texts:
<mask>Buck<mask> (May 2, 1849 – October 12, 1901) was an Old West photographer who is regarded by some as an early photojournalist and who captured the only known images of Native Americans while still at war with the United States. He took many other pictures of life in the silver-mining boom town of Tombstone, Arizona and the surrounding region. He recognized the value of his photographs to illustrate periodicals of the day and took his camera to the scenes of important events where he deliberately recorded them and resold pictures to editors nationwide. He was an eyewitness on October 26, 1881 to the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, which took place outside his photography studio. He took pictures of a number of Tombstone residents including Tombstone founder <mask>lin, pioneer surgeon Dr. George E. Goodfellow, Wyatt Earp's wife Josephine, and others. He served as Cochise County Sheriff from 1895 to 1897.Most of his negatives were destroyed by two fires that burned his studio to the ground. His widow, photographer Mary E. "Mollie<mask>, donated his remaining images to the Smithsonian Museum before she died in 1925. His photographs are legendary and highly prized. Early life
His parents were originally from Andrew County, Missouri. Shortly after Camillus' birth, his family migrated to California, eventually settling in Napa County. He became a farmer and on September 29, 1879, he married Mary ("Mollie") (née McKie) Goodrich in San Francisco. Both were skillful photographers.She had previously been married to <mask>. Goodrich but divorced him after two years of marriage. They left California and arrived in the booming mining town of Tombstone,

masks:
Camillus "
" Sydney Fly
Ed Schieffe
" Fly
Samuel D


type: original

texts:
 Arizona Territory in December 1879. Life in Tombstone

In Tombstone they immediately opened a temporary photography studio inside of a tent. In July, 1880, they completed construction on a 12-room boarding house at 312 Fremont Street in Tombstone that housed their photography studio and gallery in the back, called the "Fly Gallery". Mollie <mask> actively managed Fly's Gallery when her husband was away. She was one of the few female photographers of the era, taking pictures of anyone who could pay the studio price of 35 cents. It's unknown how they divided photographic duties between them, although all known photographs are attributed to him.<mask> had a brother Webster who was also a photographer. Webster lived with Buck and Mary from June 4 1880 through to at least June 1882. In June 1880, <mask> partnered with C. A. Halstead in a studio at the Harshaw mining camp near the Mexican border. Veteran journalist Thomas Gardiner, publisher of The Arizona Quarterly Illustrated, was seeking contributions and welcomed <mask>'s photographs. The premier July 1880 issue featured two of <mask>'s photographs as engravings. On October 26, 1881, the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral occurred in an alley adjacent to his studio and boarding house.During the shootout, Ike <mask> ran away from the gunfight, telling Wyatt Earp that he was unarmed, and hid in their studio. <mask>, armed with a Henry rifle, disarmed <mask> as he lay dying against the house next door. On November 6, 1894, <mask> was elected Cochise County sheriff, and served until January 1897. <mask> and Mollie temporarily raised a girl named Kitty, though it's not known whether she was adopted or was from

masks:
Fly
Fly
Fly
Fly
Fly
Clanton
Fly
Billy Clanton
Fly
Fly


texts:
 another relationship. Mollie ran the boarding house and studio while her husband traveled around the region taking photographs. Pictures of Geronimo

In March, 1886, Department of Arizona General <mask> received word that the Apache leader Geronimo would meet him in Cañon de los Embudos, in the Sierra Madre Mountains about  from Fort Bowie. <mask> learned of the meeting and on March 20, 1886, took his equipment and attached himself to the military column.During the three days of negotiations, <mask> took about 15 exposures on 8 by 10 inch glass negatives. One of the pictures of Geronimo with two of his sons standing alongside was made at Geronimo's request. <mask>'s images are the only existing photographs of Geronimo's surrender. He coolly posed his subjects, asking them to move and turn their heads and faces, to improve his composition. John Bourke described how <mask> took the historic photographs:

The Mayor of Tucson, C. M<mask>, was present. He later wrote that:

Geronimo, who was camped on the Mexican side of the border, agreed to the surrender terms. A soldier who sold them whiskey said that his band would be murdered as soon as they crossed the border.Geronimo and 25 of his followers slipped away during the night, costing <mask> his command. Earthquake study

<mask> became a heavy drinker and Molly briefly left him in Tombstone in 1887, taking Kitty with her to Florence. On May 3, 1887, a large earthquake struck Bavispe in Sonora, Mexico, destroying most of the adobe houses in Bavispe and killing 42 of the town's 700 residents. Tombstone Dr. George E. Goodfellow was fascinated by the earth movement and studied the earthquake's effects.

masks:
George Crook
Fly
Fly
Fly
Fly
. Strauss
Crook
Fly


texts:
 He obtained a commission from the U.S. government to travel to the earthquake area, and on his second trip in July 1887 he brought C.S. <mask> with him to help study and record the effects. They traveled over  through the Sierra Madre mountains recording observations, mostly on foot.Goodfellow used <mask>'s images of the effects of the earthquake, the damaged and ruined buildings, and survivors to illustrate his report. As the Tombstone mines played out or flooded, <mask> traveled to Fort Huachuca and Bisbee to take photographs of soldiers on their payday. On December 17, 1887 he toured Arizona with his camera and photographs. When the Tombstone economy further deteriorated, <mask> made extended trips to Bisbee and Phoenix where he operated temporary studios. The Tombstone Epitaph noted his departure: "Mr. C.S<mask>, the well known photographer, leaves today for Florence, Phoenix and other points in the Territory … During his absence, Mrs. <mask> also an accomplished photographic artist, will conduct the gallery in this city as usual."In November, 1893, they moved to Phoenix and opened a studio there. When the business failed, <mask> returned to Tombstone in 1894, and <mask> accepted the Democratic nomination for Sheriff. Role as photojournalist

More than a century before the idea of photojournalism was born, <mask> apparently recognized the value of his images as illustrations and furnished high-quality prints to editors of journals, magazines, and newspapers. He sent 16 of his photographs of Geronimo and his Apache band to the popular publication Harper's Weekly, which published six of them in their April 24, 1886 issue, giving <mask>

masks:
Fly
Fly
Fly
Fly
. Fly
Fly
Fly
Fly
Fly
Fly


texts: nationwide exposure. His photos of Geronimo and the other free Apaches, taken on March 25 and 26th, are only the known photographs taken of an American Indian while still at war with the United States. Unlike most of his contemporaries, he wasn't content to remain in his portrait studio, and took his camera to the scenes of important events, where he deliberately recorded them as candidly as his limited technology allowed. <mask> capitalized on the popularity of the images and hired assistants to fill orders for 50 cents each, or $4.00 per dozen.<mask> gained national attention again in 1888 when Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper published four more of his images taken during his trip to Mexico with Goodfellow. In 1891, <mask>'s Sons of New York published On the Border with <mask> by Captain John G. Bourke, who had accompanied <mask> on the expedition. It included the image of Geronimo's warriors lined up on a hill, but using the new halftone process, the first time a <mask> photograph was printed using this technique. Though his drinking was becoming more and more heavy, he was elected as the Cochise County Sheriff in 1894 and served for two years. He chose not to run for Sheriff a second time in 1896. The town of Tombstone continued to suffer from a poor economy and he and Mollie relocated to the more prosperous industrial copper mining town of Bisbee. He produced pictures to illustrate the Copper King Mining Company's brochure in 1898.In 1900, the Arizona Graphic press printed Souvenir of Bisbee, the first tourist brochure for Bisbee, including pictures by <mask>. The first image was <mask>'s picture of miner George Warren, the "discoverer

masks:
Fly
Fly
Charles Scribner
Crook
Crook
Fly
Fly
Fly


texts:
 of the Copper Queen Mine." Famous photographs

Death

<mask> ran a ranch in the Chiricahua Mountains for a period. Though <mask> and his wife had been separated for years, she was at his bedside when he died at Bisbee on October 12, 1901. She made arrangements to have his body returned to Tombstone, where it was buried in the new Tombstone Cemetery. <mask>'s Peak, the second highest named summit of the Chiricahua Mountains, is named in his honor. <mask> continues business
<mask> continued to run the Tombstone gallery on her own after her husband's death and in 1905, she published a collection of her husband's Indian campaign photographs entitled Scenes in Geronimo's Camp: The Apache Outlaw and Murderer.<mask>, a young girl who the Flys cared for after her parents died, described Mollie as "about five feet of pure dignity, very plainly dressed, but in manner Queen Victoria had nothing on her." In 1912, the boarding house burned to the ground for the second time. A replica has since been built. The fire prompted Mary to retire and she moved to Los Angeles. Before she died, she donated her husband's collection of images to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. She died in 1925. In popular culture

His images are very collectible and command premium prices today. A cabinet card of the image "Geronimo, Son, and Two Braves" was auctioned by the Heritage Auction Galleries in Dallas, Texas for $10,157.50 in 2010.A 6-5/8" x 9-1/2" albumen print photograph of "Geronimo and his warriors", taken in 1886, sold at auction on April 14, 2014 for $1,375. C.S. Fly appears in Elmore Leonard's western novel Gunsights (1979). References

Further reading

masks:
Fly
Camillus
Fly
Molly Fly
Mary Fly
Coral Henry


texts:
 "Ask the Marshall" in True West Magazine January/February 2009 issue, page 94

External links
 Article on C.S. Fly by Kathy Weiser
 1886 Geronimo photos at the Library of Congress
 Legendsofamerica.com
 Library.umkc.edu

1849 births
1901 deaths
People from Andrew County, Missouri
People from Tombstone, Arizona
Lawmen of the American Old West
Chiricahua Mountains
Cochise County conflict
People of the American Old West
Arizona


texts:
Terrance Quinn (born July 15, 1952), known professionally as <mask>'Quinn, is an American actor. He played John Locke on the TV series Lost, the title role in The Stepfather and Stepfather II, and Peter Watts in Millennium, which ran for three seasons (1996–1999). He has also hosted Mysteries of the Missing on The Science Channel. Early life
O'Quinn was born at War Memorial Hospital in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, one of 11 siblings, and grew up in nearby Newberry, Michigan. He is of Irish descent, and was raised Catholic. He attended Central Michigan University in Mount Pleasant, Michigan, and the University of Iowa in Iowa City.He changed his surname from Quinn to O'Quinn as another registered actor already had the name Terrance Quinn. In the 1970s, he went to Baltimore to act in the Center Stage production of Tartuffe. He remained at Center Stage for some years and often appeared with the late Tana Hicken, most notably as Benedick to her Beatrice in Much Ado About Nothing. His first movie role was in Heaven's Gate. Career
O'Quinn began acting in the 1970s during his time at Central Michigan University. He not only was an actor but also playwright/director. He wrote and directed the musical Orchestrina.This musical featured five main characters: The Man (played by Jeff Daniels), The Boy (Harold Downs), The Woman (Ann O'Donnell), The Girl (Debbie Penwarden), and The Drunk (James Hilliker), plus a female and a male chorus. He was roommates at CMU with actor Brad Slaight. Starting in 1980, O'Quinn has appeared in various feature films such as Silver Bullet, Tombstone, Heaven's Gate, Young Guns, alongside Rutger Hauer in Blind Fury, and as Howard Hughes in The Rocketeer. O'Quinn also appeared in the Canadian horror movie, Pin (1988) alongside British-born


texts:
 Canadian actor, David Hewlett. His early television roles include guest appearances on Miami Vice (episode "Give a Little, Take a Little"), Moonlighting, Star Trek: The Next Generation (episode "The Pegasus"), The Twilight Zone (1985 revival; episode "Chameleon"), Homicide: Life on the Street (episode "Hate Crimes"), a recurring role on Earth 2, another recurring role as Captain (later Rear Admiral) Thomas Boone on JAG, as well as Colonel Will Ryan in episode 15 of season 1 on the JAG spin-off series NCIS (episode "Enigma"). Around 1995, O'Quinn made guest appearances in The X-Files and Harsh Realm, produced by Chris Carter, who also cast him in the film The X-Files: Fight The Future and then once again in the final season. In 1996 O'Quinn started acting in the television series Millennium as Peter Watts, also produced by Chris Carter.O'Quinn held this role for all three seasons of the series. O'Quinn holds the distinction of having played four different characters within the extended X-Files/Millennium continuum (the two shows being classed together since both Lance Henriksen's character of Frank Black and Charles Nelson Reilly's character of Jose Chung have appeared in both shows). The Stepfather films

O'Quinn made his breakthrough by starring as the title character in The Stepfather, a deranged serial killer going by the name "Jerry Blake" (his character's real name and identity are never revealed), who is obsessed with having an ideal family. When a widowed mother and daughter do not comport with his expectations, he spirals into a spell of madness and attempts to brutally murder them. O'Quinn was praised by critics, including Roger Ebert in the Chicago Sun-Times, who commented, "The Stepfather has one wonderful element: <mask>'Quinn's performance."


texts:
 Ebert wrote, "He is a journeyman actor from TV and many movies, usually in supporting roles, and you may or may not recognize him. What's clear at once is that he is a strong actor, and given this leading role he brings all kinds of creepy dimensions to it.He has the thankless assignment of showing us a completely hateful, repellent character – and he approaches the task as an exercise in cloying middle-class good manners." O'Quinn was nominated for both a Saturn Award and an Independent Spirit Award for his performance. A sequel, Stepfather II, was released two years later, in which his character escapes from an insane asylum. It grossed almost a million dollars less at the box office. Not impressed with the second movie, O'Quinn declined to appear in the third installment, in which the stepfather character was portrayed by Robert Wightman. O'Quinn was approached by director of the 2009 reboot of The Stepfather, Nelson McCormick, to make a cameo appearance in the film, but according to the producers O'Quinn turned down the offer. Lost

After a string of recurring appearances on Alias (2002–2003), as the FBI Director Kendall, O'Quinn became a favorite of television producer J.J. Abrams.Following a seven-episode guest run on The West Wing in 2003–2004, O'Quinn received a call from Abrams indicating that the producer wanted to cast him in his new television drama Lost without any audition. In 2005 O'Quinn received an Emmy nomination for Best Supporting Actor in a Drama for his work as John Locke on the series Lost. O'Quinn admitted on the TV Guide Channel that he did not have much faith in Lost at first, calling it "The Mysterious Gilligan's Island of Dr. Moreau". The show, however, became one of the most popular on television, and on September 16, 2007,


texts:
 he won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor In A Drama Series for his role, and was nominated again for an Emmy for the role in 2010, which he did not win. In a TV.com interview O'Quinn commented that the reason he felt comfortable playing this character is because he's a bit like him. 2010–present
O'Quinn has made a number of television appearances since Lost. From 2012–2013, O'Quinn starred in the short-lived series 666 Park Avenue as Gavin Doran.In 2012, he appeared in the second season of Falling Skies. Additionally, O’Quinn starred for two seasons in Amazon Studios' Patriot. In 2016, it was announced that O'Quinn would be joining the second season of Secret and Lies. In 2019, O'Quinn starred in the only season of Perpetual Grace, LTD on Epix. In February 2021, it was announced that O'Quinn was cast as Martin Queller in the upcoming Netflix thriller series Pieces of Her, which is adapted from the Karin Slaughter novel of the same name. Volunteer work
<mask> joined the Cameo platform shortly after its launch in 2017. He has since been creating videos for fans and donating all of the proceeds to the Virginia Beach SPCA.<mask> has raised thousands of dollars on Cameo, and continues to create videos weekly. Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

1952 births
Living people
People from Reistertown, Maryland
People from Newberry, Michigan
People from Mount Pleasant, Michigan
People from Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan
American people of Irish descent
Male actors from Michigan
American male film actors
American male television actors
Central Michigan University alumni
Outstanding Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Drama Series Primetime Emmy Award winners
University of Iowa alumni
Catholics from Michigan
Catholics from

masks: Terry Terry


texts:
<mask> (, 1908 – 14 October 1976) was a leftist Jordanian political figure who served as the 12th Prime Minister of Jordan in 1956–57. In October 1956 during the 1956 elections, the National Socialist Party headed by <mask> won a plurality of 16 out of 40 seats in the Jordanian House of Representatives. Subsequently, King Hussein asked him to form a government; it was the first elected government in Jordan's history. <mask>'s government was short-lived. His policies as Prime Minister frequently clashed with that of King Hussein's. <mask> wanted Jordan to move closer to Egypt under Gamal Abdel Nasser, but Hussein wanted it to stay in the Western camp. Disagreements between the monarchy and the leftist government culminated  after <mask> provided Hussein with an expanded list of officers in the army he wanted to dismiss.<mask> was forced to resign in April 1957, following an alleged coup attempt against Hussein. Early life
<mask> was born in Salt, Jordan in 1908, during the Ottoman period. The ancestors of the Nabulsi family were Arabs from central Syria who originally served as members of the elite Ottoman sipahi units that were sent on a 1657 expedition to bring Jabal Nablus under centralized Ottoman rule. The family soon became part of the merchant class in Nablus, hence their name Nabulsi ("from Nablus"). <mask> <mask> graduated from the American University of Beirut with a degree in law and social studies in the early 1930s. Afterward, he briefly served as a teacher in Karak where he generated a "feeling of Arab brotherhood," leading the first demonstration in the city condemning the Balfour Declaration. As a result, the British authorities in the country immediately transferred him to a secondary school in his hometown of Salt.He moved to Amman in 1932. He later joined the civil service and eventually became the director of the state-owned Agricultural Bank, a post he held until 1946. In 1945, British authorities accused him of agitating in Jerusalem against a concession to a Jewish company. Upon his return to Jordan, he was

masks:
Suleiman Nabulsi
Nabulsi
Nabulsi
Nabulsi
Nabulsi
Nabulsi
Nabulsi
Suleiman
Nabulsi


texts:
 arrested at the Allenby Bridge, then forcibly moved to Shoubak in southern Jordan. Political career

In 1947, <mask> served as Minister of Finance, then again from 1950 to 1951. He was jailed for nine months in the Amman Prison for writing an article condemning the 1948 Anglo-Jordanian treaty. However, like most politicians of the time, his opposition activities did not hinder his political career.When he entered into the government as finance minister in 1950, King Abdullah bestowed him on the title of "Pasha." In 1953, he was appointed Jordan's ambassador to Britain until 1954 when he returned to Amman from London. His experience there turned him into a staunch Arab nationalist and anti-Zionist. His nationalism had alienated him from King Hussein who had him exiled from the capital Amman to a provincial town. At this time, he founded the National Socialist Party (NSP) and was elected its leader. He soon became known by many of his supporters as Za'im al-Watani ("The Nationalist Leader"). In July 1956, <mask> gave a speech commending Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser for nationalizing the Suez Canal and stressing the importance of Nasser's leadership of the Arab world.<mask> entered his party into an electoral alliance with the Jordanian Regional Branch of the Ba'ath Party and Jordanian Communist Party to form the National Front (NF) which called for freeing Jordan of foreign influence, political, economic, and military cooperation with Arab nationalist states, and aiding other Arab states with their fight against imperialism. They failed in their attempt to gain a majority in the 40-member Jordanian parliament, allegedly due to poll rigging by King Hussein's allies. However, they did win twelve seats, making it the largest bloc, and as leader of the NF, <mask> managed to prevent Jordan from entering the Central Treaty Organization (Baghdad Pact) alliance in 1955, then succeeded in getting Hussein to dissolve the parliament. Prime Minister of Jordan

In the October 1956 parliamentary elections, the NF won 16 seats and <mask>

masks: Nabulsi Nabulsi Nabulsi Nabulsi Nabulsi


texts: was asked by Hussein to form a government. Thus, he became prime minister and as one of his first measures, he merged the Arab Legion with the Palestinian-dominated National Guard, creating a 35,000-strong Jordanian Army. Two days after his ascension to government, Egypt was invaded by a tripartite alliance consisting of Britain, France, and Israel. While an enraged King Hussein favored militarily assisting Egypt, <mask> called for a delay to wait for the results of the invasion.Eventually, Hussein agreed not to help militarily. <mask> also decided to establish diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union and allowed the Communist Party to publish a weekly newspaper. However, on 2 February 1957, the king warned against this in a speech directed to <mask>, saying "We want this country to be inaccessible to Communist propaganda and Bolshevik theories." Heeding to Hussein's request, <mask> ordered the Communist Party organ to be banned. <mask> was known to be an admirer of Nasser, and so called for Jordan to join an Arab federation with Egypt and Syria thereby reducing King Hussein to a figurehead. Relations between the cabinet and the king were further strained when Hussein dispatched personal envoys to Cairo, Damascus, and Jeddah in March 1957 with messages not vetted by the government. In response, <mask> presented the king with formal requests to retire senior public servants, threatening his cabinet would resign and take to the streets if the requests were refused.Hussein initially appealed, but after <mask> prepared a new list, Hussein sent him a letter warning him that he would be dismissed. On 8 April, an army brigade commanded by Nader Rashid, an Arab nationalist officer, departed from its garrison in Zarqa — under orders from the nationalist chief of staff, Ali Abu Nuwar, and without authorization from Hussein — and positioned itself to control the access road to the capital Amman. Upon hearing of the brigade's movements, Hussein ordered they retreat back to their base, to which they complied. Hussein viewed Nuwar and

masks: Nabulsi Nabulsi Nabulsi Nabulsi Nabulsi Nabulsi Nabulsi


texts:
 Rashid's actions as part of a conspiracy to topple him and enter a union with the United Arab Republic. Two days later, <mask> was pressured to hand in his resignation by senior royalist officials, which he did. On April 15, a new cabinet was formed by Fakhri al-Khalidi and <mask> was given the post of foreign minister. Tensions between Arab nationalist and royalist officers began to increase as did public unrest, with nationalists and leftists demanding the reinstatement of <mask> as Prime Minister and royalists and Islamists backing Hussein.On 22 April, <mask> attended the Patriotic Congress in Nablus, which brought together opponents of the monarchy. The conference called for a federation with the United Arab Republic, the establishment of a 16-member presidential council, a purge of "traitors and conspiratorial (sic elements)" and a general strike to pressure Hussein. Upon pressure from the army, under complete control of the royalists after Abu Nuwar's exile by Hussein a few days prior, <mask> handed in his resignation for a second time on 23 April. Mass protests in the West Bank and Amman ensued the next day demanding his return. Hussein declared martial law on 25 April; all political parties were banned and <mask> was put under house arrest without being charged. He was pardoned by Hussein and released on 13 August 1961. In 1968, the National Gathering party was formed in Jordan with <mask> as its leader.It included the members of banned political parties. On 28 April 1968, <mask> headed the Jordanian parliamentary delegation to Arab Parliament Conference in Cairo. See also
 Politics of Jordan
 <mask> <mask>'s cabinet

References

External links
 Prime Ministry of Jordan website

Bibliography

1908 births
1976 deaths
People from Al-Salt
Prime Ministers of Jordan
American University of Beirut alumni
Ambassadors of Jordan to the United Kingdom
Government ministers of Jordan
Finance ministers of Jordan
Economy ministers of Jordan
Foreign ministers of Jordan
Transport ministers of Jordan
Jordanian Arab nationalists
20th-century

masks: Nabulsi Nabulsi Nabulsi Nabulsi Nabulsi Nabulsi Nabulsi Nabulsi Suleiman Nabulsi


texts:
<mask>, later <mask> (1 April 1881 – 6 January 1951) was a German journalist, politician, and interior minister of the Weimar Republic. In 1919, he was on the staff of the German delegation that was to receive the Treaty of Versailles. In 1933, he emigrated and eventually moved to the United States where he became an advocate for the peaceful resolution of conflicts. Life

Early life in the German Empire
<mask> was born on 2 April 1881 in , Saxe-Meiningen (today a part of Sonneberg, Thuringia). His father was <mask>, a brewer and farmer in Oberlind and after 1889 tenant of the Ratskeller at Coburg. His mother was Christiane Sollmann, inn keeper. After the move to Coburg, <mask> attended the Casimirianum gymnasium from 1891 to 1897, when he had to leave due to the family's financial difficulties.That year, his family moved to Cologne. There, he began work as an apprentice (kaufmännische Lehre). From 1901-11 he worked as a Handlungsgehilfe whilst attending night school at the Handelshochschule Köln. Originally rooted in Lutheran Christianity, he was a member of the Internationaler Guttempler-Orden and the CVJM. However, in 1902 he joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and in 1907 co-founded the Workers' Youth at Cologne. He was also active in the temperance movement and was chairman of the Arbeiter-Abstinenzbewegung (workers' temperance movement, 1906–10). He was also a member of the Angestelltengwerkschaft (white-collar workers' union).In 1906, Sollmann married Anna Katharina (Käthe, Kate) née Grümmer (born 1883, died before 1975). They had one daughter, Elfriede (1912–97). In 1908, Sollmann became a Freidenker. In

masks:
Friedrich Wilhelm Sollmann
William Frederick Sollmann
Wilhelm Sollmann
Johan Jakob Sollmann
Wilhelm


texts:
 1911, Sollmann became editor of the socialdemocratic newspaper Fränkischer Volksfreund at Würzburg, but soon returned to Cologne where he became editor (1912) and later editor-in-chief (1920–33) of the Rheinische Zeitung. During World War I, Sollmann was the chairman of the socialdemocratic union (Verein) of Cologne. German Revolution and Weimar Republic
During the German Revolution of 1918 he played a key role in the formed Workers' and soldiers' council of Cologne. From 1918-24, Sollmann was a member of the Cologne municipal parliament (Stadtverordneter).In 1919, he was elected to the Weimar National Assembly and held his seat until the new elections to the Reichstag in 1920. Working closely with Konrad Adenauer, whom he later described as "a personal friend and political enemy", Sollmann helped turn the Handelshochschule into the University of Cologne in 1919. He rejected an honorific doctorate in 1919 (and again in 1928) for personal reasons. In 1919, Sollmann also was a staff member of the German delegation to the Paris Peace Conference in Versailles, where he served as an expert on problems of the Rheinland occupation. He was a member of the Reichstag from 1920 until 1933. In 1921, he initiated the establishment of the Sozialdemokratischer Parlamentsdienst (after 1924: Sozialdemokratischer Pressedienst), a political news service. From 13 August 1923 until his resignation on 3 November, he served as Reichsminister des Innern (Reich Minister of the Interior) in the cabinets of Gustav Stresemann.In parliament, he served as a member of the Committee for Foreign Affairs, and as an expert on disarmament and adult education.


texts:
 Germany 1933 and emigration
In 1933, he was elected to the executive board of the SPD and as such persecuted by the Nazis after the Machtergreifung. On 9 March, he was taken into Schutzhaft ("protective custody") and tortured. After being released, he fled in May via Luxembourg to the occupied Saar. There he briefly worked as the editor-in-chief of the socialdemocratic Volskstimme. After the referendum he returned to Luxembourg, in 1936 went on to the United Kingdom and in 1937 emigrated to the United States. In America
In the U.S., Sollmann worked as a writer, speaker, radio announcer and faculty member (1937–1950) of the Pendle Hill Quaker Center for Study and Contemplation, a Quaker study center located in Wallingford, Pennsylvania.In the next years, Sollmann travelled through most of the United States, giving lectures on world affairs. He became a visiting professor of international affairs at Haverford, Bard, and Reed Colleges. Having lost his German citizenship in 1936, in 1943 he was naturalized and changed his name to William Frederick <mask>. That year, he also became a Quaker. A member of the SPD's right wing, in exile he was one of the leading proponents of the volkssozialistische Richtung within the party. At the request of the American Friends Service Committee, a Quaker organization, Sollmann briefly visited occupied Germany in 1948, where he held speeches and radio addresses. On another visit the following year he served as visiting professor at the University of Cologne.In 1949/50, the U.S. government consulted him on setting up a new German Civil Liberties Union (Bund für Bürgerrechte) and he worked for the


texts:
 Allied High Commission, but he had to return to the United States due to the onset of illness. During his visits, he met with politicians like Adenauer and Kurt Schumacher and also was Adenauer's guest of honour at the inaugural meeting of the Deutscher Bundestag. Sollmann was co-founder of the Carl Schurz-Gesellschaft, member of the Verbands deutscher Journalisten im Ausland and of the Legion for American Unity. On 6 January 1951, Sollmann died in Mount Carmel, Connecticut. A street in Cologne is named after him. Works
 "Zum Ausbau unserer sozialistischen Jugendbewegung", in: Die Neue Zeit, Wochenschrift der deutschen Sozialdemokratie, 1911
 Der Kölner Polizeiprozeß vom 7. – 17.1. 758–65
 Religion and Politics, 1941
 German Labour, Hitler's Nemesis, in: Peace Aim Leaflets 1, 1943
 Educational Reconstruction in Germany, in: Schoolmen's Week Proceedings, 1944
 Zwischen Krieg und Frieden, 1948

References

External links
 <mask>n papers at the Swarthmore College Peace Collection

1881 births
1951 deaths
People from Sonneberg
People from Saxe-Meiningen
Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians
Interior ministers of Germany
Members of the Weimar National Assembly
Members of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic
Bard College


texts:
<mask>Duck<mask> (born July 28, 1947) is an American blues musician and proprietor of the Blue Front Cafe on the Mississippi Blues Trail, the oldest surviving juke joint in Mississippi. <mask> is known as the last of the Bentonia bluesmen, as he is the last blues musician to play the Bentonia School. Like Skip James and Jack Owens and other blues musicians from Bentonia, Mississippi, <mask> learned to play the blues from Henry Stuckey, the originator of the Bentonia blues. <mask>' music is based in the Bentonia tuning utilizing open E-minor, open D-minor and a down tuned variant, and is noted for its haunting, ethereal, rhythmic and hypnotic qualities. His eighth album, It Is What It Is, on Blue Front Records has been praised by fans and music critics who have called it:  "addictive" and "obsession worthy," and "as gritty, stark and raw as one could imagine" and "absolutely hypnotic," and "an essential modern recording." Early life
<mask> was born in Yazoo County, Mississippi, United States, to Carey and <mask> at their home in Bentonia, Mississippi. <mask>' parents were sharecroppers, who opened the Blue Front Cafe in 1948, the year after he was born.They had ten children, but also raised four grandchildren when one of their daughters died. <mask> took over the Blue Front Cafe when his father died in 1970. Music and musical influences
<mask>' was first taught how to play the Bentonia School by Henry Stuckey, the man who created the unique style of blues after he returned to Bentonia, Mississippi after World War I.  Stuckey moved next door to <mask> and the young <mask> would hear Stuckey playing on his front porch. Around 1957, <mask> picked up Stuckey's guitar and started to learn. <mask> bought <mask> his first guitar, a yellow and black

masks:
Jimmy "
" Holmes
Holmes
Holmes
Holmes
Jimmy Charles Holmes
Mary Holmes
Holmes
Jimmy Holmes
Holmes
Holmes
Holmes
Holmes
Carey Holmes
Jimmy


texts:
 plastic toy guitar for Christmas. While <mask> would occasionally play with an uncle's electric guitar when he visited his uncle in New York City in the 1960s, it was not until the 1970s that <mask> bought his first guitar, a small acoustic guitar from Radio Shack. That original guitar is on permanent display at the Delta Blues Museum in Clarksdale, Mississippi.During the 1970s, Bentonia blues musicians, Jack Owens, Cornelius Bright, Tommy West, Adam Slater, Dodd Stuckey (Henry Stuckey's brother), and Jacob Stuckey, (Henry Stuckey's cousin), came to the Blue Front Cafe to play. Slater, Bright and West initially started to teach <mask> how to play, but it took the arrival of Jack Owens at the Blue Front Cafe on a regular basis in the 1980s, before <mask> fully grasped the style. Owens came to the Blue Front several times a week and <mask> sat outside with him and learned how to play such songs as "Hard Times Killing Floor Blues", "Devil Got My Woman", "Cherry Ball", and "Catfish." At the same time, Tommy West, a Hill country blues musician was also teaching <mask> how to play in that idiom. <mask> eventually incorporated some of the techniques he learned from  West into his own playing, including using the low E string for a droning bass line. <mask>' music is based in the Bentonia tuning utilizing open E-minor, open D-minor and a down tuned variant,  Acknowledging that he writes neither music nor lyrics and does not read music, <mask> says, ""I mean, I guess it's a divine thing. I don't know."Professional career
<mask> was initially recorded by several people in the late 1970s and early 1980s, including Alan Lomax and David Evans. The earliest known released recording of <mask> was "Devil's Blues" that he recorded with Cornelius Bright for

masks: Holmes Holmes Holmes Holmes Holmes Holmes Holmes Holmes Holmes Holmes Holmes


texts: Evans. It appeared in 1991 on a Wolf Records compilation album, Giants of the Country Blues Guitar - Vol. 2. In the 1980s, <mask> began performing at the Bentonia Blues Festival that <mask> and his mother, <mask>, started in 1972 as a community event that grew into one of the longest running blues festivals in the country. <mask> also started playing other blues festivals across Mississippi, the United States, Europe and South America including the Chicago Blues Festival, Waterfront Blues Festival, Mississippi Valley Blues Festival, Muddy Roots Music Festival, Briggs Farm Blues Festival, amongst others. In 2003, <mask> recorded his first album over the course of three days at the Pluto Plantation for Shade Tree Records.It was a blues label started by Peter Lee, although the company folded before it ever released the recordings. Then in October 2005, Jeff Konkel visited the Blue Front Cafe and returned on November 17, 2005, to record <mask>. Those recordings were released in 2006 as Back to Bentonia on CD as <mask>'s debut release and the first release by Broke and Hungry Records. The album featured some traditional Bentonia Blues songs as well as original compositions. <mask> was awarded two Living Blues Awards for Back to Bentonia, including Best Debut Blues Album and Best Acoustic Blues Album. Konkel was awarded Producer of the Year for 2006. In 2007, Broke and Hungry Records released <mask>' second CD entitled, Done Got Tired of Tryin' .The CD received additional critical acclaim and was named one of the top 10 Blues Albums of 2007 by WXPN, World Cafe and was nominated for a Blues Music Award. In 2008, Fat Possum Records released Gonna Get Old Someday consisting of those original tracks <mask> recorded in 2003 for Shade Tree Records. In

masks:
Holmes
Holmes
Mary Holmes
Holmes
Holmes
Holmes
Holmes
Holmes
Holmes
Holmes


texts:
 2010, Broke and Hungry Records released <mask>' fourth album, Ain't It Lonesome. Reception

Since <mask> started his recording career, he has appeared in documentaries, television programs and radio programs. In 2008, <mask> and the Blue Front Cafe were featured in the documentary M for Mississippi produced by Konkel and Roger Stolle. On October 22, 2012, <mask> appeared with Terry "Harmonica" Bean at World Cafe Live on WXPN as part of the Mississippi Blues Project. He appeared in the 2015 documentary film I Am the Blues.His 2019 recording, Cypress Grove, was chosen as a 'Favorite Blues Album' by AllMusic. On November 24, 2020, The Recording Academy nominated Cypress Grove for the Grammy Award for Best Traditional Blues Album at the 63rd Annual Grammy Awards presentation on March 14, 2021. <mask>' music is noted for its haunting, ethereal, rhythmic and hypnotic qualities. His eighth album, It Is What It Is, on Blue Front Records has been praised by fans and music critics who have called it:  "addictive" and "obsession worthy," "as gritty, stark and raw as one could imagine" and "absolutely hypnotic," and "an essential modern recording." Albums
Back to Bentonia, 2006
Done Got Tired of Tryin’, 2007
Gonna Get Old Someday, 2008
Ain't It Lonesome, 2009
All Night Long, 2013
Twice As Hard, 2014
Live at Briggs Farm Blues Festival, 2015
It Is What It Is, 2016
Cypress Grove, 2019

References

External links

1947 births
Living people
Delta blues musicians
Country blues musicians
Place of birth missing (living people)
American blues singers
American blues guitarists
American male guitarists
People from Bentonia, Mississippi
20th-century American guitarists
African-American guitarists
20th-century African-American male singers
21st-century

masks: Holmes Holmes Holmes Holmes Holmes


texts: <mask> (born 9 January 1965) is a former Australian rules football player and American football punter in the National Football League. As an Australian rules footballer, he played for East Fremantle in the West Australian Football League (WAFL) between 1982 and 1987 and then in the Australian Football League (AFL) for the West Coast Eagles and the Melbourne Football Club. He was most successful at Melbourne, where he was named as one of the club's 150 Heroes of the last 150 years, kicking 208 goals from just 74 games for the club. As an American football player, following a three-club career in the National Football League he is regarded as one of the greatest players of the 1990s and a member of the NFL 1990s All-Decade Team. This combination made him notable as arguably the most successful of


texts:
 the Australian sportsmen linked to professional American Football in history. Australian rules football career
<mask> grew up in Perth, Western Australia where he began playing Australian rules football, first playing senior football with East Fremantle in the West Australian Football League. His career with the Sharks was severely affected by injuries to his knee, which kept him out for over a season during 1985 and 1986 – in the interim denying him a WAFL premiership.However, training with former star Harry Neesham allowed <mask> to be fit for the 1986 finals, and in the second semi he became the first player ever to score ten goals in a WA(N)FL final. As a consequence of his devastating late-1986 form, which included eleven goals in the last round against Claremont as well as his second semi

masks: Bennett Bennett


texts: effort, <mask> was recruited to be a member of the West Coast Eagles' inaugural squad in 1987. A serious knee injury curtailed his career with the Eagles after four games. Released by the Eagles, at the end of the 1988 season, he was drafted by the Melbourne Demons with the 13th selection in the 1988 VFL Draft. In both 1989 (34 goals) and 1990 (87 goals) <mask> led the Demons' goal kicking. <mask> was known for kicking long goals, torpedo punts and taking strong marks. <mask> was regarded as one of Melbourne's finest players in the early 1990s.But injuries caught up with him, and he played just two games in 1993. After the season, <mask> quietly retired from the Australian Football League, having totaled 78 games and 215 goals. <mask> participated in an exhibition match at SkyDome in Toronto in

masks: Bennett Bennett Bennett Bennett Bennett Bennett


texts:
 1989; it is believed that he was first exposed to American football during that trip. Statistics

|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1987
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 19 || 4 || 7 || 5 || 24 || 0 || 24 || 17 || 1 || 1.8 || 1.3 || 6.0 || 0.0 || 6.0 || 4.3 || 0.3
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1988
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 19 || 0 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1989
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 19 || 13 || 34 || 30 || 90 || 27 || 117 || 69 || 6 || 2.6 || 2.3 || 6.9 || 2.1 || 9.0 || 5.3 || 0.5
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1990
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 19 || 23 || 87 || 54 || 201 || 31 || 232 ||


texts:
 career
He married in 1993 and went on his honeymoon to California, where he contacted the coaching staff of the San Diego Chargers and asked for a tryout. He wound up impressing the Chargers sufficiently that he was placed on the team's practice squad for the 1994 season.During the spring of 1995, the Chargers sent him to the Amsterdam Admirals of NFL Europe, where he led the league in net punting average and earned all-league honours. That fall, he became the Chargers' regular punter. In his rookie season, he finished second in the NFL in punting average and made the AFC Pro Bowl team. He went on to establish himself as arguably the best punter in the NFL for the rest of the 1990s. Despite playing in the league for only half of that decade, he was named as the punter on the NFL's All-Decade Team


texts: for the 1990s. On 7 August 1999 <mask> returned home with his adoptive sport and took part in Australia's first American Bowl in Sydney's brand new Stadium Australia versus the Denver Broncos. <mask> was named to another Pro Bowl team in 2000, and continued to be one of the league's leading punters well into the 21st century.Going into the 2004 season, he had averaged 43.8 yards per punt, averaged 27 punts per season inside the 20-yard-line, and had only three blocked punts in his career (one of which happened when the Chargers had only 10 men on the field). As a former Aussie rules player, and considerably larger than most specialist kickers in American football (6'5"/1.96 m, 235 lb/106.5 kg), he did not shy away from physical contact on special teams. This willingness to hit, rare among kickers,


texts: was never more evident than when he knocked an opposing punt returner out cold in his rookie season. In 2004, after 144 games for the Chargers, he signed as a free agent with the Minnesota Vikings, where he spent one season until being injured in pre-season and then cut in September 2005. However, he was recalled by the team in December 2005, after starting punter Chris Kluwe (who had replaced him on the Vikings squad) was injured; <mask> was signed to a temporary contract. He played one game before being released by the Vikings, having made what was likely his final NFL appearance after 15 Vikings games and a total of 159 NFL games. <mask> is also credited for the introduction into the NFL of the "Aussie Rules kick" or "Drop punt" as it is known in Australia.The technique was instrumental in the


texts:
 advancement of Australians into the NFL, and currently half of the punters in the NFL make use of the Aussie Rules punt in pooch-punt situations. <mask> was named to the San Diego Chargers 50th Anniversary Team in 2009. He was inducted into the San Diego Chargers Hall of Fame in 2012, the first time the Chargers allowed fans to decide the newest member. Personal
<mask> and his wife Rosemary reside in San Diego and became US citizens in 2010. They have two sons, one of whom suffers from Duchenne muscular dystrophy; <mask> is deeply involved with charities associated with that disease. <mask> coaches high school kickers and punters in San Diego and mentors High School, NCAA and NFL players. References

External links

Official Minnesota Vikings profile
<mask>'s personal website
DemonWiki profile

masks:
Bennett
Bennett
Bennett
Bennett
Darren Bennett


texts:
1965 births
Living people
Australian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Australian rules footballers from Western Australia
People from Fremantle
American football punters
Melbourne Football Club players
West Coast Eagles players
Amsterdam Admirals players
San Diego Chargers players
East Fremantle Football Club players
Minnesota Vikings players
American Conference Pro Bowl players
Australian players of American football
People educated at Applecross Senior High School
Footballers who switched code
Sportsmen from New South Wales
Sportspeople from Sydney
Australian rules football players that played in the


texts:
<mask> (July 25, 1937 – September 29, 2017) was a Belarusian composer, Honored Artist of Belorussian SSR (1975), laureate of the State Prize of BSSR (1980), National Artist of the Republic of Belarus (1987), laureate of the Order of Francysk Skaryna (2013), professor. <mask> was the father of Victor Smolski, guitarist of the German sympho metal band Almanac. Early life
<mask> was born on July 25, 1937, in Minsk in the family of a famous Belarusian musicologist Bronislaw Smolski. A musical environment surrounded him from early childhood contributed to an early demonstration of his musical talent (the first musical publication of the young composer refers to the age of 12). At the age of seven, <mask> began regular music lessons (violin), first in the Moscow Central Music School and then at the Music School of Belarusian State Conservatory, where he also started to learn composition under the leadership of a famous Belarusian composer Evgeniy Tikotski. In 1955, Smolski entered the Moscow Conservatory to the class of prof. Yuri Shaporin, but a year later he had to return to Minsk for health reasons. D. Smolski graduated from the Belarusian State Conservatory, where he studied in the composition class of prof. A. Bogatyrev (1960), followed by post-graduate studies in Moscow Conservatory under the guidance of prof. Nikolay Peyko (1967).Career
From 1962 till 2014 D. Smolski taught composition at the Belarusian State Academy of Music. The main facts of the biography of <mask> were illustrated in the Belarusian film "10 Revelations of <mask> Smolski" (author T. Dubkova). Creative path
Creative path of <mask>ki which

masks:
Dmitry Smolski
Dmitry Smolsky
Dmitry Smolski
Dmitry
Dmitry Smolski
Dmitry
Dmitry Smols


texts: began in the late 1950s is the brightest page in the history of modern music. He is one of those composers who created a completely new trend in the Belarusian music of the late 1960s – early 1970s and demonstrated a fundamentally new attitude to the art of composing. Brilliant talent and mastery in modern composing techniques (D. Smolski had a lively interest in European avant-garde of the 1960s) became the basis of a rare form of perfection in all his works. The unique author's nature of composing allows listeners and connoisseurs to talk about an outstanding “Smolski’s tone”. <mask> was not afraid to enter into a confrontation with the generally accepted semi-official style prevailing in the Belarusian art at that time.He created the original symphony "Oktofoniya" (1967) and chamber oratorio "Song of Hiroshima" on the poems by Japanese poets (1965). Both artworks were written in the serial technique. In those years Smolski often used elements of avant-garde style in his chamber music. We can’t help mentioning his great works with elements of humor (Concertino for violin, Variations for wind instruments and percussion). In the later works, this gentle humor turned into sarcasm with elements of tragic farce (Variations with the Belarusian mentality, 15th Symphony, parts of other symphonies, etc.). The main theme of Smolski’s works has always been philosophical understanding of human life and destiny in a totalitarian society, the depth of psychological state of the person in dramatic situations. Each of his 15 symphonies reflects dramatic, tragic or sarcastic aspects of the complex individual experiences in


texts:
 the interaction with aggression or indifference of the world.<mask> not only created his majestic symphonies but also enriched Belarusian musical history with his operas "Hoary Legend" (based on the novel by V. Karatkevich) and "Francis Skaryna"; monumental oratorios "My Motherland" (based on poems of Belarusian poets) and "Poet" (based on the work and life of famous Belarusian poet Yanka Kupala); instrumental concerts (for piano, violin, cello, cymbals); chamber instrumental and vocal compositions. Smolski’s music was played successfully in many countries (Germany, France, Italy, Russia, South Korea, USA, etc.). The CD with the recordings of his symphonies released by the British "Olympia" was the best on the CD Contest in the USA in 1992. <mask> was also a wonderful teacher. He worked in the Belarusian State Conservatory (now the Belarusian State Academy of Music) more than a half of the century. During that time he has taught several generations of famous composers, winners of national awards, associated professors - in short, those people whose works create the face of modern Belarusian music. <mask> died on September 29, 2017.Awards and ranks
Belarusian Lenin Komsomol Prize (1972)
Honored Artist of Belarus (1975)
State Prize of the Republic of Belarus (1980)
Professor (1986)
National Artist of the Republic of Belarus (1987)
Special Prize of the President of the Republic of Belarus (2003)
Cup "Pride of the Nation" (2012)
Order of Francysk Skaryna (2013)

Works
Stage works:

Operas: "Hoary Legend" (1978); "Francis Skaryna" (1988); concert opera "Apalon-zakanadautsa" based on Vardotsky’s opera (1991).

masks:
Dmitry Smolski
Dmitry Smolski
Dmitry Smolsky


texts:
 Symphonic works:

Symphony №1 (1962), Oktofoniya (1967), Symphony №2 (1982), №3 with solo piano (1985), №4 with solo violin (1986), №5 for chamber orchestra (1987), №6 (1989), №7 (1990), №8 based on  poems by Joseph Brodsky (1992); №9 with solo electric guitar (1994); №10 "Ten revelations" with solo viola (1996); №11 (2003); №12 (2005); №13 (2007); №14 (2010); №15 (2014). Orchestral works:

Festive Overture (1963), music for stringed instruments, 2 pipes, accordion and orchestra (1965), poem "Belarus" (1968), Symphonic Picture (1974); Aria for chamber orchestra (1978), "Symon Musician" for violin, violin ensemble and chamber orchestra (1982). Instrumental concerts:

For piano and orchestra №1 (1960), №2 (1975), Concertino for violin (1972), for cello (1973); for cymbals and folk orchestra №1 (1961), №2 (1974), №3 (1983), Concerto for piano №2 (1996). For dance orchestra:

"Basso-ostinato" based on the Belarusian folk song "Chamu zh mnie nia piec’?" Instrumental chamber music:

For piano: Sonata №1 (1956), №2 (1959), Waltz (1964), Suite "Game of Light" (1964), three preludes and fugues (1982). For flute and piano: variations on the basso ostinato (1963), Sonata (1965).For horn and piano: Scherzo, impromptu (1980). For violin and piano: “Elegy and Toccata in memory of Dmitri Shostakovich" (1975), "Chant", “Dance” (1977). Variations for wind instruments and percussion (1971), Elegy and Rondo for viola and piano (1973), three pieces for cymbals and piano (1973), Rondo for cello and piano (1979), two pieces for solo cymbals (1981), String quartet (1983), "To the Question of Understanding" for flute and bassoon


texts:
 (1989). Vocal music:

Vocal cycles: "Girls’ lyrical” based on lyrics by A. Astreyko (1959), "Spanish triptych" on the poems by Federico García Lorca (1971), vocal cycle on the poems by Fyodor Tyutchev (1976), "Five lyrical intermezzos" on the poems by G. Heyne (1978), Triptych for voice, violin and piano on the poems by E. Pashkevich, "Three monologues" on the poems by Y. Polonski (1978), the vocal cycle on lyrics by A. Voznesensky (1979), the vocal cycle on the poems by Marina Tsvetaeva (1980), the vocal cycle on the poems by Anna Akhmatova (1980), the vocal cycle on the poems by Boris Pasternak (1983). Pop Songs: More than thirty. Choral works:

"The Partisan Triptych" on the poems by M. Tank (1971). "Pietrus" (1979), "My Motherland” on the poems by N. Gіlevіch  (1979).Music for theater performances:

"Konstantin Zaslonov" (1967), "The Tablet Under The Tongue" (1972), "The Thief" (1973). Music for films:
"Rechitskaya lyrical" (1966), "Peter Kupriyanov and others", "The Legend about Minsk" (1967), "There was a war" (1972), "Feedback" (1973), "Wolf Pack" (1975). References

References
 Yudenich N.N. Hope and doubt. Soviet music.1967, №5
 Auerbach L. Our composers. Dzmіtry Smolskі. Siarhei Kartes.Minsk, Belarus, 1973
 Rakova, E<mask> Smolski. Minsk, 1975
 Auerbach L. D. Smolsky. Belarusian composers. Moscow, 1978
 Dubkova T. <mask>lski. Moscow, 1980
 Mdivani T., Sergienko R. Belarusian composers. Minsk, Belarus, 1997

1937 births
2017 deaths
20th-century classical composers
Belarusian composers
Belarusian State Academy of Music faculty
Moscow Conservatory alumni
Male classical composers
20th-century male

masks:
. Dmitry
Dmitry Smo


texts:
<mask><mask> (June 18, 1971 – June 23, 2021) was a Canadian professional wrestler, bodybuilder, fitness model, and actress. She was best known for appearing in the first two seasons of the Game Show Network show Extreme Dodgeball. In professional wrestling, she was known for her appearances in World Wrestling Entertainment's developmental territories Ohio Valley Wrestling and Deep South Wrestling, NWA Anarchy, and Women Superstars Uncensored. On the independent circuit, she was the valet of Sabu, under the ring name Super Genie. Bodybuilding
Prior to entering professional wrestling, <mask> aspired to become a professional tennis player after watching Martina Navratilova. In order to train effectively for tennis, <mask> began weightlifting at 15, and during that same year, she entered her first tennis competition in 1984, where she lasted until the finals. She re-entered the following year and won the Mid-Canada Junior Girls Championship.However, she soon began to shift her attention from tennis to bodybuilding and entered her first contest in the early 1990s, where she won the overall lightweight category of the Windsor Physique Contest. After she began having prominence, <mask> decided to move to Los Angeles and worked for two gyms and two bars to finance herself. After being granted professional status in 1995, she won the Jan Tana Classic in 1996. In 1999, she took a leave from bodybuilding and subsequently began working as a model. She also competed in the first two seasons of Extreme Dodgeball on the Game Show Network. Her team, the Barbell Mafia team, qualified for the playoffs in the first season, but failed to qualify the next year. Professional wrestling career

Early career (2002–2006)

After training at both Killer Kowalski's training school and Ultimate Pro Wrestling's Ultimate University.In 2005, <mask> made an appearance in the Naked Women's Wrestling League (NWWL), hosted by Carmen Electra. <mask> wrestled April Hunter, in which both wrestlers appeared completely

masks:
Melissa L
. Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates


texts:
 nude. WWE developmental system (2005–2007)

<mask> moved down to Louisville, Kentucky to begin training in World Wrestling Entertainment's developmental territory Ohio Valley Wrestling. <mask> then made an appearance at WWE's Backlash, taking part in Chris Masters' "Master Lock Challenge" segment, where he offered $3000 to anyone who could break his Master Lock, which she failed to do. She was then placed in OVW as an official trainee and became the "head of security" for Kenny Bolin's stable "Bolin's Services". Soon after, however, <mask> left both OVW and WWE and went to work for World Xtreme Wrestling. <mask> returned to OVW, albeit not under a WWE developmental contract.Upon resuming, she soon began facing off with several of the OVW Divas, including Beth Phoenix, Mickie James, Melina Perez. <mask> later turned heel and began managing the OVW Southern Tag Team Champions Blonde Bombers (Tank and Chad Toland), as well as becoming Jillian Hall's bodyguard and went on a spree of blinding people with rubbing alcohol in storyline. After training in OVW, <mask> then moved over to Deep South Wrestling and debuted for the territory as The Bag Lady, a homeless woman who became the love interest and eventually the valet of The Freakin' Deacon. On February 22, 2007, the Bag Lady debuted a new Diva-esque look and defeated Angel Williams in their subsequent match. The Bag Lady then began feuding with both Williams and Krissy Vaine. On the April 5 episode of DSW TV Tapings, The Bag Lady accompanied Nattie Neidhart to the ring where she lost to Krissy Vaine after the distraction by Williams followed by Vaine using the heel of a shoe. In March 2015, Devon Nicholson described an incident from 2006 that Bill DeMott was involved with while he was head trainer for the WWE's Deep South Wrestling developmental territory.Nicholson described an incident where Drew Hankinson was completely naked in the ring for a long period of time and gave naked stinkfaces to <mask> and Matt Cardona while DeMott

masks: Coates Coates Coates Coates Coates Coates Coates


texts:
 held jelly donuts over their faces. The wrestlers agreed to do this (with the other talent encouraging them) to get out of regular training for that day. DeMott refuted the notion that it was his idea, stating that the other trainees came up with it because they wanted to skip the session. NWA Anarchy (2007–2008)

In her first appearances on the indy circuit after leaving DSW, <mask> made her debut for Great Championship Wrestling on May 29 and defeated Daffney to win the NWA/GCW Women's Championship, her first professional wrestling championship. <mask> continued to remain champion until the title was seemingly forgotten and then deactivated in late 2007. <mask> also made several appearances for other Georgia-based wrestling promotions in both a wrestling and managerial role. On July 7, she made her debut for NWA Anarchy as a heel, challenging and defeating several male wrestlers in intergender matches.At NWA Anarchy's Fright Night event, <mask> teamed up with fellow DSW alumnus Tony Santarelli to defeat Todd Sexton and referee Wes Grissom, the latter of whom <mask> was feuding with. On December 15, <mask> began an angle with Don Matthews after <mask> attacked Matthews and his tag team partner Brodie Chase. All three were then entered into an Anarchy Battle Royal to determine the number one contender for the Television Championship, but both <mask> and Matthews were simultaneously eliminated and Matthews began showing affection towards her. On December 29, Matthews publicly declared his affection towards <mask> before she struck him in response. The angle between the two continued until Matthews' tag team partner Brodie Chase revealed that he and <mask> were together, turning Chase heel in the process. On May 31, 2008, Chase defeated Matthews while having <mask> in his corner. While working outside of NWA Anarchy, <mask> took on a managerial role in April 2008.Using the ring name Mile High Melissa, <mask> adopted a flight attendant gimmick and joined "Captain" Mike Flyte, with

masks: Coates Coates Coates Coates Coates Coates Coates Coates Coates Coates Coates Coates Coates


texts:
 the pair collectively known as The Flight Crew. In July 2008, they were joined by "Captain" Jason Static, though Static left the stable after a few months before <mask> left NWA Anarchy. Women Superstars Uncensored (2008–2010)

On August 23, 2008, <mask> made her debut in Women Superstars Uncensored as a villainess and defeated Autumn Breeze in her debut match. Beginning in October, she formed a tag team called the Badass Beauties with Trixxie Lynn. The team made its debut on October 10 in a victory over Annie Social and Rick Cataldo. The following day, the Badass Beauties lost to the Beatdown Betties (Roxxie Cotton and Annie Social) in the first round of a tournament for the vacant Tag Team Championship. After winning a number of singles matches throughout 2009, <mask> gained a title match with the WSU Champion Mercedes Martinez April 3, 2010, but was unsuccessful in winning the title.On November 6, <mask> wrestled in a six-person gauntlet match for the company's unsanctioned All Guts, No Glory Championship, but was unsuccessful as Angel Orsini, the title's creator and holder, retained the title. <mask> left the company shortly after. Funking Conservatory (2008–2010)

On December 31, 2008, <mask> made her Funking Conservatory debut on !Bang! TV at their Hell's Bells event, where she was unsuccessful in defeating Claudia "The Claw" Reiff for the Funking Conservatory Women's Championship. On May 3, 2009, she returned to the promotion for their Hard-Core Brawl event and lost an intergender tag team match with Blain Rage to Reiff and Johnny Romano. On September 5 at Fall Brawl, <mask> and Reiff lost to The Wasilla Wrecking Crew (Charlotte Mahoy and Rachael Moore) in a match for the Funking Conservatory Women's Tag Team Championship. At Morbid Power on October 17, she and Reiff defeated The Wasilla Wrecking Crew for the Women's Tag Team Title.Despite being partners, <mask> and Reiff wrestled in a three-way match for Reiff's Women's Title that also involved then-champion Rachael Moore

masks: Coates Coates Coates Coates Coates Coates Coates Coates


texts:
 at Turkey Shoot on November 21, which Moore won to retain the title. On December 31 at Hell's Bells, <mask> competed in a gauntlet match for the Women's Championship, but was unable to win as Reiff reclaimed the title. Following this, <mask> left !Bang! at the beginning of 2010, resulting in the Women's Tag Team Title being vacated in the process. Independent circuit (2011–2021)

After leaving Women Superstars Uncensored, <mask> began competing on the independent circuit throughout 2011 before taking a hiatus due to requiring knee surgery. On February 4, 2012, <mask> made her debut for the Michigan Championship Wrestling Association in a mixed tag team match, where she teamed with Tyler Elkins to defeat Sybil Starr and Brian Castle. As a result of gaining the pinfall for her team, <mask> was granted a match against the Bombshell's Champion Arella Angel.On March 3, <mask> defeated Angel to win the Bombshell's Title. Soon after the victory, <mask> left the MCWA, leading to the Bombshell's Title being vacated in the process. On June 15, 2012, <mask> defeated Stacy Shadows to win the Brew City Wrestling Women's Championship, ending Shadows' near two year-long championship reign. <mask> would go on to hold the title for over three months before losing it back to Shadows on September 21 in a three-way match also involving Melanie Cruise. On November 15, 2014, <mask> began managing Sabu, complete with the nickname "The Super Genie". Personal life

<mask>' mother was a nurse and amateur actress and a bodybuilder while her father is a doctor. She was the youngest of four children, having a sister and two brothers.She also earned her Bachelor of Science in biology from Lakehead University, due to originally wanting to become a veterinarian. On November 12, 2020, a GoFundMe page was created on her behalf. <mask> was experiencing excruciating pain in her left leg. She was quickly admitted to the Emergency Department at the University Medical Center in Las Vegas, where doctors observed

masks: Coates Coates Coates Coates Coates Coates Coates Coates Coates Coates Coates Coates


texts:
 several blood clots in her leg. Despite several procedures to save her leg, doctors observed that the blood clots were spreading and were life-threatening. Thus, doctors had no choice but to perform life-saving surgery, requiring the amputation of her left leg from above the knee. As a result of this medical emergency, <mask> incurred substantial medical bills and was put out of work for an indefinite amount of time as she rehabilitated her injury.<mask> died on June 23, 2021, five days after her birthday. Other media

Filmography

Pray Another Day (2003)
Ultimate Death Match 2 (2010) as herself
A Story About Ian (2011) as "Female Bodybuilder"

Television appearances

Extreme Dodgeball (2004) as herself
Traveling the Stars: Action Bronson and Friends Watch 'Ancient Aliens': Alien Devastation (2016) as "Super Genie"

Championships and accomplishments

Bodybuilding

1991 Windsor Physique – 1st (LW)
1992 Eastern Ontario – 1st (MW)
1993 Ontario – 1st (MW)
1994 Canadian Championships – 1st (MW)
1996 Jan Tana Classic – 1st (Overall)
1996 IFBB Ms. Olympia – 9th
1997 IFBB Ms. International – 6th
1997 IFBB Ms. Olympia – 11th
1999 IFBB Ms. International – 13th

Professional wrestling

Brew City Wrestling
BCW Women's Championship (1 time)
Dragon Con
Dragon Con Women's Championship (1 time)
Funking Conservatory
FC Women's Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Claudia Reiff
Great Championship Wrestling
NWA/GCW Women's Championship (1 time)
Indiana Universal Wrestling Association
IUWA Diva's Championship (1 time)
Michigan Championship Wrestling Association
MCWA Bombshell's Championship (1 time)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
Ranked No. 41 of the best 50 female singles wrestlers in the PWI Female 50 in 2010

References

External links

Official website

1971 births
2021 deaths
Canadian expatriate professional wrestlers in the United States
Canadian female bodybuilders
Canadian female professional wrestlers
Professional wrestlers from Ontario
Professional bodybuilders
Sportspeople from Thunder

masks: Coates Coates


texts:
<mask> (born 13 September 1987) is an English footballer who plays as a midfielder for Havant & Waterlooville. He has played in the Football League for Leeds United, Ipswich Town, Cardiff City, Queens Park Rangers, Hull City, Plymouth Argyle, Blackpool, Crewe Alexandra, Stevenage, and Crawley Town. <mask> was capped by England at under-16, under-17 and under-19 level. Career

Leeds United
Born in Sherburn-in-Elmet, <mask> started his career at hometown club Leeds United. He came to attention after being sent off in a pre-season friendly against Valencia in 2004, whilst still just sixteen. He was likened to former Elland Road heroes Alan Smith and David Batty. He made his competitive debut on 7 August 2004 against Derby County, and went on to score three goals in the 2004–05 season, Leeds' first in the Championship.<mask> struggled to break into the first team during the 2005–06 season with his only appearances coming after injuries to Sean Gregan, Shaun Derry, Jonathan Douglas and Gylfi Einarsson. Charlton Athletic
In July 2006 he joined Premier League side Charlton Athletic for an initial fee of £500,000, with clauses that could create a total £1m fee. He quickly moved on loan to get some regular first-team football, moving to Ipswich Town three games into the Championship season on 18 August 2006. <mask> scored several important goals for Ipswich before being loaned to another Championship side, Cardiff City, in January 2007. When playing for Cardiff, he was sent off against former club Leeds for two bookable offences. Queens Park Rangers
<mask> joined Championship side Queens Park Rangers on 27 July 2007 in a £200,000 deal, having never played a competitive game for Charlton. Shortly afterwards, he broke his leg in a friendly against Fulham.On 29 January 2008 <mask> moved to Championship play-off hopefuls Hull City on loan for the remainder of the 2007–08 season. Plymouth Argyle
On 6 August 2008, <mask> signed for Plymouth Argyle on a four-year contract. Originally proclaimed as a club record

masks:
Simon William Walton
Walton
Walton
Walton
Walton
Walton
Walton
Walton


texts: signing at £750,000, the initial fee paid was well below the £500,000 paid to Cardiff City for Steve MacLean and never surpassed it prior to the club being placed in administration in March 2011. <mask> made his debut for Plymouth in a 2–2 draw with Wolves on 9 August. On 22 December 2008 <mask> was placed on the transfer list by Paul Sturrock after being sent off in a league match against Barnsley. Sturrock questioned <mask>'s attitude and temperament after some abject performances, and rash decisions by the player. On 26 March 2009 he joined Blackpool on loan until the end of the season.He made his debut on 11 April as a 74th-minute substitute in Blackpool's 1–0 West Lancashire Derby win over Preston North End at Deepdale. On 31 August 2009 he joined Crewe Alexandra on loan for the 2009–10 season. <mask> joined Sheffield United on a season-long loan in July 2010. However, he suffered cruciate knee ligament damage during his first outing for the club in a pre-season friendly which proved to be a long-term injury. Following a recovery period at Bramall Lane his parent club, Plymouth Argyle, agreed to terminate his loan and recall him at the start of September. On 5 April 2011, <mask> made his first appearance for nine months, and his first for Argyle since 2008, against Leyton Orient. <mask> scored his first goal in the match against MK Dons on 25 April 2011.After the club appointed Carl Fletcher as caretaker manager the captaincy was handed to <mask> who has become one of the senior players in the young squad. <mask> has subsequently scored several goals, some as penalties, including a brace against Burton Albion on 14 January 2012. <mask> had his contract extended until the end of the 2012–13 season in April 2012. Manager Carl Fletcher revealed that <mask> had agreed a new deal the previous autumn when the club was in the process of being bought by businessman James Brent. "He signed a new deal during the takeover to benefit the club," said Fletcher in an interview with BBC Radio Devon. "He agreed

masks: Walton Walton Walton Walton Walton Walton Walton Walton Walton Walton


texts:
 terms on a deal when the club was being taken over to help and aid the club in getting it out of administration." Hartlepool United
<mask> was released by Plymouth in July 2012 so he could be closer to his daughter, and signed for Hartlepool United on 6 July.Stevenage
Walton signed for Stevenage on 30 June 2014 on a free transfer. Crawley Town
Walton signed for Crawley Town on 18 June 2015 on a free transfer on a two-year deal. Maidstone United
On 12 October 2018, <mask> joined Maidstone United permanently after a short-term loan. At the end of December 2018, Tristan Lewis was appointed caretaker manager, with <mask> as his assistant. Havant & Waterlooville
On 11 May 2019, Havant & Waterlooville announced that <mask> had joined the club as a player / coach. Personal life
<mask> began dating Nicola Tappenden, a glamour model, in 2007 and they went on to be engaged. He became a father in November 2008 when Tappenden gave birth to a baby girl named Poppy.His younger sister, Sophie, represented England at youth international level, and has played in the Women's Premier League and Women's Super League. Both <mask> and Sophie studied at Boston Spa Academy during their time as Leeds United Academy scholars. References

External links

1987 births
Living people
English footballers
England youth international footballers
Association football midfielders
Leeds United F.C. players
Charlton Athletic F.C. players
Ipswich Town F.C. players
Cardiff City F.C. players
Queens Park Rangers F.C.players
Hull City A.F.C. players
Plymouth Argyle F.C. players
Blackpool F.C. players
Crewe Alexandra F.C. players
Sheffield United F.C. players
Hartlepool United F.C. players
Stevenage F.C.players
Crawley Town F.C. players
Garforth Town A.F.C. players
Guiseley A.F.C. players
Sutton United F.C. players
Billericay Town F.C. players
Maidstone United F.C. players
Havant & Waterlooville F.C.players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
People from Sherburn in Elmet
People educated at Boston Spa

masks: Walton Walton Walton Walton Walton Simon


texts:
<mask> (born 1955, Voorburg) is a Dutch graphic designer, photographer, and the co-founder of Emigre Fonts with his wife Zuzana Licko. Emigre Fonts is an independent type foundry in Berkeley, CA. He was also the art director and editor of Emigre magazine, the legendary journal devoted to visual communications from 1984 to 2005. Since arriving in California in 1981, he has been photographing his adoptive Golden State as an ongoing side project. He has authored a total of 11 photo books on the topic, and staged two solo exhibits at Gallery 16 in San Francisco. Education and graphic design

<mask> studied graphic design at the Royal Academy of Art in the Hague (KABK) and graduated in 1979. He worked as an apprentice designer at Wim Crouwel's Total Design in Amsterdam and as a junior designer at Form Vijf and Tel Design in The Hague.In 1981, he moved to California and studied photography at the University of California, Berkeley where he met Licko. <mask> was first introduced to type design while at KABK, where the well-known Dutch type designer and teacher Gerrit Noordzij had started an ambitious and influential type and lettering program in 1970. When asked in 2001 for a contribution to a Noordzij tribute, <mask> wrote: “Noordzij is a very distant memory for me. Although any wisdom regarding type that I carry with me must have come from him. From 1983–85, he worked as a graphic designer and illustrator in the art department at the

masks:
Rudy VanderLans
VanderLans
VanderLans
VanderLans


texts:
 San Francisco Chronicle newspaper. <mask> has received honorary Doctor of Arts degrees from Rhode Island School of Design (2004) and California Institute of the Arts in Valencia, California (2005). Emigre

From 1984 until 2005 VanderLans published, edited, and designed Emigre magazine, a quarterly publication devoted to visual communication and known for its inclusion of design discourse.Andrew Blauvelt, whose writing often occurred in the magazine, wrote that "Emigre covered emerging graphic designers and typographers seldom profiled in typical industry publications. It also published spirited design criticism in its pages–finding itself to be both the message and the messenger of many debates.”

Licko and VanderLans were early adopters of the personal computer, and Emigres launch coincided with the release of the Macintosh computer. They used the new technology to create some of the very first digital layouts and typeface designs. Their experimental design aesthetics earned them equal amounts of praise and criticism in the 1990s. Exposure of Zuzana Licko's fonts through the magazine led to VanderLans and Licko founding Emigre Fonts in 1985. VanderLans’ main contribution to Emigre Fonts continue to be his type specimen designs. In a review of the book Emigre Fonts: Type Specimens 1986-2016, critic Kenneth FitzGerald remarked that “Emigre’s specimens are notable for the negotiation of practical considerations and creative


texts:
 idealism—the essence of all graphic design.They demonstrate an adept dovetailing of these concerns, crafting a format that stimulates desire then provides an efficient vehicle for satisfying it. A balance is struck between providing an enthusing context for the type while not overwhelming it. Though far from 'neutral,' the framework is evocative and clear.”

Books
 Emigre (The Book): Graphic Design into the Digital Realm, New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold; John Wiley & Sons, 1993
 Emigre: Rosbeek 43, Charles Nypels Award, 1998, Netherlands: Drukkerij Rosbeek, 1998
 Emigre No.70, Selections from Emigre Magazine #1 – #69, Berkeley, CA: Gingko Press, 2009
 Departures: Five Milestone Font Families by Emigre, Berkeley, CA: Emigre, 2011
 Emigre Fonts: Type Specimens 1986 - 2016, Berkeley, CA: Gingko Press, 2016

Photography

As a parallel interest to his design ventures, VanderLans has been photographing the California environment since he moved there from the Netherlands in 1981. He has authored a total of eleven photo books on the topic, and staged two solo exhibits at Gallery 16 in San Francisco.Photography books Positively Palmtree, small artist book created as an artist in residence at the Visual Studies Workshop in Rochester NY, 1985. Picture the Southwest, small artist book, part of Emigre No. 7, 1987. 70: The Look Back Issue" and Base 900)
 “Postmodernism: Style and Subversion 1970–1990,” Victoria & Albert Museum, London,


texts:
 2011
 "Standard Deviations," MoMA, New York, 2011 (featured 23 digital typefaces for their permanent collection, including five Emigre font families: Jeffery Keedy's Keedy Sans, Jonathan Barnbrook's Mason Serif, Barry Deck's Template Gothic, Zuzana Licko's Oakland—renamed Lo-Res in 2001—and P. Scott Makela's Dead History)
 “Work from California,” 25th International Biennial of Graphic Design, Brno, Czech Republic, 2012
 “Revolution/Evolution,” College for Creative Studies, Detroit, 2014
 “Typeface to Interface,” Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, 2016
 “California Graphic Design, 1975–95,” Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, 2018
 “Between the Lines: Typography in LACMA’s Collection,” Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, 2019Permanent collections'''
 Denver Art Museum holds a complete set of Emigre magazine in their permanent collection.Design Museum in London holds a complete set of Emigre magazine in their permanent collection. Letterform Archive holds the Emigre Archives in their permanent collection. Museum für Gestaltung (Museum of Design, Zurich) holds Emigre magazine issues in their permanent collection. Museum of Modern Art in New York holds a complete set of Emigre magazine, and five digital fonts from the Emigre Fonts library in their permanent collection. Museum of Modern Art in San Francisco holds a complete set of Emigre magazine in their permanent collection. See also
 List of AIGA


texts:
 medalists
 First Things First 2000 manifesto

References

Additional online resources

 Eye (Website), “Cult of the Ugly,” by Steven Heller, 1993
 Letter to Emigre Magazine, (PDF) by Gunnar Swanson, 1994
 2x4 (Website), “Designer as Author,” by Michael Rock, 1996
SpeakUp (Website), Interview with <mask>ans by Armin Vit, 2002. Typotheque (Website), “Context in Critique,” review of Emigre #64, Rant, by Dmitri Siegel, 2004
 Typotheque (Website), “<mask>, editor of Emigre,” interview by David Casacuberta and Rosa Llop, 2004
 AIGA (Website), “An Interview with <mask>ans: Still Subversive After All These Years,” by Steven Heller, 2004
 Design Observer (Website), “Emigre: An Ending,” by Rick Poynor, 2005
 TapeOp (Website), “<mask>ans: Emigre No.69: The End,” review by John Baccigaluppi, 2008
 Eye (Website), “The farewell tour syndrome,” book review by Emily King, 2009
 Communication Arts (Website), “Emigre No.70: The Look Back Issue,” book review by Angelynn Grant, 2009
 Dwell (Website), "Emigre No.70,” book review by Miyoko Ohtake, 2009
 Print (Website), “Emigre’s Lucky Number,” by Steven Heller, 2009
 Print magazine (Website), “Design Couples: <mask> and Zuzana Licko," interview by Caitlin Dover, 2010
 Fast Company (Website), “Type Master: An Interview with Emigre’s <mask>," by Alissa Walker, 2010. The Atlantic (Website), "Can the Rule-Breaking Font Designers of Three Decades Ago Still Break Rules?,” by Steven Heller, 2012
Plazm

masks:
Rudy VanderL
Rudy VanderLans
Rudy VanderL
Rudy VanderL
Rudy VanderLans
Rudy VanderLans


texts:
 Magazine (Website), "In Conversation with Emigre" by Sara Dougher and Joshua Berger, 2013
 Communication Arts (Website), “Emigre Fonts,” book review by Angelynn Grant, 2016
Print (Website), “The Legibility Wars of the ‘80s and ‘90s,” 2016
 AIGA, Eye on Design (Website), “Emigre Type Foundry Pretty Much Designed the ‘90s—Here’s What it Looked Like,” book review by Angela Riechers, 2016
 MyFonts (Website), interview with Zuzana Licko by Jan Middendorp, 2016. Fontstand (Website), “Emigre: Time and Time Again,” by Sébastien Morlighem, 2016
 Klim Type Foundry (Website), “Tilting at windmills,” <mask> vanderLans replies to “Welcome to the infill font foundry,” 2016
 University of Reading (Website), “Emigre magazine: design, discourse and authorship,” an exhibition curated by Francisca Monteiro and Rick Poynor, 2017
 Typography & Graphic Communication (Website), "Emigre magazine: design, discourse and authorship,” exhibition, 2017
 Huffington Post (Website), “One of Today’s Most Popular Fonts Has a Wild Centuries-Long History,” by Maddie Crum, 2017
 ReadyMag Stories (Website), “Emigre,” by Zhdan Philippov and Vitaly Volk, 2020
 “Typography and Legibility: An Analysis of Tschichold, Licko, and VanderLans,” (PDF) by Chaney Boyle, 2020
 MoMA (Website), Emigre Magazine, issues 1-69, permanent collection
 MoMA (Website), Oakland typeface, permanent collection

Additional print resources

 Bouvet, Michel, East Coast West Coast: Graphistes


texts:
 aux États-unis, Paris, France, Les Éditions Textuel, 2002. Essay on history of Emigre. Dawson, Peter, The Field Guide to Typography: Typefaces in the Urban Landscape, New York, NY, Prestel, 2013. Interview with Rudy VanderLans & Zuzana Licko. Eskilson, Stephen J., Graphic Design: A New History, London, UK, Laurence King Publishing, 2007.Essay on Emigre in chapter on “Postmodern Typography.”
 Heller, Stephen, ed., Design Literacy: Understanding Graphic Design. New York, NY, Allworth Press with School of Visual Arts, 2014. Essay on Emigre in chapter on "Mass Media.”
 Lupton, Ellen, Mixing Messages: Graphic Design in Contemporary Culture, New York, NY, Princeton Architectural Press, 1996. Short profile of Emigre and Zuzana Licko's typefaces. Book published in conjunction with exhibit at Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum. McCarthy, Steven, The Designer as Author, Producer, Activist, Entrepreneur, Curator & Collaborator: New Models for Communicating, Amsterdam, Netherlands, BIS, 2013. Emigre referenced throughout, and short profile of Emigre in chapter on “Typographic Design Authorship.”
 Meggs, Philip B., ed., A History of Graphic Design, New York, NY, John Wiley & Sons, 1998.Profile of Emigre in chapter on “Pioneers of Digital Graphic Design.”
 Poynor, Rick, Design Without Boundaries: Visual Communication in Transition, London, UK, Booth-Clibborn Editions, 1998. Emigre referenced in essay “Cult of the Ugly,” and one essay,


texts:
 “Into the Digital Realm,” on Emigre. Poynor, Rick, No More Rules: Graphic Design and Postmodernism, New Haven, CT, Yale University Press, 2003. Emigre referenced throughout. Shaughnessy, Adrian, How to be a Graphic Designer, Without Losing Your Soul'', London, UK, Laurence King Publishing, 2005. Interview with <mask>. External links
 Emigre official site
Emigre Archives at Letterform Archive (all issues are available in full online)
Emigre Magazine Index created by Jessica Barness for The Goldstein Museum of Design
Emigre Fonts at Adobe Fonts

1955 births
Living people
Dutch graphic designers
Dutch typographers and type designers
Dutch magazine founders
Design writers
People from Voorburg
University of California, Berkeley alumni
AIGA


texts:
<mask> (born September 16, 1956) is a Czech scientist and businessman, the owner and CEO of the real estate development company EKOSPOL and owner and director of Tabor Zoo. He is the co-author of 11 patents and more than 20 research articles published in international scientific journals. <mask> has also written six books, one of which (Co je v domě, není pro mě!) became a bestseller shortly after publication. Education and scientific career
<mask> graduated from the Faculty of Science, Charles University in 1981, in Molecular Biology and Genetics. His Master's thesis was titled "Analysis of Susceptibility and Resistance to Rous Sarcoma Virus in Inbred Line of Minor Poultry." Between 1983 and 1986, he worked as a researcher at the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, where he received a PhD in Oncology with his doctoral thesis, "The Expression and Detection of Virus Proteins of Tumor Viruses."After 1986, <mask> completed long-term research fellowships at universities across Europe, including the University of Göttingen in Germany, and universities in London and Paris. He was the co-author of 11 patents in the field of Molecular Biology and Genetics, publishing more than 20 research articles in

masks:
Evzen Korec
Korec
Korec
Korec


texts:
 international scientific journals. Business career
In 1992, he founded the real estate development company EKOSPOL, and has served as its CEO and chairman since then. EKOSPOL is one of the two largest residential developers in the Czech Republic by market share of apartment sales, and has also been listed among the 50 leading residential developers in Central and Eastern Europe by a trade magazine. Korec lectures regularly at the University of Economics in Prague, and frequently comments on residential development, construction, housing market and the mortgage market in Czech media. Between 2010 and 2016 and in 2018, he was the most frequently quoted public figure in the Czech development industry, and EKOSPOL was the most frequently mentioned development company in the media. In 2013, Korec received the Top Manager of the Sector of Real Estate Development and Construction Award in the Manager of the Year 2012 Awards.Korec's rule
As the CEO of EKOSPOL development company, Korec formulated Korec's rule, which says: "The final sales price of an apartment with the area of up to 50 m2 must correspond to a maximum of 20 times the annual rent in a given location. For larger apartments (large one bedroom apartment, two bedroom


texts:
 apartment etc.) the sales price should be on the level of a maximum of 25 to 30 times the annual rent." Korec's rule helps a person interested in buying an apartment to relatively precisely determine the maximum sales price of an apartment in a given location. This rule applies generally, independent of the location. The rent price already reflects the attractiveness of the location, and the current rent price of a given location can be easily found on real estate websites. Animal protection
Korec is also active in the field of animal protection and preservation.In 2015, Korec rescued Tabor Zoo from liquidation, buying the zoo from an insolvency administrator. The zoo was re-opened to the public later that year, focused on the preservation of endangered species. Korec himself is a breeder of various animals, including koi carp and horses. He is the owner of Korec Corso kennel, home to the most successful bitch of the Cane Corso dog breed in the Czech Republic in 2015, Koleta Atison. Through his company EKOSPOL, Korec supports the civic association Společnost pro zvířata ("Society for Animals") and charitable trust Česká Krajina, and also sponsors Tabor Zoo. Korec also supports the animal rights campaign "Konec doby klecové"


texts:
 ("The End of the Cage Era") organized by Společnost pro zvířata (Society for Animals), with the goal of ending the cage farming of poultry and all other animal species in the Czech Republic, and Česká krajina's biodiversity protection projects focused on the reintroduction of native Czech animal species, such as wild horses, European bisons or aurochs. Scientific research
Korec leads a scientific group in Tabor Zoo focused on the genetics of two animal models – dogs and Bison sp.His group determined the average lifespan of Cane Corso dogs through a study of a statistically significant group in cooperation with 72 Cane Corso kennels from 25 countries. The research aims to extend the life of Cane Corso dogs. In this publication, the relationship between average lifespan and hair colour was described in mammals for the first time. The research results were published in the Open Veterinary Journal. Other articles are related to the inheritance of canine hip dysplasia and the inheritance of coat colour in the Cane Corso Italiano breed. The latter describes the segregation ratio of coat colour in the offspring in relation to the coat colour of the parents. The results suggest that at least one gene responsible for coat colouring is


texts:
 located on the sex‑chromosome.The findings are supposed to help breeders predict various traits of the litter. Another project of Korec is focused on the longevity of European and American bison. The recent results determine the median longevity of Bison sp. and show that both Bison species show the biggest difference in longevity between sexes that has been described in mammals so far. This research aims to explain the genetic background of bison longevity, for use in European bison conservation and protection. Korec is a member of the editorial board of the US veterinary journal Approaches in Poultry, Dairy & Veterinary Sciences. Personal life
Korec is married to Jana, and they have one son.Publications

KOREC, E., & HLOŽÁNEK, I. Susceptibility of the Minor line of inbred hens to the Rous sarcoma virus infection. Veterinarni Medicina UVTIZ. 1982. KOREC, E., & HLOŽÁNEK, I. Analysis of the susceptibility of the Minor inbred chicken strain to Rous sarcoma virus infection. Veterinarni medicina, 27(3), 175–183. 1982.KOREC, E., HLOŽÁNEK, I., & BENDA, V. A rapid detection of avian oncovirus group-specific antigens in feather pulp by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Folia biologica, 30(1), 15–23. 1984. KOREC, E., HLOŽÁNEK, I.,


texts: KORCOVÁ, H., & SIMU̇NEK, J. Amino acid sequence homology between protein products of oncogenes and hormones (v-myc—gastrin and oxytocin, v-sis—secretin). European Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology, 21(11), 1395. 1985. MACH, O., GRÓFOVÁ, M., KOREC, E., KRCHŇÁK, V., BENDA, V., ČERNÁ, H., & BLAHOVÁ, Š. Antibodies against a synthetic decapeptide, precipitate protein kinase activity.European Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology, 21(11), 1399. 1985. PLACHÝ, J., KOREC, E., HLOŽÁNEK, I., & ZDĔNKOVÁ, E. Genetic linkage of endogenous viral loci with the B (MHC) and C histocompatibility loci in chickens. Folia biologica, 31(5), 353–356. 1985. PLACHÝ, J., KOREC, E., HLOŽÁNEK, I., & ZDĔNKOVÁ, E. Effect of the expression of an endogenous viral gene on the growth of tumours induced by Rous sarcoma virus in chickens. Folia biologica, 31(3), 235–240.1985. GUDKOV, A. V., KOREC, E., CHERNOV, M. V., TIKHONENKO, A. T., OBUKH, I. B., & HLOŽÁNEK, I. Genetic structure of the endogenous proviruses and expression of the gag gene in Brown Leghorn chickens. Folia biologica, 32(1), 65–72. 1986. HLOŽÁNEK, I., DOSTÁLOVÁ, V., KOREC, E., ZELENÝ, V., KÖNIG, J., & NĔMECEK, V. Monoclonal antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen: production and


texts: characterization.Folia biologica, 32(3), 167–177. 1986. KOREC, E., HLOŽÁNEK, I., MACH, O., STARÁ, J., NĔMECEK, V., & KÖNIG, J. Detection of antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using monoclonal antibody and the avidin-biotin system. Folia biologica, 32(6), 377–383. 1986. KOREC, E., HLOŽÁNEK, I., STARÁ, J., & NĔMECEK, V. Anti-idiotype antibody as a prospective vaccine against hepatitis B. Folia biologica, 33(2), 98–103.1987.HLOŽÁNEK, I., KOREC, E., DOSTÁLOVÁ, V., STARÁ, J., KÖNIG, J., BICHKO, V. SEICHERTOVÁ A. & GREN, E. J. Monoclonal antibodies against genetically manipulated hepatitis B core antigen. Folia biologica, 33(5), 295–300. 1987. KOREC, E., & HLOŽÁNEK, I. Detection of avian leukosis virus group-specific antigens in feather pulp of chickens by Elisa.Folia Veterinaria (Czechoslovakia). 1987. KOREC, E., HLOŽÁNEK, I., DOSTÁLOVÁ, V., STARÁ, J., ZELENÝ, V., & KÖNIG, J. Detection of hepatitis B surface antigens using monoclonal antibodies. Ceskoslovenska epidemiologie, mikrobiologie, imunologie, 37(1), 10. 1988. KOREC, E., KORCOVÁ, J., KÖNIG, J., & HLOŽÁNEK, I.Detection of antibodies against hepatitis B core antigen using the avidin-biotin system. Journal of virological methods, 24(3), 321–325. 1989. KOREC, E.,


texts: KORCOVÁ, J., & HLOŽÁNEK, I. A suppressive mechanism counteracts the production of anti-idiotype antibody. Folia biologica, 35(5), 347–350. 1989.KOREC, E., KORCOVÁ, J., PALKOVÁ, Z., VONDREJS, V., KORINEK, V., REINIŠ, M., BICHKO V.V. & HLOŽÁNEK, I. Expression of hepatitis B virus large envelope protein in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Folia biologica, 35(5), 315–327. 1989. KOREC, E., DOSTÁLOVÁ, V., KORCOVÁ, J., MANČAL, P., KÖNIG, J., BORISOVÁ, G. & HLOŽÁNEK, I. Monoclonal antibodies against hepatitis B e antigen: production, characterization, and use for diagnosis.Journal of virological methods, 28(2), 165–169. 1990. KOREC, E., & GERLICH, W. H. Expression of large hepatitis B envelope protein mutants using a new expression vector. Archives of virology, 122(3-4), 367–371. 1992. KOREC, E., & GERLICH, W. H. HBc and HBe specificity of monoclonal antibodies against complete and truncated HBc proteins from E. coli. In Chronically Evolving Viral Hepatitis (pp.119–121). Springer, Vienna. 1992. POSSEHL, C., REPP, R., HEERMANN, K. H., KOREC, E., UY, A., & GERLICH, W. H. Absence of free core antigen in anti-HBc negative viremic hepatitis B carriers. In Chronically Evolving Viral Hepatitis (pp. 39–41). Springer, Vienna.1992.


texts:
 REINIŠ, M., DAMKOVÁ, M., & KOREC, E. Receptor-mediated transport of oligodeoxynucleotides into hepatic cells. Journal of virological methods, 42(1), 99–105. 1993. REINIŠ, M., REINIŠOVÁ, M., KOREC, E., & HLOŽÁNEK, I. Inhibition of hepatitis B virus surface gene expression by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides in a human hepatoma cell line. Folia biologica, 39(5), 262–269. 1993.REINIŠ, M., DAMKOVÁ, M., & KOREC, E. Receptor-mediated transport of oligodeoxynucleotides into hepatic cells. Journal of virological methods, 42(1), 99–105. 1993. KOREC, E. & JANKOVSKÝ, M. Co je v domě, není pro mě!, aneb, Jak investovat do nemovitostí bez rizika a bez starostí. Praha: Ekospol, 2014. 169 s. .
KOREC, E. & KOVANDA, L. Koupě bytu pod lupou, aneb, Jak úspěšně vybrat, financovat a koupit byt. Praha: Ekospol, 2014.99 s. .
 KOREC, E. Pozemky ukrývají poklady. Praha: Ekospol, 2015. 88 s. .
 KOREC, E. & SUŠANKA, F. Jak jsem zachránil ZOO v Táboře. Praha: Ekospol, 2016. 111 s. .
KOREC, E., CHALUPA, O., HANČL, M., KORCOVÁ, J. BYDŽOVSKÁ, M. Longevity of Cane Corso Italiano dog breed and its relationship with hair colour. Open Veterinary Journal 7(2), 170–173, 2017. KOREC, E. Longevity of Purebred Dog Breeds.Approaches in Poultry, Dairy & Veterinary


texts:
 Sciences, 1(2), 2017. KOREC, E. The Lifespan of Humans and Animals Can Be Significantly Extended. Journal of Scientific and Technical Research. 1(5). 2017. KOREC, E., CHALUPA, O., HANČL, M., KORCOVÁ, J. & BYDŽOVSKÁ, M. Segregation Analysis of Canine Hip Dysplasia in Cane Corso Italiano Dogs.Approaches in Poultry, Dairy & Veterinary Sciences 2(3), 2018. KOREC, E., HANČL, M., KOTT, O., ŠKORPÍKOVÁ, L., SRBOVÁ, A., CHALUPA, O., GRIEBLOVÁ, A., ŠPLÍCHALOVÁ, P. & KORCOVÁ, J. Genus Bison Has the Biggest Sex-Related Difference in Longevity among Mammals. Approaches in Poultry, Dairy & Veterinary Sciences, 5(4), 2019. KOREC, E. Jak prodloužit život vašeho psa. Praha: Ekospol, 2019. .
 KOREC, E. & SUŠANKA, F. Noční život v ZOO Tábor aneb Jak surikata Máňa poznává své kamarády. Praha: Ekospol, 2019. .
KOREC, E., HANČL, M., BYDŽOVSKÁ, M., CHALUPA, O., & KORCOVÁ J. Inheritance of coat colour in the cane Corso Italiano dog. BMC genetics, 20(1), 24, 2019.KOREC, E. Dog breeding – A handbook for a responsible breeder. London: Europe Books, 2021. 132 s. ISBN 979-12-201-1540-7. References

External links
 Blog <mask> Korce, blog.iDNES.cz Evzen <mask>'s blog
 The Y generation will decide it all, says Evzen <mask>, lidovky.cz, 18.5.2012

1956

masks: Evžena Korec Korec