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 Test against New Zealand at Ahmedabad and the match was drawn. In the second match of the series at his home ground Hyderabad, he scored 74 and the match ended in another draw. After failing in the first Test of the South African tour, <mask> once again helped India to a historic win at Durban. India struggled to cope with Dale Steyn in the first innings before getting bundled out for 205. <mask>'s 38 was the highest score in that innings. In the second innings, India were struggling at 94/5 and he put on crucial partnerships with Dhoni and Zaheer Khan to help his team to 228, giving South Africa a target of 303. South Africa were bundled out for 215 giving India an 87-run win that helped level the series 1–1.He was awarded the Man of the Match for his match-winning innings of 96. In three test matches, <mask> scored three consecutive fifties including two scores in eighties against the West Indies during India's tour of West Indies in June 2011. Retirement
During India's Tour to England, <mask> scored just two half-centuries in eight innings as India went down 0–4 to England. This was India's first Test series loss since its 2007-08 tour of Australia. <mask> got out with the pull shot frequently in this series, which otherwise he is good at. As part of West Indies tour to India in September 2011, <mask> scored a magnificent 176 not out in the second test, and India went to win the match by an innings and 13 runs. <mask> was adjudged Man of the Match.India went on to win the series 1–0. <mask> failed to live to his expectations during India's tour of Australia in November 2011, as India went down 0–4 to

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 Australia, with <mask> scoring only two half centuries in eight innings. For the first time in four tours to Australia, Laxman failed to register a century in the series; and also for the first time in four test matches played at Sydney Cricket Ground he failed to touch the three figure mark. After this series, there were calls from the media and former cricketers that it was time for older players like <mask>, Dravid and Sachin to consider retirement. On 18 August 2012, <mask> announced his retirement from international cricket. Although he was selected for the upcoming New Zealand series, he opted not to play in the series but he will play in domestic cricket for Hyderabad and the Indian Premier League . It was announced that the northern stand at the Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium will now be named after him.Record against Australia
<mask> was particularly prolific against Australia, in both Tests and One Day Internationals. Six out of his 17 Test hundreds, and four out of his six ODI hundreds came against Australia. He has two double-centuries in Tests, both against Australia: his personal best of 281 at Kolkata in 2000–01, and 200 not out at Feroz Shah Kotla in 2008–09. The Australians admitted that they did not know where to bowl to him. Golden series (2001 against Australia)
<mask>'s career changed dramatically in the 2001 home series against Australia. In the first Test at Mumbai, <mask> made 20 and 12, as the entire Indian batting line-up, with the exception of Sachin Tendulkar, capitulated, leading to a 10-wicket defeat. This was Australia's 16th consecutive Test win and extended

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texts: their own world record.In the next Test at Eden Gardens, Kolkata, however, <mask> produced a match-winning and series-defining performance. After scoring 59 in the first innings, <mask> shot to fame with an extraordinary knock of 281 in the second innings (following on) when under tremendous pressure and with Australia looking set for a crushing 17th win in a row. He broke Sunil Gavaskar's long standing Indian Test record score of 236*. This remained the highest ever by an Indian until it was eclipsed by Virender Sehwag's triple ton against Pakistan in Multan in March 2004. The innings also contributed to a record partnership of 376 with Rahul Dravid who made 180 and together they survived the whole 4th day. <mask>'s performance was of enormous consequence: India had been on the brink of an innings defeat but went on to win the Test and the series, denying Steve Waugh's conquest of the "final frontier". This was only the third time in the history of cricket that a team had managed to win a Test after being forced to follow on.It has become one of the most celebrated tales of Indian cricket, and the innings is ranked the sixth best Test innings ever by Wisden Cricketers' Almanack. At the time, the pitch was taking significant turn, and to negate Laxman's free scoring, Australian leg spinner Shane Warne pitched his deliveries into the footmarks outside leg stump. However, such was Laxman's play that he consistently drove the ball through long on for boundaries against the spin, something that is considered to be technically dangerous. When Warne attempted to stop Laxman from scoring by defensively stationing

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 most of the fielders on the leg side (leg theory) and bowling outside leg stump, Laxman proceeded to skip down the pitch and drive Warne inside-out through the vacant off side, hitting through the line of a substantially turning ball. Warne later admitted that he was clueless as to how to stop Laxman. <mask> went on to score 65 and 66 in the third and the final Test match at Chennai, which India won by 2 wickets and won the series 2–1. Laxman had great amount of success batting at No.3 in the ODI series that followed the Tests, as he scored 45, 51, 83, 11 and 101 in the five games, thus cementing his spot in the ODI line-up as well.In the Coca-Cola Tri-Series later that year in Sri Lanka, Laxman scored 212 runs in 7 matches with two fifties and a decent average of 36. Permanent member (2002–2004)
<mask> then cemented his place both in the Test and one day teams for a few years. After bad performances in the Test series against Zimbabwe, he did well in the first two ODIs scoring 75 and 52, but couldn't convert the starts into big knocks in the next three matches. <mask> managed to score a fighting 89 in the second Test at Port Elizabeth, when the rest of the team struggled to survive against Shaun Pollock's deadly bowling, helping his team put up 201 on the board and avoid an embarrassing follow-on. Against the touring England in late 2001, he scored 75, sharing a 100-plus run partnership with Tendulkar to take his team out of trouble. He had a great tour of West Indies, as he scored 474 runs in 8 innings at an average of 79. He had scores of 69, 69*, 74, 1, 43, 130, 65* and 23 in that series.He performed


texts: reasonably well during West Indies tour of India as well, particularly in the third match at Kolkata, where he scored 48 and 154*. He followed it up with brilliant showing in the 7-match ODI series as well with scores of 47, 99, 66 and 71 in the first five games. But his form dropped during India's tour of New Zealand in 2002–03. In the first Test at Wellington, he got a pair and in the second match he could score only 23 and 4. However, he had a brilliant 2-match Test series against the same team in India as he scored a half-century along with 44 in the first Test and 104* and 67* in the second match. He won the Man of the Series award for his impressive batting performances in the two Test match series. In October 2003, he scored 102 in the first ODI against Australia at Gwalior, sharing a 190-run second wicket partnership with Tendulkar.However he failed to deliver on a consistent basis in ODIs. He continued to perform well against Australia, especially during India's tour of Australia in 2003–04, in which he hit three ODI and two Test centuries. He was involved in two century partnerships, one with Tendulkar and the other with Dravid, in the Brisbane ODI against Australia where he remained unbeaten on 102. His 106* against the same opponents at Sydney saw him put up a fourth-wicket partnership of 213 runs with Yuvraj Singh, who scored his career-best 139. In the next ODI against Zimbabwe, <mask> scored a 138-ball 131, once again setting up 2 hundred-run stands. He scored 148 in the famous Adelaide Test, sharing a triple century partnership with Rahul Dravid, which India won by 4 wickets. This was their


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 first Test victory in Australia in two decades.His innings of 178 at Sydney also came in a triple century partnership, on this occasion with Sachin Tendulkar. India went on to post 705/7 in their first innings which is their highest total in Test cricket. <mask> scored a total of 494 runs from the 4 Tests at a staggering average of 82. During this series, Ian Chappell described Laxman as Very Very Special <mask>. His 107 (104) against Pakistan in the fifth and the final ODI at Lahore, helped India win by 40 runs and clinch the series 3–2. Decline of form (2004–2005)
However, Laxman's form was on the decline since the series against Australia. Beginning with the series in Pakistan in 2004, Laxman had only Test centuries to his credit, with one coming against a weak Zimbabwe side.He averaged just 31 in the Test series in Pakistan in 3 matches. His only half-century (71) came in a high-scoring game at Rawalpindi where India made a mammoth 600 to win the game by an innings and 131 runs. He struggled to score in the ODI series in England which put question marks over his future in the shorter format. He struggled against his favourite opponents Australia in the home series in October–November 2004, although his 69 in the low-scoring final Test at Mumbai was instrumental for India to record a consolation victory. He had a mixed Test series against Pakistan in 2005. He scored 58 in the first Test, 0 and 24 in the second and 79* and 5 in the third. He batted well in the Sri Lanka Test series scoring a fifty at Delhi and a crucial century (104) in the last match at Ahmedabad.<mask> was dropped after scoring a duck


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 in the first Test against England at Nagpur in March 2006. He regained his place for the tour of the West Indies in place of the injured Tendulkar, and made a hundred in the third Test. He also scored a resilient 63 in the second innings to deny West Indies the victory in the same match. In ODIs, <mask> was left out persistently since Greg Chappell took over as coach in mid-2005, mainly on account of his slow ground fielding and running between the wickets; <mask> is a highly regarded close-catching fielder in stationary positions but in ODIs, these positions are generally disused except for the opening phases of the match, and players otherwise have to patrol substantial spaces and retrieve balls. Another reason was a perception that his batting is too one paced for ODI cricket and that he lacks the ability to score at a high rate as required when the batting team has the momentum, or in the closing stages of the innings. This was despite his superb form in Australia and Pakistan in early 2004, when he made four centuries in 14 games, including three in a week in the VB Series in Australia. Return to form

In December 2005, <mask> helped India to victory against Sri Lanka with a fine century.In June 2006, <mask> again rescued India from a difficult position against the West Indies with a gritty century. In November 2006, he was selected in the test squad for India's tour of South Africa. In the first test in Johannesburg <mask> scored 73 in the second innings to help India claim a historic 123 run win. In the 2007 tour of England <mask> produced three good innings, two of which were half-centuries and a


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 vital 39 that helped India draw the first test at Lords. He passed the 5000 run landmark in the first day of the final test. In India's home series against Pakistan in 2007, V.V.S<mask> once again showed his importance to the team with a disciplined batting performance in the 1st Test at Delhi, as he scored 72* in dire circumstances.He then followed that innings of 72 in the first test with 112 in the second test. This ensured his place on the tour of Australia which would be his third to that country. Bowling
A very occasional bowler at Test level, <mask> took 2 wickets in his test career. One against the West Indies, and the other against Pakistan. The Cricket Advisory Committee
Laxman is one of the member of the elite three-man panel that consists of three Legends of Cricket, Laxman being one, Sachin Tendulkar and Sourav Ganguly being the other two. This three-man panel is known as the Cricket Advisory Committee of BCCI. The Cricket Advisory Committee (CAC) was set up by Mr. Anurag Thakur (then Secretary) and late BCCI President Mr. Jagmohan Dalmiya.This committee was set up to advise BCCI on various issues and to help BCCI with their immense Cricketing experience. The Cricket Advisory Committee took several important decisions that includes the recommendation for the selection of Anil Kumble (ex-coach) who stepped down as the coach and recommendation of selection of Ravi Shastri (present coach) for the post of coach of the Indian cricket team. <mask> was also appointed as the batting consultant in Cricket Association of Bengal (CAB)'s vision 2020 project. International centuries

<mask> made his Test

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Laxman
Laxman
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 debut against South Africa in November 1996, and took almost four years to score his first century when he scored 167 against Australia at the Sydney Cricket Ground in 2000. <mask>'s next century came against the same team in 2001, when he made 281 at Eden Gardens, Kolkata. The score is the highest individual score in a Test match between India and Australia. It was also the highest individual score by an Indian at that time.In Test matches, <mask> has scored centuries against all the Test cricket playing nations except England and Bangladesh. As of 2012, he is seventh on the list of leading Test century makers for India. <mask> has scored two double centuries and has been dismissed four times between the score of 90 and 99 in test matches. In ODIs, <mask> has scored six centuries against three countries including four against Australia. His first ODI century was against Australia in the last match of a five match series, held at the Fatorda Stadium in Margao in 2001. His highest score of 131 came against Zimbabwe at the Adelaide Oval in 2004. Two out of his six ODI centuries were scored at home grounds and four were at away (opposition's home) or neutral venues.He has been dismissed once between the score of 90 and 99. Key

Test cricket centuries

ODI centuries

Achievements and awards
 Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian award, 2011. Arjuna Award, by the Government of India in recognition of his outstanding achievement in sports, 2001. Wisden Cricketer of the Year: 2002. He is one of the few cricketers to score the most centuries (3) in a single ODI series. His innings of 281 against Australia at

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 Kolkata in 2001 was ranked sixth in Wisden's list of 100 great Test innings in the history of the game. He has the record of taking the most catches (12) by a non-wicketkeeper in a single ODI series.He shares this record with Allan Border. He along with Rahul Dravid share the world record for the highest partnership (376 Runs) in 3rd innings of a test match for any wicket during a winning cause. <mask> is one of the six Indian test players in history to score 100 runs in a single session of a test match. <mask> is the second Indian player to score 1000 or more runs at a single ground. He scored 1217 runs at an average of 110.63 at Eden gardens. Only Indian to score 1000 runs at a single ground with an average more than 100. One of only 3 international players (and the only Indian player) to make an unbeaten fifty in both innings of a Test on more than one occasion (the others being Shivnarine Chanderpaul and Steve Smith).<mask> was awarded an honorary doctorate degree on 4 February 2015 by Teri University, New Delhi. References

External links

1974 births
Living people
Indian cricketers
Hyderabad cricketers
South Zone cricketers
India One Day International cricketers
India Test cricketers
Lancashire cricketers
Telugu people
Cricketers from Hyderabad, India
Wisden Cricketers of the Year
Cricketers at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Deccan Chargers cricketers
Otago cricketers
Kochi Tuskers Kerala cricketers
Cricketers who have acted in films
Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports
Recipients of the Arjuna Award
Indian cricket coaches
Indian Premier League coaches
Indian cricket commentators
Commonwealth Games


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<mask> (born 1 May 1964, in Oslo) is a Norwegian politician and political scientist. He is currently serving as the Minister of Climate and the Environment in Jonas Gahr Støre's government. He has been a been a member of the Norwegian Parliament since 2017, representing the Labour Party. He was elected to this seat in the 2017 election, and reelected in the 2021 election. From 2017 to 2021, <mask> was the Labour Party's spokesperson for Energy, Climate and Environment. On 22 August 2014, <mask> was appointed United Nations Special Adviser on Cyprus by former UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. He continued in this capacity under current Secretary-General António Guterres until 14 August 2017, when he stepped down from his UN role in order to engage in the election campaign in Norway.From 2014 to 2016 he served as managing director and member of the Managing Board at the World Economic Forum in Geneva. <mask> <mask> served as Norway's Minister of Defence in Stoltenberg's Second Cabinet from 2011 to 2012, and subsequently as Minister of Foreign Affairs until 2013. Since December 2013, <mask> <mask> has served as a member of the Board of the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD). He was chair of the Board until 14 October 2021. He was a member of the boards of Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) and the Norwegian Atlantic Committee until the same date. Early life and education

<mask> is the son of the jurist, human rights expert, and author Asbjørn <mask> (b. 1933) and Professor of nutritional physiology Wenche <mask> <mask> (b. Barth 1935).He attended the Oslo Cathedral School and graduated from the University of Oslo in 1993 with a cand.polit. degree. He also studied at the Autonomous University of Barcelona. <mask> joined the Labour Party in 1979 and in the 1980s held several positions in AUF (Labour Party Youth). He was secretary-general of the European Movement Norway in 1992-1993 and had a key role in the campaign for Norwegian membership in the EU in 1994. Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI)
In 1993, <mask> began working as a researcher in the United Nations Program at the Norwegian Institute of

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Espen Barth Eide
Eide
Barth Eide
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 International Affairs (NUPI). He became Head of this program in 1996, later working as an advisor to the panel on Threats, Challenges and Change and the Report on Integrated Missions.In 2002 he became the head of NUPI's Department of International Politics, a position he held until he returned to Government in 2005. Political career
During Jens Stoltenberg's first term as Prime Minister, from 2000 to 2001, <mask> served as a Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs. When the Stoltenberg's second cabinet took office after the 2005 elections, <mask> became a Deputy Minister of Defense. In 2010 he again served as a Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs. On 11 November 2011, he was appointed to the post of Minister of Defense. On 21 September 2012, he was appointed to the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs, succeeding Jonas Gahr Støre. After the resignation of Jens Stoltenberg's Government in October 2013, following the September 2013 Parliamentary Elections, he temporarily left Norwegian politics, but returned to Norway and was elected as Member of Parliament for the Oslo Labour Party in the 11 September 2017 Parliamentary Elections.He is again running for Parliament in the 2021 Norwegian Parliamentary Election. From 2001 to 2013, <mask> was a member of the Presidency of the Party of European Socialists. In 2004, he led a policy review on integrated missions commissioned by the UN Secretariat. He also served as adviser to the High-Level Panel on UN Reform, which concluded its work in 2005. He has also been active in the World Economic Forum since 2003, and a regular attendee of the Munich Security Conference since 2006. Minister of Defence
<mask> was appointed as defence minister by Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg on 11 November 2011 after Grete Faremo was appointed minister of justice. <mask> described his new position as "a great responsibility" and said he would not make "revolutionary changes".In March 2012, <mask> criticized NATO Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussens for saying that he was open to the possibility of using information gained under torture. <mask> pronounced this "unacceptable", saying that it violated international conventions.

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 <mask> recognized that Norway's purchase of fighter jets would reduce the amount of funding available for other purposes . In June 2012, <mask> made the opening remarks at a seminar in Oslo on "Masculinity and the Military", saying that Norway was beginning the "final stage of the transformation of the armed forces", taking "a fundamentally new approach to how we recruit, invest in and maintain a pool of highly qualified personnel." In addition to "recruiting those who can run long distances and carry a heavy back pack", he explained, the military would seek to "attract those who are especially skilled in new technologies. Young people who can make an impact on system and strategy thinking. Indeed we need women and men who are inclined to find cyberspace more fascinating than wildlife and hiking."On 11 September 2012, <mask> delivered a speech marking the end of Norway's involvement in the war in Afghanistan. Minister of Foreign Affairs

2012
Prime Minister Stoltenberg named <mask> Minister of Foreign Affairs on 21 September 2012 in a cabinet reshuffle. <mask> gave an extensive interview to Der Spiegel in October 2012 about the responsible exploitation of Arctic resources. Asked in December 2012 about the EU's growing economic crisis, <mask> said, "I believe the answer is more Europe. Less Europe or some kind of disintegration is not just wrong, but it can in fact be quite dangerous." If countries abandon the EU, he said, it cannot "bring peace in Europe or a visible Europe in the global arena." In December 2012, <mask> urged the United Kingdom to remain in the EU.The next month, asked whether Britain would be better off in the EEA rather than in the EU, <mask> underscored that it would be best for the EU if Britain left its status unchanged: "As a historic and current close ally of Norway, I think we see more advantages in Britain still being a part of the EU in the future, so that British pragmatism on many issues has a seat at the table when important issues are discussed." 2013
At an Arctic Frontiers conference in Tromsø in January 2013, <mask> signed a Host Country Agreement between Norway and the Arctic Council, establishing a permanent

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 secretariat for the council in that city. At a joint press conference on 12 March 2013 in Washington, D.C., with newly appointed U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry, <mask> said that Norway was working "closely with the Syrian opposition", by providing humanitarian aid and, "trying to help them to set up local council inside Syria." But Norway, like the U.S., was not yet, "actively arming the rebels", though it agreed with the U.S. that "President Assad has lost all credibility, he must go. We need to work with the Syrian opposition, we need to help them to unify, we need to help them to consolidate messages, and we need to make sure that the Security Council finally is able to come to a kind of joint position in this issue. And I think on these issues we are very much of the same approach." In March 2013, <mask> addressed the first-ever governmental conference on the humanitarian consequences of nuclear weapons."Time is not on our side", he told the audience. "The technology exists, on more hands, and we know that more states and non-state groups are contemplating acquiring real weapons. On top of this, comes the risk of accidental detonation, for instance due to improper handling of nuclear weapons." In April 2013, <mask> declared that a new wave of violence in the state of Rakhine in Burma should not be considered identical to earlier conflicts in that country, which resulted from government oppression. He expressed confidence that Burmese authorities were taking the situation seriously and were eager to establish reconciliation and peace. <mask> hailed the "historic agreement" between Serbia and Kosovo in April 2013 which resolved all outstanding questions between the two countries. Meeting with Serbian First Deputy Prime Minister Aleksandar Vučić in Belgrade, <mask> said that even though Norway is not a member of the EU, it strongly supports Serbia's EU pathway.Minister of Climate and the Environment
On 14 October 2021, <mask> was appointed Minister of Climate and the Environment in Støre's Cabinet. <mask> <mask> and Minister of Trade and Industry Jan Christian Vestre announced that the government would work actively to cut emissions, with

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texts: him saying: "We must dispose of the emissions we have left in the best possible way. We will look for the most rational, cost-effective and efficient measures that reduce emissions in all sectors of society". Ahead of the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference, <mask> <mask> expressed hopes to make substantial progress regarding discussions about the Paris climate agreement's article 6. He also said that he wanted to assist in finding a solution to the quota trading. <mask> <mask> expressed that an overview over climate emissions from consumption could be necessary. He further said it was something Norway should become better at, but couldn't yet say when such a process would be started.However, he did reassure that it would be started gradually over time. Early into the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Glasgow, <mask> <mask> said it was also too early to say if any significant progress could be made. He did however stress the importance of the work against climate change and putting 1,5 degrees as a target for the world to reach. He also advised that money that goes to climate adaption should be tripled. <mask> <mask> stated that Greta Thunberg's statements of the seriousness of the climate crisis were acceptable, but he further warned that saying that the policies and the conference being useless, would be heading down a dangerous path. He further added a message to Thunberg and her supporters: "I believe that the strong and sensible commitment to make something happen must be converted into political action, not into rejecting the whole idea of democratic political change. It's a bit important to get that balance in order there, and that is my message to Greta Thunberg and those who cheer her on".In late November, <mask> approved the culling of 26 wolves living in various parts of Norway. On the issue, he commented: "The Ministry of Climate and the Environment has dealt with complaints about the predatory game committees' decisions on licensing of up to 26 wolves outside the wolf zone. We have not found grounds to change the decision. They are therefore final". The wolves are a critical endangered species in Norway. In

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 early February <mask>  proudly announced that the government had won in the appeal court against a temporary injunction to further cull 26 wolves inside the designated wolf zone. The culling of the wolves started the very next day, bringing the Norwegian wolf even closer to extinction.<mask> <mask> received criticism from the Socialist Left Party in January 2022 after having spoken "warmly" about the country's oil and gas industry in a meeting with the European Union's Commissioner for Climate Action Frans Timmermans. The party's spokesperson for climate policy, Lars Haltbrekken, stated that his party "fears that fossil gas will displace renewable and emission-free energy". He also indicated that the party would question <mask> <mask> about the matter, and to "get him to realise that fossil energy is not the solution, not even in a temporary period". <mask> <mask> responded to the criticism, saying: "In an ideal world, one should really say that only completely green things are green. But part of the problem with taxonomy is that everything has to be green at once. Then you will not catch the transition from brown to green, which the gas can be if it replaces coal, but which it is not if it replaces wind. As long as you aim for zero emissions in the end, then this is a natural part of the way there".<mask> <mask> and his predecessor, Sveinung Rotevatn, both agreed that Norwegian politicians hasn't done enough to fight against climate change. Either he or Rotevatn expressed that the 1,5 target wasn't impossible to reach, although it could be difficult. In response to a joint letter from governors and mayors from the area surrounding the Oslo fjord regarding nitrogen pollution, <mask> <mask> responded saying that he appreciated the enthusiasm regarding the issue. He also promised to meet the effected local leaders regarding measures to strengthen nitrogen purification and solutions to other issues mentioned in the letter. Chair of the Board, Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue
In December 2013, <mask> joined the Board of the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue (HD), a private diplomacy organisation whose mission is to help mitigate armed violence

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 through dialogue and mediation. Since 2016 he was Vice Chair and from June 2019, he has been the chair of the Board of the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue. He resigned from this post when he was appointed minister on 14 October 2021.Board memberships, SIPRI and The Norwegian Atlantic Committee
<mask> was a member of the board of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) from 2017 to 2021, and was a board member of the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI) from 2014 to 2017. From 2017 to 2021, he was a member of the Board of the Norwegian Atlantic Committee and a member of the European Leadership Network (ELN) in London. Special Adviser for Cyprus
In 2014, he was appointed UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon's Special Adviser for Cyprus. As a UN Under-Secretary General, <mask> led the United Nations Good Offices Mission in Cyprus for three years. In 2016, after two years of intensified negotiations and liaison, he stated that both sides are strongly committed to the peace process and that settlement discussions are held without taboos on all issues. He was reappointed in this position by Secretary General António Guterres in 2017. An International Conference on Cyprus was inaugurated on 12 January 2017 in Geneva, but closed without having arrived at a final settlement at its last session in Crans-Montana, Switzerland, on 6 July 2017.On 14 August 2017, he announced his resignation as UN special envoy to Cyprus in order to run for elected office in Norway. A new Special Adviser has so far not been appointed and negotiations have not resumed. Personal life
<mask> <mask> is married and has three sons. He met his wife in the late 1980s in Barcelona, when they were both active in the European Movement. His oldest son was at Utøya at the time of the 2011 Norway attacks, and ultimately survived it. References

External links

Regjeringen.no biography

|-

1964 births
Living people
Foreign Ministers of Norway
Labour Party (Norway) politicians
Ministers of Climate and the Environment of Norway
Norwegian political scientists
Norwegian state secretaries
People educated at Oslo Cathedral School
University of Oslo

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<mask> (; born August 22, 1935) is an American novelist, short story writer, and journalist. She has written most frequently as <mask> but has also used the names E<mask> and E.A<mask>. She won the PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction for her first novel, Postcards. Her second novel, The Shipping News (1993), won both the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction and the U.S. National Book Award for Fiction and was adapted as a 2001 film of the same name. Her short story "Brokeback Mountain" was adapted as an Academy Award, BAFTA and Golden Globe Award-winning motion picture released in 2005. Personal life
<mask> was born <mask> in Norwich, Connecticut, the daughter of Lois Nellie (Gill) and <mask>.Her first name honored one of her mother's aunts. She is of English and French-Canadian ancestry. Her maternal forebears came to America 15 years after the Mayflower, in 1635. She graduated from Deering High School in Portland, Maine, then attended Colby College "for a short period in the 1950s", where she met her first husband, H. Ridgely Bullock, Jr. She later returned to college, studying at the University of Vermont from 1966 to 1969, and graduated cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa with a B.A. in history in 1969. She earned her M.A. from Sir George Williams University (now Concordia University) in Montreal, Quebec in 1973 and pursued, but did not complete, a Ph.D.In 1999, Concordia awarded her an honorary doctorate. <mask> lived for more than 30 years in Vermont, has married and divorced three times, and has three sons and a daughter (Jonathan, Gillis, Morgan, and Sylvia). In 1994 she moved to Saratoga, Wyoming, spending part of the year in northern Newfoundland on a small cove adjacent to L'Anse aux Meadows. <mask> now lives in Port Townsend, Washington. <mask> has four sisters: twins Joyce and Janet, who live in Louisiana and Florida respectively; Roberta, of Fairlee, Vermont; and Jude, another writer who lives in Wales. Writing career and recognition
Starting as a journalist, her first published work of fiction is

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Edna Ann Proulx
Annie Proulx
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Georges Napoléon Proulx
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 thought to be "The Customs Lounge", a science fiction story published in the September 1963 issue of If, under the byline "E.A. Proulx".Another contender, a year later, was a science fiction story called "All the Pretty Little Horses", which appeared in teen magazine Seventeen in June 1964. She subsequently published stories in Esquire magazine and Gray's Sporting Journal in the late 1970s, eventually publishing her first collection in 1988 and her first novel in 1992. Subsequently, she was awarded NEA (in 1992) and Guggenheim (in 1993) fellowships. A few years after receiving much attention for The Shipping News, she had the following comment on her celebrity status:

In 1997, <mask> was awarded the Dos Passos Prize, a mid-career award for American writers. <mask> has twice won the O. Henry Prize for the year's best short story. In 1998, she won for "Brokeback Mountain", which had appeared in The New Yorker on October 13, 1997. <mask> won again the following year for "The Mud Below", which appeared in The New Yorker June 22 and 29, 1999.Both appear in her 1999 collection of short stories, Close Range: Wyoming Stories. The lead story in this collection, entitled "The Half-Skinned Steer", was selected by author Garrison Keillor for inclusion in The Best American Short Stories 1998, (<mask> herself edited the 1997 edition of this series) and later by novelist John Updike for inclusion in The Best American Short Stories of the Century (1999). In 2001 <mask> was one of the writers heavily criticized by Brian Reynolds Myers in his polemical work A Reader's Manifesto. In 2007, the composer Charles Wuorinen approached <mask> with the idea of turning her short story "Brokeback Mountain" into an opera. The opera of the same name with a libretto by <mask> herself premiered January 28, 2014, at the Teatro Real in Madrid. It was praised as an often brilliant adaptation that clearly conveyed the text of the libretto with music that is rich in imagination and variety. In 2017 she received the Fitzgerald

masks:
Annie Proulx
Proulx
Proulx
Proulx
Proulx
Proulx
Proulx


texts:
 Award for that year for Achievement in American Literature.Bibliography

Nonfiction

 Plan and Make Your Own Fences & Gates, Walkways, Walls & Drives (1983),
The Fine Art of Salad Gardening. 1985. The Gourmet Gardener: Growing Choice Fruits and Vegetables with Spectacular Results (1987),

 Bird Cloud: A Memoir (2011),
Foreword (2018) In: Wild Migrations: Atlas of Wyoming's Ungulates. Alethea Y. Steingisser, Emilene Ostlind, Hall Sawyer, James E. Meacham, Matthew J. Kauffman, and William J. Rudd (Eds.). Brokeback Mountain (2005), directed by Ang Lee and starring Heath Ledger and Jake Gyllenhaal, was based on a story of the same name in Proulx's collection of short stories, Close Range. Barkskins, a National Geographic television series based on Proulx's 2016 novel, premiered on May 25, 2020. References

Further reading
 "<mask>ulx."Contemporary Authors Online. Detroit: Gale, 2011. Hennessy, Denis M. "<mask>x." American Short-Story Writers Since World War II: Fifth Series. Ed. Richard E. Lee and Patrick Meanor. Detroit: Gale, 2007.Dictionary of Literary Biography Vol. 335. External links

Books That Changed My Life PEN World Voices at the New York Public Library May 4, 2008
An Interview with <mask>x, Bookslut, December 2005. Interview with <mask> in the Fall 2005 Wyoming Library Roundup (PDF 3.69 MB)

1935 births
Living people
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American women writers
American women novelists
Postmodern writers
National Book Award winners
Pulitzer Prize for Fiction winners
PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction winners
American people of English descent
American people of French-Canadian descent
Writers from Portland, Maine
Novelists from Connecticut
Novelists from Vermont
Writers from Wyoming
Colby College alumni
Sir George Williams University alumni
University of Vermont alumni
Concordia University alumni
The New Yorker people
Novelists from Maine
People from Saratoga, Wyoming
Deering High School

masks:
Annie Pro
Annie Proul
Annie Proul
Annie Proulx


texts:
<mask> (born August 21, 1981) is an American investor, founder of Winklevoss Capital Management and Gemini cryptocurrency exchange, and Olympic rower. Winklevoss co-founded HarvardConnection (later renamed ConnectU) along with his brother <mask> and a Harvard classmate of theirs, Divya Narendra. In 2004, the <mask> brothers sued Mark Zuckerberg, claiming he stole their ConnectU idea to create the much more popular social networking service site Facebook. As a rower, Winklevoss competed in the men's pair rowing event at the 2008 Summer Olympics with his identical twin brother and rowing partner, Cameron. Forbes estimates that each twin has a cryptocurrency holding of $1.4 billion. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Southampton, New York, and raised in Greenwich, Connecticut. He is the son of Carol (née Leonard) and <mask>, a professor of actuarial science at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania and author.Winklevoss attended Greenwich Country Day School and graduated from  Brunswick School. Winklevoss studied classical piano for 12 years, beginning at age 6. He studied Latin and Ancient Greek in high school. During his junior year, he and his twin brother Cameron founded the crew program. On June 14 2002, Winklevoss' older sister, Amanda, died from unknown causes on the set of Analyze That in New York City. He matriculated to Harvard College in 2000 and majored in economics, earning an AB degree and graduating in 2004. At Harvard, he was a member of the men's varsity crew, the Porcellian Club and the Hasty Pudding Club.In 2009, Winklevoss began a graduate business study at the Saïd Business School at the University of Oxford and completed an MBA in 2010. While at Oxford, he was a member of Christ Church, an Oxford Blue, and rowed in the losing Blue Boat in the 156th Oxford-Cambridge Boat Race. ConnectU

In December 2002, Winklevoss, along with his brother Cameron Winklevoss and fellow Harvard classmate Divya Narendra, sought a better way to connect with fellow students at Harvard

masks:
Tyler Howard Winklevoss
Cameron Winklevoss
Winklevoss
Tyler Winklevoss
Howard Winklevoss


texts:
 University and other universities. The three conceived of a social network for Harvard students named HarvardConnection; the concept ultimately expanded to other schools around the country. In January 2003, they enlisted the help of fellow Harvard student, programmer and friend Sanjay Mavinkurve to begin building HarvardConnection. Mavinkurve commenced work on HarvardConnection but departed the project in spring 2003 when he graduated and went to work for Google. After the departure of Mavinkurve, the Winklevosses and Narendra approached Narendra's friend, Harvard student and programmer Victor Gao, to work on HarvardConnection.Gao, a senior in Mather House, opted not to become a partner in the venture, instead agreeing to be paid in a work for hire capacity. He was paid $400 for his work on the website code during the summer and fall of 2003, when he left the project. Mark Zuckerberg
In November 2003, at the suggestion of Victor Gao, the Winklevosses and Narendra approached Mark Zuckerberg about joining the HarvardConnection team. The previous HarvardConnection programmers had reportedly made progress on coding front-end pages, the registration system, a database, back-end coding, and a way users could connect with each other, which Gao called a "handshake". In early November, Narendra emailed Zuckerberg saying, "We're very deep into developing a site which we would like you to be a part of and ... which we know will make some waves on campus." Within days, Zuckerberg was talking to the HarvardConnection team and preparing to take over programming duties from Gao. On the evening of November 25, 2003, the Winklevosses and Narendra met with Zuckerberg in the dining hall of Harvard's Kirkland House, where they explained to Zuckerberg the HarvardConnection website, the plan to expand to other schools after launch, the confidential nature of the project, and the importance of getting there first.During the meeting, Zuckerberg allegedly entered into an oral contract with Narendra and the Winklevosses and became a


texts:
 partner in HarvardConnection. He was given the private server location and
password for the unfinished HarvardConnection website and code, with the understanding that he would finish the programming necessary for launch. Zuckerberg allegedly chose to be compensated through an interest in the enterprise (sweat equity). On November 30, 2003, Zuckerberg told Cameron Winklevoss in an email that he did not expect completion of the project to be difficult. Zuckerberg writes: "I read over all the stuff you sent and it seems like it shouldn't take too long to implement, so we can talk about that after I get all the basic functionality up tomorrow night." The next day, on December 1, 2003, Zuckerberg sent another email to the HarvardConnection team. "I put together one of the two registration pages so I have everything working on my system now.I'll keep you posted as I patch stuff up and it starts to become completely functional." On December 4, 2003, Zuckerberg writes: "Sorry I was unreachable tonight. I just got about three of your missed calls. I was working on a problem set." On December 10, 2003: "The week has been pretty busy thus far, so I haven't gotten a chance to do much work on the site or even think about it really, so I think it's probably best to postpone meeting until we have more to discuss. I'm also really busy tomorrow so I don't think I'd be able to meet then anyway." A week later: "Sorry I have not been reachable for the past few days.I've basically been in the lab the whole time working on a cs problem set which I'm still not finished with." On December 17, 2003, Zuckerberg met with the Winklevosses and Narendra in his dorm room, allegedly confirming his interest and assuring them that the site was almost complete. On the whiteboard in his room, Zuckerberg allegedly had scrawled multiple lines of code under the heading "Harvard Connection," however, this would be the only time they saw any of his work. On January 8, 2004, Zuckerberg emailed to say he was "completely swamped with work [that] week"


texts:
 but had "made some of the changes ... and they seem[ed] to be working great" on his computer. He said he could discuss the site starting the following Tuesday, on January 13, 2004. On January 11, 2004, Zuckerberg registered the domain name thefacebook.com. On January 12, 2004, Zuckerberg e-mailed Eduardo Saverin, saying that the Facebook site [thefacebook.com] was almost complete and that they should discuss marketing strategies.Two days later, on January 14, 2004, Zuckerberg met again with the HarvardConnection team; however, he allegedly failed to disclose registering the domain name thefacebook.com or developing a competing social networking website. Rather, he allegedly reported progress on HarvardConnection, told the team he would continue to work on it, and would email the group later in the week. On February 4, 2004, Zuckerberg launched thefacebook.com, a social network for Harvard students, designed to expand to other schools around the country. On February 6, 2004, the Winklevosses and Narendra first learned of thefacebook.com while reading a press release in the Harvard student newspaper The Harvard Crimson. According to Gao, who looked at the HarvardConnection code afterward, Zuckerberg had left the HarvardConnection code incomplete and non-functional, with a registration that did not connect with the back-end connections. On February 10, 2004, the Winklevosses and Narendra sent Zuckerberg a cease and desist letter. They also lodged a complaint with the Harvard administration regarding what they viewed as a violation of the university's honor code and student handbook.The Harvard Administrative Board and university president Larry Summers reportedly viewed the matter to be outside of the university's jurisdiction. President Summers advised the HarvardConnection team to take their matter to the courts. Leaked instant messages
Between November 30, 2003, and February 4, 2004, Zuckerberg exchanged a total of 52 emails with the Harvard Connection team and engaged in multiple in-person meetings. During


texts:
 the same period of time, Zuckerberg engaged in multiple electronic instant message communications with people outside of the HarvardConnection team. On March 5, 2010, certain electronic instant messages from Mark Zuckerberg's hard drive were leaked to the public. On September 20, 2010, Facebook confirmed the authenticity of these leaked instant messages in a New Yorker article. The HarvardConnection team subsequently allegedly formed a partnership The Winklevoss Chang Group with i2hub, joining the popular peer-to-peer service with ConnectU.The partnership promoted their properties through bus advertisements and press releases. i2hub integrated its popular software with ConnectU's website as part of the partnership. The team also jointly launched several projects and initiatives. Facebook lawsuits
In 2004, ConnectU filed a lawsuit against Facebook alleging that creator Mark Zuckerberg had broken an oral contract with it. The suit alleged that Zuckerberg had copied ConnectU's idea and illegally used source code intended for the website Zuckerberg was hired to develop. Facebook countersued with respect to Social Butterfly, a Winklevoss Chang Group project. The countersuit named among the defendants ConnectU, Cameron Winklevoss, <mask>, Divya Narendra, and Wayne Chang, founder of i2hub.An agreement settling both cases was reached in February 2008, with the Winklevoss party receiving $20 million in cash and $45 million in Facebook stock. In May 2010, however, ConnectU accused Facebook of misrepresenting the value of the stock that it turned over to the ConnectU plaintiffs as part of the settlement and sought to void the settlement. ConnectU alleged that the value of the stock was $11 million rather than $45 million, as represented by Facebook at the time of settlement. As a result, the total settlement value would have been $31 million, rather than the $65 million reported. On August 26, 2010, the New York Times reported that Facebook shares were then trading at $76 per share in the secondary market, putting the


texts:
 value of the total settlement at close to $120 million. If the lawsuit to revise the settlement were to succeed, the settlement value would rise to $466 million. In April 2011, Ninth Circuit judge Alex Kozinski opined that "[a]t some point, litigation must come to an end.... That point has now been reached." The twins' lawyer said they will seek a rehearing with the entire appeals court bench. In June 2011 it was announced that a decision to pursue the case in the Supreme Court had been withdrawn. Quinn Emanuel lawsuits
One of ConnectU's law firms, Quinn Emanuel, inadvertently disclosed the confidential settlement amount in marketing material by printing "WON $65 million settlement against Facebook". Quinn Emanuel sought $13 million as its contingency fee related to the original settlement. ConnectU fired Quinn Emanuel and sued the law firm for malpractice. On August 25, 2010, an arbitration panel ruled that Quinn Emanuel "earned its full contingency fee."The panel also found that Quinn Emanuel committed no malpractice. The Winklevoss Chang Group lawsuit
On December 21, 2009, i2hub founder Wayne Chang and The i2hub Organization launched a lawsuit against ConnectU and its founders, Cameron Winklevoss, <mask>voss, and Divya Narendra, seeking 50% of the settlement proceeds from the original lawsuit. The complaint says "The Winklevosses and Howard Winklevoss filed [a] patent application, U.S. Patent Application No 20060212395, on or around March 15, 2005, but did not list Chang as a co-inventor. It also states "Through this litigation, Chang asserts his ownership interest in The Winklevoss Chang Group and ConnectU, including the settlement proceeds." Lee Gesmer of Gesmer Updegrove, LLP posted the detailed 33-page complaint online. On May 13, 2011, it was reported that Judge Peter Lauriat made a ruling against the Winklevosses. Chang's case against them could proceed.The Winklevosses had argued that the court lacks jurisdiction because the settlement with Facebook has not been distributed and therefore Chang


texts:
 hasn't suffered any injury. Judge Lauriat wrote, "The flaw in this argument is that defendants appear to conflate loss of the settlement proceed with loss of rights. Chang alleges that he has received nothing in return for the substantial benefits he provided to ConnectU, including the value of his work, as well as i2hub's users and goodwill." Lauriat also wrote that, although Chang's claims to the settlement are "too speculative to confer standing, his claims with respect to an ownership in ConnectU are not. They constitute an injury separate and distinct from his possible share of the settlement proceeds. The court concludes that Chang has pled sufficient facts to confer standing with respect to his claims against the Winklevoss defendants." Rowing
Winklevoss began rowing at the age of 15, encouraged by family friends and the example of a neighbor, Ethan Ayer, who rowed at Harvard University and Cambridge University.He began rowing at the Saugatuck Rowing Club on the Saugatuck River in 1997. His first coach was Irishman James Mangan who coached him and his brother throughout high school. Winklevoss' high school did not have a crew. In his junior year, he and his identical twin brother, <mask>, co-founded the crew program at their high school. In the summer of 1999, he made the United States Junior National Rowing Team, competing in the coxed pair event with his brother at the World Rowing Junior Championships in Plovdiv, Bulgaria. <mask>'s rowing discipline is sweep rowing. He has identified Italian cyclist Mario Cipollini and Italian rowers the Abbagnale brothers (Agostino Abbagnale and Giuseppe Abbagnale) as the most influential people in his sporting career.Harvard
Winklevoss rowed at Harvard for four years, under coach Harry Parker. In 2004, he sat 5-seat in the "engine room" of the Harvard men's varsity heavyweight eight boat. The 2004 crew was nicknamed the "God Squad" because, according to Winklevoss, some of them believed in God while the rest believed they were god. As a Harvard Crimson in 2004 he

masks:
Cameron Winklevoss
Tyler


texts:
 helped the "God Squad" win the Eastern Sprints, the Intercollegiate Rowing Association Championship, and the Harvard–Yale Regatta to cap-off an undefeated collegiate racing season. In the summer of 2004, Winklevoss and the "God Squad" traveled to Lucerne, Switzerland to compete in the Lucerne Rowing World Cup. They defeated the 2004 British and French Olympic eight boats in the semi-final to earn a spot in the grand-final, in which they placed 6th. The team then traveled to the Henley Royal Regatta where they competed in the Grand Challenge Cup.Winklevoss helped his team defeat the Cambridge University Blue Boat in the semi-final before they fell to the Dutch Olympic eight boat team (of the Hollandia Roeiclub) in the final by  of a boat length. The Dutch team went on to win the Olympic silver medal at the Athens Olympic Games a month later. 2007 Pan American Games
In 2007, Winklevoss was named to the United States Pan American Team and competed at the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He won a silver medal in the men's coxless four event and stroked the men's eight boat to a gold medal on the Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas. 2008 Olympic Games
In 2008, Winklevoss was named to the United States Olympic Team and competed at the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, China. He rowed with his brother in the men's coxless pair event which took place at the Shunyi Olympic Rowing-Canoeing Park. The brothers were coached by the renowned Ted Nash.In their first heat, they failed to finish in the top three and did not qualify for the Semifinals. In the Repechage (a last chance to make the Semifinals), they took first, advancing them to the Semifinals. A strong finish in Semifinal 2 put them in the Final. They ended up finishing sixth out of the fourteen countries which had qualified for the Olympics. The Boat Race 2010
In 2010, <mask> rowed alongside his brother Cameron in The Boat Race 2010 representing Oxford, losing to the Cambridge boat by 1⅓ lengths. Winklevoss Capital Management

In 2012, <mask> and his brother

masks: Tyler Tyler


texts:
 Cameron founded Winklevoss Capital Management, a firm that invests across multiple asset classes with an emphasis on providing seed funding and infrastructure to early-stage startups. The company is headquartered in New York's Flatiron District.Gemini

In 2014, <mask> and his brother Cameron founded Gemini, a digital currency exchange and custodian that allows customers to buy, sell, and store digital assets. It is a New York trust company that is regulated by the SEC. Popular culture
<mask> and his brother Cameron are both played by actor Armie Hammer in The Social Network (2010), a film directed by David Fincher about the founding of Facebook. Actor Josh Pence was the body double for <mask> with Hammer's face superimposed. The twins were depicted on the animated television show The Simpsons in the eleventh episode of Season 23 in the episode called "The D'oh-cial Network" which aired on January 15, 2012. The Winklevoss twins are seen rowing in the 2012 Olympic Games against Marge Simpson's sisters Patty and Selma. There is a reference made to the $65 million Facebook settlement.<mask> and Cameron are featured as the main protagonists in the 2019 novel Bitcoin Billionaires: A True Story of Genius, Betrayal, and Redemption

References

External links

1981 births
American male rowers
Living people
Rowers at the 2007 Pan American Games
Rowers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic rowers of the United States
Oxford University Boat Club rowers
People from Southampton (town), New York
American computer businesspeople
American Internet celebrities
Businesspeople in information technology
Harvard Crimson rowers
Identical twins
Brunswick School alumni
Alumni of Saïd Business School
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
Twin people from the United States
Twin sportspeople
Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States
Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in rowing
Winklevoss family
Harvard College alumni
People associated with cryptocurrency
Medalists at the 2007

masks: Tyler Tyler Tyler Tyler


texts:
<mask> AO (28 July 19386 August 2012) was an Australian-born art critic, writer, and producer of television documentaries. He was described in 1997 by <mask> of The New York Times as "the most famous art critic in the world." <mask> earned widespread recognition for his book and television series on modern art, The Shock of the New, and for his longstanding position as art critic with TIME magazine. He is also known for his best seller The Fatal Shore (1986), a study of the British convict system in early Australian history. Known for his contentious critiques of art and artists, <mask> was generally conservative in his tastes, although he did not belong to a particular philosophical camp. His writing was noted for its power and elegance. Early life
<mask> was born in Sydney, Australia, in 1938.His father and paternal grandfather were lawyers. <mask>'s father, Geoffrey Forrest <mask>, was a pilot in the First World War, with later careers as a solicitor and company director. He died from lung cancer when <mask> was aged 12. His mother was Margaret Eyre Sealy, née Vidal. His elder brother was Australian politician Thomas Eyre <mask>, the father of former Sydney Lord Mayor Lucy Turnbull, the wife of former Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull. He had another brother Geoffrey and one sister, Constance. Growing up in Rose Bay, Sydney, <mask> was educated at Saint Ignatius' College, Riverview before studying arts and then architecture at the University of Sydney.At university, he associated with the Sydney "Push" – a group of artists, writers, intellectuals and drinkers. Among the group were Germaine Greer and Clive James. Career

As an art critic
<mask>, an aspiring artist and poet, abandoned his

masks:
Robert Studley Forrest Hughes
Robert Boynton
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Robert
Forrest Hughes
Hughes
Hughes


texts: university endeavours to become first a cartoonist and then an art critic for the Sydney periodical The Observer, edited by Donald Horne. <mask> was briefly involved in the original Sydney version of Oz magazine and wrote art criticism for Nation and The Sunday Mirror. In 1961, while still a student, <mask> was caught up in controversy when a number of his classmates demonstrated in a student newspaper article that he had published plagiarised poetry by Terence Tiller and others, and a drawing by Leonard Baskin. <mask> left Australia for Europe in 1964, living for a time in Italy before settling in London in 1965, where he wrote for The Spectator, The Daily Telegraph, The Times, and The Observer, among others, and contributed to the London version of Oz. In 1970 he was appointed art critic for TIME magazine and moved to New York, where he soon became an influential voice.In 1966 <mask> published a history of Australian painting titled The Art of Australia, still considered an important work. <mask> wrote and narrated the BBC eight-part series The Shock of the New (1980) on the development of modern art since the Impressionists. It was produced and in part directed by Lorna Pegram. It was accompanied by a book with the same title. John O'Connor of The New York Times said, "Agree or disagree, you will not be bored. Mr. <mask> has a disarming way of being provocative." <mask>'s TV series American Visions (1997) reviewed the history of American art since the Revolution.<mask>'s documentary on Francisco Goya, Goya: Crazy Like a Genius (2002), was broadcast on the first night of the new British domestic digital service, BBC Four. He created a one-hour update to The Shock of the New, titled The New Shock of the

masks: Hughes Hughes Hughes Hughes Hughes Hughes Hughes Hughes


texts:
 New, which first aired in 2004. He published the first volume of his memoirs, Things I Didn’t Know, in 2006. As a journalist and historian
<mask> and Harold Hayes were recruited in 1978 to anchor the new ABC News (US) newsmagazine 20/20. His only broadcast, on 6 June 1978, proved so controversial that, less than a week later, ABC News president Roone Arledge terminated the contracts of both men, replacing them with veteran TV host Hugh Downs. <mask>'s book The Fatal Shore followed in 1987. A study of the British penal colonies and early European settlement of Australia, it became an international best-seller.During the late 1990s, <mask> was a prominent supporter of the Australian Republican Movement. Australia: Beyond the Fatal Shore (2000) was a series musing on modern Australia and <mask>'s relationship with it. During production, <mask> was involved in a near-fatal road accident. Personal life
<mask> met his first wife, Danne Emerson, in London in 1967. Together they became involved in the counterculture of the 1960s, exploring drug use and sexual freedom. They divorced in 1981; she died of a brain tumour in 2003. Their son, Danton, <mask>'s only child, was named after the French revolutionary Georges Danton.Danton <mask>, a sculptor, committed suicide in April 2001; he was found by his partner, fashion designer Jenny Kee, with whom he had been in a long-term relationship. <mask> later wrote: "I miss Danton and always will, although we had been miserably estranged for years and the pain of his loss has been somewhat blunted by the passage of time". <mask> was married to his second wife, Victoria Whistler, from 1981 until a divorce in 1996. In 1999, <mask> was involved in a near-fatal car accident

masks:
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Robert Hughes
Hughes
Hughes


texts:
 south of Broome, Western Australia. He was returning from a fishing trip and driving on the wrong side of the road when he collided head on with another car carrying three occupants. He was trapped in the car for three hours before being airlifted to Perth in critical condition. <mask> was in a coma for five weeks after the crash.In a 2000 court hearing, <mask>'s defence barrister alleged that the occupants of the other car had been transporting illicit drugs at the time of the accident and were at fault. In 2003 <mask> pleaded guilty to dangerous driving causing bodily harm and was fined A$2,500. He also allegedly described the crown prosecutor, Lloyd Rayney, as a "curry muncher", which resulted in a defamation action and out-of-court settlement. <mask> recounts the story of the accident and his recovery in the first chapter of his 2006 memoir Things I Didn't Know. In 2001, <mask> wed his third wife, the American artist and art director Doris Downes. "Apart from being a talented painter, she saved my life, my emotional stability, such as it is", he said. Death
After a long illness, <mask> died at Calvary Hospital in The Bronx, New York, on 6 August 2012, with his wife at his bedside.He was also survived by two stepsons from his wife's previous marriage, Freeborn Garrettson Jewett IV and Fielder Douglas Jewett; his brothers, Tom and <mask>; a sister, Constance Crisp; and many nieces and nephews. Assessment
When The Shock of the New was proposed to the BBC, television programmers were sceptical that a journalist could properly follow the aristocratic tone of Kenneth Clark, whose Civilisation had been so successful. The Shock of the New proved to be a popular and critical success: it has been assessed

masks:
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Geoffrey Hughes


texts: "much the best synoptic introduction to modern art ever written", taking as its premise the vitality gained by modern art when it ceded the need to replicate nature in favour of a more direct expression of human experience and emotion. <mask>'s explanations of modern art benefited from the coherence of his judgments, and were marked by his ability to summarise the essential qualities of his subject. Whether positive or negative, his judgments were enthusiastic. He championed London painters like Frank Auerbach and Lucian Freud, helping to popularise the latter in the United States, and wrote with unabashed admiration for Francisco Goya and Pierre Bonnard. By contrast <mask> was dismissive of much postmodernism and neo-expressionism, of painters like Julian Schnabel and David Salle, as well as the vicissitudes of a money-fuelled art market.While his reviews expressed antipathy for the avant-garde, he was beholden neither to any theory nor ideology, and managed to provoke both ends of the political spectrum. He distrusted novelty in art for its own sake, yet he was also disdainful of a conservative aesthetic that avoided risk. <mask>, according to Adam Gopnik, was drawn to work that was rough-hewn, "craft attempted with passion." <mask>'s critical prose, vivid in both praise and indignation, has been compared to that of George Bernard Shaw, Jonathan Swift and William Shakespeare. "His prose", according to a colleague, "was lithe, muscular and fast as a bunch of fives. He was incapable of writing the jargon of the art world, and consequently was treated by its mandarins with fear and loathing." In different moods he could write that "Schnabel’s work is to painting what Stallone’s is to acting: a lurching

masks: Hughes Hughes Hughes Hughes


texts:
 display of oily pectorals," as well as conclude that Antoine Watteau "was a connoisseur of the unplucked string, the immobility before the dance, the moment that falls between departure and nostalgia."Artist Jakob Zaaiman has criticised <mask>'s grasp of contemporary art, arguing that he was unable to see beyond a narrow and blinkered classical aestheticism, and so failed to appreciate its theatrical and narrative possibilities. This was said to be particularly evident in his views of Andy Warhol. Honours

Bibliography

Books

  (Condensed version of Barcelona)

Critical studies and reviews

Biographies
 Anderson, Patricia (2009). <mask>: The Australian Years, Sydney: Pandora Press;
 Britain, Ian (1997). Once An Australian: Journeys with Barry Humphries, Clive James, Germaine Greer and <mask>, Oxford University Press;

Notes

External links

 <mask> at Random House Australia
 Valerie Lawson, Sydney Morning Herald, "After legal jousting and vitriol, <mask> fined in absentia for car crash" (2003)
 Eric Ellis, The Bulletin, July 2002, "Shock of the Broome"
 1987 audio interview of <mask> by Don Swaim of CBS Radio, RealAudio
 The New York Times Magazine – Food: Tuna Surprise (A fisherman's journey to Costa Rica)
 The Nation – Christopher Hitchens column on Things I Didn't Know: A Memoir. (25 September 2006)
 Enough Rope, ABC TV Interview – Andrew Denton and <mask>. (13 November 2006)
  with <mask> on CBC Radio's Writers and Company (January 2008)]

 <mask> interviewed on Charlie Rose
 World Socialist Web Site obituary by Clare Hurley, "Art History with a capital A and H: Art critic and social historian <mask>"

1938 births
2012 deaths
Australian art historians
Australian art

masks:
Hughes
Robert Hughes
Robert Hughes
Robert Hughes
Hughes
Robert Hughes
Robert Hughes
Hughes
Robert Hughes
Robert Hughes


texts:
 critics
Time (magazine) people
Australian media personalities
Australian historians
Australian memoirists
Australian people of Irish descent
Australian republicans
Historians of Australia
Officers of the Order of Australia
Australian expatriates in the United States
University of Sydney alumni
Frank Jewett Mather Award winners
People educated at Saint Ignatius' College, Riverview
People from Briarcliff Manor, New York
20th-century Australian


texts:
<mask>, Jr. (October 17, 1927 – September 26, 2009) was the former curator, director of curatorial services, and director of archives and history at the National Museum of Dentistry, an affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution located in Baltimore, Maryland. He was also the author of many articles and books on the history of dentistry and was a practicing dentist for nearly 50 years. Early years
<mask> was born in Baltimore, Maryland, the son of a dentist. He graduated from the University of Maryland Dental School in 1950. He also received a master's degree in oral surgery from the school in 1959. Dental practice
From 1950 to 1953, he served in the U.S. Air Force as a dental officer at Eglin Air Force Base in Okaloosa County, Florida. He attained the rank of captain and was discharged from the military in 1953.From 1953 to 1999, he conducted a general dental practice in Idlewylde, Maryland and later in Towson, Maryland. He was also a member of the visiting dental staff at the University of Maryland Medical Center and taught oral surgery and operative dentistry at the University of Maryland Dental School during the 1950s. Dental historian and writer
<mask> wrote numerous articles about the history of dentistry, including articles on the history of the toothbrush, George Washington's dental health and wooden dentures, women dentists, African-American contract dental surgeons in the Spanish–American War, Dr. James Baxter Bean and the establishment of first military

masks:
John Miller Hyson
Hyson
Hyson


texts:
 maxillofacial hospital and the founding of the West Point Dental Service. <mask>'s articles were published in journals, including Journal of the History of Dentistry, Military Medicine, and the Bulletin of the History of Dentistry. In 1994, he published an article titled "Did You Know A Dentist Embalmed President Lincoln?" in the Bulletin of the History of Dentistry. <mask> also wrote two books on dental history: "History of the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery: The World's First Dental School," and "A History of Dentistry in the U.S. Army to World War II."Dental archivist and collector
<mask> was also affiliated with the National Museum of Dentistry as curator (1992–1996), director of curatorial services (1996–2002), and director of archives and history (2002–2003). In 1999, he received a master's degree in museum studies from the University of Delaware. Hyson was also collector of historic dental memorabilia, including instruments, dental office furniture, U.S. Army Dental Corps uniforms and a folding dental chair from a World War I field hospital. Family and death
Hyson was a resident of Timonium, Maryland. In September 2009, Hyson died of a stroke. Hyson was survived by his wife of 59 years, the former Elayne Rhein, and two sons, <mask><mask> III and Gerald M. <mask>. Selected publications
 "A history of arsenic in dentistry," Journal of the California Dental Association, Feb. 2007
 "Amalgam: Its history and perils," Journal of the California Dental Association,

masks:
Hyson
Hyson
Hyson
John M
. Hyson
Hyson


texts:
 March 2006
 "The dental duel," Journal of History of Dentistry, Spring 2006, p. 24
 "The dental key: a dangerous and barbarous instrument," Journal of History of Dentistry, Nov. 2005, p. 95
 "Robert T. Oliver, DDS: oral surgeon, army dental chief, president ADA," Journal of History of Dentistry, Nov. 2003, p. 121
 "Dental Service Base Hospital No."Mercury poisoning with tooth loss: an 1813 case report," Journal of History of Dentistry, March 1997
 "Portrait of a confederate secret agent: Henry A. Parr, DDS," July 1996
 "African-American dentists in the U.S. Army: the origins," Military Medicine, July 1996
 "The soldier dentist: Colonel <mask>. Lewis of the 5th Vermont," Journal of History of Dentistry, July 1995
 "Female dentists in the U.S. Army: the origins," Military Medicine, Feb. 1995
 "Did you know--a dentist embalmed President Lincoln?," Bulletin of the History of Dentistry, Nov. 1994
 "Dental forensics: the fate of Lieutenant Harrington at the Little Big Horn," Bulletin of the History of Dentistry, Nov. 1993
 "The suicide of General Emory Upton: a case report, Military Medicine, Oct. 1990
 "The United States Military Academy dental service: a history, 1825-1920," (U.S. Military Academy 1989)
 "William Saunders: the United States Army's first dentist--West Point's forgotten man," Military Medicine, Aug. 1984

References

1927 births
2009 deaths
American dentists
Directors of museums in the United States
American dentistry academics
People from Timonium,


texts:
<mask> (;  or Healfdene; ; died 877) was a Viking leader and a commander of the Great Heathen Army which invaded the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England, starting in 865. One of six sons of Ragnar Lodbrok named in Norse sagas, <mask>'s brothers or half-brothers included Björn Ironside, Ivar the Boneless, Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye, Ubba and Hvitserk. Because Halfdan is not mentioned in any source that mentions Hvitserk, some scholars have suggested that they are the same individual – a possibility reinforced by the fact that Halfdan was a relatively common name among Vikings and Hvitserk "white shirt" may have been an epithet or nickname that distinguished Halfdan from other men by the same name. <mask> was the first Viking King of Northumbria and a pretender to the throne of Kingdom of Dublin. It is also possible he was for a time co-ruler of Denmark with his brother Sigurd Snake-in-the-eye, because Frankish sources mention certain Sigfred and <mask> as rulers in 873. He died at the Battle of Strangford Lough in 877 trying to press his Irish claim. Biography
<mask> was one of the leaders of the Great Heathen Army which invaded the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of East Anglia in 865.According to the Norse sagas this invasion was organised by the sons of Ragnar Lodbrok, of whom Halfdan was one, to wreak revenge against Ælla of Northumbria. Ælla had supposedly had Ragnar executed in 865 by throwing him in a snake pit, but the historicity of this explanation is unknown. The invaders are usually identified as Danes, although the tenth-century churchman Asser

masks:
Halfdan Ragnarsson
Halfdan
Halfdan
Halfdan
Halfdan


texts: stated that the invaders came "de Danubia", which translates as "from the Danube"; the fact that the Danube is located in what was known in Latin as Dacia suggests that Asser actually intended Dania, a Latin term for Denmark. In the autumn of 865 the Great Heathen Army landed in East Anglia, where they remained over the winter and secured horses. The following year the army moved northwards and invaded Northumbria, which was at that time in the middle of a civil war between Ælla and Osberht, opposing claimants for the Northumbrian throne. Late in 866 the army conquered the rich Northumbrian settlement of York. The following year Ælla and Osberht made an alliance to retake the town.The attack was defeated, and both of them fell in the battle. With no obvious leader, Northumbrian resistance was crushed and the Danes installed a puppet-king, Ecgberht, to rule in their name and collect taxes for them. Later in the year the Army moved south and invaded the Kingdom of Mercia, capturing the town of Nottingham, where they spent the winter. The Mercian king, Burghred, responded by allying with the West Saxon King Æthelred, and with a combined force they laid siege to the town. The Anglo-Saxons were unable to recapture the city, but a truce was agreed whereby the Danes would withdraw to York. where they remained for over a year, gathering strength for further assaults. The Danes returned to East Anglia in 869, this time intent on conquest.They seized Thetford with the intention of remaining there over the winter, but they were met by an East


texts: Anglian army. The East Anglian army was defeated and its commander, King Edmund, was slain. Medieval tradition identifies Edmund as a martyr who refused the Danes' demand to renounce Christ, and was killed for his steadfast Christianity. Ivar and Ubba are identified as the commanders of the Danes, and the killers of Edmund, and it is unknown what part, if any, Halfdan took. Following the conquest of East Anglia Ivar apparently left the Great Heathen Army – his name disappears from English records after 870. However, he is generally considered to be identical to Ímar, a Norse King of Dublin who died in 873. With Ivar in Ireland, Halfdan became the main commander of the Army, and in 870 he led it in an invasion of Wessex.Sometime after Ivar left the Army a great number of Viking warriors arrived from Scandinavia, as part of the Great Summer Army, led by Bagsecg, bolstering the ranks of <mask>'s army. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the Danes battled the West Saxons nine times, including at the Battle of Ashdown on 8 January 871. However, the West Saxons could not be defeated, and <mask> accepted a truce from Alfred, newly crowned king of Wessex. The Army retreated to the captured town of London and stayed there over the winter of 871/872. Coins minted in London during this period bear the name <mask>, identifying him as its leader. In autumn of 872 the Army returned to Northumbria to quell a revolt against its puppet-regent Ecgberht. However, this explanation for the army's move north has been challenged, and it has been suggested

masks: Halfdan Halfdan Halfdan


texts: the relocation was a result of a war with Mercia.The Army overwintered at Torksey, and was then reported as being in the Repton district a year later. It conquered Mercia in 874, the Mercian King Burghred being deposed and replaced by a Danish-puppet regent, Ceolwulf. Following this victory the Army split in two – one half under Guthrum heading south to continue fighting against Wessex, the other half under Halfdan heading north to fight against the Picts and Britons of Strathclyde. According to the Annals of Ulster, Eystein Olafsson, King of Dublin was "deceitfully" killed in 875 by "Albann", a figure generally agreed to be Halfdan. His brother Ivar had ruled the city prior to his death in 873 and it appears Halfdan's campaigning was an attempt to regain his brother's lost kingdom. Halfdan did not remain in Ireland: in 876 he and his forces returned to Northumbria, and settled an area largely coextensive with the old Kingdom of Deira, with the northern part of Northumbria remaining under Anglian rule. Sources sometimes title Halfdan King of Jórvík, beginning in 876.<mask>'s rule of Dublin was not secure, and he was deposed while away in York. He returned to Ireland in 877 to try to recapture the city, but he was met with an army of "Fair Heathens" – a contentious term usually considered to mean the Viking population who had been in Ireland the longest, as opposed to the newly arrived "Dark Heathens", of whom Halfdan was one. The forces met at the Battle of Strangford Lough, where Halfdan was slain. Those of <mask>'s men who survived the

masks: Halfdan Halfdan


texts:
 battle returned to Northumbria via Scotland, fighting a battle along the way in which Constantine I, King of the Picts was killed. The Vikings of Northumbria remained kingless until 883, when Guthfrith was made king there. Historicity
Halfdan and his supposed brothers are, individually, considered historical figures, although there is no contemporary mention of them being related, and opinion regarding his supposed father is divided. According to Hilda Ellis Davidson, writing in 1979, "certain scholars in recent years have come to accept at least part of Ragnar's story as based on historical fact".Katherine Holman, on the other hand, concludes that "although his sons are historical figures, there is no evidence that Ragnar himself ever lived, and he seems to be an amalgam of several different historical figures and pure literary invention." References
Citations

Bibliography

  Subscription or UK public library membership required. Woolf, Alex, The Age of the Sea-Kings: 900–1300 in Omand, Donald (ed.) (2006) The Argyll Book, Birlinn,

External links

 CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork. The Corpus of Electronic Texts includes the Annals of Ulster and the Four Masters, the Chronicon Scotorum and the Book of Leinster as well as Genealogies, and various Saints' Lives. Most are translated into English, or translations are in progress. 877 deaths
Monarchs of Jorvik
9th-century English monarchs
9th-century Irish monarchs
Year of birth unknown
Vikings killed in battle
Viking rulers
Monarchs killed in action
9th-century


texts:
<mask><mask> (born 1952) is an American author, liberation theologian, and a retired University Professor of Jewish Studies, Professor of History and Director of the Center for Jewish Studies at Baylor University. He is currently visiting professor of several international universities, including the University of Innsbruck, Austria and the United Nations University for Peace, Costa Rica. Biography
<mask> was a member of the Catholic Worker Movement in 1974-1975. He wrote an autobiographical book (1997) Unholy alliance: religion and atrocity in our time. He earned B.A. and M.A. degrees in Religion and American Studies at Florida State University, where he studied under Richard Rubenstein and William Miller.In 1980 he received his doctorate in contemporary American Social and Religious Thought from Marquette University. He then became a faculty member at the Maryknoll School of Theology in Maryknoll, New York, and director of the M.A. program at the Maryknoll Institute for Justice and Peace. He was made full professor in 1988, and remained at Maryknoll until 1995. He was a Senior Fellow and then visiting scholar at Harvard Divinity School's Center for the Study of World Religions and Harvard University's Center for Middle Eastern Studies, as well as a visiting professor at Florida State University. In 1998 he was appointed Professor of American and Jewish Studies at Baylor University, where the next year he was named University Professor of American and Jewish Studies. In 1999 he founded

masks:
Marc H
. Ellis
Ellis


texts:
 Baylor University's Center for American and Jewish Studies.In 2006, the Center was renamed The Center for Jewish Studies. His current writings deal with contemporary Judaism, Jewish liberation theology, Jewish-Arab relations, justice, and peace. <mask> retired from Baylor University in 2012 and is currently visiting professor of international universities such as the United Nations mandated University for Peace in Costa Rica and the University of Innsbruck, Austria. Among those who have commented positively on the work of <mask> are George McGovern, Noam Chomsky, Edward Said, Professor <mask>, Elliot Dorff and Desmund Tutu. <mask>'s departure from Baylor was controversial as he and his supporters, including Cornel West, Rosemary Ruether, and Desmond Tutu, stated that a concerted effort was made to remove him due to his views on Israeli-Palestinian relations. Baylor President Ken Starr and the university administration denied that <mask> was being targeted for his views but that the investigation had to do with privacy rules. <mask> responded that the privacy rules he was charged with violating were selectively enforced.Bibliography
 <mask>, M.H. (2016) "Foreword" in <mask>, Adham (2016): Speaking the Unspeakable: Sounds of the Middle East Conflict. Wiesbaden, Verlag Springer. <mask>, M. H. (2014) Burning Children - A Jewish View of the War in Gaza." <mask>, M. H. (2011) Encountering the Jewish Future: with Wiesel, Buber, <mask>l, Arendt, Levinas. Augsburg Fortress
 <mask>, M. H. (2009)

masks:
Ellis
Ellis
Susannah Heschel
Ellis
Ellis
Ellis
Ellis
Hamed
Ellis
Ellis
Hesche
Ellis


texts:
 Judaism Does Not Equal Israel:  The Rebirth of the Jewish Prophetic. New Press
 <mask>, M. H. (2007) Reading the Torah Out Loud:  A Journey of Lament and Hope.<mask>, M. H. (2005) The End of Jewish History : Auschwitz, The Holocaust and Palestine. .
 <mask>, M. H. (2005) After Arafat: mapping a Jewish/Palestinian solidarity. ASIN B000AJQKUU. <mask>, M. H., & Neuberger, J. (preface) (2004) Toward a Jewish Theology of Liberation: The Challenge of the 21st Century. .
 <mask>, M. H. (2004) The Mural-Covered Wall: On Separation and the Future of Jews and Palestinians in Israel/Palestine and the Diaspora. ASIN B000BG5DE6. <mask>, M. H. (2003) At the end of an era: a meditation on ecumenism, exile and gratitude. ASIN B0008DMKHA.<mask>, M. H. (2002) Israel and Palestine - Out of the Ashes: The Search for Jewish Identity in the Twenty-first Century. .
 <mask>, M. H. (2001) Practicing Exile: The Religious Odyssey of an American Jew. .
 <mask>, M. H. (2000) Revolutionary Forgiveness: Essays on Judaism, Christianity, and the Future of religious Life. .
 <mask>, M. H. (2000) A Year at the Catholic Worker: A Spiritual Journey Among the Poor. <mask>, M. H.(2000) Indigenous minority rights, citizenship, and the new Jerusalem: a reflection on the future of Palestinians and Jews in the expanded state of Israel. ASIN B0008HBG4E. <mask>, M. H. (1999) O Jerusalem: The Contested Future of the Jewish Covenant. .
 McGowan, D., & <mask>, M. H. (1998) Remembering Deir Yassin: The Future of Israel and Palestine. .

masks: Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis


texts:
 <mask>, M. H. (1997) Unholy Alliance: Religion and Atrocity in Our Time. .
 <mask>, M. H. (1995) Restoring the ordinary: A reflection on the consciousness of the Holocaust in Jewish thought in the aftermath of the Israeli-Palestinian accords. ASIN B0006QR1E6. <mask>, M. H.(1994) Ending Auschwitz: The Future of Jewish and Christian Life. .
 <mask>, M. H. (1990) Beyond Innocence and redemption: Confronting the Holocaust and Israeli Power; Creating a Moral Future for the Jewish People. .
 <mask>, M. H. (1990) Expanding the View: Gustavo Gutierrez and the Future of Liberation Theology. .
 <mask>, M. H. (1989) The Future of Dissent: a Reflection on What Shall I Do With This People? Jews and the Fractious Politics of Judaism.ASIN B00082AJUG. <mask>, M. H. (1987)  Toward a Jewish Theology of Liberation Orbis Books, Maryknoll, New York,
 <mask>, M. H. (1986) Faithfulness in an Age of Holocaust. .
 <mask>, M. H. (1981) Peter Maurin: Prophet in the twentieth century.'' . See also
American philosophy
List of American philosophers
Supreme crime

References

Further reading
 Can Jews abroad rescue Israel? My heavy heart at Passover
 On the Rabbis and the Future of Jewish Life

 Walling off the covenant: Jewish identity in the 21st century
 The Ongoing Nakba and the Jewish Conscience: A presentation given at the Palestine Center

1952 births
Florida State University alumni
Harvard University staff
Living people
Writers from Miami
Liberation theologians
Marquette University alumni
Florida State

masks: Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis


texts:
<mask> (born 22 February 1969) is a Belgian professional football manager and former player who recently managed the Iran national team and is now active at Raja CA. During his club career as attacking midfielder, he won trophies with KV Mechelen, Standard Liège and Schalke 04. He also represented the Belgium national team. <mask> has also been a politician, having sat in the Senate for four years for the Mouvement Réformateur party. Club career
In his club career, which started in 1987, Wilmots played for Sint-Truiden, Mechelen, Standard Liège, Schalke 04, and Bordeaux. At Schalke, he helped them to the 1997 UEFA Cup Final. His goal in the first leg was cancelled out by Internazionale in the second leg, but Schalke went on to win the game on penalties, with Wilmots scoring the decisive goal.He retired in 2003, after his second stint with Schalke. During his time with Schalke, the fans there gave him the affectionate nickname "Das Kampfschwein" (The War Pig), which has been picked up by some English language journalists. In Belgium he is known under the nickname the Bull of Dongelberg, an allusion to his birthplace. International career
For Belgium, Wilmots scored 28 goals in 70 caps, his first coming in May 1990. He went to four World Cups, playing in three. After being an unused substitute in 1990, he played 54 minutes in 1994 without scoring, but scored two goals in 1998 and three in 2002, making him Belgium's leading goal scorer in World Cup history. He also scored a goal against Brazil in the last 16 match of the 2002 World Cup which was disallowed because of a "phantom foul" on Roque Júnior.According to Wilmots, the referee Peter Prendergast apologized for the error to him at half time. Wilmots was named as one of the seven reserves in the 2002 World Cup All-Star Team. Wilmots also played in Euro 2000, when Belgium co-hosted the tournament. Managerial

masks:
Marc Robert Wilmots
Wilmots


texts:
 career
<mask> became a football manager in summer 2004 for Sint-Truiden, but was sacked in February 2005. Between 2009 and 2012, he served as assistant manager of the Belgium national team under Dick Advocaat and later Georges Leekens. On 15 May 2012, following the exit of Leekens, <mask> assumed the Belgium reins on an interim basis before going onto become permanent coach, signing a contract until June 2014. On 11 October 2013, Belgium qualified for the 2014 FIFA World Cup.<mask> is credited with "not only giving the young group confidence in themselves as well as enjoying a close relationship with his players but also at the same time being capable of instilling discipline to the squad." During the group stage, Belgium topped the group with all three wins, before exiting the tournament at the quarter-final stage. On 13 October 2015, Belgium won the group to qualify for the UEFA Euro 2016 in the last game of the stage against Israel. After a disappointing European Championship, <mask> was fired by the Royal Belgian Football Association on 15 July 2016. In March 2017 <mask> was appointed as the manager of Ivory Coast national team. However he was sacked from his position six months later after failing to qualify for the World Cup. On 15 May 2019, <mask> agreed a three years contract to become the manager of the Iranian national team, after Portuguese coach Carlos Queiroz left the team after eight years in charge following Iran's semifinal exit in the Asian Cup.He officially signed his contract on 29 May, effective from 1 June 2019. On 4 December 2019, following shock defeats to both Iraq and Bahrain he left his role as Iran coach after six games in charge. On 11 November 2021, Moroccan team Raja CA announced that <mask> would be their new head coach until 2024, succeeding Lassaad Chabbi. Wilmonts was sacked three months later by Raja on 21 February 2022.

masks: Wilmots Wilmots Wilmots Wilmots Wilmots Wilmots Wilmots


texts:
 Political career
After retiring as a footballer, <mask>mots goal. Managerial statistics

Honours

Player
KV Mechelen

 Belgian First Division: 1988–89
 European Super Cup: 1988
 Amsterdam Tournament: 1989
 Jules Pappaert Cup: 1990

Standard Liège

 Belgian Cup: 1992–93
 Intertoto Cup: runner-up 1996

Schalke 04
 UEFA Cup: 1996–97
 DFB-Pokal: 2001–02

Belgium
 FIFA Fair Play Trophy: 2002 World Cup

Individual
 Young Professional Footballer of the Year: 1989–90
 Best Belgian Footballer Abroad: 2001, 2002
 Belgian Sports Merit Award: 2002
Golden Shoe Lifetime Achievement Award: 2002
4 FIFA World Cup participations: 1990, 1994, 1998, 2002
 Belgian Sports Coach of the Year: 2013, 2014
 Raymond Goethals Award: 2015
 Globe Soccer Awards Best Coach of the Year: 2015

References

Bibliography

1969 births
Living people
People from Jodoigne
Belgian footballers
Belgian people of German descent
Sint-Truidense V.V. players
K.V. Mechelen players
Standard Liège players
FC Schalke 04 players
FC Girondins de Bordeaux players
Expatriate footballers in France
Belgian football managers
FC Schalke 04 managers
Expatriate football managers in Germany
Bundesliga managers
Sint-Truidense V.V. managers
Belgium international footballers
1990 FIFA World Cup players
1994 FIFA World Cup players
1998 FIFA World Cup players
2002 FIFA World Cup players
UEFA Euro 2000 players
Belgian First Division A players
Bundesliga players
Expatriate footballers in Germany
Ligue 1 players
Belgian expatriate footballers
Members of the Senate (Belgium)
Mouvement Réformateur politicians
21st-century Belgian politicians
Belgium national football team managers
2014 FIFA World Cup managers
Sportspeople from Walloon Brabant
UEFA Euro 2016 managers
Association football midfielders
Ivory Coast national football team managers
Iran national football team managers
UEFA Cup winning players
Belgian


texts:
Alodía Almira Arraiza Gosiengfiao (born March 9, 1988) is a Filipina cosplayer, model, TV presenter, singer, vlogger, actress and co-founder of Tier One Entertainment. She is also known as Senpai <mask> of the Philippines. As a celebrity endorser, she is one of the ambassadors and VJ for Animax Asia known as the "Ani-mates" and co-host of ABS-CBN's prank show Laugh Out Loud. She has been featured in various magazines, newspapers and TV shows locally and abroad. She appeared on the Filipino FHM 100 Sexiest Women poll, ranking No. 1 in 2009, No. 2 in 2010 and No.3 in 2012; she posed as the cover girl for that magazine on its July 2013 issue. She was named by DOS Magazine as one of the Most Influential Women in the Philippines. Cosplaying

Alodía became involved in cosplay after contacting other anime and video game enthusiasts in an internet fan forum called Animé Club. Encouraged by her friends from the forum, she started cosplaying in 2003 at the age of 15, joining various competitions in Metro Manila. Her first cosplayed character was a Priestess from Ragnarok Online at Ragnalaunch in Glorietta. She began to attract attention when she won 3rd place in the 2003 C3 Convention as Gun Mage Rikku of Final Fantasy X-2. This led to her and her younger sister Ashley Gosiengfiao being featured on the cover of Issue 14 of Culture Crash Magazine, a manga magazine in the Philippines.Since then, she cosplayed a series of characters from over 40 anime, movie and video game titles including: Witchblade, G.I. Joe, K-On!, Paradise Kiss, Evangelion and Final Fantasy X-2. As a multi-awarded cosplayer, she is now being


texts:
 invited to appear at conventions or to judge competitions locally and abroad. She started judging at the age of 18.

International appearances
Due to her constant contribution to the cosplay community in the Philippines, Alodía has been invited into various international cosplay conventions and events as a participant, performer, judge or simply to attend as a guest. In November 2009 at Suntec Convention Hall in Singapore, Alodía, together with her younger sister Ashley, represented the Philippines as one of the finalist for the Anime Festival Asia Regional Cosplay Championship. Alodía and Ashley cosplayed as Masane Amaha and Shiori Tsuzuki from the Witchblade anime. On July 3, 2010, Singapore, Alodía and Ashley Gosiengfiao were invited by the Mascot Parade supported by the Singapore Government to judge the cosplay competition.They both cosplayed characters from the romantic anime series Paradise Kiss. In addition to judging the cosplay competition, Alodía and Ashley also performed two songs on stage: "Lonely in Gorgeous" from Paradise Kiss and "Real Emotion" from the hit Japanese roleplaying game Final Fantasy X-2. Animax also held "meet and greet" sessions with Alodía in Camp Pong for Singaporean anime and cosplay enthusiasts. On July 21–24, 2010, Alodía attended the annual San Diego Comic-Con for a cosplay gathering at Kotobukiya booth. She landed a big role in the San Diego Comic-Con documentary directed by Morgan Spurlock and produced by Legendary Pictures. The documentary team followed 5 different people from around the world to document what they did at the San Diego Comic Convention in the United


texts: States – line up includes an artist, comic book enthusiast, cosplayer, etc. Part of the team was Stan Lee, the father of Marvel Comics.This led to a meeting with Legendary Pictures CEO/founder Thomas Tull and vice president Alex Garcia, regarding their upcoming film, Warcraft. After this meeting, Gosiengfiao was featured in a very popular US-based website Kotaku. Blizzard Entertainment, maker of Warcraft, got in touch with Alodía regarding business and an endorsement deal for their new game, Star Craft 2. She also won the "Hall Costume Award" as an award given by the Costume Designers Guild to convention members who wear exceptional get-ups inside the venue. On October 31, 2010, Alodía together with Animax and Hong Kong Tourism Board held an event "Hong Kong Halloween Treats Party". Hong Kong Halloween Treats Party is the culmination of a one-and-a-half-month-long campaign by Hong Kong Tourism Board and Animax to promote Hong Kong across South-East Asia as the dream Halloween destination. Cosplayers from all over Asia gathered to celebrate the event.On November 13, 2010, Alodía was back again in Singapore for the Anime Festival Asia 2010 in Suntec Convention Hall, this time she was invited as a Celebrity Judge for the AFA Regional Cosplay Championship. The same event Alodía and Ashley attended as a finalist and representative of the Philippines way back 2009. <mask> graced the event along with the Japanese celebrity guests namely Ichirou Mizuki, May'n, SCANDAL, JAM Project, Angela, Kana Hanazawa, Milky Holmes and the Cosplayers Kaname and Aira. On November 27, 2010, <mask>'s "Rei Ayanami" Grimrock version

masks: Gosiengfiao Gosiengfiao


texts:
 cosplay made its first appearance at the 2010 Supanova Pop Culture Expo in Brisbane, Australia, she was invited to guest judge the Madman National Cosplay Championship as part of the Supanova Cosplay Festival. Endorsements, media and press
Her achievements in the cosplay community led her way to be recognized by the mainstream media and various companies in the Philippines. Currently she is endorsing a whitening skin care product; a health food and beverage product; a Japanese sushi bar; a toy collector and figurine distributor in the Philippines; a large video game company based in Japan; a clothing line; and Japanese snack. She also became one of the brand ambassador of a Philippine telecommunication company, and in 2012 became a brand ambassador for Canon.Past endorsements include many video game companies such as Level-Up Games, E-Games, Kelphil's Shade and SEGA's Love and Berry. She was part of the Official Muse Guild for the massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) Mu Online. She was also a game moderator for another MMORPG called Khan Online. Gosiengfiao was chosen as the Rose-It Girl during the Level Up Games' ROSE Online event and was given the title of "Community Manager" and a one-year contract with Level Up Games. As the official model and endorser of IPVG-EGames Zhu Xian Online game in 2009, Gosiengfiao, an avid gamer, hold her first Fans Day during the Domination 3 Event in April 2009. Gosiengfiao is the Animax's first ever Levi's Kawaii girl winner in the last episode of Mad Mad Fun, which was announced on air on October 27, 2007. In 2010, Alodia together with Ashley