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<mask>, 2nd Duke of Somerset,  (158824 October 1660) was an English nobleman and Royalist commander in the English Civil War. Origins
Seymour was the son of Edward Seymour, Lord Beauchamp (who predeceased his own father) by his wife Honora Rogers. He was the grandson of Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford, by his wife Lady Katherine Grey, a sister of Lady Jane Grey, "The Nine Days Queen", which thus gave him a distant claim to the throne through Katherine's descent from Mary Tudor, younger sister of King Henry VIII. He was the great-grandson of Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset (c. 1500–1552), the uncle of King Edward VI and Lord Protector of England. Life
Seymour made a secret marriage at Greenwich on 22 June 1610 to Arbella Stuart (died 1615), daughter of Charles Stuart, 1st Earl of Lennox and Elizabeth Cavendish. Arbella was thirteen years his senior, and King James I disapproved of the marriage as the union of two potential Tudor pretenders to the throne, who were respectively fourth and sixth in line, could only be seen as a threat to the ruling dynasty. As a result, <mask> was condemned to life imprisonment in the Tower of London and thus became the fourth of five generations of Seymours to spend time in that prison.In June 1611 Seymour escaped from the Tower, planning to meet up with Arbella, who also had escaped captivity. They were to flee to the Continent, but bad weather and other circumstances prevented their meeting, and Arbella was recaptured and placed back in the Tower. <mask> managed to reach safety abroad at Ostend, but was never reunited with Arbella who remained in

masks:
William Seymour
William
William


type: original

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 the Tower until her death in 1615. Political career
Seymour was knighted as a Knight of the Bath in November 1616. In December 1620 Seymour was elected Member of Parliament for Marlborough in Wiltshire, but vacated the seat soon afterwards on his elevation to the House of Lords, having succeeded his grandfather as Earl of Hertford in 1621. In the House of Lords he became a prominent opponent to King Charles I, where he supported the Petition of Right of 1628, and co-signed the letter of the twelve Peers of 1640, along with his brother-in-law Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex. During the Long Parliament, Seymour eventually parted company with the more radical opponents of the King, and in 1641 was created by him Marquess of Hertford.In the Civil War, Hertford was a moderate royalist, along with such figures as Sir Edward Hyde, and throughout sought a compromise settlement, by continuing unofficial negotiations throughout the war with his brother-in-law Essex, the Parliamentary commander. He was nevertheless a trusted supporter of the King, who made him guardian of his son the future King Charles II, and he undertook several important military commands in royalist service over the course of the war, including commanding troops from South Wales and a successful campaign in Somerset in summer 1643. Along with his brother Lord Seymour, Hertford was sent as a commissioner for the king at the failed Treaty of Uxbridge negotiations (1645). After the end of the First Civil War and the King's imprisonment, Hertford was the most prominent nobleman to remain alongside the king throughout his


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 captivity, and was with him until his execution in 1649. He was one of four lords (the others being the Duke of Richmond, and the earls of Lindsey and Southampton) who petitioned the Commons to be allowed to assume responsibility for the King's actions and to suffer death in his place. During the Inter-regnum, Hertford kept himself away from both politics and royalist conspiracies, in the belief that the monarchy would eventually be restored and that conspiracies would only delay that event. When the Restoration of the Monarchy came in 1660, Hertford was restored to all his former positions, and his services in the Royalist cause were further recognised by King Charles II, who in 1660 restored Hertford to his great-grandfather's Dukedom of Somerset, which had been forfeited in 1552.He thus became the 2nd Duke of Somerset. Marriages & children
<mask> married twice:

Firstly and secretly (see above), on 22 June 1610, to his third cousin once-removed Lady Arbella Stuart (died 1615), who was then fourth in line to the succession of their cousin, King James I. There were no children from the marriage. Secondly, on 3 March 1617 at Drayton Bassett, he married Lady Frances Devereux (1599–1674), daughter of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, by his wife Frances Walsingham, daughter of Francis Walsingham. By Frances he had at least eight children:

Issue
Lady Frances Seymour (1618–1685), who married three times: Firstly to Richard Molyneux, 2nd Viscount Molyneux Secondly (as his third wife) to Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton, and thirdly (as his third wife) to Conyers Darcy, 2nd Earl of


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 Holderness, by whom she had no children. <mask> (162116 June 1642), who predeceased his father. Robert Seymour (1622–1646), who predeceased his father.Lady Judith Seymour (1623–1645), who married Peter Ransone, by whom she had issue. Henry Seymour, Lord Beauchamp (162630 March 1654), who married <mask>, Duchess of Beaufort (1630–1715) and had children, including <mask>, 3rd Duke of Somerset (1654–1671), heir to his grandfather the 2nd Duke. Lady Mary Seymour (163710 April 1673), who married Heneage Finch, 3rd Earl of Winchilsea and had issue. Lady Jane Seymour (163723 November 1679), who married Charles Boyle, 3rd Viscount Dungarvan and had issue. Her modern descendants included Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. John Seymour, 4th Duke of Somerset (164629 April 1675), heir to his nephew in the dukedom in 1671, who married Sarah Alston in 1656 but left no children. Death, burial & succession
Hertford died at Essex House in London and was buried on 1 November 1660 at Great Bedwyn in Wiltshire.He was succeeded by his grandson <mask>, 3rd Duke of Somerset. References

Further reading
 "Seymour, <mask>, 1st marquess of Hertford, 2nd duke of Somerset," Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. |-

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1588 births
1660 deaths
16th-century English nobility
17th-century English nobility
502
Knights of the Garter
Knights of the Bath
Lord-Lieutenants of Somerset
Lord-Lieutenants of Wiltshire
Cavaliers
<mask>, 02nd Duke of Somerset
Prisoners in the Tower of London
English MPs 1621–1622
Grooms of the Stool
Marquesses of Hertford (1641)
Court of Charles II of England
Military personnel of the

masks:
William Seymour
Mary Somerset
William Seymour
William Seymour
William
William Seymour


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<mask> (born 25 July 1994) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a left back for Serie B club Vicenza, on loan from Lazio. His older brother, Romelu, is also a footballer. Starting his professional career at R.S.C. Anderlecht, he made nine appearances for the first team, before joining Oostende in 2013, where he became a regular player. He was signed by Lazio in 2016. <mask> made his senior international debut for Belgium in 2015 and was part of their squad at UEFA Euro 2016. Club career

Anderlecht

Despite interests from Premier League side Arsenal, <mask> signed his first professional contract with the club, keeping him until 2013.Having previously trained with the first team in the 2010–11 season, along with his brother (who then left the club for Chelsea at the time), <mask> was first included in a senior matchday squad on 1 December 2011, remaining an unused substitute in Anderlecht's 2–1 win at AEK Athens in the group stage of the season's UEFA Europa League. His debut came the following on 21 March 2012 against Zulte Waregem, which saw Anderlecht win 2–1; <mask> later said after the match: "it was the best day of his life". Then on 6 April when he started in a goalless Pro League game at Standard Liège; he totalled six appearances as his team won the league that season. However, he did not play at all as they retained the title the following campaign, only making the bench twice. During the season, he missed out the start of the season, due to suffering a stress fracture. As he struggled in the first team, <mask> was linked with a loan move to an unknown club in Eredivisie, but rejected the move and was sent to the reserve team instead. On 21 July 2013, he came on as an 87th-minute substitute for Matías Suárez as Anderlecht won the year's Belgian Super Cup 1–0 against Genk at the Constant Vanden Stock Stadium.However, after appearing two matches at the start of the season, <mask>

masks:
Jordan Zacharie Lukaku Menama Mokelenge
Lukaku
Jordan
Lukaku
Lukaku
Jordan
Jordan


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 announced his desire to leave the club to get regular first team football. Oostende
Soon after playing in the Belgian Super Cup, <mask> left Anderlecht to join Oostende on loan until the end of the season. <mask> made his Oostende debut, where he came on as a substitute in the second half and played 45 minutes, in a 1–0 loss against Lokeren on 31 August 2013. Since making his Oostende debut, <mask> established himself as a regular in the first team, even he was in the substitute and in a match against Genk on 23 November 2013, he set up one of the goals, in a 4–0 win. However, <mask>'s last appearance for the club came on 25 January 2014 against Waasland-Beveren. <mask> never made another appearance for the club again, as he suffered a pubalgia that kept him out of the season. Despite this, <mask> went on to make fifteen appearances in all competitions.With his contract expiring at Anderlecht at the end of the season, <mask> joined Oostende on a permanent basis, signing a four-year contract. <mask>'s first game after signing for the club on a permanent basis came on 1 August 2014, playing his former club, Anderlecht, in a 2–0 loss. <mask> continued to be in a regular in the first team at Oostende despite being absence on two occasions, including his sending off against Gent on 25 January 2015. In his first permanent season at the club, <mask> went on to make thirty appearances in all competitions. In the 2015–16 season, <mask> started the season well when he set up one of the goals, in a 3–1 win over Mechelen in the opening game of the season, followed up by scoring his first goal for the club, in a 2–1 win over Westerlo, which he was named Team of the Week. <mask> continued to be in the first team until he was absence from late-2015, due to injuries. <mask> then scored his second goal of the season on 31 January 2016, in a 3–3 draw against Mouscron.After returning from injury in early-May, <mask>

masks: Lukaku Lukaku Lukaku Lukaku Lukaku Lukaku Lukaku Lukaku Lukaku Lukaku Lukaku Lukaku Lukaku Lukaku


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 scored from his injury, in a 2–1 win over Genk on 14 May 2016. <mask> finished his second season, making thirty-four appearances and scoring three times in all competitions. Lazio

With a hint from the club's president, stating that <mask> could leave the club in the summer, it was announced on 22 July 2016, he signed with Italian club Lazio for €4 million plus a reported €1 million in performance-related bonuses. Upon joining the club, <mask> was given a number six shirt and was presented to the club several days later. <mask> made his Lazio debut, where he made his first start and played the whole game, in a 4–3 win over Atalanta in the opening game of the season. He continued to remain in the first team until he suffered an injury during an international break that kept him out for a month. It was not until on 27 November 2016 when he made his return from injury, coming on as a substitute in the second half, in a 1–0 win over Palermo.In the 2017 Supercoppa Italiana, <mask> came on as a late substitute in a 3–2 win over Juventus at the Stadio Olimpico. On 23 December that year, he scored his first goal for the club, finishing from a Ciro Immobile pass to open a 4–0 home win over Crotone. Injury problems during the 2018–19 season meant <mask> only started three games in all competitions before a loan deal until the end of the season was agreed with English club Newcastle United on 24 January. However, the deal was called off the following day after the Belgian reportedly failed a medical. Antwerp (loan)
On 5 October 2020, Lazio confirmed that <mask> had joined Belgian club Royal Antwerp F.C. on a one-year loan. Vicenza (loan)
On 12 January 2022, <mask> was loaned out to Serie B club Vicenza until the end of the season.International career
After previously representing Belgium U15, Belgium U16, Belgium U18 and Belgium U19, Jordan rejected a chance to play for DR Congo, in favor of playing for

masks: Lukaku Lukaku Lukaku Lukaku Lukaku Lukaku Lukaku Lukaku


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 Belgium instead. It came after when <mask> was called up by the national side in late-2011. Following his impressive performance at Oostende, <mask> was called by the senior team for the first team. On 10 October 2015, <mask> made his senior debut for the national team in a 4–1 win in a Euro 2016 qualification match against Andorra; the victory qualified his team to the finals. In his next game on the following 29 March, he replaced Guillaume Gillet in the 59th minute of a friendly away to Portugal in Leiria, and sent in the cross that was headed in by his brother as consolation in a 2–1 loss. After being included for the a 24-man preliminary squad, <mask> was selected for Euro 2016 squad, wearing shirt number 21. He made one appearance in the tournament, playing 75 minutes in place of the injured Jan Vertonghen in Belgium's 3–1 quarterfinal defeat to Wales.In May 2018, he was named in Belgium's preliminary squad for the 2018 World Cup in Russia. However, he did not make the final 23. Style of play
Regarded as a promising player in his youth, <mask> is a quick, hard-working, and powerful left-footed attacking full-back. He primarily plays as a left-back, but has demonstrated he is capable of playing anywhere along the left side of the pitch as a wing-back, as a wide midfielder, or even as a winger in an attacking trident. He is particularly well known for his outstanding pace, as well as his technique, crossing ability, physical strength, and stamina, which enables him to cover the flank effectively, get forward, exploit spaces, take on opponents, retain possession, and create chances for his teammates. He has drawn criticism at times from pundits over his tactical sense and the defensive aspect of this game, which have been cited as areas which have room for improvement. He has also struggled with injuries which have limited his playing time.Personal life
<mask> was born in Antwerp. His father is

masks: Lukaku Lukaku Lukaku Lukaku Lukaku Lukaku


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 <mask>, who played professional football and was capped at international level by Zaire. He has an older brother, Romelu <mask>, who also progressed through the youth academy at Anderlecht. Their cousin Boli Bolingoli-Mbombo plays for Celtic. While at the youth academy at Anderlecht, Jordan, along with Romelu, used to be picked by their father and took them to training every morning. Unlike his older brother, <mask> grew up supporting Arsenal. Around 2012, Jordan became a victim of fake profiling.It came after he was involved in a controversial circumstances, prompting angry response from social media. In December 2014, <mask> was charged with speeding and had his driving license revoked for fifteen days, as well as, being fined €600. The following month, his closest friend, Junior Malanda, was killed in a car crash. Three months later, he was charged with the same offence and was banned from driving for a year. He was given a final warning and told that if he did it again, he would be jailed. The following year, he was charged with the same offence for the third time and was banned from driving for fifteen months. Career statistics

Club

International

Honours
Anderlecht
 Belgian Super Cup: 2013

Lazio
 Coppa Italia: 2018–19
 Supercoppa Italiana: 2017

References

External links
 Belgium Stats at Belgian FA

1994 births
Living people
Belgian footballers
Association football forwards
Belgian First Division A players
Serie A players
Serie B players
R.S.C.Anderlecht players
K.V. Oostende players
S.S. Lazio players
L.R. Vicenza players
Royal Antwerp F.C. players
Belgium international footballers
Belgium under-21 international footballers
Belgium youth international footballers
UEFA Euro 2016 players
Belgian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Italy
Belgian expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Footballers from Antwerp
Belgian people of Democratic Republic of the Congo descent
Black Belgian

masks:
Roger Lukaku
Lukaku
Jordan
Jordan Lukaku


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<mask> (born 14 December 1984) is a Northern Irish former professional footballer . A versatile player, Brunt has featured primarily as a left winger, but can also operate as a left back or attacking midfielder. Brunt started his career with Middlesbrough but did not manage to make an appearance in the first team. He joined Sheffield Wednesday in 2004 and amassed 153 appearances for the club before joining West Bromwich Albion in 2007, where he went on to appear over 400 times. Brunt earned 65 caps for the Northern Ireland national team between 2004 and 2017. He also represented his country at youth level. In March 2021, Brunt returned to West Bromwich Albion as an academy coach.Early life
Brunt was born and raised in Belfast, Northern Ireland, where he attended Newtownbreda Primary School. He then went on to study at Wellington College Belfast. As a youth player, he appeared for Saint Andrew's Boys' Club. Club career

Middlesbrough
Brunt had trials with professional teams Rangers and Middlesbrough as a 16-year-old. He joined Middlesbrough's academy in 2001 and signed his first professional contract a year later. However, he failed to break into the first team at the Teesside club. Sheffield Wednesday

He moved to Sheffield Wednesday in March 2004 on an initial short-term deal.A permanent free transfer followed soon after as Brunt signed a two-year contract at Wednesday. In the 2004–05 season, his first full season at the club, Brunt helped Wednesday achieve promotion to the Championship by scoring five goals in all competitions with four of those coming in the league. In July 2005, he agreed a one-year extension to his existing contract. He went on to hit seven goals the following season, finishing the campaign as the club's top goalscorer. He also passed the 100 appearance mark for Wednesday during the 2005–06 season, making him the club's most experienced player


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 at the time. With only one year remaining on his contract, negotiations between Brunt and Wednesday broke down in July 2007, due to what the club described as 'excessive wage demands'. West Bromwich Albion

2007–2010: Securing top-flight status
West Bromwich Albion's bid for Brunt was accepted on 14 August 2007.They completed the signing the next day, in a £3 million four-year deal, which included £500,000 of performance-related add-ons. <mask> made his Albion debut as a second-half substitute in a 2–0 home win over Barnsley on 1 September 2007. He scored his first goal for the club in a 3–2 victory away at Scunthorpe United on 22 September 2007. <mask>'s performance in the 3–0 home win against Plymouth Argyle on 1 March 2008 saw him named in the Championship Team of the Week. On 28 April 2008, Brunt scored a late equalising goal against Southampton in a 1–1 draw; this effectively secured Albion's promotion to the Premier League because of their superior goal difference. He went on to score the free kick in West Brom's 2–0 win over Queens Park Rangers (QPR) that sealed automatic promotion. Brunt was the club's top scorer in the 2008–09 season, scoring nine goals.This season ended in disappointment for <mask> and his West Brom teammates as the club were relegated, finishing in last place. He was named the club's Player of the Year for the 2008–09 season. He enjoyed the most prolific goalscoring campaign of his career to date in the 2009–10 season with 13 goals in 43 games in all competitions. The Northern Ireland native once again helped the club reach the highest tier of English football, scoring the second goal in a 3–2 away win over Doncaster on 10 April 2010, which sealed the club's Premier League status. <mask> signed a new three-year contract in July 2010 to keep him at the club until the summer of 2013. 2011–2014: Club captain
In January 2011, Brunt was made

masks: Brunt Brunt Brunt Brunt


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 stand-in captain as the manager decided to drop previous club captain Scott Carson. When Roy Hodgson took charge of the Baggies in February 2011, he made Brunt the permanent captain of the club.He signed another three-year contract in August 2011 as a reward for his impressive form. He continued to be club captain after a new head coach was appointed when Hodgson had left to manage the England national team. Brunt helped the team secure an 8th-place finish in the 2012–13 season, the highest the club has finished in the Premier League era, while also helping to secure the record number of points for the club (48). He scored twice in the season, his first a 30-yard strike at QPR which Albion won 2–1 and the second a finish from the edge of the box in a 2–2 draw at home to Aston Villa. Alan Irvine confirmed Brunt would remain as club captain when he was appointed West Brom manager in the summer of 2014. He signed a new three-year deal on 10 August 2014 to keep him at the club until the summer of 2017. 2015–2020: Injury and comeback

Brunt relinquished the captaincy to new signing Darren Fletcher when the former Manchester United player made his debut for West Brom on 8 February 2015 in a match against Burnley.On 18 May 2015, <mask> was hit in the head by a ball kicked by Cesc Fàbregas in a match against Chelsea which resulted in the sending off of the latter. He was struck on the face by a coin thrown by a West Brom supporter on 20 February 2016 in an FA Cup Fifth Round tie at Championship side Reading. Brunt was appalled by the incident, stating: "If people come to football matches and think it is acceptable to throw coins at footballers or anyone else, it is disgusting." Brunt returned to first-team action after eight months out with an anterior cruciate knee injury in the 1–1 draw against Tottenham Hotspur at The Hawthorns on 15 October 2016. He scored his first


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 goal of the 2016–17 season on 3 December in a 3–1 home win over Watford, ending a run of 29 Premier League appearances without a goal. His second goal of the season came on 2 January 2017 in a 3–1 home victory against Hull City, when he headed in from a Matt Phillips corner kick. 12 days later, he made his 300th league appearance and 200th Premier League start for West Brom in the next fixture against Tottenham Hotspur at White Hart Lane which ended in a 4–0 defeat for the West Midlands club.On 9 February 2017, Brunt signed a contract extension which would keep him at the club until the summer of 2018 with an option for another year should he trigger a clause relating to appearances. He made his 500th career appearance in club football against Burnley in August 2017 and the following month made his 350th appearance for Albion, against Watford. In his final game for West Brom, Brunt helped them seal promotion to the Premier League with a 2–2 draw against Queens Park Rangers. He was released from West Bromwich Albion in the 2020 summer transfer window after spending 13 years with the club. Brunt holds Albion's Premier League appearance record, having turned out 269 times for the club in the competition. Bristol City
Following his departure from The Baggies, on 7 September 2020, Brunt signed for Championship side Bristol City on a one-year deal. On 3 January 2021, Brunt departed Bristol City, after it was mutually agreed to end his contract following an injury which will rule him out for most of the remaining season.International career
Brunt made 65 appearances for the Northern Ireland national team. He scored his first goal for his country in February 2009, when his free kick helped Northern Ireland to a 3–0 away victory over San Marino. In April 2012, it was revealed that Brunt was in manager Stuart Pearce's provisional squad for the 2012 Olympic Great Britain


texts:
 football team. He was in the end not selected in the final 18-man squad for the Games. He missed out on the chance to appear at Euro 2016 after damaging his anterior cruciate ligament which required surgery. On 11 November 2016, Brunt returned to the international scene for Northern Ireland's 2018 World Cup qualification match against Azerbaijan. After sustaining a head injury early on, he recovered to set up a goal for club teammate Gareth McAuley and scored the final goal of a 4–0 win.He announced his retirement from international football in August 2018. Personal life
Brunt became a father for the first time on 1 May 2008, when his wife Cathy gave birth to a baby boy named Charlie. The couple then welcomed a second child, Zach David <mask>, on 18 April 2011. Brunt is a cousin of Canadian ice hockey player Shawn Thornton. Career statistics

Club

International

As of match played 12 November 2017. Northern Ireland score listed first, score column indicates score after each Brunt goal. Honours
Sheffield Wednesday
Football League One play-offs: 2005

West Bromwich Albion
Football League Championship: 2007–08; runner-up: 2009–10, 2019–20

Individual
West Bromwich Albion Player of the Year: 2008–09

References

External links

Profile  at the West Bromwich Albion F.C.website
Profile at the Irish Football Association website

1984 births
Living people
People educated at Wellington College Belfast
Association footballers from Belfast
Association footballers from Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland youth international footballers
Northern Ireland under-21 international footballers
Northern Ireland international footballers
Association football wingers
Association football midfielders
Association football fullbacks
Middlesbrough F.C. players
Sheffield Wednesday F.C. players
West Bromwich Albion F.C. players
Bristol City F.C. players
English Football League players
Premier


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<mask> (December 18, 1869, Artern, Province of Saxony – December 17,  1958, Stuttgart) was a German pioneer of the Freikörperkultur (free body culture) movement and one of its first organizers. There was a völkisch element in <mask>'s ideas. Career
Ungewitter was of working-class or lower middle-class origins and was trained as a gardener. He became a clerk in the office of a gardening company, then lived for two years in Norway. After returning to Germany, he was one of the founders of a bread manufacturing facility. After that went bankrupt, he worked as a sales representative. He was introduced to nudism (now known as naturism) by Heinrich Pudor, who published under the pseudonym Heinrich Scham (Shame).Today he is considered one of its early pioneers. In 1903 Ungewitter published a booklet entitled Wieder nacktgewordene Menschen (People naked again), which made him quite well known. Almost 100,000 copies were printed within a few years. His first book, Die Nacktheit (Nudity) appeared in 1906 under the full title Die Nacktheit in entwicklungsgeschichtlicher, gesundheitlicher, moralischer und künstlerischer Sicht (Nudity from the point of view of historical development, health, morality and art). It was reprinted several times. Repeated attempts at legal procedures against the book failed because the experts invited by the court testified in favor of Ungewitter. For example, Theodor Lipps, a professor at the University of Munich, stated in his report:

In subsequent years, Ungewitter published further books advocating nudism.His best known work is the book Nackt (Naked), which appeared in 1908. In addition, in 1908 he founded the Vereinigung für hygienische, ethische und ästhetische Kultur (Organization for hygienic, ethical and aesthetic culture). This was the second naturist group in Germany, after a club founded in Essen in 1898, and had

masks:
Richard Ungewitter
Ungewitter


texts: approximately 50 members, primarily in South Germany. Both Nackt and his Nacktheit und Kultur (Nudity and Culture, published 1911) were the subject of legal disputes lasting several years, in which, however, he was largely able to obtain satisfactory judgements. Thus, in its session of April 24, 1912, Criminal Trial Chamber III of the Royal Regional Court in Stuttgart rejected the suit by the royal attorneys to suppress Nackt. This legal opinion of the court, under which illustrated naturist publications are permissible, was followed by all other democratic courts of justice in Germany and other countries. Ungewitter, like many Lebensreform theorists of the time, ascribed positive health benefits to nudity.He suggested that wearing clothing might be a cause of tuberculosis, and theorized that the rays of the sun were beneficial to health because they contained metals. By his own account, he had suffered from infections, weakness, and a recurring rash despite medical treatment, and only become healthy and strong after, under the influence of Louis Kuhne's theories, he gave up alcohol and smoking and became a vegetarian; ultimately he adopted a raw food diet in addition to exercising and writing in the nude. <mask> founded his first organization, the Vereinigung für hygienische, ethische und ästhetische Kultur (Society for Hygienic, Ethical and Esthetic Culture) in Stuttgart around 1906. In 1907 <mask> founded the Loge des aufsteigenden Lebens (Lodge of Ascending Life or Rising Life), to which according to his statement on June 17, 1912, more than 800 people belonged. It may have been the first nationwide nudist organization in Germany. In its regular publication Vertrauliche Mitteilungen (Confidential Reports), members advocated naked bathing free of embarrassment, nudity without being disturbed, and to some extent, long-distance nude hiking. In

masks: Ungewitter Ungewitter


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 1914 the name of the lodge was changed to Treubund für aufsteigendes Leben (Brotherhood or Loyalty Club for Ascending Life, abbreviated Tefal).In 1923, <mask>, who dominated the organization, obtained an amendment to its constitution introducing a commitment to "racial hygiene" (völkisch eugenics) and also requiring a commitment to a political party. Many members objected to the alignment with eugenics, and large numbers therefore left the organization, which subsequently waned in importance. However, the move toward eugenics did not constitute an essential change in his theories. As early as 1910, he had written in Nacktheit und Kultur:

He was specifically anti-Semitic, and was also associated with the völkisch journal Die Ostara. <mask> was unusual among naturists in making a close connection between nudism, marriage, and racialism, and advocated compulsory nudity (nude exercises three times a day) together with vegetarianism. In 1919 he had edited Der Zusammenbruch: Deutschlands Wiedergeburt durch Blut und Eisen, which lays out a program for Germany's recovery from the defeat of World War I in which compulsory nudity is an element. <mask> was also notably anti-feminist, arguing that girls should be educated only in things that would equip them to run a household and that they should be required to undergo a year's service including physical exercise, and notably hostile toward the rich, whom he attacked for "status arrogance" that extended to preferring fashionable ailments to health.After the Nazis came to power, <mask> did not find the expected support for his ideas. There was an initial crackdown on nudists in 1933, then those who advocated recreational nudity were accommodated, but Ungewitter, with his pronounced anti-urbanism and advocacy of rural naturist settlements (at least two Tefal settlements existed by the mid-1920s), was forced

masks: Ungewitter Ungewitter Ungewitter Ungewitter


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 out. In 1938 he was sidelined with an honorary post. He died in Stuttgart in December 1958, on the evening before his 89th birthday. Awards and honors

 1953 Honorary Membership in the Deutscher Verband für Freikörperkultur (German Association for Free Body Culture)

Works
as author
 Wieder nackt gewordene Menschen, 1903
 Die Nacktheit, 1905. Trans. Tessa Wilson.Nakedness: In an Historical, Hygienic, Moral and Artistic Light. Riverside, California: Ultraviolet, 2005. Diätische Ketzereien. Die Eiweißtheorie mit ihren Folgen, als Krankheitsursache, und ihre wissenschaftlich begründete Verabschiedung, 1908
 Nackt. Eine kritische Studie, 1909
 Kultur und Nacktheit. Eine Forderung, 1911

 Rassenverschlechterung durch Juda, 1919
 Nacktheit und Aufstieg. Ziele zur Erneuerung des deutschen Volkes, 1920
 Rettung oder Untergang des deutschen Volkes.Nur für Deutschgeborene!, 1921
 Nacktheit und Moral. Wege zur Rettung des deutschen Volkes, 1925
 Aus Entartung zur Rasse-Pflege. Ein Weckruf in zwölfter Stunde, 1934
 Denkschrift zur Impfung, 1938
 as editor

 Der Zusammenbruch: Deutschlands Wiedergeburt durch Blut und Eisen, 1919

See also
 Lebensreform

Notes and references

Further reading

 Georg Schückler. "Gefährliche Wurzeln der Freikörperkultur-Bewegung. Kirchenhaß und Antisemitismus bei <mask>tter, dem 'Vater der deutschen FKK'". Cologne-Klettenberg: Volkswartbund, 1953. Kai Buchholz et al.(ed.). Die Lebensreform. Entwürfe zur Neugestaltung von Leben und Kunst um 1900. Volume 1. Darmstadt: Haeusser, 2001. Andreas Schmölling. "Lebensspuren eines Lichtkämpfers.Aus Schaffen und Werk von <mask> (1868–1958), Lebensreformer und Pionier der Freikörperkultur". Aratora 12 (2002) 16–49

External links

1869 births
1958 deaths
People from Artern
People from the Province of Saxony
German activists
Naturism in Germany
Raw foodists
Social nudity

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Richard Ungewi
Richard Ungewitter


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<mask> (born 28 September 1960) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Hawthorn Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He is currently the senior coach for the Port Melbourne Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL). <mask>' playing career is honored by the existence of the <mask> Award, an annual award given to the player judged best-afield by the AFL Coaches Association throughout each AFL finals series. Playing career
Beginning his football career with Hawthorn in 1978, he had an illustrious career spanning from 1978–1993, playing 269 games and booting 70 goals. He was part of a total of 5 premiership teams – 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, and 1991. He won the Norm Smith Medal twice, adjudged best on ground in 1986 and 1988 and is one of only four players in the history of the AFL to do so. <mask> captained Victoria against Tasmania in the 1989 State of Origin contest.He captained the Hawks in his final two years from 1992–1993. <mask> played most of his football in defence, particular the back pocket position. He was nicknamed "Conan" by fans in reference to his powerful upper-body physique. He used his body to good effect in body on body contested situations. <mask>' height and weight was 187 cm / 100 kg. Allan Jeans described <mask> Smith Medal: 1986, 1988
 Peter Crimmins Medal: 1986
 3× State of Origin (Victoria): 1984, 1989, 1990
 State of Origin (Victoria 2nd XVIII team): 1990 (c)
Australian Football Hall of Fame: 1999 Inductee
Hawthorn F.C. Hall of Fame
'Hawthorn F.C. Team of the Century

Post-playing career

Coaching career

Geelong Football Club senior coach (1995-1999)
After retiring, <mask> turned to coaching;

masks:
Gary James Ayres
Ayres
Gary Ayres
Ayres
Gary
Ayres
AyresCm
Ayres


texts: starting as an assistant coach under senior coach Malcolm Blight at Geelong for the 1994 season. After Blight's resignation in 1994, following Geelong's defeat to the West Coast Eagles in the 1994 Grand Final, <mask> was appointed Geelong Football Club senior coach for the 1995 season after Blight handed the coaching reigns to <mask>. In his first year and season as Geelong Football Club senior coach, the Cats lost to Carlton in the 1995 Grand Final by 61 points under <mask>, which was their fourth Grand Final defeat in seven seasons.In the 1996 season, Geelong under <mask> finished seventh with thirteen wins, one draw and eight losses, where they made it to the qualifying final losing to North Melbourne. In the 1997 season, <mask> guided Geelong to finish second on the ladder with fifteen wins and seven losses, but however lost to North Melbourne again in the qualifying finals and were eliminated by the eventual premiers Adelaide in the semi finals. In the 1998 season, Geelong with <mask> struggled and finished twelve with nine wins and thirteen losses. In 1999, at the end of a disappointing 1999 season where Geelong under <mask> finished eleventh with ten wins and twelve losses and after the board of Geelong Football Club, that was led by CEO Brian Cook, refused to offer him a contract extension beyond the 2000 AFL season, <mask> quit as Geelong Football Club senior coach to take the coaching position at Adelaide where Malcolm Blight had, again, just resigned. <mask> was replaced by Mark Thompson as Geelong Football Club senior coach. <mask> coached Geelong Football Club to a total of 116 games with 65 wins 50 losses and one draw to a winning percentage of 56

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 percent. Adelaide Football Club senior coach (2000-2004)
<mask> once again replaced Malcolm Blight, this time as Adelaide Football Club senior coach at the end of the 1999 season and coached Adelaide from 2000 until 2004.In his first season at the Crows, the club struggled and finished eleventh with nine wins and thirteen losses at the end of the 2000 season. <mask>, however guided the Crows to the final series in the next three seasons in the  2001 season, 2002 season and 2003 season, including reaching the elimination final in 2001, where they were eliminated by Carlton,  the preliminary final in 2002, where they were eliminated by the eventual runners-up Collingwood and the Semi finals in 2003, where they were eliminated by the eventual premiers Brisbane Lions. However, during the 2004 season, the club with <mask> found themselves struggling again where Adelaide sat twelve on the ladder with four wins and nine losses after Round 13, 2004. When told he would not continue as senior coach for the 2005 season, <mask> quit midseason. Though he had been given the opportunity to stay for the rest of season 2004, he told the Adelaide board that if he could not coach the following year, he would leave immediately. He then walked out of the club's office without shaking hands or responding to media enquiries. <mask> coached Adelaide to a total of 107 games with a 55–52 win-loss ratio to a winning percentage of 51.4 percent.He was replaced by assistant coach Neil Craig, who coached for the remainder of season 2004 in a caretaker role and was eventually employed full-time senior coach. Post AFL senior coaching roles

Essendon Football Club assistant coach (2006-2007)
In

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texts:
 2006, he returned to coaching as assistant coach at the Essendon Football Club, under senior coach Kevin Sheedy. When Matthew Knights was appointed as senior coach of Essendon at the end of the 2007 season, Knights vowed to modernise the club's support staff, <mask> subsequently lost his position as assistant coach. Port Melbourne Football Club senior coach (VFL) (2008-2021)
In 2008, <mask> was appointed senior coach of the Port Melbourne Football Club in the Victorian Football League. <mask> has coached at Port Melbourne continuously since then, with his current contract set to expire at the end of 2017, and he is the longest-serving coach in the club's history. <mask> has coached Port Melbourne to two premierships and three minor premierships, which included the club's perfect 2011 season, in which the club won all 21 of its premiership matches. Awards
On 24 October 2000, <mask> was awarded the Australian Sports Medal for contribution to Australian Football.Media career
In 2005, <mask> spent the year in the media on Fox Footy Channel. Prior to that he also had a stint on Seven's Talking Footy''. References

External links

Footywire: <mask> Coaching Record

1960 births
Living people
Geelong Football Club coaches
Adelaide Football Club coaches
Hawthorn Football Club players
Hawthorn Football Club Premiership players
Port Melbourne Football Club coaches
Warragul Football Club players
Peter Crimmins Medal winners
Norm Smith Medal winners
Australian Football Hall of Fame inductees
Victorian State of Origin players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Recipients of the Australian Sports Medal
People from Warragul
Five-time VFL/AFL Premiership

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<mask> (January 15, 1928 – March 16, 2021) was an American painter, sculptor, and writer, who spent the majority of her career living and working in Paris, France before returning to New York City. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Newark, New Jersey, on January 15, 1928. Her father, Jack, worked in sales; her mother, Sylvia (Justman), was his bookkeeper. <mask> was raised in Philadelphia. As a child, she expressed a passion for art, and by the age of twelve, she was enrolled in a Saturday morning program for artistically gifted children at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, followed a few years later by art classes at Fleisher Art Memorial. <mask> graduated from Olney High School in 1945, and went on to study for one year at the Philadelphia Museum School of Industrial Arts (now known as the University of Arts, Philadelphia), after which, she was awarded an Honors Scholarship to the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. While attending PAFA, she simultaneously earned a bachelor's degree from the University of Pennsylvania studying French, English, Psychology, and Art History.From 1949 to 1951, <mask> completed additional studies in Art Appreciation via the Barnes Foundation, attending afternoon classes per week. Early 1950s New York
<mask> lived in New York City during the heyday of the New York School of Abstract Expressionism. <mask> is officially recognized as part of the second wave of American Abstract Expressionists. She socialized with Willem de Kooning and Franz Kline, among others. Her social life revolved around the Cedar Tavern on University Place. Describing life in her fourth floor Greenwich Village walk-up, <mask> stated: "I painted on the floor, not by choice à la Jackson Pollock but for

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Amaranth Roslyn Ehrenhalt
Ehrenhalt
Ehrenhalt
Ehrenhalt
Ehrenhalt
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 lack of a table. The painter Al Held and sculptor Ronnie Bladen worked at the Door Store and, upon hearing of my predicament, carried a wooden door up four flights of stairs and plopped it on top of the bathtub.From then on, I could work at a more comfortable height." 1950s Paris
<mask> traveled to Paris for the first time in the early 1950s, one of many moves between Paris, Philadelphia, and New York. (She has also lived in Los Angeles, Rome, and Pietrasanta, Italy). She lived and worked in France and Italy for over 30 years. "I have lived many years in Italy and France and was privileged to know, and sometimes exhibit with many writers and artists who have greatly contributed to modern art, i.e. Giacometti, Sonia Delaunay, who invited me to choose my paint supplies and put it on her tab, Hundertwasser, who painted 3 portraits of me, Yves Klein, Alberto Burri, who asked me to translate between him and Martha Jackson for his first show in New York, Joan Mitchell, Sam Francis, Carlo Levi, an Italian writer who painted a portrait of me, and others". In 1951, she traveled to North Africa with the painter Friedensreich Hundertwasser, and is the subject of three paintings titled "Rosyln 1, 2, 3."<mask> described life in 1950s Paris, and the cafe scene at Le Select cafe on Boulevard du Montparnasse, a 'replacement' for New York's Cedar Tavern, in an article titled "Cafe Society", published by Vogue Magazine in September 2012:

"Le Select did not discriminate in its patrons-wealthy dilettantes, established artists and writers, and perhaps most of all, the penniless emerging artists hoping to brush shoulders with and find inspiration from the few local celebrities. Le Select had its regulars, whose eccentricities were

masks: Ehrenhalt Ehrenhalt


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 well known to one another. It was common for Beauford Delaney, the American expat artist who painted James Baldwin's portrait, to make himself completely at home at a table not his own, reaching for someone else's half-finished drink and swallowing it in one gulp... Another frequent visitor was the dark-eyed, dark-haired Yves Klein, sturdy from his intense study of judo, who would apply paint to nude women and have them lean against his canvases...there I would meet painters Pegeen Guggenheim and Ralph Rumney before dinner at Wadja around the corner or a gathering at Michel Mendes France's apartment." Later years
<mask> left Paris in 2008 and moved back to New York City. Later exhibitions and shows include: "Amaranth <mask>: Au Rythme des Saisons" (2007) at the Maison des Arts de Bagneux, France,  "Amaranth Ehrenhalt" (2010), at the Maximillian Gallery in Hollywood, California, "Amaranth Ehrenhalt: A Hidden Treasure" (2012), at the Anita Shapolsky Gallery and Art Foundation, New York City, "Shifting Ecologies" (2014) curated by Marianne Van Lent at The Painting Center, New York City, and "Colorimetry" (2014) at Galerie102 in Ojai, California. Ehrenhalt died on March 16, 2021, in Manhattan. She was 93, and had been diagnosed with COVID-19 prior to her death.Work
<mask>'s career spanned more than sixty years. Her works have been included in numerous solo exhibitions and group shows. Her work and contribution to  American Abstract Expressionism is profiled in American Abstract and Figurative Expressionism, published in 2009 by The New York School Press. Her influences include: Giotto and Cimabue, DaVinci, El Greco, Cezanne, Renoir, Matisse, Picasso, Kandinsky, Gorky, de Kooning, and Jackson Pollock. <mask> has

masks: Ehrenhalt Ehrenhalt Ehrenhalt Ehrenhalt


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 shown in group exhibitions alongside her contemporaries: Joan Mitchell, Sam Francis, Beauford Delaney, Shirley Jaffe, and others. Her work is in collections around the world—from the Time, Inc. building in Chicago, to the Hirshhorn Museum in Washington, DC, to the National Foundation of Contemporary Art in Paris, France. In 1962, Pulitzer prize winning poet John Ashbery published a review of <mask>'s work in the International Herald Tribune (Paris, France, 3 October 1962): "A key figure among these 31 artists from 14 different countries might be the American <mask>, who shows a large canvas with the inviting title, Jump In and Move Around.It is both an excellent example of New York School abstraction (lush colors, fluent brushwork, bustling composition) and an attempt at a new possibly eerie form of figuration. The large flat areas juxtaposed with smaller, detailed ones seem always on the point of resolving themselves into a landscape or a portrait". Her work expands beyond the canvas to include drawings, prints, watercolors, tapestries, mosaics, murals, sculptures, poetry, prose and more. Gallerist Anita Shapolsky wrote: "She is the most multi-talented woman artist that I have ever encountered, producing paintings, sculpture, mosaics, ceramics, watercolors, tapestries, scarves, prints, poetry and writing. Her counterpart would be Picasso, in terms of the amount of creative output and variety." References

20th-century American painters
1928 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in New York (state)
21st-century American painters
Artists from Newark, New Jersey
Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts alumni
University of Pennsylvania alumni
20th-century American women artists
21st-century American


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<mask>, born Brynhild Paulsdatter Størseth (November 11, 1859 – possibly April 28, 1908), nicknamed "Hell's Belle", was a Norwegian-American serial killer who was active in Illinois and Indiana between 1884 and 1908. Gunness is thought to have killed at least fourteen people, most of whom were men she enticed to visit her rural Indiana property on the promise of marriage, while some sources speculate her involvement in as many as forty murders. <mask> seemingly died in a fire in 1908, but it is popularly believed that she faked her death. Her actual fate is unconfirmed. Early life
Brynhild Paulsdatter Storset (<mask>) was born in Selbu, Norway on November 11, 1859 to Paul and Berit Storset; she was the youngest of eight children. She was confirmed at the Evangelical Lutheran Church in 1874. At age 14, she began working for neighboring farms by milking and herding cattle to save enough money for passage to New York.She moved to the United States in 1881. When she was processed by immigration at Castle Garden, she changed her first name to <mask>, then travelled to Chicago to join her sister, Nellie who had immigrated several years earlier. In Chicago, while living with her sister and brother-in-law, she worked as a domestic servant, then got a job at a butcher's shop cutting up animal carcasses, until her first marriage in 1884. Deaths associated with Gunness

Mads Sorenson and children
<mask> married Mads Sorenson in 1884. Sorenson and Gunness owned a candy store which burned to the ground. The couple’s home had also burned down, and both instances granted the couple insurance payouts. Two babies in their home died from inflammation of the large intestine, which can result from poisoning.<mask> had insured both of the children and collected a large insurance check after each death. Neighbors gossiped about the babies, since <mask> never appeared to be pregnant. Sorenson had purchased two life insurance policies. On July 30, 1890, both policies

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Belle Gunness
Gunness
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 were active at the same time, as one would expire that day, and the other began. Sorenson died of cerebral hemorrhage that day. <mask> explained he had come home with a headache and she provided him with quinine powder for the pain; she later checked on him and he was dead. Gunness collected money from both the expiring life insurance policy, and the one that went into effect that day, making a total of $5,000.With the insurance money, she moved to La Porte, Indiana, and bought a pig farm. <mask>
<mask> married <mask> on April 1, 1902. The following week, while Peter was out of the house, his infant daughter died of unknown cause in <mask>'s care. Peter died eight months later due to a skull injury. <mask> explained that Peter reached for something on a high shelf and a meat grinder fell on him, smashing his skull. The district coroner convened a coroner's jury, suspecting murder, but nothing came of the case. <mask> collected $3000 insurance money for Peter's death.Disappearances
Gunness began placing marriage ads in Chicago newspapers in 1905. One of her ads was answered by a Wisconsin farmhand, Henry Gurholt. After travelling to La Porte, Gurholt wrote his family, saying that he liked the farm, was in good health, and requesting that they send him seed potatoes. When they failed to hear from him after that, the family contacted Gunness. She told them Gurholt had gone off with horse traders to Chicago. She kept his trunk and fur overcoat. John Moe of Minnesota answered Gunness's ad in 1906.After they had corresponded for several months, Moe travelled to La Porte and withdrew a large amount of cash. Although no one ever saw Moe again, a carpenter who did occasional work for Gunness observed that Moe's trunk remained in her house, along with more than a dozen others. Andrew Helgelien and discovery of multiple graves

Her criminal activities came to light in April 1908, when the Gunness farmhouse in La Porte, Indiana burned to
the ground. In

masks:
Gunness
Peter Gunness
Belle
Peter Gunness
Belle
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texts: the ruins, authorities found the bodies of a headless adult woman, initially identified as <mask>, and her three children. Further investigation unearthed the partial remains of at least 11 additional people on the Gunness property. After the fire at the Gunness homestead led to the discovery of bodies believed to be Gunness and her children, La Porte police authorities were contacted by Asle Helgelien, who had found correspondence between his brother, Andrew Helgelien, and Gunness; the letters included petitions for him to relocate to La Porte, to bring money, and to keep the move a secret. A visit by Asle Helgelien to the Gunness farm with a former hired hand led to attention being paid to "soft depressions" in what had been made into a pen for hogs; after briefly digging one of the depressions in the lot, a gunny sack was found that contained "two hands, two feet, and one head", which Helgelien recognized to be those of his brother.Immediate inspection of the site revealed that there were dozens of such "slumped depressions" in the Gunness yard, and further digging and investigation at the site yielded multiple burlap sacks containing "torsos and hands, arms hacked from the shoulders down, masses of human bone wrapped in loose flesh that dripped like jelly", from trash-covered depressions that proved to be graves. In each case, the body had been butchered in the same manner—the body decapitated, the arms removed at the shoulders, and the legs severed at the knees. Blunt trauma and gashes characterized the skulls that were found that had been separated from the bodies. Lucas Reilly, quoting The Chicago Inter Ocean in Mental Floss, noted thatThe bones had been crushed on the ends, as though they had been... struck with hammers after they were dismembered... [and that] Quicklime had been scattered over the faces and stuffed in the ears. After finding the parts of five bodies on the first day, and an additional six on the second—some in shallow


texts:
 graves under the original hog pen, others near an outhouse or a lake—"the police stopped counting". With these discoveries, the perceptions of <mask>ess, as reported in newspaper descriptions of a praiseworthy woman—dying in the fire that consumed her house, "in a desperate attempt to save her children"—were reassessed. Despite the initial success with the identification of Andrew Helgelien, and despite the fact that widening news coverage of the mass murders invited inquiries from families with men that had gone missing, "[m]ost of the remains could not be identified."Involvement of Ray Lamphere
Ray Lamphere was <mask>' hired hand and on-and-off lover. In November 1908, Lamphere was convicted of arson in connection with the fire. Lamphere later confessed that Gunness had placed advertisements seeking male companionship, only to murder and rob the men who responded and subsequently visited her on the farm. Lamphere stated that Gunness asked him to burn down the farmhouse with her children inside. Lamphere also asserted that the body thought to be Gunness's was in fact a murder victim, chosen and planted to mislead investigators. The brother of one victim had warned <mask> that he might arrive at the farm shortly to investigate his brother's disappearance. According to Lamphere, this impending visit motivated Gunness to destroy her house, fake her own death, and flee.When Lamphere was arrested, he was wearing John Moe's overcoat and Henry Gurholt's watch. Edward Bechly, a journalist, was given a secret assignment to acquire access to a confession and publish it, thus bringing a second, inconsistent Lamphere account to light. The second account is based on the report that Lamphere contacted a Reverend Edwin Schell and provided him with a verbal confession that Schell transcribed and had Lamphere sign, a document that Schell kept sealed in his personal safe. Bechly attempted to convince Schell to allow him to publish this later confession, but was

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 denied by both Schell and Schell's wife. However, a separate newspaper published a story with speculation regarding the second Lamphere confession. Described as worried as to the peace of the families of the victims, Schell offered the confession to Bechly, which was later published. The Bechly narrative, entitled "Lanphere's Confession" [sic], contains this summary from Bechly: In the confession, Lanphere [sic] said that he had killed Mrs. Gunness and children with an ax, sprinkled the bodies with kerosene and set fire to them and the house.It gave details of the slaying, and told of his part in the former murders which occurred at the Gunness farm, his task usually being the burying of the bodies in the garden. The essential fact, however, was that the murderess was not alive as a fugitive. The publication of Lamphere's confession resulted in the subsequent arrest of his accomplice Elisabeth Smith. The inconsistencies between the two confessions, including the matter of the survival of <mask>, remain historical issues that are not fully resolved. Legacy
<mask> was pronounced dead, even though the doctor who performed the postmortem testified that the headless body was five inches shorter and about fifty pounds lighter than Gunness. No explanation was provided for what happened to the body's head. Whether Gunness died in the fire or escaped remained uncertain, although the sheriff blamed a Chicago American reporter for inventing the "escaped" story.Reported "sightings" of  Gunness in the Chicago area continued long after she was declared dead. At the time, police looked into reports of women suspected to be <mask>, none of which led to her apprehension. In 2008 DNA tests were performed on the headless corpse in an attempt to compare the DNA in the corpse against a sample from a letter Gunness had sent to one of her victims, but due to its age the sample was not able to be properly tested. After Gunness' crimes came to light, the Gunness farm

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Belle Gunness
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 became a tourist attraction. Spectators came from across the country to see the mass graves, and concessions and souvenirs were sold. Moreover, the crime became an acknowledged part of area history: the La Porte County Historical Society Museum has a permanent "Belle Gunness" exhibit. Gunness has also been the subject of at least two American musical ballads.Method, a 2004 film starring Elizabeth Hurley as Rebecca who is portraying Gunness in a film within the film, being shot in Romania. In 2017, true crime podcast My Favorite Murder performed and later released a live episode detailing Gunness' crimes. The Farm, a 2021 film starring Traci Lords, is based on the <mask>ess story. In the Garden of Spite: A Novel of the Black Widow of LaPorte is a 2021 novel by Camilla Bruce with elements of "Norwegian noir and true crime" based on the life of <mask>. See also
 Lonely hearts killer
 List of fugitives from justice who disappeared
 List of unsolved murders

General:
 List of serial killers in the United States
 List of serial killers by number of victims

References

Further reading
 Janet L. Langlois (1985). <mask>, the Lady Bluebeard: Narrative Use of a Deviant Woman. In: Susan J. Kalcik, Rosan A. Jordan (editors) (1985).Women's Folklore, Women's Culture. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. . Pages 109–124. Anne Berit Vestby (2006). Only Belle: Bare Belle - En seriemorder fra Selbu. Lillian de la Torre (1955). The Truth about <mask>ess (MysteriousPress.com/Open Road)

1859 births
1908 murders in the United States
19th-century American criminals
19th-century American women
20th-century American criminals
20th-century American women
American murderers of children
American female serial killers
American serial killers
Crimes in Indiana
Filicides in the United States
Norwegian emigrants to the United States
Murderers for life insurance money
Norwegian murderers of children
Norwegian serial killers
People from Selbu
20th-century American

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<mask>  (4 November 1919 – 31 March 1944), was a Royal Canadian Air Force officer, the pilot instructor aboard a Vickers Wellington bomber, who was taken prisoner during the Second World War. He took part in the 'Great Escape' from Stalag Luft III in March 1944, but was one of the men recaptured and subsequently shot by the Gestapo. Pre-war life
<mask> was born in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, the son of Olive Mary and Captain <mask> an English couple. His father was Forest Ranger at the Jasper National Park and its first resident official and Chief Warden from 1911. He returned to England to serve in World War I and settled back in Canada at Jasper with his new wife in 1919 where they started their family. <mask> was their eldest son. He was educated at Jasper Public and High Schools from September 1926 to June 1936 and Banff High School from September 1936 to June 1937 and worked for Brewster Transport as a driver during the summers and also for six months on engineering surveys in the National Parks as a chainman and on instrument work.War service
On 29 January 1940 in Edmonton, Alberta <mask> joined in the Royal Canadian Air Force as a Regular Service officer and was commissioned, he was assigned to Calgary Aero Club flying Gypsy Moth aircraft and then to No.1 Initial Training Squadron Toronto, serving at RCAF Camp Borden he was awarded his aircrew brevet pilot's flying badge on 19 August 1940. <mask> was promoted flying officer and posted to Station Trenton on 5 October 1940. He transferred to No.6 Service Flying Training School at Dunnville on 21 November 1940 serving there as a flying instructor to 7 April 1942 during which time he was promoted to temporary flight lieutenant on 9 August 1941. <mask> flew to England to begin operational flying and landed on 9 April 1942. He joined No. 16 Operational Training Unit RAF flying Wellington bombers on 19 May 1942. Prisoner of war
On the night of 28–29 July 1942 at 22:14 hours he took off in a Wellington Mark Ic bomber (serial number R1450) from RAF Upper Heyford to bomb the German

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Patrick Wilson Langford
Langford
Richard Wilson Langford
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 shipbuilding and port city of Hamburg flying as Instructor with a student crew.The bomber was shot down over Lübeck in northern Germany by a Luftwaffe night fighter and crashed killing 3 of the crew, the pilot was taken prisoner unhurt but <mask> and the rear gunner were taken prisoner seriously injured. He had baled out with his parachute on fire and was badly burned and hospitalized for 2 months by the Germans during which time he was promoted to full flight lieutenant before being sent on 1 October 1942 to Stalag Luft III in the province of Lower Silesia near the town of Sagan (now Żagań in Poland). 'Great Escape'
As prisoner No. 710 <mask> was involved in the planning and excavation of the tunnel code-named "Harry" which was located under the barrack's stove in Room 23 of Block 104. He was also the "trapfuehrer" responsible to ensure that the red hot stove on its tiled piece of removable flooring was back in place over the tunnel whenever the guards were nearby. He mastered his technique to a point that he could close the trap door above the tunnellers cushioned with blankets to kill any hollow sound, and get the stove in place with carefully replaced dust and dirt within 20 seconds of a guard approaching. <mask> saved the tunnel from discovery on several occasions.The tunnel was completed in early March 1944 measuring 106.07 m (348 ft) in length and the date for the break-out was set for 24 March. Approximately 600 airmen had worked on various aspects of the tunnel's construction. A list of 220 people was compiled for the actual escape but only 80 managed to get through the tunnel and of these, four were apprehended at the tunnel's exit. He was one of the 76 men who escaped the prison camp on the night of 24–25 March 1944 in the escape now famous as "the Great Escape". Having got clear of the camp Langford was in a party of officers who fought their way through the snow and bitter cold walking as fast as they could, they kept pushing onwards despite the weather and survived freezing nights outdoors only to be recaptured on 28 March

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 1944. He was in the party with Ian Cross, Jack Grisman, Sandy Gunn and Tom Leigh held at Görlitz Civil Prison, where on the morning of 31 March 1944 Keith Ogilvie saw Edgar Humphreys, Dutchy Swain, Chaz Hall, Brian Evans, Wally Valenta, George McGill, <mask>, "Adam" Wlodzimierz Kolanowski, Bob Stewart and "Hank" Henry Birkland being led away to a covered truck, They were all shot in a clearing off the Görlitz to Sagan road just outside Görlitz and cremated at Liegnitz by the Gestapo. <mask> was one of the 50 escapers executed and murdered by the Gestapo.Originally his remains were buried at Sagan, he is now buried in part of the Poznan Old Garrison Cemetery. he is also commemorated by the Royal Canadian Air Force. His name was amongst those in the list of the murdered prisoners which was published when news broke on or about 19–20 May 1944. and he is also mentioned in the "Ottawa Citizen" on 27 February 1946. Awards
Mentioned in Despatches for conspicuous gallantry as a prisoner of war (none of the other relevant decorations then available could be awarded posthumously). It was published in a supplement to the London Gazette on 8 June 1944. Other victims
See Stalag Luft III murders
The Gestapo executed a group of 50 of the recaptured prisoners representing almost all of the nationalities involved in the escape. Post-war investigations saw a number of those guilty of the murders tracked down, arrested and tried for their crimes.References
Notes

Bibliography

External links
 Project Lessons from the Great Escape (Stalag Luft III), by Mark Kozak-Holland. The prisoners formally structured their work as a project. This book analyses their efforts using modern project management methods. 1919 births
1944 deaths
Royal Canadian Air Force officers
Royal Canadian Air Force personnel of World War II
Canadian World War II pilots
World War II prisoners of war held by Germany
People from Edmonton
Canadian military personnel killed in World War II
Participants in the Great Escape from Stalag Luft III
Canadian escapees
Extrajudicial killings in

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Pat Langford
Langford


texts: <mask> (born 27 April 1976) is an English actress. She has received a Golden Globe Award and the Berlin International Film Festival Silver Bear for Best Actress, in addition to nominations for a Critics' Choice Movie Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, two Academy Awards, and two British Academy Film Awards. After graduating from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, <mask> started her career as a stage actress in productions such as Romeo and Juliet (playing Juliet), Much Ado About Nothing, and A Midsummer Night's Dream. Her first major role was in Mike Leigh's All or Nothing in 2002. She continued working with Leigh, appearing in a supporting role in Vera Drake (2004) and taking the lead in Happy-Go-Lucky (2008), for which she won several awards, including the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy and the Silver Bear for Best Actress. <mask> appeared in two Woody Allen films, Cassandra's Dream (2007) and Blue Jasmine (2013); for the latter, she received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She went on to play the lead role in Made in Dagenham (2010), Paddington (2014), Maudie (2016), and Paddington 2 (2017), and appeared in Godzilla (2014) and Godzilla: King of the Monsters (2019).For starring as a mute cleaning woman in the romantic fantasy film The Shape of Water (2017), she earned acclaim and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. <mask> has also appeared in stage productions with the Royal Court Theatre in London, and in 2010 made her Broadway debut in Mrs. Warren's Profession. In 2012 she starred in Constellations at the Royal Court Theatre, which later moved to the Duke of York's Theatre in the West End. On television, she appeared in the BBC adaptations of Tipping The Velvet (2002) as Zena Blake, and Fingersmith (2005) as Sue Trinder. She also

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Sally Cecilia Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins


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 appeared as Anne Elliot in Persuasion (2007), ITV's adaptation of Jane Austen's novel. Early life
<mask> was born in Dulwich, London on 27 April 1976, the daughter of Jacqui <mask> and <mask>, authors and illustrators of children's books. Her parents both have Irish ancestry.She has a brother, Finbar, a television and film producer. <mask> grew up in Blackheath in a National Trust-protected gingerbread house designed by Patrick Gwynne. She developed an interest in acting at the age of three when she went to a circus show. She intended to go into comedy but ended up doing theatre plays. She attended James Allen's Girls' School in Dulwich, and graduated from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in 1998. She has dyslexia and suffers from lupus, which she revealed in an interview in January 2018. Career
<mask> started her career primarily as a stage actress in such productions as Accidental Death of an Anarchist, Romeo and Juliet, The Cherry Orchard, Much Ado About Nothing, A Midsummer Night's Dream and Misconceptions.She also had small appearances on television series such as Casualty and Doctors. In 1998 while still a student, <mask> was cast as an extra in Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace. In 2002, <mask> played Samantha in Mike Leigh's film All or Nothing. It was the first of three films <mask> and Leigh worked on together, the second of which was the 2004 film Vera Drake. She appeared as Slasher in the 2004 action film Layer Cake. Her first major television role came in 2005, when she played Susan Trinder in the BAFTA-nominated BBC drama Fingersmith, an adaptation of Sarah Waters' novel of the same name, in which she co-starred with Imelda Staunton. She then starred in another BBC adaptation, Patrick Hamilton's Twenty Thousand Streets Under the Sky.Between 2003 and 2005 she appeared in four episodes of the BBC comedy

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Hawkins
Hawkins
Colin Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins


texts: series Little Britain. <mask> acted in David Hare's adaptation of Federico García Lorca's play The House of Bernarda Alba in 2005, at Royal National Theatre. She has also lent her voice to numerous radio series such as Concrete Cow, on which she also was a writer, Ed Reardon's Week, Think the Unthinkable, Cash Cows, War with the Newts and The Party Line. In 2006, <mask> returned to the stage, appearing at the Royal Court Theatre in Jez Butterworth's The Winterling. During 2006 she also made uncredited appearances in Richard Ayoade's Man to Man with Dean Learner where she played various uncredited roles in various deleted scenes included on the series DVD. She was later directed by Ayoade on two of his films, The Double and Submarine. In 2007, she played Anne Elliot in the television film of Jane Austen's Persuasion.Her performance was well received by critics and was awarded a Golden Nymph. She also had a supporting role in the Woody Allen film Cassandra's Dream, starring Colin Farrell and Ewan McGregor. In 2008, <mask> had her breakthrough when reunited with Leigh for a third time in the 2008 comedy-drama film Happy-Go-Lucky, portraying Poppy Cross, a kindhearted primary school teacher. Roger Ebert gave the film four out of four stars, praising its humor and depth and <mask>'s acting, stating "[<mask>] is a joy to behold." Peter Bradshaw wrote in The Guardian that "<mask> plays [Poppy] superbly", while Tom Long of The Detroit News dubbed her performance "Oscar-worthy". Her performance received many accolades, including winning a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy and Silver Bear for Best Actress. Three films starring <mask>, Made in Dagenham, Submarine and Never Let Me Go, all premiered at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival.All three received positive reviews and <mask>'s

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Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins
Sally Hawkins
Sally Hawkins
Hawkins
Hawkins


texts: performances were met with critical acclaim. Regarding her performance in Made In Dagenham, Roger Ebert wrote that "[<mask>] shows an effortless lightness of being" while Xan Brooks of The Guardian remarked that "<mask> gives a winning performance". In October 2010, she appeared on Broadway as Vivie in Mrs. Warren's Profession at the American Airlines Theatre. In 2011 she had a supporting role in the film adaptation of Jane Eyre, and was the female lead in the romantic comedy film Love Birds. In 2012, she and Rafe Spall co-starred in the play Constellations at the Royal Court Theatre and later Duke of York's Theatre. The play was met with positive reviews and won the best play category at the Evening Standard Theatre Awards. She also had a small role as Mrs Joe in the 2012 adaption of Great Expectations.In 2013, <mask> starred opposite Cate Blanchett and was directed by Woody Allen for the second time in the critically acclaimed film Blue Jasmine, a role for which she received her first Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress, as well as nods for the BAFTA, the Golden Globe and other accolades. The same year she starred in All Is Bright alongside Paul Giamatti and Paul Rudd, and had a small appearance as a receptionist in the Richard Ayoade film The Double. In 2014, she appeared in Godzilla as Dr Vivienne Graham, a scientist assisting Dr Ishiro Serizawa, played by Ken Watanabe. Godzilla received positive reviews and grossed over $529 million to become <mask>'s most seen film to that point. She reprised the role in 2019's Godzilla: King of the Monsters, which grossed $177 million in its opening weekend and subsequently became one of the highest-grossing films of 2019. She also co-starred with John Hawkes and Michael Cera in the Charlie Kaufman television pilot How and Why, which was not picked up. <mask> portrayed

masks: Hawkins Hawkins Hawkins Hawkins Hawkins


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 the mother of Asa Butterfield's character in the drama film X+Y, which premiered at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival.In November 2014, she portrayed Mrs Brown in the critically acclaimed Paddington. The film is based on the children's books by Michael Bond where Paddington, an anthropomorphic bear who migrates from the jungles of Peru to the streets of London, is adopted by the Brown family. <mask> reprised her role as Mrs Brown for the sequel, Paddington 2 (2017), which also received acclaim. In 2017 she appeared in the Guillermo del Toro film The Shape of Water, as Elisa Esposito, a mute woman who falls in love with a captured humanoid amphibian creature. She received widespread acclaim for her performance. Matthew Norman of London Evening Standard called it a career defining performance. Mark Kermode of The Guardian called her "sublime," Mihir Fadnavis of Firstpost called it a "winning performance," while Ann Horaday writing for The Washington Post stated that "<mask> delivers a beautiful performance".<mask> earned nominations for the Academy Award, Golden Globe Award, BAFTA Award and SAG Award for Best Actress. The film itself won Best Picture at the 90th Academy Awards. Filmography

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1976 births
20th-century English actresses
21st-century English actresses
Actresses from London
Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
Audiobook narrators
Best Actress Genie and Canadian Screen Award winners
Best Musical or Comedy Actress Golden Globe (film) winners
English film actresses
English people of Irish descent
English radio actresses
English stage actresses
English television actresses
English voice actresses
Living people
People educated at James Allen's Girls' School
People from Dulwich
Silver Bear for Best Actress winners
People from Blackheath,

masks:
Hawkins
Sally Hawkins
Hawkins


texts: <mask> (born 12 November 1955) is a former Indonesian politician, presently serving a 15 year jail sentence for corruption. He was chairman of Golkar Party and speaker of the People's Representative Council (Indonesian: Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, DPR) until his arrest in 2017 for corruption. Born in Bandung, he entered politics in 1998 after a business career and became a member of the People's Representative Council following the 1999 general election. After he was re-elected for a third time in the 2014 general election, won by the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle, he was appointed DPR (Parliament) Speaker by the majority opposition coalition. Born to Sewondo Mangunratsongko and Julia Maria Sulastri, his parents divorced when he was in elementary school and he went to live with his mother. He moved back to Surabaya for higher education, and studied accounting management at Widya Mandala Catholic University. While at university, he became involved in several businesses, from selling rice and honey, to founding a company with the son of a banker, being hired by a Suzuki car dealership as a salesman, and becoming a model.After graduating from university, he worked for worked for PT Anindya Cipta Perdana, which was owned by his former classmate and future minister Hayono Isman. After the business failed, <mask> returned to Jakarta and stayed at Hayono’s house, eventually becoming the personal driver of the Hayono family. In Jakarta, <mask> studied accounting at Trisakti University and opened a photocopying service near the campus to support himself. In 1991, he was appointed to lead PT Citra Permatasakti Persada, by President Suharto’s eldest daughter, Siti Hardiyanti Hastuti ‘Tutut’

masks:
Setya Novanto
Setya
Setya


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 Rukmana, a company which was selected by police to make Indonesian driving licenses in the 1990s. In 1992, he was appointed by Elsye Sigit, the wife of Suharto’s oldest son Sigit Harjojudanto, to become involved in PT Solusindo Mitra Sejati, a company that was given a contract to computerize the system for making Indonesian identity cards. <mask> also chaired a committee that produced a 1996 book titled President Suharto's Management as Narrated by 17 Ministers (Manajemen Presiden Soeharto dalam Penuturan 17 Menteri). In 1998, <mask> became vice-treasurer of Golkar's central organization, and the following year was elected to the People's Representative Council, beginning his political career.However, his political career was plagued by corruption scandals. He resigned as DPR speaker in late 2015 amid an ethics investigation, but the following year, he was appointed chairman of Golkar, switched the party's allegiance to the governing coalition, and was reappointed DPR speaker in November 2016. Despite facing multiple allegations of corruption, he did not face trial until implicated in the embezzlement of funds from a national electronic ID card program. Following his arrest by the Corruption Eradication Commission in November 2017, he resigned as DPR speaker for a second time and was later removed as Golkar chairman. He was sentenced to 15 years in jail in April 2018. Since then, he has often left jail, purportedly for medical examinations, although he was once spotted at a shopping center. Early life, education and career
The fifth of eight children, <mask> <mask> was born on 12 November 1955 in the West Java capital of Bandung to Sewondo Mangunratsongko and Julia Maria Sulastri.After he

masks: Setya Setya Setya Novanto


texts: completed kindergarten, his family moved to the East Java capital of Surabaya, where he commenced elementary school. His parents later divorced, with his father remaining in Surabaya, while his mother and the children moved to Jakarta in 1967. His mother made a living by selling cakes from door to door. Setya attended Tebet Junior High School 73 (1967–70) and then Senior High School 9 in South Jakarta (1970–73). After high school, Setya moved back to Surabaya for higher education, but he reportedly refused to stay with his father and instead stayed with friends. He studied accounting management at Widya Mandala Catholic University. He sold honey and rice to support himself, starting with capital of just Rp82,500 and growing to running two trucks selling rice delivered from Lamongan regency.He also operated a stall at the city’s Keputren Market but reportedly fell afoul of dishonest partners. While still a student, <mask> founded a company called Mandar Teguh with Hartawan, the son of the director of Bank Rakyat Indonesia for Surabaya. He was hired by a Suzuki dealership as a car salesman for the Eastern Indonesia region. He also worked as a model and was awarded the title of Most Handsome Man of Surabaya in 1975. After graduating from university in 1979, Setya worked for PT Anindya Cipta Perdana, a company variously described as a distributor of fertilizer, cement and building materials for East Nusa Tenggara province. The company was owned by Setya’s former high school classmate, Hayono Isman, who would later become youth affairs and sports minister under president Suharto. PT Anindya Cipta Perdana reportedly failed after two years, but it led to <mask>'s long-running involvement with East

masks: Setya Setya


texts: Nusa Tenggara, which he would later represent as a legislator for four terms for Golkar Party.He was reported to be a frequent donor to churches and farmers on his visits to the province, but environmentalists accused him of exploiting local people for his financial benefit. <mask> returned to Jakarta in 1979 and stayed at Hayono’s Menteng house. According to Leo Nababan, a deputy secretary general of Golkar, <mask> became the personal driver of the Hayono family. In Jakarta, <mask> studied accounting at Trisakti University and opened a photocopying service near the campus to support himself. <mask>’s business career took off after he married Luciana Lily Herliyanti, the daughter of West Java Police deputy chief Brigadier General Sudharsono. He started managing his in-laws’ gas station in Cikokol, Tangerang, then branched out into livestock, contracting, buying and selling paper and textiles, and developing hotels and golf courses. His business interests were spread across Jakarta, Batam and Kupang.As a businessman, <mask> proved adept at lobbying and networking, especially among people close to officials, from aides to personal secretaries and subordinates. He was also comfortable carrying the bags of high-ranking military officers, such as General Wismoyo Arismunandar. This gave him entry to the elite community of Indonesian sports organizations, which were dominated by senior military officials and tycoons. In 1986, <mask> completed the Nagoya Plaza Hotel project on Batam Island. Seeking more capital for a bigger resort, he tried to approach Suharto’s cousin, tycoon Sudwikatmono. <mask> reportedly spent days at a parking lot, from 6am to 10pm, trying to speak to Sudwikatmono, who finally

masks: Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya


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 decided to give him a chance. Their partnership led to the opening in 1989 of the Talvas Golf and Country Club (later redeveloped as the Palm Springs Golf & Beach Resort), a 400-hectare golf course and resort on Batam that cost $100 million.This was followed by more resorts and hotels, and telecommunications and satellite projects. From 1995 to 1996, <mask> was chairman of Bamuhas Kosgoro, one of Golkar's constituent organizations. He was treasurer of the National Sports Committee of Indonesia from 1995 to 2003. Dealings with Suharto family

Setya first met Suharto in 1989 at the opening of the Talvas golf course on Batam. In 1991, Suharto’s eldest daughter, Siti Hardiyanti Hastuti ‘Tutut’ Rukmana appointed <mask> to lead PT Citra Permatasakti Persada (CPP), a company selected by police to make Indonesian driving licenses from 1992 to 1998. Of the official fee of Rp52,500 per license, Rp48,500 was allocated to CCP and the remaining Rp4,000 to the state treasury. In 1992, Rp48,500 was equivalent to $24.The State Audit Agency (BPK) recorded that from October 1992 to March 1998, PT CPP produced 16,575,710 licenses. The cost of producing a license at that time was put at Rp11,000. In 1992, Elsye Sigit, the wife of Suharto’s oldest son Sigit Harjojudanto, appointed Setya to become involved in PT Solusindo Mitra Sejati (SMS), a company that was in February 1993 given a contract to computerize the system for making Indonesian identity cards. Data for ID cards had previously been entered on typewriters, enabling some individuals to hold multiple cards. An agreement between PT SMS and the Home Affairs Ministry was signed in February 1993. It was temporarily suspended by Home Affairs Minister Yogie


texts:
 Suardi Memet amid claims that some parties had been excluded from the deal. When the deal resumed, proposed fees in 1995 for identity cards, family cards, birth certificates and death certificates were raised between 100% and 350%.<mask> chaired a committee that produced a 1996 book titled President Suharto's Management as Narrated by 17 Ministers (Manajemen Presiden Soeharto dalam Penuturan 17 Menteri). He said the book was the result of two years of hard work and he hoped it would inspire Indonesia's younger generation to emulate the science and art of Suharto's management style. Political career

In 1998, <mask> became vice-treasurer of Golkar's central organization, and the following year was elected to the People's Representative Council representing Indonesia-occupied East Timor. He had a difficult year as East Timor voted for independence and he was caught up in a corruption scandal. In 2004, <mask> was re-elected to the legislature as a representative from West Timor. He was re-elected in 2009, representing the same area, and became head of the Golkar Party faction in the legislature. He also became a member of House Commission III, which discusses legal affairs and laws, human rights and security issues.In 2014, <mask> was elected for a fourth time, still representing Timor, and was selected as speaker of Indonesia's House of Representatives by the opposition Koalisi Merah Putih, which initially controlled the parliament. After being caught on tape demanding shares from Freeport Indonesia, <mask> resigned as House speaker on 16 December 2015, shortly after a House committee ruled his actions had violated House ethics. <mask> was elected chairman of Golkar Party at its 15–17 May 2016

masks: Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya


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 party conference. He then announced that Golkar was now supporting the government of President Joko 'Jokowi' Widodo, despite having backed Jokowi’s rival, Prabowo Subianto, in the 2014 presidential election. In mid-November 2016, despite having been angered by <mask>'s use of his name in the demand for Freeport shares, President Jokowi invited <mask> to the State Palace for a meeting. Golkar subsequently decided to reinstate <mask> as House speaker, and he was officially re-appointed on 30 November 2016. On 9 December 2017, it was reported that <mask> had resigned as House speaker ahead of his corruption trial.He nominated Golkar politician Azis Syamsuddin as his successor. Deputy House Speaker Fadli Zon on 11 December said <mask>'s resignation had been accepted by a meeting of the House's Deliberation Council but a successor was yet to be selected. Legislators said the House had received <mask>'s resignation letters on 4 December and 6 December, and the meeting of the Deliberation Council had decided Golkar Party's House faction should handle the matter of a replacement. Golkar on 13 December 2017 replaced <mask> with Airlangga Hartarto as party chairman. <mask>'s replacement in the legislative body was sworn in on 31 October 2018. Trump rally
In September 2015, <mask> visited New York to attend the Fourth World Conference of Speakers of Parliament. He and some fellow Indonesian legislators, including Fadli Zon, then had a half hour business meeting with Donald Trump and joined one of his campaign rallies at Trump Tower in New York.Their presence was arranged by Trump’s Indonesian business partner, Hary Tanoesoedibjo. After appearing to wrap up the rally, Trump returned to the podium with

masks: Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya


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 <mask> in hand. “Ladies and gentlemen, this is a very, an amazing man,” declared Trump. “He is, as you know, right, Speaker of the House of Indonesia. He’s here to see me. <mask> Novantno [sic]. One of the most powerful men and a great man and his whole group is here to see me today and we will do great things for the United States.”

Some Indonesian legislators later demanded sanctions against <mask> and Fadli for appearing to take sides in the US presidential election while on an official visit.The pair were investigated by the House Honor Council, but they skipped three ethics hearings. Despite their repeated refusal to attend the hearings, the pair were merely given a reprimand for having publicly endorsed Trump. Controversies
Setya has been linked to numerous corruption cases but was never prosecuted until December 2017. Bank Bali scandal

In 1999, Setya was involved in the Bank Bali scandal. The Indonesian Bank Restructuring Agency (IBRA) in February 1999 colluded with Golkar Party officials to force Bank Bali chief Rudy Ramli to pay a commission of Rp546 billion to Era Giat Prima (EGP) in order to collect Rp904 billion owed by three banks taken over by IBRA. The money was then paid out in more than 150 transfers to top politicians and legislators, partly in an effort to buy votes for the re-election of then-president B.J. Habibie.<mask> was the president director of EGP and the deputy treasurer of Golkar, and part of Habibie’s re-election team. After the scandal broke, <mask> was not prosecuted. Instead, prosecutors focused on EGP director Djoko Tjandra, an ethnic Chinese Indonesian. An investigation into <mask>’s role was terminated by then-attorney general M.A. Rachman, who was known


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 to be close to Golkar Party. Rice smuggling
In 2003, Setya's company PT Hexatama Finindo imported 60,000 tons of rice from Vietnam but paid customs duty on only 900 tons after paperwork was allegedly falsified. The case caused state losses of Rp28.5 billion and was examined by the Attorney General’s Office in 2006, but <mask> was questioned only once and not prosecuted.Instead, his fellow Golkar legislator, Nurdin Halid, who had ordered the rice, was sentenced to two years and six months in jail. Toxic waste imports
In 2004, about 1,000 tons of hazardous waste listed as fertilizer was shipped from Singapore to Indonesia’s Galang Island by PT Asia Pasific Eco Lestari, which was previously owned by Setya. He denied involvement despite reports he was a signatory of the transaction. The incident sparked a diplomatic row with protesters attacking the Singapore Embassy in Jakarta. The company’s director, Rudi Alfonso, received a six-month jail sentence. National Games scandal
In 2012, Setya and another Golkar legislator allegedly received Rp9 billion in bribes from the then-governor Riau province, Rusli Zainal, in return for facilitating the release of state budget funds for graft-ridden National Games projects. Rusli was sentenced to 14 years in jail.Setya denied any knowledge of the matter when questioned by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). East Java election fraud
In 2014, Setya was linked to a corruption case involving former Constitutional Court chief Akil Mochtar, who was sentenced to life imprisonment for fixing the results of disputed elections. Local media alleged that Setya helped to pay to uphold the victory of Golkar’s candidate in the 2009 East Java gubernatorial election.


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 He denied any involvement. Fuel depot
In 2015, Setya sent a letter demanding that state oil and gas company Pertamina pay allegedly inflated costs for use of a fuel terminal, PT Orbit Terminal Merak, owned by his crony, oil trade kingpin Riza Chalid. Freeport shares
In June 2015, in one of the biggest corruption scandals in the history of Indonesia, Setya was recorded by Freeport Indonesia President-Director Maroef Sjamsoeddin allegedly attempting to extort 20 percent of shares (worth USD 4 billion) in the company in exchange for an extension of its contract to manage the Grasberg mine in Papua. He claimed to be acting for President Joko Widodo and Vice President Jusuf Kalla.He also mentioned the name of then-presidential chief-of-staff Luhut Binsar Panjaitan during phone calls with Sjamsoeddin. <mask> later claimed this request for shares was only a joke. Both Maroef and Indonesian  Energy minister Sudirman Said, gave testimony to a House Ethics Panel set up to investigate the allegations against <mask>, who subsequently reported Sudirman Said to the police for defamation. The proceedings were televised live and attracted a large audience. <mask> resigned as House speaker on 16 December 2015 shortly before the committee voted to dismiss him. The Attorney General's Office began an investigation into the case, but it was never completed. <mask> subsequently petitioned the Constitutional Court for a review of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law.The court ruled that only recordings made by law enforcement officials were admissible as evidence in court. Therefore, as Maroef was a private individual, the recording he made could not be used to prosecute <mask>. Electronic ID card

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 (E-KTP) scandal
In 2013, <mask> was accused of demanding a 10 percent fee from the owner of a company that won a contract to produce electronic ID cards. He denied the charges. On 10 April 2017, the KPK banned <mask> from leaving Indonesia for six months after linking him to the case. The following day, KPK investigator Novel Baswedan was blinded in one eye in an acid attack. Setya urged the public not to jump to conclusions.He claimed the attack was not only against Novel and KPK, but against "us, the Indonesian people and nation fighting against corruption". In July 2017, the KPK named <mask> a suspect in the Rp2.3 trillion electronic ID card corruption case. On 4 September 2017, <mask> filed a pretrial motion with South Jakarta District Court to challenge his status as a corruption suspect. He was summoned by KPK for interrogation on 11 September 2017 but failed to appear on the grounds of poor health. A team of doctors from the House of Representatives examined him the following day and claimed he was suffering vertigo as a result of playing ping-pong. On 27 September 2017, a plenary meeting of Golkar recommended he be temporarily suspended as party chairman because his status as a corruption suspect had harmed the party. On 29 September 2017, South Jakarta District Court accepted <mask>'s pretrial motion and rescinded his status as a suspect.In response, the KPK on 31 October again named him a suspect in the case. <mask>'s lawyer said he would seek protection from the president, the military and the police, if the KPK tries to summon his client. He asserted that under Indonesia's constitution, members of parliament have immunity and cannot be touched. 2017 staged car crash
On 15 November


texts: 2017, <mask> failed to appear at KPK's office for questioning and instead attended a plenary meeting of the House of Representatives. KPK officers went to his Jakarta residence at 9.38pm with a warrant for his arrest, but he was not at home and was later declared a fugitive. According to his lawyer, Fredrich Yunadi, <mask> was outside Jakarta and returned on 16 November to the House of Representatives, where he called a Metro TV reporter, Hilman Mattauch, to come and interview him. A subsequent interview, relayed via a telephone call to Metro TV, was reportedly conducted in a black Toyota Fortuner vehicle owned and driven by Hilman.The two were accompanied in the car by <mask>'s aide, Reza, who is a senior police inspector. During the interview, <mask> denied any wrongdoing and said he was being oppressed by KPK, so he was seeking another judicial review and asking the president for legal protection. According to his lawyer, <mask> then requested to be driven to the KPK office to comply with its summons, but Hilman wanted to take him to Metro TV studios. During the drive, the vehicle mounted a sidewalk alongside a canal on Permata Hijau Street and reportedly scraped the side of a tree before hitting a power pole. An unidentified vehicle stopped and took <mask> to Medika Permata Hijau Hospital. Hilman and Reza, who were seated in the front of the vehicle, were not injured. <mask>'s lawyer told reporters that <mask> was unconscious and seriously injured, sustaining a lump the size of a bakpao (steamed bun) to his head and bleeding.Police later examined the car and found no traces of blood. An investigation found the car was traveling at 50 km/h on the street but had slowed to 21 km/h when it

masks: Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya


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 hit the power pole. Golkar Party official Mahyudin, who visited <mask> at the hospital on 17 November, denied <mask> had sustained a bakpao-sized lump to the head. He said there was bruising to his left temple and a scratch on his left cheek. He said <mask> told him he had intended to meet some Golkar officials at Jakarta's Mandarin Hotel so they could accompany him to the KPK office, but then the car accident occurred. Police said Hilman claimed the accident occurred because he was tired and had been talking on his phone and talking to <mask>. On 17 November, <mask> was transferred to Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.His lawyer claimed that if <mask> were not evacuated to Singapore for treatment, he could lose his memory. Many Indonesian netizens ridiculed the "accident" by sharing memes that expressed sympathy for the power pole. The Indonesian media also ran mocking headlines, such as TRIBUNews.com's "Here's the Clarification from the Electricity Pole that was the Victim of <mask> <mask>'s Car Collision". Police declared Hilman a suspect for negligent driving. Hilman had served as Coordinator of Parliamentary Journalists from 2014-2016, a position that enabled him to become close to <mask>. Fredrich rejected rumors that <mask> had given Hilman an apartment and a car, saying, “If he's a girl maybe yes, unfortunately he's a guy, a fat guy, so who would want him, right?”

Arrest, second pre-trial motion
On 17 November 2017, KPK announced it had officially arrested <mask> as a suspect in the E-KTP scandal. His lawyer said a "sick" person should not be arrested.On 19 November, he was transferred to the KPK detention center after doctors ruled him fit for questioning. He arrived in a wheelchair but

masks: Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Novanto Setya Setya Setya