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<mask> (13 September 1872 – 29 February 1916) was a British campaigner for the Women's Suffrage movement. She was a fundraiser and Voluntary Aid Detachment (VAD) worker during the First World War, and an active member of the Women's Liberal Federation. Background

Bohemian glass merchant's daughter
<mask> was born <mask> on 13 September 1872 at 10 St. Johns Villas, Brixton Road, Brixton, London. She was the eldest daughter of Gustave Strauss, a successful German-speaking Bohemian glass merchant  and patented inventor, who emigrated to Britain and later became a naturalised British subject. <mask>'s father was born in 1843 in Gablonz, North Bohemia, a town in the Czech Republic known for glass and jewellery production. <mask>'s mother was Frances Lehmaier (b. 1852 New York, USA; d. 1893 London, England).<mask> was the elder sister of Bernard Edwin Strauss (born 1874) and Lily Julia Strauss (1877-1955), who later married George May, 1st Baron May, and became Lady Lily Julia May, 1st Baroness of Weybridge. Early years

1881: Bleak House, Brixton
In 1881, <mask> (8) was living with her father (38) and mother (29) in Bleak House, 7 Elgin Gardens, Effra Road, Brixton, in the Borough of Lambeth, London. She lived there with her brother Bernard Edwin (6 yrs) and sister Lily (4 yrs). Their household was run by four domestic servants and a cook. 1891: Kensington
By 3 April 1891, aged 18, <mask> had moved to 2 West Bolton Gardens, Kensington, London—with her parents. No-one is listed as head of the household on that day as her parents were not present for census purposes. There were six servants looking after the household.Marriage

On 15 October 1896, <mask> Strauss, a twenty-four-year-old spinster from West Kensington, married the 43-year-old bachelor, former Liberal MP for Camborne,

masks:
Florence Annie Conybeare
Florence Conbeare
Florence Annie Strauss
Florence
Florence
Florence
Florence
Florence Strauss
Florence Annie


type: original

texts:
 Cornwall, and practising barrister, Charles Augustus Vansittart Conybeare. The marriage was conducted in accordance with to the rites and ceremonies of the Theistic Church. The service was officiated by Charles Voysey, a freethinking Yorkshire vicar who was deposed for publishing heretical sermons and for denying the doctrine of everlasting hell. The church was situated in Swallow Street, Piccadilly, in the District of Westminster, London. <mask>'s brother and sister, Bernard and Lily, also got married in the same Theistic Church in 1900 and 1903, respectively. Marriage settlement
On marriage, <mask> became the 'beneficial owner' of, among other properties, the Tregullow Offices, a small dwelling and former mine office  in Scorrier in the County of Cornwall, as part of a marriage settlement which her husband, Charles A.V<mask>, arranged with various parties including the wealthy merchant banker Isaac Seligman.The marriage settlement was effected by means of a Deed of Trust signed by three moneylenders, two of whom had attended the same public school as Charles Conybeare: Tonbridge School, in Kent, and one family member (uncle). "In those days, a marriage settlement was settled upon the marriage." Such settlements can be compared to prenuptials and should not be confused with financial settlements made on the dissolution of a marriage. In those days, it was a convenient way for a husband-to-be to make adequate financial provision for his wife-to-be. This prevented a wife from otherwise becoming destitute as a result of the husband deserting his wife, or from having to resort to prostitution in order to support herself. 1896 Deed of Trust

Background
On 11 March 1891, Florence's husband Charles Conybeare conveyed various properties  by way of a mortgage to William Henry Luard

masks:
Florence
Florence Conybeare
. Conybeare


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 Pattisson and to the parties referred to in Point 2 of the 1896 Deed of Trust. In this mortgage arrangement, <mask> was able to secure a loan of £3,000 from his moneylenders, using the properties as collateral for the loan and the repayment of interest on the outstanding loan.Deed of Trust
On 14 October 1896, the day before <mask> got married, Charles A. V. Conybeare placed those "various properties" including the Tregullow Offices (known together as "the estate") in trust—which properties were still subject to a mortgage—to Henry Grant Madan <mask> (Charles's brother and JP) and merchant banker Isaac Seligman. As a result, <mask> and Isaac Seligman became the legal owners and trustees of the estate. This construction enabled <mask> to confer financial benefits to <mask>, so that when parts of the estate were sold, she would be entitled to a share of the proceeds. The Deed of Trust that was drawn up to make this possible, recognised four interested parties:
1. Charles A.V. Conybeare (husband and trustor). 2.Jacob Luard Pattisson (civil servant), James Jollie Pattisson (teacher) and Bixby Garnham Luard (vicar and uncle to the first two): the mortgagees (read: moneylenders). 3. Charles A.V. Conybeare and <mask> Conybeare (beneficial owners). 4. Isaac Seligman and Henry Grant Madan Conybeare (legal owners and trustees). "Although <mask> and Isaac Seligman became the owners of the legal estate the moment it was conveyed to them in 1896, they never actually owned the properties themselves.They simply held on to the properties in trust as part of a marriage settlement, and were only entitled to act on the couple's instructions", not independently of them. Florence sells property interest
On 21 July 1902, <mask> was a co-signatory to the 1902 Deed of Conveyance (Indenture) which

masks:
Charles Conybeare
Florence
Conybeare
Henry Conybeare
Charles Conybeare
Florence Conybeare
Florence Annie
Henry Conybeare
Florence Conybeare


texts:
 instructed Isaac Seligman and <mask> to sell her beneficial interest in one of the estate's properties, namely, the Tregullow Offices. In doing so, she effectively sold that property with her husband, for £170, to a mining engineer called Charles Rule Williams, who had recently returned from Mexico after working 15 years in silver mines at Zimapan. The new owner changed the name of the property to Zimapan Villa. Marital homes
<mask> and Charles Conybeare lived the first part of their married life in the fashionable part of London at No. 3 Carlyle Mansions, Cheyne Walk, Chelsea, in a flat overlooking the Thames. She lived very close to another Women's Rights campaigner, Sylvia Pankhurst, who lived down the road at No.120 Cheyne Walk. In 1891, <mask> and Charles Conybeare MP Camborne, Cornwall, moved to Tregullow House, Scorrier, Cornwall, a country pile owned by John Williams the 5th, a direct descendant of the Williams mining-moguls' dynasty. She remained there in Cornwall until at least 1902. The couple later moved to Oakfield Park in Dartford, Kent. Women's suffrage

1907: Women's Enfranchisement Bill

<mask> was an active organiser, supporter and voice within the Women's Suffrage movement. <mask> had supported Mr. W.H. Dickenson's Women's Enfranchisement Bill which received its first reading on 8 March 1907.Up till then, married women living in the same house were not regarded as 'joint owners' of that property in the eyes of the law. The Dickenson Bill proposed that husband and wife living under the same roof should both be considered as 'joint occupiers' of the property which, as a consequence, would give married women equal status with men and the right to vote. 1908: Women's Suffrage: A Liberal Principle
In her ‘treatise’ Some Objections Answered published in 1908, in

masks:
Henry Conybeare
Florence
Florence
Florence Conybeare
Florence Conybeare


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 which she claimed that "Women’s Suffrage is essentially a Liberal principle", <mask> (aka: Mrs C.A.V. Conybeare) wrote a reply to an article written by Edith Calkin, one of the women critics of Women's Suffrage. She rebuked Calkin for wanting to deny women political recognition and argued why women should be given the right to vote, and aired her objections to Edith Calkin's approach to women's rights. The inequities of legislation
 <mask> referred to Mr Dickenson's 'Women's Suffrage Bill of 1907' [ed. Women’s Enfranchisement Bill], which, if passed, would treat married women as 'joint occupier' of a dwelling, and chided Calkin for ignoring recent legislative developments concerning Women's Suffrage.Conybeare believed that all women should be eligible to vote, irrespective of any 'property qualification'. It was not right that women who paid rates and taxes had no right to decide how money is spent; taxation and representation belonged together. The Married Woman’s Property Act of 1882, she wrote, was "very unsatisfactory for women", especially given the fact that married woman typically ran 16-hour days multitasking for their husbands, and any savings a woman made while running a home were the property of her husband. The Law of Divorce "treated men and women differently, making it far easier for a husband to divorce his wife than for a wife to rid herself of a bad husband". She objected to married women being barred from voting in municipal elections. Women should be allowed to vote so they can help run the country, and pointed to the "very active part" women have played in the country's political life, and said that the last General Election [ed. 1906] "had been fought as much by men as women", thanks to the Women's Liberal Associations and the Primrose League, whose work had

masks:
Florence Conybeare
Florence Conybeare


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 been used by all the political parties.The plight of working women
 Conybeare rebukes Calkin's claim that women's place is in the home, and for failing to address the issue of women's pay. Conybeare defined 'sweated labour' as "a woman who is paid less than a man for the same work". While highlighting the drudgery of working women, Conybeare asserted that "women of leisure have a duty to fight for the rights of the working woman". She urged working women to unite and lobby for Women's Suffrage because it was not only for their own good, but also because it would "raise the status of working women", especially as "the status of the poorest class of male worker had vastly improved" once he had been granted the right to vote in 1884". 1913: Suffragist meeting at Dartford
On 24 July 1913, a meeting of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies was held in a meadow in Bullace Lane where the Australian suffragist, Miss Muriel Matters, had been invited to address a gathering on the subject of votes for women. The event was organised by, and presided over by, <mask> of Oakfield Park, Dartford, Kent, whose husband Charles Conybeare had been a Liberal MP from 1885 until 1895. <mask> kicked off the meeting by mounting the wagon which was being used as a stage.Her introduction made it clear that they were not militant suffragists, and that they sought to make changes by argument rather than by force. Speech: Australian vs. British suffragism

Muriel Matters, who had been sentenced to a month in Holloway Prison for obstruction, having earlier chained herself to a grille in the House of Commons, arrived by car with her entourage, as part of a publicity tour around the area, termed a 'pilgrimage'. In her speech, she contrasted the situation in this country with that in Australia where

masks:
Florence Conybeare
Florence


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 women already had the vote [ed. in 1902, see Women's suffrage in Australia], pointing out that women in Britain were being treated in the same way as criminals, foreigners and lunatics, despite having to pay taxes. The journalist who reported on the event believed that most people who turned up for the meeting were not actually interested in votes for women at all, but had instead come to witness any trouble if there was any. The only violence on the day of the Dartford meeting, however, was a stone which was thrown at the wagon from a neighbouring backyard, but no damage was caused. At the end of the speech, <mask>are invited Councillor W.H.D.King to give the vote of thanks. He said that he felt ashamed that he had the vote while they did not, but thanked the party for recognising Dartford as a place of importance worth visiting. Civic work

Voluntary Aid Detachment
Florence Conybeare was actively engaged in Voluntary Aid Detachment work at Charing Cross Hospital, London. On 13 January 1916, when Lady Henry Grosvenor held a meeting at the new YMCA Hut at Dartford, <mask> was present in VAD uniform. "Whatever she took up, Mrs Conybeare did thoroughly and with a will". Fundraising for the Western Front
Florence Conybeare was actively involved in fundraising in Dartford during the First World War. "As the grim reality developed in France, an appeal went out from Florence Conybeare, to 'all Florence's'.Her plan was to raise money to purchase and equip an ambulance which would be sent to the Western Front which would be used to move wounded British soldiers—referred to as "the devoted sons of our Empire" on Florence's memorial stone—from the battlegrounds back to the field hospitals. Not only did she want this done, she wanted volunteers called "<mask>s" to "man" the ambulance in

masks:
Florence Conybe
Florence
Florence


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 France! She managed to raise the money, but she never got her wish to man the ambulance with Florence's. Women's Liberal Association
<mask> was President of the Dartford Women's Liberal Association [ed. Federation], and had largely been responsible for the setting up and running of the Babies Club. Last days

<mask> died at her father's home in 2 West Bolton Gardens, Kensington, London, on 29 February 1916, aged 43. She left no issue.During the preceding 18 months, she had been in failing health, but no-one had anticipated her sudden demise from pneumonia. Her husband, Charles Conybeare, was unfortunately at Canterbury at the time. <mask> was cremated and a memorial service was held for her in London. She was buried in the cemetery of St Mary the Virgin Church, Fryerning, Ingatestone, Essex, and lies close to <mask>'s parents. <mask> had a large obelisk-shaped memorial erected in her memory, which is mounted upon a square stone plinth, and devised the following poignant inscription:

Memorial
Here rest the ashes of <mask>
The beloved wife of Charles Augustus Vansittart Conybeare
Late of 'Tregullow', Cornwall
Who gave her life in devoted service to the gallant sons of our Empire
She passed into immortality
on February 29th 1916
aged 43
She is not dead

Afterword
On 18 August 1916, probate was granted on <mask>'s will in London to her husband Charles A.V. Conybeare. <mask> died a wealthy lady, leaving effects totalling £5,392 6s 2d, which in today's money [2010] is equivalent to £232,193.Endnotes

References

Further reading
1. What is Bohemian glass? 2. Grace's Guide to British Industrial History: John William the 3rd Cornish mining mogul and entrepreneur. 1872 births
1916 deaths
English suffragists
British women in World War I
Women of the Victorian era
Legal documents
Deaths

masks:
Florence
Florence Conbeare
Florence
Charles Conybeare
Charles Conybeare
Florence Annie
Florence Conbeare
Florence


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<mask><mask> (1904–1990) was the founder of the modern Servant leadership movement and the Greenleaf Center for Servant Leadership. <mask> was born in Terre Haute, Indiana in 1904. After graduating from Carleton College in Minnesota, he went to work for AT&T, then the American Telephone and Telegraph Company. For the next forty years he researched management, development, and education. All along, he felt a growing suspicion that the power-centered authoritarian leadership style so prominent in U.S. institutions was not working, and in 1964 he took an early retirement to found the Greenleaf Center for Servant Leadership (first called the "Center for Applied Ethics"). Philosophy
According to his essay, "Essentials of Servant Leadership", <mask>'s philosophy had its roots from reading a work of fiction in 1958: "The idea of the servant as leader came out of reading Hermann Hesse’s Journey to the East. In this story, we see a band of men on a mythical journey… The central figure of the story is Leo, who accompanies the party as the servant who does their menial chores, but who also sustains them with his spirit and his song.He is a person of extraordinary presence. All goes well until Leo disappears. Then the group falls into disarray and the journey is abandoned. They cannot make it without the servant Leo. The narrator, one of the party, after some years of wandering, finds Leo and is taken into the Order that had sponsored the journey. There he discovers that Leo, whom he had known first as servant, was in fact the titular head of the Order, its guiding spirit, a great and noble leader." His essay "Servant as

masks:
Robert K
. Greenleaf
Greenleaf
Greenleaf


texts:
 Leader" inspires people all over the world.A conceptual framework that is helpful for understanding servant-leadership is found in the “Ten Characteristics of the Servant-Leader” described by Larry Spears (1998). Spears distills <mask>'s (1977/2002) instrumental means into ten characteristics: listening, empathy, healing, awareness, persuasion, conceptualization, foresight, stewardship, commitment to the growth of people, and building community (pp. 3–6). It is important to note that these characteristics are not simply traits or skills possessed by the leader; a century of research has rejected what Bass and Stogdill (1990) referred to as an “approach [that] tended to treat personality variables in an atomistic fashion, suggesting that each trait acts singly to determine the effects of leadership” (p. 87). Rather, servant-leadership is an ethical perspective on leadership that identifies key moral behaviors that leaders must continuously demonstrate in order to make progress on <mask>'s (1977/2002) “best test.”  The “best test,” which gives us the ethical ends for action, combined with Spears’ distillation of traits that identified the means, create a powerful framework for a review of the literature that furthers the conceptual framework for servant-leadership. Works
<mask> was captivated by the idea of a servant actually being the leader. In "Essentials" he wrote, “As it was, the idea lay dormant for 11 years during which I came to believe that we in this country were in a leadership crisis and that I should do what I could about it.”  In 1970 <mask> published his first essay, entitled "The Servant As

masks: Greenleaf Greenleaf Greenleaf Greenleaf


texts:
 Leader", which introduced the term "servant leadership."Later, the essay was expanded into a book, which is perhaps one of the most influential management texts yet written. The Servant Leadership movement was born. Of his philosophy, <mask> wrote in "Essentials",
"The servant-leader is servant first... Becoming a servant-leader begins with the natural feeling that one wants to serve, to serve first. Then conscious choice brings one to aspire to lead. That person is sharply different from one who is leader first... The difference manifests itself in the care taken by the servant first to make sure that other people's highest priority needs are being served.The best test, and the most difficult to administer, is this: Do those served grow as persons? Do they, while being served, become healthier, wiser, freer, more autonomous, more likely themselves to become servants?" "A fresh critical look is being taken at the issues of power and authority, and people are beginning to learn, however haltingly, to relate to one another in less coercive and more creatively supporting ways. A new moral principle is emerging, which holds that the only authority deserving of one’s allegiance is that which is freely and knowingly granted by the led to the leader in response to, and in proportion to, the clearly evident servant stature of the leader. Those who choose to follow this principle will not casually accept the authority of existing institutions. Rather, they will freely respond only to individuals who are chosen as leaders because they are proven and trusted as servants. To the extent that this principle prevails in the


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 future, the only truly viable institutions will be those that are predominantly servant led"  [italics original]
<mask> (2002) felt strongly that his  “best test” should apply to all of our institutions.His “best test,” which he knew would be hard to grade, is stated:
Do those served grow as persons? Do they, while being served [italics original], become healthier, wiser, freer, more autonomous, more likely themselves to become servants? And [italics original], what is the effect on the least privileged in society? Will they benefit or at least not be further deprived?. Implementing <mask>'s ideas in modern American institutions is anathema to many leaders and followers, who desire a different paradigm that is based on coercive power and control rather than legitimate power based on mutual agreements. <mask>'s book, however, is the text for anyone interested in connecting the two often disparate terms, servant and leader. His work addressed these two questions in particular: How can leaders serve people?What is the source of legitimate power? Consulting work
Through the next twenty-five years <mask> served as a consultant to such notable institutions as MIT, the American Foundation for Management Research, and Lilly Endowment, Inc. He continued writing, fine-tuning his ideas and focusing them on several different areas of leadership. For example, to apply Servant Leadership to an organizational level, he wrote "The Institution as Servant". For educators he wrote "The Leadership Crisis: A Message for College and University Faculty" and "Teacher as Servant". Other writings targeted seminaries, personal growth,


texts:
 religious leaders, and trustees, among others. Legacy
Greenleaf influenced a whole generation.In 1985, the Center for Applied Ethics changed its name to the "Greenleaf Center for Servant Leadership". Though <mask> died in 1990, the Center continued his work; in 1996 it published two posthumous essay collections (available at Greenleaf.org). Today scores of colleges and universities include Servant Leadership in their curricula and hundreds of companies embrace Greenleaf's philosophy. As <mask> strived to serve through education, he became the leader of a movement. Notes

Further reading

Bass, B. M., and Stogdill, R. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill's Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research, and Managerial Applications (3rd ed.). New York:Free Press.Frick, Don M. (2004). <mask><mask>: A Life of Servant Leadership. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers. <mask>, R.K. (2003). The Servant-Leader Within:  a Transformative Path New York: Paulist Press. <mask>, R. K. (2002). Servant Leadership: A Journey into the Nature of Legitimate Power and Greatness (25th anniversary ed.).New York: Paulist Press. Hesse, H. (2003). The Journey to the East (H. Rosner, Trans.). New York: Picador. (Original work published in 1932). Spears, L. C., ed (1998). Insights on Leadership: Service, stewardship, spirit, and servant-leadership.New York: Wiley. Warneka, T. H., (2008). Black Belt Leader, Peaceful Leader: An Introduction to Catholic Servant Leadership. Ohio: Asogomi. External links
Robert K. Greenleaf Center

1904 births
1990 deaths
People from Terre Haute, Indiana
Carleton College alumni
American consultants
American

masks:
Greenleaf
Greenleaf
Robert K
. Greenleaf
Greenleaf
Greenleaf


texts:
<mask>kaya,  –23 January 1981) was a Belarusian teacher, poet and nationalist, who worked for an independent Belarus in the interwar period. Founding some of the first schools that taught in the Belarusian language, her teaching career was interrupted with her arrest for her underground activities against the Polish government. When the Soviet Union took control of the area, during World War II, she returned to teaching, establishing schools which taught a Belarusian curriculum in several cities. At the end of the war, she fled to Poland to escape a resurgence in threats against former nationalist activists. She worked in a kindergarten for five years in Silesia and then returned to Supraśl, where she served as the head of the city library and later on the Białystok District Council. She was a socialist and is considered to be one of the founders of the Belarusian women's movement. Early life
<mask> () was born on 24 March 1896 in Supraśl, which at the time was located in the Russian Empire, to Anna (née Vishnevskaya) and Ignatius Mateychuk.Mateychuk's maternal grandfather had been a runaway serf who adopted the name of Nikolai Vishnevsky, when he arrived in Supraśl; his original name was Mikhail Domanovsky. Having a large family of ten children and a small plot of land, Ignatius often had to seek employment at some distance from home. By the time Mateychuk was two or three, the family relocated to Ogrodniczki, a village eight kilometers from Białystok. She received her primary education in Ogrodniczki and attended a secondary girls' school in Supraśl. Career

Teaching
Without adequate funds to pursue further education, Mateychuk went to work in a textile factory. Conditions were poor and she organized a labor strike, but the factory hired strikebreakers and fired those who had

masks:
Vera Ignatyevna Maslovskayaslous
Vera Ignatyevna Mateychuk


texts: participated. Mateychuk found a position as a domestic worker for the family of Johann Maruszewski, a German manufacturer's supervisor.Though not paid well, she earned enough money to enroll in correspondence courses from the Normal School at Svislach. By working in the day and studying evenings, Mateychuk was able to prepare for the exams just before World War I broke out. Her father took her on the two-day journey east to Svislach. She passed the examinations receiving her diploma in 1914, though she was unable to find work due to the war. When the Russians withdrew in 1915, the Germans passed a law that education could commence in the language of the native population. Mateychuk returned to Svislach to take pedagogy training at the newly established Belarusian teacher's seminary (be). As there were sufficient teachers in Białystok, in 1917, she was sent to teach in the Grodno Region in the village of Grabowiec (now Hajnowka district in Poland).She spent two years in that community, establishing one of the first schools to teach in the Belarusian language. As World War I ended, the Russian Empire collapsed leading to the Russian Revolution. States which had previously been part of the Russian Empire asserted their autonomy. The Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR) was declared on 1 January 1919. The following month, it was merged with Lithuania into Litbel, officially the Lithuanian-Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic. Litbel was dissolved in April after the Polish Army took over all the lands of Litbel during the Polish–Soviet War, declaring its territory to be part of Poland. Within this backdrop, Mateychuk moved to Vilnius in 1919 to enroll in courses offered by the Belarusian Scientific Society, which offered  the first Belarusian teacher-training classes on Belarusian


texts:
 linguistics, literature, history.She became politically active, joining the Belarusian Socialist Revolutionary Party (be), which favored Belarusian nationalism and opposed the Polish regime. Political agitation and nationalism
After graduating from the Vilnius course, she taught in the Barisav and Disna Districts of Minsk province between 1919 and 1920. On 12 February 1920, she married a Belarusian soldier, Vladislav Maslovsky, who was a captain in the Polish Army. Within a few months, her husband died at the front and in June of the same year, she published her first poem Idzy! in the newspaper Belarus. Around the same time, she founded the Central Union of Belarusian Women, though the organization didn't last long as it was closed by the Bolshevik forces when they entered Minsk over the summer. With Soviet control of the area established, on 1 August 1920, the BSSR was re-established in Minsk and Maslovskaya began working as an inspector for the Komissariat of Education.This position was brief, as by the end of the year, she had returned to Ogrodniczki and was working with the Belarusian People's Republic. Her instructions were to develop an underground organization with the goal of uniting all of the lands where Belarusians lived into an independent state. Maslovskaya was responsible for organizing forces opposed to both Russian and Polish rule in the areas of Bielsk Podlaski, Białystok, and Sokółka County. She quickly established a network of followers, which was joined by a partisan detachment led by , and began to hold meetings with Vaclau Lastouski in the Lithuanian border town of Merkinė. In March 1921, at the end of the Polish–Soviet War, negotiators signed the Treaty of Riga, which partitioned Belarusian territories between Poland and the USSR. Though the BSSR was not dissolved,


texts:
 its foreign policy was determined by Moscow. In response, the All-Belarusian National-Political Convention, was held in Prague in September to discuss the terms of the treaty.<mask> was sent as the delegate of the Białystok area and proposed a resolution to fight for the unification and independence of all Belarusian lands and denounce the partition. Though the convention did not adopt instituting armed conflict, they did pass <mask>'s proposal. Reaction from the Polish authorities was swift, and they began to infiltrate the underground network and arrest participants. <mask> was arrested in 1922 and her trial began in May 1923. Along with the others arrested, the Process of the 45 took place in Białystok District Court, with Maslovskaya taking full responsibility, stating that she was the sole organizer of the group. She did not admit guilt, stated that their intent was not to foment armed insurrection, but to fight for Belarusians to have their own nation. She was sentenced to six years in prison, to be served in Białystok and Warsaw.Later career
While in prison, <mask> wrote poetry, contributing to such Belarusian newspapers as The Free Banner of Vilnius, Rassvet a Russian paper, and Breaking Dawn in the United States. With the help of intermediaries, she met with Vladimir Korchevsky, who was also a teacher and a political prisoner. When they were released in June 1927, the couple made plans to marry on 21 November that same year. Unable to teach because they had been political prisoners, the couple moved to Hajnówka, where Vladimir worked in a turpentine factory. Then they moved to the village of Olpen (Olpin) in the Brest Region of Polesia, where Vladimir served as a church psalmist and Korchevskaya organized amateur theatrical productions. Her poetry turned from revolution to works

masks: Maslovskaya Maslovskaya Maslovskaya Maslovskaya


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 extolling the beauty of nature during this time and the couple moved again to Kodeń on the Bug River. At the beginning of World War II, Poland was invaded in 1939 by a joint action by Nazi Germany and the Soviet forces.The BSSR regained lands previously lost to Poland by the Treaty of Riga and Soviet control was reasserted. For the Korchevskys, this meant that they could return to teaching and they took up a post in Kalanaja (be)() in the Vawkavysk District. By the summer of 1940, the couple had returned to Ogrodniczki, where they founded a Belarusian junior high school. In 1941 the Nazis invaded and occupied Belarus and in December forced the Korchevskys to close the school. Secretly, they continued to teach throughout the war and afterward, until June 1946. At that time, Korchevskaya was forced to flee Białystok by way of Żagań to Silesia to escape persecutions aimed at former Belarusian activists. She organized a kindergarten in Silesia and operated it for five years, before she returned to Supraśl and began working as the head of the city library.Korchevskaya continued publishing poems in Belarusian newspapers in Poland and participated in the Women's League. She was also elected to the Białystok District Council and was involved with the Belarussian Cultural Association of Poland until her retirement in 1958. Death and legacy
Korchevskaya died on 23 January 1981 Supraśl and was buried in the local cemetery. Several of her poetic works were published in the Białystok newspaper, Niva, the Minsk newspaper Belarus and the Vilnius newspaper Belarusian Calendar. References

Citations

Bibliography

1896 births
1981 deaths
People from Białystok
Belarusian women writers
Belarusian educators
20th-century women writers
20th-century Belarusian poets
Belarusian women poets
Belarusian


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Sir <mask> (1505–1583), also spelled Bedingfield, of Oxburgh Hall, King's Lynn, Norfolk, was a Privy Councillor to King Edward VI and Queen Mary I, Lieutenant of the Tower of London, and (in 1557) Vice-Chamberlain of the Household and Captain of the guards. With Sir <mask> he was among the principals who rallied to Mary's cause following the death of Edward VI in 1553 and helped to set her upon the throne. He was a senior figure in the kinship group of Catholic recusant landowning knights of Suffolk. Given responsibility for the custody of Mary I's half-sister Elizabeth when in the Tower of London and at Woodstock, his reputation has suffered from the repetition of claims of his severity towards her: however Queen Elizabeth was respectful towards him and continued to find service for him. Among the foremost Englishmen of his time, he occupied prominent and honourable positions and was of unquestioned loyalty. Family and education

Sir <mask> was the eldest of five sons of Sir Edmund Bedingfield (1479/80–1553) and his wife, Grace (died in or after 1553), the daughter of <mask>, 1st Baron Marney. His brothers were Francis, Anthony, Humphrey and Edmond, and his sisters were Elizabeth and Margaret.In February 1527/28, he was admitted to Lincoln's Inn. The Bedingfelds were closely connected to the ancient family of Beaupré, of Beaupré Hall, Outwell/Upwell, Norfolk. During the 1530s he married Katherine (died 1581), the daughter of Sir Roger Townshend of Raynham, Norfolk and his wife

masks:
Henry Bedingfeld
Henry Jerningham
Henry
Henry Marney


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 Amy Brewes, daughter and co-heiress of William de Brewse of Wenham Hall, Suffolk, and of Stinton Hall in Norfolk. In 1549 he was one of the many knights, esquires and gentlemen who assisted the Marquess of Northampton in putting down Kett's Rebellion at Norwich, where, with Sir Thomas Paston, Sir John Clere, Sir William Waldegrave and Sir Thomas Cornwallis, he was appointed to the defence of part of the city. By that date, or certainly by 1551, he had received knighthood. In 1553, the year of his father's death and the accession of Queen Mary, Sir <mask> succeeded his father as heir to the Oxburgh estate and the Hall which had been built by his grandfather, the elder Sir Edmund Bedingfield, (died 1496/97). It was to the March parliament of 1553, the second parliament of King Edward VI, that Sir <mask> was first elected, on that occasion as Knight of the Shire for Suffolk: from this it is supposed that he was then acquiescent in the regency of the Duke of Northumberland.Career
Bedingfeld held various offices, including Privy Councillor to King Edward VI and Queen Mary I, Constable and (in 1555) Lieutenant of the Tower of London, and (in 1557) Captain of the Guard and Vice-Chamberlain of the Household to Mary I. After the death of King Edward VI in 1553, Sir <mask> and (Sir) <mask> (together with Sir William Drury, John Sulyard, Sir John Shelton, Clement Higham and others) were two supporters very instrumental in placing Mary Tudor on the throne, coming to her aid at Kenninghall

masks:
Henry Bedingfield
Henry
Henry Bedingfeld
Henry Jerningham


texts: or Framlingham with 140 well-armed men. Bedingfeld proclaimed the queen at Norwich. He was afterwards rewarded for his loyalty with an annual pension of 100 pounds out of the forfeited estates of Sir Thomas Wyatt. Queen Mary appointed him a Privy Councillor and Knight Marshal of her army. It was in the light of this allegiance that he was elected to the first parliament of Mary's reign in October 1553 as one of the Knights of the Shire for Norfolk, and again in the succeeding parliament of 1554. In March 1554 Mary (following Wyatt's rebellion) placed her half-sister Princess Elizabeth in the Tower of London.She was certainly aware that her mother Katherine of Aragon in later life had been kept at Kimbolton in the custody of Sir <mask>'s father. She now entrusted Sir <mask> with the princess Elizabeth's custody, appointing him Constable of the Tower of London on 8 May, and instructing him to guard Elizabeth at Woodstock Palace, where he remained with her until March 1555. John Foxe, in the Acts and Monuments, took every opportunity to blacken Bedingfield's character, and depicted him as severe and cruel towards his charge. Although, after her accession to the throne in 1558, Elizabeth used to address Sir <mask> at court as "Her Gaoler", most agree that the term was probably applied loosely and in good spirit. "That seems to have rather been a term of royal familiarity, than contempt; for had it been the latter, he would scarce have been so much at court as it appears he usually

masks: Henry Henry Henry


texts: was," wrote Blomefield. The correspondence, published by C.R. Manning, suggests that Bedingfield conducted himself in gentlemanly fashion towards the princess: J.M.Stone, noting that Elizabeth granted the manor of Caldecott to him, observed that John Strype, Bishop Burnet and Sir Reginald Hennell had followed Foxe's account uncritically. A mandate of Mary's to Bedingfield survives in which she instructs him to deliver his orders to the bearer, John Sulyard, and to receive from him her orders as if from herself, and to carry them out unfailingly. Sir <mask> was appointed to the Lieutenancy of the Tower on 28 October 1555, after the resignation of Thomas Brydges. Among his prisoners were Sir Peter Carew, Sir Nicholas Arnold, Sir William Courtenay and Sir John Bray. Many unpleasant episodes passed in the Tower of London during Bedingfield's governance of it, not least the tortures and executions arising from the <mask> conspiracy in 1556, and the enforced recantation of Sir John Cheke a few days after the death of Edward Lewknor. Yet several prisoners under his charge were permitted to have access to their wives or family members, and in such matters Sir <mask> appears to have been the obedient interpreter of Mary's direct commands, rather than the initiator of autocratic or vindictive practises. Bedingfeld's friend and fellow Privy Councillor was Sir <mask>: on 25 December 1557, as Sir Edward Hastings became Lord Chamberlain of the Household and Sir Thomas Cornwallis Comptroller,

masks:
Henry
Henry Dudley
Henry
Henry Jerningham


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 so <mask> became Master of the Horse and <mask> succeeded Jerningham as Vice-Chamberlain and became Captain of the Guard.Both maintained friendship with Sir John Bourne, also a Privy Councillor and Secretary of State during the reign of Mary I. He was then re-elected for the third and last time as a Knight of the Shire for Norfolk in the parliament of 1558. With the death of Queen Mary and the accession of Elizabeth in 1558, Sir <mask> withdrew from public office and retired to Norfolk, though maintaining connections in court. According to Foxe, Elizabeth is said to have discouraged his presence, saying "If we have any prisoner whom we would have sharply and straitly kept, we will send for you!". Sir <mask> remained a firm adherent to the Catholic faith, and in his last years was challenged for his recusancy. In December 1569 the justices of Suffolk delivered to the Privy Council various bonds of those who had refused to subscribe to a declaration of obedience to the Act of Uniformity 1558: these included a bond of Sir <mask>'s, dated 1 December 1569, for good behaviour towards the Queen and for his appearance before the Privy Council. His lands were valued at £500 and his goods at £1000 at Oxburgh in the Norfolk diocesan returns of recusants of 1577.In her royal progress of 1578 Elizabeth received Sir <mask>'s hospitality at Oxburgh, or intended to do so. Elizabeth and Sir <mask> at Woodstock, 1554–5
The correspondence and papers relating to Princess Elizabeth's confinement by

masks:
Henry Jerningham
Henry Bedingfield
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry


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 Sir <mask> are usefully presented by Manning, and narrated by J.M. Stone (1905), F.A. Mumby (1909) and Katherine Bedingfield (1912). These authors neither diminish Elizabeth's fears and terrors at the events nor needlessly vilify her custodian. At the Tower of London
The following letter refers to Elizabeth's arrival at the Tower:"To the right worshipfull Sir <mask>feld Knt., give these, Written in haste. My dutye remembered these shal be to advyse you that on friday my lady Elisabeth was sent to the tower at 10 of the cloke, the Parliament shal be holden at Westminster the daye afore assured and the Quene is in good helthe, thanks be to God, who preserve you in much worshipe thys good fryday, rydyng by the way, by yours to commande, Thomas Walters."Sir <mask> is described by his historians as a stern Norfolk knight, "in whose courage and probity" the Queen knew that she could confide... However, when she first saw Sir <mask> enter the inner court of the Tower with the hundred men-at-arms in their blue coats under his command, she asked in terror "if the Lady Jane's scaffold was removed." The Lieutenant of the Tower endeavoured to calm her by saying there was no cause for alarm, but his orders were to consign her into the charge of Sir <mask>, to be conveyed to Woodstock. "Elizabeth, not knowing what manner of man Bedingfeld was, inquired whether he made conscience of murder, if such an order were entrusted to him." The journey to Woodstock
On 19 May she was removed from the

masks:
Henry Bedingfield
Henry Beding
Henry
Henry
Henry Bedingfeld


texts: Tower, first by barge at the Tower Wharf, and so to Richmond, where she had an interview with the Queen. The next day she crossed the river at Richmond to proceed on her journey to Woodstock. The letters and State documents relating to this journey throw further light upon it.Sir <mask>'s note on the affair was as follows: "A memoriall off all letters, warrants, etc., whyche I have to shewe concerning the s'vice aboute my lady Elizabeth's grace, whereunto I was commanded by the Quene's highnes, which s'vice began the 8th off May 1554 — fyrst yere off hyr moste noble reign." Anthony, Humphrey, and <mask>, brothers of Sir <mask>, appear to have formed part of the guard brought by him to the Tower. In Sir <mask>'s report to the Queen of the journey from the Tower of London to Woodstock, he noted that the people between London and Windsor were not "hoole on matters of Religion" ...that "theye be fullye fyxed to stonde to the late abolyshyng off the byshopp off Romez aucthorite, as heretofore agaynste the order of all charite hath been establyshed by statute lawe within thys Realme." The letter goes on to say that "My Ladye Elisabeth's grace" had not "been verye well at ease," and yet she wanted to go out walking, "In the whyche and other lyke hyr requests I am mervolouslye p'plexed to graunte hyr desyer or to saye naye." Next there was written "a remembrance off the journeye made by my Ladye Elizabeth's grace from Wyndsore to Syr Wyllm Dormer's house at West Wyckhm the xxth off

masks:
Henry
Edmund Bedingfeld
Henry
Henry


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 maye 1 Marie Regine. Ffyrst when hyr grace cam to the castell gate to take hyr lytter, there stoode off Master Norrey's s'v'nts xvj, in tawneye coots, to receyve hyr oute, at whyche place there weere sum people to behold hyr... Itm, hyr grace passed the towne off Wyndsore wth moche gasyng off people unto Eton Colledge, where was used the like, as well by the scollers as others; the lyke in villages and ffeldes unto Wycombe, where most gasyng was used, and the wyves had p'pared cake and wafers w'ch at hir passing bye them, thei delyvered into the lytter. She receyved yt wth thanks untyll by the quantitee she was accombred and, wth the herbes delyvered in with the wafers, trobled as she sayde, and desyred the people to cease."Arrival at Woodstock
At West Wycombe, Sir William Dormer and 17 servants in "blewe coats" awaited her, half-a-mile from his house, with Lady Dormer and her daughter-in-law. At Woburn Sir <mask> began talking with a "husbande man," and found him "a verye protestunte," and thought there were many about there of "the same opinion." From the Dormers' house the princess and her suite went on to Lord William's, and thence to Woodstock. When the party arrived there, Queen Mary sent instructions to "her trustie and right well beloved counsellor Sir <mask>feld knyght." She had reason to believe that Elizabeth was implicated in some conspiracy against her, and she wrote that in the face of so much evidence it was difficult to believe that her sister was guiltless of

masks:
Henry
Henry Beding


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 the charges brought. Sir <mask> was admonished to continue his "accustomed diligence in the charge by us comitted to yow." Then followed a report that "my ladye Elizabeth's grace ys daylye vexed with the swellyng in the face and other parts off hir bodye," and Sir <mask> deputed Edmund his brother to declare the same to "my lorde Chamberlayne" and to ask for a doctor."Doctour Owen" wrote directions to Sir <mask> on the subject: apparently he thought it was not the "tyme off the yere to minster purgacions owing to the distemperaunce of the weather." After this, Sir <mask> wrote a long letter to the Privy Council relating various conversations between himself and the princess, to which is added the following, "My lords it hath come to my knowledge by dyv'se creditable and wrshipfull p'sons, that the remayneng off Cranmer, Rydleye, and Latimer, at Oxforde, in such sort as theye dooe, hath done nooe smal hurte In theys parts, even amonge thoose that were knowne to be goode afore." Pleasures and responsibilities
In her next letter to him, the Queen showed consideration for his comforts. "Trustye and right well beloved, we gret you well, and wheare we understande yt by occasion of certyn our instructions Latelye gyvene unto you, ye doe continuallye make your personall abode within that our howse of Woodstock without removing from thence, at anye time, which thing might p'adventure in continuance be both som daunger to your helth, and be occasion also yt ye shall not be so well able

masks: Henry Henry Henry Henry


texts: to understande the state of the countreye theare abowts, as other wyse ye might. We let you wit yt, in consideracon thereof we are pleased ye maye at anye tyme when yourself shall thinke convenyant, make your repayre from owt of our sayed howse, leaving one of your brethren to loke to yor charge, and se to the good goverunce of that howse in yor absence. So as nevertheless ye returne back ageyne yor self at night, for the batter loking to yor sayed charge. And for yor better ease and recreacon we are in lyke manner pleased yt ye and yor brethren maye at yor libertyes halk for yor pastyme at the partrige, or hunt the hare, wthin that our maner of Woodstock or anye of our grounds adioynyng to the same, ffrom tyme to tyme, when ye shall thynke moste convenient; and that also ye maye yf ye shall so thinke good, cause yor wwf to be sent for, and to remayne theare wth you as long as yor self shall thinke meete.Geven under or signet, at or castle of Fernham ye — Julye, ye seconde yere of or Reigne." Soon afterwards, Sir <mask> wrote that if "this great Ladye shall remayne in this howse, there must be rep'acons done bothe to the covering of the house in lead and slate, and especially in glass and casemonds, or elles neyther she nor anye yt attendethe uppon hir shal be able to abyde for coulde." He wrote to the Bishop of Ely, asking to be released from his responsibility, as he had been for 15 weeks "in care off mynde and some travell of bodye": he begged him to remind the Lord


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 Chancellor (Bishop Gardiner) how he had accepted the custody of the princess at Gardiner's earnest request, in a conversation held "uppon the caulseye (causeway) betwexte the house off saynete Jamys and Charyng Crosse." He added that he had asked for his Lordship's house at the "black friers" in London, but heard it was disposed of: therefore he now asked for the one at Holborn, as he has no house "off refuge in London, butte the comon Inne, and woulde be gladde to gyve large monye to be avoyded off that inconvenience." Thomas Parry
Princess Elizabeth had an ally in her time at Woodstock:"Thomas Parry, the princess's cofferer, had to provide for her household but on 26 May, three days after her arrival at Woodstock, the Council told Bedingfield that there was no reason for Parry to stay there. Elizabeth's guardian communicated this decision to Parry, who baffled him by staying in the town. Parry now proceeded to make Bedingfield's life a misery.He first objected to the provisioning of his retinue out of Elizabeth's resources, until Bedingfield was commanded to supply them by a special warrant. This was simply a harassing tactic, for books were being conveyed to Elizabeth, some of which Bedingfield suspected of being seditious, and when Parry sent him two harmless ones he was forced to return them for want of explicit instructions. Bedingfield complained that he was helpless, as 'daily and hourly the said Parry may have and give intelligence,' and once again the cofferer's


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 position was referred to the Council. Early in July Parry was at the Bull Inn, 'a marvellous colourable place to practise in,' receiving every day as many as 40 men in his own livery, besides Elizabeth's own servants. At length the Council forbade such large meetings and, from Bedingfield's subsequent silence on the point, it seems that the order was obeyed." Religious welfare
Later, Sir <mask> reported to the Council that the Lady Elizabeth, after "hir confession in Catholyke fourme dydde receyve the most comfortable Sacramente," and before receiving she declared to Sir <mask> "that she had never plotted against the Queene." The Council replied that the Queen took great pleasure in the news that the Lady Elizabeth "doth so well conforme hirself in the receyvyng off the most blessed Sacramente off the altar."Sir <mask> wrote to the Queen mentioning Elizabeth's use of the reformed prayer book, etc., and refers to Mary's recent marriage: he expressed the hope of an heir to the throne, which would be a joy to all true Englishmen, "that wee maye as holye Simeon dydde for the byrth of Chryste, prayse Godde for the same." Evidently there was some difficulty in getting Elizabeth to give up the reformed prayer book, and in reply to Sir <mask>'s remonstrance she reminded him that it had been used in "the king my father his dayes." Bedingfeld doubted her orthodoxy, and also that of the ladies who attended her, and he recommended that some "lerned men" should "preche and talke with them


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 in the matter of there religion." He again asked to be released from his unwelcome task at Woodstock, but no answer came. Through his intervention, the princess asked for, and obtained, a doctor and surgeon, and was bled in the arm and foot. She also asked to be moved nearer to London, as there was great difficulty in conveying provisions to Woodstock during the winter. At length came a letter from the Queen ordering Sir <mask> to bring Elizabeth with all speed to Hampton Court, and the good "gaoler" was free to return home.Portraits
His portrait was at Oxburgh Hall, where it was described in the following manner: "Body full, face turned very slightly towards the sinister, grey eyes full, long nose, light brown hair, round beard and moustache turning grey, soft black cap right down on the head." Dress: "Black doublet, high shoulders to it, and high black collar, very wide behind, small white frill all round the face; the right hand is forward clenched, probably holding gloves, frill round the wrist, a ring with an eagle displayed thereon, being on the third finger of the hand." S. Inscribed: "Anno D. 1573 ætatis suæ 68." "Sir <mask>feld Governor of the Tower." An engraving is in the National Portrait Gallery. A miniature, oil on ivory, dated c.1700–1799, is today at Oxburgh Hall, which now belongs to the National Trust. The miniature was previously in the ownership of the Conyngham family, Marquesses Conyngham, at Slane Castle, County Meath, Ireland.Death and monument
Dame


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 <mask> was buried at Oxborough on 7 December 1581, and Sir <mask> on 24 August 1583. Sir <mask>'s will, which gives a lively impression of the community at Oxburgh Hall, was dated 15 August 1583 and proved on 13 November following. The Bedingfield chapel, Oxborough
Their monument is to be found in the Bedingfield chapel at the parish church of St John, Oxborough. Shortly after the Second World War the tower of this church collapsed, destroying most of the nave. The chancel of the church, together with the Bedingfield chapel which was built onto the south side of it, was spared destruction and still remains. The chapel is most famous for two tombs made of floriated terracotta components - the finest of their kind, among a series of early 16th century monuments mainly in East Anglia associated with families who intermarried with the Bedingfields. (They include, among others, the Marneys of Layer Marney Tower, Sir Philip Bothe of Shrubland Old Hall, and Sir Edward Echyngham of Barsham).One of these at Oxborough, a table tomb with a high arching canopy over it, extends across the chapel enclosing its eastern end as the inner sanctum of the Bedingfield memorials. The other, also with a canopy, stands across the archway opening on the north side into the chancel of the church, blocking the entry but affording a view into the chancel space. These are the tombs of Sir <mask>'s grandparents, Sir Edmund Bedingfield senr., Knight of the Bath, who died in 1496-97, and his second wife Dame

masks:
Katherine Bedingfeld
Henry
Henry
Henry


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 Margaret Bedingfield (née Scott, the daughter of Sir John Scott of Scott's Hall), the latter of whom, dying a widow in 1514, by her will established the chapel. Monument
The monument to Sir <mask> himself and to his wife Katherine is undated, and stands against the south wall of the Bedingfield chapel. It is a large construction of vari-coloured marbles, in the form of a shallow altar table projecting from the wall. Its frontage is arranged as three pilasters of dark marble, separating two square panels of suffused reddish-veined marble which enclose inner panels of black marble. All these features are outlined with gilt mouldings.At the outer ends of the table arise a pair of tall detached grey columns with gilded bases and capitals of the Corinthian order. These support an elaborately moulded and dentillated horizontal entablature above, and frame a large wall-piece of suffused reddish-veined marble ornamented with gilded fetter-locks (a motif associated with this family) and a bandwork design, interwoven with a glittering thread-like decoration. All of this encloses a central dark panel with gilt lettering, which bears a Latin inscription:

"Casta Bedingfeldo Comes, hic Katharina Marito estLustris Viva decem, quae fuit ante Comes.Prole Virum Conjux, Vir adauxit honoribus illam,Factus post multos Nominis hujus Eques.Inde Satellitium sumpsit, Turrimque regendam,Pars a Consilijs Una, Maria tuis.Privatus Senium, Christoque, Sibique dicavit,Vir pius, et verae Religionis


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 amans.Hospitio largus, miserisque suisque benignus,Ad Mortem et Morbi tædia, fortis erat." (Here BEDINGFIELD's chaste consort, KATHARINA lies,Who ten times five years was his living bride.Of worthy stem, he brought her honours moreWhen raised a Knight, like sundry of his Name: Then of the Guards, of the Tower, he took command,One party of thy Counsels, MARIA queen.Retir'd, old age to Christ, to himself, he gave,A pious man, and true Religion's friend.A generous Host, benign to needy Kin,He bore the toils of Sickness, firm till Death.) Heraldry
Over the entablature are three free-standing heraldic escutcheons, painted in polychrome. The centrepiece is a large circular frame with the arms of Bedingfield, ermine a spread eagle gules beaked and peded or, quartering the arms of Todenham, Peche, Rochester, Pateshull, Weyland, Herling, Jenny, Bourn of Long-Stratton, Waldegrave, Wyfold and Claworth. The Bedingfield crest is shown, a demi-eagle or.The sinister escutcheon, which is shield-shaped, has the arms of Bedingfield and Todenham quarterly, impaling those of Townsend and Brews quarterly (representing the marriage of Sir <mask> and Dame Katharine). The dexter escutcheon has the shield of Townsend, with quarterings for Haywell, Brews, Ufford, Carbonell and Shardelowe. Children
The children of Sir <mask> and Katherine Townsend were:

 Edmund Bedingfield (died 1585) of Eriswell in Suffolk, who married (1) Anne, daughter of Sir Robert Southwell of Hoxne, Suffolk; and (2) Anne,

masks:
Henry
Henry Bedingfeld


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 daughter of John Moulton of Thurgarton, Norfolk, Esq. The children of Edmund Bedingfield and Anne Southwell were:
 Thomas Bedingfield (died 9 April 1590), son and heir, married Frances, coheiress of John Jerningham of Somerleyton in Suffolk, Esq. Sir <mask> (1587–1657)
 William, under age in 1593
 <mask> of Briston in Norfolk, married Elizabeth, daughter of John Castell of Raveningham in Norfolk
 Edmund Bedingfeld
 Frances Bedingfeld
 Elizabeth Bedingfeld
 Anthony Bedingfeld
 Mary Bedingfeld (died 1629), married Sir William Cobb (died 27 August 1607) of Sandringham in Norfolk, Knight, the great-grandson of Francis Mountford. His descendants owned Sandringham until about 1686. Lady Cobb's name is to be found in 1595 in the 'Popish Recusant' Rolls
 Anne <mask>, the wife of Robert Skerne of Bondby in Lincolnshire
 Nazareth <mask>, the wife of Edward Yelverton of Norfolk.Both Nazareth and her husband were also recusants
 <mask>, Gentleman pensioner to Queen Elizabeth, died 1613. Buried in St. James' Clerkenwell
 <mask> (died 1606+) of Redlingfield in Suffolk
 <mask>, of Swatshall in Gislingham, died without issue in 1636
 <mask> of Sturston
 Alice Bedingfeld, married (1) Thomas Carvell, eldest son of Humphrey Kerville of Wiggenhall St Mary Magdalen, Norfolk; and (2) <mask>, Gentleman of the Privy Chamber to Queen Elizabeth
 <mask>, the wife of Thomas Wilbraham, Attorney of the Court of Wards
 <mask> (died 1631), the wife of William Yaxley of Yaxley, Suffolk
 Katherine Bedingfeld

masks:
Henry Bedingfield
Edmund Bedingfeld
Bedingfeld
Bedingfeld
Thomas Bedingfeld
John Bedingfeld
Nicholas Bedingfeld
Henry Bedingfeld
Henry Seckford
Amy Bedingfeld
Eva Bedingfeld


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 Elizabeth Bedingfeld, married Edmund Richers of Swannington, Norfolk
 Anne Bedingfeld

References

Sources
William Joseph Sheils, ‘Bedingfield family (per. 1476-1760)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 [accessed 5 June 2005: http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/76392]
Ann Weikel, ‘Bedingfeld , Sir <mask> (1509x11-1583)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
J. M., Stone Studies From Court and Cloister, Essays Historical  and Literary, pb. 1908 London and Edinburgh sands and  company St Louis, MO. 1505 births
1583 deaths
Lieutenants of the Tower of London
People from King's Lynn
Members of Lincoln's Inn
Members of the Parliament of England for Norfolk
English MPs 1553 (Mary I)
English MPs 1554
English MPs


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<mask>i (; ; ; * July 6, 1851, Dolyna, now Ivano-Frankivsk region - † July 4, 1919, Lviv) was a Ukrainian-German architect, teacher, businessman and public figure. Biography and work
<mask> was born 1851 in Dolina (today in Dolyna, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast), as the son of a Ukrainian national school director. His father <mask>i was from Ukrainian family from Dnieper Ukraine, while his mother Josepha Hauser came from a family of Bavarian colonists. The family moved to Stryj (Stryi) after the death of his father 1859 and later to Lemberg (Lviv) so he could attend the Lemberg Real School, which offered a technical and applied sciences curriculum. In 1874 he graduated with honours from construction faculty of the Lemberg Technical Academy (today Lviv Polytechnic), to which he enrolled back in 1868. His mentor in the academy was professor Julian Zachariewicz. Upon graduation Levynskyi remained with the academy.It was this technical education, combined with his father’s love of folk art, which would lead Levinsky to start his own artistic pottery company. Soon after graduating in 1875, Levinsky partnered with Julian Zachariewicz to buy land in northwest Lviv (Kastelivka). In 1881 Levynskyi organized architectural and design bureau that was engaged in the development of interiors of houses, drawings of windows, doors, articles of architecture. With time the bureau became one of the best in the city, employing notable regional masters. In 1888, he began building his factory on ulica Andrzeja Potockiego (now vulytsia Tarasa Chuprynky, 58) and by the next year he opened his seminal Ivan Levinsky

masks:
Ivan Ivanovich Levynsky
Ivan Levynskyi
Ivan Levynsky


texts: Tile Stoves Factory. At the beginning, it was a small enterprise – only 2 floors and 5 employees. Levinsky was interested in the development of pottery and bought equipment and a special furnace for making tiles, ceramic dishes, and the like.Soon after he hired professional potters and ceramists and by 1894 his company featured 25 employees making tiles, bricks, vases, sculptures, and other building materials. Clay was imported from nearby Hlynsk (near Zhovkva) and Oleyov (near Zolochiv), as well as premium coal clay from the Czech Republic. Just 20 years later, his company would become one of the most successful enterprises in eastern Galicia (Halychyna), employing over 800 Leopolitans (Lviv residents). Levynskyi became a professor of architecture at the Lviv Polytechnical Institute in 1903. At the same time he was building his factory into one of Galicia’s premiere businesses, Levinsky continued to work as an architect and constructor. You can still see many of his spectacular architectural works, especially in buildings on Chuprynky St. (11, 11a, 60, 103), Kotlyarevskoho St. (25), and Bandery St. (4, 6). His Ivan Levinskogo architectural bureau helped design and build many of the most famous buildings in Galicia – including such eminent masterpieces as Lviv’s main train station, Hotel George, and the Opera & Ballet Theatre.Working together with such esteemed architects as H. Helmer and F. Fellner, they also designed the Galicia Pavilion at the World Exhibition in Paris, the Chamber of Commerce, and many of Lviv’s hotels and banks. It is difficult to move around Lviv without noticing


texts: something that Levinsky and his companies had their hands in designing. It’s important to remember that Levinsky was celebrated even in his own time. For example, his company was awarded the Imperial Russian Technical Society’s gold medal at an international exhibition in Odessa in 1911. At the turn of the century, Levinsky’s enterprises employed nearly 1000 people and until 1914, his company received the exclusive right to supply facing and building bricks for government buildings across the Austro-Hungarian Empire. However, at the end of World War I, the Polish authorities refused to pay for the Levinsky’s Austrian orders and his company collapsed as a result. He died in Lviv of a heart attack soon afterward and is now buried in Lviv’s Lychakivskiy cemetery.Remembered as a gifted architect, cunning businessman, effusive philanthropist, and a true patriot, Levinsky is today considered to be the Man Who Built Lviv. While his factory would change hands several times over the years, it would never again be so glorious or influential as the Ivan Levinsky Tile Stoves Factory. During the factory’s golden years (1910-1912 especially), there were five separate units – each considered to be their own ‘factory’: floor and all tiles; decorative vases and dishes; small ceramic items; stoves; and sculptures. Levinsky was a pioneer – he engaged local artists, architects, and sculptors to create his original stoves, stove tiles, and tile sets that introduced Ukrainian folk motifs into the Western European tradition. His products were considered to be of exceptional high quality and unique style.


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 Architectural style

Levinski’s style combined Carpathian folk architecture into Viennese Secession. He designed and built hospitals and sanatoria right across Galicia, including Horodenka, Kolomyia, Ternopil, Vorokhta, Zalishchyky, and Zolochiv.For example, here in the Galician capital, he helped design the maternity hospital (originally the Jewish Beth Hulim Hospital) on Rapoport Street by incorporating Eastern and Jewish symbols into the Moorish Revival style of architecture. His pièce de résistance, however, remains Lviv’s spectacular Opera & Ballet Theatre, of which his building company provided local materials for the undertaking. Literature
 Мистецтво України // Біографічний довідник (за редакцією А. В. Кудринецького).— Київ, 1997.— С. 357. Січинський В. Історія українського мистецтва ()
.— І том: Архітектура. — Нью-Йорк: НТШ в Америці, 1956.— С. 156
 Енциклопедія Українознавства.— Перевидання в Україні.— Львів: НТШ, 1996 р.— Т. 4.—  С.1263
 Нога О. Іван Левинський.— Львів: Основа, 1993. Нога О. Проект пам'ятника Івану Левинському.— Львів: «Українські технології», 1997 р.— 327 с
 Нога О. Іван Левинський: Архітектор, підприємець, меценат / Наук. і літ. редактор, автор концепції ілюстрат. матеріалу Ю. Бірюльов.— Львів: Центр Європи, 2009. — 192 с.
 Бірюльов Ю. Мистецтво львівської сецесії.— Львів: Центр Європи, 2005. — 184
 Жук І. Львів Левинського: Місто і будівничий: Альбом. — К.: Грані-Т, 2010. — 184 с.

References

1851 births
1919 deaths
People from Dolyna
People from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
Ukrainian architects
Lviv Polytechnic alumni
Ukrainian


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<mask> (; born 29 September 1969) is an Austrian retired professional footballer, who played as a midfielder and as a striker, and head coach of Austria Wien U18. He played, amongst others for FK Austria Wien, SK Sturm Graz and LASK and the Austria national football team. Club career
Born in Split, SR Croatia, then still part of Yugoslavia, <mask>'s most notable spell was with Sturm Graz between 1994 and 2002, during which he helped the club winning the Austrian Bundesliga two consecutive times in 1998 and 1999, as well as winning the Austrian Cup in 1996, 1997 and 1999. With the club, he also played in the group stages of the UEFA Champions League in the 1998/1999 and 1999/2000 seasons of the competition.Japan and return to Austria

<mask> left Sturm for a one-season spell with Japanese club Nagoya Grampus Eight, after which he returned to Austria to spend two seasons with Austria Vienna before joining LASK in the summer of 2005. He performed well for LASK in the Erste Liga, the Austrian second division, and was the top goalscorer of the league in two consecutive seasons, scoring a total of 42 goals in 62 league appearances between 2005 and 2007. After helping LASK winning promotion to the Austrian Bundesliga in 2007, he went on to help the club finish sixth in the 2007/2008 Austrian Bundesliga season and himself finished the season as the club's top goalscorer in the league, having netted 13 goals in 32 appearances. <mask> announced his retirement on 18 May 2009, quitting professional football by 30 June 2009.

International career
<mask> became an Austrian national in 1996 and subsequently started to play for the Austrian national team. By 2005, <mask> had won a total of 46 caps and scored 12 goals as an Austrian international. He then disappeared from the team for a period before making a spectacular comeback in 2008, being a surprise selection in the Euro 2008 squad and scoring Austria's first ever goal in the European Championship, also becoming the oldest goalscorer in the history of the tournament. 1998 World Cup
<mask>'s first

masks:
Ivica Vastić
Vastićastić
Vastić
Vastić
Vastić
Vastić
Vastić


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 appearance at a major tournament with Austria was at the 1998 FIFA World Cup finals in France, where he appeared in all of the team's three group matches and scored a last-minute equaliser in their second match at the tournament, a 1–1 draw against Chile.The Austrians were, however, eliminated from the tournament in the first round after recording two draws and one defeat. Euro 2008
On 24 April 2008, <mask> was surprisingly added to Austria's preliminary squad for the UEFA Euro 2008 finals co-hosted by Austria and Switzerland in June. His last appearance for the national team prior to the call-up had more than two and a half years before, on 17 August 2005 in their 2–2 draw in a friendly match against Scotland. He then made his international comeback, winning his 47th cap, as a substitute in Austria's friendly match against Nigeria on 27 May 2008 and was eventually added to their final 23-man squad for the Euro 2008 finals, where he was the oldest player. In Austria's next friendly match three days later, he scored the team's fourth goal in their 5–1 victory over Malta. On 8 June, <mask> made his Euro 2008 bow in the 1–0 defeat to his native Croatia, replacing Jürgen Säumel in the 61st minute. On 12 June, <mask> appeared in Austria's second match of the tournament, a 1–1 draw with Poland, winning his 50th international cap as he replaced captain Andreas Ivanschitz in the 64th minute.In the match, he scored Austria's first goal in the final tournaments of the UEFA European Championship by netting an injury-time penalty to equalise, also becoming the oldest goalscorer of the European Championship finals at age , over four years older than Nené who held the record since 1984. Coaching career

FC Waidhofen/Ybbs
On 16 June 2009, <mask> was named head coach of FC Waidhofen/Ybbs of the Regionalliga Ost coincidently the club began a cooperation with the former Vastic club LASK. He started his coaching career very well, winning the Regionalliga Ost in 2009/10. Austria Wien
Vastić changed to Austria Wien Amateurs in summer 2010 and was promoted to

masks: Vastić Vastić Vastić Vastić


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 manager of the first team of Austria Wien in December 2011. He was sacked on 21 May 2012 and his contract was not renewed when it finished at the end of May. SV Mattersburg

Vastić became head coach on 20 December 2013. He is signed to the end of the season with an option for two more years.He subsequently had his option picked up. On 23 April 2016, Austria Wien defeated SV Mattersburg 9–0. Personal life
<mask> has been married to his wife Annie for more than 20 years. Together they have three children. His oldest son Toni also became a professional footballer and is signed to German Regionalliga side VfR Aalen. Career statistics

Club

International

Coaching record

Honours

Player
Sturm Graz
Austrian Bundesliga: 1997–98, 1998–99
Austrian Cup: 1995–96, 1996–97, 1998–99
Austrian Supercup: 1996, 1998, 1999

Austria Wien
Austrian Cup:  2004–05; runner-up: 2003–04

LASK
Austrian Football First League: 2006–07

Individual
Austrian Footballer of the Year: 1995, 1998, 1999, 2007
Austrian Bundesliga Top Scorer: 1995–96, 1999–2000
Austrian Football First League Top Scorer: 2005–06, 2006–07

Manager
FC Waidhofen/Ybbs
Regionalliga Ost: 2009–10

SV Mattersburg
Austrian Football First League: 2014–15

References

External links
 Player profile – EURO2008
 Profile – Austria Archive

Living people
1969 births
Sportspeople from Split, Croatia
Croatian emigrants to Austria
Naturalised citizens of Austria
Croatian footballers
Austrian footballers
Association football forwards
Austria international footballers
Austrian people of Croatian descent
1998 FIFA World Cup players
UEFA Euro 2008 players
Austrian Football Bundesliga players
2. Liga (Austria) players
Bundesliga players
J1 League players
First Vienna FC players
FC Admira Wacker Mödling players
MSV Duisburg players
SK Sturm Graz players
RNK Split players
Nagoya Grampus players
FK Austria Wien players
LASK players
Croatian football managers
FK Austria Wien managers
Austrian expatriate footballers
Austrian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Expatriate footballers in Germany
Expatriate footballers


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<mask> 'Edel' <mask> (born October 10, 1965 in Augsburg) is a German business and sustainability assessment researcher, and university educator. Günther is currently the Director of the United Nations University Institute for Integrated Management of Material Fluxes and of Resources (UNU-FLORES) while on leave from the Technische Universität Dresden, where she has held the Chair of Business Management, esp. Sustainability Management and Environmental Accounting since 1996. She has also undertaken multiple international visiting professorships, and is the founding member of the Centre for Performance and Policy Research in Sustainability Measurement and Assessment (PRISMA). Career
Günther received her Diploma of Business Administration from the University of Augsburg, where she specialised in Accounting and Auditing, Finance, and Operations Research from 1984 to 1989. She also studied Languages at the École de Traduction et d`Interprétation of the University of Geneva. From 1989 to 1994, she worked as a research assistant at the Chair of Accounting and Control at the University of Augsburg (Prof. Dr. Dres.h.c. A.G. Coenenberg) and undertook her doctorate to a Dr. rer. pol. with the dissertation topic,

masks: Edeltraud Günther


texts: "Ökologieorientiertes Controlling" (Environmental Management Control). From 1994 to 1996, she was a research assistant and project leader in the Economics Department of the Bavarian Institute of Applied Environmental Research and Technology GmbH (BIfA) in Augsburg. In 1996, <mask> was appointed Chair of Business Management, esp. Sustainability Management and Environmental Accounting, at the Faculty of Business and Economics at the TU Dresden - a position she holds to this day. Under the leadership of Günther, the TU Dresden implemented an environmental management system according to EMAS (being the first German university of technology to do so), which has been regularly validated since 2002.Günther founded and now leads the Centre for Performance and Policy Research In Sustainability Measurement and Assessment PRISMA. On 1 September 2018, Prof. <mask> <mask> took up the position of Director at the United Nations University Institute for Integrated Management of Material Fluxes and of Resources (UNU-FLORES). Launched in 2012, the Dresden-based institute of the United Nations University develops strategies to promote the sustainable use and integrated management of environmental resources such as water,

masks: Günther Edeltraud Günther


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 soil, and waste. To accommodate this appointment, Günther has been granted a leave of absence by the TU Dresden. As part of strengthening the connections between UNU-FLORES and the wider United Nations network, Günther was one of the establishing Directors and the first Chair for the UNU Water Network, which was initiated in 2019. In 2020, she was appointed UNU Focal Point for the Environmental Management Group (EMG). Günther was a visiting professor at the McIntire School of Commerce at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, U.S.A. from August 2001 to February 2002, and later, from December 2005 to May 2016.In January of 2015, she was a visiting professor at Kobe University, Kobe, Japan,  and in the summer semester of 2017, a visiting professor at the NUST – Namibia University of Science and Technology. Research emphasis
In her research, Günther works on ecological problems in economics, including environmental and sustainability performance, risk management, obstacle analysis, sustainable management, value-based management, as well as deceleration. Memberships
<mask> Günther is chairwoman of the DIN-working group for the development of the international standard DIN EN ISO 14051 “Material flow


texts: cost accounting” as well as ISO 14008 “Monetary valuation of environmental impacts from specific emissions and use of natural resources – Principles, requirements and guidelines” (since 2008). From 2008 to 2013 she was leader of the  "Arbeitskreises Nachhaltige Unternehmensführung" (working group sustainable management) in the Schmalenbach-Gesellschaft für Betriebswirtschaft e.V. She is a member of the working group "Green Controlling" in the Internationaler Controllerverein e.V. (since 2013) and in the working group Integrated Reporting in the Schmalenbach-Gesellschaft für Betriebswirtschaft e.V. (since 2013).Furthermore she is a member of the DFG – Senate Commission on Water Research (2006 to 2011 and since 2015), member of the expert forum "Nachhaltiges Wirtschaften" (sustainable management) in the Hightech Forum (since 2015), member of the Class of Engineering Sciences of the Saxonian Academy of Sciences and Humanities in Leipzig (since 2014), as well as member  of the Commission of Sustainability Management in the Verband der Hochschullehrer für Betriebswirtschaft e. V. (since1994). Günther is editor of the Zeitschrift für Umweltpolitik und Umweltrecht ZfU (since 2009), Sustainable Production and


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 Consumption (since 2015), Umweltwirtschaftsforum (since 2015) and subject editor of the International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment (since 2016). Günther was an expert reviewer for the IPCC-reports. Awards (selection)
Best Paper Award of the Global Innovation and Knowledge Academy (2015), Highly commended Award of the Emerald LiteratiNetwork (2011), second award "plus energy house" with e-mobility (open interdisciplinary design competition for universities in cooperation with planning offices) (2011), B.A.U.M.-Umweltpreis (Environmental Award) in the category science (2008), Teaching Award for the development of the teaching concept "investing in a sustainable future" for the Procter & Gamble competition for the development of innovative Curricula (2005, together with Mark A. White). Publications (selection)
For a comprehensive and continuously updated list of publications, please see Professor Günther's profile on Google Scholar

Books
 Günther, E., & Steinke, K.-H.(Eds.). 2016.CSR und Controlling – Unternehmerische Verantwortung als Gestaltungsaufgabe des Controlling. Berlin: Springer Gabler. Günther, E., & Bassen, A. (Eds.). 2016. Integrated Reporting – Grundlagen, Implementierung, Praxisbeispiele.


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 Stuttgart: Schäffer-Poeschel.Günther, E., & Ruter, R. X. (Eds.). 2015. Grundsätze nachhaltiger Unternehmensführung. Erfolg durch verantwortungsvolles Management. (2., neu bearbeitete Auflage). Berlin: Erich Schmidt Verlag.Günther, E. 2008. Ökologieorientiertes Management: Um-(weltorientiert) Denken in der BWL. Stuttgart: Lucius & Lucius. Günther, E., Kaulich, S., Scheibe, L., Uhr, W., Heidsiek, C., & Froehlich, J. (Eds.). 2006. Leistung und Erfolg im betrieblichen Umweltmanagement die Software EPM-KOMPAS als Instrument für den industriellen Mittelstand zur Umweltleistungsmessung und Erfolgskontrolle, inklusive CD-ROM mit einer Einführung in die Software EPM-KOMPAS.Lohmar: EUL Verlag. <mask>, E. 1994. Ökologieorientiertes Controlling. Konzeption eines Systems zur ökologieorientierten Steuerung und empirischen Validierung. München: Vahlen Verlag. Papers
 Herrmann, J., & Guenther, E., 2017. Exploring a scale of organizational barriers for enterprises' climate change adaptation strategies.Journal of Cleaner Production, in press. (VHB-JOURQUAL: B, HB: 0,3). doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.03.009
 Guenther, E., Endrikat, J., & Guenther, T., 2016. Environmental management control systems: a conceptualization and a


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 review of the empirical evidence. Journal of Cleaner Production, 136(A): 147–171. (VHB-JOURQUAL: B, HB: 0,3) doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.02.043
 Rosen, Richard A., & Guenther, E., 2016. The energy policy relevance of the 2014 IPCC Working Group III report on the macro-economics of mitigating climate change.Energy Policy, 93: 330–334. (VHB-JOURWUAL: B, HB: 0,4). doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2016.03.025
 Guenther, E., Guenther, T., Schiemann, F., & Weber, G., 2016. Stakeholder Relevance for Reporting: Explanatory Factors of Carbon Disclosure. Business and Society, 55(3): 361–397. (VHB-JOURQUAL: B, HB: 0,3). doi:10.1177/0007650315575119
 Bergmann, A., Stechemesser, K. & Guenther, E., 2016.Natural Resource Dependence Theory: Impacts of Extreme Weather Events on Organizations. Journal of Business Research. 69(4): 1361–1366. (VHB-JOURQUAL: B, HB: 0,4)
 Guenther, E., Guenther, T., Schiemann, F., & Weber, G., 2016. Stakeholder Relevance for Reporting: Explanatory Factors of Carbon Disclosure. Business and Society, 55(3): 361–397. (VHB-JOURQUAL: B, HB: 0,3).doi:10.1177/0007650315575119
 Guenther, E., Endrikat, J., & Guenther, T., 2016. Environmental management control systems: a conceptualization and a review of the empirical


texts:
 evidence. Journal of Cleaner Production, 136(A): 147–171. (VHB-JOURQUAL: B, HB: 0,3) doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.02.043
 Hueske, A.-K., Endrikat, J. & Guenther, E., 2015. External environment, the innovating organization, and its individuals: A multilevel model for identifying innovation barriers accounting for social uncertainties. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 35: 45–70.(VHB-JOURQUAL: C, HB: 0,4)
 Rieckhof, R., Bergmann, A. & Guenther, E., 2015. Interrelating material flow cost accounting with management control systems to introduce resource efficiency into strategy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 108(B): 1262–1278. (VHB-JOURQUAL: B, HB: 0,3). Trumpp, C., Endrikat, J., Zopf, C. & Guenther, E., 2015. Definition, Conceptualization, and Measurement of Corporate Environmental Performance: A Critical Examination of a Multidimensional Construct.Journal of Business Ethics, 126(2):185–204. (VHB-JOURQUAL: B, HB: 0,5)
 Rosen, R. & Guenther, E., 2014. The economics of mitigating climate change: What can we know? Technological Forecasting and Social Change. (VHB-JOURQUAL: B, HB: 0,4)
 Guenther, E. & Hoppe, H., 2014. Merging Limited Perspectives: A Synopsis of Measurement Approaches and Theories of


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 the Relationship between Corporate Environmental and Financial Performance. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 18 (5): 689–707.(VHB-JOURQUAL: A, HB: 0,4)
 Guenther, E., Hueske, A.-K., Stechemesser, K., Buscher, L. 2013. The „Why Not“-Perspective of Green Purchasing: A Multi Level Case Study Analysis. Journal of Change Management, 13 (4): 407–423. (VHB-JOURQUAL: C)
 Günther, E., & White, M. 2013. Investing in a Sustainable Future – Innovative Lehrkonzepte für Nachhaltigkeitskompetenzen. Die Unternehmung, 67(2): 154–169. (VHB-JOURQUAL: C)
 Nowack, M., Endrikat, J., & Guenther, E. 2011. Review of Delphi-based scenario studies: Quality and design considerations.Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 78(9): 1603–1615. (VHB-JOURQUAL: B, HB: 0,5)
 Günther, E., & Kaulich, S. 2005. The EPM-KOMPAS: an Instrument to Control the Environmental Performance in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). Business Strategy and the Environment, 14(6): 361–371. (VHB-JOURQUAL: B, HB: 0,2)
 Günther, E., & Wittmann, R. 1995. Kondukte. Die Betriebswirtschaft, 55(1): 119–120.(VHB-JOURQUAL: C, HB: 0,1)
 Günther, E., & Wagner, B. 1993. Ökologieorientierung des Controlling. Öko-Controlling. Die Betriebswirtschaft, 53(2): 143–166.


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 (VHB-JOURQUAL: C, HB: 0,1)

Literature
 Dorit Petschel (Bearb. ): Die Professoren der TU Dresden 1828–2003.Böhlau Verlag, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2003, . Notes

References
 Literature by and on <mask> Günther in the catalogue of the German National Library
 TU Dresden, Faculty of Business and Economics, Chair of Business Management, esp. Environmental Management and Accounting

1965 births
Living people
German economists
University of Augsburg alumni
TU Dresden


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Baron  was a samurai from the Kuwana Domain in the Bakumatsu period Tokugawa shogunate and later a general in the Imperial Japanese Army during the Meiji period. Biography

Early life
Tatsumi was born in Edo as the third son of a retainer of Kuwana Domain name Machida Dendaiyu. He was later adopted by his uncle, a fellow retainer named Tatsumi Sakujuro Takashi, whose surname he took. He was also known as  in his youth. At age five, the young Tatsumi went to Kuwana with his adoptive father, and at age 8 entered the domain school, Rikkyokan, studying literature and martial arts, and receiving a commendation for academic excellence at age 15. Soon after, Matsudaira Sadaaki became daimyō of Kuwana, and Tatsumi became his page, with a 180 koku stipend. Together with Matsudaira Sadaaki, he left for Edo in 1861, where was permitted to attend the elite Shogunate school at Shoheiko, and where he was hailed as a prodigy.Soldier in the Boshin War
When Matsudaira Sadaaki was appointed as Kyoto Shoshidai, Tatsumi followed him to Kyoto, where he served as a liaison with other domains. It was in this role that he met many of the men who would later become famous in the Meiji period, including Katsura Kogorō, Ōkubo Toshimichi, and Saigō Takamori. Before long, though, he was transferred back to Edo and entered the Tokugawa bakufu's French-trained infantry. His French military instructors were said to have remarked, "Tatsumi is a genius of a soldier." He later served in the Bakufu's 3rd Infantry Regiment. The first battle of the Boshin War, the Battle of Toba–Fushimi, occurred while he was in Edo. When Matsudaira Sadaaki


texts:
 returned, Tatsumi advocated continued military opposition to the Satchō Alliance army.Tatsumi and the Kuwana retainers remaining in Edo followed Matsudaira Sadaaki to Echigo Province by sea, where they hoped to establish themselves in the former Shogunal territory of Kashiwazaki. Tatsumi organized the remaining Kuwana forces into three units—the Raijintai, the Jinputai, and the Chinintai. Elections were held to determine the commanders of each unit, and Tatsumi became commander of the Raijintai, and his elder brother Machida Ronoshin became commander of the Jinputai. Through well-coordinated guerilla tactics, Tatsumi managed to fight his way to Kashiwazaki. Joining up with Matsudaira Sadaaki in Kashiwazaki, he continued to fight against the new Meiji government's army, first independently, and then in concert with the Nagaoka Domain. However, when Nagaoka was defeated, the Kuwana forces retreated further north, to Aizu Domain, ruled by Matsudaira Sadaaki's birth brother, Matsudaira Katamori. Tatsumi fought in the Aizu campaign, and led the Kuwana forces even north on Matsudaira Sadaaki's orders to join the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei, surrendering in Shōnai Domain (present-day Yamagata Prefecture) some time later.Under the Meiji government
Following the end of the Boshin War, <mask> was placed in confinement in January 1871, and changed his given name to Naofumi. However, he was soon pardoned by the new government, and returned to Kuwana Domain as a junior councilor after pleading his loyalty to Emperor Meiji. He accepted a post as a prosecutor at the Ministry of Justice from April 1873 and was promoted steadily until


texts: he reached the position of chief prosecutor at the Tokyo District Court in May 1877. However, the following month, in response to the Satsuma Rebellion, he joined the Imperial Japanese Army and was given the rank of major. He served as chief-of-staff of the Shinsenryodan, a unit composed of former Kuwana samurai and members of the Shinsengumi. He commanded the IJA 10th Infantry Regiment and later the IJA 8th Infantry Regiment during the Satsuma Rebellion. Afterwards, in February 1879 he was appointed commandant of the Osaka Garrison.In July 1880, he became chief-of-staff of the Imperial Guard. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in February 1884 and in May 1885 was commander of the Guards 3rd Infantry. From August 1886 to December 1887, he was aide-de-camp to Prince Komatsu Akihito, and accompanied him overseas on diplomatic missions to England, France, Germany and Russia, as well as the Ottoman Empire. He was promoted to colonel in November 1887. After his return to Japan, he was chief-of-staff of the IJA 3rd Division from March 1889. Tatsumi was promoted to major general in June 1894 and was assigned command of the IJA 10th Infantry Brigade. During the First Sino-Japanese War he was distinguished by his role in the 1894 Battle of Pyongyang.After the end of the war, He was ennobled with the rank of danshaku (baron) under the kazoku peerage system in August 1895.After the war, he was briefly commandant of the Army Staff College, and was then head of the Japanese military bureau within the Government-General of Taiwan from April 1896. He was promoted to lieutenant general in October 1898 and was placed in


texts:
 command of the newly-formed IJA 8th Division. The infamous Hakkōda Mountains incident in which 199 of 210 members of its 5th Infantry Regiment froze to death in Hakkōda Mountains during training exercise occurred during his command. Tatsumi  subsequently led the division into combat during the Russo-Japanese War. Two of the principal battles of his military career were at Sandepu and Mukden in 1905. He was promoted to full general in May 1906, but retired two months later and died the following March. Decorations
 1892 –  Order of the Sacred Treasure, 3rd class
 1895 –  Order of the Rising Sun, 3rd class
 1895 –  Order of the Golden Kite, 3rd class
 1897 –  Order of the Sacred Treasure, 2nd class
 1904 –  Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure
 1906 –  Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun
 1906 –  Order of the Golden Kite, 2nd class

References
 Dupuy, Trevor Nevitt, Curt Johnson, David L. Bongard.(1992). The Harper Encyclopedia of Military Biography. New York: HarperCollins. ;  OCLC 243724947
 Jansen, Marius B. (2000). The Making of Modern Japan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.;  OCLC 44090600

External links

Kuwana city page about Tatsumi
Information on the late-Edo key figures in Kuwana

Notes

1845 births
1907 deaths
Japanese pages
Samurai
People of the Boshin War
People of the Satsuma Rebellion
People of the First Sino-Japanese War
Japanese military personnel of the Russo-Japanese War
Kazoku
Japanese generals
People of Meiji-period Japan
Grand Cordons of the Order of the Rising Sun
Recipients of the Order of the Sacred Treasure, 1st class
Recipients of the Order of the Golden


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<mask> is an American mathematician and a Professor Emerita of Mathematics at the Department of Mathematics at Texas A&M University. She is noted for her research background in algebraic K-theory, as well as her interdisciplinary work in bioinformatics and biostatistics, among other disciplines. Research
<mask> has an extensive and largely interdisciplinary research background with a variety of focus areas, including bioinformatics, biostatistics, computational biology, algebraic K-theory, cyclic homology, and mathematics education. Throughout her career as a mathematician, <mask> has published over thirty research publications, earning her notability as an accomplished interdisciplinary researcher. <mask>'s research in the fields of algebraic K-theory, cyclic homology, and Hochschild homology focuses on determining the relationships between K-theory and homology theories and exploiting these relationships to provide algorithms for computing K-theory and cyclic homology. Her algebraic research has been published in a variety of academic journals, as well as presented at the 1983 Summer Research Conference held by the American Mathematical Society (AMS). Her foray into the fields of bioinformatics and biostatistics has led her to research methods of addressing challenges faced when analyzing data produced by microarray technology, which provides ways of studying active genes in different cell tissue types.Primarily, <mask> investigates methods of analyzing relatively small samples using new statistical methods. Though she has not published any formal research in mathematics education, <mask> developed a keen interest in the subject in 2000 and has since served as a doctoral advisor for two students with a mathematics education specialty. She also began conducting research on the information available from college applications and how it correlates to success in university honors programs for freshman students. Within this, she is researching the correlation of the Math Placement Exam incoming college students take and their success in their recommended math class with

masks:
Sue Geller
Sue Geller
Geller
Geller
Geller
Geller


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 a goal to improve advising. Education
<mask> obtained her B.S. in Mathematics from the Case Institute of Technology in 1970. Upon graduation she continued her education at Cornell University, where she earned her M.S.in Mathematics in 1972, followed by her Ph.D. in Mathematics from the same institution in 1975. Studying under advisor and Cornell faculty member Stephen Chase, the primary focus of <mask>'s graduate research was in algebraic K-theory, as reflected in the title of her doctoral dissertation, On the GE(sub n) of a Ring and Some New Algebraic K-Groups. She also worked as a Teaching Assistant and Lecturer for Cornell during her graduate studies. <mask> was one of twenty-one women awarded a doctorate in mathematics at Cornell University during the years 1868 to 1939, in which one hundred doctorates total were awarded by the Cornell Department of Mathematics. Career
Most recently, <mask> held three positions at Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas, including Professor of Mathematics, Professor of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, and Director of Honors Programs in Mathematics. Some of the courses <mask> primarily taught include a Survey of Mathematical Problems, History of Mathematics, Seminar in Algebra, and independent study courses in various algebraic topics. Upon completion of her education at Cornell University, <mask> worked for six years as an assistant professor at Purdue University before transitioning to a Faculty Fellow position at Harvard University.With the exception of an interim year as an Associate Research Professor at Rutgers in 1987-1988, <mask> joined the faculty at Texas A&M University in 1981 as an Associate Professor, where she worked for over thirty years in a total of five different faculty positions before her retirement. She also worked as a research biostatistician at the University of California at Davis in 2001-2002. In addition to her career as Professor of Mathematics at Texas A&M University, <mask> founded the first department-level honors program at the university and served as the Director of Honors in

masks:
Sue Geller
Geller
Geller
Sue Geller
Geller
Geller
Geller
Geller


texts:
 Mathematics for several years. In her time at Texas A&M, she has supervised over 100 masters students and mentored many undergraduates. Due to her deep interest in and commitment to mentoring students, the Department of Mathematics renamed its Mathematics Undergraduate Research Lecture Series in 2018 to the <mask> Undergraduate Lecture Series, honoring <mask>'s dedication and service. <mask> is a strong advocate for women in mathematics and served on the Mathematical Association of America's Committee on the Participation of Women January 1990 through July 1994. Her major contribution was a compilation of skits that highlighted micro-inequities that women face in their mathematical careers.She consistently made efforts to utilize humor to combat these inequities and work towards women's equality in mathematics. <mask> has also been very active in the activities of the Association for Women in Mathematics (AWM). She was elected as an At Large Member of the Executive Committee and served from 1989 - 1991. She again was on the Executive Committee as Clerk in 1999 - 2001. Honors and Awards
In 2015, <mask> was recognized with the 2015 Distinguished Achievement Award in Student Relations by The Association of Former Students at Texas A&M, cited to have had a "transformative effect on the pedagogical mission of the Department of Mathematics" at the university. One year prior, <mask> was selected by the Texas A&M Women's Faculty Network as the recipient of the 2013 Outstanding Mentoring Award for her efforts to guide and support junior faculty members at Texas A&M, and in 2012, she received the Director's Award for Outstanding Service to Honors Programs from Texas A&M's office of Undergraduate Studies. <mask> is also a three-time winner of the Texas A&M Department of Mathematics Outstanding Teaching Award.References

External links
 Association for Women in Mathematics: https://awm-math.org/

Living people
Mathematicians from Texas
American women mathematicians
Texas A&M University faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
Cornell University alumni
21st-century

masks: Sueeller Geller Geller Geller Geller Geller Geller


texts:
<mask> (born July 26, 1941) is an American former football coach who held a variety of defensive and special teams coaching positions at the college and professional levels of the sport, including 17 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He attended Boromeo High School in Wickliffe, Ohio before matriculating to John Carroll University. He graduated from John Carroll in 1963 with a degree in history and Latin and earned a master’s degree in American history (emphasis in American-Russian relations) from John Carroll in 1967. Priefer is the Father of NFL Special Teams Coordinator <mask>. Coaching Career 1963-1997
Priefer began his coaching career at Padua Franciscan High School in Parma, Ohio as an assistant football, baseball and basketball coach in 1963. He was named head baseball coach in 1965 and assistant athletic director in 1966. From 1972-76 he was the head football coach, posting a 34-15 record.In 1977, he jumped from the prep ranks to Miami University (Ohio) where he coached one season before moving on to North Carolina. He spent six seasons (1978–83) with the Tar Heels—one season as defensive backfield coach and five years as defensive line coach. North Carolina went to five straight bowl games during that time, posting a 50-20-1 record. Preceding his tenure at Georgia Tech, Priefer spent two seasons (1984–85) as the special teams coach for the Green Bay Packers. He also assisted with the Packers’ linebackers. In 1984, Priefer’s kickoff coverage team led the NFL by allowing only 16.0 yards per return and the special teams finished with the top average ranking in the NFC Central division. At Georgia Tech, Priefer cultivated a pass defense that ranked No.1 in the country for several weeks in both the 1988 and 1990 seasons. Tech’s pass defense ranked eighth in the country in 1991 and ranked in the top 15 three times. Priefer possesses 29 years

masks:
Charles John Priefer
Mike Priefer