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 side Dalian Aerbin FC, being reportedly paid €14 million per year.Valencia

On 30 January 2014, <mask> returned to Spain after signing with Valencia CF, with the 34-year-old agreeing to a six-month contract with the option for an additional year. He made his debut for the Che on 16 February, replacing Paco Alcácer for the last 20 minutes of a 0–0 away draw against former club Sevilla. On 13 March, midway through the first half of an away fixture against PFC Ludogorets Razgrad for the UEFA Europa League, he was sent off for a challenge on Roman Bezjak that resulted in a penalty kick, but his team eventually won it 3–0 and 4–0 on aggregate. <mask> scored Valencia's fastest-ever goal on 27 March 2014, netting after nine seconds at UD Almería. He also had to leave before the end of the first half with an injury, as the hosts came from behind for a 2–2 draw. Roma
On 5 June 2014, <mask> signed a one-year contract with Serie A club A.S. Roma. He made his competitive debut in the opening day of the season, against ACF Fiorentina (2–0 win), and scored his first goal on 9 November to help defeat Torino F.C.3–0 also at the Stadio Olimpico. <mask> agreed to a new one-year deal in the 2015 off-season. El Jaish
<mask> retired at the age of 37, after one season in the Qatar Stars League with El Jaish SC. International career

<mask> helped Mali's under-20s finish third at the 1999 FIFA World Youth Championship in Nigeria, scoring the only goal in the last match against Uruguay, and being named the tournament's best player. He made his senior debut for Mali on 9 April 2000, in a 2002 FIFA World Cup qualifier against Libya. He wore the no.12 shirt as he represented the country in six Africa Cup of Nations tournaments: in the 2010 edition in Angola he scored twice, both goals coming in the 4–4 group stage

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 draw against the hosts, who were leading 4–0 with 11 minutes to go; Les Aigles, however, could not make it past the group stage. From 2007 to 2008, he scored an impressive 8 goals in 20 international matches from his midfield position.<mask> also participated in the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations in South Africa, scoring in the 1–1 quarterfinal draw against the hosts as Mali eventually won the shootout. Personal life
<mask>'s uncle, Salif Keïta, was also a footballer. He played, amongst others, for Saint-Étienne, Marseille, Valencia and Sporting CP, and was once voted African Footballer of the Year. <mask> married Zubaida Johnson, of Cape Verdean descent. On 12 May 2008, he became the father of a son, Mohammed, who was born in Seville. Career statistics

Club
Sources:

International
Source:

Scores and results list Mali's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Mali goal. players
A.S. Roma players
El Jaish SC players
Ligue 1 players
Ligue 2 players
La Liga players
Chinese Super League players
Serie A players
Qatar Stars League players
UEFA Champions League winning players
Mali under-20 international footballers
Mali international footballers
2002 African Cup of Nations players
2004 African Cup of Nations players
2008 Africa Cup of Nations players
2010 Africa Cup of Nations players
2012 Africa Cup of Nations players
2013 Africa Cup of Nations players
2015 Africa Cup of Nations players
FIFA Century Club
Malian expatriate footballers
Malian expatriate sportspeople in France
Malian expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Malian expatriate sportspeople in China
Malian expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Malian expatriate sportspeople in Qatar
Expatriate footballers in France
Expatriate footballers in Spain
Expatriate footballers in China
Expatriate footballers in Italy
Expatriate footballers

masks: Keita Keita Keita


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<mask> (9 April 1886 – 28 April 1946) was a British scholar, novelist, historian and translator. He is remembered for his translations from Bengali into English and his association with Rabindranath Tagore, on whom he wrote two books including a critical biography. Early life
<mask> was born in Hazel Grove in Stockport, England, the eldest of six children of the Wesleyan missionary couple <mask> and <mask> who had served in South India. His father died before he was 10 and his mother brought up the children under financially strained circumstances. <mask> was educated at the Kingswood School and later worked at a bank in Bethnal Green to support his mother and siblings. He joined Richmond Theological College, was ordained a Methodist minister and gained a degree from the University of London. In 1907 he published his first collection of verse, The Knight Mystic.In India
He was sent to India in 1910 to teach English literature at the Wesleyan College in Bankura, Bengal and he went on to serve there as Vice Principal of the college and Principal of the mission's school located on campus. During the First World War he served with the 2nd Battalion, Leicestershire Regiment as an army chaplain in Mesopotamia from 1916 to 1918, and his services to the wounded earned him a Military Cross. His experiences during the war found expression in his memoir, The Leicestershires beyond Baghdad and The Mesopotamian Verses, both of which were published in 1919. The latter work earned him repute as a poet. In Bengal, he began learning the language and came to know Rabindranath Tagore. <mask> was with Tagore at Santiniketan when news of his being awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature broke. <mask> translated many of Tagore's writings, including Megh o Raudra, and wrote two books: Rabindranath Tagore: His Life & Work in 1921 and Rabindranath Tagore, Poet and Dramatist in 1926, a critical biography of Tagore's that led to bitter recrimination with him.Although <mask> argued that Tagore was

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Edward John Thompson
Thompson
John Moses Thompson
Elizabeth Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
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 underappreciated and misunderstood in the West, some of his criticisms of Tagore in the latter work led to much tension and misunderstanding between them. <mask> was a keen observer of Indian politics and was sympathetic to the aspirations of the Indian nationalists. In his own words, he was "a liberal conservative with a touch of socialism" and he often took views opposed to the official British line in India. He was an advocate of dominion status for India and called for greater educational facilities for Indians to counter the Indian opposition to colonial rule, agreeing with Percy Comyn Lyon, the education secretary of Bengal and a personal friend. In the wake of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, he signed a letter of protest with 25 other missionaries condemning the atrocity. <mask> also cultivated friendships with leaders from across the Indian political leadership, including Gandhi, Nehru and Iqbal. He was especially close to Nehru and the two remained in contact till <mask>'s death.He was a proponent of Indian unity, opposed to the two nation theory and the idea of Pakistan. His close friendships and the fact that he himself remained apolitical made him what Natwar Singh terms "a well meaning but not very successful Anglo-India goodwill ambassador [who] was listened to but did not have enough clout to influence policy in London or in New Delhi". In 1939, he visited India, funded by the Rhodes Foundation, to gauge the reaction of the Indian National Congress to the Viceroy's unilateral decision to declare India a party to the Second World War and went with Nehru to the Congress Working Committee meeting in Wardha in 1939. In England
<mask> returned to Oxford in 1923, where he joined the Indian Institute, teaching Bengali to ICS probationers. It was in England that he published Rabindranath Tagore: Poet and Dramatist that so displeased Tagore, but earned him a PhD from the University of London. He continued translating from Bengali to English and was involved with the India

masks: Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson


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 Society. He was a Leverhulme Research Fellow from 1934 to 1936 and a Research Fellow in Indian history at Oriel College from 1936 to 1940.He made three trips to India in the 1930s funded by the Rhodes Foundation to look at 'intellectual co-operation' between writers, to research his biography of Lord Metcalfe and for the purpose of gauging the Congress's reaction to the Viceroy's unilateral declaration of war. <mask> was an advocate of Oxford–India ties and argued, unsuccessfully, for grants to Indian writers from the Rhodes Foundation and for inviting Nehru as Rhodes Visiting Lecturer to Oxford in 1940. He was also a freelance journalist and twice visited India as a correspondent for The Guardian, where he covered the Round Table Conferences of 1930 to 1932. Books
<mask> was a prolific author who wrote several works of verse and prose, fiction and non-fiction. His early vocation was to be a poet and his first collection of verse, The Knight Mystic, came out in 1907. His other works of poetry include The Mesopotamian Verses (1919), Collected Poems (1930), New Recessional (1942) and 100 Poems (1944). His verse remained stylistically traditional but matured in its intensity and precision over the years.<mask> also wrote several novels, including Introducing the Arnisons (1935), <mask>ison (1939) and five novels on India. The first of these was An Indian Day (1927) which was touted as "a counterblast" to E. M. Forster's A Passage to India published three years earlier. His other Indian novels are Night falls on Siva's hill (1929), A Farewell to India (1931), So a Poor Ghost (1933) and An End of the Hours (1938). Both A Farewell to India and An End of the Hours are featuring some of the characters of An Indian Day. Another novel Burmese Silver (1938) is set in Burma. A Letter from India (1932) is a political treatise. The scholar Harish Trivedi has noted that "[<mask>] deserves to be revived as the fourth of the top quartet of Raj novelists, next in interest only to Kipling, Forster and

masks:
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
John Arn
Thompson


texts:
 Paul Scott".These Men, Thy Friends (1927) is a fictionalized novel of events in Mesopotamia in 1916-1918, which is presumably based on his own experiences. The Other Side of the Medal (1925), which examines the Revolt of 1857 from an Indian perspective, The Reconstruction of India (1930), The Rise and Fulfilment of British Rule in India (1934), Ethical Ideals in India Today (1942) and The Making of the Indian Princes (1943) are among the books that he wrote on India's history and culture. The Making of the Indian Princes was read by Nehru in the Ahmednagar jail and reviewed favourably by E. M. Forster. Suttee (1928), on the outlawed practice of Sati, The Life of Charles, Lord Metcalfe (1937), his biography of the English administrator Charles Metcalfe and the plays Atonement: A play of modern India (1924) and Elizabeth and Essex (1943) are his other notable works. Family
<mask> married Theodosia Jessup, the American missionary William Jessup's daughter, in 1919 in Jerusalem, having met her while posted there the previous year. The couple had two sons, Frank, the elder, who died in Bulgaria during the Second World War, and the second, <mask> <mask>, the noted historian. Death
<mask> died in Bledlow, Buckinghamshire of stomach cancer on 28 April 1946.He was 60. He is buried at the Bledlow church. India's Prisoner is a biography of his life by Mary Lago. References

External links

 "Ethical Ideals in India Today", Conway Memorial Lecture delivered at Conway Hall by <mask> <mask> on 22 March 1942
  India's Prisoner: A Biography of <mask> <mask>, 1886–1946 by Mary Lago
 Memories of Tagore – E.P<mask> introduces his father E.J<mask>’s account of a stay with the Bengali poet

1886 births
1946 deaths
20th-century English male writers
20th-century English historians
20th-century English novelists
Academics of the University of Oxford
English male non-fiction writers
English male novelists
People associated with Conway Hall Ethical Society
People educated at Kingswood School,

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Edward Palmer
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Thompson
Edward John
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Edward John
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. Thompson
. Thompson


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<mask> (born  Wilma Winifred Wyatt; November 4, 1909 – November 1, 1952) was an American actress, dancer, and singer. She was the first wife of singer Bing Crosby. Biography
She was born Wilma Winifred Wyatt in Harriman, Tennessee, on November 4, 1909, to Evan Wyatt and the former Nora Scarborough. (When she entered show business, she gave her birth date as November 4, 1911.) After moving to Chicago, she graduated from Senn High School. While in Chicago she adopted the professional name "<mask>" to enter an amateur singing contest in May 1928. She won the contest and the prize was a job as a singer at a roadhouse called College Inn.While working there, she was spotted by a talent scout and given a part in the traveling company of Good News. A film contract was subsequently offered and Winfield Sheehan of the Fox film studio changed her name to <mask>, to avoid confusion with actresses Nancy Carroll and Sue Carol. Marriage

She met Bing Crosby at the age of 20 and they married on September 29, 1930, at the Church of the Blessed Sacrament in Hollywood. <mask> was better known than Crosby at that time, as illustrated by the incorrect news release issued by the Associated Press, which reported she married "Murray Crosey". There were early problems with the marriage, and on March 4, 1931, <mask> announced that they had separated and that she would soon be filing a divorce suit charging mental cruelty. She went on to say, "We have only been married about six months, but we have already found out that we are not suited for each other. Our separation is an

masks:
Dixie Lee
Dixie Carroll
Dixie Lee
Dixie Lee
Dixie


texts: amiable one, and the only reason for it is that we just cannot get along.'Bing' is a fine boy as a friend, but married he and I just cannot be happy." Within a week, a reconciliation came about. <mask> had gone with a party of friends to Agua Caliente for the weekend. To one of the girls in the crowd, she confided she was not half as angry with Crosby as she was at the parting a week ago. The girl got Crosby on the long-distance telephone and presently he and <mask> were talking to each other. An hour and a half later, Crosby appeared at Agua Caliente, having flown down in an airplane, and all was well again. They had four sons: Gary (1933); twins Phillip and Dennis (1934); and Lindsay (1938).Lindsay and Dennis died by suicide as adults, Lindsay in 1989 and Dennis in 1991. After the birth of the twins, she made a brief return to show business. <mask> made two appearances on the Shell Chateau radio program in 1935, and she made three more films. Her most notable film is probably Love in Bloom (1935). Her last film was Redheads on Parade, but the reviews were mediocre. She made a couple of records on March 11, 1935, "You've Got Me Doing Things," a song she introduced in the film Love in Bloom. This was her first record, and she backed it with "My Heart Is an Open Book."She was encouraged back in to the recording studio again on July 27, 1936, and she recorded "Until the Real Thing Comes Along" and "When a Lady Meets a Gentleman Down South" for Decca Records. Her final recordings were two duets with her husband recorded on August 19, 1936 - A Fine Romance

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Dixie
Dixie
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 and The Way You Look Tonight. She then retired from show business. Personal life

Crosby's biographer, Gary Giddins, describes <mask> as a shy, private person with a sensible approach to life. Giddins recounts that <mask> and Bing, as young marrieds, were often invited to parties where liquor was plentiful, and <mask> drank socially to keep up with Bing. She succeeded in curbing Bing's alcohol consumption, but her own alcoholism worsened. This led to problems with the marriage and divorce was briefly contemplated by Crosby in January 1941.In January 1945, <mask> was rushed to St. Vincent's Hospital after collapsing with a "respiratory infection." Crosby accompanied his wife to the hospital in an ambulance and remained at her bedside during the night. A later article in Picturegoer magazine suggested that she had taken an accidental overdose of sleeping tablets and that her life was in the balance for over a week. Bing Crosby went to Europe in 1950 for an extended visit and there were headlines stating that the Crosby marriage was strained, but this was subsequently denied. Crosby persuaded her to take part in his radio show broadcast on December 20, 1950, her first appearance with him on radio. It was her first professional appearance since 1936. In January 1951, Press reports indicated that Crosby had recently moved back into his Holmby Hills home with <mask>.He had been spending much of his time at his home at Pebble Beach. <mask> died from ovarian cancer on November 1, 1952, three days before her 43rd birthday. She was interred in the Crosby plot at

masks:
Dixie Lee
Dixie
Dixie
Dixie Lee
Dixie Lee
Dixie Lee


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 Holy Cross Cemetery in Culver City, California, after a Requiem High Mass at the Church of the Good Shepherd in Beverly Hills on November 3. Filmography
1929: Knights Out (Short)
1929: Fox Movietone Follies of 1929 as Lead Dancer In Fashion Number
1929: Why Leave Home? as Billie
1929: Happy Days as Lead Dancer in 'Crazy Feet' number
1930: Harmony at Home as Rita Joyce
1930: Let's Go Places as Dixie
1930: The Big Party as Kitty Collins
1930: Cheer Up and Smile as Margie
1931: No Limit as Dotty 'Dodo' Potter
1931: Mr. Lemon of Orange as Hat Check Girl (uncredited)
1931: Quick Millions as Stone's Secretary (uncredited)
1931: Young Sinners as Girl (uncredited)
1931: Night Life in Reno as Dorothy Pierce
1931: Darn Tootin (Short) as Singer
1934: Manhattan Love Song as Geraldine Stewart
1935: Love in Bloom as Violet Downey
1935: Redheads on Parade as Ginger Blair (final film role)

In popular culture
The 1947 film Smash-Up, the Story of a Woman is loosely based on <mask>'s life. Legacy

On November 8, 2019, the Tennessee Historical Commission and the City of Harriman, Tennessee, unveiled a Tennessee State Historical Marker (1F 46) near <mask>'s birthplace in the Walnut Hill section of downtown Harriman.References

External links

20th-century American actresses
Actresses from Tennessee
American female dancers
Dancers from Tennessee
Deaths from cancer in California
Burials at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City
Deaths from ovarian cancer
People from Harriman, Tennessee
1909 births
1952 deaths
20th-century American singers
Bing Crosby
20th-century American women

masks:
Dixie Lee
Dixie


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<mask> (; born Emil Nussbacher 19181978) was a Palmach parachutist who was dropped by Britain into Yugoslavia during the Second World War to assist in the rescue of Hungarian Jews from the Holocaust. Early life
<mask> was born in Cluj, Austria-Hungary (now in Romania) in 1918. In 1939, he made aliyah and joined Kibbutz Afikim in Mandatory Palestine. Operation background
The Yishuv in Mandatory Palestine had attempted one operation earlier in Romania to provide succour to Jews threatened by the Nazi Holocaust by thwarting their deportation to concentration camps, but it had been compromised, and the two agents dispatched, Arye Fichman of Kibbutz Beit Oren and Liova Gukowsky (Ahisar) Kibbutz Yagur, were captured because the foreign contacts used were often triple or quadruple agents who were German officers who would pass on the details of these kinds of operation. The failure rate of Allied operations to penetrate into that country was high, and it was decided to focus efforts on gaining a toehold in Yugoslavia instead. Preparations
<mask> had joined the Palmach, the strike force of Haganah and underground army of the Jewish community in Palestine, in 1942. In the following year, he volunteered, together with , to partake in another Yishuv operation into German-occupied Europe.Both <mask> and Goldstein were members of the Ma'agan community, a group of Hungarians formed around the area of the Sea of Galilee, and Goldstein, like <mask>, had also been born in Cluj. The group were required to enlist in the British army and underwent training in Ramat David and Cairo, and, after completing their course, were issued with weapons, silk maps

masks:
Yoel Palgi
Palgi
Palgi
Palgi
Palgi


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 and cyanide pills. Two further measures were taken: they were promoted to officer rank in order to endow them with a certain status if captured, and, secondly, they underwrote insurance policies which, if they were killed, would ensure that their kibbutzim would be compensated for their sacrifice. There was also a personal dimension for many of those who volunteered. <mask>'s family was still behind enemy lines in Cluj. Such anxieties were soon to be exacerbated by news that in March Germany had invaded Hungary. The mission launched
The volunteers were split into two groups, with one, consisting of Hannah Szenes, Abba Berdiczew, Reuven Dafni and a Ma'agan member, , parachuting into the north of Yugoslavia on 14 March.<mask>'s group were flown to Bari where they met up with Enzo Sereni. They were scheduled to make their drop on the first night of Passover, 7 April 1944, which meant preparing for a seder even as they were flying over enemy territory, but adverse weather conditions delayed their departure, and they eventually parachuted into Croatia a week later, on 13 April, dropping into an area generally under the control of Tito's communist partisans. They met up with, and attached themselves to, the partisan army's 6th Corps in the Papuk Mountains. The German occupation of Hungary forced changes in their plan, rendering the task of infiltration and carrying out their work even more hazardous. In the meantime the two groups were united on 6 May. They spent some time with the partisans, engaging in guerilla warfare, sabotage activities and the securing of escape lines for Allied airmen, while worrying that they were unable to

masks: Palgi Palgi


texts:
 implement the real purpose of their mission, helping Jews escape the harrying plight they were being subjected to in Hungary. Hannah Szenes was particularly disturbed by news leaking out from Hungary, and, together with Reuven Dafni, snuck over the border in late May, having prearranged with Palgi to meet up either before the Dohány Street Synagogue or, failing that, the city's main cathedral.Eventually <mask> and Goldstein managed to cross over into Hungary via the Drava River with the assistance of smugglers, on 19 June, some ten days after Szenes' capture and unaware of her fate. Inside Hungary
Almost from the onset of their venturing inside Hungary, <mask> and Goldstein fell under close surveillance by Hungarian counterintelligence, which had a plant within the community. On reaching Budapest they met with leaders of the Aid and Rescue Committee in Budapest, such as Rudolf Kasztner, who at the time was negotiating with Adolf Eichmann to endeavor to save Jews by forging a deal to exchange them for trucks. According to one account, Kasztner, aware of Szenes's arrest, and that the Gestapo were looking for the other two, was horrified by <mask>'s arrival at this delicate juncture. He had known <mask> from childhood since they had both grown up in Cluj, and advised him the best way to obtain immunity was to turn himself into the Gestapo and inform them he was acting on behalf of the Jewish Agency, and had come to negotiate with them to that end. Before he could do so, however, he was arrested, on 27 June, by the Hungarian authorities, and detained in a cell not far from where Hannah Szenes languished in prison. His companion in arms,

masks: Palgi Palgi Palgi Palgi


texts: Goldstein, remained at large for a while, though Kasztner after leading him to his parents who had been selected for the Kastner train, also persuaded him to turn himself in.<mask> was tortured to the point that he tried to commit suicide: his interrogators revived him, so that they could continue their torture to extract information he refused to divulge. He devised a means of communication with Hannah Szenes, who was locked in a cell opposite his own, by using a broken mirror to flash morse code, and thus managed to retain details of her experiences, though some details in his account, it has been suggested, may have been imaginary. He later bribed a Hungarian guard to allow him to speak with her directly. Some hope of a respite occurred on 11 September, as Admiral Horthy was engaged in negotiating a ceasefire with the Soviets. That day, <mask>, Szenes and Goldstein, who had also been captured in the meantime, were taken from their Gestapo handlers and relocated to a Hungarian prison. On 15 October, after Horthy broadcast over national radio news of the armistice, a joint operation by Nazi Germany together with the Arrow Cross Party staged a coup d'etat, and soon after they were arraigned before a Hungarian military court, which ordered that they be sent to the Kistarcsa internment camp. En route, <mask> leapt from the train that was transporting them, and managed to make his way back to Budapest where he joined members of the pioneering Zionist underground.After the Soviet liberation of Budapest, <mask> went to Cluj to see if he could find his parents and relatives, but it was too late. He did manage to arrange for Hannah Szenes'


texts:
 mother to be secreted out and settled in Palestine. Post-war
<mask> returned home in 1945. Together with the other survivor, Haim Hermesh, he was burdened by a gnawing sense of pain and guilt for having the luck to survive while his comrades had fallen. The following year, he published a memoir of the events, entitled Ruach Gedolah ba'ah (The Great Wind Came). In this memoir, which, in recording the circumstances in which so many died he considered part of his war duty, he expresses his shock by an impression he received on returning to his community, writing, "Everywhere I turned, the question was fired at me: Why did the Jews not rebel? Why did they go like lambs to the slaughter?Suddenly I realized that we were ashamed of those who were tortured, shot burned. There is a kind of general agreement that the Holocaust dead were worthless people. unconsciously, we have accepted the Nazi view that the Jews were subhuman." Later life
In February 1948, on the eve of the Arab-Israeli War, <mask>, accompanied by Boris Senior, was dispatched by the Haganah on a mission to South Africa to buy aircraft for the fledgling Yishuv fleet Sherut Ha'avir, forerunner of what was to become, within months, the Israeli Air Force. The mission also involved hiring maintenance crews to service them. A deal to import 50 P-40 Kittyhawks had to be scrapped because obstacles to getting them back into Palestine were insurmountable but Palgi did succeed in acquiring two DH-89 Rapides, one Anson, three Fairchild Arguses, two Beechcraft Bonanzas and five Dakotas, and managed to ferry the fleet back into Palestine just before both the independent state of Israel was


texts: declared and war broke out. In 1954, an event on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the parachutists' wartime activities was organized at Ma'agan.Tragically, 20 people associated with the organization of the operation, including 4 parachutists who had survived these ordeals, died when their plane crashed en route to the kibbutz. <mask> was called as a witness in 1954-1955 when Kasztner was arraigned on charges of collaborating with the Nazis. He was cross-examined by Shmuel Tamir, and his hero's image was tarnished as he struggled, stuttering, to explain the apparent contradictions between his post-war book on the events, and his recollections in the testimony he deposed. When asked which version was correct -'What is the truth? ', he replied, 'I wrote a novel, not a history,' and thereby effectively undermined the credibility and reliability of his account of what actually had taken place. Later, he charged that he had censured himself for fear of the British in 1946. The book underwent revisions for a second edition issued 2 decades later, a year before his death.In this reworking, he corrected those parts he said he had censored for the version written while the British were still the authorities in Mandatory Palestine. The variations have left historians uncertain of what precisely happened regarding a number of key events in his narrative. <mask> was a co-founder of El Al and its deputy director from 1949 until 1960. As director of operations of the national airline, he was also on board the Bristol Britannia turboprop plane which made the first El Al non-stop flight between the United States and Israel in December 1957.


texts:
 Subsequently, he was Israel's director of civil aviation until 1964, when he was appointed ambassador to Tanzania. On the termination of his posting in 1966, <mask> joined the board of the Histadrut Sick Fund, where he was active until 1978. Notes

Citations

Sources

1918 births
1978 deaths
Hungarian emigrants to Mandatory Palestine
Hungarian Jews
Jewish parachutists of Mandate Palestine
Military personnel from


texts:
<mask> (born November 5, 1958) is an American computer programmer and consultant, webmaster and author. He is known for his Nitpicker's Guides, in which he nitpicks plot holes and continuity errors in the various Star Trek television programs and movies, and for the creation of Nitcentral, a website devoted to the same activity. Subsequent to his Nitpicker's Guides, he has ventured into fiction as a novelist. Early life
<mask> was born in Broken Arrow, Oklahoma, and grew up in the Philippines, where his parents were missionaries for Assemblies of God. He first became interested in the original Star Trek as a child. After returning to the United States, <mask> earned bachelor's degrees in piano performance and music composition. Career

Music
Farrand worked as a music editor, but became frustrated with working with music printed on paper, and worked for two years on a notation package for the Apple II series of computers, which later became Polywriter.Later, working with Coda Music Technology, <mask> created an award-winning, high-end desktop publishing software package for music notation called Finale. Now owned by MakeMusic, Finale won Best Book/Video/Software at the 2015 Music & Sound Awards and has been used to score films such as Million Dollar Baby, The Aviator, Spider-Man 2, Sideways, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, The Passion of the Christ, Ratatouille, and Michael Clayton. As a nitpicker
<mask> first became a Star Trek nitpicker when watching a scene in the 1990 Star Trek: The Next Generation episode The Offspring. In the scene, the character Wesley Crusher speaks to his mother, Dr. Beverly Crusher using his communicator badge. After responding to Dr. Crusher's reminder to get a haircut, Wesley utters a sarcastic remark, but without tapping his comm badge to terminate the connection, leading <mask> to wonder if Dr. Crusher heard the remark. This sparked a spirited discussion between <mask> and his Trekker friend as to how the communicators worked, and the inconsistencies in their depicted usage in the series. In 1990, <mask> decided to try writing

masks:
Phil Farrand
Farrand
Farrand
Farrand
Farrand
Farrand
Farrand
Farrand


texts: fiction, but could not find anyone to read his work.Because the only agent willing to represent him dealt only with nonfiction works, <mask> decided to attempt writing nonfiction in order to develop a reputation on which a career writing fiction could be based. A book producer liked <mask>'s idea for a Next Generation nitpicker's guide, and so <mask> spent two years conducting careful analysis of the first six seasons of that series, spending eight to nine hours a day for months watching each episode multiple times, composing a tongue-in-cheek analysis of the plot holes, continuity errors and other trivia in the series. In 1993 Dell Publishing published the first guide, The Nitpicker's Guide for Next Generation Trekkers. By 1994 nearly 800,000 copies had been sold, and four printings published. From 1994 to 1997, similar guides followed annually, including Guides for Star Trek: The Original Series, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine and The X-Files, along with a second Next Generation volume. Watching the episodes and movies of each series in order to compile each Guide took about seven months, leaving <mask> five months out of the year to learn how to write fiction. Although exhaustive in their attention to detail, the Guides were not intended as critiques of the series' episodes or movies, but lighthearted musings that <mask> explained with the philosophy, "All nitpickers shall perform their duties with lightheartedness and good cheer," explaining that nitpicking should be about having fun with one's favorite television shows, not pointing fingers and assigning blame.<mask> solicited submissions from readers, who then became members of the "Nitpicker's Guild." He began sending out newsletters in 1994 in order to keep in touch with the Guild, beginning with the April 1994 edition. The Guild numbered 7,450 members from 32 countries as of May 28, 1999. <mask> decided to create an online version of the newsletter called Nitpicker Central, or Nitcentral; this took the form of an HTML feature called "This Week at Nitcentral", and debuted in November 1997. The hardcopy version of the

masks: Farrand Farrand Farrand Farrand Farrand Farrand Farrand


texts:
 newsletter also continued, with a total of 17 issues published intermittently, ceasing with issue dated October 1998, which coincided with the creation of Nitcentral's message boards, using free Discus software. <mask> was Nitcentral's first and sole moderator at first, with the site covering only four topics, the live action Star Trek television programs that had been produced up to then: Star Trek: The Original Series, Star Trek: The Next Generation, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, and Star Trek: Voyager. By June 2009, the topics listed on the main Topics page numbered 89.<mask> planned to release a Nitpicker's Guide for Star Wars in April 1999, one month before Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace, but publishers became wary of publishing media tie-in products as a result copyright infringement lawsuits brought against similar products. Although the lawsuits did not name <mask>'s Guides as an example — and in fact, even cited the Guides used as an example of what was legal — Del Rey ceased publishing <mask>'s Guides, leaving Nitcentral as the sole ongoing outlet for the Guild. As the site expanded, <mask> assigned dozens of moderators to oversee the site's various topics. Although <mask> has since stepped down as a moderator of day-to-day activities, he remains the ultimate authority on the site and will step in occasionally to resolve matters of severe conflict among visitors and moderators, who refer to him as "The Chief". Church work
Following the cancellation of the Guides, <mask> returned to the computer consulting industry, hoping to begin writing his first novel in his free time. Those plans changed when his wife Lynette, who had served as music minister at their church for 16 years, decided to take a two-year break. <mask>, a devout Christian who mentions Jesus Christ in the acknowledgments of all his books, agreed to serve as interim music minister; combined with his consultation job, this consumed all of his time, and he worked seven days a week.He eventually stepped down as music minister on September 28, 2003. As a novelist
<mask>'s initial attempts to

masks: Farrand Farrand Farrand Farrand Farrand Farrand Farrand Farrand Farrand


texts:
 publish through a small publisher in August 2003 were not fruitful, and he ultimately decided to self-publish through on-demand publisher Xlibris. His novel The Son, the Wind and the Reign was published in 2004. It depicts a world in which Jesus Christ and his followers have returned to Earth to rule with an iron rod for a thousand years. Twenty years into the new rule, a resistance fighter named Avery Foster decides to confront the new rulers, including Judge Thomas Stone, whose brutal interpretations of the new law have oppressed anyone daring to rebel. <mask> wrote the novel in part to explore the question of how one can distinguish between the divine and extraterrestrials, and added a topic to Nitcentral for discussion of the novel. In 2007, <mask> published Grumpy Old Prophets: A Christmas Fable for Adults.He also began a new Internet provider venture called Zarks, providing high-speed Internet access to the rural areas in and around Greene County, Missouri. Personal life
<mask> lives with his wife Lynette and his daughter Elizabeth in Springfield, Missouri. Books

Nitpicker's Guides
The Nitpicker's Guide for Next Generation Trekkers (1993)
The Nitpicker's Guide for Classic Trekkers (1994)
The Nitpicker's Guide for Next Generation Trekkers, Volume II (1995)
Nitpicker's Fun & Games for Next Generation Trekkers (1995)
The Nitpicker's Guide for Deep Space Nine Trekkers (1996)
The Nitpicker's Guide for X-Philes (1997)

On audio cassette
The Nitpicker's Guide for Next Generation Trekkers Part 3

Fiction
The Son, the Wind and the Reign
Grumpy Old Prophets: A Christmas Fable for Adults
Windfall: The 99 and 1: The Conviction Opus, Part One (2014)
Windfall: Broadcast: The Conviction Opus, Part Two (2015)
Windfall: The Strait Gate: The Conviction Opus, Part Three (2015)

Non-fiction
Still Whispers: Meditations To Help You Calm The Atmosphere Of Your Life And Find Abundance (2008)

References

External links
 Nitpicker Central

1958 births
American Christians
American Christian writers
American expatriates in the Philippines
Christian novelists
Living people
People in

masks: Farrand Farrand Farrand


texts:
<mask> (born 1958) is a Maya archaeologist whose research has focused on social transformation and political economy of ancient Mesoamerican cultures in Mexico and Belize. She is a professor of Mesoamerican archaeology at the University at Albany, SUNY. She is a co-director of the PEMY (Proyecto los Fundamentos Ecónomico de Mayapán/Economic Foundations of Mayapán Project ) project at the site of Mayapan in the Northern Yucutan Peninsula of Mexico. Education and academic career
According to her curriculum vitae <mask> earned her Bachelor of Arts in anthropology from Texas A&M University in 1982, her Master of Science in anthropology from Florida State University in 1987, and her Ph.D. in anthropology from the University of Texas at Austin in 1993. Her Ph.D dissertation is titled Changes in Maya Community Organization from the Classic to Postclassic Periods: A View from Laguna de On, Belize. Her Master's thesis focused on lithic production changes in Late Classic Maya workshops at the site of Colha in Belize. She has a wide array of archaeological interests including household archaeology, ancient urbanism, archaeological political economy, craft production, zooarchaeology, lithic and ceramic analysis, and the archaeology of religion.Most of her academic career has been spent teaching as an Assistant Professor (1996-2002), an Associate Professor (2002–2011) and as Professor (2011 to present) at the University of Albany SUNY. She has taught and teaches a variety of undergraduate and graduate level classes, including Aztec Inca

masks:
Marilyn Masson
Marilyn Masson


texts:
 Maya, Maya Art and Archaeology, Stone Tool Analysis, Zooarchaeology, Archaeological Lab Methods, The Archaeology of Urban Life, Current Theories on the Ancient Maya, and Ethnohistory and Archaeology. Prior to earning her Ph.D., she spent time working as an archaeologist in Florida and Texas. Mesoamerican research
<mask> has worked extensively throughout the southern Mexico/Maya region. She has directed the Belize Postclassic Project (1996-2002) and the Economic Foundations of Mayapan project (2001 to present). Earlier in her career, she participated in research at sites in Belize such as Colha, Kichpanha, K'axob, and also in Oaxaca. The newest phase of her research focuses on regional and temporal variation in the northern Plains of Yucatán in the environs of the city of Mayapan.This focus examines rural-urban relationships of the Classic to Postclassic period, specifically to determine degrees of wealth, trade dependency, and occupational diversification at rural houselots and commoner dwellings at minor centers. These provide an important complement to her team's prior work within the walled urban zone of Mayapan that exhibits considerable inter-household and inter-regional dependencies on exchange, as well as pronounced commoner wealth and occupational variation. Reconstructing ancient economies must consider urban-rural dependencies and patterns for a more robust view. In 2013 she co-directed the Mayapan LiDAR project with Tim Hare (Morehead State University, Carlos Peraza (INAH Yucatán) and Brad Russell (College of St.


texts:
 Rose). This work identified abundant, nearly continuous (low density) distributions of houses (of multiple time periods) across a 40 km2 zone beyond the city walls. Her work in 2015 with this team excavated eight houses (four Terminal Classic, four Postclassic) in the hinterland outside of the city walls. These efforts to document and compare rural economies to urban ones, and to adopt a regional, rather than site-level approach, will continue in forthcoming years.Mayapan
Current work at Mayapan is conducted within the scope of the Economic Foundations of Mayapán Project (PEMY), funded by the Foundation for the Advancement of Mesoamerican Studies, the National Science Foundation, National Geographic, the Center for Social and Demographic Analysis, and the College of Arts and Sciences (UAlbany SUNY). Awards, honors and grants
September 2003 Chancellor’s Award for Teaching Excellence (SUNY-wide)

Books and journal publications

Books
 2014 Masson, M., & Lope, C. P. Kukulkan's Realm: Urban Life at Ancient Mayapán. University Press of Colorado. 2002 <mask>, <mask>. and David A. Freidel, editors. 2002 Ancient Maya Political Economies. Altamira Press, Walnut Creek, California. 2000 <mask>, <mask>.In the Realm of Nachan Kan: Postclassic Maya Archaeology at Laguna de On, Belize. University Press of Colorado, Boulder. 2000 Smith, Michael E. and <mask><mask>, editors. 2000 Ancient Civilizations of Mesoamerica: A Reader. Blackwell Press, Malden. Journals (since 2001)
 Freidel, David A., <mask><mask>, and Michelle Rich 2016 Imagining

masks:
Masson
Marilyn A
Masson
Marilyn A
Marilyn A
. Masson
Marilyn A
. Masson


texts:
 a Complex Maya Political Economy: Counting Tokens and Currencies in Image, Text, and the Archaeological Record. Cambridge Archaeological Journal.published online October 2016. Hoggarth, Julie A., Sebastian F.M. Breitenbach, Brendan J. Culleton, Claire E. Ebert, <mask><mask>, Douglas J. Kennett 2015 The Political Collapse of Chichén Itzá in climatic and cultural context. Global and Planetary Change 138:25-32. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.12.007. <mask>, <mask>., Timothy S. Hare, Carlos Peraza Lope, Bárbara C. Escamilla Ojeda, Elizabeth Paris, Betsy Kohut, Bradley W. Russell, and Wilberth Cruz Alvarado 2016 Household Craft Production in the Prehispanic Urban Setting of Mayapán, Yucatán, Mexico. Journal of Archaeological Research. 24:1-46.Hare, Timothy S., <mask><mask>, and Bradley W.  Russell 2014 High-Density LiDAR Mapping of the Ancient City of Mayapán. Remote Sensing 2014(6):9064-9085. doi:10.3390/rs6099064. Jiménez-Cano, Nayeli G. and <mask>. Masson 2016 Estimation of fish size from archaeological bones of hardhead catfishes (Ariopsis felis): Assessing pre-Hispanic fish acquisition of two Mayan sites. Journal of Archaeological Science 8:116-120. <mask>, <mask>. 2012 Maya Collapse Cycles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109:18237-18238.(Invited commentary)
<mask>, <mask>. and David A. Freidel 2012 An Argument for Classic Era Maya Market Exchange. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 31:455-484. <mask>, <mask>. and Carlos Peraza Lope 2008 Animal Use at Mayapan. Quaternary International.

masks:
Marilyn A
. Masson
Masson
Marilyn A
Marilyn A
. Masson
Marilyn A
Masson
Marilyn A
Masson
Marilyn A
Masson
Marilyn A


texts:
 191:170-183. <mask><mask> and Carlos Peraza Lope 2007 Kukulkan/Quetzalcoatl, Death God, and Creation Mythology of Burial Shaft Temples at Mayapán. Mexicon XXIX (3):77-85.Peraza Lope, Carlos, <mask><mask>, Timothy S. Hare, and Pedro Candelario Delgado Kú  2006 The Late Postclassic Chronology of Mayapán: New Radiocarbon Evidence. Ancient Mesoamerica 17:153-176. <mask>, <mask>. and Robert M. Rosenswig 2005 Production Characteristics of Postclassic Maya Pottery from Caye Coco, Northern Belize Latin American Antiquity 16:355-384. <mask>, <mask>. and Robert M. Rosenswig. 2003. The Evolution of Postclassic Maya Pottery Traditions in Northern Belize. Submitted to Latin American Antiquity
 <mask>, <mask>.2001. Changing Patterns of Ceramic Stylistic Diversity in the Pre-Hispanic Maya Lowlands. Acta Archaeologica 72:159-188. Robert M. Rosenswig and <mask><mask>. 2002. Postclassic Maya Monumental* Architecture from Caye Coco, Northern Belize. Ancient Mesoamerica 13:1-23.<mask>, <mask>. 2001. The Economic Organization of Late and Terminal Classic Period Maya Stone Tool Craft Specialist Workshops at Colha, Belize. Lithic Technology 26:29-49. <mask>, <mask>. 2001. El Sobrenatural Cocijo y Poder de Linaje en La Antigua Sociedad Zapoteca.Mesoamerica 41:1-30. References

1961 births
Living people
American women archaeologists
Mesoamerican archaeologists
Women Mesoamericanists
American archaeologists
Texas A&M University alumni
Florida State University alumni
University of Texas at Austin College of Liberal Arts alumni
21st-century American

masks:
Marilyn A
. Masson
Marilyn A
. Masson
Masson
Marilyn A
Masson
Marilyn A
Masson
Marilyn A
Marilyn A
. Masson
Masson
Marilyn A
Masson
Marilyn A


texts:
<mask> (born December 18, 1941) is an American historian of France with contributions in gender history. She is a professor emerita in the School of Social Science in the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. <mask> is known for her work in feminist history and gender theory, engaging post-structural theory on these topics. Geographically, her work focuses primarily on France, and thematically she deals with how power works, the relation between language and experience, and the role and practice of historians. Her work grapples with theory's application to historical and current events, focusing on how terms are defined and how positions and identities are articulated. Among her publications was the article "Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis", published in 1986 in the American Historical Review. This article, "undoubtedly one of the most widely read and cited articles in the journal's history", was foundational in the formation of a field of gender history within the Anglo-American historical profession.Biography
She was born <mask> in Brooklyn, New York, the daughter of Lottie (née Tannenbaum) and <mask>, high school teachers. Academic career
<mask> taught in history departments at the University of Illinois at Chicago, Northwestern University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and Brown University, before becoming Harold F. Linder Professor at Princeton

masks:
Joan Wallach Scott
Scott
Joan Wallach
Sam Wallach
Scott


texts:
 University's School of Social Science in the Institute for Advanced Study in 1985. At Brown University she was founding director of the Pembroke Center for Teaching and Research on Women, and the Nancy Duke Lewis University Professor and professor of history. She has written that it was during her time at the Pembroke Center that she first started "to think about theory and gender". She serves on the editorial boards of Signs, Differences, History and Theory, Redescriptions and, since January 2006, the Journal of Modern History. In 2010, she helped to found History of the Present: A Journal of Critical History. She has also played a major role in the American Association of University Professors (AAUP) as the chair of its Committee on Academic Freedom and Tenure.She took emerita status at the Institute for Advanced Study in 2014. Research
<mask>'s work has challenged the foundations of conventional historical practice, including the nature of historical evidence and historical experience and the role of narrative in the writing of history. Drawing on a range of philosophical thought, as well as on a rethinking of her own training as a labor historian, she has contributed to a transformation of the field of intellectual history. Her current work focuses on the vexed relationship of the particularity of gender to the universalizing force of democratic politics. <mask>'s work has been mostly concerned with modern

masks: Scott Scott


texts: French history and with the history of gender. In 1988 and, in an analogue way, in the book Sex and Secularism (2017), <mask> argued that secularism, women's suffrage and sexual liberation didn't cause any equality of rights among men and women. On the contrary, they made sex "a public matter and a focus for state legislation" and dissolved the previous "gendered separation of public and private spheres, and unchangeable gender roles", in social systems in which male identity, freedom, authority and citizenship was required for social stability.Reflecting her interest in European working class history, in 1980 <mask> co-wrote with the British historian Eric Hobsbawm in an article in Past and Present entitled "Political Shoemakers". In her 1986 article "Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis", <mask> argued that studying gender not only explains women's history, but all history as well. Taking her own advice, <mask> has sought to write such "gendered" histories in her books Gender and the Politics of History and Only Paradoxes to Offer: French Feminists and the Rights of Men. In her 1988 book Gender and the Politics of History, <mask> expanded upon the themes she had introduced in "Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis" to argue that gender was the "knowledge of sexual differences". Citing Foucault, she adopted his definition of "knowledge" as "the understanding produced by cultures and

masks: Scott Scott Scott Scott Scott


texts:
 societies of human relationships". In addition to her article "Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis", <mask> has published several books, which are widely reprinted and have been translated into several languages, including French, Japanese, Portuguese, and Korean. Her publications include The Glassworkers of Carmaux: French Craftsmen and Political Action in a Nineteenth Century City (Harvard University Press, 1974); Women, Work and Family (coauthored with Louise Tilly) (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1978); Gender and the Politics of History (Columbia University Press, 1988); Only Paradoxes to Offer: French Feminists and the Rights of Man (Harvard University Press, 1996); Parité: Sexual Difference and the Crisis of French Universalism (University of Chicago Press, 2005) and The Politics of the Veil (Princeton University Press, 2007).<mask> has also edited numerous other books and published countless articles. She is also one of the founding editors of the journal History of the Present. Awards and honors

She has received various awards, accolades, and honorary degrees for her work, including the American Historical Association's Herbert Baxter Adams Prize, the <mask>rist Award for Outstanding Research in Gender Studies, and the Nancy Lyman Roelker Prize of the AHA for graduate mentorship. She holds honorary degrees from Brown University, Stony Brook University, The University of Bergen (Norway),

masks:
Scott
Scott
Joan Kellyg


texts:
 Harvard University, Princeton University, Concordia University, and the University of Edinburgh. Students

<mask>'s influence within the academy has been extensive. She has played an influential role in establishing the careers of a number of prominent academics, winning the prestigious Nancy Lyman Roelker Mentorship Award in 1995. Among the students who completed their dissertations under <mask>'s supervision are Leora Auslander at the University of Chicago, Mary Louise Roberts at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, and Dagmar Herzog at the City University of New York.The Pembroke Center for Teaching and Research on Women at Brown University annually awards the <mask> <mask> Prize for an outstanding honors thesis in Gender and Sexuality Studies. Family

Previously married to <mask>, a professor of American history at CUNY, she is the mother of A. O<mask>, a film critic for The New York Times, and the artist <mask>. She is the niece of actor <mask> (her father was Eli's brother). Bibliography

Books

 The Glassworkers of Carmaux: French Craftsmen and Political Action in a Nineteenth Century City. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1974; French translation, Flammarion, 1982. Women, Work and Family (coauthored with Louise Tilly). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1978; Routledge, 1987; Italian translation, 1981; French translation, 1987; Korean translation, 2008.Gender and the Politics of History.

masks:
Scott
Scott
Joan Wallach
Scott
Donald Scott
. Scott
Lizzie Scott
Eli Wallach


texts:
 New York: Columbia University Press, 1988; Revised edition, 1999. Japanese translation, Heibonsha 1992; Spanish translation, Fondo de Cultura Economica, 2008. Only Paradoxes to Offer: French Feminists and the Rights of Man. Harvard University Press, 1996; French translation: Albin Michel, 1998; Portuguese translation: Editora Mulheres 2002; Korean translation, Sang Sanchi 2006. Parité: Sexual Equality and the Crisis of French Universalism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.French translation: Albin Michel, 2005. Korean translation: Ingansarang, 2009. The Politics of the Veil. Princeton University Press, 2007. Bulgarian translation 2008; Arabic translation, Toubkal, 2009; Turkish translation, Tabur, 2012; French translation, Éd. Amsterdam, 2017. Théorie Critique de l'Histoire: Identités, expériences, politiques.Fayard, 2009. The Fantasy of Feminist History. Durham, Duke University Press, 2011. De l'Utilité du genre. Fayard, 2012. Sex and Secularism, Princeton University Press, 2017
 Knowledge, Power, and Academic Freedom, Columbia University Press, 2019
 On the Judgement of History, Columbia University Press, 2020

Edited books

Chapters in books

Articles

 "The Glassworkers of Carmaux", in S. Thernstrom and R. Sennett (eds), Nineteenth Century Cities: Essays in the New Urban History (Yale University Press, 1969), pp. 3–48."Les Verriers de Carmaux, 1865-1900," Le Mouvement Social 76 (1971), pp. 67–93.


texts: "Women's Work and the Family in 19th Century Europe" (coauthored with Louise Tilly), in C. Rosenberg (ed. ), The Family in History (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1975), pp. 145–178. "Labor History in the United States since the 1960s," Le Mouvement Social, No. 100 (July 1977), pp.121–131. Recent U.S. Scholarship on the History of Women (coauthored with B. Sicherman, W. Monter, K. Sklar). American Historical Association, 1980. "Social History and the History of Socialism: French Socialist Municipalities in the 1890s," Le Mouvement Social 111 (Spring 1980), pp. 145–153. "Political Shoemakers" (coauthored with Eric Hobsbawm), Past and Present 89 (November 1980), pp.86–114. "Dix Ans de l'histoire des femmes aux états-unis," Le Débat 19 (1981), pp. 127–132 (translated into Spanish for publication in Débat, 1984). "Politics and the Profession: Women Historians in the 1980s," Women's Studies Quarterly 9:3 (Fall 1981). "Mayors versus Police Chiefs: Socialist Municipalities Confront the French State," in John Merriman, ed., French Cities in the Nineteenth Century (London: Hutchinson, 1982), pp. 230–45. "Popular Theater and Socialism in Late Nineteenth Century France," in Seymour Drescher, David Sabean, and Allen Sharlin (eds)., Political Symbolism in Modern Europe: Essays in Honor of George L. Mosse (New Brunswick: Transaction Books 1982), pp.197–215. "The Mechanization of Women's Work," Scientific American 247:3


texts: (September 1982), pp. 166–87. "Women's History: The Modern Period," Past and Present 101 (November 1983), pp. 141–57. "Men and Women in the Parisian Garment Trades: Discussions of Family and Work in the 1830s and 40's," R. Floud, G. Crossick and P. Thane (eds), The Power of the Past: Essays in Honor of Eric Hobsbawm (Cambridge University Press, 1984), pp. 67–94."Statistical Representations of Work: The Chamber of Commerce's Statistique de l'Industrie à Paris, 1847-48," in Stephen Kaplan, ed., Work in France: Representations, Meaning, Organization, and Practice (Cornell University Press, 1986), pp. 335–363. "Women's History as Women's Education: Representations of Sexuality and Women's Colleges in America," (Smith College, Northampton, Mass., 1986). "Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis," American Historical Review 91, no. 5 (December 1986), pp. 1053–75 (French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Bulgarian, Estonian, and Polish translations). "On Language, Gender, and Working Class History," International Labor and Working Class History 31 (Spring 1987), pp.1–13 and "Reply to Critics of This Piece," 32 (Fall 1987), pp. 39–45 (Spanish and Swedish translations). "'L'Ouvrière! Mot Impie, Sordide...' Women Workers in the Discourse of French Political Economy (1840-1860)," in Patrick Joyce, ed., The Historical Meanings of Work. (Cambridge University Press, 1987), pp. 119–42. French translation in Actes de la


texts: Recherche en Sciences Sociales 83 (June 1990), pp.2–15. "Rewriting History," in Margaret Higonnet et al. (eds), Behind the Lines: Gender and the Two World Wars (Yale University Press, 1987), pp. 19–30. "History and Difference," Daedalus (Fall 1987), pp. 93–118. "Deconstructing Equality-versus-Difference:  Or, the Uses of Poststructuralist Theory for Feminism," Feminist Studies (Spring 1988), pp.33–50. "The Problem of Invisibility," in S. Jay Kleinberg, ed., Retrieving Women's History: Changing Perceptions of the Role of Women in Politics and Society (London and Paris: Berg/Unesco 1988), pp. 5–29. "History in Crisis? The Others' Side of the Story," American Historical Review 94 (June 1989), pp. 680–692. "Interview with <mask>," Radical History Review 45 (1989), pp.41–59. "French Feminists and the Rights of 'Man': Olympe de Gouges' Declarations," History Workshop No. 28 (Autumn 1989), pp. 1–21. "A Woman Who Has Only Paradoxes to Offer: Olympe de Gouges Claims Rights for Women," in Sara E. Melzer and Leslie W. Rabine (eds), Rebel Daughters: Women and the French Revolution (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), pp. 102–20. "Women's History," in Peter Burke (ed.), New Perspectives on Historical Writing, (London: Polity Press, 1991), pp. 42–66. "Rethinking the History of Women's Work," chapter for Vol. IV of Storia della Donne, edited by Michelle Perrot and Georges Duby (Rome, Laterza, 1990; Paris, Plon, 1991;


texts: Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1993), pp. 773–797. "The Evidence of Experience," Critical Inquiry (Summer 1991); reprinted in various collections of essays, and in Questions of Evidence: Proof, Practice, and Persuasion across the Disciplines, edited by James Chandler, Arnold I. Davidson, and Harry Harootunian (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), pp. 363–387.Spanish translation 2001. "Liberal Historians: A Unitary Vision," Chronicle of Higher Education, September 11, 1991, pp. B1-2. "The Campaign Against Political Correctness: What's Really at Stake?" Change (November/December 1991), pp. 30–43; reprinted in Radical History Review (1992), pp. 59–79; also in various collections of essays."Multiculturalism and the Politics of Identity," October 61 (Summer 1992), pp. 12–19; reprinted in John Rajchman (ed. ), The Identity in Question (New York: Routledge, 1995), pp. 3–12. "The New University: Beyond Political Correctness," Boston Review (March/April 1992), pp. 29–31. "The Rhetoric of Crisis in Higher Education," in Higher Education Under Fire: Politics, Economics, and the Crisis of the Humanities, edited by Michael Bérubé and Cary Nelson (Routledge, 1995), pp.293–334. "The woman worker", in Geneviève Fraisse, Georges Duby and Michelle Perrot, eds., A History of Women in the West, Volume IV (Belknap, 1995), p. 399. "Academic Freedom as an Ethical Practice," in Louis Menand (ed. ), The Future of


texts: Academic Freedom (University of Chicago Press, 1996), pp. 163–180. "Forum: Raymond Martin, <mask><mask>, and Cushing Strout on 'Telling the Truth About History,'" History and Theory, vol. 34 (1995), pp.329–334. "Vive la différence!" Le Débat, November–December 1995, pp. 134–139. "After History? ", Common Knowledge, vol. 5, no.3 (Winter 1996), pp. 9–26. "'La Querelle des Femmes' in Late Twentieth Century France," New Left Review November/December 1997, pp. 3–19 (French translation: Parité-infos, #19, Sept. 1997). "Border Patrol," contribution to "Forum" A Crisis in History? On Gérard Noiriel's Sur la Crise de l'Histoire," French Historical Studies 21:3 (Summer 1998), pp. 383-397."Some Reflections on Gender and Politics," in Myra Marx Ferree, Judith Lorber, and Beth B. Hess (eds), Revisioning Gender (Sage Publications, 1999), pp. 70–96. "Entretien avec <mask>," Mouvements: Sociétés, politique, culture no. 2 (Jan- Fev 1999), pp. 101–112. "La Traduction Infidèle," Vacarme, No. 19 (1999)."Feminist Family Politics," French Politics, Culture and Society 17:3-4 (Summer/Fall 1999), pp. 20–30. "The 'Class' We Have Lost," International Labor & Working-Class History, no. 57 (Spring 2000), pp. 69–75. "Fantasy Echo: History and the Construction of Identity," Critical Inquiry 27 (Winter 2001), pp. 284–304 (German translation: "Phantasie und Erfahrung," Feministische Studien Vol.2, 2001). "Les 'guerres académiques' aux

masks:
Joan W
. Scott
Joan Scott


texts:
 Etats-Unis," in L'Université en questions: marché des saviors, nouvelle agora, tour d'ivoire?, edited by Julie Allard, Guy Haarscher, and Maria Puig de la Bellacasa (Brussels: Editions Labor, 2001). "Faculty Governance," Academe July–August 2002, pp. 41–48. "French Universalism in the 90's," differences 15.2 (2004), pp. 32–53. "Feminism's History," Journal of Women's History 16.1 (2005), pp.10–29. "Symptomatic Politics: The Banning of Islamic Head Scarves in French Public Schools," French Politics, Culture and Society 23:3 (Fall 2005), pp. 106–27. "Against Eclecticism," differences 16.3 (Fall 2005), pp. 114–37. "History-writing as Critique", Keith Jenkins et al. (eds), Manifestos for History (London: Routledge, 2007), 19–38."Back to the Future," History and Theory 47:2 (2008), pp. 279–84. "Unanswered Questions," contribution to AHR Forum, "Revisiting 'Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis'," American Historical Review 113:5 (Dec. 2008), pp. 1422–30. "Finding Critical History," in James Banner and John Gillis (eds), Becoming Historians (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009), pp. 26–53. "Knowledge, Power, and Academic Freedom," Social Research (Summer 2009)."Gender: Still a Useful Category of Analysis?" Diogenes, vol. 57, no. 225 (2010). "Storytelling," History and Theory (Spring 2011). References

External links

<mask> interview on Counterpoint Radio with Marcus W. Orr Center for the


texts:
 Humanities at the University of Memphis. Pembroke Center News
France's Battle Against the Burqa May 21, 2010.<mask>'s faculty web page at the Institute for Advanced Study
Interview with <mask> on BigThink.com
Interview with <mask> at UC Berkeley on Conversations with History
The History of the Present. 1941 births
Living people
Gender studies academics
Women's historians
21st-century American historians
American people of Polish-Jewish descent
Jewish American historians
Jewish feminists
Jewish philosophers
Historians of France
Jewish writers
Feminist historians
Institute for Advanced Study faculty
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Brandeis University alumni
American women historians
Brown University faculty
21st-century American

masks:
Joan Scott
Joan Scott
Joan Scott


texts:
<mask>i (born 1980) is a Chinese Canadian poker player currently residing in Hong Kong. Considered as one of the five best Asian poker players, <mask> has achieved icon status in the international poker scene with his involvement in several historic achievements including:
 his role in founding and organising the first ever live poker tournament in Macau, China,
 his winning the 3rd highest prize in poker tournament history (€11,111,111),
 his part in the biggest pot in TV poker history (€2,090,000). Outside of poker, <mask> is an investor and entrepreneur. Poker

Early Years
Born and raised in Vancouver, and with a bachelors degree from University of British Columbia, Canada, <mask> first started playing poker online on party-poker in 2001 in $2/$4 Limit Hold'em games. It was upon returning to Hong Kong after graduating university that he realized poker was still very much non-existent in the neighboring city-state of Macau, where gambling was legal. With the vision that poker would be instantly popular in Macau, <mask> had the idea of hosting the first ever live poker tournament in Macau. After some research, he discovered that his relative was the owner of the Grand Waldo Casino in Macau.<mask> scheduled a meeting, gave a successful pitch, and went on to become the tournament's founding organizer in partnership with famed tournament director Matt Savage and Poker Stars as sponsors. This is how the APPT Macau (Asia Pacific Poker Tour) was started. But having signed just a one-year deal with Poker Stars and the casino, <mask> was left out the second year and the tournament continued to become what it is today. This was <mask>'s first entrepreneurial move having invested about a million HKD (US $130K) of his own saving. <mask>

masks:
Elton Tsang Ka wa
Tsang
Tsang
Tsang
Tsang
Tsang
Tsang
Tsang
Tsang


texts:
 continued to play small stakes online, and had a short but successful run in the live tournament circuit before focusing mainly on cash games and playing full time. Starting off at the HKD$25/$50 ($3/$6) games in Hong Kong, <mask> begun to build his bankroll and moved up to higher stakes. <mask> later moved to Macau hoping to capitalise on the growing popularity of live cash games, and the influx of wealthy Asian businessmen whom were new to the game.His games started at HKD$50/$100, then moved to HKD$100/$200 where he struggled the most to maintain. At that time his goal was to play in the HK$1000/$2000 private game. He spent the next a couple years moving up and down the stakes while improving his skill. One of his defining moments in poker came during this time when he was able to finally out-play his then-nemesis, a US pro called Vietnamese John (John Hoang), in a tournament where <mask> came first after beating Vietnamese John heads-up. This was an important win and a significant boost to <mask>'s confidence having been crushed and sent back down to lower stakes by Vietnamese John many times before. The Big Game
Between 2010 and 2012, <mask> continued to live in Macau, playing poker constantly, and living the fun and exciting life of a professional poker player. He made a lot of great poker friends there and he attributes them for helping him improve his game.<mask> was now playing at HK$300/$600 stakes steadily and some HK$1000/$2000 games. When Macau introduced Omaha, <mask> was ready having learned it online previously. He played in the HK$1000/$2000 Omaha games where he grew his bankroll considerably. Armed with a healthy bankroll, <mask> moved up the stakes onto HKD$10,000/$20,000 (USD$1.2K5/$2.5K) & HKD$20,000/$40,000

masks: Tsang Tsang Tsang Tsang Tsang Tsang Tsang Tsang


texts:
 (USD$2.5K/$5K) No Limit Hold'em games where all the big pros played".I t was a juicy game", as <mask> calls it. <mask> was now playing in The Big Game alongside the world's biggest names in professional poker which included Gus Hansen, Phil Ivey, Patrik Antonius, John Juanda, Tom Dwan, and Johnny Chan. <mask> struggled to maintain at this game at first, having to drop down the stakes to play Pot Limit Omaha which he frequently used to build his bankroll back up. Eventually <mask> was able to overcome his loss, survive, and kept going up steadily after that.<mask> went on to become a regular in the world of super high stakes poker cash games, winning and losing pots in excess of ten million Hong Kong dollars (US$1.3M). <mask> shares the story of his most memorable game: “One of the games where I still remember until now. It was a game that would have broke me or made me. I was in Macau playing three-handed with Tom Dwan and the Chairman. That game, we were playing HKD Ten Million dollar buy-in (USD$1.2m) HK$50,000/HK$100,000 (USD$6/$12k) No- Limit. After playing 24-hours, I had lost HKD$60 million (USD$7.6m). That was my stop-limit.I was ready to quit. But then I ended up giving it one more bullet. I bought in for another HKD$20m (USD$2.5m) and had I lost it I would have had to move down in stakes and start all over. I was fortunate enough to win all my money back, and HKD$60m on top of that. It was the most important game of my life. I think that was in about 2014 or 2015.”

Big One for One Drop 2016
In October 2016, <mask> was invited by Guy Laliberté, the founder of Cirque du Soleil, to participate in the €1,000,000 Monte-Carlo One Drop Extravaganza, an exclusive poker tournament. He defeated 25 other players to win the tournament

masks: Tsang Tsang Tsang Tsang Tsang Tsang Tsang


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 and received a €11,111,111 ($12,248,912) payout for first, the third largest single payout in poker history.<mask> was coached by professional poker player, Mustapha Kanit. <mask>'s entry and eventually win in the Big One for One Drop tournament came at the right time. By then he had already established himself in the private world of super high stakes cash games, but still remained largely unknown to the general public. He was very comfortable financially but was finding himself being banned more and more from private games due to his success in those games. “The One Drop was good timing. All the time before that I wanted to stay low profile. Before that tournament happened, people in the poker world already know me.It doesn’t matter anymore. I am already getting the feeling people didn’t want me to play anyway. So it was good timing to win it. When I first started playing poker I wanted to win a bracelet, I wanted the first place; I wanted to be the champion. All the big players already knew about me, and how good I am, so I can’t hide that anymore", <mask> says. “It’s good because it’s a weird mix. The One Drop event made me recognised by the public, and most importantly my family.They can brag about this to their friends. This event made my family realise the accomplishment I have made. When I tell them about playing cash games, they don’t know what’s going on. Being on the news is different. It was in the newspapers in Hong Kong, so I was happy that my family got to recognise ten years of hard work.”

The Scandal
In the same year, an anonymous story emerged alleging that while playing in a private game hosted at Casino Barcelona, Leon Tsoukernik had lost over €3,000,000 to <mask>, but Tsoukernik paid only €1,200,000, refusing to

masks: Tsang Tsang Tsang Tsang


texts:
 pay the remaining €2,000,000. When <mask> requested that the debt be paid in full, Tsoukernik claimed the game was "strange", elaborating that "...some people take advantage of knowing me and target me when I play poker cash games. I have thus experienced a variety of practices in the game, which corrupt the sport of the game.For example, poker collusion, marked cards, and hired professionals. I have many stories to tell, but I prefer to fight it my own way with the support of the courts of justice and other poker entrepreneurs instead of fighting rumours and lies over the internet." <mask> confirmed the story in a 2017 interview, further clarifying that the amount he was owed were much higher. He stated he had won €1,190,000 from Tsoukernik in the first 3 sessions, plus another €3,375,000 in the last session, of which Tsoukernik had paid €1,200,000, so he was still owed €3,365,000. <mask>'s accusation against Tsoukernik echoes a similar case where Australian poker pro Matt Kirk sued Tsoukernik for refusing to repay a US$2,000,000 debt. In support of <mask>, several prominent poker players came to his defence, including Tong G, Winfred Yu, Philipp Gruissem, and Daniel Negreanu, who posted on Twitter saying "<mask> is an honorable guy and is not lying." Tournament results

Charity

<mask> Hok Charitable Foundation founder, Alice Chiu, as being an inspiration saying "my passion for charitable work originates from Alice Chiu ... I was deeply touched by her efforts to help the needy in the society. Earlier, I visited children with amblyopia in Handan, China. The experience taught me to be grateful for all I have, and do my best to help those in need." References

External links

 <mask> Hendon Mob profile

1980 births
Chinese poker

masks:
Tsang
Tsang
Tsang
Tsang
Elton
Tsangen
Elton Tsang


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<mask> "Totò" <mask> (born 21 February 1958) is a former Italian politician and former President of Sicily. He has served an almost 5-year jail sentence for aiding Cosa Nostra. He has earned the nickname Vasa Vasa (Sicilian for "Kiss Kiss") for his tendency to kiss all and sundry – he claims that he has kissed a quarter of all the people on the island. Biography

Christian democrat
A graduate of medicine and surgery at the University of Palermo, with a specialization in radiology, <mask> was expelled from the medical order for indignity. He joined the Christian Democrat (DC) party during his student days. Then, after having served as City Councillor in his native city, Raffadali, and Palermo, <mask> was first elected Member of the Sicilian Regional Assembly in 1991. In 1996, he served as Regional Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries.His political career began under the wing of former minister Calogero Mannino, who in the past was suspected of having ties with the Mafia. Following the demise of the DC, he became a member of ex-DC splinter parties before joining the party Union of Christian and Centre Democrats (UDC). He first became known nationally in September 1991, when he defended his political patron Mannino, accused of being a witness at a Mafia wedding, live on television in a joint broadcasting of the Maurizio Costanzo show and Michele Santoro's Samarcanda, accusing the presenters that their journalism was Mafia journalism. Later, Mannino was absolved. For many years it was falsely told that: "In the presence of Antimafia judge Giovanni Falcone he (<mask>) accused the Sicilian prosecutors of manipulating state witnesses (pentiti). In october 2009, <mask> denounced for "defamation and threats" the 5000 and above YouTube users who commented the video of the TV show. But, with judgment number 1742 of 2013, the Civil Court of Palermo has ordered compensation in favor of <mask> by Antonio Di Pietro, who had linked on its website the video of <mask>

masks: Salvatore Cuffaro Cuffaro Cuffaro Cuffaro Cuffaro Cuffaro Cuffaroò


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 Cuffaro attacks Giovanni Falcone."In its judgment the Court found that "there is no evidence of a direct attack from <mask> against Prosecutor Falcone," and that <mask> himself, if anything, had criticized an investigation that was declared unfounded a few days later. In any case, the prosecutor criticized by <mask> was another one, not Falcone. In 2001, after having joined the UDC, <mask> was endorsed by the House of Freedoms as presidential candidate for Sicily. He won the election, with 59.1% of the vote, defeating Leoluca Orlando. <mask> was elected as part of Silvio Berlusconi's sensational clean sweep of the island, when his coalition won all 61 of its parliamentary seats. On 26 June 2003, it was revealed that <mask> was being investigated for Mafia-related crimes, after Domenico Miceli, a fellow UDC politician, was arrested for allegedly acting as a link between a Mafia chief and top Sicilian politicians, including <mask>. A few months later he was committed for trial.Despite all this, <mask> stood for the 2004 European Parliament election. Later that year, <mask> was appointed national vice-secretary of UDC, the party headed by Pier Ferdinando Casini. Until 2008 he was also President of COPPEM. Re-elected
In the 2006 Italian general election, he was elected senator for his party, UDC. In the 2006 regional election, he was successively re-elected President of Sicily with 53.1% of the vote, defeating Rita Borsellino, the Union candidate and sister of the late judge Paolo Borsellino, killed by the mafia in 1992. <mask> and the Italian Minister of Justice, Clemente Mastella were involved in a scandal when it was found that they had been best men of Francesco Campanella, a former member of the Mafia and town councilor of Villabate, who helped the boss Bernardo Provenzano during his absconding. In 2001 Campanella used his official position to supply Cosa Nostra's top "godfather" with an identity card so he could travel abroad for medical

masks: Cuffaro Cuffaro Cuffaro Cuffaro Cuffaro Cuffaro Cuffaro Cuffaro Cuffaro Cuffaro


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 treatment.In July 2000 Mastella and <mask> had been witnesses at Campanella's wedding. In the year 2005, he was the object of media attention thanks to the television reportage La Mafia è Bianca (The Mafia is White) by investigative journalists Stefano Maria Bianchi and Alberto Nerazzini, which aimed to expose rife corruption in the Sicilian Health service and shows a clip of police film footage of <mask> meeting with a known mafioso. <mask> tried unsuccessfully to prevent the publishers from broadcasting their reportage on the grounds of its allegedly "defamatory" contents but in January 2006 the Civil Court in Bergamo rejected his request, stating that both text and video, including the audio commentary by the journalists, were not defamatory. Following later investigations and trial <mask> has been jailed for seven years after losing a final appeal against a mafia conviction and being banned for life from holding public office. Mafia indictment and conviction
On 15 October 2007, assistant public prosecutor Giuseppe Pignatone requested eight years' imprisonment for Cuffaro charged with aiding and abetting Cosa Nostra and passing confidential information about the trial to the so-called moles in the Palermo Antimafia directorate. <mask>'s indictment emerged from an inquiry set up to trace leaks during an inquiry into a local doctor, Giuseppe Guttadauro, accused of being the Cosa Nostra boss in its Palermo stronghold Brancaccio. Guttadauro learned that his home was being "bugged" from another doctor.The colleague alleged that he, in turn, had been tipped off by <mask>. Guttadauro was recorded describing how the Mafia had funded <mask>'s 2001 election campaign. According to a transcript, he told that <mask> was handed packages of cash "in the least elegant, but most tangible way possible". On 18 January 2008, <mask> was found guilty of having helped the Mafia and was given a five-year sentence, during which time he will be suspended from all public

masks: Cuffaro Cuffaro Cuffaro Cuffaro Cuffaro Cuffaro Cuffaro Cuffaro Cuffaro


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 offices. <mask> was not found guilty of outright collusion with Cosa Nostra but the court concluded he acted in favour of several people sentenced for Mafia crimes and committed breaches of confidentiality. By Italian law, both the sentence and suspension from public office can only begin after the automatic appeals process is concluded. The prosecution had asked that <mask> be given an eight-year sentence but judges concluded that while he had helped the Mafia, there had been neither conspiracy nor willful intent.He has denied all wrongdoing and refused to step down, despite that he has also been banned from public office. "I knew I didn't do anything to willfully help the Mafia and tomorrow morning I intend to be back at my desk," <mask> said after the court adjourned. The day after, <mask> handed out cannoli, a Sicilian pastry, as if celebrating the sentence, which he considered positive as he was not convicted for ties to the Mafia. The ricotta sweets have become "instrumentalized," he told the daily Corriere della Sera. Adding that he "never celebrated" and fully understands the weight of the charges brought against him. He didn't bring the celebratory cannoli with him, but one of his many well-wishers did. Resignation
<mask> resigned on 26 January 2008.His resignation followed reports that the national government was planning a move to oust him. The announcement represents a reversal for <mask>, who earlier said he would hang on to his post and appeal his five-year prison sentence of 18 January. Many, including some politicians from allied parties, were angry that he celebrated not being convicted of a more serious accusation – helping the Mafia as an organization. The head of Italy's politically influential industrial lobby, Confindustria, lamented that <mask> remained in office while Sicilian businessmen were defying the Mafia by increasingly refusing to pay systematic "protection" money. A widely published photo of him offering his aides a

masks: Cuffaro Cuffaro Cuffaro Cuffaro Cuffaro Cuffaro Cuffaro


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 tray of cannoli pastries to celebrate fuelled the outrage. Re-election and appeals trial

While <mask> was undergoing his appeals trial, the Union of the Centre nominated him in the 2008 general election and he was re-elected senator. On 23 January 2010 the Palermo Appeals Court confirmed his two previous convictions and added the aggravation of favoring the Mafia, sentencing him to seven years in prison.He subsequently announced his intention to appeal the sentence before the Supreme Court and to resign from all party offices. Supreme Court Final conviction

On 22 January 2011, the Italian Supreme Court definitively confirmed the seven-year prison sentence and the perpetual ban from holding public office. Seven years of prison

<mask> served his time in jail at the Roman prison of Rebibbia. He was taken to Rome's Rebbibia prison the same day the Supreme Court confirmed the mafia conviction. As a result of his conviction, he lost his seat in the senate. Under the term of the sentencing as a mafia convict, <mask> is also barred in perpetuity from holding public office. He served his sentence and was released on 13 December 2015.References

External links
 Official website
 Intercettazione ambientale: Boss Guttadauro parla di <mask> from La Mafia è Bianca on YouTube
 Cosi il boss scoprì la "cimice", Antimafia Duemila, December 2007

1958 births
Living people
People from Raffadali
Christian Democracy (Italy) politicians
Italian People's Party (1994) politicians
United Christian Democrats politicians
Democratic Union for the Republic politicians
Union of Democrats for Europe politicians
Union of the Centre (2002) politicians
The Populars of Italy Tomorrow politicians
Senators of Legislature XV of Italy
Senators of Legislature XVI of Italy
Presidents of Sicily
Members of the Sicilian Regional Assembly
University of Palermo alumni
Sicilian Mafiosi
Italian politicians convicted of crimes
Heads of government who were later imprisoned
Politicians from the

masks:
Cuffaro
Salvatore Cuffaro
Cuffaro
Cuffaro


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<mask> OBE, FRBS (11 July 1913, London – 13 July 1992, Winchester, Hampshire) was an English painter and coin designer, particularly known for the reverse sides of the new British coins issued on decimalisation in 1971. Life and career
He began his career as a painter, studying at the Central School of Arts and Crafts. During World War II he served in the Directorate of Camouflage, working for the Air Ministry in Leamington Spa. After the war he worked for the Ministry of Town and Country Planning, as Education Officer for the Council of Industrial Design, but gave up the post in 1948 due to increasing design commissions. His subsequent known work included: 1951 design contributions to the Festival of Britain, South Bank Exhibition; 1952 ballet stage and costume design with his brother for Sylvia, the revival production choreographed by Sir Frederick Ashton, first choreographed by Louis Merante to music by Leo Delibes in 1876; 1953 design for Pall Mall for the coronation of Elizabeth II; 1964 he collaborated with his brother Robin on the Shakespeare commemoration issue of stamps and first day covers. He taught part-time at the Royal College of Art from 1953 to 1963. His paintings were exhibited at two main shows, shared with his elder brother Robin, at the Redfern Gallery in 1944 and at Arthur Jeffress in 1960.He received an OBE in 1971. <mask> designed various coins for the Royal Mint, including the reverse of the pre-2008

masks:
Christopher Ironside
Ironside


texts:
 British 50 pence, ten pence, five pence, two pence, and one penny coins, as well as the former half penny coin. He designed coins for the Isle of Man, Singapore, Tanzania, Brunei, Qatar and Dubai. He designed commemorative medallions including: the Britannia Commemorative Society's Medallion No.7 "The Spanish Armada" and No.42 "The Royal Navy"; the medal for the 1974 Centenary of Sir Winston Churchill's birth "This was Their Finest Hour"; the brass relief memorial for the Earl and Countess Mountbatten in Westminster Abbey; and, the brass relief for the 16th Duke of Norfolk in Arundel Castle (Fitzalan Chapel). In 2013 the Royal Mint issued a 50 pence coin with one of his designs on the reverse to commemorate the 100th anniversary of his birth. His collection of earlier concept sketches, plaster moulds and submission entries for the decimalisation competition are now housed in the British Museum. He was married twice: to Janey Acheson (one daughter, the journalist and novelist <mask>); and, after that marriage was dissolved in 1961, to Jean Marsden (two daughters and one son).Coins

Bahrain (1965)
In the beginning of the 1960s, there was a proposal by the Royal Mint Advisory Committee for a joint currency for Bahrain, Qatar, Abu Dhabi and Dubai. The committee had at this stage appointed <mask> on a term contract and asked him to provide prototype designs for these coins. Three sets were prepared and presented, the first set

masks:
Virginia Ironside
Christopher Ironside


texts:
 depicted each denomination within its own geometric Arabic design which was favoured by the committee; the second set, which was a thematic set depicting a goitred gazelle (Arabian gazelle now extinct), a peregrine falcon, a local fish, a mosque, an Arab dhow, oil derricks, and a date palm; and, a third set of Arabic designs. A file note, dated 24 February 1966, says: "The project for a common Gulf currency looks like being shelved for the time being and instead Qatar and Dubai are aiming to issue a joint currency in the near future." The designs that were presented in the three sets were labelled as "Designs for Arabian Gulf coins", but were never taken further. Tanzania (1966)
After World War I, the territory of Tanganyika became a mandate territory of the United Kingdom and its monetary system was aligned to that of Kenya and Uganda, through the establishment of the East African Currency Board (EACB) in December 1919. Following independence, the decision to dissolve the EACB and to establish separate Central Banks in Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda, the Bank of Tanzania Act, 1965, was passed by the National Assembly in December 1965, and the Bank was opened by the first President of Tanzania, Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere, on 14 June 1966.Tanzania's first set of coins was issued in 1966, with a portrait of J. K. Nyerere on the obverse and African wildlife animals on the reverse. This set included circulation and commemorative


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 sets. The last circulation coins with this first portrait were dated 1984. All regular types with this portrait have the word "TANZANIA" and the date above the portrait and the Swahili words "RAIS WA KWANZA" (roughly meaning "First President") below. Both the obverse and reverse were designed by <mask>. Description
 5, 10, 20 and 50 Senti; 1 and 5 Shilingi denominations (1966; circulation up to cir. 1984).These coins were struck as:
 5 senti in bronze, 4g, 22,5mm dia. 1966–1984 (170 Million coins minted), dodecagonal (12-sided). Design: Sailfish. 10 senti in nickel-brass, 5g, 25mm dia. 1977–1984 (48M), scalloped. Design: Running zebra. 20 senti in nickel-brass, 5g, 24mm dia.1966–1984 (100M), round. Design: Running ostrich. 50 senti in copper-nickel, 4g, 21mm dia. 1966–1984 (56M); nickel-clad steel 1988–1990 (10M). Design: Bush rabbit. 1 Shilingi in copper-nickel, 8g, 27,5mm dia. 1966–1984 (118M); nickel-clad steel 1987–1992 (slight change to design) (15M).Design: Outstretched arm holding a flaming torch. 5 Shilingi in copper-nickel, 13g, 31mm dia. 1971– 1980 (19M), decagonal. Design: Value centre with four cell containing designs of crops and a resting bull. Qatar and Dubai (1966)
In the beginning of the 1960s, there was a proposal by the Royal Mint Advisory Committee for a joint currency for Qatar and Dubai (the remaining Trucial States). The committee had at this stage appointed <mask> on a term contract and asked him to

masks:
Christopher Ironside
Christopher Ironside


texts:
 provide prototype designs for these coins. Three sets were prepared and presented, the first set depicted each denomination within its own geometric Arabic design which was favoured by the committee; the second set, which was a thematic set depicting a goitred gazelle (an Arabian gazelle now extinct), a peregrine falcon, a local fish, a mosque, an Arab dhow, oil derricks, and a date palm; and a third set of Arabic designs.In the mid-1960s Qatar and Dubai entered a currency union and organised the design and production of their own coin set. This joint currency was issued in 1966. The country names and denominations appear on the obverse, whilst a relatively simple design of a goitred gazelle adorns the reverse of all the coins (originally destined for the common currency to be used by Arab states of the Persian Gulf). The obverse and reverse of the coins were designed by <mask>. Description
 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 Dirhams (A. 1386–1389/ AD.1966 – 1969); Qatar and Dubai. These coins were struck as:
 1 Dirham in bronze, 1,5g, 15mm dia.1966–1969 Ahmad II period (1966, 1 Million coins minted). Design: Gazelle on the reverse, value on obverse. 2 Dirhams in bronze, 3,75g, 22mm dia. 1966–1969 (4M). Design: as above. 5 Dirhams in bronze, 3,75g, 22mm dia. 1966–1969 (4M).Design: as above. 10 Dirhams in bronze, 3,75g, 22mm dia. 1966–1971 (2M). Design: as above. 25 Dirhams in copper-nickel, 3,5g, 20mm dia. 1966–1969 (4M). Design: as above.50


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 Dirhams in copper-nickel, 6,5g, 25mm dia. 1966–1969 (2M). Design: as above. A total of 17 million coins were minted (individual mintage, in millions of coins, indicated in brackets above). Brunei (1967)
The Brunei Currency Board was established in 1967 and introduced the Brunei dollar as the new currency of Brunei, replacing the Malaya and British Borneo dollar after the Currency Union Agreement between Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei was terminated and all three countries issued their own currencies. The Brunei dollar was divided into 100 cents (or sen in Malay), with a portrait of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III on the obverse. The reverses of the coins were designed by <mask>.Description

 1, 5, 10, 20, 50 sen and dollar denominations. These coins were struck as:

 1 sen in copper-plated zinc, 1g, 17mm dia. (18,5M). Reverse design: representation of flower or blossom. 5 sen in Aluminium, 2g, 16mm dia. (25,5M). Reverse design: representation of a bird in flight.10 sen in cupro-nickel, 2g, 19mm dia. (45M). Reverse design: representation of a land animal. 20 sen in cupro-nickel, 4g, 23mm dia. (32M). Reverse design: representation of a tree. 50 sen in cupro-nickel, 7g, 27mm dia.(13M).Reverse design: coat of arms. A 10 dollar coin bearing a portrait of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin III on the obverse, and dollar signs on the reverse was prepared by <mask> but was never taken into production. Jamaica (1969)
In 1968, the House of


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 Representatives unanimously approved the report of the Select Committee of the House, which recommended that the currency of Jamaica should be decimalized in 1969. The introduction of a decimal currency provided the opportunity for the introduction of a complete Jamaican coinage as formerly, the coins (with the exception of the penny and halfpenny), were the same as those used in the United Kingdom. With regard to the design, it was decided that the portrait of the ruling British monarch, which had appeared on the obverse of all coins, would be replaced by the Jamaican coat of arms, with national symbols on the reverse depicting aspects of the island's flora and fauna, images that reflect the ideals of the newly independent country. The reverse of the decimal coinage was designed by <mask>. Description
 1, 5, 10, 20 and 25 penny/cent denominations

These coins were struck as:
 1 cent in bronze, 4g, 21mm dia.1969–1974 ( 65Million coins minted); Aluminium 1975–2002 (108M), only proofs cast after 1987. Design: Ackee fruit, the national fruit. 5 cent in copper-nickel, 2.8g, 20mm dia. 1969–1989 (82M); nickel-plated steel 1990–1993. Design: American crocodile. 10 cent in copper-nickel, 5.75g, 23,5mm dia. 1969–1989 (145M).Design: Butterfly within leafy sprigs of the lignum vitae, the national flower. 20 cents in copper-nickel, 11g, 29mm dia. 1969–1990 (18M). Design: the national tree, blue mahoe. 25 cent in copper-nickel, 14.5g, 32mm


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 dia. 1969-1894 (20M). Design used for 25th Bank of Jamaica Anniversary.Design: National bird, the swallow-tailed humming bird retrieving nectar from a flower
 50 cents (introduced 1976; ceased circulation 1989); 1, 5, 10 & 20 dollar coins (by other designers). ½ penny denomination used up to 1969; coat of arms on the reverse, designer Percy Metcalfe. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (1970)

In the 1970s the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations initiated a panel of coins to "draw attention to the most important challenge of our time, that of providing food, training and work for a rapidly expanding world population". These coins had two purposes, to serve as daily reminders, over the period of a generation, of the national and international efforts needed to meet the challenge of world food development, and to provide, through seigniorage as funds to help finance such development. People buying these FAO coin panels were thus making a personal contribution toward tackling the challenge set by the programme. The 1970s FAO coin panel was the first international coin issue in monetary history. There were 23 contributing designers from around the world, amongst them Stuart Devlin, William Gardner and <mask>.Description

The complete set of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1970 coin set was 45 coins, representing 33 countries. 10,000 numbered box sets were


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 produced. The coins of the British Commonwealth had their reverse designed by <mask>. These coins were struck as (Board 1):
 Jamaica: 1 cent in bronze, 2g, 21mm dia. 1975–2000; shaped 12-sided; (Mintage 15M). Struck by the Royal Mint London; Design: Ackee the national fruit of Jamaica; Inscription: The national fruit. Rwanda: 2 Francs in aluminium, 1,5g, 23mm dia.1970; scalloped with 16 notches (Mintage 5M). Struck by the Royal Mint, London. Design: Boy filling coffee basket symbol of the Rwanda Savings Bank; Inscription: Augmentons La Production (Let us increase production). Isle of Man (1970)
Under the provision of the Manx Decimal Currency Act of 1970, a decimal series of coins for the Isle of Man were prepared and released on 20 October 1971 (½, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 50 new pence coins). The reverse of most of these coins was designed by <mask>. This set had the same composition and size as the corresponding British coins. These coins were struck as:

1971 first decimal set (issued from 1971 to 1974):

 ½ New penny, bronze; 2g, 17mm dia.(300,000 minted); reverse Cushag yellow field flower regarded as the national flower. 1 New penny, bronze; 4g, 20mm dia. (1M mintage); reverse design of a ring chain cross based on 10th- and 11th-century Norse decorations. 5 New pence, cupro-nickel; 5g, 24mm dia. (100,000 minted); reverse design showing the Tower of Refuge, which was erected in 1832 on the rock near the entrance to Douglas


texts:
 Harbour, notorious as a place of shipwreck. 10 New pence, cupro-nickel; 11g, 28mm dia. (1,6M); reverse design the Three Legs of Man (triskelion), the official arms of the Isle of Man.This is a traditional design that has appeared on a long line of IOM coins. 50 New pence, silver; 13g, 30mm dia. (Mintage 100,000); heptagonal; reverse design a Viking ship. 1 Crown; cupro-nickel; 38mm dia. Manx cat by C. <mask>. Commemorative Silver 1970. This is a very traditional design motif dating back to the 1700s.On all of the above: obverse of Queen Elizabeth II by Arnold Machin; reverse by <mask>. 2 New penny bronze; reverse design of two falcons by Kruger-Gray. Gibraltar (1971)
As a country under the sovereignty of the United Kingdom, Gibraltar decimalised its currency in the 1970s. In 1971 a 25 New Pence (1 Crown) coin was issued with a reverse design by <mask> of a Barbary macaque. Description
 25 New Pence (= 1 Crown), copper-nickel, 38mm dia. ; round, 1971 (75,000 minted by the Royal Mint; silver proofs, 20,000 minted). Obverse design: Queen Elizabeth II by Arnold Machin; reverse design: Barbary ape by <mask>.Mauritius (1971–88)
In 1971 a new set of coins and banknotes for Mauritius were introduced by the Royal Mint. This set has Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse and a range of heraldic motives on the reverse. Some of the reverse designs for this set were designed by <mask>. These coins were struck as:

1971 Mauritius Independence

masks:
Ironside
Christopher Ironside
Ironside
Christopher Ironside
Christopher Ironside