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 Congressman Dana Rohrabacher (R-CA) went on an Abramoff-funded trip to the Marshall Islands with John Doolittle (R-CA) and Ken Calvert (R-CA); delegates of Guam, American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands; and eight staffers. Documentation indicates that Abramoff's lobbying team helped prepare Rep. Ralph Hall's (R-TX) statements on the House floor in which he attacked the credibility of escaped teenaged sex worker "Katrina", in an attempt to discredit her testimony regarding the state of the sex slave industry in the Marianas. Ms. magazine reported Abramoff's dealings in the CNMI and the plight of garment workers like Katrina in a major article published in their spring 2006 issue. Abramoff arranged for mailings from a Ralph Reed marketing company to Christian conservative voters. He bribed Roger Stillwell, a high-ranking political appointee at the Department of the Interior who was responsible for some Native American gaming policy; Stillwell pleaded guilty in 2006 to accepting gifts from Abramoff. All government officials and employees are prohibited from accepting gifts from consultants, businesses and lobbyists.Naftasib
Executives of Naftasib, a Russian energy company, funneled almost $3.4 million to Abramoff and DeLay advisor Ed Buckham between 1997 and 2005. About $60,000 was spent on a trip to Russia in 1997 for Tom DeLay, Buckham, and Abramoff. In 1998, $1 million was sent to Buckham via his organization U.S. Family Network to "influence DeLay's vote in 1998 on legislation that helped make it possible for the International Monetary Fund to bail out the faltering Russian economy". DeLay voted for the legislation. The money was funneled through the Dutch company Voor


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 Huisen, the Bahamas company Chelsea Enterprises, and the London law firm James & Sarch Co. The executives involved, who met DeLay during the 1997 trip, were Marina Nevskaya and Alexander Koulakovsky. Nevskaya was also involved in Abramoff's support of an Israeli military academy, as indicated by an email sent to Abramoff.eLottery, Inc. In 1999, eLottery hired Abramoff to block the Internet Gambling Prohibition Act, which he did by enlisting Ralph Reed, Norquist, and Tom DeLay's former chief of staff, Tony Rudy. Emails from 2000 show that Susan Ralston helped Abramoff pass checks from eLottery to Lou Sheldon's Traditional Values Coalition (TVC) and also to Norquist's Americans for Tax Reform (ATR), en route to Ralph Reed's company, Century Strategies. <mask> joins Greenberg Traurig

On January 8, 2001, Abramoff left Preston Gates to join the Government Relations division of the Washington, D.C. law firm Greenberg Traurig, which once described him as "directly involved in the Republican party and conservative movement leadership structures" and "one of the leading fund raisers for the party and its congressional candidates". With the move to Greenberg Traurig, Abramoff took as much as $6 million worth of client business from his old firm, including the Marianas Islands account. At Greenberg Traurig, Abramoff recruited a team of lobbyists known familiarly as "Team Abramoff". The team included many of his former employees from Preston Gates and former senior staffers of members of Congress.Tribal lobbying

Around the time he joined Greenberg Traurig, Abramoff's choice of lobbying clients changed to focus much more on Native American tribes. While <mask> was a registered

masks: Abramoff Abramoff


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 lobbyist for 51 clients while working at Preston Gates, with only four being tribes, <mask> would eventually represent 24 clients for whom he was registered lobbyist at Greenberg Traurig, of which seven were tribes. Tyco International Ltd.
Former White House Deputy Counsel Timothy Flanigan left his job in December 2002 to work as General Counsel for Corporate and International Law at Tyco International. He immediately hired <mask> to lobby Congress and the White House on matters relating to Tyco's Bermuda tax-exempt status. Flanigan stated to the Senate Judiciary Committee that Abramoff "bragged" that he could help Tyco avoid tax liability aimed at offshore companies because he "had good relationships with members of Congress". Tyco Inc. claimed in August 2005 that Abramoff had been paid $1.7 million for "astroturfing", or the creation of a fake "grassroots" campaign to oppose proposals to penalize US corporations registered abroad for tax reasons. The work allegedly was never performed, and most of the fee Tyco paid Abramoff to lobby against the legislation was "diverted to entities controlled by Mr. Abramoff".Lobbying for national governments
<mask>'s team represented the government of Malaysia, and worked toward improving Malaysian relations with the United States, particularly with trade relations. <mask> also met with the government of Sudan, offering a plan to deflect criticism from American Christian groups over the regime's alleged role in the Darfur conflict. Abramoff promised to enlist Reed to assist, as well as starting a grassroots campaign to improve the image of Sudan in America. Channel One News
Abramoff was a lobbyist for the school TV news service

masks: Abramoff Abramoff Abramoff Abramoff


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 Channel One News. From 1999 to 2003, Channel One retained him to ensure Congress did not block funds to their service. Not only did Channel One face frequent campaigns by political groups to persuade Congress to limit its presence in schools, but it also derived much of its advertising revenue from U.S. government sources, including the Office of National Drug Control Policy and military recruitment. Since Abramoff and Channel One parted ways, Channel One's advertising revenues have dropped substantially, but a cause-and-effect relationship would be difficult to establish.Telecommunications firm
On October 18, 2005, The Washington Post reported that Bob Ney, as chair of the House Administration Committee, approved a 2002 license for an Israeli telecommunications company to install antennas for the House of Representatives. The company, then Foxcom Wireless, an Israeli start-up telecommunications firm, (which has since moved headquarters from Jerusalem to Vienna, Virginia, and been renamed MobileAccess Networks) later paid Abramoff $280,000 for lobbying. It also donated $50,000 to the Capital Athletic Foundation charity that Abramoff sometimes used to secretly pay for some of his lobbying activities. In Michael Scanlon's plea agreement, this activity was described as public corruption. Skyboxes, "Signatures", and Scotland

Abramoff maintained four skyboxes at major sports arenas for political entertaining at a cost of over $1 million a year. Abramoff hosted many fundraisers at these skyboxes including events for politicians publicly opposed to gambling, such as Representative John Doolittle (R-CA). Then Senate Finance Committee Ranking Member Max Baucus returned $18,892


texts: in contributions that his office found to be connected to Abramoff.Included in the returned donations was an estimated $1,892 that was never reported for Baucus' use of Abramoff's skybox at a professional sports arena and concert venue in downtown Washington in 2001. Abramoff also was co-owner of Signatures Restaurant, a high-end Washington establishment which he used to reward friends and associates. His fellow lobbyist Kevin A. Ring treated Justice Department official Robert E. Coughlin to free tickets to the skyboxes and took him out to Signatures multiple times in exchange for favors. The restaurant, once thriving, was closed once investigations closed in on Abramoff. DeLay, Ney and Florida Republican Representative Tom Feeney have each gone on golf trips to Scotland that were apparently arranged or funded by Abramoff. These trips took place in 2000, 2002 and 2003.Ney and Feeney each claimed that their trips were paid for by the National Center for Public Policy Research, but the group denied this. Spokespeople for Ney and Feeney blamed others for filing errors. Ney later pleaded guilty to knowing that Abramoff had paid for the trip. A former top procurement official in the Bush administration, David H. Safavian, has been convicted of lying and obstruction of justice in connection with the Abramoff investigation. Safavian, who traveled to Scotland with Reed and Ney on a golf outing arranged by Abramoff, was accused of concealing from federal investigators information about Abramoff's plans to do business with the General Services Administration at the time of the golf trip – in particular, seeking help finding property for his private religious school, Eshkol


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 Academy, and for one of his tribal clients. Safavian was then GSA chief of staff. However, this conviction was overturned on appeal.Access to the Bush administration
<mask>ff was a highly influential figure as lobbyist and activist in the Bush administration. In 2001, Abramoff was a member of the Bush administration's 2001 Transition Advisory Team assigned to the Department of the Interior. Abramoff befriended the incoming Deputy Secretary of the Interior J. Steven Griles. The draft report of the House Government Reform Committee said the documents – largely Abramoff's billing records and e-mails – listed 485 lobbying contacts with White House officials over three years, including 10 with top Bush aide Karl Rove. The report said that of the 485 contacts listed, 345 were described as meetings or other in-person contacts; 71 were described as phone conversations and 69 were e-mail exchanges. In the first ten months of 2001, the Abramoff lobbying team logged almost 200 contacts with the Bush administration. He may have used these senior level contacts to assist in his lobbying for Indian tribes concerning tribal gaming.The Department of the Interior has Federal regulatory authority over tribal affairs such as tribal recognition and gaming. From 2000 to 2003, six Indian tribes paid Abramoff over $80 million in lobbying fees. The Department of the Interior Office of Insular Affairs has authority over policy and grants to US territories such as the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). This may have assisted Abramoff in lobbying for textile interests in the islands. U.S. Senator Conrad Burns (R-MT) and DeLay also heavily lobbied the CNMI for opposing the minimum


texts: wage. Abramoff asked for $9 million in 2003 from the president of Gabon, Omar Bongo, to arrange a meeting with Bush and directed his fees to an Abramoff-controlled lobbying firm, GrassRoots Interactive.Bongo did meet with Bush in the Oval Office on May 26, 2004. There has been no evidence in the public record that <mask> had any role in organizing the meeting, or that he received any money or had a signed contract with Gabon. White House and State Department officials described Bush's meeting with Bongo, whose government is regularly accused by the United States of human rights abuses, as routine. The officials said they knew of no involvement by <mask> in the arrangements. Officials at Gabon's embassy in Washington did not respond to written questions. Susan Ralston, Rove's assistant since 2001, previously worked as an administrative assistant for both Abramoff and Reed. According to former Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, Abramoff was paid $1.2 million to arrange a meeting between Mahathir and Bush, allegedly at the direction of The Heritage Foundation.Mahathir insisted that someone unknown to him had paid for the meeting. On May 9, 2001, Chief Raul Garza of the Kickapoo tribe of Texas met with Bush, with <mask> and Norquist in attendance. Abramoff was identified in the background of a photo taken at the meeting. Days before the meeting, the tribe paid $25,000 to Norquist's Americans for Tax Reform at Abramoff's direction. According to the organization's communications director, John Kartch, the meeting was one of several gatherings with Bush sponsored by ATR. On the same day, the chief of the Louisiana Coushattas also attended an ATR-sponsored gathering with

masks: Abramoff Abramoff Abramoff


texts: Bush. The Coushattas also gave $25,000 to ATR soon before the event.The details of the Kickapoo meeting and a letter dated May 10, 2001, from ATR thanking the Kickapoos for their contribution were revealed to the New York Times in 2006 by former council elder Isidro Garza, who with Raul Garza (no relation), is under indictment in Texas for embezzling tribal money. According to Isidro Garza, Abramoff did not say the donation was required to meet Bush; the White House denied any knowledge of the transaction. Other photos have surfaced of Abramoff and Bush meeting at the White House and Oval Office on either December 22 or 23, 2002. The photos were found on a site that published many pictures of governmental events, ReflectionsOrders.com. The owner of the site removed the photos almost immediately when the presence of Abramoff and Bush together was discovered. Some Internet users located the photos and preserved copies of some of them. The owner of the site gave thousands of dollars to the Bush campaign and Republican National Committee, according to public FEC contribution records.An NPR news report from March 2006 stated that: "... <mask> recently granted a rare press interview to Vanity Fair magazine, where he asserts President Bush and other prominent figures in Washington know him very well. He called them liars for denying contact with him". In June 2006, Abramoff began secretly granting exclusive interviews to former Boston Globe investigative reporter Gary S. Chafetz, without the knowledge of Abramoff's attorneys or the federal prosecutors with whom Abramoff had been cooperating. These interviews – conducted before and during Abramoff's imprisonment – continued


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 until May 2008. In September 2008, Chafetz's book, The Perfect Villain: John McCain and the Demonization of Lobbyist <mask> was rushed into print prior to the 2008 presidential election. In his book, Chafetz asserted that Abramoff, though guilty of some of the charges, was the victim of misleading and sensational reporting by the Washington Post, vengeance and mendacity on the part of Sen. John McCain (R-AZ), and strong-arm tactics of the Justice Department who forced Abramoff into confessing to crimes he did not believe he was guilty of. Chafetz also accused federal prosecutors of abusive – and possibly illegal – tactics in their reliance on private and public honest services fraud, which he characterized as vague and controversial.Abramoff organizations

Abramoff has founded or run several non-profit organizations, including Capital Athletic Foundation and Eshkol Academy; as well as lobbying firms and political think tanks such as American International Center, GrassRoots Interactive, and the National Center for Public Policy Research. While these organizations had varying degrees of legitimate activities, it has come to light that Abramoff used these organizations to channel millions of dollars to recipients not related to the organizations. Capital Athletic Foundation and Eshkol Academy

Although Federal tax records show that various Indian tribes donated more than $6 million to the Capital Athletic Foundation, less than 1% of the money went to athletic programs, the stated purpose of the foundation. The majority of the funds went to the Eshkol Academy in Maryland, an Orthodox Jewish school founded by Abramoff in 2002. Hundreds of thousands of dollars from CAF were


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 also spent on golf trips to Scotland for Abramoff, Ney, Ralph Reed Safavian, as well as purchases of camping equipment sent to a high school friend. Abramoff solicited Safavian's help in looking for property deals for Eshkol Academy and tribal clients, leading to Safavian's conviction. GrassRoots Interactive and Kay Gold

GrassRoots Interactive, now defunct, was a small Silver Spring, Maryland, lobbying firm controlled by Abramoff and PJ Johnson.Millions of dollars flowed into GrassRoots Interactive in 2003, the year it was created, and then flowed out again to unusual places. At least $2.3 million went to a California consulting firm that used the same address as the law office of Abramoff's brother, Robert. A separate check for $400,000, from GrassRoots, was made out to Kay Gold LLC, another Abramoff family company. Maldon Institute
Abramoff was a board member and secretary/treasurer of the Maldon Institute for at least five years (1999–2003). He was one of only four board members, including PJ Johnson and John Rees. Scandal and criminal investigations
In late 2004, the Senate Indian Affairs Committee began to investigate Abramoff's lobbying on behalf of American Indian tribes and casinos. In September he was called before the Committee to answer questions about that work, but pleaded the fifth.SunCruz Casinos fraud conviction

On August 11, 2005, <mask> and Adam Kidan were indicted by a federal grand jury in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, on fraud charges arising from a 2000 deal to buy SunCruz Casinos from Gus Boulis. <mask> and Kidan are accused of using a fake wire transfer to make lenders believe that they had made a $23 million down payment, in order to qualify for a


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 $60 million loan. Ney also was implicated in helping to consummate the deal. After the partners purchased SunCruz in September 2000, the business relationship with Boulis deteriorated, culminating in a fistfight between Kidan and Boulis in December 2000. In February 2001 Boulis was murdered in his car in a Mafia-style attack. The murder investigation included three individuals who had received payments from Kidan. Two of the suspects received life sentences for the murder charges, while a third associate pled guilty to conspiracy to commit murder and was sentenced to 6 and half years time served already after he testified against his co-conspirators.On January 4, 2006, <mask> pleaded guilty to conspiracy and wire fraud in Miami, related to the SunCruz deal. The plea agreement called for a maximum sentence of just over seven years and would run concurrently with the sentence in the Washington corruption case, but could be reduced if Abramoff cooperated fully. The remaining four counts in the Florida indictment were dismissed. On March 29, 2006, Abramoff and Kidan were both sentenced in the SunCruz case to the minimum amount of 70 months, and ordered to pay US$21.7 million in restitution. According to the "memorandum in aid of sentencing", the sentencing judge, U.S. District Judge Paul C. Huck, received over 260 pleas for leniency from various people, including "rabbis, military officers and even a professional hockey referee." Guam grand jury investigation

In 2002 Abramoff was retained under a secret contract by the Guam Superior Court to lobby against a bill proposing to put the Superior Court under the authority of the Guam Supreme Court. On November 18, 2002, a grand


texts: jury issued a subpoena demanding that the administrator of the Guam Superior Court release all records relating to the contract.On November 19, 2002, U.S. Attorney Frederick A. Black, the chief prosecutor for Guam and the instigator of the indictment, was unexpectedly demoted and removed from the office he had held since 1991. The federal grand jury investigation was quickly wound down and took no further action. In 2005 Public Auditor Doris Flores Brooks initiated a new investigation of the Abramoff contract, which is continuing. In 2006 California attorney and Marshall Islands lobbyist Howard Hills, and Tony Sanchez, a former administrator of the Guam Superior Court, were indicted for unlawful influence, conspiracy for unlawful influence, theft of property held in trust, and official misconduct for allegedly authorizing 36 payments of $9,000 vis a vis a pre-existing contract between Hills and the Guam Superior Court, each written out to Hills, but funneled to Abramoff. Hills, trusting Sanchez as a court official at face value, assumed that this was a temporary circumstance and agreed to help facilitate transition for what he thought was a standard government contract between Abramoff and the court. For this Hills received no compensation.Before indictments or investigations were initiated, Hills halted his temporary contract with <mask> and reported what he thought was potentially suspicious behavior to public officials when it occurred to him that something may be wrong. In 2007, superseding indictments were issued against Hills and Sanchez, and in 2008 further related indictments were handed down against Abramoff and Abramoff's firm at the time, Greenberg Traurig.


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 The charges against both attorney Howard Hills and Greenberg Traurig have since been dismissed. Native tribes grand jury investigations

Abramoff and his partner, Michael Scanlon (a former Tom DeLay aide), conspired to bilk Native casino gambling interests out of an estimated $85 million in fees. The lobbyists also orchestrated lobbying against their own clients in order to force them to pay for lobbying services. These practices were the subject both of long-running criminal prosecution and hearings by the Senate Indian Affairs Committee. On November 21, 2005, Scanlon pleaded guilty to conspiring to bribe a member of Congress and other public officials.On January 3, 2006, <mask> pleaded guilty to three felony counts – conspiracy, fraud, and tax evasion – involving charges stemming principally from his lobbying activities in Washington on behalf of Native American tribes. The four tribes Abramoff and his associates had been involved with included Michigan's Saginaw Chippewas, California's Agua Caliente, the Mississippi Choctaws, and the Louisiana Coushattas. As a result, Abramoff and other defendants must make restitution of at least $25 million that was defrauded from clients, primarily the Native American tribes. Further, Abramoff owes the Internal Revenue Service $1.7 million as a result of his guilty plea to the tax evasion charge. In the agreement, Abramoff admits to bribing public officials, including Ney. Also included: the hiring of congressional staffers and conspiring with them to lobby their former employers – including members of Congress – in violation of a one-year federal ban on such lobbying. Later in 2006 Abramoff lobbyists Neil Volz and Tony Rudy


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 pleaded guilty to conspiracy charges; in September 2006 Ney himself pleaded guilty to conspiracy and making false statements.On September 4, 2008, a Washington court found Abramoff guilty of trading expensive gifts, meals and sports trips in exchange for political favors, and U.S. District Judge Ellen Segal Huvelle sentenced him to a four-year term in prison, to be served concurrently with his previous sentences. Abramoff cooperated in a bribery investigation involving lawmakers, their aides, and members of the Bush administration. People convicted in Abramoff probe
Eventually 24 people were convicted of corruption or bribery. Adam Kidan (an Abramoff associate), was sentenced in Florida in March 2006, serving 27 months in prison, followed by three years of probation. Todd Boulanger, an Abramoff deputy, pleaded guilty to lavishing congressional aides with meals, gifts  and tickets to sporting events, concerts, and the circus in exchange for help with legislation favorable to Abramoff's clients. Sentenced to 30 days and fined. Roger Stillwell (R) Staff in the Department of the Interior under George W. Bush(R).Pleaded guilty and received two years suspended sentence for not reporting hundreds of dollars' worth of sports and concert tickets he received from Abramoff. Steven Griles (R) (former Deputy Interior Secretary) the highest-ranking Bush administration official convicted in the scandal, pleaded guilty to obstruction of justice. He admitted lying to a Senate committee about his relationship with Abramoff, who repeatedly sought Griles' intervention at Interior on behalf of Indian tribal clients. David Safavian (R) (former White House official), the Bush administration's


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 former top procurement official, was sentenced to 18 months in prison in October 2006 after he was found guilty of covering up his dealings with Abramoff. Bob Ney (R-OH) then U. S. Representative, pleaded guilty September 2006, sentenced in January 2007 to 2½ years in prison, acknowledged taking bribes from Abramoff. Ney was in the traveling party on an Abramoff-sponsored golf trip to Scotland at the heart of the case against Safavian. Neil Volz (R) a former chief of staff to Ney who left government to work for Abramoff, pleaded guilty in May 2006 to conspiring to corrupt Ney and others with trips and other aid
William Heaton (R) former chief of staff for Ney, pleaded guilty to a federal conspiracy charge involving a golf trip to Scotland, expensive meals, and tickets to sporting events between 2002 and 2004 as payoffs for helping Abramoff's clients.Thomas Hart (R) former chief of staff for Ney, pleaded guilty to a federal conspiracy charge involving a golf trip to Scotland, expensive meals, and tickets to sporting events between 2002 and 2004 as payoffs for helping Abramoff's clients. Italia Federici (R) co-founder of the Council of Republicans for Environmental Advocacy, pleaded guilty to tax evasion and obstruction of a Senate investigation into Abramoff's relationship with officials at the Department of the Interior. Jared Carpenter (R) Vice-President of the Council of Republicans for Environmental Advocacy, was discovered during the Abramoff investigation and pleaded guilty to income tax evasion. He got 45 days, plus 4 years probation. Mark Zachares (R) former aide to U. S. Representative Don Young(R-AL), pleaded guilty to conspiracy. He acknowledged accepting tens


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 of thousands of dollars' worth of gifts and a golf trip to Scotland from Abramoff's team in exchange for official acts on the lobbyist's behalf. Kevin A.Ring (R) former staff to John Doolittle (R-CA) was convicted of five charges of corruption. He was sentenced to 20 months in prison in October 2011. James Hirni (R) US Senate aide, acknowledged bribing Trevor L. Blackann (R) aide to US Senator Kit Bond (R) with meals, concert passes and tickets to the opening game of the 2003 World Series between the Florida Marlins and the New York Yankees at Yankee Stadium, pleaded guilty to using wire communications to defraud taxpayers of congressional aides' honest services. Trevor L. Blackann (R) a former aide to US Senator Kit Bond (R-MO) and then-US Rep. Roy Blunt (R-MO), pleaded guilty to not reporting $4,100 in gifts from lobbyists in return for helping clients of Abramoff and his associates. Among the gifts were tickets to the World Series and concerts, plus meals and entertainment at a "gentleman's club." Michael Scanlon (R) a former Staff member of Tom DeLay, pled guilty to committing bribery in the course of his work for Abramoff. Tony Rudy (R) another former staff member of Tom DeLay, he also left DeLay to work with Abramoff; pleaded guilty to conspiracy.John Albaugh (R) former Chief of Staff to Ernest Istook (R-OK), pleaded guilty to accepting bribes connected to the Federal Highway Bill. Istook was not charged. (2008)
 Robert E. Coughlin (R) Deputy Chief of Staff, Criminal Division of the Justice Department pleaded guilty to conflict of interest after accepting bribes from <mask>ff. (2008)
 Horace Cooper (R) a former Labor Department official with the Bush administration


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 and aide to US Rep. Dick Armey (R-TX), pleaded guilty to falsifying a document when he did not report receiving gifts from Abramoff. Ann Copland (R) a former aide to US Senator Thad Cochran (R-MS) pleaded guilty to taking more than $25,000 worth of concert and sporting event tickets in return for helping Abramoff. Roger Stillwell, a former Interior Department official, was sentenced to two years on probation in January 2007 after pleading guilty to a misdemeanor charge for not reporting hundreds of dollars worth of sports and concert tickets he received from Abramoff. Fraser Verrusio (R) former Transportation Dept official, was found guilty of conspiracy and accepting bribes.Sentenced to 1 day in jail, 2 years' probation and a $1,000 fine. Incarceration
Abramoff served four years of a six-year sentence. On November 15, 2006, he began serving his term in the minimum security prison camp of Federal Correctional Institution, Cumberland, Maryland, as inmate number 27593-112. The Justice Department had requested that he serve his sentence there so as to be accessible to agents in Washington for cooperation as the investigations related to his associates intensified. Abramoff worked as a clerk in the prison chaplain's office for 12 cents an hour. He was also teaching courses in public speaking and screenwriting to his fellow inmates and instituted a popular movie night. Post-release activities

On June 8, 2010, he was released from federal prison and was transferred to a halfway house in Baltimore, Maryland, until the end of his six-year sentence.In late June he began working as an accountant at the kosher pizzeria Tov Pizza, working about 40 hours a week from 10:30 a.m. till


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 5:30 p.m., earning between $7.50 and $10.00 per hour. He finished working at Tov Pizza when he was released from the halfway house on December 3, 2010. Abramoff has returned to lobbying since his release from prison, having attempted to arrange meetings between then President-elect Donald Trump and foreign leaders. He is registered as a lobbyist. On June 25, 2020, Abramoff and CEO Roland Marcus Andrade were charged in San Francisco federal court with fraud in connection with a $5 million cryptocurrency deal. Abramoff agreed to a negotiated plea of guilty. On July 14, 2020, Abramoff pleaded guilty to charges of conspiracy and violating the Lobbying Disclosure Act in relation to the AML BitCoin case.Abramoff faces up to five years in prison for each count. Notably, this makes <mask> the first person to be convicted under the Lobbying Disclosure Act, which was amended as a result of his previous misconduct. Criticism of lobbying industry

In November 2011, the book Capitol Punishment: The Hard Truth About Washington Corruption From America's Most Notorious Lobbyist Abramoff wrote after he was released from prison was published. The 300-page memoir is an account of his life in Washington as a lobbyist. In its last chapter, titled "Path to Reform", Abramoff portrays himself as someone who supports genuine reform and lists a number of proposals to eliminate bribery of government officials, such as barring members of Congress and their aides for life from becoming lobbyists. Abramoff has become a critic of the lobbying industry and has appeared on radio and television, "trying ... to redeem and rebrand himself". He has a Facebook page and game app called "Congressional Jack",


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 and a feature film in the works about the lobbying milieu.He plans to charge for giving talks about corruption in Washington, and has briefed F.B.I. agents on the nature of corruption. He has joined the United Republic anticorruption nonprofit organization and has started in February 2012 as one of the lead bloggers at United Republic's newly launched , described as "an anti-corruption blog focusing on how self-interested dollars are warping the public-interest responsibilities of America's democratic institutions" by the Huffington Post. He has appeared as a guest on CNN to talk about lobbying and the Affordable Care Act healthcare reform law. In July 2012, Premier Networks announced it was launching "The <mask>ff Show" on XM Satellite Radio's "Talk Radio" channel, on which Abramoff would hold forth on political reform. Following Abramoff's return to lobbying after his time in prison, lawmakers passed the Justice Against Corruption on K Street (JACK) Act, which requires convicts such as Abramoff to disclose their criminal history when they re-register to lobby. Personal life
Abramoff has been married to Pamela Clarke <mask> (née Alexander), a co-manager and executive assistant at Capital Athletic Foundation, since July 1986.The couple has five children. Pamela is a convert to Orthodox Judaism. See also
 :Category:<mask>ff scandals
 List of federal political scandals in the United States

References

External links

 Official website

 Posts by <mask>ff at Republic Report

1959 births
Living people
Beverly Hills High School alumni
Businesspeople from California
American film producers
American Orthodox Jews
American lobbyists
American people convicted of tax

masks:
Jack Abramo
Abramoff
Jack Abramo
Jack Abramo


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 crimes
Brandeis University alumni
College Republican National Committee chairs
Georgetown University Law Center alumni
Jewish American writers
People from Atlantic City, New Jersey
People from Beverly Hills, California
Lawyers from Washington, D.C.
People convicted of honest services fraud
21st-century American criminals
20th-century American criminals
California Republicans
Washington (state) Republicans
People associated with Greenberg Traurig
Jewish


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<mask> (February 27, 1921 Tokyo, Japan – December 24, 1997 Boston, Massachusetts) was a second-generation distinguished bonsai master who taught traditional Japanese techniques and aesthetics to enthusiasts in the West. Early life and career

<mask> was the second son born to the family of <mask>. Toshiji (1891-1975) was a leader in the bonsai world and one of the top suiseki (viewing stone) authorities in Japan. He was also a co-founder of the Nippon Bonsai Society. Toshiji's father had been a samurai and a renowned garden designer. In April 1952, the 31-year-old <mask>, assisted by German agricultural diplomat Alfred Koehn, began the first bonsai course for foreigners in Tokyo at his Kofu-en nursery. <mask> refused to believe the prevailing wisdom that westerners could not understand, appreciate, or technically master bonsai.The class was an instant success, and within three years over 600 students—mostly foreign dignitaries, military personnel and businessmen and their wives—took the six-lesson course in classical bonsai art. For the class, <mask> grouped the various stylings of bonsai trees into five primary categories. He also systematized much information that previously had only been passed down orally and by example from teacher to student. With the assistance of Giovanna M. Halford, a student of his from England, <mask> worked on a companion text. Empirical information about hundreds of types of plants used for the compositions was also compiled into a detailed database at the end of the book. In 1957, The Japanese Art of Miniature Trees and Landscapes was published by Charles E. Tuttle Co. of Rutland, Vermont and Tokyo. Although there had been a few earlier Bonsai books in English by this time, this was the first comprehensive and practical work on the subject.It was received with excitement by those who were eager to learn classical bonsai

masks:
Yuji Yoshimura
Yoshimura
Toshiji Yoshimura
Yoshimura
Yoshimura
Yoshimura
Yoshimura


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 as refined during the first half of the twentieth century. The book later came to be referred to as the "Bonsai Bible in English". It would go through 37 printings before being reissued in 1996 as The Art of Bonsai: Creation, Care and Enjoyment. <mask> was invited in 1958 to the Brooklyn Botanic Garden by its director George Avery. <mask> came to the United States with over one ton of teaching and demonstrating material, and six weeks later he gave his first course at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, entitled "Bonsai Study & Practice". This very successful course was one of many which <mask> taught on many levels during the spring and autumn of that year while on the C. Stuart Gager fellowship grant. <mask> extended his teaching and lecturing to the West Coast and Hawaii, later returning to teach at Longwood Garden near Philadelphia.In 1962 <mask> spent two months in Australia, where he made a lasting impression. Bonsai was still in its infancy in Australia, and he assisted the early teachers and students, and became the patron of a bonsai group. At the beginning of 1963, <mask> and several of his students founded the Bonsai Society of Greater New York. Within three years there were 555 members, including 339 corresponding members in thirty-one states and several foreign countries. Later career and influence

During 1972, <mask> delivered a lecture in which he spoke of the "dream of American bonsaists for a place where they could give or will their treasures, knowing that the trees would be cared for and viewed by visitors for years to come." Newly appointed Director of the U.S. National Arboretum Dr. John L. Creech was in attendance. Creech had been a frequent visitor to <mask>'s Tokyo garden in the early 1950s and was actually the one who had recommended the bonsai authority to Dr. Avery of the BBG.Impressed by his old friend's thoughts and the

masks: Yoshimura Yoshimura Yoshimura Yoshimura Yoshimura Yoshimura Yoshimura Yoshimura


texts: fledgling Potomac Bonsai Association's first show at the National Arboretum, Dr. Creech then approached his departmental heads with the suggestion that acquiring a major bonsai collection might play a role in the Department of Agriculture's bicentennial plans. Receiving encouragement, Dr. Creech sought the help of longtime friends in the world of Japanese horticulture. The result was a bicentennial gift to the U.S. from persons and organizations in Japan of fifty-three bonsai and six suiseki (viewing stones) which became the initial collection in the National Bonsai and Penjing Museum. His convention and club lectures, workshops, demonstrations, and articles in Western and Japanese specialty magazines spread <mask>'s philosophy. His most important American student was William N. Valavanis. <mask> assisted his student, who became a well-respected teacher in his own right, in launching the premier issue in the Spring of 1979 of the quarterly International Bonsai. The elder sensei also translated its first article -- "Creation of Small Size Satsuki Azalea Bonsai"—from the Japanese magazine source.Valavanis' independent magazine continues to be published to this day. In 1982 <mask> conducted a teaching tour for the bonsai clubs in India. Also that year the National Bonsai Foundation, Inc., a non-profit corporation in Washington, D.C., was formed on behalf of the National Bonsai and Penjing Museum of the National Arboretum. John Naka, <mask> <mask>, and now former Arboretum Director Dr. John L. Creech were elected as advisors to the Foundation. In 1984 The Japanese Art of Stone Appreciation, Suiseki and Its Use with Bonsai was published by Charles E. Tuttle Co. The authors were Vincent T. Covello and <mask> <mask>. This would also become a go-to reference work on the subject.The John Y. Naka Pavilion was dedicated in October 1990 to house the National

masks: Yoshimura Yoshimura Yoshimura Yuji Yoshimura Yuji Yoshimura


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 Collection of North American Bonsai. Connected to the Naka Pavilion is the Yoshimura Center housing a lecture and workshop room. Two of <mask>'s bonsai are in the National Collection. The National Bonsai Foundation, Inc. established the Yuji Yoshimura Fund as a permanent endowment to keep this great artist's spirit alive for future generations. Having lived in the Western world for over thirty-five years, <mask> had personally observed the differences in the Eastern and Western cultures as reflected by their arts. Although his students had been primarily of the United States, he taught classical bonsai to thousands of students worldwide. In that <mask> <mask> was a Japanese bonsai artist who lived outside Japan for such a long span of years, he became a direct link between Japanese classical bonsai traditions and the progressive Western approach.The result was an elegant and refined school of bonsai adapted for the modern world. And Yoshimura encouraged the use of native plants and local stylings by enthusiasts around the globe practicing this now widespread art. In 2015, <mask> became the second inductee into the National Bonsai & Penjing Museum's Bonsai Hall of Fame. From October 12 thru November 24, 2019, the Omiya Bonsai Museum in Saitama, Japan, in cooperation with its sister institution the U.S. National Bonsai & Penjing Museum, hosted an exhibition recognizing the contributions <mask> had made to expand the Japanese art of bonsai across the ocean. Footnotes

Works cited

Golden Statements (September/October 1994)

External links
  "<mask> <mask>, the Father of Popular Bonsai in the Non-Oriental World," www.magiminiland.org/
 William N. Valavanis,  North American Bonsai Foundation Newsletter, No. 3. 1921 births
1997 deaths
People from Tokyo
Japanese aesthetics
Bonsai artists
People from Briarcliff Manor, New York
Japanese expatriates in the

masks: Yoshimura Yoshimura Yuji Yoshimura Yoshimura Yoshimura Yuji Yoshimura


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<mask> (born <mask>; February 15, 1974) is an American film director, screenwriter, singer, actress and author. Her body of work includes film, fiction, monologue, digital presentations and live performance art. She wrote, directed and starred in the films Me and You and Everyone We Know (2005) and The Future (2011) and wrote and directed Kajillionaire (2020). She has authored a book of short stories, No One Belongs Here More Than You (2007); a collection of nonfiction short stories, It Chooses You (2011); and the novel The First Bad Man (2015). Early life
<mask> was born in Barre, Vermont, in 1974, the daughter of Lindy Hough and Richard Grossinger. Her parents are both writers who taught at Goddard College at the time. They were also the founders of North Atlantic Books, a publisher of alternative health, martial arts, and spiritual titles.Her father was Jewish, and her mother was Protestant. July was encouraged to work on her short fiction by author Rick Moody. She was raised in Berkeley, California, where she first began staging plays at 924 Gilman Street, a local punk rock club. She attended The College Preparatory School in Oakland for high school. When she was 16, she wrote and directed The Lifers, a play for which she cast 20 Latina women. She describes this as an experience that pushed her heavily. She later attended University of California Santa Cruz, but she stopped attending in her second year.Career beginnings
She relocated to Portland, Oregon, and took up performance art, or "one woman shows". Her performances were successful; she has been quoted as saying she has not worked a day job since she was 23 years old. In an interview for the Tate, she explains that she

masks:
Miranda July
Miranda Jennifer Grossinger
July


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 still tries to practice performance, partially due to its stark differences from film making, such as its live audience or how "present" it is in comparison. Portland is also where she began participating in the riot grrrl scene that was beginning to grow in the early 1990s. In the early stages of her film career, she created several small video projects and performances years prior to her feature film, Me and You and Everyone We Know. However, while she worked on her art, July had to work several odd jobs to survive; she worked as a waitress, a tastemaker for Coca-Cola, a locksmith, and a stripper. Film

Joanie4Jackie

<mask> was immersed in the riot grrl scene in Portland and motivated by its do-it-yourself ethos, and she began an effort that she described as "a free alternative distribution system for women movie-makers".One of July's reasons for starting the project was to apply the concepts of riot grrrl into the film making world. The idea was to connect as many women artists as possible, let them see each other's work, and foster a sense of community. Participants sent a self-made short film to July, who mailed back a compilation videotape containing that film and nine others – a "chainletter tape". When it began in 1995, the project was called Big Miss Moviola but was soon renamed Joanie4Jackie. July also credits the project to the loneliness she was experiencing at the time, but felt she learned from the project immensely, saying "that was my film school". July's first film, Atlanta, appears on the second tape of the series. July continued to run the project for years, handing it off to the film department of Bard College in 2003.In Spring 2016, July donated an archive of


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 Joanie4Jackie to the Getty Research Institute. The collection includes more than 200 titles from the 1990s and 2000s, videos from Joanie4Jackie events, booklets, posters, hand-written letters from participants, and other documentation. Thomas W. Gaehtgens, the director of the Getty Research Institute, stated that the acquisition is "an esteemed addition to our Special Collections that connects to work by many important 20th century artists who are also represented in our archives, such as Eleanor Antin, Yvonne Rainer and Carolee Schneemann." Me and You and Everyone We Know

Filmmaker rated her number one in their "25 New Faces of Indie Film" in 2004. After winning a slot in a Sundance workshop, she developed her first feature-length film, Me and You and Everyone We Know, which opened in 2005. The film won The Caméra d'Or prize in The Cannes Festival 2005 as well as the Special Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival, Best First Feature at the Philadelphia Film Festival, Feature Audience Award for Best Narrative Feature at the San Francisco International Film Festival, and the Audience Award for Best Narrative Feature at the Los Angeles Film Festival. The Future

On May 16, 2007, July mentioned that she was currently working on a new film.This film was originally titled "Satisfaction" but was later renamed The Future, with July in a lead role. The film premiered at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival and was nominated for a Golden Bear at the 61st Berlin International Film Festival. Kajillionaire

In March 2018, it was announced July would write and direct a heist film, with Brad Pitt and Youree Henley producing the film, under their Plan B Entertainment and Annapurna Pictures banners,


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 respectively. That same month, Evan Rachel Wood, Richard Jenkins, Debra Winger and Gina Rodriguez joined the cast of the film. In June 2018, Mark Ivanir joined the cast of the film. Principal photography began in May 2018. Its theatrical release was on September 25, 2020.Other film work
Her short video The Amateurist (1998) features a dowdy researcher examining, via her own video monitor, a stereotypical "beautiful woman"; July plays both roles. A lengthier video, the 27-minute Nest of Tens (2000), juxtaposes four unrelated scenarios in which "seemingly everyday people go about acting completely normal while demonstrating distinct abnormality". Nest of Tens has been placed in the permanent online collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Wayne Wang consulted with July about aspects of his 2001 feature-length film The Center of the World, for which she received a story credit. <mask> appears as herself in the 2017 documentary Turn It Around: The Story of East Bay Punk. She was interviewed for the film !Women Art Revolution. Music and spoken word
She recorded her first E.P.for Kill Rock Stars in 1996, titled Margie Ruskie Stops Time, with music by The Need. She released two full-length LPs, 10 Million Hours A Mile in 1997 and The Binet-Simon Test in 1998, both on Kill Rock Stars. She collaborated with Calvin Johnson in his musical project Dub Narcotic Sound System, and in 1999 she made a split EP with IQU, released on Johnson's K Records. Acting

<mask> has acted in many of her own short films, including Atlanta, The Amateurist, Nest of Tens, Are You The Favorite Person of Anyone?, and her feature-length films Me and You and Everyone We Know and The Future. She also made an

masks: July July


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 appearance in the film Jesus' Son (1998). She appeared in an episode of Portlandia in 2012. She co-starred in Josephine Decker’s 2018 feature film, Madeline's Madeline.Live performance pieces
In 1998, July made Love Diamond, her first full-length multimedia performance piece – in her description, a "live movie." This two-hour stage work had July playing multiple characters, humorously depicting women's perceived cultural roles. This was followed by a second full-length performance piece, The Swan Tool, and a six-minute film, Getting Stronger Every Day (2001). The latter is an abstract view of a grown man and a little girl, seemingly taunted by indistinct floating shapes while an offscreen narrator recounts a tale of real-life pedophilia. The Swan Tool is another "live movie", a one-woman show in which July plays Lisa Cobb, a woman searching for her lost body. Although it's peppered with deadpan comedy, the surrealist story concerns "childhood sexual traumas, adult alienation, and persistent, unfocused guilt". In 2006, after completing her first feature film, she went on to create another multimedia piece, Things We Don't Understand and Definitely Are Not Going To Talk About, which she performed in Los Angeles, San Francisco, and New York.This stage show contained several ideas that would become key elements of her later film, The Future. In March 2015, July premiered her performance work New Society as part of the 58th San Francisco International Film Festival. In the program for the performance, July requested the audience not share details of the show, stating it is now "a rare sensation to sit down in a theater with no idea what will happen." Various art projects
With artist


texts: Harrell Fletcher, July founded the online art project called Learning to Love You More (2002–2009). The project's website offered assignments to artists whose submissions became part of "an ever-changing series of exhibitions, screenings and radio broadcasts presented all over the world". Over 8,000 people participated in the project. In addition to its internet presentations, Learning to Love You More also compiled exhibitions for the Whitney Museum, the Seattle Art Museum, and other hosts.A book version of the project's online art was released in 2007. Starting May 1, 2009 the project's website stopped accepting assignment submissions. In 2010 the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art acquired the website, to preserve it as an archive of the project online. July constructed a sculptural exhibition, Eleven Heavy Things, for the 2009 Venice Biennale. Its assortment of cartoonish shapes, made sturdy with fiberglass and steel, were designed for playful interaction by visitors. The exhibition was also shown in New York City at Union Square Park and in Los Angeles at the MOCA Pacific Design Center. In 2013 she organized We Think Alone, an art project involving the private emails of public figures.Unredacted except for the recipients' names, the emails were freely donated by a disparate group of notable persons including author Sheila Heti, theoretical physicist Lee Smolin, basketball player Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, and actress Kirsten Dunst. July grouped selected emails by topic, and sent a new set to the project's subscribers every week for 20 weeks. As one reviewer described them, the emails are "simultaneously mundane and eerily revealing; they shed light on how people in the public eye


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 craft their private identities... [they] also underscore, in some way, the way all of us present ourselves over email: excessively formal or passive-aggressive, lovey-dovey, flakey, overly excited." In 2014 she created an iOS app, Somebody, which allows users to compose a message to be delivered to someone else in-person, or to deliver someone else's message in-person. When you send your friend a message through Somebody, it goes – not to your friend – but to the Somebody user nearest your friend. This person (likely a stranger) delivers the message verbally, acting as your stand-in. Somebody is a far-reaching public art project that incites performance and twists our love of avatars and outsourcing – every relationship becomes a three-way.The project was funded by Miu Miu. The app closed on October 31, 2015. Writing
As much as a film-maker, July is also an author, mostly of short stories. Writing was something she did years before her first feature premiered. July in a 2016 interview explains that out of all the mediums she pursues, she is the least confident in her film making, partially because of the less familiar and hyper hierarchical and collaborative environment. She knows most people on her sets have never taken orders from a femme film director, and so she explains that there is an air of confidence you need to be that role. Her short story The Boy from Lam Kien was published in 2005 by Cloverfield Press, as a special-edition book with illustration by Elinor Nissley and Emma Hedditch.Another short story, Something That Needs Nothing, was published in the following year by The New Yorker. No One Belongs Here More Than YouNo One Belongs Here More Than You, July's collection


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 of short vignettes, was published by Scribner in 2007. It won the Frank O'Connor International Short Story Award on September 24, 2007. In The New York Times, Sheelah Kolhatkar gave the collection a mixed review: "A handful of these stories are sweet and revealing, although in many cases the attempt to create 'art' is too self-conscious, and the effort comes off as pointlessly strange." As of 2015 the collection has more than 200,000 copies in circulation. It Chooses You

July's non-fiction story collection It Chooses You was published by McSweeney's in 2011. While procrastinating the writing of her screenplay The Future in 2009, July criss-crossed Los Angeles accompanied by photographer Brigitte Sireto to meet a random selection of PennySaver sellers, glimpsing thirteen surprisingly moving and profoundly specific realities, along the way shaping her film, and herself, in unexpected ways.The work received mixed reviews with fans citing the collection's "lasting impression" of realistic struggle and critics citing the mumblecore-influenced artist's writing style as a "cheap trick" in text-format. The First Bad Man
July's first novel The First Bad Man was published by Scribner in January 2015. The narrative centers around Cheryl Glickman, a middle-aged woman in crisis whose life abruptly changes course when a young woman, named Clee, moves into her home. The novel explores the complex relationship between Cheryl and Clee. In her review for The New York Times Book Review, reviewer Lauren Groff writes The First Bad Man "makes for a wry, smart companion on any day. It's warm. It has a heartbeat and a pulse.This is a book that is painfully alive." Styles and themes
July was heavily


texts: inspired by the riot grrrl movement. She was friends with several of the bands who were part of the movement such as Bikini Kill, Excuse 17, and Heavens to Betsy. Her films have a common theme of "intimacy." For example, many of her work's titles use pronouns ("me," "you," "we," etc.). July creates "slice of life" films using ordinary characters and giving them attention within her films. She describes this as her being, "desperate to bring people together."However, as she's aged she's become more interested in how people sabotage coming together. July receives criticism for being too "niche" or trying too hard to seem "quirky." According to The New York Times, "July has come to personify everything infuriating about the Etsy-shopping, Wes Anderson-quoting, McSweeney's-reading, coastal-living category of upscale urban bohemia that flourished in the aughts [sic]." She is often lumped in with directors like Wes Anderson and Noah Baumbach, but says she gets more push-back than them due to her films being so emotional and feminine, being called "precious" and "twee." In this same interview with The New York Times, <mask> explains that she likes the directors she's been compared to, but they never get criticized for making films about themselves, though she as a female film-maker is often labelled "self-obsessed." In a 2015 Guardian article, July adds, "Yes, it's pretty clear that ‘whimsical’ is a diminishing word, [...] I almost think asking the question is like I'm being asked to gossip about myself. I think it's kind of a female thing, being asked to gossip about yourself.I think I'm maybe done with that." July also often includes the theme of sex in her films. The New York Times


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 describes this theme "as both a sudden surprise and a way to illuminate the inner lives of her characters". July elaborates: “I was always interested in sex, even as a kid. Sex includes shame and humiliation and fantasies and longing. It’s so dense with the kinds of things I’m interested in.”

She has also expressed her interest in the rhythm and feeling of film, rather than being “inspired” by other filmmakers, and states that she wouldn't call herself a “cinephile.”

In between Me and You and Everyone We Know and The Future, July began to incorporate some of the oddball avant-garde things she had done in theater performance into her films, some of which was easier to swallow on stage but not on screen, such as the talking cat in The Future, which she was later criticized for by viewers. July also has a strong interest in clothing and costume.She served as the lookbook creative director for Uniqlo UT's 2019 clothing line. Personal life
<mask> is married to film-maker and visual artist Mike Mills, with whom she has a child, born in March 2012. <mask> and Mills met at both of their first Sundance Festival premieres in 2005, and married in mid-2009. In a 2007 interview with Bust magazine, <mask> spoke of the importance which feminism has had in her life, saying, "What's confusing about [being a feminist]? It's just being pro-your ability to do what you need to do. It doesn't mean you don't love your boyfriend or whatever... When I say 'feminist', I mean that in the most complex, interesting, exciting way!"In another interview she had on Idaho's Public Television station, she explains that once she started confronting the racial issues addressed in current day politics, she started

masks: July July July


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 contacting publishers and revising her work, realizing not everything she had said was racially and politically sound. She changed her last name to "<mask>" when she was 15, after a character (based on her) in a story by her high school best friend, Johanna Fateman. She changed her name legally in her early 20s. July describes her family as very "DIY", which probably accounts for some of July's makeshift style. Therefore, when July wanted to change her last name, her father was very accepting of the decision. Her father was a workaholic, which is something she believes she picked up from him. Her family also dabbled in practicing New Age religions and discussed spirituality while she was growing up.Works
 Filmography
 Full-length films
 Me and You and Everyone We Know (2005) – wrote, directed, and acted
 The Future  (2011) – wrote, directed, and acted
 Kajillionaire (2020) – wrote and directed

 Short films
 I Started Out with Nothing and I Still Have Most of It Left Atlanta (1996) – appeared on Audio-Cinematic Mix Tape (Peripheral Produce)
 A Shape Called Horse (1999) – appeared on Video Fanzine #1 (Kill Rock Stars)
 Nest of Tens (1999) (Peripheral Produce)
 Getting Stronger Every Day (2001) – 6 mins 30 secs, appeared on Peripheral Produce: All-Time Greatest Hits: a collection of experimental films and videos (Peripheral Produce)
 Haysha Royko (2003) – 4 mins
 Are You the Favorite Person of Anybody? (2005) – appeared on Wholphin issue 1Somebody (2014), Miu Miu's Women's Tales 8 – 10 mins 14 secsMiranda July Introduces the Miranda (2014) – advertisement for a handbag designed by July and Welcome Companions. With music by JD Samson. Other film work
 Jesus' Son (1999) (Lions


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 Gate Entertainment) – acted
 The Center of the World (2001) – co-wrote story
 Madeline's Madeline (2018) – acted
 Turn It Around: The Story of East Bay Punk (2017) – appearance as herself
 The Portland Girl Convention (1996) by Emily B. Kingan – documentary
 The Subconscious Art of Graffiti Removal (2001) by Matt McCormick – with narration by July

 Music videos
"Get Up" by Sleater-Kinney (1999) – directed by July
"Top Ranking" by Blonde Redhead (2007) – July acts in the video, directed by Mike Mills
"Hurry On Home" by Sleater-Kinney (2019) – directed, plus a cameo appearance

 Publications
 Full-length publications
 No One Belongs Here More Than You: Stories. New York City: Scribner, 2007. . The First Bad Man: A Novel. New York City: Scribner, 2015. .
 Miranda July (artist monograph).Munich: Prestel Publishing, 2020. .

 Collaborative publications
 Learning to Love You More. Munich: Prestel Publishing, 2007. With Harrell Fletcher. . It Chooses You. McSweeney's, Irregulars, 2011. 2002: Creative Capital Emerging Fields Award
2006: You, Me, and Everyone We Know received the Camera d’Or at the Cannes Film Festival and a Special Jury Prize at Sundance. 2007: No One Belongs Here More Than You won the Frank O’Connor award.2016: July was one of 683 artists and executives invited to join the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences as a writer. In popular culture
 (Satirical piece)

See also
 List of female film and television directors

References

Further reading
 Czudaj, Antje. <mask>'s Intermedial Art: The Creative Class Between Self-Help and Individualism; Columbia University Press, 2016. Mörke, Luise. "An Eerily Vulnerable Thing. <mask> July and the Failure of Profundity,"

masks:
Miranda July
Miranda


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 Photogénie''. Retrieved February 16, 2021.External links

 Joanie 4 Jackie : "Big Miss Moviola Chainletter"

 Ed Champion. <mask> July Interview - The Bat Segundo Show #405

1974 births
Living people
Actresses from Vermont
American feminists
American film actresses
American people of Jewish descent
American performance artists
Artists from Portland, Oregon
Feminist artists
Feminist musicians
Film directors from Oregon
American women film directors
K Records artists
Kill Rock Stars
Musicians from Vermont
Pacific Northwest artists
People from Barre, Vermont
Sundance Film Festival award winners
American women screenwriters
American short story writers
American women short story writers
Filmmakers from Portland, Oregon
Film directors from Vermont
Screenwriters from Oregon
Screenwriters from Vermont
Directors of Caméra d'Or winners
21st-century American women
Women in


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Józef Franciszek Darzyn Ciemiński (Borzyszkowy, 4 August 1867-Winona, 1959) was a Polish-born Roman Catholic priest. He emigrated with his parents to the United States in 1881 and was ordained as a Priest in Saint Paul, Minnesota in 1895. He was involved with numerous Polish Catholic parishes during his lifetime including the now closed troubled Parish of Saints Peter and Paul in Duluth, Minnesota and the parish of Holy Cross in Minneapolis. Biography
He was born in the Kaszubian village of Borzyszkowy, near Bytow. He was the first of ten children born to Franciszek and <mask>, who emigrated from Prussian Poland (Kashubia) to the United States in 1881 aboard the paddle steamer Grimsby, which made him a participant in the Kashubian diaspora. The humble peasant boy's fifty-one years as a Roman Catholic priest would take him from the post of archdiocesan Secretary to the rectory of a Polish colony on the Minnesota frontier, and from Minneapolis troubleshooter to respected patriarch of Winona's Kaszubian Polish community. Kashubian born and American educated, Father Joseph F. Cieminski exemplified through his long and accomplished life the hard work and achievements of America's Kashubian Polish community.Young <mask> studied in Winona schools until he went away to seminary. He was then ordained in Saint Paul, in 1895. Father <mask>'s first assignment was as secretary to Reverend John Ireland, first Archbishop of Saint Paul. The strong-minded Archbishop Ireland was no admirer of Eastern Europeans, or of Poles in particular. But Father <mask>'s talents were soon needed elsewhere. His first parish assignment transferred him to Saint Stanislaus Kostka in the newly established Diocese of Winona, where he served

masks:
Maryanna Darzyn Cieminski
Jozef
Cieminski
Cieminski


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 as assistant to the pastor, Father Jakub W.J. Pacholski.The fact that Archbishop Ireland dispatched his secretary out of the diocese to work alongside the extremely capable Father Pacholski suggests that the disturbances at Saint Stanislaus were more substantial than the available information would indicate. Wilno, Minnesota
Father Cieminski's next assignment, in Wilno, Minnesota, returned him to the Archdiocese of Saint Paul. The Polish colony in Wilno had been established in 1883 under the auspices of the Archdiocese and the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad. It represented an attempt to steer underemployed Polish-American urbanites into the Archdiocese of Saint Paul's wide-open western spaces; a recent article by John Radzilowski treats Wilno as an exemplar of Polish-American farm life. Radzilowski also chronicles Archbishop Ireland's ham-fisted attempt to control Wilno's  Saint John Cantius Parish by replacing a popular Polish-speaking priest with an unfortunate Bohemian priest who (due solely to his ethnicity) was run out of the parish in some time. From 1896 to 1902, Father Jan Andrzejewski had labored to build for St. John Cantius what Father Waclaw Kruszka describes as "a new, spacious, and magnificent temple,"  only to depart just before the building's consecration in a confrontation (according to the 1983 Parish Jubilee Book) over the church organ. Arriving in 1902, Father Cieminski brought the parish back into line despite the fact that Father Andrezejewski remained in Wilno for quite some time.In 1906, Father Cieminski also engaged the School Sisters of Saint Francis from Rochester (otherwise known as the Rochester Franciscans) to staff Saint John Cantius's elementary school. In 1907 Father


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 Cieminski was recalled by the Diocese of Winona as pastor of Saint Casimir's Church in Wells, Minnesota; his three years in the little Faribault County town appear to have been free of any major troubles. Duluth
In 1910, Father Cieminski transferred to Duluth, Minnesota, to serve as pastor to the troubled parish of Saints Peter and Paul (now closed). Duluth's second Polish Catholic church had become a battleground between the Diocese of Duluth and a group of "independent" parishioners determined to bring it into the Polish National Catholic Church. Already a group of "independents" had seceded from Duluth's first Polish Catholic church, Saint Mary Star of the Sea, resulting in the 1907 foundation of Saint Josephat's Polish National Church. The legal battle over Saints Peter and Paul had been won, but Father Cieminski had to spend the next five years putting the parish of Saints Peter and Paul back in order. Minneapolis
1915 saw Father Cieminski moving to another trouble spot, the parish of Holy Cross in Minneapolis, founded in 1886 by his mentor and friend, Father Pacholski.Holy Cross had been in turmoil for several years, due to a scandal which possibly involved its longtime pastor, Father Henryk Jazdzewski. Sensing an opportunity, a faction of "independents" had already broken away from Holy Cross and founded Sacred Heart Polish National Church. Another such faction had arisen and was trying to take over Holy Cross itself. On March 4, 1916, Father Cieminski's task became further complicated when Father Jazdzewski was shot and killed in the rectory of Saint Casimir's Parish in Minneapolis by a former Holy Cross parishioner. Again, Father Cieminski successfully healed a congregation and brought it


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 safely back into the fold. Winona
In 1932, <mask>, now aged 65, replaced the late Father Pacholski as pastor of Saint Stanislaus Kostka in Winona. For the first time in his career as a priest, Father Cieminski had the enviable task of building upon an already rock solid foundation.Having succeeded in the most difficult positions that three separate Minnesota dioceses could find for him, he had no difficulty following in Father Pacholski's giant footsteps. Instead, he went on to become a beloved pastor and a respected figure in the Winona community, no doubt helped by the fact that he was Kashubian born and Winona raised, serving in the "Kashubian Capital of America." In 1943, his exemplary efforts were rewarded when Pope Pius XII raised him to the rank of Monsignor. In 1946, his retirement after fifty-one years in the priesthood was celebrated with an outpouring of gratitude of respect from his parishioners, his fellow priests, and the Winona community. Father Joseph F. Cieminski died in a Saint James, Minnesota, retirement facility on November 19, 1959. Over his ninety-two years he had experienced - and taken an integral part in - dramatic changes for both the Roman Catholic Church in Minnesota and the Kashubian community of the Upper Mississippi Valley. He lies buried in Winona, among other members of the Cieminski family, in Saint Mary's Cemetery.References

1867 births
1959 deaths
American people of Kashubian descent
Kashubians
People from Winona, Minnesota
American Roman Catholic priests
Polish Roman Catholic priests
Kashubian clergy
Kashubian culture
Roman Catholic Diocese of Duluth
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis
Roman Catholic Diocese of Winona-Rochester
Catholics from


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Jean-<mask> (also known as <mask>) (28 January 1768 – 19 July 1836) was a French Roman Catholic bishop and later cardinal. He was the first Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Boston, Massachusetts in the United States, and later became a bishop and then archbishop in his native France. Early life
Cheverus was born on January 28, 1768 in the city of Mayenne, then in the ancient Province of Maine, where his father was the general civil judge and lieutenant of police. He studied at the college of Mayenne, received the tonsure aged twelve and became the commendatory prior of Torbechet while still little more than a child, through which he derived sufficient income for his education. He entered the College of Louis le Grand in 1781, and after completing his theological studies at the Seminary of St. Magloire, was ordained a deacon in October 1790. At the age of 22, he was ordained a priest for Montauban by special dispensation on December 18. He was immediately made canon of the cathedral of Le Mans and began to act as vicar to his uncle, the pastor of Mayenne, who died in 1792, succeeding him at that time.Cheverus refused to take the oath imposed by the Revolution and this cost him his parish, and very nearly his life. He escaped from Paris to London, in disguise. Offered aid on his arrival, he replied: "The little I have will suffice until I learn something of the language. Once acquainted with that, I can earn my living by manual labor, if necessary". In three months he was teaching French and mathematics, and within a year gathered a congregation. A letter from a former professor at Orléans, the Reverend François Antoine Matignon, now in charge under Bishop John Carroll of all the Catholic church and missions in New England, urged Cheverus to come there to help in the work of the church. Cheverus first emigrated to England in 1792, then to America, settling in Boston on October 3,

masks: Louis Anne Madelain Lefebvre de Cheverus


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 1796.American career

<mask>, although at first appointed to an Indian mission in Maine, remained in Boston for nearly a year, and returned there after several months in the Penobscot and Passamaquoddy missions, and visited scattered Catholic families along the way. During the epidemic of yellow fever in 1798 he won great praise and respect for his courage and charity; and his preaching was listened to by many Protestants; indeed, the subscriptions for the Church of the Holy Cross which he founded in 1803 were largely from non-Catholics. In 1808 the papal brief was issued making Boston a bishopric, suffragan to Baltimore, and Cheverus its bishop. He was consecrated Bishop of Boston on All Saints Day 1810 in Baltimore, Maryland, by John Carroll, the first Catholic bishop of the nation. Later, upon Carroll's death, his auxiliary bishop, Leonard Neale, urged the appointment of Cheverus as auxiliary to himself. Cheverus refused and strongly asserted his desire to remain in Boston. Cheverus supported the establishment in 1816 of the Provident Institution for Savings in the Town of Boston, the first chartered savings bank in the U.S.He believed the bank would inspire virtuous thrifty behavior amongst his parishioners. Some of the books in Cheverus' personal library now reside in the collection of the Boston Athenaeum. In 1820, Bishop Cheverus oversaw the opening of an Ursuline convent in the rectory of the Boston cathedral. A school for girls was set up in the convent, intended to educate the area's poor. The convent with its school later relocated to Charlestown, but was burned down in the anti-Catholic riots of 1834. Much broken by the death of Matignon in 1818 and with his health impaired, he soon found it necessary to leave the seat of his bishopric. Return to France

In 1823 King Louis XVIII of France insisted that Cheverus return to France.Cheverus was named the Bishop of Montauban, on


texts: January 13, 1823 while still in Boston. The parishioners of Boston asked for the appointment in France to be rescinded, even garnering 226 signatures from the adult men in the congregation. Nevertheless, Cheverus had felt called to return to France for some time. He remained in Boston before departing for the Port of New York in September 1823. He was appointed Archbishop of Bordeaux on July 30, 1826; and was elevated to cardinal on February 1, 1836, in accordance with the wish of King Louis Philippe. On one occasion, walking outside Bordeaux, he was approached by a beggar. The Cardinal, who could never refuse an alms, gave the man a franc.'Monseigneur", said an attendant, "I think you have made a mistake. The man you have just given money to is a Jew." "Thank you", replied the Cardinal, "It is true, I did not know it." Calling the man back, he then handed him a five franc piece, adding "There are so few who would give him anything." Cheverus died in Bordeaux on July 19, 1836, at the age of sixty-eight. Cheverus' work in New England, covering twenty-seven years, included every form of missionary activity. He lived among the Indians, mastering their dialect; traveled long distances on foot, attending scattered Catholics; nursed the sick and buried the dead during two yellow fever epidemics; collected funds and built a church in Boston; and served as businessman, adviser, peacemaker, servant, and pastor for his flock.His devotion to duty and extraordinary tact gradually won the respect of many Puritans. Ministers invited him to their pulpits. The legislature sought and acted on his counsel. At a state banquet to President John Adams (whose name had headed a list of Protestant contributors to the Catholic Church building fund), he was placed next the guest of honour. In 1950, an engraved tablet was placed adjacent to the St. Thomas More Oratory entrance at 49 Franklin Street in Boston. It reads:


texts:
 “Near this site stood THE CATHEDRAL OF THE HOLY CROSS, established 1803 by Jean Lefebvre <mask>, First Catholic Bishop of Boston; Missionary to the Penobscot Indians; Friend of President John Adams; Advisor to our State Legislature; One of America’s noblest priests. He stood by the bedside of Catholic and Protestant alike.This tablet placed by a group of Protestant Businessmen, 1950.”

Cheverus in literature

Jean-<mask> <mask>, is one of the principal characters in the novel The Garden of Martyrs by Michael C. White. This is a fictional account of the historic murder in Northampton, Massachusetts, in 1805 and the subsequent conviction of James Halligan and Dominic Daley. The conviction was doubtful because of the bigotry of the period toward Catholics, and Irish Catholics in particular. Cheverus came to assist Dominic Daley, one of his parishioners in Boston, at great personal risk, in his last days and he was present at the execution in 1806. Places named for Cheverus

Cheverus High School, a Jesuit College Preparatory school in Portland, Maine. Cheverus Hall, a student residence at Boston College. Collège Cheverus, a French secondary international school.Cheverus Centennial School, a Catholic Elementary school in Malden, Massachusetts. College Cheverus, Public Middle school, Bordeaux, France. References

Bibliography
 Hamon, André (1837). Vie du cardinal de Cheverus, archevèque de Bordeaux quatrième édition (Paris 1837). "Memoir  of Bishop Cheverus," Published June 1825 in Boston Monthly Magazine, Vol. 1, Issue 2

Acknowledgments

1768 births
1836 deaths
People from Mayenne
Lycée Louis-le-Grand alumni
18th-century Roman Catholic priests
French expatriates in the United States
French Roman Catholic missionaries
Roman Catholic bishops of Boston
Bishops of Montauban
Bishops appointed by Pope Pius VII
Archbishops of Bordeaux
19th-century French cardinals
Roman Catholic missionaries in the

masks:
de Cheverus
Louis Lefebvre
de Cheverus


texts:
<mask> (born 12 May 1997) is a British track and field athlete, specialising in heptathlon and the high jump. She is the 2014 World Junior champion in heptathlon and high jump, and the 2015 European Junior champion in high jump. <mask> broke the 29-year-old UK Under 17 high jump record, clearing 1.90 m in 2013, and broke the 23-year-old UK Under 20 high jump record with 1.93m in 2014. She also broke the world indoor pentathlon youth (under-18) record in 2014, with a score of 4284 points. At the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio, she became the first British woman to reach an Olympic high jump final since Debbie Marti in 1992. In 2018, she finished fourth at the World Indoor Championships and won her first senior silver medal at the Commonwealth Games. Athletics career
Born in Reading, Berkshire, England, <mask> began to compete competitively as an under-13 in 2008 at Slough Juniors Athletics Club.In 2009, she broke the UK under-13 pentathlon record with 3,046 points. In 2011, she broke the under-15 record with 3,755 points. At the English Schools Championships, she won the pentathlon and long jump in 2010 (under-15) and the long jump in 2012 (under-17). In 2013, she finished second at the British Indoor Championships in the high jump. Coaching
<mask> competes for Windsor, Slough, Eton and Hounslow Athletic Club and is coached by her father Eldon <mask>. She also receives specialist coaching from Jeremy Tigar in the throw disciplines (shot put and javelin), Richard Aspden in the high jump and Ian Grant in the hurdles. 2013

At the 2013 World Youth Championships in Donetsk, <mask> led after day one of the heptathlon by 192 points.The day included a UK Under 17 record of 1.90 m in the high jump, a height that would have been good enough to win the individual high jump event. The previous record of 1.89 by Debbie Marti, had stood for 29 years. However, on day two she could only manage 4.63 metres in the long jump, followed

masks:
Morgan Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake


texts:
 by two fouls. Then in the javelin, she could only throw 30.81 metres. These performances saw her drop down to sixth and she withdrew from the competition before the final event, the 800 metres. 2014
In February 2014, <mask> competed in an indoor athletics event in Vaxjo, Sweden, where she broke the World Youth (U18) Record for the pentathlon, improving Carolina Klüft's score of 4261, with 4284 points. On 2 and 3 May 2014, <mask> won the prestigious Multistars international event in her debut at the senior heptathlon.Still 9 days short of her 17th birthday, she became by four years the youngest champion in the 27-year history of the event. Her score of 5896 points exceeded by 780 points the performance (5116 points) achieved by Olympic champion Jessica Ennis-Hill at the age of 17 when placing 13th in the same event in 2003. <mask>'s performance also exceeded by 415 points the previous UK Youth record for the heptathlon (5481 points), set in 2009 by Katarina Johnson-Thompson. On 18 May, she broke the 23-year-old UK junior high jump record with a clearance of 1.93 m in Loughborough. The previous record of 1.91 m was set by Lea Haggett in 1991 and was equalled in 1997 by Susan Jones. On 31 May and 1 June 2014 <mask> competed in the Hypo Meeting, generally considered the premier multi-events meeting in the annual athletics calendar. She achieved 17th place, improving her lifetime best score and UK Youth record by 185 points to a total of 6081 points.This performance also ranked her second on the UK all-time Under 20 list, behind Katarina Johnson-Thompson, and improved by 90 points the European Youth record of 5991 points achieved in 2005 by Tatyana Chernova of Russia, the 2011 World Champion at heptathlon. <mask>'s individual performances in Götzis included three new personal bests in the shot putt, a personal best in the 200 metres and two personal bests in the javelin throw. In July 2014, <mask> and her coaches

masks: Lake Lake Lake Lake Lake Lake


texts: initially planned to have her compete in the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, but decided against it and headed for the 2014 World Junior Championships in Eugene, Oregon instead. She began her campaign at the championships on 22 July with the 100 m hurdles, finishing fourth in the third heat and 12th overall with a time of 14.29 s. She stormed to the top of the heptathlon table with 2,096 points, setting a British junior record of 1.94 m in the heptathlon high jump. The only athlete to have cleared 1.85 m, she attempted a world youth record and British senior record height of 1.97 m, but failed to clear it. She began the afternoon session with a win in the heptathlon shot put, throwing 14.17 m to take her total to 2,901 points. She closed the day with the 200 m, finishing in third place both in the third heat and overall behind German world youth champion Celina Leffler and Dutch athlete Nadine Visser to end with a total of 3,821 points and remain at the top of the heptathlon table.<mask> started the second day relatively poorly, finishing fourth in the heptathlon long jump in with a distance of 5.90 m. However, her total rose to 4,640 points, still enough to keep her at the top of the heptathlon table and in pole position for the gold medal. She finished in sixth place at the heptathlon javelin throw the same morning with a personal best of 41.66 m, but remained on top of the overall table with an additional 699 points to her total. <mask> then closed the day with a seventh-place finish in the 800 m with a personal best time of 2:21.06, but secured the gold medal with a final total of 6,148 points, ahead of Cuban Yorgelis Rodríguez and Visser, who went on to win bronze in the individual 100 m hurdles event on 28 July. On 27 July, the final day of the championships, <mask> competed in the individual high jump event, and took her second gold medal with a height of 1.93 m. She and silver medallist Michaela

masks: Lake Lake Lake


texts:
 Hrubá of the Czech Republic were the only competitors to have managed to clear 1.91 m. <mask> went on to make three attempts at 1.97 m as she did in the heptathlon high jump five days earlier, but again failed to set a new British senior record. 2016
On 18 August 2016, <mask> competed in the Rio Olympics in the individual high jump event for Team GB, achieving a personal best of 1.94 m and reaching the final. In the finals, <mask> successfully completed a height of 1.93 m coming joint 10th alongside Iryna Herashchenko and Inika McPherson. 2018
<mask> finished fourth at the 2018 IAAF World Indoor Championships, with a clearance of 1.93 metres, missing out on a medal on countback.A month later, she won a silver medal at the 2018 Commonwealth Games, with another clearance of 1.93 m.

2019
<mask> was selected to represent Great Britain at the 2019 IAAF World Athletics Championships in Doha, Qatar. She competed in the high jump and was eliminated during qualification after failing at 1.89m. 2020
She became British champion for the fifth successive year when winning the high jump event at the 2020 British Athletics Championships with a jump of 1.80 metres. References

External links

 <mask> at the Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games

1997 births
Living people
People from Reading, Berkshire
Sportspeople from Berkshire
British heptathletes
English heptathletes
English high jumpers
British high jumpers
Olympic high jumpers
Olympic athletes of Great Britain
Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Olympics
English female high jumpers
British female high jumpers
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for England
Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
World Athletics Championships athletes for Great Britain
People educated at Wellington College, Berkshire
Athletes (track and field) at the 2020 Summer Olympics
British Athletics

masks:
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Morgan Lake


texts: <mask> (born 5 June 1979) is a retired Australian rules footballer, who formerly played for the Geelong Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). A fullback,  tall and weighing , <mask> is the eldest son of former Geelong footballer <mask>. <mask> was selected by Geelong with the 45th overall pick in the 1997 AFL Draft under the father-son rule, and made his senior debut for the club in the final round of the 1998 AFL season. <mask> played predominantly as a fullback, and has garnered a long list of individual accolades. He is a triple premiership player from Geelong's premiership-winning teams of 2007, 2009 and 2011, has won a Carji Greeves Medal and been selected to six All-Australian sides, the most selections for a Geelong player. As well as this, <mask> has been inducted into the Geelong Football Club Hall

masks:
Matthew Scarlett
Scarlett
John Scarlett
Scarlett
Scarlett
Scarlett


texts:
 of Fame, represented the Victorian state team in the AFL Hall of Fame Tribute Match and represented Australia in International rules football. <mask> is currently serving as a development coach with the Geelong Football Club.Early life
<mask> grew up in Geelong, Victoria, the son of former Geelong Football Club player <mask>. Despite this, <mask> supported Essendon as a child, citing Michael Long and <mask> as his favourite players. He was educated at St Joseph's College—the same school as his father—where he played junior football alongside future Geelong teammate Cameron Ling. <mask> entered the next phase of his junior career when he was selected to play for the Geelong Falcons in the under 18 TAC Cup competition in 1997. His achievements with the Falcons were recognised when he was chosen to play for the Victorian

masks:
Scarlett
Matthew Scarlett
John Scarlett
Scarlett
Matthew Lloyd
Scarlett


texts:
 Country representative side at the AFL Under 18 Championships, as well as being selected in the full-back position of the TAC Cup's Team of the Year. AFL career

1998–1999: Debut and early career
<mask> was drafted by the Geelong Football Club under the father-son rule with their fourth selection in the 1997 AFL Draft, and was the forty-fifth overall draft pick. He was the club's second father-son recruit of the draft, with Marc Woolnough chosen with the club's second selection.In analysing his drafting, media reports identified <mask>'s strong marking and kicking skills whilst noting his potential as a key defender. Despite playing in the league's pre-season competition as a back pocket, <mask> did not make his senior-level debut until the final round of the 1998 AFL season where he was matched up against Essendon

masks: Scarlett Scarlett Scarlett


texts:
 full-forward <mask>. Geelong won this game by ten points, and although <mask> himself garnered a respectable six disposals and took two marks, he allowed Lloyd to score six goals – a third of the team's total. <mask> did not play again until midway through the following season where he was once again matched against Lloyd. <mask> later credited these match-ups with Lloyd as assisting his long-term development as a player – acknowledging that it was a challenging start to his career. He made a further four senior appearances during the season, including scoring his first goal in round 17. However the majority of the year was spent playing with the reserves team, where he placed third in the best and fairest.2000–2002: Establishment in the side
Following his limited playing opportunities in his first two seasons, <mask>

masks:
Matthew Lloyd
Scarlett
Scarlett
Scarlett
Scarlett


texts: established himself in the senior side during the 2000 AFL season, playing in 21 games. This included his finals debut in Geelong's elimination final against , in which they were ultimately defeated by nine points. This capped off a breakthrough season for <mask>, scoring two goals, achieving his first match in which he gathered at least ten possessions, and earning an AFL Rising Star nomination. <mask> played a further 20 games and scored another two goals in 2001, a season in which had three games with 20 or more disposals. He was rewarded for his efforts by finishing runner-up in the club's best and fairest award, the Carji Greeves Medal. <mask> celebrated his 50th game in the third round of the 2002 season with a victory over . He was awarded his first Brownlow Medal votes after achieving 26 possessions in a match


texts:
 against  in round eight.At the conclusion of the season, <mask> Greeves Medal and dual All-Australian selection
<mask> played in every game for the second successive season in 2003, and had a career-high of 15 marks in round 16 against the . His consistent high number of marks was reflected when, at season's end, he was ranked 14th in the league for total marks, having obtained 134 marks throughout the 2003 season. <mask>'s performances throughout the season were recognised when he was awarded the club's best and fairest award, the Carji Greeves Medal, as well as achieving All-Australian honours for the first time in his career, and again representing Australia in International rules football. Following another season without participation in the finals series, <mask> and his teammates began their 2004 campaign with an

masks: Scarlettji Scarlett Scarlett Scarlett


texts: appearance in the pre-season competition final against . During the home-and-away period, <mask> helped the Cats compile a 15–7 win-loss record to qualify for their first finals series in four years. Geelong progressed to the preliminary finals, before losing to Brisbane for a spot in the 2004 AFL Grand Final.<mask> made twenty-five appearances in total over the course of the season, participating in every match. His high participation rate was realised when he spent all but three minutes in total of the season's matches on the field. <mask> shared his 100th match with fellow Geelong defender Tom Harley in a 23-point victory over  in the ninth round of the season. He once again finished the year ranked high within the league for total marks (132), placing equal eleventh. He gathered further individual accolades, finishing


texts:
 runner-up in club best and fairest voting, as well as earning an All-Australian selection for the second-consecutive season. 2005–2006: 100th consecutive match and NAB Cup win
The following year, Geelong again qualified for the finals series after finishing the home-and-away campaign with a 12–10 win-loss record. They progressed through to the semi-finals, before a three-point loss to the Sydney Swans ended their season.<mask>'s consistency, reflected with his appearance in twenty-five games during the year and ranking equal twelfth for total marks within the league (146), was rewarded with a runner-up finishing in the club best and fairest award. <mask>'s consistent appearance within the Geelong side was recognised when he played in his 100th-consecutive game for the club in round 16. After consecutive appearances in the

masks: Scarlett Scarlett


texts: finals series, <mask> and Geelong were expected to challenge for the premiership once again in 2006. The club's 2006 campaign began successfully when, captained by <mask>, they captured the pre-season NAB Cup, winning their first pre-season premiership since 1961. During the season, <mask>'s streak of four consecutive seasons of featuring in every Geelong match was broken following a two-game hiatus in the second and third rounds. Despite this, <mask> played in 20 of 22 games for the season, including his 150th senior appearance for the club. He had a career-best 34 possessions in round 16, which was a one-point win over the Western Bulldogs, and garnered 13 or more possessions in 17 of his games.However, the Cats only managed to win 10 games throughout the season and missed qualification for the finals series. <mask>

masks: Scarlett Scarlett Scarlett Scarlett Scarlett


texts:
 finished the season unusually, playing as a forward in the final two matches, managing three goals for a season-total of four. 2007–2012: Premiership success and retirement

<mask> helped the Cats finish the home-and-away campaign first on the ladder to win the McClelland Trophy. Geelong progressed through to the 2007 AFL Grand Final, where they defeated Port Adelaide by a record 119 points to capture their first premiership since 1963. <mask> played in 24 games for the year and gathered a range of individual accolades. After earning his first premiership medal in the Grand Final victory, where he placed third in the Norm Smith Medal voting after gathering 29 possessions and scoring two behinds, <mask> also achieved All-Australian honours for the third time in his career. <mask> also had at least 10 disposals in every match

masks: Scarlett Scarlett Scarlett Scarlett


texts: for the season, with nine of these totals above 20.As well as the premiership victory, <mask> also celebrated his 100th win for the club, which came in Geelong's qualifying final victory over the . <mask> helped the Cats achieve a record-equalling 21-win season and secure the McClelland Trophy for the second successive year in 2008. His standout season was recognised early on when he was selected to play for Victoria in the AFL Hall of Fame Tribute Match, and was later selected to his fourth All-Australian team, again as fullback. <mask> made his 200th senior appearance for the club in round eighteen against Richmond, surpassing his father's total of 183 games for the club. He also set a career-best total of 14 handpasses in round 16 against the Western Bulldogs, finishing with 32 possessions. Despite having eight games


texts: with a minimum of 20 disposals, <mask> failed to kick a goal for the first time since 2003. Having qualified for the finals series in first position on the ladder, Geelong progressed through to the Grand Final for the second successive season.Despite losing only one game during the home-and-away period, Geelong failed to capture the premiership as they were defeated by  in the deciding game for the season. <mask> performed consistently, but failed to have a massive impact in the final, gathering 11 disposals and one mark, as well as laying two tackles. However, he did limit Coleman Medallist Lance Franklin to only two goals for the match. During the 2009 season, <mask> was placed on Geelong's veteran-list, where half his salary would come outside of the club's salary cap. <mask> was vital in Geelong's 2009 Grand Final


texts:
 triumph where he produced some magic play with less than five minutes to go, kicking the stationary ball off the ground from the centre square and setting up the match and premiership-winning goal by Paul Chapman. <mask> was also involved in Geelong's 2011 Grand Final victory over , making him one of the twelve Geelong players to participate in all three premierships of the era. <mask> retired after Geelong's 2012 season ended with an elimination final loss to Fremantle.Post-retirement
Following his retirement at the end of 2012, <mask> joined the Western Bulldogs as a part-time development coach specialising in the development of defenders. He was joined on the coaching team by former teammates Cameron Mooney and Steven King, as well as being reunited with Brendan McCartney, who was an assistant coach for Geelong from 2000


texts:
 to 2010. <mask> additionally signed a deal to play in the Geelong Football League for South Barwon in 2013. <mask> returned to the club he played with, Geelong Cats, in 2016 as an assistant coach with primary responsibility for defence. In this role, he has crafted an unheralded group of players (known by their self-invented nickname "the misfits") into arguably the best defence in the AFL. He is widely respected both within the club and externally for his coaching work. Statistics

|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
!scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1998
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 41 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 5 || 1 || 6 || 2 || 1 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 5.0 || 1.0 || 6.0 || 2.0 || 1.0
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1999
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 30 || 5 || 1 || 1 || 15 || 2 || 17 || 9 || 3 || 0.2 || 0.2


texts:
 #EAEAEA"
!scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2012
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 30 || 16 || 0 || 0 || 169 || 75 || 244 || 89 || 40 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 10.6 || 4.7 || 15.2 || 5.6 || 2.5
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan=3| Career
! 284
! 17
! 23
! 2711
! 1497
!4208
! 1414
! 437
! 0.1
! 0.1
! 9.5
! 5.3
!14.8
! 5.0
! 1.5
|}

Honours and achievements

Team
AFL Premiership (Geelong): 2007, 2009, 2011
McClelland Trophy (Geelong): 2007, 2008
NAB Cup (Geelong): 2006 (Captain), 2009

Individual
All-Australian: 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011
Carji Greeves Medal: 2003
Leigh Matthews Trophy nominee: 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007
Australian representative honours in International rules football: 2002, 2003
Geelong F.C. Hall of Fame Inductee: 2006
Geelong F.C. Life Membership Inductee: 2006
Geelong F.C. Coach's Award: 2000
Victorian


texts:
 Representative Honours in AFL Hall of Fame Tribute Match: 2008
AFL Rising Star Award Nominee: 2000
Victorian Country Representative Honours at the AFL Under 18 Championships: 1997
Named in the TAC Cup Team of the Year: 1997 (Full-Back)

Personal life
<mask> married his longtime partner Milla Warren in October 2007, which capped off his premiership-winning year and the addition of the couple's first child, a daughter Charlie, to the family in May. <mask> also has another daughter from a previous relationship with Jodie Nankervis, the daughter of former Geelong player Bruce Nankervis, and is eight years older than Charlie.<mask> and his family currently reside in the coastal town of Jan Juc, Victoria. See also
List of Australian rules football families
List of Geelong Football Club individual awards and


texts:
 records

References

External links

1979 births
All-Australians (AFL)
Carji Greeves Medal winners
Geelong Football Club players
Geelong Football Club Premiership players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Geelong Falcons players
Australian people of British descent
St Joseph's Football Club players
South Barwon Football Club players
Sportspeople from Geelong
Living people
Australia international rules football team players
Australian Football Hall of Fame inductees
Three-time VFL/AFL Premiership