texts: the unmarried state as the highest (De monogamia, xvii; Ad uxorem, i.3) and called upon Christians not to allow themselves to be excelled in the virtue of celibacy by Vestal Virgins and Egyptian priests. He even labeled second marriage a species of adultery (De exhortationis castitatis, ix), but this directly contradicted the Epistles of the Apostle Paul. Tertullian's resolve to never marry again and that no one else should remarry eventually led to his break with Rome because the orthodox church refused to follow him in this resolve. He, instead, favored the Montanist sect where they also condemned second marriage. One reason for Tertullian's disdain for marriage was his belief about the transformation that awaited a married couple. He believed that marital relations coarsened the body and spirit and would dull their spiritual senses and avert the Holy Spirit since husband and wife became one flesh once married.<mask> is sometimes criticized for being misogynistic, on the basis of the contents of his De Cultu Feminarum, section I.I, part 2 (trans. C.W. Marx): "Do you not know that you are Eve? The judgment of God upon this sex lives on in this age; therefore, necessarily the guilt should live on also. You are the gateway of the devil; you are the one who unseals the curse of that tree, and you are the first one to turn your back on the divine law; you are the one who persuaded him whom the devil was not capable of corrupting; you easily destroyed the image of God, Adam. Because of what you deserve, that is, death,


type: original

texts:
 even the Son of God had to die." Tertullian had a radical view on the cosmos.He believed that heaven and earth intersected at many points and that it was possible that sexual relations with supernatural beings can occur. Works

<mask>'s writings are edited in volumes 1–2 of the Patrologia Latina, and modern texts exist in the Corpus Christianorum Latinorum. English translations by Sydney Thelwall and Philip Holmes can be found in volumes III and IV of the Ante-Nicene Fathers which are freely available online; more modern translations of some of the works have been made. Apologetic
 Apologeticus pro Christianis. Libri duo ad Nationes. De Testimonio animae. Ad Martyres.De Spectaculis. De Idololatria. Accedit ad Scapulam liber. Dogmatic
 De Oratione. De Baptismo. De Poenitentia. De Patientia.Ad Uxorem libri duo. De Cultu Feminarum lib. II. Polemical
 De Praescriptionibus adversus Haereticos. De Corona Militis. De Fuga in Persecutione. Adversus Gnosticos Scorpiace.Adversus Praxeam. Adversus Hermogenem. Adversus Marcionem libri V.
 Adversus Valentinianos. Adversus Judaeos. De Anima. De Carne Christi. De Resurrectione Carnis.On morality
 De velandis Virginibus. De Exhortatione Castitatis. De Monogamia. De Jejuniis. De Pudicitia. De Pallio. Possible chronology
The following chronological ordering was proposed by John Kaye, Bishop of Lincoln in the 19th century:

Probably mainstream (Pre-Montanist):
 1.De Poenitentia (On Repentance)
 2. De Oratione (On Prayer)
 3. De Baptismo (On Baptism)
 4, 5. Ad Uxorem, lib. I & II, (To


texts:
 His Wife)
 6. Ad Martyras (To the Martyrs)
 7. De Patientia (On Patience)
 8.Adversus Judaeos (Against the Jews)
 9. De Praescriptione Haereticorum (On the Prescription of Heretics)

Indeterminate:
 10. Apologeticus pro Christianis (Apology for the Christians)
 11, 12. ad Nationes, lib. I & II (To the Nations)
 13. De Testimonio animae (On the Witness of the Soul)
 14. De Pallio (On the Ascetic Mantle)
 15. Adversus Hermogenem (Against Hermogenes)

Probably Post-Montanist:
 16.Adversus Valentinianus (Against the Valentinians)
 17. ad Scapulam (To Scapula, Proconsul of Africa)
 18. De Spectaculis (On the Games)
 19. De Idololatria (On Idolatry)
 20, 21. De cultu Feminarum, lib. I & II (On Women's Dress)

Definitely Post-Montanist:
 22. Adversus Marcionem, lib I (Against Marcion, Bk. I)
 23.Adversus Marcionem, lib II
 24. De Anima (On the Soul),
 25. Adversus Marcionem, lib III
 26. Adversus Marcionem, lib IV
 27. De Carne Christi (On the Flesh of Christ)
 28. De Resurrectione Carnis (On the Resurrection of Flesh)
 29. Adversus Marcionem, lib V
 30.Adversus Praxean (Against Praxeas)
 31. Scorpiace (Antidote to Scorpion's Bite)
 32. De Corona Militis (On the Soldier's Garland)
 33. De velandis Virginibus (On Veiling Virgins)
 34. De Exhortatione Castitatis (On Exhortation to Chastity)
 35. De Fuga in Persecutione (On Flight in Persecution)
 36. De Monogamia (On Monogamy)
 37.De Jejuniis, adversus psychicos (On Fasting, against the materialists)
 38. De Puditicia (On Modesty)

Spurious works
There have been many works


texts:
 attributed to Tertullian in the past which have since been determined to be almost definitely written by others. Nonetheless, since their actual authors remain uncertain, they continue to be published together in collections of Tertullian's works. 1 Adversus Omnes Haereses (Against all Heresies) – poss. Victorinus of Pettau
 2 De execrandis gentium diis (On the Execrable Gods of the Heathens)
 3 Carmen adversus Marcionem (Poem against Marcion)
 4 Carmen de Iona Propheta (Poem about the Prophet Jonas) – poss. Cyprianus Gallus
 5 Carmen de Sodoma (Poem about Sodom) – poss. Cyprianus Gallus
 6 Carmen de Genesi (Poem about Genesis)
 7 Carmen de Judicio Domini (Poem about the Judgment of the Lord)

The popular Passio SS.Perpetuae et Felicitatis (Martyrdom of SS. Perpetua and Felicitas), much of it presented as the personal diary of St. Perpetua, was once assumed to have been edited by Tertullian. That view is no longer widely held, and the work is usually published separately from Tertullian's own works. Influence on Novatianism
The Novatians refused forgiveness to idoltarers or for people who committed other larger sins, and made much use of the works of Tertullian, some Novatians even joined Montanists. The views of Novatian on the Trinity and Christology are also strongly influenced by Tertullian. Ronald E. Heine writes, "With Novatianism we return to the spirit of Tertullian, and the issue of Christian discipline. See also
 Christian pacifism
 Credo quia absurdum
 Septimia gens
 Pseudo-Tertullian
 Tertulia


texts:
 Descriptions in antiquity of the execution cross
 List of Christian women of the patristic age

Notes

References

Bibliography

Further reading
 Ames, Cecilia.2007. "Roman Religion in the Vision of Tertullian." In A Companion to Roman Religion. Edited by Jörg Rüpke, 457–471. Oxford: Blackwell. Dunn, Geoffrey D. 2004. Tertullian.New York: Routledge. Gero, Stephen. 1970. "Miles gloriosus: The Christians and Military Service according to Tertullian." Church History 39:285–298. Hillar, Marian. 2012.From Logos to Trinity. The Evolution of Religious Beliefs from Pythagoras to Tertullian. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press. Lane, Anthony N. S. 2002. "Tertullianus Totus Noster? Calvin’s use of Tertullian."Reformation and Renaissance Review 4:9–34. O’Malley, Thomas P. 1967. Tertullian and the Bible. Language, Imagery, Exegesis. Latinitas christianorum primaeva 21. Nijmegen, The Netherlands: Dekker & Van de Vegt. Otten, Willemien.2009. "Views on Women in Early Christianity: Incarnational Hermeneutics in Tertullian and Augustine." In Hermeneutics, Scriptural Politics, and Human Rights. Between text and context. Edited by Bas de Gaay Fortman, Kurt Martens, and M. A. Mohamed Salih, 219–235. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Rankin, David.1995. Tertullian and the Church. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press. Wilhite, David E. 2007. Tertullian the African. An Anthropological Reading of Tertullian’s Context and Identities.Millennium Studien 14. Berlin and New York: De Gruyter. External links

Primary sources
 <mask>'s works


texts:
 in many languages, including Latin, and English, website intratext.com. English translations of all <mask>'s works can be found in Rev. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson, editors, 1867–1872, Ante-Nicene Christian Library: Translation of the Writings of the Fathers, Down to AD 325, Edinburgh: T&T Clark: Vol. 7 (<mask>'s Against Marcion), Vol. 11(Tertullian's Treatises, Pt.1), Vol. 15 (Tertullian's Treatises, Pt.2), Vol. 18 (Tertullian's Treatises, Pt. 3)
Works by Tertullian at Perseus Digital Library

Secondary sources
 EarlyChurch.org.uk Detailed bibliography and on-line articles. Jerome's On Famous Men Chapter 53 is devoted to Tertullian. The Tertullian Project, a site which provides all of the works of this Father of Church in Latin, translations in many languages, manuscripts etc. J. Kaye, Bishop of Lincoln (1845, third edition) The Ecclesiastical History of the Second and Third Centuries, illustrated from the writings of Tertullian.London: Rivington. Carthage
Church Fathers
Converts to Christianity from pagan religions
Post–Silver Age Latin writers
Christian anti-Gnosticism
Ancient Christian anti-Judaism
Florens <mask>us, Quintus
Christian pacifists
Ancient Christians involved in controversies
Christian apologists
Romans from Africa
Berber writers
Historians of the Catholic Church
Berber Christians
155 births
220 deaths
2nd-century Romans
3rd-century Romans
2nd-century Christian theologians
3rd-century Christian theologians
2nd-century Berber people
3rd-century Berber people
2nd-century Punic

masks: Tertullian Tertullian Tertullian


texts:
Chief <mask>, Q.C. (5 April 1905 – 22 November 1989) was a leading Nigerian nationalist, founding father, lawyer, journalist, trade unionist, thought leader and politician during the nation's movement towards independence in 1960 and immediately afterwards. Family history and early days

Chief <mask> was born in the southern city of Lagos, Nigeria. His maternal great-grandfather was the Oba of Effon-Alaiye. His maternal great-grandmother was the Owa (Queen regnant) of Ilesha. His grandmother was Princess <mask>trup, the daughter of the Ijesha monarch, and his paternal grandfather, <mask> of the Ogunmade Ruling House of Lagos, was the son of King Docemo. His father, known as "Spiritual Moses", was one of the founders of the Cherubim and Seraphim Church of Nigeria.Between 1911 and 1917, <mask> attended the Wesley School, Olowogbowo, Lagos. He then went on to Methodist Boys High School, Lagos, which he attended from 1917 to 1920. In 1921, he began attending the King's College, Lagos, and did so until 1923. In the following year, he became  Assistant Master at King's College, Lagos

Notable amongst his childhood friends were Nigeria's first president, Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe, who attended Methodist Boys High School with him, and Nigeria's first indigenous Chief Justice of the Federation, Sir Adetokunbo Ademola, and first indigenous surgeon, Dr <mask> Akerele, both from King's College. Higher education
H.O<mask>, or <mask>.D., as he was called, was one of the earliest Nigerians to use the University of London's distance learning program, he making friends by way of it with the likes of Lord Denning. He passed the London Matriculation Examination in 1925 in the

masks:
Hezekiah Oladipo Davies
Davies
Haas
Prince Ogunmade Davies
Davies
Oni
. Davies
H O


texts:
 company of Eyo Ita.He also attended the London School of Economics in 1935, where he was a pupil of <mask>, graduating with a BComm (Hons). In the same year, he was elected President of the Cosmopolitan Club of the School. While in the United Kingdom, he was President of the West African Student Union and was also a representative of the University of London on the Executive Committee on British Universities. He later returned to London in 1944, where he studied Law and was called to the English Bar at the Middle Temple Inns of Court, London in 1946. In 1959, <mask> spent a year as a Fellow of the Center for International Affairs at Harvard University

Political career

<mask> was a founding member of the Lagos Youth Movement in 1934 along with James Churchill Vaughan, Kofo Abayomi, Ernest Sissei Ikoli, and Samuel Akisanya. He was made Secretary-General. The Youth Movement was one of the earliest political associations to encourage active participation by Nigerians in the political and socio-economic development of the country.After returning from studies abroad along with Nnamdi Azikiwe, <mask> spearheaded the efforts that led to renaming the Lagos Youth Movement the Nigerian Youth Movement when both individuals became prominent members, contributors and national leaders with large followings. <mask> was the founding Secretary-General of the NYM. <mask> left the movement in 1951 and founded his own party, the Nigerian People's Congress. He later joined the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons after negotiations for a formidable alliance with Nnamdi Azikiwe were unsuccessful. <mask> was a Federal Minister of State in the Ministry of Industries

masks:
Harold Laski
Davies
Davies
Davies
Davies
Davies
Davies


texts:
 from 1963–1966 during the Nigerian First Republic. Legal and other professional life'
<mask> was a very successful lawyer, being one of the first two Nigerians (along with Chief Frederick Rotimi Williams) that were honoured with the distinction of Queen's Counsel in 1959. Among his many legal accomplishments, he was the only African lawyer among the legal team that helped defend Jomo Kenyatta, the future president of Kenya, during the famous Mau Mau Uprising case along with Mr. DN Pritt, QC from Britain, Mr. Diwan Chawaanlal from India; and De Sousa and Kapilla, both Indians resident in Kenya.That same year he left for the United States, where he attended the Research Center for International Affairs at Harvard University and wrote the book "Prospects for Democracy". During his time at Harvard, he met with and became friends with future US Secretary of State <mask> and future US National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski. He led a Nigerian delegation to the Economic Council at the United Nations in 1964, and in September 1974, Chief H.O<mask> was knighted by the French Government as Chevelier de l' Ordre national du Mérite for promoting French-Nigeria relations and for his significant contributions in energising Total Fina Oil and Elf Petroleum, companies of which he was a director. In 1937, <mask> became the Manager of a leading daily newspaper, the Daily Service, and in 1960 he was made the founding chairman and managing director of the then Nigerian National Press, Printers of the Nigerian Morning Post and Sunday Post by the Prime Minister, Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. Among his several accomplishments, Chief <mask> <mask> was a national president of

masks:
Davies
Henry Kissinger
. Davies
Davies
HO
Davies


texts:
 the World Peace Through Law, president of the United Nations Organization in Nigeria, chairman of the Rotary Club of Nigeria, and founder and inaugural president of the Nigerian-France Friendship Association. Prior to his death in 1989, <mask> <mask> published an autobiographical book entitled Memoirs.Staunch <mask> was a Wesleyan and a strong believer that the church should be "militant" in its practicality towards society, not only speaking out in support of the poor, but being actively engaged in ministries involving the poor and actively seeking co-operation among all Christian denominations to effect positive change. He was a key mediator during a fractious period in the history of the Methodist Church of Nigeria, helping to unite disparate factions within the church. References

Alumni of the London School of Economics
People of Sierra Leone Creole descent
TotalEnergies people
1989 deaths
National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons politicians
Federal ministers of Nigeria
1905 births
Politicians from Lagos
King's College, Lagos alumni
Yoruba legal professionals
Lagos State politicians
20th-century Nigerian politicians
Yoruba royalty
Nigerian Christians
20th-century Nigerian lawyers
Methodist Boys' High School alumni
People of colonial

masks:
Oloye
Davies
Christian Davies


texts:
<mask>  ( ; born April 21, 1939) is a Catholic religious sister and a leading American advocate for the abolition of the death penalty. She is known for her best-selling book, Dead Man Walking (1993), based on her experiences with two convicts on death row for whom she served as spiritual adviser before their executions. In her book, she explored the effects of the death penalty on everyone involved. The book was adapted as a 1995 film of the same name, starring Susan Sarandon and Sean Penn. It was also adapted as an opera, first produced in 2000 by the San Francisco Opera. She served as the National Chairperson of the National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty from 1993 to 1995. She helped establish The Moratorium Campaign, seeking an end to executions and conducting education on the death penalty.Prejean also founded the groups SURVIVE to help families of victims of murder and related crimes. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, the daughter of Augusta Mae (née Bourg; 1911–1993), a nurse, and Louis Sebastian Prejean (1893–1974), a lawyer. She joined the Sisters of Saint Joseph of Medaille in 1957. In 1962, she received a Bachelor of Arts in English and Education from St. Mary's Dominican College, New Orleans, Louisiana. In 1973, she earned a Master of Arts in religious education from Saint Paul University, an affiliated college of the University of Ottawa. She has been the Religious Education Director at St. Frances Cabrini Parish in New Orleans, the Formation Director for her religious community, and has taught junior and senior high school. Death row ministry
Her efforts began in New Orleans, Louisiana, in 1981.In 1982 an acquaintance asked her to correspond with convicted murderer Elmo Patrick Sonnier, held on death row in the

masks:
Helen Prejean
Helen Prean


texts:
 Louisiana State Penitentiary, known as Angola. Sonnier had been sentenced to death by electrocution. She visited Sonnier in prison and agreed to be his spiritual adviser in the months leading up to his execution. The experience gave Prejean greater insight into the process involved in executions, for the convict, families, and others in the prison, and she began speaking out against capital punishment. At the same time, she founded Survive, an organization devoted to counseling the families of victims of violence. Prejean has since ministered to other inmates on death row and witnessed several more executions. She served as National Chairperson of the National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty from 1993 to 1995.Dead Man Walking
She published Dead Man Walking (1993), an account of her relationship with Sonnier and other inmates on death row, and the factors related to her growing opposition to the death penalty. The book was adapted for a 1995 feature film of the same name; she was portrayed by Susan Sarandon. Her book also was adapted as an opera of the same name, first produced by the San Francisco Opera in 2000. The libretto is by Terrence McNally and the music composed by Jake Heggie. It has also been adapted as a play of the same name, which was first produced in autumn 2003. For her book, she drew from her experiences with Sonnier and with the convict Robert Lee Willie. He had been sentenced to death after being convicted of kidnapping and murder in two attacks in May 1980.Prejean also explored the effects that conducting the death penalty has on attorneys, prison guards, other prison officials, and the families of both convicted murderers and their victims. Since then Prejean has worked with other men sentenced to death. In December 2010, Prejean donated all of


texts:
 her archival papers to DePaul University. Campaigns, book, and awards
In 1996, she was awarded the Laetare Medal by the University of Notre Dame, the oldest and most prestigious award for American Catholics. In 1999, Prejean formed Moratorium 2000, a petition drive that eventually grew into a national education campaign, The Moratorium Campaign, seeking to declare a moratorium to executions. It was initially staffed by Robert Jones, Theresa Meisz, and Jené O'Keefe. The organization Witness to Innocence, composed of death row survivors who were exonerated after being convicted for crimes they did not commit, was started under The Moratorium Campaign.Prejean wrote a second book, The Death of Innocents: An Eyewitness Account of Wrongful Executions (2004). She tells of two men, Dobie Gillis Williams and Joseph O'Dell, whom she accompanied to their executions. She believes that both men were innocent of the crimes for which they were convicted. The book also examines the recent history of death penalty decisions by the Supreme Court of the United States and the record of George W. Bush as Governor of Texas. In 1998, Prejean was given the Pacem in Terris Award, named after a 1963 encyclical letter by Pope John XXIII that calls on all people of good will to secure peace among all nations. Pacem in terris is Latin for "Peace on Earth." Prejean now bases her work at the death Penalty Discourse Network in New Orleans.She gives talks about the issues across the United States and around the world. She and her sister Mary Ann Antrobus have also been deeply involved at a center in Nicaragua called Friends of Batahola. In 2019 she wrote a memoir titled River of Fire: My Spiritual Journey. In it she talks about her spiritual journey leading her to engage in social justice work. Awards and


texts:
 recognition

Prejean has given commencement addresses to more than 50 colleges and universities around the world. 2013: Robert M. Holstein "Faith Doing Justice" Award from the Ignatian Solidarity Network
2006: Christopher Award
2002: NUI Galway Honorary Doctorate (LLD)
1998: World Pacem in Terris Award
1996: Pax Christi USA Pope Paul VI Teacher of Peace Award
1996: Laetare Medal

References

External links

 The Dead Man Walking School Theatre Project
 Angel on Death Row: Newspaper accounts of the crimes and executions of Patrick Sonnier and Robert Lee Willie, Public Broadcasting Service
 "Sister <mask>jean: The Real Woman Behind Dead Man Walking", by John Bookser Feister, St. Anthony Messenger, April, 1996
 "Would Jesus pull the Switch?" by Sister <mask>, C.S.J., Salt of the Earth 1997
 "Conversation with Sr. <mask>jean" by Marilyn Rodrigues, The Catholic Weekly August 17, 2003
 The National Review and Sr. <mask>jean, C.S.J., August 1, 2006
 "Blood on our Hands: An Interview with <mask>jean", by Shannon Presler, The Other Journal.com January 19, 2009
 Walk the Talk Show with Waylon Lewis: "Sister <mask>jean of Dead Man Walking Fame," May 2009
 "The Death Penalty Nun," 2006 video biography , Trinity Wall Street
 "Late Night Live - Dead Man Walking (1993 Australian radio broadcast)

1939 births
Living people
Roman Catholic activists
American Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns
American anti-abortion activists
Sisters of Saint Joseph
American anti–death penalty activists
Saint Paul University alumni
People from Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Laetare Medal recipients
Prison reformers
DePaul University Special Collections and Archives holdings
University of Ottawa alumni
Catholics from Louisiana
20th-century Christian nuns
21st-century Christian nuns
21st-century

masks:
Helen Pre
Helen Prejean
Helen Pre
Helen Pre
Helen Pre
Helen Pre


texts:
<mask> (September 10, 1908 – August 27, 1996) was an American archaeologist and a central figure in the study of the prehistory of the Great Plains. He was born in Newton, Kansas to a family of Mennonites. In 1939 he married Mildred Mott, a fellow archaeologist and ethnohistorian. <mask> died in 1996 in Boulder, Colorado, about one year after Mildred's death. Education

<mask> began studying at Bethel College in Newton, Kansas. In 1928, he transferred to the University of Arizona to study under archaeologist Byron Cummings and visiting professor William Morris Davis. In 1930 he received his BA from the University of Arizona.He then transferred to the University of Nebraska for a M.A. degree and studied under William Duncan Strong. In 1931 <mask> received his M.A. degree. His thesis utilized Strong's direct historical approach to studying Pawnee archaeological materials. During the next four field seasons he was involved with excavations under the University of Nebraska and the Nebraska State Historical Society. In 1934, he published his first report on the Medicine Creek site, under Nebraska State Historical Society archaeologist A. T. Hill.In 1932 <mask> went to the University of California, Berkeley for his Ph.D. He studied under Strong's mentor Alfred L. Kroeber. While at Berkeley, Kroeber steered <mask> into conducting ethnographic research with the Comanche. <mask>'s interest at the time, however, was leaning toward studying the effects that climate had on prehistoric populations. He was influenced by the fact that the dust bowl was occurring in the Midwest. In particular, he was interested in studying the effects of similar droughts on prehistoric people. Kroeber discouraged this subject, so <mask> pursued his

masks:
Waldo Rudolph Wedel
Wedel
Wedel
Wedel
Wedel
Wedel
Wedel
Wedel


texts:
 interests under geographer Carl Sauer.In 1936 <mask> was the first person to receive a Ph.D. in anthropology with a specialization in archaeology from Berkeley. Career

After receiving his Ph.D., <mask> moved back to Nebraska and worked as an archaeologist for the Nebraska State Historical Society for one field season. In August 1936, he began his career with the Smithsonian Institution. His original position was Assistant Curator of Archaeology. Over the next 29 years, <mask> held numerous positions at the Smithsonian until his ultimate position of Senior Archaeologist. In 1976 <mask> retired from the Smithsonian but continued to remain active in research as Archaeologist Emeritus for the Institution. In the 1930s, <mask>, William Duncan Strong and A. T. Hill found archaeological evidence in Nebraska different from that of the prehistoric Central Plains and Woodland traditions.The evidence was attributed to a new culture called the Dismal River culture, or Dismal River aspect, for its location on the Dismal River basin, dated between 1650 and 1750 A.D. Among the positions that <mask> held was that of field director and party chief for the Smithsonian Missouri River Basin Surveys Project. The Missouri Basin Project was a separate division of the Smithsonian that existed for nearly 24 years beginning in 1946. The goal of the project was to survey the roughly  of the Missouri River Basin for archaeological remains that were to be affected by the construction of federal reservoirs. Although the project was technically a division of the Smithsonian, it was funded by a cooperative agreement between federal agencies such as the Bureau of Reclamation and the Army Corps of Engineers. During its time, the Interagency

masks: Wedel Wedel Wedel Wedel Wedel Wedel


texts:
 Archeological Salvage Program accomplished more archaeological recovery than any other river basin in the nation. The River Basin Project was eventually transferred to the National Park Service and led to the development of the Midwest Archeological Center.<mask> remains a key figure in archaeological studies. Because he never held an academic position he is important for shaping the image of the professional federal archaeologist. He has been referred to as "the professor without a classroom". Influences on archaeology

<mask> was influential to the study of prehistory for numerous reasons. Due to his experience with the Missouri Basin Project he developed a chronology of the Great Plains prehistoric cultural groups. One of his most used publications was Prehistoric Man on the Great Plains, which was widely read by both professional and amateur archaeologists. <mask> has also been cited as a central figure in the utilization of the direct historical approach for archaeology.This approach in archaeology focused on identifying cultural links between modern native groups with complexes found in the material record. <mask> explains his project:
"Here the task becomes one of linking the archaeological record with the documentary, of correlating late material culture complexes with the various tribal units known or thought to have inhabited certain localities". This tool for archaeologists has become especially important in recent times as a result of the effect of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, which requires the identification of cultural affinity for repatriation of remains. <mask> undoubtedly influenced archaeological theory due to his focus on Plains ecology and human history. In

masks: Wedel Wedel Wedel Wedel Wedel


texts:
 "Primitive Man in the Boulder Area" <mask> discussed the need to study archaeological materials from a multidisciplinary approach. He cited archaeology, geology, climatology, and biology as useful disciplines for explaining the past in a more comprehensive and insightful manor than typically practiced. He also was a long advocate for the use of the scientific method in archaeology, stating:
…I hold that, whatever its ultimate goal, archaeology can progress surely only as its practitioners adhere to the method and attitude of science – in essence, the acceptance of observed and verifiable facts, the eschewing of unsupported speculations and personal dicta, and a circumspect tolerance of that for which the observational, experimental, or experiential evidence is not immediately at hand.These two views were inspiring to the direction that the new processual archaeology began to take in the 1960s. Awards

1991 Plains Anthropological Society—first Distinguished Service Award to <mask> and Mildred Mott Wedel
1986 Society for American Archaeology—Distinguished Service Award
1985 Kansas State University—Honorary Sc.D. degree
1972 University of Nebraska—Honorary Sc.D. degree
1971 Bethel College—Distinguished Alumnus Award
1965 Elected to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences
1947 Washington Academy of Sciences—Award for Distinguished Service in Biological Sciences

References

External links

 National Anthropological Archives and Human Studies Film Archives

1908 births
1996 deaths
People from Newton, Kansas
Archaeologists of California
University of Arizona alumni
University of Nebraska alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Smithsonian Institution people
Bethel College (Kansas) alumni
20th-century American

masks: Wedel Waldo


texts:
Glenn Thomas Jacobs (born April 26, 1967), better known by the ring name <mask>, is an American politician, actor, and professional wrestler. He has been the Republican Mayor of Knox County, Tennessee since 2018. He is currently signed to WWE. He began his professional wrestling career on the independent circuit in 1992, wrestling in promotions such as Smoky Mountain Wrestling (SMW) and the United States Wrestling Association (USWA), before joining the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) in 1995. Jacobs played various characters until 1997, when he was repackaged as <mask>, a horror-themed personification of fire and juggernaut younger half-brother of The Undertaker and son of Paul Bearer. This "hellfire and brimstone" gimmick branches from acts of arson by The Undertaker as part of their characters' youth backstory. Jacobs would alternatively feud and team with The Undertaker as The Brothers of Destruction.Following his WWF debut, <mask> remained a pivotal component of the company's "Attitude Era" of the late 1990s and early 2000s, defeating the era's "poster boy" Stone Cold Steve Austin for the WWF Championship in his first pay-per-view (PPV) main event at King of the Ring in June 1998. He continued to headline PPV cards through 2018's Crown Jewel, and has appeared in more of such events than any other performer in WWF/WWE history until 2021, when surpassed by Randy Orton

Within WWE, <mask> is a three-time world champion (having held the WWF Championship, ECW Championship and World Heavyweight Championship once each) and a 12-time world tag team champion (having held the World Tag

masks: Kane Kane Kane Kane


texts:
 Team Championship, WCW Tag Team Championship and WWE Tag Team Championships with various partners). He is also a two-time Intercontinental Champion and a Money in the Bank winner, as well as the third man to complete WWE's Grand Slam. The last title <mask> won was the 24/7 Championship on September 16, 2019, the only title won under his real name. Veteran wrestler Ric Flair described <mask> as "the best in the world", while Big Show dubbed him "the best big man ever". <mask> holds the record for the most appearances in a Royal Rumble match at 20 as well as the highest cumulative total eliminations at 46. He headlined the WWE Hall of Fame Class of 2021.Outside of professional wrestling, Jacobs has made numerous guest appearances in film and on television, including the lead role in the 2006 WWE Studios production See No Evil and its 2014 sequel. He is also a longtime supporter of libertarian political causes. In March 2017, Jacobs announced that he was running for the mayoral seat of Knox County, Tennessee as a Republican. He went on to win the Republican primary election on May 1, 2018 and the general election on August 2, 2018. Early life
Jacobs was born in the Spanish town of Torrejón de Ardoz to a United States Air Force family that was stationed in Spain at the time of his birth. He grew up near St. Louis, Missouri, and attended high school in Bowling Green, Missouri, where he excelled in football and basketball. He went on to earn a degree in English literature at Northeast Missouri State University, where he played both basketball and football.Professional wrestling career

Early

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 career (1992–1995)

Jacobs debuted in 1992 under the ring name "Angus King", wrestling for the Hannibal, Missouri-based Central States Wrestling Association (which was owned and run by his childhood friend Mark Morton). In December 1992, Jacobs appeared with the Memphis, Tennessee-based United States Wrestling Association (USWA) as "the Christmas Creature", an "evil Christmas character" who wore a garish costume (made by Jacobs' mother) featuring a green mask, candy cane-striped sleeves, and tinsel. The Christmas Creature unsuccessfully challenged Jerry Lawler for the USWA Unified World Heavyweight Championship before leaving USWA later that month. In March 1993, Jacobs made a one-off appearance with World Championship Wrestling, losing to Sting on an episode of WCW Saturday Night filmed in Macon, Georgia, under the ring name "Bruiser Mastino". Later that year, he relocated to Tampa, Florida to further his training. During his time in Florida, he wrestled a handful of matches for the International Championship Wrestling Alliance as "Sid Powers". After leaving Florida, Jacobs returned to the USWA as "Doomsday".In October 1993, Jacobs wrestled a dark match for the World Wrestling Federation under his real name at a WWF Superstars taping in Burlington, Vermont. In December 1993, Jacobs wrestled in Japan for Pro Wrestling Fujiwara Gumi under his real name. Jacobs began 1994 wrestling for the Central City, Kentucky-based Tri-State Wrestling promotion and the Indianapolis, Indiana-based Championship Wrestling from Indiana promotion as "Doomsday", as well as making a handful of further


texts:
 appearances with Pro Wrestling Fujiwara Gumi in Japan. In May 1994, Jacobs relocated to Puerto Rico to wrestle for the World Wrestling Council as "Doomsday", where he feuded with Invader 1. In November and December 1994, Jacobs wrestled for the Catch Wrestling Association in Bremen, Germany as "Spartacus", competing in its Catch Cup tournament. In January 1995, Jacobs was hired by Jim Cornette for his Morristown, Tennessee-based Smoky Mountain Wrestling (SMW) promotion, where he was named "Unabomb" (a reference to the Unabomber). He briefly teamed with Eddie Gilbert before forming a tag team with Al Snow named "the Dynamic Duo" and beginning a feud with the Rock 'n' Roll Express.In April 1995 at the Bluegrass Brawl III event, the Dynamic Duo defeated the Rock 'n' Roll Express in a coal miner's glove match for the SMW Tag Team Championship (Jacobs' first championship). They held the titles until July 1995, when they lost to the Thugs. Later that month, the feud between the Dynamic Duo and the Rock 'n' Roll Express culminated in a street fight at Summer Blast 1995, with the Rock 'n' Roll Express victorious. In August 1995 at the SuperBowl of Wrestling event, Jacobs lost to World Wrestling Federation wrestler The Undertaker, who was making a special appearance with SMW. Jacobs made his final appearance with SMW at the following month's Fire on the Mountain 1995 event, with the Thugs defeating the Dynamic Duo in a loser leaves town match. World Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Entertainment / WWE

Early years (1995–1997)
Jacobs appeared with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) as


texts: "Mike Unabomb" at the February 20, 1995 Raw taping, defeating Reno Riggins in a dark match. He wrestled intermittently as "Unabomb" through August.Jacobs made his first television appearance with the company as "Isaac Yankem, DDS", Jerry Lawler's private dentist, in a vignette on the June 26, 1995 episode of Raw. Placing emphasis on Jacobs' imposing height and weight, Yankem was portrayed as a monstrous figure whom Lawler had hired for the purpose of ridding the WWF of his longtime nemesis, Bret Hart. The character's in-ring debut occurred at a Superstars taping on August 15, where Jacobs lost to Hart by count-out. At that month's SummerSlam event, Yankem was disqualified when he hung Hart by twisting him in the top and middle ropes by his neck. He lost to Hart in a steel cage match in the main event of the October 16 episode of Raw and finally in a tag team match against Hart and Hakushi, in which he was partnered with Lawler on November 6. After his initial run with Hart, Jacobs was part of an unsuccessful team in an elimination match at November's Survivor Series and participated in the 1996 Royal Rumble match in January. The remainder of Yankem's televised run through April included losses to The Undertaker, Jake Roberts, Marc Mero and The Ultimate Warrior.Jacobs was used on a series of live events in Kuwait in May, as well as a September tour of South Africa, after which the Yankem gimmick was retired. In September 1996, play-by-play announcer Jim Ross introduced Jacobs as Diesel, and Rick Bognar as Razor Ramon, as part of a heavily criticized storyline mocking the departure of


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 former employees Kevin Nash and Scott Hall respectively, while attempting to portray Ross as a disgruntled employee. The pair competed primarily as a tag team, losing a WWF Tag Team Championship match to titleholders Owen Hart and The British Bulldog at December's In Your House 12: It's Time. As Diesel, he lost to The Undertaker via disqualification in the main event of the December 22 edition of Superstars and defeated Marc Mero on Shotgun Saturday Night on January 11, 1997. Diesel and Ramon last appeared on television at the 1997 Royal Rumble, where Jacobs was the third-to-last participant. Jacobs continued to work sporadic live events as Diesel through April. In mid-1997, Jacobs briefly returned to the United States Wrestling Association as "Doomsday", winning the USWA Heavyweight Championship.Post-debut drama and emergence of <mask> (1997–1998)
In April 1997, the WWF "slowly and meticulously" began building up to the debut of Jacobs' new character of <mask>:  a horror-themed juggernaut and hellish personification of everything fire. The character's theme and persona is rooted in malevolent acts of arson by his older half-brother, The Undertaker, that occurred during their youth. Rounding out his "Hellfire and Brimstone" gimmick, <mask> was combined with a specialty match personalized to him, dubbed the "Inferno match". At In Your House 14: Revenge of the 'Taker, The Undertaker launched a fireball into the face of his former manager, Paul Bearer, who had previously had his protégé Mankind do the same to The Undertaker prior to the event. On the May 12 episode of Raw, Mankind


texts: reintroduced Bearer, who attempted to reunite with Undertaker after a long period of mutual hostility, using the ultimatum of revealing The Undertaker's "deepest, darkest secret". When Undertaker continually refused to once again align with Bearer, Bearer began tormenting him by telling him that his long-lost brother, <mask> (later revealed as Bearer's illegitimate son and the Undertaker's half-brother), was coming to the WWF to challenge him. In the ensuing months, Bearer implied that The Undertaker had murdered his family by starting a fire at their funeral home, except for <mask>, who was left physically and mentally scarred by the event.Undertaker claimed that <mask>, a "pyromaniac", was the one who started the fire and could not possibly have survived (however, in October 1998 Undertaker confessed to purposefully burning down the home in attempt to murder <mask>). Jacobs made his re-debut as <mask> at Badd Blood: In Your House on October 5, 1997, by using The Undertaker's signature "Tombstone Piledriver" to cost him the victory in the first Hell in a Cell match against Shawn Michaels. In keeping with the notion that <mask> had been burned and scarred by the fire—and to conceal Jacobs' identity—the character wore a mask, sported long hair, and wore red and black ring attire that almost covered his entire body. <mask> and The Undertaker feuded with one another over the following year, during which time their history vis-à-vis one another was expounded. Jacobs won his first match as <mask> against Mankind at Survivor Series. The Undertaker initially refused to face him, claiming he had

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 promised his parents he would never do harm to his own "flesh and blood". After what was thought to be a brief partnership, <mask> betrayed The Undertaker by costing him the WWF Championship, <mask> interfering in The Undertaker's title match against Shawn Michaels at the Royal Rumble.After the match, <mask> locked Undertaker in a casket and set it on fire. After a couple months of absence, Undertaker resurrected on an episode of RAW, in which he was reproduced from a coffin that was struck by lightning, in this moment furiously challenging <mask>. The Undertaker defeated <mask> at WrestleMania XIV on March 29. After the match, <mask> and Paul Bearer attacked The Undertaker. They continued to feud until Unforgiven: In Your House on April 26, when The Undertaker defeated <mask> in the first ever Inferno match. In this match, Bearer tried to help <mask> by attacking Undertaker, but as <mask> was retreating backstage, Vader forced <mask> back towards the ring, and The Undertaker attacked them both by jumping over the ring ropes surrounded by fire before setting <mask>'s right arm on fire. At Over the Edge: In Your House, <mask> defeated Vader in a Mask vs.Mask match. On the June 1 episode of Raw Is War, <mask> defeated The Undertaker to become the number one contender to the WWF Championship. At the King of the Ring, <mask> defeated Stone Cold Steve Austin in a First Blood match following interferences by Mankind and The Undertaker to win the WWF Championship. <mask> lost the title back to Austin the following night on Raw Is War. The Brothers of Destruction (1998–2001)

<mask> then formed

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texts: a tag team with Mankind, with whom he won the WWF Tag Team Championship twice. After losing the titles and turning on Mankind, <mask> allied with The Undertaker, with the duo being known as The Brothers of Destruction. At Breakdown: In Your House, <mask>, The Undertaker, and Stone Cold Steve Austin competed in a triple threat match for Austin's WWF Championship; <mask> and Undertaker were prohibited from pinning each other, so they pinned Austin at the same time.The half-brothers fought one another for the vacant WWF Championship at Judgment Day: In Your House, with the match ending in a no contest when special guest referee Austin counted a double pinfall and declared himself the winner; during the match, The Undertaker betrayed <mask> for Paul Bearer. At Rock Bottom: In Your House, <mask> interfered in the Buried Alive match between Austin and The Undertaker, attacking Undertaker and costing him the match. As a result, The Corporation had <mask> committed to an insane asylum. In December, <mask> joined The Corporation to stay out of the insane asylum. During this time, <mask> aligned himself with Chyna and feuded with Triple H. At WrestleMania XV, <mask> turned face after being betrayed by Chyna and thrown out of The Corporation. <mask> then formed a tag team with X-Pac and acquired a girlfriend, Tori. While teaming with X-Pac, <mask> evolved from being mute to aided speech through an electrolarynx to speaking unaided.He also became associated with D-Generation X (DX), the faction of which X-Pac was a member. His first unaided words were the DX slogan "suck it". The duo won the WWF Tag

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texts: Team Championship twice. The tag team broke apart when X-Pac turned on <mask> and rejoined DX. <mask> and X-Pac then engaged in a lengthy feud against each other, which was exacerbated in early 2000, when Tori betrayed <mask> and joined X-Pac and DX, leading to <mask> briefly reuniting with Paul Bearer. The former partners' feud eventually ended at WrestleMania 2000, where <mask> teamed with Rikishi to defeat X-Pac and Road Dogg. <mask> returned on the May 29 episode of Raw, when he helped The Undertaker and The Rock fight off the McMahon-Helmsley Faction.His involvement in this feud culminated in a main event match at King of the Ring against Vince and Shane McMahon, and then-champion Triple H. The Undertaker and <mask>'s rivalry resurfaced during the match, but they patched their relationship up soon after. <mask> later turned heel by assaulting The Undertaker, leading to a match between the two at SummerSlam. The match ended when The Undertaker removed <mask>'s mask, causing him to flee the ring, covering his exposed face. <mask> stayed in contention for the WWF Championship for the remainder of the year and ended 2000 in a feud with Chris Jericho; <mask> defeated him at Survivor Series and again at Rebellion, but he ultimately lost to Jericho in a Last Man Standing match at Armageddon. <mask> turned face once again by reforming his alliance with The Undertaker immediately after the Royal Rumble in which he eliminated 11 wrestlers and was the runner-up, after being eliminated by Stone Cold Steve Austin. In early 2001, <mask> competed for the Hardcore Championship, defeating Raven for

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 the title at WrestleMania X-Seven in a triple threat match that also featured Big Show, later losing the title to Rhyno on an episode of SmackDown!. <mask> and The Undertaker began teaming as The Brothers of Destruction, and in the course of the year they feuded with Edge and Christian, Rikishi and Haku, and The Two-Man Power Trip.At Judgment Day, <mask> defeated Triple H to win the Intercontinental Championship. <mask> lost the title to Albert on an episode of SmackDown! following interference from Diamond Dallas Page. During The Invasion, <mask> and The Undertaker feuded with Page and Kanyon after Page began stalking The Undertaker's wife Sara. The feud culminated at SummerSlam, where they defeated Page and Kanyon in a steel cage match, resulting in them holding both the WWF Tag Team and the WCW Tag Team Championships. <mask> and The Undertaker defeated KroniK at Unforgiven and both participated in the ten-man Winner-Takes-All match at Survivor Series as members of the victorious Team WWF. Unmasking (2002–2004)

On March 25, 2002, the WWF was divided into two brands, Raw and SmackDown!, with <mask> being drafted to Raw.<mask> shortly feuded with the New World Order and began acting human by talking through his mask and referring to his fans as "<mask>nites". <mask> returned to the renamed WWE as part of the Raw roster in August 2002, with a new outfit and half-mask. On the September 23 episode of Raw, <mask> and The Hurricane won the WWE Tag Team Championship after defeating The Un-Americans (Lance Storm and Christian). The following week on Raw, <mask> won the Intercontinental


texts: Championship from Chris Jericho, despite interference from Triple H and Ric Flair. On the October 7 episode of Raw, <mask> successfully single-handedly defended the World Tag Team Championship in a four-team Tables, Ladders, and Chairs match, as The Hurricane had been attacked earlier that evening by Triple H and Ric Flair and was unable to compete. That match was later nominated as WWE's 2002 "Match of the Year". <mask> and The Hurricane lost the World Tag Team Championship to Chris Jericho and Christian the following week on Raw.Also in October, <mask> began feuding with Triple H, leading to a match at No Mercy on October 20 in which both <mask>'s Intercontinental Championship and Triple H's World Heavyweight Championship were at stake. In the weeks preceding the match, Triple H claimed that, several years earlier, <mask> had an unrequited relationship with a woman named Katie Vick. He claimed that after Vick was killed in a car crash, <mask> had sex with her. Triple H later threatened to show video footage of <mask> committing the act in question; however, the footage that finally aired showed Triple H (dressed as <mask>) simulating mock sex with a mannequin in a casket; <mask>'s tag team partner The Hurricane responded the following week by showing a video of Triple H (rather, someone wearing a Triple H series of masks) getting an enema. The angle was very unpopular with fans, and was de-emphasised before the title match. Triple H defeated <mask> at No Mercy, due to Triple H and Flair cheating, unifying the two titles. On the October 28 episode of Raw, <mask> defeated Triple H in a


texts: non-title Casket match to end their feud.At Survivor Series, <mask> participated in the first-ever Elimination Chamber match for the World Heavyweight Championship, which was won by Shawn Michaels. <mask> then formed a tag team with Rob Van Dam, with the duo eventually winning the World Tag Team Championship from Chief Morley and Lance Storm in a triple threat elimination match (also involving The Dudley Boyz) on the March 31 episode of Raw. After they lost their World Tag Team Championship to La Résistance at Bad Blood, Triple H offered <mask> a spot in his stable Evolution. Raw co-general manager Stone Cold Steve Austin offered <mask> the opportunity to face Triple H for the World Heavyweight Championship if he rejected Triple H's offer; however, co-general manager Eric Bischoff insisted that if <mask> lost the match, he would unmask. <mask> accepted Austin's offer and challenged Triple H the following week in Madison Square Garden. Triple H won the match following interference from his stablemates, and on the June 23, 2003, episode of Raw, <mask> removed his mask. The unmasking rendered <mask> emotionally unstable, and in an interview with Jim Ross, <mask> attacked Ross and set him on fire.He later attacked Linda McMahon on the Raw stage. This action sparked a feud between <mask> and Shane McMahon, Linda's son, with <mask> defeating Shane in a Last Man Standing match at Unforgiven and an ambulance match at Survivor Series. During the latter event, <mask> also interfered in a Buried Alive match between Vince McMahon and The Undertaker, helping McMahon bury The Undertaker and win the

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 match. In January 2004, <mask> took part in the Royal Rumble match; he was eliminated when he heard the bell toll from The Undertaker's entrance music, distracting and distressing <mask>, and enabling Booker T to eliminate him. Over the following weeks, <mask> repeatedly insisted that The Undertaker was "dead", only to be met with various paranormal incidents such as a rainstorm localized over the ring in which he stood. The Undertaker finally returned at WrestleMania XX (again sporting his "Deadman" persona) with Paul Bearer at his side, defeating <mask>. Storyline with Lita (2004–2005)

After losing at WrestleMania XX, <mask> fell in love with Lita, but was spurned.This led to him kidnapping Lita in May, and on the same night, <mask> won a 20-man battle royal for a World Heavyweight Championship match against Chris Benoit at Bad Blood. Six days before Bad Blood in a handicap tag team match between <mask> and La Resistance against Edge and Benoit, <mask> pinned Benoit. However, <mask> lost to Benoit at Bad Blood. Lita later announced that she was pregnant, with Matt Hardy her then-boyfriend both on- and off-screen, assuming that he was the child's father. On the June 21 episode of Raw, <mask> claimed that he was the father. The next week, he explained that he had impregnated Lita to continue his legacy and justified an attack on Shawn Michaels a week earlier by claiming that Michaels had stood in the way of him winning the World Heavyweight Championship. To appease <mask>, General Manager Eric Bischoff gave <mask> a rematch with Benoit, instructing Benoit that he could only win by


texts: submission, whereas <mask> could win the title by any means.<mask> again lost to Benoit, and following the match, Lita came to the ring and low-blowed <mask>, who initially went to chokeslam her in revenge, but stopped when he realized that she was trying to force him to cause her to miscarry their child. <mask> and Matt Hardy faced one another in a "Till Death Do Us Part" match at SummerSlam, with Lita obliged to wed the victor. <mask> defeated Hardy at SummerSlam, and "married" Lita on the August 23 episode of Raw. Although he was attacked by Hardy during the ceremony, he gained the upper hand and ultimately chokeslammed Hardy off the stage. A week after the wedding, General Manager Eric Bischoff gave <mask> and Lita the wedding gift of choosing any match that <mask> wanted at Unforgiven. Shawn Michaels was chosen and defeated <mask> in a no-disqualification match at Unforgiven. The next night, on the September 13 episode of Raw, <mask> accidentally fell on Lita during a match with the debuting Gene Snitsky, who hit him on the back with a steel chair, ostensibly causing Lita to miscarry.<mask> sought revenge against Snitsky for causing the death of his child but lost to Snitsky in a steel chain match (which was selected by the fans) at Taboo Tuesday. <mask> was sidelined for several months after Snitsky crushed his larynx with a chair during the match. This storyline gave Jacobs time to complete his role in the film, See No Evil. <mask> returned in January 2005, defeating Snitsky at New Year's Revolution. After WrestleMania 21, <mask> and Lita reconciled with one another and began


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 antagonizing Lita's rival Trish Stratus. This led to a match between <mask> and Stratus' hired bodyguard Viscera at Backlash that was won by <mask>. Lita later turned on <mask> and started an on-screen relationship with her real-life boyfriend at the time Edge.This led to a feud between <mask> and Edge, whom <mask> defeated at Vengeance despite interference from Snitsky. The feud ended when Edge defeated <mask> in a Stretcher match on the July 25 episode of Raw. Teaming with Big Show (2005–2006)

<mask> returned to WWE television on the October 17 episode of Raw, winning an 18-man battle royal. As a result of his victory, he, along with Big Show and Shawn Michaels, was featured in an Internet poll to decide who would receive a shot at the WWE Championship at Taboo Tuesday. In the weeks before Taboo Tuesday, <mask> and Big Show teamed together on several occasions. The poll was won by Michaels, and <mask> and Big Show teamed together to face Lance Cade and Trevor Murdoch, defeating them for the World Tag Team Championship. The duo successfully retained their championship throughout the remainder of 2005, during which time they engaged in an inter-promotional feud with members of the SmackDown!brand. On the December 12 episode of Raw, <mask> defeated Triple H in an Elimination Chamber qualifying match, then <mask> participated in the Elimination Chamber match for the WWE Championship at New Year's Revolution but he was eliminated by Carlito and Chris Masters. He and Big Show feuded with Carlito and Masters throughout early 2006, culminating in a successful title defense at WrestleMania 22


texts: on April 2. The following evening, <mask> and the Big Show lost the World Tag Team Championship to Spirit Squad members Kenny and Mikey. One week later, <mask> and Big Show faced Spirit Squad members Johnny and Nicky in a rematch for the title, but were disqualified after <mask> "snapped", ostensibly due to "voices in his head". In subsequent weeks, <mask> began attacking anyone who mentioned the date May 19. During the match between <mask> and Big Show at Backlash, <mask>'s voice began echoing throughout the arena saying "May 19th", "It's happening again" and "They're all going to know", leaving <mask> visibly shaken.Big Show then struck <mask> with a chair, resulting in a no contest. On May 19, <mask> appeared on SmackDown! as John "Bradshaw" Layfield (JBL)'s hand-picked opponent for Rey Mysterio. After the aforementioned voices and mask video began playing, <mask> chokeslammed JBL and Mysterio, before leaving the ring. On the following episode of Raw, he claimed that May 19 was the date on which his mother and adopted family were killed in a fire. The voices continued to the May 29 episode of Raw, when <mask> was confronted by the source of the voice, an impostor <mask>; wearing <mask>'s old mask and ring attire, he chokeslammed <mask> during his match against Shelton Benjamin for the Intercontinental Championship. <mask> and the look-alike continued to fight one another in subsequent weeks, leading to a match between the two being scheduled for Vengeance, in which the real <mask> lost to the impostor.On the June 26 episode of Raw, <mask> threw the impostor out of the arena and removed

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 his mask, saying "I believe that this is mine". <mask> was absent from WWE television for two months thereafter as he toured Europe to promote See No Evil. <mask> returned at SummerSlam, attacking Umaga, who was interfering in the D-Generation-X versus Mr. McMahon and Shane McMahon tag team match. Upon his return, he faced his former partner Big Show for the ECW World Championship in a losing effort. Soon after, <mask> would engage in a major feud with Umaga that concluded on October 9 in a Loser Leaves Raw match, which he lost. Various feuds (2006–2007)

On the October 13 episode of SmackDown!, <mask> moved to the SmackDown! brand.On the November 3 episode of SmackDown!, <mask> reunited with The Undertaker as The Brothers of Destruction to defeat Montel Vontavious Porter (MVP) and Mr. Kennedy. <mask> continued a feud with MVP competing in several gimmick matches. The result of the feud was an Inferno match at Armageddon; <mask> won by setting MVP's back on fire which resulted in first degree burns. On the SmackDown! before the Royal Rumble, <mask> was involved in a six-man elimination over-the-top-rope battle royal, with King Booker, MVP, The Miz, Chris Benoit, and Finlay. This match went to a no-contest as The Undertaker interrupted after <mask> had been eliminated and punished by the remaining opponents. At the Royal Rumble, <mask> eliminated King Booker, but Booker re-entered the ring and eliminated <mask>.On the February 2 episode of SmackDown!, while receiving the key to the city in his hometown of Houston, Booker was attacked by <mask> starting a feud between the two. At No Way


texts: Out, <mask> defeated King Booker. On the February 23 episode of SmackDown!, <mask> lost to King Booker in a Falls Count Anywhere Money in the Bank Qualifying match after interference from The Great Khali, sparking a feud between the two. Before WrestleMania 23, <mask> started to walk around with a hook, similar to the hook he used as Jacob Goodnight in See No Evil. At WrestleMania, <mask> lost to Khali. During the match, in homage to Hulk Hogan slamming André the Giant twenty years earlier at WrestleMania III, <mask> picked up Khali for the first time and body-slammed him to the mat. After WrestleMania, he began to feud with William Regal and Dave Taylor.The Boogeyman then joined the feud, teaming up with <mask>. On the May 4 episode of SmackDown!, <mask> competed in a number one contender's match for the United States Championship against MVP. <mask> lost due to interference by Regal and Taylor. On the May 25 episode of SmackDown!, <mask> competed in a fatal four-way number one contender's match for the World Heavyweight Championship which was won by Batista. <mask> then entered a short feud with Mark Henry, losing to him in a Lumberjack match at One Night Stand due to interference from lumberjacks Kenny Dykstra and Chavo Guerrero and then took a short hiatus. On the July 6 episode of SmackDown!, General Manager Theodore Long announced that <mask> would face Edge for the World Heavyweight Championship at The Great American Bash. After Edge was attacked and injured by <mask> and the title was vacated, Batista faced <mask> in a number one contender's match on the July 20 episode of


texts:
 SmackDown!.During the match, new World Heavyweight Champion The Great Khali interfered by attacking Batista; the match was ruled a no-contest and both men were ruled the number one contenders and were scheduled to face Khali in a triple threat match at The Great American Bash. Khali retained the title after pinning <mask> for the win at The Great American Bash. <mask> later teamed up with Batista on the August 18 Saturday Night's Main Event XXXV to defeat Khali and Finlay. <mask> then entered a storyline with Finlay, which led to a match at SummerSlam, which <mask> won after chokeslamming Finlay. They continued to feud, which included <mask> losing to Finlay in a number one contender's tournament on the August 31 episode of SmackDown! after interference from Hornswoggle. ECW Champion (2007–2010)
<mask> then made an appearance on the October 16 episode of ECW as the hand-chosen partner of ECW Champion CM Punk, helping him defeat John Morrison, The Miz, and Big Daddy V in a three-on-two handicap match.In retaliation, Big Daddy V attacked <mask> on the October 19 episode of SmackDown!, igniting a feud between the two. The two continued to battle in the following weeks. <mask> was voted to face the defending champion MVP for his United States Championship at Cyber Sunday, which <mask> won by countout and thus did not win the title. After this, he continued to feud with Big Daddy V, with the two ending up on opposite teams at Survivor Series, where <mask>'s team won. Big Daddy V eventually began to team with Mark Henry, while <mask> teamed with CM Punk. The feud concluded at Armageddon, where


texts: <mask> and Punk lost to Big Daddy V and Henry after Big Daddy V pinned Punk. In a battle royal before WrestleMania XXIV, <mask> won by last eliminating former rival Mark Henry, earning a match for the ECW Championship against Chavo Guerrero later that night.<mask> defeated Guerrero in the second fastest WrestleMania match with a record-setting eleven seconds to win the ECW Championship. Shortly after winning the championship, <mask> officially joined the ECW brand. At Backlash, <mask> successfully defended the ECW Championship against Guerrero. He then continued teaming with CM Punk to earn a WWE Tag Team Championship match at Judgment Day, which they lost to John Morrison and The Miz. As part of the 2008 WWE Draft, <mask> was drafted to the Raw brand, making the ECW Championship exclusive to Raw. <mask> lost the ECW Championship to Mark Henry at Night of Champions in a triple threat match that also involved Big Show. On the July 7 episode of Raw, <mask> lost a number one contender's fatal four-way match to Batista (Batista would advance to the World Heavyweight Championship match at The Great American Bash), leading him to attack commentators Michael Cole and Jerry Lawler, thus turning heel in the process.At The Great American Bash, <mask> interfered and attacked both the champion CM Punk and the challenger Batista, causing the match to end in a double disqualification. In September, <mask> began a feud with Rey Mysterio that lasted through Survivor Series. On the March 2 episode of Raw, <mask> pinned Mike Knox in a triple threat match, also involving Rey Mysterio, to earn a spot in the


texts:
 Money in the Bank ladder match at WrestleMania 25, a match ultimately won by CM Punk. During the 2009 draft <mask> beat The Brian Kendrick for a draft pick and, later in the night, was drafted to the SmackDown brand. There, <mask> feuded with CM Punk and defeated him at Backlash. He then took a break to tour India and also heal injuries, returning at The Bash to assist Dolph Ziggler in his match with The Great Khali by hitting Khali with a steel chair, allowing Ziggler to win. This started a feud with Khali, whom he defeated at SummerSlam and in a Singapore Cane match at Breaking Point.Alongside Chris Jericho, <mask> was co-captain for the victorious Team SmackDown at Bragging Rights. <mask> then unsuccessfully challenged Jericho in a number one contender's match for an opportunity to face World Heavyweight Champion The Undertaker and Big Show in a triple threat match at Survivor Series. In November, <mask> reunited with The Undertaker to feud with Big Show and Jericho, thus turning face. At WrestleMania XXVI, during the Money in the Bank ladder match, <mask> was unsuccessful in claiming the briefcase as Jack Swagger won the match. Over the next few months, <mask> was involved in sporadic singles matches on episodes of SmackDown, including a loss to CM Punk in May in a qualifying match for the World Heavyweight Championship match for the Fatal 4-Way pay-per-view event. World Heavyweight Champion (2010–2011)
On the June 4 episode of SmackDown, <mask> stated he had found his brother The Undertaker in a "vegetative state" over Memorial Day weekend and vowed revenge on whoever was


texts: responsible. Due to Undertaker's injury, a battle royal was held to determine his replacement for Fatal 4-Way, which Rey Mysterio won by last eliminating <mask>.Mysterio would go on to win the match at Fatal 4-Way. <mask> participated in his fourth Money in the Bank ladder match at its first eponymous pay-per-view. He won the match, and cashed in his Money in the Bank contract later that night, defeating Rey Mysterio (who had just defeated Jack Swagger) to win the World Heavyweight Championship, thus making <mask> the first wrestler in WWE history to win the WWE Championship, the ECW Championship, and the World Heavyweight Championship. He became the first wrestler to cash in the Money in the Bank contract on the same night it was won and also holds the record for the fastest cash in at 47 minutes. On the next SmackDown on July 23, <mask> accused Mysterio of putting The Undertaker in a vegetative state; Mysterio countered the accusations, claiming that <mask> himself was the perpetrator. At SummerSlam, <mask> retained the World Heavyweight Championship against Mysterio, and following their match, The Undertaker appeared. <mask> was revealed as The Undertaker's attacker, thus turning heel once again and reigniting their feud.He successfully defended the World Heavyweight Championship against The Undertaker in a No Holds Barred match at Night of Champions. On the following episode of SmackDown, a casket was brought to ringside by druids to reveal the return of Paul Bearer, supporting The Undertaker. At Hell in a Cell, Bearer turned on The Undertaker and allied himself with <mask>, who


texts: retained the World Heavyweight Championship in a Hell in a Cell match with Bearer's help. At Bragging Rights, <mask> defeated Undertaker in a Buried Alive match after help from The Nexus to retain the title once again, thus ending their feud. <mask> then rekindled his feud with Edge, who on the October 29 episode of SmackDown was named the new challenger to <mask>'s World Heavyweight Championship at Survivor Series. On the November 12 episode of SmackDown, Edge kidnapped Bearer and started to play mind games with <mask>, trying to psychologically wear him down before their title match. At Survivor Series, <mask> retained his title after the referee determined the match a draw due to both men pinning each other at the same time.As Edge still had Bearer in his captivity, <mask> agreed to a rematch at the next pay-per-view. On the December 3 episode of SmackDown, Edge defeated <mask> in a non-title match to win the right to determine the stipulation for the title match; Edge chose a Tables, Ladders and Chairs match before leaving <mask> with a Paul Bearer lookalike and driving away with the genuine Bearer strapped to the back of a truck. The following week, <mask> accidentally injured Bearer, believing it to be another hoax by Edge, and Bearer was written out of the storyline. The week after, <mask> rampaged into the stadium to hunt down Edge hoping to get back at him but the two were nearly restrained by the entire Smackdown roster. At TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs, <mask> lost the World Heavyweight Championship to Edge in a four-way Tables, Ladders and Chairs match also involving Mysterio


texts: and Alberto Del Rio. <mask> received his rematch for the World Heavyweight Championship on the January 7, 2011 episode of SmackDown in a Last Man Standing match, but was unsuccessful. <mask> competed in the 2011 Royal Rumble match, the largest Royal Rumble match in history, and was the 40th and final person to enter the match.<mask> then competed in the 2011 Elimination Chamber match for the World Heavyweight Championship, eliminating Drew McIntyre and Big Show before being eliminated by Edge. The following month, <mask> reunited with the Big Show against a common enemy, The Corre, thus turning face once again in the process. <mask> and Big Show began challenging them for the tag team titles and saving other wrestlers from their attacks. At WrestleMania XXVII, Big Show and <mask> teamed with Santino Marella and Kofi Kingston to beat The Corre. The next week, a rematch took place under two out of three falls rules, which <mask>'s team won. On the April 22 episode of SmackDown, the duo defeated Corre members Justin Gabriel and Heath Slater to win the WWE Tag Team Championship, their second championship as a team. Big Show and <mask> then started feuding with the New Nexus.After defending the titles against CM Punk and Mason Ryan at Over the Limit, <mask> and Big Show lost the championship to Michael McGillicutty and David Otunga the following night on Raw. The team disbanded after the match, as Big Show suffered an injury. <mask> participated in the second annual SmackDown Money in the Bank ladder match, but the match was won by Daniel Bryan. On the July 22 episode of SmackDown after losing

masks: Kane Kane Kane Kane Kane Kane Kane Kane Kane Kane


texts:
 a street fight to Randy Orton, <mask> was attacked by Mark Henry, who injured his leg with a steel chair. WWE reported the attack had fractured <mask>'s fibula, likely to sideline him for five months. Re-masking and Team Hell No (2011–2013)

Beginning in November 2011, WWE began airing vignettes featuring <mask> and a burning red mask and ending with the words "<mask> Resurrected" appearing on screen. <mask> returned on the December 12 episode of Raw wearing a metallic mask and new ring attire inspired by the incisions of a postmortem human body after an autopsy.He interrupted the main event between Mark Henry and John Cena, attacking Cena before removing the metallic mask to reveal a new red mask and turning heel once again. <mask> continued to attack Cena in the following weeks, claiming he wanted Cena to "embrace the hate" from Cena's detractors, rather than try to "Rise Above Hate", as Cena's T-shirt proclaimed. <mask> also attacked and injured Cena's ally Zack Ryder. <mask> and Cena fought to a double countout at the Royal Rumble. After the match, <mask> attacked Ryder with a Tombstone Piledriver and then he chokeslammed Cena. On February 19 at Elimination Chamber, Cena defeated <mask> in an Ambulance match to end the feud. In March, <mask> initiated a feud with Randy Orton by attacking him.<mask> later explained that he needed to feel like a monster again, and believed that defeating Orton would allow him to do that. Orton retaliated in the following weeks, leading to a match at WrestleMania XXVIII, which <mask> won. In a rematch on the following SmackDown, Orton defeated <mask> in

masks: Kane Kane Kane Kane Kane Kane Kane Kane Kane Kane Kane Kane Kane Kane


texts: a No Disqualification match. After <mask> attacked Orton and his father, "Cowboy" Bob Orton, the pair faced off at Extreme Rules, in a Falls Count Anywhere match, which Orton won by utilizing a steel chair. At the Over the Limit pre-show, <mask> defeated Zack Ryder. <mask> then engaged in a three-way feud with WWE Champion CM Punk and Daniel Bryan after Bryan interfered in a non-title match between <mask> and Punk to frame Punk for attacking <mask> with a steel chair. On the June 1 episode of SmackDown, a WWE Championship match between <mask> and Punk ended in a double disqualification after Bryan attacked both men.On the June 4 episode of Raw, <mask> beat CM Punk in a non-title match, and on the June 22 episode of SmackDown, <mask> defeated Daniel Bryan. Meanwhile, Bryan's jilted ex-girlfriend AJ Lee turned her affections to both Punk and <mask>. The feud culminated in a triple threat match at No Way Out, where Punk retained the WWE Championship after AJ distracted <mask>. At Raw 1000, <mask> turned face once again when he was saved by his brother The Undertaker from an attack by Jinder Mahal, Drew McIntyre, Tyler Reks, Curt Hawkins, Hunico and Camacho. At SummerSlam, <mask> was defeated by Bryan. As a result of Bryan and <mask>'s issues, AJ enrolled them in anger management classes hosted by Dr. Shelby and they were later forced to compete in a "Hug it Out" match. At the arrangement of Dr. Shelby and AJ, the two adversaries formed a team whose constant infighting during matches inadvertently resulted in them defeating The Prime Time Players (Titus O'Neil and Darren Young) to become the


texts: number one contenders to the WWE Tag Team Championship, and defeating champions Kofi Kingston and R-Truth to win the titles at Night of Champions.<mask> and Bryan made their first successful title defense the following night on Raw, defeating the former champions in a rematch. The following week on Raw, "Team Hell No" was chosen as the official team name via a Twitter poll. Team Hell No entered a feud with Team Rhodes Scholars (Cody Rhodes and Damien Sandow), and successfully defended the championship against them on multiple occasions. On the November 26 episode of Raw, both <mask> and Bryan were assaulted by The Shield (Dean Ambrose, Seth Rollins, and Roman Reigns). Team Hell No allied with Ryback to face The Shield, but lost a Tables, Ladders, and Chairs match at TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs. Further successful title defenses against Team Rhodes Scholars and 3 MB (Drew McIntyre and Heath Slater) followed throughout December 2012 and January 2013. On the February 11 episode of Raw, <mask> defeated Dolph Ziggler to earn the final spot in the number one contender Elimination Chamber match for the World Heavyweight Championship, but was the second man eliminated from the match at the Elimination Chamber pay-per-view.On April 7 at WrestleMania 29, Team Hell No defeated Dolph Ziggler and Big E Langston in another successful title defense. Following WrestleMania, Team Hell No rekindled their rivalry with The Shield after they saved The Undertaker from The Shield. On the April 22 episode of Raw, Team Hell No and The Undertaker were defeated by the Shield in a six-man tag team match. <mask>


texts:
 and Bryan then faced members of the stable in both tag team and singles competition, but were mainly unsuccessful. On May 19 at Extreme Rules, <mask> and Bryan lost the WWE Tag Team Championship to Shield members Seth Rollins and Roman Reigns, ending their reign at 245 days. Team Hell No lost their WWE Tag Team Championship rematch against Reigns and Rollins on the May 27 episode of Raw. On the June 14 episode of SmackDown, <mask>, Bryan and Randy Orton ended the Shield's unpinned/unsubmitted streak in televised six-man tag matches.<mask> unsuccessfully challenged Dean Ambrose for the United States Championship two days later at Payback and the following night on Raw. On the July 8 episode of Raw, <mask> beat Christian in a Money in the Bank qualifying match, then he was attacked and injured by the debuting Wyatt Family, removing him from his scheduled match at Money in the Bank. <mask> returned three weeks later, losing to Bryan. Following the match, he was attacked again by The Wyatt Family, setting up a Ring of Fire match at SummerSlam against Bray Wyatt. <mask> lost the match, following interference from Erick Rowan and Luke Harper, and after another attack, he was carried out of the arena by The Wyatt Family. The storyline was put in place to allow Jacobs time off to film See No Evil 2. The Authority (2013–2015)

Following a two-month hiatus, <mask> returned at Hell in a Cell on October 27, attacking both The Wyatt Family and The Miz.The next night on Raw, <mask> turned heel again as he pledged allegiance to Stephanie McMahon by handing her his mask, and reinforced his loyalty the


texts: next week by aiding members of The Authority. As part of his character change, he appeared unmasked and wore a suit and tie to fit in with the corporate ideology of The Authority, and was given a fictional role as "Director of Operations". When appearing in a suit and tie <mask> was referred to as "<mask>." <mask> participated in the 2014 Royal Rumble, and was eliminated by CM Punk. He re-appeared later during the match, eliminating Punk to tie the record for most eliminations in the Royal Rumble match; however, his thirteen-year-old record for most eliminations in a single Rumble was broken by Roman Reigns. <mask> then involved himself in The Authority's feud with Daniel Bryan, which included <mask> booking himself in a match with Bryan on the February 17 episode of Raw and interfering in the WWE World Heavyweight Championship Elimination Chamber match at Elimination Chamber (where Randy Orton was defending his championship against Bryan, John Cena, Sheamus, Cesaro, and                Christian.) Following WrestleMania XXX, after <mask> and The New Age Outlaws lost to The Shield, <mask> was berated by Stephanie McMahon and told to find the "Big Red Monster" that he was before.He returned to his masked self that same week, attacking Big Show following the April 15 episode of Main Event. On the April 21 episode of Raw, Stephanie McMahon announced <mask> as the number one contender to the WWE World Heavyweight Championship at Extreme Rules, prompting <mask> to attack champion Daniel Bryan and his wife Brie Bella. <mask> lost his title match to Bryan at Extreme Rules. At Money in the Bank,

masks:
Kane
Corporate Kane
Kane
Kane
Kane
Kane
Kane
Kane
Kane
Kane


texts: <mask> helped Seth Rollins win his Money in the Bank contract, and then he competed in a WWE World Heavyweight Championship ladder match, which was won by John Cena. At Battleground, <mask> competed in a WWE World Heavyweight Championship fatal four-way match against John Cena, Randy Orton, and Roman Reigns, but Cena retained the title. On the July 28 episode of Raw, <mask> was scheduled to face Roman Reigns, but <mask> and Randy Orton attacked Reigns before the match began. On the August 4 episode of Raw, after <mask> lost to Roman Reigns in a Last Man Standing match, he relinquished his mask and gave it to Stephanie McMahon.The following week on Raw, <mask> resumed his role as The Authority's Director of Operations. At Survivor Series, <mask> was part of Team Authority in the main event, and was eliminated by Dolph Ziggler, who ultimately won the match for Team Cena. After Survivor Series, he began feuding with Ryback, which led to a chairs match between the two at TLC, where Ryback emerged victorious. At Royal Rumble, <mask> eliminated four superstars, thus surpassing the record for most overall eliminations in the Royal Rumble match. At Fastlane, <mask>, Big Show, and Seth Rollins defeated Dolph Ziggler, Erick Rowan, and Ryback, after <mask> pinned Ziggler. <mask> participated in the 2nd Annual André the Giant Memorial Battle Royal at WrestleMania 31, and was eliminated by Cesaro. At Extreme Rules, <mask> served as the "gatekeeper" for the WWE World Heavyweight Championship Steel Cage match between Seth Rollins and Randy Orton, which Rollins won by escaping the cage.At Payback, <mask>


texts:
 secured his role as Director of Operations by helping Rollins retain his title in a fatal four-way match against Dean Ambrose, Randy Orton, and Roman Reigns. At Money in the Bank, <mask> participated in the Money in the Bank ladder match, which was won by Sheamus. On the July 13 episode of Raw, <mask> was injured by Brock Lesnar, who smashed his ankle with the steel ring steps. Following the attack, Rollins berated <mask> and kicked his injured ankle. <mask> returned at Night of Champions with his mask as his "Demon" persona, preventing Sheamus from cashing in his Money in the Bank contract and attacking Seth Rollins, thus turning face in the process. <mask> appeared as both his "Demon" and "Corporate" personas and continued his feud with Rollins, defeating him in a lumberjack match on the October 12 episode of Raw. "Demon" <mask> lost his WWE World Heavyweight Championship match against Rollins at Hell in a Cell, and as per the stipulation, "Corporate" <mask> was fired from his role as The Authority's Director of Operations.Tag team reunions (2015–2018)

Following Hell in a Cell, <mask> reunited with The Undertaker to feud with The Wyatt Family. At Survivor Series, The Brothers of Destruction defeated Bray Wyatt and Luke Harper in a tag team match. <mask> was the seventh entrant in the 2016 Royal Rumble match, and was eliminated by Braun Strowman. At Fastlane, <mask> teamed up with Big Show and Ryback to defeat The Wyatt Family. At WrestleMania 32, <mask> participated in the André the Giant Memorial Battle Royal, and was the runner-up, being eliminated by eventual winner Baron Corbin.


texts: On July 19 at the 2016 WWE draft, <mask> was drafted to the SmackDown brand. At Backlash in September, <mask> defeated Bray Wyatt following interference by Randy Orton.At Survivor Series, <mask> defeated Luke Harper on the kick-off show. A rematch between the two was made on the November 29 episode of SmackDown Live, in which <mask> was once again victorious. On the October 16, 2017 episode of Raw, after ten months of inactivity, <mask> made a surprise return when he came from under the ring to attack Roman Reigns, costing him a Steel Cage match against Braun Strowman and joining The Miz's team at TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs, thus moving to the Raw brand and turning heel in the process. At TLC on October 22, <mask>, Miz, Strowman, and The Bar were originally scheduled to compete in a 5-on-3 handicap TLC match against The Shield, but Roman Reigns was sidelined due to real-life illness. Donning the signature Shield ring attire, Kurt Angle took Reigns' place in the match as an honorary member of The Shield alongside Seth Rollins and Dean Ambrose. <mask>, Strowman and The Bar lost the match after <mask>, Miz and The Bar betrayed Strowman. After defeating the likes of Finn Bálor and Seth Rollins, <mask> engaged in a feud with Strowman.On the December 11 episode of Raw, <mask> and Strowman fought to a double countout in a match to determine the number one contender to Brock Lesnar's Universal Championship. At the Royal Rumble, Lesnar retained his title in a triple threat match against both <mask> and Strowman. <mask> was written off television after losing a Last Man Standing match against

masks: Kane Kane Kane Kane Kane Kane Kanez Kane Kane Kane Kane Kane


texts:
 Strowman the following night on Raw. He returned on the March 19 episode of Raw and chokeslammed John Cena after Cena called out The Undertaker. The following week on Raw, <mask> lost to Cena in a no disqualification match. At WrestleMania 34, <mask> participated in the André the Giant Memorial Battle Royal, and lasted until the final four but was ultimately unsuccessful. <mask> returned as a face on the June 26 episode of SmackDown Live and saved Daniel Bryan from SmackDown Tag Team Champions The Bludgeon Brothers, thus reuniting Team Hell No.At Extreme Rules, Team Hell No lost to The Bludgeon Brothers in a SmackDown Tag Team Championship match after <mask> was attacked by his opponents backstage. <mask> made his return on the October 1 episode of Raw and reunited with The Undertaker to feud with Triple H and Shawn Michaels. At Super Show-Down in Melbourne, Australia, Undertaker was defeated by Triple H following interference by Michaels. After the match, <mask> and Undertaker attacked Michaels and Triple H, setting up a tag team match between The Brothers of Destruction and D-Generation X at Crown Jewel on November 2. At Crown Jewel, despite dominating most of the match, the Brothers of Destruction lost to D-X after Triple H pinned <mask>. Sporadic appearances (2019–present)
On the September 16, 2019 episode of Raw, <mask> returned after a haitus of nearly a year this time under his real name, and he pinned R-Truth to capture the 24/7 Championship, his only championship won under his real name, but dropped the title back to Truth. Later that night, he re-emerged under his <mask>

masks: Kane Kane Kane Kane Kane Kane Kane Kane Kane


texts:
 persona, and saved Universal Champion Seth Rollins from The O.C.(AJ Styles, Luke Gallows, and Karl Anderson) and Raw Tag Team Champions Dolph Ziggler and Robert Roode, but was subsequently attacked by "The Fiend" Bray Wyatt. <mask> returned on the January 17, 2020 episode of SmackDown, where he was interrupted by The Fiend, but Daniel Bryan would attack The Fiend with a running knee and the two would subsequently have a brief reunion afterwards. At Survivor Series on November 22, he made an appearance during The Undertaker's retirement ceremony. At Royal Rumble on January 31, 2021, <mask> appeared as a surprise entrant in the Royal Rumble match, eliminating Dolph Ziggler and Ricochet before being eliminated by Damian Priest. On March 24, 2021, it was announced that <mask> would be inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame as part of the class of 2021. <mask>'s induction was completed on April 1, 2021. On September 17, prior to SmackDown, <mask> presented Bianca Belair with a proclamation from the Tennessee Senate.He later appeared during SmackDown during in-ring celebrations. Professional wrestling style and persona

Upon his debut in the WWF, Jacobs portrayed a dental hygienist named Dr. Isaac Yankem; during this time he used a snap DDT as his finishing move. He later portrayed the Diesel character popularized by Kevin Nash following Nash's departure to WCW in 1996; during this time he used a release powerbomb. Upon his repackaging as <mask> – due to his kayfabe familial bond with The Undertaker – in 1997, Jacobs proceeded to utilize the chokeslam and the tombstone piledriver as finishers,

masks: Kane Kane Kane Kane Kane Kane


texts:
 moves that The Undertaker also uses. In 2001, Jacobs adopted a falling powerbomb as a finisher, reminiscent of The Undertaker's "Last Ride". He was nicknamed "The Big Red Machine", "The (Devil's Favorite) Demon", and "The (Big Red) Monster" to emphasize his monstrous/demonic persona. His character wore a full mask before replacing it with a half mask in 2002.<mask> appeared unmasked from 2003 until 2011 when he returned with a new half mask. Under his time in The Authority, <mask> relinquished his mask and wore a suit and tie in a persona known as "<mask>" where he also wrestled in dark slacks with elbow pads, though he later reverted to his attire and mask. In 2012, a WWE article ranked him as the 41st best wrestling villain in history. Political career

Jacobs is actively involved in libertarian politics and publishes his views via a blog. Jacobs supported Texas Congressman Ron Paul for President in 2008. He is a member of the Free State Project and delivered a speech at the organization's 2009 New Hampshire Liberty Forum. He has also spoken at the Ludwig von Mises Institute, an anarcho-capitalist think-tank for promoting the Austrian school of economics.In an interview with The Tom Woods Show libertarian podcast, Jacobs mentioned Woods, Harry Browne, Ron Paul, John Stossel, Peter Schiff, and Murray Rothbard as his political influences and stated he is "theoretically a Rothbardian", but does not believe that a stateless society would be achieved in his lifetime. Some Tea Party affiliated groups attempted to recruit Jacobs to run in the 2014 Republican U.S. Senate primary in Tennessee

masks:
Kane
Kane
Corporate Kane


texts:
 against Sen. Lamar Alexander. In May 2016, Jacobs said he was "seriously considering" a run as a Republican for the Knox County, Tennessee mayoral seat in 2018, but would make a final decision after the 2016 presidential election. In March 2017, Jacobs announced that he was officially running for the mayoral seat of Knox County as a Republican. On May 1, 2018, Jacobs won the Republican primary election for the mayoral seat of Knox County, Tennessee by 17 votes. Jacobs got 14,633 (36.09%) votes, Brad Anders got 14,616 (36.05%), and Bob Thomas got 11,296 (27.86%). On August 2, 2018, Jacobs was elected mayor, defeating Democratic opponent Linda Haney by a vote of 51,804 (66.39%) to 26,224 (33.61%).Mayor of Knox County

In a 2019 interview with Fox News promoting a recently released book of his, Jacobs was critical of the impeachment inquiry into President Donald Trump, saying the Democratic Party was creating further division by pursuing it. In July 2020, Jacobs was the only member of the Knox County Board of Health to vote against a mask mandate for those inside certain buildings. He defended his vote saying, "I worry that one-size-fits-all mandates such as this set a terrible precedent for government overreach, are difficult to enforce, can cause conflict between the authorities and the public when enforced, and, as written, this order places enforcement responsibilities on private businesses". He would get into a dispute with the Board in September 2020, after he recorded a video where images of fellow members were displayed over narration of Jacobs calling them "unelected bureaucrats


texts:
 who cast down edicts which carry the force of law with no accountability and no recourse." He would advocate for the abolishment of the Board and later successfully pressured the Knox County Commission to move up a vote on limiting their powers from April to March 2021. In March 2021, Jacobs announced he'd be seeking reelection for a second term. Electoral history

Personal life
Jacobs has been married to Crystal Maurisa Goins since August 23, 1995 and together they have two children, daughters named Arista and Devan, as well as two grandchildren.Outside of wrestling, Jacobs also works as an insurer and he and his wife own an Allstate agency in Knoxville, Tennessee. In a July 2015 interview for Realtor.com, the website of the National Association of Realtors, Jacobs indicated that the couple's obligations to their insurance business led them to place their Jefferson City home up for sale. The home, built in 2005, was an hour's drive from the agency and both Jacobs and his wife eventually grew tired of the commute. Other media

Jacobs made his film debut as "Jacob Goodnight" in the first production of WWE Studios, See No Evil, which was released on May 19, 2006. Jacobs has also made an appearance in the film, MacGruber, alongside fellow WWE wrestlers Montel Vontavious Porter, Chris Jericho, The Great Khali, Mark Henry, and Big Show. See No Evil 2, also starring Jacobs, was announced in August 2013 and was released on October 21, 2014. <mask> appeared on a special WWE episode of The Weakest Link in March 2002, and won by beating out Bubba Ray Dudley in the final round.The money won was


texts: donated to Jacobs' chosen charity, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, in Memphis, Tennessee. He also appeared on Smallville series episode "Combat" as Titan alongside former WWE Diva Ashley Massaro. The episode was aired on March 22, 2007. <mask> was also featured in a Chef Boyardee commercial in which he attempts to eat while wearing his full face mask. The <mask> character was featured in the fourteen-issue Undertaker comic book produced by Chaos! Comics in 1999. The character only spoke once, in the Undertaker Halloween Special, which tied into the single issue Mankind comic book produced by the same company.A book written by Michael Chiappetta detailing the origins of <mask> titled Journey into Darkness: An Unauthorized History of <mask> was released in 2005. WWE released a three-disc anthology titled, The Twisted, Disturbed Life of <mask> on December 9, 2008. The DVD consists of <mask>'s greatest feuds and rivalries during his first ten years. Jacobs hosted a podcast titled The Tiny Political Show under the pseudonym Citizen X from March 16, 2007 to March 13, 2008. Jacobs also ran a blog called The Adventures of Citizen X at AdventuresOfCitizenX.com from 2007 until July 17, 2011, though its last update was made on May 28 earlier that same year. However, the website has since been relaunched with its first update appearing on July 1, 2012. Jacobs is a contributor to LewRockwell.com.<mask> has appeared in nearly every licensed WWE/F video game since 1998's WWF War Zone, with the only exception being 2001's WWF Betrayal. From the 1990s to the end of the 2010s, <mask> had 222 action


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 figures manufactured, mainly from the WWE lines by Jakks Pacific and Mattel, according to the Wrestling Figure Checklist. Filmography

Film

Television

Web series

Championships and accomplishments

 CBS Sports
 Worst Angle of the Year (2018)
 Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 Feud of the Year (2013) vs. Daniel Bryan as a member of The Authority
 Most Hated Wrestler of the Year (2013) as a member of The Authority
 Tag Team of the Year (1999) with X-Pac
 Ranked No. 4 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the year in the PWI 500 in 2011
 Ranked No. 186 of the 500 best singles wrestlers during the PWI Years in 2003
 Smoky Mountain Wrestling
 SMW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Al Snow
 United States Wrestling Association
 USWA Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 World Wrestling Federation / World Wrestling Entertainment / WWE
 WWF Championship (1 time)
 World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 ECW Championship (1 time)
 WCW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with The Undertaker
 WWF/WWE Intercontinental Championship (2 times)
 WWF Hardcore Championship (1 time)
 WWE 24/7 Championship (1 time)
 WWE Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Big Show (1) and Daniel Bryan (1)
 WWF/WWE/World Tag Team Championship (9 times) – with Mankind (2), X-Pac (2), The Undertaker (2), The Hurricane (1), Rob Van Dam (1), and Big Show (1)
 Tag Team Royal Rumble (1998)
 Eighth Triple Crown Champion
 Third Grand Slam Champion
WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2021)
 Bragging Rights Trophy (2009) – with Team SmackDown
 Money in the Bank (SmackDown 2010)
 Slammy Award (2 times)
 Best Family Values (2010) Beating up Jack


texts:
 Swagger Sr. Match of the Year (2014) Team Cena vs. Team Authority at Survivor Series
 WrestleCrap
 Gooker Award (2002) –
 Wrestling Observer Newsletter
 Most Disgusting Promotional Tactic (1996) fake Diesel gimmick
 Most Disgusting Promotional Tactic (2002) being accused of murder and necrophilia by Triple H
 Most Disgusting Promotional Tactic (2004) pregnancy/wedding/miscarriage angle with Lita
 Most Overrated (2010, 2014, 2015)
 Worst Feud of the Year (2002) vs.Triple H
 Worst Feud of the Year (2003) vs. Shane McMahon
 Worst Feud of the Year (2004) vs. Matt Hardy and Lita
 Worst Feud of the Year (2007) vs. Big Daddy V
 Worst Feud of the Year (2008) vs. Rey Mysterio
 Worst Feud of the Year (2010) vs. Edge
 Worst Feud of the Year (2012) vs. John Cena
 Worst Feud of the Year (2013) – The Authority vs. Big Show
 Worst Gimmick (1996) as fake Diesel
 Worst Worked Match of the Year (2001) with The Undertaker vs. KroniK at Unforgiven
 Worst Worked Match of the Year (2018) with The Undertaker vs. Triple H and Shawn Michaels at Crown Jewel

Luchas de Apuestas record

References

External links

 Isaac Yankem, D.D.S. profile

1967 births
21st-century American politicians
American libertarians
American male film actors
American male professional wrestlers
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Missouri
Burn survivors in fiction
Contestants on American game shows
ECW champions
ECW Heavyweight Champions/ECW World Heavyweight Champions
Living people
Masked wrestlers
Mayors of places in Tennessee
Mayors of Knoxville, Tennessee
People from Jefferson City, Tennessee
People


texts:
 from Knoxville, Tennessee
Players of American football from Missouri
Politicians from St. Louis
Professional wrestling authority figures
Sportspeople from St. Louis
Tennessee Republicans
The Authority (professional wrestling) members
The Undertaker
Truman Bulldogs football players
Truman Bulldogs men's basketball players
Truman State University alumni
World Heavyweight Champions (WWE)
WWE 24/7 Champions
WWE Grand Slam champions
WWF/WWE Intercontinental Champions
WWE Champions
WWE Hall of Fame inductees
WWF/WWE Hardcore