texts: Gabriele Rech and Katja Czellnik. With the Bielefeld Philharmonic Orchestra <mask> led concert performances of Ludwig van Beethoven and Johannes Brahms, introducing the Bielefeld concert audience to symphonic works of composers Bohuslav Martinů and Hugo Alfvén, and designing and conducting many family concert programs. From 2000 to 2009, <mask> was Music Director of the Thunder Bay Symphony Orchestra.During his tenure, the TBSO expanded its artistic activities and was financially stable, eventually performing about 50 concerts per season with an annual budget of $1.5 million. <mask> was responsible for programming and conducting five concert series (Masterworks, Classical Plus, Pops, Cabaret, Family), including complete cycles of the works of Bach, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Dvorak, Brahms and Tchaikovsky. <mask> was also Music Director of the Thunder Bay Symphony Chorus, performing oratorios from Bach to Orff. Each year since 2001, the TBSO was recorded and broadcast nationally on CBC Radio Two. Those broadcasts included performances of Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 7, Robert Schumann's Violin Concerto with James Ehnes, Dmitri Shostakovich's Piano Concerto No. 1 with Marc-André Hamelin, Franz Schubert's Symphony No.6, Igor Stravinsky's Pulcinella, Samuel Barber's Cello Concerto with Denise Djokic and Harry Freedman's Manipulating Mario. The Thunder Bay Regional Arts Council presented its Award to Education in May 2003 to <mask> and the TBSO for innovative educational and outreach programs ("Community Bridges", "Side-by-Side", "Music in the Classroom" and "Stars of the Future") that attracted thousands of new audience members each year. Each season <mask> took the orchestra on a tour of Northwestern Ontario, bringing symphonic music to Kenora, Dryden, Fort

masks: Moull Moull Moull Moull Moull Moull


type: original

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 Frances, Sioux Lookout, Red Lake, Marathon, Manitouwadge and Wawa. In 2008, <mask> and the TBSO collaborated with the Minnesota Ballet, performing Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker. On the occasion of <mask>'s final concert with the TBSO as Music Director in 2009, <mask>'s vision and the orchestra's accomplishments were lauded in an article in the Lake Superior News. Recordings
In 1993 <mask> recorded the world premiere of Nikolai Karetnikov's Till Eulenspiegel. In 1994 <mask> recorded Louis Spohr's Faust  for CPO with the Bielefeld Opera.This world-premiere recording attracted international attention and was released to critical acclaim. <mask> recorded Theo Loevendie's opera "Esmeé" for Donemus with the Bielefeld Opera in 1998. Loevendie composed the work for the Holland Festival; <mask> and the Bielefeld Opera were the first to perform the opera outside of the Netherlands, and the first to record it. In 2004, <mask> initiated a plan to produce a CD-recording with the Thunder Bay Symphony Orchestra. The resulting disc, "Variations on a Memory", features five contemporary compositions (works of John Estacio, Jeffrey Ryan, Regent Levasseur, Alexina Louie and Aris Carastathis) that have played a role in the development of the orchestra. In 2005, the CD was awarded an international distribution to radio broadcasters by the SOCAN Foundation and a Juno Award nomination for Jeffrey Ryan's Pangaea. The Canadian Music Centre announced that "Variations on a Memory" was their top seller for 2005, and the recording was praised by Gramophone magazine.Guest conducting
<mask> is a frequent guest conductor of orchestras and opera companies in Europe and North America, including the Radio Filharmonisch Orkest of the Netherlands, the Komische Oper Berlin, the Calgary Philharmonic

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Moull
Moull
Moull
Moull
Moull
Moull
Moull
Geoffrey Moull


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 Orchestra, the Staatsoper Hannover, the Meininger Hofkapelle, the CBC Radio Orchestra, the Orchestre National des Pays de la Loire, the Edmonton Symphony Orchestra, the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra, Opéra-Théâtre de Metz, Deutsche Oper am Rhein, the Orchestra of the Southern Finger Lakes, Grand Théâtre de la Ville de Luxembourg, the Kitchener-Waterloo Symphony, Orchestra London, Symphony Nova Scotia, the San Remo Symphony, the Springfield Symphony Orchestra, the Szombathely Symphony and the Internationale Maifestspiele Wiesbaden. Teaching positions
From 1985 to 1994 he was the director of a series of conducting seminars given by the Bavarian Music Council in Hof and Markt Oberdorf, Germany. From 1990 to 1992 <mask> was Music Director of the Musikhochschule Münster Symphony Orchestra at the University of Münster. In 1998, he gave master classes in operatic conducting, coaching and singing at the University of Southern California, and was guest conductor of the McGill Symphony Orchestra in 2000. From 2008 to 2009 <mask> was Mentor, Coach and Pianist of the Opera Program at Wilfrid Laurier University and in 2010 he was appointed Visiting Professor of the Hochschule für Musik Detmold. From 2010 to 2012 <mask> was Visiting Professor and Director of Orchestras at The University of Western Ontario. His responsibilities included conducting the UWO Symphony Orchestra, the UWO Chamber Orchestra, UWO Opera productions and teaching conducting and piano.References

Canadian classical pianists
Male classical pianists
Male conductors (music)
Musicians from London, Ontario
Living people
McGill University School of Music alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Hochschule für Musik Detmold alumni
21st-century Canadian conductors (music)
21st-century classical pianists
21st-century

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<mask> (; 14 December 1918 – 20 July 2016) was a Romanian actor, director, and essayist, with an activity of over 70 years in theatre, film, television, and radio. On 15 December 2013, confirmed by Guinness World Records, the actor received the title of "The oldest active theatre actor" on the planet. He was elected honorary member of the Romanian Academy in 2004. One of the disciples of actress Lucia Sturdza-Bulandra and writer Eugène Ionesco, <mask> is generally regarded as one of the major names of the Romanian theatre with a complex repertoire, classic and modern. He played alongside important actors, with performances both in the country and abroad. Biography

<mask> was born in Galbeni, a village in the commune of Filipești, Bacău County, to a Romanian father and a  mother of Greek origins. In an interview for toateartele.com in 2011, <mask> declared that his paternal grandmother, <mask>, is the cousin of writer Ion Creangă.His mother, Eufrosina Moscopol, comes from the Greek family Moscopol, relating with famous interwar singer Jean Moscopol. After graduating from the Costache Negruzzi High School in Iași in 1937, he made his artistic studies at the Royal Academy of Music and Dramatic Art in Bucharest, where he was the student of Lucia Sturdza-Bulandra, one of the great figures of Romanian scene. Between 1937 and 1938 he also studied law and philosophy at the University of Bucharest, using college scholarship offered to pay his taxes at the Conservatory. Family
His first wife was Nineta Gusti, an actress, with whom he was married for fifteen years. His second wife was Dana Crivăț (1933–2012), with whom he has a daughter, Ana Maria, a writer; both mother and daughter defected to Germany in 1982 and emigrated to Australia the same year. His third wife was Marica <mask> (d.

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Radu Beligan
Radu Beligan
Beligan
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Ecaterina Beligan
Beligan


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 1993), a writer, with whom he has three children: Lamia (b. 1966), an actress, Raluca and Alexandru, employee of the National Bank of Romania.Political activity
<mask> <mask> was a member of the Central Committee of the Romanian Communist Party between 1969 and 1989 and deputy of the Great National Assembly between 1961–1975. Career
He debuted in theatre at the age of 20 years, in the play Crime and Punishment after Fyodor Dostoyevsky, directed by Mihai Zirra, on the stage of Muncă și Lumină Theatre in Bucharest. His first role in a film was that of A Stormy Night () after I. L. Caragiale, directed by Jean Georgescu (1943), and the last one The Afternoon of a Torturer (), directed by Lucian Pintilie (2001). He was professor at the Institute of Theatre and Film in Bucharest, director of the Comedy Theatre between 1961–1969 and director of the National Theatre between 1969–1990. In 2008, <mask> was awarded the Order of the Star of Romania, Grand Cross class. Activity as theatre actor

 2004 The Egoist by Jean Anouilh, directed by <mask> <mask>
 2001 Take, Ianke and Cadîr by Victor Ion Popa, directed by Grigore Gonţa
 1998 The Name of the Rose adapted from Umberto Eco, directed by Grigore Gonţa
 1998 Night Asilum by Maxim Gorki, directed by Ion Cojar
 1998 Pork Chops by Bertrand Blier, directed by Gelu Colceag
 1997 Supper by Jean-Claude Brinsville
 1997 The Sunshine Boys by Neil Simon, directed by Ion Lucian
 1995 Danaidae, directed by Silviu Purcărete
 1994 Harvey (play) by Mary Chase, directed by Tudor Mărăscu
 1990 Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? by Edward Albee, directed by Mircea Cornişteanu
 1989 Legacy by Titus Popovici, directed by Horea Popescu and Mihai Manolescu
 1987 The Double Bass by Patrick Süskind, directed by Grigore Gonţa
 1984 Hollywood Story by Neil Simon,

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 directed by Grigore Gonţa
 1982 Amadeus by Peter Shaffer, directed by Dinu Cernescu
 1981 Filumena Marturano by Eduardo De Filippo
 1980 Caligula by Albert Camus, directed by Horea Popescu
 1977 Romulus the Great by Friedrich Dürrenmatt, directed by Sanda Manu
 1976 A Woman's Life by A.Baranga, directed by A.Baranga
 1976 Richard III by William Shakespeare, directed by Horea Popescu
 1974 Danton by Camil Petrescu, directed by Horea Popescu
 1973 Pathetic Simphony by A.Baranga, directed by A.Baranga
 1973 The Prisoner of Second Avenue by Neil Simon, directed by Mihail Berechet
 1971 Holiday Games by Mihail Sebastian, directed by Mihai Berechet
 1970 Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?by Edward Albee, directed by Michel Făgădău
 1969 Transplant of an Unknown Heart by Al. Mirodan, directed by Moni Ghelerter
 1968 The Killer by Eugène Ionesco, directed by Lucian Giurchescu
 1967 Public Opinion by Aurel Baranga, directed by Mihai Berechet
 1966 The Duck Head by G. Ciprian, directed by David Esrig
 1964 Rhinoceros by Eugène Ionesco, directed by Lucian Giurchescu
 1963 Head of the Department of Souls by Al. Mirodan, directed by Moni Ghelerter
 1962 The Trial of Mr. Caragiale by M. Ştefănescu, directed by David Esrig
 1961 Famous 702 by Al. Mirodan, directed by Moni Ghelerter
 1959 Valley of the Cookoo by Mihai Beniuc, directed by Sică Alexandrescu
 1958 The Tempest by William Shakespeare, directed by Moni Ghelerter
 1958 Invitation to the Castle by Jean Anouilh, directed by Sică Alexandrescu
 1958 Enemies by Maxim Gorki, directed by Alexandru Finţi
 1958 The Black Years by Aurel Baranga, directed by Sică Alexandrescu
 1957 Recipe for Happiness or What People Don't Talk About by Aurel Baranga, directed by Marietta Sadova
 1957 The Tyrants by Carlo Goldoni, directed by Sică Alexandrescu


texts:
 1956 Sunset by Barbu Ştefănescu Delavrancea, directed by Marietta Sadova, Mihail Zirra
 1956 The Journalists by Al. Sauvajon, directed by Val Mugur
 1946 Rocket to the Moon by Clifford Odets, directed by Marietta Sadova
 1946 Spring Has Come by John Van Druten, directed by Sică Alexandrescu
 1945 Kiss Me Immediately by Tudor Muşatescu and V.Timuş after J. Vaszari, directed by Ion Talianu
 1945 Knock by Jules Romains, directed by Sică Alexandrescu
 1945 A Kidnapped Woman by Louis Verneuil, directed by Sică Alexandrescu
 1944 Cardboard Lover by Jacques Deval, directed by Sică Alexandrescu
 1944 The Man Who Has Seen Death by Victor Eftimiu, directed by Sică Alexandrescu
 1944 The Doctor's Dilemma by George Bernard Shaw, directed by Sică Alexandrescu
 1944 I Dreamed of Paradise by Guido Cantini, directed by Sică Alexandrescu
 1944 A Money Man by George S. Kaufman, directed by Sică Alexandrescu
 1943 Love is a Lonely Child by Tudor Muşatescu after Schwartz and Lengbach, directed by M.Anghelescu
 1943 Boarding House of Love by Al. -  TV movie (1995) - George
 Trahir (1993) - Vlad
 După-amiaza unui torționar (2001) as Professor
 Inimă de țigan (2007) as Belmondo
 Medalia de onoare (2010) as Ion I. Ion

References

External links

 Radu Beligan page at the I.L. Caragiale National Theatre

1918 births
2016 deaths
Romanian male film actors
Romanian male stage actors
20th-century Romanian male actors
21st-century Romanian male actors
Romanian people of Greek descent
Chairpersons of the National Theatre Bucharest
People from Bacău County
Members of the Great National Assembly
Honorary members of the Romanian Academy
Romanian communists
Officiers of the Légion d'honneur
Burials at Bellu Cemetery
Grand Crosses of the Order of the Star of Romania
Recipients of the Order of Cultural Merit


texts: <mask> (, ; 5 September 189219 February 1973) was a Hungarian violinist. Born into a musical family, he spent his early childhood in a small town in Transylvania. He quickly proved himself to be a child prodigy on the violin, and moved to Budapest with his father to study with the renowned pedagogue Jenő Hubay. After completing his studies with Hubay in his early teens, <mask> began his international concert career. His performances at that time were primarily limited to salon-style recitals and the more overtly virtuosic repertoire; however, after making the acquaintance of pianist Ferruccio Busoni, he began to develop a much more thoughtful and intellectual approach to music that eventually earned him the nickname "The Scholarly Virtuoso". Following a bout of tuberculosis that required a stay in a sanatorium in Switzerland, <mask> settled in Geneva, where he became Professor of Violin at the local conservatory in 1917. It was in Geneva that he met his future wife, Wanda Ostrowska, and at roughly the same time he became friends with the composer Béla Bartók.Both relationships were to be lifelong. From the 1920s until 1960, <mask> performed regularly around the world and recorded extensively. He also distinguished himself as a strong advocate of new music, and was the dedicatee of many new works by contemporary composers. Among the more notable pieces written for him are Ernest Bloch's Violin Concerto, Bartók's Rhapsody No. 1, and Eugène Ysaÿe's Solo Sonata No. 1. After retiring from the concert stage in 1960, he worked at teaching and writing until his death in 1973, at the age of

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Joseph Szigeti
Szigeti
Szigeti
Szigeti


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 80.Biography

Early life

<mask> was born <mask> "Jóska" Singer to a Jewish family in Budapest, Austria-Hungary. His mother died when he was three years old, and soon thereafter the boy was sent to live with his grandparents in the little Carpathian town of Máramaros-Sziget (hence the name Szigeti). He grew up surrounded by music, as the town band was composed almost entirely of his uncles. After a few informal lessons on the cimbalom from his aunt, he received his first lessons on the violin from his Uncle Bernat at the age of six. <mask> quickly showed a talent for the violin. Several years later, his father took him to Budapest to receive proper training at the conservatory. After a brief stint with an inadequate teacher, Szigeti auditioned at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music and was admitted directly into the class of Jenő Hubay, without the usual delays and formalities.Hubay, who had been a student of <mask> in Berlin, had by that time established himself as one of the preeminent teachers in Europe and a fountainhead of the Hungarian violin tradition. <mask> joined such violinists as Franz von Vecsey, Emil Telmányi, Jelly d'Arányi and Stefi Geyer in Hubay's studio. In those days, Europe produced a great many child prodigies, inspired by the phenomenal success of the young Czech virtuoso Jan Kubelík and formed by rigorous teaching and enthusiastic parents. The Hubay studio was no exception; <mask> and his fellow wunderkinder performed extensively in special recitals and salon concerts during their study at the Liszt Academy. He went to study at the Conservateur in Budapest for 2 years

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Joseph Joachim
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 before his debut. In 1905, at the age of thirteen, <mask> made his Berlin debut playing Bach's Chaconne in D minor, Ernst's Concerto in F-sharp minor, and Paganini's Witches Dance. Despite the formidable program, the event received mention only by a photograph in the Sunday supplement of the Berliner Tageblatt captioned: "A Musical Prodigy: <mask>".<mask> spent the next few months with a summer theater company in a small Hungarian resort town, playing mini-recitals in between acts of folk operetta. In that same vein, the next year he played at a circus in Frankfurt, where he appeared under the pseudonym "Jóska Szulagi". Also in 1906, Hubay took <mask> to play for <mask> in Berlin. Joachim was impressed, and suggested that <mask> should finish his studies with him. <mask> declined the offer, both out of loyalty to Hubay and a perceived aloofness and lack of rapport between Joachim and his students. Broadening horizons
Soon after the meeting with Joachim, <mask> embarked on a major concert tour of England. Midway through the tour, in Surrey, he met a music-loving couple who effectively adopted him, extending an invitation to stay with them for an indefinite length of time.Throughout England, he gave many successful concerts, including the premiere of the first work dedicated to him: Hamilton Harty's Violin Concerto. Also during this time, <mask> toured with an all-star ensemble including legendary singer Dame Nellie Melba and pianists Ferruccio Busoni and Wilhelm Backhaus. Philippe Gaubert, a famous French flutist of the day, as well as the young singer John McCormack, were also part of these

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Josef Szigeti
Szigeti
Szigeti
Joseph Joachim
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Szigeti
Szigeti


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 tours. The most significant of the new contacts was Busoni. The great pianist and composer became <mask>'s mentor during these formative years, and the two would remain close friends until Busoni's death in 1924. By <mask>'s own admission, before meeting Busoni his life was characterized by a certain laziness and indifference brought on by the then-typical life of a young prodigy violinist. He had grown accustomed to playing crowd-pleasing salon miniatures and dazzling virtuosic encores without much thought.He knew little of the works of the great masters; he could play them, but not fully understand them. As <mask> put it, Busoni—particularly through their careful study of Bach's Chaconne—"shook me once and for all out of my adolescent complacency". Illness and new beginnings
In 1913, <mask> was diagnosed with tuberculosis and was sent to a sanatorium in Davos, Switzerland to recover, interrupting his concert career. During his stay at the sanatorium, he became re-acquainted with the composer Béla Bartók, who was recovering from pneumonia. His doctor recommended to practice the violin 25 to 30 minutes a day. The two had known each other only in passing during their conservatory days, but now they began a friendship that would last until Bartók's death in 1945. He was allowed to visit to him for the last time in 1943 in the Mount Sinai Hospital with his illness worsening, reading Turkish poems while they spread out on his hospital bed.In 1917, having by then made a full recovery, at age 25 <mask> was appointed Professor of Violin at the Geneva Conservatory of Music. <mask> said that this

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 job, although generally satisfying, was often frustrating due to the mediocre quality of many of his students. The years teaching in Geneva provided an opportunity for <mask> to deepen his understanding of music as an art, along with other aspects such as chamber music, orchestral performance, music theory and composition. Also during that time, <mask> met and fell in love with Wanda Ostrowska, a young woman of Russian parentage who had been stranded in Geneva by the Russian Revolution of 1917. They married in 1919. American debut

In 1925, <mask> met Leopold Stokowski and played the Bach Chaconne in D minor for him. Less than two weeks later, <mask> received a telegram from Stokowski's manager in Philadelphia inviting him to perform with the Philadelphia Orchestra later that year: it was his American debut.<mask> had never played with an American orchestra before, nor heard one, and later he wrote of suffering stage fright. He was taken aback by the American concert scene, and the way that its publicity and popularity driven agents and managers determined much of what was heard in American concert halls. He believed they were not interested in works by the great masters, but preferred the popular light salon pieces he had left behind in his prodigy days. (To the end of his life, <mask> loved to quote one memorable, cigar-chewing impresario who told him, with regard to Beethoven's Kreutzer Sonata, "Well, let me tell you, Mister Dzigedy—and I know what I’m talking about—your Krewtzer Sonata bores the pants off my audiences!") Maturity
By 1930, <mask> was established as a major international

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 concert violinist. He performed extensively in Europe, the United States and Asia, and made the acquaintance of many of the era's leading instrumentalists, conductors and composers. In 1939, to escape the war and Nazi persecution of the Jews, <mask> emigrated with his wife to the United States, where they settled in California.(A year later, Bartók also fled to America, and just two days after his arrival, he and <mask> played a sonata recital at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C.)

During the 1930s, 1940s and into the 1950s, <mask> recorded extensively, leaving a significant legacy. Notable recordings include the above-mentioned Library of Congress sonata recital; the studio recording of Bartók's Contrasts with Benny Goodman on clarinet and the composer at the piano; the violin concertos of Beethoven, Brahms, Mendelssohn, Prokofiev (No. 1) and Bloch under the batons of such conductors as Bruno Walter, Hamilton Harty and Sir Thomas Beecham; and various works by J.S. Bach, Busoni, Corelli, Handel and Mozart. One of his last recordings was of the Six Sonatas and Partitas for solo violin by Bach; although his technique had deteriorated noticeably by that time, the recording is prized for Szigeti's insight and depth of interpretation. In 1950, <mask> was detained at Ellis Island upon returning from a European concert tour and was held for several days, officially "temporarily excluded" from the country. The reasons for his detention remain unclear.The following year, he became a naturalized American citizen. Later years

During the 1950s, <mask> began to develop arthritis in his hands

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 and his playing deteriorated. Despite his weakened technical mastery, his intellect and musical expression were still strong, and he continued to draw large audiences to his concerts. In Naples, Italy, in November 1956, just after the Soviets crushed the Hungarian uprising, as soon as he walked onto the stage the audience burst into wild applause and shouts of Viva l’Ungheria! (Italian for "Long live Hungary! "), delaying the concert for nearly fifteen minutes. In 1960 <mask> officially retired from performing, and returned to Switzerland with his wife.There he devoted himself primarily to teaching, although he still traveled regularly to judge international violin competitions. Top-class students from all over Europe and the United States came to study under him. One of these students was Arnold Steinhardt, who spent the summer of 1962 with <mask>. He came to the conclusion that "<mask> was a template for the musician I would like to become: inquisitive, innovative, sensitive, feeling, informed". Toward the end of his life, <mask> suffered from frail health. He was put on strict diets and had several stays in hospital, but his friends asserted that this did nothing to dampen his characteristic cheerfulness. He died in Lucerne, Switzerland on February 19, 1973, at the age of 80.The New York Times ran a front-page obituary that ended with this 1966 quote from violinist Yehudi Menuhin:
We must be humbly grateful that the breed of cultured and chivalrous violin virtuosos, aristocrats as human beings and as musicians, has survived into our hostile age in the person of <mask>. Family life
In

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Szigeti
Szigeti
Joseph Szigeti
Szigeti
Joseph Szigeti


texts: 1918, while teaching in Geneva, <mask> met and fell in love with Wanda Ostrowska. She was born in Russia and had been stranded by the Russian Revolution of 1917 with her sister at a finishing school in Geneva. In 1919, <mask> and Ostrowska decided to get married, but due to the turbulent political situation in Europe, many unexpected bureaucratic obstacles were thrown up in their path. The first problem was the impossibility of contacting Ostrowska's family, and the couple were forced to go ahead without parental consent, with the permission only of Ostrowska's sister and the headmistress of the finishing school. Further bureaucratic entanglements threatened the young couple's hopes, but eventually the officials responsible granted them a dispensation to marry. <mask> recalls in his memoirs the words of Consul General Baron de Montlong at the critical moment: Let us not, if we can avoid it, fall victim to the dead letter of the law.I don't want to postpone the happiness of these two youngsters if we can help it. All laws have been twisted and tortured out of semblance of law, what with war and revolutions. For once let's twist and turn one for a good cause, yes? Just before the birth of their only child, daughter Irene, <mask> found himself stuck in Berlin during the Kapp Putsch of 1920, unable to return to Geneva. The entire city had been paralyzed by a general strike, and the trains were not running. His scheduled concert could not go on as planned, but he was forced to stay in Berlin for "interminable days" while the Putsch ran its course. <mask> writes: "... the impossibility of


texts: communicating by phone or wire with my wife--whose condition I pictured with the somewhat lurid pessimism usual to young prospective fathers--was certainly a greater torment to me than all the other discomforts put together".By 1940, the outbreak of World War II forced the Szigetis to leave Europe for the United States. (Irene remained in Switzerland, having married pianist Nikita Magaloff earlier that year.) They settled in California, where Wanda, always fond of nature, was delighted to be able to raise her own garden. In a letter to a friend, Szigeti describes their California life: Wanda is happy, doing wonders with her gardening, chicken and rabbit raising, preserve and pâté de foie making. She doesn't budge from our place, doesn't want to come back to New York even for a visit, which I, for one, can well understand! Two dogs, an aviary full of exotic birds, tomatoes, grapes, strawberries, asparagus, artichokes, lovely flowers (camellias too! ), right in our own little world.<mask> narrowly escaped being killed in the plane crash that claimed the life of movie star Carole Lombard in January 1942. <mask>, who was on his way to Los Angeles for a concert, was forced to give up his seat on TWA Flight 3 at a refueling stop in Albuquerque, NM to allow the plane to take on 15 soldiers who, it being wartime, had priority. The plane, off course at night and with wartime blackout conditions in effect, crashed into a mountain cliff after takeoff from an intermediate stop in Las Vegas, killing everyone on board. In 1960, the couple returned to Europe and settled near Lake Geneva in Switzerland,

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 close to the home of their daughter and son-in-law. They remained there for the rest of their lives. Wanda died in 1971, predeceasing her husband by two years. Reception

Critics

Writing in the New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Boris Schwarz commented:
<mask>'s performing technique was not always flawless and his tone lacked sensuous beauty, although it acquired a spiritual quality in moments of inspiration ... <mask> held the bow in an old-fashioned way, with the elbow close to the body, and produced much emphatic power, but not without extraneous sounds.Minor reservations, however, were swept aside by the force of his musical personality. This comment illustrates well the general nature of <mask>'s reception by both critics and fellow musicians: while his musical insights, intellect, and depth of interpretation were almost universally lauded, the purely technical aspect of his playing was awarded a more mixed reaction. His tone in particular seems to have been occasionally uneven from performance to performance. A 1926 recital review in The New York Times, for example, laments that ... his performance was stiff and dry in its observance of letter and its absence of spirit ... Mr. <mask> was not only inclined to dryness of tone and angularity of phrase, but there were also passages of poor intonation. In contrast, a review from the previous year in the same journal remarked after a performance of the Beethoven concerto that Mr. <mask> has a rather small but beautiful tone, elegance, finish. He played with a quiet sincerity which grew upon the audience, though not with the


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 virility and sweep that other violinists find ... it is clear that Mr. <mask> is a player to command esteem and respect for his musicianship, for the genuineness of his interpretations, and his artistic style. Musicians
Among his fellow musicians, <mask> was widely admired and respected.Violinist Nathan Milstein wrote that <mask>... was an incredibly cultured musician. Actually his talent grew out of his culture ... I always admired him, and he was respected by musicians ... in his late years, he finally got the appreciation he deserved from the general public as well. In his memoirs, published in 2004, cellist János Starker asserts that <mask> was one of the giants among the violinists I had heard from childhood on, and my admiration for him is undiminished up to this day. Starker then describes a recital he attended late in Szigeti's career, illustrating both the extent to which Szigeti was suffering from arthritis and his ability to still communicate his musical ideas effectively:
"He invited me to his recital in Town Hall ... the first few minutes were excruciating: as I saw later, his fingers had deteriorated to the point that he had almost no flesh on them. But once he loosened up a bit he produced heart-rending beauty. Violinist Yehudi Menuhin comments at length about Szigeti in his own memoirs, remarking as many others did on Szigeti's intellectual approach to music, but in a somewhat more critical fashion:
Apart from Enesco, he was the most cultivated violinist I have ever known but while Enesco was a force of nature, Szigeti, slender, small, anxious, was a beautifully fashioned

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 piece of porcelain, a priceless Sèvres vase.Curiously for a Hungarian, from whom one expects wild, energetic, spontaneous qualities, <mask> travelled even farther up a one-way road of deliberate intellectualism. A young accompanist who worked with <mask> told me that two hours concentration wouldn't get them beyond the first three bars of a sonata--so much analysis and ratiocination went into his practice ... A similar persnicketiness marked his adjudication. Shortly before he died in 1973, he was a member of our jury at the City of London Carl Flesch Concours ... I was struck not only by the sharpness of his intellect but also by what seemed to me the perversity of his opinions. Some particular aspect of a competitor's playing would hold his attention, and he would take violent issue with it, to the exclusion of everything else. For him a violinist was made or broken, a prize awarded or withheld, on details that to me scarcely mattered. Nevertheless, Menuhin too referred to <mask> as "a violinist whom I much admired and a man of whom I was very fond".Legacy

The writer
During his time in America, <mask> took to writing; his memoirs, With Strings Attached: Reminiscences and Reflections were published in 1947. The New York Times reviewed it favorably: although in their description the book was "constructed along utterly anarchistic lines, with each episode and anecdote left pretty much on its own", they asserted that "It also has the flavor of life in it, and it is marked by an exhilarating revolt against the custom of arranging catastrophes and triumphs under neat chapter headings". In


texts: 1969, he published his treatise on violin playing, <mask> on the Violin. In it <mask> presents his opinions about the then-current state of violin playing and the various challenges and issues facing musicians in the modern world, as well as a detailed examination of violin technique as he understood it. A recurring theme in the first part is the changing nature of violinist's lives during Szigeti's later years. In his youth, concert artists relied primarily on recitals to establish themselves and attract critical attention and acclaim; by the time of <mask>'s writings, the recital had been eclipsed in importance by the competition. <mask> was dismayed by this trend, especially since he considered the fast-paced and intense preparation necessary for high-level competitions to be "…incompatible with the slow maturing either of the performing artist or of the repertoire."<mask> believed that such accelerated development of a musician led to performances that "lack(ed) the stamp of authenticity, the mark of a personal view evolved through trial and error." In a similar vein, he was skeptical of the effects produced by the recording industry on the culture of music-making. In <mask>'s opinion, the allure of the recording contract and the instant "success" that it implied led many young artists to record works before they were musically ready, and thus contributed to the problem of artificially fast development and resulting musical immaturity. <mask> also offers a lengthy and detailed explanation of his approach to violin technique. He believed that a violinist should be concerned primarily


texts:
 with musical goals, rather than simply choosing either the easiest or most impressively virtuosic way to play a certain passage. He was particularly concerned with tone color: he advised that "The player should cultivate a seismograph-like sensitivity to brusque changes of tone colour caused by fingerings based on expediency and comfort rather than the composer’s manifest or probable intentions." Other topics prominently discussed include the most effective position of a violinist's left hand, the violin works of Béla Bartók, a cautionary list of widely accepted misprints and editorial inaccuracies in the standard repertoire, and most notably, the vital importance of J.S.Bach's Six Sonatas and Partitas for any violinist's technical and artistic development. New music

<mask> was an avid champion of new music, and frequently planned his recitals to include new or little-known works alongside the classics. Many composers wrote new works for him, notably Béla Bartók, Ernest Bloch, and Eugène Ysaÿe, along with lesser-known composers such as David Diamond and Hamilton Harty. The reason for Szigeti's appeal to composers was articulated by Bloch upon completion of his Violin Concerto: the concerto's premiere would have to be delayed a full year for <mask> to be the soloist, and Bloch agreed, saying that Modern composers realize that when Szigeti plays their music, their inmost fancy, their slightest intentions become fully realized, and their music is not exploited for the glorification of the artist and his technique, but that artist and technique become the humble servant of the music. Szigeti


texts: was also the dedicatee of the first of Eugène Ysaÿe's Six Sonatas for Solo Violin; in fact, Ysaÿe's inspiration to compose the sonatas came from hearing Szigeti's performances of J.S. Bach's Six Sonatas and Partitas, to which they are intended as a modern counterpart. Perhaps Szigeti's most fruitful musical partnership was with his friend Béla Bartók.The first piece Bartók dedicated to him was the First Rhapsody for violin and orchestra (or piano) of 1928; the rhapsody, based on both Romanian and Hungarian folk tunes, was one of a pair of violin rhapsodies written in 1928 (the other being dedicated to Zoltán Székely.) In 1938, <mask> and clarinetist Benny Goodman teamed up to commission a trio from Bartók: originally intended to be a short work just long enough to fill both sides of a 78 rpm record, the piece soon expanded beyond its modest intent and became the three-movement Contrasts for piano, violin and clarinet. In 1944, by which time <mask> and Bartók had both fled to the United States to escape the war in Europe, Bartók's health was failing and he had sunk into depression. He was in dire need of money, but felt no inspiration to compose and was convinced that his works would never sell to an American audience. <mask> came to his friend's aid by securing donations from the American Society of Composers and Publishers to pay for Bartók's medical treatment, and then, together with conductor and compatriot Fritz Reiner, persuaded Serge Koussevitzky to commission from Bartók what eventually became his much-beloved Concerto for Orchestra. The work's success brought Bartók some measure of

masks: Szigeti Szigeti Szigeti


texts:
 financial security and provided him with a much-needed emotional boost. As well as performing new works dedicated to him, <mask> also championed the music of other contemporary composers, notably Sergei Prokofiev and Igor Stravinsky.He was among the first violinists to make Prokofiev's First Violin Concerto a standard part of his repertoire, and frequently performed and recorded works of Stravinsky (including the Duo Concertante, recorded with the composer at the piano in 1945.) The Berg Violin Concerto he even recorded twice, under the baton of Dimitri Mitropoulos. Most famously, Szigeti recorded the Bloch concerto, a premier recording made in 1939 with the Orchestre de la Société des Concerts du Conservatoire conducted by Charles Munch (originally released on Columbia LP and reissued on Membran CD). Notes

References
<mask>, <mask>:
With Strings Attached: Reminiscences and Reflections. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1947
Szigeti on the Violin: Improvisations on a Violinist's Themes (N.Y., 1969). Szigeti on the Violin. Dover Publications, 1979
Hughes, Spike: Introduction to Szigeti on the Violin, by <mask>.Dover Publications, 1979
Campbell, Margaret: The Great Violinists. Doubleday and Company, New York, 1981
Menuhin, Yehudi: Unfinished Journey: 20 Years Later, Sync Music Company, 1996
Roth Henry: <mask>, in Violin Virtuosos, From Paganini to the 21st Century, Los Angeles, California Classics Books, 1997, pp. 92–101
Steinhardt, Arnold: Violin Dreams, Houghton Mifflin, 2006
Molkhou Jean-Michel: <mask>, in Les grands violonistes du XXe siècle. Tome 1- De Kreisler à Kremer, 1875-1947, Paris,

masks:
Szigeti
Szigeti
Joseph
Joseph Szigeti
Joseph Szigeti
Joseph Szigeti


texts:
 Buchet Chastel, 2011, pp. 83–89
"<mask>zigeti." Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians, Centennial Edition. Nicolas Slonimsky, Editor Emeritus.Schirmer, 2001. External links

Profile of Szigeti
Analysis of a Szigeti recording

Hungarian classical violinists
Male classical violinists
Jewish classical violinists
Hungarian Jews
Musicians from Budapest
1892 births
1973 deaths
20th-century classical violinists
20th-century Hungarian male


texts:
<mask> (born September 26, 1988) is an American professional baseball pitcher  who is a free agent. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Tampa Bay Rays and Pittsburgh Pirates. <mask> attended Clayton High School in Clayton, North Carolina. He was drafted by the Cleveland Indians in the fifth round of the 2006 MLB draft. After he was traded to the Chicago Cubs and then the Rays, he made his MLB debut in 2012. <mask> was selected to the 2015 and 2017 MLB All-Star Games. Amateur career
<mask> attended Clayton High School in Clayton, North Carolina, where he played for the school's baseball team.He signed a letter of intent to attend the University of Miami, but decided to turn professional after high school. <mask> pitched to an 8–3 win–loss record with a 1.75 earned run average (ERA) during his senior season at Clayton. Professional career

Cleveland Indians
<mask> was drafted by the Cleveland Indians in the fifth round of the 2006 MLB draft. He joined the Rookie-level Gulf Coast Indians after signing. He also pitched in one game for the Burlington Indians of the Rookie-level Appalachian League. <mask> remained with the Gulf Coast Indians to start the 2007 season. In 2008, <mask> had a 4–8 win–loss record in 27 games started for the Lake County Captains of the Class A South Atlantic League.Chicago Cubs
On December 31, 2008, <mask> was traded, with John Gaub and Jeff Stevens to the Chicago Cubs for Mark DeRosa. <mask> pitched for the Peoria Chiefs of the Class A Midwest League during the 2009 season, and was 6–4 with a 2.81 ERA and 119 strikeouts (seventh in the league) in 109 innings while leading the league with 66 walks, and not allowing any home runs. In 2010, <mask> had a 15–3 win-loss record with a 2.34 earned run average (ERA) and 149 strikeouts in 142.1 innings between the Daytona Cubs of the Class A-Advanced Florida State League and Tennessee Smokies of the Class AA Southern

masks:
Christopher Alan Archer
Archer
Archer
Archer
Archer
Archer
Archer
Archer
Archer
Archer
Archer


texts:
 League. He was third among all minor league pitcher in wins, and seventh in ERA. With Daytona, <mask> had a streak of 41 innings pitched without allowing an earned run. He was named the Cubs' Minor League Pitcher of the Year, and the Cubs added him to their 40-man roster to protect him from being selected by another team in the Rule 5 Draft. After the season, <mask> pitched for the United States national baseball team in the qualifying tournament for the 2011 Pan American Games.Defeating the Cuban national baseball team, USA Baseball called <mask>'s game the International Performance of the Year. Tampa Bay Rays

In January 2011, the Cubs traded <mask> to the Tampa Bay Rays with Hak-ju Lee, Brandon Guyer, Robinson Chirinos, and Sam Fuld for Matt Garza, Fernando Perez, and Zac Rosscup. At the start of the season, he was rated the 27th-best prospect in baseball by Baseball America. Pitching for the Montgomery Biscuits of the Class AA Southern League, <mask> had a 5.85 ERA through the first two months of the season and a 5.27 ERA at the end of the first half of the season. In the second half, he made a turnaround, going 5–4 with a 3.45 ERA. <mask> received a promotion to the Durham Bulls of the Class AAA International League, making two starts for the Bulls at the end of the season, and allowing only one run. Between the two teams he was a combined 9–7 with a 4.09 ERA, and 130 strikeouts in 147.1 innings, and led the Southern League with 18 wild pitches.2012 season
Baseball America rated <mask> the Rays' third-best prospect and the 89th-best prospect in baseball before the 2012 season. <mask> pitched to a 4–8 win–loss record with a 4.81 ERA in 14 games started for Durham to start the 2012 season. He was promoted to the major leagues for the first time on June 20, starting in place of the injured Jeremy Hellickson. In his MLB debut, <mask> allowed three hits and three runs (one earned) while

masks: Archer Archer Archer Archer Archer Archer Archer Archer Archer


texts:
 recording seven strikeouts in six innings, becoming the first pitcher the Rays did not draft to start a game for the team since Matt Garza on September 30, 2010. <mask> became the first pitcher to register an at-bat at Oriole Park at Camden Yards when he finished an at-bat for injured Ryan Roberts, striking out under orders not to swing. He recorded his first major league win on September 19, 2012, against the Boston Red Sox at Tropicana Field after going five innings and giving up three earned runs. In 2012 with the Bulls, he was 7–9 with a 3.66 ERA, and led the league with 139 strikeouts in 128 innings.2013 season
<mask> began the 2013 season with Triple-A Durham. He was called up on June 1, 2013, to start against the Cleveland Indians. In his first extended action in the majors, <mask> went 9–7 with a 3.22 ERA in 23 starts. Among AL rookies, <mask> ranked first in ERA, opponents' average (.226), complete games (two), shutouts (two), hits per nine innings (7.5) and WHIP (1.13). He was named the AL Pitcher of the Month and AL Rookie of the Month for July. <mask> finished third in voting for AL Rookie of the Year, behind Detroit's Jose Iglesias and teammate Wil Myers. 2014 season
On April 2, 2014, it was announced that <mask> had agreed to a six-year extension with the Rays worth $25.5 million guaranteed.The two option years would pay <mask> about $9 million and $11 million, with the total contract maxing out at $43.75 million for all eight seasons. For the season, he went 10–9 with a 3.33 ERA, 1.28 WHIP and 173 strikeouts in  innings pitched. 2015 season
<mask> was named the Rays' Opening Day starter after Alex Cobb was placed on the 15-day Disabled List to begin the season. On June 2, <mask> struck out 15 batters in a 6–1 victory over the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. <mask> was selected to the 2015 MLB All-Star Game, where he pitched 1.1 innings and gave up one run. On August 20, he threw

masks: Archer Archer Archer Archer Archer Archer Archer Archer Archer Archer


texts:
 a one-hit shutout against the Houston Astros, in which he threw only 98 pitches and struck out 11. <mask> finished the season 12–13 with a 3.23 ERA (fifth in the league) and 252 strikeouts (second), in 212 innings (sixth).His strikeout total surpassed Scott Kazmir's 2007 total for the most in a single season by a Rays pitcher. <mask> finished 5th in the American League Cy Young Award voting, behind Dallas Keuchel, David Price, Sonny Gray, and <mask>. <mask> also provided guest color commentary for ESPN in their coverage of the 2015 American League Wild Card Game, and served as a guest commentator for Baseball Tonight and ESPN Radio during that year's World Series. 2016 season

<mask> was a favorite among many baseball writers and fans to win the Cy Young Award before the season started after his strong 2015. Despite these expectations, <mask> took a step back in 2016, posting a 4.66 ERA in the first half of the season. <mask> rebounded strongly in the second half, however, and posted a 3.25 ERA. He finished the season with a 4.02 ERA, 233 strikeouts (tied for second in the American League behind Justin Verlander), and a 10.4 strikeouts per nine ratio, in 201.1 innings (8th).He also led the majors with 19 losses, which can be attributed to his giving up 30 home runs and poor 3.48 run support. Following the season, <mask> once again served as a guest analyst for ESPN and ESPN Radio during the 2016 World Series. 2017 season
After pitching in the World Baseball Classic, <mask> received the nod as the Rays opening day starter. He allowed only 2 runs in 7 innings, receiving the win. In May, <mask> set a franchise record for strikeouts in a month with 58, topping David Price's record of 53. On July 6, <mask> was named to his second career all-star game. On August 17, <mask> recorded his 1,000th career strikeout, becoming the 9th player in history to achieve this feat in 154 games or less.After a

masks:
Archer
Archer
Chris Sale
Archer
Archer
Archer
Archer
Archer
Archer
Archer
Archer
Archer


texts:
 strong end to August, capped off by a 7 inning, one run performance in St. Louis, <mask> looked poised to finish above .500 for the first time since 2014, ending the month of August at 9–7 with a 3.66 ERA. However over his next 5 games he went 0–5 allowing 18 runs and failing to get past the 4th inning in 4 of the 5 games played, and his ERA skyrocketed to 4.18. His ended his season with a 10–12 record and a 4.07 ERA, a career high. He did, however, finish the season with 249 strikeouts, good for 3rd in the American League, as well as an 11.1 strikeouts per nine ratio, in 201 innings (6th). He tied for the major league lead in wild pitches, with 15. 2018 season
<mask> was chosen as the opening day starter for the fourth year in a row. On May 1, <mask> threw his 1,000th career inning.On June 5, <mask> was put on the 10-day disabled list with an abdominal strain. Pittsburgh Pirates
On July 31, 2018, <mask> was traded to the Pittsburgh Pirates in exchange for Tyler Glasnow, Austin Meadows and a player to be named later, later revealed to be Shane Baz. In a game on April 7, 2019, against the Cincinnati Reds, <mask> gave up a second-inning, two-run home run to Derek Dietrich. As the ball flew over the wall, Dietrich stayed at home plate and admired the ball for a few seconds as it went over before he started running. When Dietrich returned to bat in the fourth inning, <mask> threw a ball behind Dietrich's back. Benches cleared, five people were ejected, and <mask> struck out Dietrich when play resumed. <mask> denied intent, but received a five-game suspension on April 9.For the season, he was 3–9 with a career-worst 5.19 ERA. On June 3, 2020, it was announced that <mask> would be out until 2021 after he underwent surgery for thoracic outlet syndrome. On October 31, 2020, the Pirates declined <mask>'s club option for 2021, making him a free agent for the first time in his career. Tampa Bay Rays

masks: Archer Archer Archer Archer Archer Archer Archer Archer Archer Archer Archer


texts:
 (second stint)
On February 2, 2021, <mask> signed a one-year, $6.5 million contract with the Tampa Bay Rays, pending a physical. On February 9, <mask> passed his physical and the deal became official. On May 8, 2021, <mask> was placed on the 60-day injured list with forearm tightness. On August 22, the Rays activated <mask> from the injured list.International career
<mask> pitched for Team USA in the 2017 World Baseball Classic. In his only start of the tournament, the first game for Team USA, <mask> pitched four perfect innings against Colombia in a 3–2, extra-inning victory for the US. Scouting profile
<mask> is listed at  and . He throws a four-seam fastball between  that can reach 99 mph (159 km/h). His secondary pitches include a dominating slider at 86–89 mph, and circle change from 86 to 90 mph. According to Pedro Martinez, <mask> was prone to expose the ball too early, long before release, leading to batters getting clear clues to his pitches, and compounded by his slow release time compared to other right-handed low-three-quarters-position pitchers like Edinson Vólquez and Jacob deGrom. Personal life
<mask>'s biological mother, Sonya Clark, is Caucasian.His biological father, Darryl Magnum, is African-American. Sonya has two other children with a different father. <mask> was raised by Donna and <mask>, his maternal grandparents, who adopted him when he was two years old. References

External links

1988 births
Living people
African-American baseball players
American League All-Stars
Baseball players from Raleigh, North Carolina
Burlington Indians players (1986–2006)
Daytona Cubs players
Durham Bulls players
Gulf Coast Indians players
Lake County Captains players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Montgomery Biscuits players
Peoria Chiefs players
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Tampa Bay Rays players
Tennessee Smokies players
World Baseball Classic players of the United States
2017 World Baseball

masks:
Archer
Archer
Archer
Archer
Archer
Archer
Archer
Archer
Archer
Chris
Ron Archer


texts:
<mask> (; 24 October 1922 – 25 November 1950) was the eldest son of <mask> and Yang Kaihui. Educated in Moscow and a veteran of multiple wars, <mask> was killed in action by an air strike during the Korean War. Early life

<mask> was born at Central South University Xiangya Hospital in Changsha, Hunan Province. His mother, Yang Kaihui, second wife of Communist Leader <mask>, was executed by the Kuomintang in 1930. He and his younger brother, <mask>, escaped to Shanghai. Their father was in Jiangxi province at the time, and they were enrolled into the Datong Kindergarten, which was run covertly by the Chinese Communist Party for the children of CCP leaders and operated by Dong Jianwu (董健吾) under the alias "Pastor Wang". In 1933, after the Kuomintang expulsion of the CCP from Jianxi Soviet, support for the Datong Kindergarten dried up and <mask> and his brother ended up on the streets.World War II

In 1936, <mask> was located by Dong and Kang Sheng and taken to Moscow, where he was enrolled with his brother Anqing at Interdom in the Soviet Union under the name "Sergei Yun Fu". His stepmother, He Zizhen would join them there after being wounded in battle; despite the fact that <mask>'s father had left his mother for He, <mask> had a good relationship with her and his-half sister Li Min who joined them in 1941. During the Second World War, <mask> successfully petitioned Joseph Stalin to allow him and his brother Anqing to join the Soviet Red Army. <mask> graduated from the Frunze Military Academy and the Lenin Military-Political Academy in 1943 and served as an artillery officer for the 1st Belorussian Front in the fight against the Third Reich in Poland, Czechoslovakia, and the final Battle of Berlin. In

masks:
Mao Anying
Mao Zedong
Mao
Mao
Mao Zedong
Mao Anqing
Mao
Mao
Mao
Anying
Anying
Mao


texts:
 1946, <mask> returned to Yan'an, where he served under Kang Sheng in fighting against the Kuomintang and defeating them in the Shanxi Province, reaching the rank of Major General in the Peoples Liberation Army. Upon his return to Beijing, <mask> became a Secretary and Translator for Li Kenong in the Intelligence Department of the CCP and also the Deputy Secretary of the CCP Branch for the Beijing General Machinery Factory. Korean War and death
In June 1950, <mask> requested to join the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA) as an officer in the Korean War.PVA commander Peng Dehuai and other high-ranking officers, fearing <mask>'s reaction if his favorite son was to be killed in combat, had long opposed allowing <mask> to join the PVA and tried to prevent him from entering. <mask> overrode Peng, who allegedly shouted, "He is <mask>'s son. Why should it be anything else?" Peng instead had <mask> assigned to himself as his secretary and Russian translator, under the pseudonym "Secretary Liu" at the PVA headquarters, located in caves near an old gold mining settlement in Tongchang County. This location offered excellent protection from UN air attacks and was far from the front lines of the war. However, the safety was an illusion, as the airspace was completely controlled by the US Air Force. On the evening of 24 November, two United Nations (UN) aircraft, P-61s on a photo reconnaissance mission, were seen overhead.According to multiple Chinese eyewitnesses, sometime between 10:00 am and noon on 25 November, four Douglas A-26 Invaders dropped napalm bombs in the area. One of the bombs destroyed a makeshift building near the caves, killing <mask> and another officer. Several conflicting reasons have been

masks:
Mao
Mao
Mao
Mao Zedong
Mao
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong
Mao
Mao


texts:
 given as to why <mask> was in the building, including suggestions that he was cooking food during daylight, in violation of Chinese Army regulations, fetching documents, or sleeping late due to night duties, which had led to him missing breakfast. Another reason given was that due to the high amount of communications, being the PVA headquarters, the Americans were able to combine aerial reconnaissance with the direction of radio waves, to locate its location. His body was reportedly burnt beyond recognition and was only identifiable through a Soviet watch given to him by Joseph Stalin. Peng immediately reported <mask>'s death to the Central Military Commission, but Zhou Enlai ordered the CMC and Politburo not to inform <mask>. It was only in January 1951, when <mask> asked his personal secretary Ye Zilong to have <mask> transferred back to China, that Ye inform him of the news.<mask> had been buried in Pyongyang, in the Cemetery for the Heroes of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army. Some sources claim that Peng Dehuai's fall from grace after the Great Leap Forward and subsequent persecution during the Cultural Revolution was connected to <mask>'s death, for which <mask> supposedly held Peng responsible. Disputes regarding death
The only unit operating the A-26 in Korea at the time was the 3rd Bomb Group, of the United States Air Force (USAF). Some accounts have claimed, most likely incorrectly, that the pilot responsible was Captain G. B. Lipawsky of the South African Air Force. However, the only aircraft flown by South African pilots in Korea was the Mustang fighter bomber, which was unlikely to have been mistaken for the larger, twin-engine A-26s. Some Chinese citizens who oppose <mask> commemorate

masks:
Mao
Mao
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong
Mao
Mao
Mao Anying
Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong


texts:
 the anniversary of <mask>'s death by eating egg fried rice. According to some accounts, on the morning of November 25, 1950 <mask> had overslept, once awake, he stole eggs from the general's supplies to cook egg fried rice for himself despite orders that staff were only to cook at night for fear of American air raids.It is alleged that his preparation of that meal drew the attention of American bombers, contributing to his demise. Egg fried rice protests are a form of internet protest used by Chinese users occurring yearly around October 24, <mask>'s birthday, or around November 25, the date of his death. Posting recipes for egg fried rice is done as a subtle jab at the death of <mask> during the Korean War; such posts are usually blocked or taken down by Chinese officials and can lead to sanctions against those involved. See also

 Yakov Dzhugashvili
 Chiang Wei-kuo

References

1922 births
1950 deaths
Children of national leaders
<mask> family
Chinese people of World War II
Chinese military personnel of the Korean War
Soviet military personnel of World War II
Chinese expatriates in the Soviet Union
Chinese military personnel killed in the Korean War
Frunze Military Academy alumni
Deaths by airstrike
People from Changsha
People of the Republic of China
National Heroes of North

masks:
Mao Anying
Mao
Anying
Anying
Mao Zedong


texts:
<mask> (Feb 1594 – 26 June 1638) was High Sheriff of Gloucestershire in 1629. He was lord of the manor of Pucklechurch, Gloucestershire. The <mask> family produced more Sheriffs of Gloucestershire than any other family. Like many members of the Gloucestershire gentry he refused to take a knighthood at the coronation of King Charles I in 1625, for which he paid a composition of £25. Origins
He was baptised in February 1594 in the parish church of St Thomas a Becket, Pucklechurch. He was the eldest son and heir of John "Dennys"(d.1609) the angling poet, by Elianor Millett, daughter of Thomas Millett of Warwickshire. He was aged only 15 on his father's death.The Denys family became established in Gloucestershire in about 1379 when Sir Gilbert Denys(d.1422) moved from Waterton, Bridgend in Glamorgan, Wales
to marry the young widow Margaret Corbet(1352–1398), the sole heiress of her paternal manors of Siston, Alveston and Earthcott Green. The family name changed from its mediaeval spelling after about 1600 to <mask>. The earliest record of the family is in a Glamorgan Latin charter of 1258, where Willelmus le Deneys appears as a witness to an exchange of land between Gilbert de Turberville of Coity Castle and Margam Abbey. This early form of the name in Norman French can be translated as "The Dane", and the name was generally Latinised to Dacus, the adjectival form of Dacia, the mediaeval Latin name for Denmark. Marriages
He married twice:
Firstly aged 21 in 1615 Margaret Speake(d.1622), a daughter

masks:
Henry Dennis
Dennis
Dennis


texts:
 of Sir George Speake, KB, of Whitelackington, Somerset, by Philippa Rosewell, daughter of William Rosewell(c. 1520–1567) of Devon, Solicitor-General to Queen Elizabeth I.

Secondly, after 1626, Jane Whitmore(1587–1639), who was buried at Bath Abbey, widow of Nathaniel Still(d.1626) of Hutton, Somerset, son of John Still(1543–1607/8), Bishop of Bath & Wells, who purchased Hutton Court in 1604. Jane Whitmore was a daughter of William Whitmore(d.1593), a haberdasher of Balmes Manor, Hackney and of Apley Hall, Shropshire. Jane's nephew was Sir Thomas Whitmore, 1st Baronet(1612–1653).There is a stone sculpted memorial to Nathaniel Still in the parish church of Hutton, showing him and his wife and children kneeling in prayer. Progeny
He had the following two sons by his first wife:
<mask> (1616–1660), High Sheriff of Gloucestershire in 1649. He was patron of the church of Oldbury on the Hill, Glos. in 1641. He married in about 1639 Mary Still(d.18/8/1698), daughter of Nathaniel Still of Hutton, Somerset, who was therefore the daughter of his step-mother Jane Whitmore, who died in the same year, a year after the death of John's father and her 2nd husband <mask>. <mask> (1620–1649), died aged 29, buried at Pucklechurch

Residence

It is not known with certainty which house in the village was the caput of the manor, that is to say the "manor house", in which the <mask> family would have lived. The manor appears to have had no resident lord of the manor until after the Dissolution of the Monasteries,

masks:
John Dennis
Henry
Henry Dennis
Dennis


texts:
 before which time the manor was held as demesne lands of the Bishop of Bath and Wells.The Denys family had held the farm of Pucklechurch from about 1400, and were resident at the adjacent manor of Siston, thus no manor house was needed. The canons of Bath & Wells did however regularly visit their manor to hold a manorial court, and there must have existed a suitable hall-type building for this purpose. It is thought however that the cadet branch of the <mask> family, which became lords of the manor after the Dissolution, lived in the 17th-century house now called "Moat House", but shown on tithe maps as "Great House", also known formerly as "Old Hall". This house now retains only the right-most three of what are believed to have been its original seven gables to its front elevation. The ground floor front left room was formerly the ante-room to the great hall and has a fine plaster ceiling with large Tudor roses at its corners, with in its centre a ribbed pattern with fruit and flowers, and fully panelled walls. In the roof one arched-brace collar truss and one pair of windbraces survive, probably over the former solar wing. Death and burial
He died on 26 June 1638, as his monument in Pucklechurch Church states, and was buried on the same day as the parish register records.Monument
The following monument inscribed in slate (or black marble) within a decorative marble frame was erected post 1660 in Pucklechurch parish church, on the wall of the north aisle, one of two monuments to the <mask>

masks: Dennis Dennis


texts:
 family:
Monumento... In memoriam Johannis <mask>i, primo-geniti et haeredis Henrici <mask>i qui 26 die Junii Anno  Domini 1638 ex hac vita decessit postquam ex uxore sua Margareta Domini Georgii Speake de Whight-lackington in Comitatu Sommerset Equitis balnei e filiabus una, Duos accepisset filios Johannem Scilecet et Henricum Equibus. <mask> de Puckle-church (alias pulcher-Church) in Comitatu Gloucestriae Armiger duxit Mariam, Nathanielis Still de Hutton in Comitatu Somerset Armigeris filiarum et cohaeredum Unam; ex qua tres accepit filios, et filiam unam, viz: Henricum, Johannem, Gulielmum et Margaretam. ...Hoc Quod est pulchri Templum, est pulchrius. Translated thus:
By this monument what is a beautiful temple is become more beautiful. In memory of <mask> Esquire, first-born and heir of <mask> Esquire who on the 26th day of June in the year of Our Lord 1638 departed from this life after he had received from his wife Margaret, one out of the daughters of George Speake Lord of Whight-lackington in the county of Somerset, Knight of the Bath,  two sons, that is to say John and <mask> (knights?). <mask> of Puckle-church (otherwise pulcher-Church) in the county of Gloucester, Esquire, married Mary, one of the daughters and co-heiresses of Nathaniel Still of Hutton in the county of Somerset, Esquire; from whom he received three sons and one daughter, that is to say: <mask>, John, William, and Margaret.The text plays on the Latin word pulcher meaning "beautiful", as mediaeval scribes often Latinised

masks:
Dennis Armiger
Dennis Armiger
Johannes Dennis
John Dennis
Henry Dennis
Henry
John Dennis
Henry


texts:
 the name of the manor to Pulcher-Church. The monument includes on its top an escutcheon of the Dennis arms impaling the arms of Still: Sable goutte argent, 3 roses of the last seeded or barbed vert. These arms, granted by Sir William Dethick, Garter King of Arms, on 10 April 1593 on his elevation to the bishopric, can be seen on the tomb of John Still(1543–1607) Bishop of Bath & Wells in Wells Cathedral, in the chapel leading from the north aisle to the Chapter House. On a helm above the escutcheon is sculpted the Dennis crest of a wolf passant. Sources
Maclean, Sir John (ed.) The Visitation of the County of Gloucester Taken in the Year 1623 by <mask> and John Phillipot, London, 1885. pp. 49–53, <mask>.Barnard Papers, Bristol Archives, P/Puc/HM/1. Correspondence 1889–90 between Rev. Lionel Barnard, vicar of Pucklechurch and Samuel Tucker of London, grandson of <mask>(1779–1864) of Dorking, H.M. Receiver General of Excise & author of "A Handbook of Dorking", whose bookplate shows the arms of <mask> of Gloucestershire & whose purported descent from that family Mr Tucker was investigating, ultimately unsuccessfully. Includes a detailed pedigree of the <mask> family. Jewers, Arthur John. Wells Cathedral: Its Monumental Inscriptions and Heraldry, together with the Heraldry of the Palace, Deanery, and Vicar's Close, with Annotations from Wills, Registers, etc., and Illustrations of Arms, pp. 146–150, Bishop Still

References

High Sheriffs of Gloucestershire
Henry
1594 births
1638 deaths
People from

masks:
Henry Chitty
Dennis
John Dennis
Dennis
Dennis


texts:
<mask>  (December 30, 1918 – April 21, 2000) was a 20th-century Canadian free verse poet. Purdy's writing career spanned fifty-six years. His works include thirty-nine books of poetry; a novel; two volumes of memoirs and four books of correspondence, in addition to his posthumous works. He has been called the nation's "unofficial poet laureate"  and "a national poet in a way that you only find occasionally in the life of a culture." Biography

Born in Wooler, Ontario, <mask> went to Albert College in Belleville, Ontario, and Trenton Collegiate Institute in Trenton, Ontario. He dropped out of school at 17 and rode the rails west to Vancouver. He served in the Royal Canadian Air Force during World War II.Following the war, he worked in various jobs until the 1960s, when he was finally able to support himself as a writer, editor and poet. In 1957, Purdy and his wife Eurithe moved to Roblin Lake in Ameliasburgh, Ontario (southeast of Trenton, in Prince Edward County), where they built an A-frame cottage, and this became his preferred location for writing. In his later years, he divided his time between North Saanich, British Columbia, and his cottage at Roblin Lake. In addition to his poems and novel, Purdy's work includes two volumes of memoirs, the most recent of which was Reaching for the Beaufort Sea. He also wrote four books of correspondence, including Margaret Laurence - <mask>: A Friendship in Letters and radio and

masks:
Alfred Wellington Purdy
Purdy
Al Purdy


texts:
 television plays for the CBC. He was writer-in-residence at several Canadian universities; contributed to Acta Victoriana, literary journal of Victoria College; and edited a number of anthologies of poetry. He wrote the introduction to the last book of poetry by his friend Milton Acorn, The Whiskey Jack.<mask> was also a long-time friend of American author Charles Bukowski. Bukowski once said: "I don't know of any good living poets. But there's this tough son of a bitch up in Canada that walks the line." However, acclaim is not universal. Noted Canadian formalist poet James Pollock, when asked to "Name one poet, living or dead, it seems everyone loves but you," answered: "In Canada, <mask>. The emperor has no clothes." <mask> died in North Saanich.His final collection of poetry, Beyond Remembering: The Collected Poems of <mask>, was released posthumously in the fall of 2000. Memorial
A grass-roots movement to preserve Purdy's A-frame cottage in Ameliasburgh has been organized by Jean Baird (wife of poet George Bowering) and Purdy's publisher Howard White of Harbour Publishing, who together founded the A-Frame Trust with the intent of raising $1 million to preserve the house as a memorial to Purdy and a writing retreat for other writers. The campaign is profiled in Brian D. Johnson's 2015 documentary film <mask>urdy Was Here. In 2016 it was revealed in Toronto Life that John Hofsess contributed to the assisted suicide

masks:
Purdy
Al Purdy
Al Purdy
Al Purdy
Al P


texts:
 of Purdy when the poet was dying of cancer. Awards and recognition
Honours and awards Purdy received include the Order of Canada (O.C.) in 1982, the Order of Ontario in 1987, and the Governor General's Award, in 1965 for his collection The Cariboo Horses, and again in 1986 for The Collected Poems of <mask>. The League of Canadian Poets gave Purdy the Voice of the Land Award, a special award created by the League to honour his unique contribution to Canada.<mask>'s collection of poems, Rooms for Rent in the Outer Planets: Selected Poems, 1962–1996, was chosen for inclusion in Canada Reads 2006, where it was championed by poet Susan Musgrave. On May 20, 2008, a large bronze statue of Purdy was unveiled in Queen's Park in downtown Toronto. Publications

Lifetime

Poetry
The Enchanted Echo. Vancouver: Clarke & Stuart, 1944. Pressed on Sand. Toronto: Ryerson, 1955. Emu, Remember!.Fredericton, NB: U of New Brunswick P, 1956. The Crafte So Longe to Lerne. Toronto: Ryerson, 1959. The Blur in Between: Poems 1960-61. Toronto: Emblem, 1962. Poems for All the Annettes. Toronto: Contact P, 1962.The Cariboo Horses. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1965. North of Summer: Poems from Baffin Island. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1967. About Being a Member of Our Armed Forces — 1967
Wild Grape Wine. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1968. Love in a Burning Building.Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1970. The Quest for Ouzo. Trenton, ON: M.

masks: Alurdy Purdy


texts:
 Kerrigan <mask>y, 1969. Hiroshima Poems. Trumansburg, NY: Crossing P, 1972. Selected Poems. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1972.On the Bearpaw Sea. Jean Wong illus. Burnaby, BC: Blackfish Press, 1973. Toronto: Red Maple Foundation, 1974. Sex & Death. McLelland & Stewart. ,
In Search of Owen Roblin.Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1974. The Poems of <mask>. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1976. Sundance at Dusk. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1976. A Handful of Earth. Coatsworth, ON: Black Moss P, 1977.At Marsport Drugstore. Sutton West, ON: Paget P, 1977. No Other Country. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1977. Moths in the Iron Curtain. Abridged edition. Cleveland, OH: Black Rabbit Press, 1977.No Second Spring. Coatsworth, ON: Black Moss P, 1978. Being Alive: Poems 1958–78. Toronto: McClelland & Steward, 1978. Moths in the Iron Curtain. Illustrated by Eurithe <mask>. Sutton West, ON: Paget P, 1979.The Stone Bird. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1981. Bursting Into Song: An Al Purdy Omnibus. Windsor, ON: Black Moss,  1982. Birdwatching at the Equator: The Galapagos Island Poems. Sutton West, ON: Paget P, 1982. Morning and It's Summer.Quadrant Editions, 1983. Piling Blood. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1984. The Collected Poems of <mask>. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1986. The Woman on the Shore. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1990.Two Poems - Broadside - Pie Tree Press 1990 - Limited to 100 copies & 26 lettered copies

masks:
Alme
Al Purdy
Purdy
Al Purdy


texts:
 Collected Poems. [Audio cassette.] Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1990. Naked with Summer in Your Mouth. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1994. Rooms for Rent in the Outer Planets: Selected Poems 1962-1996. Madeira Park, BC: Harbour Publishing, 1996.To Paris Never Again. Madeira Park, BC: Harbour Publishing, 1997. The Man Who Outlived Himself — 1999 (with Doug Beardsley)
Beyond Remembering: The Collected Poems of <mask>. Madeira Park, BC: Harbour Publishing, 2000. Home Country: Selected Poems. Parry Sound, ON: Church Street P,  2000. Prose
The Bukowski/Purdy Letters 1964–1974.Seamus Cooney ed. Sutton West, ON: Paget Press, 1984. The Woodcock/Purdy Letters 1964–1974. George Galt ed. Toronto: ECW, 1988. A Splinter in the Heart. a novel.Toronto: McClelland & Stewart,  1990. Reaching for the Beaufort Sea: An Autobiography. Madeira Park, BC: Harbour Publishing, 1993. Margaret Laurence — <mask>: A Friendship in Letters. John Lennox ed. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1994. Starting from Ameliasburgh: The Collected Prose of <mask>.Sam Solecki ed. Madeira Park: Harbour Publishing, 1995. No One Else is Lawrence! (with Doug Beardsley). Madeira Park, BC: Harbour Publishing, 1998. Yours, Al: The Collected Letters of <mask>. Sam Solecki ed.Madeira Park, BC: Harbour, 2004. We Go Far Back in Time: The Letters of Earle Birney and <mask>, 1947-1987. Nicholas Bradley ed. Madeira Park, BC: Harbour, 2014. Edited
The New Romans: Candid

masks:
Al Purdy
Al Purdy
Al Purdy
Al Purdy
Al Purdy


texts:
 Canadian Opinions of the U.S.. New York, Edmonton: St. Martin's P, Hurtig, 1968. Fifteen Winds: A Selection of Modern Canadian Poems. Toronto: Ryerson, 1969.Storm Warning: The New Canadian Poets. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1971. Storm Warning 2: The New Canadian Poets. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1976. Posthumous
More Easily Kept Illusions. Waterloo: Wilfrid Laurier P, 2006. The Al Purdy A-Frame Anthology - 2009
Unexplored Country - 2009, Alden Press, Clinton, B.C.3 Broadside poems. Limited to 60 copies. In media
A CBC Radio recording of a 1968 reading by Purdy of his poem Quinte Hotel at a gathering conference of Canadian poets in Toronto was adapted as an animated short film At the Quinte Hotel, which received the Canadian Film Institute Award for best Canadian animation at the Ottawa International Animation Festival. See also

Canadian literature
Canadian poetry
List of Canadian poets

Notes

External links
CBC Digital Archives — <mask>, An Uncommon Poet
<mask>, Milton Acorn, and Eli Mandel
Al Purdy - A Permanent Tribute - Statue of Canada’s Favourite Poet Unveiled in Queen’s Park
Bravo!FACT short film based on the poem At the Quinte Hotel viewable online
A.W. Purdy Digital Archive hosted by the University of Saskatchewan Special Collections
Canadian Poetry Online: <mask> - Biography and six poems (At Evergreen Cemetery, Lu Yu (AD 1125-1209), Married Man's Song, The Dead Poet, Listening to Myself, The Last

masks:
Al Purdy
Al Purdy
Al Purdy


texts:
 Picture in the World)
<mask> fonds at Queen's University Archives

1918 births
2000 deaths
20th-century Canadian poets
Canadian male poets
Members of the Order of Ontario
Officers of the Order of Canada
People from Quinte West
Writers from Vancouver
Governor General's Award-winning poets
20th-century Canadian male writers
Royal Canadian Air Force personnel of World War


texts:
<mask> (born September 23, 1982) is a prominent Mandé kora player and jeli from Bamako, Mali. He is the 71st generation of kora players in his family and a son to <mask>. Biography

<mask>, widely known as "Madou," was born on September 23, 1982 in Bamako, Mali. He is a Muslim and he's the youngest son of the late <mask> and Mariam Kouyaté. He is part of the seventy-first generation of kora players in his family. His family has a long heritage in the oral tradition of jalis (sometimes spelled djeli), or griots. "Jali" is the Mandingo word for the repository musician and storyteller of Mande's ancient oral tradition, transmitting history and culture from generation to generation, from father to son."Mandé," often used to describe Madou and his family, is a broad cultural designation of several ethnic groups in West Africa, including (though not exclusively) the Mandinka, Maninka (or "Malinke"), Sarakole, Bambara, and Dyula, residing primarily in Gambia, Senegal, Guinea, Mali, the northern regions of Ivory Coast, and the western regions of Burkina Faso. The kora, arguably the most complex chordophone in African music, is a 21-stringed bridge-harp from West Africa. Madou, tutored by his father, began playing an eight-stringed kora at the age of three. From ages three to six, Madou accompanied his parents at weddings and baptisms, among other ceremonies. He played his first concert at the age of six at the Centre Culturel Français of Bobodioulasso, Burkina Faso with his father. In 1992, at age of ten, Madou made his first European tour. He continued to accompany his father up until <mask>'s very last performance in 1996 at the Festival Printemps des Cordes, or the Spring Festival of Strings, in Dakar.Although Madou has largely followed in the steps of his father, his style has been susceptible to new techniques and innovations. Today, he often claims that his older brother, Toumani <mask>, who is also a

masks:
Mamadou Sidiki Diabaté
Sidiki Diabaté
Mamadou Sidiki Diabaté
Sidiki Diabaté
Sidiki
Diabaté


texts:
 distinguished kora player, is his master, helping him to understand the endless potential of the kora. Since 1997, Madou has been playing lead kora with some of the most important West African singers and musicians, including Kandia Kouyaté, Baaba Maal, and Salif Keita, among others. He has performed at more than forty festivals and over one thousand concerts throughout Africa, North America, Europe, and Australia. Madou can also play the balafon (framed xylophone,) and tamani (double-headed drum,) also of West African descent. Madou is renowned for his extensive knowledge of traditional kora repertoire and command of both jazz sensibilities and foreign influences. His style is often associated with the "Jazz Manding" music movement developing Mali today.While Madou prides himself on preserving the tradition and legacy of the kora, he is also known for having diverged from his father's style, inspired by afro-Latin groups like the Rail Band (also called the Super Rail Band, or Bamako Rail Band,) in addition to his brother's music (particularly Toumani's Bembeya Jazz). In 2004, Madou received a degree in music from the Institut National des Arts (INA), in Bamako, Mali. Madou now resides in with his wife, singer Safiatou <mask>. The Diabaté Legacy

The Diabaté family has produced 72 generations of kora players and jalis, the Malian counterpart of griots, or West African historians. A jali transmits the ancient oral history of western Africa through poetry and praise songs, and, like the <mask> family, they are often also musicians. Madou's father, the late <mask> <mask>, is widely known as "The King of Kora." <mask> was from The Gambia, but is family background is from Mali.<mask> migrated to Mali during the years between World War II and 1961. His songs’ nationalist message became a powerful voice in the call for Independence. "Kaira," one of <mask>'s more popular songs, shares its name with a

masks: Diabaté Diabaté Sidiki Diabaté Sidiki Sidiki Sidiki


texts: collective of young jalis in the Kita region of western Mali. Although the group was banned by the colonial French, the song remained popular and encouraged support for the Malian branch of the African Democratic Rally, led by the first president of independent Mali, Modibo Keita. <mask> <mask> also played an important role in the preservation of Malian and Mandé history and culture. <mask> performed with L'Ensemble Instrumental National du Mali, who performed Mandingo music and was one of West Africa's first national acoustic bands. They received the first prize at the Festival des Arts Nègres in Dakar in 1966, and a gold-medal at the Pan-African Cultural Festival at Algiers in 1969.<mask> was also featured as a soloist on the first recording to feature the kora exclusively. The recording, called "Ancient Strings," brought together Mali's most respected korists; in addition to <mask> <mask>, Djelimadi Sissoko, Batrou Sekou Kouyate and N'fa <mask>. Mamadou <mask> <mask>'s brother, Toumani <mask>, is also a part of the family's growing musical legacy. Toumani was the first kora player to win a Grammy Award in 2006 and he has collaborated with musicians from all over the world, including Taj Mahal, Ketama, and Roswell Rudd. Toumani has led many bands, including the Symmetric Orchestra, which mixes both modern western and traditional Malian styles. The Symmetric Orchestra is a large "big band" ensemble whose sound is reminiscent of Mali's path-forging national, regional and municipal orchestras of the 1960s and 70s. The band features both western instruments (electric guitars, drum kits and synthesizers) and traditional Malian instruments (such as the kora, jembe, balafon, and ngoni).Toumani comments, "The Symmetric Orchestra reflects the spirit of Mali's new democracy since 1992 – a spirit of equality, and creativity. There's a public in Mali today that love traditional music – griot music – but not the

masks: Sidiki Diabaté Sidiki Sidiki Sidiki Diabaté Diabaté Sidiki Diabaté Diabaté


texts:
 griot milieu. With the Symmetric, they feel free to enjoy this music without the obligations of tradition. And this gives us the freedom to present the tradition in new ways." The Symmetric Orchestra is just one example of Toumani's fusion of tradition and innovation; Toumani's album New Ancient Strings (1999) is a response to his father's classic recording Ancient Strings. Lucy Durán writes that the album "is rooted in the timeless classical tradition of the Mali that was once, during the pre-colonial era, played at the courts of kings and emperors; but it is reworked to the contemporary styles that are currently in favour in Bamako – the hot-house of many of West Africa’s finest musicians". <mask> and Toumani both have had distinguished and ground-breaking careers as musicians and the <mask> family's legacy not only continues with Toumani and Madou, but also <mask> <mask>, Toumani's son, who is also a kora player.<mask>ba's Kora Lesson, by Ryan Thomas Skinner. The Mandé Sound

The Mandé Sound, with which Mamadou <mask> Diabaté is often associated, is one of several regional varieties of Afro-pop. Mandé is the broad cultural designation of several ethnic groups in West Africa, including (though not exclusively) the Mandinka or Malinke, Sarakole, Bambara, and Dyula, residing primarily in Gambia, Senegal, Guinea, Mali, the northern regions of Ivory Coast, and the western regions of Burkina Faso. The Mandé Sound is characterized by samba rhythms, parallel thirds vocal harmony, and smooth, virtuosic electric guitar leads. It makes use of modal scales (particularly common is the Lydian mode, with a raised fourth, taken from traditional music). This style frequently makes use of traditional Mandé instruments such as the kora, ngoni (plucked lute,) and balafon (framed xylophone). Although women figure prominently as vocal soloists in traditional Mandé music, they are less likely to be figured in the Mandé

masks: Sidiki Diabaté Sidiki Diabaté Sidiki Sidiki


texts:
 Sound.The repertoire is heavily drawn from traditional jali music, either in popular arrangements of traditional songs or in new compositions in a traditional melodic style. The Mandé Sound originated in Guinea with the founding of Africa's first national dance troupe (which included musicians,) founded by Keita Fodeba, with the intention of bringing West African music to a global stage. In 1958, and several years after, Guinea has celebrated its independence by producing albums of traditional and popular performers through Tempo Records of Hollywood. In 1970, Guinea pioneered the production of African popular music by establishing the first African label, Syliphone. By 1985, Syliphone had released over 80 LP discs of popular bands from all over Guinea boasting the Mandé Sound. Madou's brother, Toumani <mask> was first recorded by this label with his ever-popular group Bembeya Jazz National. <mask> <mask> <mask>, along with his father <mask> <mask> and Toumani <mask>, are one of a number of more traditionally-oriented kora players associated with the Mandé Sound.References

Bibliography

 Belcher, Stephen. "Review: Empire of the Mind: New Work in Mande Studies." Research in African Literatures 34.4 (2003): 129-44. JSTOR. Web. 5 Dec. 2010. Evans, David."Review: African Music." The Journal of American Folklore 90.356 (1977): 223-36. JSTOR. Web. 3 Dec. 2010. Mali Latino - A Brand New Project Featuring Madou <mask> <mask>, Ahmed Fofana and Alex Wilson 9 Dec. 2010
 Knight, Roderic. "The Mande Sound: African Popular Music on Records."Ethnomusicology 33.2 (1989): 371-76. JSTOR. Web. 4 Dec. 2010. Skinner, R.. Artistiya: Popular music and personhood in postcolonial Bamako, Mali. Diss. Columbia University, 2009.Dissertations & Theses @ Columbia University, ProQuest. Web. 5 Dec. 2010. "Mamadou Sidiki Diabate" KSK RECORDS. Web. 3 Dec. 2010. 1982 births
Living people
Malian musicians
People from Bamako
21st-century

masks: Diabaté Mamadou Sidiki Diabaté Sidiki Diabaté Diabaté Sidiki Diabaté


texts:
<mask>. ( ; born September 26, 1977) is a former American football wide receiver who was drafted by the Cincinnati Bengals in the seventh round of the 2001 NFL Draft. He previously played college football at Oregon State. <mask> played for the Seattle Seahawks in 2009, the Baltimore Ravens in 2010 and the Oakland Raiders in 2011. In 2016, he joined Long Beach Poly High School as a wide receivers coach and was elevated to Varsity Offensive Coordinator in 2018. <mask> also works as a football analyst for FS1. College career

Cerritos College
<mask>  dropped out of Barstow High School in Barstow, California. He later enrolled at Cerritos College.In his two seasons with the Cerritos College Falcons in 1998 and 1999, he was a two-time First-Team Mission Conference selection at wide receiver and kickoff returner. He wanted to play as running back his freshman year, but believing he was too tall to play running back, he voluntarily moved to the wide receiver position. He finished his Cerritos College Falcons career with 1,152 receiving yards on 65 receptions. He also had two 103-yard kickoff returns and a 92-yard punt return. Oregon State University
Based on his junior college performance, <mask> was offered an athletic scholarship at Oregon State University by then head coach Dennis Erickson. In his sole season as a starter for Oregon State in the 2000 season, <mask> caught 42 passes for 656 yards and six touchdowns. He helped his team defeat Notre Dame in the 2001 Fiesta Bowl.<mask> contributed a receiving touchdown, assisting his team to a 41–9 victory. At Oregon State, he played with <mask>, who would later be his teammate in the NFL with the Cincinnati Bengals.

masks:
Touraj Houshmandzadeh Jr
Houshmandzadeh
Houshmandzadeh
Houshmandzadeh
Houshmandzadeh
Houshmandzadeh
Houshmandzadeh
Chad Johnson


texts:
 Professional career

Cincinnati Bengals
<mask> was drafted by the Cincinnati Bengals in the seventh round with the 204th overall pick in the 2001 NFL Draft. <mask> had a modest rookie season, recording 21 receptions for 228 yards, while also being used to return punts and kickoffs. His most notable achievement was in a game against the Cleveland Browns, in which he set a franchise record with 126 punt return yards. After the 2001 season, questions about <mask>'s speed led to him slimming down to his prime playing weight of about 200 pounds, which increased his on-field performance remarkably. <mask> has gained a number of rushing yards on reverse plays.In 2004, he rushed six times and gained 51 yards (8.5 yards per attempt); in 2005, he rushed eight times for 62 yards (7.8 yards per attempt) and scored his first career touchdown. <mask> was called one of the NFL's most overrated players by many pundits. In fact, ESPN.com analyst K.C<mask> noted that with 39 dropped passes in the 2005 season, Houshmandzadeh ranked as the worst in the NFL. "They're both unique", says former Bengals quarterback Carson Palmer of <mask> and Houshmandzadeh. "They do completely different things well and complement each other perfectly. T.J. 's a physical guy; a physical blocker, physical when he gets the ball. He's like (the Pittsburgh Steelers') Hines Ward." <mask> missed almost all of the 2003 season with a severe hamstring injury. In 2004, he was listed as the team's third receiver behind Peter Warrick and <mask>. However, Warrick became injured and <mask> was promoted to the starting lineup with <mask>. <mask> took advantage of his opportunity to prove himself, recording 73

masks:
Houshmandzadeh
Houshmandzadeh
Houshmandzadeh
Houshmandzadeh
Houshmandzadeh
. Joyner
Johnson
Houshmandzadeh
Chad Johnson
Houshmandzadeh
Johnson
Houshmandzadeh


texts: receptions for 978 yards and four touchdowns.With the release of Warrick during the 2005 training camp, <mask> retained the starting position and he and <mask> soon earned recognition for being among the NFL's most exciting receiving tandems. In March 2005, the Bengals rewarded Houshmandzadeh with a four-year, $13 million contract and an undisclosed bonus. Early in the 2005 season, <mask> suffered an injury to his right hand, which limited his effectiveness for several games. In the 2006 season, he battled a recurring minor foot injury that kept him out of the first two games of the regular season. On September 24, 2006, he made his season debut, catching nine passes for 94 yards and two fourth-quarter touchdowns in the Bengals' 28-20 win over their division foe Pittsburgh Steelers. The second of these catches was a tough reception in the end-zone against Steelers cornerback Deshea <mask>. Even though he was closely guarded by <mask>, <mask> was able to tip Carson Palmer's pass, catch it, and gain possession as he landed on his back.For his performance, he was named the AFC offensive player of the week. In mid-2006, he suffered a mild concussion during the Bengals 49-41 loss to San Diego from an early hit by San Diego Chargers free safety Marlon McCree. He started as wide-out in both of Cincinnati's following victories against the New Orleans Saints and the Cleveland Browns. <mask> finished the 2006 season with 90 receptions for 1,081 yards and nine touchdowns, all career highs. His 90 receptions and nine touchdown catches led his team. He and <mask> also became the first Bengals teammates ever to each record over 1,000 receiving yards in the same season.

masks:
Houshmandzadeh
Johnson
Houshmandzadeh
Townsend
Townsend
Houshmandzadeh
Houshmandzadeh
Chad Johnson


texts:
 <mask> opened the 2007 season by scoring a touchdown against the Baltimore Ravens and two touchdowns in the loss to the Cleveland Browns.Against the Seattle Seahawks, <mask> totaled 141 yards on 12 receptions for one touchdown. By the end of the year, he finished with a franchise record 112 receptions for 1,143 yards and 12 touchdowns. His 112 catches tied him with Wes Welker of the New England Patriots for the most in the NFL. He was also selected to the Pro Bowl for the first time in his career. In 2008, <mask> had 92 catches for 904 yards and four touchdowns. He did this while Carson Palmer was out with injury for most of the year. Seattle Seahawks
<mask> was signed by the Seattle Seahawks on March 2, 2009 to a five-year $40 million contract with $15 million guaranteed.He had also been courted by the Minnesota Vikings. The Cincinnati Bengals reportedly gave him an offer, but he countered the statement saying "Cincinnati's offer wasn't enough for me to continue to play there, I think I should be able to start fresh." He jokingly went on to say "I want to win some games for once", which is a reference to the Bengals' history of losing. The Bengals swept the AFC North on their way to a 10-6 record, while Seattle finished 5-11. <mask>, however, had a decent year statistically, with 79 catches for 911 yards for an 11.5 yard receiving average, but only scored three touchdowns. On September 4, 2010, the Seahawks released <mask>. Baltimore Ravens
<mask> signed a one-year deal with the Baltimore Ravens on September 6, 2010 for the veteran league minimum of $855,000.However, since his $7 million salary with the Seahawks was guaranteed in his previous contract,

masks: Houshmandzadeh Houshmandzadeh Houshmandzadeh Houshmandzadeh Houshmandzadeh Houshmandzadeh Houshmandzadeh


texts:
 Seattle paid him the remaining $6.15 million for 2010. During his short and disappointing tenure in Baltimore, <mask> recorded only 30 receptions for 398 yards. He managed to score only three touchdowns, although one of them won the Week 4 divisional matchup against the Pittsburgh Steelers. In the 2010 Divisional Playoff loss against Pittsburgh, <mask> dropped a critical pass which would've converted a fourth down and potentially changed the outcome of the game. That, combined with his frequent complaining and general poor play, led to him not being re-signed. "If I go to the right team I'll shock a lot of people", he said while he was a free agent. On August 15, 2011, he worked out for the Patriots.He also worked out for the New York Giants and San Francisco 49ers. Oakland Raiders
The Oakland Raiders signed <mask> on November 1, 2011. The signing reunited <mask> with former Bengals quarterback Carson Palmer, as well as head coach Hue <mask>, who was a former assistant with the Bengals. On December 4, 2011, against the Miami Dolphins, he caught his first touchdown as a member of the Oakland Raiders, a 40-yard pass from quarterback Carson Palmer, which was his only catch in the 34-14 rout by Miami. He finished 2011 with 11 catches for 146 yards for a 13.3 yard receiving average and one touchdown. Records
 Team record most punt return yards in a game (126) vs. Cleveland, November 25, 2001
 Tied NFL lead most receptions in a season (112) in 2007. Andy Furman incident
Andy Furman, a sports commentator on Cincinnati's 700 WLW was fired on November 1, 2006 for referring to <mask> as a racist on the air.On October 5, 2006, <mask> had failed to appear for a paid

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 appearance on the show the previous evening. The next evening, Furman, a New York City native, alleged that he heard from another source that Houshmandzadeh called him a "punk-ass white boy" for criticizing the no-show. <mask> denied making the comment. Background and surname
<mask> was born to an Iranian American father and an African American mother. His surname was often shortened to "Housh" or "Hoosh" by fans, which was intentionally done to sound like booing. In Electronic Arts' Madden NFL series of games, <mask>'s surname was shortened to "Houshmandz". The game limited last names to 12 characters.The limit was increased to allow his and other players' names to be displayed in full beginning with Madden NFL 2010. <mask>'s appeared in a popular fantasy football television commercial from 2006 where a fantasy player struggled to pronounce his surname, stumbling with words like "Houshamazilla", "Houshmazode", "Houshvadilla" and "Houshyomama". That season, former teammate Chad Ochocinco introduced him as "T. J. Who's-your-momma" on television during an ESPN Monday Night preseason game on August 28. <mask> would have a career season that year. ESPN later referenced <mask>'s 2006 season in 2011 in a similar fantasy football commercial with the "Karaoke Draft of '06", with a fantasy football fan singing <mask>'s name to the tune of the 1977 hit song Barracuda by Heart. References

External links
 Pro Football Reference Bio
 Seattle Seahawks bio
 Oakland Raiders Bio
 Yahoo!Sports – NFL – T.J<mask>

1977 births
Living people
People from Barstow, California
Players of American football from California
African-American players of American football
American

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 Conference Pro Bowl players
American football wide receivers
American people of Iranian descent
Cerritos Falcons football players
Oregon State Beavers football players
Cincinnati Bengals players
Seattle Seahawks players
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Baltimore Ravens players
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<mask> (born 1977) is an American installation artist, performance artist, and generative artist. He was born in Arlington, Virginia, and currently lives and works in Brooklyn, New York. Within his artistic career, he works both in the natural world and in his studio. His playful interaction with his environment includes small performances and actions that are captured on video. His diverse artistic practice involves working with elemental forces to create durational performative actions. Education
<mask> received his undergraduate education at Dartmouth College and graduated with his B.A. in 2000.Soon after, he went on to pursue his M.F.A. at Bard College, graduating in 2006. Career Achievements
Over his career, <mask>'s work has appeared in ArtForum, Frieze, The New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, the New Yorker, Harpers, and The Village Voice. <mask> was named a 2014 Guggenheim Fellow, a MacDowell Fellow, and received grants from the Shifting Foundation and the Experimental Television Center. Artistic Process and Technique
As an interdisciplinary artist, <mask> uses a wide range of mediums, including video, photography, performance, and sculpture. In many of his projects, he creates an apparatus or props for the actions within the projects, as well as a set of tools for filming the action too. Despite significant logistical challenges, Lamson says the benefit of working this way is that he knows how everything works once they’re ready to shoot the video.He builds the props and tools, and operates the camera himself, and budgets multiple days for careful shooting with only one or two assistants. <mask>'s thoughtfulness when it comes to the viewer’s experience and the function of the camera makes an impact in his work that shows through. Set in landscapes as varied as New York's East River and Chile's Atacama Desert, his projects reveal the invisible systems and forces at play within these sites. In all his

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