texts:
 announced his candidacy for the open seat and won the election in November 1994. During his term, he introduced legislation aimed at helping disabled people maintain employment and supported harsher gun violence penalties. While in Congress, <mask> served on the U.S. House Energy and Commerce Committee.He was also a member of the subcommittees on health, telecommunications and the Internet, and environment and hazardous materials; the Congressional Biotechnology Caucus, where he served as co-chairman; and the Congressional Steel Caucus. <mask> won all his elections in Congress by margins of at least 25%. He announced he would be forgoing reelection in 2002 to run for governor. He was succeeded by Dutch Ruppersberger. Governor of Maryland

2002 gubernatorial election

In 2002, Democratic Governor Parris Glendening's second term was ending. While Glendening had been reelected by a substantial margin in 1998, the final years of his term were plagued by a personal marital crisis, and a large state budget deficit. The rural areas of Marylandlargely Republicanhad long criticized Glendening for what they perceived as zealous environmental regulations; in addition, they believed that he did not give sufficient attention to their needs for infrastructure improvements (bridges, highways, etc.).On March 15, 2002, <mask> announced his candidacy for the governorship. He attacked Glendening's record, tying his Democratic opponent, Lt. Gov. Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, to him. <mask> promised, if elected, to increase school funding, balance the budget, and protect the Chesapeake Bay. His running mate was Michael Steele, an African-American and the chair of the Maryland Republican Party. During the election, Townsend was criticized for her choice of running mate; she picked retired Admiral Charles R. Larson, a novice politician who had switched parties only a few weeks before.

masks: Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich


type: original

texts:
 The Townsend campaign was also hurt by the unpopularity of Glendening, who had implemented a redistricting proposal that was overturned by Maryland's highest court.Townsend's popularity continued to fall when it was reported that much of her campaign money was given by out-of-state donors; <mask> remained on the attack while the lieutenant governor's poll numbers declined. Though Maryland traditionally votes Democratic and had not elected a Republican governor in almost 40 years, <mask> won the race (52% of the vote to Townsend's 47%). He was the sixth Republican governor in state history and the first since Spiro Agnew left office to take the Vice Presidency in 1969. Tenure as governor

<mask> said "fiscal responsibility, education, health, and the environment, public safety, and commerce" were the "Five Pillars" of his administration. He opposed sales and income tax increases and supported legalization of slot machines to raise revenue. Under <mask>'s tenure, Maryland stayed 0.5% or more below the national unemployment average. The unemployment rate dropped significantly from 4.5% in 2003 to 3.9% in 2006, with an increase of 98,000 private sector jobs, aided by its proximity to the strong labor market associated with the national capital.<mask> established a Department of Disabilities within his cabinet for people with disabilities – the first such cabinet-level agency in the nation. In 2004, <mask> signed the Chesapeake Bay Restoration Act: it funds upgrades of water treatment plants to reduce pollution discharge by a surcharge on business and residential water and septic bills. The resulting reduction in pollution into the bay was expected to meet approximately one-third of Maryland's obligations under the 2000 Chesapeake Bay Agreement. The Chesapeake Bay Foundation described the Chesapeake Bay Restoration Act as the most significant piece of legislation

masks: Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich


texts:
 for the Bay in a generation. <mask> opposed President George W. Bush's 2006 approval for a United Arab Emirates firm to take control of six U.S. port operations, including those at the Port of Baltimore. (See Dubai Ports World controversy). In 2006, <mask> signed a law banning police traffic ticket quotas.Veto of the "Wal-Mart" Health Care Bill
In January 2006, <mask> vetoed the "Fair Share Health Care Bill," also known as the Walmart Bill, which required businesses with more than 10,000 employees in the state (three of the four companies being Walmart, Northrop Grumman, and Giant) to either spend eight percent of payroll on employee health care, or pay that amount to a state health program for the uninsured. The bill was commonly nicknamed after Walmart because it was the only company in Maryland of that size that did not already spend the requisite eight percent. <mask>, after consulting with counsel regarding the legal validity of the bill, vetoed the proposed legislation as it would run afoul of federal law. Despite this, and over the pleas of state representatives whose constituents benefited from Walmart's employment and feared a diminished presence in the state, the Democratic legislators of the Maryland Legislature passed the bill over <mask>'s veto, in part leading to cancellation of the building of a Walmart distribution center in one of Maryland's poorest counties. Critics of the international discount chain claimed that Wal-Mart's low wages force employees and their dependents to rely on state healthcare assistance. (See Wal-Mart Employee and Labor Relations). The bill's supporters claimed that the veto showed <mask>, whose official biography describes him as "unapologetically pro-business," had sided with "big corporate interests rather than Maryland's working families."For his part, <mask> called the bill the "first step toward government-run

masks: Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich


texts:
 health care" by "anti-jobs lawmakers." He claimed that it would hurt low and middle-income consumers and was unfair to Wal-Mart and other businesses. On July 7, 2006, the Maryland law was overturned in federal court by U.S. District Judge Frederick Motz, who ruled that the law violated the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) of 1974, while also noting that it would "hurt Wal-Mart by imposing the administrative burden of tracking benefits in Maryland differently than in other states." 2006 gubernatorial election

Governor <mask> opted to seek a second term and did not face opposition in the Republican primary. On November 7, 2006, <mask> was defeated for re-election in the 2006 gubernatorial election by Baltimore Mayor Martin O'Malley, who won 53% to <mask>'s 46%. <mask>'s term as governor expired at noon on January 17, 2007. Between elections
A month after he left public office, <mask> and several aides from his administration opened a Baltimore-area office of North Carolina law firm Womble Carlyle Sandridge & Rice.His wife Kendel took a consulting job as a director of the BankAnnapolis. In March 2007, <mask> endorsed former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani for the US presidency. He was the Chairman of Giuliani's Mid-Atlantic Campaign Committee. <mask> and his wife hosted their own radio show on WBAL-AM Radio every Saturday from 2007 to 2010. Governor <mask> has guest lectured at Towson University in Professor Richard Vatz's political persuasion class twice a year since 1993. 2010 gubernatorial campaign

On March 30, <mask> announced that he would challenge incumbent Governor Martin O'Malley. In June 2010, <mask> was endorsed by Terrapin basketball standout and Memphis Grizzlies NBA draft pick Greivis Vásquez.On June 30, 2010, <mask> announced that his running mate would be Mary Kane, who had served under Governor <mask> as secretary of state, August 2,

masks: Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich


texts:
 2005, to January 17, 2007, and also as deputy secretary of state and chief legal counsel, March 2003 to August 2, 2005. He easily won the Republican primary. His former lieutenant governor, then Chairman of the Republican National Committee Michael Steele, traveled to Maryland on his "Fire Pelosi" bus tour to endorse <mask>. Former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney also appeared at a fundraiser to endorse <mask>. Former New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani campaigned in Maryland with <mask>, calling him "one of the best governors of all-time." In the general election, <mask> lost again to O'Malley 56% to 42%. In December 2011, <mask>'s 2010 campaign manager, Paul E. Schurick, was convicted of four counts of fraud and conspiracy concerning a scheme to suppress the black vote using 112,000 fraudulent robocalls, which discouraged voters from going to the polls.Political consultant Julius Hensen was also convicted on one count. Support for presidential candidates
In October 2011, <mask> was named chairman of Mitt Romney's Maryland campaign for election as president in 2012. After initially supporting John Kasich as a Republican candidate in the 2016 presidential primaries, <mask> endorsed nominee Donald Trump in May 2016. After politics
As of December 2020, <mask> was working as senior counsel in the Washington office of King & Spalding, a major corporate law firm, on the governmental advocacy and public policy (lobbying) team. Election history

! style="background:#ccc;"|Year
! style="background:#ccc;"|Office
!
!style="background:#ccc;"|Subject
! style="background:#ccc;"|Party
! style="background:#ccc;"|Votes
! style="background:#ccc;"|Pct
!
! style="background:#ccc;"|Opponent
! style="background:#ccc;"|Party
! style="background:#ccc;"|Votes
!style="background:#ccc;"|Pct
!
! style="background:#ccc;"|Opponent
! style="background:#ccc;"|Party
!

masks: Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich


texts:
<mask> (; 27 August 1882 in Kelč, Moravia – 23 January 1969 in Prague) was a Czech composer, conductor, and music teacher. He was the brother of poet <mask>[de]. Life
<mask> was born into the family of the Kelč village cantor and headmaster <mask> (1848–1891) as the oldest of three siblings. His mother was Františka Křičková (1861-1936). His brother <mask> (1884–1949) later became a well-known poet, and his sister Pavla Křičková (1886–1972) became a writer. Their father enthusiastically supported the musical education of his children; Jaroslav received violin, piano, and voice lessons as a child. He attended high school in Havlíčkův Brod and graduated in 1900.As a high school student, he founded his own vocal quartet, string quartet, and student orchestra and began to compose. After graduating from high school, he moved to Prague and studied at the Prague Conservatory from 1902 to 1905. Under the tutelage of Josef Klicka, he studied organ, orchestration, and harmony. He studied conducting with Karel Knittl[cs] and composition with Karel Stecker[cs]. His musical role models were the famous Czech composers Antonín Dvořák, Bedřich Smetana, and Zdeněk Fibich, and later also the Czech modernists Vítězslav Novák and Josef Suk. After studying for a year in Berlin (1905–1906), he moved to Russia  for three years (1906–1909) and taught music theory, harmony, and chamber music at the Imperial Music School in

masks:
Jaroslav Křička
Petr Křička
Jaroslav Křička
František Křička
Petr Křička


texts: Ekaterinoslav. There he founded an orchestra with which he performed works by Antonín Dvořák and Bedřich Smetana.In Russia, he developed friendships with the composers Alexander Glazunov and Sergei Tanejev. <mask> was inspired by Russian poetry and music, and the work of composers Mikhail Glinka and Modest Mussorgsky particularly influenced his compositions. It was in Ekaterinoslav that he penned one of his most famous songs, "Albatross," from the cycle Severní noci (Northern Nights). Mussorgsky's song cycles for children also inspired him to compose his own children's songs. <mask> moved to Prague in 1909, and from 1911 to 1920 he directed the Prague choir Hlahol[cs]. His tenure as director afforded him the opportunity to study numerous works by contemporary Czech composers such as Leoš Janáček, Vítězslav Novák, and Otakar Jeremiáš, in addition to premiering Novák's cantata Svatební košile (The Wedding Shirt), Op.48. During this period, he also began his first major work: the opera Hipolyta.From 1911 he championed his former teacher Karel Stecker at the Prague Conservatory, and after Stecker's death in 1919 he was appointed as a full professor of composition. On October 14, 1918, he married Marie Krbová, a pianist and singer in the Hlahol choir who studied under Josef Bohuslav Foerster. Together with his student <mask> Řídký, <mask> conducted the choir of the Czech Philharmonic from 1922 to 1930.

masks: Křička Křička Jaroslav Křička


texts:
 During the critical years of World War II and the German occupation (1942–1945), he also served as rector of the Conservatory. During his many years of teaching at the Prague Conservatory, <mask> <mask> trained numerous composers, including <mask> Řídký, Karel Hába, Emil Hlobil, Karel Janeček, Václav Trojan, Ján Cikker, Jan Kapr and Jarmil Burghauser. He spent the last years of his life in the peaceful foothills of the Bohemian forest, where he dedicated himself to his composing in the village of Červené Dvorce near Sušice. He is buried in the Vyšehrad cemetery in Prague.Honors
In 1936, <mask> <mask> won a bronze medal in the art competitions of the Olympic Games for his Horácká suita (Horácko Suite a.k.a. Mountain Suite), Op. 63. He was elected a member of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts in 1921, and in 1957 he received the esteemed title of Honored Artist (Zasloužilý umělec). The Křička Brothers Museum is located in his hometown of Kelč. Works
<mask> <mask>'s work encompasses almost all musical genres, in his words, “from passions to operetta,” with a distinct emphasis on vocal compositions. In addition to song cycles and cantatas, he also composed operas, operettas, incidental music, symphonies, string quartets, and chamber music works.His compositions for children were significant and unique for his time; he wrote numerous children's song cycles and the first Czech children's opera, Ogaři

masks: Jaroslav Křička Jaroslav Jaroslav Křička Jaroslav Křička


texts:
 (1918). At the end of the silent film era, <mask> began composing film scores; in 1929, he wrote the music for the historical film Svatý Václav, which commemorated one thousand years since the death of the Bohemian ruler Wenceslaus I. He began composing operettas after 1945. In addition to his musical compositions, <mask> wrote many treatises on music and published regularly in the music periodicals Hudební revue and Hudební rozhledy. Song Cycles

 Severní noci (Northern Nights), Op. 14 (1909/1910), four songs based on poetry by Konstantin Balmont
 1. Albatros (Albatross)
 2.Labuť (Swan)
 3. Ukolébavka (Lullaby)
 4. U skandinávských skal (By the cliffs of Scandinavia)
 O lásce a smrti (On Love and Death), Op. 15 (1910), four songs on texts by Konstantin Balmont
 Písně rozchodu (Farewell Songs), Op. 19 (1916), four songs based on texts by Otakar Theer[cs]
 Tři bajky pro soprán a klavír (Three Fables for soprano and piano), (1917), based on fairytales by Božena Němcová and Alexander Afanasyev's fables
 Jaro pacholátko (Spring Child), Op. 29 (1919), three recitatives for high voice and piano
 Jiříčkovy písničky (Little Jiří's Songs), Op. 36 (1917, 1922-1923), collection of children's songs
 Daniny písničky a říkadla (Dana's Songs and Rhymes), Op.49 (1928), children's songs and rhymes for toddlers
 Míšovy písničky (Míša's Songs) (1932), collection of children's songs
 Naše paní Božena Němcová (Our Lady

masks: Křička Křička


texts:
 Božena Němcová), Op. 112 (1954), five songs for mezzo-soprano and orchestra based on texts by František Halas. Cantatas

 Pokušení na poušti (Temptation in the Desert), Op. 34 (1922), cantata for soli, choir, orchestra, and organ based on the Gospel of Matthew (text from the Kralice Bible)
 Studentské vzpomínky (Student Memories), cantata for soli, choir, and orchestra
 Tyrolské elegie (Tyrolean Elegies), Op. 52 (1930), cantata for soli, male choir, and orchestra based on a poem by Karel Havlíček Borovský
 Moravská kantáta (Moravian Cantata), Op. 65 (1935) for mixed choir, soli, and orchestra
 Valašská jitřní mše (Wallachian Morning Mass) (1941) for soli, mixed choir, and orchestra on a text by František Táborský
 Requiem in memoriam fratris dilectissimi, op. 96 (1949) in memory of his brother Petr Křička

Orchestral Works

 1.Symphony in D minor ("Jarní") (1905), "Spring Symphony"
 2nd symphony in a minor ("Letní") (1907), "Summer Symphony"
 Modrý pták (Blue Bird), Op. 16 (1911), overture to the fairytale play by Maurice Maeterlinck. Adventus, Op. 33 (1921)
 Horácká suita (Horácko Suite a.k.a. Mountain Suite), Op. 63 (1936) won 3rd prize in the composition competition in the 1936 Summer Olympics

Chamber Music

 1st String Quartet in D major ("Ruský") (1907), "Russian String Quartet"
 Divertimento Novodvorico (1921), serenade for string quartet
 Sonata in E minor for violin and piano ("Památce Jana


texts:
 Štursy"), Op. 40 (1925), "In Memory of Jan Štursa"
 Piano Trio ("Malé domácí trio"), Op.38 (1934), "Little domestic trio"
 2nd String Quartet in E minor (1938)
 3rd String Quartet ("Valašský") (1949), "Wallachian String Quartet"

Stage works

 Zmoudření Dona Quijota (Don Quixote Gains His Wisdom), Op. 18 (1914), music for the stage play by Viktor Dyk
 Hipolyta (Hippolyta), Op. 20 (1916), opera (premiered at the Prague National Theater on October 10, 1917)
 Ogaři (The Boys), Op. 27 (1918), children's opera based on texts by Ozef Kalda
 Bílý pán aneb Těžko se dnes duchům straší (The Gentleman in White, or It's Tough Scaring Ghosts Today), Op. 50 (1929), musical comedy based on Oscar Wilde's short story "The Canterville Ghost"
 Tlustý pradědeček, lupiči a detektývové aneb Dobře to dopadlo (The Fat Great-Grandpa, the Robbers, and the Detectives, or It Turned Out Well), Op. 56 (1932), children's Singspiel
 České jesličky (Czech Nativity), Op. 69 (1937), Christmas Singspiel
 Hra na květinky.A-o-i-e-u, jaro již je tu! (A Flower Play. A-E-I-O-U, Spring is upon us! ), Op. 71 (1937), Singspiel for children's choirs
 Král Lávra (King Lávra), Op. 73 (1939), sung ballet based on a poem by Karel Havlíček Borovský
 Psaníčko na cestách aneb Pošťácká pohádka (A Letter on A Journey, or The Postman's Fairy Tale) , Op. 79 (1941), children's Singspiel based on a fairy tale by Karel Čapek
 Jáchym a Juliana (Joachim and


texts:
 Julianna), Op.90 (1948), opera
 Zahořanský hon (The Hunt of Zahořany), Op. 98a (1949), musical comedy based on a story by Alois Jirásek
 Český Paganini aneb Slavík a Chopin (Czech Paganini, or Slavík and Chopin) (1951), operetta
 Kolébka (The Cradle), Op. 101 (1950), musical comedy with songs and dances based on a story by Alois Jirásek
 Tichý dům (The Silent House), Op. 105 (1952), operetta based on a story by Jan Neruda
 Polka vítězí (The Polka Wins), Op. 111 (1954), operetta
 Cirkus Humberto (Circus Humberto), Op. 118 (1955), operetta
 Kalhoty (The Pants) (1962), Singspiel
 Pohádka o 12 měsíčkách (Fairy Tale of the 12 Months) (1962), Singspiel for school children based on a fairy tale by Božena Němcová
 Dvě komedie televizní: 1. Měsíc divů; 2.Šlechetný kasař aneb s poctivostí nejdál dojdeš (Two TV Comedies: 1. The Month of Marvels; 2. The Noble Safecracker, or Honesty is the Best Policy) (1963), two opera miniatures

Film Music

 Svatý Václav (1929)
 Naši furianti (1937)
 Cech panen kutnohorských (1938)
 Gabriela (1942)
Jarní píseň (1944)
 Nikola Šuhaj (1947)
 Štika v rybníce (1951)

Literature
 Ondřej Maňour: Křička, <mask>. In: Ludwig Finscher (Hrsg. ): Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Zweite Ausgabe, Personenteil, Band 10 (Kemp – Lert). Bärenreiter/Metzler, Kassel u. a.2003, , Sp. 712–715 (online entry, subscription required for full access)
 Jaromíra Trojanová: Jaroslav Křička:


texts:
 personánlí bibliografie. Státní vědecká knihovna, Brno 1984 (Czech, 81 pages). References

External links

Profile

1882 births
1969 deaths
19th-century classical composers
19th-century Czech musicians
19th-century Czech people
19th-century Czech male musicians
20th-century classical composers
20th-century Czech people
20th-century Czech male musicians
Academics of the Prague Conservatory
Czech classical musicians
Czech classical organists
Czech male classical composers
Czech opera composers
Czech Romantic composers
Male opera composers
Male organists
People from Kelč
People from the Margraviate of Moravia
Olympic bronze medalists in art competitions
Medalists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Olympic competitors in art


texts:
<mask> () (died February or March 197) was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. Famed for his enormous strength, <mask> excelled at wielding a pair of jis (a halberd-like weapon), each of which was said to weigh 40 jin. He was killed in action at the Battle of Wancheng while covering Cao Cao's escape from Zhang Xiu's forces. Background
<mask> was from Jiwu County (), Chenliu Commandery (), in present-day Ningling County, Henan. He was described as a stalwart man with great strength and the ambition of becoming a youxia (vigilante). Assassinating Li Yong
When he was young, <mask> once agreed to help a certain Liu family in Xiangyi County (襄邑縣; present-day Sui County, Henan) take revenge against one Li Yong (). As Li Yong was a former county chief, he had bodyguards to protect him during his travels.<mask> <mask> disguised himself as a marquis and travelled to Li Yong's house in a carriage filled with food and wine. He entered the house without challenge, stabbed Li Yong with a concealed dagger, and killed Li Yong's wife as well. He then left the house and retrieved his weapons (a sword and a ji) from the carriage and walked away. As Li Yong lived near the marketplace, news of his death spread quickly and the whole town was shocked. Hundreds of men went to pursue the murderer but none of them dared to approach <mask> <mask>. After travelling four or five li on foot, <mask> <mask> met his companions and they escaped after a brief fight with the pursuers. <mask> <mask> became recognised as a hero after this

masks:
Dian Wei
Dian Wei
Dian Wei
Dian Wei
Dian
Wei
Dian
Wei
Dian
Wei
Dian
Wei


texts:
 incident.Service under Cao Cao
Around February or March 190, when the regional official Zhang Miao was rallying an army to join the campaign against Dong Zhuo, <mask> <mask> answered the call and became a subordinate of Zhao Chong (), a military officer serving under Zhang Miao. Once, a large banner was swaying in the strong wind and many men could not stop it from swaying despite their combined efforts. <mask> <mask> used only one hand to grab the banner pole and succeeded in keeping it upright. Zhao Chong was very impressed with <mask> <mask>'s strength. <mask> <mask> later became a subordinate of Xiahou Dun, a general under the warlord Cao Cao. He was promoted to the rank of Major () for his valour in battle. Battle of Puyang

Around September 194, when Cao Cao was at war with a rival warlord Lü Bu in Yan Province, he launched a surprise night raid on one of Lü Bu's camps located 40-50 li west of Puyang County and destroyed it before dawn.Just as Cao Cao and his troops were planning to return to their base, Lü Bu personally led reinforcements from Puyang County to attack them and caught them in an onrush. <mask> <mask> ordered dozens of men to gather around him, put on two layers of armour, discard their shields and arm themselves only with spears and jis. Another wave of enemy soldiers closing in from the west unleashed a barrage of arrows onto <mask> <mask> and his men. <mask> <mask> remained oblivious to the arrows and told his men, "Let me know when the enemy is ten paces away." The men did so. <mask> <mask> then said again, "Let me know when they are

masks: Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei


texts:
 five paces away." The men then suddenly cried out in fear, "The enemy is upon us!"<mask> <mask> was holding on to a dozen jis, and he flung them at the enemy when they approached him. Each ji knocked down an enemy soldier and not a single one missed its target. As the sun rose, Lü Bu retreated back to Puyang while Cao Cao withdrew back to his base as well. Cao Cao was so impressed with <mask> <mask> that he promoted him to the rank of Commandant () and put him in command of hundreds of his personal bodyguards who patrolled the areas around his tent. As Cao Cao's bodyguard
<mask> <mask> was a robustly built fighter. He personally selected the soldiers who would serve under him. In battle, <mask> <mask> and his men were always the first to charge into the enemy formation.<mask> <mask> was later promoted to the rank of Colonel (). <mask> <mask> was known for being a loyal, prudent and responsible man. He often stood guard outside Cao Cao's tent from morning until dusk, and even at night he would sleep beside Cao Cao's tent, and he rarely returned to his own quarters. He was also a heavy eater and drinker, eating in huge mouthfuls and drinking in long gulps. Because of his enormous appetite, several men were required to serve him whenever he sat down for meals. Cao Cao was very impressed with him. <mask> <mask>'s weapons of choice were a pair of jis or long swords.There was a saying in Cao Cao's army about <mask> <mask>: "In our camp resides the warrior <mask> <mask>, who wields a pair of jis weighing 80 jin in total." Death at the Battle of Wancheng

In February

masks: Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei


texts: 197, Cao Cao invaded Wancheng (宛城; present-day Wancheng District, Nanyang, Henan) in the north of Jing Province. Wancheng was the territory of the warlord Zhang Xiu, who immediately surrendered upon learning of Cao Cao's invasion. Cao Cao was pleased so he threw a party for Zhang Xiu and his men. During the party, <mask> <mask> stood guard behind Cao Cao, holding a giant battle axe whose blade was one chi long. Zhang Xiu and his followers did not dare to look up when they toasted to Cao Cao. Cao Cao had stayed in Wancheng for more than 10 days when Zhang Xiu suddenly rebelled and launched a surprise attack on his camp.Cao Cao was caught unprepared so he retreated with a few horsemen. <mask> <mask> stood guard at the entrance to the camp and prevented Zhang Xiu's soldiers from advancing further. The enemy then scattered and broke into Cao Cao's camp from the other entrances. <mask> <mask> had about a dozen men with him and they were all heavily outnumbered by Zhang Xiu's forces. However, <mask> <mask> fought bravely with a long ji, and with each swing of his weapon, he broke more than ten enemy spears. As the battle went on, <mask> <mask>'s men were eventually all killed and <mask> himself had sustained several wounds all over his body, but he continued fighting the enemy at close quarters with short weapons. <mask> <mask> grabbed two enemies and killed them, and the others did not dare to approach him.<mask> <mask> then rushed forward and slew several more enemy soldiers before eventually succumbing to his wounds. Just before his death, he was still glaring

masks: Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Dian Wei Dian Wei


texts:
 and swearing at the enemy. Only after confirming that <mask> <mask> was dead did the enemies dare to come forward and decapitate him. <mask> <mask>'s head was passed around for Zhang Xiu's men to see. They also came to look at his headless body. By then, Cao Cao had already retreated safely to Wuyin County (舞陰縣; southeast of present-day Sheqi County, Henan), and he broke down in tears when he heard of <mask> <mask>'s death. He ordered his men to retrieve <mask> <mask>'s body and personally attended the funeral and had <mask> <mask> buried in Xiangyi County (襄邑縣; present-day Sui County, Henan).Later, whenever Cao Cao passed by <mask> <mask>'s grave, he would stop to pay his respects and mourn <mask> <mask>. Family
Cao Cao appointed <mask> <mask>'s son, <mask> Man (), as a langzhong (). Cao Cao missed <mask> <mask> later so he promoted <mask> Man to Major () and kept <mask> Man close to him. After Cao Cao died in 220, his son Cao Pi appointed <mask> Man as a Commandant () and granted him the title of a Secondary Marquis (). In Romance of the Three Kingdoms
<mask> <mask> appears as a character in the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which romanticises the historical events before and during the Three Kingdoms period. <mask> <mask> first appeared in Chapter 10, and he was first introduced by Xiahou Dun to Cao Cao sometime in 193. According to Xiahou Dun, <mask> <mask> used to serve Zhang Miao but he could not get along well with Zhang's men, and he once killed tens of men before fleeing into the hills.While Xiahou Dun was out hunting,

masks: Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Dian Wei Dian Dian Dian Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei


texts:
 he saw <mask> <mask> chasing a deer across a stream and he brought the man back to his lord. Xiahou Dun continued to tell Cao Cao about <mask> <mask>'s background and physical prowess. Cao Cao then asked <mask> <mask> to demonstrate his skills. At that time, a huge banner was swaying in the wind and was on the verge of collapsing. Many of Cao Cao's men were unable to keep the banner upright even with their combined efforts. <mask> <mask> shouted at them to move back and he grabbed the banner pole with one hand and kept it steady. Cao Cao exclaimed, "This is Elai of ancient times!"<mask> <mask> then became a Commandant under Cao Cao. <mask> <mask>'s death at the Battle of Wancheng is described in greater detail in Chapter 16, but is more exaggerated than his historical biography. In this exaggeration, it was mentioned that <mask> <mask> was able to pick up the dead bodies of enemies by their feet and swing them as a means of attack, before he was finally killed by raining arrows and piercing spears. At <mask> <mask>'s funeral, Cao Cao wept and told his followers, "I don't feel very sad over the loss of my eldest son (Cao Ang) and my favourite nephew (Cao Anmin). I'm only mourning <mask> <mask>!" In popular culture

<mask> <mask> appears as a character in Koei's Dynasty Warriors, Warriors Orochi, and Romance of the Three Kingdoms video game series. He also appears in Chan Mou's manhua series The Ravages of Time, a retelling of the historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms.<mask> <mask> appears alongside Xu Chu as a guardian spirit of General Cao Yanbing in

masks: Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei


texts:
 the anime and drama series Rakshasa Street. See also
 Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

Notes

References

 Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi). Luo, Guanzhong (14th century). Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguo Yanyi). 2nd-century births
197 deaths
Generals under Cao Cao
People from Shangqiu
Han dynasty generals from Henan
Han dynasty people killed in


texts:
<mask><mask> (born August 8, 1956 in Los Angeles, California, USA) is an American music composer and director. He graduated from Pomona College in California and received an Ambassadorial Scholarship from Rotary International to study at Oxford University. He is the winner of the Cable Ace award for the soundtrack to the documentary The Lost Children of Berlin. He also composed the acclaimed soundtrack for the aviation film, One Six Right. <mask> is a Master of Movie Music with Beijing DeTao Masters Academy (DTMA), a high-level, multi-disciplined, application-oriented higher education institution in Shanghai, China. Early life
<mask> was born in Los Angeles, California, to parents from Shanghai, China. He began playing the piano at age three.He attended Pomona College, graduating in 1979. <mask> is an associate professor of film scoring at Peking University. Flight of the Living Dead (USA: new title)
 Highlander: The Search for Vengeance (2007) (V)
 Everest E.R. (2006)
 Wendy Wu: Homecoming Warrior (2006) (TV)
 The World According to Sesame Street (2006)
 Ten Days That Unexpectedly Changed America: Massacre at Mystic (2006) (TV)
 She's the Man (2006)
 ... a.k.a. L'homme c'est elle (Canada: French title)
 Tom and Jerry: The Fast and the Furry (2005) (V)
 Enter the Dragonfly (2005)
 San wa (2005)

masks:
Nathan T
. Wang
Nathan Wang
Wang
Career Wang


texts:
 ... a.k.a. Shen hua (Hong Kong: Mandarin title)
 ... a.k.a. The Myth (International: English title)
 A Really Big Problem (2005)
 One Six Right (2005)
 Come as You Are (2005)
 "The American Experience" (1 episode, 2005)
 The Great Transatlantic Cable (2005) TV episode
 Reefer Madness: The Movie Musical (2005)
 ... a.k.a.Kifferwahn (Germany)
 Perceptions (2005) (co-composer)
 ... a.k.a. Dangerous Perceptions (USA: new title)
 The Four Chaplains: Sacrifice at Sea (2004) (TV)
 A Remarkable Promise (2004)
 Voices from the List (2004) (V)
 Burma Bridge Busters (2003) (TV)
 Charlie's War (2003)
 Red Trousers: The Life of the Hong Kong Stuntmen (2003)
 ... a.k.a. Hong ku zi (Hong Kong: Mandarin title)
 ... a.k.a. Hung fu zi (Hong Kong: Cantonese title)
 Who's Your Daddy? (2003/I) (V)
 Price for Peace (2002)
 The Black Magic (2002)
 A Salute to Robert Altman, an American Maverick (2002) (TV)
 "American Family" (2002) TV series (unknown episodes)
 ... a.k.a. "American Family: Journey of Dreams" (USA: second season title)
 Vacuums (2002)
 ... a.k.a. Stealing Bess (USA: video title)
 Shoot!(2001)
 Nine Dog Christmas (2001) (V)
 Forbidden City (2001)
 Leui ting jin ging (2000)
 ... a.k.a. China Strike Force (Hong Kong: English title) (USA)
 ... a.k.a. Lei ting zhan jing (Hong Kong: Mandarin title)
 "That's


texts:
 Life" (2 episodes, 2000)
 The Screw-Up (2000) TV episode
 Pilot (2000) TV episode
 Rock, Paper, Scissors (2000)
 Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer (2000) (TV)
 Brightness (2000)
 NetAid (1999) (TV)
 "Sabrina the Animated Series" (1999) TV series (unknown episodes)
 ... a.k.a. "Sabrina" (USA: short title)
 The Brothers Flub (1999) (TV)
 Storm (1999) (V)
 ... a.k.a. Storm Trackers
 Dak ging san yan lui (1999)
 ... a.k.a. Gen-X Cops (Hong Kong: English title) (International: English title: literal title)
 ... a.k.a. Te jing xin ren lei (Hong Kong: Mandarin title)
 Clowns (1999)
 The Water Ghost (1998)
 Wo shi shei (1998)
 ... a.k.a.Jackie Chan's Who Am I? (USA: cable TV title)
 ... a.k.a. Who Am I? "Fat Dog Mendoza" (1998) TV series
 Moses: Egypt's Great Prince (1998) (V)
 "Toonsylvania" (1998) TV series (unknown episodes)
 ... a.k.a. "Steven Spielberg Presents Toonsylvania"
 The Secret of Mulan (1998) (V)
 The Magic Pearl (1997)
 The Lost Children of Berlin (1997)
 The Secret of Anastasia (1997) (V)
 "Bruno the Kid" (1996) TV series (unknown episodes)
 "Tales from the Crypt" (1 episode, 1996)
 ... a.k.a. "HBO's Tales from the Crypt"
 The Third Pig (1996) TV episode
 Ging chaat goo si 4: Ji gaan daan yam mo (1996)
 ... a.k.a. Jackie Chan's First Strike (USA)
 ... a.k.a.Jing cha gu shi 4: Zhi jian


texts:
 dan ren wu (Hong Kong: Mandarin title)
 ... a.k.a. Police Story 4: First Strike (Hong Kong: English title)
 Bruno the Kid: The Animated Movie (1996) (V)
 Siegfried & Roy: Masters of the Impossible (1996) (V)
 "The Twisted Adventures of Felix the Cat" (1995) TV series
 ... a.k.a. "The Twisted Tales of Felix the Cat" (USA: cable TV title)
 Hung fan au (1995)
 ... a.k.a. Rumble in the Bronx (Hong Kong: English title) (USA)
 ... a.k.a. Hong fan ou (Hong Kong: Mandarin title)
 ... a.k.a. Red Bronx
 ... a.k.a. Zizanie dans le Bronx (Canada: French title)
 Natural Causes (1994)
 Black Belt Angels (1994)
 "The Shnookums and Meat Funny Cartoon Show" (1993) TV series (unknown episodes)
 Nick and Noel (1993) (TV)
 Animated Classic Showcase (1993) (TV)
 Return to Zork (1993) (VG)
 "Eek!the Cat" (1992) TV series (unknown episodes)
 ... a.k.a. "Eek! and the Terrible Thunderlizards"
 ... a.k.a. "Eek!stravaganza"
 "Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures" (1992) TV series (unknown episodes)
 Spellcaster (1992)
 The Kiss (1992)
 "China Beach" (2 episodes, 1990)
 A Rumor of Peace (1990) TV episode
 Holly's Choice (1990) TV episode
 "Encyclopedia Brown" (1989) TV series (unknown episodes)
 Screwball Hotel (1988)

Music department
2000s
1990s
1980s
 One Six Right (2005) (orchestrator)
 Sabrina: The Animated Series


texts:
 (composer: additional music) (22 episodes, 1999)
 ... a.k.a. "Sabrina" (USA: short title)
 "Anywhere But Here" (1999) TV episode (composer: additional music)
 Boogie Shoes (1999) TV episode (composer: additional music)
 Boy Meets Bike (1999) TV episode (composer: additional music)
 Extreme Harvey (1999) TV episode (composer: additional music)
 Feats of Clay (1999) TV episode (composer: additional music)
 The Last Days (1998) (associate composer) (orchestrator)
 Flesh Gordon Meets the Cosmic Cheerleaders (1989) (composer: additional music)
 ... a.k.a. Flesh Gordon 2
 Soundtrack:
 Wo shi shei (1998) (writer: "Friendship")
 ... a.k.a. Jackie Chan's Who Am I?(USA: cable TV title)
 ... a.k.a. Who Am I? Hung fan au (1995) (writer: "You Are The One")
 ... a.k.a. Rumble in the Bronx (Hong Kong: English title) (USA)
 ... a.k.a. Hong fan ou (Hong Kong: Mandarin title)
 ... a.k.a. Red Bronx
 ... a.k.a. Zizanie dans le Bronx (Canada: French title)
 Actor:
 Who's Your Daddy?(2003/I) (V) .... The Arnold Horshack Experience

References

External links

1956 births
21st-century American composers
21st-century American male musicians
Alumni of the University of Oxford
American film score composers
Living people
American male film score composers
People from Los Angeles
Pomona College alumni
Peking University


texts:
<mask> (April 21, 1836 – November 16, 1897), better known as <mask>, was an English nurse born in Uckfield, East Sussex. She travelled to Utah and Arizona in the United States, where she became well known as a carer for the sick. Journey to Salt Lake City
After being converted to Mormonism, <mask> arrived in Chicago from England. She then headed to Iowa, where she pushed a cart filled with goods given by her church. She then left for Salt Lake City, Utah. She pushed the cart herself for the 1,400 mile walk, as one of the many Mormon handcart pioneers. She joined a company of her church's members for that trip, of which 150 died during snowstorms.Many others suffered from other illness, such as frozen feet, noses and other diseases. <mask> helped care for them, eventually leading to most of them fully recovering. During the trip, she also served as midwife to a pregnant woman, carrying her in the cart as the woman was close to delivering. Life with John D<mask>
Upon arriving in Salt Lake City, she worked for seven years as an indentured servant to pay for her trip from England. Afterwards, she met John D<mask>, a prominent man among Latter-day Saints members. Brigham Young married the couple on January 7, 1858. <mask> was John’s 17th wife.John D<mask> was eventually convicted for his participation in the Mountain Meadows massacre that left 140 people dead. Before this, John and <mask> were followed by federal marshals for about twenty years. At one time <mask> was tried but was freed after a hung jury. In 1868, George Hicks, a columnist from Harmony, Utah, wrote in a local newspaper that the <mask>s had to

masks:
Emma Louise Batchelor Lee French
Emma Lee French
Emma Lee
Emma Lee
. Lee
. Lee
Emma
. Lee
Emma Lee
John Lee
Lee


texts: leave town in ten days or John would be hanged. <mask> then spoke personally with George Hicks, warning him not to keep making threats against her and her husband. Hicks relented, never speaking against the <mask>s on his column again. He did, however, complain about the <mask>s to the town's Bishop, who proposed that Hicks and <mask> should be baptized together.<mask> agreed, but not without complaining; she told the bishop she'd do it "seeing that (the bishop) are so inconsiderate as to require a woman to be immersed when the water is full of snow and that too for defending the rights of her husband". She continued on, saying: "Perhaps if (the bishop's) backside gets wet in ice water (he) will be more careful how (he) decide again". Impressed by her speech, the bishop then agreed not to go on with the baptism. <mask> was ordered to carry out important tasks for the Mormons, and in 1871, he was sent to the Colorado River, near the border between Arizona and Utah, to establish a ferry service in a location now known as Lee's Ferry. Because, under Mormon doctrine, John Doyle <mask> was allowed to have multiple wives, he had to travel much of the time, to attend to his other wives and children. <mask> often left to visit his "gold mines". As a consequence, <mask> was left to attend both the ferry and her children.When <mask> left Lonely Dell after <mask>'s death, she had several coffee cans of gold. At one time there was a gold map showing the location of the mine which is now under Lake Powell. In 1873, a settlement of Navajo people came up near the <mask> home. Fearful for her children's fate, she decided

masks:
Emma
Lee
Lee
Lee
Emma Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Emma Lee
Emma Lee
Lee
Lee


texts:
 to befriend the Navajos, and discovered that the tribe's chief was a friend of her husband's. They spent one night at the Navajo camp, after which the Navajo left. At one time, a Navajo Chief came into <mask>'s lodge to attack her, but <mask> had a steaming pot of water on the stove. She threw the hot water into his face.Later, the chief came back and apologized and asked medical attention for the burns. Afterwards, he told his tribe that <mask> was a very powerful woman and had a great spirit and to leave her alone. Another time, a group of warriors camped nearby. <mask> heard them talking about killing her and the children. In response, she took the children and camped with the Navajos. Later that year, <mask> gave birth to her sixth baby. With John Doyle gone, she had to ask the oldest person besides her at the <mask> house, her son John Jr., to help her cut the umbilical cord.They did this task to perfection, and a daughter was safely born. John Doyle <mask> was caught by the US Army, tried again for the Meadow Mountain Massacre, found guilty, and shot by a firing squad on March 23, 1877, and buried at the site of the massacre. With small children and economically in need, <mask> sold the ferry to the LDS Church for 100 milk cows in 1879. She was helped by a Civil War veteran, <mask>. <mask> was a wandering gold prospector. Life with <mask>
On August 9, 1879, <mask> and <mask> married, in Snowflake, Arizona. They found a home near Holbrook, Arizona.Afterwards, they moved to the White Mountains. The White Mountain Apaches rose up in 1882 and killed 150 settlers that night. <mask> was warned just before

masks:
Emma
Emma
Emma
Emma
Emma Lee
Lee
Lee
Emma Lee
Franklin French
French
Franklin French
Emma Lee
French
Emma


texts:
 the attack on her ranch and was able to escape with her children and some ranch hands. She heard the shooting of the livestock and saw the smoke from the burning buildings. Later, French sued the government for $10,000 for the loss of the ranch, but the land was resurveyed and was found to be on Apache land. In 1887 she and Franklin moved to Winslow, Arizona, and established a dairy ranch. At that time, the Santa Fe railroad was being built.Many times, the railroad would send a special train to bring <mask> to help take care of the railroad workers injuries. She was known as "Dr. French", although she had no official medical title. She helped multiple women, including Navajos and prostitutes, give birth. In 1888, her daughter, <mask>, committed suicide. In 1892, her son Ike confronted a man who was trying to seduce his wife and was murdered by the man. Death
On November 17, she was fixing breakfast when she said "I don't feel too well" and suffered a heart attack. A crowd of businessmen, Navajos and prostitutes kept vigil outside her home as she lay in bed dying that night.Her funeral was one of the largest held in Winslow. The Santa Fe railway stopped their trains as a tribute to her. Her tombstone is in the old cemetery in Winslow, Arizona, marked as "Dr. French". See also
Lee's Ferry and Lonely Dell Ranch

References

Further reading

External links
Page about her on the website of one of her descendants

1836 births
1897 deaths
Mormon pioneers
People from Winslow, Arizona
People from Uckfield
English Latter Day Saints
English emigrants to the United States
Place of death missing
People from Holbrook,

masks:
Emma
Victoria Lee


texts:
<mask> (July 31, 1917 – November 13, 2014) was a New York City dentist who became a primary target for investigation of alleged communist leanings during the 1954 Army-McCarthy hearings. Early life
<mask> was born in the Bronx on July 31, 1917. The son of a tailor, he was raised in Manhattan and attended George Washington High School. He graduated from the City College of New York, where he was a member of the Reserve Officer Training Corps. He graduated from the New York University College of Dentistry in 1940 and established a practice in New York City. He became involved in politics after marrying Elaine Gittelson, an English teacher who became a therapist and psychiatric social worker. In the 1940s, he indicated the American Labor Party (ALP) as the party choice on his voter registration form.(New York voter registration and elections include party enrollment and closed primaries.) As a liberal third party, the ALP was a frequent target of anti-Communists who viewed it as a Communist front. Military service
<mask> applied for a commission as an Army dentist during World War II, but failed his physical because of a hernia and did not serve. <mask> was maintaining a thriving practice by the early 1950s when doctors and dentists were being drafted for the Korean War. He gained weight in an effort to aggravate his high blood pressure, fail his physical, and avoid induction into the military. After passing the physical, he applied for and received a commission as a captain in the Army Dental Corps. He was inducted into the Army Reserve on October 5, 1952, and reported for active duty on January 3, 1953.Originally slated for assignment to Japan, <mask> asked for and received a compassionate reassignment based on his wife's and

masks:
Irving Peress
Peress
Peress
Peress
Peress


texts:
 daughter's illnesses. He was reassigned to Camp Kilmer, New Jersey. As part of his application for his commission, <mask> signed an oath indicating that he had never been a member of an organization that sought to overthrow the U.S. government by unconstitutional means. When he later completed a more detailed questionnaire, <mask> responded to queries about membership in the Communist party or affiliated organizations with the phrase "federal constitutional privilege", an allusion to the Fifth Amendment. The chief dental surgeon at Camp Kilmer later testified that <mask> had no access to sensitive information there and that he and his assistant had, at the request of the camp's intelligence officer, monitored <mask>' activities without discovering anything at all suspicious. Although this monitoring failed to uncover any wrongdoing by <mask>, he still received fitness reports that called him a "very disloyal and untrustworthy type of officer" and stated that he was devoting himself to "the seeding of dissatisfaction". Target of McCarthy
In October 1953, <mask> was promoted to major, even though his commanding officer had recommended that <mask> be separated from the military because of suspicions stemming from his questionnaire answers.The Army later described it as a "readjustment in rank" made to comply with the Doctors' Draft Act, a recent law that required that the rank of military medical professionals reflect their level of experience. Soon after <mask> was promoted, the Senate Government Operations Committee received an anonymous complaint stating that <mask> had been promoted even though he was under surveillance for communist activities. As a result of the complaint and subsequent inquiries, Army leaders decided in

masks: Peress Peress Peress Peress Peress Peress Peress Peress Peress


texts: January 1954 that an honorable discharge was the quickest way to remove <mask> from the military and resolve the issue. Senator Joseph McCarthy, Chairman of the Government Operations Committee and its Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, decided to hold hearings on <mask>' promotion and pending discharge to illustrate McCarthy's claim that the Army was "soft on communism" because it tolerated an inefficient bureaucracy that failed to maintain security standards. <mask> appeared before McCarthy's Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations on January 30, 1954, and invoked the Fifth Amendment dozens of times in his testimony. He said he had and would continue to oppose any group that sought a violent or unconstitutional overthrow of the U.S. government. McCarthy called <mask> "the key to the deliberate Communist infiltration of our Armed Forces" and a "Fifth Amendment Communist."<mask> upbraided his questioners by saying that anyone, even a senator, who equated the invoking of the Fifth Amendment with guilt was himself guilty of subversion. McCarthy wrote a letter to Secretary of the Army Robert T. Stevens calling for <mask> to be court-martialed. He called for an investigation into the Army's handling of <mask>' commissioning and promotion. Stevens believed that <mask>' refusals to answer the Committee's questions did not provide grounds for court-martial and approved <mask>' discharge on February 2. On February 18, 1954, Brigadier General Ralph W. Zwicker, who had been in command at Camp Kilmer, was recalled from Japan to testify, and refused to say who had authorized <mask>' promotion to Major or honorable discharge. McCarthy told Zwicker he was "not fit to wear that uniform." An FBI witness named Ruth Eagle, an undercover

masks: Peress Peress Peress Peress Peress Peress Peress Peress Peress Peress


texts:
 member of the New York City Police Department, testified on February 18, 1954, that <mask> and his wife had been involved with the Communist party in the 1930s and 1940s and that <mask> had been a leader of the American Labor Party.McCarthy said that <mask>' promotion had been ordered by a "silent master who decreed special treatment for Communists". During confrontational testimony interrupted by several shouting matches with McCarthy, Secretary of the Army Robert T. Stevens told the committee on March 24, 1955, that "some very bad mistakes" had allowed <mask>' promotion. The Army granted <mask> an honorable discharge on March 31, 1954. In June 1954, the Army delivered the Subcommittee on Investigations a report on the <mask> case that detailed those responsible for approving his promotion and discharge. It admitted to procedural "blunders" that had resulted in the rewriting of regulations to avoid similar cases and said those responsible had been disciplined. McCarthy, defending his pursuit of the <mask> case when faced with censure, told a Senate committee that his own investigation contradicted Army witnesses and showed that <mask> had been considered for "sensitive work" in May 1953. McCarthy's confrontational approach, coupled with his pressure on the Army for preferential treatment of committee staff member G. David Schine, was looked on in retrospect as the beginning of McCarthy's downfall, leading to the Senate's censure of McCarthy.<ref>Lawrence N. Stout, Covering McCarthyism: How the Christian Science Monitor Handled Joseph R. McCarthy (1999), p. 123</ref>Arthur V. Watkins, Enough Rope: the Inside Story of the Censure of Senator Joe McCarthy (1969), p. 21

Later events
Following the hearings, <mask> reported


texts:
 receiving anti-Semitic hate mail and the <mask> home in Queens was stoned in late February 1954.He commented:

<mask> was persuaded to remove his name from the door of his dental practice. His wife was pressured to resign as editor of the Parent-Teachers Association monthly bulletin at their local public school. In 1976, he reflected on his experience:

In an interview in 2005, he repeatedly declined to say whether he had ever been a member of the Communist Party. Asked if he agreed with Communism, he replied:

He said that if he had explained his political beliefs at the Army-McCarthy hearings:

Retirement and death
<mask> maintained his dental practice until 1980 and retired in 1982. He was still residing in the New York City area when he gave an interview to the New York Times in 2005. <mask> died at his home in Queens on November 13, 2014. According to one of his sons, <mask> had suffered complications and declining health after breaking a leg in a fall, but was determined to live long enough to watch Major League Baseball's 2014 World Series.<mask>' son stated that afterwards, <mask> intentionally stopped taking his thyroid medication. References

External linksArmy Personnel Actions Relating to <mask>. Hearings before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Government Operations, United States Senate. Eighty-fourth Congress, first session.'' 1955. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1917 births
2014 deaths
Victims of McCarthyism
United States Army personnel of the Korean War
American dentists
Jewish American military personnel
United States Army officers
City College of New York alumni
New York University College of Dentistry alumni
People from the Bronx
20th-century dentists
21st-century American

masks:
Peress
Peress
Peress
Peress
Peress
Peress
Peress
Irving Peress


texts:
<mask> (24 March 1829 – 24 April 1876) was a German-born soldier in the British Army and a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. Crimean War
He was awarded the Victoria Cross for acts of gallantry during the Crimean War. He was 25 years old, and a sergeant-major in the 17th Lancers (Duke of Cambridge's Own), British Army. On 26 October 1854, in the Crimea, at Balaklava, Sergeant-Major <mask> went out with surgeon James Mouat to the assistance of an officer who was lying seriously wounded in an exposed position, after the retreat of the Light Cavalry. He helped to dress the officer's wounds under heavy fire from the enemy. This order, carried by the young Captain Louis Nolan and misinterpreted by Lord Lucan, began one of the most famous of all military engagements – The Charge of the Light Brigade – on 25 October 1854. <mask> rode in this action.Captain William Morris of the 17th Lancers, with about 20 men as yet comparatively unscathed in the sea of carnage all around, came upon a squadron of Russian Hussars. Ordering his men to keep together, he rode straight at the Russian leader, running him through with his sword with such force that he toppled him over the side of his horse, and, unable to disengage his hand from his sword, fell with him. The Russians closed on Morris and slashed at him with their sabres, cutting through his forage cap until he lost consciousness. He was taken prisoner but, in the

masks:
Charles Wooden VC
Wooden
Charles Wooden


texts: confusion of the field, managed to slip away, capture a horse and make a dash for freedom, only to fall from his horse due to his wounds. Pursued by the Russians through the thick smoke of the battlefield, he caught another horse, but fell again when the horse was shot. This time the horse fell on him, trapping his leg. When he came to, in agony from a broken right arm, broken ribs and three deep head wounds, he managed to free his leg and stagger towards the British lines.By a strange coincidence he came across the body of his good friend Captain Nolan; and lay down beside it. (Morris and Nolan had earlier exchanged the letters customary between friends before battle, promising to inform the other's loved ones should anything happen to them.) Once again, Morris lapsed into unconsciousness. An attempt was made by Turkish troops to recover the two men; but, as Russian fire rained down upon them, they abandoned it. A message was then sent to the 17th Lancers; and Sergeant-Major <mask> of the 17th Lancers (who had ridden in the charge, and had had his horse shot from under him) and Surgeon Mouat of the 6th Dragoons, set out under heavy fire to rescue the stricken Morris. After roughly dressing his wounds, they succeeded in returning to their lines. For this action both were to be awarded Britain's highest military honour, the Victoria Cross.Morris survived his wounds, and died four years later in India. Sergeant-Major <mask> was something of a character in the 17th Lancers. One night, returning to camp the worse for

masks:
Charles Wooden
Wooden


texts: wear after a drinking session, he was challenged by the sentry on guard duty, but could not remember the password. "'tish me", Wooden whispered in a slurred voice. "Who?" asked the sentry. "'tish me, 'tish me!"came the answer. Down came the sentry's lance as he demanded to know just which 'me' it was. By now in a temper, Wooden bellowed: "'tish me, the Devil". The sentry, now exercising his better judgement on recognising his Sergeant-Major retorted: "Pass, 'tish me the Devil!" From that moment the nickname stuck and for the remainder of his service with the 'Death or Glory Boys', <mask> remained "Tish me the Devil". <mask>, a German by birth, was not a popular man in the regiment possibly because of his odd demeanour and strong German accent. Even the award of his VC was controversial.At first he was not entered for the award although Dr Mouat was. <mask> wrote to Dr Mouat saying that if Mouat was to receive a VC then so should he as he had been at Mouat's side during the rescue of Lt Col Morris. Dr Mouat agreed, and wrote to the Horse Guards supporting <mask>'s claim. The reply to his letter reads: "His Royal Highness feels very unwilling to bring any further claim for the Victoria Cross for an act performed at so distant a period but as the decoration has been conferred on Dr James Mouat for the part he took in the rescue of Lt. Col. Morris and Sergeant-Major <mask> appears to have acted in a manner very honourable to him on the occasion and, by his gallantry, been equally instrumental in saving the life of this

masks: Wooden Wooden Wooden Wooden Wooden


texts:
 officer, His Royal Highness is induced to submit the case." <mask>'s VC was gazetted on 26 October 1858. His VC citation reads:

Wooden's other medal entitlements are the Crimea Medal (with bars Alma, Balaclava, Inkerman and Sebastopol), Turkish Medal, French War Medal and the Indian Mutiny Medal. Later service
He exchanged into the 6th Dragoons to become Quartermaster there (presumably with promotion to the rank of officer) in 1860, exchanged into the 5th Lancers in 1865, retired on half-pay in 1871, and was appointed Quartermaster of the 104th Regiment of Foot (Bengal Fusiliers) in 1872.On 14 April 1876 <mask> shot himself following a drinking session, having complained of severe head pains the previous week. An inquest recorded death by suicide due to temporary insanity. He was 47 years old and had served 30 years with the army. He is buried in St James's Cemetery, Dover. The Medal
His VC is on display in The Queen's Royal Lancers and Nottinghamshire Yeomanry Museum in Thoresby Park, Nottinghamshire. References

External links
 Location of grave and VC medal (Kent)

1829 births
1876 deaths
Crimean War recipients of the Victoria Cross
17th Lancers soldiers
6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons officers
5th Royal Irish Lancers officers
British Army personnel of the Crimean War
British military personnel of the Indian Rebellion of 1857
Suicides by firearm in England
Royal Munster Fusiliers officers
German emigrants to England
British Army recipients of the Victoria Cross
British military personnel who committed suicide
1870s

masks: Wooden Wooden


texts:
<mask><mask> (September 19, 1894 – January 2, 1975) was an eminent figure in the field of American and international library and information science. Recognized by the journal American Libraries as one of "100 of the most important leaders we had in the 20th century", and described as an "administrator, educator, and author ... known for his fairness, clarity, and grace", he was also widely known within the profession as "the father of the modern library movement in Australia and New Zealand". Early life
<mask> was born in Aurora, Illinois to Dr. Walter (a dentist) and Jennie W<mask>. He was raised in Colorado. He attendee Ohio State University Moritz College of Law from 1912 to 1913 where he was a member of Sigma Pi fraternity. He transferred to the University of Denver where he received both his bachelor of law degree from Sturm College of Law in 1915 and bachelor of arts degrees in 1917. He served in the United States Army from April 1917 to July 1919 in the 30th Ambulance Company.He served at Camp Dodge, Iowa from September 1917 to July 1918 and became a sergeant. He served in the headquarters of the 88th Infantry Division of the American Expeditionary Forces from August 1918 to July 1919 and served in Sorbonne, Paris from February to July 1919, He became a master hospital sergeant. After his military service, he received his Bachelor of Library Science degree from New York State Library School at Albany in 1921. Thereafter, worked as a librarian at the Seattle Public Library in Washington state and later at the Flint Public Library in Michigan, before finally accepting the position of Director of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, from 1928–1964, during which time he also served as Director, then Dean, of the Carnegie Library School of Carnegie Institute of Technology. Professional career
The highlights of Munn's contributions to his field during his tenure as Director of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh can be summarized chiefly as the perpetration of the idea of the public library as "educational, informational, and cultural", the expansion and

masks:
Ralph W
. Munn
Munn
. Munn


texts:
 unification of library services, and his influence in establishing an American-modeled library system and professional librarianship in Australia and New Zealand. Controversial policy
Munn's view of the library as "educational, informational, and cultural" sparked controversy. His preference for a high-quality collection over popularly requested materials led to a "revised book selection policy that sharply defined and limited the purchase of 'light, recreational fiction' and effectively eliminated the acquisition of books that he categorized as 'shopping bag fiction'."This choice significantly benefited the reputation of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, but brought into question problematic and complex issues that still affect the field today, e.g., neutrality in acquisitions, the role of the librarian in acquiring popular vs. "educational" or "literary" materials, etc. Expansion and unification of library services
Munn "expressed grave concern over the great masses without ready access to public library services", reaching out in particular to young people and rural areas through bookmobile services and free borrowing privileges. He was also lauded for his role in the 1956 merger of the Carnegie Free Library of Allegheny and the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh. However, Munn's role in expanding and unifying library services was also not without criticism. One critic of Munn's 1936 pamphlet Conditions and Trends in Education for Librarianship contended that Munn, at that time considered a progressive in the field, essentially was too conservative in his views on limiting advanced technical training for graduate school librarians, making the point that "as long as he [Munn] limits library training ... to contemporary library practices and existing library forms, he definitely omits consideration of the non-serviced areas and groups." In future writings, however, Munn seemed to look beyond the historical limitations of the library system into a present and future rapidly changing due to technological innovations. In a 1954 essay, he acknowledged that "the


texts:
 large library must have some staff members whose expertness in personnel management, public relations, audio-visual materials and equipment, adult education, and the public school curriculum is far more important than absorption in purely cultural interests."In addition to his revised views on the training and role of librarians, the essay brought into question the role of books and libraries themselves in the lives of the changing public. Indeed, if the following passage were altered to reflect 21st century technology terminology, <mask> would seem to be speaking directly to today's librarians:

With entertainment and information available in every man's living room by the mere turning of a knob, or at the nearest newsstand at modest cost, there is little incentive for the casual reader to go to a somewhat distant library for a book. The librarian can no longer win success for his library by simply providing a stack of readable books. Work in Australia and New Zealand
In 1934, <mask> was commissioned by the Carnegie Corporation of New York to conduct a survey of public libraries in Australia and New Zealand, which he did in conjunction with Ernest Pitt, then Chief Librarian of the Public Library of Victoria. The resulting Munn-Pitt Report had a major impact in Australia. In an article published in the Australian Library Journal evaluating the survey's impact, the author states that "the key recommendations of the <mask>-Pitt report were easily identified by its lay readers:  1. to establish tax-supported municipal 'free libraries';  and 2. to strengthen and extend librarianship by professionalizing the training and registration of librarians." <mask> certainly did his part to assist in the latter recommendation, drafting a number of young Australian professionals to work in American libraries and assisting them however possible.One such librarian recalled <mask> in a positive light, saying, "Not only did he make places on his staff available, he also took a personal interest in each Australian 'incumbent', ensuring that, at all times, they were treated in

masks: Munn Munn Munn Munn Munn


texts:
 the same way as their American colleagues, in such matters as salary and staff activities." The assistance of these predominantly female librarians also brings into focus an uncannily prescient viewpoint that Munn established in an aptly titled Library Journal essay, "It Is a Mistake to Recruit Men". Just after World War II, there was a great increase in men looking for jobs, and <mask> was of the opinion that in the case of jobs in the library field, these men were "simply looking for a secure and not too difficult job." Recruiting men into the field, continued Munn, would
operate against the profession, both by filling it with men of mediocre caliber and by discouraging the entrance of superior women ... Throughout the predictable future, it is sure to be mainly a woman's occupation. It should, therefore, be kept attractive to the ablest of women. Legacy
<mask>'s tenure at the Carnegie Public Library ended upon his October 1, 1964 retirement.He died in Pittsburgh on January 2, 1975. In recognition of his authorship and outreach and development of services directed at young people, the annual "Ralph Munn Creative Writing Contest" has been established in his name at the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh. Honors and accomplishments
In his career, Munn earned a number of honors, including:
Pennsylvania Library Association President, 1930–31
American Library Association President, 1939–40
Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws, 1940, University of Pittsburgh
Distinguished Service Award, 1959, Pennsylvania Library Association
Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws, 1960, Waynesburg College in Pennsylvania
Director Emeritus, 1964, Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh

References

1894 births
1975 deaths
American librarians
Presidents of the American Library Association
University of Denver alumni
Carnegie Mellon University faculty
New York State Library School alumni
Ohio State University Moritz College of Law alumni
United States Army non-commissioned officers
United States Army personnel of World War I
People from Pittsburgh
People from Aurora, Illinois
Sturm College of Law

masks: Munn Munn


texts:
<mask> or Markesinis (; 22 April 1909 – 4 January 2000) was a Greek politician, longtime member of the Hellenic Parliament, and briefly the Prime Minister of Greece during the aborted attempt at democratization of the Greek military regime in 1973. Early political life
<mask> was born in Athens, a scion of an old wealthy family of Santorini, who were at some time given the title marchesini (i.e., "little Marquesses") during Venetian rule. He earned degrees in Law and Political Science at the University of Athens, and entered private law practice. In 1936, he was appointed counsel to King George II, a capacity in which he served until 1946. The outbreak of World War II and Greece's occupation by Nazi Germany forced the king to flee the country, while Markezinis remained to fight as part of the resistance militias. Markezinis was elected in the Parliament (the ) during the 1946 elections as a member of the United Nationalist Party from the Cyclades. Shortly thereafter, he left the party and founded the New Party, the second of many parties under which he would serve.The New Party won 2.5% of the vote in the 1950 parliamentary elections, enough to for a single seat (Andreas Stratos) in the new parliament. Economic reform
In 1949, <mask> was appointed Minister Without Portfolio, but was effectively assigned control over the government's economic policy, coordinating the activities of the various economic ministries. Upon the election of long-time ally Marshal Alexandros Papagos as Prime Minister in 1952, <mask>'s effective position as minister of finance was further strengthened. In April, 1953, Markezinis orchestrated a 50% devaluation of the drachma vis-à-vis the US dollar, concurrently curbing import restrictions. Markezinis’s effective monetary policies are credited for boosting exports and consumer demand, as well as for curtailing inflation and the balance of trade deficit. Markezinis was considered at the time as a possible successor in the party leadership and premiership in the event of Marshal Papagos's retirement.

masks:
Spyridon Markezinis
Spyros Markezinis
Markezinis
Markezinis


texts:
 Later parliamentary positions
Papagos died in 1955.He was succeeded by neither Markezinis (whose relations with the Marshal had become tense) nor by other heirs apparent (such as Panagiotis Kanellopoulos nor Stephanos Stephanopoulos), but by Konstantinos Karamanlis, a junior minister who was appointed by King Paul to form a new government. Karamanlis managed to gather the support of nearly all the MPs of Marshal Papagos's party, and eventually formed the conservative National Radical Union (ERE). In the same year, Markezinis founded the Progressive Party, but failed to win seats in the 1956 elections. <mask>’s Party eventually won a seat in parliament in the 1958 elections. In 1961, he was re-elected in coalition with the Center Union, as well as in 1964, in coalition with the National Radical Union. Years of political turmoil ensued, and culminated in a military coup on 21 April 1967, orchestrated by Georgios Papadopoulos, which resulted in a 7-year military regime. Premiership under the dictatorship

In 1973, the predominantly royalist Hellenic Navy staged an abortive attempt to overthrow the military regime.Junta strongman George Papadopoulos retaliated by deposing the already self-exiled King Constantine II, and appointing himself President of the Republic further to a controversial referendum. In face of growing difficulties with the economy, popular dissent and increasing diplomatic isolation, the Greek junta was seeking ways for a transition to some form of parliamentary rule. Papadopoulos sought support from the old political establishment, and Markezinis accepted to undertake the mission to help lead the country back to parliamentary rule in a process that was called metapolitefsi. In September 1973, he was appointed by Papadopoulos Prime Minister of Greece, with the task to lead Greece to parliamentary rule. He accepted the task, subject to a commitment by Papadopoulos to curtail any military interference. Papadopoulos proceeded to abolish martial law, and eased censorship of the press. Free elections were


texts: promised, in which political formations including part of the traditional left-of-centre were expected to participate.However, the Communist Party of Greece (KKE), banned since the civil war, and United Democratic Left (EDA), the party which mostly fronted for KKE during the years of democratic rule, were not expected to be re-legitimised nor allowed to participate. In any case, most leading politicians of the old guard, including Karamanlis, Andreas Papandreou, Panagiotis Kanellopoulos and Georgios Mavros, with the exception of former MP and exile Pavlos Vardinogiannis, condemned the attempt at Metapolitefsi by Papadopoulos and Markezinis, and refused to participate in any contacts with the ruling junta, insisting on an unconditional and immediate reinstatement of democratic rule. In November 1973, the Athens Polytechnic uprising broke out. The student uprising is generally believed to have been spontaneous, started with purely student demands at first, and not orchestrated by any political groups in Greece. (Initially, it was condemned by the parties of the Greek Left, which had been banned by the ruling junta. There were suspicions at the time that the uprising was an act of provocation orchestrated by factions within the military regime opposed to the process of political normalization and would use the uprising to derail it.) The student protests in front of the Polytechnic, within a few days, evolved into a clearly political, quite vocal and rather widespread, albeit peaceful, rebellion against the dictatorship.After approximately three days and nights of continuous mass gatherings in front of the Polytechnic, the protests were put down by force, through the use of tanks and army units which stormed the building during the night of November 17. On November 25, 1973, Taxiarkhos Dimitrios Ioannides used the events as a pretext to stage a countercoup that overthrew Papadopoulos, and put a dramatic end to Papadopoulos and Markezinis' attempt for a transition to democratic rule. Ioannidis arrested Markezinis, cancelled the


texts:
 elections, and fully reinstated martial law. His regime in turn crumbled in July 1974, after the coup against Makarios III by the Greek junta of Ioannidis which led to the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. Markezinis would subsequently point out that his participation in the political normalization attempted by Papadopoulos aimed precisely at avoiding such a "national catastrophe". The restoration of democracy
Markezinis was involved in the negotiations in July 1974 that led to the return of democratic government under Karamanlis's national unity government. Markezinis's Progressive Party remained an active political party, albeit a small one, whose main success consisted of electing a delegate to the European parliament in 1981.Markezinis spent his latter years writing his memoirs and on the political history of contemporary Greece. Legacy
Markezinis died in Athens. His tenure as Prime Minister of Greece under the Junta remains controversial. Some praise his willingness to undertake the daunting, quixotic, and ultimately unsuccessful task of restoring parliamentary rule in a smooth and bloodless manner in 1973. Others feel that Markezinis lost all credibility as a politician by accepting a political appointment by dictator Georgios Papadopoulos. Markezinis is, however, almost universally acclaimed for his successful economic reforms in the 1950s, and for his prolific historical publications, which include the multi-volume The Political History of Modern Greece. See also
 Basil Markesinis

1909 births
2000 deaths
20th-century prime ministers of Greece
20th-century Greek lawyers
Politicians from Athens
United Alignment of Nationalists politicians
New Party (Greece, 1947) politicians
Greek Rally politicians
Progressive Party (Greece) politicians
Prime Ministers of Greece
Government ministers of Greece
Greek MPs 1946–1950
Greek MPs 1951–1952
Greek MPs 1952–1956
Leaders of the Greek junta
Greek Resistance members
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens alumni
Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal


texts:
<mask> (born in Durban, South Africa) is an artist working mainly with installations. He is living and working in the United States. <mask> is considered one of the most prominent exponents of the South African arts diaspora in the Northeastern USA. Life
<mask> studied fine arts at the Technikon Natal in Durban, where he graduated with a Master of Arts in 1999. During his studies he got to know his future wife, an American, and together they moved to the US later on. Today, <mask> is working as a visiting professor at the department for sculpture and extended media at the Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Virginia. While still living in South Africa, <mask> was founding member of the FLAT Gallery (1993–1995) within the context of an artists' initiative.<mask>'s works were exhibited at the 2nd Johannesburg Biennale as part of the exhibition "Graft".he hasn't talked mostly about his private life in public life His works are part of many collections in- and outside of South Africa, including the collections of the Durban Art Gallery, the Guggenheim Museum in New York City and the Standard Bank Collection. Work philosophy
<mask> <mask> is a passionate collector and archivist of South African ephemera, which he uses to create large-scale visual and informational installations. Accordingly, these works are entitled "collection projects" and primarily explore the concept of creating identity through distance and the image of South Africa in general. For his installations, <mask> systematically accumulates mass-produced printed materials, which he catalogues and exhibits. The working process thus is similar to the one of an archivist. As a

masks:
Siemon Allen
Allen
Siemon Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Siemon
Allen
Allen


texts:
 South African living abroad, <mask> is especially interested in exploring and understanding how a country is seen from outside and what is the country's role in building this image. In the early 2000s he came across a website of the South African government that strongly advertised an appeal for positive branding-politics outside of the country as well as for the recruitment of non-governmental South Africans living abroad to act as "ambassadors" for the country.<mask>'s installations both debunk this essentialist thought of a South African "brand" and contribute to it. <mask>'s actual project is about the creation of a vast, internet-based archive of audio-documents regarding the South African history. The exhibition which resulted from this archive was called "Records" and was shown in South Africa in 2009 and in the US in 2010. Exhibitions

Solo (selection)

 2010 Imaging South Africa: Collection Projects by <mask> <mask>, Anderson Gallery, VCU, Richmond, VA, USA
 2009 Imaging South Africa: Records, BANK Gallery, Durban, South Africa
 2005 Cards II, FUSEBOX, Washington, DC, USA
 2004 Newspapers (Register), Drake University – Anderson Gallery, Des Moines, IA, USA
 2002 Newspapers (Post/Times), FUSEBOX, Washington, DC, USA
 2001 STAMP COLLECTION – Imaging South Africa, Hemicycle/Corcoran Museum, Washington, DC, USA
 1999 House, Gallery 400, Chicago, IL, USA
 1994 Songs for Nella, FLAT Gallery, Durban, South Africa

Group (selection)

 2011 Desire, Ideal Narrative in Contemporary South African Art, South African Pavilion, 54. Biennale von Venedig, Venedig, Italy
 2010 Records, The Gordon Schachat Collection — Featured Artist, Johannesburg Art

masks: Allen Allen Allen Siemon Allen


texts:
 Fair, South Africa
 2009 t.error – your fear is an external object, Hungarian Cultural Center, New York, NY, USA
 2008 Disturbance – Contemporary Art from Scandinavia and South Africa, Johannesburg Art Gallery, South Africa
 2008 T.ERROR, Kunsthalle, Budapest, Hungary
 2008 Hopeless and Otherwise, curated by Valerie Imus, Southern Exposure, San Francisco, USA
 2006 A Fiction of Authenticity: Contemporary Africa Abroad, Blaffer Gallery, Houston, TX, USA
 2006 Other Than Art, G Fine Art, Washington, DC, USA
 2005 Enemy Image, Brooklyn, NY, USA
 2004 Freedom Salon, New York, NY, USA
 2004 Notes on Renewed Appropriationisms, The Project, Los Angeles, CA, USA
 2004 Rear View Mirror, Kettle’s Yard, Cambridge, UK
 2004 A Fiction of Authenticity: Contemporary Africa Abroad, Miller Gallery, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
 2003 The American Effect, Whitney Museum, New York, NY, USA
 2003 Art Positions, Miami/Basel, Miami, FL, USA
 2003 ARCO, Madrid, Spain
 2002 Context & Conceptualism, Artists Space. New York, NY, USA
 2002 Intersections, RMIT Gallery, Melbourne, Australia
 2001 After the Diagram, White Box, New York, NY, USA
 2000 Open Circuit, NSA Gallery, Durban, South Africa
 1999 Import, Goethe Institute (two-person with Markus Wirthmann), Washington, DC
 1998 Drömmar och Moln, Kulturhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
 1997 Taking Stock, Johannesburg Stock Exchange, South Africa
 1997 2nd Johannesburg Biennale, Graft, South African National Gallery, Kapstadt, South Africa
 1996 Hitch-Hiker, Generator Art Space, Johannesburg, South Africa
 1995 Rembrandt Gallery (three-person with Thomas Barry and Jeremy Wafer), Johannesburg, South Africa


texts:
 1994 Vita Art Now 93, Johannesburg Art Gallery, South Africa
 1993 Institute of Contemporary Art (ICA) (two person with Greg Streak), Johannesburg, South Africa

Bibliography

 Anderson Gallery (Drake University). Siemon Allen – Newspapers: a project by Siemon Allen.Anderson Gallery, Drake University, 2004. <mask>, <mask>. <mask> <mask> – A fiction of authenticity: contemporary Africa abroad. Contemporary Art Museum St. Louis, 2003. <mask>, <mask>. <mask> <mask> – <mask> <mask>, 1993–1999, 1999. <mask>, <mask>.<mask> <mask> – The Flat Gallery: a documentation and critical examinination of an informal art organisation in Durban. Flat International, 1999. References

External links
  <mask> <mask>'s homepage
  Electric Jive, where <mask> <mask> is part of a team blogging about South African music
  flatinternational, <mask> <mask>'s archive of South African audio
  article on Artsouthafrica.com
  article on Bizcommunity.whatson.co.za
  artist's portfolio on Arts.vcu.edu
  article in the German Monopol Magazin
  article on the blog Esterknows.com
  article on mahala.co.za
  article in Artforum (2004)

Living people
South African contemporary artists
South African installation artists
Conceptual artists
Year of birth missing (living

masks: Allen Siemon Siemon Allen Allen Siemon Siemon Allen Siemon Allen Allen Siemon Siemon Allen Siemon Allen Siemon Allen Siemon Allen


texts:
<mask> "A. J.<mask> (born December 16, 1981) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 16 Chevrolet Camaro for Kaulig Racing, as well as part-time in the NASCAR Cup Series driving the No. 16 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for Kaulig Racing. <mask>'s professional racing career began on the American open-wheel circuit.He earned five wins and third place overall in the 2006 Champ Car season. <mask>dinger then began competing in NASCAR for Team Red Bull. He later drove for Richard Petty Motorsports, Penske Racing, Phoenix Racing, and JTG Daugherty Racing in the Cup Series. When he lost his full-time Cup Series ride with JTGD in 2019 to Ryan Preece, he became a part-time driver for Kaulig in the Xfinity Series and part-time television broadcaster for NBC, working as a color commentator for IMSA races and an analyst on NASCAR America until 2021 when he returned to driving full-time. Moreover, he has competed in the 24 Hours of Daytona for Michael Shank's team in 15 of the last 17 years, winning the event in 2012. He is nicknamed "The Dinger". Early career
<mask>dinger started his racing career at the age of five, racing BMX bikes.He advanced to quarter-midgets on ovals on the West Coast by the time he was eight, and within a few years, he began racing karts, winning two International Kart Federation Grand National championships. <mask>dinger participated in the Formula Dodge National Championship in 2001, which earned him a spot in the Barber Dodge Pro Series championship in 2002, a championship he won. He also

masks:
Anthony James
" Allmendinger
Allmendinger
Allmen
Allmen
Allmen


texts:
 raced in New Zealand in 2002 in the New Zealand Formula Ford Championship. In 2003, he was signed to Carl Russo's RuSPORT team and won the Champ Car Atlantic Championship, winning nine pole positions and seven races. American open-wheel racing

2004–06: RuSPORT

On February 29, 2004, <mask>mendinger and RuSPORT entered the Champ Car World Series, with <mask> <mask>. joining Allmendinger. Red Bull also signed <mask>dinger as a member of their family of athletes. He scored a run of six top-six finishes towards the end of the season and won the Roshfrans Rookie-of-the-Year Award ahead of <mask>.Wilson joined the team for 2005, with both drivers having been in regular contention for podium finishes. 2006: Multiple wins with Forsythe
On June 9, 2006, RuSPORT announced that <mask>mendinger would be replaced by 2002 CART champion Cristiano da Matta. Team owner Russo stated: "A.J. has been with us since we created RuSPORT late in 2002...However, as RuSPORT and A.J. have progressed, we believe a different environment will help A.J. to grow even faster, and so we have made this very difficult decision." Russo also believed a former champion in da Matta would present a greater opponent for defending champion Sébastien Bourdais, who had swept the season's first four races.Five days later, Forsythe Championship Racing announced <mask> as their new driver, replacing Mario Domínguez. In his first race with Forsythe, <mask> won the Grand Prix of Portland. <mask> became the first American to win a Champ Car World Series event since Ryan Hunter-Reay won at the Milwaukee Mile in 2004. He then

masks:
All
Michel Jourdain
Jr
Allmen
Justin Wilson
All
Allmendinger
Allmendinger
Allmendinger


texts:
 won the next two races at the Grand Prix of Cleveland and the Grand Prix of Toronto, giving him three consecutive victories in the first three races since his departure from RuSPORT. This victory moved <mask> into second place in the CCWS championship standings behind Bourdais. He earned his fourth and fifth wins of the season at Denver and Road America. He left Champ Car with one race left in the season to accept a lucrative offer from NASCAR's Red Bull Racing Team.In 2007, <mask>mendinger commented that a lack of marketing and sponsorship due to the CART-IRL split played a role in him and several other open-wheel drivers moving to NASCAR, adding "it needs to be one series. To have all the best open-wheel drivers on this continent racing against each other, you'd hopefully get some sponsors back and get a decent TV package." 2013: Return to IndyCar with Team Penske
It was reported in late 2012 that <mask>mendinger could move to the now-unified IndyCar Series with Michael Shank Racing, which he co-owned, for the 2013 season. This failed to materialize; instead, he participated in IndyCar's winter testing at Sebring with Team Penske, and in March it was announced that <mask>dinger would compete in the IndyCar series for the team in at least two races, at Barber Motorsports Park and at the 2013 Indianapolis 500, with the goal of adding more races later in the season. This was extended to include the Long Beach Grand Prix, the Chevy Indy Dual in Detroit, and the season finale at Fontana. NASCAR

2006: Stock car debut

<mask>dinger made his NASCAR debut in the Craftsman Truck

masks: Allmendinger All All Allmen Allmen


texts:
 Series driving for Bill Davis Racing at New Hampshire International Speedway on September 16, 2006, in the No. 24 Toyota Tundra.He crashed his primary truck in qualifying but started the race 32nd in a backup truck from teammate Bill Lester and finished on the lead lap in 13th. He also competed at the Talladega Superspeedway in October with a finish of fifth. In his third career truck series start, he qualified in second place at Atlanta and led five laps before he wrecked and finished 34th. Red Bull officially announced <mask>dinger as part of its 2007 Nextel Cup Series driver lineup on October 25, 2006. He attempted his first Cup Series event at Atlanta in October 2006 driving the No. 84 Red Bull Dodge Charger; however, due to qualifying being rained out, a lack of owner's points prevented <mask>dinger from making the race. He also attempted to make the race at Texas Motor Speedway, failing to qualify again.2007–2008: Red Bull
Allmendinger and Brian Vickers were named Red Bull's drivers for 2007, with <mask>dinger piloting the team's No. 84 Toyota Camry with Vickers in the team's No. 83. <mask>dinger failed to qualify for the 2007 Daytona 500 after a crash in the first Gatorade Duel race. He also failed to qualify for the next three races before making his first Cup start at the fifth race of the season, the Food City 500 at Bristol. As the season progressed, <mask>dinger made a handful of races, predominantly in the "Car of Tomorrow". <mask>dinger failed to qualify in 19 races that season.To assist him in the transition to stock cars, he participated in selected Craftsman

masks: Allmen Allmen Allmen Allmen Allmen Allmen


texts:
 Truck Series races in a Toyota for the Darrell Waltrip Motorsports organization, and in the No. 42 Memorex/Chip Ganassi Dodge in the Busch Series. <mask>dinger again failed to qualify for the 2008 Daytona 500. After three failures to qualify in two attempts (qualifying for the second race of the season, Fontana, was rained out and set by 2007 owner's points), he was replaced by veteran driver Mike Skinner temporarily. <mask>dinger returned to the Cup Series at Talladega. On May 17, he won the Sprint Showdown at Lowe's Motor Speedway during NASCAR's annual All-Star weekend. The win qualified <mask>dinger for the Sprint All-Star Race later that evening, where he finished 17th.Due to Allmendinger's 11th-place finish at Watkins Glen, for the first time in his career, he had a guaranteed starting spot for the next race. He had his best career finish at the time at Kansas Speedway coming in ninth, but was released from the team two days later. He was replaced for the rest of the season by Scott Speed and Skinner. <mask>dinger raced with for Michael Waltrip Racing for 1 race in the no. 00 and Evernham Motorsports for the last 5 races in the no. 10. <mask>dinger posted 2 top 10's and improved in making races by only failing to qualify for just the first 3 races.2008–2011: Richard Petty Motorsports
After signing a one-race contract with Michael Waltrip Racing, Allmendinger replaced fellow former open-wheel star Patrick Carpentier at Gillett Evernham Motorsports, scoring an average finish of 15.4th over five races in the team's No. 10 Valvoline Dodge. During the offseason, as part of

masks: Allmen Allmen Allmen Allmen Allmen


texts: the merger between GEM and Petty Enterprises, Allmendinger was to move to the No. 19 Best Buy Dodge replacing Elliott Sadler. However, Sadler was still under contract for the 2010 season and announced he would file suit against <mask>mendinger and the organization. In early January 2009, Richard Petty Motorsports announced a settlement where Sadler would remain in the No. 19 and <mask>mendinger would return to his 2008 team, which was renumbered 44.However, Valvoline did not commit to sponsoring the team full-time and they were forced to race without full-time sponsorship. <mask>mendinger's team ended the 2008 season 36th in owner's points, meaning it did not have exemptions for the first five races of 2009. The retro-styled Valvoline 44 raced its way into the Daytona 500, and third in his Daytona 500 debut, also his personal best, and is the fourth-best Daytona 500 debut behind Lee Petty in the 1959 Daytona 500, Scott Wimmer in the 2004 Daytona 500 and Trevor Bayne in the 2011 Daytona 500. <mask>dinger was one of two go-or-go-home drivers (the other being Tony Stewart, but Stewart had the past champion's provisional available) to successfully attempt the first five races of the 2009 season. At 1:27 am on October 29, 2009, <mask>dinger was arrested for drunk driving by Mooresville, North Carolina police. He registered a .08 blood alcohol level according to a police report. NASCAR placed him on probation for the rest of the 2009 season.<mask>dinger drove a Ford Fusion in the final three races of the season as part of RPM's transition from Dodge to Ford. During the offseason,

masks: All All All Allmen Allmen Allmen


texts:
 <mask> replaced Reed Sorenson in the team's famous No. 43 car. He collected two top-fives, eight top-10s, and a pole position in 2010, and finished 19th in the final standings. After finishing 11th in the 2011 Daytona 500, <mask>er started the season 10th in points driving the No. 43 Ford sponsored by Best Buy. <mask>er continued to have a career-best year in 2011 with 10 top-10 finishes and an average finish of 16th.He finished the 2011 regular season contending for a wild card spot in the Chase for the Sprint Cup but came up just short. Three races before setting the field for the Chase, RPM put former Roush Fenway Racing crew chief Greg Erwin on the pit box starting at the 2011 Brickyard 400. <mask>dinger and Erwin recorded six top-10 finishes after their pairing. <mask>dinger finished the 2011 season a career-best 15th in the points. <mask>dinger also announced that he would have a partnership stake in Mike Shank's IndyCar team MSR Indy. 2012: Team Penske, suspension

At the end of the 2011 season, <mask>dinger left Richard Petty Motorsports when the driving spot for Penske Racing's No. 22 Shell/Pennzoil Dodge became open after the parting ways of Kurt Busch and Penske.Before his suspension, his best finish was a second at Martinsville Speedway. After failing a random drug test on July 7, 2012, <mask>er was suspended from participation in the Coke Zero 400. Steve O'Donnell, NASCAR's senior vice president for racing operations, said that <mask>mendinger had up to 72 hours to request a B test sample. The next day, Penske said before the Honda Indy Toronto race that

masks: Allmendinger Allmending Allmending Allmen Allmen Allmen Allmen Allmending All


texts:
 <mask>mendinger's B sample would be tested on Monday or Tuesday. <mask>mendinger requested a B sample test on July 9. On July 11, 2012, Allmendinger's camp said a stimulant caused the positive drug test. The B sample test had not yet been scheduled at that time.On July 24, it was announced by NASCAR that <mask> was suspended indefinitely after the B sample tested positive for a banned stimulant, which was revealed to be amphetamine. He chose to participate in the Road to Recovery program. On August 1, he was released from his contract by Penske Racing. <mask>er was replaced in the No. 22 by Sam Hornish<mask>.; he later stated that the cause of the positive test was <mask> that he had unknowingly taken, being told it was an "energy pill". <mask>er was reinstated by NASCAR on September 18 after completing the Road to Recovery program. In October 2012, <mask> returned to NASCAR at Charlotte Motor Speedway, driving for Phoenix Racing, substituting for Phoenix's intended driver Regan Smith, who had been hired by Hendrick Motorsports to drive the No.88 for Charlotte and Kansas while Dale Earnhardt<mask>. was sidelined with a concussion. 2013: Nationwide success, part-time in Cup

On June 1, 2013, Roger Penske announced that <mask>dinger would drive for his team at Road America and the Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course. In his first race of the season, the Johnsonville Sausage 200 on June 22, he won after winning the pole position and leading 29 laps, which was the most of any driver. At Mid-Ohio in August, <mask>dinger dominated the race, saving fuel through a green-white-checkered finish

masks:
All
All
Allmendinger
Allmending
, Jr
Adderall
Allmending
Allmendinger
, Jr
Allmen
Allmen


texts:
 to win and sweep the year's Nationwide Series road-course races for Penske Racing. Sprint Cup Series
<mask>dinger drove part-time for Phoenix Racing in the No. 51 Chevrolet in the Sprint Cup Series. He had several strong finishes in the first part of the season: 11th at Phoenix, 13th at Bristol, 16th at Fontana, and 14th at Richmond.His first finish worse than 20th was at Pocono, where he finished 33rd. Afterward, <mask> moved to the No. 47 Toyota at JTG Daugherty Racing in place of Bobby Labonte for two races, with a 19th-place finish at Michigan and 22nd-place finish at Kentucky. At Daytona, <mask>er returned to the No. 51 and was running near the top-ten for almost the entire night until lap 148, when he was part of a wreck in the tri-oval with Denny Hamlin, <mask>, Matt Kenseth, and David Reutimann, reducing <mask>dinger to a 35th-place finish. Returning to the No. 47 at Watkins Glen, <mask>er had another breakout run, qualifying fourth, and running in the top fifteen for most of the day, finishing in 10th place.On August 29, 2013, the Sporting News reported that <mask>er would be the full-time driver for JTG Daugherty Racing in 2014. This was confirmed a month later with Allmendinger signing a multi-year deal with the team. 2014: Breakthrough Cup victory
<mask>mendinger had a few poor opening races, but did well at Fontana, recovering from a late speeding penalty to finish eighth, as well as having top-tens at Richmond and Talladega. At Sonoma, <mask>dinger qualified on the front row with <mask>. <mask>er led the most laps and was in position to possibly earn his first

masks:
Allmen
Allmendinger
Allmending
Jeff Gordon
Allmen
Allmending
Allmending
All
Allmen
Jamie McMurray
Allmending