texts:
 Abstammung der Kunst, 1926
 Im Bernsteinwald, 1927
 Drachen. Sage und Naturwissenschaft. Eine volkstümliche Darstellung, 1929
 Der Termitenstaat. Schilderung eines geheimnisvollen Volkes, 1931
Das Leben der Urwelt: Aus den Tagen der großen Saurier, 1932
 Was muß der neue deutsche Mensch von Naturwissenschaft und Religion fordern.Vortrag, 1934

Editor
 Christoph Martin Wielands ausgewählte Werke, 4 Bde., 1902
 Novalis. Ausgewählte Werke, 3 Bde., 1903
 Des Angelus Silesius Cherubinischer Wandersmann, 1905

Literature
 Antoon Berentsen: Vom Urnebel zum Zukunftsstaat. Zum Problem der Popularisierung der Naturwissenschaften in der deutschen Literatur (1880–1910). Berlin: Oberhofer. 1986. (= Studien zu deutscher Vergangenheit und Gegenwart; 2)
Andreas W. Daum, Wissenschaftspopularisierung im 19. Jahrhundert: Bürgerliche Kultur, naturwissenschaftliche Bildung und die deutsche Öffentlichkeit, 1848–1914.Munich: Oldenbourg, 1998, . Wolfram Hamacher: Wissenschaft, Literatur und Sinnfindung im 19. Jahrhundert. Studien zu <mask>che. Würzburg: Königshausen und Neumann. 1993. (= Epistemata; Reihe Literaturwissenschaft; 99)
 Rolf Lang: <mask> und Friedrichshagen.Auf dem „Mußweg der Liebhaberei“. Frankfurt an der Oder: Kleist-Gedenk- u. Forschungsstätte. 1992. (= Frankfurter Buntbücher; 6)
 Rudolf Magnus: <mask> – ein biographisch-kritischer Beitrag zur modernen Weltanschauung. Berlin. 1909. Ernst Haeckel – <mask> Briefwechsel 1887–1919.Ed. by Rosemarie Nöthlich. ( Ernst-Haeckelhaus-Studien Bd. 6.1)

References

External links

 Projekt Wilhelm Bölsche an der FU Berlin
 Kurzbiografie zu Wilhelm Bölsche

 Besprechung von: Die Mittagsgöttin

1861 births
1939 deaths
Writers from Cologne
People from the Rhine Province
University

masks:
Wilhelm Bls
Wilhelm Bölsche
Wilhelm Blsche
Wilhelm Bölsche


type: original

texts:
<mask> (); April 26, 1900 – September 30, 1985) was an American seismologist and physicist. <mask> is most famous as the creator of the Richter magnitude scale, which, until the development of the moment magnitude scale in 1979, quantified the size of earthquakes. Inspired by Kiyoo Wadati's 1928 paper on shallow and deep earthquakes, <mask> first used the scale in 1935 after developing it in collaboration with Beno Gutenberg; both worked at the California Institute of Technology. The quote "logarithmic plots are a device of the devil" is attributed to <mask>. Childhood and education
<mask> was born in Overpeck, Ohio. <mask> had German heritage: his great-grandfather was a Forty-Eighter, coming from Baden-Baden (today in Baden-Württemberg, Germany) in 1848 in the wake of the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states. <mask>'s parents Frederick William and Lillian Anna (Kinsinger) <mask>, were divorced when he was very young.He grew up with his maternal grandfather, who moved the family (including his mother) to Los Angeles in 1909. After graduating from Los Angeles High School he attended Stanford University and received his undergraduate degree in 1920. In 1928, he began work on his PhD in theoretical physics from the California Institute of Technology, but, before he finished it, he was offered a position at the Carnegie Institute of Washington. At this point, he became fascinated with seismology (the study of earthquakes and the waves they produce in the earth). Thereafter, he worked at the new Seismological Laboratory in Pasadena, under the direction of Beno Gutenberg. In 1932, <mask> and Gutenberg developed a standard scale to measure the relative sizes of earthquake sources, called the <mask> scale. In 1937, he returned to the California Institute of Technology, where he spent the rest of his career, eventually becoming professor of seismology in 1952.Career
<mask> went to work at the Carnegie Institution of

masks:
Charles Francis Richter
Richter
Richter
Richter
Richter
Richter
Richter
Richter
Richter
Richter
Richter


texts: Washington in 1927 after Robert Millikan offered him a position as a research assistant there, where he began a collaboration with Beno Gutenberg. The Seismology Lab at the California Institute of Technology wanted to begin publishing regular reports on earthquakes in southern California and had a pressing need for a system of measuring the strength of earthquakes for these reports. Together, <mask> and Gutenberg devised the scale that would become known at the <mask> scale to fill this need, based on measuring quantitatively the displacement of the earth by seismic waves, as Kiyoo Wadati had suggested. The pair designed a seismograph that measured this displacement and developed a logarithmic scale to measure intensity. The name "magnitude" for this measurement came from <mask>'s childhood interest in astronomy - astronomers measure the intensity of stars in magnitudes. Gutenberg's contribution was substantial, but his aversion to interviews contributed to his name being left off the scale. After the publication of the proposed scale in 1935, seismologists quickly adopted it for use in measuring the intensity of earthquakes.<mask> remained at the Carnegie Institution until 1936, when he obtained a post at the California Institute of Technology, where Beno Gutenberg worked. Gutenberg and <mask> published Seismicity of the Earth in 1941. Its revised edition, published in 1954, is considered a standard reference in the field. <mask> became a full professor at the California Institute of Technology in 1952. In 1958, he published Elementary Seismology based on his undergraduate teaching notes. As <mask> seldom published in peer-reviewed scientific journals, that is often considered his most important contribution to seismology. <mask> spent 1959 and 1960 in Japan as a Fulbright scholar.Around this time in his career, he became involved in earthquake engineering through development of building codes for earthquake

masks: Richter Richter Richter Richter Richter Richter Richter Richter


texts:
 prone areas. The city government of Los Angeles removed many ornaments and cornices from municipal buildings in the 1960s as a result of <mask>'s awareness campaigns. After the 1971 San Fernando earthquake, the city cited <mask>'s warnings as important in preventing many deaths. <mask> had retired in 1970. Richter magnitude scale
At the time when <mask> began a collaboration with Gutenberg, the only way to rate shocks was a scale developed in 1902 by the Italian priest and geologist Giuseppe Mercalli. The Mercalli scale uses Roman numerals and classifies earthquakes from I to XII, depending on how buildings and people responded to the tremor. A shock that set chandeliers swinging might rate as a I or II on this scale, while one that destroyed huge buildings and created panic in a crowded city might count as an X.The obvious problem with the Mercalli scale was that it relied on subjective measures of how well a building had been constructed and how used to these sorts of crises the population was. The Mercalli scale also made it difficult to rate earthquakes that happened in remote, sparsely populated areas. The scale developed by <mask> and Gutenberg (which became known by <mask>'s name only) was instead an absolute measure of an earthquake's intensity. <mask> used a seismograph, an instrument generally consisting of a constantly unwinding roll of paper, anchored to a fixed place, and a pendulum or magnet suspended with a marking device above the roll, to record actual earth motion during an earthquake. The scale takes into account the instrument's distance from the epicenter, or the point on the ground that is directly above the earthquake's origin. <mask> chose to use the term "magnitude" to describe an earthquake's strength because of his early interest in astronomy; stargazers use the word to describe the brightness of stars. Gutenberg suggested that the scale be logarithmic so  an earthquake of magnitude 7


texts:
 would be ten times stronger than a 6, a hundred times stronger than a 5, and a thousand times stronger than a 4.(The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake that shook San Francisco was magnitude 6.9.) The <mask> scale was published in 1935 and immediately became the standard measure of earthquake intensity. <mask> did not seem concerned that Gutenberg's name was not included at first; but in later years, after Gutenberg was already dead, <mask> began to insist for his colleague to be recognized for expanding the scale to apply to earthquakes all over the globe, not just in southern California. Since 1935, several other magnitude scales have been developed. Personal life
<mask> was an active and avowed naturist. He travelled to many nudist communities with his wife. states <mask> was an atheist, but she also quotes a Robert Kaufman's letter to the New York Times which stated that <mask> was a member of Kaufman's congregation.At his retirement party, a group of colleagues at Caltech, called the "Quidnuncs," played and sang a ditty titled "Richter Scale," which gave examples of earthquakes in American history, told in ballad style. <mask> was initially shy about the song, thinking it demeaned science. However, the author of the song, Kent Clark, stated in a 1989 interview that eventually <mask> enjoyed the song. <mask> died of congestive heart failure on September 30, 1985, in Pasadena, California. He is buried in Altadena, California's Mountain View Cemetery and Mausoleum. See also

Modified Mercalli intensity scale
Seismicity
Macroseismic magnitude

Works

Notes and references

External links
<mask> interview, at USGS
<mask> Quotations
<mask><mask> Papers, Caltech Archives

1900 births
1985 deaths
American atheists
American naturists
American people of German descent
American seismologists
California Institute of Technology alumni
California Institute of Technology faculty
People from Butler County, Ohio
Stanford University

masks:
Richter
Richter
Richter
Richter
Richter
Richter
Richter
Richter
Richter
Charles Richter
Charles Richter
Charles F
. Richter


texts:
<mask> (born November 14, 1963) is a nationally touring dirt late model race car driver in the United States. <mask> was born in Fort Dodge, Iowa. He was inducted in the National Dirt Late Model Hall of Fame in its second class in 2002. Racing career
<mask> is the son of an airplane pilot for Air Cal. While stationed in California, <mask>'s father was invited to see his coworker race a stock car. The elder <mask> thought he should give racing a try, so bought a race car, motor, and some old tires. He tried racing, and decided to give the race car to his son.<mask>'s first race was at Corona Raceway in Corona, California in August 1980. He won several races and the track championship in 1982. In 1983 he heard about a $4,000-to-win race at the speedway in Chula Vista, California. He saw a picture of a flat-wedge-shaped race car that Charlie Swartz had used to win the Dirt Track World Championship in 1982, and he decided to build a race car like it for the Chula Vista race. <mask> won the race, lapping the field twice in the process. After the race, his father wanted to sell the car since it was worth a lot of money. The two reached an agreement where the father would gradually be paid for the car if the newly graduated <mask> would work at his father's new farm far across the country in Tennessee.He traded his 1957 Chevy for a truck and race hauler. After arriving in Tennessee, he tore up the car in qualifying at Newport Speedway. He worked for his father until he had enough money to repair the car. He won some races, earning just enough money to continue racing. The next year he decided to race with a

masks:
Scott Bloomquist
Bloomquist
Bloomquist
Bloomquist
Bloomquist
Bloomquist
Bloomquist
Scott Bloomquist


texts: new car at Kingsport, Tennessee Speedway, which had begun hosting a $2,500-to-win event every Saturday night. "I come rolling into the race with my dad and there sits Larry Moore," <mask> said. "He was the fastest guy in dirt late model racing and there he sits.And my dad says, `Well, there goes that $2,500.'" <mask> qualified second fastest behind Moore and started out on Moore's outside in the first row. <mask> said, "Moore took the lead but was holding me up, so I knocked him out of the way and won. That's $2,500. Next week, I'm on the pole, Moore's outside and I won again. Now I'm sitting here with five grand and I'm thinking that things are starting to look up." <mask> used the winnings to improve his race car.He continued working at his father's farm to pay off his original race car. He began going to races with $2,000 purses that were  from his house. In 1988 he raced at Eldora Speedway's World 100 against the three-time winner and favorite Jeff Purvis. After qualifying for the feature, which is unusual for a rookie, he started seventh. Purvis took the lead early in the race. <mask> slowly caught Purvis and passed him for the win. Some people consider his win a fluke until <mask> took the pole position the following year and won the race again in 1990.He raced in the Hav-A-Tampa series from 1993 to 1996, winning the national touring series in 1994 and 1995. He led the 1996 points until he lost all of his points for bumping another car under caution. He had 60 wins in the series during that time, second place had 18 wins. On October 5, 1993, <mask> was arrested and charged for possessing

masks: Bloomquist Bloomquist Bloomquist Bloomquist Bloomquist Bloomquist Bloomquist


texts: 2.7 grams of cocaine. "A girl I dated talked me into having someone get some cocaine for her," <mask> said. "She had gotten into trouble and the only way she could get out was by setting me up. And she talked me into doing something that no one else has ever been able to do."<mask> was found not guilty of felony sale and distribution and guilty of misdemeanor drug possession and possessing drug paraphernalia. "When they searched the house they found a short straw that had some residue of cocaine in it. The girl had left it there," <mask> said. He was sentenced in November 1994 to the maximum penalty, a $5,000 fine, and one year in prison. It was his first misdemeanor conviction, and he filed an appeal. His sentence was cut in half to 6 months in jail. He served his time as a work release beginning in 1997.With problems both on and off-track, he left racing and started reading. He read about the human body and mind. After he returned to racing a changed person. He took all of his sponsors off the car and used only black and white paint. He changed from his familiar number 18 to number 0. He put the yin yang symbol in the middle of the "0" to represent the balance that he found in his life. He later raced the number "0" car with a skull and crossbones through the middle of the number.In 2003 <mask> competed full-time on the Xtreme Dirt Car Series formerly Hav-A-Tampa Series and won his 5th championship for the organization. 2004 he raced in the World of Outlaws Late Model Series and won the season championship. He was named the 2006 RPM Racing News driver of the year. That year he won The Dream

masks: Bloomquist Bloomquist Bloomquist Scott


texts: ($100,000), Topless 100 ($45,000), Scorcher 100 ($20,000), Racefest ($20,000), Dixie Shootout ($15,000), and the Cedar Lake Nationals ($50,000). He also had nine wins in the Lucas Oil Late Model Dirt Series. <mask> returned to series racing and won the 2009 Lucas Oil Late Model Dirt Series championship. He returned to the series in 2010 defending his points championship.<mask> would be the series runner up for 2011 scoring 15 victories. He also scored combined earnings north of $272,000 for the year. In 2016 he was the Lucas Oil Late Model Dirt Series champion. His 2019 season was delayed after injuries sustained in a street crash. He returned to action in June of 2019 with teammate Chris Madden and he had limited success while recovering from those wounds. In 2020, <mask>, teaming with Chris Madden, obtained sponsorship from Drydene, followed the World of Outlaws Late Model Series. 2021 saw <mask> offering his ride to dirt modified standout Nick Hoffman of Moorseville, North Carolina after lingering medical issues rendered his piloting the Team Zero house car impossible.Other notable race wins include the 1989, 1993, 1995, 2013 & 2015 Pittsburgher 100, only 5-time winner; 1988, 1990, 2000 and 2014 World 100; 1999, 2001, 2006, 2011 & 2017 Topless 100 in Batesville, Arkansas; the $100,000 Dream 100 at Eldora Speedway in 1995, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2013, 2017 and in 2018 becoming the race's first back to back winner. Knoxville Late Model Nationals; 1995, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2009. 6-time Show Me 100 champion: 1995, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008, 2018; an eight-time winner of the National 100 at East Alabama

masks: Bloomquist Bloomquist Scott Bloomquist


texts: Motor Speedway – 1990, 1993, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2002 & 2003; the 2007, 2012 & 2016 Firecracker 100 in Lernerville, Pennsylvania, only 3-time winner; 7-time winner, 1990, 1991, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016 & 2017 of the Jackson 100 in Brownstown, Indiana; the 2010 Hillbilly 100 at West Virginia Motor Speedway; the 2011 Clash at the Mag in Columbus, Mississippi, the 2011 USA 100; the 2012 Commonwealth 100 at Virginia Speedway; 5-time winner, 1999, 2003, 2006, 2008, 2010 USA Nationals in Cedar Lake Speedway (Wi); the 1988 and 2000 North/South 100 at Florence Speedway in Union, Kentucky; 3-time winner of the Ralph Latham Memorial at Florence Speedway - 1991, 2006, 2016; the 2005 Dirt Track World Championship at K-C Raceway (now Atomic Speedway) in Chillicothe, Ohio and the 2014 & 2015 Dirt Track World Championship at Portsmouth (Oh) Raceway Park, becoming the event's first back to back winner. He scored his 500th career Late Model win at the Jackson 100 at Brownstown Speedway in Indiana on September 25, 2010, and his 6th Dixie Shootout on October 8, 2011, in Woodstock, Georgia. He also won the Bad Boy 98 at Batesville, Arkansas Speedway, and the inaugural "Buckeye Nationals" at Atomic (Ohio) Speedway in 2016. In December of 2016, he won the inaugural "Gateway Dirt Nationals" at the Dome at America’s Center in St. Louis, Missouri, which paid $20,000. In July 2018, Scott won his 600th feature race at the "Diamond Nationals" at Lucas Oil Speedway in Wheatland, Missouri.He is nicknamed the "Voodoo Child", "Dirt Trax Dominator", "The Boss", "Bloomer" or "Black Sunshine". In 2002, <mask> was in the second


texts:
 induction class of the National Dirt Late Model Hall of Fame in Union, Kentucky. NASCAR
In 2013, <mask> announced that he would be running in the NASCAR Camping World Truck Series' Mudsummer Classic at Eldora Speedway, driving for Kyle Busch Motorsports. After starting the race in 21st, <mask>, who elected to race without a front sway bar, fell to last place after 30 laps, and finished in 25th, two laps down. Dirt late model chassis builder
He is known for working on his racecars as the chief chassis builder. He used to race in chassis built by major chassis manufacturers. He would then modify the chassis with tricks that he learned during his decades of racing.He decided it would be easier to build his chassis than to modify someone else's design. He sold "Bloomquist Chassis" (aka TEAM ZERO) to select racers. Bloomquist Chassis helped in their entire program. In 2014, <mask> went into business with Michigan racer and businessman Randy Sweet and elected to halt mass chassis production for outside buyers and focus on select chassis building and design for Sweet/Bloomquist race cars. In 2019, <mask> ceased the Sweet/ Bloomquist chassis name and continued with his brand name while continuing to build chassis for select buyers. Personal life
He has a daughter, Ariel Rouse <mask>. His hometown is Mooresburg in Hawkins County, Tennessee.In March 2019, <mask> was severely injured in a motorcycle accident in Daytona Beach, Florida, and was hospitalized with extensive leg and hip injuries. Motorsports career results

NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position

masks: Bloomquist Bloomquist Bloomquist Bloomquist Bloomquist Scott


texts:
 earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.) Camping World Truck Series

 Season still in progress
 Ineligible for series points

Superstar Racing Experience
(key) * – Most laps led. 1 – Heat 1 winner. 2 – Heat 2 winner.Season still in progress

References

External links

1963 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Fort Dodge, Iowa
People from Hawkins County, Tennessee
Racing drivers from Iowa
NASCAR


texts:
<mask> (also spelled Phadnis and Fadnnis) is an Indian actress who predominantly appeared in Hindi films, in addition to Telugu films. She is best known for her performance in the 2008 Hindi film Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na. Her other notable films are Faltu (2006), Zokkomon (2011), Grand Masti (2013), Kis Kisko Pyaar Karoon (2015) and a short film Khamakha (2016). Career

<mask> was first seen on television during the second season of the Indian version of the singing reality show Popstars, which was aired on Channel [v] India in 2003. She was one of the participants who made it to the final eight but failed to qualify for the musical band Aasma. She started her film career with Rok Sako To Rok Lo in 2004, but her big break was Jaane Tu...Ya Jaane Na (2008) as the lead actor's girlfriend, for which she won a Stardust Award for Breakthrough Performance-Female 2009. The film was successful with the audience and also enjoyed critical acclaim. Earlier she was part of the National Film Award-winning Bengali feature film Faltu (2006) and also Mumbai Salsa (2007). In 2008, she made a debut in Telugu films with Siddu From Sikakulam, following which her first Tamil film Muthirai (2009) got released. Notably, she had sung a Tamil song under the direction of Yuvan Shankar Raja for the film Muthirai. In September 2009, she signed to appear in a series of Onida Television commercials. Her 2010 releases were the Telugu films Inkosaari and Shubhapradham.She then starred in the Walt Disney-produced superhero film Zokkomon, starring Darsheel Safary in the titular role. The film received positive reviews from critics. She also worked in the Telugu film Shakti (2011) alongside Jr. NTR , and later, in a Hindi film

masks:
Manjari Fadnis
Fadnis


texts: I M 24 (2012) and her debut Kannada film Munjane (2012). The year 2013 saw release of her films Warning, a 3D underwater film and Grand Masti (opposite Aftab Shivdasani). Grand Masti was the highest grossing Bollywood film with an A (Adults Only) certificate in India. Her next film was Mohanlal starred Mr. Fraud (2014), which marked her Malayalam debut. Then came her romantic comedy film Kis Kisko Pyaar Karoon (2015) starring Kapil Sharma.The film was a box office success. She then acted alongside Shreyas Talpade in the content driven film Wah Taj (2016). The movie had a dance song "Chori Chichori" for which <mask> attired as traditional Marathi Mulgi did a semi-folk popular dance. She also worked in her maiden Marathi film Sarv Mangal Savdhan (2016) opposite Raqesh Vashisth. She appeared as a lead actress in the inspirational film Jeena Isi Ka Naam Hai (2017) starring Arbaaz Khan, Himansh Kohli and Ashutosh Rana, set in exotic locations. In 2018, she came up with a murder mystery film Nirdosh opposite Ashmit Patel and an action comedy film Baa Baaa Black Sheep opposite Manish Paul. In 2019, she appeared in an Amit Sadh starred thriller web-film Barot House aired on ZEE5.In 2017, her short film Khamakha (2016) won the Filmfare for Best Short Film People's Choice Award. Her other short films are The Morning After (2013), The Cot (2017), Jackie Shroff starred The Playboy Mr Sawhney (2018) and Interdependence: Megha's divorce (2019). In 2019, she appeared in a web series Fuh Se Fantasy:The Blindfold on Voot. She made her first theatrical performance Double Deal Reloaded (English), in Mumbai in 2017 and the following year in Kolkata, Bengaluru and Hyderabad. In 2018, she came up with a musical


texts:
 drama Devdas staged at Mumbai. She sang a duet Tamil song Azhagana Neeyum under the direction of Yuvan Shankar Raja for the film Muthirai (2009). She also sang the duet songs Sonya Ve Sajna in the Indo-Pakistani music album Beat Beyond Borders composed by Pakistani musician Fakhar-e-Alam in 2012 and Ga Raha Hai Ye Aasma composed by Raghav Sachar in 2014.In 2015, she lent her vocals for a duet Marathi song composed by Nikhil Kamat for the film Sarv Mangal Savdhan. She recorded her first solo song Alvida composed by the musical duo of Arif-Troy in 2017. She was the cover girl for Woman's Era Magazine September 2015 issue. She has also appeared in various fashion events such as Bombay Times Fashion week 2018, Intimate Fashion Week 2017, and Dubai Fashion League 2017. She was cast in 'Hyundai i10 car' TV advertisement with Shahrukh Khan in May 2012. Earlier, she had appeared in a series of Onida Television commercials in 2009 and later on in iball pen drives TV ad in 2011, Mehfil Southall Hotel/Restaurant/Banquet TV ads in 2015 . She has also been featured in the music videos Beat Beyond Borders (2011) and Raghav Sachar feat (2014).She has undergone dance training under Shiamak Davar and vocal training under Sucheta Bhattacharjee. She received the Movers and Shakers award at the MAAC 24FPS International Animation Awards 2015. In 2020, she received the Youth Icon Award for 'Excellency in Entertainment industry' at Maier Medi International Short Film Festival, Pune. Early life

<mask>, who comes from a Maharashtrian family, was born at Sagar, Madhya Pradesh to Ruchi <mask> and Bharat <mask>. As her father served in the Indian Army, a transferable service, she grew up with her only sibling Gagan

masks:
Fadnis
Fadnis
Kumar Fadnis


texts:
 <mask> in Shimla, Jammu, Delhi, Mumbai and Pune (her hometown). Filmography

Feature films

Short films

Web-series

Television

Albums

Theatre

Awards and nominations

Charity and social causes

<mask> participated in the fashion show 'Umeed-Ek Koshish-A Starwalk for Charity' in 2012 and Amy Billimoria's 'The Walk of Pride' Charity show in 2015. Earlier in 2012, she graced the Global Peace Fashion Show to commemorate the victims of 26/11 Mumbai terror attacks.She was also part of the Zee TV environmental awareness initiative My Earth My Duty in 2013. She volunteered for the Punjab Kesari 'Selfie with Daughter' campaign to address the importance of saving the girl child in 2016. In 2017, she adopted two kittens and a puppy namely Mia, Simba and Pari to emphasize animal welfare. In 2018, she wrote an open letter to the Prime Minister expressing her concern about safety of women in India. Same year, she volunteered to emphasize celebrating Ganesh Chaturthi with Eco-friendly Ganesha idol. In 2019, she participated in an event held at Mumbai concerning Digital Detoxification. Same year, she actively volunteered for the save aarey forest campaign.She later on appeared in a United Nations sponsored short film Interdependence to raise awareness regarding climate change. References

External links

Living people
Marathi people
Actresses in Hindi cinema
Actresses in Tamil cinema
Actresses in Telugu cinema
Actresses in Kannada cinema
Actresses in Bengali cinema
Indian film actresses
21st-century Indian actresses
Actresses from Pune
Actresses in Malayalam cinema
Actresses in Marathi cinema
Female models from Maharashtra
Tamil playback singers
Indian women pop singers
Year of birth missing (living

masks: Fadnis Fadnis


texts:
<mask> (11 June 1588 O.S. (21 June 1588 NS) – 2 May 1667 O.S. (12 May 1667 NS)) was a prolific English poet, pamphleteer, satirist and writer of hymns. Wither's long life spanned one of the most tumultuous periods in the history of England, during the reigns of Elizabeth I, James I, and Charles I, the Civil War, the Parliamentary period and the Restoration period. Biography

Early life
Wither was born in Bentworth, near Alton, in the heart of Hampshire, the son of <mask> of that place and his wife, Mary, who was possibly from the family of Hunt. His grandfather, <mask>, lived at Manydown in Wootton St Lawrence, where the family had resided since at least 1344. His early schooling took place under Rev.John Greaves, the father of John, Sir Edward and Thomas Greaves. Between the ages of fifteen and seventeen he studied at Magdalen College, Oxford. Despite his neighbors' advice that his father put him to some mechanic trade, he was sent to one of the Inns of Chancery, eventually obtaining an introduction at Court. It is thought that he spent some time in Ireland, perhaps with Adam Loftus at Rathfarnham Castle. He wrote what amounted to a masque for a wedding that took place there in 1610, of the parents of Francis Willughby. He wrote an elegy (1612) on the death of Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, and a volume of gratulatory poems (1613) on the marriage of the princess Elizabeth. Imprisonment and release

Some time between 1611 and 1613 he wrote Abuses Stript and Whipt, twenty satires directed

masks:
George Wither
George Wither Senior
Richard Wither


texts:
 against Revenge, Ambition, Lust.These satires—aimed at exposing "th'abuses of these wicked Times"—achieved some popular success and there were seven printings from 1613 to 1617. The volume included a poem called "The Scourge", in which the Lord Chancellor was attacked, and a series of epigrams. Despite the fact that the satires referenced nobody by name, and that Wither had published them a year before with no trouble, he was arrested for libel "on or about 20 March 1614" and held in the Marshalsea prison for four months before being released. In A Satyre: Dedicated to His Most Excellent Majestie, Wither made a bold appeal to King James for his release, claiming that he had "not sought to scandalize the state, nor sowne sedition." The cause for his initial imprisonment is somewhat unclear, as the Abuses were in fact very general, and had not satirized any one person by name. Charles Lamb commented

that a man should be convicted of libel when he named no names but Hate, and Envy, and Lust, and Avarice, is like one of the indictments in the Pilgrim's Progress, where Faithful is arraigned for having 'railed on our noble Prince Beelzebub, and spoken contemptibly of his honourable friends, the Lord Old Man, the Lord Carnal Delight, and the Lord Luxurious'. This view has been held by most later critics and scholars, in addition to the possibility of earlier editions containing text which was erased in later editions.Several scholars in the late 19th and early 20th centuries also claimed that Wither


texts:
 had offended Lord Chancellor Ellesmere with one of the verses in Abuses. This claim, however, was rejected by Pritchard, who blames the misreading of the verses. Pritchard makes the case that the reason for Wither's imprisonment was that he angered Henry Howard, 1st Earl of Northampton, by accusing him and others of colluding with the Spanish—and Catholic—government. Pritchard mentions that Northampton was at the height of his power when Wither was arrested, and notes that he was not able to secure his release until after Northampton's death in June 1614. After his release from prison, Wither was admitted, in 1615, to Lincoln's Inn

In 1621, Wither's satirical Wither's Motto: Nec habeo, nec careo, nec curo (Latin for "I have not, I want not, I care not") sold over 30,000 copies of this poem were sold, according to his own account within a few months. Like his earlier invective, it was said to be libellous, and Wither was again imprisoned, but shortly afterwards released without formal trial on the plea that the book had been duly licensed. Ben Jonson turned satire back on <mask>, portrayed as the Chronomastix of the masque Time Vindicated.<mask> avenged himself, by a reference to Jonson's drunken conclave. He was obliged to print this book with his own hand, in consequence of his quarrel with the Stationers Company. Under Charles I

<mask> was in London during the plague of 1625, and in 1628 published Britain's Remembrancer, a voluminous poem on the subject, interspersed with denunciations of

masks: Wither Wither Wither


texts:
 the wickedness of the times, and prophecies of the disasters about to fall upon England. It reflects on nature of poetry and prophecy, explores the fault lines in politics, and rejects tyranny of the sort the king was denounced for fostering. In 1635 he was employed by Henry Taunton, a London publisher, to write English verses illustrative of the allegorical plates of Crispin van Passe, originally designed for the emblem book Gabriel Rollenhagens Nucleus emblematum selectissimorum (1610–1613). The book was published as a Collection of Emblemes, Ancient and Moderne, of which the only perfect copy known is in the British Museum. In 1636 he translated The Nature of Man by Nemesius.Civil War soldier
<mask> had served as captain of horse in 1639 in the expedition of Charles I against the Scottish Covenanters, and his religious rather than his political convictions must be accepted as the explanation of the fact that, three years after the Scottish expedition, at the outbreak of the English Civil War, he is found definitely siding with the Parliament. He sold his estate to raise a troop of horse, and was placed by a parliamentary committee in command of Farnham Castle. After a few days occupation he left the place undefended, and marched to London. His own house near Farnham was plundered, and he himself was captured by a troop of Royalist horse, owing his life to the intervention of Sir John Denham, on the ground that so long as Wither lived he himself could not be accounted the worst poet in


texts:
 England. A reported episode from 1642 or 1643 has Wither with Henry Marten mocking the coronation regalia. At this time, in any case, <mask>'s views were converging with those of the advocates of true popular sovereignty, and his political poem Vox Pacifica called for a purge of Parliament. He was promoted to the rank of major.He was present at the siege of Gloucester (1643) and at Naseby (1645). He had been deprived in 1643 of his nominal command, and of his commission as justice of the peace, in consequence of an attack upon Sir Richard Onslow, who was, he maintained, responsible for the Farnham disaster. In the same year parliament made him a grant of £2000 for the loss of his property, but he apparently never received the full amount, and complained from time to time of his embarrassments and of the slight rewards he received for his services. An order was made to settle a yearly income of £150 on Wither, chargeable on Sir John Denham's sequestrated estate, but there is no evidence that he ever received it. Commonwealth and Restoration
He became a political and religious writer using verse as his medium. He is considered to stand out as a supporter of the Commonwealth who also proposed a more egalitarian social vision. His Respublica Anglicana (1650) was a reply to the Anarchia Anglicana (1649) of Theodorus Verax (Clement Walker), a Presbyterian opponent of the Independents.It defended 'engagement', the notion that recognition of the Parliamentary regime should be required. A small place


texts:
 given him by the Protector was forfeited after Wither expressed criticism of Cromwell. He was involved in 11 court cases, from 1643 to 1661, including Onslow's libel suit over the poem Justiarius Justificatus. At the Restoration he was arrested, and remained in prison for three years. He was a conforming Anglican; but by this time he had moved closer to the Quakers. In Parallelogrammaton (1662) he compared to them as predecessors the prophets Ezekiel and Habakkuk. Death
Wither died in London.Works
His extant writings, noted by Thomas Park in Brydges's British Bibliographer, number over a hundred. Wither wrote, generally, in a pure English idiom, and preferred the reputation of rusticity. According to the Dunciad "Withers, Ward, and Gildon rest" together "Safe, where no Critics damn, no duns molest". Pastoral and later satires
He was early known in the pastoral genre. He had figured as one of the interlocutors, Roget, in his friend William Browne's Shepherds Pipe, with which were bound up eclogues by other poets, among them one by Wither. During his imprisonment he wrote what may be regarded as a continuation of Browne's work, The Shepherd's Hunting (printed 1615)—eclogues in which the two poets appear as Willie and Roget (in later editions Philarete). It is largely allegorical.The fourth of these eclogues contains a famous passage in praise of poetry; the poets are explicit that pastoral is just a preliminary to other work. In 1615, the year of hisrelese from prison and admission to Lincoln's


texts:
 Inn, Wither printed privately Fidelia, a love elegy, of which there is a unique copy in the Bodleian Library. Other editions of this book, which contained the lyric "Shall I, wasting in despair", appeared in 1617 and 1619. In 1621, he returned to the satiric vein with Wither's Motto: Nec habeo, nec careo, nec curo (Latin for "I have not, I want not, I care not"). It was said to be libellous, and Wither, for the second time, was imprisoned, but shortly afterwards released. In 1622 appeared his Faire-Virtue, The Mistresse of Phil Arete, a long panegyric of a mistress, partly real, partly allegorical, written chiefly in the seven-syllabled verse of which he was a master. Psalmody and hymnody

Wither had begun as a moderate in politics and religion, but his Puritan leanings became more pronounced, as he moved from an Arminian to a more Calvinist position.His later work consists of religious poetry, and of controversial and political tracts. From 1614 he began to work on a new psalm translation, a project in tune with the circle round Sir Edwin Sandys that Wither frequented. Preparation to the Psalter (1619) was an early work in English on literary aspects of the Bible, and initiated a campaign by Wither to substitute his own writings for the dominant psalms. His Hymnes and Songs of the Church (1622–1623) were aimed to counter exclusive psalmody, represented by the Sternhold and Hopkins Psalter. Orlando Gibbons provided tunes for some of them. They were issued under a patent of King James I ordaining


texts:
 that they should be bound up with every copy of the authorized metrical psalms offered for sale. This patent was opposed, as inconsistent with their privilege to print the singing-psalms, by the Stationers Company, to Wither's great mortification and loss, and a second similar patent was finally disallowed by the House of Lords.<mask> defended himself in The Schollers Purgatory (1624). In this document, a 140-page diatribe against the Stationers Company for their refusal to print his work, Wither blames them for his financial ruin and hardship. Some more of <mask>'s religious poetry is contained in Heleluiah: or Britain's Second Remembrancer, which was printed in Holland in 1641. This work assumed the knowledge of metrical psalms. Besides hymns, the book contains songs, especially the Cradle Song, Part 1 No. 50 ("Sleep, baby, sleep, what ails my dear"), the Anniversary Marriage Song, Part 2 No. 17 ("Lord, living here are we"), the Perambulation Song, Part 2 No.24 ("Lord, it hath pleased Thee to say"), the Song for Lovers, Part 3 No. 20 ("Come, sweet heart, come, let us prove"), the Song for the Happily Married,  Part 3 No. 21 ("Since they in singing take delight") and the Song for a Shepherd, Part 3 No. 41 ("Renowned men their herds to keep"). Context and poetic reputation
Wither has been classified as a Spenserian, with Michael Drayton, Giles Fletcher, Phineas Fletcher, and Henry More. The early Jacobean Spenserians were generally republican rather than imperial (at least in terms of ancient

masks: Wither Wither


texts:
 Rome), of the "country party" rather than the "court party", nostalgic for Elizabeth I, and in favour of the older ornateness rather than the plain style of James I,  however Wither is described by Joan Grundy as adopting a deliberate plainness of style. According to Christopher Hill:

... we can trace a line from Spenser ... through a group of poets ... ranging from Shakespeare, Drayton, the two Fletchers, William Browne and Samuel Daniel to <mask>er.Or again:

A line of poets could be traced from Sidney and Spenser through Sylvester and Browne to Wither— not, admittedly, of a rising quality, but of a consistent political attitude. Where Hill identifies connections via the aristocratic patrons and politics, Alastair Fowler takes Drayton to be the poetic centre of a group, which besides Wither comprised Browne, John Davies of Hereford, William Drummond of Hawthornden, <mask> and Joshua Sylvester. From c.1640 onwards, Wither assumed an overtly prophetic voice. His wide range of publication, in prose as well as various poetic genres over nearly half a century, has left a very uneven impression of his interests and affected his poetic reputation. <mask> wrote that "Wither was a man of real genius, but seems to have been partially
insane". Herbert Grierson found something to praise in early love poems, but spoke of "endless diffuse didactic and pious poems, if they can be called poems". C. V. Wedgwood wrote "every so often in the barren acres of his verse is a stretch enlivened by real wit and

masks:
George With
George Sandys
George Gilfillan


texts:
 observation, or fired with a sudden intensity of feeling".Later publication
After a period of neglect, <mask> anthologised <mask> in Specimens of the Early English Poets (1790). Samuel Egerton Brydges published The Shepherds Hunting (1814), Fidelia (1815) and Fair Virtue (1818), and a selection appeared in Ezekiel Sanford's Works of the British Poets, vol. v. (1819). Most of <mask>'s works were edited in twenty volumes for the Spenser Society (1871–82); a selection was included by Henry Morley in his Companion Poets (1891); Fidelia and Fair Virtue are included in Edward Arber's English Garner (vol. iv, 1882; vol. vi, 1883), and The Poetry of <mask>er was edited by Frank Sidgwick in 1902. A selection of Wither's hymns was published in 2011 by The Phoenix Press in The Gibbons Songbook.Whilst primarily a realisation of the tunes Orlando Gibbons wrote for The Hymns and Songs of the Church a selection of verses from the hymns is paired with the original verses from the King James Bible which inspired Wither to create the hymns. Footnotes

References
 McRae, Andrew. "Remembering 1625: <mask>'s Britain's Remembrancer and the Condition of Early Caroline England" English Literary Renaissance 46.3 (2016): 433-455. Grundy, Joan, The Spenserian Poets, Edward Arnold (1969)

External links

Selected Poetry of <mask> (1588-1667)

1588 births
1667 deaths
English Anglicans
17th-century English poets
17th-century English male writers
Inmates of the Marshalsea
Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford
People from

masks:
George Ellis
Wither
Wither
George With
George Wither
George Wither


texts:
<mask> (born January 16, 1986) is an American former professional baseball first baseman and outfielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim from 2010 through 2013, for the Arizona Diamondbacks in 2014 and 2015, the Seattle Mariners in 2015 and the Baltimore Orioles from 2016 to 2019. <mask> was an All-Star in 2012 and 2016. Amateur career
<mask> was born in Anaheim, California, and played high school baseball at Villa Park High School in Villa Park, California. Growing up, Trumbo played travel baseball against future major leaguers Phil Hughes and Brandon Barnes. At Villa Park, Trumbo was a pitcher and infielder, and was a 2005 High School All-American after hitting .425 and going 10-2 with a 2.20 ERA on the mound. Professional career

Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim
Trumbo was selected by the Anaheim Angels in the 18th round (533rd overall) of the 2004 Major League Baseball Draft.He was promoted to the major leagues as part of the September roster expansions on September 3, 2010. He made his major league debut on September 11, 2010, as a pinch hitter for Mike Napoli and then remained in the game to play first base. <mask> entered the 2011 season looking for some early-season playing time at first base after a spring in which he displayed his over credited power. <mask> hit his first career home run on April 12, 2011, off Fausto Carmona of the Cleveland Indians. Although he planned to be a shortstop until Kendrys Morales' returned from injury, he became the Angels' full-time first baseman for the 2011 season due to Morales' season-ending surgery. He led all rookies with 29 home runs and 87 RBIs while batting .254 in his rookie campaign, but finished second in Rookie of the Year voting to Jeremy

masks:
Mark Trumbo
Trumbo
Trumbo
Trumbo
Trumbo


texts:
 Hellickson of the Tampa Bay Rays. <mask> also led the American League in putouts with 1,284 in 2011.The Angels acquired Albert Pujols on December 8, 2011, which forced <mask> to change positions. In the early stages of the 2012 season <mask> and Alberto Callaspo shared time at third base; <mask> also started games in left and right field as well as designated hitter. On June 10, 2012, <mask> had a career-high six RBIs on two three-run home runs in a game against the Colorado Rockies. <mask> was selected for the 2012 Home Run Derby by AL captain Robinson Cano, advancing to the second round before being ousted in a playoff by José Bautista. <mask> was elected to his first all-star game, which was the 2012 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, in his sophomore season. In 2013, he batted .234/.294/.453 in 620 at bats. Arizona Diamondbacks
The Angels traded <mask> to the Arizona Diamondbacks in a three-team trade also involving the Chicago White Sox.The Angels received Tyler Skaggs and Hector Santiago, while the White Sox received Adam Eaton and the Diamondbacks also received two players to be named later. On April 6, <mask> hit his 100th career home run against the Rockies. On April 24, <mask> was placed on the 15-day disabled list with a stress fracture in his left foot. He was removed from the disabled list on July 7. In 2014, he batted .235/.293/.415 in 328 at bats. Seattle Mariners
On June 3, 2015, the Diamondbacks traded <mask> and Vidal Nuño to the Seattle Mariners for catcher Welington Castillo, reliever Dominic Leone, and prospects Gabby Guerrero and Jack Reinheimer. Trumbo played in 96 games for the Mariners and slashed .263/.316/.419 while hitting 13 home runs, 13 doubles, and driving in 41 runs.Baltimore Orioles

2016
On December 2,

masks: Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo


texts: 2015, the Mariners traded <mask> and C. J. Riefenhauser to the Baltimore Orioles for Steve Clevenger. <mask> went 4-for-5 in the first game of the 2016 season, his sixth career game with four hits. <mask> hit his first home run in an Orioles uniform on April 11. He homered again the next day. <mask> homered for the third time in four games on April 14, and on April 15, <mask> became the first Oriole to hit two home runs in the same inning, driving in a total of five runs in the Orioles 11-5 comeback victory over the Rangers. It was <mask>'s eighth career multi-homer game. Through his first ten games, <mask> hit .400, five home runs, and had 11 RBIs.<mask> was later named AL co-Player of the week after slashing .320/.346/.960, hitting five home runs, driving in 11 runs, and scoring eight times. For the month of April, <mask> slashed .337/.385/.573 with a .958 OPS, six home runs, 19 RBIs, and three doubles. <mask> collected his ninth career multi-homer game on May 3 in a 4-1 victory over the Yankees. On May 11, <mask> had his tenth career multi-homer game. <mask> finished May with a slash line of .239/.291/.550. Despite the low average, he hit nine home runs in the month and collected 18 RBIs. He also added five doubles and a triple.In a 12-7 victory over the Red Sox on June 2, <mask> and the Orioles blasted a season-high seven home runs, two of which belonged to <mask>. <mask> had a strong June, as he slashed .281/.328/.553 while blasting eight home runs and driving in 23 runs. He was later selected to participate in the Home Run Derby and was selected to his second career All-Star Game. In the derby, <mask> hit 16 home runs in the first round and 14 in the second, eventually losing to the Derby champion Giancarlo Stanton. On August 18,

masks: Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo


texts:
 <mask> set a new career high in home runs, 35, against the Houston Astros. On August 22, <mask> hit a go-ahead 2-run home run against the Washington Nationals. With the home run, he collected his 500th career RBI.The home run was also his seventh consecutive hit being a home run. On August 28, <mask> hit his 40th home run of the season. He became the fifth-fastest Oriole to hit their 40th home run in a season (Chris Davis, Jim Gentile, Brady Anderson & Frank Robinson). On September 18, <mask> set a new career high in RBIs, with 101, by hitting his 43rd home run of the year against the Tampa Bay Rays. <mask> hit his league-leading 44th home run of the year on September 23 in a 3-2 walkoff victory over the Diamondbacks. It was the fifth walkoff home run of his career. <mask> ended the year having played in 159 games, slashing .256/.316/.533 while hitting a Major League-leading 47 home runs and driving in 108 RBIs, while seeing the lowest percentage of fastballs of all MLB hitters (47.5%).<mask> tied a career-high in games played and on-base percentage, while setting career-highs in runs scored, hits, home runs, RBIs, slugging percentage and OPS. His 47 home runs tied him for fourth most home runs in a single season in Orioles franchise history, tied with teammate Chris Davis. The Orioles finished the season 89-73, qualifying for the final postseason spot. In the Orioles Wild Card game, <mask> hit a fourth inning 2-run home run to give the Orioles an early 2-1 lead. The Orioles lost 5-2 in 11 innings. <mask> won the AL Sporting News Comeback Player of the Year Award for his accomplishments during the 2016 season. He also won the Silver Slugger Award, the first of his career.2017
On January 20, 2017, <mask> signed a three-year contract with the

masks: Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo


texts:
 Orioles. On Opening Day, <mask> hit a walk-off home run for the Orioles, against the Blue Jays, in the eleventh inning. He finished the game with two hits, a double, a home run and two RBIs. The blast was <mask>'s sixth career walk-off homer. On September 5, 2017, <mask> hit his 200th career home run off of CC Sabathia. In 2017, he batted .234/.289/.397 in 559 at bats. He had four walk-off hits during the season, the most in MLB.2018
<mask> began the season on the disabled list, missing the first month of the season. He was activated on May 1. <mask> had season ending knee surgery in August. He finished the year with a .261 batting average along with 17 home runs and 44 RBIs in 358 plate appearances. He played only 90 games due to injuries. 2019
After spending most of the 2019 season on the injured list following his knee surgery, <mask> was activated off the IL on September 2, 2019. He played in only 12 games, hitting .172 in 29 at bats.References

External links

Baseball Almanac

1986 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Orange, California
Baseball players from California
Major League Baseball first basemen
Major League Baseball left fielders
Major League Baseball right fielders
American League All-Stars
American League home run champions
Los Angeles Angels players
Arizona Diamondbacks players
Seattle Mariners players
Baltimore Orioles players
Orem Owlz players
Cedar Rapids Kernels players
Arkansas Travelers players
Rancho Cucamonga Quakes players
Scottsdale Scorpions players
Gigantes del Cibao players
American expatriate baseball players in the Dominican Republic
Salt Lake Bees players
Navegantes del Magallanes players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Arizona League Diamondbacks players
Reno Aces players
Silver

masks: Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo Trumbo


texts:
<mask> (born July 28, 1941) is a Canadian voice actor. He is best known as the voice of Optimus Prime in the original 1980s Transformers animated series, and most other incarnations of the character. He has also voiced many other characters across a wide variety of popular media, including Eeyore in the Winnie the Pooh franchise, Monterey Jack in Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers, the first voice of KARR in Knight Rider and the vocalizations of the title character in Predator. In 2007, <mask> returned to the role of Optimus Prime in Transformers media, starting with the first live-action film. Early life
<mask> was born on July 28, 1941, in Montreal, Quebec, to Henry and Muriel (née McCann) <mask>. He has three siblings: Michaela, Sonny, and Larry. <mask> attended Regiopolis-Notre Dame Catholic Secondary School.He is a member of the first graduating class of the National Theatre School of Canada, which he graduated in 1963. His brother, <mask> Prime. Career

1960s–1970s
In 1968, he and Joan Stuart appeared as "Giles" and "Penelope" in L'Anglaise, a recurring segment about a French-Canadian man with an English-Canadian wife, on the CBC Radio comedy series, Funny You Should Say That. <mask> played a French-Canadian astronaut character named Commander Bi Bi Latuque alongside Ted Zeigler for the 1969 children's show, The Buddies on CFCF-TV in Montreal. He honed his voice skills by working as a radio announcer, notably in his home town of Montreal on (then) MOR station CKGM doing the overnight and weekend swing shifts. From 1967 to 1969, he was the announcer for Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour. From 1971 to 1974, he, Zeigler and Billy Van were series regulars on The Sonny and Cher

masks:
Peter Claver Cullen
Cullen
Cullen
Cullen
Cullen
Larry Cullenmus
Cullen


texts:
 Comedy Hour.In 1974, <mask> was the announcer and a series regular (with Ted Zeigler and Billy Van) on The Hudson Brothers Razzle Dazzle Show. He lent his voice to a character in the album "The Story of Halloween Horror" in 1977. As Optimus Prime
<mask> recalls auditioning for the role of the robot superhero Optimus Prime at a casting house in Burbank, California, explaining that as he read Prime's character breakdown, he saw that it was "the opportunity of the year", and heeded his brother Larry's advice: "<mask>, don't be a Hollywood superhero, be a real superhero. Real superheroes don't yell and act tough; they are tough enough to be gentle, so control yourself." <mask> later learned from his agent, Steve Tisherman, that he not only won the part of Prime, but also, to his surprise, the role of Ironhide as well, which he saw as a "home run". He has stated that Optimus is his favorite voice role, and that he based the voice of the Autobot leader on his older brother Larry, who served in Vietnam. "When he came home, I could see a change.He was quieter and he was a man and a superhero to me," says the actor. "I watched him and listened to him. I'd never had an opportunity to do a superhero, and when that came, [that voice] just came right out of me and I sounded like Optimus." He has also stated that he had no idea of Prime's popularity until the character's controversial death in the 1986 animated film, because the studio had never given him fan letters from children addressed to Optimus. The public backlash over Optimus's death surprised producers greatly. Children were leaving the theaters distraught because of the character's death. The writers temporarily revived

masks: Cullen Cullen Peter Cullen


texts:
 the character for a single episode in Season 3 called "Dark Awakening".Initially, this was intended to be his final appearance, but after fan requests continued, "The Return of Optimus Prime", a two-part episode was produced. The original ending of "Dark Awakening" was altered in reruns to include a teaser about the return of the character, and indeed, Optimus returned once and for all to lead the Autobots for the final five episodes of the original American cartoon series. <mask> reprised the role of Optimus Prime in the 2007 Transformers live-action film, and then in its sequels Revenge of the Fallen, Dark of the Moon, Age of Extinction, and The Last Knight, the spin-off Bumblebee film, and the video games based on the film series. <mask> is contractually obligated to voice Optimus in at least one more sequel. Currently, it is unknown if he will continue to voice Optimus Prime following Rise of the Beasts. <mask> again reprised his role as Optimus Prime in the video games Transformers: War for Cybertron, Transformers: Fall of Cybertron and Transformers: Devastation, and in the recent television series Transformers: Rescue Bots, Transformers: Prime and Transformers: Robots in Disguise. His performance in the premiere season of Transformers: Prime earned him a nomination for a 2011 Daytime Emmy Award in the Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program category.Other work

In the 1980s and 1990s, <mask> appeared on a number of television shows. He has played Coran, Stride the Tiger Fighter, and King Alfor in the Lion Voltron series, the transforming spaceship/robot Ramrod, the heroic Commander Eagle and the villainous Nemesis in the 1980s anime series Saber Rider and

masks: Cullen Cullen Cullen Cullen


texts: the Star Sheriffs, Commander James Hawkins in the Vehicle Voltron series, Eeyore in the Winnie the Pooh franchise, Original First Voice of KARR in Knight Rider, Antor and Bomba, and Gunner, in Dino-Riders, Airborne, Zandar and Nemesis Enforcer in G.I. Joe, He played Mantor/Mantys in Coleco's 5 episode mini-series Sectaurs in 1986; Red Skull in the 1981 cartoon series of Spider-Man, Klaar and Zanzoar in Megas XLR and Mantus in The Pirates of Dark Water. He also had a voice part in the 1984 motion picture Gremlins (as a gremlin) and in the first season of the 2008 Knight Rider series, where he reprised his vocal role as KARR (from the original Knight Rider series). He also did voicework in The Greatest Adventure: Stories from the Bible series, notably as Japheth, one of Noah's sons in the "Noah's Ark" episode, and the King of Nineveh in the "Jonah" episode. He was well known by some as the main villain Venger in the animated series of Dungeons and Dragons. He played the evil sorcerer Renwick in the lesser known series Little Wizards and played Cindarr in the short-lived series Visionaries: Knights of the Magical Light.Among many other television series and films, he has also lent his basso voice to many film trailers and television commercials, including announcing for the Toonami and You Are Here blocks on the Cartoon Network. <mask> spent some of his early professional years in Montreal as a radio announcer/DJ on CKGM; and as a character in a then-popular local television kids show. He acted the role of a French-Canadian astronaut, along with writer and his partner on the show, Ted Ziegler. Both Ziegler and <mask> were in the supporting cast of The Sonny & Cher Comedy

masks: Cullen Cullen


texts:
 Hour, as well as other network comedies of the era. He voiced Nintendo's mascot Mario in the Donkey Kong segments on Saturday Supercade, making him the first person to ever provide a voice for the character in western media. <mask> has done voicework on drum and bass DJ Dieselboy's 2004 album, The Dungeonmaster's Guide, and narration on the 2013 album Tetragrammaton by the Dutch extreme metal band The Monolith Deathcult. Tetragrammaton also featured <mask> on bass in "God's Among Insects."Additionally, he did voicework for the unreleased Blizzard Entertainment game Warcraft Adventures: Lord of the Clans, and provided narration for the Star Wars fan film series I.M.P.S. : The Relentless. <mask> is a voice announcer on Police Story 4: First Strike in advertisements for New Line Cinema, lending his experience as an ex-cop for the Santa Monica division to the cast. Personal life
<mask> has four children: Clay, Angus, Claire, Pilar and three grandchildren. He is a good friend of his longtime Dungeons and Dragons and Transformers co-star and fellow voice actor Frank Welker. Honours
At BotCon 2010, Hasbro named <mask> Prime. Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

Live-action

Theme park rides

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1941 births
Living people
Anglophone Quebec people
Canadian expatriate male actors in the United States
Canadian male film actors
Canadian male television actors
Canadian male video game actors
Canadian male voice actors
Canadian Roman Catholics
Canadian sketch comedians
Male actors from Montreal
National Theatre School of Canada alumni
20th-century Canadian male actors
21st-century Canadian male actors
Comedians from

masks: Cullen Cullen Cullen Cullen Cullenmus


texts:
<mask> (17 August 1923 – 22 October 2009) was a French historian. His specialty was Latin American history; he also studied French social and religious history of the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. A leading figure in French quantitative history as the founder of "serial history", he was professor emeritus at Paris IV-Sorbonne, a member of the Institut de France, and a commander of the Légion d'Honneur. A convert to Protestantism from Roman Catholicism, he defended his Gaullist views most notably in a longtime column in Le Figaro and on Radio Courtoisie. Biography
A native of Belleville-sur-Meuse, "on the outskirts of the battle of Verdun" in his own words, and raised by his uncle and aunt, <mask> was deeply scarred by his own family tragedies, which explained the reasons for his conservatism. He was however a Republican and a Democrat, rejecting totally the far-right ideologies that were widespread during his youth. He became a strong supporter of general Charles de Gaulle and of Gaullism in the aftermath of World War II.<mask> taught in the lycée of Bar-le-Duc in 1947, where he was a professor of history. He was admitted to the École des hautes études hispaniques in 1948 and stayed in Madrid and Seville until 1951. Strongly influenced by Fernand Braudel, who was his mentor, and the Annales School (where he was secretary to Lucien Febvre), Chaunu defended his dissertation on Séville et l’Atlantique in 1954. Nonetheless, Braudel denied him entry into the sixth section of the École practique des hautes études. He was professor at the lycée at Vanves (1951–1956), part-time lecturer at the faculté des lettres in Paris (1956), researcher at

masks:
Pierre Chaunu
Pierre René Chaunu
Pierre Chaunu


texts:
 the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), elected member of CNRS after 1957 and of the Comité consultant des universités, and in 1959 chargé d’enseignement (assistant professor). In 1960, Chaunu became maitre de conferences (associate professor) in 1960 and full professor in 1962 at the University of Caen Lower Normandy, where he founded the Centre de recherche d’histoire quantitative in 1966. He was named professor of modern history at Paris-Sorbonne University in 1970.Beginning in 1976, he was a member of the Conseil économique et social's section for the adaptation of research technique and for economic information, and from 1980 he was a member of the historical section of the Conseil scientifique of CNRS. In 1982, he was elected as a member of the historical and geographical section of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques. He became a member of the Haut conseil a l’intégration (High Council on Immigration) in 1994. From 1988 to 1990, he was president of the Fédération nationale des syndicats autonomes de l’enseighment supérieur. Until 2005, he directed the weekly broadcast of "Les Mardis de la mémoire" on Radio Courtoisie. From the early 1980s he had a column in "Le Figaro." <mask>u converted to Protestantism as an adult (having previously been a Roman Catholic).He was a lay preacher in the temple at Courseulles-sur-Mer (Reformed Church of France) and a committee member of the Société de l'Histoire du Protestantisme Français. He was also the father of six children, including the illustrator and cartoonist Emmanuel Chaunu (born in 1966). He was a commander of the Légion d’honneur. Death
Chaunu died at


texts:
 Caen on 22 October 2009, aged 86. Works
The central thesis of several of his works, including "La Peste blanche", is that the contemporary West is committing suicide because of demographic decline and low birth rate; hence the subtitle, "How can the suicide of the West be avoided?" In evoking the word "plague", the historian very explicitly recalled the terrible epidemic that decimated the European population in the fourteenth century. He equally echoed the study of Latin America that made his reputation: South America experienced a steep drop in population at the arrival of the Spanish.From 80 million, the population went to 10 million in the span of half a century. (This claim has provoked very significant controversy; see e.g., Henige, who argues that the population at the relevant dates is essentially unknowable.) Thus, according to Chaunu, the demographic index became a prime indicator to understand the rise and fall of civilizations. The historian maintained that population growth could reverse itself rapidly, to the point of resulting in the phenomena of near-disappearance of some peoples. Influence
Chaunu had an important impact on historiography, whether with regard to quantitative history, his studies of Latin America, or the social and religious history of France during the Ancien Régime. Publications

Books
 Histoire de l'Amérique latine, Paris, PUF, "Que sais-je? ", 1949.Réédition en 2009. Séville et l'Atlantique (1504–1650), Paris, SEVPEN, 12 volumes, 1955–1960. (Prix de Loubat, 1962). Les Philippines et le Pacifique des Ibériques, Paris, SEVPEN, 2 volumes, 1960–1966. L'Amérique et les Amériques de la préhistoire à nos


texts:
 jours, Paris, Armand Colin, 1964. La Civilisation de l'Europe classique, Paris, Arthaud, 1966. L'Expansion européenne du XIIIe et XVe siècles, Paris, PUF, 1969.(English translation European expansion in the later Middle Ages, Amsterdam, North Holland Publishing.) Conquête et exploitation des nouveaux mondes, Paris, PUF, 1969. La Civilisation de l'Europe des Lumières, Paris, Arthaud, 1971. L'Espagne de Charles Quint, Paris, SEDES, 2 volumes, 1973. Démographie historique et système de civilisation, Rome, EFR, 1974. Histoire, science sociale, Paris, SEDES, 1974. Le Temps des Réformes, Paris, Fayard, 1975.De l'histoire à la prospective, Paris, Robert Laffont, 1975. Les Amériques, XVIe et XVIIIe siècles, Paris, Armand Colin, 1976. La peste blanche (with Georges Suffert), Paris, Gallimard, 1976. Séville et l'Amérique aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles, Paris, Flammarion, 1977. La Mort à Paris (XVIe et XVIIe siècles, Paris, Fayard, 1978. Histoire quantitative, histoire sérielle, Paris, Armand Colin, 1978. Le sursis, Paris, Robert Laffont, 1978
 La France ridée, Paris, Pluriel, 1979
 Un futur sans avenir, Histoire et population, Calmann-Lévy,1979
 Histoire et imagination.La transition, Paris, PUF, 1980. Église, culture et société. Réforme et Contre-Réforme (1517–1620), Paris, SEDES, 1980. Histoire et décadence, Paris, Perrin, 1981. (Grand Prix Goubert, 1982)
 La France, Paris, Robert Laffont, 1982. Pour l'histoire, Paris, Perrin, 1984. L'Aventure de la Réforme.Le monde de Jean Calvin, Paris, Desclée de Brouwer, 1986. (English translation, The Reformation, Gloucester, Sutton.) Apologie par l'histoire, Paris, Œil, 1988. Le Grand Déclassement, Paris,


texts:
 Robert Laffont, 1989. Reflets et miroir de l'histoire, Economica, Paris, 1990
 Histoire économique et sociale de la France. Tome 1, 1450-1660, (with Ernest Labrousse) PUF, "Quadrige", 1993. Colomb ou la logique de l'imprévisible, Paris, F. Bourin, 1993.Baptême de Clovis, baptême de la France, (in collaboration), Paris, Balland, 1996. Le Basculement religieux de Paris au XVIIIe siècle, (in collaboration), Paris, Fayard, 1998. Charles Quint, (with Michèle Escamilla), Paris, Fayard, 2000. La femme et Dieu, (with Jacques Renard), Paris, Fayard, 2001
 Essai de prospective démographique, (with Huguette Chaunu and Jacques Renard), Paris, Fayard, 2003
 Des curés aux entrepreneurs: la Vendée au XXe siècle, Centre Vendéen de Recherches Historiques, 2004. Le livre noir de la Révolution française, Cerf, 2008

Article
 La philosophie et l'histoire, (with Roger Arnaldez) in Jean-François Mattéi, Le Discours philosophique, volume IV of the Encyclopédie philosophique universelle, Paris, PUF, 1998. Endnotes

External links
 Le legs monumental de <mask>unu à l’Histoire
 Portrait of <mask>unu on herodote.net, février 2007
 " Surpopulation de la planète : Les chiffres donnés par l’ONU sont-ils truqués ? ", 6 octobre 1999
 C.R.H.Q, Centre de Recherche d'Histoire Quantitative

References
Obituary in French

1923 births
2009 deaths
People from Meuse (department)
French Calvinist and Reformed Christians
French Protestants
Converts to Calvinism from Roman Catholicism
Historians of France
Economic historians
University of Paris faculty
Members of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques
20th-century French historians
Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur
Le

masks:
Pierre Cha
Pierre Cha


texts:
<mask> (16 November 1885 – 15 September 1968) was a Pallottine priest and founder of the Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement. He is also remembered as a theologian, educator and pioneer of a Catholic response to an array of modern issues, whose teachings underwent a series of challenges from political and ecclesiastical powers. He attempted to teach Christians how to live out their faith. His case for sainthood is currently at the diocesan level in the diocese of Trier, pending the compilation of his writings and correspondences. Early life

Childhood
<mask> was born on 16 November 1885 in Gymnich, near Cologne, and baptised "Peter Josef Kentenich" on 19 November at the parish church of St. Kuniberts. His mother was <mask> and his father was Matthias Köp, a manager on a farm in Oberbolheim, where Katharina was one of the domestic staff. Because his parents were not married (and never married), <mask> was born at the house of his maternal grandparents, Anna Maria and <mask>, where he spent the first years of his life.From the end of 1891 until the second half of 1892, <mask> lived with his mother in Strasbourg, where she worked as housekeeper for her elder brother, <mask>, after his wife's death on 25 December 1891. The boy attended a school there for a few months. After her brother remarried on 25 June 1892, Katharina and her son returned to Gymnich. Katharina had to look for a permanent job in order to support her child. <mask> was sent to St. Vincent orphanage in Oberhausen on 12 April 1894. Upon arrival, Katharina gripped the neck of a statue of the Virgin Mary, a gold chain with a cross, one of the few precious objects she owned; she asked the Mother of Jesus to take care of the

masks:
Peter Joseph Kentenich
Kentenich
Katharina Kentenich
Joseph
Matthias Kentenich
Joseph
Peter Joseph
Joseph Kentenich


texts:
 education of her son; then she put the cross on <mask>'s neck. Entrance into the seminary
In 1897, Kentenich expressed the wish to become a priest for the first time.Two years later, he entered the Pallottines minor seminary in Ehrenbreitstein. In 1904, he entered the novitiate of the Pallottines in Limburg an der Lahn. In his diary, he formulates his spiritual journey, "God is my only goal, He must also be the star that guides my life." However, he faces difficulties because of his intellectualist character. He is obsessed by the primary philosophical question: "Is there a truth, and how to know it?" He had a strong aspiration for perfection, but felt great insensitivity, a sort of incapacity to love God and his neighbor. Marian devotion allowed him to overcome this crisis and discover the personal love that God, Jesus Christ and the Virgin Mary had for him, a love that is not an abstract idea but a living reality.Priesthood

Admitted to the religious profession in 1909, <mask> was ordained as a priest in Limburg an der Lahn on 8 July 1910. Although he wished to become a missionary in Africa with the Pallottines, his poor health prevented him from doing so. He was first a professor at the Minor Seminary of Ehrenbreistein. From 1912 to 1919, he served as spiritual director at the minor seminary of the Pallottine Fathers in Vallendar-Schoenstatt, near Koblenz (Germany) on the Rhine. Chaplain
Indeed, a storm stirred the seminarians of Vallendar-Schoenstatt: students protested against the internal regulations that they considered too severe, while some protesters spread graffiti on the walls. Two priests in charge of their spiritual direction resigned. Under this situation, a young

masks: Joseph Kentenich


texts:
 <mask> is named as a replacement to try to restore confidence among the seminarians.In his first talk, he said to his students: "I am at your disposal with all that I am and all that I have: my knowledge and my ignorance, my competence and my incompetence, but especially my heart... We will learn to educate ourselves under the protection of Mary, to become strong, free and priestly men." Founding the Schoenstatt Movement

Beginning the "Covenant of Love" with Mary
 <mask> interpreted the ideas of his order's founder, Vincent Pallotti, to be calling for a worldwide effort to involve lay people in apostolic work, and to unite the various factions in the church. With some of his pupils, on 18 October 1914, Kentenich laid the first milestone of the foundation of the work of Schoenstatt. In an old chapel of St. Michael, formerly abandoned and used for the storage of the gardening tools, he gathers about twenty seminarians, where they seal with the Mother of God a covenant that he will call "Covenant of Love". What makes unique this approach is that this "Covenant" is conceived not as a pious symbol, but a bilateral contract between the two contracting parties. Moreover, through the voice of the young priest, the Holy Virgin is requested to kindly establish Her throne in the chapel to spread Her treasures. Each group member agrees to give up now entirely to the Mother of God, and to let themselves be guided by Her through their existence.The group founds a Marian Congregation. This was the beginning and the lasting foundation of today's worldwide development of the Schoenstatt Movement. This movement was named after its place of origin, a word meaning "Beautiful Place". Indeed, deeply

masks:
Father Kentenich
Kentenich


texts:
 convinced about Mary's love for all men, he implored by prayer and sacrifice for that small chapel becomes a privileged place of grace and that it may attract multitudes of men and educate them for the work of God's Kingdom. The speech he delivered on this occasion is considered the Schoenstatt Movement's Foundation Act.The young seminarians grasped his intentions and testified by their spirit of sacrifice during the difficult years of World War I. Some of them, amid the dangers of the front, sacrificed their lives for the cause of Schoenstatt. Among these, the Servant of <mask> Engling was particularly distinguished: fervent seminarian, supporter of the peace between nations and an apostle among his fellow soldiers, he offers his life to the Our Lady for the development of Schoenstatt.On 4 October 1918, he is killed by a shell in Northern France, next to Thun-Saint-Martin; Father Kentenich would present him as a model. His process of beatification is underway. In 1915, a teacher gave to Kentenich a picture of the Virgin Mary with her child. Despite the low artistic value of the work, Kentenich was charmed by the tenderness of the gesture of Mary clutching Jesus on her heart; he placed the picture above the altar. Revered as Mater Ter Admirabilis (Mother Thrice Admirable), she was put in all the foundations of Schoenstatt. During the war, a magazine under the same patronage was sent to the youth who fight at the front. Between WWI and WWII
The project, initially purely local, expanded rapidly after the World War I.It gradually encompassed many categories; young people, priests, women, sisters, and pilgrims. They are structured according to the German practical spirit, with leagues,


texts:
 federations, and later with secular institutes, according to the degree of commitment of each of their members. Father Kentenich traveled through all of Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Switzerland, to preach retreats and lead training sessions. From 1928 to 1935, he preached every year for more than 2,000 priests, and many other lay retreatants. In 1926, Kentenich founded the Schoenstatt Sisters of Mary. During Hitler's reign
Kentenich observed with concern the rise of Nazism, which he ranked among the products of what he calls "the idealistic and mechanistic thinking" that engulfed Europe since nineteenth century like an oil spill. In 1933, when the Nazis took power in Germany and closed religious houses one after the other, Father Kentenich took little time to send groups of  the Schoenstatt Sisters of Mary groups to South Africa, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay to allow the movement to survive in case the persecution of the Church in Germany intensified.His opposition to Nazism attracted persecutory reactions towards him. Father Kentenich said about the swastika: "We, it is the Cross of the Christ that we follow." About Nazism, he said, "I see no place where the water of baptism could run there". On 20 September 1941, <mask> was arrested by the Gestapo in Koblenz and subsequently sent to Dachau concentration camp. He spent over 3 years in the camp, where he became a support for many people, especially among the priests, and according to firsthand accounts, he guided many prisoners to show compassion, to be good men even in the midst of certain death. In Dachau, new branches of the Schoenstatt Movement, including its first international and family branches, were


texts:
 founded. Arrest by the Gestapo
Once in power, the Nazis were quick to classify Schoenstatt among the main opponents to destroy.After endless vexations, on 20 September 1941, <mask> was summoned by the Gestapo; quoting some of his words spoken in private, but reported by an informer: "My mission is to reveal the inner emptiness of National Socialism, and by there to defeat it." The police imprisoned him for a month in a cell without ventilation, in order to break his resistance. This was a small massive concrete cell without any opening than the door. <mask> was kept for four weeks in this dark and airless bunker, which was previously the vault of a branch of the Reichsbank. He left physically debilitated, but calm and peaceful as before. He was then transferred to a prison in Koblenz, a former Carmelite convent. He spent 5 months there, after which he was sent on to Dachau.Sent to the Dachau concentration camp

In March 1942, <mask> was sent to the Dachau concentration camp at a moment when the living conditions there were worsening. Of the 12,000 prisoners, there were 2,600 priests. He was inmate number 29392. The Germans were grouped in a block where they have the right to attend daily Mass celebrated by one of them; it is only on 19 March 1943 that  <mask> would finally celebrate his first Mass at the camp. He gave a nightly spiritual conference to his fellow prisoners thanks to the protection of the "kapo" (inmate block chief) Guttmann, a Communist with a rather violent temper, but fascinated by the behavior of the Father. Guttman saw Kentenich sharing his meager daily bread and soup with a detainee in need. Guttmann will save the priest who is destined to die in the gas chamber

masks:
Kentenich
Father Kentenich
Kentenich
Kentenich


texts:
 because of his poor health.On the day of the selection visit by an S.S. physician, the kapo hides Father Kentenich; assigned to the disinfection commando, he can now circulate in the camp. Foundation of Schoenstatt International at Dachau
On 16 July 1942 two new Schoenstatt branches were created at Dachau under the responsibility of two lay deportees: the Secular Institute of the Families and the Institute of the Brothers of Mary. Transferred into various blocks, Kentenich restarted his apostleship each time despite the personal risk he incurred. Over the last three months of 1944, the tightening of the Nazi regime and epidemics cause the death of 10,000 prisoners in Dachau. It was at this point that, in a surprising act of faith and hope in this hellish place, <mask> formed,  with a group of disciples, the International Movement which extended the foundation of Schoenstatt out into the world. He wrote under unimaginable material conditions treaties of spirituality, prayers, and a didactic poem of over 20,000 verses. In December, Bishop Gabriel Piguet, a French prisoner, ordained under the highest secrecy a priest Blessed Karl Leisner, a seminarian from Schoenstatt.Suffering from tuberculosis and very weakened, Leisner will celebrate only one Mass before dying; he will be beatified by John Paul II on 23 June 1996. On 6 April 1945, upon the arrival of American troops, the prisoners are released. On 20 May, at the feast of Pentecost, <mask> returned to Schoenstatt. He immediately restarted his work, in order to establish a barrier against those whom he considered the biggest dangers to the world: communism in the East, and practical materialism in the West. The experience of

masks:
Father Kentenich
Father Kentenich


texts:
 deportation helped him teach his disciples on how to maintain inner freedom. Fathers Albert Eise and Franz Reinisch, two martyrs from Schoenstatt, the first who died from disease in Dachau, the second executed by the Nazis, were invoked as heavenly protectors by all members of the Movement. International development of Schoenstatt

In March 1947, <mask> was received in a private audience by Pope Pius XII.He thanked the Pope for the publication, two days earlier, of the constitution Provida Mater Ecclesia, which created the Secular Institutes.In October 1948, the Holy See erected in a Secular Institute the Schoenstatt Sisters of Mary. At the same time, <mask> traveled to Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, the United States, and Africa to establish the movement there, with the construction of replicas of the Schoenstatt Shrine, training centers, and religious houses. Exile
However, opposition continued to grow against the movement whose presence and reach engendered jealousy. These opponents did not focus on points of doctrine, but primarily on terms used in certain prayers and the role of the founder that were deemed too exclusive. The Bishop of Trier, in whose diocese Schoenstatt is located, ordered a canonical visitation. The overall visitor's report praised the movement, but made some minor criticisms to which <mask> was invited to reply. He raised the debate by writing a long document on the work of Schoenstatt which was presented as a cure for the disease of Western thought, idealism.For Kentenich, Schoenstatt was an antidote to this poison, because it is not an abstract theory but a practical application of Christian doctrine. However, his long response upset the Apostolic

masks:
Father Kentenich
Kentenich
Father Kentenich


texts: Visitor, who sent the file to the Holy Office in Rome. In 1951, Father Tromp, a Dutch Jesuit, was appointed Apostolic Inspector with extensive powers. Baffled by the unconventional terminology used by Father Kentenich, he accused him of being an agitator, an innovator, and even a sectarian. After being stripped of all his functions in the movement, Kentenich was assigned a residence in the convent of Pallottines in Milwaukee; all further correspondence with the leaders of the work was prohibited. More than three decades later, when witnesses were examined for the cause of Father Kentenich's beatification, a 78-year-old priest still in office declared, "Kentenich never received any official act of indictment. There was no official lawyer and he was never brought before a judge, much less faced a complainant or a witness."His exile lasted fourteen years. However, Kentenich accepted the punishment and writes: "God does not speak clearly by events? The Church wants to test our obedience, to recognize that if the work and the holder of the work are marked by God." In 1959, <mask> was appointed as parish priest of the German-speaking Catholic community of Milwaukee, with many immigrants from that nation. "He spoke about the Heavenly Father, will say some of his parishioners, as we had never heard anyone to do it." In 1953, Pope Pius XII, by suggestion, refused to dissolve Schoenstatt. The status of the movement became a matter of whether it should be integrated into the Congregation of the Pallottines, or have its autonomy.The superiors of the Order advocated for the first option, but other Pallottines agreed with Father Kentenich that Schoenstatt should be fully autonomous under penalty of


texts:
 wither. In 1962, under the intervention of several bishops, John XXIII entrusted the case to the Congregation for Religious. Return from exile
In December 1963, Pope Paul VI appointed Bishop Höffner, from Münster, as moderator and protector of Schoenstatt. A new apostolic visitor is appointed, who delivered a favorable report. In 1964, under the unanimous opinion of the German bishops, a papal decree declared the separation of Schoenstatt from the Pallottines. In October 1965, <mask> was reinstated at the direction of the Movement. Now in his eighties, he was received by Paul VI a few days after the closing of the Second Vatican Council.He predicted that the council "will bear fruit, but will have first negative effects, because of the uncertainty of large sections of the hierarchy, clergy and laity about the image of the Church... This uncertainty can be overcome by turning our eyes to Mary, the first image and Mother of the Church. His last actions in Schoenstatt: a father to many
On Christmas of 1965, Father Kentenich, his face now adorned with a long white beard, was enthusiastically welcomed at Schoenstatt. His work now included five secular institutes: the Schoenstatt Fathers, the Diocesan Priests, the Brothers of Mary, the Sisters of Mary, the Ladies of Schoenstatt, and the Families. This also encompassed the several Federations and Leagues gathering priests, lay people, and families. Kentenich now devoted his strength to exert his spiritual fatherhood for all. An influential theology in the years after the council demanded an "adult faith", the autonomy of the individual, the application of the democratic principle in the Church.In opposition to these ideas in fashion,


texts:
 Father Kentenich stressed the fatherhood of God and that of the priesthood in the Church, especially the episcopate. Originating from charity, the fatherhood is also the principle of authority, and implies obedience. The motherly presence of Mary is another essential point of the movement; the practical way to live it is the covenant of love with the Mother Thrice Admirable. In a speech at the annual conference of German Catholics in 1967, Father Kentenich said: "We are living in apocalyptic times... Heavenly and devilish powers clash in this earth... This confrontation is to challenge the domination of the world; today this is clearly visible." The solution is to appeal to the Virgin Mary, "favorite weapon in the hands of the living God". Death
During his last year on earth, Kentenich constantly returned to this theme: "The task of Mary is to bring Christ to the world and the world to Christ... We are convinced that the great crises of the present times cannot be overcome without Mary" (12 September 1968).On 15 September 1968, on the Feast of Our Lady of Sorrows, Kentenich celebrated Mass at the recently inaugurated Church of the Adoration, newly consecrated on the heights of Schoenstatt. Six hundred Sisters of Mary attended the ceremony. Back in the sacristy for the thanksgiving prayer just after Mass, he suffered a heart attack; after receiving the last sacraments he died minutes later. His mortal remains are buried in the place where he took his last breath. On his tomb figure, according to his wish, is the inscription: Dilexit Ecclesiam ("He loved the Church"; Eph 5:25), influenced by the same inscription engraved on the tomb of Cardinal Gaspard Mermillod, Bishop of Geneva


texts:
 (Switzerland) in the 19th century who was exiled from his own country for 11 years for refusing to adhere to a national church separated from Rome. Beatification process
The process for his beatification was opened on 10 February 1975 in the Diocese of Trier, Germany. The process is in the final phase of the diocesan stage.Life-size sculptures of Kentenich, created by American artist Gwendolyn Gillen, now stand outside Schoenstatt chapels in Lamar, Texas, Pewaukee, Wisconsin, Rome, Puerto Rico and many other countries. Investigations into accusations of sexual abuse

In July 2020, Alexandra von Teuffenbach, a former professor at the Pontifical Lateran University and the Regina Apostolorum university, alleged that Kentenich manipulated and coerced community members, specifically from the Schoenstatt Sisters of Mary, into sexually inappropriate conduct. Von Teuffenbach cited particular accusations found in documents of the archives of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith after Pope Francis had allowed the consultation of documents concerning the pontificate of Pius XII. Von Teuffenbach claims that these accusations are the reason for which Kentenich was investigated by Fr. Sebastiaan Tromp, Apostolic Visitator from the Holy See, in the 1950s and eventually separated from the Schoenstatt Movement during his exile from 1951-1965. The possibility of sexual or psychological abuse was strongly denied by the General Presidency of the Schoenstatt Movement. In a formal statement the movement indicated that the allegations had long been known about and the fact that Kentenich was reinstated from exile by the Vatican in 1965 was evidence that the allegations were not considered


texts: true.It was also stated that at the opening of Kentenich's process of beatification in 1975 a nihil obstat ("no obstructions") was granted by the church and that this would not have been granted if the previously known accusations were found to have any substance. The Schoenstatt Sisters of Mary also released their own formal statement, as von Teuffenbach's discovery concerned their community in particular. The Sisters emphatically rejected the accusations and said that "successive generations of our community have experienced the founder as an authentic and credible personality.” Like the statement from Schoenstatt's General Presidency, the Sisters were already aware of the allegations made against Kentenich and emphasized that when he was reinstated as the founder and returned from his exile in 1965, all accusations had already been considered by the Church and deemed insufficiently substantiated to make a formal accusation. A few days after the reports and responses, the postulator of Kentenich's cause and key representatives of Schoenstatt met with Bishop Stephan Ackermann of the Diocese of Trier. The end result was an announcement of an independent commission of historians, organized by the diocese, to review the beatification process of Kentenich, a decision that was welcomed by Fr. Juan Pablo Catoggio, international president of the Schoenstatt Movement. It will also be the task of the commission "to reconcile the newly found material with what has already been gathered and evaluated from other archives by the previous commission."At the end of their work, the commission "will write a report in which a statement will also be made about the personality and spirituality of Fr.


texts:
 Josef Kentenich as depicted in the collected documents." Reacting to the announcement, Fr. Catoggio issued a statement addressed to the “Schoenstatt Family throughout the world” on July 8, saying that “we very much welcome this decision of the bishop," since in this way "the clarification of the questions regarding the person and actions of Father Kentenich” can be found. Fr. Eduardo Aguirre, postulator for the cause of beatification of Kentenich, pointed out that Kentenich was not formally accused by the Holy Office, at that time the highest tribunal of the Church, at any time before, during, or after the exile for immoral conduct of any form, including the mention of sexual misconduct or deviance of any kind. Aguirre claims that "any assertion to the contrary is simple false."See also
 Karl Leisner
 John Pozzobon
 Franz Reinisch
 Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa
 Schoenstatt Shrine
 Pilgrim Mother Campaign

References

External links
 Official Secretariat of <mask>'s canonization campaign
 The founder: <mask>
 Heavenwards -  collection of writings of Fr. <mask> during his detention in Dachau
 Fr. Kentenich's writings downloadable at the Schoenstatt Cloud

1885 births
1968 deaths
People from Erftstadt
Dachau concentration camp survivors
German Servants of God
Pallottines
20th-century German Roman Catholic

masks:
Joseph Kentenich
Joseph Kentenich
Kentenich


texts:
<mask> "Bamm Bamm" <mask> (born September 28, 1988) is a Dutch welterweight kickboxer fighting out of Bullys gym Arnhem for Team Aerts/Afafa. He is the K-1 World MAX 2009 Europe Tournament champion currently competing in K-1 MAX. Career and biography
Kaestner idolized Peter Aerts and began training in kickboxing at the age of 10. After five years of fighting at smaller Dutch events, <mask> made his K-1 debut at the K-1 World MAX 2009 Europe Tournament in Utrecht, Netherlands on March 1, 2009, becoming the surprise winner of the competition, beating Marco Pique in the final by unanimous decision. As a result of his victory <mask> would qualify for the K-1 World MAX 2009 Final 16, losing by decision to eventual runner up Andy Souwer. <mask>'s performance against Souwer would lead to him being invited to the K-1 World MAX 2009 Final 8 as a reservist, although he would lose his bout to local fighter Yasuhiro Kido. Since that tournament <mask> has continued his progress claiming a notable win over K-1 MAX finalist Gago

masks:
Leroy
Kaestner
Leroy Kaestner
Kaestner
Kaestner
Leroy


texts:
 Drago at It's Showtime 2010 Amsterdam.Despite this recent run of good form <mask> was not re-invited back to the K-1 Max final in 2010. At the end of 2010, <mask> won his second major title by defeating Cagri Ermis to win the W.F.C.A. European title -72.5 kg. style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2009-08-08 || Win||align=left| Andy Ristie || Slamm!! Soema Na Basi IV || Paramaribo, Suriname ||Decision (unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 || 26-4-1
|-
|-  bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2009-07-13 || Loss ||align=left| Yasuhiro Kido || K-1 World MAX 2009 Final 8, Reserve Fight || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 || 25-4-1
|-
|-  bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2009-04-21 || Loss ||align=left| Andy Souwer || K-1 World MAX 2009 Final 16 || Fukuoka, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 || 25-3-1
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2009-03-01 || Win ||align=left| Marco Pique || K-1 World MAX 2009 Europe, Final || Utrecht, Netherlands || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 ||

masks: Kaestner Kaestner


texts:
John W. "<mask><mask> (April 1, 1830 – August 12, 1878) was an early pioneer in the Arizona Territory. He is commonly credited as one of the original founders of the city of Phoenix, Arizona. Swilling also played an important role in the opening of the central Arizona highlands to white settlement. His discoveries resulted in a gold rush to the region, and this in turn led to the establishment of Arizona's first territorial capital at the mining town of Prescott. <mask> was both a Confederate States Army minuteman and a civilian aid to the United States Army during the American Civil War. He worked in a variety of disciplines throughout his life, including as a teamster, prospector, mine and mill owner, and saloon and dance hall owner, as well as a canal builder, farmer, rancher, and public servant. All of this was accomplished while he suffered from periods of excruciating pain resulting from major injuries he suffered in 1854.He took morphine to assuage the pain, which led to dependency problems for the rest of his life. Life and career

Early life
John William "<mask><mask> was born on April 1, 1830, at Red House Plantation, Anderson, South Carolina, to <mask> and Margaret Farrar <mask>, the eighth of their 10 children. <mask> was the son of the plantation manager, while Margaret Farrar's father, Thomas Farrar, was the owner. (Incidentally, Thomas Farrar's mother was Judith Jefferson, the sister of Peter Jefferson and aunt to the third president, Thomas Jefferson.) Farrar's parents did not approve of the marriage, so the young couple eloped. It took three years for her parents to accept the match. In time, <mask> became owner of the plantation.When <mask> was 14, the family moved from South Carolina to Georgia. Three years later he and an older brother enlisted in a mounted battalion of Georgia volunteers for service during the Mexican–American War. After the war, the two young men returned to Georgia. <mask>ing's whereabouts are unknown for a brief

masks:
Jack
" Swilling
Swilling
Jack
" Swilling
George Swilling
Swilling
George Swilling
George Swilling
Jack Swilling
Jack Swill


texts:
 time afterwards, although he was reported in Georgia for the Christmas of 1849. The next recorded events in his life are his marriage at Wetumpka, Alabama in 1852 to Mary Jane Gray and the birth of their daughter Elizabeth a year later. Swilling wrote in 1854 that he suffered serious injuries—a broken skull and a bullet lodged in his back—in unstated circumstances. Those injuries plagued him for the rest of his life and led to a dependency on drugs and alcohol.In 1856, on his 26th birthday, something happened to cause him to leave permanently for the West. There is more than a year's break in the historical record, but <mask> apparently joined the Leach Wagon Road Company at Fort Smith, Arkansas as a teamster in the summer of 1857, probably staying with the slow-moving oxen-drawn wagon train until its arrival a year later at Mesilla, in Traditional Arizona, which was then part of the New Mexico Territory. The years between <mask>'s arrival in Arizona in 1858 and the founding of Phoenix almost a decade later were active and varied ones. After his arrival in Arizona, <mask> moved to southern California, where he joined in a gold rush near Los Angeles. A few months later he was drawn back to Arizona by the gold rush at Gila City, where he also worked for the Butterfield Overland Mail Company. Apache Wars and the American Civil War
He was elected captain of the Gila Rangers militia company that was formed to provide protection from Apache stock raids on the miners and the stage company. The Gila Rangers, with the support of warriors from the friendly Maricopa tribe, made a January 1860 expedition to the unexplored Bradshaw Mountains of central Arizona in pursuit of Apache raiders.The expedition resulted in some noteworthy discoveries: the existence of the Hassayampa River and traces of mineral riches, including gold, in an area that appeared well-suited for ranching and farming. However, the area was too remote and dangerous for settlers at the time. Soon

masks: Swilling Swilling Swilling