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 pure Brazilian art which had a clear break with European influences. He tried through the creation of the Semana de Arte in 1922 and the Bienals in 1951 and 1953 to push for a true Brazilian art which was to be seen as separated from European stylistic influences.This was a dream and philosophy which can be seen as an ideal for <mask>ti which was never found as one can see stylistic influences from the Italian Renaissance, Muralism, and the European Modernists. List of artworks

The artworks below are all on display in the Museu de Arte Contempemporânea (MAC) in São Paulo, Brazil

As cinco moças de Guaratinguetá, 1926

The logo in front of the fabric focuses around the found m-two girls. On the left is a girl in blue dress with flowers, and blue hat the same color as the dress. While on the right, this is in profile, this one is skirt and blouse with details of the color of the skirt, the shirt on the back with a flower not shoulder and its orange hat. She carries a dated parasol. It is not a matter of fabric, but others are found in the highest possible position, with a high level of direction: a direct person is in front, with her blue dress and her green head, she has a profile in profile with her pink dress and pink dress, carrying umbrellas to a letter in pink. The two girls are in white stockings.In the background, the sing is not at the top direct of the screen, with the head resting on the arm that is signed on the window, is the fifth girl. With her orange dress and white hat. She looks out of the screen with her distant gaze. All girls have the same skin tone, exceeding a blue dress, who feared lighter skin and the finest features. All five girls wear hats. A shelled wall shows that either place is very simple, but nonetheless, it is full of charm. Which can be viewed on

Modern Art Week, São Paulo, 1922
Arguably the single most influential event of the historical avant-gardes


type: original

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 in Latin America, Brazil’s Modern Art Week (São Paulo, 1922) put forth a vision for new art that would prove influential throughout the 20th century.A three-day event held at São Paulo’s Municipal Theater, the Modern Art Week provided a point of connection for different artists and also displayed a new phenomenon to Brazil’s bourgeois public: the heady mix of ‘‘isms’’ which were circulating in cosmopolitan European circles, including Expressionism, Surrealism, and others. Up until then, this vision had only been articulated in Brazil in piecemeal fashion. The Modern Art Week incorporated dance, music, theater, literature, visual arts, and architecture, and featured artists and writers who would become some of the most influential in the boom of Brazilian modernism that was to follow, among them Mário de Andrade, Oswald de Andrade, Manuel Bandeira, Anita Malfatti, and Tarsila do Amaral. Influenced by Brazil’s rapid industrialization and modernization, the event featured a heterogeneous group that, together, displayed the ambivalent modernization process that characterizes Brazilian modernism more broadly. Unlike many of their avant-garde contemporaries in Latin America and abroad, women artists played key roles in the Modern Art Week and in Brazilian modernist art more generally, especially in visual culture and dance. As seen above on the right. Portrait of Graca Aranha, 1922
José Pereira da Graça Aranha was born on June 21, 1868 in the city of São Luís, capital of Maranhão.He was the son of Themistocles of Silva Maciel Aranha and of Maria da Gloria da Graça. His family was wealthy and, therefore, Graça Aranha had a good education from an early age. He entered the Faculty of Recife to study law, graduating in 1886. With a bachelor's degree in law, he moved to Rio de Janeiro, where he held the position of Judge. Later, he was also a judge in the state of Espírito Santo.It was there that he


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 wrote his most important work "Canaan." Themes such as racism, prejudice and immigration were explored by him in the novel. He traveled to various countries around the Western Hemisphere (England, Italy, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark, France and the Netherlands) as a diplomat.These trips were essential for him to join the modernist movement that was emerging in Brazil. This is because it had contact with the European avant-garde and modern art. He was the organizer of the Modern Art Week that took place at the Municipal Theater of São Paulo in 1922. In general he was a Brazilian writer and diplomat belonging to the pre-modernist movement in Brazil, as well as one of the founders of the Brazilian Academy of Letters (GLA) in 1897, being the holder of chair number 38, whose patron was Tobias Barreto. In addition, he played a leading role in the Modern Art Week of 1922. Le Corbusier, 1923
Oswald and Mario, 1933
Maeterlinck, 1934
Barbusse, 1935
Duhamel, 1935
Ungaretti, 1942
Portrait of Augusto Schmidt, 1950

Exhibitions (above mentioned)

1917 Editoro do Livre, São Paulo, Brazil
1922 Semana de Arte, São Paulo, Brazil
1930 International Art Center, Roerich Center, New York
1932 Exposição de Arte Moderna, São Paulo, Brazil
1937 Art Technique Exhibition, Paris, France
1951 Bienal do Arte Moderna de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (1st)
1953 Bienal do Arte Moderna de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (2nd)

Bibliography
Lucie-Smith, Edward, Latin American Art of the 20th Century, Thames & Hudson, Singapore, 2004
Amaral, Aracy, <mask> di Cavalcanti, Americas Society, New York, 1987. Lemos, Carlos, The art of Brazil, Harper & Row, New York, 1983.See also
 Alfredo Volpi

References

External links
Complete chronology (in Portuguese). Obras Compra e Venda (in Portuguese). 1897 births
1976 deaths
Brazilian Roman Catholics
Converts to Roman Catholicism from atheism or agnosticism
Cavalcanti family
20th-century


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<mask> or <mask> (Gent, 1601 - 1674/1694) was a Flemish painter mainly of portraits whose works were highly prized at the Northern European Courts. He was court painter to the Prince of Orange and was one of the few portrait painters who attended the peace negotiations for the Peace of Münster in 1648. Van Hulle established an international reputation by having the portraits he made of the delegates at the negotiations engraved and published. Life
<mask> was baptized in the St. Bavo Church in Gent on 23 July 1601. He was the son of <mask>. He may have been a pupil of Gaspar de Crayer, a leading Baroque painter from Antwerp working mainly in Brussels. A training with such a prominent painter was relatively expensive.<mask> came from a wealthy family owning various lands and annuities, which he had partially inherited, and was thus able to afford the cost of such a training should it in effect have taken place. <mask> became a master in the Guild of St. Luke of Gent in 1620. He probably made a trip to Italy in 1631 but was back in Gent in the same year. He married on 14 December 1631 with Livina of Thuyne. The couple had four children, who were all baptized in the St. Bavo Church. It is not clear when he moved to the Dutch Republic. He became court painter to the Dutch stadtholder Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange.Van Hulle made various portraits of persons of the Orange dynasty. The Prince sent him in 1645 or 1646 to Münster to make portraits of the delegates who attended the peace negotiations for the Peace of Münster. Van Hulle established a large workshop in Münster to make the portraits and copies of the same. The Flemish painter Jan-Baptist Floris was likely initially an employee of <mask>’s workshop and later started working for his own account by making portraits mostly based on <mask>'s work. Floris is recorded as having received a commission for 34 portrait paintings of the delegates for the Münster Town

masks:
Anselm van Hulle
Anselmus van Hulle
Anselm van Hulle
Egidius van Hulle
Van Hulle
Van Hulle
van Hulle
van Hulle


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 Council at a price of ten thalers. Van Hulle typically charged 10 ducats (20 thalers) for a bust painted by himself. <mask>’s workshop produced many copies of the delegates' portraits which were often acquired by the delegates themselves and by the local councils of cities in the region where the peace talks were held such as Münster and Osnabrück.<mask> was active as an art dealer during his residence in Münster. He left Münster for a while in 1647 to attend to an inheritance matter in the family of his wife. After the conclusion of the peace negotiations in Münster, <mask> followed the delegates to Nuremberg where the debriefings took place in 1649. His patron Frederick Henry died the same year. He travelled to Kassel in 1650 and was active at the Dresden court in 1651. He probably also worked at other courts in the region. From 1652 he was active in Vienna where he entered the service of Emperor Ferdinand III.The emperor gave him a peerage on 27 August 1652. The Emperor sent him to Gottorf Castle in 1653 to paint a portrait of Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp. He then returned to Vienna. The last known record about <mask>e relates to his administration of the estate of Livina <mask> den Tuyne (died 19 March 1673) for which he appeared before a notary in Gent, together with his son Pieter. Work

<mask> has been described as a painter of portraits and history paintings. However, only portrait paintings are currently attributed to him. His portrait paintings include single portraits, family portraits, bust portraits and equestrian portraits.He was a portrait painter to the elite. As court painter to the Dutch stadtholder Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange he produced, amongst others, a series of equestrian portraits of the Dutch stadtholders starting from William the Silent the Frederick Henry himself. These works have remained in the Royal Collection of the Netherlands and are on display at the Royal Palace of

masks:
Van Hulle
Van Hulle
van Hulle
van Hull
van
Van Hulle


texts: Amsterdam. He was able to establish his international fame mainly thanks to the portraits that he made of the delegates to the peace negotiations for the Peace of Münster. Not only were many copies of the paintings made, but they were also widely distributed through engravings after these paintings. As court painter to the Prince of Orange, <mask> was able to obtain a printing privilege in March 1648. He had reproductions made from his sketches by the leading engravers in Antwerp, such as Paulus Pontius, Conrad Waumans, Cornelis Galle the Younger, Pieter de Jode II and Mattheus Borrekens.The engravings were made on copper plates with a size of approximately 30 x 20 cm (Folio format) and printed on large-format paper sheets of up to 41 x 32 cm. The prints show the bust of the delegate in an oval in which his motto is inscribed, above him the coat of arms of the entity that the delegate represents at the peace negotiations, below the coat of arms of the delegate's family and below this a cartouche with the delegate's titles. The architectural framework of each portrait is in the form of an epitaph which emphasises that the portrait was made for posterity. The delegates approved the final version of the motto, coats of arms and the titles of their portraits. Van Hulle received financial assistance from the city of Münster for his printing project. In 1648 a first edition of the prints was published in Antwerp by Daniel Middeler under the title Celeberrimi legati ad pacificandum Christiani nominis orbem, legati ad Monasterium et Osnabrugas ex omni pene gentium nationumque genera missi. Ad vivum Anselmi v. Hulle penicillo expressi eiusque cura et aere per ingeniores huius aevi sculptores caelo representati.This edition contained about 35 to 37 plates. The engravings were also sold individually, so that each diplomat could assemble a personal selection of portraits and have them bound with a specially printed title page. As


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 a result no two of these anthologies are the same in the selection and sequence of the sitters. In 1648 <mask>e had 39 engravings produced and in 1649 another 43. In later years <mask>e continued to make portraits of the participants in the negotiations on the implementation of the Peace of Münster in Nuremberg in 1649 and as an itinerant painter at various German princely courts, the Diet of Regensburg of 1653/1654 and the imperial election in Frankfurt in 1657/1658. Finally his collection of portrait paintings and engravings had grown to 132. Many pirated editions were made by Dutch publishers.The Strasbourg publisher Peter Aubry also made a series of 94 re-engravings, which appeared in 1650/51 and which are known from anthologies with 86 or 93 sheets. The collection saw three more editions after <mask>'s death between 1696 and 1717 but the sheets were never numbered. The edition of the prints dated 1696 appeared under the new title of Pacificatores orbis christiani and contained a total of 131 portraits. The 1717 edition had the title Les hommes illustres qui ont vécu dans le XVII. siecle: les principaux potentats, princes, ambassadeurs et plénipotentiaires qui ont assisté aux conferences de Munster et d'Osnabrug avec leurs armes et devises / dessinez et peints au naturel par le fameux Anselme <mask>, peintre de Frederic Henri de Nassau, Prince D'Orange, et gravez par les plus habiles maîtres ('Portraits of the famous men who lived in the 17th century: the principal potentates, princes, ambassadors and plenipotentiaries who participated in the conferences of Münster and Osnabrück with their coats of arms and mottos, drawn and painted from life by the famous <mask> <mask>, painter of Frederick Henry of Nassau, Prince of Orange and engraved by the most capable masters'). References

External links

Flemish Baroque painters
Flemish portrait painters
Court painters
Artists from Ghent
17th-century births
Year of death

masks:
van Hull
van Hull
van Hulle
van Hulle
Anselm
van Hulle


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<mask>l (29 August 1918 – 18 January 2011) was a British science historian and World War II codebreaker at Bletchley Park. As a codebreaker concerned with Cryptanalysis of the Enigma, Herivel is remembered chiefly for the discovery of what was soon dubbed the Herivel tip or Herivelismus. Herivelismus consisted of the idea, the Herivel tip and the method of establishing whether it applied using the Herivel square. It was based on Herivel's insight into the habits of German operators of the Enigma cipher machine that allowed Bletchley Park to easily deduce part of the daily key. For a brief but critical period after May 1940, the Herivel tip in conjunction with "cillies" (another class of operator error) was the main technique used to solve Enigma. After the war, Herivel became an academic, studying the history and philosophy of science at Queen's University Belfast, particularly Isaac Newton, Joseph Fourier, Christiaan Huygens. In retirement, he wrote an autobiographical account of his work at Bletchley Park entitled Herivelismus and the German Military Enigma.Recruitment to Bletchley Park
<mask> was born in Belfast, and attended Methodist College Belfast from 1924 to 1936. In 1937 he was awarded a Kitchener Scholarship to study mathematics at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, where his supervisor was Gordon Welchman. Welchman recruited <mask> to the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park. Welchman worked with Alan Turing in the newly formed Hut 6 section created to solve Army and Air Force Enigma. Herivel, then aged 21, arrived at Bletchley on 29 January 1940, and was briefed on Enigma by Alan Turing and Tony Kendrick.

masks:
John William Jamieson Herive
John Herivel
Herivel


texts:
 Enigma

At the time that Herivel started work at Bletchley Park, Hut 6 was having only limited success with Enigma-enciphered messages, mostly from the Luftwaffe Enigma network known as "Red". He was working alongside David Rees, another Cambridge mathematician recruited by Welchman, in nearby Elmers School, testing candidate solutions and working out plugboard settings.The process was slow, however, Herivel was determined to find a method to improve their attack, and he would spend his evenings trying to think up ways to do so. Intercepted Morse coded messages had been enciphered by the Germans' Enigma, an electro-mechanical rotor cipher machine that implemented a polyalphabetic cipher. The main model in use in 1940 had three rotors that set an electrical pathway from the keyboard to the lampboard. Pressing a key caused one lamp to light and the right-most rotor to advance by one letter position. This changed the electrical pathway so that pressing the same key again caused a different letter to light up. At one of the 26 positions, a notch on the right-most rotor engaged with the middle rotor so that the two rotors advanced together, and similarly the middle rotor would engage with the left-most rotor, giving a very long period before the sequence repeated (26 × 26 × 26 = 17,576). The ring on the rotor that contained the notch and so caused the next rotor to advance, could be set to any one of the 26 positions.The three rotors were selected from a set of five, giving 60 different ways of mounting rotors in the machine. However, because the Germans laid down the rule that no rotor should be in the same position on successive days, if the previous


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 days's rotors and their positions were known, this number was reduced to 32. The Enigma machine worked reciprocally so that an identical machine with identical settings would, if fed the enciphered letters, show the deciphered letters on the lampboard. Hut 6 had Enigma replica machines that were logically identical to the machines that the Germans were using. To decipher the intercepted messages required that the selection of rotors, the ring settings and the plugboard connections were known. At this time, the first three letters of the prelude to the message were used as an indicator to tell the receiving operator the letters that should appear in the windows for this particular message. Herivel tip

Herivel had an insight in February 1940 that some lazy German code clerks might give away the Enigma's ring settings (Ringstellung) in their first message of the day.If there were several lazy clerks, the first message Grundstellungs would not be random but would have a clustering around the Ringstellung. The insight became known as the Herivel tip. It was not needed at the time because the Luftwaffe was doubly-enciphering their message keys so techniques such as Zygalski sheets could be used. In May 1940, the Germans stopped the doubly-enciphered keys. Other methods becoming ineffective, Bletchley Park started using the Herivel tip to break Luftwaffe traffic. It continued to be the main method until the bombe was delivered in August 1940. Enigma enciphering procedure
The rotors and the positioning of the ring containing the notch were changed daily.The settings were defined in a codebook that was common to all operators on that network. At the start


texts: of each day, before any messages were sent or received, Enigma operators implemented the day's rotor selection and ring settings. Having selected the three rotors, they adjusted the ring settings. That could be done before the rotors were mounted on their axle or after they had been inserted into the machine. It was possible to adjust the ring settings of the loaded rotors by moving the spring-loaded retaining pin to the right and turning the rotor to display the specified letter. Herivel thought it likely that at least some of the operators would adjust the rings after they had mounted the rotors in the machine. Having set the alphabet rings and closed the lid, the operator should then have moved the rotors well away from the positions that displayed the three letters of the ring setting in the windows, but some operators did not.Herivel's great insight came to him one evening in February 1940 while he was relaxing in front of his landlady's fire. Stressed or lazy operators who had set the rings when the rotors were in the machine might then have left ring setting at or near the top and used those three letters for the first message of the day. For each transmitted message, the sending operator would follow a standard procedure. From September 1938, he would use an initial position to encrypt the indicator and send it in clear, followed by the message key that had been enciphered at that setting. If the ground setting () was GKX for example, he would then use Enigma with the rotors set to GKX to encrypt the message setting, which he might choose to be RTQ; which might encrypt to LLP. (Before May 1940, the encrypted message setting was repeated,


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 but that makes no difference to Herivel's insight.) The operator would then turn his rotors to RTQ and encrypt the actual message.Thus, the preamble to the message would be the unencrypted ground setting (GKX), followed by the encrypted message setting (LLP). A receiving Enigma operator could use the information to recover the message setting and then decrypt the message. The ground setting (GKX in the above example) should have been chosen at random, but Herivel reasoned that if operators were lazy, in a hurry or otherwise under pressure, they might simply use whatever rotor setting was currently showing on the machine. If that was the first message of the day and the operator had set the ring settings with the rotors already inside the machine, the rotor position currently showing on the machine could well be the ring setting itself or be very close to it. (If that situation occurred in the above example, GKX would be the ring setting or close to it). Polish cryptographers used the idea at PC Bruno during the Phoney War. Herivel square
The day after his insight, Herivel's colleagues agreed that his idea was a possible way into Enigma.Hut 6 began looking for the effect predicted by the Herivel tip and arranged to have the first messages of the day from each transmitting station to be sent to them early. They plotted the indicators in a grid termed a "Herivel square", an example of which is shown below. The rows and columns of the grid are labelled with the alphabet. The first indicator of the first message of the day received from each station on the network, was entered into the grid. It was done by finding the column corresponding to the first


texts:
 letter, the row corresponding to the second letter, and entering the third letter into the cell where the row and column intersected. For example, GKX would be recorded by entering a X in the cell in column G and row K.
   A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
----------------------------------------------------------
Z|                                                      |Z
Y| S                                                    |Y
X|                                                      |X
W|                                             L        |W
V|                                                      |V
U|                       E                              |U
T|                                                      |T
S|                                                      |S
R|                                                 K    |R
Q|     S                                                |Q
P|                                                      |P
O|                                                      |O
N|                               N                      |N
M|           X                                          |M
L|             W T                                      |L
K|             X Y                                      |K
J|           W X                                        |J
I|                                                      |I
H|                                         Q            |H
G|                                                      |G
F|                                                      |F
E|           A                                          |E
D|


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            |D
C|                     V                                |C
B|                                       J              |B
A|   P                                                  |A
----------------------------------------------------------
   A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
The Herivel tip suggested that there would be a cluster of entries close together, such as the cluster around GKX in the above example. That would narrow the options for the ring settings down from 17,576 to a small set of possibilities, perhaps 6 to 30, which could be tested individually.The effect predicted by Herivel did not immediately show up in the Enigma traffic, however, and Bletchley Park had to continue to rely on a different technique to get into Enigma: the method of "perforated sheets", which had been passed on by Polish cryptologists. The situation changed on 1 May 1940, when the Germans changed their indicating procedure, rendering the perforated sheet method obsolete. Hut 6 was suddenly unable to decrypt Enigma. Fortunately for the codebreakers, the pattern predicted by the Herivel tip began to manifest itself soon after on 10 May, when the Germans invaded the Netherlands and Belgium. David Rees spotted a cluster in the indicators, and on 22 May a Luftwaffe message sent on 20 May was decoded, the first since the change in procedure. Additional key components
Although the Herivel tip provided the Enigma's ring settings, it did not provide other parts of the Enigma key: the rotor order and the plugboard settings. A Luftwaffe key at the time chose from 5 rotors, so there were 60 possible rotor orders.In addition, there might be 8 to 10


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 plugboard connections, which means that all but 6 of the 26 letters are permuted by the plugboard. The codebreakers had to use other methods to find the remaining portions of the Enigma key. The Herivel tip was used in combination with another class of operator mistake, known as "cillies", to solve the settings and decipher the messages. The Herivel tip was used for several months until specialised codebreaking machines designed by Alan Turing, the so-called "bombes", were ready for use. Recognition
Gordon Welchman wrote that the Herivel tip was a vital part of breaking Enigma at Bletchley Park. Because of the importance of his contribution, Herivel was singled out and introduced to Winston Churchill during a visit to Bletchley Park. He also taught Enigma cryptanalysis to a party of Americans assigned to Hut 6 in an intensive two-week course.Herivel later worked in administration in the "Newmanry", the section responsible for solving German teleprinter ciphers by using machine methods such as the Colossus computers, as assistant to the head of the section, mathematician Max Newman. In 2005, researchers studying a set of Enigma-encrypted messages from World War II noted the occurrence of clustering, as predicted by the Herivel tip, in messages from August 1941. After World War II
After the end of the war, Herivel taught mathematics in a school for a year, but he found he could not handle the "rumbustious boys". He then joined Queen's University Belfast, where he became reader in the History and Philosophy of Science. One of the students that he supervised was the actor Simon Callow, who said of him:

He published books and articles on Isaac Newton,


texts:
 Joseph Fourier and Christiaan Huygens. His publications include:

  The research on which this paper is based was carried out in Paris in 1964 with the aid of a Bourse de Marque awarded by the French Government through their Embassy in London, and with a grant from the Research Committee of the Academic Council of the Queen's University, Belfast. In 1978 he retired to Oxford, where he became a Fellow of All Souls College.In his retirement he published:

He died in Oxford in 2011. He is survived by his daughter Josephine Herivel. Notes

References
  in
  This contains an account of the pre-war work on Enigma in Poland, written with the care of a professional historian. External links
 "Mind of a Codebreaker", companion web site to "Decoding Nazi Secrets", originally broadcast on 9 November 1999. Part one and part two. (Contains similar material on the Herivel Tip to Smith, 1998). 1918 births
2011 deaths
People educated at Methodist College Belfast
Alumni of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge
Bletchley Park people
Cryptographic attacks
Historians of science
British biographers
Academics of Queen's University Belfast
Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford
Historians from Northern Ireland
Newton scholars
Male non-fiction writers from Northern


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<mask> (born December 31, 1962) is a Grammy and Emmy nominated musician, restaurateur, and candidate for the Oklahoma Legislature as a Democrat and as a Republican before being elected to county office in 2016. Musical career
Hooten's first album, The Trumpet Shall Sound, was released in 1989  and featured a popular rendition of Amazing Grace of which tens of thousands of singles were sold. He has recorded a total of twenty solo albums, primarily featuring jazz, gospel, and classical selections. He's been a soloist with numerous orchestras, including the Kiev Symphony Orchestra, the Oklahoma City Philharmonic, and the Thailand National Symphony Orchestra. Hooten has performed at the White House for Presidents Reagan and George W<mask> as well at a private audience in the Vatican for John Paul II, and has been nominated for three Grammy awards and an Emmy. He founded and continues to serve as president of the Children's Music Education Foundation. Hooten wows Armstrong with his horn,
<mask>n, is recognized worldwide for his first hit single “Amazing Grace,” and last week, he brought his virtuoso abilities on the trumpet to Armstrong Auditorium to perform a Dixieland concert.He selected his favorite performer on each instrument for the band with <mask>'s bow flying over the fiddle. The audience devoured the music as if they were standing on Bourbon Street. Several people trailed the musicians as they marched through the aisles for “When The Saints Go Marching In.”
Other big successes with the crowd were “The St. Louie Blues,” “Basin Street Blues,” and “How Great Thou Art.”
Multi-Grammy and Emmy nominated, <mask> has released over 20 albums and has been the guest artist with symphony orchestras around the world. Business interests
Hooten appeared as a model in local advertising during his college years, but at the beginning of his musical career he created the record label DBH Productions. After the death of his father Hooten purchased his mother's restaurant, Mama Lucia's, which he operated for several years. He continues to produce and sell

masks:
David Benjimen Hooten
. Bush
David Hoote
Byron Berline
David


texts:
 Hooten's Jazz Kitchen meat sauce. Political activities
Hooten supported and wrote jingles for Oklahoma Republican candidates including Governor Frank Keating and Terry Neese before deciding to run for office himself.In January 2016 Hooten announced on social media that he endorsed Donald Trump for president. 2004 election
In 2004 Hooten filed as a Democrat to run for Oklahoma House of Representatives in District 87. His opponent, John Morgan, challenged his candidacy by claiming that Hooten was not properly registered. Hooten's attorney produced a voter registration card from August, 2002, but Hooten admitted under questioning that he could not recall when he last voted. State Election Board chairman Glo Henley stated that she believed Hooten's name was purged from the voter roll for failing to vote for at least two years. The board voted to remove his name from the ballot. 2014 election
Hooten ran for State Senate in District 40, this time as a Republican.His campaign was harmed when reports of his 2001 convictions for DUI and leaving the scene of an accident surfaced and in the primary he finished fourth out of six candidates with 11.3% of the vote. 2016 election
Hooten was one of four Republicans to run for Oklahoma County Clerk. He finished second to embattled incumbent Carolynn Caudill in the primary, forcing a runoff. Hooten won the GOP nomination with 65% of the vote and amassed 63.5% in the general election against Libertarian candidate Chris Powell. County Clerk
Within a month of taking office, Hooten terminated five employees who would go on to file wrongful termination claims, charging that they were fired because they had been volunteers for the campaign of the incumbent, Carolyn Caudill, whom Hooten defeated in a primary runoff for the GOP nomination. In November 2018 the County Commissioners voted to pay $175,000 to Leona Porter, a county employee since 1988 and the former wife of civil rights leader E. Melvin Porter to settle her claims of discrimination by Hooten. According to the lawsuit Hooten reduced Porter's work


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 responsibilities and pay, eventually requiring her to sit in a rocking chair at the entrance to the County Clerk's Office as a greeter before finally deciding to fire her.The settlement will be funded by an increase in property taxes. Within a month of taking office, Hooten terminated five employees who would go on to file wrongful termination claims, charging that they were fired because they had been volunteers for the campaign of the incumbent, Carolyn Caudill, whom Hooten defeated in a primary runoff for the GOP nomination. [16][17] In November 2018 the County Commissioners voted to pay $175,000 to Leona Porter, a county employee since 1988 and the former wife of civil rights leader E. Melvin Porter to settle her claims of discrimination by Hooten. According to the lawsuit Hooten reduced Porter's work responsibilities and pay, eventually requiring her to sit in a rocking chair at the entrance to the County Clerk's Office as a greeter before finally deciding to fire her. The settlement will be funded by an increase in property taxes. [18]

A federal jury has rejected claims that Oklahoma County Clerk <mask> fired employees for political reasons. U.S. District Judge Charles B. Goodwin threw out the claims of five of those former employees before trial.The jury rejected the claims of the remaining plaintiffs, Phillip Malone and Donella Epps. "While I've come to understand why more business leaders choose not to undertake public service, I'm glad I did run for office and remain grateful for the continued support of Oklahoma County voters," Hooten said after the verdict. Personal life
Born in Frascati, Italy, to Capt. Leon E<mask>, Jr.(USAF) and his wife Lucia (née <mask>), <mask> was the youngest of their seven children. He received his bachelor's degree from the University of North Texas and a master's degree from the University of Oklahoma. After his divorce from Kym Koch in 2000, <mask> married Whitney Elizabeth <mask> on May 26, 2002. They have three children.References

1962 births
Living people
University of North Texas alumni
University

masks:
David Hooten
. Hooten
Di Beniditto
David
David
Browne


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<mask> (May 30, 1861 – March 27, 1954) was an American politician, a Democrat, who served as the 17th Governor of Oregon and a member of the United States House of Representatives from . A native of Illinois, he served in the Oregon State Senate before the governorship, and again after leaving the U.S. House. <mask> is also famous for the United States Supreme Court case of <mask> v. Society of Sisters on compulsory public education. Early life
<mask> was born to Charles M. and Charlotte L. (née Clapp) <mask>, Jacksonian Democrat farmers in Morris, Illinois on May 30, 1861. At the age of 17, he began teaching school despite having only a secondary education. In 1883, motivated by both his recent diagnosis of tuberculosis and the idea of Manifest Destiny as propounded by Horace Greeley, <mask> moved west. After arriving in Portland, Oregon in June 1883, he was not able to find work.After a period during which he worked the wheat fields of Walla Walla, Washington, he earned enough money to settle in Milton, Oregon in Umatilla County. There he returned to a career in education and established a successful farm. As an educator, <mask> was drawn into local politics. He became well known for his pro-temperance views, and regularly spoke out against saloons selling alcohol to his students. In 1887, he married one of his students, Clara R. Rudio, who died during childbirth only three years later. The child was named after her mother. He married Clara's sister Laura in 1893.They had five children: Loyd, Lucile, Helen, Edith and Lorraine. Laura died of cancer in 1925. <mask>'s third wife was Cornelia <mask>, the Oregon State Librarian, whom he married in 1928. From 1886 until 1890, <mask> served as superintendent of Umatilla County public schools. From 1890 until 1894, he served as Umatilla county clerk, and earned enough money from land transactions to further his education. He then returned to Illinois with his family to attend

masks:
Walter Marcus Pierce
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 Northwestern University, earning his Bachelor of Laws degree in 1896. Early political career
After graduation, the <mask> family returned to Oregon, where <mask> set up a successful law firm in Pendleton.From 1896 to 1906, he managed a power company, speculated in land, and became one of the state's most renowned Hereford cattle breeders. He was again elected county clerk and served 1899 to 1903. <mask> won a seat in the Oregon State Senate in 1902. In his first term, he failed to win passage of prohibition legislation, while winning passage of a state subsidy of $6 per child for education. He was defeated at the polls for reelection, and retired from politics for a decade beginning in 1906. While out of politics, <mask> continued local and statewide activities. He was a founder of the Oregon Farmer's Union and the Public Power League, headed the State Taxpayers League, and took a seat on the board of Regents of Oregon Agricultural College from 1905 to 1927.He began advocating for using the Columbia River for hydroelectric power during this time. <mask> was also the promoter of the Hot Lake Sanatorium Company in Union County. He and fellow owner Parish L. Willis were accused of fraud by another investor, but cleared by the courts of any wrongdoing in 1918. The former sanatorium is now the Hot Lake Hotel and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. <mask> won the Democratic nomination for the United States Senate in 1912, but lost to Harry Lane in the general election. In 1916, he was reelected to the state senate. In 1918, <mask> ran, unsuccessfully, as a progressive Democrat against incumbent Governor James Withycombe.In the next election, in 1920, he lost his Senate seat by twenty-seven votes. Governorship
<mask> was a racist and a eugenics supporter who also supported birth control and prohibition. In 1922, <mask> ran a successful campaign for governor against incumbent Ben W. Olcott. At the time, the Ku

masks: Pierce Walter Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce


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 Klux Klan was growing in influence and power across the state and had drafted the overtly anti-Catholic and anti-semitic Compulsory School Act, a bill to require all school-age children to attend public schools. Governor Olcott defiantly refused to work with the Klan in any way. <mask> tacitly accepted the Klan's endorsement and lent his support to the school bill. As governor, <mask> was at odds with a Republican-dominated legislature.His administration was able to continue the road-building policies of the previous two administrations, but could not win passage of a state income tax or assessed value license fees for automobiles. He attempted to gain support from progressive Republicans on issues of prison reform, reforestation, and hydroelectric development, but he divided the state Democratic Party by endorsing Robert M. La Follette for President in 1924. The Ku Klux Klan, which had endorsed him only a few years earlier, began an unsuccessful recall effort. In the 1926 elections, Republican I. L. Patterson defeated <mask>. Upon leaving the Governor's office, <mask> returned to his ranch in La Grande, Oregon. The Compulsory Education Act was later struck down by the Supreme Court of the United States in its 1925 Pierce v. Society of Sisters decision, on the grounds that it violated the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
In 1928, <mask> ran unsuccessfully for the 2nd Congressional District seat.He declined to run for governor in 1930, but tried once more for Congress in 1932. He was elected amid excitement over the landslide presidential election victory of Franklin D. Roosevelt. <mask> would become a staunch supporter of Roosevelt's New Deal, serving in Congress until his defeat in 1942. One of the oldest politicians in Oregon history, <mask> retired from politics at age 81. He and his wife Cornelia retired to Eola, Oregon. <mask> and his wife both became

masks: Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce


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 involved in the anti-Japanese movement during World War II, in response to a concern on the part of local residents about the success of Japanese truckers in certain areas of Oregon. <mask> died on March 27, 1954, near Salem, Oregon, at the age of 92 and was interred at the Mount Crest Abbey Mausoleum in Salem.His third wife Cornelia died on February 12, 1957. Footnotes

Further reading

 Arthur H. Bone (ed. ), Oregon Cattleman/Governor, Congressman: Memoirs and Times of <mask><mask>. Portland, OR: Oregon Historical Society, 1981. M. Paul Holsinger, "The Oregon School Bill Controversy, 1922-1925," Pacific Historical Review, vol. 37, no. 3 (Aug. 1968), pp.327–341. In JSTOR
 Karl Klooster, Round the Roses II: More Portland Past Perspectives. Portland, OR: K.T. Klooste, 1992. Robert R<mask>, "The Paradox of Oregon's Progressive Politics: The Political Career of <mask> <mask>," Oregon Historical Quarterly, vol. 110, no. 3 (Fall 2009), pp.390–419. In JSTOR
 Robert Sobel and John Raimo (eds. ), "<mask><mask>," in Biographical Directory of the Governors of the United States 1789-1978. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1982; volume 3, pp. 1276–1277. External links

 Oregon State Archives: Pierce Administration-Photo and some public speeches of <mask><mask> as governor. Guide to the <mask> papers at the University of Oregon

1861 births
1954 deaths
Governors of Oregon
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Oregon
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law alumni
Educators from Oregon
Oregon state senators
People from Morris, Illinois
People from Polk County, Oregon
Oregon Democrats
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Democratic Party state governors of the United States
Burials at City View Cemetery
Educators from Illinois
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Oregon
American eugenicists
American white supremacists
Progressivism in the

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<mask> (born 21 April 1952 in Los Angeles) is an American soprano who has acquired an international reputation  for her interpretation of medieval, baroque and classical repertoires. Her highly expressive singing art combines great vocal agility with a profound dramatic sense of drama, in constant respect for the text. Training
Feldman obtained her musical diploma at the University of California at Santa Barbara. She perfected her skills with Lillian Loran in San Francisco and Nicole Fallien in Paris, and in 1980 received an "Alfred Hertz Scholarship" to perfect her interpretation of early music under the direction of  in Basel. Career
As soon as she finished her studies, <mask> took part successively in three prestigious productions: she appeared as La Musica in a production of Monteverdi's l'Orfeo, directed by Philip Brett at Berkeley in California, as Clerio in Cavalli's Erismena at Spoleto (Italy), and played a role in Ordo Virtutum by Hildegard von Bingen during a tour of the ensemble "Sequentia". In 1981, at the request of her countryman William Christie, she joined in Paris the baroque ensemble Les Arts Florissants which then was the spearhead of the "baroqueux" movement. With this famous ensemble, she played the title role of Charpentier's Médée.Its recording for the label Harmonia Mundi won the Gramophone Classical Music

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Jill Feldman
Jill Feldman


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 Awards in 1985, also the Prize of the Académie Charles Cros and the Grand Prix du Disque de Montreux. Afterwards, Feldman recorded two discs with the Philharmonia Baroque Orchestra under the direction of Nicholas McGegan in works by Handel,  the cantata Clori, Tirsi e Fileno, and the oratorio Susanna  (Harmonia Mundi USA). Later, she joined the Mala Punica medieval ensemble, with which she recorded five projects for Arcana and Erato. Feldman was then invited by several conductors of the baroque repertoire. She performed under the direction of Frans Brüggen (Haydn's Die Schöpfung), Andrew Parrott (Les Vêpres des Carmélites by Handel at EMI), Jordi Savall (Motets by Delalande), René Jacobs (Cesti's Orontea and Cavalli's Xerse at Harmonia Mundi). She played the role of Armida in Alessandro Stradella's Lo Schiavo Liberato at the Théâtre de Modène and the Festival of Liège, as well as the title role in La Vita Humana by Marazzoli at the Tramway of Glasgow. In the field of contemporary music, she performed at the Villa Medici in Rome, the Church of Santa Maria della Grazia in Milan, and the Ysbreker Festival in Amsterdam.Teaching
Feldman has been teaching at the Royal Conservatory of The Hague in the Netherlands, at the Music and Theatre College in Zurich, and at the Amici della Musica in Florence and the Accademia di musiga antiga of


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 Portugal. She gives master classes all over Europe, the United States, Japan and South Korea. Discography

With Les Arts Florissants
 1981
 H.483 by Marc-Antoine Charpentier
 Les surprises de l'Amour by Jean-Philippe Rameau
 1982
 (In Nativitatem D.N.J.C. L'art de la citation dans l'Italie des Visconti, 1380-1410, with Mala Punica
 1997: Missa cantilena, Contrafactures liturgiques en Italie, 1380-1410, with Mala Punica
 1999: Hélas Avril. Les chansons de Matteo da Perugia, with Mala Punica
 2001: Harmonia Sacra; Complete Organ Music by Purcell, with Davitt Moroney (organ)
 2002: Pianger Di Dolcezza, vocal works by Giulio Caccini and Sigismondo d'India, with Karl-Ernst Schröder (chitarrone) and Mara Galassi (harp)
 2003: Monografia, compositions by Kees Boeke 2003: Trecento, with Kees Boeke (flustes and vielle)
 2004: Musiche sacre e morali by Domenico Mazzocchi, with Orlanda Velez Isidro (soprano) and Kenneth Weiss (chromatic harpsichord and organ)
 2004: Ténèbres by Charpentier, François Couperin and Michel-Richard de Lalande, with Kenneth Weiss (harpsichord) and Rainer Zipperling (viol)
 2005: Consort Songs by William Byrd and His Contemporaries, with the ensemble Concerto delle Viole,
 2006: Guillaume Dufay, Chansons, with the Ensemble Tetraktys. 2007: Songs by Charles Ives, with Jeannette Koekkoek (piano)
 2008: Codex


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Natasha Khan (born 25 October 1979), known professionally as <mask> for Lashes, is a Pakistani British singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist. She has released five studio albums: Fur and Gold (2006), Two Suns (2009), The Haunted Man (2012), The Bride (2016), and Lost Girls (2019). She has received three Mercury Prize nominations. Khan is also the vocalist for Sexwitch, a collaboration with the rock band Toy and producer Dan Carey. Early life
Khan was born to an English mother and an immigrant Pakistani father, professional squash player Rehmat Khan. A member of the Khan family, she is the granddaughter of squash player Nasrullah Khan, the niece of squash players Jahangir Khan and Torsam Khan, the stepdaughter of singer and actress Salma Agha, and half-sister of actress Sasha Agha. The family moved to Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire, when she was five years old.She attended many of her father's and her uncle Jahangir's squash matches, which she felt inspired her creativity: "The roar of the crowd is intense; it is ceremonial, ritualistic, I feel like the banner got passed to me but I carried it on in a creative way. It is a similar thing, the need to thrive on heightened communal experience." After her father left the family when Khan was 11, she taught herself to play the piano, which became "a channel to express things, to get them out". Khan was subject to racial abuse during secondary school for being of Pakistani heritage, played truant, and was suspended after swearing and throwing a chair at a teacher. She told The Daily Telegraph: "I was an outsider at school. When I came back from being suspended they had told the small group of friends that I did have there that they weren't allowed to talk to me because I was a really bad influence. Then it got quite lonely."After completing her GCSEs and A-Levels, Khan took a job in a card-packing factory where she would work while listening to songs she had made. She said:


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 "My internal imaginary life was really fruitful at that time...All day long just listening and dreaming, while counting the cards to be packed." With money saved from the job, she embarked on a three-month road trip through the United States and Mexico. After returning to the UK, Khan settled in Brighton in 2000 to study music and visual arts at the University of Brighton, where she produced sound installations, animations, and performances influenced by artists including Steve Reich and Susan Hiller. After finishing her degree, Khan completed an NVQ in play work and childcare, and worked as a nursery school teacher, dedicating her spare time to developing songs, recording demos, and gigging in Brighton. She has said the name Bat for Lashes "doesn’t really mean anything [...] It conjured up Halloween-y images, and it sounded metal and feminine.”

Music career

2006–08: Fur and Gold

Khan's debut single, "The Wizard", was released digitally through Drowned in Sound records and on 7" vinyl through Khan's own imprint, She Bear Records. In 2006, she signed to Echo, a record label owned by independent publisher Chrysalis Music that acted as an incubator for artists before "upstreaming" them to major labels.Echo released her debut album, Fur and Gold, in September 2006. In 2007, Bat for Lashes and Echo signed an international licensing deal with Parlophone Records, which re-released Fur and Gold the same year. A limited vinyl version was released by Los Angeles indie label Manimal Vinyl in May 2007. Fur and Gold reached number forty-eight on the UK Albums Chart and has since been certified gold by the BPI for sales exceeding 100,000 copies. In 2007, Khan appeared at the Glastonbury Festival and toured the United States. Fur and Gold received critical acclaim, including a five-star review from The Guardian. It was shortlisted for the 2007 Mercury Prize, losing out to Klaxons' Myths of the Near Future, despite being a favourite of


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 British media to win the award.Also in 2007, the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) bestowed their Vanguard Award on her and chose her to perform at their "ASCAP Presents..." showcase at South by Southwest in Austin, Texas. In 2008, Khan was nominated for British Breakthrough Act and British Female Solo Artist at the Brit Awards. Radiohead's 2008 tour featured several shows with Bat for Lashes as their opening act. Her version of The Cure's "A Forest" appeared on a charity album called Perfect as Cats on Manimal Vinyl in late 2008. 2009–11: Two Suns
Khan's second album, Two Suns, was released in April 2009 and produced by Khan and David Kosten. In preparation for the album, Khan journeyed to Joshua Tree Desert in California to gain inspiration, before returning to New York and London to write and record the finished material for release. A concept album, Two Suns focuses on Khan's desert-born alter ego Pearl, whose personality she adopted while staying in New York to gain a better understanding of the character.She revealed to the BBC's Newsbeat, "I really just did it as an experiment of dressing up myself with quite garish extreme feminine make-up. I wanted to photograph myself in that situation and just see what it made me feel." Khan believed that living in Brooklyn when bands such as TV on the Radio, MGMT, and Gang Gang Dance were emerging on the music scene had an influence on the album's musical style. In an interview with MTV, she said, "I experienced that whole thing coming out, in terms of beats and like going out dancing and checking out all this new music, it was really inspiring." During the album's production, she also collaborated with Brooklyn band Yeasayer for the bass and beat programming. In June 2009, Bat for Lashes first appeared on the cover of The Fader, in its 60th issue. Two Suns debuted at number five on the UK Albums Chart, and has been certified gold by the BPI for sales


texts: of 100,000 copies.The first single from the album, "Daniel", became Khan's first hit, peaking at number thirty-six on the UK Singles Chart; it later won the Ivor Novello Award for Best Contemporary Song and was nominated for the MTV Video Music Award for Breakthrough Video of the Year. The following singles were "Pearl's Dream" and a double A-side of "Sleep Alone" and "Moon and Moon", the latter of which was featured in a high-profile advertising campaign for children's charity Barnardo's in late 2009. Critical response to the album was mostly favourable, generating a score of 77 on the review aggregator Metacritic. In their review for Two Suns, NME awarded it 8 out of 10, describing the album as "epic in scope and ambition and requires a similarly epic patience to unravel its charms." Rolling Stone also rated it favourably, stating "Khan proves she's a powerhouse under her billowy sleeves. She could be the next Kate Bush." However, some critics such as PopMatters found problems: reviewing the album, they wrote, "While the weaker songs are definitely not throwaways, they miss the mark in more than one way."Blender magazine also felt the album was average, awarding it 3 out 5 stars, saying, "The contrast between Pearl and Natasha isn't always crisply drawn". As with Fur and Gold, Khan was nominated for the Mercury Prize for Two Suns. In 2010, she won Best Alternative Act at the UK Asian Music Awards and received a second BRIT Award nomination for British Female Solo Artist. As part of the 2009 summer festival season, Khan played at Glastonbury, Somerset House, and the iTunes Festival. In September 2009, a special edition of Two Suns was released in the United Kingdom ahead of Khan's October tour. The special edition, which included a cover version of the Kings of Leon single "Use Somebody", was released simultaneously in the United States. Later in 2009, the cover artwork for Two Suns was nominated for Best Art Vinyl.In


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 early 2010, Khan toured South America supporting Coldplay after a gig at The De La Warr Pavilion, including playing covers of Radiohead's "All I Need" and The Cure's "Lullaby". In 2010, she collaborated with Beck on the track "Let's Get Lost" for the Twilight Saga: Eclipse soundtrack, and contributed the song "Sleep Alone" from Two Suns to the Enough Project and Downtown Records' Raise Hope for Congo compilation. Proceeds from the compilation funded efforts to make the protection and empowerment of Congo's women a priority, as well as to inspire individuals around the world to raise their voice for peace in Congo. For Record Store Day 2010, Bat for Lashes released an exclusive double A-side 7" single comprising a live performance of the "Trophy" single B-side "Howl", recorded at De La Warr Pavilion, and a cover of "Wild Is the Wind", originally written by Dimitri Tiomkin and Ned Washington. In 2011, Khan recorded a cover version of Depeche Mode's "Strangelove" for a Gucci advertising campaign. The song was released as a free download from Gucci's YouTube channel and various blogs. In June 2011, Khan performed two shows at the Sydney Opera House as part of the Vivid LIVE Arts Festival, her only performances of the year.2012–14: The Haunted Man
The third Bat for Lashes album, The Haunted Man, was released in October 2012 in the UK. The lead single, "Laura", was released in July; the second single, "All Your Gold", came out in September. The Haunted Man debuted at number six on the UK Albums Chart, Khan's second consecutive top-ten album, and has since been certified Silver by the BPI for selling 60,000 copies. Subsequent singles were "A Wall" and "Lilies". Khan attended the 2013 Brit Awards, having been nominated in the Best British Female category, and was also nominated at the Ivor Novello Awards in the category of Best Song Musically and Lyrically (for "Laura"). In 2013, Khan performed at the Coachella Valley Music and


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 Arts Festival, supported Blur at the Irish Museum of Modern Art in Dublin, Ireland, and opened for Depeche Mode on the first half of their North American tour. In June, she released a cover of "The Bride", a pre-revolution Iranian song, with the rock band Toy.On 2 September 2013, Khan premiered the track "Garden's Heart", a collaboration with Jon Hopkins for the soundtrack to the film How I Live Now. In 2014, Khan collaborated with Damon Albarn on a track for his 2014 solo album Everyday Robots, premiered "Skin Song" from Body of Songs—a compilation album featuring songs inspired by anatomy and medical science—and contributed a cover of "Plan the Escape" by Son Lux to the soundtrack album of the film The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1. 2015: Sexwitch
On 15 August 2015, Khan began previewing new music on her Twitter and Instagram pages via a game of Hangman. During a surprise Green Man Festival set in Wales on 22 August, she debuted a music project with producer Dan Carey and the band Toy, called Sexwitch. Two days later, it was announced that Sexwitch's eponymous debut album would be released on 25 September 2015 by Echo and BMG, consisting of six covers of 1970s psychedelic and folk songs from different parts of the world. 2016: The Bride
On 19 February 2016, a new song, "I Do", was released on YouTube with a picture of a wedding invitation reading "Save The Date 1st July 2016". The track was made available for purchase the same day.On 11 March, Khan released "In God's House", the lead single from her fourth studio album, The Bride, which was released on 1 July and later nominated for the 2016 Mercury Music Prize. 2019: Lost Girls
On 10 June 2019, the album Lost Girls was announced and the song "Kids in the Dark" was released on YouTube. Lost Girls was released on 6 September 2019. Artistry

Khan is a contralto with an expansive range. Critics have likened her music to the work of Joni Mitchell, Nico, Siouxsie Sioux,


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 Björk, Kate Bush, Cat Power, PJ Harvey, Annie Lennox, Tori Amos, and Fiona Apple. Her music has been described by MTV Iggy as "at once haunting and way danceable". Other projects
Khan and fashion house YMC designed a limited edition capsule collection of sportswear and accessories for the spring/summer 2014 season.The release of the collection was accompanied by a fashion film, Under the Indigo Moon, directed by and starring Khan, with a soundtrack she composed with Beck. In 2014, Film4 commissioned Cowboy Films to produce the short film Gotcha, with Khan as writer and director. She said she intended to develop the project into a feature-length film. Khan has written feature-length film scripts for both The Bride (2016) and Lost Girls (2019). Personal life
Khan moved from London to Los Angeles in 2017. She and her partner, Australian actor and model Samuel Watkins, live in Highland Park. Khan gave birth to their first child, a daughter, in July 2020.Discography

 Fur and Gold (2006)
 Two Suns (2009)
 The Haunted Man (2012)
 The Bride (2016)
 Lost Girls (2019)

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1979 births
Living people
21st-century English women singers
21st-century English singers
21st-century British guitarists
Alumni of the University of Brighton
Art pop musicians
Astralwerks artists
Autoharp players
British indie pop musicians
British musicians of Pakistani descent
Caroline Records artists
Capitol Records artists
Echo Records artists
English women guitarists
English guitarists
English women pop singers
English people of Pashtun descent
English pop pianists
English women singer-songwriters
English sopranos
Ivor Novello Award winners
Parlophone artists
People educated at St. Clement Danes School
Musicians from Wembley
Singers from London
Synth-pop singers
English women in electronic music
English people of Pakistani descent
Warner Records artists
Khan family (squash)
21st-century


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<mask>, also known as El Chuta, is a Mexican suspected drug lord and high-ranking member of Los Zetas, a criminal group based in Tamaulipas, Mexico. <mask> joined the Mexican Army in 1979. He specialized in martial arts, parachuting, explosives and guerrilla warfare tactics. In 1981, he deserted from the military and joined a cell of the Juárez Cartel, where he coordinated drug trafficking operations in Cancún. In the early 2000s, <mask> left and worked as an independent trafficker before joining the Gulf Cartel. He became one of the first members of the cartel's newly formed paramilitary wing, Los Zetas. Like <mask>, most of the first members of Los Zetas were ex-military.Wanted on drug trafficking charges, he is one of the last remaining fugitives from the early Zetas generation. Early life and career
<mask> joined the Mexican Army on 1 October 1979. He was enrolled as a paratrooper in the Parachute Rifle Brigade (Spanish: Brigada de Fusileros Paracaidistas) and was stationed at the Santa Lucía military base in the State of Mexico. During his tenure in the military, he became a specialist in martial arts, parachuting, explosives and guerrilla warfare tactics. He deserted from the military on 17 September 1981. <mask> then joined the Juárez Cartel and was assigned to head drug trafficking operations in Cancún. He was part of a Quintana Roo-based cell headed by kingpin Alcides Ramón Magaña ("El Metro").The local gang was known as the Cancún Cartel and/or the Southeast Cartel. When Ramón Magaña was arrested in June 2001, his colleague Jesús Albino Quintero Meraz ("El Beto") contacted <mask> with a new job offer.

masks:
Jorge López Pérez
López Pérez
López Pérez
López Pérez
López Pérez
López Pérez
López Pérez


texts: Quintero Meraz suggested that he join the Gulf Cartel under kingpin Osiel Cárdenas Guillén. However, <mask> moved to Veracruz and became successful as an independent drug trafficker instead. After Quintero Meraz was arrested in 2002, <mask> moved to Yucatán to manage Colombian narcotics with several local smugglers. He fled to Tamaulipas in 2003 after the Mexican Army's efforts to apprehend him intensified. Once in Tamaulipas, he was hired by Rogelio González Pizaña ("Z-2") and formally joined Los Zetas, the Gulf Cartel's newly formed paramilitary group that was originally composed of ex-commandos.<mask> knew a number of members of Los Zetas from his days in the military. His alias "El Chuta" derived from the word "parachuting". <mask> is often cited as one of the founding members of Los Zetas. When the group was formed in the late 1990s, it was originally responsible for proving security services to Cárdenas Guillén and carrying out executions on the cartel's behalf. However, it underwent organizational changes over the years and began to involve itself in other criminal activities, like drug trafficking alongside the Gulf Cartel. Due to his previous experience in the Juárez Cartel and his knowledge of drug operations in the area, <mask> was assigned to coordinate drug trafficking activities for Los Zetas in Cancún. He was responsible for coordinating smuggling activities at the Cancún International Airport.According to security forces, <mask> and other members of Los Zetas based in the Mexican states of Quintana Roo, Yucatán, Chiapas and Campeche receive protection from corrupt municipal authorities and former

masks:
López Pérez
López Pérez
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texts: members of the Juárez Cartel. In Los Zetas, he reported directly to Heriberto Lazcano Lazcano ("Z-3"), who co-headed the criminal group with Miguel Treviño Morales ("Z-40"). In 2002, <mask> and his colleague Jesús Enrique Rejón Aguilar ("El Mamito") were responsible for training new Zetas' hires. In 2004, he was responsible for coordinating international drug trafficking shipments in the Riviera Maya, an area that extended from Cancún to Tulum. This region was a strategic reception area for Los Zetas because it allowed them to receive South American narcotics arriving by boat. The drugs were stored in Playa del Carmen and Cancún for further distribution. In 2009, he was cited as a regional leader of Los Zetas in the state of Coahuila, a region he reportedly shared with Galindo Mellado Cruz ("Z-9").That year Mexican federal authorities listed him, along with Lazcano, Rejón Aguilar, Gustavo González Castro ("El Erótico") and Flavio Méndez Santiago, as one of the leading fugitives in Los Zetas. In early 2012, <mask> headed operations for Los Zetas in northeastern Mexico and was paid directly by Lazcano. Among his colleagues in this region were González Castro, José Alberto González Xalate ("El Paisa") and Salvador Alfonso Martínez Escobedo ("La Ardilla"). Intelligence reports state that <mask> was especially loyal to Lazcano, just like Zetas lieutenants González Castro, González Xalate, Juan Carlos Morales González ("El Peluchin"), Iván Velázquez Caballero ("El Talibán"), Prisciliano Ibarra Yepis and Raúl Lucio Hernández Lechuga ("El Lucky"). Several of them were once part of the Grupo Aeromóvil de Fuerzas

masks:
López Pérez
López Pérez
López Pérez


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 Especiales (GAFE), the army's special forces. Charges and status
On 18 June 2003, Mexico's Attorney General's Office (PGR) placed an unspecified bounty on 31 members of Los Zetas, including <mask>. Authorities stated that <mask> was "highly dangerous", given his military background and his suspected role in homicides, drug trafficking, kidnappings, and carjackings.This announcement was made after the Specialized Unit Against Organized Crime (UEDO) identified him as a high-ranking member of Los Zetas following the 14 March arrest of Cárdenas Guillén. Unlike other Zetas members who voluntarily requested their release from the military, <mask> had deserted and joined organized crime, which is considered high treason in a military court; <mask> was wanted by the PGR, the Secretariat of National Defense (SEDENA) and the Secretariat of Public Security (SSP) for his outstanding charges. Few details of his criminal activities are known; unlike the rest of the early members of Los Zetas, who were arrested and/or killed over the years, <mask> reportedly disappeared from public view. Mexican authorities believe that he is trying to live a low-profile existence to avoid detection since there is an outstanding arrest warrant for him. He is one of the last remaining fugitives from the early Zetas generation. See also
List of fugitives from justice who disappeared
Mexican Drug War

Footnotes

References

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

Founding members of Los Zetas
Fugitives wanted by Mexico
Fugitives wanted on drug trafficking charges
Living people
Los Zetas
Mexican soldiers
Paratroopers
Year of birth missing

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López Pérez


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Field Marshal <mask>, 1st <mask> of Petherton,  (10 February 1896 – 20 January 1989), known as <mask>, was a senior British Army officer who fought in both the First World War and the Second World War, served in the Malayan Emergency, and later advised the British government on the response to the Mau Mau Uprising. He also served as Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS), the professional head of the British Army, and was Governor of Cyprus from 1955 to 1957 during the Cyprus Emergency. Early life and First World War
Born the son of <mask> and <mask> (née Anstice) and educated at Ilminster Grammar School and King's College London, <mask> started as a boy clerk in December 1911, earning promotion to assistant clerk in the Post Office in July 1913 and then to full clerk in the Second Division of the Civil Service in April 1914. <mask> became a part-time soldier, joining the 11th (County of London) Battalion (Finsbury Rifles) of the London Regiment, a unit of the British Army's Territorial Force, being commissioned as a second lieutenant on 15 May 1914. During the First World War (1914–1918) he was attached to the Machine Gun Corps and fought in the Gallipoli campaign in August 1915. He transferred to the regular armed forces as a lieutenant in the Somerset Light Infantry on 22 March 1917 and was assigned to the Middle Eastern theatre of operations. He took part in the Third Battle of Gaza in November 1917 and was subsequently awarded the Military Cross.During the interwar period <mask> adopted the name "<mask>", which his Regular Army comrades preferred, and in 1921 was posted to India. He was promoted to captain on 11 October 1923 and later attended the Staff College, Camberley from 1928 to 1929. He joined the general staff at headquarters Southern Command in 1930 before becoming brigade major of the 13th Infantry Brigade in 1933. He became a company commander with the 2nd Battalion of the

masks:
Allan Francis Harding
Baron Harding
John Harding
Francis Ebenezer Harding
Elizabeth Ellen Harding
Harding
Harding
Harding
John


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 Somerset Light Infantry, with promotion to major on 1 July 1935. After a tour as a staff officer in the Directorate of Operations at the War Office, he was further promoted to lieutenant colonel on 1 January 1938. Second World War
<mask> served in the Second World War, initially as Commanding Officer (CO) of the 1st Battalion, Somerset Light Infantry, in which capacity he served in Waziristan and was mentioned in despatches, before joining the staff of Middle East Command in October 1940 and then becoming a brigadier General Staff (BGS) of the Western Desert Force (WDF) in December. He was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire for services in that role.When Generals Richard O'Connor and Philip Neame were captured in April 1941, <mask> took temporary command of the WDF, in which capacity he took the decision to hold Tobruk. He was promoted to the substantive rank of colonel on 9 August 1941 (with seniority backdated to 1 January 1941) and was later awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO). <mask> went on to be BGS of XIII Corps (the new name adopted by the former WDF) in August 1941 and was mentioned in dispatches in early 1942 and awarded a Bar to his DSO in February 1942. He was promoted to acting major-general on 26 January 1942 and became Deputy Director of Military Training Middle East Command, in which capacity he was again mentioned in despatches in the summer of 1942. He was appointed General Officer Commanding (GOC) of the 7th Armoured Division in September 1942. He led the division in the Second Battle of El Alamein in October–November. He led his forward headquarters from a tank and then a jeep and, during the pursuit of the Axis forces to Tripoli, was subsequently wounded by shell splinters in January 1943.He was awarded a second Bar to his DSO for his conduct in late January 1943. At the same time his rank of major-general was made temporary. He returned to

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 the United Kingdom and, despite having lost three fingers from his left hand, recovered relatively quickly. On 10 November 1943 he was promoted to acting lieutenant general and assumed command of VIII Corps, which was to take part in the invasion of Normandy. Soon afterwards, however, he was posted to the Italian Front in January 1944 to become Chief of Staff to General Sir Harold Alexander, then commanding the 15th Army Group (later designated the Allied Armies in Italy (AAI) before reverting to 15th Army Group in December 1944). He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath on 16 June 1944 for his service in Italy, and promoted to the substantive rank of major general on 13 July 1944. He played a large part in the planning for Operation Diadem, the Fourth and final Battle of Monte Cassino that led to the capture of Rome and the destruction of a large portion of the enemy's forces and the subsequent fighting on the Gothic Line.He went on to take command of XIII Corps in Italy in March 1945, leading it through the Spring 1945 offensive in Italy, arriving in Trieste just after the German surrender in May and the end of World War II in Europe. He was also awarded the Legion of Merit in the Degree of Commander by U.S. President Harry S. Truman for his conduct during the war on 14 May 1948. Postwar
Promoted after the war to lieutenant general on 19 August 1946, <mask> succeeded Alexander as commander of British forces in the Mediterranean in November 1946. He became General Officer Commanding-in-Chief (GOC-in-C) Southern Command in July 1947 and went on to be Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C), Far East Land Forces on 28 July 1949 at the early stages of the Malayan Emergency. Having been promoted to full general on 9 December 1949, made Aide-de-Camp General to H.M. The King on 21 October 1950 and advanced to a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in the King's Birthday Honours 1951,


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 <mask> became Commander-in-Chief of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) on 30 August 1951. <mask> was appointed Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS) on 1 November 1952: in this capacity he advised the British government on the response to the Mau Mau Uprising.He was promoted to field marshal on 21 July 1953, and retired from the army on 29 September 1955. <mask> was also Colonel of the North Somerset Yeomanry from 2 February 1949, Colonel of the 6th Queen Elizabeth's Own Gurkha Rifles from 18 May 1951 (to 1961), Colonel of the Somerset Light Infantry from 13 April 1953, Colonel of the Life Guards from 26 April 1957 and Colonel of the Somerset and Cornwall Light Infantry from 6 October 1959. Cyprus and later career

On 3 October 1955, <mask> was assigned the post of Governor of the British colony of Cyprus. As Governor of Cyprus, <mask> sought to restore the relations with the United Kingdom, by negotiating with both the Greek-Cypriot and the Turkish-Cypriot communities on the island, while the British Government was negotiating with the Greek and Turkish governments. <mask> took strict measures to improve the security situation in Cyprus, EOKA having declared an armed struggle against the British on 1 April 1955. To this end, <mask> instituted a number of unprecedented measures including curfews, closures of schools, the opening of concentration camps, the indefinite detention of suspects without trial and the imposition of the death penalty for offences such as carrying weapons, incendiary devices or any material that could be used in a bomb. A number of such executions took place often in controversial circumstances (e.g.Michalis Karaolis) leading to resentment, in Cyprus, the United Kingdom and in other countries. Implementing the policy of the British Government, <mask> also attempted to use negotiations to end the Cyprus crisis. However, negotiations with Archbishop Makarios III were

masks: Harding Harding Harding Harding Harding Harding Harding Harding


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 unsuccessful and, eventually, <mask> exiled Makarios to the British colony of Seychelles. On 21 March 1956 EOKA made an assassination attempt on <mask>'s life which failed as the time bomb under his bed failed to go off. It was not long after this that <mask> offered a reward of £10,000 for General George Grivas, the leader of EOKA. Facing growing criticism in the United Kingdom about the methods he used and their lack of effectiveness, Sir <mask> resigned as Governor of Cyprus on 22 October 1957 and was replaced by Sir Hugh Foot. In January 1958, <mask> was created <mask> of Petherton.In retirement he became Non-Executive Chairman of Plessey as well being the first Chairman of the Horse Race Betting Levy Board. His interests included his membership of the Finsbury Rifles Old Comrades Association in which he participated until late in his life. He died at his home in Nether Compton in Dorset on 20 January 1989, just weeks away from his 93rd birthday. Family
In 1927 he married Mary Rooke; they had one son: <mask>, 2nd Baron <mask> of Petherton. Arms

References

Bibliography

External links

Generals of World War II
Imperial War Museum Interview from 1984
Imperial War Museum Interview from 1986

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1896 births
1989 deaths
Alumni of King's College London
People from South Somerset (district)
London Regiment officers
Somerset Light Infantry officers
Machine Gun Corps officers
British Army personnel of World War I
British Army generals of World War II
British field marshals
Governors of British Cyprus
Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Chiefs of the Imperial General Staff
Commanders of the Legion of Merit
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley
Peers created by Elizabeth II
<mask> family
British Army personnel of the Malayan Emergency
British military personnel of the Cyprus Emergency
Military personnel from

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Harding
Harding
Harding
John Harding
Harding
Baron Harding
John Harding
Harding
John Harding


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<mask> (; 19 June 1922 – 8 September 2009) was a Danish nuclear physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1975 with Ben Mottelson and James Rainwater "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection". Starting from Rainwater's concept of an irregular-shaped liquid drop model of the nucleus, <mask> and Mottelson developed a detailed theory that was in close agreement with experiments. Since his father, <mask>, had won the prize in 1922, he and his father are one of the six pairs of fathers and sons who have both won the Nobel Prize and one of the four pairs who have both won the Nobel Prize in Physics. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Copenhagen on 19 June 1922, the fourth of six sons of the physicist <mask> and his wife <mask>). His oldest brother, Christian, died in a boating accident in 1934, and his youngest, Harald, from childhood meningitis. Of the others, Hans became a physician; Erik, a chemical engineer; and Ernest, a lawyer and  Olympic athlete who played field hockey for Denmark at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London. The family lived at the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University of Copenhagen, now known as the Niels Bohr Institute, where he grew up surrounded by physicists who were working with his father, such as Hans Kramers, Oskar Klein, Yoshio Nishina, Wolfgang Pauli and Werner Heisenberg.In 1932, the family moved to the Carlsberg Æresbolig, a mansion donated by Carl Jacobsen, the heir to Carlsberg breweries, to be used as an honorary residence by the Dane who had made the most prominent contribution to science, literature, or the arts. <mask> went to high school at Sortedam Gymnasium in Copenhagen. In 1940, shortly after the German occupation of Denmark in April, he entered the

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Aage Niels Bohr
Bohr
Niels Bohr
Aage Niels Bohr
Niels Bohr
Margrethe Bohrund
Bohr


texts: University of Copenhagen, where he studied physics. He assisted his father, helping draft correspondence and articles related to epistemology and physics. In September 1943, word reached his family that the Nazis considered them to be Jewish, because <mask>'s grandmother, Ellen Adler <mask>, had been Jewish, and that they therefore were in danger of being arrested. The Danish resistance helped the family escape by sea to Sweden. <mask> arrived there in October 1943, and then flew to Britain on a de Havilland Mosquito operated by British Overseas Airways Corporation.The Mosquitoes were unarmed high-speed bomber aircraft that had been converted to carry small, valuable cargoes or important passengers. By flying at high speed and high altitude, they could cross German-occupied Norway, and yet avoid German fighters. <mask>, equipped with parachute, flying suit and oxygen mask, spent the three-hour flight lying on a mattress in the aircraft's bomb bay. On arrival in London, <mask> rejoined his father, who had flown to Britain the week before. He officially became a junior researcher at the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research,  but actually served as personal assistant and secretary to his father. The two worked on Tube Alloys, the British atomic bomb project. On 30 December 1943, they made the first of a number of visits to the United States, where his father was a consultant to the Manhattan Project.Due to his father's fame, they were given false names; <mask> became James Baker, and his father, Nicholas Baker. In 1945, the director of the Los Alamos Laboratory, Robert Oppenheimer, asked them to review the design of the modulated neutron initiator. They reported that it would work. That they had reached this conclusion put Enrico Fermi's concerns about the viability of the design to rest. The initiators performed flawlessly in the bombs used in the atomic

masks: Aage Bohr Bohr Bohr Bohr Bohr


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 bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. Career
In August 1945, with the war ended, <mask> returned to Denmark, where he resumed his university education, graduating with a master's degree in 1946, with a thesis concerned with some aspects of atomic stopping power problems. In early 1948, <mask> became a member of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey.While paying a visit to Columbia University, he met Isidor Isaac Rabi, who sparked in him an interest in recent discoveries related to the hyperfine structure of deuterium. This led to <mask> becoming a visiting fellow at Columbia from January 1949 to August 1950. While in the United States, <mask> married Marietta Soffer on 11 March 1950. They had three children: Vilhelm, Tomas and Margrethe. By the late 1940s it was known that the properties of atomic nuclei could not be explained by then-current models such as the liquid drop model developed by Niels <mask> amongst others. The shell model, developed in 1949 by Maria Goeppert-Mayer and others, allowed some additional features to be explained, in particular the so-called magic numbers. However, there were also properties that could not be explained, including the non-spherical distribution of charge in certain nuclei.In a 1950 paper, James Rainwater of Columbia University suggested a variant of the drop model of the nucleus that could explain a non-spherical charge distribution. Rainwater's model postulated a nucleus like a balloon with balls inside that distort the surface as they move about. He discussed the idea with <mask>, who was visiting Columbia at the time, and had independently conceived the same idea, and had, about a month after Rainwater's submission, submitted for publication a paper that discussed the same problem, but along more general lines. <mask> imagined a rotating, irregular-shaped nucleus with a form of surface tension.

masks: Bohr Bohr Bohr Bohr Bohr Bohr Bohr


texts: <mask> developed the idea further, in 1951 publishing a paper that comprehensively treated the relationship between oscillations of the surface of the nucleus and the movement of the individual nucleons. Upon his return to Copenhagen in 1950, <mask> began working with Ben Mottelson to compare the theoretical work with experimental data. In three papers, that were published in 1952 and 1953, <mask> and Mottelson demonstrated close agreement between theory and experiment; for example, showing that the energy levels of certain nuclei could be described by a rotation spectrum.They were thereby able to reconcile the shell model with Rainwater's concept. This work stimulated many new theoretical and experimental studies. <mask>, Mottelson and Rainwater were jointly awarded the 1975 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection". Because his father had been awarded the prize in 1922, <mask> became one of only four pairs of fathers and sons to win the Nobel Prize in Physics. Only after doing his Nobel Prize-winning research did <mask> receive his doctorate from the University of Copenhagen, in 1954, writing his thesis on "Rotational States of Atomic Nuclei". <mask> became a professor at the University of Copenhagen in 1956, and, following his father's death in 1962, succeeded him as director of the Niels Bohr Institute, a position he held until 1970. He remained active there until he retired in 1992.He was also a member of the board of the Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics (Nordita) from its inception in 1957, and was its director from 1975 to 1981. In addition to the Nobel Prize, he won the Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics in 1960, the Atoms for Peace Award in 1969, H.C. Ørsted Medal


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 in 1970, Rutherford Medal and Prize in 1972, John Price Wetherill Medal in 1974, and the Ole Rømer medal in 1976. <mask> and Mottelson continued to work together, publishing a two-volume monograph, Nuclear Structure. The first volume, Single-Particle Motion, appeared in 1969; the second, Nuclear Deformations, in 1975. In 1972 he was awarded an honorary degree, doctor philos. honoris causa, at the Norwegian Institute of Technology, later part of Norwegian University of Science and Technology. He was also a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters from 1980.In 1981, <mask> became a founding member of the World Cultural Council. His wife Marietta died on 2 October 1978. In 1981, he married Bente Scharff Meyer (1926–2011). His son, <mask>, is a Professor of Physics at the Technical University of Denmark, working in the area of fluid dynamics. <mask> <mask> died in Copenhagen on 9 September 2009. He was outlived by his second wife and children. Notes

References

External links

  including the Nobel Lecture, 11 December 1975 Rotational Motion in Nuclei
 Oral History interview transcript with <mask> <mask> 23 & 30 January 1963, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives

1922 births
2009 deaths
Atoms for Peace Award recipients
Danish Nobel laureates
Danish nuclear physicists
Danish people of Jewish descent
20th-century Danish physicists
Founding members of the World Cultural Council
Members of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars
Columbia University faculty
<mask>
Nobel laureates in Physics
Scientists from Copenhagen
University of Copenhagen alumni
Manhattan Project people
Aage
Danish expatriates in the United States
Burials at Mariebjerg

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Bohr
Bohr
Tomas Bohr
Aage
Bohr
Aage
Bohr
Aage


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<mask> (October 10, 1888 – August 20, 1981) was an Argentine politician, affiliated with the Socialist Party, who served as Mayor of Mar del Plata for four periods, from the 1920s to the 1960s. He developed a public and private career for more than 60 years. Bronzini is unanimously recognized for his honest and efficient administration of the public finance. Early life and career
He was born on October 10, 1888, in the neighborhood of La Boca, Buenos Aires. His parents were Italian immigrants from the town of Porto Recanati (at that time hamlet of Recanati), in the Italian region of Marche, on the Adriatic Sea coast. His father was <mask>, a boat skipper in Italy, and in Argentina worked in the fishing industry, first in the Rio de la Plata and soon in the city of Mar del Plata, where he and his family settled  in 1892. Her mother was Luisa Giorgetti.At the age of eight he worked in one of the old resorts on Bristol beach. Soon after, he became the newsboy at Bristol Hotel. Once he completed his basic instruction, he graduated as bookkeeper, which prepared him to work for retailers, and to teach accountancy and mathematics at a later period of his life. From 1937 he became involved in insurance business, which would be his main private activity for the rest of his life along with press activities. Affiliation to the Socialist Party

Bronzini joined the Socialist Party in April 1915 and on December 7 he founded the weekly magazine El Trabajo ("The Work"), becoming its first director. From 1920  until its demise in 1974, this was the main Socialist newspaper in Buenos Aires Province. Bronzini and other columnists developed a permanent struggle for the Socialist principles of social justice and democracy, with a big

masks:
Teodoro Bronzini
Juan Bronzini


texts: compromise towards the public liberties, favouring a suitable and honest handling of the public interests under the scope of the State, and fighting without concessions the advances of the central governments over the municipal autonomy.In 1917 he acceded for the first time to the Deliberative Council in representation of the Socialist Party, being reelected for 1918/19. The electoral success of November 1919 allowed the revolutionary fact of consecrate Bronzini as Socialist Mayor in a city like Mar del Plata, a safe haven to the summer-visiting Argentine upper class and its local sympathizers. He is considered thus one of the first socialist Mayors of the Americas. That first period (1920–21) was briefly interrupted by an arbitrary intervention of the provincial government, who had to restore him in office by judicial ruling. For the  period 1922–23, Socialist councilman Rufino Inda was elected Mayor. Bronzini returned to office for the period 1924–25, as councilman in 1926–27, and again as Mayor for 1928–29. This period was also interrupted by another illegal intervention in September 1929, just 60 days after his electoral success, in order to prevent a new socialist mandate.A strong evidence of the effective task made by the Socialist administrations during the 20s are the successive electoral victories the party won with a percentage surpassing the 50%, all that in coexistence with politically adverse provincial and national governments. Bronzini was also nominated provincial commissioner for the period 1921-22, 1925–28 and 1930 until the military coup of 6 September 1930. It is possible to argue that the double provincial and local charges intended to offer legislative immunity as a protection to the


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 municipal autonomy. Masonry membership
By the same time, he was president of the masonic lodge Liga Masónica 9 de Julio de 1891, which still exists in Mar del Plata. Since 1939 he strongly vowed for secularism in the society, in accordance with "the liberal traditions of Argentina". The lodge published a tribute to Bronzini shortly after his death. The 'patriotic fraud' period

While the military government of  General José Félix Uriburu pretended to restore democracy by calling elections in 1931, the popular vote was actually outmaneuvered in several provinces by electoral fraud, specially in Buenos Aires, where the fraud reached scandalous levels.In Mar del Plata, during the first municipal election of the 1930s, and despite the blatant fraud, there was socialist representation in the Deliberative Council, integrated among others by Bronzini, who was characterized by a spirited defense of the popular interests. His support to the Cooperative of Electricity and the denounce of the scandalous contract with the Compania Argentina de Electricidad (CADE) made headlines on those years, at the same time that in Buenos Aires took place the famous issue of the CHADE. During that time, known in Argentina as the década infame, electoral fraud and gerrymandering prevented Socialism to gain seats in the local Council and elsewhere. Bronzini eventually won a seat in the provincial house of representatives for the period 1933–36, where he specially wows, through the budgetary debates, for a rigorous accountability of the public funds and denounced in detail the conservative government vices and abuses, prompting a severe control of the public deficit. In 1934 he was a member of the convention for the reform of the provincial


texts:
 Constitution. Peronism and beyond

The conservative regime fell as a consequence of the so-called June 4th Revolution of 1943, followed by a military government and then by Perón presidency. Bronzini returned to the Legislature for the periods 1948–51 and 1952–55 until the military coup of September 16, 1955.This legislative period saw him as a strong upholder of the freedom of speech and the financial accountability of the public spending. In 1957 he was elected representative for the convention of Santa Fe who reformed the National Constitution, which prevailed until the 1994 reform. In 1958 there were new elections for Mayor, this time for a four-year period. In 1962, when president Arturo Frondizi nullified the elections of March that year, the resulting provincial government extended the mandates of a number of council Governments, among them Mar del Plata district; as result, Bronzini continued to be Mayor until April 1963. After the renewal of the constitutional authorities in October 1963, Bronzini was elected Provincial Senator, remaining in office until the military coup of 28 July 1966. During this mandate, which was the last public position exerted by Bronzini, he played a key role in the amendment of the Statutory law  of the Bank of the Province. To his proposal, the bank had to grant loans to the townships proportionally to the taxes that those had to pay to the Province.He died on 20 August 1981, in Mar del Plata. Notes

References

Lombardo, Jorge Raúl (2006) El espacio de Bronzini; una aproximación a sus ideas y sus obras. Suárez Ed. Mar del Plata

1888 births
1981 deaths
Mayors of General Pueyrredón
People from Mar del Plata
Socialist Party (Argentina) politicians
Argentine people of Italian


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<mask> (February 16, 1925 – July 27, 1990) was an American visual artist notable for his science fiction illustrations and his pioneering experimental films. He usually signed his illustrations as Emsh but sometimes used <mask>, <mask>, Willer and others. Background and early career

Born in Lansing, Michigan of Germanic descent, he graduated from the University of Michigan in 1947, and then studied at École des Beaux Arts (1949–50) in Paris with his wife, novelist <mask> (née Fries), whom he married on August 30, 1949. He also studied at the Art Students League of New York (1950–51). Illustrator

From 1951 to 1979, while living in Levittown, New York, Emshwiller created covers and interior illustrations for dozens of science fiction paperbacks and magazines, notably Galaxy Science Fiction and The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction. He debuted in the pulp magazines with about 50 interior illustrations and four cover paintings for the May to December 1951 issues of Galaxy, a monthly edited by H. L. Gold. In that year or 1952 he also did his first book cover for the U.S. paperback edition of Odd John (Galaxy Publishing Corp.) Because he experimented with a diversity of techniques, there is no typical Emsh cover.His painterly treatment for the August 1951 cover of Galaxy Science Fiction prefigures later work by Leo and Diane Dillon. Film and video

In 1964, a Ford Foundation grant allowed Emshwiller to pursue his interest in film. Active in the New American Cinema movement of the 1960s and early 1970s, he created multimedia performance pieces and did cine-dance and experimental films, such as the 38-minute Relativity (1966). He also was a cinematographer on documentaries, such as Emile de Antonio's Painters Painting (1972), and feature films, such as Time of the Heathen (1964) and Adolfas Mekas' Hallelujah the Hills (1963). Emshwiller's footage of Bob Dylan singing "Only a Pawn in Their Game" on July 6, 1963 at a Voters' Registration Rally in Greenwood, Mississippi, was

masks:
Edmund Alexander Emshwiller
Ed Emsh
Ed Emsler
Carol Emshwiller


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 shot for Jack Willis' 1963 documentary The Streets of Greenwood and appears in D. A. Pennebaker's Dylan documentary, Dont Look Back (1967). His films of the 1960s were mostly shot in 16mm color, and some of these included double exposures created simply by rewinding the cameras. He was one of the earliest video artists.With Scape-Mates (1972), he began his experiments in video, combining computer animation with live-action. In 1979, he produced Sunstone, a groundbreaking three-minute 3-D computer-generated video made at the New York Institute of Technology with Alvy Ray Smith. Now in the Museum of Modern Art's video collection, Sunstone was exhibited at SIGGRAPH 79, the 1981 Mill Valley Film Festival and other festivals. In 1979, it was shown on WNET's Video/Film Review, and a single Sunstone frame was used on the front cover of Fundamentals of Interactive Computer Graphics, published in 1982 by Addison-Wesley. CalArts

After a period as artist-in-residence at the Television Laboratory WNET/13 (New York), where he worked on the effects for The Lathe of Heaven among other projects, he moved to California, where he was the founder of the CalArts Computer Animation Lab and served as dean of the School of Film/Video at the California Institute of Arts from 1979 to 1990. He also served as provost from 1981 through 1986. In 1987, he created his electronic video opera, Hunger, for the 1987 Los Angeles Arts Festival, in partnership with composer Morton Subotnick.It was his last completed work, also presented in October 1989 at the Ars Electronica Festival in Linz, Austria. Influence

One of Emshwiller's neighbors in Levittown was Bill Griffith, later acclaimed for his Zippy syndicated comic strip, and Griffith's parents sometimes posed as models for Emshwiller's illustrations. Griffith, who credited Emshwiller as an influence on his becoming an artist, was painted by Emshwiller into the front cover of Original Science Fiction (September 1957). Griffith commented, "He didn't