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<mask> (born February 21, 1988) is a Brazilian professional mixed martial artist currently competing in the Welterweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). Background
Born and raised in Três Rios, Rio de Janeiro, <mask> worked for a time as a construction worker and bull rider before he starting training in martial arts. <mask> had three brothers – of whom two deceased due to violent crime – and four sisters. He also trained in Muay Thai for a couple of years before switching to mixed martial arts at the age of 22. Mixed martial arts career
Fighting out of Três Rios, he made his professional debut competing in the welterweight division in December 2011. He compiled a record of 11–2–1 (1), including a two-fight stint for Bitetti Combat while competing exclusively for regional promotions in his native Brazil. After taking a unanimous decision victory over Joilton Santos, <mask> signed with the UFC in early 2015.Ultimate Fighting Championship
<mask> made his promotional debut as a short notice replacement against Gilbert Burns on March 21, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 62, filling in for an injured Josh Thomson. After arguably winning each of the first two rounds, <mask> eventually lost via submission in the third round. For his second fight in the UFC, <mask> was again tabbed as  short notice replacement and faced K.J. Noons on May 30, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 67, filling in for Yan Cabral. <mask> won the fight via submission in the first round. Competing in his third UFC fight in just over three months, <mask> faced promotional newcomer Joe

masks:
Alex de Oliveira
Oliveira
Oliveira
Oliveira
Oliveira
Oliveira
Oliveira
Oliveira
Oliveira


type: original

texts: Merritt on June 27, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 70. <mask> won the fight by unanimous decision.<mask> faced Piotr Hallmann in a lightweight bout on November 7, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 77. He won the fight by knockout in the third round. The win also earned <mask> his first Performance of the Night bonus award. <mask> fought Donald Cerrone on February 21, 2016 at UFC Fight Night 83, filling in for Tim Means. <mask> lost the fight via submission in the first round. <mask> faced James Moontasri on July 23, 2016 at UFC on Fox 20. He won the one-sided fight via unanimous decision.<mask> next faced Will Brooks in a lightweight bout on October 1, 2016 at UFC Fight Night 96. The bout took place at a catchweight of 161.5 lbs, as <mask> missed weight. <mask> won the fight via KO in the third round. <mask> faced Tim Means on December 30, 2016 at UFC 207. The bout was halted in the first round after Means landed several knees to the head of <mask> while he was considered a grounded opponent. As a result, <mask> was unable to continue after the foul occurred. Subsequently, referee Dan Miragliotta judged that the foul was accidental, and in turn, the result was scored a No Contest.A rematch with Means eventually took place on March 11, 2017 at UFC Fight Night 106. <mask> won the bout via submission in the second round. <mask> faced Ryan LaFlare on July 22, 2017 at UFC on Fox 25. He won the fight via knockout in the second round, after landing a well timed right uppercut. He was awarded his second Performance of the Night bonus award. <mask> faced Yancy Medeiros on

masks: Oliveira Oliveira Oliveira Oliveira Oliveira Oliveira Oliveira Oliveira Oliveira Oliveira Oliveira Oliveira Oliveira Oliveira Oliveira


texts: December 2, 2017 at UFC 218. He lost the back-and-forth fight via TKO in the third round.Despite the loss, <mask> earned his first Fight of the Night bonus award for the fight. <mask> defeated Carlos Condit  on April 14, 2018 at UFC on Fox 29, after replacing injured Matt Brown. He won the fight via a guillotine choke. This fight earned him the Performance of the Night bonus award. <mask> was expected to face Neil Magny on September 22, 2018 at UFC Fight Night 137. However Magny was removed from the pairing on August 22 in favor of a matchup with Santiago Ponzinibbio in November at UFC Fight Night 140,  he was replaced by Carlo Pedersoli Jr. <mask> won the fight via knockout just 39 seconds into the first round. <mask> faced Gunnar Nelson on December 8, 2018 at UFC 231.He lost the fight via a rear-naked choke in round two. <mask> was expected to face Li Jingliang on April 27, 2019 at UFC Fight Night: Jacaré vs. Hermansson. However, it was reported on March 23, 2019 that Li was injured and was forced to pull from the bout. He was replaced by Mike Perry. <mask> lost the back-and-forth fight by unanimous decision. The bout also earned <mask> his second Fight of the Night bonus award. <mask> faced returning veteran Nicolas Dalby on September 28, 2019 at UFC Fight Night 160.He lost the fight via unanimous decision. Subsequently the decision was appealed on grounds of erroneous action by the referee. <mask> was expected to face Mickey Gall on February 29, 2020 at UFC Fight Night 169. However, on December 27, 2019 the bout was pulled from the event by UFC.

masks: Oliveira Oliveira Oliveira Oliveira Oliveira Oliveira Oliveira Oliveira Oliveira Oliveira


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 The bout will not be replaced and no reason was given from UFC. <mask> was quickly rescheduled and instead faced Max Griffin the following week at UFC 248. He won the back-and-forth fight via split decision.<mask> faced Peter Sobotta on July 26, 2020 at UFC Fight Night: Whittaker vs. Till. He won the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> faced Shavkat Rakhmonov, replacing injured Elizeu Zaleski dos Santos on October 24, 2020 at UFC 254. At the weigh-ins, <mask> weighed in at 173 pounds, two pounds over the welterweight non-title fight limit. The bout proceeded at catchweight and he was 20% his purse, which went to his opponent Rakhmonov. <mask> lost the fight via a guillotine choke submission in the first round. <mask> was expected to face Randy Brown on February 27, 2021 at UFC Fight Night 186.However, Brown pulled out of the fight during the week leading up to the event due to undisclosed reasons, and he was replaced by promotional newcomer Ramazan Kuramagomedov. However, the bout was scrapped the day before the event when Kuramagomedov was removed due to illness. The bout between <mask> and Brown was rescheduled and eventually took place at UFC 261 on April 24, 2021. <mask> lost the fight via a one-armed rear naked choke in the first round. <mask> faced Niko Price on October 2, 2021 at UFC Fight Night 193. He lost the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> is scheduled to face Kevin Holland at UFC 272 on March 5, 2022.Personal life
<mask> is nicknamed "Cowboy" due to formerly being a rodeo bullrider. <mask> has ten children from various relationships.

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 Grenade attack on Christmas Eve 2018

<mask> suffered a leg injury and went for surgery on Christmas Eve in 2018 to remove fragments of a grenade when he went to get gasoline for his mother’s car in Tres Rios, Brazil and a grenade was thrown toward his direction while his family members were in an altercation with thugs armed with machetes, knives and a grenade. Incidents in May 2019
According to reports, seemingly intoxicated <mask> got into an altercation with a security guard during a party on May 24, 2019. The next morning, <mask> showed up at his wife's apartment where he allegedly assaulted her, fleeing the scene on a motorcycle with their baby daughter. The child was found on May 26 at one of <mask>'s sister's apartment, and <mask> had generally been understood to be reported missing until his early March 2020 arrival in Las Vegas for the UFC 248 fight card which he competed on. In an interview <mask> denied punching his wife but did not comment on other indictments.<mask> also said they were only having an argument and that they haven't separated: on the contrary, his wife is pregnant again. Cowboy
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|align=center|1
|align=center|2:33
|Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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|Win
|align=center|14–3–1 (1)
|Piotr Hallmann
|KO (punch)
|UFC Fight Night: Belfort vs. Henderson 3
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|align=center|3
|align=center|0:51
|São Paulo, Brazil
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|Win
|align=center| 13–3–1 (1)
|Joe Merritt
|Decision (unanimous)
|UFC Fight Night: Machida vs. Romero
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|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Hollywood, Florida, United States
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|Win
|align=center| 12–3–1

masks: Oliveira Oliveira Oliveira Oliveira Oliveira Oliveira Oliveira


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<mask> (6 January 1874 – 25 February 1965) was a  British editor, poet, science fiction author, writer of screenplays, mystery fiction and works in other genres, as well as being an accountant and a conservative political activist. He also wrote as <mask> and Anthony Wingrave. <mask> was born in Smethwick (then in the Kings Norton registration district), England. <mask> left school at eleven, and spent his adolescence studying literature when not
working. From a young age, <mask> deliberately adopted a healthy lifestyle; he did not smoke or eat meat, and rarely drank alcohol. <mask> also took regular exercise by hiking or cycling in the countryside. He was married twice.His first wife was Nellie (Julia Ellen) Ashbarry, whom he married in 1895. After Nellie's death in 1918, <mask> married Truda (Anastasia Gertruda) Hancock in 1920. <mask> had ten children. Writing career
In 1917, <mask> helped found the Empire Poetry League and edited the League's journal, Poetry. <mask> used Poetry to publish his translations of Dante's Inferno and Purgatorio. <mask> began writing science fiction in the 1920s. The book Science-Fiction: The Early Years describes <mask> as "the major British writer of genre science fiction between Wells and the moderns".His first science fiction novel was The Amphibians (1924), set in a future where humanity has been succeeded by the titular beings. His 1928 novel Deluge, about a flood which devastates Britain, was a success and was later adapted into a Hollywood film of the same title. The Island of Captain Sparrow (1928) was

masks:
Sydney Fowler Wright
Sydney Fowler
Background Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright


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 inspired by H.G. Wells' The Island of Doctor Moreau. <mask>'s novel features a race of satyr-like beast men persecuted by humans. <mask> was critical of modern industrial civilization, and his 1932 collection The New Gods Lead contained several stories attacking trends <mask> disagreed with, including birth control and the motor car (The "New Gods" of the book's title were described by
<mask> as Comfort and Cowardice). The New Gods Lead includes several stories of note, including "The Rat", about
a doctor who discovers an immortality serum, and "P.N.40", which is set in a repressive future controlled by supporters of the eugenics movement. "The Choice:An Allegory of Blood and Tears" is a satire on the Christian conception of Heaven. In 1934, <mask> visited Nazi Germany to write a series of newspaper articles. Alarmed at what he saw, he wrote three novels about a future war in Europe: Prelude in Prague: The War of 1938, Four Days' War, and Mediggo's Ridge. Works

Science fiction novels

The Amphibians (1924)
The Island of Captain Sparrow (1928)
Deluge (1928)
Dawn (1929) [parallel and sequel to Deluge]
The World Below (1929) [sequel to The Amphibians]
Dream, or the Simian Maid (1931) [first novel in the Marguerite Cranleigh Series]
Beyond the Rim (1932)
Power (1933)
Prelude in Prague: The War of 1938 (1934)
The Vengeance of Gwa (1935) [second novel in the Marguerite Cranleigh Series]
Four Days War (1936) [sequel to Prelude in Prague]
The Screaming Lake (1937)
Megiddo's Ridge (1937) [sequel to Four Days War]
The Hidden Tribe (1938)
The

masks: Wright Wright Wright Wright Wright


texts:
 Adventure of Wyndham Smith (1938)
The Adventure of the Blue Room (as <mask>) (1945)
Spiders' War (1954) [third novel in the Marguerite Cranleigh Series]

Historical novels
Elfwin (1930) (Novel about Ethelfleda of Mercia)
Lord's Right In Languedoc (1933)
David (1934)
Last Days Of Pompeii (1948) (Redaction of Lord Lytton's novel by S.F.W.). Marguerite de Valois (1946) (Translation of Alexander Dumas père novel). The Siege Of Malta, Part One: St Elmo (1942)
The Siege Of Malta, Part Two: St Angelo (1942) (Completion of Walter Scott's unfinished novel)

Mystery novels (as Sydney Fowler)
The King against Anne Bickerton (1930, vts REX v Anne Bickerton and The Case of Anne Bickerton)
By Saturday (1931)
The Bell Street Murders (1931)
 Crime & co. (1931, vt The Hand-Print Mystery)
Who Else But She?(1934, vts Cherchez la Femme, and Who But She?) Was Murder Done? (1936)
The Attic Murder (1936)
Post-Mortem Evidence (1936)
Four Callers in Razor Street (1937)
The Jordans Murder (1938) (Reprinted in abridged edition in 1941)
The Murder In Bethnal Square (1938)
The Wills of Jane Kanwhistle (1939)
The Secret of the Screen (1940)
The Hanging of Constance Hillier (1941)
The Rissole Mystery (1941)
A Bout with the Mildew Gang (1941)
Second Bout with the Mildew Gang (1942)
Dinner in New York (1943)
The End Of The Mildew Gang (1944)
Too Much for Mr. Jellipot (1945)
Who Murdered Reynard? (1947)
With Cause enough? (1954)

Other novels
Seven Thousand In Israel (1931)
Red Ike (1931, vt. Under The Brutchstone, Redaction of J.M. Denwood's novel Cumberland).Ordeal Of


texts:
 Barata (1939)

Short fiction
 "Automata: I" (1929)
 "Automata: II" (1929)
 "Automata: III" (1929)
 "P.N. 40" (1929)
 "The Rat" (1929)
 "Automata" (1929)
 "Brain" (1932)
 "Choice" (1932)
 "The Rule" (1932)
 "Proof" (1932)
 "Appeal" (1932)
 "This Night" (1932)
 "Justice" (1932)
 "Original Sin" (1946)
 "The Terror of William Stickers" (1946)
 "A Question of E.D.D." (1946)
 "The Congo Cat" (1946)
 "The Temperature of Gehenna Sue" (1946)
 "Carrots" (1946)
 "Burglar's Aid" (1946)
 "Who Else But She?" (1946)
 "Status" (1946)
 "The Witchfinder" (1946)
 "Obviously Suicide" (1951)
 "The Better Choice" (1955)

Collections
Scenes from the Morte d'Arthur (1919) as <mask>
The New Gods Lead (1932)
The Witchfinder (1946)
The Throne of Saturn (1949)
S. <mask>'s Short Stories (1996) . Non-fiction
 Police and Public (1929)
 The Life Of Sir Walter <mask> - Part I (1932)
 The Life Of Sir Walter <mask> - Part II (1932)
 Should We Surrender Colonies? (1938)

References

External links

 Foreword written by <mask> for S<mask> <mask>'s Short Stories
 The Works of <mask> <mask> 1874 – 1965

1874 births
1965 deaths
20th-century English novelists
20th-century British short story writers
English historical novelists
English male novelists
English mystery writers
English male poets
English male short story writers
English science fiction writers
English short story writers
People from Kings Norton
20th-century English male writers
English male non-fiction writers
Writers of historical fiction set in the Middle Ages
Writers of historical fiction set in the early

masks:
Alan Seymour
Fowler Wright
Scott
Scott
Brian Stableford
. Fowler
Wright
Sydney Fowler
Wright


texts:
<mask> is a career Afghan diplomat. He is now serving as an Ambassador of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan to the Commonwealth of Australia, New Zealand and Republic of Fiji. He worked as Director-General for Economic Cooperation at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan from 2012 to 2016 overseeing regional economic cooperation and multilateral development partnerships, chaired economic diplomacy committee, coordinated Regional Economic Cooperation Conference for Afghanistan process and projects and served as a Focal Point for economic Confidence Building Measures (CBMs) of the Heart of Asia Istanbul Process. <mask> is co-founder and Chair of the Green Club, a voluntarily association on environment and green activities. He used to teach economic development at the University of Afghanistan and writes on development, region, geoeconomics and socio-development issues. Early life and education

<mask> was born on April 18, 1975, in Kabul. He has studied in the United States and holds MA in Development Economics from Center for Development Economics of Williams College.<mask> was one of the first Afghan students studied at the CDE. Among them were fellows from countries near Afghanistan—the Kyrgyz Republic, Uzbekistan and Georgia. He is a visiting scholar of the Central Asia-Caucasus Institute of the SAIS/Johns Hopkins University in Washington DC, a fellowship program for raising regional leaders in government, commerce, and academia from Central Asia, Mongolia, the Caucasus and Afghanistan (CAMCA). <mask> had also studied Results-based management at the Shanghai based Asia-Pacific Finance and Development Institute (AFDI) in 2007 under a fellowship granted from Shanghai International Program for Development Evaluation Training (SHIPDET) program. Diplomatic career

<mask> joins Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 2012 as Senior Advisor on regional cooperation. Later, he was appointed as Director-General for Economic Cooperation at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2012 to 2016). In this position he was overseeing regional economic cooperation and multilateral development partnerships, chairing Economic Diplomacy Committee, coordinates Regional Economic Cooperation Conference for Afghanistan and serving as a national Focal Point for economic Confidence Building Measures of Heart of Asia

masks:
Wahidullah Waissi
Waissi
Wahidullah Waissi
Waissi
Waissi
Waissi


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 Istanbul Process.<mask> was coordinating infrastructure project negotiation phases for TAPI, CASA-1000, TAT Railway, regional transit and transport agreements and projects and Special Economic Zones/Dry Ports. Ambassador accredited to Australia, New Zealand and Fiji

<mask> was appointed as the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan to the Commonwealth of Australia in February 2017 and as a non-resident Ambassador to New Zealand and Fiji on 12 August 2017 and 24 April 2018 respectively. As an ambassador, this is his first mission abroad. <mask> has submitted his letter of credentials to Sir Peter Cosgrove, Governor-General of Commonwealth of Australia on 1 March 2017 and to Dame Patsy Reddy, Governor-General of New Zealand on 6 September 2017 as the fifth Ambassador of Afghanistan to both Australia and New Zealand. As the first Afghan President visiting Australia, Dr. Mohammad Ashraf Ghani arrived to Canberra on 2 April 2017 for an almost 3 days visit. Marking the visit, Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull said Afghanistan and Australia had forged a “solid connection” for more than a century. From Afghan cameleers in the 1860s, through to the Australian military effort to free Afghanistan of terrorism, the two nations have long maintained a healthy partnership.Discussions were mainly focused on security and development co-operation. Regional Economic Cooperation Conference on Afghanistan (RECCA)

One of the efforts that have been striving to have regional economic cooperation in South and Central Asia so as to assist Afghanistan is Regional Economic Cooperation Conference on Afghanistan (RECCA). RECCA is a forum that has been managed to promote stabilization in Afghanistan and South and Central Asian regional economic integration. Waissi have been engaged on developing the first Regional Cooperation Strategy for the ANDS since 2005. This strategy made the platform for broader regional cooperation discussion among immediate neighbors and far neighboring countries of Afghanistan. The first regional economic cooperation conference under the title of RECCA has been inaugurated in Kabul in 2005. More annual RECCA meetings were hosted in New Delhi in 2006, Islamabad in 2007, Istanbul in 2009, Dushanbe in 2012 and back in Kabul in 2015.<mask> played a major role in organization and coordination of the last two

masks: Waissi Waissi Waissi Waissi


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 RECCA events in Dushanbe and Kabul. The RECCA process in 2015 covers a broader range of economic activities in forms of energy cooperation, connectivity, and business to business opportunities in the region. <mask> and his team at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs have launched a new website to include necessary information about status of projects under the RECCA process for a wider outreach. He also initiated identifying RECCA Focal Points from 16 countries for better coordination of regional project's implementation. The first meeting of the RECCA Focal Points took place on 26 August 2017 in Kabul. The Seventh RECCA meeting will be hosted by the Turkmenistan Government in Ashgabat in November 2017. Chabahar Agreement

<mask> was a lead-negotiator for the International Transport and Transit Corridor (also known as the "Chabahar Agreement") on behalf of the Afghan Government since 2012, when the primary discussion over this agreement started in 2012 in Tehran between Afghanistan, Iran and India and to its signing ceremony.On 23 May 2016, the Agreement was signed in Tehran, Iran, by the Afghan Minister of Transport and Civil Aviation, the Indian Minister of Shipping, Road Transport, and Highways and the Iranian Ministry of Road and Urban Development, while the three heads of states, President Mohammad Ashraf Ghani, President Hassan Rouhani and Prime Minister Narendra Modi were present. The agreement later approved by the Cabinet of the Afghan Government on 3 August 2016 and ratified by the Afghan National Assembly (Parliament). The Agreement aims to: 1) Facilitate access to international markets by using land, sea, and/or air transportation through Chabahar Port; and 2) Simplify, harmonize, and standardize procedures governing the international transport and transit of goods and passengers, in accordance with the international agreements and conventions in which the three signatory governments are members. The Chabahar Agreement is the first multilateral transit and transport agreement of its kind that Afghanistan signs with other countries. It basically connects South Asia with Central Asia, and Gulf region with Central Asia and Caucasus markets. The ports in Chabahar will considerably cut transportation costs and time. The Lapis Lazuli Route

Afghanistan as a landlocked country needs more diversified transit policy.Alternative routes and

masks: Waissi Waissi


texts:
 corridors are always helpful for the domestic economy as well as regional connectivity. This was the biggest motivation for <mask> to initiate an alternative transit route, later called the Lapis Lazuli Transit and Transport Route. His ideas was accepted by Jawed Ludin, former Deputy Foreign Minister of Afghanistan and later by Zarar Ahmad Osmani, former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan. <mask> was being appointed immediately by Minister Osmani to follow with the concerned counties and coordinate to become a party to this initiative. Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan and Georgia immediately joined and Turkey was the last country to become as a party to this initiative. In early 2014 <mask> and a team of experts from the Afghan Government started the negotiation from Ashgabat in Turkmenistan. <mask> was leading the negotiation for the agreement on behalf of the Afghan Government.The Lapis Lazuli corridor was opened for business in December 2018. Multilateralism & Multilateral Diplomacy

Working for the Afghanistan's Aid Coordination Authority (AACA) in 2003, <mask>'s main work focuses were on multilateral cooperation. He was appointed as Aid Coordination Officer at the Ministry of Finance when the AACA moved to this ministry and his areas of focus were on International Financial Institutions (IFIs) i.e. the World Bank, Asian Development Bank (ADB) and European Commission (EC) between years 2003 and 2004. In early 2004, <mask> was manager for a newly established department focussing on IFI's portfolio monitoring. Later in 2012, as Director-General for Economic Cooperation, <mask> was mainly working on multilateral diplomatic activities throughout Afghanistan's Foreign Policy principles. <mask> represented the Afghan Government at the United Nation's General Assembly debates on G7+, G77, Land-Locked Development Countries (LLDC), Least-Development Countries (LDC), special events on Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and Millennium Development Goals (MDG) and many other events in years 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016.Sustainable Development Goals

<mask> has initiated the Sustainable Development Goals & Green Economy Desk at the department of economic cooperation of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan to promote and increase focus on Afghanistan's green diplomacy at the regional and international level. This has enabled

masks: Waissi Waissi Waissi Waissi Waissi Waissi Waissi Waissi Waissi


texts:
 more cooperation between Afghanistan and its partners when Afghanistan's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are developed. <mask> participate at the Rio+20 of United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development took place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil on 20–22 June 2012 as part of the Afghan delegation. The Government of Afghanistan has presented its position paper in support of the SDGs. In 2013 and 2014, <mask> and his team at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs have inaugurated a first series of consultations on SDGs and adopting the goals to national level policies and plans. The first review of SDGs for Afghanistan has been developed in 2014 and submitted to the United Nations. The Government of Afghanistan endorsed the SDGs and presented its adoption policy of the post-2015 development agenda at the United Nations Sustainable Development Summit 2015 held on 25–27 September 2015, in New York City.Development career
<mask>'s professional work focuses on economic development since 1998. He has worked for many national and international non-governmental organizations, UN agencies, and government in Kabul and provinces. <mask> has started his first government engagement in the field of aid management and budget policy. He has been responsible for most of the development partnership activities for Afghanistan since 2003 and has been directly involved in coordination and organizing of 22 national and international conferences for Afghanistan from 2004 to 2015 in Kabul, Berlin, Paris, Tokyo, Rome, London, Bonn, Brussels and in number of neighboring countries. Afghanistan National Development Strategy

In June 2006, <mask> has been appointed as the Coordinator and Formulation Manager for the Interim-Afghanistan National Development Strategy (I-ANDS) at the Office of the Senior Economic Advisor to the President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Professor M. Ishaq Nadiri (Former President Hamid Karzai). The I-ANDS was served as the interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (I-PRSP) based on the World Bank development modules. The ANDS was a five-year national development plan outlined the government strategy for achieving its long-term development vision.It was based on the Afghanistan Millennium Development Goals and the benchmarks of the Afghanistan Compact. Both the MDGs and ANDS/PRSP meant to help the government and policy makers at the

masks: Waissi Waissi Waissi Waissi Waissi


texts:
 national and ministry levels to plan activities for reaching the priority development results required to address people's priority needs. The I-ANDS/I-PRSP was presented at the International Donor Conference in London in 2006. The Afghanistan National Development Strategy (ANDS), 2008-2013 served as Afghanistan's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) and used the pillars, principles and benchmarks of the Afghanistan Compact (2006) as a foundation. The ANDS document was instrumental for absorbing more foreign aid for the development process of Afghanistan and presented at the Paris Conference on Afghanistan in July 2008. In July 2007, the Boards of Executive Directors of the International Development Association (IDA) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) agreed that the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan had met the requirements for reaching the decision point under the enhanced Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) initiative. The amount of debt relief determined at the decision point was US$571.4 million on March 20, 2006, net present value (NPV) terms, calculated to reduce the NPV of eligible external debt to 150 percent of exports at March 20, 2006.This relief implied a common reduction factor of 51.0 percent. After the Paris Conference and approval of the ANDS by the boards of the World Bank and IMF in 2008, <mask> has been appointed as Director for Coordination of ANDS Implementation and Budget Policy overseeing implementation of the ANDS and its activities underlined in its National Action Plan. Millennium Development Goals (MDG)

Results Based Budgeting
In 2008 <mask> has been appointed as the Director for ANDS Coordination of Implementation and Budget Policy at the Ministry of Finance. In late 2008 <mask> and his team at the Ministry of Finance have introduced Results-based management (RBM) mechanism and performance budgeting into National Budget of Afghanistan for the first time between 2009 and 2011. The RBM later introduced as the Performance Budgeting at the Ministry of Finance and still continues as a budget policy tool for measuring results at the Ministry of Finance of Afghanistan. Environmentalism

The Green Club

Wahid <mask> has had a long-standing concern with environmentalism as a national and global issue. <mask> has co-founded the Green Club in 2009 together with Jawid Omar and a team of young Afghans on voluntary


texts:
 basis.<mask> is the chairman and co-founder of Green Club, Afghanistan on voluntary basis. The Green Club soon found its way to the heart and minds of youth activists focused its objectives to encourage environment protection and green knowledge by volunteerism, advocacy and awareness rising. In June 2012, <mask> participated at the Rio+20 United Nation Conference on Sustainable Development as member of the Government of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan delegation. The Green Club became the first registered civil society organizations on environment protection and sustainable development. The Green Club engaged active citizens who are concerned about environmental degradation and volunteer to make the communities green. The Green Club made its path towards Earth Day Network and owned the 2013 Earth Day International Recognition Award for its green activities. <mask> also registered a petition with the Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission and submitted the Right for Environment as future Human Rights Commission consideration for their annual analysis and reports.The Green Club volunteers organized several campaigns namely: A Tree for Me is a Tree for Afghanistan, Earth Day Festivals, Green Club Environment Week, Green Caravans Awareness Campaigns for schools, Run for Green Cycling Contest, Green Policy, media awareness campaigns, drawing competition at selected schools, and photography competition and exhibitions in support of the Earth Day and environment protection. More than 100 youth were engaged directly in all these campaigns all at the same time. A Tree for Me is a Tree for Afghanistan
<mask> and the Green Club volunteers have initiated the first national tree planting campaigns using the Facebook application under the title of A Tree for Me is a Tree for Afghanistan. The Green Club volunteers planted more than ten thousand trees in Kabul, Mazar-e-Sharif and Herat for five consecutive years. National Environment Week

In 2015, <mask> and Omar have submitted a proposal to the President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Mohammad Ashraf Ghani, to localize the World Environment Day to National Environment Week based on its successful model practiced by the Green Club between years of 2010 to 2014. The Cabinet of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan has approved this idea and included it into national calendar for annual


texts:
 celebration. Since 2015, the national environment week are being celebrated officially.Green Policy
The Green Club has partnered with the CW4WAfghan to make its Green Policy a public document in the hopes that other organizations, agencies and companies operating in Afghanistan will also adopt similar policies. Afghanistan, and its capital city in particular, are facing an environmental crisis that puts millions of lives at risk, and significantly lowers the quality of life of Afghans. Despite the gravity of this crisis—which is estimated to claim far more lives than the current conflict—little is being done. Memberships

Waissi is member of Afghanistan Policy Group (APG) focusing on regional peace and stability envisioning post 2014 with other policy groups of 10 member countries. APG is part of the network of policy groups in Afghanistan, Central Asia, India and Pakistan for a regional project entitled "Envisioning a Secure and Independent Afghanistan Post 2014. Perspectives and Strategies for Constructive Conflict Resolution from the Neighborhood". <mask> is member of Asia-Pacific Community of Practice (APCoP) on Managing for Development Results.Through APCoP, he has participated as Afghan Government representative at the Third High Level Forum on Managing for Development Results in Hanoi, Vietnam. He was also supporting for preparation of Fourth High Level Forum on New Deal Aid Effectiveness, which was held in Busan in 2011. <mask> was a fellow member and program coordinator (2012) of Afghanistan 21 Young Leaders Initiative a non-partisan and non-political group of young Afghans who shared common values and beliefs to address social, economic and political issues in Afghanistan. The AYLI fellows have managed to reflect their views and considerations about current and international affairs of Afghanistan. The AYLI fellows developed many position papers ahead of the key strategic events linked to Afghanistan i.e. Tokyo Conference on Afghanistan, 2012; Position Paper on NATO Summit in Chicago, 2012; and International Afghanistan Conference in Bonn, 2012. AYLI is being supported by Asia Society 21 Young Leaders program.Personal life
<mask> is married and has two daughters and a son. References

Afghan politicians
1975 births
Williams College alumni
Living people
Ambassadors of Afghanistan to Australia
Ambassadors of Afghanistan to

masks: Waissi Waissi Waissi


texts:
<mask> (born 25 March 1982) is a Spanish pop singer and songwriter. He gained his initial fame in 2001 as a third-place winner on Operación Triunfo, the interactive musical reality television show that went on to achieve the highest audience ratings in the history of Spanish TV. <mask> has sold more than 2 million records -albums and singles combined- in Spain and Latin America, getting 15 Platinum in albums, digital downloads and mobile ringtones. By 2019, nine of his ten albums had reached number one in Spain. His latest hit is "Héroes" (2019). Biography

2001–2003: Operación Triunfo and Bustamante
<mask> is among the promising Latin pop singers who emerged in Spain in the early 2000s. <mask>'s breakthrough was in the TV hit Operación Triunfo in 2001.This show broke ratings records as well as dominated the top position of the CD sales charts during its 5-month run. The singer was in his late teens when he became the third finalist of this successful contest. <mask> went on to sign with Vale Music Spain and Universal Music Latino. His debut album, Bustamante, was released in Spain in May 2002 and in Latin America and the United States in 2003. The album became a big seller, thanks in part to the singles "Además de ti", "El aire que me das" or "Dos hombres y un destino". Another highlight of that album was "Perdóname", a duet with Puerto Rican pop star Luis Fonsi. He followed the promotion with a successful summer tour with over 70 concerts throughout Spain.2004–2005: Así soy yo and Caricias al alma
In 2004, <mask> followed up his first album with his sophomore outing, Así soy yo (That's the way I am), which was – for the most part – produced by the well-known Emilio Estefan in Miami. It was also in 2004 that <mask> recorded the intoxicating theme song of "Gitanas", a superb, highly thought-provoking telenovela (Latin soap opera) that was filmed in Mexico and ran on the Telemundo network (NBC's contribution to Spanish-language

masks:
David Bustamante Hoyos
Bustamante
David Bustamante
Bustamante
Bustamante
Bustamante
Bustamante


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 programming) in the United States. <mask> continued with Caricias al alma in 2005. The album was another success in Spain and other countries of Latin America like Venezuela, where it was certificated Gold. Caricias al alma was recorded in Italy and Spain and included the summer hit "Devuélveme la vida". Furthermore, he visited Latin America to promote his music. 2006–2010: Pentimento, Al filo de la irrealidad and A contracorriente
<mask>'s success continued with Pentimento (2006), Al Filo de la Irrealidad (2008) and A Contracorriente (2010) all reaching the top of the Spanish Album chart and going Platinum.With all this albums, <mask> has promoted his music throughout Spain, Latin America and some European countries. He had success with some singles like "Cobarde", "Por ella" or "A contracorriente". During this time, he made several spring, summer and winter tours. 2011–2015: Mio and Vivir
2011's Mio, produced by Christian Leuzzi (Celine Dion's producer) and Mauri Stern reached Platinum status and helped the singer's total sales figures approach the two million mark. Mio includes a duet with the copla, flamenco, pop star Pastora Soler. In 2012 and 2013 he toured Spain and served as a coach on the first and second season of the Spanish talent show El Número Uno. In 2014 <mask> released the studio album Vivir.The first single is the hit "Feliz". During the Christmas break, he presented Fuera de clase, a TV-show on La 1, the flagship television channel of Spanish public broadcaster Televisión Española (TVE). The channel also aired a music TV special gala dedicated to his career on Christmas Eve. 2016–2017: Amor de los dos
Amor de los dos is the ninth studio album by <mask> and it was released in June 2016 by Universal Music. The album reached number one in Spain and features guest vocals from Alejandro Fernández, Edith Márquez and Alicia Villareal. 2018–2019: Héroes en tiempos de guerra
In January 2019, <mask> unveiled his brand

masks: Bustamante Bustamante Bustamante Bustamante Bustamante Bustamante


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 new single, Héroes. In February 2019, he released his tenth studio Héroes en tiempos de guerra (Universal Music) featuring guest vocals from Ana Guerra, among others.He serves as advisor for Luis Fonsi on La Voz (Antena 3). In other ventures, he has released six fragrances with Puig. Music style

He is not part of Spain's nuevo flamenco scene. The vocalist, does, however, incorporate elements of Spanish flamenco and Spanish gypsy music at times – and he has his share of Latin American influences as well, including Afro-Cuban salsa and Colombian cumbia. But <mask> is not a flamenco, salsa, or cumbia artist in the strict sense – his music is Latin pop first and foremost. Romantic pop ballads are one of his strong points. Some of <mask>'s admirers have described him as a Spanish equivalent of Ricky Martin or salsa romantica star Marc Anthony — both of whom are, to a degree, valid comparisons, although <mask> has a recognizable style of his own and sings with a distinctively Spanish accent.Because of the way he pronounces certain words, anyone who speaks Spanish will be able to tell that <mask> is from Spain instead of Latin America. He has been compared in style with other artists like Enrique Iglesias, Luis Fonsi or Cristian Castro. <mask> only uses his last name as a recording artist. Personal life
On 22 July 2006 he married the Spanish actress and model, Paula Echevarría in the Basílica de Santa María la Real de Covadonga in Asturias. On 17 August 2008, the couple's first child, a girl, was born whom, they called Daniella <mask> Echevarría. The couple divorced in March 2018. Since 2018, <mask> is in a relationship with the Russian dancer, Yana Olina.Discography

Studio albums

References

External links
<mask> - Official Website

1982 births
Living people
People from the Western Coast of Cantabria
Singers from Cantabria
Star Academy participants
Operación Triunfo contestants
21st-century Spanish singers
21st-century Spanish male

masks:
Bustamante
Bustamante
Bustamante
Bustamante
Bustamante
Bustamante
Bustamante
David Bustamante


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<mask> (born January 6, 1981) is a German-Indonesian composer, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer. Known under the stage name Keenhouse, he produces electronic music covering a wide spectrum including synthwave ambient and house music. Group and production work

As a writer, arranger, and producer <mask> has been active in a variety of musical styles that range from jazz and bossa nova to electronic and soundtrack music. He has worked with Japanese new-age producer Osamu Kitajima, rock producer John Ryan, disco producer Luxxury, and vocalist Maiya Sykes of Postmodern Jukebox. Works with Osamu Kitajima feature him mainly as a pianist and arranger on the studio album Make Over by the bossa nova duo MAKE. The duo consisted of singer Mayumi Kaneyuki and <mask>ty. The album was produced for Japanese label Up-Front Works/Zetima and released in 2007.Further works with Osamu Kitajima include the album Forever Tonight by jazz singer Amber Quinteiro featuring him as a pianist and arranger next to jazz musicians Brian Bromberg, Tim Emmons, and Clayton Cameron. The album was co-produced by Osamu Kitajima and John Ryan for King Records and released in 2007. <mask>ty co-produced the album The Last Seduction with disco producer Luxxury on which he is also featured as Keenhouse on the track "Terry Richardson". The album was released in 2012 by Los Angeles-based label Manimal Vinyl. Remix works include collaborations with Los Angeles-based radio personality Raul Campos for several remixes including Femi Kuti’s "Do You Know" and the track "To Die In L.A." by West Indian Girl. As a composer and songwriter he has contributed soundtrack music for the movie Saidoweizu (a Japanese version of the movie Sideways) together with duo Make and the 2003

masks:
Ken Rangkuty
Ken Rangkuty
Ken Rangku
Ken Rangku


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 film Shade. He was commissioned to write compositions for Microsoft's launch campaigns for the game "The Vanishing Point Game" in 2007.The events featured original music synchronized with projections and a fireworks shows taking place at The Fountains of Bellagio in Las Vegas and Lake Union Seattle. As Keenhouse

Keenhouse's productions have been described as being rooted in a retro influenced style of electronic music while aiming to steer clear of trends and labels. In a piece for Impose Magazine he described his music to be deeply informed by retrospective imagery and futurism. As Keenhouse he has been active since 2008 when his music was first featured by French Artist collective and label Valerie Collective. The debut album Civic Transit was released on Sunlinxx Records and re-released as a special edition on Japanese label Nurbs/Thistime Records. The album saw initial success with fans of Synthwave and retrowave as tracks such as "Deep In The Forest" and "Mecho Maniac" became widely spread on music blogs. Several album tracks have been featured in TV shows such as MTV's Styl’d and Real World series.Shortly after the album release Keenhouse joined Los Angeles based collective Binary. The collective helped to establish a retro-influenced Synthwave sound dubbed "dreamwave". Eventually a connection between both the Valerie and Binary collectives was built that helped to spread the Synthwave genre on the US west coast. The term dreamwave was eventually picked up by Pitchfork and ABC News and helped to popularize a style of non-DJ centric electronic music production and live performances. Along with fellow artists Nightwaves, Fabian, and LexiconDon live-sets were mostly delivered using band settings and live vocals. In 2012


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 Keenhouse released his second studio album Four Dreams in collaboration with Binary Records. The album was described as a complex mix between 1980s influenced synth pop, ambient music, and contemporary house music.The album was a released as a double vinyl LP and features 12 tracks using electronic music as a story telling device. In 2015 Keenhouse released his third album A Future Past. Vice's online magazine Noisey described the album as his most organic to date mixing "futuristic impressionism" with surrealism while combining brass and string sections with synth programming. Buzzbands L.A. described the 15-track album as his most ambitious work mixing classical instrumentation with electronic productions. The album features singer Maiya Sykes on the track "Rise and Fall", artwork by Japanese multimedia artist Shinya Sato, and was released as a 24bit/96kHZ high resolution audio version. A remix version of the album was released by German future pop label Emerald & Doreen the same year. As a remixer Keenhouse has remixed such artists as Japanese producer Shinichi Osawa, West Indian Girl, College, Fitz and the Tantrums, and Housse De Racket.Discography

As Keenhouse

Studio albums
2008: Civic Transit (Sunlinxx Records)
2009: Civic Transit Limited Edition (Nurbs/Thistime Records)
2012: Four Dreams (Binary Entertainment, Sunlinxx Records)
2015: A Future Past (Sunlinxx Records)
2015: A Future Past Remixed (Emerald & Doreen)

EPs
2011: The Summer Society (Sunlinxx Records)
2012: Better Days (Sunlinxx Records)
2013: Flex (Repressure Recordings)

Singles
2008: Mecho Maniac (Sunlinxx Records)
2008: Deep In The Forest (Valerie and Friends Compilation, Grand Blanc / Endless Summer Recordings)
2009: Ari-es (Binary Entertainment)
2011:


texts:
<mask> (born 31 December 1985) is a  Dutch singer, television host, and actor. <mask> mostly sings songs in the Dutch language, in a genre known as Volendam music. In addition to his solo career, in 2015 <mask> joined the schlager trio KLUBBB3, and in 2017 The Toppers. As a TV presenter, he has worked on programs like the Beste Zangers (Best Singers in the Netherlands) and Sterren Muziekfeest op het Plein (Music Festival on the square.) Since 1999, <mask> has been serving as an ambassador for the SOS Children's Villages, and is  a member of the board for the football club FC Volendam. Career

1996–2004: International success as <mask> began his music career in Volendam where he sang in a boys' choir called De Zangertjes van Volendam. <mask> was discovered at the age of ten, when the famous Dutch band BZN asked him to participate in a duet with one of their lead singers, <mask>.They recorded the song Mama which was very successful. Because of this success, he was asked to record a solo song, which was produced by three members of BZN, titled Ik Zing Dit Lied Voor Jou Alleen (I sing this song just for you). The song entered the Dutch charts at number one, something that had never before happened in the history of the Dutch Charts (Nederlandse Top 40). In the following two years, <mask> <mask> had five more hits including Pappie, Waar Blijf Je Nou (Daddy, where are you now). All songs were written by BZN members <mask> (singer), Jack Veerman and <mask>. <mask> was also able to achieve success outside of the Netherlands, in Belgium, Germany, Austria, Italy and France. For a while <mask> focused on and performed more often in Germany, where working legislation for minors was less strict, therefore allowing him to perform more.In the Netherlands minors can only perform a couple of times a year. While performing in Germany, he became one of the best-selling Dutch acts abroad. He released ten records sung in German. In 2001 <mask>, BZN and their producers received the Exportprijs

masks:
Jan Smit
Smit
Smit
Smit
Janje Smit Jantje Smit
Smit
Carola Smit
Jantje
Smit
Jan Keizer
Jan Tuijp
Smit
Smit
Smit


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 for being the bestselling Dutch artists abroad. 2005: <mask> <mask>
In 2005 <mask> changed his stage name from <mask> <mask> to <mask>. Starting on 25 March 2005, he appeared in his own reality show Gewoon Jan <mask> (Just Jan Smit), which was a reality TV show and followed his everyday life. Later that year, the show won the Gouden Televizier-Ring {Golden Televizier Ring).<mask> started focusing more on being a presenter, and alongside Belle Pérez, he presented the TROS program Muziekfeest op het Plein (Music Festival on the Square). In the next few years <mask>'s popularity kept growing, as he scored hit after hit. Songs like Als de Nacht Verdwijnt (When the Night Disappears), and Laura, which reached number one in the Single Top 100. On 15 March 2006, <mask> was awarded the Edison Award in the Amsterdam Melkweg as Best National Singer for his album Jansmit.com. On 8 September 2006 the second season of Gewoon Jan Smit (Just Jan Smit) launched. In this season, unlike the first one, most of the attention focused on the singer's environment. In 2006 <mask> had his third and fourth number one hits on the Dutch charts.Als de Morgen is Gekomen (When the morning has arrived), stayed on top of the chart for 6 weeks, and in December Cupido also reached number one. In September 2006, C & A stores started including a clothing line named after <mask>. The collection was called J-style and revolved around some of his personal clothing choices. In 2007, <mask> had his fifth number one hit with Op Weg Naar Geluk (On the road to happiness). At the end of September 2007, <mask> returned to television with a new reality TV show titled <mask>, de Zomer Voorbij (<mask> Smit, After the Summer). In the autumn of 2007 <mask> released a new single titled Dan Volg Je Haar Benen (Then you follow her legs). The single hit the charts in November, and became his sixth number one hit in the Netherlands.The single also contained a song called Calypso, which is a duet with US singer John Denver. In

masks:
Just Jan
Smit
Smit
Jantje
Smit
Jan Smit
Smit
Smit
Smit
Jan Smit
Jan Smit
Jan Smit
Smit
Smit
Jan Smit
Jan
Jan Smit


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 2008, <mask> went on tour in the Netherlands. The tour was called Jan Smit Komt Naar Je Toe (<mask> comes to you). 2007: Vocal problems
In mid-October it was announced that <mask> could not perform at least until the end of November. He had health issue with his vocal cords. All performances were cancelled until 29 November. Because of his health issues, <mask> missed his scheduled performances at Symphonica in Rosso and the TMF Awards, but he did appear to receive the award for best Dutch pop-act at this event.In November <mask> underwent a surgery, and he was not allowed to sing for half a year. This meant that both his work as a presenter for TROS pocket and his new album were put on hold. The tour Jasn Smit komt naar je toe (<mask>mit comes to you) was also rescheduled. After eight months out of the public eye, <mask> made his comeback at the Museumpleinconcert (Museum Square Concert) on Koninginnedag (Queen's Day) in 2008. 2008–2015: The Bombardment and 15th anniversary
On 14 July 2008 <mask> released his single Stilte in de Storm (Silence in the storm) which entered the Single Top 100 at the top spot. It was his seventh number-one song. In the fall of 2008 he was featured in a new season of <mask>, de Zomer Voorbij (Jan Smit, After the Summer), and was chosen as team captain in the program Te Leuk Om Waar Te Zijn (Too cute to be Real).On 8 November 2008, Als je Lacht (When you smile) was released and became his 8th number 1 hit in the Netherlands was. On 28 February 2009 his 9th number 1 hit was Je Naar in de Sterren (Your name in starlight). Although <mask>'s popularity kept growing in The Netherlands, his popularity in Germany waned. <mask> blamed this on the fact that the German audience prefers true Schlager music or pop music, while <mask>'s style is something in between, which the Germans were not keen on. In the meantime, <mask> stopped presenting television programs. In July 2009 he released a duet with Surinamese singer Damaru (singer) titled Mi Rowsu

masks:
Smit
Jan Smit
Smit
Smit
Smit
Jan S
Smit
Smit
Jan Smit
Smit
Smit
Smit
Smith


texts: (Tuintje in mijn hart), released to benefit SOS Children's Villages. The song reached the number one spot in both The Netherlands as well as Suriname.On 3 September 2009 <mask> presented for the TROS the first episode of the program Ik Weet Wat Jij Deed (I know what you did). In addition, the third season of <mask>mit, de Zomer Voorbij (<mask>mit, After the Summer) premiered on 20 September 2009. This time the series was shot in Italy. <mask>'s next single Leef Nu Het Kan (Live while you can) entered the Single Top 100 at the number one spot on 6 March 2010. After The Beatles and Marco Borsato, <mask> is the artist that has been the longest at number 1 in The Netherlands in the history of the weekly charts (1960–present). In April 2010, <mask> was elected to be the Dutch mascot for Amarula. <mask>'s single Terug in de Tijd (Back in the Days) of his album Leef (Live) entered the charts on 19 June 2010 and reached the second position a week later, its highest position.His next song, Zie Wel Hoe Ik Thuis Kom (I will figure out how to get home) reached number one on 25 September 2010 in the Dutch Single Top 100. On 15 January 2011 his song Niemand Zo Trots Als Wij (No one as proud as we are) entered the charts at number one. On 30 September 2011 <mask> released Hou Je Dan Nog Steeds Van Mijn (Do you still love me) and a month later the collection 15 Jaar Hits (15 years of hits). The single again reached the highest position in the Top 100 after just one week. During the RTL-4 program Koffietijd Smit received a gold record for selling 10,000 copies. Eddy Veerman released a biography, titled Het Geheim van de Smit (The Secret of Smit). From 2011, he and Cornald Maas commentator for the Eurovision Song Contest on behalf of the AVROTROS.In 2012 <mask> celebrated his 15th anniversary of being in show business. In August, he released the album Vrienden (Friends), which was awarded a platinum record. <mask> also had three number one hits in 2012: 1. Echte Vrienden (True Friends), a

masks:
Smit
Jan S
Jan S
Smit
Smit
Smit
Smit
Smit
Jan Smit
Smit


texts: duet with Gerard Joling, 2. the song Altijd Naar (Always There) and 3. Sla Je Armen Om Me Heen (Wrap your arms around me), a duet with Roos van Erkel. As part of the anniversary celebration <mask> performed five concerts in Rotterdam Ahoy, with guest appearances by Gerard Joling, Yes-R, Carola <mask> and Damaru. In 2012 a biography was published chronicling <mask>'s life.Towards the end of 2012 he starred in the film Het Bombardement (The Bombardment). On the day the film was released both critics and audiences panned the movie, but it was noted that <mask>s acting debut "was the least of the problems of the whole movie". However, since more than one hundred thousand people went to see the film in the cinema it still managed to be awarded with a golden film status. Since 2012 <mask> has been the presenter of De Beste Zangers van Nederland (The Best Singers of The Netherlands). Each episode features a central singer, whom selects songs for other participants to sing. The featured singers does not perform themselves, but instead judges the other singers. On 4 June 2016 there was a special edition of the program, the featured guest was not one of the singers, but <mask> himself.This episode was a tribute to <mask> because he was celebrating his 20 year anniversary of being in show business. In 2012 <mask> launched the record label Vosound Records together with Jaap Buijs. Other artists on the label are <mask>'s sister Monique <mask>, Tim Douwsma and Gerard Joling. Additionally in 2012 <mask> was awarded the TrosKompas Oeuvre Award. At the end of February 2013 <mask> published the DVD and double CD and DVD Live in Ahoy, Jubilee Concert 2012. On 17 March 2013 <mask> returned to German television after a seven year absence. In the ARD program Das Frühlingsfest der 100,000 Blüten <mask> presented his single "Bleiben wie du bist" (Stay who you are).After the TV appearance the single was available to download for free download for 48 hours. After six minutes, the site crashed due

masks:
Smit
Smit
Jan Smit
Smit
Smit
Smit
Jan Smit
Smit
Smit
Smit
Smit
Smit
Jan
Smit


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 to the amount of requests. A list of hit songs called "Volendammer Top 1000" was created by a large number of local television and radio stations in Northern Holland, in which <mask> had more than 70 entries. As in 2011, <mask> had three nights at the Amsterdam Arena during Toppers in Concert 2013. In 2014, <mask> played a supporting role in Cops Maastricht. In 2015 Jaap Buijs died. because of this <mask> skipped a season of hit hit show De Zomer Voorbij (Passed the Summer) as well as presenting Muziekfeest of het Plein (Music Festival on the Square) in Heerenveen (broadcast on 14 and 18 August) which instead was presented by Frans Duijts since this episode was recorded in the week Jaap Buijs died and <mask> did not consider it appropriate to stand on a square full of people in party-mode.In November 2015 <mask> released a new Christmas album. The album titled Kerst Voor Iedereen (Christmas For Everyone) contains eight Christmas classics and four new Christmas songs. 2016–present: KLUBBB3, Toppers and Eurovision Song Contest

Solo career

In 2016 <mask> celebrated being in show business for 20 years. He started touring the country in September with his Elfsteden Tour (Eleven City Tour). In 2017 he released the DVD Live in HMH. His jubilee album 20 made it to number 1 in the Album Top 100. He was set to present the show Gouden Televizier-Ring Gala, but he withdrew from the engagement because he was nominated for one of the awards for his contribution to Beste Zangers.In March 2018 he appeared for the first time in his career at the Sportpaleis in Antwerp. He released his new album Met Andere Woorden (In Other Words) on September 20, 2018. For this album he invited several famous Dutch artists to write song for him, including <mask> (singer), Barry Hay, Guus Meeuwis, BLØF and Frank Boeijen. He supported the project with a theater tour through The Netherlands and Flanders. Klubbb3

<mask> worked on resurrecting his career in Germany for a third time. Jaap Buijs' last project

masks:
Smit
Smith
Smith
Smit
Jan Smit
Smit
Smit
Jan Keizer
Smit


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 before he died was to include <mask> in a schlager trio with German Florian Silbereisen and Flemish singer Christoff De Bolle called Klubbb3. The debut album Vorsicht unzensiert!reached the top 10 in Germany, Austria and Belgium and also charted in the Netherlands and Switzerland. The debut single Du schaffst das schon reached the charts in several countries. On January 10, 2016 the band was awarded the smago! Award, an important prize in Germany schlager music. On 7 January 2017 they were awarded the prize Die Eins der Besten in the category Band des Jahres (Group of the Year). The award was presented during the ARD-televisieshow Schlager-Champions - Das große Fest der Besten. In early 2017 when they released their album Jetzt Geht's Los Richtig it entered the charts in Germany at number 1, number 2 in Austria and number 3 in Switzerland.Their Dutch single Het Leven Danst Sirtaki (Life Dances the Sirtaki), reached number 1 in the Single Top 100 after their performance on RTL Late Night. In May 2017 during Schlager Countdown - Das Große Premier Fest the trio received a platinum record for their first album Vorsicht Unsensiert and a gold record for their second album Jetzt Geht's Los Richtig!. From March 2017 KLUBBB3 toured with Das Grosse Schlager Fest - Die Party des Jahres (The Party of the Year) through Germany, Austria and Belgium. The Toppers
The Toppers is one of the most successful vocal band in the Netherlands, consisting of René Froger, Jeroen van der Boom, and Gerard Joling. They have performed a series of concerts every year since 2005 in the Amsterdam ArenA. During performances the De Toppers repertoire, consists mostly of a mix of covers and original material. In 2011 Gordon joined the group.In 2011 and 2013, <mask> was a guest artist for the Toppers in Concert series for six nights in the Amsterdam ArenA. In September 2016 <mask> spoke on radio 100% NL about his love for The Toppers. <mask> also indicated if any of the Toppers' men were to leave the group,

masks: Smit Smit Smit Smit


texts:
 he'd be willing to take over. A few hours later, Jeroen van der Boom posted a video on Facebook that he and Gerard Joling supposedly had auditioned <mask> for The Toppers. On 21 February 2017 it was announced that <mask> would join De Toppers as a member. In the Toppers in Concert - Wild West, Home Best Edition <mask> was gradually introduced to become a full member of the group. Television work
<mask> has hosted shows for the TV station TROS.He has also been one of the commentators for Dutch TV alongside Cornald Maas for the Eurovision Song Contest. On 4 December 2019, it was announced that he would be one of the three presenters of the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 in Rotterdam alongside Chantal <mask> and Edsilia Rombley. Eurovision 2020 was later cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On 16 May 2020, the planned date of the Eurovision final, an alternative program was broadcast called Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light. The program was broadcast in 46 countries, and was hosted by <mask>, <mask> and Rombley. <mask> was later confirmed to host the 2021 contest, alongside <mask>, Rombley, and Nikkie de Jager, which was broadcast in May 2021. He has also been named to the selection committee for the Dutch entry to the Eurovision Song Contest 2022.<mask> was a coach on The Voice of Holland on it’s 2020-2021 season. He was replaced by Glennis Grace the next season. Personal life
<mask> has two sisters, one of whom, Monique, like her brother, sings Dutch songs. From 2007 to 2009, he was in a relationship with actress and presenter Yolanthe Cabau. He lived with Cabau van Kasbergen for several months. Since 2009, <mask> has been in a relationship with Liza Plat. The two got married on 11 November 2011 on the island of Sint Maarten.<mask> and Plat have two children, a daughter and a son. In December 2013, <mask> joined the board of FC Volendam. He is responsible for the general affairs of the club. On April 24, 2020 he received the honor of being an Officier in de Orde van

masks:
Jan Smit
Smit
Smit
Smit
Janzen
Smit
Janzen
Smit
Janzen
Smit
Smit
Smit
Smit
Smit


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<mask> ( <mask>, formerly known as <mask>; born June 6, 1961) is an American animal rights activist and CEO of Big Cat Rescue, a non-profit animal sanctuary based near Tampa, Florida. She has attracted the attention of local, national, and international media outlets to the plight of captive big cats. <mask> drew public attention when she was featured in the 2020 Netflix true crime documentary series Tiger King, which follows <mask>'s escalating feud with Oklahoma-based private zoo owner Joe Exotic. Following the release of the series, <mask> received abuse online due to the third episode of the series speculating that <mask> was involved in the disappearance of Don Lewis, her second husband. <mask> refuted these claims in a post on Big Cat Rescue's website. Her catchphrase, "Hey all you cool cats and kittens!" also became a meme as a result of Tiger King.<mask> is also well known for her appearance on Dancing with the Stars, featuring her dancing to a cover of the song "Eye of the Tiger". She and her husband Howard also appeared in the 2021 Louis Theroux documentary Shooting Joe Exotic. Early life
<mask> Jones was born on June 6, 1961, on the Lackland Air Force Base in Bexar County, Texas. She expressed an interest in saving cats when she was nine, but she decided against pursuing a career in veterinary medicine after she learned that veterinarians euthanize animals. At age 14, <mask> reports having been gang raped by three men who lived across the street from her house, claiming that she received no emotional support from her conservative Christian family. She dropped out of high school and left home with a local roller rink employee. <mask> then hitchhiked back and forth between Florida and Bangor, Maine, sleeping under parked cars.She later purchased a Datsun truck and slept in the back with her pet cat. Career

Animals

At the age of 17, <mask> worked at a Tampa, Florida, department store. To make money, she began

masks:
Carole Baskin
Carole Stairs Jones
Carole Murdock
Baskin
Baskin
Baskin
Baskin
Baskin
Baskin
Carole Stairs
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 breeding show cats and used llamas for a lawn trimming business. In January 1991, <mask> married her second husband, Don Lewis, and joined his real estate business. The couple founded Wildlife on Easy Street, an animal sanctuary near Tampa for big cats, in 1992. Originally, <mask> and her husband bred tiger cubs and show cats, but stopped after realising the harm it was doing the animals. <mask> remains the current chief executive officer of the sanctuary, which she renamed to Big Cat Rescue sometime after Lewis's disappearance in 1997.She has used social media such as Facebook and YouTube and her "The Cat Chat" podcast to promote activism against private zoos. Dancing with the Stars
In 2020, <mask> was cast in season 29 of Dancing with the Stars. On the series' September 14 season premiere, she danced a paso doble with partner Pasha Pashkov to Survivor's "Eye of the Tiger" and they received score of a 11 out of a possible 30, the lowest cumulative score of the evening. Personal life

Relationships
<mask> moved in with Michael Murdock, her boss at the Tampa department store where she worked, when she was 17. The couple married on April 7, 1979. <mask> has said that she never loved Murdock and married him only because her parents were disappointed that they had been living together outside of marriage. She became pregnant soon after, and daughter Jamie Veronica Murdock was born on July 16, 1980.According to <mask>, in 1981, when she was 19, she threw a potato at Murdock as he attempted to attack her. She ran out of their home barefoot and met her next husband, Don Lewis, on 50th Street in Tampa. She and Lewis engaged in an affair while both were still married. She became one of Lewis's many girlfriends and substantially grew his wealth by helping him buy and sell real estate in 1984. The pair divorced their respective spouses and subsequently married in 1991. According to <mask>, Lewis was obsessed with sex and would

masks: Baskin Baskin Baskin Baskin Baskin Baskin Baskin Baskin


texts:
 frequently fly to Costa Rica, where he had substantial real estate holdings, to have affairstiming the trips for whenever she was menstruating. In July 1997, Lewis filed a restraining order against <mask>, claiming that she had threatened to kill him; the restraining order was rejected.<mask> claims that he filed the restraining order because she would haul off some of his "junk" property whenever he visited Costa Rica. Lewis continued to live with <mask> afterwards. Lewis told her multiple times that he wanted a divorce, but she did not think he was ever serious about it. She claimed he was diagnosed with bipolar disorder months before he vanished. Lewis disappeared in August 1997 and was declared legally dead in 2002. A dispute ensued between <mask> and the children of Lewis over his estate, with <mask> prevailing as the primary beneficiary. The case of Lewis’ disappearance is still active as of 2021.In September 2020, during the broadcast of <mask>'s appearances in Dancing with the Stars in select Florida television markets, including Tampa, Lewis's family and their attorney ran a commercial spot asking for anyone with information on his disappearance to come forward and offered a US$100,000 reward. <mask> met <mask> in November 2002 at a kick-off party for the newly formed No More Homeless Pets organization. He joined Big Cat Rescue soon after as chairman of the advisory board. He proposed to her in November 2003, and they married in November 2004. In October 2020, <mask> came out as bisexual. Feud with Joe Exotic, appearances in Tiger King and Shooting Joe Exotic
<mask> had a long-running feud with Joe Exotic, the former owner of the Greater Wynnewood Exotic Animal Park in Wynnewood, Oklahoma. The feud began in 2009 when Big Cat Rescue volunteers initiated an email protest campaign against shopping malls that hosted Exotic's traveling cub-petting shows, prompting many malls to cancel the events.Faced with a loss of

masks:
Baskin
Baskin
Baskin
Baskin
Baskin
Baskin
Carole
Howard Baskin
Baskin
Baskin


texts: income, Exotic responded with a pattern of harassment against <mask>, culminating in rebranding his shows with unlicensed facsimiles of the Big Cat Rescue name and logo and a false Florida phone number; in response, <mask> pursued legal action, alleging that Exotic's trademark infringement damaged the reputation of her organization. In 2013, a court ordered him to pay <mask> $1 million in damages, leading to his bankruptcy. In 2020, he was convicted of attempting to hire a hitman to kill her. <mask> was grateful about his imprisonment, but stated in a video on the Big Cat Rescue website that other big cat owners had been prosecuted as well. In November 2019, Universal Content Productions announced that they were adapting a Joe Exotic podcast for television, with Kate McKinnon portraying <mask>. In March 2020, <mask> was featured in the Netflix documentary Tiger King. While filming, she and Howard were told that the series would be "the big cat version of Blackfish" and would help stop cub abuse.They were also told that, while Exotic and the disappearance of Don Lewis would be featured in the series, they would not be the focus. The third episode of the series caused viewers to suspect that <mask> murdered Don Lewis by feeding him to the tigers. Several of the zookeepers featured in the documentary, including Exotic (who had previously made a diss-track referencing Lewis's disappearance in 2015) and Tabraue, believe that she was responsible for his disappearance. After Tiger King was released, <mask> was cyberbullied over her speculated involvement in Lewis's disappearance via Internet memes, including a viral TikTok song parody of Savage referencing Lewis's disappearance and sung by someone doing an impression of Exotic. In response to the abuse she received over being suspected of murdering Don Lewis, <mask> posted an article on the Big Cat Rescue refuting the claims made about her in Tiger King. She called the documentary

masks: Baskin Baskin Baskin Baskin Baskin Baskin Baskin Baskin Baskin


texts: "salacious and sensational", and criticized directors Eric Goode and Rebecca Chaiklin. <mask> and her husband Howard felt betrayed by filmmakers, stating she was told the discussion of Joe Exotic and <mask>'s missing husband were just for context.In a post on the Big Cat Rescue website, <mask> said that the show "has a segment [in the third episode] devoted to suggesting, with lies and innuendos from people who are not credible, that I had a role in the disappearance of my husband Don 21 years ago" and that the series "presents this without any regard for the truth". <mask> has never been charged with anything related to Don's disappearance and has always denied having anything to do with it. To defend his wife, Howard released a message on the DailyBigCat YouTube channel, stating that the claims about her being involved in Lewis's disappearance are nonsense and that Goode and Chaiklin "did not care about the animals or the truth". In response to Exotic's supporters who posted "free Joe Exotic", the <mask>s remarked, "If you sincerely believe that a man who shoots five healthy, beautiful, majestic tigers in the head to make money deserves to be free, we are proud to have you as enemies." In June 2020, a federal judge granted Exotic's former zoo property to Baskin and Big Cat Rescue on the basis that Exotic fraudulently transferred the zoo's real estate to his mother to avoid creditors, particularly <mask>'s judgment against him. Jeff Lowe's zoo operation on the property was given 120 days to vacate the property. Following his licence being suspended in August 2020, Lowe closed the park and denied being responsible for the vandalism.In February 2021, <mask> revealed that she had been asked to feature in a planned second season of the show, but she refused and told the producers to "lose her number". A month later, she was interviewed alongside <mask> by British filmmaker Louis Theroux for the BBC documentary Shooting Joe

masks:
Baskin
Baskin
Baskin
Baskin
Baskin
Baskin
Baskin
Howard Baskin


texts:
 Exotic, during which they discussed Tiger King and the allegations <mask> murdered Don Lewis, which she denied. On November 1, 2021, the <mask>s filed a lawsuit against Netflix and Royal Goode Productions over an alleged breach of contract. They claim that their initial release did not grant the producers liberty to produce derivative works or sequels using the original footage shot of Carol and Howard. The lawsuit requested an injunction to stop the release of the film on November 17, however the same day the suit was filed a U.S. District Judge denied the request. The judge further added that the case would not necessarily entitle the <mask>s to financial compensation. The Federal Court in Tampa Bay also denied a preliminary injunction on November 15, 2021 just 2 days before the shows's premier, after defense attorneys for Netflix said a delay would "hurt marketing momentum" and violate the first amendment, which in this case would be classified "Freedom of the press.”

<mask>, through her company Big Cat Rescue, has lobbied Congress to ban the private trade and ownership of exotic cats.<mask> gave exclusively to Democratic candidates from 2005 to 2016, but since 2017 all but one of her contributions have gone to Republicans. Her only donation to a Democrat between 2017 and 2020 was to Cory Booker's 2020 presidential campaign. Filmography

Television

References

External links

Living people
1961 births
21st-century American businesswomen
21st-century American businesspeople
Activists from Florida
American animal rights activists
American podcasters
American women activists
American women chief executives
American women podcasters
Bisexual women
Businesspeople from Florida
Internet memes introduced in 2020
LGBT businesspeople from the United States
LGBT people from Florida
LGBT people from Texas
People from Bexar County, Texas
Zoo directors
Zoo owners
Victims of cyberbullying
People from Tampa, Florida
Tiger

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Baskin
Baskin
Baskin
Politics Baskin
Baskin


texts:
<mask> OBE (18 December 1910 – 7 March 2008) was a British anti-fascism campaigner and survivor of the Auschwitz concentration camp. He gave regular talks to school children about his experience at Auschwitz, and also wrote a book, An Englishman in Auschwitz. The Holocaust gallery of the Jewish Museum London is dedicated to <mask>'s story. Early life
<mask> was born on 18 December 1910 in Whitechapel in the East End of London, which at the time had many Jewish residents. He had two brothers and three sisters. His mother's family were originally Russian Jews. His mother died when he was two years old, and, aged 5, he went to live in Rotterdam with his father's Dutch parents.He trained as a boxer, and returned to London where he became a barber. He also enjoyed singing, and met his future wife Esther ("Else") van Dam at an amateur operatic society in the 1930s. They married in 1935 at Stepney Green synagogue. After honeymooning in Rotterdam, where his wife also had family, the couple settled there. <mask> joined his father-in-law's bookselling business, often travelling to London. He considered returning to live in England in the 1930s, but decided to stay in the Netherlands after hearing Neville Chamberlain's promise of "peace for our time" on the radio in 1938. His son, Barnett, known as Barney, was born on 17 March 1940.Less than two months later, on 10 May 1940, the Nazis invaded the Netherlands. Second World War
<mask> held a British passport, and had expected that he and his family would be evacuated, but the staff at the British consulate in Rotterdam disappeared and he could not escape. Even so, he expected to remain safe, as the Geneva Convention protected enemy civilians. He gave his money and passport to a non-Jewish friend to keep them safe, But, fearing that Germans may find out that he had helped a Jew, the friend destroyed the passport. <mask> and his family were sent to the Westerbork transit camp on 8 October 1942 to be deported. Despite <mask>'s protestations that he was British, and should be released, he and his family joined 700 others on a train out of the

masks:
Leon Greenman
Greenman
Greenman
Greenman
Greenman
Greenman
Greenman


texts:
 Netherlands in January 1943. Proof of his nationality arrived soon after they left.Greenman described travelling for 36 hours across Europe with no food or water, to the death camp at Birkenau where upon arrival the snow outside the train was littered with suitcases abandoned by people who had arrived before them. His wife and son were taken to one side and were murdered in the gas chambers almost immediately. Greenman was sent in a different direction, one of 50 men selected to be labourers. Greenman was tattooed on his arm with prisoner number 98288, and became a slave labourer. Surviving another sorting after 6 weeks, he worked as a barber, and sang to the kapos in the evenings. He was short – 5'2" or 158 cm – and slightly built, but he later attributed his survival to his physical training and useful skills. He made a promise to God that he would survive and tell others of the suffering in the camps.He was transferred to the Monowitz industrial complex inside Auschwitz (also known as Auschwitz III) in September 1943, where he was subjected to medical experiments. When the camp was evacuated in early 1945, <mask> was sent on a 90-kilometre death march to Gleiwitz, and then taken in open cattle trucks to Buchenwald. There, <mask> found that the camp guards had fled on 11 April, and the camp was soon liberated by the American 3rd Army. Of the 700 on the train from Westerbork, only <mask> and one other man survived. Later life
<mask> returned to Rotterdam immediately after the war, and he moved back to England in November 1945. He took home uniforms and other mementos of his imprisonment. He lived in Ilford, working on a market stall for 40 years, and also performing as a tenor under the stage name "<mask>".After hearing Colin Jordan, the leader of the National Socialist Movement, addressing a rally in Trafalgar Square in 1962, Greenman determined to tell his story to anyone who would listen. Late into his life, he would visit schools to bear witness to the Holocaust, showing them his tattoo and telling them his story. He donated photographs and mementos to the Jewish Museum in

masks:
Greenman
Greenman
Greenman
Greenman
Leon Maure


texts:
 Finchley, which opened a permanent gallery showing his collection in 1995. An accompanying book, <mask>man Auschwitz Survivor 98288, was published in 1996. Into his nineties Greenman was to be found in the museum every Sunday, willing to talk to anyone about his experiences and he also guided tours around the camp at Auschwitz. The museum's collection was merged with that of the Jewish Museum in Camden (now London Jewish Museum), where upon reopening in 2010 Greeman's item formed a permanent gallery, the Holocaust Gallery. He also campaigned against the far right, regularly receiving threats of violence as a result; in 1994, his home in London was attacked.In 1993, he joined the demonstration calling for the closure of the British National Party headquarters in Welling in south-east London. He also actively supported the Anti-Nazi League and Unite Against Fascism. In 2002, aged 91, he demonstrated against a visit to London by far-right Austrian politician Jörg Haider. He received an OBE for services against racism in 1988. <mask> never remarried. He suffered a heart attack in 2006, and received a pacemaker. He died in Barnet Hospital, having contracted pneumonia after an operation on a broken bone sustained in a fall.He was buried at East Ham Cemetery, near his father and two siblings. It was then suggested that a memorial should be erected in Valentines Park peace garden in Ilford. See also
Tex Banwell and Jane Haining: other British inmates of Auschwitz extermination camp

Further reading
 <mask>, <mask> (2001), An Englishman in Auschwitz. Library of Holocaust testimonies. London: Vallentine Mitchell. .

References

External links
 <mask>'s Tale, BBC London, December 2007
 In Pictures: An Englishman in Auschwitz, BBC News, 2003
The Holocaust Gallery at the London Jewish Museum

1910 births
2008 deaths
English anti-fascists
British people of World War II
English Jews
English people of Dutch-Jewish descent
English people of Russian-Jewish descent
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People from Whitechapel
World War II civilian prisoners
Auschwitz concentration camp

masks:
Leon Green
Greenman
Greenman
Leon
Leon


texts:
<mask> (; 12 March 1824 – 17 October 1887) was a German physicist who contributed to the fundamental understanding of electrical circuits, spectroscopy, and the emission of black-body radiation by heated objects. He coined the term black-body radiation in 1862. Several different sets of concepts are named "Kirchhoff's laws" after him, concerning such diverse subjects as black-body radiation and spectroscopy, electrical circuits, and thermochemistry. The Bunsen–Kirchhoff Award for spectroscopy is named after him and his colleague, Robert Bunsen. Life and work
<mask> was born on 12 March 1824 in Königsberg, Prussia, the son of <mask>, a lawyer, and Johanna Henriette Wittke. His family were Lutherans in the Evangelical Church of Prussia. He graduated from the Albertus University of Königsberg in 1847 where he attended the mathematico-physical seminar directed by <mask>, Franz Ernst Neumann and Friedrich Julius Richelot.In the same year, he moved to Berlin, where he stayed until he received a professorship at Breslau. Later, in 1857, he married Clara Richelot, the daughter of his mathematics professor Richelot. The couple had five children. Clara died in 1869. He married Luise Brömmel in 1872. <mask> formulated his circuit laws, which are now ubiquitous in electrical engineering, in 1845, while still a student. He completed this study as a seminar exercise; it later became his doctoral dissertation.He was called to the University of Heidelberg in 1854, where he collaborated in spectroscopic work with Robert Bunsen. In 1857 he calculated that an electric signal in a resistanceless wire travels along the wire at the speed of light. He proposed his law of thermal radiation in 1859, and gave a proof in 1861. Together <mask> and Bunsen invented the spectroscope, which <mask> used to pioneer

masks:
Gustav Robert Kirchhoff
Gustav Kirchhoff
Friedrich Kirchhoff
Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi
Kirchhoff
Kirchhoff
Kirchhoff


texts:
 the identification of the elements in the Sun, showing in 1859 that the Sun contains sodium. He and Bunsen discovered caesium and rubidium in 1861. At Heidelberg he ran a mathematico-physical seminar, modelled on Franz Ernst Neumann's, with the mathematician Leo Koenigsberger. Among those who attended this seminar were Arthur Schuster and Sofia Kovalevskaya.He contributed greatly to the field of spectroscopy by formalizing three laws that describe the spectral composition of light emitted by incandescent objects, building substantially on the discoveries of David Alter and Anders Jonas Ångström. In 1862 he was awarded the Rumford Medal for his researches on the fixed lines of the solar spectrum, and on the inversion of the bright lines in the spectra of artificial light. In 1875 <mask> accepted the first chair dedicated specifically to theoretical physics at Berlin. He also contributed to optics, carefully solving the wave equation to provide a solid foundation for Huygens' principle (and correct it in the process). In 1864, he was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society. In 1884 he became foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. <mask> died in 1887, and was buried in the St Matthäus Kirchhof Cemetery in Schöneberg, Berlin (just a few meters from the graves of the Brothers Grimm).Leopold Kronecker is buried in the same cemetery. <mask>'s circuit laws

<mask>'s first law is that the algebraic sum of currents in a network of conductors meeting at a point (or node) is zero. The second law is that in a closed circuit, the directed sums of the voltages in a closed system is zero. <mask>'s three laws of spectroscopy

A solid, liquid, or dense gas excited to emit light will radiate at all wavelengths and thus produce a continuous spectrum. A

masks: Kirchhoff Kirchhoff Kirchhoff Kirchhoff Kirchhoff


texts:
 low-density gas excited to emit light will do so at specific wavelengths and this produces an emission spectrum. If light composing a continuous spectrum passes through a cool, low-density gas, the result will be an absorption spectrum. <mask> did not know about the existence of energy levels in atoms.The existence of discrete spectral lines was known since Fraunhofer discovered them in 1814. And that the lines formed a discrete mathematical pattern was described by Johann Balmer in 1885. Joseph Larmor explained the splitting of the spectral lines in a magnetic field known as the Zeeman Effect by the oscillation of electrons. But these discrete spectral lines were not explained as electron transitions until the Bohr model of the atom in 1913, which helped lead to quantum mechanics. <mask>'s law of thermal radiation
It was <mask>'s law of thermal radiation in which he proposed an unknown universal law for radiation that led Max Planck to the discovery of the quantum of action leading to quantum mechanics. <mask>'s law of thermochemistry

<mask> showed in 1858 that, in thermochemistry, the variation of the heat of a chemical reaction is given by the difference in heat capacity between products and reactants:

. Integration of this equation permits the evaluation of the heat of reaction at one temperature from measurements at another temperature.Works

 Vorlesungen über mathematische Physik. 4 vols., B. G. Teubner, Leipzig 1876–1894. Vol. 1: Mechanik. 1. Auflage, B. G. Teubner, Leipzig 1876 (online). Vol.2: Mathematische Optik. B. G. Teubner, Leipzig 1891 (Herausgegeben von Kurt Hensel, online). Vol. 3: Electricität und Magnetismus. B. G. Teubner, Leipzig 1891 (Herausgegeben von Max Planck, online). Vol. 4: Theorie der Wärme.B. G. Teubner, Leipzig 1894, Herausgegeben von Max


texts:
 Planck

See also
 Kirchhoff equations
 Kirchhoff integral theorem
 Kirchhoff matrix
 Kirchhoff stress tensor
 Kirchhoff transformation
 Kirchhoff's diffraction formula
 Kirchhoff's perfect black bodies
 Kirchhoff's theorem
 Kirchhoff–Helmholtz integral
 Kirchhoff–Love plate theory
 Piola–Kirchhoff stress
 Saint Venant–Kirchhoff model
 Stokes–Kirchhoff attenuation formula
 Circuit rank
 Computational aeroacoustics
 Flame emission spectroscopy
 Spectroscope
 Kirchhoff Institute of Physics
 List of German inventors and discoverers

Notes

References

 HathiTrust full text. Partial English translation available in Magie, William Francis, A Source Book in Physics (1963). Cambridge: Harvard UP. p. 354-360. Further reading

 Klaus Hentschel: <mask> <mask> und seine Zusammenarbeit mit Robert Wilhelm Bunsen, in: Karl von Meyenn (Hrsg.) Die Grossen Physiker, Munich: Beck, vol. 1 (1997), pp.416–430, 475–477, 532–534. Klaus Hentschel: Mapping the Spectrum. Techniques of Visual Representation in Research and Teaching, Oxford: OUP, 2002. Kirchhoff's 1857 paper on the speed of electrical signals in a wire

External links

Open Library

1824 births
1887 deaths
Optical physicists
19th-century German inventors
Discoverers of chemical elements
Scientists from Königsberg
Spectroscopists
Fluid dynamicists
University of Königsberg alumni
University of Breslau faculty
Heidelberg University faculty
Humboldt University of Berlin faculty
Honorary Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
19th-century German physicists
Rare earth scientists
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Recipients of the

masks:
Gustav Robert
Kirchhoff


texts: <mask> is a French philosopher, working on moral philosophy, political philosophy, philosophy of language, gender studies, and popular culture. She is currently a full professor of philosophy at the University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne and a Senior member of the Institut Universitaire de France, after being a professor at the University of Picardie Jules Verne in Amiens until 2010. She has studied at Ecole Normale Supérieure and at Harvard University. She is deputy director of the Institut des sciences juridique et philosophique de la Sorbonne (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne/CNRS). She has extensively published on ordinary language philosophy (Ludwig Wittgenstein, John L. Austin), moral philosophy (moral perfectionism, ethics of care), American philosophy (Stanley Cavell, Henry David Thoreau, Ralph Waldo Emerson), gender studies, popular culture (TV series), and more recently about democracy and civil disobedience. She is the French translator of most of Stanley Cavell’s work. She has been Visiting Professor at  Boston University (2019) and at Sapienza University of Rome (2019), a Visiting Researcher at the Max Planck Institute (Berlin), Distinguished Visiting Professor at Johns Hopkins University, Visiting Professor at Pontifical University (Lima), and Visiting Professor “Chaire invitée” at the Facultés Saint-Louis (Bruxelles).Since 2019, she has been the principal investigator of the ERC programme


texts:
 devoted to the philosophy of TV series Demoseries. She is member of Editorial/ Scientific Board of Archives de Philosophie, British Journal for the History of Philosophy, Iride, Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale, Multitudes, Espace Temps. She is also a columnist at the French journal Libération. Bibliography

Books
 L'Anthropologie logique de Quine, Paris, Vrin, 1992
 Recommencer la philosophie: La philosophie américaine aujourd'hui, Paris, PUF, 1999 (new enlarged edition, Vrin, 2014)
 Du réel à l'ordinaire: Quelle philosophie du langage aujourd'hui ?, Paris, Vrin, 1999 (translated in English, The University of Chicago Press, 2013)
 Faut-il encore écouter les intellectuels?, Paris, Bayard, 2003
 Une autre pensée politique américaine: La démocratie radicale, de R. W. Emerson à S. Cavell, Paris, Michel Houdiard, 2004
 Qu'est-ce que le care? (with Patricia Paperman and Pascale Molinier), Paris, Payot, 2009
 Wittgenstein: Les sens de l'usage, Paris, Vrin, 2009
 Wittgenstein: Le mythe de l’inexpressivité, Paris, Vrin, 2010
 Pourquoi désobéir en démocratie? (with Albert Ogien), Paris, La Découverte, 201010
 Why We Need Ordinary Language Philosophy, Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 2013
 Face aux désastres: Une conversation à quatre voix sur la folie, le care et les grandes détresses collectives (with Anne M. Lovell, Stefania Pandolfo, Veena Das), Paris, Ithaque, 2013
 Le Principe démocratie (with Albert


texts:
 Ogien), Paris, La Découverte, 2014
 Recommencer la philosophie: Stanley Cavell et la philosophie en Amérique, Paris, Vrin, 2014
 Etica e politica dell'ordinario, Milano, LED Edizioni, 2015
 Antidémocratie, (with Albert Ogien), Paris, La Découverte, 2017
 Nos vies en series, Paris, Climats, 2019
 La société des vulnérables. Leçons féministes d’une crise (with Najat Vallaud-Belkacem), Paris, Gallimard, 2020
 Politics of the Ordinary.Entre compétences et dépendances (coedited with Marlène Jouan), Paris, PUF, 2008
 Normativités du sens commun (coedited with Claude Gautier), Paris, PUF, 2009
 Textes-clés de philosophie du langage (coedited with Bruno Ambroise), 2 volumes, Paris, Vrin, 2009, 2010
 La voix et la vertu: Variétés du perfectionnisme moral, Paris, PUF, 2010
 J. L. Austin et la philosophie du langage ordinaire (coedited with Christophe Al-Saleh), Hildesheim, Olms, 2011
 Tous vulnérables? Ethique du care, les animaux et l'environnement, Paris, Payot, 2012
 La philosophie analytique (coedited with Sabine Plaud), Paris, Ellipses, 2012
 Philoséries: Buffy – Tueuse de vampires (coedited with Sylvie Allouche), Paris, Bragelonne, 2014
 Formes de vie (coedited with Estelle Ferrarese), CNRS éditions, 2018
 Le pouvoir des liens faibles (coedited with Alexandre Gefen), CNRS éditions, 2020
 Concepts de l’ordinaire (coedited with Pierre Fasula), éditions de la Sorbonne 2021

Edited special journal issues
 "Retour du


texts:
 moralisme ?" (coedited with Laurent Jaffro), Cités, 2001
 "Moritz Schlick et le tournant de la philosophie", Etudes Philosophiques, 2001
 "Wittgenstein 1889-1951", Archives de philosophie, 2001
 "Ralph Waldo Emerson: L’autorité du scepticisme", Revue Française d’Etudes Américaines, 2002
 "Naturalisme(s): Héritages contemporains de Hume", Revue de métaphysique et de morale, 2003
 "Politiques de la pornographie" (coedited with Michela Marzano), Cités, 2003
 "Après la structure: Kuhn et les révolutions scientifiques", Archives de philosophie, 2003
 "Usages d’Austin" (coedited with Isabelle Thomas-Fogiel), Revue de métaphysique et de morale, 2004
 "Morale et métaphysique chez G.E. Moore" (coedited with Emmanuel Picavet), Revue de métaphysique et de morale, 2006
 "La contrainte", Actes de savoirs. ), Paris, Éditions du Cerf, 2009 (with Christian Fournier)
 S. Cavell, Qu'est-ce que la philosophie américaine?, Paris, Folio Gallimard, 2009 (with Christian Fournier)
 S. Cavell, Si j'avais su… (Little Did I Know), Paris, Éditions du Cerf, 2014 (with Jean-Louis Laugier)

Articles
 Several publications and papers available on the author's Academia page
 Several papers available on the author's personal website
 Her recent publications and broadcasts are announced on the author's facebook page

Papers in English available online
 "This is us. Wittgenstein and the social", 2012
 "Necrology of Ontology: Putnam, Ethics,


texts:
 Realism", The Monist, volume 103, issue 4, October 2020, pages 391–403
 "Disobedience as Resistance to Intellectual Conformity", Critical Inquiry 45, 2019
 "The Vulnerabiliy of the Ordinary: Goffman, reader of Austin", 2018
 "Voice as Form of Life and Life Form", 2015
 "The Normativity of the Ordinary: Performative Utterances and Social Reality"
 "A Romanticism of Democracy: Emerson, Thoreau, Cavell, Malick"
 "Popular Cultures, Ordinary Criticism: A Philosophy of Minor Genres", MLN Journal | Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012
 "Introduction to the French edition of Must We Mean What We Say? ", Critical Inquiry, vol.37 (2011), no. 4, pp. 627–651
 "The Will to See", Graduate Faculty Philosophy Journal, vol. 34 (2013), no. 2, pp. 263–281
 "The Ethics of Care as a Politics of the Ordinary"
 Interview with <mask> and Albert Ogien on civil disobedience
 Notes on Stanley Cavell

In French
 <mask>r's publications on Cairn.info
 <mask>'s articles in Libération
 Sandra Laugier's articles in Mediapart
 <mask>r's articles in Multitudes

References

1961 births
Living people
École Normale Supérieure alumni
University of Paris faculty
French philosophers
Wittgensteinian philosophers
Moral philosophers
French women philosophers
21st-century French writers
21st-century French philosophers
21st-century French women writers
Philosophers of language
Philosophers of science
20th-century French women writers
Paris-Sorbonne

masks:
Sandra Laugier
Sandra Laugie
Sandra Laugier
Sandra Laugie


texts:
<mask> (, Geórgios II; 19 July [O.S: 7 July] 1890 – 1 April 1947) was King of Greece from September 1922 to March 1924 and from November 1935 to his death in April 1947. The eldest son of King Constantine I and Sophia of Prussia, <mask> followed his father into exile in 1917 following the National Schism, while his younger brother Alexander was installed as king. Constantine was restored to the throne in 1920 but was forced to abdicate two years later in the aftermath of the Greco-Turkish War. <mask> acceded to the Greek throne, but after a failed royalist coup in October 1923 he was exiled to Romania. Greece was proclaimed a republic in March 1924 and <mask> was formally deposed and stripped of Greek nationality. He remained in exile until the Greek monarchy was restored in 1935, upon which he resumed his royal duties. The king supported Ioannis Metaxas's 1936 self-coup, which established the authoritarian, nationalist and anti-communist 4th of August Regime.Greece was overrun following a German invasion in April 1941, forcing <mask> into his third exile. He left for Crete and then Egypt before settling in London, where he headed the Greek government-in-exile. <mask> returned to Greece after the war after a 1946 plebiscite preserved the monarchy. He died of arteriosclerosis in April 1947 at the age of 56. Having no children, he was succeeded by his younger brother, Paul. Early life and first period of kingship

<mask> was born at the royal villa at Tatoi, near Athens, the eldest son of Crown Prince Constantine of Greece and his wife, Princess Sophia of Prussia; <mask> pursued a military career, training with the Prussian Guard at the age of 18, then serving in the Balkan Wars as a member

masks:
George II
George
George
George
George
George
George
George


texts: of the 1st Greek Infantry. When his grandfather was assassinated in 1913, his father became King Constantine I and <mask> became the crown prince.After a coup deposed Constantine I during World War I, Crown Prince <mask>, by then a major in the Hellenic Army, followed his father into exile in June 1917 (see National Schism). <mask>'s younger brother, Alexander, was installed as king by prime minister Eleftherios Venizelos and the allied powers because <mask>, like his father, was viewed as a germanophile. When Alexander I died following an infection from a monkey bite in 1920, Venizelos was voted out of office, and a plebiscite restored Constantine to the throne. Crown <mask> served as a colonel, and later a major general in the war against Turkey. During this time he married his second cousin, on 27 February 1921 in Bucharest, Princess Elisabeth of Romania, daughter of King Ferdinand and Queen Marie of Romania. On March 10 that same year, his younger sister Princess Helen, married his brother in-law from his recent marriage the future <mask> of Romania. When the Turks defeated Greece at the Battle of Dumlupınar, the military forced the abdication of Constantine, and <mask> succeeded to the Greek throne on 27 September 1922.Following a failed royalist coup in October 1923, the Revolutionary Committee asked <mask> to leave Greece while the National Assembly considered the question of the future form of government. He complied and, although he refused to abdicate, <mask> departed on 19 December 1923 for exile in his wife's home nation of Romania. A cold, aloof man, <mask> rarely inspired love or affection from those who knew him, and certainly not from the vast majority of his subjects.

masks:
George
George
George
George
Prince George
Carol II
George
George
George
George