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 a local coal yard, aiming at either an open ice chute or the gaps of passing boxcars. He was also encouraged to continue working on his pitching by Gene Dziadura, a former shortstop in the Chicago Cubs minor league system, and a Philadelphia Phillies scout. Many training sessions involving the two followed, until <mask> graduated from high school. Professional baseball

MLB career

Early seasons
In 1962, <mask> was signed by Philadelphia Phillies scout Tony Lucadello. <mask> made his major-league debut as a 22-year-old in 1965, as a relief pitcher. He was traded the following year to the Chicago Cubs, along with Adolfo Phillips and John Herrnstein, for pitchers Larry Jackson and Bob Buhl.<mask> would become one of the best pitchers in the majors. In his first full year as a starter for the Cubs (1967), <mask> recorded 20 wins while posting a 2.80 ERA and 236 strikeouts. He finished tied for second in the Cy Young Award voting, following Mike McCormick of the San Francisco Giants. He was also selected for the All-Star Game for the first time that season. The following year his numbers improved; once again he won 20 games, his ERA dropped to 2.63 and his strikeout total increased to 260. <mask> established a reputation for achieving his pitching feats and his statistics while spending most of his career pitching in a "hitter's ballpark"—Wrigley Field in Chicago. Furthermore, in 1968, <mask> lost five of his starts in 1–0 ballgames.1971 season
<mask> had his best season in 1971. On April 6, 1971, <mask> started the Cubs' opening-day game. The Cubs defeated the St. Louis Cardinals 2–1 in 10 innings at Wrigley Field. <mask> pitched the complete game for the Cubs, and Billy Williams hit a home run in the final inning for the victory. On September 1, 1971, <mask> threw another complete game against the Montreal Expos and hit two home runs. The Cubs won the game 5–2. He was named NL Player of the Month (for the only time in his career) in July, with a 6–1 record, a 2.14

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 ERA, and 49 strikeouts.That season, <mask> threw a complete game in 30 of 39 starts and received a decision in 37 of them, finishing with a 24–13 record (.649). He walked only 37 batters versus 263 strikeouts across 325 innings. He played in the All-Star Game and finished seventh in MVP voting. <mask> also posted a .478 slugging percentage, hitting six home runs and driving in 20 runs in just 115 at-bats. <mask> won the 1971 NL Cy Young Award. <mask> was the first Cubs pitcher and the first Canadian to win the Cy Young Award (Quebec native Éric Gagné is the only other Canadian to match the feat). He received 17 of 24 first-place votes.He was outpitched in several statistical categories by New York Mets pitcher Tom Seaver, but <mask> pitched in hitter-friendly Wrigley Field and Seaver worked in pitcher-friendly Shea Stadium. Later seasons
In 1972, <mask> completed his sixth consecutive season with 20 or more wins. By the middle of the following season, he expressed that he did not feel like playing baseball anymore. He finished the season, but registered a 14–16 win–loss record. <mask> was traded from the Cubs to the Texas Rangers for Bill Madlock and Vic Harris on October 25, 1973. Texas manager Billy Martin was pleased with the trade, describing <mask> as a workhorse and a winner. In 1974, <mask> achieved a personal best 25 wins during the season, setting a Rangers franchise record which still stands.He finished second in Cy Young Award voting for the second time in his career behind Catfish Hunter in a very close vote (90 points to <mask>'s 75); surprisingly, <mask> actually finished ahead of Hunter in MVP voting (118 points to Hunter's 107), and his fifth-place finish on the MVP leader-board was the highest of his career. He was named the American League Comeback Player of the Year by The Sporting News. <mask> achieved his 250th win against the Oakland Athletics on May 23, 1980. Later that year, during a customs search in Toronto, <mask> was found possessing 3.0

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 grams cocaine, 2.2 grams hashish, and 1.75 grams marijuana. In response, on September 8, Commissioner Bowie Kuhn suspended him indefinitely. However, <mask>' suspension lasted only two weeks before, in an unprecedented action, an independent arbiter, Raymond Goetz, overturned the suspension and reinstated him and he returned to the league. Eventually, when he went to trial, the judge gave him an absolute discharge for lack of some evidence.<mask> was not punished further by MLB for the incident, as he remained active until his retirement following the 1983 season. It has been suggested that this incident delayed his induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame. Canadian baseball

Minor league
<mask> continued playing professional baseball in Canada after retiring from  MLB in 1983 and pitched two seasons for the London Majors, a minor league team of the Intercounty Major Baseball League, operating in London, Ontario. Post-baseball

<mask> ran for the Ontario Liberal Party in the 1985 Ontario general election, in the riding of Windsor—Riverside, but placed third with 15% of the vote behind the NDP's Dave Cooke. <mask> led the league in wins twice (1971, 1974), fewest walks per 9 innings five times, complete games nine times, and home runs allowed seven times. He led the league in strikeouts once (1969, with 273). His streak of six straight seasons with 20 or more wins (1967–1972) is the longest streak in the major leagues since Warren Spahn performed the feat between 1956 and 1961.<mask>, fellow Cub Greg Maddux, Curt Schilling, and Pedro Martínez are the only major league pitchers to ever record more than 3,000 strikeouts with fewer than 1,000 walks. Only Robin Roberts and Jamie Moyer allowed more home runs over a career than <mask>. <mask> achieved his 3,000th strikeout on May 25, 1982, against Garry Templeton. As a hitter, <mask> posted a .165 batting average (148-for-896) with 54 runs, 13 home runs, 85 RBI and 41 bases on balls. Defensively, he recorded a .954

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 fielding percentage. He is considered the anchor of the 12 Black Aces, a group of pitchers with at least 20 wins in one season. Honours and awards

In 1974, <mask>, then with the Texas Rangers, became the first baseball player to win the Lou Marsh Trophy, an award given annually to Canada's top athlete.He was also named the Canadian Press male athlete of the year four times (1967, 1968, 1971, and 1974). <mask> was inducted into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame in 1987, and in 1991, became the first Canadian ever elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York. The 1991 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, held in Toronto, was dedicated to <mask>; he threw out the ceremonial first pitch to conclude the pregame ceremonies. <mask> was inducted into the Ontario Sports Hall of Fame in 1995, and was inducted onto Canada's Walk of Fame in 2001. He was appointed the commissioner of the now-defunct Canadian Baseball League in 2003; the league's Jenkins Cup went missing when the league folded and has been missing ever since. He was inducted into the Texas Rangers Hall of Fame in 2004. In 2011, the Ontario Sports Hall of Fame created the <mask> Jenkins Heritage Award in his honour to commemorate those one-of-a-kind events or special moments in time that so embellish the long history of sports in Ontario.On December 17, 1979, he was made a Member of the Order of Canada for being "Canada's best-known major-league baseball player". Governor General Michaëlle Jean officiated at his investiture into the Order, which finally occurred on May 4, 2007: over 27 years after he was appointed. On May 3, 2009, the Cubs retired jersey number 31 in honor of both <mask> and Greg Maddux. On December 13, 2010, Canada Post announced <mask> would be honoured in Canada with his own postage stamp. The stamp was issued on February 1, 2011, to commemorate Black History Month. See also
3,000 strikeout club
List of Major League Baseball career wins leaders
List of Major League Baseball

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 players from Canada
List of Major League Baseball annual strikeout leaders
List of Major League Baseball annual wins leaders
List of Major League Baseball career hit batsmen leaders
List of Major League Baseball career strikeout leaders
List of members of Canada's Sports Hall of Fame
List of Canadian sports personalities

References and notes

Further reading
 Bike, William S. The Forgotten 1970 Chicago Cubs: Go and Glow (2021). The History Press.ISBN 978-1467149082. <mask>, Fergie, with Lew Freedman (2009). Fergie: My Life from the Cubs to Cooperstown. Chicago: Triumph Books. External links

Fergie Jenkins Foundation
<mask> Jenkins at SABR (Baseball BioProject)
<mask> at Baseball Almanac
Ferguson <mask> at Baseball Library
Sidebar "Texas Ranger Hall of Famer"
National Film Board of Canada documentary
History by the Minute <mask> Jenkins

1942 births
Living people
American League wins champions
Arizona Instructional League Cubs players
Arkansas Travelers players
Baseball people from Ontario
Black Canadian baseball players
Boston Red Sox players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame inductees
Canadian people of African-American descent
Canadian people of Barbadian descent
Canadian sportsperson-politicians
Chattanooga Lookouts players
Chicago Cubs coaches
Chicago Cubs players
Cy Young Award winners
Harlem Globetrotters players
London Majors players
Lou Marsh Trophy winners
Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball players from Canada
Major League Baseball players suspended for drug offenses
Major League Baseball players with retired numbers
Members of the Order of Canada
Miami Marlins (FSL) players
National Baseball Hall of Fame inductees
National League All-Stars
National League strikeout champions
National League wins champions
Sportspeople from Chatham-Kent
Philadelphia Phillies players
Sun City Rays players
Texas Rangers players
Winter Haven Super Sox players
Expatriate baseball players in Nicaragua
Canadian expatriates

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<mask> (February 28, 1752 – March 6, 1810) was a cavalry officer of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, who held a final rank of brigadier general in the newly created United States after the war. Primarily known as a commander of light dragoons, he led mounted troops in a number of notable battles in the Carolinas during the campaigns of 1780 and 1781. Before the war
Born in Stafford County, Virginia, <mask> was the second son of <mask> and Catherine (née Storke) <mask>. Correspondence between <mask> and <mask>, first President of the United States, indicates <mask> and George were second cousins. <mask> received an education appropriate to his Southern planter class, including tutoring from  Reverend Dr. <mask>, a Virginia clergyman. <mask> learned the Greek language and may have studied theology for a potential career in the church. However, in 1775, he established a local Stafford County militia company and soon abandoned his studies and took up arms against the British government during the Revolutionary War.<mask> and his elder brother, Henry, are said to have drawn straws to see who would get to join the Continental Army and who would stay home and manage the family plantations. <mask> won. Revolutionary War

<mask> was elected a captain of Stafford County Minutemen on September 12, 1775, and soon became his militia company was assigned to Hugh Mercer's newly formed militia regiment. That became part of the 3rd Virginia Regiment, Continental Line on February 25, 1776, commanding its 7th Company. His lieutenant and second-in-command was fellow Virginian James Monroe, future fifth US. President. Their first combat was the Battle of Harlem Heights in New York on September 16, 1776, during which he may have been wounded by enemy musket fire.At the Battle of Trenton, under command of Nathanael Greene and after a night of scouting the countryside with Monroe

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texts: to prevent detection, <mask> led a successful assault into the town. His company drove in Hessian pickets, and seized two cannon on King Street, capturing their crews. <mask> received wounds to both hands during the action, along with Lt. Monroe who was severely wounded in the shoulder. Both received thanks from Continental Army commander-in-chief <mask>. On January 27, 1777, <mask> was promoted to the rank of major and assigned to the newly created 4th Continental Light Dragoons. In the fall of 1778, he was assigned to the 3rd Continental Light Dragoons, which was severely mauled in a surprise attack on the night of September 27 at Old Tappan, New Jersey, by a force of British light infantry. Only 55 of the lightly armed dragoons escaped the attack and their commander, Lt. Col. George Baylor, was wounded and captured.<mask> was promoted to lieutenant colonel and placed in command of the 3rd Light Dragoons on November 20, 1778. <mask>'s unit spent the summer of 1779 recruiting and remounting. On November 19, 1779, his unit was transferred to the Southern theatre of war, and marched to join the army of Major General Benjamin Lincoln in Charleston, South Carolina. On March 10, 1780, <mask>'s regiment joined forces with the remnants of the 1st Continental Light Dragoons at Bacon's Bridge, South Carolina, to reconnoiter and screen against the advancing British. On March 26, his first encounter with the British Legion, under command of Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton, resulted in a minor victory near Rantowle's Bridge on the Stono River in South Carolina. Afterward, on the Ashley River during the fight at Rutledge's Plantation on March 26, 1780, Lt. Col. <mask> again bested a detachment of Tarleton's dragoons and infantry. Tarleton, however, attacked the encampment of General Isaac Huger at Monck's Corner on the night of April 14, 1780, and routed the Continentals, including the 3rd

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texts: Light Dragoons, which lost 15 dead, 17 wounded, and 100 dragoons captured, along with 83 horses.<mask> and his remaining troops fled across the Santee River to escape capture. The severe attrition of <mask>'s command forced its amalgamation with the 1st Continental Light Dragoons under Lt. Col. Anthony Walton White. This force was defeated at Lenud's Ferry, waiting to cross the flooded Santee, on May 6, 1780. White was captured and <mask> assumed command of the 1st-and-3rd Dragoons. The force withdrew to North Carolina when Lincoln surrendered the southern army and Charleston on May 12. The reconstituted Southern army, now under General Horatio Gates, was defeated at the Battle of Camden, South Carolina, on August 16, 1780, which opened up the South to British control. Gates was replaced by General Nathanael Greene, who divided his army into two groups, one of which was led by General Daniel Morgan and the other by himself.<mask> was placed under the command of General Morgan, for whom he participated in a series of raids in the western part of South Carolina. Two notable successes were the capture of Rugeley's Mill near Camden on December 4, 1780; <mask> with 60 troops bluffed 112 Loyalists into surrendering a strongly fortified homestead without firing a shot by use of a "Quaker Gun", mounting a felled tree trunk on wagon axles to resemble a cannon; and the defeat of a Tory partisan unit at Hammond's Old Store in the Little River District on December 27, 1780; <mask> routed 250 Georgia Loyalists, killing or wounding 150 and capturing the rest. These successes led to Tarleton being ordered by Lord Cornwallis to chase down Morgan's "flying corps", leading to the Battle of Cowpens on January 17, 1781. Morgan's battle plans called for <mask>'s group, 80 Continental dragoons and 45 mounted Georgia infantry, to serve as a defensive and offensive unit as the situation required. <mask>'s

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texts: first encounter with the enemy involved the rescue of a South Carolina militia unit as it was reloading behind the front lines of Morgan's left flank and under attack by a unit of Tarleton's dragoons. Crushing the attackers, <mask> regrouped and followed with an attack on Tarleton's left flank infantry. After repeated assaults by <mask>, they moved through the infantry and attacked a small artillery position behind Tarleton's front lines.With the main British infantry surrender and during Tarleton's retreat, <mask> was in close pursuit and found himself somewhat isolated. He was attacked by the British commander and two of his men. Tarleton was stopped by <mask> himself, who attacked him with his sword, calling out, "Where is now the boasting Tarleton?" A cornet of the 17th, Thomas Patterson, rode up to strike <mask> but was shot by <mask>'s orderly trumpeter. <mask> survived this assault and in the process wounded Tarleton's right hand with a sabre blow, while Tarleton creased <mask>'s knee with a pistol shot that also wounded his horse. <mask> pursued Tarleton for sixteen miles, but gave up the chase when he came to the plantation of Adam Goudylock near Thicketty Creek. To escape capture by <mask>, Tarleton had forced Goudylock to serve as an escape guide.For his valor at Cowpens, <mask> received a silver medal awarded by the Continental Congress executed under the direction of Thomas Jefferson. The unique silver medal was designed by French artists Du Pre and De Vivier. (A British version of this duel can be found under Chapter 33 Year 1781.) After the Battle of Cowpens, <mask>'s dragoons assisted the retreat of General Nathanael Greene to Dan River in Virginia by rearguard actions against forces commanded by Lord Cornwallis. Afterward, <mask> returned to North Carolina to act as vanguard for Greene's army. On April 25, 1781, at the Battle of Hobkirk's Hill, Greene was attacked by

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 British colonel Lord Rawdon. Ordered to attack Rawdon's flank, <mask> was unable to complete the maneuver while policing prisoners, forcing Greene to retreat.On September 8, 1781, the Battle of Eutaw Springs, the last major battle in the Carolinas, was <mask>'s final action. Midway through the battle, Greene ordered <mask> to charge a portion of the British line positioned in a blackjack thicket along Eutaw Creek. The thicket proved impenetrable and British fire repulsed the mounted charges. During the last charge, <mask>'s mount was shot out from under him, and he was pinned beneath his horse. He was bayoneted and taken prisoner, and held under house arrest in the Charleston area for the remainder of the war. The British commander in the South, Lord Cornwallis, would later comment that "there could be no more formidable antagonist in a charge, at the head of his cavalry, than Colonel <mask>." Post-American Revolution
On April 21, 1782, <mask> married Jane Elliott of Sandy Hill, South Carolina.Elliott and <mask> met when she made his regiment a battle flag that was carried into combat from Cowpens to Eutaw Springs. After the war, the married couple settled near Charleston, South Carolina, on Sandy Hill plantation—originally owned by Jane Elliott—with ownership of other properties in the St. Paul Parish. On 27 December 1785, the new couple purchased a townhouse at 8 South Battery in Charleston. The couple took up farming (a low-country planter) and raising thoroughbred horses. <mask> was elected to the State legislature from 1787 to 1804 but refused to run for State Governor because he, in his words, "was not born a Carolinian." <mask> also accepted a post of brigadier general commanding the Seventh Brigade of the South Carolina State Militia in 1794. During the naval war with France in 1798 former President <mask> was appointed by President Adams' Administration as commander of the

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 American Army.<mask> offered a general's commission and staff position to <mask>, and he accepted the rank of Brigadier General and served on <mask>'s staff. He served the United States Army from 1798 to 1800, and concerned himself with the defenses of South Carolina and Georgia. After a lingering illness, <mask> died on March 6, 1810, at the age of 58. He was buried at Live Oak, a plantation near Sandy Hill. He was survived by his wife, a son, and a daughter. His daughter was married to General Alexander Spotswood, a grandson of Virginia Governor Alexander Spotswood. In retrospect, <mask> is viewed as a fine officer and premier cavalry commander.He showed skill, bravery, and daring on the battlefield inspiring victory and confidence in the war of American Independence from the British Crown. References

Further reading
 Haller, Stephen. <mask>: Cavalryman of the Revolution. Heritage Books, 2001. .
 Lumpkin, Henry. From Savannah to Yorktown: The American Revolution in the South. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1981. Warley, Felix B.An Oration, Delivered in Saint Michael's Church, in the City of Charleston, South Carolina, on Tuesday, the 19 June 1810, on the Death of the Late Gen. <mask>. Charleston: W. P. Young, 1810. Military Heritage did a feature on <mask> (Arnold Blumberg, Military Heritage, April 2002, Volume 3, No. 5, p. 12, p. 14, and p. 16). Cavalry Commander <mask> (NMN) <mask> of Stafford County has often been confused in name with <mask> <mask> of Westmoreland County. External links
  This article has apparently fallen into the name confusion mentioned above. As has this one.1752 births
1810 deaths
American Revolutionary War prisoners of war held by Great Britain
Continental Army officers from Virginia
United States Army generals
Washington family
American people of English descent
People from Stafford County, Virginia
American planters
Burials in South

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<mask> (born 1953) is an American feminist and scholar. She is the Barbara Gutmann Rosenkrantz Professor of the History of Science and Professor of African and African-American Studies at Harvard University, and former Dean of Harvard College. The intersections of race, gender, science and medicine are prominent research topics across her published works. Hammonds received degrees in engineering and physics. Before getting her PhD in the History of Science at Harvard, she was a computer programmer. She began her teaching career at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, later moving to Harvard. In 2008, <mask> was appointed dean, the first African-American and the first woman to head the College.She returned to full-time teaching in 2013. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Atlanta, Georgia on January 2, 1953 to Evelyn Baker <mask> and <mask> Jr. Her mother was a schoolteacher, and her father was a postal worker. Her father aspired to become an engineer, after studying chemistry and mathematics, but was unable to attend the segregated Georgia Institute of Technology. <mask> M<mask> became interested in history and science as a student at Collier Heights Elementary School in Atlanta and this interest was fostered by an early exposure to science through her parents. Her high school education was disrupted by integration and discrimination, forcing her to switch from Charles Lincoln Harper High School to Daniel McLaughlin Therrell High School in 1967. After experiencing discrimination from students and teachers, she completed her secondary education at Southwest High School.A National Merit Scholar, Hammonds attended Spelman College where she enrolled in a joint engineering program with Georgia Institute of Technology. In 1976 she graduated from both universities with degrees in Physics and Electrical Engineering respectively. While she was an undergraduate, she spent two summers working at Bell Labs through a research fellowship program that recruited minorities in the sciences. The program provided

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 structured mentorship and placement within a lab group, and she recalls, "... it was my first exposure to the world of big science. It had a profound effect on me, and I really wanted to do well." It was during her work here that she was first published, and she became friends with Cecilia Conrad. Conrad took Hammonds up to Boston, as Conrad was a student at Wellesley College at the time, and they visited the MIT campus together which impressed Hammonds and inspired her.Then, because of the Society of Physics Students at Spelman College, Hammond was introduced to Shirley Ann Jackson and <mask>. She recalls that Jackson was, "the first black woman I ever met who was a physicist, and ... she went to MIT so that's how I pretty much decided that [MIT] was the only place I wanted to go." Following graduation, she attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) for a PhD program but left the course of study early in 1980, earning a master's degree in physics. Upon leaving academia, she began a five-year career as a software engineer, but found this to be unchallenging and returned to Harvard University. In 1993, she graduated with a PhD in the History of Science. Career
Upon graduation from Harvard, Hammonds was invited to teach at MIT. While she was there, she was the founding director of MIT's center for the Study of Diversity in Science, Technology, and Medicine.She also helped organize the first national academic conference for black female scholars, Black Women in the Academy: Defending Our Name 1894-1994 a national conference convened at MIT in 1994 to address historical and contemporary issues faced by African-American women in academia. In 2002, she returned to Harvard and joined as a professor in the departments of the History of Science and of African and African-American Studies. She received the title of Dean at Harvard College in 2008 and was the 4th black woman to receive tenure within the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Harvard University. Before this, Hammonds had served as the first senior vice


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 provost for Harvard's Faculty Development and Diversity. In February 2022, Hammonds was one of 38 Harvard faculty to sign a letter to the Harvard Crimson defending Professor John Comaroff, who had been found to have violated the university's sexual and professional conduct policies. The letter defended Comaroff as "an excellent colleague, advisor and committed university citizen" and expressed dismay over his being sanctioned by the university. After students filed a lawsuit with detailed allegations of Comaroff's actions and the university's failure to respond, Hammonds was one of several signatories to say that she wished to retract her signature.Research
Hammonds' research focuses on the intersection of science, medicine, and race. Many of her works analyze gender and races in the perspective of science and medicine. She is concerned with how science examines human variation through race. Hammonds mainly studies the time period of the 17th century to present while focusing on history of diseases and African-American feminism. In 1997, Hammond's article "Toward a Genealogy of Black Female Sexuality: The Problematic of Silence" was published in Feminist Theory and the Body: A Reader. In this article, Hammond focuses on the intersection of black female sexuality and AIDS. She argues that black female sexuality (from the 19th century to present) was formed in exact opposition to that of white women.She argues that, historically, many black feminists have failed to develop a concept of black female sexuality. Hammonds then discusses the limitations of black women's sexuality and how that affects black women with AIDS. Hammonds believes black women are capable of more than their socially acceptable definition of their own sexuality, but yet they are unable to express it. This is a consequence of black women being unable to define sexuality in their own terms. She dates the earliest records of these definitions in the early 19th century with Sarah Baartman as the "Hottentot Venus". This was a black woman who was put


texts: on display and seen as vulgar because she had larger anatomical body parts than those of her white counterparts. Today, we still see the continuation of the effects of the association of black women with uncontrolled sexuality.This was largely in part due to the comparison of black women to Victorian white women. Black women were seen as hypersexual. White society thought that black female sexuality undermined the morals and values of their society. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, black women reformers were set on developing a new definition of black female sexuality. This new definition was an image of a super moral black female to align itself with the super moral Victorian women. These black women were set on deconstructing the hypersexual notion of the black female sexuality. Hammonds argues that by silencing the voice of the black female, the reformers oppressed black women without deconstructing the notion of the hypersexual connotation.Hammonds states that in order for black women to be free from oppression, black women must reclaim their sexuality. The definition of black female sexuality was always defined by an outside group looking in, first by white males and then by white females. Black females must define their own sexuality in order to overcome oppression. She states that this repeated silence has become a notion of "invisibility" to describe black females' lives. Even women with prestige in academia are still under invisibility when they are told what issues they can and cannot lecture about. Hammonds continues to extend the "invisibility" of black women to the field of medicine and science. Black women have been oppressed for so many years that negative stereotypes have been formed about black women and now to black women with AIDS.These stereotypes have created a void between black women with AIDS and society. The public continues to hold black women up to the stereotype of hypersexual and black women with AIDS are forced to deal with this oppression. In 1995, Hammonds, together


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 with other black feminists including Angela Davis, Barbara Ransby and Kimberlé Crenshaw, formed an alliance called the "African American Agenda 2000" to oppose Louis Farrakhan's Million Man March, out of concern that it would further black male sexism. E-mail search scandal at Harvard
In March 2013, Hammonds and Harvard Faculty of Arts and Sciences dean <mask>. Smith announced that they had ordered a search of the email records of Harvard administrators in order to identify whether individuals had leaked information to the media regarding the university's investigation of the 2012 Harvard cheating scandal. Hammonds and Smith had asked the administrators whether or not they leaked any information to anybody, in response to The Crimson publishing a description of an internal email regarding the cheating scandal and athletes' eligibility. No administrators came forward; Hammonds and Smith informed these administrators that there would need to be additional investigation. In response, Hammonds ordered an email search and identified the individual responsible for disseminating these internal email communications.In April, Hammonds announced that her earlier statement had not been complete as she had failed to recollect a second email search, this time of the account of the specific Allston Burr Resident Dean responsible for the leak. Hammonds did not inform Smith of this second search, violating the Faculty of Arts and Sciences' email privacy policy. The Harvard Crimson called on Hammonds to resign. Then, on May 28, Hammonds announced that she would resign to lead a new Harvard research program on race and gender in science. Hammonds said that her decision to resign was unrelated to the email search incident. A review that the university commissioned from an outside law firm, released in July 2013, concluded that "FAS Administrators acting in good faith undertook [the email searches] in order to proceed with and complete the disciplinary proceedings of the Administrative Board and to protect the confidentiality of that


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<mask> (born 3 December 1953) is a French author from Martinique known for his work in the créolité movement. His work spans a variety of forms and genres, including novels, essays, children's books, screenplays, theatre and comics. His novel Texaco was awarded the Prix Goncourt in 1992. Biography
<mask> was born on 3 December 1953 in Fort-de-France, Martinique, where he resides. After he studied law in Paris he returned to Martinique inspired by Édouard Glissant to take a close interest in Creole culture. In 1981, he was the co-author, with Georges Puisy, of a historical work on the Antilles under the reign of Napoléon Bonaparte, Delgrès : les Antilles sous Bonaparte. In 1989, he was the co-author of Éloge de la créolité (In Praise of Creoleness) with Jean Bernabé and Raphaël Confiant.<mask> has received a number of awards. In 1990, he received the Prix Carbet for Antan d'enfance, the first book in an autobiographical trilogy collectively titled Une enfance créole. His 1992 novel Texaco has been described as "a masterpiece, the work of a genius, a novel that deserves to be known as much as Fanon's The Wretched of the Earth and Cesaire's Return to My Native Land." In 1999, Chamoiseau was honoured with a Prince Claus Award for his contribution to Caribbean society. <mask>'s writing style has sometimes been compared to that of Louis-Ferdinand Céline, for the way in which they explore the relationship between the written and the oral. Writing style and

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Masculinity versus femininity
The dynamics and relationship between men and women has been a long-time subject of literature in the Caribbean. The concept of "masculinity" versus "femininity" is a literary theme that is indicative of Caribbean literature.<mask>, like many other authors from the Caribbean, uses this theme in many of his literary works. However, as there are a larger number of male writers that come out of the Caribbean, this topic of conversation is primarily male driven, and takes the "masculinist" perspective. Chamoiseau has often been criticized as being a somewhat patriarchal literary figure after having founded the masculinist Créolité movement in the Antilles archipelago. The founding of this movement was intended to bring pride and nationalism to the male Antillean population that had been emasculated for centuries by being barred from holding positions of power and authority by their European colonizers. The practice of slavery can be argued to have had a more detrimental effect on the male slave population than the female slave population, as white slave owners attempting to have sexual affairs with female slaves would often offer them more privileges compared to their male counterparts. However, his literary work in the children's story "Kosto et ses deux enfants" (from Émerveilles) is in stark contrast to his typical patriarchal and masculine nature. The representation of men in Caribbean literature is typically


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 portrayed in a negative light; in the story, this theme is contrasted by the main male character becoming an upstanding and respectable father figure.Créolité
A question that many writers from the Caribbean try to answer is: "What does it mean to be Caribbean?" This question is the subject of a search for identity, and the word that Chamoiseau and his colleagues used to answer this question is "Creoleness". Creoleness refers to how different cultures adapt and blend together on islands or isolated areas, which in the case of the Caribbean, refers to the blending of African, Polynesian, and Asian cultures with that of their European colonizers. This idea of Creoleness contrasts the idea of "Americanness" in that it existed prior to America, and that "Americanness" excludes it interaction with the indigenous population. This relates to <mask>'s writing style in that his choices are purposeful as his overall goal is to express this concept of Creoleness. Creole Folktales is a prime example from his works. The collection itself takes place around the 17th century in the French Antilles and Chamoiseau casts storyteller-narrator and uses creole in order to recreate the tradition of storytelling in the Antilles that was primarily oral.Chamoiseau chooses these aspects to add to his writings as oral and historical accuracy are important in the representation of the Antilles and are crucial in bring awareness to Creoleness. Bibliography
Novels

 Chronique des sept


texts:
 misères (1986). Translated by Linda Coverdale as Chronicle of the Seven Sorrows (University of Nebraska Press, 1999). Solibo magnifique (1988). Translated by Rose-Myriam Réjouis and Val Vinokurov as Solibo Magnificent (Pantheon, 1998; Granta, 1999). Texaco (1992). Translated by Rose-Myriam Réjouis and Val Vinokurov (Pantheon/Granta, 1997).L'Esclave vieil homme et le Molosse (1997). Translated by Linda Coverdale under the titles Slave Old Man (The New Press, 2018) and The Old Slave and the Mastiff (Dialogue Books, 2018). Biblique des derniers gestes (2002). Un dimanche au cachot (2008). Les Neuf consciences du malfini (2009). L'Empreinte à Crusoé (2012). Hypérion victimaire : Martiniquais épouvantable (2013).Republished as J'ai toujours aimé la nuit (2017). La Matière de l'absence (2016). Autobiography

 Antan d'enfance (1990). Translated by Carol Volk as Childhood (University of Nebraska Press/Granta, 1999). Chemin d'école (1994). Translated by Linda Coverdale as School Days (University of Nebraska Press, 1997; Granta, 1998). À bout d'enfance (2005).Essays

Éloge de la créolité (1989). With Jean Bernabé et Raphaël Confiant. Martinique (1989). Photographs by Michel Renaudeau and Emmanuel Valentin. Lettres créoles : tracées antillaises et continentales de la littérature : Haiti, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Guyane : 1635-1975 (1991). With Raphaël Confiant
Guyane : traces-mémoires du bagne (1994). Photographs by Rodolphe Hammadi.Ecrire en pays dominé (1997). Frères


texts:
 migrants (2017). Translated by Matthew Amos and Fredrik Rönnbäck as Migrant Brothers (Yale University Press, 2018). Other

 Delgrès : les Antilles sous Bonaparte (1981). With Georges Puisy and illustrated by Georges Puisy. Manman Dlo contre la fée Carabosse (1982). Au temps de l'antan : contes du pays Martinique (1989).Translated by Linda Coverdale under the titles Creole Folktales (The New Press, 1994) and Strange Words (Granta, 1998). Elmire des sept bonheurs (1998). Translated by Mark Polizzotti as Seven Dreams of Elmira (Zoland Books, 1999). Photographs by Jean-Luc de Laguarigue. Le Papillon et la Lumière (2013). Illustrated by Ianna Andreadis. Screenplays

L'Exil du roi Behanzin (1994).Directed by Guy Deslauriers. Le Passage du Milieu (2000). Directed by Guy Deslauriers. Biguine (2004). Directed by Guy Deslauriers. Nord Plage (2004). Directed by José Hayot.Aliker (2009). Directed by Guy Deslauriers. Comics

 "Monsieur Coutcha" by Tony Delsham. Monthly comic that started in 1972, illustrated by Chamoiseau under the pseudonym "Abel". Compiled and published as Le retour de Monsieur Coutcha (1984). Encyclomerveille d'un tueur #1 : L'orphelin de Cocoyer Grands-Boi (2009). Illustrated by Thierry Ségur.Children's literature

Émerveilles (1998). Critical bibliography (Auteurs.contemporain.info)

1953 births
Living people
People from Fort-de-France
Martiniquais writers
French people of Martiniquais descent
Prix Goncourt winners
French male writers
20th-century


texts:
<mask>'Halloran (31 December 1728 – 11 August 1807) was an Irish surgeon with an abiding interest in Gaelic poetry and history. For most of his life he lived and practised in Limerick, and was later elected a member of the Royal Irish Academy (RIA). Early life
O'Halloran was the third son of Michael O'Halloran, a prosperous farmer at Caherdavin, County Limerick, and his wife Mary McDonnell. He was named after <mask>, the titular Catholic bishop of Killaloe in 1728–39. His mother's cousin Sean Claragh McDonnell taught him much at an early age, including some Greek and Latin. He went on to a Limerick school run by Robert Cashin, a Protestant clergyman, which was unusual at the time as the O'Hallorans were Roman Catholics during the difficult time of the Penal Laws. <mask> and his brothers engaged successfully in areas of life that worked around the restrictions of the Penal Laws.Joseph became a Jesuit and held chairs in rhetoric, philosophy and divinity at the Jesuit College at Bordeaux in France. George became a jeweller and in time a property-owner. <mask> went to London to learn medicine at the age of 17, particularly studying the methods of Richard Mead, as well as the oculists Taylor and Hillmer. After further study at Leyden, and in Paris under the anatomist and academician Antoine Ferrein, he set up practice as a surgeon in Limerick in early 1749. Career as surgeon
O'Halloran wrote several learned treatises on medical matters, and his fame was acknowledged by his membership of the RIA in 1787. He was a founder of the County Limerick Infirmary that started with 4 beds

masks:
Sylvester O
Sylvester Lloyd
Sylvester
Sylvester


texts:
 in 1761 before moving to larger premises at St Francis's Abbey in 1765. The foundation stone of the original infirmary is now preserved in the Sylvester O'Halloran Post Graduate Centre at the Mid-Western Regional Hospital, Limerick.While in France, he had been very impressed with the Académie Royale de Chirurgie, which had been founded in Paris in 1731 during the reign of Louis XV. He was subsequently instrumental in founding the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), by writing its blueprint, the Proposals for the Advancement of Surgery in Ireland in 1765. In 1780 he was made an honorary member of the new "Dublin Society of Surgeons", and when the RCSI received its charter in 1784 he was again elected an honorary member, equivalent to a Fellowship today. Medical bibliography
A New Philosophical and Medical Treatise on the Air (manuscript; before 1750). A Treatise on the Glaucoma, or Cataract (Dublin, 1750). A New Method of Amputation (1763). Gangrene and Sphacelus (1765).A New Treatise on the Different Disorders arising from External Injuries to the Head (1793). In his last work O'Halloran contributes to Irish social history, as the head injuries he treated were often caused by fights aggravated by alcohol abuse. On page 4 he commented:

"...for our people, invincibly brave, notwithstanding the cruel oppressions they have suffered for a century past, and highly irritable, soon catch fire; a slight offence is frequently followed by serious consequences; and sticks, stones, and every species of offence next to hand, are dealt out with great liberality! To this add the


texts:
 frequent abuse of spirituous liquors, particularly whiskey, which has, unhappily for the morals and constitutions of the people, found its way to every part of the kingdom." Student of Gaelic poetry
As well as his scientific knowledge, O'Halloran's interest in the arts began with his collection of Gaelic poetry manuscripts and this led on to an interest in Irish history. Given his background, he argued to validate the pre-Norman history of Ireland which had often been dismissed as a period of barbarism. His correspondents included Edmund Burke on early history.With Charles O'Conor of Belanagare he discussed Macpherson's translated version of Ossian, and advised him about an eye complaint. In 1789 Charlotte Brooke published the first English-language compendium of Irish poetry, the seminal "Reliques of Irish Poetry", giving full due to O'Halloran for lending her his manuscript collection and for having written the essential history underlying her anthology. Critics
As an early sympathetic historian of the Gaelic world in English, O'Halloran has faced criticism for being too sympathetic. In the 1770s a critic suggested he should:
drop any more scribbling, and mind the Systole and Diastole of the human body, which I suppose you are more acquainted with than history. The historian J. C. Beckett (1912–96) included O'Halloran among those aiming: to vindicate its claims by uncritical admiration for the achievements of pre-Norman Ireland. Historical bibliography
An introduction to the study of the Antiquities of Ireland (1772)
Ierne Defended (1774)
A general history of Ireland


texts:
 (1778)

Family life
In 1752 <mask> married Mary Casey and they had four sons and a daughter. Their homes were in Change Lane and then on Merchants' Quay; Mary died in 1782.O'Halloran was buried in 1807 at St. Munchin's graveyard, at Killeely which is now a suburb of Limerick. One of their sons was Major-General Sir Joseph O'Halloran, the father of Thomas O'Halloran, after whom the Adelaide suburb of O'Halloran Hill was named. Limerick public life

Though politically restricted in his life by the Penal Laws, O'Halloran helped establish the county Infirmary (see above), was elected President of the city's Free Debating Society in 1772 and was elected to a committee in 1783 that examined the Shannon navigation. Appropriately a Limerick bridge over the Shannon has been named after him. See also
List of Limerick people

References

Further reading
"Illustrious Physicians and Surgeons in Ireland" by William Wilde, Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medicine (1848) pp. 223–250. "A forgotten Limerick genius", essay by K. Hannan, The Old Limerick Journal (1987) pp.4–7. Claire E. Lyons, <mask>'Halloran's General History and the late Eighteenth-Century British Empire, Unpublished PhD Thesis NUI GALWAY 2011. Claire E. Lyons, 'An Imperial Harbinger: <mask>'Halloran'so General History', Irish Historical Studies 2015. Claire E. Lyons 'Playing Catholics against Protestants: Gardiner's Relief Act 1778', Eighteenth-Century Ireland/Irish an dá Chultúir 2013. External links

18th-century Irish historians
Irish surgeons
Members of the Royal Irish Academy
1728 births
1807 deaths
People from County

masks:
Sylvester
Sylvester O
Sylvester O


texts:
<mask> (31 August 1866 – 9 February 1941), an English novelist born Mary Annette Beauchamp in Australia, married a German aristocrat and her earliest works are set in Germany. Her first marriage made her Countess <mask>-Schlagenthin and her second <mask>, Countess Russell. After her first husband's death, she had a three-year affair with the writer H. G. Wells, then later married Frank Russell, elder brother of the Nobel prize-winner and philosopher Bertrand Russell. She was a cousin of the New Zealand-born writer Katherine Mansfield. Though known in early life as May, her first book introduced her to readers as <mask>, which she eventually became to friends and finally to family. Her writings are ascribed to <mask>. She used the pseudonym Alice Cholmondeley only for a novel, Christine, published in 1917.Early life
She was born at her family's home on Kirribilli Point in Sydney, Australia, to Henry Herron Beauchamp (1825–1907), a wealthy shipping merchant, and <mask> (nicknamed Louey) Weiss Lassetter (1836–1919). She was called May by her family. She had four brothers and a sister. One of her cousins was the New Zealand-born Kathleen Beauchamp, who wrote under the pen name Katherine Mansfield. When she was three years old, the family moved to England, where they lived in London, but also spent several years in Switzerland. <mask> was the cousin sister of Mansfield's father, Harold Beauchamp, making her the cousin aunt of Mansfield. Although <mask> was older by 22 years, she and Mansfield later

masks:
Elizabeth von Arnim
von Arnim
Elizabeth Russell
Elizabeth
Elizabeth von Arnim
Elizabeth
Von Arnim
Elizabeth


texts:
 corresponded, reviewed each others works and became close.Mansfield, ill with tuberculosis, lived in the Montana region of Switzerland (now Crans-Montana) from May 1921 until January 1922, renting the Chalet des Sapins with her husband John Middleton Murry from June 1921. The house was only a "1/2 an hour's scramble away" from <mask>'s Chalet Soleil at Randogne. <mask> visited her cousin niece often during this period. They got on well, although Mansfield considered the much wealthier <mask> to be patronising. Mansfield satirised <mask> as the character Rosemary in a short story, "A Cup of Tea", which she wrote while in Switzerland. She studied at the Royal College of Music, principally learning the organ. Personal life

On 21 February 1891, <mask> married the widowed German aristocrat Count  (1851–1910) in London, whom she had met on a tour of Italy with her father two years earlier.He was the eldest son of the late Count <mask> <mask>, the former German Ambassador to France. They lived in Berlin initially and in 1896 moved to what was then Nassenheide, Pomerania (now Rzędziny in Poland), where the <mask>rnims had their family estate. In 1899, Henning <mask> was arrested and imprisoned for fraud, but later acquitted. The couple had four daughters and a son. Their tutors at Nassenheide included E. M. Forster, who worked there for several months in the spring and summer of 1905. Forster wrote a short memoir of the months he spent there. From April to July 1907 the writer Hugh Walpole was their tutor.In

masks:
von Arnim
Von Arnim
Von Arnim
Von Arnim
Elizabeth
Harry von
Arnim
von A
von Arnim


texts:
 1908, <mask> moved to London with the children. The couple did not consider this a formal separation, although the marriage had been unhappy due to the Count's affairs and they had slept in separate bedrooms for some time. In 1910, financial problems meant the Nassenheide estate had to be sold. Later that year <mask> <mask> died in Bad Kissingen, with his wife and three of their daughters by his side. In 1911, <mask> moved to Randogne, Switzerland, where she built the Chalet Soleil and entertained literary and society friends. From 1910 until 1913, she was a mistress of the novelist H. G. Wells. The <mask>'s daughter Felicitas, who had been at boarding school in Switzerland and later in Germany, died of pneumonia aged 16 in 1916, in Bremen.She had been unable to return to England due to restrictions caused by World War I travel and financial controls. Second marriage
<mask> married Frank Russell, 2nd Earl Russell and elder brother of Bertrand Russell, in 1916. The marriage ended in acrimony, with the couple separating in 1919, although they never divorced. She then went to the United States, where her daughters Liebet and Evi were living. In 1920 she returned to her home in Switzerland, using it as a base for frequent trips to other parts of Europe. In the same year she embarked on an affair with Alexander Stuart Frere (1892–1984), who later became chairman of the publisher Heinemann. He was 26 years her junior.He initially went to stay at the Chalet Soleil to catalogue her large library, and romance

masks:
Elizabeth
Count von
Arnim
Elizabeth
von Arnim
Von Arnim


texts:
 ensued. The affair lasted several years. In 1933, he married writer and theater critic Patricia Wallace. They named their only daughter <mask> (later <mask> Jones) in <mask>'s honour, who became the child's godmother. In 1930, she set up home in Mougins in the south of France, seeking a warmer climate. She created a rose garden there and called the house Mas des Roses. She continued to entertain her social and literary circle there, as she had done in Switzerland.She retained this house to the end of her life, although she moved to the United States in 1939 at the beginning of World War II. She died of influenza at the Riverside Infirmary, Charleston, South Carolina, on 9 February 1941, aged 74, and was cremated at Fort Lincoln cemetery, Maryland. In 1947 her ashes were mingled with those of her brother, Sir Sydney Beauchamp, in the churchyard of St Margaret's, Tylers Green, Penn, Buckinghamshire. The Latin inscription on her tombstone reads parva sed apta (small but apt), alluding to her short stature. Literary career

<mask> launched her career as a writer with her satirical and semi-autobiographical Elizabeth and Her German Garden (1898). Published anonymously, it chronicled the protagonist <mask>'s struggles to create a garden on the family estate and her attempts to integrate into German aristocratic Junker society. In it she fictionalized her husband as "The Man of Wrath".It was reprinted twenty times by May 1899, a year after its publication. A bitter-sweet memoir and companion to it was The

masks:
Elizabeth
Elizabeth Frere
von Arnim
Von Arnim
Elizabeth


texts:
 Solitary Summer (1899). By 1900, <mask>'s books had such success that the identity of "<mask>" caused newspaper speculation in London, New York and elsewhere. Other works, such as The Benefactress (1902), The Adventures of Elizabeth on Rügen (1904), Vera (1921), and Love (1925), were also semi-autobiographical. Some titles ensued that deal with protest against domineering Junkertum and witty observations of life in provincial Germany, including The Princess Priscilla's Fortnight (1905) and Fräulein Schmidt and Mr Anstruther (1907). She would sign her twenty or so books, after the first, initially as "by the author of Elizabeth and Her German Garden" and later simply as "By Elizabeth". Although she never wrote a traditional autobiography, All the Dogs of My Life, a 1936 account of her love for her pets, contains many glimpses of her glittering social circle.Reception

<mask>'s 1921 novel Vera, a dark tragi-comedy drawing on her disastrous marriage to Earl Russell, was her most critically acclaimed work, described by John Middleton Murry as "Wuthering Heights by Jane Austen". Her 1922 work, The Enchanted April, inspired by a month-long holiday to the Italian Riviera, is perhaps the lightest and most ebullient of her novels. It has regularly been adapted for the stage and screen: as a Broadway play in 1925 a 1935 American feature film, an Academy Award-nominated feature film in 1992 (starring Josie Lawrence, Jim Broadbent and Joan Plowright among others), a Tony Award-nominated stage play in 2003, a musical

masks:
Von Arnim
Elizabeth
Arnim


texts:
 play in 2010, and in 2015 a serial on BBC Radio 4. Terence de Vere White credits The Enchanted April with making the Italian resort of Portofino fashionable. It is also, probably, the most widely read of all her work, having been a Book-of-the-Month club choice in America upon publication. Her 1940 novel Mr. Skeffington, was made into an Academy Award-nominated feature film by Warner Bros. in 1944, starring Bette Davis and Claude Rains, and a 60-minute "Lux Radio Theater" broadcast radio adaptation of the movie on 1 October 1945. Since 1983, the British publisher Virago has been reprinting her work with new introductions by modern writers, some of which try to claim her as a feminist.The Reader's Encyclopedia reports that many of her later novels are "tired exercises", but this opinion is not widely held. Perhaps the best example of <mask>'s mordant wit and unusual attitude to life, is provided in one her letters: "I'm so glad I didn't die on the various occasions I have earnestly wished I might, for I would have missed a lot of lovely weather." Master's thesis, Ghent University, 2009 ( PDF; 378 KB)
de Charms, Leslie: <mask> of the German Garden: A Biography – London: Heinemann, 1958
Amanda DeWees, "<mask> Arnim". An Encyclopedia of British Women Writers, ed. Paul Schlueter and June Schlueter. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1998, pp. 13 ff.Iwona Eberle, Eve with a Spade: Women, Gardens, and Literature in the Nineteenth Century. Munich: Grin, 2011,
Kate Browder Heberlein, "Arnim, <mask> von".

masks:
von Aim
Elizabeth
Elizabeth von
Elizabeth


texts:
 Dictionary of British Women Writers, ed. Jane Todd. London: Routledge, 1998, No. 12
Alision Hennegan, "In a Class of Her Own: <mask> <mask>", Women Writers of the 1930s: Gender, Politics and History, ed. and introduction by Maroula Joannou.Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1999, pp. 100–112
Michael Hollington, "'Elizabeth' and Her Books" AUMLA 87 (May 1997), pp. 43–51
Kirsten Jüngling and Brigitte Roßbeck, <mask> <mask>; Eine Biographie. Frankfurt: Insel, 1996,
Isobel Maddison, "The Curious Case of Christine: <mask> <mask>'s Wartime Text", First World War Studies, vol 3 (2) October 2012, pp. 183–200
Ashley Oles, The Angel in the Garden: Recovering <mask> <mask>'s 'The Pastor's Wife''', Master's thesis, East Carolina University, 2012 ( PDF; 378 KB)
Juliane Roemhild, Feminity and Authorship in the Novels of <mask> <mask>. New Jersey: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2014
Talia Schaffer, "<mask> [née Beauchamp], <mask> [Mary Annette, Countess Russell]". The Cambridge Guide to Women's Writing in English, ed.Lorna Sage, advis. eds. Germaine Greer et al. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, p. 646
George Walsh, "Lady Russell, 74, Famous Novelist, Author of 'Elizabeth and Her German Garden' Dies in a Charleston, S. C., Hospital". Obituary in New York Times, 10 February 1941
<mask> Young, More than 'Wisteria and Sunshine': The Garden as a Space of Female Introspection and Identity in <mask> <mask>'s 'The Enchanted April' and 'Vera'. Master's thesis, Brigham University, 2011 (PDF)
Ruth Derham,

masks:
Elizabeth von
Arnim
Elizabeth von
Arnim
Elizabeth von
Arnim
Elizabeth von
Arnim
Elizabeth von
Arnim
Von Arnim
Elizabeth
Katie Elizabeth
Elizabeth von
Arnim


texts:
 Bertrand's Brother: The Marriages, Morals and Misdemeanours of Frank, 2nd Earl Russell. Stroud: Amberley Publishing, ISBN 9781398102835.Other biographies
Joyce Morgan, The Countess from Kirribilli. Sydney: Allen & Unwin, 2021

Katie Roiphe, Uncommon Arrangements: Seven Portraits of Married Life in London Literary Circles 1910–1939. New York: Dial Press, 2008
Jennifer Walker, Elizabeth of the German Garden – A Literary Journey''. Brighton: Book Guild, 2013

External links

1866 births
1941 deaths
Writers from Sydney
<mask>
German countesses
British women novelists
19th-century British novelists
20th-century British novelists
19th-century British women writers
19th-century British writers
20th-century British women writers
Deaths from influenza
Infectious disease deaths in South


texts:
<mask> (born May 8, 1987) is an American former professional basketball player. He played college basketball for the North Carolina Tar Heels after a high school career at Bishop Denis J. O'Connell High School in Arlington, Virginia. High school career
<mask> attended Bishop Denis J. O'Connell High School where he was coached by Joseph Wootten. <mask> started all four years while there, leaving with 116 wins to only 19 losses during his tenure there. His accolades include 3 Virginia Independent Schools Division I state champions (2002, 2003, 2005), MVP of Alhambra Invitational, MVP of the 2004 GlaxoSmithKline Holiday Invitational, first-team All-Metro by the Washington Post, first-team All-Northern Virginia, Virginia Independent Schools Player of the Year, and Gatorade Player of the Year and Mr. Basketball in Virginia. <mask>'s high school statistics include 1,615 points (14.2 per game), 520 rebounds (4.6 per game), 298 steals, and 289 assists. College career
While at the University of North Carolina, <mask> became known as a defensive specialist.During his career, he was defensive player of the game 20 times out of the 107 games that he played. He started 55 of those 107 games. In the 2006–07 and 2007–08 seasons, <mask> was voted the University of North Carolina's defensive player of the year. In addition, he was voted to the media and coaches' Atlantic Coast Conference all-defensive teams in the 2007–08 season, as well as Atlantic Coast Conference All-Tournament Team honors for the same year. <mask>'s game was not restricted to his defensive abilities either, evident in the fact that he scored over 600 points in his career. His versatility was useful as wellwhile in college, and he played four out of  five positions.

masks:
Marcus Darrel Ginyard
Ginyard
Ginyard
Ginyard
Ginyard
Ginyard
Ginyard


texts:
 However, early in his senior season (2008–2009) <mask> sustained a stress fracture in his left foot that forced him to take a medical redshirt.The Tar Heels men's basketball team won the 2009 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament, with <mask> supporting the team as the "No. 1 Cheerleader," according to teammate Bobby Frasor. On July 17, 2010, he signed with BBC Bayreuth of Germany for the 2010–11 season. Ironi Nahariya (2011–2012)
On October 5, 2011, <mask> signed with Ironi Nahariya of Israel for the 2011–12 season. Anwil Włocławek (2012–2013)
On July 23, 2012, <mask> signed with Anwil Włocławek of Poland for the 2012–13 season. Azovmash (2013–2014)
On August 12, 2013, <mask> signed with Azovmash Mariupol of the Ukraine for the 2013–14 season. On March 3, 2014, he parted ways with Azovmash due to the Ukraine's military conflict with Russia.Zielona Góra (2014)
On March 28, 2014, he signed with Stelmet Zielona Góra for the rest of the season. Westchester Knicks (2014–2015)
On November 3, 2014, <mask> was acquired by the Westchester Knicks of the NBA Development League. On February 13, 2015, he was waived by Westchester after a season-ending injury. Panionios (2015)
On March 13, 2015, he signed with Greek club Panionios for the rest of the 2014–15 Greek Basket League season. Hermine Nantes (2015–2016)
For the 2015–16 season, he signed with Hermine de Nantes Atlantique of the French LNB Pro B.

Czarni Słupsk (2016–2017)
On August 19, 2016, <mask> signed with Polish club  Czarni Słupsk for the 2016–17 season. Rabotnički (2017–2018)
On August 22, 2017, <mask> signed with Macedonian basketball club Rabotnički. Limoges CSP (2019–2021)
On June 21, 2019, <mask> signed a deal with Limoges CSP of the LNB Pro A.On January 5,

masks: Ginyard Ginyard Ginyard Ginyard Ginyard Ginyard Ginyard Ginyard Ginyard


texts:
 2022, <mask> announced his retirement from professional basketball. Personal life
<mask> was born in Rochester, New York to parents Ronald Sr. and Annise <mask>. At a young age, the <mask>s moved to the northern Virginia area, specifically Woodbridge and Alexandria. His mother Annise provided an early basketball introduction to her son. She played basketball in the Marine Corps basketball league until her career was ended due to an injury. Annise continues to stay involved with basketball; she is a strength and conditioning coach for Bishop Denis J. O'Connell High School. His father Ronald, a Marine, was in the Pentagon during the September 11, 2001 attacks.In high school <mask> was a National Honor Society member and a National Merit Scholar, and at the University of North Carolina, he majored in communications. References

External links

 LNB Pro B profile
 Polish League profile
 FIBA.com profile

1987 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in France
American expatriate basketball people in Germany
American expatriate basketball people in Israel
American expatriate basketball people in Poland
American expatriate basketball people in North Macedonia
American expatriate basketball people in Ukraine
American men's basketball players
Basketball players at the 2008 NCAA Division I Men's Final Four
Basketball players from New York (state)
Basketball players from Virginia
Basket Zielona Góra players
BC Azovmash players
Ironi Nahariya players
KK Rabotnički players
KK Włocławek players
Limoges CSP players
North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball players
People from Woodbridge, Virginia
Shooting guards
Small forwards
Sportspeople from Alexandria, Virginia
Sportspeople from Rochester, New York
Westchester

masks: Ginyard Ginyard Ginyard Ginyard Ginyard


texts:
Rodney Hylton Smith, better known by his stage name <mask>uva (born 9 September 1972), is a British rapper and producer. Since his debut in 1994, he has produced numerous albums and singles on the label Big Dada, achieving commercial success with albums Run Come Save Me and Slime & Reason. He has been described as "one of the most influential artists in British music history." His most recent studio album, Bleeds, was released in October 2015. Biography
Smith grew up around Stockwell, London, England. His parents were from a small village in Jamaica where his father was a preacher and tailor. He spent much of his early life in poverty and this and his strict Pentecostal upbringing had an influence on his music as can be heard in many of his tracks such as "Sinny Sin Sins" and "Colossal Insight".Of his early discovery of music he says:

Smith made his recorded debut in 1994 as part of IQ Procedure through Suburban Base's short-lived hip hop imprint Bluntly Speaking Vinyl. He debuted as Roots Manuva the same year on Blak Twang's "Queen's Head" single, before releasing his own single, "Next Type of Motion" the following year through the same label, the Sound of Money. 1996 saw the release of his collaborations with Skitz ("Where My Mind Is At"/"Blessed Be The Manner") on 23


texts: Skidoo's Ronin label. The release of "Feva" on Tony Vegas' Wayward imprint followed in 1997. This was also the year that saw the first releases from Big Dada, a collaboration between Coldcut's Ninja Tune label and hip hop journalist Will Ashon. Releasing for Coldcut's renowned experimental/hip hop label Ninja Tune in 1998, some of his music may be seen as a predecessor of grime. The following year he released his debut album, Brand New Second Hand.A reference to his family's modest lifestyle, the title is a phrase his mother used for presents he got as a youngster that were pre-used. The single "Witness (1 Hope)", from his second album Run Come Save Me, with its lyrical flow and heavy shuffling squelch bass (allegedly a result of Smith trying to copy the Doctor Who theme) is a UK rap anthem. He had such an impact on the UK rap scene that The Times said that "his is the voice of urban Britain, encompassing dub, ragga, funk and hip hop as it sweeps from crumbling street corners to ganja-filled dancehalls, setting gritty narratives against all manner of warped beats." Manuva was rewarded for his breakthrough with a MOBO as Best Hip Hop Act that year. The lyrics of his songs have a British edge, with critics highlighting his references to eating cheese on toast and drinking


texts:
 bitter as examples of this. He can be heard on many songs performed with other artists such as Chali 2na (and Ozomatli), Jamie Cullum, DJ Shadow, Mr Scruff, U.N.K.L.E., Fun Lovin' Criminals, Nightmares on Wax, The Cinematic Orchestra, Beth Orton, The Herbaliser, Leftfield, Saian Supa Crew and Coldcut. He also made an appearance on the Gorillaz album Demon Days, on the track "All Alone".Manuva headlined the Lounge on the Farm festival 11 July 2009. Discography

Studio albums

EPs
Next Type of Motion (1995)
Awfully De/EP (24 October 2005)
Banana Skank EP (21 January 2013)
 "Stolen Youth EP" (6 August 2013)

Live albums
 Live from London (iTunes) (15 August 2008)

Singles
 "Juggle Tings Proper" (22 February 1999)
 "Motion 5000" (5 July 1999)
 "Witness (1 Hope)" (23 July 2001) UK No. 45
 "Dreamy Days" (8 October 2001) UK No. 53
 "Yellow Submarine" (14 October 2002)
 "Colossal Insight" (17 January 2005) UK No. 33
 "Too Cold" (21 March 2005) UK No. 39
 "Buff Nuff" (30 June 2008)
 "Again & Again" (25 August 2008) – featured on the EA TRAX soundtrack for the EA Sports videogame Fight Night Round 4
 "Let the Spirit" (27 October 2008)
 "Do Nah Bodda Mi" (29 June 2009)
 "It's On (Banana Klan)" (28 April 2011)
 "Here We Go Again (feat. Spikey Tee)" (3 October 2011)
 "Don't Breathe Out"


texts:
 (22 September 2015)

Guest appearances
 Amon Tobin – "Saboteur mix," also known as "Saboteur -- Roots Manuva version" (from Ninja Tune compilation Xen Cuts)
 Antipop Consortium - "NY to Tokyo" (from Fluorescent Black)
 Audio Bullys – "Made Like That" (feat.Roots Manuva & Mr Fox) (from Generation)
 Blak Twang – "Queen's Head" (from Dettwork S.E. promo); "Shhhoosh" (from 19 Long Time)
 Breakage – "Run 'Em Out"
 The Cinematic Orchestra – "All Things to All Men" (from Every Day); "A Caged Bird / Imitations of Life" (from To Believe)
 Cornish Waters – "Look to Myself for Faith" (from UK Hustlerz – The Return, under the pseudonym Brigadier Smythe)
 Coldcut – "True Skool" (from Sound Mirrors) UK No. 61, "Only Heaven" (from Only Heaven EP)
 DJ Mentat – "Rugged Wid' It" (with Seanie T)
 DJ Shadow – "GDMFSOB (UNKLE Uncensored mix)" (from "Mashin' on the Motorway")
 DJ Skitz – "Inner City Folk" and "Fingerprints of the Gods" (from Countryman)
 Dobie – "Connectivity" (from The Sound of One Hand Clapping)
 Freq Nasty – "Boomba Clatt" (from Bring Me the Head of Freq Nasty)
 Fun Lovin' Criminals – "Keep on Yellin'" (from Classic Fantastic)
 Gorillaz – "All Alone" (from Demon Days alongside Martina Topley-Bird)
 The Herbaliser – "Lord Lord" (from Take London); "Starlight" (from Very


texts:
 Mercenary)
 INORAN – "Rat Race" (from Sou)
 Jamie Cullum – "Love for $ale" (from "Momentum")
 King Kooba – "Barefoot" (from Indian Summer)
 Killa Kela – "Here Comes The Submarines feat. Roots Manuva" (from Elocution)
 Leftfield – "Dusted" (from Rhythm and Stealth) UK No. 28
 Lotek HiFi – "Move Ya Ting" (from Mixed Blessings)
 The Maccabees – "Empty Vessels"
 Massive Attack - "Dead Editors" (from Ritual Spirit EP)
 Morcheeba – "Blaze Away" (from Blaze Away)
 Mr. Scruff – "Jus Jus" (from Keep It Unreal), "Nice Up The Function" (from Ninja Tuna)
 N'fa – "My Style" (from Cause An Effect)
 New Flesh for Old – "Norbert & Cecil" (from Understanding, under the pseudonym Cecil P.Y.L.M. Pim Pimpernel)
 Reachout – "For Whom the Heart Beats" (from The Bristo Sq. EP)
 Ty – "Oh U Want More?"(from Upwards) UK No. 65 (also "So U Want ? (refix)" on Upwards new edition)
 Saian Supa Crew – "Hey Yo My Man"
 Speech Debelle - "Blaze Up a Fire" (from Freedom of Speech)
 Colossus – "Thrupenny Bits" (from "West Oaktown") (OmRecords 2002 – pseudonym Hylton Smythe)
 Nightmares on Wax – "70s 80s (Up Bringing Mix) (feat. <mask>uva, LSK, Rodney P and Tozz 180)" (from "70s 80s" single)
 The Herbaliser – "Something Wicked (Roots Manuva's Haunted House Dub)" (limited free release from Ninja Tune website to


texts:
 celebrate forthcoming Ninja Tune boxset). DELS – "Capsize" (from GOB – 2011)

Other
 Badmeaningood Vol.2 (7 October 2002) (19 tracks selected by Rodney Smith for the Badmeaningood series.) Back to Mine: <mask> Manuva (24 October 2005) (18 tracks selected by Smith for the Back to Mine series.) The Blacknificent 7 – Riding Thru Da Undaground!(collaboration with Seanie T, Rodney P, Skeme, Est'elle, Karl Hinds, Jeff3)
 Black Whole Styles – "Uranium 235" (with Drunken Imoortals & New Flesh) & "Feel Da Panic"
 Extra Yard: The Bouncement Revolution – "Dreamy Days(Loteck Productions) featuring Ricky Rankin, "Born Again" featuring Wildflower, "Witness The Swords" featuring Fallacy, Rodney P, Blackitude, Big P & Skeme, "Bashment Boogie"
 Sound01: A Big Dada Sampler – "Skiver's Guide" featuring Black Twang & Gamma

Trivia
 "Witness (1 Hope)" appeared in the 8th episode of season 2 of Ted Lasso, as psychologist Sharon was biking to her office. "Witness (1 Hope)" was played in the UK game show Total Wipeout international special episode. "Witness" (1 Hope) was also featured in the 2006 film Children of Men. "Awfully Deep" was used as a background track in series 2 of TFI Friday''. "Witness (1 Hope)" was used as part of the soundtrack for Big Up Production's video of Chris Sharma's ascent


texts:
 of the bouldering problem called "Witness the Fitness" (V15). References

External links

Roots Manuva interview at musicOMH.com

1972 births
Living people
English people of Jamaican descent
English male rappers
English Pentecostals
Big Dada artists
Ninja Tune artists
Rappers from London
People from Stockwell
Black British male


texts:
<mask> (born 3 May 1990) is an Indian actress who primarily works in Malayalam and Kannada films along with a few Telugu and Tamil films. She made her acting debut in the 2009 Telugu film Bendu Apparao R.M.P. She has won Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actress for her performance in Iruvudellava Bittu, a 2018 Kannada film. She is the wife of Kannada actor Chiranjeevi Sarja. Early life
<mask> was born on 3 May 1990 as the only daughter to film actors <mask> and Pramila Joshai. Her father Sundar has acted in more than 180 films, predominantly in Kannada language, while her mother Pramila Joshai is a noted Kannada film actress and film producer. She completed her schooling from Baldwin Girls' High School and holds Bachelor's degree in psychology at Christ University, Bangalore.Acting career

2009–11: Debut, breakthrough and setback
<mask> <mask> debuted as a theatre artist, when she was a child, acting alongside her father Sunder <mask> in the play Jokumaraswamy. During the audio launch function of the Tamil film Poi in February 2006, she was invited by its director K. Balachander to pursue an acting career, starring in one of his forthcoming films. Accepting his offer, she was given the lead female role in the Tamil film Krishnaleelai, a Balachander production, directed by Selvan. However, despite continuing shooting throughout 2008, which was completed in early 2009, the film got stuck in production hell, and its release got delayed for various reasons. Even before the release of that film, she commenced shooting for a Telugu film Bendu Apparao R.M.P, which would eventually be her first feature film release. She played the character of a school teacher in the comedy entertainer, starring Allari Naresh and Kamna Jethmalani as well, which released in October 2009 and went on to become highly successful at the box office. She debuted in the Kannada films by enacting the female lead role in Punda, a remake of the 2007 Tamil film Polladhavan.<mask>'s next release was her debut Tamil film, the Boopathy Pandian-directed

masks:
Meghana Sunder Raj
Meghana Raj
Sundar Raj
Meghana
Raj
Raj
Meghana


texts:
 Kaadhal Solla Vandhen, while she also signed up her first Malayalam project, the horror film Yakshiyum Njanum under Vinayan's direction, which was released in August 2010. Although the film was just an average grosser, its glamorous and sensual songs on Meghana was a hit among the youth and made her an instant favorite among the youth. During that time she also acted in two more projects, Nanda Nanditha, which is a remake of the 2008 Kannada film Nanda Loves Nanditha and the Tamil film Kalla Siripazhaga. 2011–13: Beautiful and commercial success
After a series of flops for most of 2011 where she was seen repeatedly cast merely as a glamour actress, <mask> reverted to winning ways with the Malayalam film Beautiful which was released in the first week of December. The film was a success both commercially and critically and critics widely regarded it as one of the best Malayalam movies of 2011. <mask>'s portrayal of Anjali, a home nurse in the film won her very good reviews. Since getting noticed with Beautiful, Meghana got a lot of Malayalam films offers and for a brief period of time was the most sought out actress in Malayalam.It was during this time when <mask> started to undergo a total physique revamp by going through a strict diet and exercise regime. She made this decision partly because she was getting constantly ignored in Kannada films (her mother tongue) and the reason told was she was fat. Her 2012 Malayalam film Namukku Parkkan did a decent business at the box office. Subsequent films Mullamottum Munthiricharum, Banking Hours 10 to 4, Maad Dad, Madirasi and Red Wine failed to perform. However, her next film Memories opposite Prithviraj Sukumaran opened to overwhelmingly positive reviews and was a box office success. 2013–15: Second wind in Sandalwood and continuing success
After a gap of almost four years, <mask> <mask> returned to Kannada films in late 2013 with the successful film Raja Huli,  She followed it with another hit, Bahuparak; her performances in both films were well appreciated. <mask>'s next

masks: Meghana Meghana Meghana Meghana Raj Meghana


texts:
 Kannada movie Aatagara was released in late August 2015 to both critical and commercial acclaim and thus achieving a hat-trick of hits in Sandalwood.She is currently concentrating more on Kannada films as she has lot of offers from Sandalwood at the moment. Her next film Vamshodharaka got mixed to negative reviews and thus failed at the box office. 2016 onwards: Dull phase at the box office

Post 2016 <mask> <mask>'s releases such as Hallelooya, Lakshmana, Bhujanga and Allama all turned out to be non-performers at the box office. She has committed few more Kannada and Malayalam films as of now. <mask> was recently chosen to portray princess Bhanumati in the Kannada magnum opus Kurukshetra. Personal life
After a 10-year relationship with fellow Kannada actor Chiranjeevi Sarja, <mask> got engaged to him on 22 October 2017. They got married on 2 May 2018.Sarja died on 7 June 2020 from cardiac arrest when they were expecting their first child. Their son Raayan <mask> was born on 22 October 2020. Filmography

As singer

Television

Awards and nominations
 2011: The Kochi Times Film Award for Promising Newcomer - Beautiful
 2011: Suvarna Film Award for Best Debut Actress in Kannada - Punda
 2012: Nominated –   Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Malayalam - Beautiful
 2018: Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actress - Iruvudellava Bittu
 2019: Nominated – Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Kannada - Iruvudellava Bittu
 2019: Nominated – Filmibeat Award for Best Actress – Kannada - Iruvudellava Bittu

Public image
<mask>'s official Facebook page has received more than 2.5 million likes. She was ranked No.19 in the Kochi Times 'Most desirable Woman 2015' poll. <mask> <mask> was also ranked No.10 in the Bangalore Times 'Most desirable Women 2015' poll. References

External links

Indian film actresses
Actresses in Kannada cinema
Living people
Kannada people
Actresses from Bangalore
Actresses in Tamil cinema
Actresses in Malayalam cinema
Actresses in Telugu cinema
21st-century Indian actresses
Christ University

masks:
Meghana
Raj
Meghana
Meghana
Raj Sarja
Meghana
Meghana
Raj


texts:
<mask>. (September 20, 1928 – June 23, 2018) was an American poet, writer, editor and literary critic. He was the author of over 50 books across several genres from children's literature, biography, memoir, essays, and including 22 volumes of verse. <mask> was a graduate of Phillips Exeter Academy, Harvard, and Oxford. Early in his career, he became the first poetry editor of The Paris Review (1953–1961), the quarterly literary journal, and was noted for interviewing poets and other authors on their craft. On June 14, 2006, <mask> was appointed as the Library of Congress's 14th Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry (commonly known as "Poet Laureate of the United States"). He is regarded as a "plainspoken, rural poet," and it has been said that, in his work, he "explores the longing for a more bucolic past and reflects [an] abiding reverence for nature." <mask> was respected for his work as an academic, having taught at Stanford University, Bennington College and the University of Michigan, and having made significant contributions to the study and craft of writing.Life and career

Early life and education
<mask> was born in Hamden, Connecticut, the only child of <mask> <mask>, a businessman, and Lucy Wells. He was educated at Phillips Exeter Academy, then earned an A.B. magna cum laude from Harvard in 1951, where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa, and a B.Litt., from Oxford in 1953. <mask> received an honorary PhD, Lit. from Bates College in 1991. <mask> began writing even before reaching his teens, beginning with poems and short stories, and then moving on to novels and dramatic verse. <mask> continued to write throughout his prep school years at Exeter, and, while still only sixteen years old, attended the Bread Loaf Writers' Conference, where he made his first acquaintance with the poet Robert

masks:
Donald Andrew Hall Jr
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Donald Andrew
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall


texts: Frost.That same year, he published his first work. While an undergraduate at Harvard, <mask> served on the editorial board of The Harvard Advocate, and got to know a number of people who, like him, were poised with significant ambitions in the literary world, amongst them John Ashbery, Robert Bly, Kenneth Koch, Frank O'Hara, and Adrienne Rich. During his senior year, he won the Glascock Prize that Koch had won 3 years earlier. After leaving Harvard, <mask> went to Oxford for two years, to study for the B.Litt. He was editor of the magazine Oxford Poetry, as literary editor of Isis, as editor of New Poems, and as poetry editor of The Paris Review. At the end of his first Oxford year, <mask> also won the university's Newdigate Prize, awarded for his long poem, 'Exile'. In September 1952, he married his first wife, Kirby Thompson, with whom he had his son and daughter.On returning to the United States, <mask> went to Stanford University, where he spent one year as a Creative Writing Fellow, studying under the poet-critic, Yvor Winters. Following his year at Stanford, <mask> went back to Harvard, where he spent three years in the Society of Fellows. During that time, he put together his first book, Exiles and Marriages. In 1957, with Robert Pack and Louis Simpson, he edited an anthology which was to make a significant impression on both sides of the Atlantic, New Poets of England and America. It was later juxtaposed with <mask>'s The New American Poetry 1945–1960. In 1968, he signed the "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War. While teaching at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan, he met the poet Jane Kenyon, whom he married in 1972.Three years later, the couple moved to Eagle Pond Farm, his grandparents' former home in

masks:
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Donald Allen


texts:
 Wilmot, New Hampshire. <mask> and Kenyon were profiled at their home in a 1993 PBS documentary, "A Life Together," which aired as an episode of Bill Moyers Journal. In 1989, when <mask> was in his early sixties, it was discovered that he had colon cancer. Surgery followed, but by 1992 the cancer had metastasized to his liver. After another operation, and chemotherapy, he went into remission, though he was told that he only had a one-in-three chance of surviving the next five years. Then, early in 1994, it was discovered that Kenyon had leukemia. Her illness, her death fifteen months later, and <mask>'s struggle to come to terms with these things, were the subject of his 1998 book, Without.Another book of poems dedicated to Kenyon, Painted Bed, is cited by Publishers Weekly as "more controlled, more varied and more powerful, this taut follow-up volume reexamines <mask>'s grief while exploring the life he has made since. The book's first poem, 'Kill the Day,' stands among the best <mask> has ever written. It examines mourning in 16 long-lined stanzas, alternating catalogue with aphorism, understatement with keened lament: 'How many times will he die in his own lifetime?'" <mask> served as a member of the editorial board for poetry at the Wesleyan University Press from 1958 to 1964. He was closely affiliated with the Bennington College's graduate writing program since 1994, giving lectures and readings annually. Career

Hall published fifteen books of poetry, most recently White Apples and the Taste of Stone (2006), The Painted Bed (2002) and Without: Poems (1998), which was published on the third anniversary of Kenyon's death. Most of the poems in Without deal with Kenyon's illness and death, and many are epistolary poems.In addition to poetry, he also wrote several memoirs (among them Life Work and

masks: Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall


texts: String Too Short to be Saved), children's books (notably Ox-Cart Man, which won the Caldecott Medal), and a number of plays. His recurring themes include New England rural living, baseball, and how work conveys meaning to ordinary life. He is regarded as a master both of received forms and free verse, and a champion of the art of revision, for whom writing is a craft, not merely a mode of self-expression. <mask> won many awards, including two Guggenheim Fellowships and a Robert Frost Medal, and served as poet laureate of his state. He lived and worked at Eagle Pond Farm. When not working on poems, he turned his hand to reviews, criticism, textbooks, sports journalism, memoirs, biographies, children's stories, and plays. He also devoted a lot of time to editing: between 1983 and 1996 he oversaw publication of more than sixty titles for the University of Michigan Press alone.He was for five years Poet Laureate of his home state, New Hampshire (1984–89), and among the many other honours and awards to have come his way were: the Lamont Poetry Prize for Exiles and Marriages (1955), the Edna St Vincent Millay Award (1956), two Guggenheim Fellowships (1963–64, 1972–73), inclusion on the Horn Book Honour List (1986), the Sarah Josepha Hale Award (1983), the Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize (1987), the National Book Critics Circle Award for Poetry (1988), the NBCC Award (1989), the Los Angeles Times Book Prize in poetry (1989), and the Frost Medal (1990). He was nominated for the National Book Award on three separate occasions (1956, 1979 and 1993). In 1994, he received the Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize for his lifetime achievement. <mask> was named the fourteenth U.S. Poet Laureate, succeeding Ted Kooser. He served from October 1, 2006, and was succeeded by Charles Simic the following year. At the time of his

masks: Hall Hall


texts:
 appointment, <mask> was profiled in episode of The News Hour with Jim Lehrer which aired on October 16, 2006.<mask> was awarded the 2010 National Medal of Arts by President Barack Obama. <mask>'s penultimate work is a 2018 recording of an eleven-song cycle on the topic of mortality, entitled "Mortality Mansions: Songs of Love and Loss After 60." The poems are by <mask> and are read by the author, the music is by Grammy Award-winning composer Herschel Garfein. His last book A Carnival of Losses:  Essays Nearing Ninety was published on July 10, 2018. Film
<mask> was the subject of a short documentary by Paul Szynol called Quiet Hours. He also appeared in Ken Burns' 1994 documentary on baseball. Personal life
<mask> lived at Eagle Pond Farm in Wilmot, New Hampshire, a small town in Merrimack County.He was married to poet and author Jane Kenyon (1947–1995) for 23 years and lived with her until her death. <mask> died on June 23, 2018, at the age of 89 at his home in Wilmot. Selected awards and honors
 1952: Newdigate Prize
 1955: Lamont Poetry Prize, for Exiles and Marriages
 1956: Edna St. Vincent Millay Award
 1956: Nomination for the National Book Award
 1963–1964: Guggenheim Fellowship
 1972–1973: Guggenheim Fellowship
 1979: Nomination for the National Book Award
 1984–1989: Poet Laureate of New Hampshire
 1983: Sarah Josepha Hale Award
 1986: Horn Book Honour List
 1987: Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize
 1988: National Book Critics Circle Award for Poetry
 1989: Los Angeles Times Book Prize in poetry
 1990: Robert Frost Medal from the Poetry Society of America
 1991: Honorary Doctor of Letters (in honoris causa) from Bates College. 1993: Nomination for the National Book Award
 1994: Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize for his lifetime achievement. 1999: L.L. Winship/PEN New England Award for Without: Poems

masks:
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Donald Hall
Hall
Hall


texts:
<mask> (born 23 September 1984) is a retired Canadian pair skater. He competed with Liubov Ilyushechkina from 2014 to 2018. They were the 2017 Four Continents bronze medalists, two-time bronze medalists on the Grand Prix series, and three-time Canadian national medalists (silver in 2015 and 2017, bronze in 2016). With former partner Kirsten Moore-Towers, he was the 2013 Four Continents silver medalist, 2014 Olympic team event silver medalist, and 2011 Canadian national champion. Personal life
<mask> was born 23 September 1984 in Toronto, Ontario. He is Jewish. His mother is a midwife from South Africa, his father is an engineer designer from Montreal, and one of his grandfathers is from Romania.He has two younger sisters, Natasha and Kyra, and a younger brother, Mischa. He is a master of and teaches Krav Maga and is an alumnus of Birthright Israel. Moscovitch is engaged to Canadian tennis player Sharon Fichman. Early years
Moscovitch first stepped onto the ice at the age of 13 months, at an outdoor rink, and then took lessons at the West Toronto Skating Club. Early in his career, he was coached by Paul Wirtz at the Toronto Cricket, Skating and Curling Club. Moscovitch began pair skating in June 2003, partnering his nine-year-old sister, Kyra. He also continued to compete in singles.Paul Wirtz and assistant coaches Kris Wirtz and Kristy Sargeant-Wirtz worked with the Moscovitches until January 2006, when the pair joined Lee Barkell in Barrie, Ontario. Kyra Moscovitch retired from competition after being diagnosed with scoliosis in October 2008. Partnership with Moore-Towers

2009–10 season
In February 2009, Moscovitch teamed with Kirsten Moore-Towers, who had trained at the same rink for several years. Kris Wirtz and Kristy Sargeant-Wirtz coached the pair at the Kitchener-Waterloo Skating Club in Waterloo, Ontario. Moore-Towers/Moscovitch debuted on the Grand Prix series at the 2009 Skate Canada International,

masks:
Dylan David Moscovitch
Dylan David Moscovitch


texts:
 placing sixth. They came fifth at the 2010 Canadian Championships, and thus did not qualify for the Canadian teams for the 2010 Winter Olympics and 2010 World Championships. They were instead sent to the 2010 Four Continents Championships in Jeonju, South Korea, where they placed ninth.2010–11 season: National champions
The pair initially received one Grand Prix assignment, the 2010 Skate America, but received a second, the 2010 Skate Canada International, after Jessica Dube / Bryce Davison withdrew. They won silver at both events and qualified for the Grand Prix Final, where they finished sixth. At the 2011 Canadian Championships, Moore-Towers/Moscovitch placed first in both programs to win the Canadian national title, 16.29 points ahead of silver medalists Meagan Duhamel / Eric Radford. At the 2011 Four Continents Championships they placed fifth overall, after coming fifth in the short program and winning a small bronze medal for coming third in the free skate. In their debut at the 2011 World Championships, they placed eighth. 2011–12 season
Assigned to two Grand Prix events, Moore-Towers/Moscovitch won bronze at both the 2011 Skate America and the 2011 Cup of China. At the 2012 Canadian Championships they placed third in the short program and fourth in the free skate, finishing off the podium in fourth despite being the defending champions.Moore-Towers fell on their three-jump combination, and both fell while exiting a lift, resulting in three fall deductions accrued during the free skate. She commented afterward: "I still love figure skating." 2012–13 season: Silver at Four Continents
Moore-Towers/Moscovitch began the season at the 2012 U.S. Classic, where they won the gold medal. They came fourth at their first Grand Prix assignment, the 2012 Cup of China, but went on to win silver at the 2012 NHK Trophy. These results qualified them for the Grand Prix Final for the second time, where they finished fifth.


texts:
 At the 2013 Canadian Championships, they placed second in both programs to win the silver medal, behind Duhamel/Radford. At the 2013 Four Continents Championships in Osaka, Japan, they placed second in the first program and first in the free skate, again winning the silver medal behind Duhamel/Radford.Moore-Towers' fall on a throw triple loop prevented them from winning the title outright, which she called "a bit unfortunate." This was the team's first (and only, as it would turn out) medal at a major international competition. Moore-Towers/Moscovitch ended the season at the 2013 World Championships in London, Ontario, where they placed fourth after coming fifth in both segments. 2013–14 season: Sochi Olympics
Moore-Towers/Moscovitch won their third gold at 2013 U.S. Classic, before turning to the Grand Prix series. They won a silver medal at the 2013 Skate America and bronze at the 2013 Rostelecom Cup, which qualified them for their third Grand Prix Final, where they again came sixth. They won another silver medal at the 2014 Canadian Championships, and were named to the Canadian team for the 2014 Winter Olympics. Moore-Towers/<mask> were part of the Canadian team for the team event in Sochi, performing the pairs free skate portion, where they came second.Canada won the silver medal overall. In the pairs event, they came sixth in the short program and fifth in the free skate, to finish fifth overall. In their final event together, the 2014 World Championships in Saitama, Japan, they were sixth after the short program, but came third in the free skate, winning a bronze small medal and finishing in fourth place overall for the second straight year. Moore-Towers and Moscovitch announced the end of their partnership on April 30, 2014, stating that they had different goals. Partnership with Iliushechkina
<mask> contacted Russian skater Liubov Ilyushechkina and arranged a tryout, which took place in Detroit in mid-May

masks: Moscovitch Moscovitch


texts:
 2014. On June 3, 2014, a news report stated that they had decided to form a partnership coached by Lee Barkell and Bryce Davison at the Toronto Cricket, Skating and Curling Club. The pair continued training in Detroit until Ilyushechkina received a Canadian visa, in late June.Moscovitch stated, "We have different lifts and different throw and twist techniques. [...] We are still ironing everything out to see what works best for both of us as a team." 2014–15 season
Ilyushechkina/Moscovitch started their career together by winning an ISU Challenger Series (CS) event, the 2014 Warsaw Cup. After winning the 2014 Skate Canada Challenge, they qualified for the 2015 Canadian Championships where they were awarded the silver medal behind defending champions Meagan Duhamel / Eric Radford. They were named in Canada's team to the 2015 Four Continents, where they finished seventh, and the 2015 World Championships, where they came in thirteenth. 2015–16 season
Ilyushechkina/Moscovitch's first assignment of the 2015–16 season was the 2015 Ondrej Nepela Trophy, a CS event, where they finished fourth. They received two Grand Prix assignments, the 2015 Cup of China and 2015 NHK Trophy, where they respectively placed seventh and fifth.They won the bronze medal at the 2016 Canadian Championships. In February, Ilyushechkina/Moscovitch placed fifth at the 2016 Four Continents Championships in Taipei, having ranked fifth in both segments. In April, they finished seventh at the 2016 World Championships in Boston after placing eighth in the short program and sixth in the free skate. 2016–17 season: Bronze at Four Continents
Starting their season on the Challenger Series, Ilyushechkina/<mask> won silver at the 2016 CS Nebelhorn Trophy. In October 2016, they stepped onto their first Grand Prix podium, receiving bronze at the 2016 Skate Canada International. The following month, they won bronze at another Grand Prix event, the 2016 Cup of


texts:
 China. In January 2017, the pair obtained silver at the Canadian Championships.In February, they won the bronze medal at the 2017 Four Continents Championships in Gangneung, South Korea. They reached a career-best sixth place at the 2017 World Championships in Helsinki, Finland. Their placement combined with the seven-place finish of Duhamel/Radford guaranteed Canada three spots at the 2018 Winter Olympics. 2017–18 season
Ilyushechkina became a Canadian citizen in September 2017, which was necessary to qualify to attend to the Olympics. The pair began the season at the 2017 CS Finlandia Trophy, where they finished in fourth place. They finished sixth at the 2017 Skate Canada International and fourth at the 2017 Internationaux de France. Competing at the 2018 Canadian Championships, the outcome of which would decide the composition of the Canadian Olympic team, Ilyushechkina/Moscovitch placed fourth.Both made errors in the free program, with <mask> stepping out of their side-by-side triple toe loop jump. As a result, they were instead sent to the 2018 Four Continents Championships, where they also finished fourth. This would prove to be their last event together, as <mask> announced his retirement afterward. Programs

With Ilyushechkina

With Moore-Towers

With Kyra Moscovitch

Single skating

Results
GP: Grand Prix; CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix

With Ilyushechkina

With Moore-Towers

With Moscovitch

See also
List of select Jewish figure skaters

References

External links

Living people
Canadian male pair skaters
Canadian people of Romanian-Jewish descent
Canadian people of South African descent
Jewish Canadian sportspeople
1984 births
Figure skaters from Toronto
Figure skaters at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Olympic figure skaters of Canada
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Olympic medalists in figure skating
Olympic silver medalists for Canada
Four Continents Figure Skating Championships