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 failed to attend Wimbledon, much to the disappointment of her fans. Together with Annie and some friends, she was on a sailing trip off the Scottish coast, and didn't want to return in time for Wimbledon. This was followed by a complete absence from the game in 1890.After failing to do so in 1889, Dod was determined to win Wimbledon three times in a row, starting in 1891. Although it was her only competitive appearance of that season, she won her third Wimbledon title by defeating Hillyard (6–2, 6–1) in the final of the All-Comers tournament. The reigning champion Lena Rice did not defend her title. 1892 saw Dod's first singles defeat in an open tournament since 1886 when she lost to Louisa Martin of Ireland in the second round of the Irish Championships. It was the last of only five losses in her entire tennis career and her only defeat after the age of 15. She continued the year strongly, culminating in another easy straight-set Wimbledon victory over Hillyard. Dod's last tennis season as a competitive player was 1893, and she played in just two tournaments, The Northern in Manchester and Wimbledon, winning both.On both occasions, she defeated Blanche Hillyard in three sets, despite a heavy fall in the Wimbledon final. Her record of five Wimbledon titles would not last for long, as Hillyard, after losing in the final to <mask> five times, won her sixth title in 1900. Suzanne Lenglen broke Dod's record of three consecutive singles wins by winning from 1919 to 1923. Apart from entering women's tournaments, Dod sometimes also played and won matches against men (who usually played with a handicap), and on one occasion defeated star players Ernest Renshaw and George Hillyard (the husband of Blanche) when doubling with Herbert Baddeley. Grand Slam finals

Winter sports

Although tennis would remain Dod's favourite sport, she shifted her attention to other activities


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 in the following years. In 1895, she joined her brother Tony on a trip to the winter sports resort of St. Moritz, which was very popular with English travellers. There, she passed the St. Moritz Ladies's Skating Test, the most prestigious figure skating event for women at the time.<mask> also rode the toboggan on the famous Sankt Moritz Cresta Run, and began mountaineering with her brother, climbing two mountains over 4,000 m in February 1896. After a long cycling trip in Italy, <mask> and Tony returned to England, only to come back to St Moritz in November, now accompanied by their mother and brother Willy. This time, <mask> took the St. Moritz Men's Skating Test and passed, as the second woman ever. She also competed in curling. In the summer of 1897, she and Tony again ascended several mountains, this time in Norway. Field hockey
The sport of women's field hockey was still rather young when <mask> took up the game in 1897. She was one of the founding members of a women's hockey club in Spital.Playing as a central forward, she was soon named captain of the team. Club matches in which Dod played were won, while losses happened only in her absence. By 1899, Dod had made it to captain of the Cheshire county team, and represented her club at meetings of the women's hockey association for the northern counties. She first played in the English national team on 21 March that year, winning 3–1 over Ireland. Both English goals in the 1900 England and Ireland rematch were scored by Dod, securing a 2–1 victory. Dod failed to attend the match against Wales, suffering from sciatica attacks which kept her from sporting for months. Although she had recovered by 1901, Dod would not play again in national or county matches.All members of the Dod family stopped attending sports events for a while after their mother died on 1 August 1901, and Dod apparently lost her interest in

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 field hockey during that period, although she did occasionally play for Spital Club until 1905. Golf

Few golf clubs allowed women to play around the time <mask> Dod first played golf at age fifteen. Unlike tennis, Dod found golf a difficult sport to master. By the time she got seriously interested in the sport, the Ladies Golf Union (LGU) had been founded, and women's golf had become a real sport. Dod helped establish a ladies' golf club at Moreton in 1894 and entered that year's National Championships (match play) at Littlestone (Kent). She was eliminated in the third round, but Dod's interest in the sport grew, and she became a regular competitor in the National Championships and other tournaments for the next few years. In 1898 and 1900 she reached the semi-finals of the National Championships, but was defeated narrowly both times.In 1900, she also played in an unofficial country match against Ireland, which the English won 37–18. Dod did not compete in golf in 1901, and hardly entered major tournaments in the next two years, but she did play in the 1904 British Ladies Amateur, held at Troon. She qualified for the semi-finals for the third time in her life, and won it for the first time. Her opponent in the final was May Hezlet, the champion of 1899 and 1902. The match was very close, and the two were tied after 17 holes. Hezlet missed her putt on the final hole narrowly, after which Dod grabbed an unexpected victory, becoming the first, and to date only, woman to win British tennis and golf championships. Following her victory, Dod sailed to Philadelphia, where she had been invited by Frances C. Griscom, a former American golf champion, to attend the U.S. Women's Amateur as a spectator.Upon arrival, Dod found out the tournament regulations had been changed to allow for non-Americans to compete, and she was requested to compete. Her loss in the first round


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 was a disappointment, but Dod persuaded several Americans to come and play in the British championships the following year. In the week before these 1905 championships, three international matches were planned, starting off with the first British-American international match. <mask> was the only British player to lose a match, as the United Kingdom won 6–1. Dod then played for the English team in a 3–4 defeat against Scotland and a 4–3 win over Ireland, although she lost both her matches. Dod was then eliminated in the fourth round of the National Championships. It was to be her last appearance in golf.Archery

In the autumn of 1905, <mask> and her brothers sold "Edgeworth" and moved to a new home near Newbury, Berkshire. They had been practising archery from the times before, but all three became more serious now and joined the Welford Park Archers in Newbury. As one of their ancestors was said to have commanded the English longbowmen at the Battle of Agincourt, they found this an appropriate sport. <mask> <mask> won her first tournament by 1906, and finished fifth in the Grand National Archery Meeting of 1906, 1907 and 1908. Dod's performances in the 1908 season earned her a spot on the British Olympic team. The field in the women's archery event consisted only of British women, but without the best archer of the era, Alice Legh. <mask> led the competition, held in rainy conditions, after the first day but was surpassed by Queenie Newall on the second day, eventually taking second place with 642 points to Newall's 688.Her brother Willy fared better and surprisingly secured the gold medal in the men's competition. In 1910, <mask> came close to winning the Grand National, which would have made archery the third sport in which she became a national champion. Both <mask> and her brother William led after day one, but moved down to second on the final competition

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 day. After the Welford Archers were disbanded in late 1911, the Dods' interest in archery faded, meaning the end of <mask> <mask>'s long competitive sports career. Later life
In 1913, <mask> and Willy moved to a new house in Bideford. When World War I broke out, <mask> worked for the British Red Cross from November 1916 at Chelsea VAD Hospital and in a military hospital in Speen, Berkshire. Dod wanted to be transferred to the war zones in France but was hampered by sciatica and never served as a nurse outside England.She did receive a Service Medal by the Red Cross for serving more than 1,000 hours during the war. She then lived in London and Devon, and she never failed to attend the Wimbledon Championships until she was in her late eighties. After her brother Willy died in 1954, she lived in several nursing homes on the English south coast, eventually settling at the Birchy Hill Nursing Home in Sway, Hampshire. There she died, unmarried, at age 88, passing away while listening to the Wimbledon radio broadcasts in bed. Dod was elected to the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1983. Notes

References

Sources

External links

 <mask> <mask> on database Olympics.com
 Charlotte a.k.a. <mask> <mask> on Lives of the First World War

19th-century English people
19th-century female tennis players
Amateur golfers
Archers at the 1908 Summer Olympics
English female tennis players
English female archers
English female golfers
English female field hockey players
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in women's singles
International Tennis Hall of Fame inductees
Medalists at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Olympic archers of Great Britain
Olympic medalists in archery
Olympic silver medallists for Great Britain
People from Bebington
Tennis people from Merseyside
Wimbledon champions (pre-Open Era)
Winners of ladies' major amateur golf championships
1871 births
1960 deaths
19th-century

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<mask> (born 15 December 1951) is a Scottish football player, coach and manager. He is currently a first team coach at AFC Bournemouth. A former striker, he played for Leeds United, Manchester United, and Milan, among others at club level, as well making 52 appearances and scoring 11 goals for Scotland. As a player, he gained a fearsome 'Jaws' persona due to having lost two front teeth early in his career. The persona aside, he became known as a strong, fearless and committed player, with skill to match, and good aerial abilities. He was part of the successful Leeds United team of the 1970s, winning the 1973–74 Football League First Division title. Cup success was elusive however, being a losing finalist with Leeds in the 1973 European Cup Winners' Cup Final and 1975 European Cup Final, and the 1979 FA Cup Final with Manchester United.At international level he is the only Scottish player to score in three World Cups, in 1974, 1978 and 1982. After retiring from playing, <mask> moved into coaching and management, at a number of clubs, most notably managing Heart of Midlothian in Scotland before later becoming first team coach at Portsmouth under Harry Redknapp, with whom he has since developed a close working relationship, later following him to Tottenham Hotspur. In coaching and management he is described by Redknapp and others as an enigmatic coach who bears listening to, who has lost none of his 'hard man' reputation as a player. For his efforts for club and country as a player, he was inducted into the Scottish Football Hall of Fame in 2005. He is considered a legend among the Tartan Army of Scotland fans, being best remembered for scoring the crucial goal against Czechoslovakia in 1973 which ensured Scotland qualified for their first World Cup finals in 16 years. Early life
<mask> was born in the village of Cleland, Lanarkshire (sometimes given as the nearby town of Carluke). After leaving school, <mask> became an apprentice draughtsman.At age 15, <mask> had also begun playing for the Scottish Junior

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 Football Association club, Blantyre Victoria. Club career

<mask> began his professional career in 1968 at Morton. He initially played for Morton part-time. <mask> moved to Leeds for £15,000 in 1970. Leeds United
There was little prospect of <mask> making first-team, as the partnership of Allan Clarke and Mick Jones was a well established and successful duo. In 1973, he made 16 League starts and scoring nine goals. However, he was left out of the team that contested the FA Cup final against Sunderland which Leeds lost 1–0.Don Revie would select him for the 1973 European Cup Winners' Cup Final played on 16 May against Milan, another 1–0 defeat. <mask> was a regular in the following season, as Leeds coasted to the League title. He scored seven goals in 25 League games. By 1974, <mask> was Leeds' main target man, providing many knock downs for Peter Lorimer to volley. Alongside other Scottish players at Leeds, <mask> formed part of the so called 'Scottish mafia'; namely goalkeeper David Harvey (1965–1980, 1982–1984), defender Gordon McQueen (1972–1978), midfielder Billy Bremner (1959–1976), left winger Eddie Gray (1965–1983) and right winger Peter Lorimer (1963–1979, 1983–1986). <mask> was the Leeds number 9 in the team which lost the 1975 European Cup Final 2–0 to Bayern Munich, described as the last hurrah for Revie's Leeds team. With Leeds in decline, <mask> moved to Manchester United in January 1978 for £350,000.His final league record for Leeds was 39 goals from 135 games. His Leeds and Scotland colleague Gordon McQueen soon followed. The deal set a new transfer fee record for a transfer between two English clubs. Manchester United
As the new Manchester United number 9, <mask> reached the 1979 FA Cup Final, ultimately losing 3–2 to the north London club Arsenal. During a 1980 FA Cup third round replay at Old Trafford, <mask> clashed with Tottenham goalkeeper Milija Aleksic, dislocating Alexsic's jaw. The Independent in 2011 described this as a revenge act for Aleksic having repeatedly been charging

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 <mask> during corners. It became known as the game that saw Tottenham's best player Glenn Hoddle have to play in goal.He remained at Old Trafford until 1981, when he moved to Italy to Milan. Milan
Jordan spent two seasons playing for Milan, scoring 12 goals in 52 league games. This was the 1981–82 season in the Italian top division, Serie A, and the 1982–83 season in Italian second division, Serie B. In his first season, he scored 2 goals in 22 league games, but after a bad run of results, the club was relegated to Serie B as the third last finishers in Serie A, 1-point behind Genoa. In the second season he scored 10 goals in 30 league games, and the club returned to Serie A, being promoted as Serie B champions, 8 points ahead of Lazio. In all competitions, <mask> was joint top-scorer for the club, with 6 goals alongside Roberto Antonelli in the first season, and 14 alongside Aldo Serena in the second season. On the eve of a return to the club in a Champions League game in 2011, as a coach with Tottenham, <mask> said the move to Milan, one of the biggest clubs in the world, was the best move of his career, and it gave him a chapter in it that he had always wanted, a chance to play abroad.Hellas Verona
After two seasons with Milan, instead of playing again in Serie A with them, <mask> moved to another Italian club Hellas Verona of the northern city of Verona. While Milan had been in Serie B for Jordan's last season there, Verona had finished fourth in the 1982–83 Serie A, earning a place in the UEFA Cup. The next season, both clubs finished the 1983–84 Serie A in equal sixth place. Having caught the eye of Verona for his brave, strong and combative performance in Serie B for Milan, they sought to use <mask>'s strength to play up front alongside the up and coming players Maurizio Iorio or Giuseppe Galderisi, who were fast and nimble but lacked strength, and were thought to be unable to play together, being an 'odd-couple'. From the start of the season <mask> played 24 games, 12 in the league, but only

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 scored 2 goals, 1 in the league, 1 in the Italian Cup. This poor form ultimately led Verona to drop <mask> and settle on the pairing of Iorio and Galderisi until the end of the season, with <mask> returning to England after that one season, credited at least with having passed on valuable experience to Iorio and Galderisi and other young players at the club. Later career
On his return to England, <mask> joined south coast club Southampton for a fee of £150,000.During his time at The Dell <mask> gave everything to the Saints' cause, despite being in the autumn of his career. He remained with the club until February 1987, by when he had lost his place to Colin Clarke. He was then given a free transfer to Bristol City, where he finished his playing days, and was briefly player-manager. At his retirement from playing, <mask> had made a total of 456 club appearances. In 2011, he described his three seasons in Italy as the best experience of his career. International career

On 19 May 1973, three days after appearing in the European Cup Winners Cup final for Leeds, <mask> played his first game for the Scotland national team, a 1–0 defeat to England at Wembley. In 1973, as part of the qualification campaign for the 1974 World Cup to be held in West Germany, <mask> scored with a flying header in what turned out to be a crucial winning goal, in a 2–1 win against Czechoslovakia at Hampden Park in Glasgow.Securing Scotland a place at the finals, this was the first time they had qualified for the World Cup since 1958, failing at three previous attempts. Jordan earned nine more Scotland caps by the end of the 1973–74 season, scoring two goals on the way, which saw him be selected for the finals. At the 1974 World Cup, <mask> scored the second goal in a 2–0 win over Zaire in the first group game, and a last minute equaliser in a 1–1 draw with Yugoslavia. Scotland finished the group unbeaten, but went out of the competition at the group stage on goal difference. In the second to last game of the qualification campaign

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 for the 1978 World Cup to be held in Argentina, Jordan won a controversial penalty against their opponents Wales, said to have helped Scotland to qualify at their expense. <mask> and the Welsh defender David Jones went to challenge for the ball in the Welsh penalty area, from a throw-in by Scotland midfielder Asa Hartford. The referee decided Jones had handled the ball, and awarded Scotland a penalty, although TV replays later showed that it was in fact <mask>'s hand which made contact with the ball (and also that he kissed his hand once the penalty was awarded).The penalty was converted, and the eventual 2–0 win for Scotland secured qualification by winning UEFA Group 7. He was selected by Ally MacLeod in the Scotland squad for the 1978 World Cup in Argentina. Jordan scored the opening goal in their first match against Peru, but Scotland went on to lose 3–1. Scotland again failed to qualify beyond the group stage, after a 1–1 draw with Iran and a 3–2 win against the Netherlands. <mask> was again selected for the Scotland squad in the 1982 World Cup. Scotland once again failed to progress beyond the group stages, but a personal milestone was achieved when he scored in the 2–2 draw against the USSR. This meant that <mask> had scored in three successive World Cup Finals.Unfortunately he was injured in the same match, and never played for his country again. In total, <mask> earned 52 international caps, scoring 11 goals, and is the only Scottish player to have scored in three World Cups. Coaching and management career

Bristol City
Moving into management, <mask>'s first job was at Bristol City which saw the club reach the semi-finals of the League cup. He managed the club from March 1988 to September 1990, for 134 games. During this time, he initially struggled in his first season in charge, but following a number of key signings – most notably Bob Taylor, from Leeds – he took City to promotion in the 1989–90 season, finishing second behind local rivals Bristol Rovers. Hearts
In 1990 <mask> was appointed

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 manager of the Scottish Premier Division club Heart of Midlothian, based in the capital, Edinburgh. After a poor start to the 1990 campaign, Hearts had sacked their manager of eight years Alex MacDonald, and turned to <mask> as a high profile ex-Scotland international striker.He took charge of the club from 10 September. <mask> guided Hearts to second place in the Premier Division, and to two Scottish Cup semi-finals. With 63 points from 44 games, the club finished second in the 1991–92 Scottish Premier Division, nine points behind the champions Rangers and one point ahead of third placed Celtic. Hearts led the league for a significant part of the season, losing just two of their first 28 games. In the 1991–92 Scottish Cup they were eliminated in a penalty shoot-out against Airdrieonians, after two drawn matches. In the 1992–93 Scottish Cup they lost 2–1 away to Rangers. After a poor run in the 1992–93 season, which featured a 6–0 loss to Falkirk, later described by the club as a thrashing, the board sacked <mask>.<mask> left the club on 3 May 1993, having registered 69 wins, 31 draws and 43 losses, from 143 competitive games. Speaking in 2010, <mask> expressed bitterness over his departure from Hearts, asserting he had done "particularly well" and the dismissal was undeserved, but reflecting "That's life, you get on with it, nobody's going to listen to your sad stories, but that was a sore one". Celtic
After Hearts, in 1993 <mask> became assistant manager to Liam Brady at Celtic, said to be out of an emotional attachment to the club he supported as a boy, and to Brady. Having been in the job since 1991, Brady resigned just four months after <mask> arrived, and he felt morally obliged to do the same, stating in 2010 that he felt no regrets and that "You've just got to make those calls." Stoke City
<mask> was appointed manager of Stoke City in November 1993 taking over from fellow Scot Lou Macari who had left to join Celtic. <mask> was not a popular choice amongst the supporters at the Victoria Ground as

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 it looked likely that Denis Smith was to become their manager. They eventually accepted <mask> as the new manager but his style of play soon began to cause grumblings from the terraces but the side slowly got results going if not the quality of football on offer, Stoke finishing the 1993–94 season in 10th position.The 1994–95 season saw no change in the relationship between <mask> and the supporters and it came as little surprise when after a couple of heavy 4–0 defeats he resigned on 8 September 1994. He was replaced by the returning Lou Macari. Bristol City
Returning to Bristol City for a second spell, he managed the club from November 1994 to March 1997 for another 130 games. Northern Ireland
Between 1998 and 2000, he was assistant manager to Lawrie McMenemy as they unsuccessfully tried to get Northern Ireland to qualify for the 2000 European Championships. Huddersfield Town
From December 2000 until May 2002, he was assistant to his former Manchester United team-mate Lou Macari at Huddersfield Town. Portsmouth
In 2004, after a recommendation, <mask> was brought into the coaching team at Portsmouth by manager Harry Redknapp to work alongside him and his assistant manager, Kevin Bond. Under Redknapp, <mask> went on to win the 2008 FA Cup Final with Portsmouth.They beat Cardiff City 1–0 at Wembley Stadium on 17 May. While working as a coach under Redknapp at Portsmouth, <mask> said of his career and the possibility of future management roles, with clubs or Scotland, "I'm still ambitious and I'm desperate to do well here, along with the other people...I wouldn't rule [management] out, but I'm not chasing it. I get on well with [Redknapp] and we hope that we can achieve something. I won't go chasing every job that's going, I know what I am and what I can do, but I'm not going down the route of applying for jobs." <mask> continued to coach the team under the management of Velimir Zajec and Alain Perrin. He took over as caretaker manager for two games in November 2005 after Perrin's departure, before


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 Redknapp returned after resigning from Southampton. On the morning of 26 October 2008, after agreeing a compensation deal of £5m, Redknapp left Portsmouth to become the new manager of Tottenham Hotspur.This left assistant manager Tony Adams and first team coach <mask> to take charge of the team for the 1–1 home draw against Fulham the same day. On the question of whether both would follow him, when he left Redknapp said he believed former Arsenal player Adams would not follow due to the Tottenham-Arsenal rivalry, but said "<mask> has been fantastic for me and I would always be pleased to have him with me anywhere. But he is at Portsmouth at the moment and it is up to him and the club to see what will happen in the future." On his appointment as the permanent Portsmouth manager two days later, Adams said he was keen to keep <mask>, stating "<mask> is Portsmouth through and through, he's part of the woodwork, but he's a big man and will make his own decision." Tottenham
On 7 November 2008 <mask> left Portsmouth to join Redknapp at Tottenham Hotspur as first team coach, reforming the original Portsmouth back room team after Redknapp had also brought the recently sacked AFC Bournemouth manager Kevin Bond as Tottenham assistant manager. Portsmouth praised <mask>'s "significant contribution" on his departure after four years at the club. Queens Park Rangers
In November 2012, <mask> re-united with Harry Redknapp at Queens Park Rangers as first-team coach.Middlesbrough
On 17 March 2017, <mask> was appointed as assistant first-team manager under caretaker manager Steve Agnew at Middlesbrough. <mask> left his post at the end of the 2016–17 season. AFC Bournemouth
On 25 February 2021, AFC Bournemouth announced that <mask> had joined the coaching staff. Recognition
In 2005, <mask> was one of 11 players inducted into the Scottish Football Hall of Fame. Having been born in 1951, <mask> was the second youngest of the 2005 inductees, behind the then Rangers manager Alex McLeish, born in 1959, and with the oldest being

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 and even the availability of up and coming local players, contrasted to his era with contemporaries like Asa Hartford, Kenny Dalglish and Danny McGrain. 'Jaws' persona
<mask> was nicknamed Jaws early on in his playing career, due to his lack of front teeth, which had been knocked out.This had occurred in a clash during a Leeds United reserve match. He lost two front teeth after being kicked in the face during a goalmouth scramble. Although they were replaced by dentures, these were removed for safety reasons while playing. Having moved to Milan, in Italy his 'Jaws' nickname was given a local interpretation, becoming known as Lo Squalo (The Shark). Despite the dentures, this association remained with him into management; during the craze of taking novelty inflatables to matches such as bananas etc, when <mask> was manager of Bristol City fans waved giant inflatable teeth. According to The Times writing in 2009, images of <mask>'s "ferocious fangs as a player still regularly [appeared in] Scottish newpapers [sic] whenever an excuse can be found to hark back to the game's golden age" <mask> has been involved in several confrontations at the touchline and in the tunnel during his time at Tottenham, including with Roy Hodgson, Paul Ince, Alan Pardew, Andy Woodman, and Gennaro Gattuso. <mask> persona, stating "I was what I was, but I look back and I had seven years at Leeds, who were one of the top teams in Europe, then I got a transfer to Manchester United, then a transfer to AC Milan.These are top clubs, and I had opportunities to go to Liverpool, Arsenal, Ajax. I'm not saying that to brag; if those teams thought I had something to offer, it was more than having no teeth." Playing and management style
As one of the nominees for a public vote organised in April 2010 by STV to name 'Scotland's Greatest Team', <mask> was described as an "uncompromising, old fashioned centre forward who was never afraid to put his head where it hurts for club and country", adding that during the 1970s and 1980s "there were few

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 more fearsome sights in world football" than <mask>. In a 2007 list compiled by The Times <mask> was ranked as the 34th hardest man in the history of the game, with the citation "There have been few more fearsome sights in the European game than 'Jaws' <mask> without his front teeth." David O'Leary, when reflecting on his entire playing career as a defender (spent mostly at Arsenal between 1975 and 1993) he said of <mask> that he was the most combative forward he had ever faced. He has also been described as a powerhouse in aerial play. Citing his dislocation of Milija Aleksic's jaw in 1980 as an example, The Independent described in 2011 how <mask> was a player who "did not stand for nonsense on the pitch".According to The Herald writing in 2010, alongside his strong play, which due to the way the game was played at that time was almost a necessity if forwards wanted to succeed, <mask> also had a refinement to his game. Following the clash with Gattuso, playing on his hardman reputation, The Independent listed the "Five reasons not to mess with <mask>". Redknapp has said of <mask> as a coach that "You could put your life on him... He is quiet, but when he says something, it is worth listening to." In coaching, <mask> is described by The Herald as still having the presence and natural authority he had as a player, and of having an enigmatic solemnity about him. In the same interview, while living in Bristol, <mask> was described as having the intensified Scottish patriotism of an exile, who was willing to seize the opportunity to manage the Scottish national team since 2002. Personal life
<mask> has two sons who have both played professional football: Tom and Andy (who retired due to injury after leaving Hartlepool United).One of his two daughters lives and works in Italy. He has an interest in fine wines, picked up from his time playing in Italy. <mask> supported Celtic as a boy. As of March 2010, <mask> lived with his family in Bristol. Career statistics

Club
Sourced from

A. The "Other" column

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 constitutes appearances and goals in the European Cup, FA Charity Shield, Football League Trophy, Football League play-offs, Full Members Cup, Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, Screen Sport Super Cup, UEFA Cup and UEFA Cup Winners' Cup. International appearances

International goals
Scores and results list Scotland's goal tally first.Managerial record

Honours
Leeds United
European Cup runners-up: 1975
European Cup Winners' Cup runners-up: 1973
Football League First Division champions: 1973–74
Football League First Division runners-up: 1970–71, 1971–72
FA Charity Shield runners-up: 1974

Manchester United
FA Cup runners-up: 1979

Milan
Serie B winners: 1982–83
Mitropa Cup winners: 1982

Bristol City
Football League Trophy runners-up: 1987

Individual
Scottish Football Hall of Fame, 2005 inductee
Scotland national football team roll of honour: 1982

References

External links

Manchester United career summary
Manchester United career summary

1951 births
Living people
People from Cleland, North Lanarkshire
Scottish footballers
Scotland international footballers
Association football forwards
Blantyre Victoria F.C. players
Greenock Morton F.C. players
Leeds United F.C. players
Manchester United F.C. players
A.C. Milan players
Southampton F.C. players
Bristol City F.C. players
Scottish football managers
Bristol City F.C.managers
Heart of Midlothian F.C. managers
Stoke City F.C. managers
Portsmouth F.C. managers
Premier League managers
Serie A players
Serie B players
English Football League players
Scottish expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Italy
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. non-playing staff
Middlesbrough F.C. non-playing staff
1974 FIFA World Cup players
1978 FIFA World Cup players
1982 FIFA World Cup players
Scottish Football Hall of Fame inductees
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. non-playing staff
English Football League managers
Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism
Celtic F.C.non-playing staff
Sportspeople from North Lanarkshire
Scotland under-23 international footballers
Scottish Football League


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<mask> (born 18 December 1951) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). Since 31 August 2010 he has been Minister President of the German state of Hessen. From 1 November 2014 until 31 October 2015 he was President of the Bundesrat and ex officio deputy to the President of Germany. He has been chairman of CDU in Hesse since July 2010. From 1999 to 2010, he was minister of interior and sports in the state of Hessen. <mask> is a lawyer by profession. Because of his participation in state government, he is the longest serving Member of the Bundesrat, representing Hessen since 1999.Early life and career
Bouffier grew up in Giessen. His father <mask> (1920–1999) was a lawyer and CDU local politician in Giessen; his grandfather Robert Ferdinand <mask> (1883–1971) moved from Strasbourg to Giessen in 1906, where he later became a CDU politician. His paternal family is of French Huguenot ancestry. He studied law at the University of Giessen and completed his studies in 1977. From 1975 to 1978 he was a research assistant in public law at the University of Giessen, and in 1978 he was called to the bar. He practiced law for many years in addition to his political activities and is currently an inactive partner in the law firm Bouffier & Wolf. Political career
<mask> was leader of the Hessian Young Union, the youth organisation of the CDU, from 1978 to 1984.<mask> was first elected to the Parliament of the State of Hesse in 1982. He served as State Minister of the Interior and Sports in the government of Minister-President Roland Koch from 1999 to 2010. When Koch announced his withdrawal from the political scene and resigned in August 2010, he nominated Bouffier as his successor to lead the center-right CDU-FDP government that was formed after

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Bouffier
Robert Bouffier
August Bouffier
Bouffier
Bouffier


texts: the 2009 state elections. In the negotiations to form a coalition government of the Christian Democrats (CDU together with the Bavarian CSU) and the Free Democratic Party (FDP) following the 2009 federal elections, Bouffier was part of the CDU/CSU delegation in the working group on internal and legal affairs, led by Wolfgang Schäuble and Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger. In 2010, <mask> was elected vice chairman of the CDU and has since been serving in the party's national leadership under successive chairwomen Angela Merkel (2012-2018) and Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer (since 2018). On 7 June 2011, he was among the guests invited to the state dinner hosted by President Barack Obama in honor of Chancellor Angela Merkel at the White House. Under <mask>'s leadership, Hesse joined forces with Bavaria in early 2013 to launch a constitutional challenge to the Germany's system of tax transfers in order to stop subsidising spending in the city of Berlin, the national capital, and all the poorer states.At the time, Hesse was the third largest net contributor, with an annual transfer of almost €1.3 billion. On 8 February 2013, Bouffier agreed to the proposal of the President Joachim Gauck to hold the state elections on the same day as Germany's federal elections. When the official result gave no major parties and their traditional coalition partners a clear majority in the parliament, Bouffier decided to break ranks with the rest of Chancellor Angela Merkel's conservative party and seek a coalition government with the Greens rather than the Social Democrats (SPD). He thereby created only the second CDU-Green coalition to govern a German state, after the previous government of Hamburg. On the federal level, he was part of the 15-member leadership circle chaired by

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 Merkel, Horst Seehofer and Sigmar Gabriel in the negotiations to form a coalition government. As one of the state's representatives at the Bundesrat, Germany's upper house of parliament, <mask> is a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Defence. In October 2015, while he held the rotating presidency of the Bundesrat, he hosted the three-day festivities for the 25th anniversary of the reunification of the former East and West German states.On 25 February 2022, <mask> announced his resignation from the post of minister-president which will become effective on 31 May. Instead, he publicly endorsed Armin Laschet's candidacy. Controversy
German politicians from across the political spectrum criticized Deutsche Bank co-CEO Jürgen Fitschen in December 2012 following reports he had telephoned <mask> to complain about a raid on the bank's Twin Towers in Frankfurt – even though <mask>'s office was not directly responsible for overseeing the action. During the trial of Beate Zschäpe for the NSU murders, the BfV agent Andreas Temme who was at the scene of one of the murders, yet claimed not to have noticed it, was accused by the prosecution of having sympathies towards Neo-Nazism himself, thus casting doubt on his testimony. <mask>, then interior minister of Hesse, shielded Temme from further investigations, citing protection of undercover agents. Personal life
Bouffier is married to his wife Ursula, a former radiology assistant. In early 2019, he underwent treatment for skin cancer.References

1951 births
Living people
People from Giessen
German Lutherans
Presidents of the German Bundesrat
Christian Democratic Union of Germany politicians
Members of the Landtag of Hesse
Ministers-President of Hesse
Ministers of the Hesse State

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<mask> (born 3 October 1959) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Richmond Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). Affectionately known as 'The Flea', Weightman was recognized as one of the finest rovers of his era, with his aggression, courage, evasive skills and constructive handpassing being key features of his play. He experienced success at the beginning of his playing career, but won respect at Richmond for staying loyal to the club during their crisis period in the late 1980s. He also represented Victoria with distinction in interstate matches. Weightman's achievements in the game for both club and state were recognized when he was named in Richmond's Team of the Century and Hall of Fame, and in 2001 as a member of the Australian Football Hall of Fame. Early Years
Weightman is one of six children born to Brian "Reggie" <mask> and his first wife Maureen, and has three brothers and two sisters. Brian (who died in 2020) was a local sporting icon, excelling in Australian rules football and cricket.He played 289 games with the Mildura Imperials in the Sunraysia Football League, winning six club best and fairests and playing in four premierships. He later coached various junior football teams and was recognized for his service to various local sporting associations with life membership. Weightman would follow in his father's footsteps at the Imperials, playing for the junior teams and winning competition best and fairest awards at under 15 and under 17 level, as well as three consecutive premierships. At this time, the north west of Victoria was zoned exclusively to Richmond. The Tigers relocated Weightman to Melbourne in 1977, when he was 17. He enrolled at Melbourne High School and played for the school team, which won the schoolboy "Herald Shield". These matches were played as curtain raisers to the VFL's Tuesday night series games.Weightman first came under notice in this series. Meanwhile, on

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 Saturdays, he turned out for the Tigers' under 19 side, and played as first rover in the team's victory against Fitzroy in the Grand Final. Senior Football Career
Weightman was selected for his senior debut in the opening round of 1978 against arch-rivals  at the MCG, along with John Einsiedel and Greg Strachan, who had been a premiership teammate of Weightman the previous season and would also be part of the senior premiership side two years later. Weightman was named in the forward pocket as second rover to club champion Kevin Bartlett, and joined a special group of VFL/AFL players to score a goal with their first kick. He would kick three for the afternoon and gather 12 disposals in a 77-point victory, impressing with his pace and ball use. However, he quickly found himself back in the reserves when the team's fortune slumped. This was the pattern for his first two seasons  before his career turned around in 1980.After several years in the wilderness, Richmond returned to form due to the improvement of a number of young players such as Weightman. He was now sharing the roving duties with West Australian Robert Wiley. The Tigers stormed through the home-and-away season, winning 11 consecutive games from Round 4 to 14 and missing out on the minor premiership only after losing to  in the final round. Richmond would finish third on the ladder, with the highest total points aggregate (their 2,754 points falling just shy of the record set by Carlton the previous season) and also the best percentage. The third-placed finish meant they would have to face  in the Qualifying final at VFL Park. In a game significant for Kevin Bartlett breaking the then VFL games record and a quarter-time confrontation between coaches Peter Jones and Tony Jewell, Weightman gathered 21 disposals and kicked four goals to be among the Tigers' best players in a 42-point win. Weightman was named starting rover in the 1980 Grand Final, and kicked the first goal of


texts: the game at the 5-minute mark after making position in open space up the ground to mark a pass from Jim Jess, then playing on and steering his shot through from a slight angle.He ended the game with 20 disposals (14 of them handpasses) and was rated among Richmond's best players on the day. In the post season, he won Victorian selection for the first time. However, in a sign of the decade that was to come, Richmond were unable to repeat their success in 1981. They spent much of the season hovering between fifth and seventh position on the ladder, and needed to beat arch-rivals Carlton in the final home-and-away round to have any chance of snatching fifth spot from Fitzroy. In a low-scoring game at the MCG, Carlton emerged victorious by 27 points and the Tigers ended the season in seventh position. One of the rare highlights of the season was the Round 12 win against  at VFL Park, which was club champion Francis Bourke's 300th game. Five minutes into the last quarter, Jewell sprang a surprise move by dragging Michael Roach and replacing him at full forward with Jim Jess.Down 22 points at this stage, the Tigers then kicked nine goals to run out 15-point winners. Weightman was among Richmond's best players that day; he and fellow small man Robert Wiley combined for 69 disposals – Weightman was credited with 36 of those (which included 24 handpasses) and kicked three goals. Francis Bourke took over from Jewell as coach and Richmond finished the season on top of the ladder. Weightman played well in the losing 1982 VFL Grand Final against Carlton. 1983 began in tumultuous fashion when champion centreman Geoff Raines demanded a clearance. The Tigers lost their first five games and would never recover, spending much of the year in second-last position and eventually finishing tenth only after beating  at the SCG in Round 21. Former premiership ruckman Mike Patterson was appointed Bourke's replacement but would only last for one season.The


texts: Tigers improved on their previous season's form, finishing eighth with ten wins, but the bitter ongoing recruiting war with  continued to hurt the club financially. In the Round 16 loss to  at VFL Park, Weightman was one of Richmond's best with 22 disposals and three goals, but was reported by field umpire David Howlett for allegedly striking Russell Greene with the right elbow to the head in the first quarter. He pleaded not guilty at the VFL tribunal hearing, but was suspended for two matches. 1991 was another disappointing season for Richmond. However, there were a few bright moments. In the Round 8 match, later dubbed the 'Mother's Day Massacre', Richmond caused one of the upsets of the season against the reigning premiers . After it appeared the Magpies were headed for victory, kicking seven goals in the first quarter to lead by 16 points, the Tigers then kicked 20 goals to 8 to run out 57-point winners.Jeff Hogg kicked a career-best ten goals, and Weightman played a captain's game, combining with Craig Lambert and Matthew Knights to set up many scoring chances; he was credited with 33 disposals (18 kicks, 15 handpasses) and also kicked two goals. 1993 began promisingly for Richmond, with former player John Northey returning as coach after taking  to five finals series, and Jeff Hogg appointed as new captain. The Tigers qualified for the 1993 Foster's Cup Grand Final but lost to . It would turn out to be a false dawn, and after losing to  by 94 points in the opening round, Richmond would finish the season second-last with four wins. In the Round 13 match against  at the MCG, Weightman was reported by emergency umpire Coates for allegedly striking Paul Williams with a left forearm to the head in the final quarter. He pleaded guilty at the Tribunal hearing and was suspended for three weeks. There had been talk of Weightman retiring if the suspension had been lengthy, but at the tribunal press conference he vowed to continue aiming


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 to reach 300 games.Weightman represented the Australian state of Victoria, and was state captain in 1987 and 1988 v Western Australia, and against New South Wales in 1990. Overall, he played a total of 20 State of Origin games. It was said he played some of his best football for the State and was one of those rare players - the better the standard the better he would play. His other honours include winning the 1985 Tassie Medal for best player in the State of Origin series and the 1985 Simpson Medal for best player in the Western Australia v Victoria match played in Perth. Life After Retirement
Weightman is a type 1 diabetic, however this has not stopped him from being active, and in 2005, Weightman continued to have an impact in the EJ Whitten Legends Game at the Telstra Dome with competitors that were mostly around five or six years his junior. He also participated in the 2006 match. Weightman continues to be a regular face at the Richmond Football Club, and has been one of the Richmond runners on match day on and off for the past few years.In January 2017, it was reported that Weightman had collapsed due to a drop in his blood sugar level and fractured his left ankle during an early morning round of golf in Mildura. He had emergency surgery to remove some bone and insert screws into the ankle before spending a further 7 weeks in a moon boot. References

Bibliography
 Hogan P: The Tigers Of Old, Richmond FC, Melbourne 1996

External links

AFL Hall of Fame - Players

Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Richmond Football Club players
Richmond Football Club Premiership players
South Launceston Football Club players
All-Australians (1953–1988)
Australian Football Hall of Fame inductees
Victorian State of Origin players
Jack Dyer Medal winners
1959 births
Living people
People educated at Melbourne High School
E. J. Whitten Medal winners
Australia international rules football team players
One-time VFL/AFL Premiership


texts: <mask> (née Culver; born July 1, 1970) is an American politician and former military officer serving as the junior United States senator for Iowa, a seat she has held since 2015. A member of the Republican Party, she served in the Iowa State Senate from 2011 to 2014 and as auditor of Montgomery County from 2004 to 2008. After graduating from Iowa State University, <mask> joined the United States Army Reserve. She served in the Iowa Army National Guard from 1993 to 2015, retiring as a lieutenant colonel. During the Iraq War, she served as the commanding officer of the 185th Combat Sustainment Support Battalion at Camp Dodge, the Iowa Army National Guard's largest battalion. <mask> also holds a Master of Public Administration from Columbus State University. In 2004, <mask> was elected Montgomery County Auditor.She was reelected in 2008. In 2011, <mask> was elected to the Iowa State Senate in a special election and reelected in 2012. She represented District 12, in southwestern Iowa. <mask> ran for the United States Senate in 2014 and won, succeeding longtime Democratic Senator Tom Harkin and becoming the first Republican to win that seat since 1978. Having been strongly critical of President Barack Obama, she has been characterized as a reliable ally of President Donald Trump, and was thought to be a possible running mate in his 2016 campaign. <mask> was elected vice chair of the Senate Republican Conference in November 2018. She was reelected in 2020, defeating Democratic nominee Theresa Greenfield by 6.6 points.<mask> opposes legalized abortion, and has supported a fetal personhood amendment and introduced legislation to defund Planned Parenthood. She opposes the Affordable Care Act and has called for reforms to Medicare, Medicaid, and

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Ernst
Ernst
Ernst
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 Social Security. During the Trump administration, she expressed concern about, although not opposition to, Trump's trade war with China and criticized some aspects of his foreign policy. <mask> voted for the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. While supporting both Trump's nominees for EPA administrator, she expressed concern over their commitment to the Renewable Fuel Standard. She rejects the scientific consensus on climate change. <mask> has opposed a federal minimum wage and advocated for the elimination of federal departments such as the Internal Revenue Service, Department of Education and the Environmental Protection Agency.Early life and career
<mask> was born <mask> Kay Culver in Montgomery County, Iowa, the daughter of Marilyn and Richard Culver. She was valedictorian of her class at Stanton Community School District High School. She earned a bachelor's degree in psychology from Iowa State University in 1992, and a Master of Public Administration degree from Columbus State University in 1995. In college, she took part in an agricultural exchange to the Soviet Union. Military career
<mask> joined Iowa State University's ROTC program at age 20 and the United States Army Reserve after graduating. She served as a logistics officer and attained the rank of lieutenant colonel in the Iowa National Guard. In 2003–2004, she spent 12 months in Kuwait as the company commander of the 1168th Transportation Company, during the Iraq War.Near the end of her career, she served as the commanding officer of the 185th Combat Sustainment Support Battalion at Camp Dodge, the Iowa Army National Guard's largest battalion. Upon her retirement from the military in 2015, <mask> had served 23 years in the Army Reserve and the Army National Guard. In an interview

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 with Time Magazine in 2014, <mask> said that she was sexually harassed in the military, saying, "I had comments, passes, things like that" that she was able to stop, and said she would support removing sexual assault cases from the chain of command. Iowa politics
<mask> was elected Montgomery County Auditor in 2004 and reelected in 2008. She was elected to the Iowa State Senate in a special election in 2011 and reelected in 2012. She represented District 12, in southwestern Iowa. Following her election to the U.S. Senate, <mask> resigned from the Iowa State Senate, effective November 28, 2014.U.S. Senate

Elections

2014

In July 2013, <mask> announced that she would seek the Senate seat held by retiring Democratic Senator Tom Harkin. Iowa Lieutenant Governor Kim Reynolds endorsed her in October 2013. In March 2014, <mask> was endorsed by former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney and former Alaska Governor Sarah Palin, to whom she has drawn comparisons. In May 2014, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, a lobbying group, endorsed her. Little known at the start of her campaign, <mask> was boosted in the Republican primary by the Koch brothers with "hundreds of thousands of dollars' worth of television ads [...] and tens of thousands of dollars in direct campaign contributions". A Koch-backed group launched an "advertising blitz", including a $257,000 campaign against <mask>'s biggest Republican rival, Mark Jacobs, who had supported a proposal to limit carbon emissions that Koch Industries opposed. <mask> privately credited the Kochs and their allies for having "really started my trajectory" after her primary victory.<mask> received widespread attention for a campaign advertisement she released in March 2014, in which she made a tongue-in-cheek

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texts: comparison between her experience castrating pigs and her ability to "cut pork" in Congress. Many found the ad humorous, and it was spoofed by late-night comedians, including Jimmy Fallon and Stephen Colbert. Before the ad aired, <mask> had struggled to raise money, and two polls of the Republican primary taken in February 2014 had shown her in second place, several points behind Mark Jacobs. After it aired, a Suffolk University poll in early April showed her with a narrow lead and a Loras College poll showed her essentially tied with Jacobs. By May, she was being described in the media as the "strong front-runner". During the primary, <mask> promoted a conspiracy theory that a United Nations sustainable development plan, Agenda 21, could lead to farmers being forced off their land and made to live in cities, but a few months later she said she did not consider the plan a “threat”. In a May 2014 Des Moines Register interview, <mask> said she was "extremely offended" by comments Jacobs made characterizing her as AWOL due to missing over 100 votes in the legislative session.Previously, in The Gazette, <mask> cited her National Guard duty to rebuff criticism about her missing votes, but The Gazette found that only 12 of the 117 missed votes came on days when she was on duty. The other 105 missed votes represented 57% of the Iowa Senate votes that session. <mask>'s spokesman said she had a better than 90% voting record during her Senate career and that she had never claimed Guard service was the only reason she had missed votes. In July, <mask> delivered the Republican Party's weekly address, criticizing a health care scandal at the Department of Veterans Affairs and calling for a balanced budget and reform of Social Security and Medicare.

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 Later that month, she suspended her campaign while participating in two weeks of National Guard duty. In endorsing her for the Republican primary nomination, the Des Moines Register wrote: "<mask> is a smart, well-prepared candidate who can wrestle with the details of public policy from a conservative perspective without seeming inflexible." On October 23, <mask> canceled a scheduled meeting with the Des Moines Register'''s editorial board, citing the paper's negative editorials about her.The editorial board ultimately endorsed Braley, citing <mask>'s calls to abolish the EPA, the Department of Education, and the federal minimum wage, as well as her support for partially privatizing Social Security and overturning the Affordable Care Act. In the 2014 election, <mask> received $17,552,085 in "dark money", which constituted 74% of non-party outside spending in her support; she had a $14 million outside spending advantage over her opponent. In an October 2014 debate, <mask> said she “believe[s] in political free speech” and did not see a need to change campaign finance laws. <mask> won the 2014 Senate race, 52.2% to 43.7%. She is the first woman elected to represent Iowa in either house of Congress. 2020

<mask> ran for reelection in 2020. She was unopposed in the Republican primary and faced Democratic nominee Theresa Greenfield, a businesswoman and former congressional candidate, in the general election.<mask> was seen as the strong favorite and eventually defeated her opponent, 52%-45%. In December 2019, the Associated Press reported that <mask>'s campaign had closely coordinated with a political nonprofit founded by a longtime consultant; such groups are tax-exempt and not required to disclose donors, but cannot make political


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 campaigning their primary purpose and must separate their activities from candidates they support. An <mask> campaign adviser said that any implication they had acted outside the "spirit of the law" was "fake news". After the article's publication, the nonpartisan Campaign Legal Center filed a complaint with the Federal Election Commission. Tenure

<mask> was sworn into the United States Senate on January 3, 2015 and thus became Iowa's first new U.S. senator since Tom Harkin in 1985. She delivered the official Republican response to the State of the Union on January 20.Kim, Seung Min (January 20, 2015) – "<mask> <mask>'s Response: Congress Is 'Back to Work'". POLITICO.Retrieved January 21, 2015. In May 2016, Chris Cilizza put <mask> on his short list of possible vice presidential running mates for Donald Trump to become the 45th President of the United States. Other media outlets also mentioned her as a possible benefit to Trump's campaign. On June 16, <mask> said no one had "reached out" to her and that she was content with this. On July 4, she and Trump met privately. Trump selected Governor Mike Pence of Indiana on July 15. In 2016, <mask> and other Republican senators introduced "Sarah's Law" in honor of Sarah Root, a 21-year-old student in Omaha who was killed in a street racing crash earlier that year.In 2017, <mask> asked Secretary of Defense nominee James Mattis whether he would pledge to cut wasteful spending and stop sexual assault in the military, to which Mattis agreed. In March, after photographs of nude female soldiers were posted on Facebook, <mask> said that this "type of activity creates a culture that leads to sexual assault." At a press conference two weeks later, she asked Congress to pass a law requiring people to

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texts: immediately report suspected sexual assault at government facilities. <mask> was elected vice chair of the Senate Republican Conference in November 2018. On the initiation of the 116th United States Congress in 2019, <mask> became the first female Republican to be appointed to the Senate Judiciary Committee, along with Marsha Blackburn. In March 2019, after the Special Counsel Investigation concluded and Attorney General William Barr released an abridged summary of Special Counsel Robert Mueller's report, <mask> called for a release of the report's full findings, saying, "as much of the report that can be made public should be". In August 2020, when Iowa had the most new COVID-19 infections per capita of any state in the preceding seven days, <mask> repeated a debunked conspiracy theory that the case numbers were greatly inflated and that health care providers might be falsifying them.She later walked back her statements. After Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg's death in September 2020, <mask> said she supported Trump nominating a new justice before the November presidential election. Eight months before the 2016 presidential election, <mask> opposed Senate consideration of Obama's Supreme Court nominee, saying "the American people deserve to have a say" on a decision that would "impact the course of our country for years to come". In 2018, <mask> reiterated that Supreme Court nominees should not be heard during presidential election years, telling the Des Moines Register, "It's precedent set. ... So come 2020, if there's an opening, I'm sure you'll remind me of that." <mask> was participating in the certification of the 2021 United States Electoral College vote count when Trump supporters stormed the U.S. Capitol.She called the storming "a

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 protest turned anarchy" and, citing that she served in the military to defend the right to peacefully protest, "a complete betrayal of those sacred ideals." When Congress returned to the certification process, <mask> voted to support certification. She opposes impeaching Trump for the attack on the Capitol, choosing to support a peaceful transfer of power and "healing our nation." In response, The Gazette editorial board wrote that <mask> and Grassley "must reckon with why they did the wrong thing for so long" regarding their support of Trump during his presidency. in a September 2021 Fox News interview, <mask> accused President Joe Biden of overstepping presidential powers and "leading by coercion" with the newly announced "Path Out of the Pandemic" initiative, aimed at mitigating the rising threat of the COVID-19 Delta variant. "Forcing these federal mandates was one way to divert us", she said. "This is a diversion away from 9/11, away from the 20th anniversary and away from the debacle that was his Afghanistan withdrawal".The previous week, Biden had signed an executive order declassifying 9/11 documents that the victims' families had requested for many years; his agenda on September 11, 2021, included visits to three 9/11 crash sites in New York, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Committee assignments

 Committee on Armed Services
 Committee on Environment and Public Works
 Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry
 Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship

 Caucus memberships

 Republican Main Street Partnership

 Political positions
In 2019, Politico called <mask> "a reliable vote for most of Trump's agenda", and as of October 2020, she had voted in line with Donald Trump's positions 91.1% of the time. The American

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 Conservative Union's Center for Legislative Accountability gives <mask> a lifetime conservative score of 81.69. The politically liberal Americans for Democratic Action gave <mask> a score of zero for 2019. Abortion
<mask> opposes legalized abortion. In 2013, she voted for a fetal personhood amendment in the Iowa Senate and has said that she would support a federal personhood bill. Critics, such as the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, have expressed concern that such an amendment could restrict abortion even in cases of rape or incest, as well as certain forms of birth control, although <mask> has affirmed that she supports access to birth control.In January 2020, she petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court to reconsider Roe v. Wade, the landmark ruling that abortion bans are unconstitutional. In 2017, <mask> introduced legislation allowing states to block Planned Parenthood from receiving Title X grants or reimbursements for treating Medicaid patients, although Planned Parenthood clinics provide multiple family planning services and the funding does not go to abortions except in rare circumstances. Barack Obama
In 2014, when asked about President Barack Obama's recess appointments, <mask> called Obama a "dictator" who should be "removed from office" or face "impeachment." She said, "He is running amok. He is not following our Constitution." Later in 2014, <mask> criticized Obama's handling of the Ebola outbreak. Donald Trump
In 2020, <mask> voted to acquit Trump on both articles of impeachment (abuse of power and obstruction of Congress).She argued that Trump had learned his lesson, and that he would not ask a foreign leader to investigate his rivals again without going through the proper channels. At the same time, she


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 suggested that Joe Biden could be impeached if he becomes president over his actions in Ukraine; there is no evidence of wrongdoing by Biden in regard to Ukraine. In May 2020, <mask> praised Trump's response to the COVID-19 pandemic, saying, "he was right on it from day one". On May 28, 2021, <mask> voted against creating an independent commission to investigate the 2021 United States Capitol attack. Economic policy
<mask> opposes a federal minimum wage and has said that states should have sole authority to set their minimum wages. She voted against a minimum wage increase in the state Senate. In response to a Congressional Budget Office report projecting that increasing the minimum wage to $10.10 per hour would lift 900,000 people out of poverty but cost 500,000 people their jobs, <mask> said, "government-mandated wage increases are not the solution."<mask> has proposed eliminating the Internal Revenue Service. In the state Senate, she worked on legislation that reduced property taxes. In 2014, she said she supports a "fairer, flatter, and simpler" federal tax code, a reduction in discretionary spending and spending on social programs, and a constitutional amendment requiring a balanced federal budget. In 2017, she voted for the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. <mask> has expressed support for the partial privatization of Social Security accounts for young workers while making clear that "we have to keep our promises to seniors". In May 2018, <mask> was one of nine Republican senators to introduce a rescission package meant to fulfill Trump's wish to curb previously approved spending by $15.4 billion as part of an attempt to roll out the legislation to ensure it reached the Senate floor within a 45-day window. Education
<mask> supports


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 eliminating the U.S. Department of Education, saying she "believe[s] our children are better educated when it's coming from the state."While states handle almost all education policy decisions, the Department of Education conducts nationwide research, monitors for discrimination, and distributes student financial aid through loans and grants. In 2014, <mask> claimed, inaccurately, that 94% of employees at the Department of Education had been deemed “nonessential” and argued funding would be better spent at the state and local level. PolitiFact calculated that hypothetically reassigning all employees to non-federal positions would increase state and local education staffing by “4/100ths of 1 percent”. In February 2017, <mask> voted to confirm Betsy DeVos as Education Secretary, saying they shared a belief that those "closest" to students know what is best for them. Environment
<mask> rejects the scientific consensus on climate change and has said that any governmental regulation to address it should be "very small." In a 2014 debate, she said, "I don't know the science behind climate change. I can't say one way or another what is the direct impact from whether it's manmade or not."In 2018, after the release of the Fourth National Climate Assessment, detailing the impact of climate change, <mask> said that "our climate always changes and we see those ebb and flows through time". In her 2014 Senate campaign, <mask> won support from the Koch brothers and affiliated groups, who helped propel her ahead of a primary opponent who backed a proposal to limit carbon emissions. In 2014, she said she is "adamantly opposed" to cap-and-trade, a market-based approach to reducing carbon emissions. She supported Trump's 2017 decision to withdraw from the

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 Paris climate accords. <mask> has called for eliminating the Environmental Protection Agency. In 2014, she criticized the impact of the Clean Water Act on farms and businesses and said she would have voted against the 2014 U.S. Farm Bill. After voting to confirm Trump nominee Scott Pruitt as Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, <mask> said in 2018 that he had lied to her about upholding the Renewable Fuel Standard, which mandates a minimum proportion of ethanol that must be mixed with fuel, while calling Pruitt "about as swampy as you get".In February 2019, <mask> voted to confirm Trump's new nominee for EPA administrator, Andrew Wheeler. In June 2019, she said she had asked Trump and Wheeler to limit the issuing of RFS waivers, saying they were being handed out "like candy" without congressional oversight. As of September 2020, <mask> has a 1% lifetime score from the environmentalist League of Conservation Voters. Foreign policy

Iran
<mask> opposed the Iran deal negotiated by the Obama administration. In January 2020, she expressed support for the US military's assassination of Iranian major general Qasem Soleimani by drone strike at Baghdad International Airport. Iraq
Of the Iraq War and weapons of mass destruction, she said, "We don't know that there were weapons on the ground when we went in. However, I do have reason to believe there were weapons of mass destruction in Iraq.That was the intelligence that was operated on. I have reason to believe there was weapons of mass destruction. My husband served in Saudi Arabia as an Army Central Command sergeant major for a year and that's a hot-button topic in that area." After criticism from Iowa Democrats and some commentators, <mask> then issued a statement that she had


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 not meant to suggest that Iraq had WMD at the time of invasion, but rather that Iraq had used WMDs in the past, and that her point was that "we don't know exactly what happened to those weapons." When asked whether she supports the limited airstrikes conducted in Iraq in August 2014, <mask> said, "What I can say is what I would have supported is leaving additional troops in Iraq longer and perhaps we wouldn't have this situation today." Korean conflict
In June 2018, <mask> questioned Trump's decision to suspend joint military exercises with South Korea. In July, she advocated that the United States continue the exercises in case talks between the US and North Korea did not continue.Russia
In 2017, <mask> called Russia's behavior, including its annexation of Crimea and interference in U.S. elections, "totally unacceptable" and said Trump should "show strength against Vladimir Putin". The next year, she urged caution if the U.S. worked with Russia to "put a lid on Iran", saying that Russia would never be "a true friend or ally" to the U.S. She cited North Korea as another case where caution should be maintained when cooperating to make the world "a safer place". After the 2018 Russia-United States summit later that month, <mask> expressed hope that Trump had "delivered a strong message" that Russia would be punished for its annexation of Ukraine, support of Bashar al-Assad, and "aggressive actions in U.S. domestic policy", and that Trump had discussed Russia's actions in the Balkans. Syrian civil war
In 2015, <mask> said the U.S. should halt the admission of Syrian refugees, saying the United States needs a "thorough vetting process". In 2018, after missile strikes against Syria, <mask> said that she would be "uncomfortable" if Trump


texts:
 wanted to commit more American troops there, saying it was secondary to fighting ISIS. After Trump announced the withdrawal of troops from Syria, <mask> al Assad, Iran, and Russia." In 2019, <mask> was one of six senators to sign a bipartisan letter to Trump calling on him to "urge Turkey to end their offensive and find a way to a peaceful resolution while supporting our Kurdish partners to ensure regional stability" and arguing that leaving Syria without installing protections for American allies endangered both them and the US.Yemen
In March 2018, <mask> voted to table a resolution spearheaded by Bernie Sanders, Chris Murphy, and Mike Lee that would have required Trump to withdraw American troops either in or influencing Yemen within the next 30 days unless they were combating Al-Qaeda. In November 2018, following the murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, <mask> stated that Saudi Arabia was "great strategic partner" but that Congress should consider a legislative response due to the commitment of the United States to human rights and the rule of law. She added that Trump should become involved "if there are indicators coming from those intelligence agencies". In December, <mask> warned that a resolution withdrawing American support for the Saudi Arabia-led intervention in Yemen could complicate peace talks in Yemen and that, although Saudi Arabia should be punished for Khashoggi's death, "those consequences are I see as right now are separate from the discussion of the Saudis and their actions in Yemen engaging the Houthis." Gun policy
<mask> supports open carry legislation, which allows guns to be carried openly in public. In 2019, she was one of 31 Republican cosponsors of a bill to grant those with concealed carry privileges

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 in their home state the right to carry concealed weapons in other states with concealed carry laws. In a 2014 debate, speaking about the Santa Barbara shooting, <mask> said, "Just because of a horrible, horrible tragedy, I don't believe we should be infringing upon people's Second Amendment rights."After the 2018 Stoneman Douglas High School shooting, she said that mental illness was the "root cause" of many mass shootings. She later cosponsored a bill to require federal authorities to inform states within a day if a person failing a background check attempted to buy a firearm. In 2017, amid bipartisan momentum for bump stock restrictions, <mask> was one of 10 Republican senators to sign a letter requesting that the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives review a decision that bump stocks fall outside the purview of existing gun regulations. According to data from the Center for Responsive Politics, the NRA spent $3,124,273 in support of <mask> between 2014 and 2018, mostly attacking candidates running against her. Health care
<mask> opposes the Affordable Care Act. The Campaign for Liberty reported that in 2012 <mask> had answered "Yes" to a survey question asking whether she would support legislation that would "nullify ObamaCare and authorize state and local law enforcement to arrest federal officials attempting to implement [it]." She voted for all three versions of a bill to repeal the ACA in 2017.In 2018, <mask> was one of 10 Republican senators to cosponsor a bill intended to guarantee coverage for people with preexisting conditions, though it would have allowed insurers to exclude coverage for the conditions themselves. <mask> has expressed support for reforming Medicare and Medicaid and endorsed a partial

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 privatization of both programs in a 2011 Iowa Senate vote. A CBO report found that the plan would increase medical costs for Medicare beneficiaries 61% by 2022, compared with 27% under the existing structure. In 2013, she said there was a "generation of people that rely on the government to provide absolutely everything for them" and that removing them from government programs such as the Affordable Care Act "is going to be very painful". <mask> has questioned the legitimacy of how hospitals are reporting COVID-19 deaths. Immigration
In June 2018, <mask> and Democratic senators Kirsten Gillibrand and Patrick Leahy wrote Defense Secretary James Mattis a letter saying they were "deeply troubled" by the decision to send 21 Judge Advocate General's Corps to prosecute immigration cases on the southern border, calling it an "inappropriate misapplication of military personnel" and urging Mattis to retain the military lawyers within the military justice system. In July 2018, <mask> was one of 31 Republican senators to submit a resolution endorsing Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), saying its abolition would allow "dangerous criminal aliens" and members of the MS-13 gang to remain in the U.S.

Amid the 2018–19 United States federal government shutdown that resulted after Trump demanded $5.7 billion for a border wall, <mask> said she would "tend to agree that not all areas of our border need a physical barrier" if they are monitored by technology or Border Patrol agents and it was possible to respond in a "timely manner".Internet
Ernst opposes net neutrality, which prevents internet service providers from blocking or slowing down certain content, and voted against reinstating it after an FCC ruling in 2018. In May 2020, <mask> voted for


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 an amendment co-sponsored by Senators Steve Daines and Ron Wyden that would have required federal intelligence and law enforcement agencies to obtain federal court warrants when collecting web search engine data from American citizens, nationals, or residents under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA). LGBTQ rights
In a 2014 debate, <mask> said she believes that same-sex marriage is a state's rights issue, but that she would support a federal ban were one proposed. In the Iowa Senate, she co-sponsored a bill to amend the state constitution to define marriage as between one man and one woman. In 2017, she announced her opposition to Trump's ban on transgender individuals serving in the armed forces. Nullification

As a state senator, <mask> co-sponsored a resolution urging the "nullification" of EPA rules on emissions standards and another expressing the Iowa General Assembly's "refusal to recognize" federal laws "which conflict with the Second Amendment". In 2012, she answered "Yes" to a survey asking whether she would support legislation "nullify[ing] ObamaCare and authoriz[ing] state and local law enforcement to arrest federal officials attempting to implement [it]."In 2013, <mask> said Congress should not pass laws "that the states would consider nullifying", referring to what she called "200-plus years of federal legislators going against the Tenth Amendment's states' rights." Courts have consistently ruled that nullification is unconstitutional. During her 2014 Senate campaign, <mask>'s spokespeople argued that she did not support nullification, and that "her comments on it were about encouraging Iowans to send her to Washington to pass good laws." Relationship with Steve King
<mask>'s relationship with Steve King, a


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 Republican House Representative known for his racist rhetoric and support for far-right politicians, has been criticized. In 2016, when King faced a primary challenge for his House seat, <mask> endorsed him, saying he "stands strong for life and liberty." In 2017, when King attracted criticism for saying "we can't restore our civilization with somebody else's babies" and for supporting European far-right politicians, <mask> said she did not condone King's behavior but would not ask for his resignation. In 2017, The Des Moines Register wrote a scathing editorial against King, which criticized <mask> for endorsing him in the past and not condemning him.In 2018, <mask> appeared with King at a rally in his district after King had endorsed a Canadian politician with neo-Nazi ties. In 2019, amid extensive criticism of King by Republican politicians after King made controversial remarks about white supremacy, <mask> rebuked him. The New York Times wrote that <mask>'s belated distancing from King might harm her 2020 reelection effort, as she previously "had spent years embracing Mr. King." Art Cullen, editor of The Storm Lake Times, criticized the timing of <mask>'s response, which came after it started to look possible that King would lose his seat, writing "the hypocrisy is epic and comic." The Des Moines Register's editorial board questioned why it took national condemnation for <mask> to rebuke King. <mask> did not make an endorsement in King's 2020 Republican primary race, which he lost.Trade
In 2018, as Trump imposed tariffs as part of his trade policy and other countries responded in kind, <mask> said she was willing to give him some leeway but worried about the impact on farmers. In May 2019, amid a trade war between the United States

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 and China, <mask> said she did not like tariffs but that the "president's way of negotiating... brings people to the table." She said that Iowa farmers are "disappointed" but that they recognize "that China is the one that is forcing this." In January 2018, <mask> was one of 36 Republican senators to sign a letter to Trump requesting he preserve and modernize the North American Free Trade Agreement. In August 2018, she warned that failure to finish trade deals would "reflect negatively upon our Republican candidates" and advocated completing NAFTA and continuing to work with the European Union. In 2019, <mask> accused House Speaker Nancy Pelosi of "slow-walking" the passage of the USMCA trade agreement but believed there was enough support to ratify it. Personal life
In 1992, <mask> (then <mask> Culver) married <mask>.The <mask>s have one daughter, Libby. On August 27, 2018, <mask> announced that she and her husband were in the process of obtaining a divorce. In a sworn affidavit, <mask> stated that she had declined then-candidate Trump's offer to be his vice-presidential running mate because Gail "hated any successes [she] had and would belittle [her] and get angry any time [she] would achieve a goal", and that she made "sacrifices... out of concern for Gail and [their] family." Gail said that he "gave up his aspirations" to support <mask>'s pursuit of her political ambitions. The divorce was finalized in January 2019, with <mask> <mask> alleging that Gail had verbally and mentally abused her and on one occasion physically assaulted her. The <mask>s accused each other of infidelity; both denied the respective accusations. In her first interview after her divorce, <mask> revealed that she had been raped in college.<mask> is a lifetime

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Ernst
Ernst
Ernst
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Joni
Gail Ernst
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Joni
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 member of the Montgomery County Republican Women, Veterans of Foreign Wars Post 2265, Montgomery County Court of Honor, Altrusa, PEO Chapter HB, the National Rifle Association, and the Montgomery County Farm Bureau. Her church is Mamrelund Lutheran Church in Stanton, Iowa, of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) denomination. On June 13, 2018, federal judge Linda Reade sentenced Joseph Dierks, of Waterloo, Iowa, to six years in prison for threatening "to kill or otherwise harm" <mask> on Twitter. The sentence, which exceeds sentencing guidelines, was imposed on Dierks for disparaging comments he made about Reade and threats against the case prosecutor and his children, and against black corrections officers while awaiting trial. As of 2018, according to OpenSecrets.org, <mask>'s net worth was negative, owing more than $196,000. In May 2020, she published her memoir, Daughter of the Heartland: My Ode to the Country That Raised Me''. Electoral history

See also

 Women in the United States Senate

References

External links

Senator <mask> <mask> official U.S. Senate website
<mask> <mask> for U.S. Senate campaign website

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1970 births
Living people
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians
American Lutherans
Columbus State University alumni
Conservatism in the United States
Female United States Army officers
Female United States senators
Iowa National Guard personnel
Iowa Republicans
Iowa state senators
Iowa State University alumni
People from Red Oak, Iowa
People from Montgomery County, Iowa
County auditors in the United States
Republican Party United States senators
United States Army personnel of the Iraq War
United States Army reservists
United States senators from

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<mask> (; born Lao Kim Lorn; 7 July 1926 – 4 August 2019), also known as Long Bunruot () or Rungloet Laodi ( ), was a Cambodian communist politician and revolutionary who was the chief ideologist of the Khmer Rouge. He also briefly served as acting Prime Minister of Democratic Kampuchea. He was commonly known as "Brother Number Two" (), as he was second-in-command to Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot, General Secretary of the Party, during the Cambodian genocide of 1975–1979. In 2014, <mask> received a life sentence for crimes against humanity, alongside another top-tier Khmer Rouge leader, Khieu Samphan, and a further trial convicted him of genocide in 2018. These life sentences were merged into a single life sentence by the Trial Chamber on 16 November 2018. He died while serving his sentence in 2019. Early life
<mask> was born as Lao Kim Lorn at Voat Kor, Battambang on 7 July 1926.Nuon's father, Lao Liv, worked as a trader as well as a corn farmer, while his mother, Dos Peanh, was a tailor. An interview by a Japanese researcher in 2003 with <mask> <mask> quoted that Liv was Chinese, while Peanh was the daughter of a Chinese immigrant from Shantou and his Khmer wife. In 2011, however, <mask> told the Khmer Rouge Tribunal that he was only a quarter Chinese through his half-Chinese father. As a child, <mask> <mask> was raised in both Chinese and Khmer customs. The family prayed at a Theravada Buddhist temple, but observed Chinese religious customs during the Lunar New Year and Qingming festival. <mask> <mask> started school at seven, and was educated in Thai, French and Khmer. In the 1940s, <mask> <mask> studied at Wat Benchamabophit School and Faculty of Law, Thammasat University in Bangkok and worked part-time for the Thai Ministry of Foreign Affairs.He began his political activities in the Communist Party of Siam in Bangkok. He

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 was elected Deputy General Secretary of the Workers Party of Kampuchea (later renamed as the Communist Party of Kampuchea) in September 1960. In Democratic Kampuchea, he was generally known as "Brother Number Two." Unlike most of the leaders of the Khmer Rouge, <mask> was not educated in France. As documented in the Soviet archives, <mask> <mask> played a major role in negotiating the North Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia in 1970, with the intent of forcing the collapse of Lon Nol's government: "In April–May 1970, many North Vietnamese forces entered Cambodia in response to the call for help addressed to Vietnam not by Pol Pot, but by his deputy <mask> <mask>. Nguyen Co Thach recalls: "<mask> <mask> has asked for help and we have liberated five provinces of Cambodia in ten days." In 1970, in fact, Vietnamese forces occupied almost a quarter of the territory of Cambodia, and the zone of communist control grew several times, as power in the so-called liberated regions was given to the CPK [Khmer Rouge].At that time relations between Pol Pot and the North Vietnamese leaders were especially warm." The North Vietnamese trusted <mask> <mask> more than Pol Pot or Ieng Sary, although <mask> "consistently and consciously deceived the Vietnamese principals concerning the real plans of the Khmer leadership." As a result, "Hanoi did not undertake any action to change the power pattern within the top ranks of the Communist Party to their own benefit." Career
As the recently proclaimed state legislature, the Kampuchean People's Representative Assembly held its first plenary session during 11–13 April 1976, <mask> was elected president of its Standing Committee. He briefly held office as acting prime minister when Pol Pot resigned for one month, citing health reasons. According to Dmitry Mosyakov, "In October 1978, Hanoi still believed that

masks: Chea Nuon Chea Nuon Chea Nuon Chea Nuon Chea Chea Chea


texts: 'there were two prominent party figures in Phnom Penh who sympathized with Vietnam—<mask> <mask> and the former first secretary of the Eastern Zone, So Phim....Vietnamese hopes that these figures would head an uprising against Pol Pot turned out to be groundless: So Phim perished during the revolt in June 1978, while <mask> <mask>, as it is known, turned out to be one of the most devoted followers of Pol Pot—he did not defect to the Vietnamese side....It is difficult to understand why until the end of 1978 it was believed in Hanoi that <mask> <mask> was 'their man' in spite of the fact that all previous experience should have proved quite the contrary. Was Hanoi unaware of his permanent siding with Pol Pot, his demands that 'the Vietnamese minority should not be allowed to reside in Kampuchea', his extreme cruelty, as well as of the fact that, 'in comparison with <mask> Chea, people considered Pol Pot a paragon of kindness'?"<mask> <mask> was forced to abandon his position as president of the Assembly, along with all others as the Vietnamese captured Phnom Penh in January 1979. According to prison commander Kaing Khek Iev (more commonly known as Duch), who described <mask> as "the principal man for the killings," <mask> "ordered me to kill all the remaining prisoners" at Tuol Sleng shortly before the regime's ouster; <mask> was reportedly "furious" that Duch failed to destroy Tuol Sleng's extensive archives documenting torture and mass murder at the prison before the Vietnamese took the site. In December 1998, <mask> surrendered as part of the last remnants of Khmer Rouge resistance which was based in Pailin near the Thailand border. The government under Prime Minister Hun Sen, himself a former member of the Khmer Rouge, agreed to forsake attempts to prosecute <mask>, a decision that was condemned by Western nations. American

masks: Nuon Chea Nuon Chea Nuon Chea Nuon Nuon Chea Chea Chea Chea Chea Chea


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 journalist Nate Thayer, the last person to interview Pol Pot, describes <mask> <mask> as "probably more guilty than Pol Pot himself for the actual killings that went on while the Khmer Rouge were in power." Arrest and trial

On 19 September 2007, 81 year old <mask> was arrested at his home in Pailin and flown to the Khmer Rouge Tribunal in Phnom Penh, which charged him with war crimes and crimes against humanity. He was held continuously in detention after his arrest.In February 2008, <mask> told the court that his case should be handled according to international standards. He argued that the court should delay proceedings because his Dutch lawyer, Michiel Pestman, had not yet arrived. In May 2013, <mask> told the court and the victims' families, "I feel remorseful for the crimes that were committed intentionally or unintentionally, whether or not I had known about it or not known about it." On 7 August 2014, the court convicted <mask> of crimes against humanity and sentenced him to imprisonment for the remainder of his life. His lawyer immediately announced that <mask> would appeal against his conviction. <mask> faced a separate trial for the crime of genocide in the same court. The court found him and Khieu Samphan guilty of genocide against the Vietnamese people and the Chams on 16 November 2018.These life sentences were merged into a single life sentence by the Trial Chamber on 16 November 2018. In his closing brief before the court, numbering some 500 pages, <mask> "blamed Vietnamese agents for virtually everything that went wrong during Khmer Rouge rule." He also denied responsibility for mass killings, but this was contradicted by detailed documentation left behind by the Khmer Rouge regime itself, including bizarre "confessions" extracted under torture at Tuol Sleng and photographs of purge victims, as well as a

masks: Nuon Chea Chea Chea Chea Chea Chea Chea Chea


texts:
 recording made by a Cambodian journalist prior to <mask>'s 2007 arrest in which <mask> admitted: "Believe me, if these traitors were alive, the Khmers as a people would have been finished. ... If we had shown mercy to these people, the nation would have been lost." Death
<mask> <mask> died on 4 August 2019 at the Khmer-Soviet Friendship Hospital in Phnom Penh, aged 93. He had been hospitalized since 2 July for lack of blood-flow to his toe which turned black.Due to advanced age <mask>'s circulation was not delivering blood properly to it. Lack of proper circulation brought infection of his toe which eventually killed him, most likely by causing sepsis of blood and eventual multiple organs failure. His body was later brought to Sala Krau, Pailin, before cremation in accordance with Buddhist tradition. See also
Enemies of the People
Cambodian genocide

References

External links

Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia
571-page closing brief, <mask>’s version of Khmer Rouge  history
The Rape Of Khmer Muslim Women
"Brother Number Two Enjoys Retirement" Full Transcript
Cambodia Tribunal Monitor
Documentary Feature Film featuring interviews with Nuon <mask>

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1926 births
2019 deaths
20th-century Cambodian politicians
Cambodian Buddhists
Cambodian communists
Cambodian revolutionaries
Khmer Rouge party members
Cambodian politicians convicted of crimes
Cambodian people convicted of crimes against humanity
Cambodian politicians of Chinese descent
Cambodian prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
Communist Party of Kampuchea politicians
Nuon Chea
Genocide perpetrators
People convicted by the Khmer Rouge Tribunal
People convicted of genocide
People from Battambang province
Presidents of the National Assembly (Cambodia)
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Cambodia
Nuon Chea
Heads of government who were later

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<mask> (born January 17, 1961) is an American actor, writer, voice-over artist and producer. His film credits include Vice,  20th Century Women,  Free State of Jones, Get on Up, Contraband, Texas Killing Fields, White Lightnin', The Butterfly Circus, and God Bless America. Early life
<mask> was born in Wayne, Nebraska, the son of <mask>, a teacher, artist, and writer, and <mask>, a college professor, coach, writer, and former actor, who filmed national Wells Fargo commercials in the 1970s as Mark Twain. After attending Aurora High School, he headed off to the University of Nebraska in Lincoln, where he graduated in 1984 with a bachelor's degree in Biology. He coached women's track as an undergraduate assistant at the school and was on the staff that won three national indoor team titles. He completed a master's degree in Journalism with a minor in Advertising at Louisiana State University in 1987. He coached women's track as a graduate assistant and was on the staff that won LSU’s first two NCAA team titles.Also during his stay, he earned CoSIDA National Runner-Up Honors for writing the 1986 Track and Field Media Guide. Career
<mask> started out at Hollywood’s The Comedy Store in the improv group that opened up the highly successful urban comedy show, Trippin’ on Tuesdays in 2006. The cast included Windell Middlebrooks. He began his career in network television in 2007 as an armed enforcer in Hallmark's Murder 101 opposite legendary Dick Van Dyke. He followed that with roles in a number of shows, including Criminal Minds, CSI, Ghost Whisperer, Leverage, Sons of Anarchy, Southland, and Days of Our Lives. His film breakthrough was British director Dominic Murphy's dark drama, White Lightnin’, as the redneck killer Long which premiered at the Sundance and the Berlin International Film Festivals in 2009.

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Bovill
Judy Bovill
Ron Bovill
Bovill


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 The film is loosely based on the true story of Jesco White.Filming took place in Croatia. That was followed up with several film roles including; the James Brown biopic Get On Up, with Viola Davis, Octavia Spencer, Taraji P. Henson and Chadwick Boseman, and helmed by Tate Taylor, Contraband with Mark Wahlberg, Kate Beckinsale, Ben Foster and Giovanni Ribisi,  Texas Killing Fields with Chloë Grace Moretz, Sam Worthington, Jessica Chastain and Jeffrey Dean Morgan, The Butterfly Circus, God Bless America, Paramount's Circle of 8, and Footprints. Recent television credits include a guest star turn on American Horror Story: Asylum, Grey's Anatomy, and Brooklyn Nine-Nine. In 2016, he appeared in the films Free State of Jones and 20th Century Women. He plays the whacky coop player Dick in the video game Dead Rising 3 which was introduced at E3 2013. The game is exclusively available on Microsoft Xbox One and was developed by Capcom Vancouver. The game sold in excess of one million copies in the first month of release.He has released two critically acclaimed CDs with his wife, Joni Bovill under their indie label, Elmo Records. They have appeared on TV One's The Gospel of Music with Jeff Majors and have licensed their music to films. Bovill wrote all of the songs. Prior to entering into the entertainment industry, Bovill was an international marketing executive in high technology for a number of years. He's been published in technical journals. Before that, he spent six years in the collegiate coaching ranks at the University of Nebraska as an undergraduate assistant and Louisiana State University as a graduate assistant in track and field. Personal life
Bovill married actress Joni <mask> in Negril, Jamaica.Joni's brother, Henry Green, is a member of the multi-Grammy nominated Gospel group, The Williams