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<mask> (6 January 1931 – 11 January 2012) was an English composer, songwriter, arranger, and conductor who was most active in the 1960s and 1970s. Musical works

<mask>, who was born in Kingston upon Thames, collaborated with many prestigious British and French artists including Air, Etienne Daho, Marianne Faithfull, Claude François, Serge Gainsbourg, France Gall, Johnny Hallyday, The Rolling Stones, Jimmy Page (for the soundtrack to Death Wish II), Saint Etienne, Simply Red and Sylvie Vartan, and other international artists including Lee Hazlewood, Kings of Convenience and Francesco De Gregori. <mask> recorded several sessions with the BBC Radio Orchestra at the Maida Vale Studios, London, in the early 1980s, featuring a mixture of his own compositions and arrangements, to high acclaim. In 1992, <mask> (along with Adrian Burch), arranged and produced a recording of the Buddy Holly hit "Heartbeat" with vocals performed by actor/singer Nick Berry. It was to be used as the title theme for popular ITV drama series Heartbeat, which also starred Berry. The single was released in 1992 and reached number 2 on the U.K. chart. It was used on every episode of the series until its cancellation in 2010.<mask> and Adrian also composed incidental music for many episodes, although with an increase in the number of episodes produced per year and the reduction in production time per episode, episodes later began to be heavily scored with sections of 1960s pop songs. Alongside his other collaborations, <mask> recorded many interpretations of songs for albums released by Reader's Digest. They were usually credited to <mask> And His

masks:
David Sinclair Whitaker
Whitaker
Whitaker
David Whitaker
David
David Whitaker
David Whitaker


type: original

texts:
 Orchestra. Work with Shel Talmy

Shel Talmy was a major record producer with whom <mask> collaborated. Talmy used <mask>y's Planet label. Talmy produced Music To Spy By, the 1966 <mask>ker Orchestra album for CBS, composed of Whitaker originals. He also produced the albums And A Touch Of Love by Bill Davies, and The Revolutionary Piano of Nicky Hopkins, for which Whitaker did the arrangements.Whitaker was also the arranger on the Talmy-produced fortieth birthday by Lee Hazlewood, Forty. Talmy was also involved with several of the film soundtracks that <mask> composed, and was the musical director on the film, Scream And Scream Again, starring Vincent Price and Christopher Lee. Sidonie(P) 1968 Philips
 OST Harry un ami qui vous veut du bienL’Autoroute des vacances(<mask>) Ed. Diaphana / BMG Music Pub. (P) 2000 Diaphana / Source
 Marianne FaithfullPlaisir d'Amour(Public domain)(P) 1965 Andrew Loog Oldham Production
 Music To Spy ByCressida(<mask>ker)(P) 1965 SGC
 Music To Spy ByMr Mouthpiece(<mask>)(P) 1965 SGC
 AirRemember (<mask> version)(Nicolas Godin / Jean-Benoît Dunckel) Ed. Revolvair(P) 1998 Source
 <mask>Dominique(<mask>ker)(P) 1973 Reserved rights

Awards
 <mask>, nominated in 2001 for the César Award for Best Music Written for a Film with the French movie With a Friend Like Harry (Harry, un ami qui vous veut du bien) directed by Dominik Moll. Death
<mask> died on 11 January 2012.References

External links

English conductors (music)
British male conductors (music)
English composers
English songwriters
1931 births
2012 deaths
People from Kingston upon Thames
Varèse Sarabande Records artists
British male

masks:
Whitaker
Whitakerlm
David Whita
Whitaker
David Whitaker
David Whita
David Whitaker
David Whitaker
David Whitaker
David Whita
David Whitaker
Whitaker


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<mask> is an American professional wrestler best known for his time with Impact Wrestling, where he is a former one-time Impact X Division Champion. Before working for Impact Wrestling, he worked over 10 years on the independent circuit in promotions including Xtreme Intense Championship Wrestling (XICW). He signed a contract with Impact in 2017, where he debuted as part of Desi Hit Squad. Professional wrestling career

Early career
Under the ring name Hakim Zane, he debuted between 2008 and 2009. From then on, Zane worked in matches in promotions including for the National Wrestling Alliance and several NWA affiliates. Xtreme Intense Championship Wrestling (2013–2018)
On April 14, 2013, Zane held his first title as co-holder of the XICW Tag Team Championship with TD Thomas. They held the tag titles until September 8, 2013 at XICW 167: Jacobs vs. Venom, where they lost the titles to challengers Sonny Scarboni and Vinnie Scarboni.The following year, Zane won his first singles championship on April 27, 2014 at XICW 177: Jacobs vs. Shelley, where he defeated The DBA to win the XICW Midwest Heavyweight Championship. He later lost the title on December 14 at XICW 187 Hardcore with a Heart, to former WWE Cruiserweight Shannon Moore. The following year in 2015, Zane won the XICW Light Heavyweight Championship on January 17, 2015 at XICW Best in Detroit VIII, defeating Caleb Stills, Chris Sabin and Owen Travers in a four-way match. Three months later on April 12 at XICW 192, Zane lost the Light Heavyweight title to Owen Travers in a two-out-of-three-falls match. Zane later won the Midwest


texts:
 Heavyweight title for a second time. His second reign began on June 5, 2016 at XICW 210 after defeating Rhino. He went on to defend the Midwest Heavyweight title against challengers including Robbie E and Matt Cross.His final title defense was August 7, 2016 at XICW 213, successfully defeating Cross. During 2017, Zane competed for the XICW Tag Team and Midwest Heavyweight titles on several occasions, however did not succeeding either title for a second time. He returned for one last match during a July 13, 2018 XICW show, challenging Jimmy Jacobs for the Midwest Heavyweight title but did not succeed in winning the championship. Impact Wrestling

Sporadic appearances (2017–2018)
On the May 11, 2017 episode of Impact!, Zane teamed with Idris Abraham in a tag match lost against Garza Jr. and Laredo Kid. Six months later, Zane returned and wrestled in his first singles match. During the November 30 episode of Impact!, Zane lost his debut singles match to Taiji Ishimori. He made his final televised appearance of the year on the December 9 episode of Xplosion, losing to Eddie Edwards.Zane returned the following year on the January 11, 2018 episode Impact!, teaming with Caleb Konley and Trevor Lee in a six-man tag match lost to Dezmond Xavier, Garza Jr. and Sonjay Dutt. The following month on the February 8 episode of Impact!, Zane debuted the ring name <mask> <mask>, teaming with El Hijo del Fantasma in a tag match lost against Ishimori and Matt Sydal. Desi Hit Squad (2018–2020)
On March 16 (which was taped on March 3) at Impact One Night Only: March Breakdown, Raju debuted with

masks: Rohit Raju


texts: Gursinder Singh as the Desi Hit Squad. During the event, they defeated Sheldon Jean and Stone Rockwell. On the March 22 episode of Impact!, Raju challenged for the X Division Championship but lost to the reigning champion Sydal. For the course of the year, <mask> and Gursinder Singh shared the ring as teammates and as opponents. Their final match was a singles competition during the October 11 episode of Impact!in which he defeated Gursinder Singh. By the November 1 episode of Impact!, the Desi Hit Squad was modified with the addition of Raj Singh, replacing Gursinder Singh. During the episode, they defeated The Beach Bums (Freddie IV and TJ Crawford). Raju wrestled his final match of the year on the November 22 episode of Impact!, teaming with Eli Drake, Jake Crist, Katarina and Glenn Gilbertti in the Second Annual Eli Drake Gravy Train Turkey Trot match, losing to Fallah Bahh, Alisha Edwards, Kikutaro, KM and Dezmond Xavier. The following year, <mask> returned with Raj Singh on the January 3, 2019 episode of Impact! in a tag team match against Bahh and KM, which was observed an "audition" by Impact Knockout Scarlett Bordeaux. The match concluded with the Desi Hit Squad losing to Bahh and KM.During the January 25 episode of Impact!, the Desi Hit Squad lost another tag team bout to The Rascalz (Dez and Wentz). During the early months of 2019, Raju competed in tag matches. On March 9 at Impact Wrestling-OVW One Night Only: Clash In The Bluegrass, Raju teamed with oVe (Dave Crist and Jake Crist), Madman Fulton in a tag match against Dustin Jackson, Melvin Maximus, Sam Thompson and

masks: Raju Raju


texts:
 Shiloh Jonze. X Division Champion (2020–2022)
On August 18, 2020, during Night 1 of Emergence, Raju defeated Chris Bey to win the X Division Championship in a three-way match that also involved TJP. On the September 15 episode of Impact!, he had Bey, TJP and Trey compete in a three-way match next week to determine who will face him for the title immediately afterwards, which Trey won but Raju quickly defeated him in his first title defense. At Victory Road, he issued the Defeat Rohit Challenge with his X Division Championship on the line, which was answered by Willie Mack but he took the count-out loss to retain the title. On the October 6 episode of Impact!, Raju lost to Jordynne Grace who answered his challenge, but changed the rules so that the title wasn't up for grabs.At Bound for Glory, <mask> successfully retained his X Division Championship in a six-way intergender scramble match that involved Bey, Grace, TJP, Mack and Trey, the latter of which he pinned to win the match. On November 14 at Turning Point, Raju retained his title against Cousin Jake. On the November 24 episode of Impact!, he lost to Crazzy Steve disguised as Suicide, but managed to defeat him on the following week to retain his title. At Final Resolution, <mask> lost the title to Manik, ending his reign at 120 days. On January 16, 2021, at Hard to Kill, he failed to regain the X Division Championship in a three-way match that also involved Bey. On the February 2 episode of Impact!, Raju defeated TJP in a non-title bout, with help from returning Desi Hit Squad ally Mahabali Shera. At No Surrender, he failed


texts: to recapture the X Division title and put the blame on Shera during the following week's Impact!, resulting in him getting shoved into Chris Sabin and James Storm, and the latter hitting Raju with a beer bottle on the head.<mask> would lose to Storm on the March 2 episode of Before the Impact and team with Shera in a losing effort against him and Sabin on the following week's Impact!, the latter of which saw his alliance with Shera end. This led to a match between the two on the March 16 episode of Impact!, where Raju won after using the ropes. On the March 30 episode of Before the Impact, Raju teamed up with Hernandez to defeat Shera and Fallah Bahh. On April 10, at Hardcore Justice, he realigned himself with Shera after helping him against Hernandez in a Chairly Legal match. On the May 13 episode of Impact!, Raju competed in a six-way match to determine the number one contender for the X Division Championship, which was won by New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) talent El Phantasmo. Two days later, at Under Siege, he teamed with Shera in a four-way tag team match to determine who will get a shot at the Impact World Tag Team Championship, which was won by Ace Austin and Madman Fulton. On June 12, at Against All Odds, Raju competed in a five-way match to determine a number one contender for the X Division title, but it ended in a no contest.At Slammiversary, Raju failed to win the title in an Ultimate X match, which was won by defending champion Josh Alexander. On the August 5 episode of Impact!, he lost a four-way match to determine the number one contender to the X Division title,


texts:
 which was won by Jake Something. Raju went on to feud with Matt Cardona after costing him a match on the following week's Impact!, but failed to beat him in a one-on-one bout at Emergence. On the September 2 episode of Impact!, Raju teamed with Shera to face Cardona and Chelsea Green in a tag team match, with <mask> getting the pin after hitting the latter with a knee strike. At Victory Road, he took on Cardona in a no disqualification match, but was defeated by him. On the September 23 episode of Impact!, Raju defeated Chelsea Green in an intergender match, after a distraction from returning Desi Hit Squad ally Raj Singh. On the October 14 episode of Impact!, he competed in a three-way semi-final match to determine who will go on to Bound for Glory in another three-way match for the vacant X Division Championship, which was won by El Phantasmo.At Bound for Glory, <mask> participated in the Call Your Shot Gauntlet match, where the winner could choose any championship match of their choice, eliminating NJPW talent Rocky Romero and Madman Fulton but was eliminated by Moose and W. Morrissey. He left Impact in January 2022. Championships and accomplishments
All American Wrestling
AAW Heritage Championship (2 times)
Border City Wrestling
BCW Can-Am Tag Team Championship (1 time, current) – with Raj Singh
Glory Pro Wrestling
Midwest Territory Championship (1 time)
Impact Wrestling
Impact X Division Championship (1 time)
Global Forged (2017)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 Ranked No. 72 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2021
Superkick'D
Superkick'D King of the 6IX


texts:
 Championship (1 time)
Xtreme Intense Championship Wrestling
XICW Light Heavyweight Champion (1 time)
XICW Midwest Heavyweight Champion (2 times)
XICW Xtreme Intense Champion (1 time)
XICW Tag Team Champion (1 time) – with TD Thomas

References

External links
 Impact Wrestling profile

1980 births
Living people
American male professional wrestlers
American people of Indian descent
Professional wrestlers from


texts:
<mask> (30 November 1876 – October 1967) is an infamous member of the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) who during World War I managed to fool medical staff at the time of his voluntary enlistment so that they did not observe his artificial left foot, which he had lost only a short time earlier. Joining the army as an amputee
Whilst thousands of Australians returned from World War I as amputees, <mask> may have been the only man to hobble off to World War I in 1917 with an artificial partial left leg and left foot after he pulled off an audacious enlisting deception with a "one chance in a million" ruse, tricking his doctor and passing the military medical as fit for duty. Background
Born in Central New South Wales on 30 November 1876, <mask> moved to and lived in New Zealand before moving back to Sydney. He embarked for war from Melbourne on the troop transport ship HMAT Shropshire on 11 May 1917, as Company Sergeant Major Warrant Officer Class 2 with the Railway Unit, and Reinforcements and Special Draft (February 1917 – October 1918). A veteran of the Boer War where <mask> served as a private with 4 (2 Imperial Bushmen) Contingent from Tasmania. Tasmanians served mainly in mounted units, often known as "Mounted Rifles", "Bushmen" or "Imperial Bushmen". They fought in both the British counter offensive of 1900 and in the long, weary guerrilla phases of the war lasting until 1902.After serving in South Africa <mask> requested a transfer to officer's school; however, he was unsuccessful and advised to wait till required. Injury
<mask> was called up for service in February 1915; however, he was involved in a railway accident before joining his camp, leading to 18 months in hospital. The accident occurred when <mask>, an engine driver with the Tasmanian Government Railways, got out of his moving train to inspect the track and

masks:
Harvey Stanley Hyde Blackburn
Blackburn
Blackburn
Blackburn
Blackburn
Blackburn
Blackburn


texts:
 slipped under the carriage. Six operations and the amputation of his left foot resulted. <mask> was fitted with an artificial limb below the knee with a hinged wooden foot. The prosthetic device was made from an unspecific wood, leather, and metal and was made by 'Simpson & Son' Melbourne. <mask> subsequently took some time off to recover and adjust to life on one leg before returning to the 1st AIF.During this recovery time he received several communications from military authorities requesting him to present at camp. He wrote back and explained that he was recuperating and reaffirmed his willingness to serve. At this time the Railway Units were formed to which <mask> applied. Both his railway and South Africa experience made him an ideal candidate, according to the officer in charge. He was told to present for a medical check-up at camp. The Boer War veteran knew an amputee wouldn't be accepted for army service, so he fooled a doctor at the enlistment centre into passing him fit. The ruse
Before he died at the age of 90 in 1967 <mask> told how he fooled the doctor with a "one in a million" ruse.Claiming he was "shy" he asked the doctor to turn around while he took his pants off during his army entry medical examination. "I slipped my trousers across my artificial limb, and showed the doctor my good right leg" he said. Baring only his good leg <mask> proceeded to distract the doctor with questions for several minutes before reminding him to check the other leg, then presented the same leg again keeping the artificial leg covered and slightly under the table behind him. "Lucky for me he did not realise that he had examined the same leg again, he told me I was in perfect shape." The ruse was almost successful, until another doctor walked in and saw what he was doing. An argument resulted, with the second doctor stating that

masks: Blackburn Blackburn Blackburn Blackburn Blackburn


texts:
 <mask> was useless. <mask> responded that if the doctor had been more observant he would have noticed that the leg was clearly evident on his attestation papers.He also pointed out the railway officer's testimony and argued that he was perfect for the front line because he couldn't retreat as quickly as the others and would be forced to stay with his locomotive and hold his ground. The doctors made <mask> remove his trousers and walk around the room. The first doctor said he would pass fit a thousand men like <mask> and he enlisted on 10 January 1917 with an A1 rating. Service
In service in France and Belgium <mask> hid his disability from his superiors; only his tent mates knew of his secret. He proudly stated that he never missed a parade or route march and his drill instructors never realised the extent of his disability, assuming he was suffering from a corn. As a steam locomotive engine driver taking supplies to the front, the tall dark man dubbed "the shadow" by his mates managed to keep marching to a minimum. He was a Sergeant-Major with the 4th Broad Gauge Rail Operation Company, assigning himself special duties during six later medical parades.<mask> drove locomotive engines around Peronne and in Flanders without misfortune. However, <mask> did experience some problems with his leg during the cold winter months, experiencing severe numbing. The cold conditions caused his calf to shrink from 16 to 9 inches. Post war
After the 1918 Armistice <mask> knew exactly how to get onto one of the first ships while the rest waited. He told his officers his leg hurt him and asked for leave to visit London to have a fitting for a new artificial leg. After returning to Australia <mask> received a new leg with a better fit and donated the original to the Australian War Memorial in 1925. He maintained that his was the only

masks: Blackburn Blackburn Blackburn Blackburn Blackburn Blackburn Blackburn Blackburn Blackburn


texts:
 artificial leg accepted for service in the AIF, and possibly the entire Allied Forces.Having returned to Australia <mask> resumed his work with the Tasmanian Railway Department. World War II
He loved army life so much that he tried to enlist again in 1942 for World War II, aged 66. But to his displeasure he was passed unfit for service on age and medical grounds. Death
<mask> <mask> died in Sydney in October 1967, a few months after his 90th birthday, and just a year after the birth of his first grandchild <mask> <mask>, retaining his name. He is buried in Botany Bay cemetery. <mask> donated his wooden leg to the Australian War Memorial, Canberra, where it can sometimes be seen on display. Present
<mask>'s leg was previously on-loan to the Launceston museum and now is part of the Great War Exhibition open to the public after a $32 million redevelopment at the Australian War Memorial.Governor General Sir Peter Cosgrove launched the exhibition during a 22 February 2015 ceremony with a keynote address by veteran journalist Les Carlyon and performances from country music singer Lee Kernaghan, the Sydney Children's Choir, and the Royal Military College band. The permanent exhibition, titled 'Australia in the Great War,' presents the story of Australia's role in the conflict chronologically, covering all major theatres of operations: Gallipoli; the Western Front; Sinai and Palestine; and the war at sea. External links
Digger History: an unofficial history of the Australian & New Zealand Armed Services
Australian War Memorial
Tasmanians in the Boer War
Péronne, France

People from Launceston, Tasmania
Australian military personnel of the Second Boer War
Australian military personnel of World War I
Australian amputees
Australian Army soldiers
Rail transport in Tasmania
History of Tasmania
Australian people in rail transport
1967

masks:
Blackburn
Harvey Stanley
Hyde Blackburn
Harvey Gregory
Scott Blackburn
Harvey
Harvey


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<mask>  (20 July 1907 – 21 July 1985) was an English forensic pathologist. He was Professor of Forensic Medicine in the University of London at Guy's Hospital, Lecturer in Forensic Medicine at the University of Oxford and a founding member and President of the Association of Forensic Medicine. <mask> became renowned for his post-mortems on high-profile murder cases, including the 1949 Acid Bath Murders committed by John George Haigh and the murder of gangster George Cornell, who was shot dead by Ronnie Kray in 1966. He pioneered forensic dentistry, and was prominent in alerting physicians and others to the reality of the battered baby syndrome. <mask> wrote a standard textbook on his subject and edited Taylor's Medical Jurisprudence, a basic work of reference of the British medical profession. Forty Years of Murder was <mask>'s autobiography and became an international best-seller in the late 1970s. He was London's first forensic pathologist to be recognised by the Home Office, and in 1975 his long public service was recognised with the award of a CBE.<mask> had by then gained the reputation of having performed more post-mortems than any other pathologist in the world. Career
<mask> was born in 1907 in Brighton, Sussex where his father was a general practitioner. In August 1924, aged 17, <mask> enrolled at Guy's Hospital Medical School. By the age of 25 he was a teacher in the Pathology Department. In 1934 <mask> was made Supervisor of Medico-legal Post-Mortems and had his first case with Scotland Yard. In 1937 he was appointed Medico-legal advisor to Surrey Constabulary. In

masks:
Cedric Keith Simpson
Simpson
Simpson
Simpson
Simpson
Keith Simpson
Simpson
Simpson


texts:
 1947 the student textbook Forensic Medicine, which <mask> wrote during the war, was published.Following the death of Bernard Spilsbury in the same year, <mask> became one of the leading forensic pathologists in Britain, with a string of important cases. In 1950, along with Francis Camps, Donald Teare and Professor Sydney Smith, <mask> formed the Association of Forensic Medicine. In 1963 he was elected to the Royal College of Pathologists. Two years later, <mask> addressed the annual meeting of the NSPCC and spoke on the topic of 'battered babies'. In addition to his scientific publications, popular works such as his 1978 autobiography Forty Years of Murder made his name familiar to the public. He practised medicine from 146 Harley Street and Guy's Hospital. Famous cases
 1942 Rachel Dobkin, murdered by her husband Harry.His blunder was to pour slaked lime on the body, which helped preserve it, rather than quicklime which would have corroded it. 1942 Joan Pearl Wolfe, victim of August Sangret in the "Wigwam murder". 1943 The Bethnal Green tube station disaster. 1946 Margery Gardner, murdered by Neville Heath. 1946 Consultant for the Surrey Police on the "Chalk-pit Murder". 1948 The death of Ananda Mahidol, King Ananda of Siam, <mask>'s first case outside Britain, when a Major-General of the Police of Siam asked his help interpreting what had happened. 1948 The "Gorringe case", in which <mask> used forensic odontology (the identification of an individual from their teeth and bite marks) to seal a murder conviction against Robert Gorringe for the murder of his wife Phyllis, one

masks: Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson Simpson


texts: of the first recorded instances of such evidence being used in an English court.The crucial factor was that Phyllis died quickly, before bruising could distort the bite-marks. The death sentence on Gorringe was commuted and he was released on licence in 1957. 1949 After searching through fatty sludge, <mask> found gallstones, bones and dentures that identified Olive Durand Deacon as a victim of the "Acid Bath Murderer", John George Haigh. 1953 Exhumation of Beryl Evans after John Christie confessed to her murder. <mask> acted for Christie, observing the exhumation and post-mortem, which was performed by Francis Camps. 1956 Instructed by the Medical Defence Union in the defence of John Bodkin Adams, acquitted of murdering one of his patients. 1961 Michael Gregston and Valerie Storie, victims of James Hanratty, the "A6 murderer".1964 The Lydney Murder, a body later identified as Peter Thomas found near Lydney, and a significant case in the development of entomology for criminal investigation. 1965 The conviction of Laurence Dean for the murder of his son Michael was the first in England for "battered baby syndrome" and greatly raised awareness of the condition in Britain. 1966 George Cornell, victim of the Kray twins. 1967 Invited by the Canadian government to review the case of Steven Truscott after publication of the book The Trial of Steven Truscott on the case by Isabel LeBourdais. 1972 After Bloody Sunday, invited to re-examine the post mortem findings. <mask> agreed that the victims had been picked off by single shots, from distance, some from behind. He also agreed that

masks: Simpson Simpson Simpson


texts:
 six might themselves have fired guns; the later Saville Enquiry did not substantiate this.1974 Sandra Rivett, victim of Lord Lucan. 1974 Mama Cass
 1975 Leslie Newson, driver in the Moorgate tube crash. 1982 Roberto Calvi, Vatican banker. The cause of death was asphyxia by hanging from Blackfriars Bridge. Awards and affiliations

<mask> was a member of many medical organisations, one of the founders of the British Association in Forensic Medicine, a former president of the Medico-Legal Society, and a member of the council of the Royal College of Pathologists and the Medical Protection Society. He was the only London forensic pathologist to be recognised as a Home Office pathologist and was a member of the Home Office Scientific Advisory Committee. A fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and the Royal College of Pathologists, <mask> received honorary degrees from the universities of Oxford, Edinburgh and Ghent.His long public service was recognised with the award of a CBE in 1975. In June 2012, <mask> was honoured with the installation of a Westminster City Council Green Plaque at his former residence at 1 Weymouth Street, Marylebone. Family life
Cedric <mask> was born in 1907 near Brighton, Sussex, where his father was a GP. He attended Brighton, Hove and Sussex Grammar School and at 17 he enrolled at Guy's Hospital Medical School where he became a top student. In 1932 <mask> married Mary Buchanan, with whom he had three children (their only son later became a doctor). They were together until Mary's death from multiple sclerosis in 1955. <mask> married his secretary,

masks:
Simpson
Simpson
Simpson
Keith Simpson
Keith Simpson
Simpson


texts:
 Jean Scott-Dunn, in March 1956 and they lived in Marylebone.His second wife died of cancer in 1976. Janet Thurston, widow of fellow coroner Gavin Thurston, became his third wife in 1982. Teaching
He was a talented teacher, through both the spoken and the printed word. The first edition of his book <mask>'s Forensic Medicine was published in 1947, and in 1959 was awarded the Swiney Prize of the Royal Society of Arts as the best work on medical jurisprudence of the preceding ten years. Social Attitudes
His views on homosexuality reflected the times in which he had been brought up. In the 1979 edition of his textbook Forensic Medicine he stated (at p 214): " "Homos" and "queer" have become almost playful epithets, and the psychiatrist has done little but excuse or condone such practices. They are rotting the fabric of the arts as well as the more solid principles of family life, and the law properly regards such unnatural sex practices with a stern eye."To one of his nurses, at a postmortem of a woman who had died as a result of a botched illegal abortion, he had said that "he saw at least two young girls a week who died as a result of septic abortions", and that he was adamant that abortion should be legalised. Death
He died 21 July 1985, the day after his 78th birthday. Image files

References

External links

 Dickens, Bernard, Review of Forty Years of Murder, by <mask> (14 August 2008). Criminal Law Quarterly, Vol. 23, p. 125, 1980. Available at
 National Portrait Gallery, (Cedric) <mask> (1907-1985), Forensic scientist, photographs by Bassano, Argent and Aronson
 Dr

masks:
Simpson
Keith Simpson
Keith Simpson


texts:
 Robert N Moles,Pathology References and Autopsy Standards
 Pathology in the Capital - The Royal College of Pathologists, a tour of related sites of interest PDF 50th anniversary images (includes reference to <mask> Plaque location)
 Westminster City Council, PDF Cabinet Member Report, Commemorative Green Plaque for Professor <mask> (1907-1985) at 1 Weymouth Street, London W1W, February 2012. <mask> M.D.,  THE PATHOLOGY OF SUDDEN DEATH, Lecture delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England, on 29 July 1947

Bibliography

 Shepherd, R. (2003) Simpson’s Forensic Medicine, Twelfth Edition, Arnold, 31 July 2003
 C K <mask>, MD, FRCP, FRCPATH, DMJ, Obituary, British Medical Journal, Vol 291, 10 August 1985
 A. <mask>, M.D., 'Cedric <mask> An Appreciation' Obituary, The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, 7(3) 258–259, 1986, Ravens Press, New York.Eckert, William, "The Development of Forensic Medicine in the United Kingdom From the 18th Century", The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 13:2 (June 1992) 124-131
 Lane, B. (2004). The encyclopedia of forensic science London: Magpie Books. <mask>, K., As Guy Bailey. (1969). The fatal chance: 12 cases from the notebook of a crime pathologist. London: Peter Davies.Thorwald, J. (1964). The century of the detective New York: Harcourt, Brace & World. Wilson, C., & Wilson, D. (2003). Written in blood: A History of forensic detection. New York: Carroll and Graf Publishers. Harry Haynes, MEDICAL CLASSICS: Forty Years of Murder, VIEWS & REVIEWS, BMJ,Published 8 October 2012, BMJ 2012;345:e6737

masks:
Prof Simpson
Keith Simpson
Keith Simpson
Simpson CBE
Keith Mant
Keith Simpson
Simpson


texts:
 Ramsland, Katherine, A sharp eye in the autopsy: profile of <mask> The Forensic Examiner, American College of Forensic Examiners, Spring, 2007, Volume: 16 Issue: 1

1907 births
1985 deaths
English pathologists
British forensic scientists
People from Brighton
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians
20th-century British medical doctors
Physicians of Guy's


texts:
<mask> (1851–1916) was an American novelist<ref name="Wallace">Wallace, W. Stewart. A Dictionary of North American Authors Deceased before 1950. Toronto: Ryerson Press, 1951, p. 520.</ref> and short story writer best known for her acute characterizations and depictions of academic life. She was the wife of classical scholar <mask>, Oscar Fay. A Dictionary of American Authors. 5th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin and Company, 1904, p. 438.Herringshaw, Thomas William, ed.Herringshaw's National Library of American Biography. Chicago, American Publishers' Association, 1914, p. 784. and the mother of legal scholar and utopian novelist <mask> <mask> and geographer John Kirtland <mask>. Life and family
<mask> was born <mask> December 14, 1851, in Steubenville, Ohio,Warner, Charles Dudley, ed. Biographical Dictionary and Synopsis of Books Ancient and Modern. Akron, Ohio: Werner Co., 1902, p. 619.Who's Who in New England. 2nd ed. Chicago : A. N. Marquis & Company, 1916. p. 1186. or December 18 of the same year, the daughter of Eli Todd <mask>, president of Kenyon College, and Lydia (McDowell<mask>.She was educated at Auburn Young Ladies' Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio. She married, April 2, 1878, John Henry <mask>, then an associate professor of Greek at Dartmouth College and later professor of classical philology and dean of the Collegiate Board of Johns Hopkins

masks:
Mary Tappan Wright
John Henry WrightAs
Austin Tappan
Wright
Wright
Wright
Mary Tappan
Tappan
) Tappan
Wright


texts:
 University, professor of Greek at Harvard University, and dean of Harvard's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. The couple had three children, <mask> <mask> (who died young), <mask> <mask>, and John Kirtland <mask>. They lived successively in Hanover, New Hampshire, Baltimore, Maryland and Cambridge, Massachusetts, aside from one period during which John was a professor at the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, when they resided in Greece. <mask> was a founding member of the Boston Authors Club in 1900. Her husband died November 25, 1908, and she herself died August 25, 1916 in Cambridge. "Death Notices" – article, Boston Journal, August 28, 1916, p. 11.She was survived by her two sons. Career

Works
<mask> and her husband are said to have "worked together on their literary activities." <mask>'s first known published story was "How They Cured Him", which appeared in The Youth's Companion (March 24, 1887), one of several written for that periodical. Some of the Youth's Companion tales form a loose series centering on holidays and featuring recurring characters; some of the early Dulwich tales were also published in that magazine. However, <mask>'s tales for Scribner's Magazine, beginning with "As Haggards of the Rock" (May 1890), attracted more notice, and the initial six of them, including also "A Truce", "A Portion of the Tempest", "From

masks:
Elizabeth Tappan
Wright
Austin Tappan
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Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright


texts: Macedonia", "Deep as First Love", and "A Fragment of a Play, With a Chorus", were collected in her first book, A Truce, and Other Stories (1895). None of her other short stories were gathered into book form in her lifetime. Much of her fiction dealt with American university life, often set in the fictional college town she called Dulwich in her short stories and The Test, and Great Dulwich in her other novels, which combines elements of both Kenyon College and Harvard University.Her novels are all set in college towns, the third and fourth in Dulwich itself (the first and second also mention it peripherally). Her first novel, Aliens (1902), attracted much attention when it appeared for its portrait of contemporary northerners in the racially tense Southern town of Tallawara. The next, The Test (1904), the story of a wronged young woman, received mixed reviews for what some perceived as its unpleasant subject matter and unsympathetic characters, though it was generally praised as well written. The Tower (1906) was described as "a love story placed against the life of a college community taken from the faculty side and told with deep understanding and the most delicate art" and The Charioteers (1912) as "a story of the social life and environment of college professors and their families." <mask>'s first four books were published by Charles Scribner's Sons,


texts:
 the fifth being issued by D. Appleton & Company after having been rejected by the Houghton Mifflin Company. Close to half of her short pieces appeared in Scribner's Magazine; others appeared in The Youth's Companion, Christian Union and its successor The Outlook, The Independent, Harper's Magazine, Harper's Weekly, and an anthology of works by various authors. She also contributed a book review to the North American Review.All of <mask>'s novels are currently available in e-editions on Book Search. Aliens was reprinted by Kessinger Publishing, LLC, in June, 2007; The Tower was reprinted by Kessinger in December, 2008. <mask>'s previously uncollected short stories were issued in new collections by Fleabonnet Press from December, 2007-November 2008. Critical reception
In her writing <mask> was praised as having "a keen sense of humor, good descriptive powers, a good working knowledge of human nature, an effective style" and the ability to "tell a story well." Her skill at characterization was also noted. Papers
<mask>'s papers, including correspondence and original manuscripts and fragments, are found in various archival collections at the Harvard University Library and the Houghton Library at Harvard College. An early commonplace book from 1870–77, containing mostly poetry, is in the <mask> family papers at the Massachusetts Historical

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 Society.Bibliography

NovelsAliens (1902) (Google e-text)The Test (1904) (Google e-text)The Tower (1906) (Dulwich series) (Google e-text)The Charioteers (1912) (Dulwich series) (Google e-text)

CollectionsA Truce, and Other Stories (1895) (e-text)Pro Tempore, and Other Stories (2007) (e-text)Dead Letters, and Other Pieces (2008) (e-text)Beginning Alone, and Other Stories (2008) (e-text)Uncollected Works (2008) (e-text)

Short stories
"How They Cured Him" (Mar. 1887) (Holiday series) (Google e-text) (another e-text)
"Alice's Christmas" (Dec. 1889) (Holiday series) (e-text)
"Numbered With Thy Saints" (Apr. 1890) (Dulwich series) (e-text)
"As Haggards of the Rock" (May 1890) (Making of America e-text) (another e-text)
"Beginning Alone" (Sep.-Oct. 1890) (Dulwich series) (e-text)
"A Truce" (Jan. 1891) (Making of America e-text) (another e-text)
"A Fragment of a Play, With a Chorus" (May 1891) (Making of America e-text) (another e-text)
"Divided Allegiances" (Feb. 1892) (e-text)
"A Lad—Dismissed" (Jul.-Aug. 1893) (e-text)
"The Gray Fur Rug" (Nov. 1893) (Holiday series) (e-text)
"Deep as First Love" (Feb. 1894) (Making of America e-text) (another e-text)
"A Portion of the Tempest" (Jun. 1894) (Jackson series) (Making of America e-text) (another e-text)
"His Last" (Jun. 1894; reprinted as "His Last Offence, A Story of College Life", 1900) (Dulwich series)


texts:
 (e-text)
"From Macedonia" (Oct. 1894) (Jackson series) (Making of America e-text) (another e-text)
"Three Fires at Redmont" (Jun. 1895) (e-text)
"Cunliffe" (Sep. 1896) (Google e-text) (another e-text)
"The Key of the Fields" (Feb. 1898) (Making of America e-text) (another e-text)
"An Exception" (Jan. 1899) (Google e-text) (another e-text)
"Ethel's Christmas Brother" (Jan. 20 1900) (Google e-text) (another e-text)
"The Best Laid Plans" (ca.1901)
"A Day Together" (Jan. 1901) (Google e-text) (another e-text)
"Dead Letters" (Sep. 1901) (Dulwich series) (e-text)
"A Sacred Concert" (Jul. 1903) (Dulwich series) (Google e-text) (another e-text)
"Vox" (Oct. 1903) (Google e-text) (another e-text)
"Pro Tempore" (Jun.1906) (Dulwich series) (Google e-text) (another e-text)
"The Mountain" (Feb. 1907) (e-text)
"Asphodel" (Oct. 1909) (Google e-text) (another e-text)

Non-fiction
"Children and Books" (article) (Mar. 3 1900) (Google e-text) (another e-text)
"The Iron Woman" (review of the novel by Margaret Deland) (Dec. 1911) (e-text)

Footnotes

General references
Coyle, William, ed. Ohio Authors and Their Books. Biographical data and selective bibliographies for Ohio authors, native and resident, 1796–1950''. Cleveland: World Publishing Co., 1962. External links

The Works of <mask>ppan Wright Online
Entry for <mask> on Frank Parlato Jr.'s Swami Vivekananda

masks:
Mary Ta
Wright


texts:
 site

20th-century American novelists
19th-century American women writers
20th-century American women writers
American women novelists
American women short story writers
Novelists from Ohio
Writers from Cambridge, Massachusetts
People from Steubenville, Ohio
1851 births
1916 deaths
19th-century American short story writers
20th-century American short story writers
Novelists from


texts:
<mask> the Evangelist (Latin: Lucas; , Loukâs; , Lūqās; , Lūqā') is one of the Four Evangelists—the four traditionally ascribed authors of the canonical gospels. The Early Church Fathers ascribed to him authorship of both the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles, which would mean <mask> contributed over a quarter of the text of the New Testament, more than any other author. Prominent figures in early Christianity such as Jerome and Eusebius later reaffirmed his authorship, although a lack of conclusive evidence as to the identity of the author of the works has led to discussion in scholarly circles, both secular and religious. The New Testament mentions <mask> briefly a few times, and the Pauline Epistle to the Colossians refers to him as a physician (from Greek for 'one who heals'); thus he is thought to have been both a physician and a disciple of Paul. Since the early years of the faith, Christians have regarded him as a saint. He is believed to have been a martyr, reportedly having been hanged from an olive tree, though some believe otherwise. The Catholic Church and other major denominations venerate him as Saint <mask> the Evangelist and as a patron saint of artists, physicians, bachelors, surgeons, students and butchers; his feast day is 18 October.Life

Many scholars believe that <mask> was a Greek physician who lived in the Greek city of Antioch in Ancient Syria, although some other scholars and theologians think <mask> was a Hellenic Jew. While it has been widely accepted that the theology of <mask>–Acts points to a gentile Christian writing for a gentile audience, some have  concluded that it is more plausible that <mask>–Acts is directed to a community made up of both Jewish and gentile Christians since there is stress on the scriptural roots of the gentile mission (see the use of Isaiah 49:6 in Luke–Acts). Others have only been prepared to

masks: Luke Luke Luke Luke Luke Luke Luke Luke


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 conclude that <mask> was either a Hellenistic Jew or a god-fearer. His most early notice is in Paul's Epistle to Philemon—. He is also mentioned in  and , two Pauline works. The next earliest account of <mask> is in the Anti-Marcionite Prologue to the Gospel of Luke, a document once thought to date to the 2nd century, but which has more recently been dated to the later 4th century. Helmut Koester, however, claims that the following part, the only part preserved in the original Greek, may have been composed in the late 2nd century:

Epiphanius states that <mask> was one of the Seventy Apostles (Panarion 51.11), and John Chrysostom indicates at one point that the "brother" Paul mentions in the Second Epistle to the Corinthians 8:18 is either <mask> or Barnabas.(Homily 18 on Second Corinthians on 2 Corinthians 8:18)

If one accepts that <mask> was indeed the author of the Gospel bearing his name and also the Acts of the Apostles, certain details of his personal life can be reasonably assumed. While he does exclude himself from those who were eyewitnesses to Jesus' ministry, he repeatedly uses the word "we" in describing the Pauline missions in Acts of the Apostles, indicating that he was personally there at those times. There is similar evidence that <mask> resided in Troas, the province which included the ruins of ancient Troy, in that he writes in Acts in the third person about Paul and his travels until they get to Troas, where he switches to the first person plural. The "we" section of Acts continues until the group leaves Philippi, when his writing goes back to the third person. This change happens again when the group returns to Philippi. There are three "we sections" in Acts, all following this rule. <mask> never stated, however, that he lived in Troas, and this is the only evidence that he did.The composition of the writings, as well as the range of vocabulary

masks: Luke Luke Luke Luke Luke Luke Luke


texts:
 used, indicate that the author was an educated man. A quote in the Epistle to the Colossians differentiates between <mask> and other colleagues "of the circumcision." This comment has traditionally caused commentators to conclude that <mask> was a gentile. If this were true, it would make <mask> the only writer of the New Testament who can clearly be identified as not being Jewish. However, that is not the only possibility. Although <mask> is considered likely to have been a gentile Christian, some scholars believe him to have been a Hellenized Jew. The phrase could just as easily be used to differentiate between those Christians who strictly observed the rituals of Judaism and those who did not.<mask>'s presence in Rome with the Apostle Paul near the end of Paul's life was attested by 2 Timothy 4:11: "Only <mask> is with me". In the last chapter of the Book of Acts, widely attributed to <mask>, there are several accounts in the first person also affirming <mask>'s presence in Rome, including : "And when we came to Rome... ." According to some accounts, <mask> also contributed to the authorship of the Epistle to the Hebrews. <mask> died at age 84 in Boeotia, according to a "fairly early and widespread tradition". According to Nikephoros Kallistos Xanthopoulos, Greek historian of the 14th century (and others), <mask>'s tomb was located in Thebes, whence his relics were transferred to Constantinople in the year 357. Authorship of Luke and Acts

The Gospel of Luke does not name its author. The Gospel was not, nor does it claim to be, written by direct witnesses to the reported events, unlike Acts beginning in the sixteenth chapter. However, in most translations the author suggests that they have investigated the book's events and notes the name (Theophilus) of that to whom they are writing.The earliest manuscript of the Gospel (Papyrus 75 = Papyrus Bodmer XIV-XV), dated

masks: Luke Luke Luke Luke Luke Luke Luke Luke Luke Luke Luke


texts:
 circa AD 200, ascribes the work to <mask>; as did Irenaeus writing circa AD 180, and the Muratorian fragment, a 7th-century Latin manuscript thought to be copied and translated from a Greek manuscript as old as AD 170. The Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles make up a two-volume work which scholars call Luke–Acts. Together they account for 27.5% of the New Testament, the largest contribution by a single author. As a historian

Most scholars understand <mask>'s works (Luke–Acts) in the tradition of Greek historiography. The preface of The Gospel of Luke drawing on historical investigation identified the work to the readers as belonging to the genre of history. There is disagreement about how best to treat <mask>'s writings, with some historians regarding <mask> as highly accurate, and others taking a more critical approach. Based on his accurate description of towns, cities and islands, as well as correctly naming various official titles, archaeologist Sir William Ramsay wrote that "<mask> is a historian of the first rank; not merely are his statements of fact trustworthy....[He] should be placed along with the very greatest of historians." Professor of Classics at Auckland University, E.M. Blaiklock, wrote: "For accuracy of detail, and for evocation of atmosphere, <mask> stands, in fact, with Thucydides. The Acts of the Apostles is not shoddy product of pious imagining, but a trustworthy record. ...It was the spadework of archaeology which first revealed the truth." New Testament scholar Colin Hemer has made a number of advancements in understanding the historical nature and accuracy of <mask>'s writings. On the purpose of Acts, New Testament Scholar <mask> Johnson has noted that "<mask>'s account is selected and shaped to suit his apologetic interests, not in defiance of but in conformity to ancient standards of historiography." Such a position is shared

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 Richard Heard who sees historical deficiencies as arising from "special objects in writing and to the limitations of his sources of information."During modern times, <mask>'s competence as a historian is questioned, depending upon one's a priori view of the supernatural. Since post-Enlightenment historians work with methodological naturalism, such historians would see a narrative that relates supernatural, fantastic things like angels, demons etc., as problematic as a historical source. Mark Powell claims that "it is doubtful whether the writing of history was ever <mask>'s intent. <mask> wrote to proclaim, to persuade, and to interpret; he did not write to preserve records for posterity. An awareness of this, has been, for many, the final nail in <mask> the historian's coffin." Robert M. Grant has noted that although <mask> saw himself within the historical tradition, his work contains a number of statistical improbabilities, such as the sizable crowd addressed by Peter in Acts 4:4. He has also noted chronological difficulties whereby <mask> "has Gamaliel refer to Theudas and Judas in the wrong order, and Theudas actually rebelled about a decade after Gamaliel spoke (5:36–7)", though this report's status as a chronological difficulty is hotly disputed

Brent Landau writes:

As an artist

Christian tradition, starting from the 8th century, states that <mask> was the first icon painter.He is said to have painted pictures of the Virgin Mary and Child, in particular the Hodegetria image in Constantinople (now lost). Starting from the 11th century, a number of painted images were venerated as his autograph works, including the Black Madonna of Częstochowa and Our Lady of Vladimir. He was also said to have painted Saints Peter and Paul, and to have illustrated a gospel book with a full cycle of miniatures. Late medieval Guilds of Saint Luke in the cities of Late Medieval


texts:
 Europe, especially Flanders, or the "Accademia di San Luca" (Academy of Saint Luke) in Rome—imitated in many other European cities during the 16th century—gathered together and protected painters. The tradition that <mask> painted icons of Mary and Jesus has been common, particularly in Eastern Orthodoxy. The tradition also has support from the Saint Thomas Christians of India who claim to still have one of the Theotokos icons that Saint <mask> painted and which Saint Thomas brought to India. Symbol

In traditional depictions, such as paintings, evangelist portraits, and church mosaics, Saint <mask> is often accompanied by an ox or bull, usually having wings.Sometimes only the symbol is shown, especially when in a combination of those of all Four Evangelists. Relics
Despot George of Serbia purportedly bought the relics from the Ottoman sultan Murad II for 30,000 gold coins. After the Ottoman conquest of Bosnia, the kingdom's last queen, George's granddaughter Mary, who had brought the relics with her from Serbia as her dowry, sold them to the Venetian Republic. In 1992, the then Greek Orthodox Metropolitan Ieronymos of Thebes and Levathia (who subsequently became Archbishop Ieronymos II of Athens and All Greece) requested from Bishop Antonio Mattiazzo of Padua the return of "a significant fragment of the relics of St. Luke to be placed on the site where the holy tomb of the Evangelist is located and venerated today". This prompted a scientific investigation of the relics in Padua, and by numerous lines of empirical evidence (archeological analyses of the Tomb in Thebes and the Reliquary of Padua, anatomical analyses of the remains, carbon-14 dating, comparison with the purported skull of the Evangelist located in Prague) confirmed that these were the remains of an individual of Syrian descent who died between AD 72 and AD 416. The Bishop of Padua then delivered to

masks: Luke Luke Luke


texts:
 Metropolitan Ieronymos the rib of <mask> that was closest to his heart to be kept at his tomb in Thebes. Thus, the relics of Saint <mask> are divided as follows:
 The body, in the Abbey of Santa Giustina in Padua;
 The head, in the St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague;
 A rib, at his tomb in Thebes.Gallery

See also
 John the Evangelist
 Mark the Evangelist
 <mask> the Evangelist

References

Notes

Citations

Sources

 This is a three-volume work documenting the international congress in Padua in 2000 on the topic of <mask> the evangelist, including his relics. (In Greek and Latin parallel)

Further reading

 I. Howard Marshall. Luke: Historian and Theologian. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press. F. F. Bruce, The Speeches in the Acts of the Apostles. London: The Tyndale Press, 1942. Helmut Koester.Ancient Christian Gospels. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Trinity Press International, 1999. Burton L. Mack. Who Wrote the New Testament? : The Making of the Christian Myth. San Francisco, California: HarperCollins, 1996. J. Wenham, "The Identification of Luke", Evangelical Quarterly 63 (1991), 3–44

External links

 Biblical Interpretation of Texts of Saint Luke
 Early Christian Writings: Gospel of Luke e-texts, introductions
 National Academy of Sciences on <mask> the Evangelist
 Patron Saint <mask>
 Photo of the grave of <mask> in Padua (in German)
 DNA testing of the Saint <mask> corpse
 Catholic Online

84 deaths
1st-century Christian martyrs
1st-century Greek physicians
1st-century writers
Four Evangelists
Ancient Syrian physicians
Antiochian Greek Christians
Black Madonna of Częstochowa
Burials at the Church of the Holy Apostles
Burials in Greece
Christianity in Roman Achaia
Gospel of Luke
Saints from Roman Anatolia
People in Acts of the Apostles
People in the Pauline epistles
Prophets in the Druze faith
Seventy disciples
Saints from Roman Syria
Year of birth

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<mask> (January 21, 1894 – October 30, 1967) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of St. Augustine from 1940 until his death in 1967. He also held diplomatic posts in Europe and Asia. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Cleveland, Ohio, one of nine children of Michael and Anna (née Durkin) <mask>. His parents were both Irish immigrants; his father was originally from County Mayo, and his mother from Sligo. <mask> received his early education at Holy Name School from 1901 to 1909, and then attended St. Ignatius High School until 1912. He was the only one among his siblings to continue his education past age 16.He applied to West Point, for which he was nominated by U.S. Representative Robert J. Bulkley before it was discovered that <mask> was not an actual resident of Bulkley's 21st congressional district. <mask> attended John Carroll University in Cleveland from 1912 to 1915. At John Carroll, he was president of the College Debating Society and the speaker at the commencement ceremony. He also played football for the Geiger Clothes Company team, earning the nickname "The Breezer." He began his studies for the priesthood at St. Bernard's Seminary in Rochester, New York, and was assigned to further theological studies at St. Mary's Seminary in his native Cleveland in 1917. During his summer vacations at St. Mary's, he worked as a naval observer in Sandusky. Priesthood
On May 29, 1919, <mask> was ordained a priest by Bishop <mask> Farrelly at the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist.His first assignment was as an assistant pastor at St. Columba's Church in Youngstown, where he remained for four years. In 1923, he

masks:
Joseph Patrick Hurley
Joseph Hurley
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texts:
 received an interim assignment to St. Philomena's Church in East Cleveland. Later that year, he was appointed to Immaculate Conception Church in Cleveland. In 1927, <mask> accepted an offer to serve as secretary to Archbishop Edward Mooney, his former professor at St. Mary's Seminary and now Apostolic Delegate to India. He later accompanied Mooney to Japan when he was transferred to the Apostolic Delegation there in 1933. Following Mooney's return to the United States as Bishop of Rochester, <mask> served as chargé d'affaires of the Apostolic Delegation in Japan from 1933 to 1934. During this period, he helped resolve a conflict that arose between Japan and Canada after the newspapers in Kagoshima accused Canadian Catholic missionaries of conducting spying operations on the fortified islands off Kagoshima Bay.<mask> was named a Domestic Prelate by Pope Pius XI in 1934. That same year, he became the first American to serve as an official of the Vatican Secretariat of State. During his work at the Secretariat of State, he acted as a liaison between the Holy See and the American Catholic hierarchy. He thus played an influential role in shaping the Vatican's policy towards Father Charles Coughlin, a controversial Michigan priest and radio personality. Episcopacy
On August 16, 1940, <mask> was appointed the sixth Bishop of St. Augustine, Florida, by Pope Pius XII. It was believed by some that his appointment was made in order for him to remain in contact with the ailing Myron Charles Taylor, the American emissary to the Vatican. Others believed the appointment was a punishment; <mask> had become a critic of the wartime policy of the Vatican, believing Pope Pius

masks: Hurley Hurley Hurley Hurley Hurley


texts: XII was overly fearful about communism and not fearful enough about Nazism.He received his episcopal consecration on the following October 6 from Cardinal Luigi Maglione, with Archbishops Celso Costantini and Clemente Micara serving as co-consecrators, at the chapel of the Pontifical Urbaniana University in Rome. Returning to the United States, he was installed as Bishop of St. Augustine on November 26 of that year. The bishop was instrumental in building up the Diocese, which encompassed all of Florida at the time. Bishop <mask>, according to one retired priest, would fly around the state and locate property where the several new interstates were being planned. <mask> would buy up the properties to established church parishes for the future. His vision allowed the Catholic Church to grow rapidly throughout the years. Before the attack on Pearl Harbor, <mask> was considered the most outspoken interventionist among the American Catholic bishops.He made enemies among isolationist Catholic clergy and laity by labeling the Nazi Party "public enemy No. 1" of the United States and the Catholic Church. He declared, "The foe of all we love, both as Americans and as Catholics, is the Nazi. Communism is still our enemy but ... in point of urgency if not in point of teaching, communism has now ceded its primacy to national socialism." In an editorial in his diocesan newspaper in 1943, he became the only Catholic bishop to issue a clarion call to Catholics to speak out against the extermination of the Jews taking place in the Nazi concentration camps, claiming that "the very basis of the Roman Catholic faith" compelled Catholics to challenge the "orgies of

masks: Hurley Hurley Hurley


texts: extermination" being perpetrated against the Jews. During World War II, <mask> aligned himself with the U.S. Department of State and began to act under the direction of government officials. His efforts were largely composed of black propaganda, the use of false source attributions.In a radio address in July 1941, he expressed his belief that President Franklin D. Roosevelt alone should decide upon U.S. entry into the war, saying, "It is up to him to safeguard the interests of the nation in times of great emergency. ...The problem [of entering the war] should be left to the Commander-in-Chief, who alone ... is capable of bringing us safely through." These remarks drew sharp criticism from Archbishop Francis Beckman, who subsequently denounced the "dictatorship pseudo-officially canonized by a brother cleric." <mask> described the Allied bombing of Rome as a "tragically mistaken decision," and predicted that "much of our national unity, much of the respect we enjoy abroad now lie with San Lorenzo, in ruins." He also opposed the idea that the United States should ally with Germany to oppose the Soviet Union. In 1945, in addition to his role as Bishop of St. Augustine, <mask> made a return to the papal diplomatic service and was appointed by Pius XII as regent ad interim to Yugoslavia. He thus became the first American to be raised to the equivalent rank of a nuncio.Relations between the Vatican and Yugoslavia had been deteriorating following the end of the war; the new communist government had been accused of murdering priests and the Church was charged with "obstructionist" activity. During his five years in Yugoslavia, <mask> negotiated with Marshal Josip

masks: Hurley Hurley Hurley Hurley


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 Broz Tito and worked closely with U.S. officials. In 1946, he represented Pius XII at the show trial of Archbishop Aloysius Stepinac by Marshal Tito for "crimes against the people." However, his relationship with Pius became strained after <mask> expressed his opposition to both the Vatican's policy towards Marshal Tito and to the removal of Archbishop Stepinac from his post in Croatia. In 1949, <mask> was relieved of his diplomatic post in Yugoslavia, and was given the personal title of Archbishop on August 14 of that year. Between 1962 and 1965, he attended all four sessions of the Second Vatican Council. Stateside, <mask> was a staunch opponent of outspoken Civil Rights actions during the 1960s, even avoiding Martin Luther King Jr. at the airport when their paths crossed unexpectedly.King would eventually write him a letter requesting his support for the movement—though to no avail. <mask> became ill while attending the Synod of Bishops in Rome, and returned to Florida for treatment. After being nominated on July 1, 1966, he served on the St. Augustine Restoration and Preservation Commission, which would be renamed the Historic St. Augustine Preservation Board in 1970. He later died at Mercy Medical Center in Orlando, at age 73. Notes

References
Gallagher, Charles R. 2008. Vatican Secret Diplomacy: <mask><mask> and Pope Pius XII. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.External links
Archdiocese of Omaha

1894 births
1967 deaths
Religious leaders from Cleveland
Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland
Roman Catholic bishops of Saint Augustine
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the United States
Participants in the Second Vatican Council
John Carroll

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Hurley
Hurley
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. Hurley


texts: <mask> I (, , ;  1040 – 29 July 1095), also known as Saint Ladislas, was King of Hungary from 1077 and King of Croatia from 1091. He was the second son of King <mask> of Hungary. After Béla's death in 1063, <mask> and his elder brother, Géza, acknowledged their cousin Solomon as the lawful king in exchange for receiving their father's former duchy, which included one-third of the kingdom. They cooperated with Solomon for the next decade. <mask>'s most popular legend, which narrates his fight with a "Cuman" (a Turkic nomad marauder) who abducted a Hungarian girl, is connected to this period. The brothers' relationship with Solomon deteriorated in the early 1070s, and they rebelled against him. Géza was proclaimed king in 1074, but Solomon maintained control of the western regions of his kingdom.During Géza's reign, <mask> was his brother's most influential adviser. Géza died in 1077, and his supporters made Ladislaus king. Solomon resisted Ladislaus with assistance from King <mask> of Germany. <mask> supported <mask>'s opponents during the Investiture Controversy. In 1081, Solomon abdicated and acknowledged <mask>'s reign, but he conspired to regain the royal crown and Ladislaus imprisoned him. Ladislaus canonized the first Hungarian saints (including his distant relatives, King Stephen I and Duke Emeric) in 1085. He set Solomon free during the canonization ceremony.After a series of civil wars, <mask>'s main focus was the restoration of public safety. He introduced severe legislation, punishing

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Ladislaus
Béla I
Ladislaus
Ladislaus
Ladislaus
Henry IV
Ladislaus
Henry IV
Ladislaus
Ladislaus


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 those who violated property rights with death or mutilation. He occupied almost all Croatia in 1091, which marked the beginning of an expansion period for the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. <mask>'s victories over the Pechenegs and Cumans ensured the security of his kingdom's eastern borders for about 150 years. His relationship with the Holy See deteriorated during the last years of his reign, as the popes claimed that Croatia was their fief, but <mask> denied their claims. <mask> was canonized on 27 June 1192 by Pope Celestine III. Legends depict him as a pious knight-king, "the incarnation of the late-medieval Hungarian ideal of chivalry."He is a popular saint in Hungary and neighboring nations, where many churches are dedicated to him. Early years (before 1064)

<mask> was the second son of the future King Béla <mask> of Hungary and his wife, Richeza (or Adelaide), who was a daughter of King Mieszko II Lambert of Poland. <mask> and his elder brother, Géza, were born in Poland, where Béla had settled in the 1030s after being banished from Hungary. <mask> was born around 1040. <mask>'s "physical and spiritual makeup testified to God's gracious will even at his birth", according to his late-12th-century Legend. The almost contemporaneous Gallus Anonymus wrote that <mask> was "raised from childhood in Poland" and almost became a "Pole in his ways and life". He received a Slavic name: "<mask>" is derived from "Vladislav".Béla and his family returned to Hungary around 1048. Béla received the

masks: Ladislaus Ladislaus Ladislaus Ladislaus I Ladislaus Ladislaus Ladislaus Ladislaus Ladislaus


texts:
 so-called "Duchy"which encompassed one-third of the kingdomfrom his brother, King Andrew I of Hungary. The Illuminated Chronicle mentions that Andrew's son, Solomon, "was anointed king with the consent of Duke Bela and his sons Geysa and <mask>" in 1057 or 1058. Béla, who had been Andrew's heir before Solomon's coronation, left for Poland in 1059; his sons accompanied him. They returned with Polish reinforcements and began a rebellion against Andrew. After defeating Andrew, Béla was crowned king on 6 December 1060. Solomon left the country, taking refuge in the Holy Roman Empire.Béla <mask> died on 11 September 1063, some time before German troops entered Hungary in order to restore Solomon. <mask> and his brothers, Géza and Lampert, went back to Poland, and Solomon was once again crowned king in Székesfehérvár. The three brothers returned when the Germans left Hungary. To avoid another civil war, the brothers signed a treaty with Solomon on 20 January 1064, acknowledging Solomon's reign in exchange for their father's duchy. Duke in Hungary (1064–1077)

<mask> and Géza probably divided the administration of their duchy; <mask> seems to have received the regions around Bihar (now Biharia, Romania). Géza and <mask> cooperated with King Solomon between 1064 and 1071. The most popular story in Ladislaus's later legendshis fight with a "Cuman" warrior who abducted a Christian maidenoccurred during this period.The relationship between the king and his cousins became tense in the early 1070s. When

masks: Ladislaus I Ladislaus Ladislaus Ladislaus Ladislaus


texts: Géza accompanied Solomon on a military campaign against the Byzantine Empire in 1072, <mask> stayed behind with half of the ducal troops in Nyírség to "avenge his brother with a strong hand" if Solomon harmed Géza. Realizing that another civil war was inevitable, the king and dukes launched negotiations to obtain the assistance of foreign powers. First, <mask> visited the Kievan Rus', but he returned without reinforcements. He then went to Moravia, and persuaded Duke <mask> of Olomouc to accompany him back to Hungary with Czech troops. By the time they returned to Hungary, the royal army had already invaded the duchy and routed Géza's troops at the Battle of Kemej on 26 February 1074. <mask> met his fleeing brother at Vác, and they decided to continue the fight against Solomon.A legend preserved in the Illuminated Chronicle mentions that before the battle, <mask> "saw in broad daylight a vision from heaven" of an angel placing a crown on Géza's head. Another legendary episode also predicted the dukes' triumph over the king: an "ermine of purest white" jumped from a thorny bush to <mask>'s lance and then onto his chest. The decisive Battle of Mogyoród was fought on 14 March 1074. <mask> commanded "the troops from Byhor" on the left flank. Solomon was defeated, but instead of surrendering to his cousins, he fled to the western borders of the kingdom to seek assistance from his brother-in-law <mask> of Germany. Géza was proclaimed king, but Solomon established himself in Moson and Pressburg (now

masks:
Ladislaus
Ladislaus
Otto I
Ladislaus
Ladislaus
Ladislaus
Ladislaus
Henry IV


texts:
 Bratislava, Slovakia). During his brother's reign, Ladislaus administered all of their father's former duchy.He repelled Solomon's attack on Nyitra (present-day Nitra, Slovakia) in August or September 1074, but he could not seize Pressburg. <mask> was also his brother's main advisor. Legend says that Géza decided to build a church dedicated to the Holy Virgin in Vác after <mask> explained the significance of the wondrous appearance of a red deer at the place where the church would be erected:

His reign

Consolidation (1077–1085)

Géza I died on 25 April 1077. Since Géza's sons, Coloman and Álmos, were minors, his supporters proclaimed Ladislaus king instead. Gallus Anonymus emphasizes that King Boleslaus II the Bold of Poland "drove out" Solomon "from Hungary with his forces, and placed [<mask>] on the throne"; Boleslaus even called Ladislaus "his king". Although the Illuminated Chronicle emphasizes that Ladislaus "never placed the crown upon his head, for he desired a heavenly crown rather than the earthly crown of a mortal king", all his coins depict him wearing a crown, suggesting that Ladislaus was actually crowned around 1078. Shortly after his coronation, <mask> promulgated two law books, which incorporated the decisions of an assembly of the "magnates of the kingdom", held in Pannonhalma.The majority of these laws were draconian measures to defend private property, showing that Ladislaus primarily focused on internal consolidation and security during the first years of his reign. Those

masks: Ladislaus Ladislaus Ladislaus Ladislaus


texts: who were caught stealing were to be executed, and even criminals who committed minor offenses against property rights were blinded or sold as slaves. His other laws regulated legal proceedings and economic matters, including the issuing of judicial summons and the royal monopoly on salt trade. The Illuminated Chronicle claims that Ladislaus planned to "restore the kingdom" to Solomon and "himself have the dukedom", but almost all contemporaneous sources contradict this report. Ladislaus approached Pope <mask>, who was the primary opponent of Solomon's ally, <mask> of Germany. At the Pope's request, Ladislaus sheltered Bavarian nobles who had rebelled against Henry. In 1078 or 1079, <mask> married Adelaide, a daughter of Rudolf of Rheinfelden, whom the German princes had elected to take the place of Henry IV as king.Ladislaus supported <mask>, Margrave of Austria, who also rebelled against Henry IV; however, the German monarch forced Leopold to surrender in May 1078. Taking advantage of the internal conflicts in the Holy Roman Empire, Ladislaus besieged and captured the fortress of Moson from Solomon in early 1079. However, Henry IV stormed the western regions of Hungary, and secured Solomon's position. The German invasion also prevented Ladislaus from assisting Boleslaus the Bold, who fled to Hungary after his subjects expelled him from Poland. Ladislaus initiated negotiations with Solomon, who abdicated in 1080 or 1081 in exchange for "revenues sufficient to bear the expenses of a king".

masks:
Gregory VII
Henry IV
Ladislaus
Leopold II


texts:
 However, Solomon soon began conspiring against Ladislaus, and Ladislaus imprisoned him. The first five Hungarian saints, including the first king of Hungary, <mask>, and Stephen's son, Emeric, were canonized during Ladislaus's reign.Stephen's canonization demonstrates Ladislaus's magnanimity, because Ladislaus's grandfather, Vazul, had been blinded on Stephen's orders in the 1030s. Historian László Kontler says that the canonization ceremony, held in August 1083, was also a political act, demonstrating Ladislaus's "commitment to preserving and strengthening" the Christian state. Ladislaus even dedicated a newly established Benedictine monasterySzentjobb Abbeyto Stephen's right arm, known as the "Holy Dexter", which was miraculously found intact. <mask> released Solomon at the time of the ceremony; legend said that Stephen's grave could not be opened until he did so. After his release, Solomon made a final effort to regain his crown. He persuaded a Pecheneg chieftain, Kutesk, to invade Hungary in 1085. Ladislaus defeated the invaders at the upper courses of the Tisza River.Expansion (1085–1092)

In August 1087, German princes who opposed <mask>'s rule held a conference in Speyer. The contemporaneous Bernold of St Blasien mentions that <mask> sent envoys to the meeting, and "promised that he would assist [them] with 20,000 knights, if it became necessary". <mask> also recognized Pope <mask> as the legitimate pope, rather than <mask>, who had been elected pope at <mask>'s initiative. However,

masks:
Stephen I
Ladislaus
Henry IV
Ladislaus
Ladislaus
Victor III
Clement III
Henry IV


texts: Ladislaus provided no further support to <mask>'s opponents after he was informed of Solomon's death in 1087. King Demetrius Zvonimir of Croatia's wife, Helen, was <mask>'s sister. After the death of Zvonimir and his successor, Stephen II, a conflict developed between factions of Croatian noblemen. At Helen's request, <mask> intervened in the conflict and invaded Croatia in 1091.The same year, he wrote to Oderizius, Abbot of Monte Cassino in Italy, about his invasion. Thomas the Archdeacon's chronicle describes how <mask> "occupied the entire land from the River Drava to the mountains called the Iron Alps without encountering opposition". However, his opponents crowned a local nobleman, Petar Svačić, as king. Svačić fought in the Gvozd Mountains, preventing the complete conquest of Croatia. <mask> appointed his nephew, Álmos, to administer the occupied territory. Around the same time, <mask> set up a separate diocese in Slavonia, with its see in Zagreb. The bishop of the new see became the suffragan to the archbishop of Esztergom in Hungary.<mask> admitted in his letter to Oderizius that he could not "promote the cause of earthly dignities without committing grave sins". Historian Bálint Hóman says that <mask> was referring to a developing conflict with Pope Urban II, who objected to Ladislaus's refusal to acknowledge the Holy See's suzerainty over Croatia. In the letter, <mask> styled himself as "king of the Hungarians and of Messia". Historian Ferenc Makk writes that the latter title referred

masks:
Henry IV
Ladislaus
Ladislaus
Ladislaus
Ladislaus
Ladislaus
Ladislaus
Ladislaus
Ladislaus


texts: to Moesia, implying that <mask> had taken the regions between the Great Morava and Drina rivers from the Byzantine Empire. No other documents refer to <mask>'s occupation of Moesia, suggesting that if Ladislaus did occupy the region, he lost it quickly. Alexandru Madgearu says that "Messia" should rather be associated with Bosnia, which was occupied during <mask>'s campaign against Croatia. The Cumans invaded and plundered the eastern part of the kingdom in 1091.The invading Cumans were leading by chieftain Kapolcs, they broke first in Transylvania, then the territory between the Danube and Tisza rivers. The Cumans tried to leave Hungary with their huge booty and prisoners, but King <mask> reached and defeated them near the Temes river. <mask> offered the Christianity for the Cuman survivors, the majority of them accepted, thus the king settled them in Jászság. The rumor of the losing battle reached the Cuman camp, the Cumans threatened King <mask> with revenge and demanded to free the Cuman prisoners. King <mask> marched to the Hungarian border to prevent the next invasion. The two armies clashed near Severin, the Hungarian army was victorious, King <mask> killed Ákos, the Cuman chieftain. Makk argues that the Byzantines persuaded them to attack Hungary, while the Illuminated Chronicle states that the Cumans were incited by the "Ruthenians".In retaliation, the chronicle continues, Ladislaus invaded the neighboring Rus' principalities, forcing the "Ruthenians" to ask "for mercy" and to promise

masks: Ladislaus Ladislaus Ladislaus Ladislaus Ladislaus Ladislaus Ladislaus Ladislaus


texts:
 "that they would be faithful to him in all things". No Rus' chronicle documents Ladislaus's military action. Bernold of St Blasien writes that Duke Welf of Bavaria prevented a conference that Emperor <mask> "had arranged with the king of the Hungarians" in December 1092. A letter written by Henry refers to "the alliance into which [he] once entered" with <mask>. Pope Urban II also mentioned that the Hungarians "left the shepherds of their salvation", implying that Ladislaus had changed sides and acknowledged the legitimacy of Antipope Clement III. In the deed of the Benedictine Somogyvár Abbey, <mask> stated that the abbot should be obedient to him, proving that Ladislaus opposed the Church's independence, which was demanded by the Gregorian Reforms. Ladislaus personally presided over an assembly of the Hungarian prelates that met in Szabolcs on 21 May 1091.The synod recognized the legitimacy of a clergyman's first marriage, in contrast to the requirements of canon law, which states that members of the clergy may not marry at all. According to a scholarly theory, the sees of the dioceses of Kalocsa and Bihar were moved to Bács (now Bač, Serbia) and Nagyvárad (present-day Oradea, Romania), respectively, during <mask>'s reign. Last years (1092–1095)

<mask> intervened in a conflict between Władysław <mask>, Duke of Poland, and the duke's illegitimate son, Zbigniew, on the latter's behalf. He marched to Poland and captured Herman's younger son, Boleslaus, in 1093. At <mask>'s demand, Władysław

masks:
Henry IV
Ladislaus
Ladislaus
Ladislaus
Ladislaus
I Herman
Ladislaus


texts: <mask> declared Zbigniew his legitimate son. The Illuminated Chronicle also mentions that the Hungarian troops captured Cracow during <mask>'s campaign, but the credibility of this report has been questioned. The Illuminated Chronicle states that "messengers from France and from Spain, from England and Britain, and especially from Willermus, the brother of the King of the Franks" visited <mask> in Bodrog (near present-day Bački Monoštor in Serbia) on Easter 1095, asking him to lead their crusade to the Holy Land.<mask>'s legend says that he decided "to go to Jerusalem, and to die there for Christ". The whole story was  invented, probably during the reign of King Béla <mask> of Hungary (who was actually planning to lead a crusade to the Holy Land in the 1190s), according to historian Gábor Klaniczay. However, <mask> did plan to invade Bohemia, because he wanted to assist his sister's sons, Svatopluk and Otto. He became seriously ill before reaching Moravia. The Illuminated Chronicle narrates that <mask>, who had no sons, "called together his chief men", telling them that his brother's younger son, Álmos, "should reign after him". <mask> died near the Hungarian-Bohemian border on 29 July 1095. A papal bull of Pope Paschal II in 1106 states that Ladislaus's "venerable body rests" in Somogyvár Abbey, implying that Ladislaus had been buried in Somogyvár.On the other hand, <mask>'s late 12th-century "Legend" provides that his attendants buried him in Székesfehérvár, but the cart carrying his body

masks:
I Herman
Ladislaus
Ladislaus
Ladislaus
III
Ladislaus
Ladislaus
Ladislaus
Ladislaus


texts:
 "set out to Várad on its own, unassisted by any draft animal". Family

Historian Gyula Kristó says that <mask> had a first wife, but her name and family are not known. She gave birth to a daughter, whose name is also unknown. <mask>'s daughter married Prince <mask> Sviatopolchich of Volhinia around 1090. <mask> married again in 1078, to Adelaide, a daughter of the German anti-king Rudolf of Swabia. Their only known child, Piroska, became the wife of the Byzantine Emperor <mask> Komnenos in 1105 or 1106. <mask>'s family and relatives who are mentioned in the article are shown in the following family tree.*According to a scholarly theory suggesting that Ladislaus had two wives. Legacy

Consolidation of the Christian monarchy

For centuries, hagiographers and historians have emphasized Ladislaus's prominent role in the consolidation of the Christian monarchy. The chronicles also stressed his idoneitas, or personal suitability, to reign, because the legitimacy of his rule was questionable. The Illuminated Chronicle clearly states that Ladislaus knew that "the right of law between him and [Solomon] was not on his side but only the force of fact". After Ladislaus's victories over the Pechenegs and the Cumans, the nomadic peoples of the Pontic steppes stopped invading Hungary until the Mongol invasion of 1241. Kristó suggests that the Székely peoplea community of Hungarian-speaking warriorsstarted settling the easternmost borderlands under Ladislaus. The "historic association of the Kingdom of

masks:
Ladislaus
Ladislaus
Iaroslav
Ladislaus
John II
Ladislaus


texts:
 Hungary and Croatia", which ended in 1918, began with Ladislaus's conquest of Croatia.His conquest marked the beginning of a period of Hungarian expansion, which ensured that Hungary developed into a leading Central European power during the following centuries. It became a customary rite for a newly crowned Hungarian king to make a pilgrimage to Ladislaus's shrine at Várad. <mask> of Hungary, who made many attempts to expand his territory in the Balkan Peninsula, showed a special respect for Ladislaus. Veneration

Gábor Klaniczay emphasizes that Ladislaus "seemed expressly designed to personify the knight-king ideal" of his age. During the reign of <mask>'s successor, Coloman the Learned, Bishop Hartvik said that Ladislaus's "character was distinguished by the respectability of morals and remarkable for the splendor of his virtues". The so-called Gesta Ladislai regis ("The Deeds of King Ladislaus"), which are the texts about Ladislaus's life and reign preserved in 14th-century Hungarian chronicles, were written during Coloman's rule. Five significant events of Ladislaus's life, which were not included in his official legend, were only preserved in the Gesta.The most popular story describes <mask>'s fight with a "Cuman" warrior after the Battle of Kerlés (at present-day Chiraleș, Romania) in 1068. In the battle, the united armies of Solomon, Géza and <mask> routed a band of Pechenegs or Oghuz Turks who were plundering the eastern parts of the kingdom. According to the version recorded in the

masks:
Louis I
Ladislaus
Ladislaus
Ladislaus


texts: Illuminated Chronicle, <mask> spotted a pagan warrior fleeing from the battlefield with a captive Hungarian maiden. <mask> pursued the "Cuman", but he could not stop him. On <mask>'s advice, the maiden pulled the warrior off his horse, allowing <mask> to kill the "Cuman" after a long fight on the ground. Archaeologist Gyula László says that murals depicting this legend in medieval churches preserved the elements of pagan myths, including a "struggle between forces of light and darkness". During the reign of <mask> of Hungary, <mask>'s shrine in the cathedral of Várad became a preferred venue for trials by ordeal.However, it cannot be determined whether <mask> became subject to veneration soon after his death, or if his cult emerged after he was canonized by Béla <mask> of Hungary on 27 June 1192. Béla had lived in the Byzantine court, where <mask>'s daughter, <mask>, was venerated as a saint. According to Thomas the Archdeacon, Pope <mask> declared that <mask> "should be enrolled in the catalogue of saints", but his report is unreliable, because Celestine <mask> was Pope at the time. Celestine <mask>'s bulls and charters make no reference to <mask>'s canonization, implying that <mask> was canonized without the Holy See's authorization. The nearly contemporaneous Regestrum Varadinense says that a bondsman, named "Tekus, son of the craftsman Dénes", opened <mask>'s tomb at the beginning of the ceremony, after which Tekus was granted freedom. Parts of <mask>'s head and right hand were severed so

masks:
Ladislaus
Ladislaus
Ladislaus
Ladislaus
Stephen II
Ladislaus
Ladislaus
III
Ladislaus
Irene
Innocent III
Ladislaus
III
III
Ladislaus
Ladislaus
Ladislaus
Ladislaus


texts:
 that they could be distributed as relics. The 15th-century silver reliquary that contains <mask>'s head is displayed in the Győr Cathedral.<mask>'s official legend, which was compiled after 1204, attributes a number of miracles to him. According to one of his legends, a pestilence spread throughout the kingdom during <mask>'s reign. <mask> prayed for a cure; he then shot an arrow into the air at random, hitting a herb which cured the illness. This plant became known as "Saint <mask>'s herb" in Hungary. <mask> is a patron saint of Hungary, especially along the borders. In particular, soldiers and the Székely people venerate him. A late medieval legend says that <mask> appeared at the head of a Székely army fighting against and routing a plundering band of Tatars in 1345.He is also called upon during times of pestilence. He is often depicted as a mature, bearded man wearing a royal crown and holding a long sword or banner. He is also shown on his knees before a deer, or in the company of two angels. Gallery

See also

 Szent László Infantry Division
 Isten, Hazánkért térdelünk (God, We Kneel for our Country)
 New England (medieval)

References

Sources

Primary sources

"Bernold of St Blasien, Chronicle" (2008). In Robinson, I. S. Eleventh-Century Germany: The Swabian Chronicles. Manchester University Press. pp.245–337. .
"Hartvic, Life of King Stephen of Hungary" (Translated by Nora Berend) (2001). In Head, Thomas. Medieval Hagiography: An Anthology. Routledge. pp. 378–398. .
"The letters of

masks: Ladislaus Ladislaus Ladislaus Ladislaus Ladislaus Ladislaus Ladislaus


texts:
 Henry IV: Henry thanks Duke Almus for his support and promises him a reward" (2000). In Imperial Lives & Letters of the Eleventh Century (Translated by Theodor E. Mommsen and Karl F. Morrison, with a historical introduction and new suggested readings by Karl F. Morrison, edited by Robert L. Benson).Columbia University Press. pp. 52–100. . The Deeds of the Princes of the Poles (Translated and annotated by Paul W. Knoll and Frank Schaer with a preface by Thomas N. Bisson) (2003). CEU Press. . The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle: Chronica de Gestis Hungarorum (Edited by Dezső Dercsényi) (1970). Corvina, Taplinger Publishing. .
"The Laws of King Ladislas I (1077–1095)".In The Laws of the Medieval Kingdom of Hungary, 1000–1301 (Translated and Edited by János M. Bak, György Bónis, James Ross Sweeney with an essay on previous editions by Andor Czizmadia, Second revised edition, In collaboration with Leslie S. Domonkos) (1999). Charles Schlacks, Jr. Publishers. pp. 11–22. . . . . . (ISBN may be misprinted in the book as 88445-29-2). Archdeacon Thomas of Split: History of the Bishops of Salona and Split (Latin text by Olga Perić, edited, translated and annotated by Damir Karbić, Mirjana Matijević Sokol and James Ross Sweeney) (2006). CEU Press. . Secondary sources

Further reading

External links

St. <mask> (in The Catholic Encyclopedia)
<mask>, King of Hungary (a painting from around 1326 in the Museo della Consolazione in Altomonte, Italy)
Üdvözlégy, kegyelmes Szent László király (Hail, Merciful

masks:
Ladislaus
St Ladislaus


texts:
 King St Ladislaus) (a hymn to King <mask>)

|-

1040s births
1095 deaths
Beatified and canonised Árpádians
Kings of Hungary
Kings of Croatia
House of Árpád
People from Kraków
Hungarian Roman Catholic saints
Polish Roman Catholic saints
Burials at Oradea Cathedral, Crişana
11th-century Christian saints
Medieval Hungarian saints
Roman Catholic royal saints
Angelic visionaries
11th-century Hungarian


texts:
<mask> is a Scottish prisoner who was found guilty, but later cleared on appeal,  of one of his convictions "collecting terrorist-related information, setting up websites...and circulating inflammatory terrorist publications", resulting in a sentence of eight years' imprisonment. His defence has consistently been that he was a curious 20-year-old youth, still living with his parents, who was "looking for answers on the internet". One of his convictions was quashed on appeal on the 29th of January, 2010. He remains a convicted terrorist. BBC programme maker Peter Taylor reported in his acclaimed three part series "Generation Jihad" that <mask> was linked to extremist Abid Khan, who was later imprisoned for Terrorist offences also. <mask>'s parents, of South Asian descent, run a general store in Alva, Clackmannanshire which their son believed should stop serving alcohol as an off-licence. Arguments with his parents led to his running away from home once, before returning.<mask> attended Alva Academy where he was a "model student", before enrolling as a Computing Technician student at Glasgow Metropolitan College. Arrests
On April 12, 2006, <mask> was accompanying his 40-year-old paternal uncle <mask> on a trip to his farm in the Punjab region, when officials at Glasgow International Airport informed the pair that they would not be allowed to fly. The laptop computer that Siddique was carrying was confiscated, and agents DC Murray and Leigh Graham opened the computers files, against police protocol. His cell phone was also seized, after a photograph of Islamic protestors of the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons was discovered. It was alleged he was flying to meet Aabid Khan, a friend of one of the Toronto 18, and thus may have been plotting to involve himself with the

masks:
Mohammed Atif Siddique
Siddique
Siddique
Siddique
Siddique
Mohammed Rafiq


texts:
 group. At 7am the following morning, local police officers, MI5 and Special Branch stormed the Siddique house with a battering ram, arresting <mask>, his older brother Asif, their uncles Rafiq and <mask>, 46 - the latter of whom was a 26-year resident of Stirlingshire. The uncles were released from Govan police station after thirteen days imprisonment.<mask> was charged the next day under Section 58(1b) of the Terrorism Act 2000, collecting information that would "likely be useful" to a terrorist. Asif, who was a 25-year-old law student, was released the day after <mask>'s charges were laid, after he was questioned about his feelings towards the September 11th attacks after police found postcards sent from friends he maintained in New York City. Trial
During the four-week trial under judge Lord Carloway, <mask> was accused of having shown photographs of suicide bombers to students at Glasgow Metropolitan College, classmate Kyle Ramsey stated that <mask> had encouraged him to watch an online video of a beheading, and classmate Fozia Begum testified that he had claimed Osama bin Laden was his god, and he was a member of al-Qaeda. He was also accused of carrying on email correspondence with a suspected militant identified only as "The Englishman" in court proceedings. The emails had been discovered after Canadian authorities requested Britain monitor a suspected militant recruiter living in Northern England. The advocate depute was Brian McConnachie, who characterized the material stating "It's clear from that material that the whole idea was to glorify martyrdom operations..."

In June, Evan Kohlmann was given access to the contents of <mask>'s laptop by the Central Scotland Police, and he submit an 18-page summary stating that the images, documents and videos that

masks:
Siddique
Mohammed Niaz
Siddique
Siddique
Siddique
Siddique
Siddique


texts:
 Siddique had downloaded comprised "a formidable archive of authentic Al-Qaida recruitment and technical material that is designed and likely to be used for purposes relating to the commission, perpetration, or instigation of an act of terrorism—most specifically, a suicide or 'martyrdom' operation". Forensic analyst Michael Dickson also argued that because the majority of files were kept in the c:\windows\options folder, it showed a clear intent to "hide" his interest.The trial concluded with nine hours of deliberation by the jury of nine women and six men, resulting in a Guilty verdict on September 27, 2007. After the conviction, Kohlmann said that <mask> "apparently lacked in the skills, sophistication, lengthy credentials, and cold-blooded professionalism" associated with actual terrorists and described him as "undoubtedly naive". After the trial ended, the prosecution alleged that it had been his intention to disappear once in Pakistan to join a Toronto-based group arrested on allegations of wanting to bomb Canadian targets, though his counsel pointed out that no evidence was ever produced to support the allegation, and referred to it as a "smear". Following the trial, Lord Carloway announced he intended to seek contempt of court charges against Siddique's solicitor Aamer Anwar for making "disparaging remarks" about the outcome of the trial, referring to an "atmosphere of hostility". <mask>'s leading counsel was Donald Findlay. Appeal
On the 29th of January, 2010, one of the charges against Siddique was overturned on appeal. The appeal judge, Lord Osborne, stated that some directions given to the jury by the trial judge, Lord Carloway, were a "material misdirection" and amounted to a "miscarriage of justice".The Crown Office issued a statement on 9 February

masks: Siddique Siddique


texts:
 2010  indicating that it had decided not to seek a retrial of <mask> <mask> on terrorism charges following the Criminal Appeal Court's decision two weeks ago to quash a conviction under section 57 of the Terrorism Act 2000, on the basis that the trial judge misdirected the jury as to the relevant law. The statement continues as follows:

“The law in relation to section 57 of Terrorism Act 2000 has, since the trial judge charged the jury, further developed through a number of decisions in the English courts. “After careful consideration of the Appeal Court’s judgment, the Crown has decided not to seek authority for a retrial. The fact that Mr <mask> has already served the majority of his sentence for charge 1, and has de facto served his sentence in full for the other terrorist offences, of which he remains convicted, means that a retrial would have little practical effect. Accordingly, the Crown has concluded that a retrial would not be in the public interest. "<mask> <mask> remains convicted of the other charges on the indictment which were:
 section 54 of the Terrorism Act 2000: setting up websites providing links to documents providing instructions on how to operate weaponry and make explosives
 section 2 of the Terrorism Act 2006: circulating terrorist publications by means of websites to encourage, induce or assist the commission, preparation or instigation of acts of terrorism)
 breach of the peace: showing images of suicide bombers, murders and beheadings to fellow students, threatening to be a suicide bomber and to carry out terrorism in Glasgow or elsewhere." References

Scottish people of Pakistani descent
People convicted on terrorism charges
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
People from Clackmannanshire
Overturned convictions in

masks:
Mohammed Atif
Siddique
Siddique
Mohammed Atif
Siddique


texts:
<mask>ville, Duke of Piney-Luxembourg, commonly known as Luxembourg (8 January 1628 – 4 January 1695), and nicknamed "The Upholsterer of Notre-Dame", was a French general and Marshal of France. A comrade and successor of the Great Condé, he was one of the most accomplished military commanders of the early modern period and is particularly noted for his exploits in the Franco-Dutch War and War of the Grand Alliance. Not imposing physically, as he was a slight man and hunchbacked, Luxembourg was nonetheless one of France's greatest generals. He never lost a battle in which he held command. Early years
<mask> was born at Paris. His father, the <mask>, had been executed six months before his birth for participating in a duel against the Marquis <mask>uvron. His aunt, <mask>, Princess of Condé, took charge of him and educated him with her son, the Duke of Enghien.The young Montmorency (or Bouteville as he was then called) attached himself to his cousin, and shared his successes and reverses throughout the troubles of the Fronde. He returned to France in 1659 and was pardoned, and Condé, then much attached to the Duchess of Châtillon, Montmorency's sister, contrived the marriage of his adherent and cousin to the greatest heiress in France, <mask> <mask>, Princess of Tingry and heiress of the Luxembourg dukedom (1661), after which he was created Duke of Luxembourg and peer of France. Luxembourg as general

War of Devolution and the Franco-Dutch War
At the opening of the War of Devolution (1667–68), Condé, and consequently Luxembourg, had no command, but during the second campaign he served as Condé's lieutenant general in the conquest of Franche-Comté. During the

masks:
François Henri de Montmorency Boute
François Henri de Montmorency
François de Montmorency Bouteville
de Be
Charlotte Marguerite de Montmorency
Madeleine de
Luxembourg