texts:
<mask> (born December 25, 1948) is an American engineer, inventor, and businessman. He is the founder and CEO of Monster Inc.

<mask> graduated from California Polytechnic State University with a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering and subsequently did work in laser fusion for the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. He quit his engineering job in 1974 to play drums for a country rock band. After the band separated, he founded Monster Cable Products in 1979, based on loudspeaker cables he invented and manufactured in his garage. <mask>'s audio cables met corporate resistance at first, because most audio cabling at the time was zip cord provided by audio vendors for free. Sales improved as retailers witnessed audio demonstrations and saw that his Monster-branded cables offered better profit margins than other electronics products. <mask> is credited with building the Monster business and shaping today's audio components market.Early life
<mask> was born in San Francisco, California on December 25, 1948 to Chein-San and <mask>. His parents named him "<mask>" because he was born on Christmas Day. His father worked for China's Central News Agency and <mask> had four sisters. <mask>'s parents moved to San Francisco around the same time the Communist party took power. <mask> took an interest in music as a child; he described himself as having a more diverse taste in music than other kids his age. <mask>'s senior project was an effort to improve the quality of audio from electronics. According to <mask>, his high school experiences were "rough" due to the level of discrimination against Asian-Americans at the time.<mask> attended San Francisco City College, then California Polytechnic State University, where he earned a degree in mechanical engineering in 1971. Engineer and drummer
<mask>'s first job out of college was as a laser fusion design

masks:
Noel Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Noel Lee
Sarah Lee
Noel
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Noel Lee


type: original

texts:
 engineer at a government-run nuclear research center called the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. On nights and weekends he played drums for an Asian country rock cover band called Asian Wood and worked on his home audio equipment. In 1974, Asian Wood was given an opportunity to go on a world tour. <mask> quit his job as an engineer in order to be the band's drummer. Asian Wood's members moved to Hawaii to start their tour, but it was cancelled two weeks later. The promoter wanted a straight rock band without country influences.This left <mask> and his family stranded in Hawaii until they could earn money for travel back home. The band reinvented itself, covering Top 40 popular songs in order to attract work. Asian Wood took on other gigs around Hawaii for 18 months before breaking up. <mask> continued doing solo gigs for six months after that, before returning to the Bay Area for an engineering job with Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. He also worked as an independent salesperson for several small speaker companies in San Francisco. Monster
<mask> is credited with turning the audio cable market into a "profitable cottage industry" and with changing the consumer mindset to see audio cables as a way to improve sound quality. He was awarded the Plus X Lifetime Achievement Award for his role in shaping a market and was named Northern California Entrepreneur of the Year by Ernst & Young.The company he founded became a household name and market-share leader. Monster does not disclose its financials, but industry analysts estimate the company is "hugely profitable." <mask> calls himself the "Head Monster" and calls the company culture the "Monster Attitude." The company, while still best known for audio wiring, now carries 6,000 different products, such as headphones and home theater components. Its products are sold in more than 15,000

masks:
Lee
Lee
Lee
Noel Lee
Lee


texts:
 stores and it owns over 375 patents. Monster became one of the largest employers in the Bay Area. Origins
In the late 1970s, <mask> wanted to improve the sound quality from his home audio equipment.He didn't have very much money, so <mask> experimented with ways to create a better sound by improving inexpensive cabling. At first he worked out of his family's apartment and later in his in-laws' garage, which they rented from family after moving to the Richmond district in 1978. <mask> experimented with different widths, winding methods, and qualities of copper and insulation in audio cables to find an alternative to the zip cord audio vendors gave out for free. He compared different wire constructs, while listening to Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture. <mask> called the 12-gauge audio cable he created "Monster" due to its size. According to Vision Magazine, the first Monster cable was "a low-resistance twin-axial stranded design." <mask> manufactured the cable by hand on a ping pong table and sold it door-to-door.According to <mask>, Pacific Stereo was the first electronics retailer to give him a chance to sell Monster cables in their store. <mask> spent $50,000 in personal savings to demonstrate the cables at the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Chicago in 1979, using a borrowed portion of someone else's exhibit area. <mask> received a positive response at the event and founded Monster, Inc. (formerly known as Monster Cable Products) later that year. <mask> received an order from a Canadian distributor for 30,000 cables. The distributor wouldn't pay until the products were shipped, so <mask> took out a $250,000 bank loan to pay for the production of the cables. According to <mask>, he started the company without business experience or a strategy. <mask> was met with resistance, because the audio industry at the time didn't believe cables made any

masks:
Noel Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee


texts:
 appreciable difference in the sound and wire was generally provided for free.<mask> demonstrated the difference between Monster cables and zip cord to convince consumers that expensive equipment was wasted on cheap wiring. Sales rose as retailers saw high profit margins selling the cables. <mask> provided incentives to retail salespeople to sell the cabling, rather than spend money on advertising. Some critics say this practice creates aggressive salespeople. Establishment and diversification
Within six years from when it was founded, Monster had $50 million in annual revenues and 400 employees. The company's growth was primarily due to Monster training sales staff at electronics stores to bundle the cables with other electronics purchases, an effort the company spent 15 percent of its revenues on by 1998. <mask> kept the company private and grew the business, despite pressure to go public.In connection with his background as a musician, <mask> founded the record label Monster Music in 1999, signing Van Morrison's daughter Shana. Monster created numerous divisions as it diversified into other products, such as Monster Performance Car, Monster Game, Monster Photo and Monster Computer. By 2003, Monster produced more than 1,000 products, including power cords, gaming accessories and cooling products. According to a 2005 USA Today article, <mask> and his company were developing furniture with high-end electronics built-in, wireless products to replace audio cords and a user interface to consolidate the consumer's control of their electronics. <mask> and his son worked with Dr. Dre and Jimmy Iovine to collaborate on the Beats brand of headphones, which was later acquired by Apple for $3 billion in 2014. According to Business Insider, Beats Electronics denies that Monster had a role in the design of the headphones. <mask> said Beats had no engineers on

masks: Lee Lee Lee Lee Lee Lee Lee


texts:
 staff and it spent millions in research and development to get the product started, but that their contract was poorly constructed, giving all the intellectual property to Beats when it wasn't renewed.In 2004, <mask> bought the rights to the San Francisco 49ers football stadium, which was renamed to Monster Park. Citizens and local government protested that a public facility adopted a corporate name and a local ballot was passed to revert the stadium name after the four-year deal with Monster expired. The sponsorship was partially contentious due to a recent layoff of 120 local employees. Personal life
<mask> is divorced with two children. His son <mask>, sometimes referred to as "Little Monster", started working for the company and developed the M-Design product line of high-tech furniture. <mask>'s son later quit Monster and started his own audio company Sol Republic in 2010. <mask> has a degenerative nerve disorder that prevents him from walking without a wheelchair or Segway, which he says was caused by exposure to toxic doses of radiation when he worked as a fusion engineer at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.<mask> enjoys collecting gadgets and has a collection of old sports cars. He enjoys socialising with musicians and counts Carlos Santana and George Benson among his friends. He is a member of the Asian Business League of San Francisco. He donated $75,000 worth of audio cables to the Los Angeles Unified School District. <mask> describes his business ethic as "24/7; sleep when you're dead." He lives in Hillsborough, California. <mask> is also known for throwing large parties at the Consumer Electronics Show and spending time with celebrities at the event.References

External links

1948 births
Living people
American inventors
American businesspeople of Chinese descent
Businesspeople from San Francisco
California Polytechnic State

masks:
Lee
Noel Lee
Kevin Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee


texts:
<mask> (19 April 1800 – 25 January 1861) was a French lithographer, caricaturist and journalist. He was the founder and director of the satirical political journals La Caricature and of Le Charivari

Early life
<mask> came from a small, middle-class, Lyons family. His father, <mask>, was a hatter and wallpaper manufacturer. He enthusiastically welcomed the revolution of 1789. According to Pierre Larousse his ancestors included Manon Roland, Armand Philippon, and <mask>e. After attending school in Lyons and Villefranche-sur-Saône, <mask> studied drawing at the École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts de Lyon. He left his hometown in 1819 to work under the artist Antoine Gros in Paris but returned at his father's behest in 1821 to join the family business, designing fabric for three years.Though this activity did not suit him, it left its mark on his subsequent work. During hard economic and social times in 1824, he took part in a Lyons carnival parade that was deemed seditious; he was arrested, but ultimately charges were dropped. <mask> finally left Lyon for Paris where he reunited with old friends from the workshop Gros. One of them, Charlet, a renowned artist, took him under his wing and introduced him to lithography, a technique spreading in France in the 1820s. <mask> found employment as a lithographer and artist drawing for picture books and fashion magazines. He showed invention by converting a lead chimney to a lithographic machine. He bonded with the liberals and satirists of the day, attended the Grandville workshop (1827), and two years later joined forces with the creators of the newspaper La Silhouette, on which he worked as an editor and designer.While <mask>'s financial contribution to the company was small, his editorial contribution seems to have focused on the organization of the lithographic department, which gave the paper its originality inasmuch as the same

masks:
Charles Philipon
Charles Philipon
Étienne Philipon
Louis Philipon de La Madelain
Charles Philipon
Charles Philipon
Philipon
Philipon


texts:
 importance was given to the illustration as to the text. Whereas La Silhouette previously had no definite political line, by July 1830 it had developed a more aggressive approach. It is in this journal that on April 1, 1830, <mask> published the first political cartoon, " Charles X Jesuit ." On 15 December 1829 <mask> sent his son and business partner, Gabriel Aubert, to set up the Aubert publishing house Aubert, competing with other printing shops in Paris. The Veronique Dodat pass, where the publishing house could be found, was to become in the following years a "place of breathtaking [commercial] war" (Ch. Lèdre). Birth of a business
After the revolution of July 1830, Philipon published on November 4 of that year an illustrated weekly under the title La Caricature.Sold by subscription only, it had four pages of text and two lithographies in a larger format than that of Silhouette. Associated with the creation of Philipon newspaper, Honoré de Balzac wrote in the prospectus and gave it under various pseudonyms thirty articles until February 1832. The journal was primarily designed as an elegant illustrated magazine, with the drawings printed on vellum paper. The lithographs were printed on separate text and tear sheets. At first, La Caricature adopted a non-political attitude before coming to oppose July Monarchy in the spring of 1832. On 1 December 1832, while imprisoned, Philipon published Le Charivari, an illustrated daily with four pages in a smaller than Caricature format. More varied and more "popular" than its predecessor, it was not limited to political caricature.Charivari was the only daily caricature journal of nineteenth-century France. According to the prospectus, Charivari was intended as "comprehensive overview of all the constantly recurring events, by pencil and pen, of all the various aspects of this kaleidoscopic world in which we live." The lithographs are

masks: Philipon Philipon


texts:
 of lower quality than in La Caricature, but better integrated into the text. Thereafter, the presentation of Charivari changed significantly. As the owner of these two newspapers, Philipon retained full control of all aspects of the papers' written and lithographic content. He chooses his collaborators, dealing with suppliers in the market as well as financial management. In an obituary published in 1862, Nadar the credits of "extraordinary lucidity in business" coupled with "inexhaustible fertility of invention and means".Employer of his artist friends, it defines the objectives with them, suggest topics, coordinating text and lithography. He does not hesitate to ask for changes to avoid censorship. To ensure editorial consistency, writing is reduced to a small team of highly dedicated journalists (in February 1834, they are seven Philipon included). The testimony of his contemporaries emphasizes <mask>'s charisma who inspired writers and caricaturists in his employ. Himself focusing on lithographs, his publishing house had an almost complete monopoly on this type of publication as of 1831, with a third of all lithographs published in Paris coming from him. Rise to prominence (1830–1835)

Campaign against Louis-Philippe (1830–1832)

In the fall of 1830 <mask>, as supporter of the Revolution of July, expected much of the new regime. The first issues of La Caricature contained no political charges.Chief editor and friend of <mask>, Balzac, contributed extensively in this period, signing his articles under various pseudonyms. Anti-clericalism, already present in Silhouette, persistently manifested itself in both texts and illustrations. The memory of Napoleon still lived. However, the tone changed in late December 1830 to early 1831, when the law of December 4, 1830 that restored stamp duty and censorship of newspapers was criticized by the magazine. The caricatures then

masks: Philipon Philipon Philipon


texts:
 maintained their political and satirical character as the new regime became increasingly authoritarian, upending the "age of consensus." According to <mask>, caricatures increased the important influence of artists, as had been the case in England for a long time, exposing "the enemies of our liberties." <mask> expressed his disaffection for the regime in a cartoon, Foam of July, published by Maison Aubert (26 February 1831).Better known as The soap bubbles, it shows Louis-Philippe carelessly blowing bubbles that show the unfulfilled promises of freedom of the press, popular elections, mayors elected by the people, no more sinecures etc. Prosecuted for insulting the king, <mask> would be acquitted eventually. He reoffended a few months later with another lithograph, known as The Cosmetic repair (La Caricature, June 30, 1831 ), in which the king is represented as a mason, symbolically erasing the traces of the July Revolution. He was again tried by the Assize Court. November 1831 trial

"First fruit of France"

On trial on 14 November 1831, <mask>, sure to be condemned, defended himself arguing that everything can be made to look like the king, and that he and other caricaturists cannot be held responsible for this resemblance. He illustrated its defense by the metamorphosis by drawing, in four stages, the King's face evolving into a pear. This imagery became a widely used reference and symbol of the revolution, even outside of Paris.The widespread appearance of the pears is well documented by a vast array of people of the times, including William Makepeace Thackeray, Heinrich Heine, <mask>, Stendhal, and Sebastien Peyte, who wrote a book titled Physiology of the Pear, collecting puns and spin-offs of the imagery. Victor Hugo in Les Miserables pays homage to the imagery as a young boy sketches an image of a pear on a wall, when the king helped him finish it and handed him a gold

masks:
Philipon
Philipon
Philipon
Philipon
Charles Baudelaire


texts:
 Louis coin saying, "The pear is on that too." Pears began to represent the regime and its associates, and began showing up more often in both La Caricature and Le Charivari including,

 Daumier's A huge pear hanging by the commoners
 Grandville's The Birth of the Juste- Milieu
 Travies' Mr. Mahieux poiricide
 Bouquet's Pear and pips

Philipon later published an image of a giant pear statue being erected at the Place de la Concorde with the title "The expiapoire monument is raised on the site of the Revolution, exactly where Louis XVI was guillotined." Expiapoire is a portmanteau of expiatoire meaning "expiatory" and poire meaning "pear". He was tried for this piece and the prosecution called this piece "a provocation of murder". Philipon responded with, "It would be at most a provocation to make marmalade". Doomed for closing in August after a censorship law was passed in 1835, La Caricature published the relevant portion of the law's text in the shape of a pear with the legend "Other fruits of the July Revolution".Conviction

At the end of his trial before the Assize Court, <mask> was convicted of " contempt of the king's person ." Arrested Jan. 12, 1832, he had to serve six months in prison and pay a fine of 2,000 francs, to which were added seven months related to other grounds of conviction. He was transferred to the prison Sainte- Pelagie, and home health Dr. Pinel, where the regime is more favorable. The final break with the July Monarchy occurred on 5 and 6 June 1832, at the funeral of General Lamarque, which turned into rebellion harshly repressed. <mask> had just published and signed the "Project for a monument pear Atonement." Fearing for his life, he hid in Paris until the end of the siege. He returned to Sainte- Pelagie 5 September 1832 and was finally released from prison Feb. 5, 1833.Resulting from the bitterness of a regime that "persecuted" him, along with


texts:
 the influence of contacts he met in prison, his positions had firmed. After he had hoped for a "liberalism compatible with monarchy", his position became Republican in itself. But he had never ceased to be ? Philipon proclamation published in La Caricature (27 December 1832), true profession of faith, leaves no doubt about it: " We repeat, we are what we were there twelve years, frank and pure republicans . Who says otherwise is an impostor who says behind us in ambiguous terms is a coward. " Republican commitment (1833–1835)

At the time of his first political cartoons, Philipon had already established contacts with Republican circles . Number of artists who gravitated around him were republican conviction or at least sympathizers.From November 1831 to March 1832, a list of subscriptions is launched from La Caricature, and a second call is made a year later in Le Charivari without much success, the economic situation there is hardly suitable . From 1833 to tighten the links . In La Caricature 11 April of that year, Philipon publishes Bluebeard, white and red by Grandville and Desperet, an openly militant lithography. The advent of the republic is announced in the manner of a tale by Perrault : "The press, my sister, do you see anything coming?". While Louis -Philippe, back ( a subterfuge designed to avoid censorship ), is about to stab the constitution, the herald symbolizing the press carries on its banner the word " Republic " and his trumpet and National Tribune, title two newspapers of the Republican opposition. In 1834, these links are strengthened. To keep a few examples, Le Charivari made fundraising for several republican associations.The same year, <mask> is among the founders of the Republican Journal (February 1834) which he owns shares. At the Hotel Colbert where offices are located Charivari, two Republican newspapers, The National and The Common sense will also


texts: have their neighborhood. This is where stood Gregory, the most prominent Republican printer Paris, which Aubert and Philipon associated as shareholders. These expressions of solidarity are reflected in the lithographs in which the figure of the proletariat is at the center of several caricatures : Ouch therefore proletarian ! by Benjamin Roubaud ( Le Charivari, December 1, 1833) and Do not rub it ! Daumier, published in Monthly Association (June 20, 1834), a supplement created by Philipon to train, by voluntary subscription, a reserve fund . In this lithograph, considered by Philipon as "one of the best political sketches made in France", a typographer full force at the forefront defies away frail figures of Louis-Philippe and <mask>.However, <mask> remain a Republican "patriot" in the tradition of 1789, more sensitive to political freedom only if the working masses. Commitment can not be denied the uprisings harshly repressed Lyon (April 9 ) and Paris (13 April). Several lithographs emerge, including Hercules winner Travies (La Caricature, 1 May 1834) and especially Rue Transnonain Daumier (Monthly Association, September 24, 1834), which refers to the killing by troops of the inhabitants of this street 15 April 1834. "This is not a caricature ," says Philipon, " it is not a burden, it's a bloody page of our modern history page drawn by a strong hand and dictated by an old indignation " (La Caricature, October 2, 1834). July 28, 1835, bombing of Fieschi has immediate consequences : arrest of Armand Carrel at the Hotel Colbert, ransacking offices Charivari, an arrest warrant is issued against Philipon and that Desnoyers prefer to escape and hide . The day before the attack, had published Philipon red number Charivari, real firebrand with as an article a list of men, women and children killed by the troops and the National Guard since 1830. He was accompanied by a lithograph

masks:
Charles X
Philipon


texts:
 Travies ironically titled " Personification of the sweetest and most humane system " ( Le Charivari, July 27, 1835 ), where the body of the "patriots" murdered forms an image of Louis-Philippe back.Philipon be accused of "moral complicity" in the attack. On 5 August 1835, new press laws are presented in the House. At the meeting of August 29, Thiers said: " There is nothing more dangerous [...] that infamous caricatures, seditious designs, there is no more direct provocation to attack " (The universal monitor, August 30, 1835). Caricature ceased publication . In November 1835, Le Charivari is sold for a pittance, but Philipon canned Officer until 1838. Taking stock of five years, he wrote : "I started November 4, 1830 the country's liberal illusions and I arrived in September 1835 in the kingdom of the saddest realities". From political cartoon to satire of manners (after 1835)

If the " September Laws " mark the end of the political cartoon in his " vehement " version Philipon not remains active .In addition to the reissue of La Caricature Caricature became Provisional (1838), also called " non-political cartoon ," he published in Le Charivari series Robert Macaire (1836–1838), the Museum to laugh designs for all cartoonists Paris (1839–1840), the Museum or comic store Philipon (1843), Paris comic (1844), Le Journal pour rire (1848–1855), became the fun Journal (1856), where the proceeds essentially comic satire manners . The purpose of this "library for fun " is to distract and entertain through the creation of " social types " representative, the physiologies, very popular with the public. The most emblematic kinds were illustrated in particular by Daumier (Ratapoil, Robert Macaire) Travies (M.Mayeux), Henry Monnier (Joseph Prudhomme) Gavarni (Thomas Vireloque) . Vogue physiologies was conducive to Aubert House: February 1841 to August 1842, she published thirty-two


texts:
 different physiologies representing three quarters of production in this period. However, it is not always easy to disentangle the social satire of political satire. In this regard, the series of Robert Macaire is highly significant. Composed and drawn by Daumier about ideas and legends Philipon, all met in volume under the title Les Cent and Robert Macaire (1839).The large drawings are reduced and accompanied by a comic and narrative written by journalists Maurice Alhoy and Louis Huart. Emphatically presented as an avatar of Don Quixote and Gil Blas, the character of Robert Macaire, in tandem with the naive Bertrand, embodies in its facets and multiple roles a social type characterized by the term " floueur " master diddle all kinds and emblem dominated by the interest and profiteering society (Marx refer to Louis-Philippe as to " Robert Macaire on his throne"). This " high comedy " that offers the company a particularly cynical and ruthless image is reminiscent of the Human Comedy of Balzac, she would somehow pendant for caricature. In the same period, Philipon published The Floueur (1850), the first series of the Library for fun, the Anglo-French Museum (1855–1857) in collaboration with Gustave Doré, Aux proletarians (with Agénor Altaroche, 1838) and parody wandering Jew (Louis Huart, 1845), inspired by the work of Eugène Sue. Significance of caricatures
Historian Paul Thureau-Dangin, said of Philipon's destructive influence on the power of the King,He knew how to group, launch and inspire those artists which he employed, to inoculate them with his gall and his audacity, furnish them with ideas and legends, brave prosecutions and condemnations, and thus this obscure man became one of the most dangerous adversaries of the new king, preventing the monarch from acquiring that prestige required to truly establish himselfIn 1835, after an attempt to assassinate Louis-Phillippe,


texts:
 an official declared that "there is no more direct provocation for crimes" than caricature. Following the assassination attempt, a new censorship law was implemented, aimed at suppressing further political art from surfacing. La Silhouette

In October 1829 Philipon launched a career in journalism as a co-founder of La Silhouette.He made a minor financial investment and became a contributor without final editorial control. La Silhouette was the first French newspaper to regularly publish prints and illustrations, giving them equal or greater importance than the written text. Each issue satirized political and literary events of the day and included lithographs by the best-known graphic artists in Paris. La Silhouette was published from 24 December 1829 to 2 January 1831. It became the prototype for similar publications published in France throughout the 19th century. La Silhouette was initially known as a moderate journal in a time of intense political debate. Some of the staff had been jailed for publishing works critical of the government while others held more conservative views.Over time, the publication's editorial sympathies became increasingly radical. Strict government censorship prevented La Silhouette from publishing caricatures aimed directly at politicians – except for a small woodcut of the king (<mask> of France) by Philipon that was surreptitiously inserted within the text of 1 April 1830 issue. The newspaper had never included engravings in this way it was overlooked by the censors who were concentrating on the issues' lithographs. The publication caused a scandal – with an intensity that reflected the rarity of political caricature before the Revolution – and the editor was eventually sentenced to six months in prison and fined 1,000 francs. <mask>, who had carefully left the caricature unsigned, escaped the scandal's repercussions. The censors were circumvented


texts:
 in later issues when the editors wrote bitterly critical partisan commentaries and attached them to seemingly innocuous images. In the May and June issues of 1830, this tactic was used to address a variety of political themes through a series of animal scenes by JJ Grandville (Jean Ignace Isidore Gérard).In an issue that immediately preceded the July Revolution, Honoré Daumier contributed a non-specific battlefield image that was given an explicit political message by an editor. He was the director of the satirical political newspapers La Caricature and of Le Charivari, which included lithographs by some of France's leading caricaturists such as JJ Grandville (Jean Ignace Isidore Gérard), Honoré Daumier, Paul Gavarni, <mask>-Joseph Traviès, Benjamin Roubaud and others. The artists would often illustrate <mask>'s themes to create some of France's earliest political cartoons. He died in Paris at the age of 61. Influence
<mask> inspired many other caricaturists, such as Honoré Daumier, <mask>-Joseph Traviès de Villers, Jean Ignace Isidore Gérard Grandville, Paul Gavarni, and Henry Monnier. Daumier spoke about the effect Philipon had on him, saying, "If <mask> had not been behind me to prod me unceasingly like one does to an ox with a plow, I would never have done anything." Playwright Honoré de Balzac called <mask> the "Duke of Lithograph, Marquis of Drawing, Count of Woodcut, Baron Burlesque, Sir Caricature."Gallery

See also

 19th-century French art
 List of French artists
 Freedom of the press
 Media regulation
 The press in Paris during the Bourbon Restoration
 The September 1835 laws

References

External links

 Gallery of La Caricature Lithographs

1800 births
1861 deaths
Writers from Lyon
French cartoonists
French caricaturists
19th-century French lithographers
19th-century French journalists
French male journalists
19th-century French male writers
Artists from

masks: Charles Philipon Philipon Charles Philipon Philipon


texts:
<mask>Jim<mask> (born May 24, 1962) is a social entrepreneur based in Manila, Philippines. He founded the Hybrid Network, a cluster of social businesses that pioneered the "hybrid value chain" concept. Before he became a social entrepreneur, he had a long career in business, as a consultant for McKinsey & Company and CEO of Ayala Land, a publicly listed company. <mask> was recognized by Ernst & Young as the 2012 Entrepreneur of the Year and the 2012 Social Entrepreneur of the Year for the Philippines. In 2013, he was named as one of the Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship's 24 World Social Entrepreneurs of the Year. Early life and education
<mask> was born in the Philippines as the second out of five children. His mother, a member of the Imperial clan in Naga, had a master's degree in English.His father grew up in Manila and worked in government, as the chairman of the BOI. <mask>'s father died when Jim was 14. His late father's final bidding, to get a good education, take care of their mother, and return to the Philippines to help in its development, has been important motivation in Ayala's family life and career. Ayala attended Ateneo de Manila University before continuing his education in the United States. <mask> was a Director (Global Senior Partner) for McKinsey & Company, the world's leading top-management consulting firm.During his 19-year career at McKinsey, <mask> worked in 29 countries, focusing on development work in emerging markets. He helped open nine offices in China and Southeast Asia and was the head of the firm's Asian Energy Practice. <mask> is the only Filipino to have been elected to McKinsey's global partnership. Ayala Land
In 2004, <mask> left McKinsey to become the President and CEO of Ayala Land, the largest

masks:
Jaime "
" Ayala
Ayala
Ayala
Ayala
Ayalayala
Ayala
Ayala
Ayala


texts:
 property developer in the Philippines. <mask> is not related to the Zobel <mask> family that controls the developer. During <mask>'s five years as CEO, Ayala Land experienced a 130% growth in revenue and an 80% growth in earnings. Ayala Land also launched the cities of Bonifacio Global City in Taguig and Nuvali in Santa Rosa under his leadership.During this time, <mask> was added to the Ayala Foundation Board of Trustees. In 2009, he became the Senior Managing Director of Ayala Corporation. Social entrepreneurship
Ayala lived in the Philippines, a country plagued by widespread poverty, for a significant portion of his life. After working in the corporate world for several decades he began to question why he was not spending his energy helping people who need the most help. Ayala realized that most businesses neglect the poorest one-third of humanity. He was quoted in Business World Magazine as saying, "We have to work with the citizens of this country to empower them; they need access to basic things. They need access to food, electricity, health care, clean water."In an effort to empower poor, remote communities throughout the Philippines, Ayala left the corporate world in 2010 to found the Hybrid Network, a cluster of social businesses focused on working together to engage market and philanthropic forces in "hybrid value chains." Hybrid Social Solutions, Inc. In June 2010, Ayala founded the award-winning social enterprise, Hybrid Social Solutions (HSSi). HSSi seeks to provide Filipinos in need with access to high-quality and affordable products and training services necessary for development. HSSi primarily distributes a large selection of durable, warranty-protected solar-powered lights with cell phone charging capabilities, in order to provide a

masks:
Jim Ayala
de Ayala
Jim Ayala
Jim Ayala


texts:
 source of light and communication to off-grid communities. HSSi partners with socially-oriented organizations on the ground in rural areas in order to distribute their products to rural communities, schools, and health units in the Philippines. HSSi is able to provide financing for buyers in need by partnering with microfinance institutions and cooperatives.According to a Planete d'Entrepreneur Social Impact Assessment, 97% of HSSi's customers said it was not difficult to pay back their loan every week. Kerosene consumption decreased by over 81% among HSSi's users, contributing to an average savings of over PhP 4,000 per customer per year. Additional working hours at night, provided by the solar light systems, contributed an additional PhP 17,000 in earnings per years on average. The report also notes significant increases in studying time, motivation, air quality, safety, and time savings after purchasing the HSSi solar light systems. After only two years at HSSi, <mask> received both the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award and the Ernst & Young Social Entrepreneur of the Year Award for the Philippines in 2012. <mask> currently serves as the CEO of HSSi. Stiftung Solarenergie Philippines
Ayala also founded Stiftung Solarenergie Philippines (StS), a Filipino foundation that is a founding member of Stiftung Solarenergie International Network for Rural Development, an international non-profit organization whose mission is to work for rural development and poverty alleviation by providing solar energy in rural and marginalized areas worldwide.As a part of their Light for Education and Light for Health programs, StS Philippines donates solar lights with charging capabilities to local schools and health clinics, rather than individual

masks: Ayala Ayala


texts:
 households. StS provides in-depth trainings and requires that the school or clinic complete weekly monitoring forms. In some cases, StS donates an original set of lights to an off-grid community and works with them to create a rental program, which allows the community to generate enough capital to purchase more lights and continue having access sustainably. <mask> currently serves as the Chairman of Stiftung Solarenergie Philippines. Hystra, Inc.
<mask> is also a network partner of Hystra, a global consulting firm that works alongside social entrepreneurs and large corporations. Hystra works to scale-up innovative ideas and models to help provide the poor with access to essential services such as water and sanitation. Honors and awards
In 2005, Ayala was a finalist for the CNBC Asia Business Leaders Award.In 2012, <mask> received both the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award and Ernst & Young Social Entrepreneur of the Year Awards for his work with Hybrid Social Solutions, Inc. In 2013, <mask> was named one of the Schwab Foundation's 24 World Social Entrepreneurs of the Year. References

1962 births
Living people
Harvard Business School alumni
People from Makati
Businesspeople from Metro Manila
Princeton University alumni
Filipino expatriates in the United States
Ayala Corporation people
Filipino chief

masks: Ayala Ayala Ayala Ayala


texts:
<mask> (August 8, 1926 – August 31, 2017) was an American film and television actor. Among his best-known roles was his portrayal of Oscar Goldman, the boss of Steve Austin (Lee Majors) and Jaime Sommers (Lindsay Wagner) in both The Six Million Dollar Man and The Bionic Woman television series between 1974 and 1978 and their subsequent television movies: The Return of the Six Million Dollar Man and the Bionic Woman (1987), Bionic Showdown: The Six Million Dollar Man and the Bionic Woman (1989) and Bionic Ever After? (1994). Early life
<mask> was born in Long Branch, New Jersey, the son of Olga (née Lurie) and <mask>. He appeared in high school plays after moving to Los Angeles. <mask> served in the United States Army during World War II. Career

Before <mask> began his career in 1950 as a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract player, he studied at the Actors' Laboratory Theatre, which led to work in radio and stock theater.His many films at MGM included The Magnificent Yankee (1950) as Reynolds, The Student Prince (1954) as Lucas, and Forbidden Planet (1956), as Chief Engineer Quinn. Among his later films were the World War I drama Paths of Glory (1957) directed by Stanley Kubrick, in which <mask> played the prosecuting attorney. <mask> played Ricardo Del Amo in the second season of Zorro (1957 TV series), a friend and rival of Diego de la Vega (Guy Williams). He was the object of the unrequited love of Clara Varner (Joanne Woodward) in The Long, Hot Summer (1958) and a suspicious military officer in Seven Days in May (1964). In

masks:
Richard Norman Anderson
Anderson
Harry Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson


texts: the 1960s, <mask> made appearances in 23 episodes of Perry Mason during the series' final season as Police Lieutenant Steve Drumm, replacing the character of Lt. Tragg, played by Ray Collins, who died in 1965. Before he became a Perry Mason regular, he made guest appearances in two episodes: as defendant Edward Lewis in "The Case of the Accosted Accountant", and Jason Foster in "The Case of the Paper Bullets" (both 1964). He also appeared on The Untouchables, Stagecoach West, The Rifleman, Daniel Boone, Thriller, The Eleventh Hour, Redigo, Combat!, Twelve O'Clock High, I Spy, The Man from U.N.C.L.E., The Fugitive (as varied characters in several episodes; in the series' 1967 finale he played the brother-in-law to the protagonist Dr. <mask>); The Wild, Wild West; Bonanza, The Green Hornet, The Invaders, and The Big Valley.In 1961–62, <mask> co-starred with Marilyn Maxwell in an ABC production of Bus Stop. He guest-starred in the last episode of season 1 of Mission: Impossible (1966) as Judge Wilson Chase. In 1965, he played Judge Lander, who clashes over courtroom fairness and frontier justice with a young woman, Kate Melville (Gloria Talbott), the daughter of a sheriff, Will Melville (Dick Foran), in the episode "Kate Melville and the Law" of the syndicated series Death Valley Days. In 1970-71, <mask> starred as Chief George Untermeyer in the Burt Reynolds series Dan August. <mask> first appeared as Oscar Goldman in the second episode of The Six Million Dollar Man ("Wine, Women, and War", 1973). He would portray the

masks:
Anderson
Richard Kimble
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson


texts:
 character through the series' end in 1978 as well as on the spinoff series The Bionic Woman for its entire run from 1976 to 1978. In addition, <mask> guest-starred on other TV series in the 1960s and 1970s, including Hawaii Five-O, Wanted Dead or Alive, Gunsmoke, Ironside, Columbo and The Love Boat.He appeared in the television movie The Night Strangler as the villain, Dr. <mask>. <mask> was just as busy in the 1980s on Charlie's Angels, Matt Houston, Knight Rider, Remington Steele, Cover Up, The A-Team, The Fall Guy, Simon & Simon, and Murder, She Wrote. He played murderer Ken Braddock in the first two-hour episode of the revived Perry Mason, starring Raymond Burr, titled "Perry Mason Returns" (1985), <mask> had a recurring role as Senator Buck Fallmont on Dynasty from 1986 to 1987. He portrayed President Lyndon B. Johnson in the 1987 miniseries Hoover vs. The Kennedys. In the 1990s, he served as narrator and a recurring guest star for Kung Fu: The Legend Continues. He served also as a commercial spokesperson for the Shell Oil Company in the United States, known as The Shell Answer Man."The Shell Answer Man" appeared in commercials from 1976 to 1982. Personal life and death
<mask> was married to Carol Lee Ladd and Katharine Thalberg (daughter of movie producer Irving Thalberg and actress Norma Shearer), with both marriages ending in divorce. He had three daughters with Thalberg. <mask> died on August 31, 2017, from natural causes in Beverly Hills, California. Recognition
In 2007, <mask> was honored with a Golden Palm

masks:
Anderson
Richard Malcolm
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson


texts:
 Star on the Palm Springs Walk of Stars. Filmography

 The Pearl (1947)
 The Vanishing Westerner (1950) as Deputy Sheriff Jeff Jackson
 A Life of Her Own (1950) as Hosiery Man (uncredited)
 The Magnificent Yankee (1950) as Reynolds, Secretary
 Grounds for Marriage (1951) as Tommy
 Storm Warning (1951) as Interne (uncredited)
 Payment on Demand (1951) as Jim Boland
 Cause for Alarm! (1951) as Lonesome Sailor
 Go for Broke!(1951) as Lieutenant (uncredited)
 No Questions Asked (1951) as Detective Walter O'Bannion
 Rich, Young and Pretty (1951) as Bob Lennart
 The People Against O'Hara (1951) as Jeff Chapman
 Across the Wide Missouri (1951) as <mask>
 The Unknown Man (1951) as Bob Masen
 Just This Once (1952) as Tom Winters
 Scaramouche (1952) as Philippe de Valmorin
 Holiday for Sinners (1952) as Father Victor Carducci
 Fearless Fagan (1952) as Capt. (1964) as Sergeant Perkins in the episode "A Silent Cry" on ABC
 Kitten with a Whip (1964) as Grant
 Big Valley (1965) as Dr. Travers (Episode: Last Train to the Fair)
 Seconds (1966) as Dr. Innes
 The F.B.I (1966) as Christian Palmer (Season 2, Episode 8: Collision Course)
 Mission Impossible (1967) as judge in The Psychic
 The Ride to Hangman's Tree (1967) as Steven Carlson
 The Hardy Boys: The Mystery of the Chinese Junk (1967) as Fenton Hardy
 The Invaders (1967) as Blake (Season 2, Episode 5: The Enemy)
 Big Valley (1968) as Nathan Springer (Episode: Fall of a Hero)
 Macho Callahan (1970) as Officer
 Gunsmoke (1970) as Gregorio (Episode: "The War Priest")
 Tora! Tora! Tora!


texts:
 (1970) as Navy Captain John B. Earle
 Doctors' Wives (1971) as D.A. Douglas
 The Astronaut (1972) as Dr. Wylie
 The F.B.I (1972) as Dan Wheaton (Season 8, Episode 4: The Franklin Papers)
 The Honkers (1972) as Royce Owens
 Play It as It Lays (1972) as Les Goodwin
 The Longest Night (1972) as Harry Eaton
 The Night Strangler (1973) as Dr <mask>
 Black Eye (1974) as Dole
 Never Give Up (1978) as US Green Beret Officer
 The Immigrants (1978) as Thomas Seldon
 Murder by Natural Causes (1979) as George Brubaker
 The French Atlantic Affair (1979) as Terrence Crown
 Condominium (1980) as Henry Churchbridge
 Darkroom (1981) as Bill Bellamy
 Kane & Abel (1985) as Alan Lloyd
 The Stepford Children (1987) as Lawrence Denton
 Hoover vs. The Kennedys (1987) as Lyndon B. Johnson
 The Player (1992) as Himself
 Gettysburg (1993) as General George G. Meade
 The Glass Shield (1995) as Watch Commander Clarence Massey
 The Blood Trail'' (2015)

  “Perry Mason” (1964)

References

External links

 Interview, The Spectrum, August 13, 2015
 An hour-long video interview with Retro Rewind covering his career (from 2010)

1926 births
2017 deaths
Jewish American male actors
American male film actors
American male television actors
Western (genre) television actors
Male actors from New Jersey
Male actors from New York (state)
People from Long Branch, New Jersey
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players
Military personnel from New Jersey
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
United States Army personnel of World War II
21st-century American


texts:
<mask>  (26 February 1905 – on or after 4 April 1944) was an economist and socialist intellectual who joined the British Special Operations Executive (SOE) to operate in occupied France during the Second World War carrying out sabotage and spying missions until he was taken prisoner. He was tortured for information and subsequently murdered by the Gestapo. Pre-war life
Skepper was born in Richmond, London, the son of Henry and <mask>. He and his younger sister (Mabel Mary known as Mary) spent much of their early lives in France particularly in Paris, although Skepper studied at Queen Elizabeth's School in Cranbrook from September 1914 to July 1920. He was a highly intelligent student with a deep interest in social justice and a gifted linguist from an early age, he learned to speak perfect French and then German and Spanish. In later life he learned some Russian and good Chinese. Skepper had deeply held political views from a relatively early age being a serious socialist and after deep consideration over a long period he decided that he was an atheist.He was attracted to theoretical communism and became a member of the "Friends of the Soviet Union" a factor recorded by MI5 in London and in the late 1920s travelling by train he made two visits to the Soviet Union. These visits changed his earlier positive views of Soviet Communism and turned him away from that path. His father later stated that after his visits he came to regard communism as fascism under a different guise. <mask> was a student at the London School of Economics (LSE) from 1926 to 1929, earning a Bachelor of Science degree First in Economics his specialist subject was Sociology. Some older sources state that he gained a BA, however they were apparently based on one single source which has since been digitised and corrected. before a brief period as a graduate student during which time he lived in an apartment on Great Ormond Street, in central London. with his sister Mabel Mary <mask> who was also a student at

masks:
Charles Milne Skepper
Mary Skepper
Skepper
Skepper


texts:
 the LSE.He did not complete his doctorate but worked as an assistant teacher of Sociology from 1930 to 1932 when he moved home to 27 Gordon Square also in central London. In 1931 <mask> was awarded a Rockefeller Fellowship. Throughout the remainder of the 1930s he was in a partnership operating from near Paris, trading in antiques and travelling in the trade between France and Beijing where he lived for sometime. He became deeply interested in modern art and purchased paintings by Da Silva, Max Ernst and Edouard Cortes, his collection was stolen from the family home at Rueil-Malmaison near Paris during the Second World War. On 9 September 1932 he applied for a visa to visit the US from his home in Paris and sailed on 24 September 1932 from Le Havre aboard the British ocean liner Samaria, returning some weeks later. On 14 April 1936 he sailed to New York from England aboard the ocean liner Aquitania, declaring himself to be a "Dealer" on a visit to Japan from which he returned sailing from Yokohama for the US on 26 July 1936 aboard the US liner President Jackson with his 61-year-old mother. Travelling to China, he sailed from Southampton for New York again on 2 February 1937 aboard the French steamer Champlain describing himself as a tourist, arriving in New York on 9 February 1937 he crossed the US by railway before journeying onward from San Francisco on 20 March 1937 aboard the US ocean liner President Taft bound for Honolulu.On the final leg of his journey <mask> sailed from Honolulu on 8 April 1937 aboard the US ocean liner President Hoover to disembark at Shanghai. Wartime service
In 1939 <mask> volunteered for military service and was appointed to run the propaganda broadcasting station of the British Ministry of Information in Shanghai. When the Japanese invaded Shanghai, he evaded internment and spent time operating with Chinese guerrillas until he was captured by the Japanese, ill-treated, and sentenced to four years in prison for anti-Japanese activities, having

masks: Skepper Skepper Skepper


texts:
 been accused of helping four American marines to escape. However, he was repatriated when he was included in an exchange of diplomats between the United Kingdom and Japan in December 1941. <mask> returned to England in August 1942. Special Operations Executive
In late summer 1942 he applied to join the Special Operations Executive citing Morris Ginsberg LSE "Martin White Professor of Sociology" as a referee and passing stringent examination and "vetting" he was accepted for "F" (French) Section despite being near the top of the upper age limit. He commenced training at the SOE school based at Wanborough Manor in West Surrey learning aspects of the trade such as navigation, parachuting, killing with and without weapons, behaviour if captured, explosives and demolition, wireless and cyphers, shooting with pistols, sub-machine guns and rifles and familiarity with captured enemy weapons.A report in his file dated 27 March 1943 stated "He has done extremely well in training". To make his position more certain for official purposes on 16 June 1943 he became lieutenant on the British Army "General List" of "non-regimentally employed" officers with the military service number of 270156

With several codenames, including "Henri Edouard Truchot" and "Bernard", <mask> was landed in France by an RAF Special Duties Westland Lysander of No. 161 Squadron RAF on the night 16–17 June 1943 to organise a new resistance and espionage ring in the Marseille region which would be known as the "Monk circuit". to work with the French Resistance in the "Monk Circuit" operating in the Marseilles region. Skepper was flown in with a fellow agent Diana Rowden by the specialist covert operations pilot Flying Officer Jimmy McCairns DFC and 2 Bars MM. It was a double aircraft operation to land a number of agents in the Loire valley seven miles north east of Angers. The two aircraft carried <mask>, Cecily Lefort, Diana Rowden, and Noor Inayat Khan.Three days later he was joined by his radio operator Arthur


texts:
 Steele code named "Laurent" who landed by parachute. Over a period of nine months in the Marseille area he travelled extensively pretending to be an antiques dealer and using a case of his own antique jade objects as cover. <mask> built up an extremely effective sabotage group and organised a number of significant acts of sabotage. <mask> was noted to have always personally led operations and taken on the dangerous role of receiving parachuted supplies from England. Among the many acts of sabotage he led was an attack on a synthetic oil plant regarded as vital to the German war effort. Located at L'Estaque three oil tanks were destroyed and six damaged, he also led the mission to block an important rail tunnel near the Italian border by derailing a train inside the tunnel between Cassis and Aubagne and blew up the cement works used by the German military at Fos-sur-Mer In between these major operations he blew up railway tracks, power lines and damaged railway engines whenever possible

On the night of 13–14 August 1943 a new agent Eliane Plewman parachuted in to Jura to join their team. In the first two weeks of January 1944 Skepper's "Monk circuit" was responsible for damaging 31 railway locomotives, during February 1944 he organised 5 parachute drops of arms, ammunition and explosives and on 6 March 1944 met Jack Sinclair as he parachuted in to join the network before they organised and led a mission which resulted in damaging over 30 railway locomotives in a single day on 15 March 1944.Betrayal and imprisonment
<mask> was arrested with others on 23, 24 or 25 March 1944 (dates vary with sources) in the apartment where he had been staying in Rue Merentie with French friends of the Villevieille family after betrayal by a French national (Bousquet) working for the Gestapo. The traitor was identified and executed after the war. Everybody at the apartment was taken away while Bousquet and the Gestapo made the place look as normal as possible so that they could wait and trap


texts:
 any members of <mask>'s team who visited. On the next day his radio operator Arthur Steele was arrested as was one of his agents Eliane Plewman code name "Gaby" and several French members. No arrests happened other than of people coming to that address which indicates that under torture no names were given away. At the Baumettes prison and at Gestapo headquarters in 425 Rue Paradis Marseille the Gestapo tortured their three British captives by delivering very powerful electric shocks between the eyes and the results were so bad that when the British were seen by French prisoners they were almost unrecognisable. When <mask> was seen in the Gestapo offices in the custody of Gestapo Agent Dunker by Villevielle two weeks after their arrests he also reported being unable to recognise his friend.It is noted that SS-Obersturmführer Ernst Dunker (born 27 January 1912 in Halle) was tried post-war in France for his crimes and executed on 6 June 1950 in Marseille. Fate
Initial reports in his SOE file were that he was killed rather than arrested; there was certainly a serious scuffle during the arrest but later information suggested that he was seized, interrogated and tortured by the Gestapo and probably sent to Germany. In the recommendation for <mask>'s MBE reportedly originally an OBE but later downgraded written by Major General Colin Gubbins the head of SOE on 8 December 1945 he stated that "Captain <mask> was arrested. He was severely tortured by the Gestapo and later transported to Fresnes and then to Compiegne prison. There has been no news of him since". <mask> was one of the few SOE agents whose fate has never been finally resolved. According to his SOE file postwar interviews with the French national who arrested him and with the two Gestapo officers based at Marseille produced no relevant information.<mask>'s death was officially recognised by the War Office on 28 October 1946, where it was recorded as 'Presumed died while in enemy hands on or shortly after 1 April 1944'.

masks: Skepper Skepper Skepper Skepper Skepper Skepper


texts:
 That date may have been much too early. There have been a number of speculations about his death but one possibility is that <mask> was executed in Buchenwald concentration camp in the autumn of 1944. Reports of <mask> in captivity can be found as late as October 1944 when the SOE file noted that <mask> was ""seen in Hamburg". Arthur Steele was executed on 9 September 1944 and Eliane Plewman at Dachau concentration camp on 13 September 1944. but no further news of Skepper could be found. A number of French, Belgian, English and Canadians who belonged to Allied secret services were hanged by the SS in Buchenwald which is where a number of British agents are known from other sources to have met their deaths. It is quite possible that <mask> was executed there.His fate was still unclear to the War Office in December 1945 and he was mentioned in the London Gazette as a lieutenant on the General List still in receipt of pay and allowances (effective 1 November 1945). The <mask> family maintained his apartment (No. D5 Sloane Avenue Mansions) in his name until 1948. For official purposes the date of 4 April 1944 was set as his date of death and as he had disappeared <mask>'s name was commemorated by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission on the Brookwood Memorial to the missing. Several reports state that he died in Buchenwald concentration camp of the effects of the ill treatment suffered at the hands of the Gestapo. Awards
Awarded a posthumous MBE by the British government in the London Gazette 28 February 1946. Awarded a posthumous Croix de Guerre 1939-1945 avec Palme by the French government, the citation for which was issued on 16 January 1946 and signed by De Gaulle, and L'Ordre de l'Armée.Legacy
By 8 May 1946, the first anniversary of VE Day, he was presumed officially dead for the purpose of probate, though the substantive assumption of death was delayed until October 1946. However, although he had died intestate <mask> had left a 'soldier's will' and his estate was

masks: Skepper Skepper Skepper Skepper Skepper Skepper Skepper


texts:
 administered on 18 January 1948, with the administration document simply saying that he had died 'on war service'. His whole estate was valued at £38,035 18s 2d (a huge sum for that time) and his mother then informed the London School of Economics that he had said that in the event of his death, at least part of this should be used for the furtherance of sociology at the School. A bequest of £20,000 (currently worth approximately £500,000-£700,000) was made via a deed of trust, for 'Sociological Research at the School' by the establishment of The Charles Skepper House for Sociological Research with a Research Fellowship and Studentships. Sadly little apparently came of the intended Research Fellowship and Studentships, although the Charles Skepper House project was originally a large facility at LSE's campus on John Adam Street just south of the Strand there is no longer any physical trace of any such facility at LSE and Skepper's name has virtually disappeared. Commemoration
By name on the Brookwood Memorial in Surrey. By name on the SOE F Section Memorial at Valençay in France.There is a commemorative plaque on the apartment building where <mask> and his comrades were captured in 1944. <mask>'s name is commemorated on the LSE war memorial in their Old Building. By name on the British Forces Roll of Honour. Notes
See also SOE F Section networks

Mrs <mask> (mother of <mask>) was appointed an OBE in the Birthday Honours List 1950. References
Notes

Bibliography

British Army General List officers
World War II prisoners of war held by Germany
1905 births
1944 deaths
British Army personnel killed in World War II
Extrajudicial killings in World War II
French Resistance members
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)
Executed spies
Spies who died in Nazi concentration camps
British people who died in Buchenwald concentration camp
British people executed in Nazi concentration camps
British Special Operations Executive personnel
Members of the Order of the

masks:
Skepper
Skepper
Mary Skepper
Charles


texts:
<mask> (born August 27, 1987) is a former American football running back. He played college football for the Arkansas Razorbacks and was selected by the Oakland Raiders in the first round of the 2008 NFL Draft. He also played three seasons for the Dallas Cowboys. At Arkansas, McFadden had a decorated career, twice finishing as a finalist for the Heisman Trophy and as a member of the All-American team. He was highly touted coming out of school, and was picked fourth overall by the Raiders. McFadden struggled with consistency through his career, only rushing for over 1,000 yards twice and never started all 16 games of a season. He retired mid-way through the 2017 NFL season, and was voted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2019.Early life
<mask> was born in Little Rock, Arkansas on August 27, 1987 to Gralon McFadden and Mini Muhammad. The tenth of twelve children, he encountered hardships in his early life with some members of his family, including his mother, having addictions to drugs. He attended Oak Grove High School in North Little Rock, where he was a three-sport star in football, baseball, and track. He played a variety of positions for his football team, but was primarily used as a running back on offense, and a safety on defense. In track & field, he competed as a sprinter and was timed at 10.8 seconds in the 100-meter dash. During his senior season, McFadden was a Parade magazine high school All-American in 2004, as well as the Arkansas High School player of the year for the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. Following his senior year, he was awarded the prestigious Landers Award, given every year to the top player in the state of Arkansas.McFadden was ranked the number 23 player in the nation by Rivals.com and the number three athlete, and was given a five star rating, the highest star rating. He was a highly recruited prospect, and while he garnered interest from many schools around

masks:
Darren McFadden
McFadden


texts:
 the Deep South including Tennessee, Alabama, and Auburn, he chose to end the recruiting process early and attend the University of Arkansas. College career
McFadden received an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Arkansas, where he was a standout running back for coach Houston Nutt's Arkansas Razorbacks football team from 2005 to 2007. 2005 season
In 2005, his true freshman season, McFadden rushed for 1,113 yards and 11 touchdowns on 176 attempts. He was an integral part of an Arkansas offense that ended up going 4–7 with close losses to Georgia and LSU. McFadden tallied over one hundred rushing yards in five games, with his best performance coming on a 31-carry, 190-yard game against Georgia. McFadden followed the Georgia game with a 187-yard effort against the South Carolina Gamecocks.<mask> also completed his first pass in a Razorback uniform in the game against LSU, when he completed a pass to Marcus Monk for thirteen yards on a critical fourth quarter drive. McFadden ended the season with the most yards a freshman running back had ever gained in an Arkansas uniform, and became only the seventh Southeastern Conference player to rush over 1,000 yards as a freshman. He was recognized at the end of the season as Southeastern Conference (SEC) Freshman of the Year honors by both the SEC Media as well as SEC coaches. McFadden also garnered Freshman All-American nods, and was named as Newcomer of the Year for the Southeastern Conference by ESPN. He continued through spring practice early the next year as the number one running back on the Razorback depth chart, a spot he never relinquished while on campus. 2006 season
In 2006, despite a slow start to the season due to a dislocated toe from an off the field incident at a night club in Little Rock, McFadden rushed for a school-record 1,647 yards, the fifth best all-time in the SEC for single season yards, scored 14 touchdowns, and


texts:
 threw for three more touchdowns on just nine passing attempts, becoming a first-team All-American. McFadden also attained a new career high for yards in a single game in his 219-yard performance in a 26–20 win against South Carolina.Thanks to his efforts, Arkansas streaked to ten wins and the SEC Western Division Championship, but lost to Wisconsin in the Capital One Bowl on January 1, 2007 and finished with a record of 10 wins and 4 losses. On December 6, 2006, <mask> was named one of three finalists for the Heisman Trophy, along with Troy Smith from Ohio State and Brady Quinn from Notre Dame. In the final 2006 Heisman vote, <mask> placed second with 1,662 points, behind Smith (1750 points) and ahead of Quinn (1622 points), in what is considered by many pundits to be one of the biggest Heisman snubs in history. On December 7, 2006, McFadden became the first sophomore to win the Doak Walker Award, given annually to the nation's top running back. He was also the winner of Jim Brown Trophy in 2006. He was also a consensus All-America choice, making the vast majority of teams selected. McFadden surpassed Madre Hill as the record holder for most rushing yards in a season at the University of Arkansas in 2006.He was also the centerpiece of the "Wildhog formation," an offensive formation wherein McFadden usually lined up at quarterback position. McFadden often played quarterback in high school, and in the Wildcat formation, he was a threat to throw the ball, to run the ball, or to hand off to another player. 2007 season

Before the 2007 season, McFadden was believed to be one of the top NFL draft picks after the 2007 season if he declared for the 2008 NFL Draft. On Sports Illustrated'''s website, a photo gallery chronicling the best possible candidates in the 2008 draft he was tipped as the number one pick. McFadden was also predicted to be a front-runner for many awards, including the Doak

masks: McFadden McFadden


texts: Walker, the Maxwell, and the Walter Camp Player of the Year. McFadden began the 2007 season with five consecutive games in which he gained at least 120 yards. Highlighting these were a 195-yard effort against Alabama, a 151-yard game against Troy, and a 173-yard effort against Kentucky.After this stretch of games, McFadden looked to be a lock for the Heisman trophy, at the top of generally every watch list. On November 3, 2007, <mask> tied the Southeastern Conference single-game rushing record held by former Vanderbilt Commodores running back Frank Mordica's 1978 game total versus the Air Force Falcons with 321 yards rushing against the South Carolina Gamecocks. On November 23, 2007, <mask> led Arkansas to a 50–48 triple overtime victory over the number one ranked LSU Tigers in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, winning the Battle for the Golden Boot for Arkansas. McFadden rushed 32 times for 206 yards and three TDs, and completed three of six pass attempts for 34 yards and a touchdown. After Arkansas lost 38–7 to Missouri in the January 1, 2008 Cotton Bowl Classic in Dallas, Texas, McFadden decided to forgo his senior season and declare for the 2008 NFL Draft on January 14, 2008. By any measure, <mask> Walker Award for the second year in a row, was selected as the Southeastern Conference Offensive Player of the Year by SEC coaches, and he was also awarded the Walter Camp Award, given to the nation's best overall player voted on by the Walter Camp Foundation. He ended his junior season with 1,829 yards rushing on 325 carries and 16 rushing touchdowns.He also threw four touchdown passes, and garnered another touchdown receiving. On December 6, 2007, <mask> was announced as the winner of the Walter Camp Award and as the winner of the Doak Walker Award. He became only the second person (along with Ricky Williams) in history to win the Doak Walker Award twice. <mask> finished as the runner-up for the 2007

masks: McFadden McFadden McFaddenak McFadden McFadden


texts:
 Heisman Trophy for the second year in a row. He was runner-up to Tim Tebow of the Florida Gators by a margin of 1,957 points to 1,703 points, making him the first person since 1949 to finish second in Heisman voting in consecutive years. Again, <mask> was the winner of the Jim Brown Trophy, given to the nation's top running back. Additionally, he was also recognized as a unanimous first-team All-American.<mask> ended his college career as the most decorated player in school history, and holds virtually all of the university's rushing records, and is also in a number of the SEC's all-time top 10 rushing spots. His career total of 4,590 yards ranks second all-time in career rushing yards in the SEC, behind only Herschel Walker of Georgia with 5,259. McFadden finished his career in seventh place for the Southeastern Conference career rushing touchdowns record with 41. McFadden is generally considered to be the best and finest football player in Arkansas Razorbacks football history, and is certainly the most decorated. In late December 2007, sports agent and former Arkansas track and field athlete Mike Conley, Sr. was accused by KARK-TV in Little Rock, Arkansas of purchasing a Cadillac Escalade for McFadden, which would have jeopardized McFadden's status as an amateur athlete for the 2008 Cotton Bowl Classic and a possible senior season. KARK later retracted the report and apologized to Conley. On March 6, 2008, Electronic Arts announced that McFadden would be cover athlete for the Xbox 360's version of NCAA Football 09.Career statistics

Professional career

2008 NFL Draft
At the NFL Scouting Combine in Indianapolis on February 24, 2008, McFadden ran an unofficial time of 4.27 seconds and an official time of 4.33 seconds on the 40-yard dash, which was second among all running backs at the combine to only Chris Johnson, who ran a then-record 4.24. McFadden also reportedly scored a 17 on the


texts:
 Wonderlic exam. McFadden's selection number in the draft was subject to varying speculation. He was criticized for possible character concerns stemming from two nightclub altercations and the hiring of a lawyer to handle his paternity problems. Oakland Raiders

2008–2009
McFadden was drafted by the Oakland Raiders with the fourth overall pick in the 2008 NFL Draft. The Raiders signed McFadden to a six-year, $60.1 million contract which included US$26 million in guarantees. Contract negotiations were rapid due to Raider fears of a second consecutive contract holdout as was the case with quarterback JaMarcus Russell in 2007.At training camp, McFadden impressed Raiders coach Lane Kiffin with his ability to take instructions once and seamlessly incorporate them into his game. Media observers considered him the most complete Raiders rookie at this stage since Marcus Allen. On September 8, <mask> made his NFL debut against the Denver Broncos, where he had 46 rushing yards on 9 carries; the Raiders lost the game, 14-41. <mask> scored his first professional touchdown against the Kansas City Chiefs on September 14, 2008, his second NFL game, in which he gained 164 yards on 21 carries. <mask> also suffered an injury to his big toe in this game, which limited him for the next 14 games, including three missed games. On November 23, in a game against the Broncos, McFadden scored 2 touchdowns, his first multi-touchdown game in his career. He ended the season with 499 yards on 113 attempts, with four touchdowns.He also made 29 receptions for 285 yards. Raiders interim head coach Tom Cable, who took over after Kiffin was fired by owner Al Davis, was criticized for not playing McFadden later in the season. Responding to criticism, Cable stated “Well what really dictated was the rotation we were in, terms of the game, the flow of the game. I think [Justin] Fargas played pretty well. It’s just those

masks: McFadden McFadden McFadden


texts:
 situations present themselves." Oakland Tribune'' writer Jerry McDonald responded to Cable's statement, saying "If the flow of the game means keeping McFadden, an excellent receiving back, off the field on third down plays which call for a pass, then the flow needs to be changed by the play-caller." During the 2009 Oakland Raiders campaign, McFadden was bothered by numerous injuries and saw a career low in carries and yardage.McFadden's low point of the season came when he rushed for minus 2 yards against the Texans on October 4. 2010 season

McFadden started the 2010 season as a better player than he was in his first two seasons. Against the Tennessee Titans on September 12, McFadden rushed for 95 yards on 18 carries. In Week 2, McFadden rushed for 145 yards on 30 carries against the St. Louis Rams. McFadden rushed for 105 yards with a rushing touchdown against the Arizona Cardinals in Week 3. McFadden missed 4 games due to a knee surgery for a torn meniscus after getting injured on Oct 5 against the Houston Texans. Upon his return on October 24, 2010 against the division rival Denver Broncos, McFadden carried the ball 16 times for a total of 165 yards and 3 touchdowns.He also recorded 2 receptions for 31 yards and a touchdown. <mask> became only the 4th Raider to have 4 touchdowns in a game. Art Powell, Marcus Allen, and Harvey Williams were the others. On November 21, in a game against the Pittsburgh Steelers, McFadden would rush for only 14 yards. Against the Miami Dolphins on November 28, McFadden struggled again. This time, he rushed for only 2 yards on 8 carries. McFadden would get on track against the San Diego Chargers in Week 13.He rushed for 97 yards on 19 carries. <mask> finished the 2010 season as one of the 5 most-productive NFL running backs despite playing in only 13 games. He had career highs in rushing (1,157 yards), receiving (506 yards), TDs (10 total—7 rushing, 3


texts:
 receiving), and total yards from scrimmage (1,663 total yards). He had 6 games with at least 100 yards rushing, and a total of 9 games with at least 89 yards rushing. His rushing yards per game (89.0), total scrimmage yards (1,663) and yards per carry (5.2) were all ranked in the top 5 among NFL running backs. 2011 season

In the Raiders' season opener against the Broncos in Week 1, McFadden rushed for 150 yards. McFadden's 150 yards was the most ever for a Raiders running back in a season opener.The Raiders would hold on and win the game 23-20. Against the Buffalo Bills in Week 2, <mask> was held to 72 yards with a rushing touchdown on 20 carries, a 3.6 average. However, McFadden found other ways to help the Raiders. He caught 7 passes for 71 yards and scored a receiving touchdown. However, the Raiders lost the game 38-35. Against the Jets in Week 3, McFadden rushed for 171 yards, a new career high, on 19 carries to help the Raiders win 34-24. In the process, McFadden scored 2 rushing touchdowns.<mask> became the third running back to rush for 100 or more yards against the Jets in the Rex Ryan era. <mask>'s performance earned him FedEx Ground NFL Player of the Week. Against the Cleveland Browns in week 6, McFadden rushed for 91 yards on 20 carries, a 4.6 average, and a rushing touchdown. By the end of Week 6, McFadden was leading the league in rushing with 610 yards, as well as contributing 19 receptions for 154 yards, and the Raiders were 4-2. In Week 7 against the Kansas City Chiefs, however, McFadden had to leave the game after 2 runs due to an aggravation of his chronic foot condition and was shut down for the remainder of the season. 2012 season

<mask> returned for the 2012 season, but struggled throughout the year and finished with 707 yards on 216 carries. He did lead the Raiders in rushing, and he recorded three 100-plus-yard rushing performances.His difficulty was attributed to

masks: McFadden McFadden McFadden McFadden


texts:
 his continued injury problems, as he missed another four games during the season, and the return of the zone-blocking scheme that McFadden struggled with in his first 2 years with the Raiders. 2013 season
McFadden appeared in 10 games in the 2013 season, having 114 carries for 379 yards (a 3.3 average), along with 5 touchdowns. 2014 season
On March 11, 2014, Oakland re-signed McFadden after the release of Rashad Jennings. In week 14, against the 49ers, he only carried the ball for four carries for five yards. The 2014 season marked as the first time in which <mask> played a full season. He appeared in all 16 games with 12 starts. He finished the year with 155 carries for 534 yards (a 3.4-yard average) and 2 touchdowns.<mask> saw a decline in his number of carries due to the emergence of second-year running back Latavius Murray. Dallas Cowboys

2015 season
On March 13, 2015, <mask> signed a two-year deal with the Dallas Cowboys worth up to $5.85 million including a $200,000 bonus, to be one of the candidates to help replace the recently departed DeMarco Murray. After playing off the bench in a backup role in the first five games of the season, McFadden took over the lead back role in Week 7 against the New York Giants, replacing an injured Joseph Randle and totaling a season-high 152 yards rushing and a touchdown in a road loss. It was his first 100-yard game since 2013 and the first for a Cowboys running back in 2015. He would remain as the starter and finished with 1,089 rushing yards (4th in the NFL), after only gaining 129 yards in his first 5 games. For the second time in his career, he was able to play in all 16 games, while posting 1,417 scrimmage yards (4th among running backs), 4.6 yards-per-carry (3rd in the NFL among the 27 running backs with at least 160 carries), 5 100-yard rushing games (2nd in the NFL), 52 rushing first downs (4th in the NFL), 9 20-plus-yard runs (4th in the

masks:
Darren McFden
McFadden
McFadden


texts:
 NFL), and 2 40-plus-yard runs (4th in the NFL). His 3 rushing touchdowns was second on the team, his 40 receptions was 4th and his 328 receiving yards was 2nd-most in his career for a single season.<mask> became the first former Razorback running back to register two 1,000-yard rushing seasons in an NFL career. His 100-yard rushing games were against the Giants (152 yards), Philadelphia Eagles (117 yards), Miami Dolphins (129 yards), Green Bay Packers (111 yards), and Jets (100 yards). He also had two more games with 100-plus scrimmage yards (113 rushing-plus-receiving yards against Seattle, and 145 rushing-plus-receiving yards against Washington). 2016 season

McFadden entered the Organized Team Activities competing for the starting role with rookie Ezekiel Elliott and free agent acquisition Alfred Morris. On June 14, he underwent surgery after breaking his right elbow in an off-field accident at his home during the Memorial Day weekend, and was placed on the reserve/NFI list during the preseason. The surprising recovery of running back Lance Dunbar from a serious knee injury, made the Cowboys decide to keep McFadden there to start the 2016 season. The success of the team and Elliott, also delayed his activation to the regular season roster until December 13.He passed Morris on the depth chart as the backup running back, as soon as he incorporated into his role against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, because he was seen as more of a complete player with his blocking and receiving skills. In the season finale against the Philadelphia Eagles, he was named the starter to save Elliott for the playoffs. He finished the season after appearing in three games (one start), with 87 rushing yards and 17 receiving yards. 2017 season
On March 16, McFadden signed a one-year contract extension with the Cowboys. In the preseason, Alfred Morris passed him on the depth chart to become the backup behind Ezekiel


texts:
 Elliott. During the regular season, the Cowboys chose to activate running back Rod Smith instead of McFadden, because he could also play on special teams. On November 26, McFadden asked for his release after being a healthy scratch for all but one game (against the Atlanta Falcons).Retirement
On November 28, 2017, only two days after his release, <mask> announced his retirement from football after 10 seasons in the NFL. NFL career statistics

Personal life
In June 2016, McFadden filed a $15 million lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas against his longtime business manager, Michael Vick (no relation to former NFL player of the same name). McFadden alleged that Vick defrauded him and misappropriated funds, including $3 million lost in a bitcoin-related business venture. As of 2020, <mask> has five children with three different women. He is now married. McFadden is an avid rabbit hunter. Legal issues
On January 21, 2019, McFadden was arrested for drunk driving and resisting arrest in a Dallas Fort-Worth Whataburger parking lot.Police say he had fallen asleep behind the wheel of a 2019 GMC Yukon in the Whataburger drive-thru. During the incident, cops say McFadden was resisting officers, after which they took him to a nearby station where he was booked for DWI and resisting arrest. He was released on bond a short time later. He pleaded guilty to DWI on February 14, 2020, and was sentenced to four days in jail. References

External links

 Arkansas profile

1987 births
Living people
American football running backs
Arkansas Razorbacks football players
Dallas Cowboys players
Oakland Raiders players
All-American college football players
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
Sportspeople from Little Rock, Arkansas
Players of American football from Arkansas
African-American players of American football
21st-century African-American


texts:
<mask> (born 28 July 1957 in Stolberg, Germany) is a German painter, illustrator and author. He is best known for his colorful, pointillist paintings that draw on techniques and motifs of magical realism, as well as his book illustrations and children's books for which he has won a number of awards. Early life and education
<mask> grew up in Stuttgart, where he attended high school. He then studied Art History at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich from 1976 to 1977. From 1981 to 1986 he studied painting and graphic arts at the Munich Academy of Fine Arts, under the direction of professor Gerd Winner. Illustration

<mask> started working as an illustrator for the magazines P.M. in 1979 and TransAtlantik in 1985, as well as for the popular German newspaper Die Zeit, which published fifteen reprints of his pictures in a literary supplement in 1988 (Die Zeit Literatur No. 41, 7 October 1988).Among the first books with covers and book illustrations by <mask>, which were published in 1986/87, was a German translation of Jonathan D. Spence's The Question of Hu. In the years that followed, he continued painting pictures which were used for German and international novels and children's books, among others by Katherine Scholes, Amos Oz, Jostein Gaarder, Lucy Hawking and Stephen Hawking, Takashi Hiraide and Luis Sepúlveda. In 1991, author Gudrun Mebs and <mask> Buchholz won a Gold Plaque at the Bratislava Children's Book Illustration Biennial (BIB’91) for Sara Wants to Join the Circus (Die Sara, die zum Circus will). Buchholz's breakthrough came between 1995 and 1997, when he illustrated two international bestsellers: Jostein Gaarder's Sophie's World, which ranked number 1 on the German magazine Der Spiegel’s bestseller list in 1995; and Nero Corleone by Elke Heidenreich, a book that became a bestseller in Germany and ranked 6th on the Spiegel’s bestseller list of 1996. Nero Corleone was subsequently

masks:
Quint Buchholz
Quint Buchholz
Quint Buchholz
Buchholz
Quint


texts:
 translated into 23 languages and received a number of awards, e.g. the Dutch children’s book award Vlag en wimpel in 1997 and a Mildred L. Batchelder Award (Honors) in 1998. <mask> has illustrated over 40 works of German and world literature, and books with pictures by him are currently available in 25 languages.A newer example is „The Alchemy of Snowness“, an autobiographically inspired book written by internationally known clown Slava Polunin and published in English in 2014, featuring 27 pictures by <mask>. The artist has created hundreds of paintings used for book covers, audio books, posters and advertisements, postcards, games, calendars and planners produced by a number of German publishing houses (e.g. Munich-based Carl Hanser Verlag, Ravensburger, Suhrkamp, Heye), as well as international publishing houses (among others, Random House, Macmillan/Farrar, Straus & Giroux, Beisler Editore, Éditions Milan, Nórdica Libros, CIP in China, and Grimm Press in Taiwan). Painting
<mask> <mask> works as a freelance painter in Munich, Germany. Most of his paintings are painted in vivid colors, and the artist shows a preference for shades of blue as he frequently treats water, sky and night themes. Other commonly featured elements are animals, especially birds, books, and boats. Most pictures are painted in acrylic or oil paint on paper or cardboard, over the course of weeks, during which the artist adds dot after dot with finer and finer brushes until an almost photographic quality is reached.In terms of technique, <mask>'s paintings cite the traditions of photorealism and pointillism, while his topics and themes are also inspired by magical realism. His art, in which he creates a distinctly dreamy atmosphere that has inspired imitations by other artists such as Jungho Lee (winner of the World Illustration Award of 2016), has been called distinctly postmodern. The depicted elements, which can be read as

masks: Buchholz Buchholz Quint Buchholz Buchholz


texts:
 elaborate and subtle symbolism, often tell stories with surprising messages revealing themselves only upon close scrutiny. Nevertheless, a number of critics have mentioned the fact that the pictures remain open for a variety of individual interpretations. In many of his paintings, the artist addresses the complexity of human-animal relationships, but a frequent topic is also the range and ambivalence of human emotions, imagination and actions in a complex, often ironic world. Exhibitions
The first major exhibition of <mask>'s work took place in 1989 at the Wilhelmspalais in Stuttgart. Since then, his works have been exhibited at a variety of locations, among them the Gasteig Cultural Center in Munich (1995), the Ludwigshafen City Museum (1997), the museum Haus Löwenberg Gengenbach (1997), the Wilhelm Busch Museum (2002), the Literaturhaus Hamburg (2003) and Literaturhaus Munich (1998 and 2008), the International Youths’ Library at Blutenburg Castle in Munich (2007), Wackerbarth Castle near Dresden (2014), the Rosenheim City Museum (2016-2018) et al.<mask> is officially represented by the Rothweiler Gallery in Karlsruhe, where his paintings are always on display. However, he also has cooperations with a number of smaller and bigger galleries, cultural institutions, and bookstores in and around Munich, where he often gives readings and performances. Since 1999 <mask> has repeatedly been featured in exhibitions abroad, often organized by the Goethe Institute. For example, his works have been shown in Nancy and Strasbourg, France (1999), at the Taipei Fine Arts Museum in Taiwan (2000), the Goethe Institute in Thessaloniki, Greece (2007), as well as in Medellín and Bogotá, Colombia (2014), Klagenfurt, Austria (2014), and Pazin, Croatia (2017). Writing and awards
<mask> has published a number of books as both author and illustrator. One of his best-known works is the children's picture book Sleep Well, Little

masks: Buchholz Buchholz Buchholz Buchholz


texts:
 Bear (1993), which was translated into 10 languages and won a New York Times „Outstanding Book of the Year“ award in 1994. His book The Collector of Moments (1997) was listed as "One of the ten Best Illustrated Books of the Year“ in the New York Times Book Review of 1999, won a Mildred L. Batchelder Award for the Best Foreign Children's Book in 2000, as well as the Italian „Bologna Ragazzi Award“ (1998) and the French „Prix Enfantaisie“ (1999).In 1997, a group of international authors (T.C. Boyle, Susan Sontag, John Berger, Milan Kundera, Per Olov Enquist, Rafik Schami, Orhan Pamuk, Antonio Tabucchi, among others) wrote stories about 46 of Buchholz's pictures, to be published in Buchholz's anthology BookPictureBook. The book received one of the „Premios a los libros mejor editados en 2016“, an award by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports. Other major works are Quint’s Life of Animals (Quints Tierleben, 2012), an anthology of international texts about animal-human relationships; a special edition of the Bible, The Bible in Images (Die Bibel in Bildern, 2010), which author Elke Heidenreich has written an extensive commentary about, and In the Land of Books (2013), a picture book about reading and books that received the Italian Premio Letteratura Ragazzi 36 award for the best-illustrated children's book in 2015. Two books with pictures by <mask> Buchholz were on the Honor Roll of the Hans-Christian-Andersen Award (1992 and 1996), and five books were shortlisted for one of the most important German literary awards, the German Children's Literature Award (Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis) (1991, 1994 and 1995). Buchholz also received three awards from the German Foundation of Book Art (Stiftung Buchkunst) (1989, 1993 and 1995), and won five „Der Luchs“ awards from Die Zeit/Radio Bremen between 1990 and 2004

Theater
Buchholz has worked as a stage designer in productions of “The Golem“ (2005)


texts:
 and “Caligula“ (2007) at the Munich Metropole Theater (director: Jochen Schoelch). In 2008 a play version of Buchholz's book The Collector of Moments premiered at the Théâtre de Cornouaille in Quimper, France, under the direction of Jacques Nichet and starring Jacques Echantillon.Since 2011 the play has been a regular part of the program at the Munich Metropole Theatre and is usually performed from December through January

Teaching
Since 2008, <mask> has been teaching painting and illustration at Irsee Monastery, as well as at the Academy of Fine Arts in Kolbermoor and the Bad Reichenhall Art Academy. References

Bibliography
Helmut Kronthaler (ed. ), <mask> Buchholz. In: Lexikon der Illustration im deutschsprachigen Raum seit 1945. edition text + kritik, Munich, 2009,

Further reading
Dolle-Weinkauff, Bernd: Postmodernism in contemporary German picture books. An outline of the books by Hans Magnus Enzensberger/ Michael Sowa, Jörg Steiner/ Jörg Müller and Quint Buchholz. In: Anuario de investigación en literatura infantil y juvenil 4 (2006). Ed.by Veljka Ruzicka-Kenfel, Celia Vázquez García and Lourdes Lorenzo García. Vigo: Servizo de publicacións Universidade de Vigo 2006, 3-19. Fedor Bochow: Quint Buchholz. In: Kurt Franz et al. (ed. ): Kinder- und Jugendliteratur. Ein Lexikon.Corian-Verlag, Meitingen, 2001, 978-3-8904-8150-0. Susanna Partsch: Quint Buchholz. In: Rosemarie Zacher, Susanna Partsch: Maler des Augenblicks. Wie Monet & Co. die Farbe entdeckten. Berlin Verlag, 2007,
Quint Buchholz et al. : The Art of Quint Buchholz. Ausstellungskatalog.Grimm Press, Taipei 1999,

External links

Elke Heidenreich about <mask> <mask> (German)

1957 births
Living people
German male painters
German illustrators
German male writers
21st-century German painters
21st-century male artists
20th-century German writers
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni
Academy of Fine Arts, Munich alumni
21st-century

masks: Buchholz Quint Quint Buchholz


texts: General <mask>, <mask>,  (born 23 December 1950) is a retired senior British Army officer and member of the House of Lords. He was Chief of the General Staff (head of the Army) from 2006 to 2009. Dannatt was commissioned into the Green Howards in 1971, and his first tour of duty was in Belfast as a platoon commander. During his second tour of duty, also in Northern Ireland, Dannatt was awarded the Military Cross. Following a major stroke in 1977, Dannatt considered leaving the Army, but was encouraged by his commanding officer (CO) to stay. After Staff College, he became a company commander and eventually took command of the Green Howards in 1989. He attended and then commanded the Higher Command and Staff Course, after which he was promoted to brigadier.Dannatt was given command of 4th Armoured Brigade in 1994 and commanded the British component of the Implementation Force (IFOR) the following year. Dannatt took command of 3rd Mechanised Division in 1999 and simultaneously commanded British forces in Kosovo. After a brief tour in Bosnia, he was appointed Assistant Chief of the General Staff (ACGS). Following the attacks of 11 September 2001, he became involved in planning for subsequent operations in the Middle East. As Commander of the Allied Rapid Reaction Corps (ARRC), a role he assumed in 2003, Dannatt led the ARRC headquarters in planning for deployments to Iraq and Afghanistan. The ARRC served in Afghanistan in 2005, but by this time Dannatt was Commander-in-Chief, Land Command—the day-to-day commander of the British Army. He was responsible for implementing a controversial reorganisation of the infantry which eventually resulted in his

masks:
Francis Richard Dannatt
Baron Dannatt


texts:
 regiment, the Green Howards, being amalgamated into the Yorkshire Regiment.Dannatt was appointed Chief of the General Staff (CGS) in August 2006, succeeding General Sir Mike Jackson. Dannatt faced controversy over his outspokenness, in particular his calls for improved pay and conditions for soldiers and for a drawdown of operations in Iraq in order to better man those in Afghanistan. He also set about trying to increase his public profile, worried that he was not recognisable enough at a time when he had to defend the Army's reputation against alleged prisoner abuse in Iraq. He later assisted with the formation of Help for Heroes to fund a swimming pool at Headley Court and, later in his tenure, brokered an agreement with the British press that allowed Prince Harry to serve in Afghanistan. He was succeeded as CGS by Sir <mask> and retired in 2009, taking up the largely honorary post of Constable of the Tower of London, which he held until July 2016. Between November 2009 and the British general election in May 2010, Dannatt served as a defence adviser to Conservative Party leader David Cameron. Dannatt resigned when Cameron's party formed a coalition government with the Liberal Democrats after the election produced a hung parliament, arguing that the Prime Minister should rely primarily on the advice of the incumbent service chiefs.Dannatt published an autobiography in 2010 and continues to be involved with a number of charities and organisations related to the armed forces. He is married with four children, one of whom served as an officer in the Grenadier Guards. Early life
Dannatt, the son of Anthony and Mary (née Chilvers), was born at home in


texts:
 Broomfield—now a suburb of Chelmsford—in Essex. His father and grandfather were architects, working from a practice in Chelmsford, and his mother was a part-time teacher at the London Bible College. He had an elder sister who died from breast cancer in 1988. Dannatt was heavily influenced by his paternal great-grandfather, a Victorian farmer and devout Christian who devised a drainage system. Dannatt and his sister were sent to separate boarding schools.He attended Felsted Junior School, where he gained an ambition to become a professional cricketer. For his secondary education, he was sent to St. Lawrence College in Ramsgate, Kent, where he joined the Combined Cadet Force (CCF) and eventually rose to senior under-officer. While at school, he developed a dislike of his first name, Francis, after it was mistaken for a girl's and he was invited to a birthday party at which he was the only boy. He eventually switched to his middle name, <mask>, when he was fifteen. By then aspiring to become a barrister, Dannatt applied to study law at Emmanuel College, Cambridge but was turned down after an interview, at which point his ambition switched towards a military career. Early military career
Having initially been interested in a tank regiment, Dannatt was interviewed at the Regular Commissions Board (later renamed the Army Officer Selection Board) by an officer from the Green Howards, who persuaded him to consider the infantry and arranged for a visit to a barracks near Colchester. There he met Peter Inge, then a major, and Dannatt became set on joining the Green Howards.He entered the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst in September 1969 and was commissioned


texts: into the Green Howards as a second lieutenant on 30 July 1971. After a short period of leave, he was sent to Belfast, Northern Ireland, as a platoon commander. Upon completion of the tour, Dannatt returned to the British mainland to take a platoon commanders' course, after which he rejoined the Green Howards at their barracks in West Germany. He and his platoon returned to Belfast in late 1972. For gallantry on an operation in which his platoon came under fire in East Belfast on 7 February 1972, he was later awarded the Military Cross. His first promotion was to lieutenant on 30 January 1973. Having completed his tour in Northern Ireland, Dannatt applied to take an "in-service" degree—a degree at a civilian university sponsored by the Army—at Hatfield College, Durham University.He was accepted, and commenced study of economic history later in 1973. During his first year at university, Dannatt attended a debate at Trinity College, Dublin—a rare opportunity for a serving British officer at the height of The Troubles. In 1974 he was involved in fundraising for a specially adapted Mini car to be provided for a disabled fellow student, Sue Foster, which included charity dinners held at various colleges and a sponsored walk to Scotch Corner and back. As part of the arrangement for the "in-service" degree, Dannatt was required to return to the Green Howards during the summer holidays. For both summers, the regiment was serving in Northern Ireland—in Armagh in 1974 and South Armagh in 1975. It was during the 1975 tour that Dannatt was involved in an operation to destroy an improvised explosive device. The device was booby-trapped, and an attempt to disable it