texts:
 Alfonso Gatto, Trieste, Circolo della cultura e delle arti, 1959. Anna Modena, <mask> <mask>, Pordenone, Studio Tesi, 1992. Mauro Caselli, Il canto di Hestia: appunti su Virgilio Giotti, in «Tratti», n. 59, 2002, pp.73–86
 Mauro Caselli, Biavo zeleste. Su Marin e Giotti, in «Studi mariniani», 2002, pp. 53–65. Mauro Caselli, Il femminile in Giotti, in Il banco di lettura, n. 26, 2003, pp. 13–22. Mauro Caselli, La voce bianca: su Virgilio <mask>, Udine, Campanotto editore, 2004. Mauro Caselli, Il qualunque altro: intorno ad una poesia di <mask> <mask>, in «Tratti», n. 72, 2006, pp.94–96. Mauro Caselli, In seconda persona: identità e trascendenza in <mask> <mask>, in Si pesa dopo morto: atti del convegno internazionale di studi per il cinquantenario della scomparsa di Umberto Saba e <mask> <mask>, Trieste 25-26 ottobre 2007, in «Rivista di letteratura italiana», n.26, 2008, pp. 305–307. Paolo Senna, Le cose viste. Per un’analisi dei “Racconti” di <mask> <mask>, «Rivista di letteratura italiana», XXVI, 2008, n. 1, pp. 187–190. Paolo Senna, <mask> Giotti tra "idealizzazione poetica" e lingua della prosa (1920-1926), in "Otto/Novecento", a.2014, n. 1, pp. 149–159
Lorenzo Tommasini, a cura di, <mask> Giotti poeta e triestino, Centro studi Scipio Slataper, Trieste 2018, con contributi di R. Benedetti, G. Cimador, M. Menato, A. Modena, F. Senardi, L. Tommasini, S. Volpato, L. Zorzenon, ISBN 978-88-941961-2-2. External links
 <mask> at the Italian Encyclopedia

masks: Virgilio Giotti Giotti Virgilio Giotti Virgilio Giotti Virgilio Giotti Virgilio Giotti Virgilio Virgilio Giotti


type: original

texts:
 Virgil Schönbeck at the Italian Encyclopedia

References

1885 births
1957 deaths
19th-century Austrian people
19th-century Italian poets
19th-century Italian short story writers
19th-century Italian male writers
20th-century Italian poets
Italian male poets
Italian male short story writers
People from Austrian Littoral
Writers from Trieste
20th-century Italian male


texts:
<mask>, (born June 7, 1946) is an American epidemiologist, toxicologist, and author of three books about environmental hazards. She was founding director of the Center for Environmental Oncology at the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, and is a former professor of epidemiology at University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health. She has served on several governmental and non-governmental organizations, conducting research and advocacy into effects of pesticides, asbestos, and wireless radiation on human health, especially cancers. <mask> is the founder and president of the Environmental Health Trust, a non-profit organization which argues that mobile devices, WiFi, 5G, and other radio-frequency systems pose a health risk to humans and the environment. She has been called a "crusader in the fight over cell phone safety" and has raised concerns that radio frequencies could cause cancer. These claims have been disputed and have been labelled "alarmist". Early life and education
<mask> was born June 7, 1946 in Washington, D.C., to Harry and <mask>, and raised in the steel making town of Donora, Pennsylvania, where in 1948 a severe smog event killed 20 people and sickened thousands.<mask> was the oldest of four children; her father was a chemist and machinist in the steel mills, as well as a brigadier general in the Pennsylvania National Guard and her mother was a homemaker. Raised in a Jewish family, as a child she briefly considered becoming a rabbi. At age 14, her family moved to Pittsburgh, where she attended Taylor Allderdice High School and the University of Pittsburgh, where in 1967 she earned a BSc in physiological psychology and an MA in sociology. She learned of the Donora smog incident as a university student, which inspired her interest in epidemiology. She completed a PhD in science studies at the University of Chicago as a Danforth Foundation graduate fellow in 1972, and in 1982 earned a master of public health degree in epidemiology at Johns Hopkins University as a senior National Cancer Institute post-doctoral fellow. In 1975 she married Richard D. Morgenstern, an economist with Resources for the Future and former Environmental Protection Agency official. They have two

masks:
Devra Lee Davis
Davis
Devra Lee Davis
Jean Langer Davis
Davis


texts:
 children.Her father died from multiple myeloma in 1984, and her mother from stomach cancer in 2003. She told The New York Times Magazine that, though she  decided to devote herself to cancer research shortly after her father's death, his illness didn't affect that decision. Career
In the late 1970s, as a policy advisor for the Environmental Law Institute, <mask> began publishing articles examining links between environmental chemicals and cancer. <mask> was appointed resident scholar at the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences in 1989. In 1990, she led a study published in The Lancet along with National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences director David Hoel, British census director John Fox, and World Health Organization statistician Alan Lopez, examining cancer rates in the United States, Japan, and several European countries, concluding "all forms of cancer are increasing in persons over age 54 except lung and stomach" and "the changes in cancer other than lung are so great and rapid that their causes demand intensive investigation." The paper reignited debate between prominent epidemiologists over how to interpret cancer trends: Bruce Ames, Richard Doll, and Richard Peto, among others argued the trends were unimportant: more attributed to better diagnoses and increasing human longevity, while <mask>' views gained support from Philip J. Landrigan and biostatisticians such as John C. Bailar and Thomas C. Chalmers. <mask> was appointed by President Clinton to the US Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board.In 1997 she was working as a consultant to the World Health Organization and served as a member of the Board of Scientific Counselors of the US National Toxicology Program. <mask> founded the International Breast Cancer Prevention Collaborative Research Group, an organization dedicated to exploring the causes of breast cancer. As senior adviser to the US Assistant Secretary for Health, <mask> claimed that extra doses of estrogen-like compounds in the environment may increase the quantities of hormone some women receive to dangerous levels and can cause serious illness. <mask> served five years as the founding director of the Center for Environmental Oncology at

masks: Davis Davis Davis Davis Davis Davis Davis


texts:
 the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (UPCI). In 2009, she stepped down to become professor in the Department of Epidemiology at the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health. She has authored over 200 scientific papers as well as three books. When Smoke Ran Like Water
<mask>' 2002 book, When Smoke Ran Like Water: Tales of Environmental Deception and the Battle Against Pollution, described how environmental toxins are linked to cancers and other health problems.She provides accounts of the 1948 Donora smog in her hometown, the 1952 Great Smog of London, and other events. She also criticizes industry interests who dismiss evidence they dislike as "junk science." The book was a finalist for that year's National Book Award for Nonfiction. Public health philosopher Kristin Shrader-Frechette praised it as "the best book on public health and environmental pollution of the last 30 years." Science writer Fred Pearce in New Scientist called <mask> a "a hero with a nose for trouble" and drew comparisons to Rachel Carson, the author of Silent Spring. Other writers have compared and <mask> and Carson, both in their styles and themes of writing and their small town Pennsylvania upbringings. Epidemiologist Bert Brunekreef wrote the book is "at its best when describing how commercial interests have harassed well known environmental health scientists in attempts to downplay the seriousness of, say, the effects of environmental lead on the IQ of children," but found "an alarming number of errors" regarding air pollution.The Secret History of the War on Cancer
<mask>' second book, The Secret History of the War on Cancer, was published in 2007. In it, she argues medical institutions involved in the "war on cancer" have focused more on cures then prevention, and that some safety research into environmental toxicity is conflicted due to funding from companies who make  products suspected of causing harm. James Huff, associate director for chemical carcinogenesis of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, called it "exhaustively researched and deftly written, illuminat[ing] more of the truth about chemicals and cancer and the relatively simple means of preventing or reducing cancer

masks: Davis Davis Davis Davis


texts:
 burdens." Epidemiologist Richard Clapp called the book "a welcome addition to the struggle to correct the imbalance" between curative and preventative research, while science writer Fred Pearce wrote it "is a rattling good read and raises vital issues that remain relevant today." In a positive review, science journalist Dan Fagin called <mask> "her generation's strongest advocate of the idea that synthetic chemicals are a seriously under-recognized cause of cancer." Medical historian Peter Keating, however, found the book "largely unoriginal" and poorly organized. Epidemiologist Peter Boyle wrote that "devotees of conspiracy theories and aficionados of gossip and innuendo will be drawn towards this book like wasps to a juicy piece of meat" and discussed how the book suggested that the link between tobacco and cancer was used to distract from other possible sources.Wireless radiation

In 2007 <mask> founded the Environmental Health Trust (EHT), a nonprofit with the goal of promoting awareness of environmental issues it believes are linked to cancer. The EHT campaigns for safer cell phone use, and has challenged research that finds no links between cellular phones and cancer, advocated for more research into the effects of wireless radiation on children, and called on the US federal government to reassess its safety guidelines for wireless technology. <mask> has been called a "crusader in the fight over cell phone safety". She claims that radiation from mobile phones and WiFi pose health risks including increases in cancer, but her claims are disputed by other cancer researchers and organizations including the US National Cancer Institute and Cancer Council Australia. She claims much research that finds no effects is industry-funded and biased. She summarized her research into health effects of cell phones in her 2010 book, Disconnect: The Truth about Cell Phone Radiation, What the Industry Has Done to Hide It, and How to Protect Your Family. She has cited the World Health Organization's 2011 classification of wireless radiation as a class 2B agent (possibly carcinogenic to humans), a group which also includes pickles and Aloe vera.Critics of <mask> have accused her of cherry-picking evidence and


texts:
 misrepresenting the studies upon which her conclusions were drawn, while the EHT has been accused of promoting low quality sources. <mask> was featured prominently in a controversial 2016 episode of the Australian TV program Catalyst, in which she claimed "every single well-designed study ever conducted finds an increased risk of brain cancer with the heaviest users [of mobile phones]". The episode drew heavy criticism from researchers, and <mask>' claims were refuted by public health scholar Simon Chapman, who claims there is no evidence of increase brain cancer rates in Australians, as well as Rodney Croft, a commissioner with the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, who called the views of <mask> "a fringe position that is not supported by science." <mask> claims that radiation from 5G wireless technology poses health risks, and BBC Radio 4 has called <mask> one of the most influential scientists in 5G-opposition movements. An excerpt of a lecture by <mask> was used by new-age conspiracy promoter Sacha Stone in his 2020 film 5G Apocalypse: Extinction Event. In 2021, the EHT and other groups filed a lawsuit asserting the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) failed to consider new scientific evidence when deciding in 2019 not to update its safety guidelines for cellular phone and cellular tower radiation, which had not been updated since 1996. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia ruled in favor of the EHT and plaintiffs, finding the FCC "failed to provide a reasoned explanation for its determination that its guidelines adequately protect against the harmful effects of exposure to radiofrequency radiation unrelated to cancer."Books

References

External links

 Faculty Bio - <mask> <mask> at the Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
 <mask> <mask> at the Environmental Health Trust

Living people
1946 births
American women epidemiologists
American epidemiologists
Writers from Pittsburgh
University of Pittsburgh alumni
University of Pittsburgh faculty
University of Chicago alumni
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health alumni
People from Donora, Pennsylvania
Taylor Allderdice High School

masks: Davis Davis Davis Davis Davis Davis Devra Davis Devra Davis


texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; March 9, 1943 – February 26, 2005) was an American human–computer interface expert best known for conceiving and starting the Macintosh project at Apple in the late 1970s. Early life and education
<mask> was born in New York City to a secular Jewish family, whose surname is a matronymic from "Raske", Yiddish nickname for Rachel. He received a BA in mathematics and a BS in physics with minors in philosophy and music from Stony Brook University. In 1967, he received a master's degree in computer science from Pennsylvania State University, after having switched from mathematical logic due to differences of opinion with his advisor. Even though he had completed work for his PhD, the university was not accredited for a PhD in computer science. The first original computer application he wrote was a music application as part of his master's thesis. <mask> later enrolled in a graduate music program at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), but stopped to teach art, photography, and computer science there.He worked as an assistant professor in the Visual Arts department from 1968 until 1974. There, he did shows about toys as works of art. <mask> announced his resignation from the assistant professorship by flying over the Chancellor's house in a hot air balloon. He was awarded a National Science Foundation grant to establish a Computer and Humanities center which used several 16-bit Data General Nova computers and glass terminals rather than the teletypes which were more common at that time. Along with his undergraduate student Jonathan (Jon) Collins, <mask> developed the FLOW programming language for use in teaching programming to the art and humanities students. The language was first used at the Humanities Summer Training Institute held in 1970 at the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas. The language has only seven statements (, GET IT, PRINT IT, PRINT "text", JUMP TO, IF IT IS " " JUMP TO, and STOP) and can not manipulate numbers.The language was first implemented in Fortran by Collins in under a week. Later versions of the language

masks:
Jef Raskin
Jeff Raskin
Jef Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin


texts:
 utilized "typing amplification" in which only the first letter is typed and the computer provides the balance of the instruction eliminating typing errors. It was also the basis for programming classes taught by <mask> and Collins in the UCSD Visual Arts Department. <mask> curated several art shows including one featuring his collection of unusual toys, and presenting toys as works of art. During this period, he changed the spelling of his name from "<mask>" to "<mask>" after having met Jon Collins and liking the lack of extraneous letters. <mask> occasionally wrote for computer publications, such as Dr. Dobb's Journal. He formed a company named Bannister and Crun, which was named for two characters playing in the BBC radio comedy The Goon Show.Career history

Apple

Contractor writer
<mask> first met Apple Computer co-founders Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak in their garage workshop following the debut of their Apple II personal computer at the first West Coast Computer Faire. Jobs hired <mask>'s company Bannister and Crun to write the Apple II BASIC Programming Manual. <mask> said "I was talking fifty dollars a page. They talked fifty dollars for the whole manual." Upon the Apple II unit with the serial number of "2", he reportedly wrote "a literate manual that became a standard for the young industry". Management
In January 1978, <mask> joined Apple as Manager of Publications, the company's 31st employee. For some time he continued as Director of Publications and New Product Review, and also worked on packaging and other issues.He had concealed his degree in computer science, out of concern for cultural bias against academia among the hobby-driven personal computer industry. He explained, "If they had known ... they might not have let me in the company, because there was such an antiacademic bias in the early Apple days." From his responsibility for documentation and testing, <mask> had great influence on early engineering projects. Because the Apple II only displayed uppercase characters on a 40-column screen, his department used the Polymorphic Systems 8813 (an

masks: Raskin Raskin Jeff Jef Raskin Raskin Raskin Raskin Raskin Raskin


texts:
 Intel-8080-based machine running a proprietary operating system called Exec) to write documentation; this spurred the development of an 80-column display card and a suitable text editor for the Apple II. His experiences testing Applesoft BASIC inspired him to design a competing product, called Notzo BASIC, which was never implemented. When Wozniak developed the first disk drives for the Apple II, <mask> went back to his contacts at UCSD and encouraged them to port the UCSD P-System operating system (incorporating a version of the Pascal programming language) to it, which Apple later licensed and shipped as Apple Pascal. Through this time, <mask> continually wrote memos about how the personal computer could become a true consumer appliance.While the Apple III was under development in 1978 and '79, <mask> was lobbying for Apple to create a radically different kind of computer that was designed from the start to be easy to use. In Computers by the Millions, he stated that expandable computers like the Apple II were too complex, and development was difficult due to the unknown nature of the machine the program ran on. The machine he envisioned was very different from the Macintosh that was eventually released and had much more in common with PDAs than modern desktop-based machines. Macintosh

<mask> started the Macintosh project in 1979 to implement some of these ideas. He later hired his former student Bill Atkinson from UCSD to work at Apple, along with Andy Hertzfeld and Burrell Smith from the Apple Service Department, which was located in the same building as the Publications Department. Secretly bypassing Jobs's ego and authority by continually securing permission and funding directly at the executive level, <mask> created and solely supervised the Macintosh project for approximately its first year. This included selecting the name of his favorite apple, writing the mission document The Book of Macintosh, securing office space, and recruiting and managing the original staff.Author Steven Levy said, "It was <mask> who provided the powerful vision of a computer whose

masks: Raskin Raskin Raskin Raskin Raskin Raskin


texts: legacy would be low cost, high utility, and a groundbreaking friendliness." The machine was similar in power to the Apple II and included a small  black-and-white character display built into a small case with a floppy disk. It was text only, as <mask> disliked the computer mouse or anything else that could take his hands from the keyboard. A number of basic applications were built into the machine, selectable by pressing function keys. The machine also included logic that would understand user intentions and switch programs dynamically. For instance, if the user simply started typing text it would switch into editor mode, and if they typed numbers it would switch to calculator mode. In many cases these switches would be largely invisible to the user.In 1981, after the Apple Lisa team had "kicked him out", Steve Jobs's attention drew toward <mask>'s Macintosh project, intending to marry the Xerox PARC-inspired GUI-based Lisa design to <mask>'s appliance-computing, "computers-by-the-millions" concept. Steve Wozniak was on hiatus from the company following a traumatic airplane accident, allowing Jobs to take managerial lead over the project. <mask> takes credit for being one of the first to introduce Jobs and the Lisa engineers to the PARC concepts, though he ultimately dismissed PARC's technology and opposed the use of computer mouse. <mask> also claims to have had continued direct input into the eventual Mac design, including the decision to use a one-button mouse as part of the Apple interface, a departure from the Xerox PARC's 3-button mouse. Others, including Larry Tesler, acknowledge his advocacy for a one-button mouse but say that it was a decision reached simultaneously by others at Apple who had a stronger say on the issue. <mask> later stated that were he to redesign the mouse it would have three clearly labeled buttons—two buttons on top marked "Select" and "Activate", and a "Grab" button on the side that could be used by squeezing the mouse. This description nearly fits the Apple Mighty Mouse (renamed "Apple Mouse" in 2009), first marketed in 2005.It has the


texts:
 three described buttons (two invisible), but they are assigned to different functions than <mask> specified for his own interface and can be customized. In a 2005 interview, Macintosh project member Andy Hertzfeld relates an anecdote about <mask>'s reputation for often inaccurately claiming to have invented various technologies. <mask>'s resume from 2002 lends credence by stating he was "Creator of Macintosh computer at Apple Computer, Inc." <mask> did create and solely supervise the Macintosh project for approximately its first year; however, Hertzfeld describes <mask>'s relationship to the drastically different finished Mac product more like that of an "eccentric great uncle" than its father. In Jobs's "Lost Interview" from 1996, he refers to the Macintosh as a product of team effort while acknowledging <mask>'s early role. Jobs reportedly co-opted some of <mask>'s leadership philosophies, such as when he wrote the slogan on the Macintosh group's easel, "It's better to be a pirate than to join the Navy." Apple acknowledged <mask>'s role after he had left the company by giving him as a gift, the millionth Macintosh computer, with an engraved brass plaque on the front. Pioneering the information appliance
<mask> left Apple in 1982 and formed Information Appliance, Inc. to implement the concepts of his original Macintosh concept.The first product is the SwyftCard, a firmware card for the Apple II containing an integrated application suite, also released on a disk as SwyftWare. Information Appliance later developed the Swyft as a stand-alone laptop computer. <mask> licensed this design to Canon, which shipped a similar desktop product as the Canon Cat. Released in 1987, the unit had an innovative interface that attracted much interest but it did not become a commercial success. <mask> claimed that its failure was due in some part to Steve Jobs, who successfully pitched Canon on the NeXT Computer at about the same time. It has also been suggested that Canon canceled the Cat due to internal rivalries within its divisions. After running a cryptic full page advertisement in

masks: Raskin Raskin Raskin Raskin Raskin Raskin Raskin Raskin Raskin Raskin Raskin


texts: the "Wall Street Journal" that the "Canon Cat is coming" months before it was available, Canon failed to follow through, never airing the completed TV commercial when the Cat went on sale, only allowed the Cat to be sold by its typewriter sales people, and prevented <mask> from selling the Cat directly with a TV demonstration of how easy it was to use.Shortly thereafter, the stock market crash of 1987 so panicked Information Appliance's venture capitalists that they drained millions of dollars from the company, depriving it of the capital needed to be able to manufacture and sell the Swyft. <mask> also wrote a book, The Humane Interface (2000), in which he developed his ideas about human-computer interfaces. <mask> was a long-time member of BAYCHI, the Bay-Area Computer-Human Interface group, a professional organization for human-interface designers. He presented papers on his own work, reviewed the human interfaces of various consumer products (such as a BMW car he'd been asked to review), and discussed the work of his colleagues in various companies and universities. At the start of the new millennium, <mask> undertook the building of a new computer interface based on his 30 years of work and research, called The Humane Environment, THE. On January 1, 2005, he renamed it Archy. It is a system incarnating his concepts of the humane interface, by using open source elements within his rendition of a ZUI or Zooming User Interface.In the same period <mask> accepted an appointment as Adjunct Professor of Computer Science at the University of Chicago's Computer Science Department and, with Leo Irakliotis, started designing a new curriculum on humane interfaces and computer enterprises. His work is being extended and carried on by his son Aza <mask> at Humanized, a company that was started shortly after <mask>'s death to continue his legacy. Humanized released Enso, a linguistic command-line interface, which is based on Jef's work and dedicated in his memory. In early 2008, Humanized became part of Mozilla. While the Archy project never managed to include a functional ZUI, a

masks: Raskin Raskin Raskin Raskin Raskin Raskin Raskin


texts:
 third party developed a commercial application called Raskin inspired by the same Zoomworld ZUI idea. Cognetics
<mask> expanded the meaning of the term "cognetics" in his book The Humane Interface to mean "the ergonomics of the mind". According to Raskin Center, "Cognetics brings interface design out of the mystic realm of guruism, transforming it into an engineering discipline with a rigorous theoretical framework."The term cognetics had earlier been coined and trademarked by Charles Kreitzberg in 1982 when he started Cognetics Corporation, one of the first user experience design companies. It is also used to describe educational programs intended to foster thinking skills in grades 3-12 (US) and for Cognetics, Inc., an economic research firm founded by David L. Birch, a Professor at MIT. <mask> discouraged using the informal term "intuitive" in user interface design, claiming that easy to use interfaces are often due to exposure to previous, similar systems, thus the term "familiar" should be preferred. Aiming for "intuitive" interfaces (based on reusing existing skills with interaction systems) could lead designers to discard a better design solution only because it would require a novel approach. Outside interests
Best known as a computer scientist, <mask> had other interests. He conducted the San Francisco Chamber Opera Society and played various instruments, including the organ and the recorder. His artwork was displayed at New York's Museum of Modern Art as part of its permanent collection, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, and the University of California, San Diego.He received a patent for airplane wing construction, and designed and marketed radio controlled model gliders. He was said to be an accomplished archer, target shooter, bicycle racer and an occasional model race car driver. He was a passionate musician and composer, publishing a series of collected recorder studies using the pseudonym of Aabel Aabius. In his later years he also wrote freelance articles for Macintosh magazines, such as Mac Home Journal, as well as many modeling magazines,

masks: Raskin Raskin Raskin


texts:
 Forbes, Wired, and computing journals. One of his most favorite pastimes was to play music with his children. He would accompany them on the piano while they played or sang while going through old fake-books passed down from his father. They would also routinely improvise together.<mask> owned Jef's Friends, a small company which made model airplane kits, which were sold through hobby shops. He was a toy designer. He designed Space Expander, a hanging cloth maze for a person to walk through. He designed Bloxes, a set of interlocking wood blocks. One of <mask>'s instruments was the organ. In 1978 he published an article in BYTE on using computers with the instrument. <mask> published a paper highly critical of pseudoscience in nursing, such as therapeutic touch and Rogerian science, wherein he said: "Unlike science, nursing theory has no built-in mechanisms for rejecting falsehoods, tautologies, and irrelevancies."Personal life
<mask> <mask> married Linda S. Blum in 1982. They had three children together—Aza, Aviva, and Aenea, with honorary surrogate siblings R. Fureigh and Jenna Mandis. In 1985, <mask> described his house as "practically one large playground", with secret doors and passageways, an auditorium that seats 185, and a model airplane room. He said, "I decided when I grew up I was not going to give up the things I liked doing, and I've not." He was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in December 2004 and died in Pacifica, California, on February 26, 2005, at age 61. See also
Information appliance

References

External links

 Publications by <mask> <mask> from Interaction-Design.org
 Audio interviews with <mask> <mask> and photos from various periods of his life
, February 27, 2005. 1943 births
2005 deaths
American computer scientists
20th-century American Jews
Apple Inc. employees
Canon (company) people
Deaths from cancer in California
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Human–computer interaction researchers
Human–computer interaction
Pennsylvania State University alumni
People from Pacifica, California
Stony Brook University alumni
Writers from

masks: Raskin Raskin Raskin Jef Raskin Raskin Jef Raskin Jef Raskin


texts:
<mask> ( ; born June 12, 1958) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the U.S. representative for Nevada's 2nd congressional district since 2011. The only Republican in Nevada's congressional delegation, he served in the Nevada Assembly from 1997 to 1999 and in the Nevada Senate, representing the Capital District, from 1999 to 2011. Amodei chaired the Nevada Republican Party from 2010 until 2011, when he stepped down in order to pursue the nomination for a special election for Congress; he was the Republican nominee in the election held on September 13, 2011, to replace Dean Heller, who had been appointed to the United States Senate. He became the dean of Nevada's congressional delegation once Heller lost his election for a second full term in 2019, although Dina Titus served one term in the House before he was first elected. Early life, education and military service
<mask> was born in Carson City, Nevada, the son of Joy LaRhe (née Longero) and <mask>. His father was of half Italian and half Irish descent, and one of his maternal great-grandfathers was Italian. Amodei graduated from Carson High School in 1976, where he was student class president.He graduated from the University of Nevada in 1980 with a B.A. in political science, and received his J.D. degree from the University of the Pacific McGeorge School of Law in 1983. When Amodei entered the U.S. Army, he had not yet passed the bar exam, so he was assigned to an artillery unit. He attended The JAG School at the University of Virginia and entered U.S. Army JAG Corps after passing the bar. He became an Army JAG Corps officer prosecuting criminal matters, an Assistant U.S. Attorney and Assistant Post Judge Advocate. He was awarded the Army Achievement Medal, the Army Commendation Medal and the Meritorious Service Medal.He served with the United States Army Judge Advocate General Corps from 1983 to 1987. Upon receiving an honorable discharge, he returned home to become

masks:
Mark Eugene Amodei
Amodei
Donald Mark Amodei


texts:
 an attorney with the law firms Allison MacKenzie in Carson City and Kummer Kaempfer Bonner Renshaw and Ferrario (now Kaempfer Crowell) in Reno. He served as a lawyer with Allison, MacKenzie from 1987 to 2004 and with Kummer from 2004 to 2007. As a lawyer, Amodei has been a sole practitioner since 2009. He served as president of the Nevada Mining Association from 2007 to 2008. Nevada legislature

Elections
In 1996, <mask> was elected to the Nevada Assembly, representing Carson City. In 1998, he ran for the Nevada Senate in the Capital District.He defeated incumbent Democratic State Senator Ernie Adler, 52%–48%. In 2002, he was reelected to a second term with 84% of the vote. In 2006, he was reelected to a third term with 78% of the vote. Tenure
<mask> was named the Outstanding Freshman Legislator in 1997. He was selected to serve as president pro tempore of the Nevada Senate from 2003 to 2008. 2003 tax increase

In 2003 <mask> and Terry Care co-authored a plan to increase taxes in Nevada by $1 billion. The plan was offered as an alternative to Governor Kenny Guinn's plan, which called for over $1 billion in revenue increases.The final plan raised taxes by $873 million. Collective bargaining
In 2009, Amodei supported a proposal to expand collective bargaining rights for state workers, who he believed were unfairly treated during the budget process. Gas tax
In 2009, Amodei sponsored a bill that would have allowed for a gas tax increase in Washoe County; the plan gained public approval in an advisory vote. Medical liability reform
In 2003, Amodei voted against a tort reform bill that would have changed Nevada's medical liability law. He was the only Republican senator to vote against the bill. Committee assignments
Amodei has served on the Legislative Commission, the Education Commission of the States, the Public Lands Committee, the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency Legislative Oversight Committee, as vice chair of the Governor's Task

masks: Amodei Amodei Amodei


texts:
 Force on Access to Public Health Care, as chair of the Education Technology Committee, and as a member of the Nevada Supreme Court's committee on court funding. 2010 U.S. Senate election

<mask> ran for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate against Democrat Harry Reid, the Majority Leader.He dropped out before election day, as State Assemblywoman Sharron Angle won the primary and lost the general election to Reid. U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

2011

On September 13, 2011, Nevada's 2nd congressional district elected Amodei to replace U.S. Representative Dean Heller. Heller had been appointed to fill John Ensign's seat in the U.S. Senate after Ensign resigned from the position. <mask> announced his bid for the congressional seat in May 2011. The next month, he won the Republican nomination by taking 221 out of 323 ballots. In the primary, he defeated State Senator Greg Brower, who received 56 votes, and U.S. Navy veteran Kirk Lippold, who received 46 votes. Amodei defeated Democratic nominee Kate Marshall 58%–36%.He won every county in the district. 2012

<mask> ran for a full term against Democrat Samuel Koepnick, an information technology employee for the State of Nevada. He was endorsed by the National Rifle Association (NRA). He did so in a district that had been made slightly more compact than its predecessor in redistricting. It lost almost all of its southern portion to the new 4th district. Even so, it was still the eighth-largest district in the country that did not cover an entire state. Amodei defeated Koepnick 58%–36%.He won every county in the district. 2014

<mask> ran for reelection to his second full term. He defeated Democrat Kristen Spees, 65.8% to 27.9%. 2016

<mask> ran for reelection to a third full term. He defeated Democrat Chip Evans, 58.3% to 36.9%. 2018

Amodei ran for reelection to a fourth full term. He defeated Democrat Clint Koble, 58.2% to 41.8%.2020

Amodei ran for reelection to a

masks: Amodei Amodei Amodei Amodei Amodei


texts:
 fifth full term. He defeated Democrat Patricia Ackerman, 56.5% to 40.7%. Tenure
<mask> was sworn in on September 15, 2011. Amodei voted against the bill to end the United States federal government shutdown of 2013. Of the vote, he said, "During two campaigns, I told Nevadans I would give my full attention to such issues as reining in runaway federal spending, debt, and the harmful aspects of the Affordable Care Act. Unlike many in this town, I will not test your memories and hope you have forgotten. I will continue to pursue these necessary goals.Nothing in this legislation changes the real threats to our country's economy." Amodei received a 0% rating from Planned Parenthood's 2014 Congressional Scorecard for supporting a nationwide abortion ban after 20 weeks and banning abortion access in the District of Columbia and through the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Amodei announced his support for a House impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump on September 27, 2019. National news media began to refer to Amodei as the first House Republican to support impeachment. A spokesman then further clarified his position by stating Amodei supported an inquiry but not impeachment. Immigration
Amodei voted for the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2020, which authorized DHS to nearly double the available H-2B visas for the remainder of FY 2020. Amodei voted for the Consolidated Appropriations Act (H.R.1158), which effectively prohibits ICE from cooperating with Health and Human Services to detain or remove illegal alien sponsors of unaccompanied alien children (UACs). Amodei supports Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA). LGBT rights
In 2021, Amodei was among the House Republicans to sponsor the Fairness for All Act, the Republican alternative to the Equality Act. The bill would prohibit discrimination on the basis of sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity, and protect the free exercise of religion.


texts:
 Legislation
On July 25, 2014, Amodei introduced the Northern Nevada Land Conservation and Economic Development Act (H.R. 5205; 113th Congress), a bill that would require the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) to convey certain federal lands in Nevada to other government entities. The bill is a package of numerous other bills related to land conveyance in Nevada, which make up the bulk of Amodei's legislation.In total, Amodei has sponsored 45 bills, including:

112th Congress (2011–2012)
 H.R.3292: a bill to prohibit the further extension or establishment of national monuments in Nevada except by express authorization of Congress
 H.R.3377: Pine Forest Range Recreation Enhancement Act of 2011, a bill to designate specified federal land managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in Humboldt County, Nevada, and to be known as the Pine Forest Range Wilderness, as wilderness and as a component of the National Wilderness Preservation System (NWPS). H.R.3815: Elko Motocross and Tribal Conveyance Act, a bill to direct the Secretary of the Interior to convey to Elko County, Nevada, without consideration, all right, title, and interest of the United States in and to approximately 275 acres of land managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Elko District, Nevada, as depicted on the map as "Elko Motocross Park." H.R.3996: Southern Nevada Higher Education Land Act of 2012, a bill to direct the Secretary of the Interior to convey three parcels of Bureau of Land Management (BLM) land to: (1) the Nevada System of Higher Education for the Great Basin College and the College of Southern Nevada; and (2) the System for the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. H.R.4039: Yerington Land Conveyance and Sustainable Development Act, a bill to direct the Secretary of the Interior to convey to the city of Yerington, Nevada, all interest of the United States in the federal lands in Lyon and Mineral Counties, Nevada, identified as "City of Yerington


texts: Sustainable Development Conveyance Lands" in exchange for consideration in an amount equal to their fair market value. H.R.4402: National Strategic and Critical Minerals Production Act of 2012, a bill to streamline the permitting process for mineral development by coordinating the actions of federal agencies. H.R.4976: Small Lands Tracts Conveyance Act, a bill to accelerate the process for transferring small parcels of federal land to local communities. H.R.6184: Restoring Storey County Act, a bill to direct the Secretary of the Interior, through the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), to convey to Storey County, Nevada, all surface rights of the United States in and to specified federal land, including any improvements.H.R.6236: a bill to direct the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Bureau of Land Management and the Bureau of Reclamation, to convey, by quitclaim deed, to the City of Fernley, Nevada, all right, title, and interest of the United States, to any Federal land within that city that is under the jurisdiction of either of those agencies. H.R.6282: a bill to direct the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Bureau of Land Management, to convey to the City of Carlin, Nevada, in exchange for consideration, all right, title, and interest of the United States, to any federal land within that city that is under the jurisdiction of that agency, and for other purposes. H.R.6453: a bill to facilitate planning, permitting, administration, implementation, and monitoring of pinyon-juniper dominated landscape restoration projects within Lincoln County, Nevada, and for other purposes. H.R.6496: a bill to reauthorize grants to enhance state and local efforts to combat trafficking in persons. H.R.6497: Nevada Mining Townsite Conveyance Act of 2012, a bill to direct the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), to convey, to the counties in which they are situated, all interest of the


texts:
 United States in certain mining townsites in Esmeralda and Nye Counties, Nevada. H.R.6596: Naval Air Station Fallon Housing and Safety Development Act, a bill to direct the Secretary of the Interior to transfer to the Secretary of the Navy, without consideration, approximately 400 acres of federal land adjacent to Naval Air Station Fallon in Churchill County, Nevada, that was withdrawn under a specified public land order. H.AMDT.1303 to H.R.4480, an amendment to prohibit the Secretary of the Interior from moving any aspect of the Solid Minerals program administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) to the Office of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Enforcement (OSM).113th Congress (2013–2014)
 H.R.433: Pine Forest Range Recreation Enhancement Act of 2013, a bill to designate specified federal land managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in Humboldt County, Nevada, and to be known as the Pine Forest Range Wilderness, as wilderness and as a component of the National Wilderness Preservation System. H.R.761: National Strategic and Critical Minerals Production Act of 2013, a bill to streamline the permitting process for mineral development by coordinating the actions of federal agencies. H.R.1167: Restoring Storey County Act, a bill to direct the Secretary of the Interior, through the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), to convey to Storey County, Nevada, all surface rights of the United States in specified federal land, including any improvements. H.R.1168: a bill to direct the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Bureau of Land Management, to convey to the City of Carlin, Nevada, in exchange for consideration, all right, title, and interest of the United States, to any Federal land within that city that is under the jurisdiction of that agency, and for other purposes. H.R.1169: Naval Air Station Fallon Housing and Safety Development Act, a bill to direct the Secretary of the Interior to transfer to the Secretary of


texts: the Navy, without consideration, approximately 400 acres of federal land adjacent to Naval Air Station Fallon in Churchill County, Nevada, that was withdrawn under a specified public land order. H.R.1170: a  bill to direct the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Bureau of Land Management and the Bureau of Reclamation, to convey, by quitclaim deed, to the City of Fernley, Nevada, all right, title, and interest of the United States, to any federal land within that city that is under the jurisdiction of either of those agencies. H.R.1633: Small Lands Tracts Conveyance Act, a bill to require the Director of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) for a state (respecting certain public lands) or the Regional Forester (respecting certain National Forest System lands) to select an eligible federal lands parcel for conveyance: (1) in response to a request by an adjacent landholder (any holder of non-federal land that shares one or more boundaries with such a parcel and who requests to purchase such a parcel), or (2) upon the recommendation of the BLM District Office or System unit that exercises administration over such parcel.H.R.1880: Protecting Resort Cities from Discrimination Act of 2013, a bill to prohibit a federal agency from establishing or implementing an internal policy that discourages or prohibits the selection of a travel, event, meeting, or conference location because it is perceived to be a resort or vacation destination. H.R.2455: Nevada Native Nations Land Act, a bill which includes seven tribal lands measures, as well as a smaller purchase by the City of Elko. H.R.3390: Lake Tahoe Restoration Act of 2013, a bill to reduce the threat of wildfire, improve water clarity, combat invasive species, and restore the environment in the Lake Tahoe Basin. H.R.3716: Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe – Fish Springs Ranch Settlement Act, a bill to authorize and ratify the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe-Fish Springs Ranch 2013 Supplement to


texts:
 the 2007 Settlement Agreement, dated November 20, 2013, and entered into by the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe and the Fish Springs Ranch (Agreement). H.R.5205: Northern Nevada Land Conservation and Economic Development Act, a bill to designate approximately 26,000 acres of land managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in Humboldt County, Nevada, as the Pine Forest Range Wilderness. H.AMDT.82 to H.R.2216 an amendment to provide that the $44 million in funding within the General Operating Expenses account of the Veterans Benefits Administration should be used for increased staffing in certain regional Veterans Affairs offices. 114th Congress (2015–2016)
 H.R.1937: National Strategic and Critical Minerals Production Act of 2015, a bill to streamline the permitting process for mineral development by coordinating the actions of federal agencies.H.R.488: a bill to prohibit the further extension or establishment of national monuments in Nevada except by express authorization of Congress. H.R.925: Douglas County Conservation Act of 2015, a bill to expand recreational opportunities, promotes conservation, and jump-starts economic development in Douglas County, Nevada. H.R.1214: National Forest Small Tracts Act Amendments Act of 2015, a bill to amend the Small Tracts Act (the Act) to permit the sale, exchange, or interchange under such Act of National Forest System (NFS) lands the sale or exchange of which is not practicable under any other authority of the Department of Agriculture (USDA) which have a value determined to be not more than $500,000. H.R.1484: Honor the Nevada Enabling Act of 1864 Act, a bill to direct the Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Department of the Interior to convey, in phases and without consideration, to the state of Nevada all interest of the United States in federal lands owned, managed, or controlled by the federal government through the USDA or Interior for the purpose of permitting the state to use


texts:
 them to support select beneficiaries. H.R.1485: Federal Lands Invasive Species Control, Prevention, and Management Act, a bill to direct the Department of the Interior and the Department of Agriculture to plan and carry out activities on lands directly managed by the department concerned to control and manage invasive species in order to inhibit or reduce their populations and to effectuate restoration or reclamation efforts. H.R.2324: Small Lands Tracts Conveyance Act, a bill to accelerate the process for transferring small parcels of federal land to local communities. H.R.2733: Nevada Native Nations Land Act, a bill to hold lands for six Nevada Tribes in trust.H.R.926: To amend title 38, United States Code, to improve the provision of guide dogs to veterans blinded by a service-connected injury. H.R.4298: Vietnam Helicopter Crew Memorial Act, a bill directing the Department of the Army to place in Arlington National Cemetery a memorial honoring helicopter pilots and crew members who served on active duty in the Armed Forces during the Vietnam era. H.R.4688: Douglas County Economic Development and Conservation Act of 2016, a bill to direct the Forest Service to convey approximately 67 acres of certain Forest Service land (Lake Tahoe-Nevada State Park) to the state of Nevada for the conservation of wildlife or natural resources or for a public park. H.RES.501: Expressing the sense of the House that the United States postal facility network is an asset of significant value and the United States Postal Service should take appropriate measures to maintain, modernize and fully utilize the existing post office network for economic growth. Committee assignments

114th Congress:

House Committee on Appropriations
 Subcommittee on Interior, Environment and Related Agencies
 Subcommittee on Financial Services and General Government
 Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch

In the 112th and 113th Congress, Amodei served on the House


texts:
 Judiciary Committee, the House Committee on Natural Resources and the House Committee on Veterans Affairs:

House Judiciary Committee
 Subcommittee on Courts, Intellectual Property, and the Internet
 Subcommittee on Immigration and Border Security

House Natural Resources Committee
 Subcommittee on National Parks, Forests, and Public Lands
 Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources

House Committee on Veterans Affairs
 Subcommittee on Economic Opportunity
 Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs

Caucus memberships
 Congressional Western Caucus
 Climate Solutions Caucus
 U.S.-Japan Caucus
Republican Governance Group
Problem Solvers Caucus

2020 presidential election
Amodei did not join the majority of Republican members of Congress who sided with the Trump's attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election. He voted to certify both Arizona's and Pennsylvania's results in the 2021 United States Electoral College vote count. Electoral history

Personal life
Amodei has two daughters: Erin, a nursing student at Truckee Meadows Community College, and Ryanne, a physician trainer on the DaVinci Robotic Surgical Instrument and former engineer in the U.S. Navy.References

External links
 Congressman <mask> official U.S. House website
 Amodei for Congress

|-

|-

|-

1958 births
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
American people of Irish descent
American politicians of Italian descent
Living people
McGeorge School of Law alumni
Members of the Nevada Assembly
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Nevada
Military personnel from Nevada
Nevada lawyers
Nevada Republicans
Nevada state senators
Politicians from Carson City, Nevada
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives
State political party chairs of Nevada
The Judge Advocate General's Legal Center and School alumni
United States Army officers
University of Nevada alumni
American


texts:
<mask>, 1st Earl of Bath,  (22 March 16847 July 1764) was a British Whig politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1707 to 1742, when he was created the first Earl of Bath by King George II. Bath is sometimes stated to have been First Lord of the Treasury and British prime minister, for the shortest term ever (two days) in 1746, although most modern sources reckon that he cannot be considered to have held the office. Background and early career
The son of <mask> by his first wife, Mary Floyd, he was born in March 1684 into an old Leicestershire family. He was educated at Westminster School and at Christ Church, Oxford, matriculating on 31 October 1700. He acquired extensive classical knowledge, and on leaving Oxford made the usual tour on the continent. In 1705, he was brought into parliament by Henry Guy (former secretary of the Treasury) for the Yorkshire borough of Hedon. This seat was held by him without a break until 1734.Throughout the reign of Queen <mask> Pulteney played a prominent part in the struggles of the Whigs, and was involved in the prosecution of Henry Sacheverell. When the victorious Tories sent his friend Robert Walpole to the Tower of London in 1712, Pulteney championed his cause in the House of Commons and with the leading Whigs visited him in prison. Ministerial offices

Pulteney was secretary of war from 1714 to 1717 in the first ministry of George I, and was on the committee of secrecy on the Treaty of Utrecht, formed in April 1715. Two years later, on 6 July 1716, he became one of the privy

masks:
William Pulteney
William Pulteney
Anne William


texts:
 council. When Townshend was dismissed, in April 1717, from his post of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and Walpole resigned, they were followed in their retirement by Pulteney. The crash of the South Sea Company restored Walpole to the highest position, but all he offered to Pulteney was a peerage. The offer was rejected, but in May 1723 Pulteney agreed to accept the lucrative but insignificant post of Cofferer of the Household.However, when he found himself neglected, he opposed the proposition of Walpole to discharge the debts of the civil list, and in April 1725 was dismissed from his sinecure. He was one of the original backers of the Royal Academy of Music, establishing a London opera company which commissioned numerous works from Handel, Bononcini and others. Patriot Whigs
From the day of his dismissal to that of his ultimate triumph, Pulteney remained in opposition, forming the Patriot Whigs, a group of fellow Whigs who felt that Walpole was corrupt and tyrannical. Walpole's attempt's 1730 at conciliation with the offer of Townshend's place and of a peerage was spurned. Pulteney's resentment was not confined to his speeches in parliament. With Bolingbroke he started, in December 1726, a periodical called The Craftsman, and in its pages the minister was incessantly denounced for many years. Lord Hervey published an attack on the Craftsman, and Pulteney, either openly or behind the person of Amhurst, its editor, replied to the attack.Whether the question at issue was the civil list, the excise, the income of the Prince of


texts: Wales, or the state of domestic affairs, Pulteney was ready with a pamphlet, and the minister or one of his friends came out with a reply. For his "Proper reply to a late scurrilous libel" (Craftsman, 1731), an answer to "Sedition and defamation displayed," he was challenged to a duel by Lord Hervey; for another, "An answer to one part of an infamous libel entitled remarks on the Craftsman's indication of his two honourable patrons," he was in July 1731 struck off the roll of privy councillors and dismissed from the commission of the peace in several counties. In print Pulteney was inferior to Bolingbroke alone among the antagonists of Walpole, but in parliament, from which Bolingbroke was excluded, he excelled. When the sinking fund was appropriated in 1733 he led the denunciation; when the excise scheme in the same year was stirring popular feeling to its lowest depths the passion of the multitude broke out in his oratory. Walpole managed to avoid the fall of his ministry. Bolingbroke withdrew to France on the suggestion, it is said, of Pulteney, and the opposition was weakened by the dissensions of the leaders. From the general election of 1734 until his elevation to the peerage, Pulteney sat for Middlesex.For some years after this election the minister's assailants made little progress in their attack, but in 1738 the troubles with Spain supplied them with the opportunity which they desired. Walpole long argued for peace, but he was feebly supported by his own cabinet, and the frenzy of the people for war knew no


texts:
 bounds. In an evil moment for his own reputation he consented to remain in office and to gratify popular passion with a war against Spain. His downfall was not long deferred. War was declared in 1739, a new parliament was summoned in the summer of 1741, and over the divisions on the election petitions the ministry of Walpole collapsed. The task of forming the new administration was after some delay entrusted to Pulteney, who offered the post of First Lord of the Treasury (Prime Minister) to the <mask> of Wilmington, and contented himself with a seat in the cabinet and a peerage, still hoping to retain his supremacy in the ministry. This made him unpopular, and his influence dwindled to nothing.Horace Walpole asserts that when Pulteney wished to withdraw from the peerage it was forced upon him by the king, and another chronicler of the times records that when Walpole and Pulteney met in the House of Lords, the one as Earl of Orford, the other as Earl of Bath, the remark was made by Orford: "Here we are, my lord, the two most insignificant fellows in England." On 14 July 1742 Pulteney was created Baron Pulteney of Heydon, Viscount Pulteney of Wrington, Somerset, and Earl of Bath. On 20 February he had been restored to his rank in the privy council. At Wilmington's death in 1743 he made application to the king for the post of First Lord of the Treasury, only to find that it had been conferred on Henry Pelham. Prime minister

On 10 February 1746, Pelham's administration resigned en masse, and the king turned to Bath to form an


texts:
 alternative ministry. He accepted the seals of office and made nominations to the most senior posts, but it quickly became clear that he did not have enough support to form a viable government, and after "48 hours, three quarters, seven minutes, and eleven seconds" he abandoned the attempt, forcing the king to accept Pelham's terms for resuming office. As the office of Prime Minister did not then officially exist, it is a matter of controversy whether Bath should be considered to have been Prime Minister by virtue of his two-day ministry.Bath's failed attempt to form a government brought him much ridicule. Horace Walpole recorded the joke that "Granville and Bath were met going about the streets, calling 'Odd Man', as the hackney chairmen do when they want a partner", and a contemporary pamphlet satirically praised him for "the most wise and honest of all administrations, the minister having ... never transacted one rash thing; and, what is more marvellous, left as much money in the T[reasur]y as he found in it." Death and legacy
An occasional pamphlet and an infrequent speech were afterwards the sole fruits of Bath's talents. His praises whilst in retirement have been sung by two bishops, Zachary Pearce and Thomas Newton. In 1762, two years before his death, he served as treasurer of the Salop Infirmary in Shrewsbury. He was buried on 17 July 1764, in his own vault in Islip chapel, Westminster Abbey. The monument erected is by the sculptor Joseph Wilton.He married on 27 December 1714 Anna Maria, daughter and co-heiress of


texts:
 John Gumley of Isleworth, commissary general to the army who was often satirized by the wits of the day (Notes and Queries, 3rd S. iI. 40 2-403, ~ 490). Anna Maria was the aunt of  Rev. Dr. John Lockman, Canon of Windsor. She died on 14 September 1758, and their only son <mask> died unmarried at Madrid on 12 February 1763. Pulteney's vast fortune passed in 1767 to Frances, wife of <mask> and daughter and co-heiress of his cousin, Daniel Pulteney, a bitter antagonist of Walpole in parliament, and had taken the name of Pulteney. Of business he was never fond, and the loss in 1734 of his trusted friend John Merrill, who had supplied the qualities which he lacked, was lamented by him in a letter to Jonathan Swift.The town of Poultney, Vermont and the Poultney River were named for him. Cabinet of Lord Bath

Bibliography
<mask>, Memoirs of Sir Robert Walpole (1816), and of Henry Pelham (1829)
John Morley, Walpole (1889)
Walter Sichel, Bolingbroke (1901–1902)
Archibald Ballantyne, Carteret (1887)
Eng. Hist. Rev. iv. 749-753
and the general political memoirs of the time. References

Attribution:

Bibliography

External links

 <mask> at the Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA)

1684 births
1764 deaths
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
British MPs 1707–1708
British MPs 1708–1710
British MPs 1710–1713
British MPs 1713–1715
British MPs 1715–1722
British MPs 1722–1727
British MPs 1727–1734
British MPs 1734–1741
British MPs 1741–1747
British duellists
Earls of Bath
Peers of Great Britain created by George II
Lord-Lieutenants of

masks:
William Pulteney
William Johnstone
William Coxe
William Pulteney


texts:
 the East Riding of Yorkshire
Lord-Lieutenants of Shropshire
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies
Pulteney, <mask>
Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain
People educated at Westminster School, London
People expelled from the Privy Council of Great Britain
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Hedon
Members of the Parliament of England for


texts:
<mask> was the pen name of Vladimir Pavšič (14 April 1913 – 29 September 1993), who was a Slovene poet, translator, playwright, journalist, and Partisan. Biography
<mask> was born as Vladimir Pavšič in the village of Grgar near Gorizia, in what was then the Austrian County of Gorizia and Gradisca and is today part of the Slovenian municipality of Nova Gorica. After the Italian annexation of the Julian March in 1920, the family moved to Celje, which was then part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. After finishing his studies at the Celje High School, Vladimir enrolled at the University of Ljubljana, where he studied Slovene and Slavic philology. After graduation, he worked as a journalist and professor in Maribor. When the Axis powers invaded Yugoslavia in April 1941, he escaped from Nazi-occupied Maribor to the Italian-occupied Province of Ljubljana. In the summer of the same year he joined the Communist-led partisan resistance, where he worked in the area of culture and propaganda.During the People's Liberation War he emerged as one of the major poets of the Slovene resistance. Several of his battle songs became hugely popular. One of them, Hey, Brigades, became the unofficial anthem of Slovene partisan forces during World War II. It was during this period that he started to use the pseudonym <mask> <mask>, which he continued to use also after the war. In 1944, he moved to Belgrade which had just been liberated by the Yugoslav partisans. There he worked at the Slovene section of Radio Free Yugoslavia, led by <mask>. Among his colleagues in Belgrade were the authors Igo Gruden, Edvard Kocbek and Anton Ingolič.In 1945 he

masks:
Matej Bor
Matej Bor
Matej
Bor
Boris Ziherl


texts:
 moved back to Ljubljana, where he dedicated himself to writing and translating. He received the highest recognition for cultural achievements in Slovenia, the Prešeren Award in 1947 and again in 1952. In 1965 he became a member of the Slovene Academy of Sciences and Arts. In the 1960s and 1970s he was the president of the Slovenian section of the International P.E.N. During the period of Yugoslavia, he often used his influence to help dissidents or to sponsor causes challenging official policies. In the 1960s, he publicly criticized the imprisonment of the Serbian dissident writer Mihajlo Mihajlov. He was one of the founders of the environmentalist movements in Slovenia in the early 1970s.He also voiced his support for the heritage protection movement which fought against the demolishing of historic buildings in Ljubljana (such as the Kozler's Palace). In the late 1970s and early 1980s he led the platform for the rehabilitation of the victims of Stalinist show trials in Slovenia (the so-called Dachau trials of 1947). In 1984 he helped the writer Igor Torkar to publish a novel on his experiences in the Goli Otok concentration camp. In the 1980s Bor researched and attempted to translate Venetic inscriptions by using Slovene and its dialects. Together with Jožko Šavli and Ivan Tomažič, he advocated the theory of the Venetic origins of Slovenes, claiming that the Slovenes are the descendants of a pre-Roman Slavic-speaking people called the Veneti. None of the three men were linguists, and the theory was soon rejected by scholars, but launched a long controversy in which Bor played a prominent role. He died in Ljubljana.Work

Bor


texts:
 published a number of poetry collections. His first collection, called Previharimo viharje, was published during the anti-fascist resistance fight in 1942 by an underground publishing house. In 1959 he published the book Šel je popotnik skozi atomski vek (A Wanderer Went Through the Atom Age), an apocalyptic poetic reflection on the environmental disasters in the Atomic Age. The book was republished in several editions and was translated into the major European languages and contributed to Bor's popularity outside Yugoslavia. Bor also wrote twelve plays and a number of literary works for children and youth. He was a regular contributor to publications for children and teenagers such as Ciciban, Pionir, Pionirski list, Najdihojca (a supplement of the journal Delo), Mali Rod (Klagenfurt) and The Voice of Youth (Chicago). He also wrote the screenplay for the film Vesna, which was released in 1954.He translated a number of works by Shakespeare into Slovene. Bor is also remembered for discovering the "letter rules" of the Venetian alphabet and Venetian grammar. His claims have been rejected by scholars. Essential bibliography

Main poetry collections

Previharimo viharje (1942)
Pesmi (Poems, 1944)
Pesmi (Poems, 1946)
Bršljan nad jezom (Ivy on the Dam, 1951)
Sled naših senc (The Trace of our Shadows, 1958)
Podoknice tišini (Serenades to Silence, 1983)
Sto manj en epigram (A Hundred but One Epigram, 1985)

Youth literature

 Uganke (Riddles, 1951)
 Slike in pesmi o živalih (Images and Songs About Animals, 1956)
 Sračje sodišče ali je, kar je (The Raven Court or Whatever Is Done is Done, 1961)
 Pesmi za Manjo (Songs for Manja, 1985)


texts:
 Ropotalo in ptice (The Scarecrow and Birds, 1985)
 Palčki - pihalčki (Dwarves, 1991)

Discography

 Zajček (1968)
 Partizan (1980)
 Jutri Gremo V Napad (1988)
 Hej Brigade (2006) (published posthumly)

English translations
A Wanderer Went Through the Atom Age, (London: Adam Books, 1959). A Wanderer in the Atom Age (Ljubljana: Državna založba Slovenije, 1970). An Anthology of Modern Yugoslav Poetry, edited by Janko Lavrin (London: J. Calder, 1962). See also
Karel Destovnik
Slovenian literature
Venetic theory

Sources

Marija Arh, Primernost Borovih pesmi za učence od 1. do 4. razreda OŠ: diplomsko delo (Ljubljana: M. Arh, 1993), 13-15, 48-50.Viktor Blažič, Svinčena leta (Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, 1999). Janko Kos, Pregled slovenskega slovstva (Ljubljana: DZS, 2002), 359. Igor Torkar, Umiranje na obroke, preface by <mask> <mask> (Ljubljana: Delo, 1984). Ciril Zlobec, Spomin kot zgodba: avtobiografski roman (Ljubljana: Prešernova družba, 1998). Document on Bor's role in the Yugoslav P.E.N. at the Blinken Open Society Archives
Biography of Igo Gruden with reference to Bor

References

1913 births
1993 deaths
People from the City Municipality of Nova Gorica
People from Gorizia
Ethnic Slovene people
Slovenian poets
Slovenian translators
Yugoslav poets
Yugoslav translators
Yugoslav science fiction writers
English–Slovene translators
Slovenian dramatists and playwrights
Presidents of the Slovene Writers' Association
20th-century translators
20th-century poets
20th-century dramatists and playwrights
Yugoslav Partisans members
University of Ljubljana alumni
Members of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts
Prešeren Award

masks: Matej Bor


texts:
<mask>, Count of Sølvesborg (3 September 1629 – 29 May 1691) was a Dutch naval officer who served as lieutenant-admiral general in the Dutch Navy, and briefly as a general admiral in the Royal Danish Navy. Tromp fought in the Anglo-Dutch Wars and the Scanian War. His father was Lieutenant Admiral <mask>. Biography

Early life
<mask> was born on 9 September 1629, in Rotterdam, in the historically dominant county of Holland. He was the second son of <mask> and Dina <mask>. His name Maartenszoon, sometimes abbreviated to Maartensz, is a patronymic. He had two full brothers, Harper and Johan.In 1633, when he was only four years old, his mother died. His father remarried in 1634, and again in 1640. The two marriages brought Tromp four half brothers and five half sisters. His father had made career as an officer for the Admiralty of the Maze. After a conflict with Lieutenant Admiral Philips van Dorp in 1634, Maarten <mask> left the fleet starting to work as a deacon. After Van Dorp was removed from his position in 1637, his father became lieutenant admiral and supreme commander of the Dutch Navy. In 1642, Tromp was sent to Harfleur, France, to learn to speak French from a Calvinist preacher.Early navy career

On 1 September 1643, he joined his father on his flagship the Aemilia. In September 1645, he was appointed as lieutenant and commanded a small squadron charged to pursue the Barbary pirates. On 22 August 1649, he was made a full captain. He served in the First Anglo-Dutch War, fighting in the battle of Leghorn, but was not given command of the Mediterranean fleet after the death

masks:
Cornelis Maartenszoon Tromp
Maarten Tromp
Cornelis Maartenszoon Tp
Maarten Tromp
Cornelisdochter de Haas
Tromp


texts:
 of Johan van Galen, only being promoted to rear admiral with the Admiralty of de Maze on 11 November 1653, after the death of his beloved father, Maarten. In 1656, he participated in the relief of Gdańsk. In 1658, it was discovered he had used his ships to trade in luxury goods; as a result he was fined and not allowed to have an active command until 1662. Just before the Second Anglo-Dutch War, he was promoted to vice admiral on 29 January 1665; at the battle of Lowestoft, he prevented total catastrophe by taking over fleet command to allow the escape of the larger part of the fleet.Lieutenant admiral

Gaining sudden popularity, he was temporarily given supreme command as lieutenant admiral of the confederate fleet on 23 July 1665, but had to give up this function (but not rank) the next month in favour of Lieutenant Admiral Michiel de Ruyter; he fought, having been transferred to the Admiralty of Amsterdam on 6 February 1666, under the latter in the Four Days Battle and the St. James's Day Battle. As this failure off Nieuwpoort in August 1666 was imputed to him by De Ruyter, he was dismissed, at the same time, being under the suspicion of plotting to overthrow the government, but he was reinstated in April 1673 by William of Orange, after the Orangists seized power, to fight against the French and English navies in the Third Anglo-Dutch War. There he participated in the last three fleet actions under Lieutenant-Admiral-General Michiel de Ruyter, distinguishing himself in the double battle of Schooneveld and the battle of Texel in August 1673, fighting out an epic duel with


texts:
 his personal enemy Edward Spragge, who drowned. During this war, his flagship was the Gouden Leeuw, of 82 cannons. He was closely involved in the murder of Johan de Witt and <mask> de Witt in 1672. In 1675, he visited England and was created an English baronet and a Dutch erfridder by Charles II of England, but he refused an honorary doctorate when visiting Oxford. Danish Navy and Scanian War
On 8 May 1676, he became admiral general of the Danish Navy and Knight in the Order of the Elephant; in 1677, Count of Sølvesborg – then a Danish nobility title.He defeated the Swedish navy in the Battle of Öland, his only victory as a fleet commander. <mask> led the successful landing at Ystad in Scania in June 1677, where there was a minor but still notable fighting before the Swedes withdrew and left the city in Danish hands. Tromp summoned all the local noblemen of Danish origin to his presence in order to promise they would stay still on their estates and not cause any trouble. He then took a two-week holiday at Baron Jörgen Krabbe's Castle Krogholm (now Krageholm), just north of Ystad. During this period Tromp also licensed the local Danish bailiffs to recruit as many males as possible for the local Danish militias and sheriffs' teams. Tromp is mentioned in the local court registers for having licensed a Sheriff by the name of Bendix Clausen to recruit men in six different districts (hundreds) and there was some fierce fighting between these troops and the Swedes. Clausen and his men were branded as criminal 'snapphanar' by the Swedes.For that reason <mask> also played a role for the

masks: Cornelis Tromp Tromp


texts:
 snapphanar, who were in essence the local resistance and Danish para-military troops. Lieutenant-admiral general
On 6 February 1679, he became lieutenant-admiral general of the Republic but never fought in that capacity, having become a liability to the new regime of William III. He died in Amsterdam in 1691, his mind broken by alcohol abuse and remorse, still officially commander of the Dutch fleet, after having been for a period replaced by <mask> Evertsen the Youngest. Character

<mask> was a very aggressive squadron commander who personally relished the fight, preferring the direct attack having the weather gage over line-of-battle tactics. As a result, he had to change ships often: four times at the Four Days' Battle, three times at Schooneveld and two times at Texel. He was popular with his crews, despite the danger he put them in, because of his easy-going manners and his supporting the cause of the House of Orange against the States regime of Johan de Witt. However, he often treated his fellow officers with contempt, both his equals and superiors.<mask> is infamous for his insubordination, although the two examples most often mentioned in this context, not following De Ruyter on the second day of the Four Days' Battle and chasing the English rear in the St James's Day Fight, seem to have been honest mistakes. He was very jealous of De Ruyter but generally treated him with respect, though he considered him too common. Tromp tried to imitate the lifestyle of the nobility, marrying a rich elderly widow, Margaretha van Raephorst, in 1667. He had no children. At home,


texts:
 without fighting to distract him, <mask>, or Kees as he was normally called, grew quickly bored and indolent. He had the reputation of being a heavy drinker, so much so that many inns at the time were named after him. <mask> was a vain man, having an extremely high opinion of himself, which he never hesitated in sharing with others.He felt that, son of a famous father, he had a natural right to the position of naval hero. During his life he posed as a sitter for at least 22 paintings, a record for the 17th century, many by top artists such as Ferdinand Bol. His art possessions were displayed in his estate, that long after his death was called 'Trompenburgh', the manor house built in the form of a warship. As his wider family was among the most fanatical supporters of Orange, he participated in most of their schemes, especially those of his brother-in-law Johan Kievit, a shrewd and unscrupulous intriguer. Tromp however had no great enthusiasm for subtle plotting; later in life he came to regret many of his actions. He died in great mental anguish, convinced he would go to hell as punishment for his crimes. Legacy
The Dutch Ministry of Defence names Maarten <mask> and <mask> <mask> as naval heroes.Since 1777, nine navy ships have been named Tromp in honour of them, most recently the frigate . References

Notes

Footnotes

Sources

External links

1629 births
1691 deaths
17th-century Dutch military personnel
Admirals of the navy of the Dutch Republic
Dutch naval personnel of the Anglo-Dutch Wars
Dutch Orangists
Baronets in the Baronetage of England
Military personnel from

masks: Cornelis Tromp Tromp Cornelis Tromp


texts:
<mask>. (July 29, 1930 – August 29, 2018) was an American dancer and choreographer. He was one of the last living members of the third generation of America's modern dance artists. He founded the Paul Taylor Dance Company in 1954 in New York City. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania, to <mask>., a physicist, and to the former Elizabeth Rust Pendleton. He grew up in and around Washington, DC. By his teens, he had grown to more than six feet in height. He was a student of painting and swam and competed on the swim team, for which he was the recipient of a swimming scholarship, at Syracuse University in the late 1940s.Upon discovering dance through books at the school library, <mask> created his first piece of choreography on Syracuse University Dance department students, which was entitled Hobo Ballet. <mask> then transferred to Juilliard, where he earned a B.S. degree in dance in 1953 under director Martha Hill. It is <mask>'s dedication to swimming and other widely varied experiences that has been said to have taught him the commitment imperative to a successful dance career and allowed him to develop his unique and diverse dance aesthetic. Career
In 1954 <mask> assembled a small company of dancers and began making his own works. A commanding performer despite his late start, he joined the Martha Graham Dance Company in 1955 for the first of seven seasons as soloist where he created the role of the evil Aegisthus in Graham's Clytemnestra, as well as other roles including in Acrobats of God and Alcestis, Visionary Recital, One More Gaudy Night, and Phaedra. All the while he was continuing to choreograph on his own small troupe.He also worked with

masks:
Paul Belville Taylor Jr
Taylor
Paul Belville Taylor Sr
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor


texts: the choreographers Doris Humphrey, Charles Weidman, José Limón and Jerome Robbins. In 1959 he was invited by George Balanchine to be a guest artist with New York City Ballet, performing his Episodes. <mask>'s early choreographic projects have been noted as distinctly different from the modern, physical works he would come to be known for later, and have even invited comparison to the conceptual performances of the Judson Dance Theatre in the 1960s. <mask> worked closely with painter Robert Rauschenberg who is said to have created the paintings that inspired <mask>'s choreography for several pieces including Three Epitaphs and Seven New Dances. Specifically, Rauschenberg's series of “white” paintings resulted in John Cage’s composition, 4’33”, for which <mask>’s piece Duet (1957), was inspired. Duet was part of <mask>’s Seven New Dances concert which became <mask>’s first claim to fame due to this piece that was deemed controversial. During Duet, <mask> and dancer Toby Glanternik remained completely motionless as the pianist played Cage's "non score".On the same program was a work called Epic, in which <mask> moved slowly across the stage in a business suit while a recorded time announcement played in the background. The Dance Observer critic Louis Horst published a blank column that stated only the location and date of <mask>’s performance as a review in November 1957 as a response to Duet, after which Martha Graham called him a "naughty boy." After the debut of <mask>’s Seven New Dances, <mask> continued choreographing new works which led to the completion of two European tours and ten new dances, all while still dancing with the Graham company. The turning point in <mask>’s

masks: Taylor Taylor Taylor Taylor Taylor Taylor Taylor Taylor Taylor Taylor Taylor Taylor


texts: choreographic career came with the premier of his plotless work Aureole (1962), at the 1962 American Dance Festival, the success of which convinced him to finally leave the Graham company to pursue choreographic work with his group of dancers full time. With Aureole, he departed from such an avant-garde aesthetic. The performance was still intended to provoke dance critics, as he cheekily set his modern movements not to contemporary music but to a baroque score. A choreographer as concerned with subject matter as he was with form, many of <mask>'s pieces and movements are pointedly about something.Some movements relate to his fascination with insects and the way they move. Other movements are influenced by his love of swimming. While he may propel his dancers through space for the sheer beauty of it, he has frequently used them to illuminate such profound issues as war, piety, spirituality, sexuality, morality and mortality. He is perhaps best known for his 1975 dance, Esplanade. In Esplanade <mask> was fascinated with the everyday movement that people enacted on a daily basis—from running to sliding, to walking, jumping and falling. The five-section work is set to movements from two of J.S. Bach's violin Concertos.<mask>’s fascination with pedestrian movement continued through and beyond Esplanade as he was obsessed with the differences in different dancers’ bodies, or how a simple change in timing, position, or facing, can transform the gesture of everyday movement into dance. For example, <mask> highlighted the nuances in performances of different dancers in his piece Polaris (1976), where the dance featured two sections with identical choreography but two completely

masks: Taylor Taylor Taylor Taylor


texts: different casts. Another well-known work of his is Private Domain (1969). <mask> was intrigued by the idea of perspective and the relationship of reality and appearance. In Private Domain, <mask> commissioned a set by renowned visual artist Alex Katz, whose rectangular panels obstructed the audience from seeing a portion of the stage depending on their vantage points. The seen and unseen relationship that the audience experienced was well received. In another work, Lost, Found, and Lost (1982) <mask> again showed his interest in pedestrian movement.In one section, dancers move one by one into the wing as they are waiting on a slow-moving line. <mask> choreographed his own version of The Rite of Spring in 1980 that he named Le Sacre du Printemps (The Rehearsal). Accompanied by a two-piano version of the original Stravinsky score, The Rehearsal is a detective story complete with gangsters and kidnappings, but <mask> balanced his version with an ode to the original. In one scene a grieving mother echoes the Chosen Maiden from Nijinsky's version. This balance of old and new was widely praised, in addition to the challenging technical demands of the movement. Other well-known and highly regarded or controversial <mask> works include Big Bertha (1970), Airs (1978), Arden Court (1981), Sunset (1983), Last Look (1985), Speaking in Tongues (1988), Brandenburgs (1988), Company B (1991), Piazzolla Caldera (1997), Black Tuesday (2001), Promethean Fire (2002), and Beloved Renegade (2008). Some of these dances, performed by the Paul Taylor Dance Company, are also licensed by such companies as the Royal Danish Ballet, Miami City Ballet, American Ballet Theatre and Alvin Ailey American Dance

masks: Taylor Taylor Taylor Taylor Taylor Taylor


texts: Theater.Many scholars and dance critics have established a categorization of <mask>'s works and identified patterns surrounding his choreographic development. Following <mask>'s first major success Aureole (1962), <mask>'s next commission for the American Dance Festival was Scudorama (1963), which provided a stark contrast to <mask>'s previous work. This prompted scholars to identify a light/dark pattern in <mask>'s choreography due to Scudorama’s apparent representation of evil in comparison to Aureole’s lyrical, sunny nature. This categorization that arose due to the uncommon versatility of <mask>’s choreography continued with critics placing <mask> works Airs (1978), Esplanade (1975), Arden Court (1981), and Mercuric Tidings (1982) in the “light” category, and Big Bertha (1970), Last Look (1985), and Speaking in Tongues (1988) in the “dark” category. Some scholars have argued that <mask>'s works cannot be confined to two distinct categories though as he has also created humorous and witty, romantic, and movement centered works with the pieces Piece Period (1962), Roses (1985), and Images (1977) respectively, while also in some cases diverging from his typical plotlessness and creating story centric pieces such as Snow White (1983). <mask> collaborated with artists such as Robert Rauschenberg, Jasper Johns, Ellsworth Kelly, Alex Katz, Tharon Musser, Thomas Skelton, Gene Moore, John Rawlings, William Ivey Long, Jennifer Tipton, Santo Loquasto, James F. Ingalls, Donald York and Matthew Diamond. His career and creative process has been much discussed, as he is the subject of the Oscar-nominated documentary Dancemaker, and author of the autobiography Private Domain and a Wall

masks: Taylor Taylor Taylor Taylor Taylor Taylor Taylor Taylor Taylor


texts:
 Street Journal essay, "Why I Make Dances."Recognition
<mask> was a recipient of the Kennedy Center Honors in 1992 and received an Emmy Award for Speaking in Tongues, produced by WNET/New York the previous year. In 1993 he was awarded the National Medal of Arts by United States President Bill Clinton. He received the Algur H. Meadows Award for Excellence in the Arts in 1995 and was named one of 50 prominent Americans honored in recognition of their outstanding achievement by the Library of Congress's Office of Scholarly Programs. He is the recipient of three Guggenheim Fellowships and honorary Doctor of Fine Arts degrees from California Institute of the Arts, Connecticut College, Duke University, The Juilliard School, Skidmore College, the State University of New York at Purchase, Syracuse University and Adelphi University. <mask>'s Awards for lifetime achievement include a MacArthur Foundation Fellowship – often called the "genius award" – and the Samuel H. Scripps American Dance Festival Award. Other awards include the New York State Governor's Arts Award and the New York City Mayor's Award of Honor for Art and Culture. In 1989 <mask> was elected one of ten honorary American members of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters.Having been elected to knighthood by the French government as Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 1969 and elevated to Officier in 1984 and Commandeur in 1990, <mask> was awarded France's highest honor, the Légion d'Honneur, for exceptional contributions to French culture, in 2000. Private Domain, originally published by Alfred A. Knopf and re-released by North Point Press and later by the University of Pittsburgh Press, was


texts:
 nominated by the National Book Critics Circle as the most distinguished biography of 1987. Dancemaker, Matthew Diamond's award-winning feature-length film about <mask>, was hailed by Time as "perhaps the best dance documentary ever." <mask>'s Facts and Fancies: Essays Written Mostly for Fun, was published by Delphinium in 2013. The 2019 American Dance Festival's season, its 86th, was dedicated to <mask>. <mask> Taylor Dance Company

The choreographer's works, totaling 147, are performed by the 16-member Paul Taylor Dance Company and dance companies throughout the world. Of his works, 50 are documented in Labanotation.In each completed score there is a section "Introductory Material," which includes topics such as: Casts, Stylistic Notes, as well as other Production information. In 1992, the Paul Taylor Dance Company in conjunction with the National Endowment for the Arts launched the Repertory Preservation Project which was centered around the documentation of thirty of <mask>'s dances, including lost works such as from Seven New Dances. This was made possible with the grant of $850,000 that was awarded to <mask>'s company, and the project led to the birth of the company Taylor 2, a junior company to the main Paul Taylor Dance Company, which allowed these dancers to preserve <mask>'s works through performance. A 2015 documentary titled <mask>: Creative Domain showcased his creative process. It was described as "a fly-on-the-wall depiction of the 2010 creation of Three Dubious Memories, his 133rd modern-dance piece for the eponymous company that he founded over 60 years ago." <mask> American Modern Dance
In 2015, <mask> began a new program, called Paul <mask> American Modern

masks:
Taylor
Taylor
Paul Taylor
Paul
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Paul Taylor
Paul Taylor
Taylor
Taylor


texts:
 Dance, in which works of modern dance by choreographers other than <mask>—performed by dancers practiced in those styles—are included in the company's annual season at the Koch Theater at Lincoln Center. In addition, contemporary choreographers receive commissions to create new works on the <mask> company.Thus far, dances by Doris Humphrey, Shen Wei, Merce Cunningham, Martha Graham, Donald McKayle, and Trisha Brown have been presented. New commissions by Doug Elkins, Larry Keigwin, Lila York, Bryan Arias, Doug Varone, Margie Gillis, Pam Tanowitz, and Kyle Abraham have been set on and danced by Paul Taylor Dance Company. Since 2015, live music has been performed on every program by the Orchestra of St. Luke's. <mask> died of renal failure on August 29, 2018, at a Manhattan hospital at the age of 88. Selected works

 Circus Polka (1955)
 3 Epitaphs (1956)
 Seven New Dances (1957)
 Rebus (1958)
 Tablet (1960)
 Fibers (1961)
 Junction (1961)
 Aureole (1962)
 La Negra (1963)
 Scudorama (1963)
 Party Mix (1963)
 The Red Room (1964)
 Duet (1964)
 Post Meridian (1965)
 Orbs (1966)
 Lento (1967)
 Public Domain (1968)
 Private Domain (1969)
 Churchyard (1969)
 Big Bertha (1970)
 Fetes (1971)
 So Long Eden (1972)
 Noah's Minstrels (1973)
 American Genesis (1973)
 Sports and Follies (1974)
 Esplanade (1975)
 Runes (1975)
 Cloven Kingdom (1976)
 Polaris (1976)
 Images (1977)
 Dust (1977)
 Airs (1978)
 Nightshade (1979)
 Profiles (1979)
 Le Sacre Du Printemps (1980)
 Arden Court (1981)
 House of Cards (1981)
 Mercuric Tidings (1982)
 Sunset (1983)
 Equinox (1983)
 Roses (1985)
 Musical Offering (1986)
 Counterswarm (1988)
 Danbury Mix (1988)
 The Sorcerer's Sofa (1989)
 Fact & Fancy (1991)

masks:
Taylor
Taylor
Death Taylor


texts:
 Company B (199
 Spindrift (1993)
 Prim Numbers (1997)
 Eventide (1997)
 Piazzola Caldera (1997)
 The Word (1998)
 Oh, You Kid! (1999)
 Cascade (1999)
 Dandelion Wine (2000)
 Black Tuesday (2001)
 Antique Valentine (2001)
 In The Beginning (2003)
 Le Grand Puppetier (2004)
 Spring Rounds (2004)
 Troilus and Cressida (2006)
 Lines Of Loss (2007)
 De Suenos Que Se Repiten (2007)
 Changes (2008)
 Also Playing (2009)
 Three Dubious Memories (2010)
 The Uncommitted (2011)
 To Make Crops Grow (2012)
 Perpetual Dawn (2013)
 Sea Lark (2014)
 Death and the Damsel (2015)

See also
 Modern dance
 Postmodern dance
 20th century concert dance
 List of dance companies
 Dancemaker

References

External links
 Paul Taylor Dance Company
PBS:American Masters biography
Kennedy Center biography
American Ballet Theater biography

The Paul Taylor Dance Company Comes to Israel
Paul Taylor interviewed on Conversations from Penn State
Brooklyn Rail In Conversation: Paul Taylor with Nancy Dalva

1930 births
2018 deaths
American choreographers
American male dancers
Juilliard School alumni
Kennedy Center honorees
MacArthur Fellows
Modern dancers
Artists from Pittsburgh
United States National Medal of Arts recipients
University of Nevada, Las Vegas alumni
LGBT dancers
People from Wilkinsburg,


texts:
<mask> (born William Sherille Levise, Jr.; February 26, 1945) is an American musician who has recorded more than 25 albums over more than four decades. Career
<mask> formed his first band, Tempest, when he was at Warren High School, and the group gained some notice playing at a Detroit soul music club called The Village. <mask> next appeared fronting a band named Billy Lee & The Rivieras, which had limited success until they met songwriter / record producer Bob Crewe. Crewe renamed the group <mask> & The Detroit Wheels, and they recorded several hit records for his DynoVoice Records and New Voice labels in the mid to late 1960s, most notably 1964’s "Devil with a Blue Dress On", their highest-charting single at number four, as well as "Jenny Take a Ride! ", which reached number 10 in 1965, and "Sock It to Me, Baby! ", a number six hit in 1967. The Detroit Wheels were John Badanjek on drums, Mark Manko on lead guitar, Joe Kubert (not to be confused with the comic book illustrator Joe Kubert) on rhythm guitar, Jim McCarty (not to be confused with the Yardbirds drummer of the same name) on lead guitar and Jim McAllister on bass.In December 1966, producer Bob Crewe's vision for <mask> as a blue-eyed soul singer backed by a horn band (a la Wilson Pickett, Joe Tex, etc.) was put into motion. They assembled a 10 piece band of white R&B musicians: from Baltimore, MD — Jimmy Wilson (trumpet), Bob Shipley (sax), Jimmy Loomis (sax), Don Lehnhoff (trombone), Frank Invernizzi (organ); from Chicago, IL — John Siomos (drums), Bob Slawson (guitar), Carmine Riale (bass guitar);j from Miami, FL, Andy Dio (trumpet); from New York — Johnny ? (lead guitar). The band

masks:
Mitch Ryder
Ryder
Ryder
Mitch Ryder
Mitch


texts: rehearsed for a month in a dance studio above the Cheetah, a night club at Broadway and 53rd, then hit the road as The <mask> Show in February, 1967. <mask> was the last person to perform with Otis Redding, they performed the song "Knock On Wood", on December 9, 1967, in Cleveland, Ohio, on a local TV show called Upbeat. Redding and four members of his touring band, The Bar-Kays, died in a plane crash near Madison, Wisconsin the following day, December 10, 1967.<mask>'s musical endeavors would see less success after the early 1970s. <mask>'s participation with the Detroit Wheels ended just as the counterculture was becoming dominant in 1968. During 1968, trumpeters Mike Thuroff and John Stefan were hired to tour with his horn section and band. Thuroff and Stefan also recorded the trumpet parts of <mask>'s song, "Ring My Bell". This song was not permitted to be played by radio in many states due to its sexual innuendos. <mask> had one hit single from that period, a cover version of "What Now, My Love". His last successful ensemble band was Detroit.The only original Wheel in the group was the drummer John Badanjek; other members were guitarists Steve Hunter, Robert Gillespie, and Brett Tuggle, organist Harry Phillips, and bassist W.R. Cooke. A single album was released by this grouping, a 1971 self-titled LP issued on Paramount Records (US #176 in 1972). They had a hit with their version of the Lou Reed-penned song "Rock & Roll", which Reed liked enough to ask Steve Hunter to join his backing band. Reviewing <mask>'s 1978 LP How I Spent My Vacation, Robert Christgau wrote in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981): "What he

masks:
Mitch Ryder
Ryder
Ryder
Ryder
Ryder
Ryder
Ryder


texts:
 remembers best, apparently, is sex with men, and the songs that result put across all the sin, fear, passion, love-and-hate, pleasure, and release that buggery seems to have involved for him. The lyrics sometimes lack coherence, and the music is a more sensitive version of the now outdated r&b-based guitar flash he favored with Detroit back in 1970. But the overall effect is revelatory." According to AllMusic (which calls <mask> "the unsung hero" of Michigan rock and roll), <mask> withdrew from music after experiencing throat trouble, moving to Colorado with his wife and taking up writing and painting.In 1983, <mask> returned to a major label with the John Mellencamp-produced album Never Kick a Sleeping Dog. The album featured a cover version of the Prince song "When You Were Mine", which was <mask>'s last score on the Billboard Hot 100. <mask> continues to record and tour in the United States and Europe. In 2005, <mask> & The Detroit Wheels were inducted into the Michigan Rock and Roll Legends Hall of Fame. In 2009, <mask> was inducted as a solo artist. On February 14, 2012, <mask> released The Promise, his first US release in almost 30 years. Personal life
<mask> spent his high school years in Warren, Michigan, a suburb north of Detroit.After many years living in Warren, and later Livonia, <mask> currently resides in northern Georgia. Influence
<mask> has influenced the music of such blue collar rock music artists as Bob Seger, John Mellencamp, and also Bruce Springsteen, whose version of the song "Devil With a Blue Dress" was part of the No Nukes concert album in the early 1980s. He has also been cited as a primary musical influence by Ted

masks:
Ryder
Ryder
Ryder
Ryder
Ryder
Mitch Ryder
Mitch Ryder
Ryder
Ryder
Ryder
Ryder


texts:
 Nugent. Bruce Springsteen still plays his music on stage. The song titled "Detroit Medley" refers directly to the Detroit Wheels. Included in this medley are the songs, "Devil With a Blue Dress", "Jenny Take a Ride", "Good Golly Miss Molly" and "C.C. Rider".The medley from time to time blends in a variety of other songs, but this remains the core section, often featuring guitar solos from Springsteen and piano solos by Roy Bittan. Winona <mask>, the stage name of Winona Laura Horowitz, was inspired by <mask>'s music. <mask> has been credited by guitarist Steve Hunter for giving Hunter his first real break in rock and roll and introducing Hunter to producer Bob Ezrin. In 2017 he was inducted into the Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame. Ritchie Blackmore acknowledged the influence of <mask> and the Detroit Wheels on the type of beat Deep Purple chose for their version of Kentucky Woman, the song by Neil Diamond. Discography

Singles
<mask> & the Detroit Wheels

Mitch Ryder

Detroit Featuring <mask>

Albums

<mask> & the Detroit Wheels
 1966 Take A Ride (New Voice)
 1966 Breakout! (Cleopatra)
Detroit Featuring <mask>
 1971 Detroit (Paramount/MCA)

See also
 List of soul musicians

References

External links
<mask> official website
"The Ryder stipulates," Metro Times Detroit, September 15, 2004
The New <mask> On-Line Fan Site
Transcription of 1970 <mask> interview with rock journalist Rick McGrath

1945 births
Living people
American male singers
American rock singers
Dot Records artists
People from Hamtramck, Michigan
People from Livonia, Michigan
American rhythm and blues singers
Singers from Detroit
People from South Lyon, Michigan
The Detroit Wheels

masks:
Ryder
Mitch Ryder
Ryder
Mitch Ryder
Mitch Ryder
Mitch Ryder
Mitch Ryder
Mitch Ryder
Mitch Ryder
Mitch Ryder
Ryder