texts:
<mask> (October 1, 1914 – February 28, 2004) was an American historian at the University of Chicago who wrote on many topics in American and world history. He was appointed the twelfth Librarian of the United States Congress in 1975 and served until 1987. He was instrumental in the creation of the Center for the Book at the Library of Congress. Repudiating his youthful membership in the Communist Party while a Harvard undergraduate (1938–39), <mask> became a political conservative and a prominent exponent of consensus history. He argued in The Genius of American Politics (1953) that ideology, propaganda, and political theory are foreign to America. His writings were often linked with such historians as Richard Hofstadter, Louis Hartz and Clinton Rossiter as a proponent of the "consensus school", which emphasized the unity of the American people and downplayed class and social conflict. <mask> especially praised inventors and entrepreneurs as central to the American success story.Biography
<mask> was born in 1914, in Atlanta, Georgia, into a Jewish family. His father, Samuel, was a lawyer who participated in the defense of Leo Frank, a Jewish factory superintendent who was accused and convicted of the rape and murder of a 13-year-old girl. After Frank's 1915 lynching led to a surge of anti-Semitic sentiment in Georgia, the family moved to Tulsa, Oklahoma, where <mask> was raised. He graduated from Tulsa's Central High School in 1930, at the age of 15. Although Samuel wanted his son to go to the University of Oklahoma, become an attorney and join his own law firm, <mask> wanted to go to Harvard Law School. He graduated with highest honors (summa cum laude) from Harvard in 1937, studied at Balliol College, Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar, receiving BA and BCL degrees. The American National Biography Online states that he joined the Communist Party in 1938, then left it in 1939, when Russia and Germany invaded Poland.In 1940,

masks:
Daniel Joseph Boorstin
Boorstin
Boorstin
Boorstin
Boorstin
Daniel


type: original

texts: he earned an SJD degree at Yale University. While an undergraduate at Harvard, <mask> became part of the Communist Party; he then moved away from his earlier leftist views. In 1953, after being subpoenaed by the House Un-American Activities Committee, <mask> became a cooperating witness, and gave the committee the names of other Party members in his cell. His lectures were later boycotted by some students due to his testimony to the HUAC. <mask> was hired as an assistant professor at Swarthmore College in 1942, where he stayed for two years. In 1944, he was hired by the University of Chicago, where he was a professor for 25 years. He was the Pitt Professor of American History and Institutions at the University of Cambridge in 1964.He served as director and senior historian of the National Museum of History and Technology of the Smithsonian Institution (now known as the National Museum of American History, Behring Center) from 1973 to 1975. President Gerald Ford nominated <mask> to be Librarian of Congress, in 1975. On April 9, 1941, he married a Wellesley College graduate, Ruth Carolyn Frankel (1917–2013). She quickly became his partner and editor for his first book, The Mysterious Science of the Law, published in the same year. <mask>, with Ruth as his collaborator,  wrote more than 20 books, including two major trilogies, one on the American experience and the other on world intellectual history. The Americans: The Democratic Experience, the final book in the first trilogy, received the 1974 Pulitzer Prize in history. <mask>'s second trilogy, The Discoverers, The Creators and The Seekers, examines the scientific, artistic and philosophic histories of humanity, respectively.In his “Author’s Note” for The Daniel J. Boorstin Reader (Modern Library, 1995), he wrote, “Essential to my life and work as a writer was my marriage in 1941 to Ruth Frankel who has ever since been my companion and editor for all my books.” Her

masks: Boorstin Boorstin Boorstin Boorstin Boorstin Boorstin


texts:
 obituary in The Washington Post (December 6, 2013) quotes <mask> as saying, “Without her, I think my works would have been twice as long and half as readable.”

Within the discipline of social theory, <mask>'s 1961 book The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-events in America is an early description of aspects of American life that were later termed hyperreality and postmodernity. In The Image, <mask> describes shifts in American culture – mainly due to advertising – where the reproduction or simulation of an event becomes more important or "real" than the event itself. He goes on to coin the term pseudo-event, which describes events or activities that serve little to no purpose other than to be reproduced through advertisements or other forms of publicity. This book also describes the type of false stories that came to be called "fake news" in the 2010s. The idea of pseudo-events anticipates later work by <mask> and Guy Debord. The work is an often-used text in American sociology courses, and <mask>'s concerns about the social effects of technology remain influential. <mask> has been credited with saying, "Ideas need no passports from their place of origin, nor visas for the countries they enter... We, the librarians of the world, are servants of an indivisible world ... Books and ideas make a boundless world."When President Ford nominated <mask> to be Librarian of Congress in 1975, the nomination was supported by the Authors Guild but opposed by liberals, who objected to his perceived conservatism and his opposition to the social revolution of the late 1960s and early 1970s. He was attacked by the American Library Association because <mask> "was not a library administrator". The Senate confirmed the nomination without debate. <mask> retired in 1987, saying that he wanted to do full-time writing. He died of pneumonia February 28, 2004, in Washington D.C. He was survived by Ruth, his three sons, Paul, <mask> and David, six

masks:
Boorstin
Boorstin
Boorstin
Jean Baudrillard
Boorstin
Boorstin
Boorstin
Boorstin
Boorstin
Jonathan


texts:
 grandchildren and three great-grandchildren. David Levy, a history professor at the University of Oklahoma, said humorously in one of his lectures after <mask>'s death: "One can only imagine what he might have achieved, if he had only listened to his father’s advice about where to go to college."<mask>'s approach to history

Professor Levy delivered a lecture about <mask> in April 2014 at an Oklahoma University event, the President's Day of Learning. He had several observations about <mask>'s approach to American history that seem to explain why many contemporary historians opposed his appointment to head the Library of Congress. According to Levy:
 <mask> believed that the main points of American history were made by what the people agreed upon, rather than what they fought over. He emphasized continuities in history, rather than radical changes. He distrusted doctrinaire thinking; his writings minimized the role of pure thinkers and emphasized the role of problem solvers. He was conservative in politics and his approach to culture, and was revolted by what he saw as vulgarities in American life and advertising. He observed the transformative power of seemingly mundane cultural advances as air conditioning, telephones, catalog shopping, canned food and typewriters.Impact on the Library of Congress

<mask>. Cole, in the obituary of <mask> he wrote for the American Antiquarian, credited <mask> with bringing new intellectual energy to the Library of Congress (LOC), opening the institution to, "the public, to scholars, and to new constituencies. In 1976, <mask> held a press conference to announce that he had discovered the contents of President Lincoln's pockets when he was assassinated in 1865. They had been in a wall safe in the Librarian's office. Boorstin had these artifacts put on public display, where they have become the most popular attraction for tourists visiting the American Treasures of the Library of

masks:
Boorstin
Boorstin
Boorstin
Boorstin
Boorstin
John Y
Boorstin
Boorstin
Boorstin


texts:
 Congress exhibition in the Library's Jefferson Building. He was instrumental in creating the American Folklife Center in 1976, and the Center for the Book in the Library of Congress in 1977. In 1979, the LOC and the Kennedy Center opened a Performing Arts Library in the Kennedy Center. In 1980, <mask> set up the Council of Scholars, a new link between the LOC and the world of scholarship.Another major event during <mask>'s tenure at the LOC was the construction and implementation of LOC's James Madison Memorial Building during 1980-1982. He obtained private contributions to open the Mary Pickford Theater in the Madison Building in 1983. The theater was intended to increase public awareness of the LOC's large collection of motion pictures. In 1984, <mask> and Architect of the Capitol George White teamed up to persuade Congress to appropriate $81.5 million for rehabilitating two of the LOC's older structures, the Jefferson (1897) and Adams (1939) Buildings. In 1986, <mask> appeared before Congress to oppose legislation that would have made drastic cuts in the LOC budget. His pleas resulted in substantially restoring the proposed cuts. It also resulted in his being called, "an intellectual Paul Revere."Overall, <mask> proved so persuasive that the Federal appropriation increased from $116 million to more than $250 million during his administration. Honors
His book, The Americans: The Colonial Experience (1958) won the Bancroft Prize for best book on history. The Society of American Historians awarded <mask> the Francis Parkman Prize for The Americans: The National Experience (1965). <mask> was awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasure, First Class, by the Japanese government in 1986. He received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in 1986. He was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for writing The Americans: The Democratic Experience (1973). He was inducted into the Tulsa Hall of Fame in 1989, and

masks: Boorstin Boorstin Boorstin Boorstin Boorstin Boorstin Boorstin


texts:
 received the Oklahoma Book Award in 1993 for The Creators.He held twenty honorary degrees, including an honorary Doctor of Laws from the University of Tulsa and Doctor of Letters from Oglethorpe University in 1994. American Quarterly (1971): 153–180. in JSTOR
 Morgan, Edmund S. "<mask><mask>, 1 October 1914 · 28 February 2004," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society (2006) 150#2 pp. 347–351 in JSTOR
 Pole, J. R. "<mask><mask>." in Past-masters: Some Essays on American Historians edited by Marcus, Cunliffe and Robin Winks (Harper & Row, 1969). pp to 10-38
 King, Wayne and Warren Weaver <mask>. "Briefing: <mask> and the Emperor", The New York Times, May 2, 1986.Wilson, Clyde N. Twentieth-Century American Historians (Gale: 1983, Dictionary of Literary Biography, volume 17, ) pp 79–85

External links

 United States Library of Congress official site
 Center for the Book founded in 1977 by Boorstin
 <mask>. <mask> Papers, 1882–1995
 Obituary in The Guardian
 Obituary in The Economist
 Robert D. McFadden, "<mask>, 89, Former Librarian of Congress Who Won Pulitzer in History, Dies", The New York Times, March 1, 2004
 Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture – <mask>, <mask>. Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
Academics of the University of Cambridge
American Rhodes Scholars
20th-century American historians
American male non-fiction writers
20th-century American lawyers
Harvard College alumni
Historians of the American Revolution
Historians of the United States
Hyperreality theorists
Jewish American historians
Librarians of Congress
Writers from Atlanta
Writers from Tulsa, Oklahoma
Bancroft Prize winners
Pulitzer Prize for History winners
University of Chicago faculty
Central High School (Tulsa, Oklahoma) alumni
Yale Law School alumni
1914 births
2004 deaths
National Humanities Medal recipients
Deaths from pneumonia in Washington, D.C.
American librarians
20th-century American male writers
Historians from

masks:
Daniel J
. Boorstin
Daniel J
. Boorstin
Jr
Boorstin
Daniel J
Boorstin
Daniel Boorstin
Boorstin
Daniel J


texts:
<mask> is a singer from Cairns, Queensland, Australia. <mask> began her singing career in 1959 after singing for friends at a Brisbane jazz club. <mask> performed on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, had a residency at New York City's Copacabana nightclub and toured with Duke Ellington. Additionally, she made numerous appearances on The Morecambe & Wise Show in 1973 and 1974 and played Julie in a West End production of Show Boat, taking over from Cleo Laine. She has performed with the national orchestras of Belgium, the Netherlands, Iceland and Germany and toured with the Moscow Symphony Orchestra. She appeared alongside Jim Brown in the film Pacific Inferno. She has appeared in variety at The London Palladium and performed on BBC TV's, The Good Old Days.<mask> is of Australian Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islander, English, Irish, Jamaican, Afghan and Scottish ancestry. She is the niece of Heather Pitt (singer) and Georgia Lee. In August 2019, <mask> was inducted into the National Indigenous Music Awards Hall of Fame. On 2 November 2019, Reading opened the Sydney International Women's Jazz Festival. Early life
<mask> was born in Cairns, Queensland, to an English-Irish father and a mother of Kalkatungu and Erub Islander heritage. Her family was involved in musical theatre and jazz, and would often sing together, artists like The Mills Brothers and Nat King Cole. In 1957, <mask> started performing with her sisters, Phronsie and Dulcie as The Reading Sisters.They performed together at family gatherings and birthday parties before entering the radio talent show Australia's Amateur Hour. In 1957, they won the state championship and travelled to Sydney for the finals, where they came in second place. Career
After the early success of The Reading Sisters, <mask> decided to leave music so she could focus more of her time on Softball. In 1959, her team went to Brisbane for a

masks:
Wilma Reading
Reading
Reading
Reading
Reading
Wilma
Wilma
Wilma


texts: state competition. The group were out one evening when <mask> got up to sing for a teammate’s birthday. "So I went up to the piano and did three songs, and after ten minutes or so, a gentleman came to our table, said he liked my singing and asked would I like a job with his band?" <mask> told him if he wanted her to perform he would need to apply to her parents for permission.Two weeks later a letter arrived from bandleader Lali Hegi, asking Wilma’s parents if the 17 year old could move to Brisbane and front his seventeen piece band at the Ritz Ballroom. Her dad approved, but said she could only try for six months – if she was unable to make a living out of her music by that time she had to come back home. It was with this band that she learned to sing jazz – they performed the music of the Jazz legends of the time, Ella Fitzgerald, Sarah Vaughan and Frank Sinatra. She appeared a few nights a week and filled up the rest of the week performing show tunes at jazz clubs, as well performing with a local coffee shop trio. In 1960, <mask> moved to Sydney to pursue new career opportunities. She recorded ‘In My Little Corner of the World’ and ‘If I Were a Bell’ with Festival Records, and through this got the opportunity to become a regular on Brian Henderson's television variety show, Bandstand. Here she worked with the biggest Australian performers of the time: Col Joye, Dig Richards, the Decru brothers, the Allen Brothers, Noeleen Batley and Judy Stone.During this period, <mask> was offered a job overseas - a month-long residency at the Singapore's prestigious Goodwood Hotel. From a young age, <mask> had been determined to follow in the footsteps of her Aunt, legendary jazz singer Georgia Lee, and become a world-renowned performer. "She went before me. I respect her very much because you consider, for an Indigenous girl from Cairns, Far North Queensland, population of perhaps

masks: Wilma Reading Reading Reading Wilma


texts:
 five or eight thousand people at the time. There were absolutely no government grants at that time. She saved her money, probably by cleaning floors, washing, ironing… she became a singer. She became a star!"<mask> took a huge risk and left Bandstand and Sydney network and moved to Singapore. Her residency was extended twice and developed into a series across Asia, which saw her visit Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City), Bangkok, Tokyo, Hong Kong and Calcutta (now Kolkata). While in Manila, <mask> met her husband, Ray Lehr who would also become her manager. One evening <mask> was performing at the Tokyo Hilton Hotel when she was spotted by an American talent agent who loved her show and offered her and her dancers the opportunity to tour America. They moved in 1964, and her first job was at The Riviera Hotel in Las Vegas. “Las Vegas was hectic for me because it was nothing like what I had engaged with before… the whole way of life was turned around. We lived by night and slept by day.We had to do that because of the timetable. But it was great because we could meet other people – other artists.”

During this period, legendary pianist, singer and actor Liberace frequently came to see her show, and she met other stars of the day, including Tony Bennett, Louis Bellson, Dean Martin, Frank Sinatra, Dave Brubeck, and her idol Ella Fitzgerald. Off the back of her successful residency at The Riviera Hotel, <mask> was invited to audition for the great American jazz musician and bandleader, Duke Ellington; who composed popular songs ‘It Don’t Mean a Thing if it Ain’t Got That Swing’ and ‘Mood Indigo’. “He sent me to Billy Strayhorn. So I’m at his place, he sits at the piano and I could have chosen one of the easier songs, ‘Satin Doll’, or ‘Don’t get around much anymore’. But I didn’t think of that. I auditioned with ‘Lush Life’.Three minutes passed and then he turned to me and said:

masks: Wilma Wilma Wilma Wilma


texts:
 “Thank you for singing the song the way I wrote it.”

She was hired immediately, and joined ‘The Duke’ and his orchestra on the road, appearing in Philadelphia and New York. <mask> is the only Australian to have performed on stage with Ellington. After just a few months of touring, however, she made the difficult decision to leave – she wanted to progress her career and felt she wasn't able to while remaining in Ellington's shadow. In 1973, <mask> left America for the United Kingdom. She recorded an LP, 'Wilma Reading' at EMI’s studios at Abbey Road. She also worked with composer John Barry to record the theme for The Tamarind Seed. During this period she also made regular guest appearances on over 30 British variety shoes, including The Harry Secombe Show, The Ken Dodd Show, Stars on Sunday and the BBC sketch-comedy, The Morecambe & Wise Show.<mask>’s popular television appearances made her a star, enabling her to headline her own show across the United Kingdom. At this time, <mask> successfully auditioned to replace Cleo Laine in the role of Julie La Verne in Show Boat at the Adelphi Theatre in London’s West End. “I just decided not to be scared and that’s that. After all, what did I have to lose? I went into the [musical] numbers my own way. I made no attempt to emulate Cleo’s very personal, individual style. Nobody could get away with that.I took it on the full throat without the mike and let the balcony bounce it back. I gave it my full range.”

In 1977, <mask> returned to New York for another season at the Copacabana nightclub. During this period, she took on another acting job, starring with Jim Brown in Pacific Inferno. In 1979, she was seen by Russian diplomats while performing at London nightclub Talk of the Town. They were so impressed they invited her to tour with the Moscow Symphony Orchestra. At that time, Russia was still behind the Iron Curtain. Popular

masks: Wilma Reading Wilma Reading Wilma


texts:
 music was suppressed until recordings of The Beatles got through.Russia fell in love with popular music, and wanted to hear more jazz, blues and pop music from the west. Therefore in late 1978, ‘King of the Blues’ B.B. King and Elton John were invited to perform in Russia. <mask> <mask> followed, and in 1979 was the third western artist invited to perform behind The Iron Curtain. She performed 33 shows throughout Russia in Moscow, Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) and Kiev. Despite her internationally successful career performing on the world stage, <mask> remained relatively unknown in Australia. "The only problem is I was gone for so long because I built up my career overseas and would just come home to see my mum and dad and brothers and sisters.For me to get established in Australia I'd be leaving too much behind because it takes a while to get yourself established." In 2003, she returned home to Cairns where she taught singing at the local TAFE, passing on her vocal skills to future generations. During the 2010’s, <mask> returned to the stage in a series of appearances at jazz festivals across the country. In August 2019, <mask> was inducted into the National Indigenous Music Awards Hall of Fame. <mask> is the niece of singer Georgia Lee. Select singles discography
1960: "In My Little Corner Of The World" / "If I Were A Bell" (Rex)
1960: "Nature Boy/Fool Fool Fool" (Rex)
1961: "I Only Came To Say Goodbye" / "That's How I Go For You" (Rex)

References

External links
Official website. "The Wilma Reading Story", ABC TV Message Stick documentary broadcast in May 2011 with video and transcript.Australian women singers
Indigenous Australian musicians
Australian people of Afghan descent
Australian people of English descent
Australian people of Irish descent
Australian people of Jamaican descent
Australian people of Scottish descent
Living people
Year of birth missing (living

masks:
Wilma
Reading
Wilma
Wilma
Wilma
Family Reading


texts:
<mask> (28 October 1935 – 24 July 1990) was an English television and film director, producer and writer. Life and career
<mask> was born in Wallasey, Wirral, England. Most of <mask>'s output was for television rather than cinema, including work for the famous play strands The Wednesday Play and Play for Today. His subject matter tended towards social realism, with deprived or oppressed communities as a frequent setting. As Dave Rolinson's book details, between 1962 and 1966 <mask> directed several plays at The Questors Theatre in Ealing, London. Between 1967 and 1969 he directed various ITV productions including plays by Alun Owen (Shelter, George's Room, Stella, Thief, Gareth), Edna O'Brien (Which of These Two Ladies Is He Married To? and Nothing's Ever Over) and Roy Minton (The Gentleman Caller, Goodnight Albert, Stand By Your Screen).He also worked on the series The Informer, The Gold Robbers and A Man of Our Times (but not, as Sight and Sound once claimed, Big Breadwinner Hog). <mask> continued to work for ITV through the 1970s but during the decade made much of his work for the BBC. This included pieces for The Wednesday Play (Sovereign's Company 1970), Play for Today and Play of the Month (The Love-Girl and the Innocent, 1973 and Danton's Death, 1978). Distinctive work for these strands included further plays by Minton including Funny Farm (1975) and Scum (further details below), but also Sovereign's Company (1970) by Don Shaw, The Hallelujah Handshake (1970) by Colin Welland and Penda's Fen (1974) by David Rudkin. He also made To Encourage the Others (1972), a powerful drama documentary about the Derek Bentley case, the case which was later dramatised in the 1991 film  Let Him Have It  by Peter

masks:
Alan John Clarke
Clarke
Clarke
Clarke
Clarke


texts: Medak, and several documentaries, including Vodka Cola (1981) on multinational corporations. <mask>'s other work in the mid-to-late 1970s included the initially unreleased documentary Bukovsky about the Soviet dissident and defector Vladimir Bukovsky and a companion Play For Today follow-up entitled Nina (1978), which starred Jack Shepherd and Eleanor Bron. A number of his works achieved notoriety and widespread criticism from the conservative end of the political spectrum, including Scum (1977), dealing with the subject of borstals (youth prisons), which was banned by the BBC, and subsequently remade by <mask> as a feature film released in 1979 (the original television version was only screened after his death).<mask> directed the television play Made in Britain (1982), starring Tim Roth (in his television debut) as a racist skinhead and his negative relationship with authorities and racial minorities, from a screenplay by David Leland. The feature film Rita, Sue and Bob Too (1987), was adapted by the working class writer Andrea Dunbar from her stage work. The 1975 BBC play Diane, starring Janine Duvitski, which dealt with an incestuous relationship between a father and daughter was controversially received by the tabloid press. <mask>'s work in the 1980s was fiercely stark and political, including the David Leland plays Beloved Enemy (1981) on multinational corporations and Psy-Warriors (1981) on military interrogation. <mask> also directed David Bowie in Baal (1982) for the BBC, part of <mask>'s interest in Bertolt Brecht. His film work became more sparse, culminating in Contact (1985) on the British military presence in Northern Ireland, Billy the Kid and the Green Baize Vampire (1985), Road (1987),

masks: Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke


texts: and Elephant (1989). Many of the films that <mask> directed from this period are often seen as bleak and lacking redemptive qualities – the 1986 BBC film Christine dealt with teenage drug addiction whilst Road featured a cast of characters in the depressed estates of Northern England.Elephant, lasting only 37 minutes, dealt with 'the troubles' in Northern Ireland by featuring a series of shootings with no narrative and minimal dialogue; all were based on accounts of actual sectarian killings that had taken place in Belfast. The film took its title from Bernard MacLaverty's description of the troubles as "the elephant in our living room" – a reference to the collective denial of the underlying social problems of Northern Ireland. His final production of Al Hunter's The Firm (1989), covered football hooliganism through the lead character played by Gary Oldman, but also explored the politics of Thatcher's Britain. Like several of <mask>'s previous films, the screening of The Firm as part of BBC 2's Screen Two series was controversial and criticised by some of the British Press as being too violent and sexually explicit. Like Christine, Road and Elephant, The Firm was also notable for <mask>'s use of the steadicam, partly inspired by its earlier use in films by Stanley Kubrick like The Shining. In 1990, <mask> travelled to America in order to pursue the idea of developing a US-based career in filmmaking. Prior to his death, he was making initial plans to film Assassination On Embassy Row, later retitled An American Murder, about a murder filmed from the assassin's point-of-view.The film never came to fruition partly due to a lack of interest from the major US film studios and <mask>'s declining health.

masks: Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke


texts:
 Another project, a script by David Yallop entitled In God's Name also went unmade as <mask> began radiotherapy for cancer which by that time had spread from his lungs to his spine. In 1991 a documentary on him Director <mask> by Corin Campbell-Hill aired on British TV. In 2016, all of <mask>'s surviving work for the BBC was released in a 2-part DVD/Blu-Ray collection titled Dissent & Disruption: <mask> at the BBC. This set included the first official release of the 1976 documentary Bukovsky alongside interviews with many of <mask>'s collaborators and contemporaries. <mask> has inspired others, such as the director Nick Love, to direct films founded upon social realism. Love stated that it was watching <mask>'s "The Firm (1989 film)" that motivated him to become a film maker rather than just a spectator.Personal life

A heavy smoker and drinker, <mask> died on 24 July 1990 after suffering from lung cancer. He was 54. <mask>'s son is <mask>, a sports journalist with ITV. His daughter is <mask>. Cultural influences
Musician Annie Locke was a close friend of <mask> for many years, and they worked together on The Love-Girl and the Innocent. After <mask>'s death, she wrote a suite of pieces in his memory, entitled "A Man Called <mask>". <mask> inspired a generation of actors, writers and directors, including Paul Greengrass, Stephen Frears, Tim Roth, Ray Winstone, Gary Oldman, Danny Brocklehurst and Iain MacDonald.Filmmakers Harmony Korine and Joel Potrykus have cited <mask> as a major influence on their work. As documented in the series  The Story of Film  by Mark Cousins, the 2003 movie Elephant by Gus Van Sant about the Columbine High School Massacre was named after and influenced by <mask>'s earlier work

masks:
Clarke
Alan Clarke
Clarke
Alan Clarke
Clarke
Clarke
Clarke
Clarke
Clarke
Gabriel Clarke
Molly Clarke
Clarke
Clarke
Alan
Clarke
Clarke
Clarke


texts:
 of the same title, especially by <mask>'s penchant for long take tracking shots, often following one or more characters from the rear as they move through space. Critic David Thomson has observed, "No one has ever grasped the central metaphor of cramped existence in walking as well as <mask>." References

Further reading
<mask>, Richard Kelly (editor), London: Faber, 1998
<mask>, Dave Rolinson, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2005
Andrea Grunert, "<mask>: Die unglaubliche Energie der Rechtlosen"; in: Lexikon des Kinder- und Jugendfilms im Kino, im Fernsehen und auf Video, Meitingen: Corian, November 2003 (p. 1–7)

External links
Biography and filmography from the British Film Institute's Screenonline

Senses of Cinema profile
Village Voice article (09/2004)
"The Hallelujah Handshake" from "Play for Today website"
My Hero <mask> Paul Greengrass tells of his unexpected encounter with <mask> at a court martial
 <mask>: His Own Man (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXzAeji4CPU) a 2000 documentary made for Film4 by Andy Kimpton-Nye/400Blows Productions. Tim Roth: Made in Britain (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=deOzrwyMqRA) a 2000 documentary short made for Film4: Tim Roth talks about working with <mask>. Made by Andy Kimpton-Nye/400Blows Productions. Memories of: Elephant (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lyj0DNoeCSg) a 2000 documentary short made for Film4: Gary Oldman, David Hare, Howard Schuman and Molly Clarke remember <mask>'s powerful BBC drama, Elephant.made by Andy Kimpton-Nye/400Blows Productions. 1935 births
1990 deaths
English film directors
English television directors
ITV people
British experimental filmmakers
People from Birkenhead
Social realism
Deaths from cancer in England
People from

masks:
Clarke
Alan Clarke
Alan Clarke
Alan Clarke
Alan Clarke
Alan Clarke
Clarke
Alan Clarke
Alan Clarke
Alan Clarke


texts:
<mask>. N. "Skip<mask> (born 1954) is an American pulmonary scientist, physician and academician. Biography and career
<mask> was born in 1954 in El Paso, Texas and completed his B.S. in Biology at the University of Dallas in 1976. He received his M.D. from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School in 1980. He completed internship and residency training in Internal Medicine at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics (1980–1983) and fellowship training in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Albany Medical College (1983–1985). <mask> began his academic career as an Assistant Professor of Medicine at the University of Texas Health Center at Tyler (1985–1988) where he established the occupational lung center.He became an Associate Professor to Indiana University School of Medicine (1988–1998) where (in 1992) he was endowed full Professor in Indiana University School of Medicine history as the Dr. Calvin H. English Professor of Medicine. For his volunteer work and community service with Indiana's Hispanic migrant farm workers, <mask> received the State of Indiana's Otis Bowen Community Service award (1994) and the Physician Community Service Award (1994) from the Indiana State Medical Association. In 1998, <mask> moved to the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine serving as the Dr.David Marine Professor of Medicine, Environmental Health Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, and the Director of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (1998–2005) and served as Division Director (1998-2005). <mask> was awarded the Levine Excellence in Mentoring Award in 2005. In May 2005 <mask> joined The University of Chicago as the Lowell T. Coggeshall Professor of Medicine and Chairman of the Department of Medicine. During his tenure as chair (2005 - 2009) <mask> led the strategic growth of the University of Chicago's largest department. Under his leadership, research

masks:
Joe G
" Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia


texts: funding exceeded $80 million annually with the Department's national ranking for federal research rising from #25 to #10 (2005 - 2009).While chair, <mask> directed several initiatives improving the gender, racial and ethnic diversity of the Department's faculty and residency fellowship training programs. With a dedicated focus on junior faculty development and the physician-scientist career pathway, under <mask>'s leadership, the department of Medicine experienced a 200% increase in the number of individually awarded NIH career awards (K-Series). Based on the success of these initiatives, in 2006, <mask> was awarded the Diversity Award from the Bowman Society and the Association of Professors of Medicine. Anticipating the push to precision medicine, <mask> established the Section of Genetic Medicine and recruited <mask>, PhD and the first section chief and launched the Translational Research Initiative in the Department of Medicine (TRIDOM)., a large-scale sample collection effort enabling investigators to link clinical information on health and disease status to biological samples. In February 2010, he was named the Vice Chancellor for Research and Earl M Bane Professor of Medicine at the University of Illinois at Chicago overseeing an almost $400 million research portfolio (70% biomedical research). He launched a broad strategic plan that drove the creation of new institutes and centers focused on precision medicine, health disparities and bioinformatics. In February 2011 <mask> was named the first University of Illinois-Vice President for Health Affairs.Reporting only to the President of the University of Illinois, he oversaw a $1.5 billion enterprise in total annual clinical operating revenues and expenses. He successfully implemented a complete rebranding to form the University of Illinois Hospital and Health Science System, and integrated system that included a

masks:
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Nancy Cox
Garcia


texts:
 University hospital, a VA hospital, over 60 outpatient care clinics, 12 federally, qualified health centers, 7 health science colleges and 4 regional campuses. Under his leadership, new health care clinics were opened in Englewood and Brighton Park. He served as the founding Director for the Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine which again has a large focus on health disparities. In December 2010 he founded Aqualung Therapeutics, designed to develop new therapies for the critically ill. In 2011 he was elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. (Now known as the National Academy for Medicine)

In 2013, <mask> was recruited to the University of Arizona as the Senior Vice President for Health Sciences and Merlin K. DuVal Endowed Professor of Medicine.<mask> led the strategic integration of undergraduate and graduate education research, service and clinical activities among the UA Health colleges, centers and clinical affiliations. Over the 3.5 year time frame, her served as the Interim Dean, College of Medicine - Tucson (2014 - 2015) and recruited 3 UA Health Science Deans, 10 key department chair positions, 10 new associate vice president and center directors and 12 UA division directors as well as number of key scientific leaders in cutting edge research. He recruited Andrew S. Kraft, M.D. to direct the UA NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center and successfully led the renewal of UA's NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center grant (July 2016) <mask> led the re-branding of the Arizona Health Science Center to become the University of Arizona Health Sciences (UAHS) with and integration of UAHS critical services and improvements in cost efficiency. Academic initiatives included establishment of 4 UAHS thematic centers of excellence in health disparities, population health and health outcomes, precision medicine and neuroscience. The creation of

masks: Garcia Garcia Garcia


texts:
 these new centers resulted in increases in NIH funding and the award of a $43.3 million NIH precision medicine initiative cohort program award. <mask> initiated efforts to increase diversity within the five health science colleges creating the Office of Diversity and Inclusion, and fostering such programs as PRIDE, BLAISER and FRONTERA which focus on creating a diverse health-care workforce.<mask> was the lead member of the UA Health Science (UAHS) negotiation team, helping to facilitate the merger between the University of Arizona Health Network and Phoenix-based Banner Health System. This included creating a $300 million academic endowment to be used at the UA discretion to support research and other academic pursuits, $150 million to clear UAHN debt and $500 million in capital improvements over five years. In January 2017, <mask> changed his focus to continuing his innovative clinical and translational research and to serve as Founder and CEO of Aqualung Therapeutics and Restore Therapeutics, companies focused on the high mortality rate in clinical illnesses. Major Accomplishments
<mask> has been continuously funded by the NIH since 1988 (principal investigator of multiple program project grants, R01s, etc.). He has authored or co-authored more than 500 peer-reviewed publications and over 40 book chapters. He is a past president of the Central Society for Clinical Research, a past member of the board of directors for the American Thoracic Society and past member or chairman of several NIH panels, committees and working groups including the NHLBI Advisory Council. He served as editor or associate editor for multiple journals.For example, Microvascular Research,, Endothelium: Circulation Research, Physiologic Genomics, American Journal of Cellular and Molecular BiologyPulmonary Circulation. He has been elected into a number of honorific societies including the

masks: Garcia Garcia Garcia Garcia


texts:
 American Clinical and Climatological Association (Vice President), American Society for Clinical Investigation, and the Association of Academic Professors and the National Academy of Medicine. Honors
He has received over 25 citations and awards. Over 500 peer-reviewed publications, 40,000 citations, h-index of 101 and i10-index of 581. 2016 Edward Livingston Trudeau Medal from the American Thoracic Society
 2015 Tucson Hispanic Center of Excellence La Estrella Award
 2015 American Thoracic Society Leadership Award for Pulmonary Circulation
 2011 Elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. 2009 Diversity Award from the Association of Professors in Medicine for innovation in promoting diversity in academic medicine
 2004 Elected into the American Clinical and Climatological Association (Vice President)
 2003 American Thoracic Society Distinguished Scientist Award. This award recognizes Dr. <mask>'s "contributions to the understanding of endothelial biology at the basic level",  "integrative approach to translate basic findings to the intact lung and to whole animal models", and "role model for individuals who aspire to become clinician scientists".2002 David M. Levine Excellence in Mentoring Award from the Johns Hopkins University. 1999 Elected into the Interurban Clinical Club
 1996 Elected into the American Society for Clinical Investigation (ASCI)
 1990 Henry F. Christian Award for Meritorious Research from the American Federation of Medical Research. References

1954 births
Living people
Albany Medical College
American bioinformaticians
Health informaticians
Indiana University faculty
Johns Hopkins University faculty
University of Chicago faculty
University of Dallas alumni
University of Illinois at Chicago faculty
University of Iowa alumni
University of Texas faculty
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center alumni
University of Arizona


texts:
Francis Michael "<mask>" <mask> (February 25, 1902 – November 8, 1986) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player, referee, coach and executive. <mask> played 16 seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Ottawa Senators and Toronto Maple Leafs. He was a member of three Stanley Cup championship teams and won All-Star honours. After he retired in 1937, he remained in hockey, becoming a coach for the Montreal Maroons. <mask> next worked as a referee for the NHL. He joined the Maple Leafs organization and worked in the organization as a coach and team executive until his death in 1986. In 2017 <mask> was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history.<mask>'s nickname "<mask>" originates from his father Tom, who was the first '<mask>' and played football with the Ottawa Rough Riders. At the time the football was not snapped as is done today, but was 'heeled' back from the line. Frank's father was very good at this and was named 'King of the Heelers' or '<mask>' for short. This nickname was eventually transferred to Frank. Playing career

Ottawa Senators
<mask> played for junior teams in the Ottawa area and began his NHL career in his hometown playing for the Senators, where he would establish himself among the league's top players helping the Senators to Stanley Cup wins in 1923 and 1927. Although he was one of the smallest defencemen of his era, he was tough and fast and would not back down. According to Brian McFarlane, it was said that <mask> started a thousand fights and never won one.During a March 31, 1923, Stanley Cup game against the Edmonton Eskimos, <mask> became the first hockey player to play all six positions during one game. In the third period, goaltender Clint Benedict was given a two-minute penalty. At the time, goalies served their own penalties. Not wanting to leave the net open, <mask> played goal for the two minutes Benedict was gone. Toronto Maple Leafs
On

masks:
King
Clancy
Clancy
Clancy
Clancy
Clancy
King
King Clancy
King
Clancy
King Clancy
Clancy
Clancy


texts:
 October 11, 1930, coming off the most productive season of his career, with 17 goals and 40 points in 44 games with the Senators, <mask> was traded to the Maple Leafs, with Toronto manager Conn Smythe giving up $35,000 and two players for him. In his second season with the Leafs, <mask> helped his team win the Stanley Cup. After a slow start to the 1936–37 season, <mask> announced his retirement six games into the season.He retired as the top scoring defenceman in NHL history, with 283 career points. In <mask>'s last game, he represented the Montreal Maroons at the Howie Morenz Memorial Game in 1937. Post-playing career
The season after his retirement as a player, <mask> briefly coached the Montreal Maroons before beginning an 11-year stint as an NHL referee. In 1949, the Montreal Canadiens hired <mask> to coach their American Hockey League (AHL) farm team, the Cincinnati Mohawks. He was released after two losing seasons, and rejoined the Maple Leafs organization as coach of the Leafs' AHL affiliate, the Pittsburgh Hornets. The Hornets had two outstanding seasons under <mask>, winning the Calder Cup as league champions in 1951–52, and nearly repeating the following year, before losing the cup final in seven games. On the strength of that performance, <mask> was made head coach of the Maple Leafs for the 1953–54 season.He held the job for three years, however the team struggled, with each successive season worse than the one before it. He was then appointed assistant general manager by his friend, Conn Smythe, although his responsibilities often involved public relations at least as much as building a hockey team. <mask> was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1958. He remained assistant general manager-coach through the 1960s, working under Punch Imlach. When Imlach was fired in 1969, <mask> initially said he would leave with him, but was persuaded to stay with the Leafs and was made a

masks: Clancy Clancy Clancy Clancy Clancy Clancy Clancy Clancy Clancy Clancy


texts:
 vice-president, a decision which did not go over well with Imlach, although the two later reconciled. After Harold Ballard took control of the Leafs during the 1971–72 season, <mask> and Ballard became inseparable friends. Former Leafs player, coach, and assistant general manager Hap Day would say that <mask> was paid to do nothing by both Smythe and Ballard.During the 1971–72 season, <mask> stepped behind the Leafs' bench as acting coach for 15 games while head coach John McLellan recovered from a peptic ulcer. <mask> remained in the Leafs' front office for the rest of his life. In 1986, he had an operation to remove his gallbladder, however infection from the gallbladder seeped into his body during the operation at which he went into septic shock. He died November 10, 1986, at age 83 and was buried in Mount Hope Catholic Cemetery in Toronto, Ontario. <mask> was associated with professional hockey for 65 years at the time of his death, a record since equaled by Marcel Pronovost, and the longest such tenure in NHL history. He was the last surviving member of the 1922–23 Stanley Cup championship-winning Ottawa Senators. Awards and honours
Named to NHL First All-Star Team in 1931 and 1934.Named to NHL Second All-Star Team in 1932 and 1933. Stanley Cup champion (as a player) – 1923, 1927 (with Ottawa), 1932 (with Toronto)
Stanley Cup champion (as an assistant manager-coach) 1962, 1964, 1967 (with Toronto)
Calder Cup (AHL Champions) (as a coach) – 1952 (Pittsburgh Hornets)
Inducted into Hockey Hall of Fame – 1958
Inducted into Canada's Sports Hall of Fame – 1975
Inducted into Ontario Sports Hall of Fame – 1998
Number 7 retired by the Toronto Maple Leafs. While playing for the Leafs, Tim Horton wore the number 7, the same number worn by <mask> from 1931–32 to 1936–37. The team declared both Horton and <mask> honoured players at a ceremony on November 21, 1995, but did not retire the number 7 from team

masks:
Clancy
Clancy
Clancy
Clancy
Clancy
King Clancy
Clancy


texts:
 use; despite this, it became an Honoured Number, abiding by Leafs honours policy. In 2016 the Maple Leafs retired all their Honoured Numbers. In 1998, he was ranked number 52 on The Hockey News''' list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players. In January 2017, <mask> was part of the first group of players to be named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history.The King Clancy Memorial Trophy was named in his honour and is awarded annually to the NHL player who demonstrates leadership qualities on and off the ice and who has made exceptional humanitarian contributions in the community. In popular culture he is referred to in the TV series How I Met Your Mother'' in the episode "Old King Clancy". Career statistics

* Stanley Cup Champion. Coaching record

Personal
His son, <mask>, participated in ice hockey at the 1964 Winter Olympics and later played for the Toronto Maple Leafs. His great granddaughter, Laura Stacey, won the silver medal at the 2011 IIHF Under 18 women's hockey championships and was a member of the Canadian National Under 18 team that participated in a three-game series vs. the US in August 2011. She would go on to claim a gold medal for the under-18 team at the 2012 IIHF World Women's U18 Championship. She has also won a silver medal at the 2018 Winter Olympics and another one at the 2017 IIHF Women's World Championship.At the 2019 IIHF Women's World Championship she won a bronze medal. References

Sources

External links

<mask>, History by the Minute

1902 births
1986 deaths
Canadian ice hockey coaches
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Lisgar Collegiate Institute
Montreal Maroons
National Hockey League officials
Ottawa Senators (1917) players
Ottawa Senators (original) players
Pittsburgh Hornets coaches
Sportspeople from Ottawa
Stanley Cup champions
Toronto Maple Leafs coaches
Toronto Maple Leafs executives
Toronto Maple

masks:
Clancy
Terry Clancy
King Clancy


texts:
<mask>. (born August 13, 1988) is an American professional basketball player who plays for the Kaohsiung Steelers of the P. League+. He played college basketball for Oakland University. A 6-foot-11 center, <mask> was a second-round pick (48th overall) in the 2011 NBA draft, selected by the Atlanta Hawks. He has since played in Italy, Philippines, Belarus, China, Lithuania, Estonia and the NBA Development League. High school career
Born in Cleveland, Ohio and raised in Farmington Hills, Michigan, <mask> attended Detroit Country Day School in Beverly Hills, Michigan. On the Detroit Country Day basketball team, <mask> averaged only 6.9 points and 4.5 rebounds per game as a senior. <mask> initially committed to Fairfield, but changed his mind after a coaching change and committed to Oakland after they offered him a scholarship.College career
After redshirting his first year at Oakland, <mask> became a starter for the 2007–08 season. <mask> started 20 of the team's 29 games and averaged 5.2 points and 3.5 rebounds. He finished the season with 40 blocks—one shy of Oakland's single-season record. However, he was benched prior to the conference tournament because OU's head coach, Greg Kampe, felt <mask> was not playing good enough defense. At the conclusion of his redshirt junior season, <mask> received the Lou Henson Award, given to the "mid-major player of the year". <mask> was also named the Summit League Player of the Year. <mask> declared himself eligible for the 2010 NBA draft, but withdrew himself after he was unable to work out with NBA teams due to an injured right thumb.<mask> earned a Bachelor of Integrative Studies degree with a minor in art history from Oakland in August 2010, prior to his redshirt senior season. During his senior season in 2010–11, <mask> enrolled in master's-level architecture courses in Oakland. In basketball, he set the Summit League's record for career blocks. He broke the record of 317, set by <mask> of Central

masks:
Keith Anderson Benson Jr
Benson
Benson
Benson
Benson
Benson
Benson
Benson
Benson
Benson
Benson
Benson
Benson
Keith Closs


texts:
 Connecticut State University from 1994–96. <mask> was named the Summit League's Player of the Year for the second consecutive season in 2011. Professional career

2011–12 season
After being projected as a late-second round pick, <mask> was selected with the 48th overall pick in the 2011 NBA draft by the Atlanta Hawks, becoming the first player from Oakland University selected in the NBA draft. After playing in Italy for Dinamo Basket Sassari during the NBA lockout, he joined the Hawks for preseason in December 2011.After being waived by the Hawks, he joined the Sioux Falls Skyforce of the NBA Development League in January 2012. On March 24, he signed a 10-day contract with the Golden State Warriors. He appeared in three games for the Warriors. 2012–13 season
After spending preseason with the Atlanta Hawks, <mask> was acquired by the Erie BayHawks of the NBA D-League for the 2012–13 season. In January 2013, he moved to the Philippines to play for the Talk 'N Text Tropang Texters during the 2013 PBA Commissioner's Cup. He returned to the BayHawks in March 2013. 2013–14 season
<mask> spent the 2013–14 season in Belarus with Tsmoki-Minsk.In May 2014, he joined the Shaanxi Wolves in the Chinese NBL. 2014–15 season
After initially signing with Turkish team Banvit, <mask> spent the first half of the 2014–15 season in Lithuania with Neptūnas. In February 2015, he left Neptūnas and signed with Estonian team BC Kalev/Cramo. 2015–16 season
After spending preseason with the Miami Heat, <mask> joined the Sioux Falls Skyforce for the 2015–16 season. In February 2016, he played in the NBA D-League All-Star Game. He helped the Skyforce finish with a league-best 40–10 record in 2015–16, and went on to help the team win the NBA D-League championship with a 2–1 Finals series win over the Los Angeles D-Fenders. 2016–17 season
After spending a second straight preseason with the Miami Heat, <mask> once again played for the Sioux Falls Skyforce during the

masks: Benson Benson Benson Benson Benson Benson Benson


texts:
 2016–17 season.2017–18 season
In August and September 2017, <mask> had a two-game stint with Guizhou in the Chinese NBL. He then began the 2017–18 season in Greece with Aris Thessaloniki, before joining Japanese team Osaka Evessa in January 2018. 2018–19 season
<mask>'s 2018–19 season was spent in Germany with Eisbären Bremerhaven. 2019–20 season
On August 1, 2019, <mask> signed with the South East Melbourne Phoenix in Australia for the 2019–20 NBL season. He parted ways with the Phoenix on January 4, 2020. Days later, he signed with Shabab Al Ahli of the UAE National Basketball League. 2020–21 season
On December 17, 2020, he signed with Rytas of the LKL.References

External links
 Oakland bio
 Legabasket.it profile
 NBA D-League profile
 PBA-online.net profile

1988 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Australia
American expatriate basketball people in Belarus
American expatriate basketball people in Estonia
American expatriate basketball people in Germany
American expatriate basketball people in Greece
American expatriate basketball people in Italy
American expatriate basketball people in Japan
American expatriate basketball people in Lithuania
American expatriate basketball people in the Philippines
American men's basketball players
Aris B.C. players
Atlanta Hawks draft picks
Basketball players from Michigan
Basketball players from Cleveland
BC Kalev/Cramo players
BC Neptūnas players
BC Tsmoki-Minsk players
Centers (basketball)
Detroit Country Day School alumni
Dinamo Sassari players
Eisbären Bremerhaven players
Erie BayHawks (2008–2017) players
Kaohsiung Steelers players
Golden State Warriors players
Oakland Golden Grizzlies men's basketball players
Osaka Evessa players
People from Farmington Hills, Michigan
Philippine Basketball Association imports
Power forwards (basketball)
Sioux Falls Skyforce players
South East Melbourne Phoenix players
TNT Tropang Giga players
American expatriate basketball people in

masks: Benson Benson Benson


texts:
The Marquis <mask>u  (井上 馨, January 16, 1836 – September 1, 1915) was a Japanese politician and a prominent member of the Meiji oligarchy during the Meiji period of the Empire of Japan. As one of the senior statesmen (Genrō) in Japan during that period, he had a tremendous influence on the selection of the nation's leaders and formation of its policies. Early years

Born Yakichi (勇吉) to a lower-ranked samurai family in Yuda, Chōshū domain (present day Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi Prefecture), Inoue attended the Meirinkan domain school with his brother Ikutarō (幾太郎). He was a close boyhood friend of Itō Hirobumi who later became Japan's first prime minister, and he played an active part in the sonnō jōi movement. In 1858, he studied rangaku, artillery and swordsmanship in Edo. In the Bakumatsu period, Inoue emerged as a leader of the anti-foreigner movement in his native Chōshū. Desiring to rid Japan of foreigners, he and Takasugi Shinsaku set fire to the British legation in Edo in January 1863.Recognizing Japan's need to learn from the Western powers, Inoue joined the Chōshū Five and was smuggled out of Japan to study at University College, London in England in 1863. When he returned with Itō Hirobumi, he unsuccessfully tried to prevent war (the Battle of Shimonoseki) between Chōshū and the Western naval powers over the closing of the Straits of Shimonoseki to foreign shipping. Later, he fought against the forces of the Tokugawa shogunate in the 1864 First Chōshū Expedition, during which he was severely wounded by the attack of the assassins,


texts:
 received a near-fatal injury, appealing to Inoue's elder brother for beheading because of the unbearable pain and finally Ikutaro Tokoro (jp) who was then in hiding from the pursuit of Tokugawa shogunate with Prince Sanjō Sanetomi and rushed to Inoue pulled him through this by putting about 50 stitches of tatami needle in the wounds on the whole body without anesthesia because of emergency during the domestic war time (The story that Inoue's mother holding bloody Inoue then dissuaded her elder son from beheading was introduced in the National Japanese text book of the 5th period as the power of mother). He later played a key role in the formation of the Satchō Alliance against the Tokugawa shogunate. Statesman in the Meiji government

After the Meiji Restoration, Inoue served in several important positions in the new Meiji government. He was appointed Vice Minister of Finance in 1871 and was influential in reorganizing government finances on modern lines, especially in the reform of the land tax system, termination of government stipends to the ex-samurai and former aristocracy and for promoting industrialization. Closely linked to business circles, including the emerging Mitsui zaibatsu, he was also involved in the railway business.These measures created many political enemies, and Inoue was forced to resign in May 1873. Inoue took part in the Osaka Conference of 1875 to support the creation of a representative national assembly. In 1876, Inoue was asked to assist in the field of foreign affairs, and was involved in the conclusion of


texts:
 the Japan-Korea Treaty of 1876 as vice-ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary. He returned to government as Minister of Public Works in 1878 and Lord of Foreign Affairs in 1879 under the early Meiji Dajō-kan Cabinet. In 1884, he was elevated to the rank of count (hakushaku) under the new kazoku peerage system. In December 1885, Inoue officially became Japan's first Minister of Foreign Affairs bearing that title in the first Itō Hirobumi cabinet. However, Inoue came under public criticism for his failure to negotiate a revision of the unequal treaties, his building of the Rokumeikan, and support of its Westernizing influences, which forced him to resign in August 1887.Later he served as Minister of Agriculture and Commerce in the Kuroda administration, as Home Minister in the second Itō administration and again as Finance Minister in the 3rd Itō administration. From 1901 onwards, Inoue served as most senior of the genrō, and considered himself the government's foremost advisor on financial affairs. He was advanced to the title of marquis (kōshaku) in 1907, and died in 1915 at his summer home at Okitsu-juku, Shizuoka prefecture. Honours
From the article in the Japanese Wikipedia

Japanese
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun (February 10, 1879)
Count (July 7, 1884)
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers (October 7, 1895)
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum (April 1, 1906)
Marquess (September 21, 1907)
Collar of the Order of the Chrysanthemum (September 1, 1915;


texts:
 posthumous)

Foreign
Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Michael and St. George (GCMG) (February 20, 1906)
Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour of France

See also
 List of Ambassadors from Japan to South Korea

References

Further reading
 Akamatsu, Paul. (1972). Meiji 1868: Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Japan (trans., Miriam Kochan). New York: Harper & Row.Beasley, William G. (1972). The Meiji Restoration. Stanford: Stanford University Press. __. (1995). The Rise of Modern Japan: Political, Economic and Social Change Since 1850. New York: St. Martin's Press.Cobbing, Andrew (2010). “<mask> <mask> (1836–1915): A Controversial Meiji Statesman”. in Biographical Portraits. Leiden: BRILL. Craig, Albert M. (1961). Chōshū in the Meiji Restoration. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Jansen, Marius B. and Gilbert Rozman, eds. (1986). Japan in Transition: from Tokugawa to Meiji. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ;  OCLC 12311985

External links

 National Diet Library bio

1836 births
1915 deaths
People from Yamaguchi (city)
People from Chōshū domain
Kazoku
Japanese expatriates in the United Kingdom
Members of the House of Peers (Japan)
Ministers of Finance of Japan
Government ministers of Japan
Foreign ministers of Japan
Ministers of Home Affairs of Japan
Japanese art collectors
Meiji Restoration
People of Meiji-period Japan
Alumni of University College London
Samurai
Mōri retainers
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Recipients of the Order of the Paulownia Flowers
Grand Cordons of

masks: Inoue Kaoru


texts:
<mask>. (May 18, 1920 – March 18, 2012) was a general in the United States Air Force and the former commander-in-chief of Military Airlift Command. <mask> was a combat veteran with 100 missions flown during World War II and the Korean War, and more than 140 missions in the Vietnam War. Biography

World War II
<mask> was born in Waco, Texas, in 1920, and began his military career in 1940 by enlisting in the Army Air Corps as an aviation cadet. He graduated in May 1941 with a commission as a second lieutenant. During World War II, <mask> commanded the 777th Bombardment Squadron, 464th Bombardment Group, Fifteenth Air Force, in Italy, logging 35 combat missions in B-24 Liberators. After World War II, he served as commandant of students at the Army Air Forces Aircraft Observer and Bombardier School at Mather Field, California. Korean War
During the Korean War, he commanded the 3rd Bombardment Group based at Kunsan Air Base, from where he led 65 combat missions in B-26 Invader medium bombers.From January 1953 to August 1956, he served at Headquarters United States Air Force, Washington D.C., in the Directorate of Operations, and from August 1957 to 1961 he was assigned to Headquarters United States Air Forces in Europe, where he served as assistant deputy chief of staff, operations. He entered the National War College, Washington D.C., in August 1961. In August 1962 <mask> began his airlift career as commander of the 314th Troop Carrier Wing, Sewart Air Force Base, Tennessee. During this time he also completed airborne training at Fort Benning, Georgia. In September 1963 he became commander of the 839th Air Division. While at Sewart, he directed Project Close Look, the springboard for today's tactical airlift tactics and procedures, and served as airlift commander on several large-scale exercises, including the Big Lift deployment to Europe. Vietnam War
From March 1965 until October 1966, <mask> was the deputy director of operations, J-3, United States Strike Command at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida, where he commanded the test airlift exercise Rapid Strike

masks:
William Grover Moore Jr
Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore


texts:
 and was instrumental in much of the airlift planning for joint operations.In November 1966, was assigned in Vietnam to organize the airlift effort in support of the Vietnam War. He reactivated and commanded the 834th Air Division at Tan Son Nhut Air Base, with responsibility for all tactical airlift in Vietnam. In December 1967 he assumed duties as director of operational requirements and development plans, deputy chief of staff, research and development, Headquarters United States Air Force. In February 1970 he became commander of the Twenty-Second Air Force (Military Airlift Command) at Travis Air Force Base, California. There he had prime responsibility for the extensive strategic airlift flown from the continental United States to Southeast Asia. During this time, he also flew more than 900 hours in the C-141 Starlifter. While he was Twenty-Second Air Force commander, the world's largest aircraft, the C-5 Galaxy, entered the Military Airlift Command inventory and a C-5 squadron was activated at Travis.In September 1972 <mask> assumed command of the Thirteenth Air Force at Clark Air Base in the Philippines, known as the Jungle Air Force. He was responsible for United States Air Force units in Taiwan, Thailand and the Republic of the Philippines. C-130 Herculeses under his command were the first aircraft into Hanoi to prepare for returning prisoners of war, and he commanded the homecoming operation at Clark Air Base under the direction of the commander in chief, Pacific Command. General <mask> was assigned as chief of staff, Pacific Command, in October 1973. He participated in the planning and execution of numerous missions: complex airlift efforts for resupply of Cambodia; evacuation of Phnom Penh (Operation Eagle Pull) and Saigon (Operation Frequent Wind); Operation Babylift; Operation New Life; and the Mayaguez operation. Later career
He became assistant Vice Chief of Staff United States Air Force, with the additional duty of senior Air Force member, Military Staff Committee, United Nations, in October 1976. The Senate confirmed his presidential

masks: Moore Moore


texts:
 nomination to the grade of general and he assumed his present duty on April 1, 1977.Retirement
After he retired, he worked for the Metropolitan Nashville Airport Authority, eventually becoming president where he directed the planning, development, financing and operation of the Nashville International Airport, Smyrna Airport, John C. Tune General Aviation Airport, and the Springfield Airport. Under <mask>'s leadership, the authority greatly expanded the Nashville Airport. He and his wife also lived in Franklin, Tennessee. <mask> was charitably active in his later life and was rewarded with the 1990 Fred Russell Distinguished American Award, 1990 Barry Dean Fulton Award from United Cerebral Palsy of Middle Tennessee; 1993 Outstanding Nashvillian of the Year by Kiwanis Nashville; and 1996 Citizen of the Year by Easter Seals Tennessee. <mask> died in Huntsville, Alabama on March 18, 2012, of natural causes. A graveside service with full military honors was to take place at the United States Air Force Academy on April 2, 2012. Awards
Awards earned during his career:
Defense Distinguished Service Medal
Air Force Distinguished Service Medal with two oak leaf clusters
Silver Star
Legion of Merit with five oak leaf clusters
Distinguished Flying Cross with two oak leaf cluster
Air Medal with nine oak leaf clusters
Joint Service Commendation Medal
Air Force Commendation Medal with an oak leaf cluster
Croix de Guerre with a palm
Distinguished Service Order, 2d Class
Vietnamese Armed Forces Honor Medal, 1st Class with a cluster

In 1997 he was inducted into the Airlift/Tanker Association Hall of Fame.References

1920 births
2012 deaths
United States Air Force generals
United States Army Air Forces officers
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
United States Air Force personnel of the Korean War
United States Air Force personnel of the Vietnam War
Recipients of the Air Medal
Recipients of the Silver Star
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
People from Waco, Texas
Military personnel from

masks: Moore Moore Moore


texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; 30 June 1983) is an English singer-songwriter, hailing from South London. <mask> uses a wide variety of instruments in his music, most commonly the ukulele, piano, and viola. He is known for combining electronic sampling with classical instruments. <mask>'s styles range from electronic pop to Baroque chamber music. Biography
<mask> was born in St Thomas' Hospital, South London. He attended King's College School and Bedales School. Lycanthropy and Wind in the Wires
<mask>'s ongoing writing and recordings brought him to the attention of Fat Cat Records, who provided him with an Atari computer and a mixing console.During the recording of Lycanthropy, <mask> studied composition at Trinity College of Music for one year. Lycanthropy was released in the summer of 2003. He also made some guest appearances as a viola player with Chicks on Speed, Arcade Fire, Owen Pallett, CocoRosie, and The Hidden Cameras. The Germany-based Tomlab later released the album in America and Europe. His second album of 2005, Wind In The Wires, which was inspired by <mask>'s Cornish and Irish roots, was released on the same label and likewise met with critical acclaim. The single Tristan, based on the Cornish legend, Tristram of Lyonesse, received significant attention from critics and remains a fan favourite. The Magic Position
Following the success of Wind in the Wires, <mask> signed a record deal with Loog in 2005 and began recording his third album, The Magic Position, which featured collaborations with Marianne Faithfull and Edward Larrikin of Larrikin Love.Its official release on 26 February met with critical acclaim, and gained a degree of commercial success due to the relative accessibility compared to his previous works. The Magic Position was released in the United States on Low Altitude Records on 1 May 2007. A concept album on the theme of love, the majority of the album was written after the end of a long term intimate relationship. In January 2007, the first of six vodcasts was made

masks:
Patrick Wolf
Patrick Denis Apps
Wolf
Wolf
Patrick Wolf
Wolf
Wolf
Patrick
Wolf


texts:
 available on iTunes. The series included live performances of old and new material and interviews. <mask> promoted the album with a concert tour in North America, Europe, Japan, and Australia, culminating in two sold out nights at London's Shepherd's Bush Empire. Both of these shows, which were shot and directed by photographer Brantley Gutierrez, are in development to be shown on a Virgin channel and then released on DVD.The Bachelor and Lupercalia
<mask> began work on his next album, initially titled Battle, immediately after The Magic Position tour ended. The album was originally conceived as a political album. The focus then shifted to the depression experienced by <mask> during the tour. However, before entering the studio, he fell in love, changing the direction of the album again, and eventually providing enough material for two releases. <mask> parted ways with Universal Records, and on 10 December 2008 announced to NME his plan to sell £10 shares of the album on bandstocks.com: "Basically, you can invest in the finishing of the album and the production of it, and you get a share in the album. So you almost become part of the record company, like a co-owner of the album." On 12 February 2009, <mask> announced that the two discs would be titled The Bachelor and The Conqueror (although the latter album title has subsequently been changed).The Bachelor's first single, "Vulture", was released on 2 April 2009, on vinyl and digital download. The B-sides include new song, "The Tinderbox", and remixes of the title track. The Bachelor was released on 1 June 2009, while the second single from the album, "Hard Times", was released on 6 July 2009. The third and final single, "Damaris", was released on 14 December 2009. In April 2010 it was announced that <mask> had signed a record deal with Hideout, a subsidiary of Mercury Records, which released his fifth album, ‘’Lupercalia‘’. The final title was announced via Twitter on 23 December 2010. On 4 November 2010, <mask> announced that the first

masks: Wolf Wolf Wolf Wolf Wolf Wolf Wolf


texts:
 single from Lupercalia was to be "Time of My Life" and the song was uploaded onto YouTube.Of the song, <mask> said: "'Time of My Life' is a song that I began writing at the end of a relationship in 2006 and then finished three years later during a temporary break-up in my current relationship. The new album has a direct narrative about love and optimism surviving through adversity and recession. I wanted to celebrate the love and hope I have found in the last few years." The song was released on 6 December 2010. He also announced that Lupercalia would be released in May 2011. On 10 January 2011, <mask> announced on his official Twitter account that the second single from the album, "The City", would be released on 14 March 2011. On 6 April 2011, <mask> released Lupercalia 20 June 2011 worldwide (excluding USA, where it was released 28 June 2011).In the same month, <mask> was featured on the cover of national UK publication Notion), which included an interview conducted by writer Alex Lee Thomson, clothes by James Long, and photos by James Moriarty. In October 2011, <mask> accepted an "Outstanding Contribution To the Arts" award from Trinity LGBT. Sundark and Riverlight and The Ghost Region
On 18 May 2012 <mask> announced that he was working on his next album, to be released later in the year: "I'm going back to the studio and recording my jubilee record... The album will be totally, totally, totally stripped down. It's time for me to be retrospective about the last ten years before I move onto the next ten. I'm 28 and I think it's quite fun to sing the songs you wrote as a teenager." It was announced on 9 August that his next release would be a double album entitled Sundark and Riverlight, celebrating <mask>'s 10 years as a recording artist.The album will feature acoustic re-recordings of songs from throughout his career, as well as previously unheard tracks. It will be released on 25 September. The title song, a remake of Overture originally from the album The Magic Position, was


texts:
 released on YouTube and then on iTunes on 7 September. Sundark and Riverlight is now available to stream in full online. In March 2012 he announced on BBC Radio 6's Tom Robinson Show that he would be taking the first sabbatical of his career before pursuing the next chapter of his musical journey. The Sundark and Riverlight tour ended on 6 April at London's Queen Elizabeth Hall. In 2013, <mask> went on to finish the last dates of Patti Smith's Banga tour on Celtic harp and viola.In July 2015, details were announced of a poetry book written by <mask> entitled The Ghost Region. Hiatus
Following the release of Sundark and Riverlight, <mask> experienced "a general burn-out, ill-timed to coincide with a 'cluster-fuck of financial and legal problems regarding management'"; until 2015, he spent time writing, alone, in a makeshift studio in a South London stable block. In August that year, having announced pre-orders for his poetry collection, The Ghost Region, he was hit by a car on holiday in Venice, shortly after which his mother fell ill. Of this period <mask> stated: "It completely whacked me out for six... I'm very happy to be here right now. I'll leave it at that." Edmund Burke Medal from Trinity College Historical Society
In October 2017, it was announced that he was to receive The Edmund Burke Medal from Trinity College Historical Society, Dublin the following December for Outstanding Contribution to Discourse through the Arts, becoming the first LGBT artist to do so, and to celebrate he would be doing one-off gigs in Dublin and London, which would be his only shows for the year. He also confirmed that he was in the final stages of recording his album and getting ready to release his poetry book The Ghost Region, which had originally been made available for pre-order two years earlier.Musical activities from 2018 onward
<mask> had resumed touring by July 2018, including in Australia, where he planned to mix an album while staying in the New South Wales Blue Mountains. He had also

masks: Wolf Patrick Wolf Wolf Wolf


texts:
 completed the poetry book he had been working on in 2015. The Telegraph reviewed <mask>'s "comeback", the first of three shows at the St Pancras Old Church in London in January 2020, noting, despite occasional "bum notes" and "forgotten lyrics", that the performance offered "exquisite highs", and <mask>'s songs were noted to be "wildly dramatic and original... with vivid lyrics and exuberant melodic flair". Personal life
<mask> reflects that as a teenager, he was bullied at school in Wimbledon for his perceived eccentricity and effeminacy. He stated: "Wimbledon is my trauma area". At the time, he was unsure whether he was gay or bisexual. Mentors at school treated him with disdain when he came to them for support on the issue.The bullying problem was only rectified after his mother changed schools. <mask> comments, "With gay or bi people, I think education still wonders if it's a nature-versus-nurture thing. If you were black, they'd know they couldn't change you, and racist bullying would never be condoned, but if someone is quite feminine or knows they might be gay at 13, they think they can change you with a bit of rugby". On 27 February 2007, in an interview with The London Paper, <mask> raised questions about his sexuality: "In the same way I don’t know if my sixth album is going to be a death-metal record or children's pop, I don’t know whether I’m destined to live my life with a horse, a woman or a man. It makes life easier". In a 5 July 2007 interview with Sydney's Star Observer, he confirmed his sexuality: "My sexuality is kind of liberal. I fall in love with men and women.I guess you would call me bisexual. I like to have sex and fall in love—I don't like giving terminology for my sexuality". Later, in 2009, <mask> told The Guardian that though in the past he has had relationships with women, he currently identifies himself as gay. As an artist, <mask> reflects that he doesn't like to worry about whether he makes a record "too gay or too straight or too this or too that".


texts:
 Modelling
<mask>, along with The Paddingtons, Edward Larrikin, and The View, was featured in a series of photographs by Mario Testino as a part of a campaign for Burberry in August 2007. In 2011, a portrait of <mask> was painted by British artist Joe Simpson, the painting was exhibited around the UK including a solo exhibition at The Royal Albert Hall. Discography

 Lycanthropy (2003)
 Wind in the Wires (2005)
 The Magic Position (2007)
 The Bachelor (2009)
 Lupercalia (2011)
 Sundark and Riverlight (2012)

Bloody Chamber Music

Bloody Chamber Music is an independent record label founded by <mask>.Label was named after Angela Carter's book, The Bloody Chamber, that thrilled <mask> in his early years. <mask> originally started the label as somewhere to store his digital back-catalogue of music. However, he has since explained that due to music piracy, as well as the current economic climate, some artists have been finding it difficult to stay in music. Bloody Chamber Music is a label which will allow such artists to follow their vocation, and be supported by their fans. Bandstocks
Bandstocks was an early music crowdfunding website. <mask> collaborated with his fans through Bandstocks for his album release, The Bachelor. Artists
<mask>
Craig Template

References

External links

 Interview in Virgin Red Room
 Interview in Exberliner Magazine

1983 births
21st-century English singers
21st-century pianists
Alumni of Trinity College of Music
English buskers
English electronic musicians
English male singers
English people of Cornish descent
English people of Irish descent
English pianists
English record producers
English songwriters
English gay musicians
Gay models
LGBT singers from the United Kingdom
Living people
People educated at King's College School, London
Singers from London
British record labels
Record labels established in 2008
Pop record labels
Downtempo musicians
British male pianists
21st-century British male singers
20th-century LGBT people
21st-century LGBT people
Pop

masks:
Wolf
Wolf
Patrick Wolf
Wolf
Wolf
Patrick Wolf
Patrick Wolf


texts:
Lieutenant General <mask> (July 6, 1919 – September 19, 2015) was a United States Air Force general and flying ace. He was deputy commander in chief, U.S. Readiness Command, with headquarters at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida. Biography
Born on July 6, 1919, in Detroit, Michigan, <mask> began his military career as an aviation cadet in 1942. He completed flight training at Yuma Army Air Base, Arizona, and received his pilot wings and commission as a second lieutenant in April 1943. Assigned to Las Vegas Army Air Field, Nevada, now Nellis Air Force Base, he began as a pilot with the 326th Fighter Gunnery Training Group before becoming chief of the P-39 Training Section there. In February 1945 he went to the Panama Canal Zone as a pilot with the 28th Fighter Squadron and as operations officer of the 32nd Fighter Squadron, later redesignated the 23rd Fighter Squadron, 36th Fighter Group.In July 1947, he was transferred to Dow Field, Maine, as operations officer of the 48th Fighter Squadron, 14th Fighter Group, the first squadron to be assigned the F-84 Thunderjet, and participated in service testing the F-84 at Edwards Air Force Base, California. He entered the Air Tactical School at Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida, in August 1948 and four months later became operations officer of the 84th Fighter Squadron at Hamilton Air Force Base, Calif. In May 1951, <mask> went to Korea as commander of the 335th Fighter Squadron, flying the F-86 Sabre jet fighter. He became the fifth jet ace of the Korean War, credited with 6 1/2 enemy aircraft destroyed, seven probable, and six damaged.

masks:
Winton Whittier Marshall
Marshall
Marshall


texts: In January 1952, he returned to the United States to command the 93d Fighter-Interceptor Squadron at Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico. He was assigned as commander of the 15th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona, in July 1953. There he was credited with saving a Strategic Air Command B-47 bomber which was on fire at the end of a runway.Seeing no crash or fire-fighting equipment coming, and noting that the crew had escaped, he taxied his F-86 to the burning aircraft and blew out the fire with his jet exhaust. For this action, he was named to the Strategic Air Command's Heads-Up Club. He flew in the 1953 Bendix transcontinental air race and captained the Central Air Defense Force Team in the 1953 and 1954 Air Defense Command Weapons Meet. In July 1954, <mask> became chief of the Central Air Defense Force Tactical Evaluation Board at Richards-Gebaur Air Force Base, Missouri, where he established the first tactical evaluation system in the Air Defense Command; developed the first wind-driven tow reel target system; and headed a team of military and civilian technicians that extended radar search capability (later known as the Marshall fix) of fighter-interceptor aircraft from 30 to 200 miles. In 1957, he was chief of the Central Air Defense Force Bendix Trophy Race Team flying the F-102 Delta Dagger, with his team taking first and second place. He entered the Air War College at Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama, in 1958, and on graduation was assigned to the 49th Tactical Fighter Wing in France as deputy commander for operations. The wing was


texts: transferred to Spangdahlem, Germany, where he was instrumental in getting the first strobe light landing system on an operational military base in Europe.In January 1961, he assumed command of NATO's Allied Defense Sector in the 86th Air Division at Ramstein Air Base, Germany. There he was credited with the development of an open-loop combat air defense communications network providing an immediate reaction system to cope with the East German and Czechoslovakian MiG threat. He also played a key role in the programming and installation of the 412-L Semi-automatic Air Defense System linking the 86th Air Division and the U.S. Army surface-to-air missile system. In June 1964, <mask> went to Headquarters U.S. Air Force, Washington, D.C., to serve in the Directorate of Operations successively as deputy chief and chief of the Air Defense Division, and as deputy director for forces. In June 1966, he moved to the Joint Chiefs of Staff as deputy director of operations, J-3, in the National Military Command Center, and in July 1967 became chief of the European Division, Directorate of Plans, J-5. In May 1968, he was assigned as chief of staff, Allied Air Forces Southern Europe in Naples, Italy, and in September 1969 became director of plans, J-5, U.S. European Command, at Vaihingen, Germany. He went from there to Vietnam in September 1971 as vice commander of the Seventh Air Force at Tan Son Nhut Airfield.The following September, he moved to Headquarters Pacific Air Forces, Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii, as deputy chief of staff, plans, and in December 1973 became deputy chief of


texts:
 staff, plans and operations. He was appointed vice commander in chief, Pacific Air Forces, in September 1974, transferring to his present assignment in June 1975. His military decorations and awards include the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal with oak leaf cluster; Silver Star; Legion of Merit with three oak leaf clusters; Distinguished Flying Cross with two oak leaf clusters; Bronze Star Medal; Air Medal with five oak leaf clusters; Purple Heart; from the Republic of Korea: the Chungmoo Medal with gold star and the Order of National Security Merit Medal; and from the Republic of Vietnam: the National Order of Vietnam, 5th Class, and the Gallantry Cross with palm. <mask> was promoted to the grade of lieutenant general effective September 1, 1974, with date of rank August 27, 1974. He died at Tripler Army Medical Center, Hawaii, on September 19, 2015. References

1919 births
2015 deaths
United States Air Force generals
American Korean War flying aces
Aviators from Michigan
Recipients of the Silver Star
Recipients of the Air Medal
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Recipients of the Air Force Distinguished Service


texts:
<mask> is an American jazz musician, ethnomusicologist, professor of music, professor of African-American studies, and author. As All About Jazz jazz journalist Dan McClenaghan put it, "<mask> – a rare breed of jazz artist who has focused his efforts on uniting Eastern sounds with the American art form – is a musical seeker who has, over the better part of four decades [since 1974], mastered an array of non-traditional, non-Western [wind] instruments." <mask> specializes in the Ghanaian atenteben, the Chinese suona, the Korean hojok and piri, the South Indian nagaswaram, the North Indian shehnai, the Tibetan trumpet, and the Australian didjeridu. <mask> has a Ph.D. in ethnomusicology from Wesleyan University. <mask> has written two books, one on Miles Davis and one on John Coltrane. <mask> is the founder and leader of the Untempered Ensemble. Academic career
<mask> was professor of music at Amherst College from 1972 to 1974 and at Dartmouth College from 1974 to 1990.Dartmouth awarded <mask> tenure in 1979, full professorship in 1985, and an honorary degree in 1987. <mask>, for three years, beginning 1981, was Chair of the Music Department. From 2005 to 2010, <mask> was Professor of African American Studies at Syracuse University, where he served as Chair of the Department. <mask> retired in 2010 as Professor Emeritus. Syracuse, in 2010, appointed Renate Simson, PhD (1934–2017), to succeed <mask>. She was a scholar and teacher of 19th century African-American literature, as Chair of the Department. Jazz multi-instrumentalist and ethnomusicologist Nathan Davis, PhD, was <mask>'s academic advisor when he was working on his master's degree at the University of

masks:
William Shadrack Cole
Cole
Cole
Cole
Cole
Cole
Cole
Cole
Cole
Cole
Cole
Cole
Cole


texts:
 Pittsburgh.Davis was <mask>'s first African-American teacher in all his formal education, stretching back to kindergarten. Clifford Thornton, PhD, was <mask>'s academic advisor when he was working on his doctorate at Wesleyan University. <mask> also studied with Sam Rivers, visiting artist at Wesleyan. Musical collaborations
<mask> has performed with Ornette <mask>, Jayne Cortez, Julius Hemphill, Sam Rivers, James Blood Ulmer, and Fred Ho. Books
<li> Miles Davis: The Early Years (1974)

<li>  John Coltrane (1976). In his book about Coltrane, <mask> states, "Wherein, then, lies the magic of this man's music? The answer, from my point of view, is that it dealt with human problems in human terms for human beings in a human world.If there is 'turmoil' in his music, it includes the turmoil in the hearts and minds of ordinary men and women. It includes the turmoil and violence of the times through which Trane lived. But the magic in Trane's music also must derive from the 'peace which passeth all understanding' that was in this man’s heart." Later in the book, <mask> reflects on the bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church Birmingham that killed four African-American girls. He points out that the melodic line of "Alabama," composed and first recorded as a memorial to the tragedy by Coltrane November 18, 1963 –  days after the event – "was developed from the rhythmic inflections of a speech given by Dr. Martin Luther King." Jazz critic John Wilson, in his review of <mask>'s book on Coltrane, stated, "<mask> has done a painstaking job of analyzing the recordings, looking at them almost phrase by phrase (with the help of Andrew White's transcriptions)."

masks: Cole Cole Cole Cole Coleman Cole Cole Cole Cole


texts:
 Discography

Solo and with selected artists

<li>

<li>
<li>
<li>

<li>

<li>

<li>

<li>
      <li>

<li>

<li>
      <li>
   <li>
   <li>
   <li>
   <li>
   <li>

<li> Boy From Black Mountain (2009)

<mask>'s Untempered Ensemble

<li>

<li> The Untempered Trio (1992).<li>
   <li>
   <li>
   <li>
   <li>
   <li>
   <li>

<li>

 First CD:
      <li>
   <li>
 Second CD:
      <li>
            <li>
      <li>
      <li>
      <li>
      <li>
      <li>
      <li>
      <li>
      <li>
      <li>
      <li>
      <li>

<li>

<li>

<li>
      <li>
   <li> "Grounded"
   <li>
   <li>
   <li>
   <li>
   <li>
   <li>
   <li>

<li>
      <li>
   <li>
   <li>
   <li>

<li>
      <li>
   <li>
   <li>
Boxholder (de)

<li>

<li>

      <li>
   <li>
   <li>
   <li>
   <li>

<li>
      <li> Part I
   <li> Part II
The performance was dedicated to Wilber Morris, bassist who died August 8, 2002. Videography

<li> . <li> . Attacks by the Dartmouth Review
Prologue
The Dartmouth Review – an arch-conservative publication founded in 1980, not affiliated with the college but operated by students – had been part of an aggressive movement to criticize Dartmouth's academic programs in non-Eurocentric disciplines, including Women's Studies, African-American Studies and ethnomusicology. The Review had published provocative criticism of its interpretation of political correctness on subjects ranging from Apartheid in South Africa to sexual orientation to race. William F. Buckley, Jr., and his publication, the National Review, supported the Review with (i) funding and (ii), from 1982 to 1998, more than two dozen


texts:
 editorials by authors that included Laura Ingraham (then a student), Jeffrey Hart (Dartmouth faculty member whose son, Benjamin, had been an editor for the ), and David Boaz. Part One
Beginning in 1983, the Review ran a series of antagonistic articles that harshly ridiculed Cole, personally and professionally.Laura Ingraham, then a student, authored the first one in January 1983. Dinesh D'Souza, then a student, was the paper's chairman; Edmond William Cattan, Jr., was editor-in-chief. After two local newspapers cited the Review and declared <mask> "incompetent", <mask> sued the Review for slander. Also, <mask>, in April 1983, filed a libel suit in Burlington's U.S. District Court for $600,000 against the publisher (Hanover Review, Inc.), D'Souza, Cattan, and Ingraham – but later dropped that suit. The slander case was settled out of court after two years without the Review admitting guilt or providing any monetary compensation, but both the Reviews and Cole's reputations were damaged. Part Two
In 1988, four students who were Review journalists – John William Quilhot (with a camera), John Henby Sutter (with a tape recorder), Christopher Baldwin (with a printout of the Review's editorial policy statement), and Sean Nolan – all white, showed up to <mask>'s classroom, after class, to give <mask> a copy of the editorial policy and demand an apology for his remarks during the second of two phone calls made in an attempt to give him an opportunity to reply to the article, "Dartmouth's Dynamic Duo of Mediocrity", of February 24, 1988. The confrontation grew into an altercation, for about five minutes, during which Quilhot was taking photos.<mask> grabbed Quilhot's arm,

masks: Cole Cole Cole Cole Cole Cole


texts:
 which, among other things, resulted in damaging the camera flash. Dartmouth College charged all four with harassment and disorderly conduct, and suspended the first three – Quilhot until fall 1988 (two quarters), Sutter until fall 1989 (four quarters), and Baldwin until fall 1989 (four quarters). Nolan was placed on disciplinary probation for four quarters. A lawsuit, in Federal Court, against the college, filed in 1989 by the Review, ensued. On January 3, 1989, the Grafton County Superior Court, in state court parallel litigation, revoked the suspensions of Sutter and Baldwin. The Federal Court later dismissed the suit against Dartmouth College. When 60 Minutes aired a segment about the lawsuit November 13, 1988, Morley Safer, the host, left out the Review's political connections.Quilhot was subsequently invited by then Senator Dan Quayle to spend his summer suspension as an unpaid volunteer in his Washington office. Esi Eggleston Bracey ('91), then a student who witnessed the confrontation told PBS Frontline, "That moment let me know that there are people in the world who hate you just because of your color  not dislike you, or choose not to be friends with you, but hate you". Epilogue
In August 1990 – after sixteen years at Dartmouth with tenure, under duress of seven years of repeated attacks by the Review – <mask> resigned. "I was totally blackballed." A year later, as a guest lecturer in <mask>'s class at Bennington College, <mask> reflected on the cost of success in a White world: "I was taught all my life that if you get an education, things will open up. But what I learned is if you want to help your own people, it won't open up." "You have to sell

masks:
Cole
Bill Dixon
Cole


texts:
 yourself out enough so when you look in the mirror in the morning, you don't know who that is".Family
<mask> was born to William Lucius "John<mask> (1896–1961) and Gladys Alice Seel (1902–1997). <mask>, a Miles Davis scholar, shared a distinction with Miles. Both of their fathers were dentists. <mask>'s first wife, Linda Joy Punchatz (maiden), an artist, is a niece of the late science fiction and fantasy artist Don Ivan Punchatz (1936–2009), whose son, Gregor Punchatz (her cousin), is a digital artist for film and video games. Bibliography

Annotations

Notes

References

 → Also accessible via TimesMachine →  (publication),  (article),  (article). (1994),  (1994),  (1974 ed. ),  (1994 ed.)., ,  (hardback),  (paperback), . , . , , ,  (article). , . , . , . Written and produced by Thomas Lennon; co-produced and directed by Orlando Bagwell.Season 1988: Episode 12..

 , , , . , . Note: The Dartmouth Review is not affiliated with Dartmouth College. Ingraham's article was republished in the 35th Anniversary Issue of The Dartmouth Review. Vol. 36, no. 3 (May 9, 2016).p. 8 →  → via Issuu. Retrieved April 5, 2021.

 , .

 .

  (publication),  (article). , . Album reviews

  (publication). , , .
 .

Discrography references

 . Further reading

External links

 Shadrack, Inc.

1937 births
Living people
American jazz musicians
Free jazz musicians
Avant-garde jazz musicians
Musicians from Pittsburgh
University of Pittsburgh alumni
Wesleyan University alumni
Dartmouth College faculty
Syracuse University faculty
Jazz writers
American music historians
American male non-fiction writers
African-American studies scholars
Jazz musicians from New York

masks:
Cole
" Cole
Cole
Cole


texts:
<mask> (1899–1965) was a Romanian-American "abstract realist" painter who crossed paths with many major American artistic and intellectual figures of the first half of the 20th century. Elaine de Kooning said that he was "[w]idely recognized as one of the most gifted and erudite watercolorists in the country".The New York Times critic <mask> stated in 1938 that "Margules uses color in a breath-taking manner. A keen observer, he eliminates scrupulously without distortion of his material." <mask> later called Margules "one of our most daring experimentalists in the medium""

<mask> was also a well-known participant in the bohemian culture of New York City's Greenwich Village, where he was widely known as the "Baron" of Greenwich Village. The New York Times described him as "one of Greenwich Village's best-known personalities" and "one of the best known and most buoyant characters about Greenwich Village." Early life
<mask> was born in 1899 in the Romanian city of Iași (also known as Iasse, Jassy, or Jasse). When <mask> was 10 weeks old, his family immigrated to New York City.Both of his parents were active in the Yiddish theater, His father was Yekutiel "Edward" <mask>, a "renowned Jewish actor-impresario and founder of the Yiddish stage." <mask>' mother, Rosa, thirty-nine years younger than his father, was an actress in the Yiddish theater and later in vaudeville. Although <mask> appeared as a child actor with the Adler Family and Bertha Kalich, his sister, <mask>, somewhat dubiously continued in family theater and vaudeville tradition, creating the blackface role of the lightly-clad Tondelayo (a part later

masks:
De Hirsh Margules
Howard Devree
Devree
Margules
De Hirsh Margules
Margules
Margules
Margules
Margules
Annette Margules


texts: played on film Hedy Lamarr) in Earl Carroll's 1924 Broadway exoticist hit, White Cargo. (Annette herself faced stereotyping as an exotic flower: writing about her publicist Charles Bouchert stated that "Romania produces a stormy, temperamental type of woman---a type admirably fitted to portray emotion.") His brother Samuel became a noted magician who appeared under the name "Rami-Sami." Samuel later became a lawyer, representing magician Horace Goldin, among others. A family portrait including a young <mask>h, a portrait of Rosa and Annette together, and individual photos of Rosa and Edward can be found on the Museum of the City of New York website.At around age 9 or 10, <mask> took art classes with the Boys Club on East Tenth Street, and his first taste of exhibition was at a student art show presented by the club. By age 11, he had won a city-wide prize (a box camera) at a children's art show presented by the department store Wanamakers. As a young teenager, Margules was already displaying a characteristic kindness and loyalty. Upon hearing that two friends (one of them was author Alexander King), were in trouble for breaking a school microscope, the nearly broke Margules gave them five dollars to repair the microscope . Margules had to approach a wealthy man that Margules had once saved on the subway from a heart attack. Margules didn't reveal the source of the five dollars to King until twenty-five years later. In his late teens, Margules studied for a couple of months in Pittsburgh with Edwin Randby, a follower of Western painter Frederic Remington.Thereafter he pursued a two-year course of studies in

masks:
De Hirs
Margules