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 at Beaumont College in England. His grades were unspectacular, and his first stint in college ended quickly when he abandoned his architectural studies that he had  begun in Paris' École Polytechnique. It was during the 1920s that Leloir invented salsa golf (golf sauce). After being served prawns with the usual sauce during lunch with a group of friends at the Ocean Club in Mar del Plata, Leloir came up with a peculiar combination of ketchup and mayonnaise to spice up his meal. With the financial difficulties that later plagued Leloir's laboratories and research, he would joke, "If I had patented that sauce, we'd have a lot more money for research right now." Career

Buenos Aires

After returning again to Argentina, Leloir obtained his Argentine citizenship and joined the Department of Medicine at the University of Buenos Aires in hopes of receiving his doctorate.However, he got off to a rocky start, requiring four attempts to pass his anatomy exam. He finally received his diploma in 1932 and began his residency in the Hospital de Clínicas and his medical internship in Ramos Mejía hospital. After some initial conflicts with colleagues and complications in his method of treating patients, Leloir decided to dedicate himself to research in the laboratory, claiming that "we could do little for our patients... antibiotics, psychoactive drugs, and all the new therapeutic agents were unknown [at the time]." In 1933, he met Bernardo Houssay, who pointed Leloir towards investigating in his doctoral thesis the suprarenal glands and carbohydrate metabolism. Houssay happened to be friends with Carlos Bonorino Udaondo, the brother-in-law of Victoria Ocampo, one of Leloir's cousins. Following the recommendation of Udaondo, Leloir began


type: original

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 working with Houssay, who in 1947 would later win the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. The two would develop a close relationship, collaborating on various projects until Houssay's death in 1971; in his lecture after winning the Nobel Prize, Leloir claimed that his "whole research career has been influenced by one person, Prof. Bernardo A. Houssay".Cambridge
After only two years, Leloir received recognition from the medical department at the University of Buenos Aires for having produced the best doctoral thesis. Feeling that his knowledge in fields such as physics, mathematics, chemistry, and biology was lacking, he continued attending classes at the University as a part-time student. In 1936 he traveled to England to begin advanced studies at the University of Cambridge, under the supervision of another Nobel Prize winner, Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins, who had obtained that distinction in 1929 for his work in physiology and in revealing the critical role of vitamins in maintaining good health. Leloir's research in the Biochemical Laboratory of Cambridge centered around enzymes, more specifically the effects of cyanide and pyrophosphate on succinic dehydrogenase; from this moment Leloir began to specialize in researching carbohydrate metabolism. United States
Leloir returned to Buenos Aires in 1937 after his brief stay at Cambridge. 1943 saw Leloir marry; <mask> and Amelia Zuberbuhler (1920-2013) would later have a daughter also named Amelia. However, his return to Argentina was amidst conflict and strife;  Houssay had been expelled from the University of Buenos Aires for signing a public petition opposing the Nazi regime in Germany and the military government led  by Pedro Pablo Ramírez.Leloir fled to the United


texts:
 States, where he assumed the position of associate professor in the Department of Pharmacology at Washington University in St. Louis, collaborating with Carl Cori and Gerty Cori and thereafter worked with David E. Green at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University as a research assistant. Leloir would later credit Green with instilling within him the initiative to establish his own research in Argentina. Fundación Instituto Campomar

In 1945, Leloir ended his exile and returned to Argentina to work under Houssay at the Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de la Fundación Campomar, which Leloir would direct from its creation in 1947 by businessman and patron Jaime Campomar. Initially, the institute was composed of five rooms, a bathroom, central hall, patio, kitchen, and changing room. During the final years of the 1940s, although lacking financial resources and operating with very low-cost teams, Leloir's successful experiments would reveal the chemical origins of sugar synthesis in yeast as well as the oxidation of fatty acids in the liver; together with J. M. Muñoz, he produced an active cell-free system, a first in scientific research. It had initially been assumed that in order to study a cell, scientists could not separate it from its host organism, as oxidation could only occur in intact cells. Along the way, Muñoz and Leloir, unable to procure the costly refrigerated centrifuge needed to separate cell contents, improvised by spinning a tire stuffed with salt and ice.By 1947 he had formed a team that included
Ranwel Caputto, Enrico Cabib, Raúl Trucco, Alejandro Paladini, Carlos Cardini and <mask> Reissig, with whom he investigated and discovered why a malfunctioning kidney and angiotensin helped


texts:
 cause hypertension. That same year,  his colleague Caputto, in his investigations of the mammary gland, made discoveries regarding carbohydrate storage and its subsequent transformation into a reserve energy form in organisms. Sugar nucleotides

At the beginning of 1948, <mask> and his team identified the sugar nucleotides that were fundamental to the metabolism of carbohydrates, turning the Instituto Campomar into a biochemistry institution well known throughout the world. Immediately thereafter, <mask> received the Argentine Scientific Society Prize,  one of the many awards he would receive both in Argentina and internationally. During this time, his team dedicated itself to the study of glycoproteins; <mask> and his colleagues elucidated the primary mechanisms of galactose metabolism

 (now called the Leloir pathway) and determined the cause of galactosemia, a serious genetic disorder that resulted in lactose intolerance. The following year, he reached an agreement with Rolando García, dean of the Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences at the University of Buenos Aires, which named <mask>, Carlos Eugenio Cardini and Enrico Cabib as titular professors in the University's newly founded Biochemical Institute. The Institute would help develop scientific programs in budding Argentine universities as well as attract researchers and scholars from the United States, Japan, England, France, Spain, and other Latin American countries.Following Jaime Campomar's death in 1957, <mask> and his team applied to the National Institutes of Health in the United States desperate for funding, and surprisingly was accepted. In 1958, the Institute found a new home in a former all-girls school, a donation from the Argentine government. As <mask>

masks: Leloir Leloir Leloir Leloir Leloir Leloir


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 and his research gained greater prominence, further research came from the Argentine Research Council, and the Institute would later become associated with the University of Buenos Aires. Later years
In his later years <mask> continued to study glycogen
and other aspects of carbohydrate metabolism. As his work in the laboratory was coming to an end, <mask> continued his teaching position in the Department of Natural Sciences at the University of Buenos Aires, taking a hiatus only to complete his studies at Cambridge and at the Enzyme Research Laboratory in the United States. In 1983, <mask> became one of the founding members of the Third World Academy of Sciences, later renamed the TWAS. Nobel Prize
On December 2, 1970, <mask> received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry from the King of Sweden for his discovery of the metabolic pathways in lactose, becoming only the third Argentine to receive the prestigious honor in any field at the time.In his acceptance speech at Stockholm, he borrowed from Winston Churchill's famous 1940 speech to the House of Commons and remarked, "never have I received so much for so little". Leloir and his team reportedly celebrated by drinking champagne from test tubes, a rare departure from the humility and frugality that characterized the atmosphere of Fundación Instituto Campomar under Leloir's direction. The $80,000 prize money was spent directly on research, and when asked about the significance of his achievement, Leloir responded:

Legacy
Leloir published a short autobiography, entitled "Long Ago and Far Away" in the 1983 Annual Review of Biochemistry. The title, Leloir claims, is derived from one of William Henry Hudson's novels that depicted the country wildlife and scenery of Leloir's childhood.

masks: Leloir Leloir Leloir Leloir


texts: He died in Buenos Aires on December 2, 1987, of a heart attack soon after returning to his home from the laboratory, and is buried in La Recoleta Cemetery. Mario Bunge, a friend and colleague of Leloir, claims that his lasting legacy was proving that "scientific research on an international level, although precarious, was possible in an underdeveloped country in the middle of political strife" and credits Leloir's vigilance and will for his ultimate success. With his research in dire financial straits, Leloir often resorted to homemade gadgets and contraptions to continue his work in the laboratory.In one instance, <mask> reportedly used waterproof cardboard to create makeshift gutters in order to protect his laboratory's library from the rain. Leloir was known for his humility, focus and consistency, described by many as a "true monk in science". Every morning his wife Amelia would drive him in their Fiat 600 and drop him off at 1719 Julián Alvarez Street, location of Fundación Instituto Campomar, with Leloir wearing the same worn out, gray overalls. He worked sitting on the same straw seat for decades and encouraged colleagues to eat lunch in the laboratory to save time, bringing enough meat stew to share with everyone. Indeed, despite Leloir's frugality and extreme dedication to his research, he was a sociable man, claiming not to like working alone. The Fundación Instituto Campomar has since been renamed Fundación Instituto Leloir, and has grown to become a  building with 20 senior researchers, 42 technicians and administrative personnel, 8 post doctorate fellows, and 20 Ph.D. candidates. The Institute conducts research in a variety of fields, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple


texts:
 sclerosis.Awards and distinctions

Bibliography
 Lorenzano, Julio César. Por los caminos de Leloir. Editorial Biblos; 1a edition, July 1994. ISBN 9-5078-6063-0
 Zuberbuhler <mask>, Amelia. Retrato personal de Leloir. Vol. 8, No.25, pp. 45-46, 1983. Nachón, Carlos Alberto. <mask> Leloir: ensayo de una biografía. Bank Foundation of Boston, 1994. References

External links
 Fundación Instituto Leloir
 The Official Site of Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize

1906 births
1987 deaths
Physicians from Buenos Aires
Argentine biochemists
Argentine Nobel laureates
Columbia University faculty
Illustrious Citizens of Buenos Aires
Nobel laureates in Chemistry
Nobel laureates affiliated with Missouri
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
Washington University in St. Louis faculty
University of Buenos Aires alumni
Burials at La Recoleta Cemetery
TWAS

masks:
de Leloir
Luis Federico


texts: <mask> (September 8, 1924 – January 22, 2015) was an American politician from the Commonwealth of Kentucky. He served for twenty-four years in the U.S. Senate and was the 53rd Governor of Kentucky. He was the first person to be successively elected lieutenant governor, governor and United States senator in Kentucky history. The Senate Democratic whip from 1991 to 1999, he was considered the leader of the state's Democratic Party from his election to governor in 1971 until he retired from the Senate in 1999. At the time of his retirement, he was the longest-serving senator in Kentucky's history, a mark which was then surpassed by Mitch McConnell in 2009. He is the most recent Democrat to have served as a Senator from the state of Kentucky. Born in Daviess County, Kentucky, <mask> attended the University of Kentucky, but his studies were interrupted by his service in World War II.After the war, he graduated from the Maryland School of Insurance and returned to Kentucky to help his father with the family insurance business. He also continued his military service in the Kentucky Army National Guard. He worked on the gubernatorial campaign of Bert T. Combs in 1959 and became Combs' executive assistant when Combs was elected governor. Encouraged to run for the Kentucky Senate by Combs' ally and successor, Ned Breathitt, <mask> won the seat and served one four-year term before running for lieutenant governor in 1967. He was elected on a split ticket with Republican Louie B. Nunn. Four years later, <mask> defeated Combs in an upset in the Democratic primary en route to the governorship. As governor, <mask> made the government more efficient by reorganizing and consolidating some departments in the executive branch.He raised revenue for the state through a

masks:
Wendell Hampton Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford


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 severance tax on coal and enacted reforms to the educational system. He purged most of the Republicans from statewide office, including helping Walter "Dee" Huddleston win the Senate seat vacated by the retirement of Republican stalwart John Sherman Cooper. In 1974, Ford himself ousted the other incumbent senator, Republican Marlow Cook. Following the rapid rise of Ford and many of his political allies, he and his lieutenant governor, Julian Carroll, were investigated on charges of political corruption, but a grand jury refused to indict them. As a senator, <mask> was a staunch defender of Kentucky's tobacco industry. He also formed the Senate National Guard Caucus with Missouri senator Kit Bond. Chosen as Democratic party whip in 1991, <mask> considered running for floor leader in 1994 before throwing his support to Connecticut's Christopher Dodd.He retired from the Senate in 1999 and returned to Owensboro, where he taught politics to youth at the Owensboro Museum of Science and History. Early life
<mask> was born near Owensboro, in Daviess County, Kentucky, on September 8, 1924. He was the son of Ernest M. and Irene Woolfork (Schenk) <mask>. His father was a state senator and ally of Kentucky Governor Earle C. Clements. <mask> obtained his early education in the public schools of Daviess County and graduated from Daviess County High School. From 1942 to 1943, he attended the University of Kentucky. On September 18, 1943, <mask> married Jean Neel (1924 - living) of Owensboro at the home of the bride's parents.The couple had two children. Daughter Shirley (<mask>) Dexter was born in 1950 and son <mask> was born in 1954. The family attended First Baptist Church in Owensboro. In 1944, <mask> left the University of Kentucky to join the army, enlisting for

masks:
Ford
Ford
Wendell Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Steven Ford
Ford


texts:
 service in World War II on July 22, 1944. He was trained as an administrative non-commissioned officer and promoted to the rank of technical sergeant on November 17, 1945. Over the course of his service, he received the American Campaign Medal and the World War II Victory Medal and earned the Expert Infantryman Badge and Good Conduct Medal. He was honorably discharged on June 18, 1946.Following the war, <mask> returned home to work with his father in the family insurance business, and graduated from the Maryland School of Insurance in 1947. On June 7, 1949, he enlisted in the Kentucky Army National Guard and was assigned to Company I of the 149th Infantry Regimental Combat Team in Owensboro. On August 7, 1949, he was promoted to Second Lieutenant of Infantry. In 1949, <mask>'s company was converted from infantry to tanks, and <mask> served as a Company Commander in the 240th Tank Battalion. Promoted to First Lieutenant of Armor, he transferred to the inactive Guard in 1956, before being discharged in 1962. Political career
<mask> was very active in civic affairs, becoming the first Kentuckian to serve as president of the Jaycees in 1954. He was a youth chairman of Bert T. Combs' 1959 gubernatorial campaign.After Combs' election, <mask> served as Combs' executive assistant from 1959 to 1963. When his mother died in 1963, <mask> returned to Owensboro to help his father with the family insurance agency. Although it was speculated he would run for lieutenant governor that year, <mask> later insisted he had decided not to re-enter politics until Governor Ned Breathitt asked him to run against Casper "Cap" Gardner, the state senate's majority leader and a major obstacle to Breathitt's progressive legislative agenda. <mask> won the 1965 election by only 305

masks: Ford Ford Ford Ford Ford Ford Ford Ford


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 votes but quickly became a key player in the state senate. Representing the Eighth District, including Daviess and Hancock counties, <mask> introduced 22 major pieces of legislation that became law during his single term in the senate. In 1967, <mask> ran for lieutenant governor, this time against the wishes of Breathitt and Combs, whose pick was state attorney general Robert Matthews. <mask> defeated Matthews by 631 votes, 0.2% of the total vote count in the primary.He ran an independent campaign and won in the general election even as Combs-Breathitt pick Henry Ward lost the race for governor to Republican Louie B. Nunn. Republicans and Democrats split the state offices, with five going to Republicans and four going to Democrats. During his time as lieutenant governor, <mask> rebuilt the state's Democratic machine, which would help elect him and others, including Senator Walter Huddleston and Governor Martha Layne Collins. When Governor Nunn asked the legislature to increase the state sales tax in 1968 from 3 percent to 5 percent, <mask> opposed the measure, saying it should only pass if food and medicine were exempted. Ford lost this battle; the increase passed without exemptions. From 1970 to 1971, <mask> was a member of the Executive Committee of the National Conference of Lieutenant Governors. While lieutenant governor, he became an honorary member of  Lambda Chi Alpha Fraternity in 1969.Governor of Kentucky
At the expiration of his term as lieutenant governor, <mask> was one of eight candidates to enter the 1971 Democratic gubernatorial primary. The favorite of the field was <mask>'s mentor, Combs. During the campaign, <mask> attacked Combs' age and the sales tax enacted during Combs' administration. He also questioned why Combs would leave his

masks: Ford Ford Ford Ford Ford Ford Ford Ford Ford


texts: better-paying federal judgeship to run for a second term as governor. <mask> garnered more votes than Combs and the other six candidates combined, and attributed his unlikely win over Combs in the primary to superior strategy and Combs' underestimation of his candidacy. Following the election, Combs correctly predicted "This is the end of the road for me politically." <mask> went on to win the governorship in a four-way general election that included another former Democratic governor, A.B. "Happy" Chandler, who ran as an independent. Ford finished more than 58,000 votes ahead of his closest rival, Republican Tom Emberton. With Combs and Chandler both out of politics, factionalism in the Kentucky Democratic Party began to wane. As governor, <mask> raised revenue from a severance tax on coal, a two-cent-per-gallon tax on gasoline, and an increased corporate tax. He balanced these increases by exempting food from the state sales tax. The resulting large budget surplus allowed him to propose several construction projects.His victory in the primary had been largely due to Jefferson County, and he returned the favor by approving funds to build the Commonwealth Convention Center and expand the Kentucky Fair and Exposition Center. He also shepherded a package of reforms to the state's criminal justice system through the first legislative session of his term. <mask> oversaw the transition of the University of Louisville from municipal to state funding. He pushed for reforms to the state's education system, giving up his own chairmanship of the University of Kentucky board of trustees and extending voting rights to student and faculty members of university boards. These changes generally shifted administration positions in the state's colleges from political

masks: Ford Ford Ford Ford


texts: rewards to professional appointments. He increased funding to the state's education budget and gave expanded powers to the Council on Higher Education. He vetoed a measure that would have allowed collective bargaining for teachers.<mask> drew praise for his attention to the mundane task of improving the efficiency and organization of executive departments, creating several "super cabinets" under which many departments were consolidated. During the 1972 legislative session, he created the Department of Finance and Administration, combining the functions of the Kentucky Program Development Office and the Department of Finance. Constitutional limits sometimes prevented him from combining like functions, but <mask> made the reorganization a top priority and realized some savings to the state. On March 21, 1972, the U.S. Supreme Court handed down its ruling in the case of Dunn v. Blumstein that found that a citizen who had lived in a state for 30 days was resident in that state and thus eligible to vote there. Kentucky's Constitution required residency of one year in the state, six months in the county and sixty days in the precinct to establish voting eligibility. This issue had to be resolved before the 1972 presidential election in November, so <mask> called a special legislative session to enact the necessary corrections. In addition, Ford added to the General Assembly's agenda the creation of a state environmental protection agency, a refinement of congressional districts in line with the latest census figures and ratification of the recently passed Equal Rights Amendment.All of these measures passed. Despite surgery for a brain aneurysm in June 1972, <mask> attended the 1972 Democratic National Convention in Miami Beach, Florida. He supported Edmund


texts: Muskie for president, but later greeted nominee George McGovern when he visited Kentucky. The convention was the beginning of Ford's role in national politics. Offended by the McGovern campaign's treatment of Democratic finance chairman Robert Schwarz Strauss, he helped Strauss get elected chairman of the Democratic National Committee following McGovern's defeat. As a result of his involvement in Strauss' election, <mask> was elected chair of the Democratic Governors' Conference from 1973 to 1974. He also served as vice-chair of the Conference's Natural Resources and Environmental Management Committee.During the 1974 legislative session, Ford proposed a six-year study of coal liquefaction and gasification in response to the 1973 oil crisis. He also increased funding to human resources and continued his reorganization of the executive branch, creating cabinets for transportation, development, education and the arts, human resources, consumer protection and regulation, safety and justice. He was considered less ruthless than previous governors in firing state officials hired by the previous administration, and expanded the state merit system to cover some previously exempt state workers. Despite the expansion, he was criticized for the replacements he made, particularly that of the state personnel commissioner appointed during the Nunn administration. Critics also cited the fact that employees found qualified by the merit examination were still required to obtain political clearance before they were hired. Ford united the state's Democratic Party, allowing them to capture a seat in the U.S. Senate in 1972 for the first time since 1956. The seat was vacated by the retirement of Republican John Sherman Cooper and won by Ford's campaign manager, Walter "Dee"


texts: Huddleston.Ford's friends then began lobbying him to try and unseat Kentucky's other Republican senator, one-term legislator Marlow Cook. Ford wanted lieutenant governor Julian Carroll, who had run on an informal slate with Combs in the 1971 primary, to run for Cook's seat, but Carroll already had his eye on the governor's chair. Ford's allies did not have a gubernatorial candidate stronger than Carroll, and when a poll showed that <mask> was the only Democrat who could defeat Cook, he agreed to run, announcing his candidacy immediately following the 1974 legislative session. A primary issue during the election was the construction of a dam on the Red River. Cook opposed the dam, but Ford supported it and allocated some of the state's budget surplus to its construction. In the election, Ford defeated Cook by a vote of 399,406 to 328,982, completing his revitalization of the state's Democratic party by personally ousting the last Republican from major office. Cook resigned his seat in December so that Ford would have a higher standing in seniority in the Senate.Ford resigned as governor to accept the seat, leaving the governorship to Carroll, who dropped state support for the project, killing it. In the wake of the rapid ascent of Ford and members of his faction to the state's major political offices, he and Carroll were investigated in a corruption probe. The four-year investigation began in 1977 and focused on a state insurance kickback scheme alleged to have operated during Ford's tenure. In June 1972, Ford had purchased insurance policies for state workers from some of his political backers without competitive bidding. State law did not require competitive bidding, and earlier governors had engaged in similar practices. Investigators believed there


texts:
 was an arrangement in which insurance companies getting government contracts split commissions with party officials, although Ford was suspected of allowing the practice for political benefit rather than personal financial gain. In 1981, prosecutors asked for indictments against Ford and Carroll on racketeering charges but a grand jury refused.Because grand jury proceedings are secret, what exactly occurred has never been publicly revealed. However, state Republicans maintained that <mask> took the Fifth Amendment while on the stand, invoking his right against self-incrimination. <mask> refused to confirm or deny this report. A federal grand jury recommended that Ford be indicted in connection with the insurance scheme, but the U.S. Department of Justice did not act on this recommendation. United States Senate
<mask> entered the Senate in 1974 and was reelected in 1980, 1986 and 1992. In the 1980 primary, <mask> received only token opposition from attorney Flora Stuart. He was unopposed in the 1986 and 1992 Democratic primaries.Republicans failed to put forward a viable challenger during any of Ford's re-election bids. In 1980, he defeated septuagenarian former state auditor Mary Louise Foust by 334,862 votes. Ford's 720,891 votes represented 65 percent of the total votes cast in the election, a record for a statewide race in Kentucky. Against Republican Jackson Andrews IV in 1986, Ford shattered that record, securing 74 percent of the votes cast and carrying all 120 Kentucky counties. State senator David L. Williams fared little better in 1992, surrendering 477,002 votes to Ford (63 percent). <mask> seriously considered leaving the Senate and running for governor again in 1983 and 1991, but decided against it both times. In the 1983 contest, he would

masks: Ford Ford Ford Ford Ford


texts: have faced sitting lieutenant governor Martha Layne Collins in the primary.Collins was a factional ally of Ford's, which influenced his decision. In 1991, Ford cited his seniority in the Senate and desire to become Democratic Senate whip as factors in his decision not to run for governor. Early in his career, Ford supported a constitutional amendment against desegregation busing. He also floated a proposal to put the federal budget on a two-year cycle, believing too much time was spent annually on budget wrangling. This idea, based on the model used in the Kentucky state budget, was never implemented. During the Ninety-fifth Congress (1977–1979), he was chairman of the Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences. From 1977 to 1983, Ford was a member of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee.He first sought the post of Democratic whip in 1988, but lost to California's Alan Cranston, who had held the post since 1977. <mask> got a late start in the race, and a New York Times writer opined that he overestimated his chances of unseating Cranston. Immediately after conceding his loss, he announced he would be a candidate for the position in the next election in 1990. He again faced Cranston in the election, but Cranston withdrew from the race due to a battle with prostate cancer. <mask> maintained that he had enough commitments of support in the Democratic caucus to have won without Cranston's withdrawal. When majority leader George J. Mitchell retired from the Senate in 1994, <mask> showed some interest in the Democratic floor leader post. Ultimately, he decided against it, choosing to focus instead on Kentucky issues.He supported Christopher Dodd for majority leader. During the Ninety-eighth Congress (1983–1985), <mask> served on the Select Committee


texts: to Study the Committee System, and he was a member of the Committee on Rules and Administration in the One Hundredth through One Hundred Third Congresses (1987–1995). In 1989, he joined with Missouri senator Kit Bond to form the Senate National Guard Caucus, a coalition of senators committed to advancing National Guard capabilities and readiness. <mask> said he was motivated to form the caucus after seeing the work done by Mississippi Representative Sonny Montgomery with the National Guard Association and the National Guard Bureau. <mask> co-chaired the caucus with Bond until <mask>'s retirement from the Senate in 1999. The Kentucky Army Guard dedicated the Wendell H. Ford Training Center in Muhlenberg County, Kentucky in 1998. In 1999, the National Guard Bureau presented Ford with the Sonny Montgomery Award, its highest honor.Missouri senator Thomas Eagleton opined that Ford and Dee Huddleston made "probably the best one-two combination for any state in the Senate." Both were defenders of tobacco, Kentucky's primary cash crop. Ford sat on the Commerce Committee, influencing legislation affecting the manufacturing end of the tobacco industry, while Huddleston sat on the Agriculture Committee and protected programs that benefited tobacco farmers. Both were instrumental in salvaging the Tobacco Price Support Program. Ford got tobacco exempted from the Consumer Product Safety Act and was a consistent opponent of cigarette tax increases. He sponsored an amendment to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade that limited the amount of foreign tobacco that could be imported by the United States. Later in his career, Ford split with Huddleston's successor, Mitch McConnell, over a proposed settlement of lawsuits against tobacco companies.Ford favored the

masks: Ford Ford Ford


texts: package as presented to Congress, which would have protected the price support program, while McConnell favored a smaller aid package to tobacco farmers and an end to the price support program. Both proposals were ultimately defeated, and the rift between Ford and McConnell never healed. As chairman of the Commerce Committee's aviation subcommittee, Ford secured funds to improve the airports in Louisville, northern Kentucky, and Glasgow. The Wendell H. Ford Airport in Hazard, Kentucky is named for him. A 1990 bill aimed at reducing aircraft noise, improving airline safety measures, and requiring airlines to better inform consumers about their performance was dubbed the Wendell H. Ford Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century. Of his career in the Senate, Ford said "I wasn't interested in national issues. I was interested in Kentucky issues."Nevertheless, he influenced several important pieces of federal legislation. He sponsored an amendment to the Family Medical Leave Act exempting businesses with fewer than fifty employees. He was a key player in securing passage of the motor voter law in 1993. He supported increases to the federal minimum wage and a 1996 welfare reform bill. A supporter of research into clean coal technology, he also worked with West Virginia senator Jay Rockefeller to secure better retirement benefits for coal miners. Never known as a major player on international issues, Ford favored continued economic sanctions against Iraq as an alternative to the Gulf War. He voted against the Panama Canal Treaty, which he perceived to be unpopular with Kentucky voters.Despite having chaired Bill Clinton's inaugural committee in 1993, <mask> broke with the administration by voting against the North American Free Trade Agreement .


texts:
 As he had as governor of Kentucky, <mask> gave attention to improving the efficiency of government. While serving on the Joint Committee on Printing during the One Hundred First and One Hundred Third Congresses, he saved the government millions of dollars in printing costs by printing in volume and using recycled paper. In 1998, Virginia senator John Warner sponsored the Wendell H. <mask> Government Publications Reform Act of 1998; Ford signed on as a co-sponsor. The bill would have eliminated the Joint Committee on Printing, distributing its authority and functions among the Senate Rules Committee, the House Oversight Committee, and the administrator of the Government Printing Office. It would also have centralized government printing services and penalized government agencies who did not make their documents available to the printing office to be printed. Opponents of the bill cited the broad powers granted to the printing office and concerns about the erosion of copyright protection.The bill was reported favorably out of committee, but was squeezed from the legislative calendar by issues related to the impending impeachment of Bill Clinton. Warner did not return to his chairmanship of the Joint Committee on Printing in the next congress, Ford retired from the Senate, and the bill was not re-introduced. Later life
Ford chose not to seek a fifth term in 1998, and retired to Owensboro. In 1998 he was named an Honorary Member of the American Library Association. He worked for a time as a consultant to Washington lobbying and law firm Dickstein Shapiro Morin & Oshinsky. At the time of his retirement, Ford was the longest-serving senator in Kentucky history. In January 2009, Mitch McConnell surpassed Ford's mark of 24 years in the Senate.In August 1978,

masks: Ford Ford


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 the US 60 bypass around Owensboro was renamed the Wendell H. Ford Expressway. The Western Kentucky Parkway was also renamed the Wendell H. Ford Western Kentucky Parkway during the administration of Governor Paul E. Patton. In 2009, <mask> was inducted into the Kentucky Transportation Hall of Fame. Later in life, <mask> taught politics to the youth of Owensboro from the Owensboro Museum of Science and History, which houses a replica of his Senate office. On July 19, 2014, the Messenger-Inquirer reported that <mask> had been diagnosed with lung cancer. <mask> died at his home on January 22, 2015, at the age of 90 from lung cancer, and was buried at Rosehill Elmwood Cemetery. References

Bibliography

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1924 births
2015 deaths
United States Army personnel of World War II
Baptists from Kentucky
Deaths from cancer in Kentucky
Deaths from lung cancer
Democratic Party state governors of the United States
Democratic Party United States senators
Governors of Kentucky
Kentucky Democrats
Kentucky state senators
Lieutenant Governors of Kentucky
Politicians from Owensboro, Kentucky
United States Army officers
United States senators from Kentucky
20th-century Baptists
Kentucky National Guard personnel
National Guard of the United States officers
20th-century American


texts:
<mask> (born 18 March 1985) is an English singer, disc jockey, television presenter and radio host who currently presents the Monday–Thursday late night show across the Capital Network. He previously hosted The Official Big Top 40 chart show across UK commercial radio stations on a Sunday afternoon, between 2013 & 2018. He is best known as a member of the 4-piece boyband JLS, the runner-up boyband to Alexandra Burke in the fifth series of The X Factor. After a successful five years, JLS split in December 2013, but reunited in February 2020. Between 2014 and 2016, Humes hosted BBC One's The Voice UK with Emma Willis and created a DJ-Producer-dance act LuvBug. Early life
<mask> was born on 18 March 1985, in Greenwich, London. He is the son of a Jamaican father and Anglo-Scottish mother and is the middle child between two brothers, Leon and Jackson.<mask> started his music career in a band called VS which was created by Blue member Simon Webbe; however shortly after being formed and releasing an album, they split. <mask> appeared in Holby City on the BBC for three years from 2000 to 2003, playing Robbie Waring for 14 episodes. At the age of 14, he starred in a children's programme called K-Club, which helped people with computers and how they work. Career

Beginnings and The X Factor
Oritsé Williams decided to get into the music business mainly. He was originally scouted for a number of boy bands but did not feel they were right, Williams decided to form his own boy band and, through friends, met <mask> who had experience in R&B and pop music, being a part of VS in 2004. Next to join was Aston Merrygold, who was once cast in the ITV children's programme Fun Song Factory, because of his athletic ability. Last to join the group was JB Gill, for his "musical ear" and harmonies.They bonded, became friends and together they were

masks:
Marvin Richard James Humes
Humes
Humes
Humes
Marvin Humes


texts: called UFO (an initialism of Unique Famous Outrageous). They signed to Tracklacers developing a sound they then called "Jack the Lad Swing", combining the phrase "Jack the lad" and the urban music of new jack swing. While working their way into the music business, UFO instantly signed to Epic Records, before winning their first award in late 2007 at the Urban Music Awards for Best Unsigned Act thanks to their mash-up of "Stand by Me" by Ben E. King and "Beautiful Girls" by Sean Kingston. Shortly thereafter, they released their second single, "Slap Ya Elbow". The group give credit to "DJ Triz" who produced one of UFO's first songs and helped them write it. In 2008, UFO auditioned for the fifth series of The X Factor, but had to change their name because it was already being used by another group, so they decided to go with the name JLS (an initialism of Jack the Lad Swing, the style created with Tracklacers some months ago). Following the elimination of girl groups Bad Lashes and Girlband in weeks one and two respectively, JLS were Louis Walsh's last remaining act in the competition, but throughout the live shows the judges called them the best band to come out of The X Factor.In week 7, JLS were in the bottom two along with Rachel Hylton. However, they survived, thanks to votes from Walsh, Cheryl Cole and Simon Cowell. Cowell stated when casting his deciding vote that JLS did not deserve to be in the bottom two. In week 8, JLS performed "...Baby One More Time" and received negative comments from two of the four judges, with Cowell saying "at the moment you're out", but after their second performance, "You Light Up My Life", Cowell commented that they were "back in the race" and that they could "have a hit record" with the performance. In week 9, JLS performed "Umbrella" and "I'm Already There". Cowell then predicted they


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 would win the competition. They made it to the final and performed their own version of the winner's song, "Hallelujah", which the other finalist Alexandra Burke also performed.The public voted for the second time that night and Burke won the competition, JLS becoming the runners up. They were the fourth band to make the final. Following their success on The X Factor, Cowell's record company, Syco, were going to sign JLS; however, Cowell revoked this offer, having instead decided to focus on Alexandra Burke. JLS's manager thought the band would be well suited to Epic Records, with whom they signed a record contract in January 2009. 2006–2013: JLS

Following their appearance on The X Factor, JLS signed to Epic Records. Their first two singles "Beat Again" and "Everybody in Love" both went to number one on the UK Singles Chart. The band's self-titled debut album was released on 9 November 2009, and has since sold over one million copies in the UK.JLS won the awards for British Breakthrough and British Single ("Beat Again") at the 2010 BRIT Awards. They also won several awards at the Mobo Awards for Best song for "Beat Again" in 2009 and also Best Newcomer in the same year. In 2010, they won the MOBO Awards for Best UK act and Best Album. They also went on to win their fifth MOBO Award in 2012 by winning Best Video for "Do You Feel What I Feel?". They won the title of the UK's hardest-working band for two constitutive years, in 2011 and 2012. In 2010, JLS signed a record deal in the United States with Jive Records, and released "Everybody in Love" as their debut US single, but it failed to chart. "The Club Is Alive", the lead single from their second studio album, was released in the UK in July 2010, and earned the band their third number-one on the UK Singles Chart.Their single "Love You More", the official single for


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 Children in Need in 2010, was the group's fourth UK number one. Their single "She Makes Me Wanna" featuring Dev was their fifth UK number one. As of 2012, their debut album and single has been named one of The X Factors top ten biggest-selling debut singles and albums. JLS have sold more than 10 million records worldwide. As of 2013, they are the sixteenth richest reality TV stars in the UK, with an estimated fortune of £6 million per member, totalling £24 million. In December 2012, Humes signed with an acting agent, hoping that landing a part in a credible show would give him the platform to launch a career in acting after JLS came to an end. On 24 April 2013, it was announced that the band were to split after their fifth album and tour.They released their last book as a band, called Forever and a Day, One Last Goodbye X, on 24 October 2013. JLS' last ever performance was on 22 December 2013 on the last night of their "Goodbye - The Greatest Hits Tour". LuvBug

On 23 July 2014, <mask> announced through social networking sites that he had formed a new dance group featuring 'The White N3RD & JKAY called LuvBug. They were officially signed to Polydor Records and their first single, "Resonance" featuring Talay Riley, was released on 5 October 2014. It charted at number 13 on the week of 18 October 2014. The follow-up single, "Revive (Say Something)" was number 17 in the UK charts in February 2015. LuvBug first aired their new single "Best is Yet to Come" on 5 February 2016 and it was released in April 2016.Radio
In March 2013, <mask> began hosting his own radio show, #FridayNightCapital on the Capital network on Friday evenings between 7pm and 10pm as the official start of "The Weekend Lives on Capital". On 5 January 2014, <mask> replaced Rich Clarke on The Vodafone Big Top 40 with Kat Shoob, which airs on Sundays from 4pm to

masks: Humes Humes Humes


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 7pm on Capital, Heart, and over 100 commercial music radio stations. He left the show in 2018. On 11 March 2016, Global announced that Humes would take control of the Capital Late Show, which runs Monday-Thursday 10pm-1am, to replace Will Cozens. It was announced that <mask> would co-present the One Love Manchester on Global Radio stations on 4 June 2017. Television
Humes made his television presenting debut on 23 August 2013, when he co-presented ITV's This Morning with his wife Rochelle <mask>. The couple later became regular stand-in presenters until 2015.<mask> was a regular reporter for ITV's Surprise Surprise programme, hosted by Holly Willoughby. In September 2013, <mask> was confirmed as Reggie Yates' replacement for the third series of  BBC One's The Voice UK, which began on 11 January 2014. He hosted series 3, 4 and 5 with Emma Willis. The show moved to ITV in 2017, without Humes as co-presenter. Since 2016, <mask> has co-presented BBC's Children in Need appeal with his wife, Rochelle <mask>. He played Apollo Creed in an episode of The Keith & Paddy Picture Show. On 20 November 2018, it was announced that <mask> would co-host a music quiz show with wife Rochelle <mask> on BBC One.The Hit List began in May 2019 and was recommissioned for a second series to air later that year. A third series was commissioned and was set to air in  2020. On 19 November 2020, <mask> guest presented the ITV daytime show Loose Women, by making history to be the first male presenter in the show's 21 year history as well as an all male panel. Other ventures

Products and endorsements
In September 2010, a "<mask> doll" was launched, along with the other three members of JLS. Updated dolls were produced for the launch of JLS' 2nd album "Outta This World". Durex teamed up with JLS to produce a condom range called "Just Love Safe", with each

masks: Humes Humes Humes Humes Humes Humes Humes Humes Humes Marvin


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 member of the group having their own box and <mask>'s box being green. JLS also released their iconic hoodie range.In 2010, JLS endorsed Nintendo Wii Party appearing in seven different TV advertisements. JLS were also part of the Walkers crisps "Make sandwich more exciting" advertising campaign, their performance at Sandwich Technology School appeared on the television ad alongside other celebrities such as Gary Lineker, Pamela Anderson and Jenson Button. In May 2020, <mask> was announced as the Menswear ambassador for UK retailer Next. Philanthropy
JLS founded "The JLS Foundation" a foundation that sets out to raise money for six charities: Cancer Research UK, Rays of Sunshine, Brook, Childline, BeatBullying and the MS Society. Despite the split, the foundation still exists and all members are still committed to continue the foundation. All sales from the JLS number one single "Love You More" went to Children In Need. In 2012, JLS performed at the "Children In Need Rocks Manchester" concert performing "Take a Chance on Me".In 2013, JLS appeared on Children In Need for the last time, where the group sang a medley of songs on the EastEnders set. JLS has also helped raise money for Comic Relief, appearing in comedy sketches with both Miranda Hart and James Corden. In 2012, JLS visited Uganda for Sport Relief, appearing in emotional VT's across the night. The same year JLS released the official sport relief charity single "Proud", which peaked at number 6 in the chart, as well as hosting a special charity concert "JLS sing for Sport Relief" and doing the Sport Relief Mile. In total, JLS have recorded five charity singles: a cover of Mariah Carey's song "Hero" as part of the X Factor 2008 finalists (for Help for Heroes), "Wishing On A Star" Xfactor finalists ft. JLS and One Direction (For organization Together for Short Lives)

masks: Marvin Humes


texts:
 "Love You More" (for Children In Need), "Proud" (for Sport Relief) and "Everybody Hurts" (for Helping Haiti). Four out of five of these charity singles got to number one on the UK Singles Chart. Online
In late 2013, Humes launched "The Marvin Humes Channel" a "website and app for iPhone or Android smartphone devices that allows you to catch up on <mask>'s activity 24 hours a day".This channel has since stopped. <mask> now has a website. Personal life
Humes is a fan of Chelsea F.C. His biggest inspiration is Michael Jackson. Humes married The Saturdays singer Rochelle Wiseman on 27 July 2012 at Blenheim Palace. They have two daughters and one son. Humes was nominated for "Celebrity Dad of the Year 2013", but lost to Olympic gold medallist Mo Farah.In June 2016, he played for England in the 2016 Soccer Aid, which was broadcast on ITV. In August 2018, Humes was a subject of the UK genealogy programme Who Do You Think You Are? Filmography
Television
K-Club – presenter
Holby City (2000–2003) – Robbie Waring
The X Factor (2008) – contestant, as part of JLS
This Morning (2013–2015) – stand-in presenter, with Rochelle Humes
Surprise Surprise (2013–2015) – reporter
The Voice UK (2014–2016) – co-presenter, with Emma Willis
Children in Need (2016–2018) – co-presenter, with Rochelle Humes
The Keith & Paddy Picture Show (2017) – Apollo Creed
MOBO Awards (2017) – co-presenter, with Maya Jama
The Hit List (2019–present) - co-presenter, with Rochelle Humes
Loose Women (2020) - Presenter, with panellists Ronan Keating, Roman Kemp and Iain Stirling

References

External links
Official website
Marvin Humes Channel
JLS Website

1985 births
English people of Jamaican descent
English people of Scottish descent
21st-century Black British male singers
Living people
People from Greenwich
JLS members
Capital (radio network)
Black British television

masks: Marvin Marvin


texts:
<mask> II (born October 6, 1946) is an American attorney and politician who is a U.S. representative from Texas. A member of the Democratic Party, he has represented a district based in Austin since 1995, currently numbered as Texas's 35th congressional district. Doggett is the only Democrat to represent any part of Austin in Congress. Doggett was previously a member of the Texas State Senate and a justice of the Texas Supreme Court. Early life and education
Doggett was born in Austin, the son of Alyce Paulin (Freydenfeldt) and <mask>. His maternal grandparents were Swedish. Doggett graduated Omicron Delta Kappa and received both a bachelor's degree in business administration and a Juris Doctor degree from the University of Texas at Austin, where he served as student body president his senior year.While attending the University of Texas at Austin, he also joined Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity. Early career
Doggett served as a member of the Texas Senate from 1973 to 1985. He was the Democratic nominee for the 1984 United States Senate election in Texas, losing to the Republican candidate, Phil Gramm. Doggett authored the bill creating the Texas Commission on Human Rights, as well as a law outlawing "cop killer" bullets and a "sunset law" requiring periodic review of government agencies. He gained attention in 1979 as a member of the "Killer Bees", a group of 12 Democratic state senators who opposed a plan to move the state's presidential primary to March 11. The intent was to give former governor John Connally a leg up on the 1980 Republican nomination. The Killer Bees wanted a closed primary.When this proposal was rejected, they walked out of the chamber and left the Senate two members short of a quorum. The

masks:
Lloyd Alton Doggett
Lloyd Alton Doggett


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 bill was withdrawn five days later. In 1989, Doggett became both a justice of the Texas Supreme Court and an adjunct professor at the University of Texas School of Law. U.S. House of Representatives

Elections
Before 2012
<mask> was elected to the House of Representatives in 1994 in what was then the 10th district after 32-year incumbent Jake Pickle retired. He was one of the few Democrats to win an open seat in that year's massive Republican landslide. Running for reelection in 1996, Doggett defeated Republican nominee <mask>, to whom he is no relation. It marked the second election in a row in which he defeated a black female Republican.In the years following his first reelection, <mask> consistently won around 85% of the vote, facing only Libertarian opponents. The 10th, which had once been represented by Lyndon Johnson, had long been a liberal Democratic bastion in increasingly Republican Texas. Redistricting by the Texas Legislature in 2003 split Austin, which had been entirely or almost entirely in the 10th district for more than a century, into three districts. Through Republican gerrymandering, <mask>'s home wound up in a new, heavily Republican 10th district stretching from north central Austin to the Houston suburbs. Most of his former territory wound up on the 25th district, which consisted of a long tendril stretching from Austin to McAllen on the Mexican border. It was called "the fajita strip" or "the bacon strip" because of its shape. Doggett moved to the newly configured 25th and entered the Democratic primary—the real contest in the heavily Democratic, majority-Hispanic district.He won the primary and the general election. On June 28, 2006, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the

masks:
Doggett
Teresa Doggett
Doggett
Doggett


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 nearby 23rd district's lines violated the rights of Latino voters. As part of the 2003 redistricting, heavily Democratic and majority-Latino Laredo had largely been cut out of the 23rd and replaced by several heavily Republican areas near San Antonio. The decision turned on the fact that the 23rd was a protected majority-Latino district—in other words, if the 23rd was ever redrawn to put Latinos in a minority, an acceptable majority-Latino district had to be created in its place. While the new 23rd was 55% Latino, only 46% of its voting population was Latino. The Court therefore found that the 23rd was not an acceptable Latino-majority district. It also found that the 25th was not compact enough to be an acceptable replacement because the two Latino communities in the district were more than 300 miles apart, creating the impression that it had been deliberately drawn to pick up as many Latinos as possible without regard to compactness.Due to the 23rd's size, the ruling forced the redrawing of five districts between El Paso and San Antonio, including the 25th. For the 2006 election, <mask> regained most of his old base in Austin (though not the area around the University of Texas at Austin, which stayed in the 21st), and also picked up several suburbs southeast of the city. After skating to reelection in 2006 and 2008, he was held to only 52 percent of the vote in 2010—his closest race since 1996. 2012

It was reported that the new Congressional maps in Texas turned <mask>'s district from a strongly Democratic district into a strongly Republican one. The new map split <mask>'s old territory among five districts. His home was placed in a new, heavily Republican 25th district stretching from east Austin all the

masks: Doggett Doggett Doggett


texts: way to the fringes of Fort Worth. Much of his old base was placed in the newly created 35th district, a majority-Hispanic district stretching from San Antonio to eastern Austin.Doggett's home was approximately five blocks east of the 35th. It appeared that the Republican-controlled state legislature had gerrymandered the district by packing as many Democrats in the San Antonio-Austin corridor into it as possible. Doggett accused the Republicans of wanting to make it difficult, if not impossible, for an Anglo Democrat to be elected to Congress from Texas, saying, "The Republican Party is determined to make the Democratic Party a party of minorities—that is what this is about, as well." He added that the Republicans were deliberately trying to reduce Austin's clout in Congress by "deny[ing] the capital city an opportunity to have a district that reflects the capital city." He was faced with the choice between running in the reconfigured 25th or moving, joking that he would live in a Winnebago to be able to run in the newly created 35th. Doggett was set to face State Representative Joaquin Castro in the 35th district primary election. The race was described as the biggest threat to Doggett's survival yet, with Castro seen as a "rising star" in the Democratic party.Doggett accused Castro of working alongside Republicans throughout the redistricting process. The Republican House Redistricting Committee later said that any discussions with Castro took place after the area for the district was decided. Castro opted to run in the neighboring 20th district after its incumbent, Charlie Gonzalez, announced his retirement. Doggett eventually decided to run in the 35th district, facing Bexar County assessor Sylvia Romo.


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 Before the primary, he said that he would move into the district if he won. Political commentators suggested that Romo had the district numbers in her favor, but was attempting the difficult leap from local office to Congress, while Doggett had a huge amount of funding. Doggett stressed his long tenure as a progressive Democrat, saying he wanted to "stoutly defend Social Security, Medicare, and national health care", and also touted his strong support for higher education programs and public education.By contrast, Romo's campaign stressed her tax knowledge and CPA license, focusing on her potential to help with Congressional tax reform and economic growth. <mask> won the primary with 73.2% of the vote. He performed strongly in San Antonio, an area he had never before represented. The district is so heavily Democratic that he was heavily favored to win the general election in November. He easily defeated Republican nominee Susan Narvaiz in the general election to become the first Anglo Democrat to represent a significant portion of San Antonio since Chick Kazen left office in 1985. 2016
<mask> won his 12th House term in 2016. With 124,612 votes (63.1%), he again defeated Narvaiz, who polled 62,384 (31.6%).Two other contenders held the remaining 5.4% of the vote. 2022

Texas's population growth resulted in its gaining two congressional seats after the 2020 census. In October 2021, <mask> announced that he would run for reelection in the state's new 37th district rather than his current 35th. Austin was split between five districts on the previous congressional map, and the Republican members of Congress who represented the area began facing closer reelection margins later in the decade due to the city's


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 overwhelmingly Democratic voting patterns. Republican state legislators decided to draw a new district almost entirely within Travis County in order to bolster Republican margins in surrounding districts. <mask>'s decision to run in the 37th district creates a vacancy in the 35th, which runs along Interstate 35 from the Austin to San Antonio. Both seats are overwhelmingly Democratic, meaning the winner of the Democratic primary will almost certainly be sworn in to the 118th Congress in January 2023.Tenure
Described as an "endangered species", Doggett was one of only three white male Democratic House members from Texas in the 113th Congress (the others being Gene Green and Beto O'Rourke) in a state with mostly Republicans and minority members of the Democratic Party. Since Green's and O'Rourke's retirements after the 2018 election, <mask> is the only white male Democrat representing Texas in Congress. He is one of the most liberal white Democrats from a Southern district, and one of the most liberal people ever to represent Texas in Congress. David Hawkings of Roll Call described his tax and environmental policies as "muscular progressivism". Doggett was a frequent critic of former Speaker Newt Gingrich while allying with David Bonior, the Democratic whip, when Bonior was leading "an effort to diminish Gingrich's power by raising continual questions about his ethics." He has been a close ally of Nancy Pelosi. In 2002, he supported her successful bid for Democratic leader over fellow Texan Martin Frost, a more moderate candidate.On the local level, Doggett helped ensure the development of the Austin Outpatient Clinic, which opened in 2011 as the largest veterans' clinic of its kind in the country. In 2014, he

masks: Doggett Doggett


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 secured passage of legislation to expand the Missions National Park and supported it being named a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Doggett has long supported more open government, and is also a leading advocate for campaign finance reform. On the Ways and Means Committee, he has sought to close many overseas tax shelters. Doggett has authored legislation to create tax incentives for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and to create a nationwide Silver Alert system. From 2011 to 2016, he served as ranking member of the Human Resources Subcommittee and in 2017 became ranking member of the Tax Policy Subcommittee. His priorities there included education, health care, preventing child abuse, reducing prescription drug prices, fighting poverty, and eliminating multinational tax shelters and loopholes.Abortion
Doggett is pro-choice. In 2003 he voted against a bill that would have banned all partial-birth abortions. He was given a 100% by the NARAL. He voted in favor of a bill to provide federal funding for embryonic stem cell research in 2007. Environment
Doggett supports environmental preservation. He is one of the leading opponents in the House of drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Reserve in Alaska. The League of Conservation Voters gave Doggett a 100% rating, an indication that he supports the group's interpretation of environmental preservation.In the 110th Congress (2007–08), he wrote climate change legislation that would have gone further to reduce greenhouse gases than bills his party's leaders supported. In June 2009, Doggett voted for the American Clean Energy and Security Act, a bill that would have established an emissions trading system for American producers of carbon dioxide. He said, "It has


texts:
 been a difficult and significant decision". "I just decided that I will have a better chance to make changes later in the process if I acted in good faith now. But don't think this means I'm signing off on the conference report", he added. In 2018, Doggett was rated 100% by the group Clean Water Action. Gay rights
Doggett voted against the Federal Marriage Amendment in the 109th Congress.He voted against HR 4380 and HR 2587, bills that would have banned adoption by same-sex couples. In 1996, Doggett voted for the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), but in 2011 he co-sponsored the Respect for Marriage Act, which would repeal DOMA. Taxes
Doggett introduced legislation focused on restricting American companies from using overseas strategies to reduce their corporate tax rates. When Obama unveiled his plan in May 2009 to significantly change how U.S.-based multinationals are taxed, it included aspects of <mask>'s proposals to crack down on tax dodgers. He voted against the 2010 tax compromise, criticizing the renewal of the Bush tax cuts, saying "This bill is largely a mishmash of rejected Republican ideas that cost too much to accomplish too little." He led a group of Democrats who "criticized the inclusion of a Social Security payroll tax reduction, saying it would endanger the soundness of the program." In 2010, Doggett was responsible for an amendment to an education jobs bill that would mandate that Texas keep the same amount of education funding for three years in order to receive $832 million in federal money.Rick Perry called it "an unconstitutional anti-Texas amendment" and later filed a lawsuit after the Department of Education declined the application for funds. In 2015, Doggett introduced legislation to


texts:
 close a loophole that allows tax writeoffs for senior executive bonuses, calling it "a perverse incentive for companies: the more you pay your executives, the less you'll pay in taxes." Energy
Doggett has backed bills to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and supports cap-and-trade as well as clean technologies. He supported the 2009 climate-change bill, "despite claiming it didn't do enough to protect the environment." He said it stripped the EPA of too much power and was too beneficial to coal plants and "other polluters." Doggett supports auctioning carbon allowances, and has worked to make legislation usually associated with the House Ways and Means Committee to be associated with the Energy and Commerce Committee. In June 2015, Doggett voted against fast-track Trade Promotion Authority, calling it a "charter for corporate America rather than a high-level trade agreement."He criticized the U.S. Trade Representative for failing to enforce labor and environmental standards. "Usually, the reason that USTR fails is that it doesn't really try," he said. 'Asleep at the Wheel' is a great Texas swing band, but it is a horrible philosophy for trade law enforcement." In 2015, Doggett's continued interest in international affairs was reflected in his support for the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), the Iran nuclear deal. Together with Representatives David Price and Jan Schakowsky, Doggett organized a successful whip effort to ensure Congress did not obstruct nuclear negotiations with Iran. Health care
In March 2010, Doggett voted for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Before his vote, he cited concerns that the bill did not include enough affordability, insurance competition provisions, and


texts:
 consumer protection provisions.Originally an advocate of a public option, he conceded the option in the final vote. In 2015, Congress passed <mask>'s NOTICE Act, which ensures that hospitalized seniors are notified whether they are in outpatient observation or inpatient care, saving them the sticker shock from realizing Medicare may not cover their skilled nursing facility care as expected. Doggett sponsored the Medicare Identity Theft Prevention Act, which was enacted in 2015 and protects seniors from identity theft by removing Social Security numbers from Medicare cards. Another of Doggett's sponsored bills, the Ensuring Access to Clinical Trials Act, was enacted that same year. It allows patients with rare diseases to receive some compensation for clinical trial participation, without that compensation counting toward income eligibility limits for Social Security income or Medicaid. Doggett has said Republicans in Congress and "ideological groups that have never accepted the idea of social insurance" pose a greater threat to Social Security than the country's aging population. Doggett founded the House Prescription Drug Task Force to tackle the cost of prescription drugs.Doggett co-sponsored the Medicare for All Act of 2019. Criticism of healthcare opponents
In August 2009, a "rally" against Obamacare broke out after Doggett said that he would support it even if his constituents opposed it. The protesters, who chanted "just say no", were later criticized by Doggett, who called them a "mob" and "extremists", and said the group was part of the "party of no." Of the situation, he said: "Their fanatical insistence on repealing Social Security and Medicare is not just about halting health care reform but


texts:
 rolling back 75 years of progress." Doggett said he was committed to individual choices. Doggett reportedly tried to answer questions, but felt the demonstrators opposed all government programs, including Social Security and Medicare, in addition to the health care plan. He said that "[i]n Texas, not only with the weather but with the politics, it is pretty hardball around here ...I have a pretty thick skin about all of this. But this really goes over the line.'" Immigration
Doggett supports a guest worker program for undocumented immigrants. In 2004, he voted against a bill that would have required hospitals to report undocumented immigrants who received hospital treatment to the Department of Justice. The Federation for American Immigration Reform, an anti-immigration organization classified by the Southern Poverty Law Center as a hate group, gave Doggett a score of 0% in 2003. Doggett also supports the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, which grants undocumented immigrants brought to the U.S. at a young age, known as "Dreamers", access to work permits and deportation relief. Iraq
Doggett was one of the leading opponents of the authorization of the Iraq War in 2003 and called for a timetable for U.S. troops pulling out of Iraq.On May 24, 2007, he was one of 140 Democrats and two Republicans to vote against HR 2206, a bill that would provide emergency supplemental appropriations for funding the war, and in 2009 he was one of only 30 representatives to vote against HR 2346, which provided funding to continue war. Education
In 2009, as part of the Obama administration's American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, Doggett authored the American Opportunity Tax Credit, which provides a refundable


texts:
 credit for some tuition and related expenses. Other social service issues
In January 2013, Doggett passed a bill into law setting up a national commission to examine ways to reduce the number of children who die of abuse and neglect. More children die in Texas of abuse and neglect than in any other state. The tax and spending deal approved that month to avoid a so-called "fiscal cliff" included an extension of a higher-education tax credit he had proposed. He also worked with Representative Sam Johnson to pass a bill through the House in December 2012 to authorize the phased removal of Social Security numbers from Medicare cards to crack down on identity theft. Trump administration
Doggett was a vocal critic of President Donald Trump, skipping his inauguration to speak at the Women's March at the State Capitol in Austin, which observers described as the largest protest in Texas history.He has played a leading role in seeking disclosure of Trump's tax returns and in opposing the repeal of the Affordable Health Care Act. Doggett also sponsored a resolution to formally censure Trump for his failure regarding violence at Charlottesville, Virginia. Committee assignments
 Committee on Ways and Means
 Subcommittee on Health (chair)
 Select Revenue Measures Subcommittee
 Joint Committee on Taxation
 House Budget Committee

Caucus memberships
 Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus
 House Songwriters Caucus (co-chair)
United States Congressional International Conservation Caucus
 Congressional Arts Caucus
 Safe Climate Caucus
 Congressional Progressive Caucus
 House Baltic Caucus
 Afterschool Caucuses
 Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus

Electoral history

Personal life
Doggett is married to <mask> (née Belk),


texts:
 with whom he has two children. The Sunlight Project estimates his average net worth in 2006 was over $13 million. In 2008, the Sunlight Foundation reported that of the 435 House members, Doggett has the 11th-highest amount of investment in oil stocks. References

External links

 Congressman <mask>t official U.S. House website
 <mask> for Congress

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1946 births
21st-century American politicians
American legal scholars
American United Methodists
Austin High School (Austin, Texas) alumni
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Living people
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Texas
People from Austin, Texas
Presidents pro tempore of the Texas Senate
Texas Democrats
Texas state senators
Justices of the Texas Supreme Court
University of Texas School of Law alumni
McCombs School of Business

masks:
Lloyd Dogget
Lloyd Doggett


texts:
Jatindra Nath Banerjee (<mask>) (19 November 1877 – 5 September 1930) was one of two great Indian nationalists and freedom fighters – along with Aurobindo Ghosh (Sri Aurobindo) – who dramatically rose to prominence between 1871 and 1910. Biography

<mask> was born as Jatindra Nath Banerjee on 19 November 1877 at Channa village in Burdwan district. His father, Kalicharan Banerjee, worked as a government official at Bangaon of Jessore district (now North Twenty Four Parganas) of Bengal.His early education was completed at the village school. Then he passed FA (First Arts) from Burdwan Raj College, which was then affiliated with the University of Calcutta with high marks. He was admitted to B.A. class in the college. Freedom struggle
While at college, Jatindra Nath (Jatindra Nath Banerjee) began developing interest in political activities of India.He was drawn towards radical and revolutionary methods of attaining independence. He felt that revolutionary methods were necessary to attain independence and he became the first to preach the adoption of revolutionary methods for attaining independence. For using revolutionary methods, a large army was needed and so martial training of countrymen was essential. So Jatindra Nath left his studies halfway in search of martial training. He tried to get himself enlisted in the British army but did not succeed. Baroda
Having failed to enlist himself in the British army, Jatindra Nath began wandering in search of a job. He reached Baroda.At Baroda he met

masks:
Niralamba Swami
Niralamba Swami


texts:
 Aurobindo Ghose Sri Aurobindo. Aurobindo was highly impressed by his robust health and helped him in finding a job in the Baroda army. In the year 1897, Jatindra Nath joined the Baroda army as a bodyguard of the king of Baroda. He also became an associate of Aurobindo. Aurobindo began devoting energy towards national activities. When Anushilan Samity was formed at Kolkata, Aurobindo sent a request to Jatindra Nath to join the organisation. So Jatindra Nath left his job in Baroda to join Anushilan Samity.He became one of its prominent members. Jatindra Nath's father did not like the fact that his son had left his studies and that he had involved himself in anti-British activities. To divert his son's attention towards family matters, he married him off. But still Jatindra Nath became more deeply involved in the freedom movement of the country. The Alipore bomb case and repression of all revolutionary activities in Bengal forced Jatindra Nath lose interest in the nationalist activities. He went back to his native village. (Channa village)Soon he was married off by his parents to Hiranmoyee.Spiritual transformation

Early indication
During his childhood Jatinindra Nath Banerjee was known to be unruly, but as a teenager he became thoughtful. He began to frequently visit the temple of goddess Bishalakshi (also known as Bishalaxmi, another name of the goddess Durga), where he would sit for hours in deep contemplation. Sannyasa
After the suppression of revolutionary activities in Bengal, Jatin


texts:
 (Jatinindra Nath Banerjee) went back to his native village. His mind became engrossed in spiritual thoughts. He would frequently visit the temple of Bishalaakshi ('Large-eyed Goddess') and would remain there for hours. He would pray for spiritual strength self-purification and spiritual knowledge. He began to feel the need for a guru.Meanwhile, his parents died and a daughter was born to him. He felt a deep need to get rid of worldly ties. Consequently, one night he became a wandering monk (i.e. he took Sannyasa). Jatin felt that for gaining spiritual knowledge he needed the help of a guru and hence he began to search for one. He wandered many places in search of a guru but could not find any genuine ones. Wanderings
During his wanderings he reached Varanasi.There he met a monk who suggested him to go to Nainital where he (Jatin) would find his destined guru

Nainital
When Jatindra Nath reached Nainital from Varanasi he became very tired and exhausted. Yet he managed to find Soham <mask>, his destined guru. Soham <mask> had established an ashram near the bank of a river. He welcomed Jatindra Nath with open arms and made him his disciple on the same day. Soham <mask> was one of the most eminent disciples of Tibbetibaba, the legendary yogi of India. He was the author of books like 'Soham Gita', 'Soham Samhita', 'Truth' (this book was the only book written by him in English poetry. It was published in Calcutta, now Kolkata, in 1913) and 'Common Sense.’

In his autobiographical work, Why I Am An

masks: Swami Swami Swami


texts:
 Atheist, Bhagat Singh, a prominent freedom fighter, wrongly referred to <mask> <mask> as the author of a book titled Common Sense.<mask> in fact wrote only the introduction to it.<ref>'‘Why I am an Atheist: Bhagat Singh, People's Publishing House, New Delhi, India. Page available:  </ref><mask>, Soham, "Common Sense", Bangladesh: Surja Kanta Banerjee, Gandharia Press, Dacca (Dhaka) (1928). pp. 1–3. Haridwar
Soham <mask> asked Jatindra Nath Banerjee to go to Haridwar, where he had established an ashram. At this place Jatindra Nath began scaling great spiritual heights and finally attained knowledge of Brahman or God in His form without any attributes. Soham <mask> was very pleased with the spiritual success of Jatindra Nath Banerjee and so he was rechristened with the name of Srimat <mask> <mask>.But he became popular with the name of <mask> <mask>. <mask> <mask> now had many admirers and devotees from Punjab, Haryana, and regions around Delhi. His fame for spiritual knowledge and wisdom spread far and wide. After staying in Haridwar for some years he developed a desire to establish an ashram at Channa village. He conveyed his request to his guru and was granted the permission to establish an ashram at his native village. Channa village
After staying in the northern India for many years, <mask> <mask> reached Channa village, his native place. Many people of his village and other nearby villages had gathered to have a glimpse of their famous man.He first visited his home to meet his wife. Through

masks: Niralamba Swami Swami Swami Swami Swami Niralamba Swami Niralamba Swami Niralamba Swami Niralamba Swami


texts: her he came to know that his only child (his daughter) had expired. He managed to convince his wife to spend the rest of her life with him as the Mother of the soon to be constructed ashram at the village. She was re-christened as 'Chinmoyee Devi'. Soon an ashram was constructed by the side of the village river bank and <mask> <mask> began staying at the ashram with his wife and some devotees and disciples. <mask> <mask>'s fame as a great Guru and a yogi spread even more in India. His life at the ashram was spent both as a 'bhogi' (enjoyer) and a yogi.He would daily consume the best quality betel leaves and tobacco available at the time. It did not remain unknown that the former freedom fighter had become a famous yogi of India. So many former comrades of <mask> <mask> (formerly Jatindra Nath Banerjee) and many freedom fighters began visiting him for spiritual guidance and inspiration. Among the notable freedom fighters to have visited <mask> <mask> was the legendary Bhagat Singh. He had met <mask> <mask> at Channa ashram at Channa village in the beginning of 1929(1927– 1928 according to some). Another famous person associated with <mask> <mask> was Prajnanapada (1891–1974).He was popular with the name of <mask>. He became <mask> <mask>'s disciple in 1924–25 at Channa ashram.He also became a monk (took to Sannyasa). Prajnanapada was a follower of Advaita Vedanta philosophy and taught realisation of Self-knowledge using Jñāna Yoga method (the path of self-realisation using knowledge). Many

masks:
Niralamba
Swami
Niralamba
Swami
Niralamba
Swami
Niralamba
Swami
Niralamba
Swami
Niralamba
Swami
Swami Prajnanapada
Niralamba
Swami


texts:
 distinguished persons had also visited <mask> <mask> at his Channa ashram at Channa village. Among them was Tibbetibaba. <mask> <mask> had hailed Tibbetibaba as one of the greatest exponent of Advaita Vedanta after Adi Shankara. He died on 5 September 1930. Teachings
Wake up and realise Self-Consciousness.Know yourself. If you do not know yourself, then how can you know your country? If you want to get rid of the sufferings of your country, then you have to become strong. To make yourself strong you have to first acquire Self-Knowledge. Self-strength makes human beings to cross difficult deserts and mountains. Nothing is impossible for a race possessing Self-strength

Notes

References

Chakravorty, Subodh, "Bharater Sadhak – Sadhika"(Bengali edition), India: Kamini Publication, 115, Akhil Mistry Lane, Kolkata – 700 009 (1997.Bengali calendar year – 1404), Volume 1, pp. 500–522
Grover, G.L.& Grover, S., A New Look At Modern Indian History (17th ed. ), India: S. Chand Publication (2000). , pp. 283–284. Sanyal, Jagadiswar, Guide To Indian Philosophy (1996 ed. ), India: Sribhumi Publishing Company (1999), 79, Mahatma Gandhi Road, Kolkata – 700 009. Hornby, A S, "Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English" (5th ed.), UK: Oxford University Press (1998). , pp. 1433–175.Why I am an Atheist: Bhagat Singh'', People's Publishing House, New Delhi, India. Sharma, I. Mallikarjuna, “In retrospect: Sagas of heroism and sacrifice of Indian revolutionaries”, Ravi Sasi Enterprises, India (edition:

masks: Niralamba Swami Niralamba Swami


texts:
 1999). p. 94. <mask>, Soham, "Common Sense", Bangladesh: Surja Kanta Banerjee, Gandharia Press, Dacca(Dhaka)  (1924). pp.1–3
Municipal Corporation, Calcutta (India), “Calcutta municipal gazette”, Office of the Registrar of Newspapers. Press, India (edition: 1972). p. 127. Jatinder Nath Sanyal, Kripal Chandra Yadav, Bhagat Singh, Babar Singh, The Bhagat Singh Foundation, “Bhagat Singh: a biography”, Hope India Publication, India (edition: 2006). p. 84. University, Banaras Hindu, “Prajña”, Banaras Hindu University, Benaras, India (edition: 1972). p. 110.Jadavpur University. Dept. of International Relations Jadavpur Journal of International Relations, “Jadavpur Journal of International Relations”, Dept. of International Relations, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India. (edition: 2001). pp. 117 and 122.Indian Bibliographic Centre. Research Wing, Indian Bibliographic Centre
“Dictionary of Indian biography”, Indian Bibliographic Centre (edition 2000). , . p. 32. Durga Das Pvt. Ltd, “Eminent Indians who was who, 1900–1980, also annual diary of events”, Durga Das Pvt. Ltd., India.(edition 1985). p. 25. Sen, Siba Pada, “Dictionary of national biography”, Institute of Historical Studies, India (edition 1972). p. 114. Mukherjee, Uma, “Two great Indian revolutionaries: Rash Behari Bose & Jyotindra Nath Mukherjee”, Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay. (edition 1966). p. 101.University of Burdwan Dept. of History, “History: journal of the Department of History”, University of Burdwan, India. (edition 1998). p. 85. Heehs,


texts:
 Peter, “The bomb in Bengal: the rise of revolutionary terrorism in India, 1900–1910”, Oxford University Press. (edition 1993). p. 62.Gupta, Gopal Dass, “Glossary and index of proper names in Sri Aurobindo's works”, Sri Aurobindo Ashram, India. (edition 1989). , . p. 34
Majumdar, Bimanbehari, “Militant nationalism in India and its socio-religious background, 1897–1917”, General Printers & Publishers, India (edition 1966. p. 101. Luzac & Co. (London, England), “Luzac's oriental list and book review”, Luzac and Co.. (edition 1924). p. 33. Indian Hindu spiritual teachers
Revolutionaries of Bengal during British Rule
Advaitin philosophers
Bengali Hindus
Tibbetibaba
1930 deaths
1877 births
University of Calcutta alumni
19th-century Hindu religious leaders
20th-century Hindu religious


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<mask> (Azerbaijani: Cavanşir Mehdixan oğlu Vəkilov) (February 7, 1951 – August 23, 2013) was an Azerbaijani diplomat, candidate of historical science since 1988, public and political figure, writer and pedagogue. <mask> was born on February 7, 1951, in Baku. He graduated from secondary school number 190 in 1967. He studied the philology of Iran in the faculty of East Studies at the Azerbaijan State University (present: Baku State University) from 1967 to 1972. After graduation he worked as an interpreter in Afghanistan from 1972 to 1975 and in Iran in 1978, and witnessed anti-monarchist revolutions in both countries. He went from head laboratory assistant to the scientific worker during last months of 1975 at the Manuscript Fond of Azerbaijan Academy of Science and, from 1976 to 1992, at the East Studies Institute of Azerbaijan Academy of Science, and defended his thesis on the topic of “Participation of Azerbaijan Republic in the Cultural Relations between USSR and Iran (1941-1946 years)” in 1988. Activities abroad and in motherland
After the independence of Azerbaijan, he changed his profession to the field of diplomacy in March 1992 and became Secretary First and Secretary Second at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and worked as a Secretary Second at the embassy of Azerbaijan in Tehran from May 1, 1995, to November 5, 1998.He took part in Diplomatic Courses held in Ankara (1993), Tehran (1994, as a head of representation) and in Cairo (2002, as a head of representation). He participated in the talks of President of Azerbaijan Republic, Heydar Aliyev with the delegations of Iran as an interpreter from Persian in 1993–1995, and was in the delegation during

masks:
Javanshir Mehdikhan Vаkilov
Life Vakilov


texts: the visits of President to Tehran (1994, 2000, 2002), Ashgabat (1994) and Mashhad (1996). He made contributions to the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Azerbaijan and Republic of Slovenia. After the end of diplomatic activity in Iran, he returned to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in November 1998, and took a position of the head of the department of Middle East and South Asia of the Second Territory Office since 2000. <mask> was risen to the rank of the second degree counselor on July 1, 2003. On September 15, 2003, he was appointed a counselor of the Embassy of the Republic of Azerbaijan to the Islamic Republic of Iran. After the earthquake occurred on 26 December 2003 in Bam, Kerman province, Iran, <mask> received an official message of thanks for his support to the brigade of doctors (16 people), the group of rescuers (24 people), the members (2 people) of ANC TV channel in their work of broadcasting events to the world on an official journey on 27–31 December, and for his support to the arrangement of the work of the delegation of the Republic of Azerbaijan sent on a journey to Islamic Republic of Iran, for his exemplary and professional work done in a very bad conditions, in cold weather, in the lack of water and food, in a tent set up in a desert while earthquake continued to shake.The official letter of thanks was sent to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in order to be included in his curriculum vitae. On October 20, 2004, he organized the opening of Consulate General of the Republic of Azerbaijan in Tabriz and was a first substitute of Consul General there until March 7, 2005 (unofficially till the beginning of April). The

masks: Vakilov Vakilov


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 appointment of nephew of national poet Samad Vurghun to this position was welcomed by Iran Azerbaijan's intellectuals, and articles about this were published in the press of Tabriz (“Mahd-e azadi”, 25.10.2004; Journal “Körpü” (in Azerbaijani, with Latin graphics), Tabriz, N46. Winter, 2005, page 5). He was risen to the diplomatic rank of first degree counselor on January 7, 2007. He was awarded to the Jubilee Medal of the Republic of Azerbaijan “90 years of Diplomatic Service organizations of the Republic of Azerbaijan (1919-2009)". He was a member of editorial boards of books of Jamil Hasanli "Azərbaycan Xalq Cümhuriyyətinin xarici siyasəti (1918-1920)" (Foreign Policy of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1918-1920)), Baku, 2009 and “Внешняя политика Азербайджанской Демократической Республики (1918-1920)” (Foreign Policy of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1918–1920)), Москва.Изд. "Флинта", Изд. "Наука" published on the occasion of 90 years jubilee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan. Pedagogical and other activities
Parallel with his work in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Vakilov gave lectures on “Foreign policy of the Near and Middle East countries”, “Modern Diplomacy”, “Diplomatic documents”, “Diplomatic negotiations” at the Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan from 2001 to 2003 and 2007–2013. He wrote manuals for the subjects “Foreign policy of the Near and Middle East countries” and “Modern Diplomacy” and gave them to the library of the academy. He also was the head of the State Attestation Commission for the bachelor's degree of the Academy of Public Administration under the President of the


texts: Republic of Azerbaijan in the academic years 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 (extract from the orders of the rector of the Academy of Public Administration No. 10/60, dated 30.04.2009 and No.10/52, dated 21.04.2010). <mask> wrote 23 scientific works and 49 articles about Azerbaijan–Iran relations and Azerbaijan literature. They were published in several languages including Azerbaijani, Russian and Persian in the different newspapers and journals of Baku, Teheran, Tabriz, Moscow and Dushanbe. He also published the poems of Samad Vurgun and Vagif Samadoglu, his articles and the article “Samad Vurgun and Iran” by Aybaniz <mask>a in the journals “Varlig”(“Creature”, editor Javad Heyat), “Azeri” (editor Behzad Behzadi), “Khudafarin”(editor Hussein Shargi), which printed in Teheran and in the newspapers “Fajr-e Azerbaijan” and Mahd-e azadi” (editor Seyid Masud Payman) which printed in Tabriz both in Persian and Turkish. He has a huge role in the introduction of Samad Vurgun and his literary activities, as well 90th and 100th anniversaries of poet in the Iran media. <mask> had a role in the investigation of unknown sides of Samad Vurgun's heritage. He introduced the narrative “Ömür dedikləri bir karvan yolu”( “What’s called  the Life is a caravan way”  – 1986, after the death of his father Mehdikhan <mask>), “Javanshir” novel (1992), “Anadillər” narrative (“Mother Languages”, 1991) and “Civilized revolution in Azerbaijan: 1920-1940s” monograph (2005) to public.“Javanshir” novel was published in the publishing house “Akhtar” (the owner is Samad Asyabi) in Tabriz in 2004. “Anadillər” narrative was published in the journal “Azeri” (Nation language and literature) under the

masks: Vakilov Vakilov Vakilov Vakilov


texts: editorship of Behzad Behzadi in Azerbaijani but with Arab scripts. One of his books, “Azerbaijan Republic and Iran: 1940s”, was published in Baku in 1991. He was a specialist on Iran and participated in several international conferences since the beginning of his diplomatic career. Orientalist Tadeusz Swietochowski of the United States relied upon the <mask>'s works in his book “Russia and a borderland in transition Azerbaijan”. <mask> is an author of articles such as “Tarixi keçmişimizə bir nəzər”  (A look to our historical past) ["Kürün sahilində var əski bir köy"(There is an old village on the bank of the River Kur), “Vətən səsi” 25.7.1991]. <mask> was a football champion of Kabul (three times) at the championship among foreign country teams within the USSR team while he was working in Afghanistan from 1972 to 1975.He was playing together with Sergey Salnikov – champion of Melbourne Olympics, former forward of Moscow “Spartak”, Yuri Sedov – 2nd trainer of USSR national team, defender of “Spartak”, Vladimir Streshnıy – former forward of Moscow CASP, Victor Chigirin – world champion on hockey. The above-mentioned sportsmen were coaching in different football teams of Afghanistan. <mask> also participated in the championship among foreign diplomatic representatives while working in Iran from 1995 to 1998 and Azerbaijani team took 3rd place in this championship. Asaf Namazov, former defender of “Neftci”, who was working as a trainer in Tehran also played for the benefit of our team. <mask> took part in mini-football championships among CIS embassies’ teams when he was 56. He also sent several recommendations to USSR Football Federation regarding the amendments

masks: Vakilov Vakilov Vakilov Vakilov Vakilov


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 in football rules and got feedback from them. When he was studying at school in 1967 he was one of the winners of football competition held by “Sportivniye iqri” (Moscow) magazine.Family
Vakilov married Elmira Khanim, a daughter of well-known biologist, academic Mirza Agha Alizadeh. Elmira <mask>a is a senior scientist of Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences. She is author of 41 scientific papers (of which 15 were published abroad) and is a doctor of agricultural sciences. Publications
 "Azərbaycan Respublikası və İran: 40-cı illər (mədəni əlaqələr)". Republic of Azerbaijan and Iran: 1940s (cultural relations). Baku, Publishing house "Elm", Year 1991. Print page 7,3.Look at the comments on the book: PhD Tağı İbrahimov. "Azərbaycan Respublikası və İran: 40-cı illər (mədəni əlaqələr)". Republic of Azerbaijan and Iran: 1940s (cultural relations), Newspaper "Elm", 20.2.1992. S.Hacılı. "Oxunmalı səhifələr" (Pages should be read), Newspaper "Ədəbiyyat və incəsənət", 24.4.1993. Dilşad Cabbarova. "Azərbaycan və İran: 20-ci əsrin birinci yarısı (mədəni əlaqələr)" (Azerbaijan and Iran: in the first half of the 20th century), Newspaper "Respublika", 19.7.2003.Also, 23 papers and 49 articles and writings. See also
 Mehdixan Vəkilov
 Səməd Vurğun
 Mirzəağa Əlizadə
 Yusif Səmədoğlu
 Vaqif Səmədoğlu
 Aybəniz Vəkilova

References

 "Nazim Hikmətlə iki görüş" (Two meetings with Nazim Hikmat) by Cavanşir Vəkilov - Newspaper "Aydınlıq", 31.1.1992. İsmayıl Umudlu. "Vəkiloğulları". Publishing house QAPP-Poliqraf, Baku, 2003, pages 61–62. "Təbrizdə Baş Konsulluğumuz açıldı" (Our Consulate General was opened in Tabriz) - Newspaper “Ayna”,


texts:
 21.10.2004. "Təbriz ziyalıları konsulluğun açılmasını yaxşı qarşılayıblar" (Intellectuals of Tabriz welcomed the opening of the consulate) - Newspaper “Ayna”, 29.10.2004."Səməd Vurğunun adı İranda bu gün də ehtiramla anılır" (The name of Samad Vurghun still today is being remembered with a great respect) by Elmira Mirzağaqızı - Newspaper "Ayna", 8.10.2004. "Səməd Vurğun və İran" (Samad Vurghun and Iran) by Elmira Mirzağaqızı -  Journal "Körpü". (in the Azerbaijan language, with Latin scripts), Tabriz, N 48, May, 2005, page 23. "Təbrizdə konsulluğumuzun açılması tarixi hadisədir" (Opening of our consulate in Tabriz is a historical event) by Əli Eşqi - Newspaper “Respublika”, 22.2.2005. etc. "Təbrizdən Bakıya təyyarə gəldi" (An aircraft flew from Tabriz to Baku) by İsmayıl Umudlu - Newspaper "Ayna", 29.3.2005. "Cavanşir Vəkilov keçib gəldiyi yola uğurla baxır" (<mask> <mask> can look bask at the way he has passed with pride) by İsmayıl Umudlu - Newspaper "Dəli Kür", 30.01.2011. "Tarixçi alim - diplomat" (Historian scientist-diplomat) by İsmayıl Umudlu - Newspaper "Respublika", 01.02.2010."Tarixi hadisələri şəxsi taleyində yaşamaq..." (Witnessing historical events personally) by İsmayıl Umudlu - Newspaper "Ayna", 05.02.2010

External links
 Azərbaycanın diplomatiya tarixi üç cilddə çıxacaq (History of Azerbaijan Diplomacy will be published in three volumes)
 Mehdixan Vəkilovun şəxsi arxivi mühafizəyə təhvil verildi (The personal archive of Mehdikhan <mask> was given protection)
 Diplomatiya aləmi - Cavanşir Vəkilov. Bakı yarmarkaları və İran: XX əsrin 20-ci illəri (The World of Diplomacy - Javanshir Vakilov. Baku fairs and Iran: 1920s)
 Diplomatiya aləmi -

masks: Javanshir Vakilov Vakilov


texts:
 Cavanşir Vəkilov. XX əsrin 20-30-cu illərində Azərbaycan-İran mədəni əlaqələri (The World of Diplomacy - Javanshir Vakilov. The cultural relations between Azerbaijan and Iran in the 1920s and 1930s)
 Diplomatiya aləmi - Cavanşir Vəkilov, Azərbaycan Respublikası və İran:XX əsrin birinci yarsı. İqtisadi əməkdaşlığın təməli. (The World of Diplomacy - <mask> Vakilov.The Republic of Azerbaijan and Iran: the first half of the 20th century. Foundation of the economic cooperation)
 Dövlət İdarəçilik Akademiyasında qış imtahan sessiyasına uğurla (Successfully, toward the winter session at the Academy of Public Administration)
 Ищите Посольства и Консульства Азербайджана? (Are you looking for the embassies and Consulates of Azerbaijan?) <mask> <mask>'s obituary
 Thuoc xit chong xuat tinh som

Azerbaijani diplomats
Azerbaijani historians
1951 births
2013

masks: Javanshir Javanshir Vakilov


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<mask>'h (born 6 September 1970) is a French former professional footballer who played as striker. He featured in the France squad that won the 1998 FIFA World Cup on home soil. His early career was spent in France with the Breton clubs Stade Brestois and En Avant Guingamp before moving to AJ Auxerre, where he won Ligue 1 in 1996. He returned to Brittany with Stade Rennais with whom he won Ligue 1's Golden Boot. At a second spell at Auxerre he retained the Golden Boot in Ligue 1 and also won the Golden Boot for the 1997–98 UEFA Cup. That summer he started in the World Cup Final. Guivarc'h left France for Newcastle United of the Premier League after the World Cup but left after three months having failed to make an impact at St James' Park.He finished the season at Rangers FC of the Scottish Premier League with medals in the league and Scottish League Cup, of which he scored in the final. He then returned to Auxerre before retiring after the 2001–02 season with En Avant Guingamp. Early life
Guivarc'h was born in Concarneau, Finistère. Club career

Brest, Guingamp, Auxerre and Rennes
Guivarc'h's career started at the Breton club Stade Brestois in 1989. In 1991, he moved to another club in the region, En Avant Guingamp, where his goalscoring rate was better than one every two games (68 in 110 league games), prompting a move to AJ Auxerre in 1995. He played for the club as they won a double of Ligue 1 and Coupe de France in 1995–96, under manager Guy Roux, but only scored 3 goals in 23 league appearances. After a season at Auxerre, he returned to a third Breton club, Stade


texts:
 Rennais for a single season, where he won the Ligue 1 Golden Boot for 22 goals in 36 appearances.Auxerre 1997–98
Guivarc'h's Golden Boot-winning season prompted a return to Auxerre only one year after leaving them. He retained the Ligue 1 Golden Boot, rewarded for 21 goals in 32 league appearances. Guivarc'h scored seven times in the UEFA Cup in 1997–98 to earn its Golden Boot. The first goal came in the First Round's First leg against Deportivo La Coruña of Spain in a 2–1 win. The second leg was goalless. In the second round against OFI Crete of Greece, he scored twice in the home leg in a 3–1 victory (Antoine Sibierski got the other goal) and once in the second in a 3–2 defeat (5–4 on aggregate). In the third round's second leg against Twente Enschede of the Netherlands, he scored an 82nd-minute penalty in the 2–0 victory at home to send Auxerre through 3–0 on aggregate.In the quarter-finals against Lazio of Italy, Auxerre lost the first leg 1–0 away. In the second leg Guivarc'h struck twice in a 2–2 draw which meant that Lazio advanced 3–2 on aggregate. Newcastle United and Rangers
Guivarc'h was signed for Newcastle United by their manager Kenny Dalglish in the 1998 close season. He played four league games, scoring on his debut against Liverpool, then was sold to Rangers for £3.5m on 6 November 1998 by new manager Ruud Gullit. At Rangers he won the treble under Dick Advocaat: the Scottish Premier League, Scottish Cup and Scottish League Cup. Two days after signing, he scored two goals away at St Johnstone after coming on as a substitute in a 7–0 win. He also