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<mask> (; born 1 April 1997) is a Spanish racing driver born in Sant Antoni de Vilamajor, Spain. He drives for Chip Ganassi Racing in the IndyCar Series, where he is the 2021 series champion. He is the first Spanish racing driver to win a National Championship in American open-wheel racing history and also the first Spaniard to win in the GP3 Series. Early Years
Born in Sant Antoni de Vilamajor, Palou began karting in 2003. His biggest karting achievement was the championship title in the WSK Euro Series in 2012. Euroformula Open
Palou made his open-wheel racing debut, competing in the Euroformula Open Championship with Campos Racing in 2014. He bookended the season, winning the opening race at the Nürburgring and the final race at Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya.He also won a race at the Hungaroring to finish third in the series standings, missing out on the runner-up placing by just one point to Artur Janosz. Racing in Europe

GP3 Series

2015
In 2015, <mask> graduated to the GP3 Series with Campos Racing. During the first half of the season, he suffered major reliability issues as well as some driving mistakes due to his lack of experience, but his results improved along the season and he closed the year with a victory at Abu Dhabi. At the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya of Spain, <mask> qualified fourth for the first race, but he slipped the clutch at the start and lost any opportunity to fight for the points. He made another bad start at the second race. At the Red Bull Ring of Austria, Palou had another bad weekend. Starting from third, he stalled the engine at the start.He later admitted he felt nervous after the mistakes from Barcelona and that that might have contributed to those new errors. He did not finish the second race because of a crash on the first lap. At the Silverstone Circuit of England, a gear-box sensor failed when <mask> was driving fifth. He was forced to retire and subsequently had to start the

masks:
Álex Palou Montalbo
Palou
Palou
Palou


type: original

texts: second race from the last place on the grid. He managed to overtake eleven cars, eight of them in the first lap, to finish 13th. At the Hungaroring from Hungary, <mask> started seventh and moved up to fifth until a car hit him from behind. He suffered a puncture and was forced to pit.Starting from the bottom of the grid for the second race, he wrapped up the weekend with an 18th place finish. At the Spa-Francorchamps Circuit from Belgium, <mask> scored his first points in GP3 as the season passed its halfway point. Struggling with tyre wear and lack of speed, the Campos Racing driver finished in 7th place in the first race. He led most of the second race but eventually fell back to fifth because of the lack of top speed. He later argued that Esteban Ocon was scrapping 0,5 seconds per lap just in the first sector, where the Kemmel Straight was found. At the Autodromo Nazionale di Monza from Italy, <mask> had another difficult weekend because of the lack of top speed. Using the same engine he raced in Belgium, he managed to finish seventh in the first race and subsequently started the second one from the front row.He made "The Great Mistake" (as he wrote in his column) when during the warm-up lap he spun at the main straight and nearly hit the wall. Although his car was not damaged, he fell back to tenth. At the Sochi Autodrom from Russia, <mask> received a new engine that solved the top speed problems he suffered in Belgium and Italy. Because of Carlos Sainz crash during Russian Grand Prix Free Practice 3, the first race of the weekend was moved to Sunday. <mask> qualified just a tenth away from Pole Position and scored a provisional season-high in the first race when he crossed the line in fourth place. He immediately scored a provisional season high when he crossed the line in fourth place. He was ninth in the second one.At the Bahrain International Circuit of Bahrain, <mask> suffered yet again more reliability

masks: Palou Palou Palou Palou Palou Palou


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 issues. He started from fourth, but during the warm-up lap a gas sensor failed and the car kept on accelerating when the driver lifted the throttle. He decided to enter the Pit-Lane and retire. Because of this, he started the second race from last place. He gained 14 positions, but ended up tenth and outside from the points. At the Yas Marina Circuit from Abu Dhabi, <mask> won his race in GP3 and became the first Spanish driver to ever get a victory in the series. After being eighth in the first race, he held Pole Position for the second one.Worried about tyre wear, he targeted for a podium finish. He held the lead at the start and slowly started to pull away from the field. He crossed the line with a 4.4-second margin to Carlin's Antonio Fuoco. 2016
<mask> continued to race for Campos Racing in his second season in GP3. He scored second place at the Silverstone sprint race and fifth place at the Yas Marina sprint race. He ranked 15th in the overall standings. World Series Formula V8 3.5

2017

Palou also raced with Teo Martín Motorsport in three rounds of the 2017 World Series Formula V8 3.5 championship, where he won three poles and a race.This partial season earned him 10th in the championship. Palou finished 2017 with Campos Racing in two Formula 2 rounds, where he scored 5 points. Palou led the majority of the Jerez sprint race from the reverse grid pole, but ultimately, he could not hang on to the lead with his heavily worn tires and finished 8th. These two rounds finished Palou 21st in the championship. FIA Formula 3 European Championship

2018

In 2018, <mask> returned to Europe full-time for a full season with Hitech Bullfrog GP in the 2018 FIA Formula 3 European Championship. He scored 7 podiums and ended the year 7th in the championship. Racing in Japan

Japanese Formula 3 & World Series Formula V8 3.5

2017
Palou moved to Japan in 2017 to compete in Japanese Formula 3 for Threebond with Drago Corse.He

masks: Palou Palou Palou


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 won three races but finished the year third in the championship behind Mitsunori Takaboshi and Sho Tsuboi. Super GT & Super Formula

2019

<mask> moved back to Japan in 2019 to compete full-time with McLaren Customer Racing Japan in the Super GT GT300 class and TCS Nakajima Racing in Super Formula. In Super GT, <mask> was partnered with 2004 24 Hours of Le Mans winner Seiji Ara. As a team, they scored one podium at Autopolis but ultimately finished 15th in the championship. In Super Formula, <mask> had far more success. He won at Fuji Speedway from pole position and, after qualifying on pole at the final round at Suzuka, he looked to be the championship favorite. A problem with the ventilation duct early in the race immensely slowed <mask>'s car down and he finished 19th in the race.This dropped him to 3rd in the championship in the end. IndyCar

<mask> tested an IndyCar in July 2019 with Dale Coyne Racing at Mid-Ohio. Dale Coyne Racing (2020)

2020: Rookie Season

On 19 December 2019, it was announced that <mask> would move to the IndyCar Series for a rookie campaign with Dale Coyne Racing with Team Goh. His manager in the IndyCar series is former IndyCar driver Roger Yasukawa. In his first race for the team at the 2020 Genesys 300 at Texas Motor Speedway he was taken out by fellow rookie Rinus VeeKay. He took his first IndyCar podium at Road America. Chip Ganassi Racing (2021–present)

2021: First wins and first championship
<mask> was signed by Chip Ganassi Racing to drive the No.10 Honda for the 2021 IndyCar Series season. On 18 April 2021, <mask> earned his maiden IndyCar Series victory in the season-opening race at Barber Motorsports Park. <mask> started on pole for the first time in his IndyCar career at the first race of the season at Texas Motor Speedway, although his pole position was earned due to his early-season championship point lead after qualifying was canceled for the race due to inclement weather.

masks: Palou Palou Palou Palou Palou Palou Palou Palou Palou


texts: <mask> added another podium for the season at the GMR Grand Prix and then finished second in the 2021 Indianapolis 500 to Hélio Castroneves' record-tying fourth victory. <mask>'s finish in the 500 vaulted him into the points lead for the championship. For the rest of the season, only himself and Pato O'Ward would hold the points lead. <mask> then went on a run of podium finishes after the 500, although he briefly lost the points lead to O'Ward in Detroit by a single point.<mask> finished third in the second race in Detroit, won at Road America after Josef Newgarden suffered a gearbox failure, and finished third at Mid Ohio to solidify his points lead in the championship over both Scott Dixon and O'Ward. This was despite suffering three engine change related penalties imposed on him by IndyCar. He gave up the points lead to O'Ward after he and Dixon were collected in an accident caused by Rinus VeeKay at Gateway but took it back after taking his first earned pole position and a third victory at Portland. After a second-place finish at Laguna Seca, <mask> carried a thirty-five-point advantage over O'Ward heading into the final race of the season at Long Beach, with only himself, O'Ward, and Josef Newgarden still mathematically capable of winning the title. After O'Ward was knocked out in an accident on the first lap of the race <mask> drove conservatively and finished in fourth place, winning his first IndyCar championship. He became the third Chip Ganassi Racing driver to win the IndyCar series championship after Dixon and Dario Franchitti and the first Honda driver other than Dixon to win an IndyCar championship in the Dallara DW12 and turbo V6 era of IndyCar racing. <mask> also secured his first IndyCar track discipline championship in 2021, winning the Mario Andretti Cup as the season's highest-scoring driver on the road and street courses.For his Indianapolis Motor Speedway victory lap, he drove a chicken-themed

masks: Palou Palou Palou Palou Palou Palou Palou


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 limousine, in honor of his favorite after victory meal of fried chicken. Racing record

Career summary

* Season still in progress. Complete GP3 Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

† Driver did not finish the race but was classified as he completed over 90% of the race distance. Complete World Series Formula V8 3.5 results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete FIA Formula 2 Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate points for the fastest lap of top ten finishers)

Complete FIA Formula 3 European Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete Super GT results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete Super Formula results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

American open-wheel racing results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

IndyCar Series
(key)

* Season still in progress. Indianapolis 500

Complete WeatherTech SportsCar Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

References

External links

<mask> <mask>'s columns of his first year in GP3

1997 births
Spanish racing drivers
Living people
People from Vallès Oriental
Catalan racing drivers
IndyCar Series drivers
IndyCar Series champions
Indianapolis 500 drivers
Euroformula Open Championship drivers
GP3 Series drivers from Spain
Japanese Formula 3 Championship drivers
World Series Formula V8 3.5 drivers
FIA Formula 2 Championship drivers
FIA Formula 3 European Championship drivers
Campos Racing drivers
Teo Martín Motorsport drivers
Hitech Grand Prix drivers
Nakajima Racing drivers
Dale Coyne Racing drivers
Chip Ganassi

masks: Álex Palou


texts:
<mask> (26 August 1927 – 28 March 2006) was an Indian independence activist, senior Congress leader, former Chief Minister of Haryana, former Defense Minister of India, and considered by many to be the architect of modern Haryana. <mask> was part of the famous <mask> trio of Haryana which also included 'Tau' <mask> and <mask>, that form the major Political families of Haryana. <mask> was elected to the Haryana State Assembly seven times, the first time in 1967 from Tosham. He served three separate terms as Chief Minister of Haryana: 1968–75, 1986–87, and 1996–99. <mask> was considered a close confidante of former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and her son Sanjay Gandhi during the Emergency era of 1975 -1977. His younger son died at 59 in 2005

He served as the Defence Minister from December 1975 to March 1977, and had a brief stint as a Minister without Portfolio in the Union government in 1975. He also held the Railways and Transport portfolios.He set up Haryana Vikas Party after parting ways with the Indian National Congress in 1996. He returned to Congress in 2004, and helped the Congress to win the 2005 Assembly elections. Early life
He was born on 26 August 1927 to Choudhary Mohar Singh and Shrimati Vidya Devi belonging to Hindu Jat community
in the village of Golagarh in Bhiwani district, British Punjab (now Haryana). Following his marriage, <mask> had two sons, Surendra Singh, and Ranbir Singh Mahendra. Education
<mask> <mask> did his BA in arts, followed by LLB (law degree), for which he studied at the Punjab University Law College, Jalandhar. Political career

<mask> was secretary of Parja mandal in the Loharu State, from 1943 to 1944. <mask> was president of the Bar Association, Bhiwani from 1957 to 1958.He was president of the District Congress Committee, Hisar, from 1959 to 1962 and later became a member of the Congress Working

masks:
Bansi Lal Legha
Bansi Lal
Lal
Devi Lal
Bhajan Lal
Lal
Bansi Lal
Lal
Bansi
Lal
Lal
Lal


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 Committee and Congress Parliamentary Board. He was a member of the Punjab Pradesh Congress Committee between 1958 and 1962. He was Haryana's Chief Minister : from 1968 to 1975 (Congress), 1985 to 1987 (Congress), and 1996 to 1999 with Haryana Vikas Party. He was the Defence minister of India from December 1975 to March 1977. He was also the chairman of the Committee of Parliament and Committee on Public Undertakings, 1980–82, and the Committee on Estimates, 1982–84. He became railways minister on 31 December 1984 in Rajiv Gandhi's ministry and later minister for transport. He was elected to the Haryana State Assembly five times from Tosham (1967, 1972, 1986 bye-poll, 1991, 1996).He lost once from Tosham in 1987 <mask> wave, just a few months after winning the seat with more than 80,000 votes in 1986. He was a Rajya Sabha member from 1960 to 1966 and 1976 to 1980. He was a Lok Sabha member from Bhiwani three times : 1980 to 1984, 1985 to 1986, and 1989 to 1991. He lost from Bhiwani in 1977 due to the Janata wave. After he parted company with Congress in 1996, <mask> <mask> set up the Haryana Vikas Party and his campaign against prohibition propelled him to power in the assembly polls the same year. Chronologically : Rajya Sabha MP (1960-1966), Haryana MLA (1967-1975), Rajya Sabha (1976-1980 but lost Bhiwani Lok Sabha election in 1977), Lok Sabha MP from 1980-1984, 1984-1986, Haryana MLA 1986-1987, lost assembly election in 1987, became Lok Sabha MP 1989-1991, Haryana MLA 1991-1996 and 1996 to 2000. Chief Minister of Haryana
<mask> <mask> became the Chief Minister of Haryana four times in 1968, 1972, 1986 and 1996.He was the third chief minister of Haryana after Bhagwat Dayal Sharma and Rao Birender Singh. He became Haryana chief minister for the first time on 31 May 1968 at the age of 41 making him the youngest chief minister in the

masks:
Devi Lal
Bansi
Lal
Bansi
Lal


texts: country at the time, and remained in office till 13 March 1972. On 14 March 1972, he occupied the top post in the state for the second time and was in office till 29 November 1975. The third and fourth times he was appointed chief minister was from 5 June 1986 to 19 June 1987 and 11 May 1996 to 23 July 1999. <mask> <mask> was elected to the state assembly seven times, the first time being in 1967. After Haryana was formed in 1966, much of the state's industrial and agricultural development, especially creation of infrastructure, took place due to <mask>'s initiatives. He was elected to the state assembly for seven times in 1967, 1968, 1972, 1986, 1991 and 2000.He was responsible for electrifying all villages in Haryana during his tenure as chief minister in the late sixties and seventies. He was also the pioneer of highway tourism in the state – a model later adopted by a number of states. He is regarded by many as an "Iron man" who was always close to reality and took keen interest in the upliftment of the community. <mask> became one of the first Chief Ministers to visit Israel, when he led a delegation of agriculturalists and sarpanches to the country in 1971. Even before the emergency he ruled the state of Haryana in an authoritarian fashion, within the first six and a half years of his rule as chief minister, the Haryana police took into custody more than 143,000 people, including many of his political opponents. He was known to dislike journalists and press especially those critical of him. Two months before the emergency he sent his goons with a senior municipal officer to demolish the offices of Chetna, a Bhiwani based newspaper which was critical of him, and one day after the Emergency was declared arrested it's editor Devabrata Vasisht along with his father.In other instances he tamed press critical of him like the Tribune at

masks: Bansi Lal Lal Lal


texts:
 Chandigarh, by denying it government advertisements and using the police to fine vehicles that carried the paper to Haryana. In 1974, <mask> <mask>'s son, Surender Singh along with a police escort stormed into the house of Bhanwar Singh, a student union leader at Bhiwani college, in Rewasa. They dragged Bhanwar, his sister, and his grandmother, the two siblings were stripped naked and made to lie on the same cot, while Bhanwar's grandmother was kicked to death. The journalist Makhan <mask> who reported this story was locked up on the very first day of the emergency, while the deputy superintendent who took part in this was given a promotion. <mask> <mask> also brought the Maruti Car project to Haryana, which was Sanjay Gandhi's pet project, he provided over 297.3 acres of land for Maruti factory in the district of Gurgaon, of which 157 acres belonged to the Ministry of Defense, and 140 acres were highly fertile and populated land that belonged to many farmers. He also provided Maruti a government loan to cover the costs of this purchase. To this end 15,000 farmers were evicted.<mask> <mask> did not contest the assembly elections in 2005 but his sons Surender Singh and Ranbir Singh Mahendra were elected to the state assembly. Surender Singh died in a helicopter crash near Saharanpur in Uttar Pradesh on 31 March 2005. Role during Emergency
<mask> was in the limelight when Emergency was imposed by the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in 1975. He was a confidante of Indira Gandhi and her son Sanjay Gandhi during the controversial Emergency days in 1975. He was part of a cabal around Sanjay Gandhi, along with V C Shukla, Om Mehta, et al., which came to be known as 'the Emergency caucus'. This group, led by Sanjay Gandhi, was said to be responsible for various harsh steps during the Emergency. He was the defence minister from 21 December

masks:
Bansi
Lal
Lal Kak
Bansi
Lal
Bansi
Lal
Lal


texts:
 1975 to 24 March 1977 and a minister without portfolio in the Union government from 1 December 1975 to 20 December 1975.The Shah Commission of Inquiry which was formed at end of the Emergency noted that <mask> often misused his official position for personal reasons. Death
<mask> died in New Delhi on 28 March 2006 at the age of 78. He had been unwell for quite some time. Awards and honours
In 1972, the Kurukshetra University and the Haryana Agricultural University awarded him honorary degrees of Doctor of Law and Doctor of Science respectively. Legacy

In 2008, the Jui canal was named the Bansi Lal Canal in his memory. In 2014, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University was created in Bhiwani in his memory. Prominent Family Members

<mask>'s elder son, Ranbir Singh Mahendra served as President of Board for Control of Cricket in India (BCCI).<mask>'s younger son's wife, Mrs. Kiran Choudhry, is a Member of the Legislative Assembly (2005,2009, 2014) from Tosham constituency. She was cabinet minister in Bhupinder Singh Hooda's government from 2009–14. <mask>'s grand daughter, Mrs. Shruti Choudhry, was a Member of the Parliament (2009) from Bhiwani constituency. She lost the 2014 general elections from same constituency. See also
 Aaya Ram Gaya Ram
 Dynastic politics of Haryana

References

 <mask> <mask>: Chief Minister of Haryana By S. R. Bakshi, Sita Ram Sharma 1998

1927 births
2006 deaths
People from Bhiwani district
People from Bhiwani
Chief Ministers of Haryana
Railway Ministers of India
Defence Ministers of India
Members of the Cabinet of India
7th Lok Sabha members
8th Lok Sabha members
9th Lok Sabha members
Rajya Sabha members from Punjab, India
10th Lok Sabha members
Lok Sabha members from Haryana
Indian independence activists from Haryana
Chief ministers from Indian National Congress
People of the Emergency (India)
Haryana Vikas Party

masks: Lal Lal Lal Lal Lal Bansi Lal


texts: <mask><mask> (born 1966) is an applied mathematician working at the intersection of the mathematical sciences and the behavioral, social and health sciences. He is currently Professor and Distinguished University Scholar, the Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Psychometrics and Measurement, and the Paragon UBC Professor of Psychometrics & Measurement at University of British Columbia. His body of research in the mathematical sciences reflects a wide range of research in mathematics and statistics aimed at developing and exploring the properties and applications of mathematical structures of measurement, survey design, testing, and assessment. Many of these projects are conducted with a select group of local, national, and international collaborators as well as graduate students and postdoctoral researchers. The mission of his research funding is to invest in supporting training through research involvement of the next generation of social and health scientists, psychometricians, mathematical scientists, and professional research scientists at a portfolio of governmental departments, as well as non-governmental research institutes, and survey, testing and assessment organizations. He currently teaches in the graduate Measurement, Evaluation, & Research Methodology Program with an additional appointment in the Institute of Applied Mathematics, and earlier also in the Department of Statistics, at the University of British Columbia (UBC) in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Prior to arriving at UBC in

masks:
Bruno D
. Zumbo


texts:
 2000, he held professorships in the Departments of Psychology and of Mathematics at the University of Northern British Columbia (1994-2000), and earlier in the Faculty of Education with adjunct appointment in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Ottawa (1990-1994).Biography
He was born and raised in Edmonton, Alberta, one of six children (including a twin sister) of immigrant parents from Reggio di Calabria, Italy. He speaks English and Italian (including the Calabrese dialect), and reads English, Italian and French. He was a first-generation university graduate. He completed his B.Sc. at the University of Alberta (Edmonton, AB) and his MA and Ph.D. from Carleton University (Ottawa, ON). His studies reflected his curiosity and diverse interests. With an eye to fostering his talents and interests, the University of Alberta allowed him to take graduate (Masters and PhD) courses in statistics and mathematics while eventually completing his B.Sc..Likewise, in graduate school his professors allowed him to pursue and integrate mathematics, philosophy of science and Psychology. His interests continue to be focused on mathematical sciences of measurement and scientific methodology with a blend of mathematics, social sciences like psychology, philosophy of science and measurement in science. His doctoral dissertation titled "Statistical Methods to Overcome Nonindependence of Coupled Data in Significance Testing" was under the direction of Prof. Donald W. Zimmerman (Carleton University, Ottawa).


texts:
 Program of research
Professor <mask> is an internationally recognized mathematical scientist, psychometrician, and measurement theorist. His program of research has had wide influence in psychometric and validity theories, measurement invariance and test bias, educational and behavioral statistics, and language testing. Overview
He is known for his contributions in the fields of statistics, psychometrics, validity theory, and studies of the mathematical basis of classical test theory, item response theory, and measurement error models. Over the last nearly 30 years his interdisciplinary program of research has emerged to have broad interdisciplinary impact and as such is well-recognized in a variety of disciplines including psychometrics and measurement, statistics, language testing, educational research, quality of life and well being, health and human development.His research has branched to many areas in statistics, measurement, and scientific methodology. He takes a problem-solving point of view to his research in that the research is not tied to any one area of statistics or measurement. His interests in mathematics focused mostly in analysis (e.g., real analysis, measure theory, metric spaces), with some secondary interests in applications of number theory, abstract algebra and linear algebra. He continues to learn and integrate new ideas and areas of mathematics (and philosophy) as necessary to solve a new scientific problem. As is evident from the list of publications and awards, his program


texts:
 of research is noted for his having addressed cross-disciplinary recurring controversial topics such as theories of measurement validity, measurement invariance, the role of levels (or scales) of measurement in statistics, and the role of hypothesis testing in empirical studies and particularly their lack of robustness to violations of assumptions. His contributions to these debates have highlighted his orientation from the intersection of mathematics, measurement and statistical science with consideration given to philosophy of science and scientific methodology. His program of research is actively engaged in psychometrics for language testing, quality of life and wellbeing, and health and human development.This applied work, in the end, feeds his basic program of research in research methodology and measurement. Measure-theoretic psychometric and measurement theory
A noteworthy contribution to the field is the pioneering work initiated by Donald Zimmerman in 1975 in Psychometrika and continued by Zimmerman and Zumbo in a series of collaborations dating back to 1990. This line of research has continued with a series of collaborations by <mask> and Ed Kroc more fully articulating what Zumbo has termed as measure-theoretic psychometric and measurement theory (e.g., Zimmerman, 1975; Zumbo & Zimmerman, 1993; Zimmerman & Zumbo, 2001; Kroc & Zumbo, 2018; Zumbo & Kroc, 2019; Kroc & Zumbo, 2020). Measure-theoretic psychometric and measurement theory emerges from applications of mathematical analysis and


texts:
 measure theory that allows for a precise, succinct, and mathematically coherent specification of test theory and resolves many inconsistencies and apparent paradoxes in conventional psychometric theory as developed, for example, in the seminal work of Lord and Novick (1968). In addition, in the measure theoretic formulation of psychometric and measurement theory (building upon measure-theoretic probability), one can speak of the general concept of measures instead of the restrictive notions of density or mass functions; and avoiding any entanglements about Stevens' scales or levels of measurement, and being limited to discrete or continuous random variables and ignoring attributes or phenomena that are mixtures of continuous and discrete random variables (Zumbo & Zimmerman, 1993; Zumbo & Kroc, 2019; Kroc & Zumbo, 2020). In this general line of research of a measure-theoretic measurement theory, Kroc (2020) introduced random-variable-valued measurements; which can be used to characterize measurement protocols and response process error when sample data are not deterministic. Measurement Invariance, Exchangeability, and Bias & Differential Functioning of Tests and Surveys
A noteworthy contribution has been the body of research focused on the analysis of the psychometric concepts of measurement invariance, exchangeability, and bias & differential item (survey question or assessment task) functioning.This body of research sometimes travels under the name "differential item or test functioning (DIF /


texts:
 DTF)." This program of research started as a study of the paradox that is measurement invariance (e.g., Li and Zumbo 2009; Rupp and Zumbo 2003, 2004, 2006; Zimmerman and Zumbo 2001; Zumbo and Gelin, 2005; Zumbo and Rupp 2004; Zumbo 1999, 2007a, 2007b, 2008, 2009). On the one hand, under a mathematical lens, it is a trivial identity but on the other hand, under a historical and conceptual lens, it is probably the most important property of latent variable measurement models and item response theory (IRT), in particular. Furthermore, according to much of the contemporary psychometric literature, invariance is what sets IRT apart from classical test theory (CTT) models. Mathematically, IRT parameter invariance is a simple identity for parameters that are on the same scale. Yet the latent scale in IRT models is arbitrary, so that unequated sets of model parameters are invariant only up to a set of linear transformations specific to a given IRT model. Note that the properties of specific objectivity and scale representation in terms of additive conjoint measurement for the Rasch model (Perline, Wright, & Wainer, 1979) do not imply that the Rasch scale is nonarbitrary; they merely imply that it has certain desirable measurement properties.Its metric remains fundamentally arbitrary, however, because the latent variable is a statistical construction (see, e.g., Lord, 1980, p. 36). As Rupp and <mask>–Lindley–de Finetti Framework and the Explanation-Focused View of Validity and Validation
What has emerged


texts:
 alongside the body of research on exchangeability and invariance are (i) the Draper-Lindley-de Finetti framework focused on inferences about items (or tasks) and persons made in assessment and surveys described in Zumbo (2007) for the articulation of the bounds of the claims from our surveys and assessments, and (ii) Zumbo's explanation-focused view of test validity (e.g., Zumbo, 2007, 2009, 2017; <mask> and Gelin, 2005; Zumbo et al., 2015). These both invoke what <mask> (2015) refers to as an in vivo view of testing and assessment rather than the more widely received in vitro view. Doing so, necessitates an ecological model of item responding and test performance (Zumbo et al., 2015).Scholarly interests
 Publication List
 Google Scholar

Awards and recognition
Tier 1 - Canada Research Chair in Psychometrics and Measurement, held at the University of British Columbia, awarded in 2020. The first term of the CRC is for seven years, 2020-2027. Building on his body of research on measurement invariance and differential item/task/test functioning, the theme of this CRC is Equity and Fairness at the Nexus of Data Science, Digital Innovation, and Social Justice. The research involves developing and refining new mathematical and data science methods situated in Professor <mask>’s ecological theory and his emerging paradigm of item and survey responding. Paragon UBC Professorship in Psychometrics and Measurement,  renewed for 2015-2024, initially selected by UBC to lead the $1.8-million project to enhance

masks: Zumbo Zumbo Zumbo


texts:
 UBC's standing as a global leader in research and training in the field of the statistical science of measurement. Please see the report "Looking Back, Looking Ahead: Outcomes, Impacts and Next Steps," which highlights the achievements of the first UBC-Paragon partnership & plans for ongoing collaboration. Check out the final report of the first research initiative online: link
Centenary Medal of Distinction, awarded in 2019 by the UBC School of Nursing recognizing having "brought high honour to the School... [having] significantly advanced the School's vision, mission and mandate."This award reflects nearly 25 years of collaborative psychometric and statistical research with professors of nursing, and having significantly contributed to the training of advanced nursing and health researchers. Announcement of the medal. Pioneer in the Psychometrics of Quality of Life. In 2018 he was honored with this distinction by the International Society for Quality of Life Studies (ISQOLS) for having made substantial contributions to measurement and research methodology impacting on the field of Quality of Life Research. Announcement and a brief paper published in 2019 in recognition of this distinction and review his contributions to the field written by Professors Gadermann and Sawatzky in the journal Applied Research in Quality of Life. Distinguished University Scholar. Awarded in 2017 this prestigious distinction recognizes exceptional members of UBC faculty who has distinguished themselves internationally in


texts:
 research and/or teaching and learning.UBC Killam Research Prize, Senior Category. Awarded in 2016/2017 winners are nominated by internal and external colleagues and  adjudicated at the University level by the President's Faculty Research Major-Awards Committee. UBC Killam Teaching Prize, 2011/2012 . The university wide prize is awarded annually, from the Killam Endowment Fund, to faculty nominated by students, colleagues, and alumni in recognition of excellence in teaching. Fellow of the American Educational Research Association (AERA), awarded in 2011. Professor <mask> is the first University of British Columbia (UBC) professor to be selected an AERA Fellow. As AERA notes, Fellows are selected in recognition of their exceptional scientific or scholarly contributions to education research and substantial research accomplishments.AERA Fellows are known both nationally and internationally for their outstanding contributions to education research. American Educational Research Association
 Research Fellow Award by the International Society for Quality of Life Studies, ISQOLS, awarded in 2010. Professor <mask> was one of just three scholars in the world who received recognition as a 2010 Research Fellow of ISQOLS. Election to the status of Research Fellow is an indication of a scholar making a substantial contribution to quality of life (QoL) research. Samuel J. Messick Memorial Lecture Award -- awarded in 2005. The award is given in honor of the late Samuel J. Messick, a distinguished research scientist

masks: Zumbo Zumbo


texts:
 at Educational Testing Service. Excellence in Teaching Award -- University of Northern British Columbia university-wide award, 1998.SSHRCC Research Fellow 1989-1990 Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada Research Fellow. Selected publications
 (2020). The role of item distributions on reliability estimation: The case of Cronbach's coefficient alpha. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 80(5), 825–846. (with Astivia, O.L.O., & Kroc, E.)
(2020). Assembled validity: rethinking Kane’s argument-based approach in the context of International Large-Scale Assessments (ILSAs). Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 27:6, 588-606.(with Addey, C., & Maddox, B.) (2020). A transdisciplinary view of measurement error models and the variations of X=T+E. Journal of Mathematical Psychology. (with Kroc, E.)
(2020). A Propensity Score Method for Investigating Differential Item Functioning in Performance Assessment. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 80(3), 476–498.(with Chen, M.Y., & Liu, Y.) (2019). A note on the solution multiplicity of the Vale-Maurelli intermediate correlation equation. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 44(2), 127-143. (with Astivia, O.L.O.) (2018). Calibration of measurements.Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, 17(2), 2-28. (with Kroc, E.)
(2018). In defense of Pratt's variable importance axioms: A response to Gromping. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews (WIREs): Computational Statistics, 10, pp. 1–10. (with Thomas, D.R.,


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 & Kwan, E.)
(2018). On the Solution Multiplicity of the Fleishman Method and its Impact in Simulation Studies.British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 71(3), 437-458. (with Astivia, O.L.O.) (2018). A Note on Using the Nonparametric Levene Test When Population Means Are Unequal. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 23(13), 1-11. (with Shear, B.R., & Nordstokke, D.W.)
 (2018). The use of latent variable mixture models to identify invariant items in test construction.Quality of Life Research, 27, pp. 1745–1755. (with Sawatzky, R., Russell, L. B., Sajobi. T. T., Lix. L. M., & Kopec, J. A.) (2018).Scoping Review of Response Shift Methods: Current Reporting Practices, and Recommendations. Quality of Life Research, 27,  pp. 1133–1146. (with Sajobi, T.T., Brambhatt, R., Lix, L.M., & Sawatzky, R. )
 (2017). Trending Away From Routine Procedures, Towards an Ecologically Informed 'In Vivo' View of Validation Practices. Measurement: Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives, 15:3-4, pp. 137–139.(2017). Population Models and Simulation Methods: The Case of the Spearman Rank Correlation. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 70, pp. 347–367. (with Astivia, O.L.O.) (2017). Understanding and Investigating Response Processes in Validation Research.New York, NY: Springer. (edited with Hubley, A.M.) Book information at Springer Press' website please click https://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319561288. (2016). Validity as a Pragmatist Project: A Global Concern with


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 Local Application. In Vahid Aryadoust, and Janna Fox (Eds. ), Trends in Language Assessment Research and Practice (pp. 555–573).Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. (with Stone, J.) (2015). Resolving the Issue of How Reliability is Related to Statistical Power: Adhering to Mathematical Definitions. Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, 14, 9-26. (with Zimmerman, D. W.)
 (2015). A Methodology for Zumbo's Third Generation DIF Analyses and the Ecology of Item Responding.Language Assessment Quarterly, 12, 136-151. (with Liu, Y., Wu, A.D., Shear, B.R., Astivia, O.L.O. & Ark, T.K.) (2014). Validity and Validation in Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences. New York, NY: Springer. (edited with Chan, E.K.H.).Book information at Springer Press' website please click https://www.springer.com/social+sciences/wellbeing+%26+quality-of-life/book/978-3-319-07793-2. (2012). Difference Scores from the Point of View of Reliability and Repeated Measures ANOVA: In Defense of Difference Scores for Data Analysis. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 72, 37-43. (with Thomas, D. R.)
 (2012). Estimating ordinal reliability for Likert-type and ordinal item response data: A conceptual, empirical, and practical guide. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 17(3), 1-13.(with Gadermann, A. M., & Guhn, M.)
 (2008). A Method for Simulating Multivariate Non-normal Distributions with Specified Standardized Cumulants  and Intraclass Correlation  Coefficients. Communications in Statistics: Simulation  and


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 Computation, 37, 617-628. (with Headrick, T. C.)
 (2008). Statistical Methods for Investigating Item Bias in Self-Report Measures, [The University of Florence Lectures on Differential Item Functioning]. Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy. (2007).Validity: Foundational Issues and Statistical Methodology. In C.R. Rao and S. Sinharay (Eds.) Handbook of Statistics, Vol. 26: Psychometrics, (pp. 45–79). Elsevier Science B.V.: The Netherlands.(2007). Three generations of differential item functioning (DIF) analyses: Considering where it has been, where it is now, and        where it is going. Language Assessment Quarterly, 4, 223-233. (2007). Ordinal Versions of Coefficients Alpha and Theta For Likert Rating Scales. Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, 6, 21-29. (with Gadermann, A. M., & Zeisser, C.)
 (2005).On Optimizing Multi-Level Designs: The Concern For Power Under Budget Constraints. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics, 47, 219-229. (with Headrick, T. C.)
 (2005). Embedding IRT In Structural Equation Models: A Comparison With Regression Based On IRT Scores. Structural Equation Modeling, 12, 263-277. (with Lu, I. R. R., Thomas, D. R.)
 (2004). To Bayes or Not to Bayes, From Whether to When: Applications of Bayesian Methodology to Modeling.Structural Equation Modeling, 11, 424-451. (with Rupp, A. A., Dey, D. K.)
 (2004). Responsible Modeling of Measurement Data For Appropriate Inferences: Important Advances in Reliability and Validity Theory. In David Kaplan


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 (Ed. ), The SAGE Handbook of Quantitative Methodology for the Social Sciences (pp. 73–92).Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Press. (with Rupp, A. A.) (2003). Comparison of Aligned Friedman Rank and Parametric Methods for Testing Interactions in Split-Plot Designs. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, 42, 569-593. (with Beasley, T. M.)
 (2003).Does Item-Level DIF Manifest Itself in Scale-Level Analyses? : Implications for Translating Language Tests. Language          Testing, 20, 136-147
 (2001). The Geometry of Probability, Statistics, and Test Theory. International Journal of Testing, 1, 283-303. (with Zimmerman, D. W.)
 (1999). A handbook on the theory and methods of differential item functioning (DIF): Logistic regression modeling as a unitary framework for binary and Likert-type (ordinal) item scores.Ottawa, ON: Directorate of Human Resources Research and Evaluation, Canadian Department of National Defense. (1999). An overview and some observations on the psychometric models used in computer-adaptive language testing. In M. Chalhoub-Deville (Ed. ), Issues in computer-adaptive testing of reading proficiency, (pp. 216–228). Cambridge UK: Cambridge        University Press.(with MacMillan, P. D.)
 (1998). A note on misconceptions concerning prospective and retrospective power. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series D (The Statistician), 47, 385-388. (with Hubley, A. M.)
 (1998). (Ed.) Validity Theory and the Methods Used in Validation: Perspectives from the Social and Behavioral Sciences.


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 [Special issue of the journal Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Volume 45, No.1-3, 509 pages]
 (1996). Using a measure of variable importance to investigate the standardization of discriminant coefficients. Journal of Educational & Behavioral Statistics, 21, 110-130. (with Thomas, D. R.)
 (1993). Effect of nonindependence of sample observations on parametric and nonparametric statistical tests. Communications in Statistics: Simulation and Computation, 22, 779-789. (with Zimmerman, D. W., Williams, R. H.)
 (1993).Coefficient alpha as an estimate of test reliability under violation of  two assumptions. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 53, 33-49. (with Zimmerman, D. W., & Lalonde, C.)
 (1990). CAI as an adjunct to teaching introductory statistics: Affect mediates learning. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 6, 29 -40. (with Varnhagen, C. K.)
 (1988). Implicit ordinal number knowledge tasks as predictors for number line comprehension: A validation study.Educational          and Psychological Measurement, 48, 219-230. (with Kingma, J.) (1987). Relationship between seriation, transitivity, and explicit ordinal number comprehension. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 65, 559-569. (with Kingma, J.) See Scholarly Interests above for a full list of publications

References

1966 births
Living people
University of British Columbia faculty
Canadian mathematicians
Carleton University alumni
Scientists from


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<mask> (September 16, 1920 – October 10, 2000) was an American athlete and businessman who founded the National Basketball Association's Chicago Bulls in 1966. He served as the team's first general manager and later worked as a scout for the Phoenix Suns. Background
Hailing from Iowa, <mask> played basketball at Northwestern University. He then competed for the United States Navy's Great Lakes Blue Jackets, who traveled throughout the United States raising money for the Navy Relief Society. From 1945 to 1946, <mask> played professionally for the National Basketball League's Chicago American Gears. He also dabbled in minor league baseball, spending one summer as a pitcher in the Cleveland Indians' farm system. Once his playing days were over, he moved to the Chicago suburbs and embarked on a highly successful career distributing promotional items to banks and other companies.Founding of the Chicago Bulls
The late 1940s through early 1960s were a low point for professional basketball in Chicago. The American Gears suddenly folded in 1947 due to poor financial decisions by owner Maurice White. Three years later, the Chicago Stags of the early National Basketball Association disbanded due to lack of fan interest. The NBA returned to Chicago with the Chicago Packers in 1961, but their poor first season record (18-62) turned off many fans, and the team was sold to a group of Maryland investors in 1962. The Chicago Packers were scheduled to relocate to Baltimore by the fall of 1963. In the meantime, the team adopted a new nickname, the Chicago Zephyrs. Hoping to keep the Zephyrs in Chicago, <mask> tried to purchase the team in 1963, but he failed, and the team left the city after posting a 25-55 second season record.However, <mask>

masks:
Dick Öland Klein
Klein
Klein
Dick Klein
Klein


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 was determined to bring professional basketball back to Chicago, and started recruiting local businessmen to help him found an expansion team. Most investors were skeptical of <mask>'s venture, given the failure of the Zephyrs and their predecessors. A turning point occurred when <mask> received the support of the American Broadcasting Company, who was negotiating with the NBA for television rights. ABC believed a successful Chicago team would help boost ratings, and once <mask> had their backing, he was able to attract more partners. On January 26, 1966, his group was finally awarded an NBA expansion franchise at a cost of $1.6 million, and <mask> was named general manager. <mask>'s first task was to coin a nickname for the new Chicago team. He wanted a name that evoked images of the Chicago stockyards, which were close to the stadium where the team was expected to play.According to <mask>, he had originally considered Matadors or Toreadors, but when his youngest son dismissed these prospective nicknames as "a bunch of bull," he decided to name the team the Chicago Bulls. He then recruited a neighbor to design the Bulls' familiar team logo. He chose the colors red and black from his former alma mater, Fort Madison High School, where he went to school and played basketball from 1934 to 1938. Team management
<mask> selected Johnny "Red" Kerr and Al Bianchi to serve as the Bulls' head coach and assistant coach, respectively. Since both were former players who were still under contract with their old teams, <mask> actually drafted his coaching staff via the NBA Expansion Draft. He then acquired Guy Rodgers, Jerry Sloan, Len Chappell, Jim Washington, Erwin Mueller, Don Kojis, and Bob Boozer to form the core playing unit for the

masks: Klein Klein Klein Klein Klein Klein Klein Klein


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 Bulls. In support of the new team, <mask> and Kerr paraded through Chicago in a flatbed truck, accompanied by a live bull.Though the Bulls finished the 1966–67 NBA season with a 33-48 record, they still managed to reach the postseason. This was the first time any expansion franchise reached the playoffs in their first year, a feat that has not been repeated. They lost in the first round to the St. Louis Hawks in four games. <mask> considered the season a success, saying, "We had good players led by good men, so we became competitive". However, the Bulls regressed the following season, winning just 29 games, and as the team struggled to increase attendance figures, tensions emerged between <mask> and Kerr. <mask> openly criticized Kerr in the local media, and he frequently sent notes to his coaching staff during games, which contained messages such as "That's seven turnovers this quarter". Tired of <mask>'s involvement, Kerr finally left the team in 1968 and was replaced by <mask>.Unfortunately, <mask> feuded with Motta, as well. After <mask> sent Erwin Mueller to the Seattle SuperSonics for cash in 1969, Motta reportedly said, "You can't play with money; money won't play!". Motta then ordered <mask> to consult him before any trade he made in the future. Facing pressure from other members of team management, <mask> stepped down as general manager before the start of the Bulls fourth season, but he retained his share of the ownership and saw the Bulls improve significantly under Motta during the next few seasons. The team won 51 games during the 1970–71 season and 57 games the next season, and the Bulls began to secure a steady fan base. After the Bulls
<mask> orchestrated the sale of several owners' shares of the team

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Dick Motta
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 (including his own) to a new ownership group that included Chicago Blackhawks owner Arthur Wirtz in the summer of 1972. "In my opinion, with Wirtz at the steering wheel, the Bulls were in good hands," he later said.The Bulls eventually became one of the NBA's most profitable franchises, due in large part to the presence of Michael Jordan during the 1980s and 1990s (Wirtz, in turn, sold the Bulls to current owner Jerry Reinsdorf in 1984). Many of <mask>'s personnel selections blossomed into long-term NBA successes, including Utah Jazz coach Jerry Sloan, and sports magnate Jerry Colangelo, who worked in <mask>'s front office in the Bull's early years. <mask>'s friendship with Colangelo and continued passion for the sport led him to serve as a Southeastern scout for the Phoenix Suns. He served in that capacity until shortly before his death in Greenville, South Carolina in 2000. References

Bibliography

1920 births
2000 deaths
20th-century American businesspeople
American men's basketball players
United States Navy personnel of World War II
Basketball players from Iowa
Centers (basketball)
Charleston Senators players
Chicago American Gears players
Chicago Bulls executives
Chicago Bulls owners
Flint Arrows players
Northwestern Wildcats men's basketball players
People from Fort Madison, Iowa
Phoenix Suns

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<mask> (born 27 December 1969) is a French film director and screenwriter. Early career
After studying social sciences and communications, he worked as a creative in an advertisement agency. He became a photographic reporter in 1992, doing missions for the UNESCO and travelling the world for the Gamma agency. In five years, he did thirty pieces in fifteen countries. His career in journalism shaped a working method that he would later apply in his fictional works. His stories are preceded by extensive research, which allows him to write stories that are as close to reality as possible. This vision of cinema, a "lived-in filmmaking" of sorts, aims to create fictional stories that are as documented as possible.Often tragicomical, his films present stories that are inspired by reality, with often non-professional actors. The objective is to blur the frontier between our world and the fictional realm. He applied this method for the first time in 1997, with his first comic script: Fox One – Armageddon. To create this comic series, he attended the Red Flag Air Force Exercise at the Nellis Air Force Base, in Nevada, visited the Charles de Gaulle, Foch and Clemenceau aircraft carriers during high seas exercises, and visited French Air Force Bases. The Fox One series was translated in five languages and sold over 90 000 copies. Film career
In 2002, he directed his first short film, Undercover, a seven-minute presentation which mixed cinema and a live show; it won multiple international awards.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fiche Technique et récompenses dUndercover sur la page web de la société de Production La Boîte Productions|url=http://www.laboitefilms.com/portfolio/undercover/|language=French|access-date=30 November 2018}}</ref> In it one can find one of his central themes: the blurred distinction between fiction and reality. Later on, he filmed Coming-out (2004), a


texts: comedy starring Omar Sy, whose script was late adapted to a live show by comedians Omar et Fred.In 2006, he directed Mon dernier rôle, starring Patrick Chesnais and guest starring Patrick Poivre d’Arvor during a fake news broadcast. This black comedy was selected in fifty festivals, winning several awards, including the grand prize of the Meudon short film festival and the grand prize of the Comedia Festival, in Montreal. In 2007, he returned to his journalistic roots, shooting the documentary Hôtel du Cheval Blanc, for six months. This film presented the terrible living conditions of the thousands of families who are hosted in insanitary hotels every year. In 2008, he went to China to adapt and stage his first theatre performance, The Nutcracker ballet. This version, produced by the Gruber Ballet Opéra, which presents 39 artists from Chinese State Circus, has made a world tour, starting in France in 2009. In 2012, he returned to cinema, writing and directing Welcome to China with Gad Elmaleh and Arié Elmaleh.Shot in Shanghai, the short film presents the two brothers playing their own roles. In 2013, he started research for his first feature film, which tells the story of a posh high school teacher in Paris that is transferred to the city's poorer suburbs. True to his method, he started researching France's educational institutions. For three years, <mask> immersed himself in the daily lives of high schools of the Seine-Saint-Denis region, on the outskirts of the french capital. Among them, he resided in the Barbara High School of Stains, which became the main setting of the film. Furthermore, the students of the High School participated in the project, becoming characters of the feature film. Shooting started in 2016.The film bore its final title, Les Grands Esprits (The Teacher in English), with Denis Podalydès in the main role. The Teacher was released


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 in theaters in France in 2017. It was shown in cinemas all around the world, in countries including the United States, Canada, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Peru, Italy, Spain, Japan, Taiwan, Nigeria, Senegal and the Ivory Coast. The film was used as an educational tool by teachers in France and several other countries. <mask>-Vidal is currently researching the gastronomical world, in order to prepare his future film projects. Photographic journalism career
Between 1992 and 1997, he worked as a photographic journalist for a number of publications and journalistic agencies (Gamma Agency, Agence Vu, Science & Vie Junior), covering scientific, cultural and social subjects. He also went on a mission to Southeast Asia, covering the UNESCO’s Education For All Programme.There, he photographed vulnerable populations helped by the programme, such as the Akha, Hmong, Lisu and Karen peoples of Thailand, the women of Bangladesh and the children of the streets of Saigon. In total, he made thirty pieces in close to fifteen countries: Bangladesh, Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, Japan, China, the United States, Jamaica, Guyana, Nepal, Brazil. Comic book writing career
In late 1997, the first tome of "Fox One", Armageddon, was published, with a script by <mask>-Vidal. In 1999, the second tome was released: T.L.D and in 2001, NDE (“Near Death Experience"). Comic book scripts
 Fox One''', drawings by Renaud Garreta, Philippe Arnaud SA
 Armageddon (1997)
 T.L.D. (1999)
 NDE (2001)

Stage directing career
Starting 2008, he staged The Nutcracker made in China, a production of the Gruber Ballet Opera that mixes dance, theatre and acrobatics. He adapted Hoffmann’s classical tale and directed Dalian’s acrobatic troupe.Stage directing
 The Nutcracker Made in China (2009)

 Advertising career
 Creative director
He directed various advertisements : M&M's, Maggi, Activia, Panzani,

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Olivier Ayache
Olivier Ayache


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<mask> (born 24 July 1982) is a Swiss-born sports executive and former professional footballer. As a player, his last team was Unión Adarve in group one of the Preferente de Madrid. He became the Chief Executive of the Professional Footballers' Association for England and Wales on 1 June 2021, replacing Gordon Taylor. Career
<mask> was born in Saint-Imier, Switzerland, he is an Italian citizen, born to a Congolese father and Italian mother. He signed a three-year contract with Brighton & Hove Albion, after impressing then-manager Mark McGhee during a two-week trial for the club in the summer of 2004, shortly after being released by SV Wacker Burghausen in Germany. His career at Brighton got off to quick start, scoring a goal just 12 seconds into his debut versus Reading at Madejski Stadium. Despite his early goal, Brighton fell 3–2.Shortly after, Molango had a falling out with McGhee and after six total appearances, would not make another appearance in the 2004–05 season. In the summer of 2005, Brighton allowed Molango to pursue a move elsewhere. After a successful trial with Lincoln City, Keith Alexander signed Molango on 3 August on a season-long loan. He scored his first and only goal for Lincoln in a 5-1 League Cup victory over Crewe Alexandra on 23 August 2005. In December 2005, while still at Lincoln City, Brighton informed Molango that he did not have a future with the Seagulls. After being sent back to Brighton by Keith Alexander, he again went on loan, this time to UB Conquense for the remainder of the 2005–06 season. He debuted for the club in their 1-1 Segunda División B home draw with UD Almansa on 29 January 2006 and went on to make eight league appearances for the club without finding the net.At the start of the 2006–07 season, <mask>

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Maheta Matteo Molango
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 went on loan to League One side Oldham Athletic on a month's loan. On 12 August 2006, he scored his only goal for the Latics in a 1–0 win over Swansea City. After six appearances and one goal for the club, Oldham decided not to renew his loan. After returning to Brighton, Molango was given another chance under manager Dean Wilkins after Jake Robinson fell to an illness. However, Brighton lost to Carlisle United 3–1. Molango failed to impress Wilkins in the loss, who loaned him out to Wrexham the following week on a one-month loan. At Wrexham, Molango earned four starts including one in the FA Cup.However, his loan again was unrenewed, effectively sending him back to Brighton. After failing to make any more first-team appearances, Brighton and Molango agreed to part ways several months before his three-year contract was set to expire. The day after ending his career with Brighton, Molango signed with Conference National side Grays Athletic until the end of the 2006–07 season. However, after just two league appearances for the Essex club, he was released after just a month. <mask> represented Congo Under-21s, making six appearances for the team. Legal career
Following his release from Grays Athletic, he returned to Spain, trialling with Albacete Balompié in March 2007, UD Las Palmas in July 2007 and Lucena CF in August 2007. Having obtained a LL.B and B.A.Political Science from Charles III University of Madrid, he joined the employment law department of the Madrid office of Baker & McKenzie in April 2007. <mask> is a specialist in employment and sports law and was part of the Baker McKenzie Advisory Board. In January 2008 he moved to the United States to study for the LL.M program in International Legal Studies at the American University Washington

masks: Molango Molango


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 College of Law graduating in 2009 whilst also being the recipient of the college's Rubin Scholarship. Returning to Madrid and Baker & McKenzie, he played part-time football in the 2009–10 season for FC Villanueva del Pardillo
in group one of the Preferente before moving on to join their divisional counterparts Unión Adarve for the 2010–2011 season. He passed the New York bar examination in 2011. <mask> was seconded to Atlético Madrid in 2015, where he served as legal counsel. In his time at Atlético Madrid he focused on contract and transfer negations and within two transfer windows helped oversee 30 deals, including the sale of Mario Mandžukić to Juventus, Filipe Luís’ return from Chelsea, Yannick Carrasco’s switch from Monaco and Antoine Griezmann’s new deal.Fluent in English, Spanish, French, Italian and German, Maheta was twice named one of the best sports lawyers in Spain by international rankings company Chambers and Partners. RCD Mallorca
He was appointed the Chief Executive of RCD Mallorca in 2016 following the takeover by former NBA star Steve Nash and Phoenix Suns owner Robert Sarver. His four years at RCD Mallorca saw the club achieve back-to-back promotions from Segunda División B to La Liga. FIFA
<mask> was appointed Director of FIFA’s Diploma in Club management programme, which commenced in March 2021. In the role, he helps train executives, with speakers ranging from Arsène Wenger to Fabio Cannavaro. Professional Footballers' Association
From 1 June 2021, Molango was appointed as the Chief Executive of the Professional Footballers' Association (PFA) for England and Wales. In September 2021, Molango pledged to donate his brain as part of a concussion initiative which will research Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy and other


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 consequences of brain trauma in athletes.It was announced in October 2021 that <mask> and the PFA were calling on football stakeholders to establish an industry-wide care fund to support players living with dementia and other neurodegenerative conditions. The PFA outlined details of reforms to contracts in the women’s game in February 2022. Following negotiations with The FA, the PFA achieved three significant policy changes relating to maternity provision, injury and illness and the termination of contracts due to long term injury. The changes will apply to players in the Women's Super League (WSL) and the Women's Championship. Career statistics

References

External links

 Grays Athletic profile

1982 births
Living people
Swiss people of Democratic Republic of the Congo descent
Swiss footballers
Democratic Republic of the Congo international footballers
Democratic Republic of the Congo footballers
Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. players
Atlético Madrid footballers
UB Conquense footballers
Lincoln City F.C. players
Grays Athletic F.C.players
Wrexham A.F.C. players
SV Wacker Burghausen players
Expatriate footballers in Germany
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Charles III University of Madrid alumni
Association football forwards
Swiss expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in


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<mask> (born January 19, 1972) is a Swiss explorer and lecturer. He initiated and completed the first round-the-world trip using solar energy between September 2010 and May 2012 aboard the MS catamaran PlanetSolar. In 2015, he carried out the first polar solar navigation in the Arctic Ocean. He is the founder and pilot of the SolarStratos project, the first solar plane in the stratosphere. In August 2020, he made the first jump off of an electric plane and the first solar free fall. <mask> is a pilot, mountaineer, diver and parachutist. He is a member of the Explorer Club of New York as well as the Société des Explorateurs Français.Biography
<mask> <mask> was born on January 19, 1972 in Neuchâtel, Switzerland and raised in Lausanne. In 2001, he co-founded the company Horus Networks Sàrl, the world's first solar web server. In 2005, <mask> launched his first solar-powered round-the-world project. He founded PlanetSolar SA then, in 2007, the PlanetSolar Foundation. The PlanetSolar catamaran was built in Germany between 2008 and 2010, financed by the German entrepreneur Immo Stroeher. In 2007, he travelled between Martinique and Dominica in the expedition of the Sun 21, the first solar boat to cross the Atlantic using solar energy. On this occasion he probably made the first dive from a solar boat in history.He also participated in the crossing of the United States north/south with Louis Palmer aboard the SolarTaxi, a solar and electric car. Between 2010 and 2012, he made the first solar-powered round-the-world trip aboard PlanetSolar as the leader of the expedition. In 2012, <mask> became a speaker and member of the Global Speaker Association. Since then he has given lectures regarding his world tour and explaining the reasons which pushed him to go on it. In 2014, he brought together an international team and launched the SolarStratos mission, the objective of which was to reach the stratosphere with a solar plane. He plans to perform this record flight in 2023. In 2015, along with the sailor Anne Quemere, he attempted to make the first crossing of the

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Raphaël Domjan
Raphaël Domjan
Raphaël
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 Northwest Passage in a solar powered kayak.Unfortunately, the weather conditions were unfavorable and they had to turn back after 300 km. The expedition nevertheless constitutes the first solar polar navigation in history. On 25 August 2020, he jumped out of the SolarStratos HB-SXA solar plane in Payerne, Switzerland, with test pilot Miguel Iturmendi in command of the plane, the first jump off of an electric plane and the first free fall in solar history. He dropped several hundred meters and reached a speed of 150kmh. In 2021, he became the first pilot of an electric plane flight with a head of state. On September 14, 2021, they took off with a Pipistrel Velis128 operated by Elektropostal from Nice airport in France with H.S.H. Albert II, Prince of Monaco and they flew over the Principality of Monaco.The plane flew for 30 minutes at a maximum altitude of 900 feet. PlanetSolar

First world tour using solar energy
The MS Tûranor PlanetSolar is the largest solar boat built to date and the first to have sailed around the world powered by solar energy. Having left Monaco on 27 September 2010, the PlanetSolar and her crew followed a route close to the Equator. After passing through the Atlantic Ocean, Panama Canal, Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Suez Canal and Mediterranean, the boat reached Monaco on 4 May 2012. after 585 days and 60,006 km traveled. PlanetSolar crew members during the first solar world tour (2010-2012)
<mask> <mask> was the expedition leader of PlanetSolar during his round the world trip between 2010 and 2012. Patrick Marchesseau was the captain of PlanetSolar from Monaco to Nouméa, and Erwann le Rouzic took over from Nouméa until the return to the starting point, Monaco. They were accompanied by Jens Langwasser, a boatman, and Christian Oschenbein, an electrical engineer.Firsts and records
During its round-the-world trip, PlanetSolar achieved a number of firsts: the first solar-powered round-the-world trip, first trip around the world by solar boat, and first crossing of the Indian Ocean and Red Sea with solar energy. In terms of records,

masks: Raphaël Domjan


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 PlanetSolar is also the largest solar boat in the world, and is the solar vehicle that traveled the longest distance (60,023 km). Stamps
After the first round the world trip by solar boat, La Poste Monaco issued a postage stamp on the adventure PlanetSolar with a value of 77 centimes Euros representing PlanetSolar in Monaco. SolarStratos
SolarStratos is a project officially begun in March 2014 by <mask> <mask>. It is a two-seater solar plane built by Calin Gologan. <mask> <mask> plans with his team to achieve an absolute altitude record. The SolarStratos mission should allow <mask> <mask> to reach the stratosphere at more than 18,000 meters, an altitude never reached with a conventional propulsion aircraft.According to SolarStratos, this project would aim to demonstrate that renewable energy makes it possible to go beyond what is possible with conventional propulsion methods. The SolarStratos aircraft was unveiled to the public on December 7, 2016. Ultimately, and after the record flight planned for 2022, <mask> <mask> and the SolarStratos team wish to commercialize the technologies developed during the stratospheric mission, in particular by developing stratospheric solar drones. Publications
 Jaunin Roger, <mask> Raphaël (2010) -  « PlanetSolar », Lausanne: Favre, 144 pp. Jaunin Roger, <mask> Raphaël (2012) -  « PlanetSolar, Premier tour du monde à l’énergie solaire », Lausanne : Favre, 170 pp. Javet <mask>, <mask> Raphaël (2018) - « Pionniers et aventuriers de l'énergie solaire », Lausanne : Favre, 136 pp. Filmography
 À la poursuite du soleil (2012) - film-documentaire (52 minutes) réalisé par Olivier Vittel, produit par la Fondation PlanetSolar.SolarStratos « la naissance d’un rêve » (2021) – film documentaire (52 minutes) réalisé par Stéphane Chopard et Eric Beaufils et produit par Gédéon

References

External links
 Official website

 1972 births
 Swiss explorers
Proponents of solar energy
Living people
Swiss aviation record holders
People from Neuchâtel
People from Lausanne
Circumnavigators of the globe
Swiss skydivers
Swiss divers
21st-century

masks: Raphaël Domjan Raphaël Domjan Raphaël Domjan Raphaël Domjan Domjan Domjan Raphaëlle Domjan


texts:
<mask> (born November 10, 1949) is an American politician who served in the Nebraska Legislature and the United States House of Representatives from Nebraska's 2nd congressional district. After serving in the state legislature from 1987 to 1995, <mask> ran for the Republican nomination in Nebraska's 2nd congressional district, but was defeated. He returned to the state legislature in 2007 and served until 2015 when he successfully ran for the House of Representatives against incumbent Representative Lee Terry. After serving in the House of Representatives for two years he was defeated by Don Bacon and was later defeated in the Democratic primary in 2018 when he ran to reclaim his House seat. Early life

<mask> was born in Omaha, Nebraska, on November 10, 1949, to <mask> and Ellen Swanson. <mask> had served as a bomber during World War II and received a Distinguished Flying Cross. Ellen Swanson and her family had immigrated from Sweden and her father Otto Swanson had been a businessman in Omaha, Nebraska, who had helped with the formation of the National Conference of Christians and Jews due to local boycotts of Jewish businesses.<mask> attended Westside High School in Omaha and graduated in 1967. From 1968 to 1971, he attended and graduated from Colgate University with a BA. During his attendance at Colgate University he served as an intern for Senator Roman Hruska and attended an anti-Vietnam War rally. He later criticized Forrest Gump for its depiction of Abbie Hoffman, but stated that he still enjoyed the movie as "it was a travelogue of my early life". From 1971 to 1974, he attended and graduated from Creighton University with a Juris Doctor. From 1974 to 1975, he served as a staff attorney for the Federal Highway Administration. Career

Nebraska Legislature

1987–1995

In 1986, <mask> considered running for the Democratic nomination in Nebraska's 2nd congressional district against incumbent Republican Hal Daub.However, on January 15, he announced that he would run in the 6th district in the state legislature as more important decisions occurred at the state level and it would cost

masks:
John Bradley Ashford
Ashford
John Bradley Ashford
Don Ashford
Don Ashford
Ashford
Ashford


texts:
 less than a congressional campaign. On February 3, he formally announced his campaign. In the general election he received the support of the Democratic Party and defeated Republican-backed nominee Robert G. Cunningham. On January 7, 1987, <mask> was sworn into the state legislature and was appointed to serve on the Judiciary and Transportation committees for the 1987–1989 session. He was appointed to serve on the Appropriations and Executive Board committees during the 1989–1991 session. He was appointed to serve on the Appropriations committee and serve as the chairman of the Intergovernmental Cooperation committee during the 1993–1995 session. On July 31, 1987, Douglas County Commissioner Steve McCollister said that he and <mask> discussed <mask> switching to the Republican Party and running to succeed Hal Daub as the representative from Nebraska's 2nd congressional district.On August 3, <mask> admitted that he had discussed switching parties, but said that the discussion was theoretical and that he wouldn't run to succeed Daub if Cece Zorinsky ran for the Democratic nomination as polling showed her with 43% against <mask>'s 2%. On January 28, 1988, <mask> announced that he had changed his party affiliation to Republican with Governor Kay A. Orr at his side. He stated that he would support the Republican nominee in the Senate election, but the next day he was appointed onto the finance committee of Bob Kerrey's Democratic senatorial campaign. During the 1988 Republican presidential primaries <mask>, eighteen other Republican state legislators, and Lieutenant Governor William E. Nichol endorsed Senator Bob Dole. On February 22, 1990, he announced that he would seek reelection and no other candidates filed to run against him. Interlude

In 1995, <mask> and his wife supported Chuck Hagel in the Senate election and sponsored his fundraisers as he supported a ban on the sale of assault weapon and opposed abortion except in the cases of rape, incest, or threat to the mother's life. However, they withdrew their support after Hagel changed his positions to repealing assault weapon bans and

masks: Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford


texts:
 being against abortion in all cases except for a threat to the mother's life.During the 1996 Republican presidential primaries he supported Steve Forbes and ran as one of his delegates from the 2nd Congressional district. In 1997, he became a lobbyist to the Nebraska Unicameral and earned $500. 2007–2015

In 2005, he stated that he was considering to run for another term in the state legislature. He later announced that he would run in the 20th state district. In the general election he defeated Carol Casey. He was appointed to serve on the Education committee and as chairman of the Judicial committee during the 100th legislative session from 2007 to 2009. He was reappointed to serve on the Education committee and as chairman of the Judiciary committee during the 101st legislative session from 2009 to 2011.In 2014, it was speculated that he would either run for the Democratic nomination in the Senate election or for attorney general, but he did not run. During the 2014 Nebraska gubernatorial election he endorsed Democratic nominee Chuck Hassebrook. U.S. House of Representatives

1994

On August 14, 1993, <mask> announced that he would not seek reelection to the state legislature and that he was interested in running for the Republican nomination in Nebraska's 2nd congressional district. On October 2, he formally announced his intention to seek the Republican nomination in the district and stated that his priories would be to ban military-style assault weapons and focus on jobs and welfare reform. In the Republican primary he lost to Jon Lynn Christensen, who received over fifty percent of the popular vote, and narrowly came ahead of Ronald L. Staskiewicz. During the primary campaign he raised $145,715.00 and spent $146,002.00. After losing the congressional primary <mask> stated on May 11, 1994, that he was interested in running in the Omaha special mayoral election.On June 1, he announced that he would not run in the election. He later joined Brenda Council's mayoral campaign. 2014

On February 12, 2014, <mask> announced that he would run for the Democratic nomination in Nebraska's 2nd

masks: Ashford Ashford Ashford


texts:
 congressional district. He selected Kieran McCarney, the former communications director the AFL–CIO Nebraska affiliate, to serve as his campaign manager. He won the Democratic primary against Mark Aupperle. On October 17, 2014, the National Republican Congressional Committee released an advertisement tying <mask> to Nikko Jenkins as <mask> had supported legislation in the state legislature giving early prison release for good conduct. Ashley Lewis, a Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee spokeswoman, stated that the ad had "no place in America", <mask> stated that it was a desperate attack from Lee Terry's failing campaign, and former Republican National Committee Chairman Michael Steele called the ad racist.After the release of the NRCC ad he raised over $20,500. In the general election <mask> narrowly defeated Terry, who with Steve Southerland, were the only incumbent Republicans to lose reelection to a Democratic opponent during the 2014 House of Representatives elections. During the campaign he raised $1,246,958.11 and spent $1,231,468.32 while Terry's better funded campaign raised $3,106,288.30 and spent $3,084,768.22. 2016

On December 16, 2015, <mask> endorsed former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton for the Democratic presidential nomination. He faced no opposition in the Democratic primary. Although The Cook Political Report had predicted that Nebraska's 2nd congressional district would lean Democratic and <mask> had received more funding than his opponent <mask> narrowly lost to Republican nominee Don Bacon. <mask> was the first incumbent representative in the 2nd congressional district to lose reelection after one term in office since Eugene D. O'Sullivan in the 1950 election.During his victory speech Bacon praised <mask> as "an honorable man" and stated that he cried during <mask>'s concession speech. In 2018, <mask> accused Russian agents of hacking his emails during the 2016 election, after twelve indictments were announced by Robert Mueller. He stated that all of his email correspondence with the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee was obtained by Russian

masks: Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford


texts:
 hackers, but he did not believe that any information was given to Bacon or his campaign. 2018

<mask> considered running against Bacon again after he voted for the American Health Care Act of 2017 which would had partially repealed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. In June 2017, <mask> announced that he would seek the Democratic nomination to run against Bacon for another term. On September 20, <mask> formally announced his campaign at the Old Mattress Factory in Omaha, Nebraska, and filed to run in the election on January 30, 2018. During the campaign he received organizational and fundraising support from the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee as a member of the Red to Blue program.<mask> was also endorsed by Giffords, a gun control advocacy organization that was founded by former Representative Gabby Giffords and her husband Mark Kelly. However, in the Democratic primary he was narrowly defeated by Kara Eastman, who criticized him for having been a member of the Republican Party in the past, despite having outraised her with $571,000 to her $356,000. In the general election Eastman was narrowly defeated by Bacon. Committee assignments
 Committee on Agriculture
 Subcommittee on Nutrition
 Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities and Risk Management
 Committee on Armed Services
 Subcommittee on Strategic Forces
 Subcommittee on Intelligence, Emerging Threats and Capabilities

Later life

In February 2017, he was selected to serve as the head of Midtown 2050, an Omaha development group, but resigned in April as he felt that he wasn't fit for the position. On August 1, 2018, Douglas County District Judge <mask>, his brother, died from a stroke. In May 2019, <mask> was hospitalized after a fluid backup happened in his lungs due to blood clots. On February 1, 2019, Ann Ferlic, his wife, announced that she would run for the Democratic nomination in Nebraska's 2nd congressional district.During the primary campaign Ann was endorsed by former Senators Ben Nelson and Bob Kerrey and former Lieutenant Governor Kim M. Robak. Ann also claimed that she was the only electable

masks:
Ashford
Ashford
Ashford
Ashford
Mark Ashford
Ashford


texts:
 candidate citing Eastman's defeat to Bacon in 2018. In the Democratic primary, Eastman easily defeated Ann with over sixty percent of the popular vote. After Ann's defeat in the Democratic primary the <mask>s declined to endorse Eastman. In October, <mask> endorsed his former rival Bacon over Eastman. Political positions

In 1988, <mask>, Jerry Chizek, and Bernice Labedz sponsored legislation that would require all video-cassettes marketed to minors to be given a rating label. The bill was created in response to complaints that Faces of Death and other graphic movies lacked warning labels.In 1990, <mask> introduced an amendment that would allow the state legislature to confirm members of the appellate court, but it failed with twenty-one to eight voting against it. On April 3, 1991, he voted in favor of legislation altering Nebraska's method of electoral college allotment from winner-take-all to being distributed to the statewide winner and the winner of each congressional district. The legislation was later signed into law by Governor Ben Nelson. Health

In 1992, a legal challenge was brought against Pennsylvania's abortion laws. Thirteen governors, twelve lieutenant governors, seventeen attorneys general, nine hundred ninety-five state legislators signed a friend of the court brief to support a woman's right to get an abortion. <mask> and seven other Nebraskan senators signed the brief. In 2010, he proposed an amendment to an abortion bill to allow illegal immigrants to receive state-funded prenatal care.He cited reports showing the illegal immigrants were getting abortions as they lacked Medicaid coverage. On September 18, 2014, <mask> debated incumbent Representative Lee Terry and during the debate he stated that he would have voted against the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act as it lacked bipartisan support. <mask> later criticized Don Bacon after he voted for a partial repeal of the Affordable Care Act. Capital punishment

In 1987, the Judiciary committee voted five to two, with one member absent, in favor of advancing legislation introduced by Ernie Chambers that would

masks: Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford


texts:
 abolish the death penalty. <mask> voted in favor of advancing the legislation, but stated that he would not support it when it went to the floor vote. However, on April 27, the state legislature voted twenty-three to nineteen, with seven not voting, against the legislation with <mask> voting in favor. In 1992, he sponsored legislation created by Ernie Chambers to repeal the death penalty in Nebraska, but later withdrew his sponsorship.Civil rights

<mask> supports same-sex marriage. Before Obergefell v. Hodges he attempted to reach a middle ground on Nebraska's same-sex marriage ban by allowing civil unions. He praised the Supreme Court of the United States for its ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges that same-sex couples had the right to marry. Congressional salaries

In 2014, <mask> and Dave Loebsack introduced the Congressional Halt in Pay Increases and Cut Congressional Pay Act would decrease congressional salaries by ten percent and prohibit automatic salary increases. He, Gwen Graham, Scott Peters, and Ami Bera sponsored legislation that would withhold congressional salaries if the Department of Homeland Security shut down due to a lack of funding. Crime

In 1987, <mask> and Carol McBride Pirsch co-sponsored legislation that would force shoplifters to pay up to $150 to their victims. On April 15, Ernie Chambers attempted to kill the bill, but the legislature voted twenty-two to twelve against killing the bill.On April 29, the legislature voted unanimously with twenty-six in favor of the bill as Chambers was absent. On May 20, the legislature voted thirty-one to thirteen in favor of the legislation during the second round vote. Chambers made another motion to kill the bill, but the legislature voted twenty-eight to sixteen against his motion. Development

Ashford introduced legislation, with Senator Deb Fischer's sponsorship, to allow a public-private partnership to build a veterans medical facility in Omaha, Nebraska, with $56 million provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs and $80 million provided by private donors. The legislation was signed into law by President Barack Obama on

masks: Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford


texts:
 December 17, 2016. In 1989, he sponsored legislation to transition ownership of Joslyn Castle from the Omaha Public School District to the Nebraska State Historical Society. On February 5, 1990, the state legislature unanimously approved the legislation during the first round vote with twenty-six in favor.In 2015, he voted to approve the Keystone Pipeline. Gun control

On March 20, 1989, <mask> proposed an amendment to a drug penalty bill that would ban semi-automatic weapons, but Speaker Bill Barrett ruled that his proposed amendment was not germane. <mask> proposed another amendment that would ban the sale and manufacture of semi-automatic weapons a Class II felony with a punishment of one to fifty years in prison. However, Barrett ruled that the amendment was not germane and an attempt by <mask> to overrule his decision was defeated by a vote of twenty-six to fourteen. In 1992, he introduced legislation that would prohibit the possession of a gun at a school or youth center with a first offense being a Class IV felony with a fine up to $10,000 and up to five years in prison and more violations being a Class II felony with up to twenty years in prison. He introduced legislation that would make it a misdemeanor offense to store a gun within the reach of a child under the age of sixteen. However, the Judiciary Committee voted seven to one against the bill and when the bill was brought to the assembly on February 19, 1993, to bypass the Judiciary Committee it failed to receive the thirty votes needed.In 2007, Chambers proposed another bill repealing the death penalty and on March 20, the state legislature voted twenty-five to twenty-four against, with Ashford voting in favor. The execution process for Carey Dean Moore was restarted one week before the vote and his execution in 2018 was the first in the state since 1997. On February 22, 2018, Ashford stated that he would vote in favor of a federal ban on assault weapons. Nebraska Brady Bill

In 1989, <mask> introduced a bill that would require people attempting to purchase handguns to fill out forms asking for their criminal record and

masks: Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford


texts: mental health problems and institute a seven-day waiting period. On February 9, he announced that he would ask the state legislature to place a constitutional amendment onto the 1990 general election ballot that would repeal the 1989 right to bear arms ballot initiative as the 1989 ballot initiative would render his gun control legislation unconstitutional. The Judiciary committee voted five to two in favor of advancing the bill and the constitutional amendment although Ernie Chambers filed a motion to kill the bill which failed with five to two against. From January 15 to 17, 1990, National Research Corporation conducted a poll of 450 Nebraskans on their opinion of Ashford's handgun control legislation.On January 23, The Lincoln Star published the poll which showed with a 4.6% margin of error that 87% approved, 11% disapproved, and 2% had no opinion. On party lines 88% of Republicans, 87% of Democrats, and 73% of independents approved and the congressional districts ranged from 78% approval in the 3rd congressional district, 90% in the 1st congressional district, and 91% in the 2nd congressional district. In January 1990, <mask> campaigned in Wisconsin against a right to bear arms amendment and criticized Nebraska's 1989 ballot initiative at a Madison, Wisconsin news conference. Attorney General Robert M. Spire, Representative Peter Hoagland, and Handgun Control, Inc. vice-chair <mask>, who referred to the legislation as the "Nebraska Brady Bill", supported the legislation. On March 8, a compromise amendment reducing the waiting period to two days and it was approved with twenty-five to ten in favor. However, during first round voting later that day the state legislature voted twenty-one to twenty-one, with seven members not voting, failing to reach the twenty-five votes needed. In 1991, <mask> reintroduced legislation that would impose a two-day waiting period for handgun purchases.On February 5, the Judiciary committee voted five to one in favor of advancing the bill. He considered proposing an amendment to his bill to limit its effects to only Douglas, Lancaster, and Sarpy counties.

masks:
Ashford
Sarah Brady
Ashford


texts:
 On March 28, Jerry Chizek proposed an amendment, that was approved with twenty-six to sixteen in favor, which would require an annual permit from local law enforcement. On April 8, Ashford asked the state legislature to defer debate on his bill until May 8 and his request was accept with thirty voting unanimously in favor. On May 16, the state legislature voted thirty-one to five in favor of a compromised bill during first round voting. The new bill had a two-day waiting period, the certificates to purchase handguns would be valid for three years rather than one, and the certificates could only be denied based on a person's criminal and mental history and their immigration status. On June 5, the state legislature voted thirty-four to eleven in favor of the bill during the second round vote.Immigration

In 2008, legislation was proposed on the behalf of Governor Dave Heineman and Attorney General Jon Bruning that would have required local and state agencies to verify the immigration status of people seeking benefits. The Judiciary committee vote five to one in favor of killing the bill and <mask> later referred to the legislation as "partisan communications". <mask> later criticized Republicans for spreading pamphlets and robocalls that attacked Steve Lathrop for abstaining from the Judiciary committee vote. In 2009, he introduced legislation to prohibit businesses from knowingly hiring illegal immigrants and would require employers to confirm employees using E-Verify after December 31, 2010. Electoral history

References

External links

 <mask> for Congress campaign website

|-

1949 births
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
American people of Swedish descent
Colgate University alumni
Creighton University School of Law alumni
Lawyers from Omaha, Nebraska
Living people
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Nebraska
Nebraska Democrats
Nebraska Independents
Nebraska Republicans
Nebraska state senators
Politicians from Omaha, Nebraska
United States Department of Transportation officials
Democratic Party members of the United States

masks:
Ashford
Ashford
Brad Ashford


texts: <mask> (, ; 22 January 184914 May 1912) was a Swedish playwright, novelist, poet, essayist and painter. A prolific writer who often drew directly on his personal experience, <mask> wrote more than sixty plays and more than thirty works of fiction, autobiography, history, cultural analysis, and politics during his career, which spanned four decades. A bold experimenter and iconoclast throughout, he explored a wide range of dramatic methods and purposes, from naturalistic tragedy, monodrama, and history plays, to his anticipations of expressionist and surrealist dramatic techniques. From his earliest work, <mask> developed innovative forms of dramatic action, language, and visual composition. He is considered the "father" of modern Swedish literature and his The Red Room (1879) has frequently been described as the first modern Swedish novel. In Sweden, <mask> is known as an essayist, painter, poet, and especially as a novelist and playwright, but in other countries he is known mostly as a playwright. The Royal Theatre rejected his first major play, Master Olof, in 1872; it was not until 1881, when he was thirty-two, that its première at the New Theatre gave him his theatrical breakthrough.In his plays The Father (1887), Miss Julie (1888), and Creditors (1889), he created naturalistic dramas that – building on the established accomplishments of Henrik Ibsen's prose problem plays while rejecting their use of the structure of the well-made play – responded to the call-to-arms of Émile Zola's manifesto "Naturalism in the Theatre" (1881) and the example set by André Antoine's newly established  (opened 1887). In Miss Julie, characterisation replaces

masks:
Johan August Strindberg
Strindberg
Strindberg
Strindberg


texts: plot as the predominant dramatic element (in contrast to melodrama and the well-made play) and the determining role of heredity and the environment on the "vacillating, disintegrated" characters is emphasized. Strindberg modeled his short-lived Scandinavian Experimental Theatre (1889) in Copenhagen on Antoine's theatre and he explored the theory of Naturalism in his essays "On Psychic Murder" (1887), "On Modern Drama and the Modern Theatre" (1889), and a preface to Miss Julie, the last of which is probably the best-known statement of the principles of the theatrical movement. During the 1890s he spent significant time abroad engaged in scientific experiments and studies of the occult. A series of apparent psychotic attacks between 1894 and 1896 (referred to as his "Inferno crisis") led to his hospitalization and return to Sweden. Under the influence of the ideas of Emanuel Swedenborg, he resolved after his recovery to become "the Zola of the Occult". In 1898 he returned to play-writing with To Damascus, which, like The Great Highway (1909), is a dream-play of spiritual pilgrimage.His A Dream Play (1902) – with its radical attempt to dramatize the workings of the unconscious by means of an abolition of conventional dramatic time and space and the splitting, doubling, merging, and multiplication of its characters – was an important precursor to both expressionism and surrealism. He also returned to writing historical drama, the genre with which he had begun his play-writing career. He helped to run the Intimate Theatre from 1907, a small-scale theatre, modeled on Max Reinhardt's , that staged his chamber plays (such as The Ghost Sonata).


texts:
 Biography

Youth

Strindberg was born on 22 January 1849 in Stockholm, Sweden, the third surviving son of Carl Oscar Strindberg (a shipping agent) and Eleonora Ulrika Norling (a serving-maid). In his autobiographical novel The Son of a Servant, Strindberg describes a childhood affected by "emotional insecurity, poverty, religious fanaticism and neglect". When he was seven, Strindberg moved to Norrtullsgatan on the northern, almost-rural periphery of the city. A year later the family moved near to Sabbatsberg, where they stayed for three years before returning to Norrtullsgatan.He attended a harsh school in Klara for four years, an experience that haunted him in his adult life. He was moved to the school in Jakob in 1860, which he found far more pleasant, though he remained there for only a year. In the autumn of 1861, he was moved to the Stockholm Lyceum, a progressive private school for middle-class boys, where he remained for six years. As a child he had a keen interest in natural science, photography, and religion (following his mother's Pietism). His mother, Strindberg recalled later with bitterness, always resented her son's intelligence. She died when he was thirteen, and although his grief lasted for only three months, in later life he came to feel a sense of loss and longing for an idealized maternal figure. Less than a year after her death, his father married the children's governess, Emilia Charlotta Pettersson.According to his sisters, <mask> came to regard them as his worst enemies. He passed his graduation examination in May 1867 and enrolled at the Uppsala University, where he began on 13 September. <mask> spent the next few years

masks: Strindberg Strindberg


texts:
 in Uppsala and Stockholm, alternately studying for examinations and trying his hand at non-academic pursuits. As a young student, <mask> also worked as an assistant in a pharmacy in the university town of Lund in southern Sweden. He supported himself in between studies as a substitute primary-school teacher and as a tutor for the children of two well-known physicians in Stockholm. He first left Uppsala in 1868 to work as a schoolteacher, but then studied chemistry for some time at the Institute of Technology in Stockholm in preparation for medical studies, later working as a private tutor before becoming an extra at the Royal Theatre in Stockholm. In May 1869, he failed his qualifying chemistry examination which in turn made him uninterested in schooling.1870s
<mask> returned to Uppsala University in January 1870 to study aesthetics and modern languages and to work on a number of plays. It was at this time that he first learnt about the ideas of Charles Darwin. He co-founded the Rune Society, a small literary club whose members adopted pseudonyms taken from runes of the ancient Teutonic alphabet – <mask> called himself Frö (Seed), after the god of fertility. After abandoning a draft of a play about Eric XIV of Sweden halfway through in the face of criticism from the Rune Society, on 30 March he completed a one-act comedy in verse called In Rome about Bertel Thorvaldsen, which he had begun the previous autumn. The play was accepted by the Royal Theatre, where it premièred on 13 September 1870. As he watched it performed, he realised that it was not good and felt like drowning himself, though the reviews published the following day were generally

masks: Strindberg Strindberg Strindberg