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 Championships in Glasgow Belyavskiy competed on all six events in the team final to help the Russian team to finish in 4th place. In the all around final he placed 11th with a score of 88.031 after a fall on vault. 2016
At the 2016 Russian National Championships Belyavskiy won a gold medal with his team. After the first day he was leading the all around competition with a score of 90.367 however on the second day he suffered multiple falls and mistakes to place 4th score 86.266, giving him a total of 176.633 to win the bronze medal behind Nikolai Kuksenkov and Nikita Nagornyy. He defended his national title on the parallel bars, winning for the 5th consecutive year.In May, Belyavskiy competed at the 2016 European Championships. In qualifying he competed on every event except rings to help Russia qualify in first place to the team final, as well as qualifying himself to four event finals: floor, pommel horse, parallel bars and high bar. In the team final, Belyavskiy again competed on every event except rings, scoring a 15.166 on floor, a 15.433 on pommel horse, 15.233 on vault, 15.933 on parallel bars and 14.733 on high bar, helping Russia to win team gold with a score of 271.378, nearly 3 points ahead of Great Britain. In event finals he became European champion on parallel bars with a score of 16.033, ahead of 2014 world champion Oleg Verniaiev. He also won bronze on high bar (14.941), silver on pommel horse (15.233) and placed 4th on floor (15.200), making him the most decorated gymnast at the European Championships. He was also awarded the Longines Prize for Elegance. On August 6–16, Belyavskiy then competed


type: original

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 with the Russian team (together with Ivan Stretovich, Denis Ablyazin, Nikolai Kuksenkov and Nikita Nagornyy) at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro.The Russian team qualified in 3rd place to the team final, with Belyavskiy also qualifying in 3rd place to the all around, 8th place to the pommel horse final and 2nd place to the parallel bars final. In the team final he contributed scores of 14.666 on floor, 15.500 on pommel horse, 15.033 on vault, 15.800 on parallel bars and 14.958 on horizontal bar towards the Russian team's silver medal- the first Olympic team medal for Russia since 2000, and the first team medal for Russia since the 2006 World Championships. They won silver with a score of 271.452 points, 0.331 points ahead of China, who were the defending Olympic champions. In the all around final Belyavskiy finished in 4th place with a score of 90.498, only 0.143 behind bronze medalist Max Whitlock. In the pommel horse final he finished in 5th place with a score of 15.400, and in the parallel bars final he won the bronze medal with a score of 15.783, behind former world champions Oleg Verniaiev and Danell Leyva. 2017
Belyavskiy was not initially planning to compete in the 2017 Russian National Championships due to kidney stone problems, however he decided to compete anyway. He did not compete in the all around competition, showing routines on every event except rings in the qualification round.Balyavskiy was unable to defend his nation title on parallel bars as he did not qualify for the event final, however he did win his first national titles on pommel horse, with a score of 14.3, and high bar, with


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 a score of 13.8. He also placed 5th in the floor final with a score of 13.5. Belyavskiy was then named to the team for the 2017 European Championships. At these championships, Belavskiy performed well, winning gold on the pommel horse, getting bronze on the horizontal bar, and placing fourth on the parallel bars. 2018
Belyavskiy competed in the 2018 Russian National Championships, winning individual gold on pommel horse, silver on the all-around, still rings and high bar, and bronze on the team event. He also placed fourth on the individual floor exercise event. He also competed at the 2018 European Championships, securing the team bronze medal as part of the Russian squad while capturing individual the silver medal on parallel bars and placing fourth on pommel horse.Lastly, at the 2018 Artistic Gymnastics World Championships in Doha, Qatar, Belyavskiy took the team silver medal as part of the Russian squad, and finished in seventh place on the individual pommel horse event. 2019
In June, Belyavskiy competed at the European Games in Minsk, Belarus. He placed first all-around, eighth on floor exercise, fifth on high bar, fourth on parallel bars, first on pommel horse, and eighth on rings. In October, Belyavskiy was part of the Russian gold-medal-winning squad who won the all-around team event gold medal at the 2019 Artistic Gymnastics World Championships in Stuttgart, Germany. He also placed eighth in the individual pommel horse event final. 2021
Belyavskiy competed at the Russian Championships where he finished third in the all-around behind Aleksandr Kartsev and Artur Dalaloyan. He was selected to compete at


texts:
 the upcoming European Championships.He qualified to the all-around, pommel horse, parallel bars, and horizontal bar event finals. During the all-around final he finished second behind compatriot Nikita Nagornyy. During event finals he won gold on horizontal bar, silver on parallel bars behind Ferhat Arıcan, and placed sixth on pommel horse. Belyavskiy next competed at the Russian Cup where he won gold on pommel horse and parallel bars. Afterwards he was selected to represent the Russian Olympic Committee at the 2020 Summer Olympics alongside Denis Ablyazin, Artur Dalaloyan, and Nikita Nagornyy. At the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo Belyavskiy helped the team qualify to the team final in third place and individually qualified to the pommel horse and parallel bars event finals; he finished tenth in the all-around qualification but did not advance to the final due to Nagornyy and Dalaloyan placing higher. During the team final Belyavskiy competed on three events and helped the team finish first with a combined score of 262.500; this was the first team Olympic gold medal for Russian athletes in 25 years.On 11 September, he along with his Olympic Team were awarded with Order of Friendship by President Vladimir Putin. Competitive history

See also
List of Olympic male artistic gymnasts for Russia

References

External links

 <mask>y at sportgymrus.ru

1992 births
Living people
Russian male artistic gymnasts
Gymnasts at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Gymnasts at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Gymnasts at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic gymnasts of Russia
Gymnasts at the 2015 European Games
European Games medalists in


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 gymnastics
European Games gold medalists for Russia
European Games silver medalists for Russia
European Games bronze medalists for Russia
People from Votkinsk
Olympic gold medalists for the Russian Olympic Committee athletes
Olympic gold medalists for Russia
Olympic silver medalists for Russia
Olympic bronze medalists for Russia
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Universiade medalists in gymnastics
Ural State University alumni
Universiade gold medalists for Russia
Universiade silver medalists for Russia
Universiade bronze medalists for Russia
Gymnasts at the 2019 European Games
Medalists at the 2013 Summer Universiade
Originators of elements in artistic gymnastics
European champions in


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<mask> (born March 25, 1954 in Detroit, Michigan, United States) is an American session bassist, best known for his work with Stevie Wonder from the 1970s to the present. He has served as Stevie Wonder's musical director since 1994. Biography
Born in Detroit, <mask> started playing the trumpet while he was still in elementary school, inspired by Lee Morgan. <mask> was part of a trio that featured other future prominent session musicians Ray Parker Jr. on clarinet and drummer Ollie Brown and frequented Motown's Hitsville Studios to attend rehearsals and recordings of The Funk Brothers, the base-band of the label. When Parker abandoned the clarinet in favor of the guitar, he convinced <mask> to switch to bass, which was the first thing that he did after graduating from high school in 1972. With his first instrument, a National Bass, <mask> learned "Cold Sweat" by James Brown, and soon began to study the lines of other great bassists such as James Jamerson, Chuck Rainey, and Bob Babbitt. When Ray Parker Jr. joined Marvin Gaye's band, <mask> joined a local group called the Final Decision, with the intention of studying accounting, if his career as a musician failed.In August 1974, <mask> received a call to work with Stevie Wonder, in replacement of Reggie McBride, who had joined Rare Earth. At the time, <mask> had only been playing bass for two years. After being selected as the official bassist of the band, <mask> took part in the Japanese tour of 1975, and then began recording the album Songs in the Key of Life. <mask> says throughout his career with Wonder that he recorded bass tracks on many demos that

masks:
Nathan Lamar Watts
Nathan Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts


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 Wonder replaced with his own keyboard bass for the final versions. This method was employed for “Knocks Me Off My Feet″ and ″Isn't She Lovely″. From that moment on, <mask>'s career has continued to develop, both alongside Stevie Wonder and with many other artists. Style and valuation
<mask> grew up listening to the Funk Brothers as well as other musicians such as Jimi Hendrix, Deep Purple, Rare Earth, Mahogany Rush, and Steppenwolf.In terms of his three main influences as a bassist, <mask> lists James Jamerson, Chuck Rainey and Joseph "Lucky" Scott, bassist of Curtis Mayfield. Technically, his style is characterized by the use of three fingers of the right hand, the strong attack that prints the notes, as well as the frequent use of techniques of palm mute, hammer on, trills and slides. The musician has developed an important career along with Stevie Wonder, with whom he has recorded some songs that would become classics for lovers: "I Wish", "As", "I Ain't Gonna Stand for It" and "Do I Do" are among <mask> top favorite bass lines. More than 36 years in the service of Stevie Wonder – along with being the musical director of the band for 12 years – he earned in 2010 the International Bassist Award from the Winter NAMM Show, an award that recognizes the achievements of the musician throughout his career. Gear
<mask> has used his 1974 Fender Precision Bass and his 1979 Music Man StingRay as main instruments throughout his career. He has also used a Fender Jazz Bass and Yamaha, Aria, and B.C. Rich (four and five string) bass and Roland G-88.On the road he currently switches between Bossa 4 and 5 string

masks:
Nathan Watts
Nathan Watts
Watts
Watts
Nathan Watts


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 basses for a modern tone. In the studio he uses Alleva-Coppolo basses (a LG-5 Classic Crewes of five strings with and without frets). He also uses Elixir Nanowebs, and Hartke Hydrive amplifiers and LH1000 heads. Before he became an endorser for Hartke, he had previously used a National amplifier and SWR amplifiers. 1 – Diana Ross
 1980 – Let's Get Serious – Jermaine Jackson
 1980 – 10½ – The Dramatics
 1980 – Eight for the Eighties – Webster Lewis
 1980 – From the Gitgo – Donnie Elbert
 1980 – Jose Feliciano – José Feliciano
 1980 – La Toya Jackson – LaToya Jackson
 1980 – The Longest Road – Seals & Crofts
 1980 – Motown Superstar Series, Vol. 13 – Gladys Knight
 1980 – Special Things – The Pointer Sisters
 1980 – Triumph – The Jacksons
 1981 – Black & White - The Pointer Sisters
 1981 – Give Me Your Love – Sylvia Striplin
 1981 – Motown Superstar Series, Vol. 11 – Martha & the Vandellas
 1981 – The Way I Am – Billy Preston
 1982 – Diana's Duets – Diana Ross
 1982 – Lionel Richie – Lionel Richie
 1982 – Love Conquers All – Michael Wycoff
 1982 – Reunion – The Temptations
 1982 – So Excited – The Pointer Sisters
 1982 – Silk Electric – Diana Ross
 1983 – Baby Sister – June Pointer
 1983 – Best of Reggae Sunsplash, Vol.2 – VVAA
 1983 – Bet Cha Say That to All the Girls – Sister Sledge
 1983 – Bossa Nova Hotel – Michael Sembello
 1983 – Break Out (Pointer Sisters album) – The Pointer Sisters
 1983 – Robbery – Teena Marie
 1983 – Standing on the One – Jon Gibson
 1983 – Pipes of Peace – Paul McCartney
 1984 – Mwana – Grady Harrell
 1986 – Brasil 88 – Sergio Mendes
 1989 – Come Play with Me – Grady Harrell


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 1989 – True Spirit – Ronnie Laws
 1989 – Working Girl – Original Soundtrack
 1990 – Brasil 88: The Sound, The Music – VVAA
 1991 – Force Behind the Power – Diana Ross
 1991 – Live in the Stuffenbau – Bobby Byrd
 1992 – All for Love – Timmy T
 1992 – Do I Ever Cross Your Mind? – George Howard
 1992 – Too Much, Too Little, Too Late – Johnny Mathis
 1993 – Contemporary Sounds of Nicholas, Vol. 1 – Nicholas
 1993 – The Storyteller – Vinx
 1994 – D2: The Mighty Ducks – Original Soundtrack
 1994 – On & On: The Hits of Stephen Bishop – Stephen Bishop
 1994 – A Tribute to Curtis Mayfield [Warner Bros.] – VVAA
 1994 – Corrina Corrina Original Soundtrack
 1994 – Emperors of Soul – The Temptations
 1995 – Faith – Lords of the Underground

References

External links
Official website
<mask> Interview NAMM Oral History Library (2019)

1954 births
Living people
American male bass guitarists
American session musicians
American rhythm and blues bass guitarists
African-American guitarists
American funk bass guitarists
American rock bass guitarists
Guitarists from Detroit
20th-century American bass guitarists
20th-century American male musicians
20th-century African-American musicians
21st-century African-American


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<mask> (June 2, 1938 – May 25, 2021) was an American political scientist, the director of the Middle East Institute and professor of political science at the National University of Singapore. He was also professor emeritus at Georgetown University, where he was professor of international relations since 1979 and Saif Ghobash Professor of Arab Studies since 1980 in the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service. While at Georgetown, <mask> served as director of the Center for Contemporary Arab Studies intermittently for over twenty years, most recently from 2007 to 2010. Education
<mask><mask> received his Bachelor of Arts from Swarthmore College in 1959 and his Master of Arts and Ph.D. in political science from Yale University in 1960 and 1964, respectively. In 1961, he received a Certificate in Arabic from Princeton University. While studying for his PhD at Yale, <mask> specialized in comparative politics and international relations with his advisor, the renowned political scientist Karl W. Deutsch. His dissertation was entitled "Political Change in Lebanon: 1943-1963," which would be the basis for his first book The Precarious Republic: Political Modernization in Lebanon.Career
While conducting fieldwork in Lebanon for his doctoral dissertation, <mask> taught history at the American Community School in Beirut from 1962-1963. Also while completing his doctoral degree, he served as an instructor at Swarthmore College, from 1963-1964. Upon completing his studies at Yale University, <mask> became Assistant Professor at Brooklyn College at the City University of New York, from 1964-1968, and then an Associate Professor (tenured), from 1968-1970. In 1970, he became Associate Professor in the School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) at the Johns Hopkins University. He remained at SAIS until 1975, when he co-founded the Center for Contemporary Arab Studies (CCAS) at Georgetown University with a distinguished group of

masks:
Michael Craig Hudson
Hudson
Michael C
. Hudson
Hudson
Hudson
Hudson


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 academics, including Hisham Sharabi, John Ruedy, Ibrahim Oweiss, Ambassador Clovis Maksoud, and Dean Peter F. Krogh. <mask> served as the director of CCAS from 1976-1989, and directed it again in 2000, 2003-2006, and 2007-2010. In 2010, <mask> became the director of the Middle East Institute (MEI) and professor of political science at the National University of Singapore (NUS).<mask> was the first director of MEI, which was founded in 2007 as an autonomous research institute within NUS. He continued to direct MEI. <mask> was also professor emeritus at Georgetown University. In January 2015, he was appointed the Kuwait Foundation Visiting Scholar at Harvard Kennedy School's Middle East Initiative. He was leading a study group at the Kennedy School on "Rethinking the Arab State: The Collapse of Legitimacy in Arab Politics." During the course of his career, <mask> served on numerous boards and committees related to the fields of political science and Middle East studies. He was a founding member of the Middle East Studies Association of North America, and served as president of the association from 1986 to 1987.He served on the editorial boards of the International Journal of Middle East Studies, the Journal of Arab Affairs, and Cambridge University Press's Middle East Library series. He also served as a manuscript evaluator for over a dozen academic journals. He was a member of the advisory board of the National Council on US-Arab Relations and the board of trustees of the American Institute for Pakistan Studies. Furthermore, he served as an external evaluator for Middle East studies programs at the University of Utah, the University of Virginia, and Kuwait University. He also served on committees within the Social Science Research Council and the American Council of Learned Societies. Academic work
In addition to his distinguished record of establishing and directing premier centers for Middle East studies (CCAS and

masks: Hudson Hudson Hudson Hudson Hudson


texts: MEI), <mask>  was an authoritative scholar of contemporary Middle East politics. His most notable contributions are on the problem of political legitimacy in the Arab world, as set out in his seminal work Arab Politics: The Search for Legitimacy.He identified and explored the legitimacy 'deficits' of various Arab governments, focusing on cultural, institutional, and leadership sources of legitimacy. He argued that the question of participation is key to legitimacy, an issue borne out by the Arab uprisings beginning in 2011. Further, new information technologies and social media have invigorated civil societies in these countries. <mask> also contributed to the scholarship on politics in divided societies, U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East, and regional integration and conflict in the Middle East. On politics in divided societies, he took Lebanon as an ongoing case study (see his book The Precarious Republic), critiquing the theory of consociationalism and advocating the deconstruction rather than the institutionalization of sectarianism in Lebanon and elsewhere in the region, despite the recent apparent resurgence of sectarian polarization. On U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East, <mask> contends that a Pax Americana for the Middle East is illusory, owing to the U.S.'s unbalanced approach to the Palestine-Israel conflict, the negative consequences of military interventions, and the failure to maintain soft power and capitalize on a legacy of goodwill. He asserts that "Imperial America" has been driven by dysfunctional domestic pressures and poor decision-making, and suggested that the so-called "American decline" in the Middle East might not be a bad thing for all concerned.Dealing with questions of regional integration and conflict in the greater Middle East, <mask> explored the interplay between 'rationalist' classical international relations theory approaches and 'sociological' approaches that focus on the

masks: Hudson Hudson Hudson Hudson


texts:
 domestic decision-making arena. Influenced in his academic training by Kenneth Waltz on the one hand and Karl W. Deutsch on the other, <mask> argued against theoretical stovepiping; understanding integrative and conflict tendencies requires acknowledgement of Waltz's 'third image' approach as well as Deutsch's 'social mobilization approach.' As a professor at Georgetown University and elsewhere, <mask> taught courses on comparative politics, international politics, comparative politics of the Middle East, Middle East international politics, Lebanese politics, Palestine and the Arab-Israeli conflict, an introduction to social science, networked cultures and networked politics, Yemeni politics, U.S. policy in the Middle East, and politics in divided societies. <mask> was frequently consulted by news organizations for interviews and guest appearances to discuss political developments in the Middle East. Furthermore, he regularly contributed to the media through opinion editorials and short essays. Some of these outlets include Al-Jazeera English, Jadaliyya, Foreign Policy, Singapore's Middle East Insights, The Washington Post, Lebanon's The Daily Star and Al-Mustaqbal, the International Herald Tribune, and others. Much of <mask>'s academic work was supported by competitive grants and fellowships.These included the Robert R. McCormick Fellowship from Yale University (1959–62), American Philosophical Society grants (1965 and 1968), the Harvard Center for International Affairs Fellowship (1965–66), a Guggenheim Fellowship (1975–76), and a Fulbright Senior Fellowship to Yemen in 1994. He was also the recipient of various honors and awards for his academic and administrative contributions to Middle East studies, including the "Jere L. Bacharach Service Award" from the Middle East Studies Association in 2011. Publications
Books

 Middle East Dilemma: The Politics and Economics of Arab Integration. Editor and Contributor. New


texts:
 York: Columbia University Press, 1999. The Palestinians: New Directions. Editor and Contributor.Washington: Georgetown University Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, 1990. Alternative Approaches to the Arab-Israeli Conflict. Editor and Contributor. Washington: Georgetown University Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, 1984. The American Media and the Arabs. Co-editor and Contributor. Washington: Georgetown University Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, 1980.The Arab Future: Critical Issues. Editor and Contributor. Washington: Georgetown University Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, 1978. Arab Politics: The Search for Legitimacy. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977. The World Handbook of Political and Social Indicators, 2nd. ed.Co-author. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1972. The Precarious Republic: Political Modernization in Lebanon. New York: Random House, 1968; a publication of the Harvard Center for International Affairs; reissued with new preface in 1985 by Westview Press, Boulder, CO. Scholarly Articles and Chapters

Hudson published chapters in over thirty academic books, and written around sixty articles and thirty book reviews for academic journals and trade publications. These publications include Middle East Policy, PS: Political Science and Politics, 'Comparative Politics, The Yale Law Journal, Middle East Insight, Middle East Journal, Arab Studies Quarterly, Journal of Refugee Studies, International Negotiation, Contention, Current History, Arab Studies Journal, Third World Quarterly, Journal of International Affairs, Journal of Palestine Studies, and various Arabic-language publications, among others. References

External links

American political scientists
Middle Eastern studies scholars
1938 births
2021 deaths
National University of Singapore faculty
Walsh School of Foreign Service faculty
Swarthmore College alumni
Yale University alumni
Brooklyn College faculty
Johns Hopkins University


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<mask> (born October 13, 1949, Enid, Oklahoma) is an American operatic soprano and an Oklahoma Music Hall of Fame inductee. She is also a Grammy Award-winning soprano who sang for 18 seasons as a leading spinto soprano at the Metropolitan Opera in New York. In her home state of Oklahoma, Ms <mask> has been awarded many honors. These include the Oklahoma Hall of Fame, the Oklahoma Music Hall of Fame, the Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame and the Oklahoma Jazz Hall of Fame. Her home town of Enid has a street named after her called <mask> Boulevard, as well as a Museum named in her honor called "The Leona <mask> Southern Heights Heritage Center and Museum". Governor Brad Henry of Oklahoma made her Oklahoma's State Cultural Ambassador. In late 2014, Miss <mask> was inducted into the Oklahoma African-American Hall of Fame.Early life and education
<mask> started singing at an early age in the choir of the Antioch Church of God in Christ in Enid, where her father, Reverend Dr. Hulon <mask>, was the Minister along with her mother, Dr. <mask>, who was the pianist. Leona is the tenth child of Hulon and <mask>; there were 15 children born to this union. Leona's mother went back to school, with her last two sons in high school, and became a Practical Nurse. Her brother Hulon Jr. was better known as Yahweh ben Yahweh, leader of the Nation of Yahweh cult. <mask> received a BA in music from Oklahoma City University and went on to graduate studies at The Juilliard School of Music in New York. Professional career
In 1973, she made her debut as Micaela in Georges Bizet's 1875 opera Carmen with the San Francisco Opera, subsequently she made her Metropolitan Opera debut in New York City on December 15, 1975 in the same role. She sang the role of Bess in the first complete recording of George Gershwin's Porgy and Bess from which she received a Grammy for "Best Opera Recording."Miss <mask> has contributed to several recordings, had many television appearances, and served as honorary chair for Black Heritage

masks:
Leona Mitchell
Mitchell
Leona Mitchell
Mitchell
Mitchell
Mitchell
Mitchell
Pearl Mitchell
Pearl Mitchell
Mitchell
Mitchell


texts: Month to the Oklahoma legislature. In 1988, <mask> <mask> performed the role of Liù from Turandot, directed by Italy's acclaimed movie producer Franco Zeffirelli, at the Metropolitan Opera. <mask> <mask> has collaborated with many great conductors, including Zubin Mehta, Lorin Maazel, James Levine, and Seiji Ozawa. She has had a long and illustrious career having sung at most of the world's best-known opera houses, including those in Paris, Sydney, Buenos Aires, London (Covent Garden), Vienna, Verona, Parma, Geneva, Bordeaux, Madrid, Marseilles, Toronto, Rio, San Francisco, Berlin, Hamburg, Chile, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Melbourne, Stuttgart, Chicago, Winnipeg, Rome (the Caracalla Baths), Giza in Egypt and at the Orange Festival in France. While singing in Paris, she was referred to by critics as "The Toast of Paris." <mask> was a leading soprano with the Metropolitan Opera of New York for 18 seasons. She essayed in many new productions: Ernani, Turandot, and Aida.Some other roles at the Met were: Micaela, Manon from Manon Lescaut, Leonora from La forza del destino and Il trovatore, Amelia from Un ballo in maschera, Delilah from Handel's Samson, Pamina, Madama Butterfly, Mimi and Musetta from La bohème, Lauretta, and Madame Lidoine in French and English. She has also appeared with major symphony orchestras including those in London, Japan, New York, Los Angeles, Israel, Chicago, Monte Carlo, Philadelphia, Edinburgh, Florence, Pittsburg and Cleveland. <mask> has performed recitals in Hong Kong, Australia, Japan, Spain, Canada,  Sardinia, Korea and all across the United States. <mask> also toured Japan with the Florence Opera and Zubin Mehta and Covent Garden. <mask> has performed for four U.S. Presidents: Ronald Reagan, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton and Vice President George Bush along with many dignitaries which include Prince Charles, Princess Anne, The Honourable Sandra Day O'Connor, and Bishop Desmond Tutu. On July 5, 1986, she performed in the New York Philharmonic

masks: Leona Mitchell Leona Mitchell Mitchell Mitchell Mitchell Mitchell


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 tribute to the 100th Anniversary of the Statue of Liberty, which was televised live from Central Park on ABC Television. She sang the aria 'Un bel dì vedremo' from Puccini's Madama Butterfly and the American spiritual He's Got the Whole World in His Hands.<mask> has appeared in a production with each one of the Three Tenors: Ernani with Luciano Pavarotti, Turandot with Plácido Domingo, and Carmen with José Carreras, each of which has been recorded on DVD. In addition, She has appeared on many televised broadcasts, including The Merv Griffin Show," The Dick Cavett Show, The Jerry Lewis Telethon, Good Morning America, CBS Night watch, The Charlie Rhodes Show, Public Television along with many PBS "Live from Lincoln Center Broadcasts","Live from the Met series" and The Kennedy Center Honors.She has received honorary doctorates from Oklahoma City University and the University of Oklahoma. In 1983, she was inducted into the Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame. Videography
 The Metropolitan Opera Centennial Gala, Deutsche Grammophon DVD, 00440-073-4538, 2009

References
Notes

Sources
Leona Mitchell Southern Heights Indian Museum website home page; information retrieved 20 September 2011. Pittman, Kitty, "<mask>, <mask> Pearl", Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture'', Oklahoma Historical Society. Shepherd, Kenneth R., Contemporary Black Biography: <mask> <mask>. The Gale Group, 2006.External links
Metropolitan Opera Archives Database
Leona <mask> Southern Heights Heritage Center and Museum. 1949 births
Living people
20th-century African-American women singers
20th-century American women opera singers
African-American women opera singers
American operatic sopranos
Baptists from Oklahoma
Chickasaw people
Enid High School alumni
Juilliard School alumni
Musicians from Enid, Oklahoma
Oklahoma City University alumni
Singers from Oklahoma
Classical musicians from Oklahoma
20th-century Native Americans
21st-century Native Americans
20th-century Native American women
21st-century Native American

masks: Mitchell Mitchell Leona Leona Mitchell Mitchell


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<mask> (; born June 30, 1981)  is a Finnish former mixed martial artist who competed in the strawweight division. She is currently signed with Invicta FC. Kankaanpää started martial arts training at her teens when she was 15 years old with Goju-ryu karate. Later she had interest about combat sports by training submission wrestling and other combat arts. <mask> leads the Nordic (all Skandinavia) strawweight rankings and Finnish women, all weight classes MMA rankings. On January 2, 2015 she was awarded 'Nordic Female Fighter of the Year'. The same month, Finnish sports journalists honored her as 'Sportswoman of 2014', category MMA.In addition to her career in MMA, the BJJ purple belt competes in submission wrestling and Brazilian jiu-jitsu tournaments. As of September 13, 2015 she retired from MMA. Mixed martial arts career
Her debut fight against Paulina Suska at Oulu Fight 2, was won by unanimous decision. In her next three fights versus Dalia Grakulskyte, Niina Aaltonen and Ekaterina Tarnavskaja Kankaanpää was able to achieve an untimely victory by submission or TKO. The next five fights went the whole distance with four unanimous decision wins against Karla Benitez, Mei Yamaguchi, Aisling Daly and Juliana Carneiro Lima. Only against Simona Soukupova she fought to a split draw. On May 17, 2014 Katja returned to the cage at Lappeenranta Fight Night 10 in Finland where she defeated Ukrainian Alyona Rassohyna via submission in round 2.This fight took place outside her InvictaFC contract. Invicta Fighting Championships
According to her manager, Kankaanpää took the fight against Daly in Cage Warriors to get Invicta's attention. Kankaanpää was offered a contract with Invicta Fighting Championships immediately after she

masks:
Katja Kankaanpää
Katja


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 emerged victorious from the fight with Daly. Invicta initially wanted longer deal, but eventually agreed with Kankaanpää and closed a three-fight contract in early 2013. She made her first fight for the organisation at Invicta FC 5: Penne vs. Waterson where she defeated Brazilian Juliana Carneiro Lima by unanimous decision. The first defeat of her career Kankaanpää suffered at Invicta FC 7 on December 7, 2013. In a close decision (29:28, 29:28, 29:28), she was defeated by Joanne Calderwood.On September 6, 2014 Kankaanpää fought for the vacant strawweight title against Stephanie Eggink at Invicta FC 8. She defeated Eggink via submission in round 5 and became the second InvictaFC strawweight Champion. The bout was named "Fight of the Night". On January 17, 2015 Invicta FC announced the prolonging of the contract for 3 more fights. <mask>'s first title defense took place at Invicta FC 12: Kankaanpää vs. Souza on April 24, 2015 in Kansas City, Missouri. After dominating the first three rounds, she got caught by Brazilian Lívia Renata Souza in the fourth in a  Triangle choke  and had to tap out. Kankaanpää fought DeAnna Bennett in Kansas City on September 12 in the co-main event of Invicta FC 14.Kankaanpää lost the fight via controversial unanimous decision and subsequently announced her retirement from MMA the following day. Championships and accomplishments

Mixed martial arts
Invicta Fighting Championships
Strawweight Champion (One time)
Fight of the Night (One time) vs. Stephanie Eggink
Awards
Nordic Female Fighter of the Year 2014
Sportswoman of 2014, category MMA

Personal life
<mask> is married; her maiden name was <mask> Kalliokoski. She studied electronic business and is currently working as a media person in

masks: Katja Katja Katja


texts: <mask> (July 21, 1935 – June 10, 2006) was an American professional baseball pitcher, best-remembered for throwing  scoreless innings of relief to win Game 1 of the 1966 World Series. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago Cubs, Milwaukee Braves, Cincinnati Reds, Kansas City Athletics, Baltimore Orioles, Kansas City Royals, St. Louis Cardinals, and Chicago White Sox. A noted practical joker, Drabowsky engaged in such antics as leaving snakes in teammates' lockers or phoning the opposing team's bullpen to tell a pitcher to warm up. He batted and threw right-handed. Born in Poland to a Jewish family, <mask> emigrated to America in 1938. He excelled as a pitcher in high school and college and was signed as a bonus baby by the Chicago Cubs. He debuted for the Cubs in 1956 and finished tied for second in the National League in strikeouts in his rookie season.In 1958, he gave up Stan Musial's 3,000th hit. An arm injury that year curtailed his effectiveness, and after a couple more seasons with the team, he was traded to the Milwaukee Braves. He played for the Braves, the Cincinnati Reds, and the Kansas City Athletics in 1961 and 1962 before remaining with the Athletics through the end of the 1965 season. During this period, he was sent to the minor leagues a few times, and while in the major leagues, he typically went back and forth between the starting rotation and the bullpen, except in 1963, the year he had his lowest earned run average (ERA) as a starter. <mask> also was the losing pitcher to Early Wynn in Wynn's 300th win that season. Following

masks:
Myron Walter Drabowsky
Drabowsky
Drabowsky


texts: the 1965 season, he was selected in the Rule 5 Draft by the Baltimore Orioles. Once in Baltimore, Drabowsky was used almost exclusively as a relief pitcher.After three starts in 1966, he would pitch only in relief the rest of his career. He became a part of one of the best bullpens in the major leagues and posted ERAs of 2.80, 1.60, and 1.91 during his first three years with the club. The Orioles won the American League (AL) pennant in 1966, and in Game 1 of the World Series, <mask> relieved an innefective Dave McNally with the bases loaded and one out in the third inning. Though he walked a batter to let in a run, he finished the inning with the Orioles leading 4–2, and he threw six scoreless innings after it to preserve the Game 1 victory. The Orioles would sweep the Los Angeles Dodgers in four games, making <mask> a World Series champion for the first time. <mask> was selected by the Kansas City Royals in the expansion draft after the 1968 season. He won their first game in franchise history and led the AL in wins for relief pitchers, with 11.In 1970, he was traded back to Baltimore, where he won his second World Series, this one against the Reds. He pitched for the St. Louis Cardinals in 1971 and 1972 before finishing out his career with the Chicago White Sox that year. After his career, <mask> worked for an envelope company and a communications firm until the 1980s, when increased salaries for coaches allowed him to support himself in baseball. He was the pitching coach for the White Sox in 1986, then for several of their minor league teams. Later, he

masks: Drabowsky Drabowsky Drabowsky Drabowsky


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 served as the pitching coach for the Cubs in 1994, before rejoining the Orioles as their minor league pitching instructor in Florida. He died June 10, 2006, at the age of 70. Early life
<mask> was born Miroslav Drabowski in Ozanna, a village in southern Poland, located near Leżajsk, and was Jewish.His mother was an American citizen. The two fled to the U.S. in 1938 when Adolf Hitler began mobilizing in Eastern Europe. His father joined them a year later, and the family settled in Wilson, Connecticut, a village in the town of Windsor, just north of Hartford. Growing up in Connecticut, <mask> was an avid Boston Red Sox fan. His favorite player was Bobby Doerr, and he wanted to be a second baseman too, but he was converted to a pitcher by his prep school coach, who observed he had a good arm. Drabowsky went to the Loomis Prep School, now Loomis Chaffee School, in Windsor where he had an 8–0 record with a no-hitter his senior year. He later attended Trinity College in Hartford, where he studied economics.He had an academic scholarship to study at the school until he started partying too much in a fraternity. While at Trinity, he studied economics and played for their varsity baseball team, with whom he also threw a no-hitter. He played summers in Canada, in the Halifax and District League, for the Truro Bearcats. While with Truro, he caught the eye of former Chicago Cubs shortstop Lenny Merullo in 1956, who signed him to play for the Cubs that year. Sources differ on the exact amount of the contract, but <mask> himself said it was for $75,000 ($ today). This made

masks: Moe Drabowsky Drabowsky


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 Drabowsky a bonus baby, meaning the Cubs would have to keep him in the major leagues for two full seasons or expose him to waivers. Baseball career

Chicago Cubs (1956–60)
<mask> made his major league debut on August 7, 1956, having just turned 21.He pitched a scoreless inning of relief in a 6–1 loss to the Milwaukee Braves. Eleven days later, pitching coach Dutch Leonard asked Drabowsky, "How would you like to do some throwing tonight?” "I'd like it," Drabowsky responded. “Then you’re starting against the Cardinals tonight.” Pitching into the eighth inning, Drabowsky held the St. Louis Cardinals to one run, picking up his first major league victory. He continued to make starts for the Cubs the rest of the year and finished the season with a 2–4 record, a 2.47 earned run average (ERA), and 36 strikeouts in 51 innings pitched. In 1957, <mask> was the Cubs' number two starter. He was 4–8 with a 5.04 ERA through July 4; after that, he went 9–7 the rest of the way, with a 2.51 ERA. Control problems affected him during the year, such as in a game against the Cincinnati Redlegs on June 2, when he hit four batters (including future teammate and Hall of Famer Frank Robinson twice) in  innings, tying a major league record.On August 4, in the first game of a doubleheader against the Pittsburgh Pirates, <mask> threw a shutout in a 6–0 victory. He threw another shutout against Cincinnati on September 4, also in the first game of a doubleheader, giving up just two hits this time in a 1–0 victory. <mask> finished the year with a 13–15 record. His 170 strikeouts tied him for


texts: second in the National League with teammate Dick Drott, behind another rookie, Jack Sanford of the Philadelphia Phillies, who had 188. His 33 games started were 4th (tied with Lew Burdette and Sanford), 239 innings pitched 6th, and 12 complete games 8th in the NL (tied with Brooks Lawrence and Don Newcombe). Additionally, he led the league with ten hit by pitches. In 1958, Drabowsky did not appear in a game with the Cubs until May 1, delayed by a throat ailment and a stint in the United States Army Reserve.In his second start of the year, on May 13, he threw a curveball in the sixth inning of a start against the Cardinals which pinch-hitter Stan Musial made contact with for a double. The hit was Musial's 3,000th. Entering July 11, <mask> had an 8–7 record and a 3.80 ERA. In a game against the Pittsburgh Pirates held that day, though, <mask> "heard something snap in [his] elbow." He gave up five runs in the next inning, skipped his next start, and failed to get out of the first inning in his next before having to take time off. "The arm responded to treatment at first,” said Drabowsky, “then I had trouble again. I strained my shoulder favoring the elbow.One thing led to another." He returned for four starts in August but struggled and was shut down for the rest of the year. At season's end, <mask> had posted a 9–11 record with a 4.51 ERA and 77 strikeouts. He gave up 19 home runs, three shy of the previous year's total, despite pitching 114 fewer innings. <mask> kept his spot in the Cubs' rotation in 1959 but saw little improvement from the year before. His


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 best game of the year came on August 7, when he threw a five-hit shutout against the Pittsburgh Pirates. <mask> finished the season 5–10 in 31 games (23 starts), but his ERA dropped to 4.13, and his innings pitched rose to .However, he had seven fewer strikeouts than he had in 1958. In 1960 spring training, <mask>'s arm was pain-free. However, used mostly in relief, he posted a 9.70 ERA through July 4. This got him a demotion to the minor leagues for the first time, as he was sent to the Triple-A Houston Buffs of the American Association. At Houston, <mask> won all five of his starts and had a 0.90 ERA before getting recalled to the Cubs in August. He pitched better for the Cubs in his return, posting a 4.03 ERA in his final 11 games. In 32 games (seven starts), <mask> had a 3–1 record, a 6.44 ERA, and 26 strikeouts in  innings pitched.Milwaukee Braves (1961), Cincinnati Reds (1962), and Kansas City Athletics (1962–65)
At the end of spring training in 1961, the Cubs decided no longer required Drabowsky and traded him along with Seth Morehead to the Milwaukee Braves for Daryl Robertson and Andre Rodgers. Milwaukee did not have room for him in their rotation, though, and used him exclusively in relief, where he had an 0–2 record and a 4.62 ERA in 16 games. After <mask> gave up four runs in the sixth inning of a 10–8 loss to the Cincinnati Reds on June 8, Milwaukee banished him to the minor leagues and never bothered to call him up again the rest of the season. He finished the year pitching for the Louisville Colonels of the American Association, where in 20

masks: Drabowsky Drabowsky Drabowsky Drabowsky Drabowsky


texts: games (nine starts), he had a 9–6 record but a 4.75 ERA, with 54 strikeouts in 106 innings pitched. Milwaukee left him unprotected from the Rule 5 draft after the season, and he was selected by Cincinnati. He started 1962 with the Reds, who used him both as a starter and a reliever. In 23 games for them (10 starts) through August 4, he went 2–6 for them with a 4.99 ERA.On August 13, the Kansas City Athletics acquired him for cash. He appeared in 10 games (three starts) for Kansas City the rest of the year, going 1–1 with a 5.14 ERA. <mask>'s combined stats on the season were a 3–7 record, a 5.03 ERA, and 75 strikeouts in 33 games (13 starts). Kansas City sent <mask> to the Triple-A Portland Beavers of the Pacific Coast League to start the 1963 season; most of his appearances were in relief (19 games, 2 starts) but after going 5–1 with a 2.13 ERA, he got called up to the major league club in June. Back in the majors, he was used as a starter once again. He lost his first six decisions, then went 7–7 the rest of the year to finish 1963 with a 7–13 record. One of the losses from the losing streak was notable; it was the 300th win for Early Wynn, on July 13.Despite the losing numbers, he had a very good 3.05 ERA and topped one hundred strikeouts for the first time since his rookie year, making the 1963 season a resurgence. <mask>'s 1964 season got off to a good start, as he pitched into the eighth inning in his first start and gave up just one run in a 3–1 victory over the Washington Senators. After that, he would lose seven decisions in a row before getting

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 another win on June 8 (again against the Senators). He pitched out of the bullpen for a few games in June; by the end of July, he was being used almost exclusively as a reliever. <mask> appeared in the most games of his career that season (53), starting 21 times and logging  innings. He struck out 119, the most since his rookie season. However, his record was 5–13, and his ERA was 5.29, a jump from the 3.05 mark the year before.Despite the losing record and the high ERA the year before, <mask> was Kansas City's Opening Day starter in 1965. He went 0–3 with a 5.55 ERA in his first five starts before getting sent to the bullpen, then demoted to the Athletics' Triple-A affiliate, now the Vancouver Mounties, halfway through June. <mask> was not called back up, finishing the season in Vancouver. In 14 games (five starts) with Kansas City, he had a 1–5 record and a 4.42 ERA. In 17 games (12 starts) with Vancouver, he had an 8–2 record with a 2.44 ERA and 85 strikeouts in 96 innings—his time in Vancouver would be the last time he ever pitching in the minor leagues. After the 1965 season, Baseball-Reference reports that the St. Louis Cardinals purchased his contract from Kansas City on an unknown date. The Society for American Baseball Research reports merely that the Cardinals were interested in selecting him in the Rule 5 Draft from Kansas City but ultimately never got a chance to select him.Either way, he would not pitch for the Cardinals in 1966, as the Baltimore Orioles took him in the Rule 5 Draft on November 29, 1965. Baltimore Orioles (1966–68)
The trade to


texts: Baltimore was a turning point in <mask>'s career. It was here that he became a full-time relief pitcher; after making three starts for the Orioles in August 1966, Drabowsky would never start a game again over his final six years in the major leagues. With teammates Stu Miller, Dick Hall, and Eddie Fisher, Drabowsky was a part of one of the best bullpens of the 1960s. Though <mask> was part of the Orioles' roster to begin the 1966 season, he was only used nine times in the team's first 37 games, and he had a 3.94 ERA. At the end of May, he asked pitching coach Harry Breechen if he could throw once every two nights. Pitching more frequently from that time forth, <mask>'s ERA fell to 2.59 over his final 35 games.Bullpen coach Sherm Lollar speculated joining the Orioles gave Drabowsky new confidence. "We were a contender and could support his pitching." Drabowsky finished the year with six wins, no losses, a 2.81 ERA, and seven saves. He struck out 96 in 98 innings pitched as the Orioles won the American League (AL) pennant, sending <mask> to the playoffs for the first time in his career. In the opening game of the 1966 World Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers, <mask> entered the game in the third inning with one out and the bases loaded after starter  Dave McNally was taken out of the game. After striking out the first batter, he walked Jim Gilliam to force in Lou Johnson for a run to cut Baltimore's lead to 4–2. That would be the last run the Dodgers scored in the entire series, however, as the Orioles would sweep them 4–0, the Orioles' next three wins


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 coming on shutouts from Jim Palmer, Wally Bunker, and McNally.<mask> set a one-game World Series record for relievers by striking out 11 batters, and he tied Hod Eller's 47-year record of six consecutive fans in the 1919 World Series. Over the next two seasons, <mask> continued to perform excellently in relief. In 1967, he was one of the few Oriole pitchers to repeat his success from the season before. Struggles by Stu Miller, who had gotten most of the Oriole saves a year before, allowed <mask> to be the team's primary closer. <mask> got off to a 6–0 start, with a mere six earned runs allowed through his first 25 games of the year. Beginning with his first loss July 28, <mask> would finish out the year with a 1–5 record, and his ERA would rise to 3.45 in his final 18 games. Still, Drabowsky finished the year 7–6, with a 1.60 ERA.He struck out 96 in 95 innings pitched and was tied for seventh in the AL with 12 saves, the only season in his career that he finished in the Top 10 of a league in saves. <mask> did not allow a run in 1968 until his tenth game of the year. For the second year in a row, he posted an ERA under 2.00 (1.91). He threw  innings in 45 games, and he had a 4–4 record with seven saves and 46 strikeouts. MLB added four clubs for the 1969 season, however, and <mask> was one of the few veterans selected by the Kansas City Royals in the expansion draft, ending his first stint with the Orioles. Later career
Back in Kansas City, <mask> negotiated with his new club for a raise before signing his contract on February 28, 1969. He won the first-ever

masks: Drabowsky Drabowsky Drabowsky Drabowsky Drabowsky Drabowsky Drabowsky Drabowsky


texts: game in Royals' history, pitching a scoreless 12th on April 8 against the Minnesota Twins in a 4–3 victory.The win was the first of many for <mask> that season; he led all AL relief pitchers in 1969 with 11 victories. Additionally, he saved 11 games and finished 37 games (7th in the league). He threw 98 innings in 52 appearances and had a 2.94 ERA. <mask> started 1970 with the Royals again. He spent time in the hospital after an averse reaction to medication, presumably during a stretch in May where he had 12 days off. On June 15, he saw on the out-of-town scoreboard that the Orioles' pitchers had struggled late in a game against the Milwaukee Brewers and speculated that the team would be wanting some bullpen help. Sure enough, he was traded back to the Orioles that same day, for Bobby Floyd."I always knew I'd come back to the Orioles someday," he said. He made 21 appearances for the Orioles the rest of the season, finishing the year with a 5–4 record, a 3.52 ERA, and 59 strikeouts in 69 innings pitched in 45 games between Kansas City and Baltimore. The Orioles won the AL East, and <mask> was a part of their playoff roster. He did not make an appearance in the first-round sweep of the Twins but was used twice in the World Series against the Reds. In Game 2, he entered in the fifth and pitched  innings, giving up a solo home run to Johnny Bench in the Orioles' 6–5 victory over the Reds. He threw a scoreless ninth inning in Game 4, but the Orioles lost that game 6–5. However, that was the Orioles only loss of the series, and Drabowsky won another World Series


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 ring as the Orioles defeated the Reds in five games.<mask> was traded to the St. Louis Cardinals for Jerry DaVanon on November 30, 1970. He got into 51 games his first season with St. Louis, going 6–1 with a 3.43 ERA, eight saves, and 49 strikeouts in  innings pitched. His ERA improved with the Cardinals during the next season; it was at 2.60 through his first 30 games when the club released him August 9. Signed days later by the Chicago White Sox, he became the 6th-oldest player in the American League. <mask> saw the end of his career coming in a game against the Boston Red Sox in August. "I threw a fastball [to Tommy Harper], and I watched that ball go to the plate, and I said, ‘When in the world is that ball going to get to the plate?’ I said, ‘Hey, my career is over.’” In 37 games, he had a 1–1 record, a 2.57 ERA, two saves, and 26 strikeouts in 35 innings. He lasted until the end of the year with Chicago, but following his release on October 6, <mask> would never pitch again.Career statistics and pitching style
In 17 seasons <mask> won 88 games, lost 105, saved 55, struck out 1,162 and walked 702 in 1,641 innings pitched, posting a 3.71 ERA. He threw a fastball, curveball, and slider. When the Cubs first signed him, he was a hard-thrower, which helped him tie for second in the league in strikeouts as a rookie. Despite control issues, <mask> was supposed to be a future star for the team. However, his velocity went down after his arm injury in 1958. “I struggled for a few years after developing arm trouble,” summed up Drabowsky. “Then I made some delivery


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 adjustments and became a pitcher instead of a thrower.I also became a student of the game, analyzing hitter’s strengths and weaknesses, and this is how I survived.”

Later life and coaching

Following his career, <mask> initially worked in other fields. He had a job with the Garden City Envelope Company in Chicago through 1982, following which he worked with a Canadian-owned communications firm. Changing salaries for coaches enabled him to return to baseball in the mid-1980s, and he became the Chicago White Sox' pitching coach in 1986. He then coached White Sox farm teams for several years: the Double-A Birmingham Barons from 1987 to 1988 and the Triple-A Vancouver Canadians from 1989 to 1991. Moving to the Cubs' organization in 1993, he served as the team's minor league pitching instructor for a year, then was the Cubs' pitching coach in 1994. After that, he served as the Orioles' minor league pitching instructor in Florida for over ten years, until his death in 2006. Practical joker
<mask> was well known as a prankster whose jokes involved, among other things, being rolled to first base in a wheelchair after claiming to be hit on the foot by a pitch while with the Cubs.(Teammate Dick Drott obtained the wheelchair and pushed <mask> to first—and was ejected from the game.) Frequently, he would make prank phone calls with the bullpen phones. While on the road at Anaheim Stadium in California, he once ordered a takeout meal from a Chinese restaurant—in Hong Kong. The year after he left Kansas City, when Baltimore was playing the Athletics on May 27, he called


texts: Kansas City's bullpen and, imitating former manager Alvin Dark's voice, ordered Lew Krausse Jr. to warm up, then sit down again. Not until the third call did someone recognize his voice. "You should've seen them scramble, trying to get Lew Krausse warmed up in a hurry," <mask> said. "It was really funny."Once, he inserted three goldfish into the other team's water cooler. Snake pranks were a specialty of <mask>'s; while he was with the Orioles, he cultivated relationships with a number of pet shops around Baltimore. The stores would loan him their snakes, and Drabowsky managed to scare such famous players as Brooks Robinson, Paul Blair, and Yogi Berra. During the 1969 World Series, a biplane flew over Memorial Stadium during Game 1 with a banner proclaiming, "Good Luck Birds: Beware of <mask>." For Game 2, he got the Baltimore Zoo to deliver a seven-foot black snake to the stadium. Though he was with the Orioles for their next World Series against the Reds, Drabowsky was more subdued in 1970: "When you're in the Series, you have to be careful because [pranks] might backfire." However, this caution did not apparently apply to people off the field, as Drabowsky gave Commissioner Bowie Kuhn a hot foot during the Orioles' 1970 World Series celebration."You never saw a shoe come off so fast in your life," Drabowsky assessed the effectiveness of that prank. In 1971, sportswriter Hal Bock was twice the victim of a Drabowsky hot foot during a series in New York (NL President Chub Feeney responded with an official censure.) During the same year, Drabowsky also threw

masks: Drabowsky Drabowsky Moe


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 cherry bombs in Chief Noc-A-Homa's teepee on a road trip to Atlanta. After retiring, he continued his jokes during his coaching days. Once, he even got arrested for cruelty to animals; Drabowsky wondered if he had done something unacceptable until he was informed at the police station that it was a joke arranged by his players. In the Jim Bouton book "Ball Four", one of Drabowsky's teammates claimed that Drabowsky got sick on a team flight and "puked up a panty girdle." "There is no bigger flake in organized baseball than Drabowsky," Bouton said.Polish heritage
Chicago columnist Mike Royko stated in his annual Cubs quiz, April 11, 1968, that <mask> "is still considered the best pitcher that Ozanna, Poland, ever produced." In 1987, Drabowsky took a trip there with Hall of Famer Stan Musial to hold a baseball clinic in Kutno. Though Poland was his birthplace, he needed an interpreter to communicate with the players. "Talent in the raw, this is," Drabowsky characterized the Polish ballplayers with his usual wry sense of humor. "Very raw. Very, very raw. Extremely raw."He and Musial brought the participants baseball equipment donated by the MLB Commissioner's office, training the players on the fundamentals of the game. <mask> was inducted into the National Polish-American Sports Hall of Fame in 1999. Personal life
In 1957 <mask> met his first wife, Elisabeth Johns, a flight attendant for United Airlines, while traveling with his teammates. They were married in 1958 and had two daughters: Myra Beth and Laura Anne. A baseball fan, Elisabeth once told a reporter


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 that she had harbored a crush on Dodgers' star Gil Hodges since she was ten. <mask>'s daughter Laura, played the role of Brenda Madison on Port Charles. After 35 years of marriage, <mask> and Elisabeth divorced, and <mask> got remarried in 1992.During his playing career, he worked as a stockbroker in the offseason. The Sporting News quipped that he came to the major leagues with The Sporting News in one hand and The Wall Street Journal in the other. <mask> died in Little Rock, Arkansas following a long battle with multiple myeloma at age 70 on June 10, 2006. First diagnosed with the disease in 2000 and given six months to live, he survived longer than expected, continuing to coach while undergoing stem cell treatments. See also
 List of baseball players who went directly to Major League Baseball
List of select Jewish baseball players
List of Philadelphia and Kansas City Athletics Opening Day starting pitchers

References

External links

Baseball Almanac
Baseball Library

1935 births
2006 deaths
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
American people of Polish-Jewish descent
Baltimore Orioles players
Chicago Cubs coaches
Chicago Cubs players
Chicago White Sox coaches
Chicago White Sox players
Cincinnati Reds players
Deaths from cancer in Arkansas
Deaths from multiple myeloma
Jewish American baseball players
Jewish Major League Baseball players
Houston Buffs players
Kansas City Athletics players
Kansas City Royals players
Louisville Colonels (minor league) players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball pitching coaches
Major League Baseball

masks: Drabowsky Moe Drabowsky Drabowsky


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 players from Poland
Milwaukee Braves players
Baseball players from Hartford, Connecticut
People from Lwów Voivodeship
People from Leżajsk County
Sportspeople from Podkarpackie Voivodeship
Polish emigrants to the United States
Portland Beavers players
St. Louis Cardinals players
Trinity Bantams baseball players
Vancouver Mounties players
Loomis Chaffee School alumni
20th-century American Jews
21st-century American


texts:
<mask>-<mask> (14 March 1836 – 7 June 1910) was a wealthy amateur French Arabist and Egyptologist. He was known for his efforts to prevent the vandalism of monuments in Cairo, Egypt, and in Paris, France. Often the destruction was done in the name of restoration, or of other improvements to the city. Life

Early years (1836–65)
<mask> was born in Paris on 14 March 1836. He was the eldest child of a Catholic family that had a good income from the Anzin mines, which had been discovered by an ancestor. His father, <mask>, Master of Requests (maître des requêtes) at the court of auditors, died prematurely in 1847. In November 1864 <mask> met Théodule Devéria, conservator of the Egyptian antiquities in the Louvre.A month later <mask>, Devéria and some friends sailed to Egypt, where he saw Alexandria, Cairo, Memphis, and the work on the Suez Canal by Ferdinand de Lesseps. This was Devéria's third visit to Egypt, in which he made drawings and took photographs that were reproduced in an album of 77 plates. The party went on to the Holy Land, Damascus and Istanbul. The voyage made a great impression on <mask>. Work in France (1865–79)

On his return to France in 1865 Rhoné planned a major work with his companions on ancient Egypt with historical notes on the hieroglyphs, natural history and history of the pharaohs. He would provide a precise topography of Cairo with supporting maps and explanatory notes about the city's monuments. However, there were delays in starting the project, and his lack of professional status proved a drawback.A few months later he married Gabrielle Bertrand, daughter of the mathematician and academician Joseph Bertrand. In 1867 Rhoné

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Arthur
Ali Rhoné
Arthur Rhoné
Léon Rhoné
Rhoné
Rhoné
Rhoné


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 joined the newly created National Museum of Antiquities (Musée des Antiquités nationales) in Saint-Germain-en-Laye. He helped prepare a guide to the museum. He worked on a book about his memories of Egypt. The first volume, describing Cairo and its surroundings, appeared at the end of 1877. The second volume, which was to be about Upper Egypt, was never published. He helped Auguste Mariette as a voluntary assistant with the "Ancient Egyptian House" for the Exposition Universelle of 1878.He also helped subsidize de Lesseps' business in Egypt. Further work in Egypt (1879–82)

At the start of 1879 Rhoné returned to Egypt with a group of artist friends, and went on the Palestine. In Egypt he spent all his time on Cairo, to which he returned with Mariette. In October 1878 exceptionally high waters of the Nile had inundated the Musée de Boulaq beside of the river. The building was damaged, the museum was closed, antiquities had to be packed in cases and many of the old papers were destroyed. This may have been when Rhoné decided to alert Paris to the  impact of the improvements by the Khedive Isma'il Pasha on the ancient city, which had been relatively undisturbed in 1865. Rhone did much to publicize the discoveries of Egyptology in articles in the Gazette des Beaux-Arts and Le Magasin pittoresque.He published photographs of the Boulaq museum and the archaeological excavations. He also wrote of the destruction in Cairo since his last visit. He detailed the "vandalisme restaurateur", the "vandalism of the restorer", on buildings such as the Mosque of Sultan al-Muayyad, a fifteenth century masterpiece. On 28 December 1880 a permanent archaeological mission was


texts: established in Cairo. Rhoné did not acknowledge that the Ottomans had helped preserve the fabric of Cairo. In 1881 he wrote "the city of Cairo was still intact, at least in the sense that its monuments continued to fall quietly into ruin following the eternal way of the Orient; at least nothing was attempted in the way of works called 'improvement' and 'Restoration. Rhoné was concerned with the impact of Italian architects and builders, who undertook much of the construction in Cairo at the time, introducing what he called "Italian Gothic style" buildings.He argued that some of the principles of Eugène Viollet-le-Duc should be followed, specifically that of respecting local building techniques. In restoration work, he agreed with Viollet-le-Duc about the need to understand the original context when a monument was built, and with William Morris about the need to respect and preserve all periods of a building. He used the Al-Hussein and Sayyida Zaynab mosques as examples of the damage done by insensitive restorers. A decree of 10 January 1881 charged Rhoné with a mission to the East, particularly Egypt, to study Arab and Egyptian monuments. He immersed himself in the study of Cairo in the early 15th century, and traced the enclosure of the Fatimid palace in the heart of the old city. The orientalist Paul Ravaisse was impressed by Rhoné's innovative approach and valuable results, and in September 1881 arranged for Rhoné's mission to be extended by another year, this time with a small salary. In October 1881 Rhoné returned to Cairo with his family for a nine-month stay in which he concentrated on ancient Egyptian remains, although he also studied the Arab


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 monuments and the topology of Cairo.The Comité de Conservation des Monuments de l'Art Arabe (Commission for Conservation of Monuments of Arab Art) was established by decree of the Khedive on 18 December 1881, due in part to the pressure from Rhoné and his friends. Later career (1882–1910)

In the summer of 1882 Rhoné refused an invitation to further extend his mission in Cairo. On his return to Paris Rhoné became involved in preserving that city, attacking the changes being made by Georges-Eugène Haussmann. He made one further trip to the East, when he visited Petra with Augé de Lassus. In 1884 he lost all sight in one eye, and could only see poorly with the other. Rhoné published Réflexions sur l’enlaidissement progressif des villes qu’on embellit (Reflections on the progressive disfiguration of cities by improvements) in 1889. In this work he denounced the treatment of ancient Parisian buildings and monuments, with removal of architectural elements that did not suit modern taste, addition of incongruous modern structures beside the old and destruction monuments by great boulevards.<mask> died in Paris on 7 June 1910. Memberships

Rhoné was a member of various societies:
Société de l'histoire de Paris et de l'Île-de-France: member (1874–96)
Société des amis des monuments parisiens: associate (1885–1900), committee member and treasurer (1886–90)
Société historique du VIe arrondissement de Paris: member of the administrative council (1898–1910)
Société historique et archéologique des VIIIe et XVIIe arrondissements de Paris
Société nationale des antiquaires de France: correspondent (1889)

Publications

Notes

Sources

1836 births
1910 deaths
French


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<mask> (born 16 September 1969) is a Chinese businessman and investor who first came into the public eye in 2016 when he succeeded Silvio Berlusconi as the owner of the Italian football club A.C. Milan. <mask> is also known for his stock market transactions in mainland China. <mask> was born in Guantang Village, Daqiao Town, Huazhou, Maoming, Guangdong Province. He also had a citizenship in the Hong Kong S.A.R. of China by migrating there in 1994 (claimed by himself), which was considered as a "foreign" investor in mainland China due to separate legal jurisdiction of Hong Kong from the rest of China. Career
According to a C.V. provided by <mask> to Duolun Industry, <mask> was the director and general manager of a Hong Kong incorporated company Enson Enterprises Limited () from 1994 to 1997 (a company dissolved by striking-off in 2000); the director and general manager of a Chongqing-based company () from 1997 to 2005, as well as chairman and CEO of Hong Kong-incorporated "Grand Dragon International Holdings Co., Ltd." from 2005. However, according to the filings in Hong Kong Companies Registry, there was no such <mask> in the board of directors of Enson Enterprises, nor in Grand Dragon.Instead, <mask> was the director of China Power Group (HK) Limited (), Hong Kong China Power Books Publication Co., Ltd. (), Noble Wisdom Development Limited () and LYH Investment Limited, according to the database of Hong Kong Companies Registry. A.C. Milan
In August 2016, Fininvest, the parent company of Italian football club A.C. Milan, signed a preliminary agreement with a Chinese investment management company Sino-Europe Sports Investment Management Changxing Co., Ltd. () to sell the club for €740 million (including €220 million indebtedness of the company), valued on 30 June 2016 (A further €90 million cost of the club from 1 July to the closing date was added to the valuation). Sino-Europe Sports paid

masks:
Li Yonghong
Li
Li Yonghong
Li Yonghong
Li Yonghong
Li Yonghong
Li Yonghong


texts: Fininvest €100 million immediately after the deal as a deposit, and the closing date of the deal was set at December 2016. Sino-Europe Sports, registered in Changxing County, according to Chinese Government's National Enterprise Credit Information Publicity System, was solely owned by mainland Chinese citizen Chen Huashan () with a share capital of just . However, it was reported that <mask> and a private equity fund () of Haixia Capital Management were the true owner of Sino-Europe Sports. Moreover, Sino-Europe Sports was represented by David Han <mask> in the signing of the contracts with Fininvest. In the same month Sino-Europe Sports found a private equity fund (incorporated as a limited partnership as ) to raise fund to acquire Milan, which Chinese listed company Rongyu Group (formerly known as Jilin Yongda Group) signed an agreement to subscribe  deferred share, which would only paid-in the capital when the fund raise enough capital in ordinary and preference share.However, Sino-Europe Sports failed to pay the residual sum in December, and the deal was delayed to March 2017. Sino-Europe Sports paid a second deposit of €100 million (making the total deposit was €200 million) to Fininvest via Hong Kong subsidiaries of Sino-Europe Sports: Rossoneri Sport Investment Co., Ltd. and Rossoneri Champion Co., Ltd.. However, according to the filing in Hong Kong Companies Registry, Rossoneri Sport Investment borrowed HK$830 million (around €100 million according to exchange rate at that time) from a BVI-incorporated company, Willy Shine International Holdings Limited () on 13 December 2016. The loan was refurbished on 23 January 2017. In February 2017, Rossoneri Sport Investment (of Hong Kong) was recapitalised by yet another BVI-incorporated company Rossoneri Advanced Co., Ltd. for HK$864.5 million, making Sino-Europe Sports became a minority shareholder on Rossoneri Sport Investment (of Hong Kong)

masks:
Li Yonghong
Li


texts: for HK$100 million share, or 10.37%, although Chen remained as the sole director of Rossoneri Sport Investment and 100% owner of the entire share capital of Rossoneri Champion. The two BVI companies had raised a concern in Italy on who was the actual investors. Sino-Europe Sports failed to pay the residual sum again in March 2017.In order to finalise the closing, the company received a loan from Elliott Management Corporation, an investment firm which has widely been described as a vulture fund. According to Calcio e Finanza, Elliott used two associate companies King George Investments and Genio Investments to finance the parent company of Milan that was owned by Li indirectly. It was also reported that another private equity fund, Blue Skye, also financed the deal. On 13 April 2017, the sale was officially finalised, which Rossoneri Sport Investment Luxembourg Sàrl became the new direct parent company of the club. Rossoneri Luxembourg, as of January 2017 was owned by Hong Kong-company Rossoneri Sport Investment. On 14 April <mask> was confirmed as the new chairman of the club, with Marco Fassone was confirmed as CEO (). It was reported that the final price of the club was €606 million (the price included a refurbishment of a €90m credit line of Fininvest to Milan), excluding the refurbishment of the club debt.The club had planned to issue 2 tranches of corporate bonds for a total of €128m, ( and ) as well as a recapitalization of a maximum of €60m, in order to funding the club in 2017 after the takeover. On 22 October 2017, it was revealed by David Webb that Teamway International Group (known as Jin Bao Bao at that time), a small-sized Hong Kong-listed company, had lent US$8.3 million (approx. HK$65 million by the narrow band floating exchange rate) to Hong Kong-based Rossoneri Sport Investment. According to the press release by Teamway (known as Jin Bao Bao at that time) on 29 August 2017, it


texts: was also revealed that Rossoneri Advance[d] was owned by <mask> himself; <mask> charged the entire issued shares of Rossoneri Advance[d] to Teamway International Group as collateral. In September 2017, Rossoneri Sport Investment also filed a revised "Annual Return" to reflect the "correct" condition in June 2017, that Rossoneri Advance owned all the shares of the company. On 31 October 2017, Reuters reported that <mask> only paid-in €27 million out of €60 million capital increase of AC Milan so far, matching the concern of his financial condition, willingness and ability to recapitalize Milan with such a high interest rate on a small amount of loan. Last but not the least, <mask> failed to refurbished the loan in February 2018, but was allowed to extended for a month, with an interest rate of 24% p.a.On 16 November 2017, The New York Times reported that <mask> alleged himself had a mining empire to Italian football officials, which "was hardly known even in mining circles [of China]." The mining empire, on paper record, was owned by other people. However, the newspaper also stated that "Some wealthy people in China list their holdings under the names of relatives or associates to avoid scrutiny". At the same time, UEFA was not convinced to a proposal from Milan, regarding a voluntary agreement that aiming to delay the deadline of break-even requirement of UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations, according to the report of La Gazzetta dello Sport. It was formally rejected in December by the UEFA, citing " there are still uncertainties in relation to the refinancing of the loans to be paid back in October 2018 and the financial guarantees provided by the main shareholder. "; Marca speculated that the club may face discipline action regarding the club's summer spending. Eventually Milan was banned by UEFA from European competition for 2018–19 season, citing "the break-even requirement".It was reported

masks:
Li Yonghong
Li
Li
Li
Li


texts:
 that Milan failed to meet the aggregate break-even requirement for the period from 2014 to 2017. In July 2018, Elliott Management acquired full ownership of Milan. On 12 July, Elliott officially struck-off Li's holding company Rossoneri Champion Inv. Lux. as a shareholder of Milan's direct parent company Rossoneri Sport Inv. Lux. According to the press release of Teamway International Group, Li also defaulted the loan from Teamway International Group.Other Business Activities

Jade Valley Group
It was reported that <mask> is the son of <mask>hi () and younger brother of <mask>i (), which were arrested in 2003 for illegally raising funds in Huazhou, Maoming. According to legal proceeding, <mask> family had set up a company in mainland China as Jade Valley Development () to invest in farmland. However, they also made false dividend forecast to attract investment as a pyramid scheme. According to the legal proceeding and Hong Kong Companies Registry, <mask> family had set up a Hong Kong company Jade Valley Group Limited (, formerly known as Lis Consortium (International) Limited; ) to channel the assets, which was 95% owned by <mask>'s eldest brother <mask> (); the rest of the share was owned by a Honduras citizen, with unknown relation with <mask> family. Chinese police failed to arrest <mask> as he also had Hong Kong citizenship and evaded from mainland China. It was reported that <mask> had emigrated to Honduras. Jade Valley Group Limited was dissolved by striking off from the register by the government of Hong Kong in 2005.According to 1993 Hainan Yearbook, <mask> family's Jade Valley Group Limited incorporated two subsidiaries in Hainan ( and ), to develop Chief Power Building (), which <mask> was the general manager and his eldest brother <mask> as the chairman. In 2010 Chief Power Real Estate was dissolved by strike-off from the registry by the administration bureau, as the bureau failed to

masks:
Li Yonghong
Li Naiz
Li Yongfe
Li
Li
Li Yonghong
Li Hongqiang
Li
Li Hongqiang
Li Hongqiang
Li
Li Yonghong
Li Hongqiang


texts:
 inspect the company. Chief Power Hotel Co., Ltd. was also involved in numerous legal dispute with others, including the selling of a unit in Chief Power Building without disclosing the unit had been mortgaged, contract dispute with a pawn shop in the sell and bought back of a unit of Chief Power Building, and fail to repayment of loans to China Construction Bank (the bad debt was later transferred to China Cinda Asset Management) and China Investment Bank (for US$1.1 million; the bank business was received by China CITIC Bank). Chief Power Hotel Co., Ltd. was also suffered from a scam that another person falsify a document to sell unit A2 of 12/F of Chief Power Building. Duolun Industry
Li Yonghong was also sanctioned  in 2013 by the Chinese regulator China Securities Regulatory Commission for failing to disclose the sale of the entire share capital of the parent company of a Chinese listed company Shanghai Duolun Industry Co., Ltd. (, now known as "P2P Financial Information Service Co., Ltd."). The holding company, known as "Duolun Investment (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd." at that time (now known as "P2P (China) Co., Ltd.") was incorporated in Hong Kong. The holding company owned 11.75% shares of the listed company as the largest shareholder at 31 December 2011.Li Yonghong acquired the holding company in December 2011 for  and sold in May–June 2012 for . Before the deal, the holding company had already faced financial difficulties, which pledged 11.75% shares of the listed company to Bohai Trust in October 2011, as well as selling a further 15.22% shares from April to September 2011 and an additional 9.53% shares in November 2011. A pledge of 35.82% shares of the listed company (to Hua Xia Bank and New China Trust) were only released in April and September 2011. In July 2013, the pledge of the 11.75% share of the listed company by the holding company was released by Bohai Trust. However, the holding


texts:
 company, under the new owner Xian Yan (), pledged the entire 11.75% shares back to Li Yonghong. Half of the pledged shares were released in April 2014 and May 2014, only sold by the holding company on the same day. In August 2014, the shares pledged to Li Yonghong were released, only re-pledged to Ping An Securities on the same day.According to a news report by China Securities Journal, Chen Jianyong () and Xian <mask> (), the relatives of <mask> and Xian Yan respectively, had formed two companies ( and ) respectively, which were the investors in a private equity fund (as a trust) to buy the shares of Duolun Industry, which was accused by other investor () of the fund as insider trading. Using alias
According to news report by Securities Times (a newspaper of "People's Daily Press"), <mask> may used an alias <mask> () to do business in some companies, such as Beijing Dahe Zhizhou Group () and Li family's Chief Power Real Estate. Grand Dragon International Holding
Li Yonghong alleged himself as the chairman of Hong Kong-incorporated Grand Dragon International Holdings (). The company falsely claimed itself as the official Chinese side representative to build the Thai Canal. In 2017 a press release of Grand Dragon International Holding appeared on the website of another company Guangdong Longhao Aviation Group (), denying <mask> was the chairman of Grand Dragon International Holdings at any time. List of Dishonest Judgment Debtors
On 12 September 2018, <mask> was added to the List of Dishonest Judgment Debtors () by the local court of Jingmen. According to the press release, <mask> defaulted a loan from aforementioned Hubei Jingjiu ().References

1969 births
Living people
A.C. Milan chairmen and investors
A.C. Milan directors
Businesspeople from Guangdong
Chinese football chairmen and investors
Hong Kong businesspeople
People from Maoming
Place of birth missing (living people)
Sportspeople from

masks:
Li
Li Yonghong
Li Yonghong
Li Bingfeng
Li
Li
Li


texts:
<mask> (born May 18, 1971) is a heavyweight boxer. Nicknamed "The Black Bull" and often "Twin Tyson" for his resemblance to Mike Tyson, <mask> fought several contenders from his era. <mask> has also claimed numerous times to be the half brother of Mike Tyson. Professional career
<mask> turned pro in 1993 and has   beaten notable fighters, such as James "Quick" Tillis, Jorge Luis Gonzalez and Monte Barrett. His career peak was 25-10, until he lost to former light Heavyweight and Heavyweight champion Michael Moorer and went 1-11 after that. He has won the Utah State Heavyweight title and also the North American Heavyweight titles. Outside the Ring
<mask> played Mike Tyson in the HBO film Don King: Only in America.He has a son by the name of Sky Christopher King who resides in Rosedale, Mississippi and a daughter by the name of Shae Moore who lives in Las Vegas.

masks:
Clifford Couser
Couser
Couser
Couser
Couser


texts:
<mask>II) from the kindred Rátót (; died 1307) was a Hungarian baron at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries. He was one of the seven barons in the early 14th century, who were styled themselves Palatine of Hungary. He was the ancestor of the Jolsvai family. Family
<mask> II was born into the influential and prestigious gens (clan) Rátót, as the son of magister Leustach II. His grandfather was Dominic I, who was killed in the Battle of Mohi in 1241. <mask> II had a brother Desiderius I (also "the Blind"), who served as ispán of Borsod and Gömör Counties, and married a daughter of oligarch Stephen Ákos, establishing an alliance between the two powerful kindreds. <mask> had four sons from his unidentified wife.Through his eldest son, Desiderius II, he was the ancestor of the Jolsvai (previously Gedei) noble family, which became extinct in 1427. His two younger sons, Leustach IV and <mask> III held various ispánates in the 1330s. <mask>'s fourth son, Stephen III was mentioned only once in 1321. Career
<mask> first appeared in contemporary records in 1275. During the political crisis of 1280, King Ladislaus IV adopted new Cuman laws under the pressure of the Catholic Church. However, many Cumans decided to leave Hungary instead of obeying the papal legate Philip's demands. On their way to the frontier, they ravaged and looted many settlements and estates.<mask>, his brother Desiderius and two of his cousins, Rathold <mask> and Nicholas "Vecse" successfully defended the Cistercian monastery at Egres (present-day Igriș in Romania). Thereafter <mask> and several other members of the Rátót clan participated in the royal military campaigns against the Cumans. <mask> was present at the siege of Gede

masks:
Roland (
Roland
Roland
Roland
Roland
Roland
Roland
Roland
II
Roland
Roland


texts: Castle (present-day Hodejov, Slovakia), where the rebellious Finta Aba barricaded himself in mid-1281. Later <mask> himself owned the castle, but the date of acquisition is unknown. He also fought against the Cumans in the battle at Lake Hód (near present-day Hódmezővásárhely) in 1282. For his military service, <mask> was made Master of the horse by Ladislaus IV in 1283. It is possible he belonged to that baronial group, which was dominated by the gens Csák during that time.The alliance disintegrated by the following year with the deaths of brothers Matthew II and Peter I Csák. Thus <mask> also lost his office. He was replaced by James Borsa, who was first mentioned in that capacity in August 1284. Maintaining the short-lived dual system in the dignity in order to avoid power struggle, which characterized the late reign of Andrew III, <mask>t became Palatine of Hungary for the Transdanubian region () – simultaneously Apor Péc was responsible for Cisdanubia – in 1298 and held that office until the next year. In the contemporary context, this meant that <mask> had jurisdiction over Eastern Hungary in this capacity (as "Transdanubia" had a different meaning than present days), while Apor Péc supervised the counties in Western Hungary. In addition, <mask> also bore the title of Judge of the Cumans. <mask> held an assembly at Gáva (today part of Gávavencsellő) in October 1298 and in Borsod County in the following year.Following the death of <mask> and the extinction of the Árpád dynasty in 1301, <mask> presumably supported the claim of Wenceslaus of Bohemia to the Hungarian throne, similarly to his cousins (including <mask>, the actual head of the family) and brother Desiderius. He attended the

masks:
Roland
Roland
Roland
Roland Rátó
Roland
Roland
Roland
Andrew III
Roland
Dominic II


texts: wedding of Stephen Ákos the Younger with a foreign (Bavarian or Czech) princess in early 1303, but this fact does not confirm his affiliation, as pro-Charles oligarch Amadeus Aba was also present. He was first referred to as "baron" in 1303. He took an oath of allegiance to Charles I by the next year. Within a short time, he rose to prominence in the royal court of Charles, becoming one of the most illustrious domestic partisans of the Anjou prince, alongside Ugrin Csák and Amadeus Aba. <mask> was styled as Palatine of Hungary since February 1303, he attended the aforementioned wedding in this capacity. In the first decade of the 14th century, seven barons held the dignity simultaneously.Majority of the historians, including Gyula Kristó and Jenő Szűcs, considered, these barons, <mask> Csák, Amadeus Aba, Ivan Kőszegi, Stephen Ákos, James Borsa, Apor Péc and <mask>t himself were arbitrarily took and used the title, which marked its devaluation. However, historian Attila Zsoldos developed a special theory. When <mask> formed a league against his enemies, a group of powerful lords — including the Kőszegis, Matthew Csák and <mask> — urged <mask> of Naples to send his grandson, the 12-year-old Charles of Anjou, to Hungary in order to become king, according to the Illuminated Chronicle. The young prince disembarked in Split in August 1300, supported by most Croatian and Slavonian lords. However, the Kőszegis and Matthew Csák were shortly reconciled with Andrew, preventing Charles' success. Zsoldos argued <mask> entered into a new feudal contract with the barons in the summer of 1300: Matthew Csák and Ivan Kőszegi became "perpetual" Palatines and Andrew accepted their suzerainty over their provinces,

masks:
Roland
Matthew III
Roland Rátó
Andrew III
Roland Borsa
Charles II
Andrew III


texts:
 while the king's two most powerful partisans, Amadeus Aba and Stephen Ákos were also granted this privilege. In addition to them, two co-palatines of the previous year, <mask> and Apor Péc also received the title as a counterweight, according to Zsoldos' theory.Therefore the historian considers <mask> already bore the dignity of Palatine since the last regnal year of Andrew. Accordingly, the claimants to the Hungarian throne inherited Andrew's last decision, and they were forced to accept the status quo. As Zsoldos emphasized the oligarchs recognized each other's titles, in addition to the monarchs, cathedral chapters and other institutions. One of the basis of Zsoldos' theory is the fact that <mask> and Apor Péc were considered as much less important persons than, for instance Matthew Csák or Amadeus Aba. Still, other moderately influential lords did not follow the example of Apor and <mask>, and nobody else were styled as palatine beyond two of them. In a royal document from 1307, Charles also referred to <mask> as palatine, acknowledging his title. <mask>t was present at the Diet of Rákos on 10 October 1307, which confirmed Charles' claim to the throne.He used the title of palatine there too. After Charles' third coronation, which was performed in full accordance with customary law, on 27 August 1310, the king recognized only James Borsa as Palatine, who was appointed to the position in 1306 by Charles. <mask>t was deceased by then, as he was never mentioned by contemporary documents after the diet in October 1307. References

Sources

1307 deaths
13th-century Hungarian people
14th-century Hungarian people
Roland 02
Palatines of the Kingdom of Hungary
Masters of the horse (Kingdom

masks:
Roland Rátót
Roland
Roland Rátót
Roland
Roland
Roland Rátó
Roland Rátó


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<mask> ben <mask> ( Yəhōšuaʿ ben Ḥánanyāh; d. 131 CE), also known as Rabbi Yehoshua, was a leading tanna of the first half-century following the destruction of the Temple. He is the seventh-most-frequently mentioned sage in the Mishnah. Biography
He was of Levitical descent, and served in the sanctuary as a member of the class of singers. His mother intended him for a life of study, and, as an older contemporary, Dosa ben Harkinas, relates, she carried the child in his cradle into the synagogue, so that his ears might become accustomed to the sounds of the words of the Torah. It was probably with reference to his pious mother that <mask> thus expressed himself concerning <mask> ben Hananiah: "Hail to thee who gave him birth". According to another tradition <mask> praised him in the words of Ecclesiastes (4:12), "And a threefold cord is not quickly broken." Perhaps he meant that in <mask> the three branches of traditional learning, Midrash, Halakha, and Aggadah, were united in a firm whole; or possibly he used the passage in the sense in which it was employed later, to show that <mask> belonged to a family of scholars even to the third generation.<mask>'s permanent residence was in Peki'in, a place between Yavne and Lydda, where he followed the trade of a tailor. This occupation did not in any degree diminish the respect paid to him as one of the influential members of the academy at Yavne. <mask> ben Hananiah was one of the five who formed the inner circle of Yohanan's pupils. In enumerating them,

masks:
Joshua
Hananiah
Yohanan ben Zakkai
Joshua
Yohanan ben Zakkai
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua


texts: tradition places him at the head together with Eliezer ben Hurcanus. Tradition also frequently mentions these two together as upholders of opposite views. They were both present at the celebration of the circumcision of Elisha ben Abuyah (Acher), in Jerusalem, and diverted themselves by connecting passages in the Torah with others in the Prophets and the Hagiographa. It was also Eliezer and <mask> who rescued Yohanan ben Zakkai from the besieged city and brought him into the camp of Vespasian.After the death of Yohanan <mask> c. 80 CE, <mask> was the heartiest supporter of Gamaliel II's efforts to bring about the predominance of the views of Hillel the Elder's followers over those of Shammai's, and thus to end the discord which had so long existed between the schools. But he was the very one whom Gamaliel humiliated on a certain occasion when the authority of the president was in question. <mask>'s pliant disposition did not shield him from humiliation by Gamaliel a second time, and the wrong done to Yehoshua was the cause of Gamaliel's removal from office. He soon obtained <mask>'s forgiveness, and this opened the way for his reinstatement; but he was now obliged to share his office with Eleazar ben Azariah, who had originally been appointed his successor. <mask> esteemed Eleazar very highly, and on one occasion called out in his emphatic manner: "Hail to thee, Father Abraham, for Eleazar ben Azariah came forth from thy loins!" When it became necessary to present the case of the Palestinian Jews at

masks:
Joshua
ben Zakkai
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua


texts: Rome, the two presidents, Gamaliel and Eleazar, went as their representatives, and <mask> Hananiah and Akiva accompanied them. This journey of the "elders" to Rome, and their stay in the Imperial City, furnished material for many narratives.In one of these the Romans call on <mask> ben <mask> to give proofs from the Bible of the resurrection of the dead and of the foreknowledge of God. In another, <mask> comes to the aid of Gamaliel when the latter is unable to answer the question of a "philosopher". In tractate Horayot, in an anecdote concerning a sea voyage undertaken by Gamaliel and <mask>, the astronomical knowledge of the latter is put to use. He is said to have calculated that a comet would appear in the course of the voyage. After Gamaliel's death, the first place among the scholars fell to <mask>, since Eliezer <mask>us was under a ban. <mask> wished to do away with a regulation of Gamaliel's, but met with opposition on the part of the council. <mask> stood by the death-bed of his colleague Eliezer <mask>us and called to him: "O master, thou art of more value to Israel than God's gift of the rain; since the rain gives life in this world only, whereas thou givest life both in this world and in the world to come".When, after Eliezer's death, the other law scholars, Eleazar ben Azariah, Tarfon, and Akiva, contested some of his opinions, <mask> said to them: "One should not oppose a lion after he is dead". Eleazar, also, seems to have died some time before <mask>. It is related that when <mask>

masks:
Joshua ben
Joshua
Hananiah
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
ben Hcan
Joshua
Joshua
ben Hyrcan
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua ben


texts:
 Hananiah was about to die, the scholars standing round his bed mourned, saying: "How shall we maintain ourselves against the unbelievers?" <mask> comforted them with words from Jeremiah 49:7: "If counsel has been taken away from the children [of God, i.e. Israel], the wisdom of these [the enemy] has also perished". After his death <mask>'s importance was extolled in the words: "Since Rabbi <mask> died, good counsel has ceased in Israel." Not long after <mask>'s death the thinkers were superseded by the men of action, and Simon bar Kokhba, enthusiastically greeted by <mask>'s most influential pupil, Rabbi Akiva, raised the flag of rebellion against Rome.That this step had not been taken earlier was due to <mask>'s influence. Relations with non-Jews
In the beginning of Hadrian's rule, <mask> appears as a leader of the Jewish people. When the permission to rebuild the Temple was again refused, he turned the excited people from thoughts of revolt against Rome by a speech in which he skilfully made use of a fable of Aesop concerning the lion and the crane. About the same time, <mask> by his eloquence prevented the whole area of the Temple from being pronounced unclean because one human bone had been found in it. <mask> lived to witness Hadrian's visit to Palestine, and he followed the emperor to Alexandria (130). The conversations between <mask> and Hadrian, as they have been preserved in the Babylonian Talmud (Hullin 59b) and the Palestinian Midrash, have been greatly modified and exaggerated by

masks: Joshua Joshua Joshua Joshua Joshua Joshua Joshua Joshua Joshua Joshua


texts: tradition, but they nevertheless present in general a just picture of the intercourse between the witty Jewish scholar and the active, inquisitive emperor, the "curiositatum omnium explorator", as Tertullian calls him. In Palestinian sources <mask> answers various questions of the emperor: how God created the world, concerning the angels, as to the resurrection of the body, and with reference to the Decalogue.In the Babylonian Talmud, three conversations are related, which resemble that on the Decalogue, in that <mask> silences the emperor's mockery of the Jewish conception of God by proving to him God's incomparable greatness and majesty. <mask> also rebukes the emperor's daughter when she mocks at the God of the Jews; in another place she is made to repent for having mocked <mask>'s appearance. The emperor's question concerning the odor of Sabbath food is a mocking one. Once, <mask> told the emperor that he would dream of the Parthians. At another time, he excused his own non-appearance at a meeting by cleverly describing the infirmities of his old age. In one conversation, preserved by a later authority, <mask> defended the justice of God, which was doubted by the emperor. Once a dispute in pantomime took place in the emperor's palace between <mask> and a Judeo-Christian ("Min"), in which <mask> maintained that God's protective hand was still stretched over Israel.In another conversation <mask> defended the honor of Israel against a heretic, who had attacked it, by quoting from Micah 7:4. Some of

masks: Joshua Joshua Joshua Joshua Joshua Joshua Joshua Joshua Joshua


texts:
 the questions addressed to <mask> by the Athenian wise men, found in a long story in the Babylonian Talmud, contain polemical expressions concerning Christianity. The historical basis for this remarkable tradition is found in Hadrian's association with <mask> <mask>, in <mask>'s visit to Athens, and in his intercourse with Athenian scholars and philosophers. Its conclusion is an echo of the myth of the Danaïdes, and it is supposed to demonstrate the superiority of the "wise men of the Jews" over the "elders of Athens". Embodied in this tradition are the stories in which the wit of Athens is conquered by the cleverness of the men of Jerusalem. In one of these, the pupils of Yohanan ben Zakkai make sport of an Athenian. That the tradition contains in parts polemics against Christianity is explained by the fact that <mask> Hananiah fought the heresy of the Judeo-Christians.The same spirit is manifested in the story concerning his nephew Hananiah. His Exegesis
<mask> Hananiah's exegetical controversies with two of his most prominent contemporaries occupy an important place in the aggadic tradition. These two are his colleague Eliezer <mask>, who is frequently also mentioned in the Halakha as holding an opposite opinion, and Eleazar of Modi'im, who belonged to the school of Yavne and was especially known as the author of aggadic expositions of the Bible. The controversies between Eliezer and <mask> refer to cosmology, to eschatology, comprising views on the period as well as on the world to come and the

masks:
Joshua
Joshua ben
Hananiah
Joshua
Joshua ben
Joshua ben
ben Hurcanus
Joshua