texts:
 Breslau Diocese. After his first Mass in his home parish Saint Barbara in Königshütte, he was appointed by the Bishop of Breslau to the autonomous Berlin ecclesiastic province. He worked in Berlin and Pomerania. He spent his first years in Berlin as an assistant priest. The German economy was in post-war crisis, with high inflation.For the young priest it was natural to use a large part of his inheritance and his income to support impoverished families. He supported the "press apostolate" by distributing Catholic daily media and a church bulletin. Thus Catholics had access to newspapers, which were an alternative to non-Christian and, indeed, anti-Christian militant Nazi party press. He showed passive opposition to the Nazi regime. e.g. he refused to join a 1935 collection for the Nazi state, in order to be able to support his own charity works. This caused local group leader of NSDAP to organise a public confrontation.He would also refuse to say the Nazi greeting Heil Hitler and encouraged his parishioners to use traditional greeting Grüß Gott – praised be God. In his letter to the Reichsarbeitsdienstgruppe in Bad Polzin dated 23 September 1935, Father Froehlich explained his reasons why he would end also his letters with the Praise God greeting:

From 1937 to 1942 he lived in Rathenow as a parish priest in the church of Saint Georg. Numerous Polish forced labourers worked in the Rathenow area at the optical armaments company Emil Busch A.G.. Because Polish Catholics were not allowed to participate in German worship, <mask> and his assistant priest celebrated separate Sunday Masses for


type: original

texts:
 them. When he heard about maltreatment of Polish forced labourers (e.g. of a pregnant woman), he brought that courageously into public and spoke about it during church announcements. He contacted the employment office and the management of the Busch company, probably not knowing that their responsible human resources officer Heinrich Meierkord as SA leader had also brought his Jewish brother Max Abraham to the concentration camp. That caused reaction by Nazi authorities.He was arrested. On 28 July 1941 he was transferred from Potsdam prison to a concentration camp. In the period of eleven months he was in three concentration camps: Buchenwald, Ravensbrück and, finally, Dachau, where he died because of bad prison conditions on 22 June 1942. Education
In 1912 August started his studies in Philosophy, but he could not continue because of the First World War. But finally he was able to finish his studies. See also
 Priest Barracks of Dachau Concentration Camp

Memory
 Commemorative plaque in a crypt of St. Hedwig's Cathedral in Berlin,
 Commemorative plaque in a church of St. Josef in Berlin-Rudow,
 Commemorative plaque in a church of St. Paul in Drawsko Pomorskie,
 Street named his name <mask>-Froehlich-Straße in Berlin-Rudow,
 Street named his name Pfarrer-Froehlich-Straße in Rathenow. References

Bibliography
 Annette Froehlich: Pfarrer August Froehlich : vom Widerstand gegen NS-Willkür zum Märtyrer.Bautz, Nordhausen 2009. Karl-Joseph Hummel, Christoph Kösters, Zwangsarbeit und katholische Kirche 1939-1945. Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn 2008. Gerhard Lange: Pfarrer <mask>ich.

masks:
August
August Froehl


texts:
 In: Zeugen für Christus. Das deutsche Martyrologium des 20. Jahrhunderts.Hrsg. von Helmut Moll im Auftrag der Deutschen Bischofskonferenz. Paderborn 1999, S. 94–97
 Benedicta Maria Kempner: Priester vor Hitlers Tribunalen, str. 87-91. Verlag Rütten & Loening, München 1966, 1967, 1996. Reimund Schnabel: Die Frommen in der Hölle, Geistliche in Dachau. Berlin 1966
 Heinz Kühn: Blutzeugen des Bistums Berlin.Klausener, Lichtenberg, Lampert, Lorenz, Simoleit, Mandrella, Hirsch, Wachsmann, Metzger, Schäfer, Willimsky, Lenzel, Froehlich. Morus-Verlag, Berlin 1952
 Josef Mörsdorf: <mask>ich. Pfarrer von Rathenow. Morus-Verlag, Berlin 1947
 Kurt Willig: Berliner Priester im Konzentrationslager in: Petrusblatt Nr. 4, Bistum Berlin 1945

External links
  The German Resistance Memorial Center: Priest <mask> (English)
 Website of Archidiocese of Berlin: Reminiscence of priest <mask> as a victim of nazism (German)

1891 births
1942 deaths
Roman Catholics in the German Resistance
German human rights activists
German civilians killed in World War II
Resistance members who died in Nazi concentration camps
Buchenwald concentration camp survivors
Ravensbrück concentration camp survivors
German people who died in Dachau concentration camp
Martyred Roman Catholic priests
20th-century Roman Catholic martyrs
20th-century venerated Christians
People from the Province of Silesia
People from Chorzów
Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 1st class
German military personnel of World War I
German prisoners of war in World War I
World War I prisoners of war held by the United Kingdom
20th-century German Roman Catholic

masks:
August Froehl
August Froehlich
August Froehlich


texts: <mask><mask> (born 1947) was the 16th Director of the National Park Service of the United States and first woman to hold that position. She was appointed by President George W. Bush and confirmed by the U.S. Senate in 2001. She announced her retirement in July 2006 and resigned effective October 15, 2006. Mary A. Bomar, was sworn-in as the 17th Director on October 17, 2006. <mask> was in charge of the NPS when it allowed Redskin's Owner Dan Snyder to illegally remove 130 trees from his property, and while the park ranger who blew the whistle on this activity, Ranger Robert M. Danno, was persecuted at length. She subsequently gave contradictory accounts of this to federal investigators. She currently is a visiting scholar at Clemson University where she is Co-Chair of the US Play Coalition - a partnership to promote the value of play throughout life.Additionally, she serves as Chair of the Public Lands Advisory Council to the National Environmental Education Foundation, a member of Newsweek Magazine’s Environmental Advisory Board, a Fellow of the American Academy for Park and Recreation Administration, a member of the Board of Directors for the Children and Nature Network, a member of the Board of Directors for the National Park Trust, Chair of the National Recreation and Park Foundation, and a national speaker on Nature Deficit Disorder, Play and Parks and Recreation. She was born in Willimantic, Connecticut, and received a bachelor's degree from the University of Connecticut and a master's degree from Central Connecticut State College. In 2002 she received an Honorary Doctorate in Public Service from Central Connecticut State University. Prior to her position at the National Park Service, <mask> served twelve years as Director of

masks:
Frances P
. Mainella
Mainella
Mainella


texts:
 Florida’s State Parks, which were awarded the Gold Medal Award, recognizing Florida as the best state park system in the country. In 1998 she received the Pugsley Medal "for outstanding leadership in enhancing the Florida State Park system". In addition Clemson University, and the Hartzog Fund named an award after her in 2003 in recognition of her service. The Fran P. Mainella Award is subtitled the "Outstanding Woman in Park Resources Award."Awards

In 2002, Clemson University presented her with its Walter T. Cox Award, which recognizes leadership in public service, public land administration, and natural and cultural resource policy. The American Recreation Coalition also presented her with its 2002 Sheldon Coleman Great Outdoors Award. In 2006, she was awarded the William Penn Mott, Jr. Award for Excellence by the National Society for Park Resources. From 2007 to 2010, the Clemson University Board of Trustees presented her with an award for faculty excellence. Clemson also recently named an award in her honor to encourage women to pursue conservation careers. In 2007, <mask> was presented the Pugsley Medal a second time for outstanding national leadership, the highest award given by the American Academy for Park and Recreation Administration. <mask> is one of very few that have ever received this high recognition twice.She has also been selected as the Metcalf Lecturer for SUNY- Cortland, the first ever Ralph Steele Lecturer for East Carolina University, and the Calhoun Lecturer for Clemson University. In 2011, <mask> received the outstanding alumni of the year award from the University of Connecticut Neag School of Education. Additionally, she has written many article and book publications including the introduction to National

masks: Mainella Mainella Mainella


texts:
 Geographic’s 10 Best of Everything National Parks and an acknowledgement to Richard Louv’s new book: The Nature Principle. Controversy

A January 19, 2006, report from the U.S. Department of the Interior's Office of Inspector General entitled "Report of Investigation - Allegations that the National Park Service Improperly Allowed Daniel Snyder to Cut trees on Government Land" reported that Daniel P. Smith, <mask>'s Special Assistant at the National Park Service, stated Mainella attended a Washington Redskins vs. New York Giants football game, whereupon she was asked by one of Washington Redskins owner Daniel Snyder's associates to provide assistance with cutting down trees on the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal, which is managed by the National Park Service. According to the investigation, Snyder had wanted the trees removed for years because they blocked the view from his multimillion-dollar mansion, but had been unsuccessful previously in persuading NPS to allow him to clear cut them. The report said Smith told investigators that during the game, <mask> told Snyder's associate to speak with Smith. After the game, <mask> assigned Smith the project of assisting Snyder.Smith then worked through the National Capital Regional Office of the NPS and the park's Acting Superintendent, Kevin Brandt, to pressure and push for the project's completion. The report noted Smith went so far as to meet with Snyder at Snyder's Potomac, MD mansion to hammer out details of the tree cutting. The report stated that when she was asked about her actions regarding Snyder and the trees, <mask>' said she failed to recall these meetings and conversations. However, C&O Canal NPS Acting Superintendent Kevin Brandt stated to investigators that he interacted with

masks: Mainella Mainella Mainella Mainella


texts:
 Director <mask> on multiple occasions regarding the Snyder deal and that she was the driving force behind the issue from the NPS side. The report concluded that both Smith and Brandt made false statements during the investigation and that Smith and <mask>'s contrasting accounts of what happened prolonged the investigation and unnecessarily cost the government additional time and monies. The report further noted that <mask> had apparently falsely claimed during the investigation that the first time she learned of the issue was in an article in the Washington Post, and that she failed to recall if or when she'd ever attended a Washington Redskins football game. The report concluded Snyder should not have cut the trees and the NPS violated law and policy in permitting him to do so.The report further stated the Office of Inspector General had presented their findings to the Fraud and Public Corruption Unit of the U.S. Attorney's Office for Washington, DC for criminal prosecution, but that the U.S. Attorney's Office declined to prosecute the case and the matter was referred back to NPS for administrative adjudication. Shortly thereafter, <mask> resigned as Director of the NPS. <mask>'s Special Assistant, Smith, later said in an interview that he had received a letter of reprimand in April 2006 for "overstepping his discretion" but defended his actions, claiming he did "nothing tawdry." Career

References

External links

 DOI Official Biography

 Clemson University Park & Recreation Faculty
 Mainella Joins Clemson

 Biography
 Pugsley Award
 Children & Nature Network

Living people
1947 births
Directors of the National Park Service
People from Willimantic, Connecticut
Central Connecticut State University alumni
University of

masks: Mainella Mainella Mainella Mainella Mainella


texts:
<mask> (January 12, 1956 – February 22, 2012) was an American journalist who worked as a foreign affairs correspondent for the British newspaper The Sunday Times from 1985 until her death. She died while covering the siege of Homs in Syria. After her death, Stony Brook University established the Marie Colvin Center for International Reporting in her honor. Her family also established the <mask> Memorial Fund through the Long Island Community Foundation, which strives to give donations in <mask>'s name in honor of her humanitarianism. In July 2016, lawyers representing <mask>'s family filed a civil action against the government of the Syrian Arab Republic claiming they had obtained proof that the Syrian government had directly ordered her assassination, leading to a judge finding the Syrian government guilty of her assassination in early 2019, awarding <mask>'s family $302 million in damages. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Astoria, Queens, New York, and grew up in East Norwich in the town of Oyster Bay, Nassau County, on Long Island. Her father, William J<mask>, was a Marine Corps veteran of WWII and an English teacher in New York City public schools.He was also active in Democratic politics in Nassau County. He served as Deputy County Executive under Eugene Nickerson. Her mother, Rosemarie Marron <mask>, was a high school guidance counselor in Long Island public schools. She had two brothers, William and Michael, and two sisters, Aileen and Catherine. She graduated from Oyster Bay High School in 1974, spending her junior year of high school abroad on an exchange program in Brazil and later attended Yale University. She was an anthropology major but took a course with the Pulitzer Prize-winning writer John Hersey. Colvin also started writing for the Yale Daily News "and decided to be a journalist," her mother said.She graduated with a bachelor's degree in anthropology

masks:
Marie Catherine Colvin
Marie Colvin
Marie
Colvin
Colvin
Marie Colvin
. Colvin
Colvin


texts:
 in 1978. During her time at Yale, <mask> was known for her strong personality and quickly established herself as a "noise-maker" on campus. Career
<mask> worked briefly for a labor union in New York City, before starting her journalism career with United Press International (UPI), a year after graduating from Yale. She worked for UPI first in Trenton, then New York and Washington. In 1984, <mask> was appointed Paris bureau manager for UPI, before moving to The Sunday Times in 1985. From 1986, she was the newspaper's Middle East correspondent, and then from 1995 was the Foreign Affairs correspondent. In 1986, she was the first to interview Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi after Operation El Dorado Canyon.Gaddafi said in this interview that he was at home when U.S. planes bombed Tripoli in April 1986, and that he helped rescue his wife and children while "the house was coming down around us". Gaddafi also said reconciliation between Libya and the United States was impossible so long as Ronald Reagan was in the White House. "I have nothing to say to him (Reagan)", he said, "because he is mad. He is foolish. He is an Israeli dog." In May 1988, <mask> made an extended appearance on the Channel 4 discussion programme After Dark, alongside Anton Shammas, Gerald Kaufman, Moshe Amirav, Nadia Hijab and others. Specialising in the Middle East, she also covered conflicts in Chechnya, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Zimbabwe, Sri Lanka and East Timor.In 1999 in East Timor, she was credited with saving the lives of 1,500 women and children from a compound besieged by Indonesian-backed forces. Refusing to abandon them, she stayed with a United Nations force, reporting in her newspaper and on television. They were evacuated after four days. She won the International Women's Media Foundation award for Courage in Journalism for her coverage of Kosovo and Chechnya. She wrote and produced documentaries, including

masks: Colvin Colvin Colvin Colvin


texts: Arafat: Behind the Myth for the BBC. She is featured in the 2005 documentary film Bearing Witness. <mask> lost the sight in her left eye while reporting on the Sri Lankan Civil War.She was struck by a blast from a Sri Lankan Army rocket-propelled grenade (RPG) on April 16, 2001, while crossing from a Tamil Tigers-controlled area to a Government-controlled area; thereafter she wore an eyepatch. She was attacked even after calling out "journalist, journalist!" She told Lindsey Hilsum of Channel 4 News that her attacker "knew what he was doing." Despite sustaining serious injuries, <mask>, who was 45 at the time, managed to write a 3,000 word article on time to meet the deadline. She had walked over  through the Vanni jungle with her Tamil guides to evade government troops; she reported on the humanitarian disaster in the northern Tamil region, including a government blockade of food, medical supplies and prevention of foreign journalist access to the area for six years to cover the war. <mask> later suffered post traumatic stress disorder and required hospitalisation following her injuries. She was also a witness and an intermediary during the final days of the war in Sri Lanka and reported on war crimes against Tamils that were committed during this phase.Several days after her wounding, the Sri Lankan government said it would allow foreign journalists to travel in rebel-held zones. The director of Government information, Ariya Rubasinghe, stated that: "Journalists can go, we have not debarred them, but they must be fully aware of and accept the risk to their lives." In 2011, while reporting on the Arab Spring in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya, she was offered an opportunity to interview Gaddafi again, along with two other journalists that she could nominate. For Gaddafi's first international interview since the start of the war, Colvin took along Christiane Amanpour of ABC News and

masks: Colvin Colvin Colvin


texts:
 Jeremy Bowen of BBC News. Colvin noted the importance of shining a light on "humanity in extremes, pushed to the unendurable", stating: "My job is to bear witness. I have never been interested in knowing what make of plane had just bombed a village or whether the artillery that fired at it was 120mm or 155mm." Personal life
Colvin twice married journalist Patrick Bishop; both marriages ended in divorce.She also married a Bolivian journalist, Juan Carlos Gumucio, a correspondent for the Spanish newspaper El País in Beirut during the Lebanese civil war. He took his own life in February 2002 in Bolivia,  following depression and alcoholism. <mask> lived in Hammersmith, West London. Death and legacy
In February 2012, Colvin crossed into Syria on the back of a motocross motorcycle, ignoring the Syrian government's attempts to prevent foreign journalists from entering Syria to cover the Syrian Civil War without permission. Colvin was stationed in the western Bab Amr district of the city of Homs, and made her last broadcast on the evening of February 21, appearing on the BBC, Channel 4, CNN and ITN News via satellite phone. She described "merciless" shelling and sniper attacks against civilian buildings and people on the streets of Homs by Syrian forces. Speaking to Anderson Cooper, <mask> described the bombardment of Homs as the worst conflict she had ever experienced.<mask> died on February 22, alongside photojournalist Rémi Ochlik. An autopsy conducted in Damascus by the Syrian government concluded <mask> was killed by an "improvised explosive device filled with nails." The Syrian government claims the explosive device was planted by terrorists on February 22, 2012, while fleeing an unofficial media building which was being shelled by the Syrian Army. This account was rejected by photographer Paul Conroy, who was with <mask> and Ochlik and survived the attack. Conroy recalled that

masks:
Colvin
Colvin
Colvin
Marie Colvin
Colvin


texts: <mask> and Ochlik were packing their gear when Syrian artillery fire hit their media centre. Journalist Jean-Pierre Perrin and other sources reported that the building had been targeted by the Syrian Army, identified using satellite phone signals. Their team had been planning an exit strategy a few hours prior.On the evening of February 22, 2012, people of Homs mourned in the streets in honour of <mask> and Ochlik. Tributes were paid to Colvin across the media industry and political world following her death. Colvin's personal possessions came with her. This included a backpack containing basic supplies and a 387-page manuscript by her lifelong friend, Gerald Weaver. <mask>'s sister, Cathleen 'Cat' <mask> along with Sean Ryan, then foreign editor of The Sunday Times, helped to have his book published. <mask>'s funeral took place in Oyster Bay, New York, on March 12, 2012, in a service attended by 300 mourners including those who had followed her dispatches, friends and family. She was cremated and half of her ashes were scattered off Long Island, and the other half on the River Thames, near her last home.In July 2016, <mask> filed a civil action against the government of the Syrian Arab Republic for extrajudicial killing claiming she had obtained proof that the Syrian government had directly ordered Colvin's targeted assassination. In April 2018, the accusations were revealed on court papers filed by her family. In January 2019, an American court ruled that the Syrian government was liable for <mask>'s death and ordered that they pay $300m in punitive damages. The judgement stated that Colvin was "specifically targeted because of her profession, for the purpose of silencing those reporting on the growing opposition movement in the country. [The] murder of journalists acting in their professional capacity could have a chilling effect on reporting such events worldwide. A targeted

masks:
Colvin
Colvin
Colvin
Colvin
Colvin
Cat Colvin
Colvin


texts:
 murder of an American citizen, whose courageous work was not only important, but vital to our understanding of war zones and of wars generally, is outrageous, and therefore a punitive damages award that multiples the impact on the responsible state is warranted." In 2018, a film based on <mask>'s life, A Private War, directed by Matthew Heineman, written by Arash Amel, and starring Rosamund Pike as <mask>, was released, based on the 2012 article "<mask>'s Private War" in Vanity Fair Magazine by <mask>.While being interviewed in 2021, Chris Terrio, who wrote the film Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, stated that Lois Lane's arc in the film was inspired by Colvin. Awards
 2000 – Journalist of the Year, Foreign Press Association
 2000 – Courage in Journalism, International Women's Media Foundation
 2001 – Foreign Reporter of the Year, British Press Awards
 2009 – Foreign Reporter of the Year, British Press Awards
 2012 – Anna Politkovskaya Award, Reach All Women in War (RAW in WAR)
 2012 – Foreign Reporter of the Year, British Press Awards

See also
 List of journalists killed during the Syrian civil war
 Girls of the Sun, a 2018 French film with the main protagonist inspired by <mask>
 A Private War, a 2018 American biographical film about <mask>vin
 Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act

References

Further reading

On the Front Line : The Collected Journalism of <mask>. HarperCollins Publishers, ISBN 9780007487967

External links
 mariecolvin.org

|-

1956 births
2012 deaths
American expatriates in England
American newspaper reporters and correspondents
American people with disabilities
American women war correspondents
Journalists killed while covering the Syrian civil war
People from Oyster Bay (town), New York
The Sunday Times people
Yale University alumni
Journalists killed in Syria
War correspondents of the Syrian civil war
American women journalists
Women in

masks:
Colvin
Colvin
Marie Colvin
Marie Brenner
Marie Colvin
Marie Col
Marie Colvin


texts:
<mask> (born 1 May 1959) is a French playwright, actress, novelist and screenwriter best known for her plays 'Art' and God of Carnage. Many of her brief satiric plays have reflected on contemporary middle-class issues. The 2011 black comedy film Carnage, directed by Roman Polanski, was based on <mask>'s Tony Award-winning 2006 play God of Carnage. Life and career
<mask>'s father was a Russian-born Bukharan Jewish engineer, businessman, and pianist and her mother was a Jewish Hungarian violinist from Budapest. During the Nazi occupation, her father was deported from Nice to Drancy internment camp. At the beginning of her career, <mask> acted in several new plays as well as in plays by Molière and Marivaux. In 1987, she wrote Conversations after a Burial, which won the Molière Award, the French equivalent of the Tony Award, for Best Author.The North American production premiered in February 2013 at Players by the Sea in Jacksonville Beach Florida. Holly Gutshall and Joe Schwarz directed; with Set Design by Anne Roberts. The cast for this US debut was Kevin Bodge, Paul Carelli, Karen Overstreet, Dave Gowan, Holly Gutshall and Olivia Gowan Snell. <mask> translated Roman Polanski's stage version of Kafka's Metamorphosis in the late 1980s. Her second play, Winter Crossing, won the 1990 Molière Award for Best Fringe Production, and her next play, The Unexpected Man, enjoyed successful productions in England, France, Scandinavia, Germany and New York. In 1994, 'Art' premiered in Paris and went on to win the Molière Award for Best Author. Since then it has been produced internationally and

masks:
Yasmina Reza
Reza
Reza
Reza
Reza


texts: translated and performed in over 30 languages.The London production, produced by David Pugh and Dafydd Rogers, received the 1996–97 Laurence Olivier Award and Evening Standard Award, the former is the British equivalent of the Tony's. It also won the Tony Award for Best Play. has also been produced in Europe, North America and Australia. Screenwriting credits include See You Tomorrow, starring Jeanne Moreau and directed by <mask>'s then-partner Didier Martiny. In September 1997, her first novel, Hammerklavier, was published and another work of fiction, Une Désolation, was published in 2001. Her 2007 work L'Aube le Soir ou la Nuit (Dawn Evening or Night), written after a year of following the campaign of Nicolas Sarkozy caused a sensation in France. On 24 November 2007, her play Le Dieu du Carnage (God of Carnage), directed by Jürgen Gosch and performed first in Zürich, received the Viennese Nestroy Theatre Prize for the best German-language performance of the season.It opened in London in March 2008, directed by Matthew Warchus in a translation by Christopher Hampton starring Ralph Fiennes, Tamsin Greig, Janet McTeer and Ken Stott. It was produced once again by David Pugh and Dafydd Rogers. The London production won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Comedy, which Hampton accepted on her behalf. Hampton told the audience that <mask> would be thrilled by the win. The play premiered on Broadway with an opening night cast of James Gandolfini, Jeff Daniels, Marcia Gay Harden, and Hope Davis. God of Carnage won Best Play at the 2009 Tony Awards. In collaboration with Polanski, <mask>

masks: Reza Reza Reza


texts:
 wrote the screenplay adaptation of her own play God of Carnage for the 2011 Polanski film Carnage.She was nominated at the European Film Awards and won a César Award for her screenwriting and the film won a Little Gold Lion at the 68th Venice International Film Festival. Her 2016 novel, Babylone, received the Prix Renaudot. The English version, translated by Linda Asher, was published by Seven Stories Press in 2018. Awards and honors

1987 Molière Award for Best Author (Conversations After a Burial)
1988 Molière Award for Translation (Metamorphosis)
1990 Molière Award for Best Fringe Production (Winter Crossing)
1994 Molière Award for Best Author, Best Play and Best Production (Art)
1998 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Comedy (Art)
1998 Tony for Best Play (Art)
2000
2005 Welt-Literaturpreis
2009 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Comedy (God of Carnage)
2009 Tony for Best Play (God of Carnage)
2012 Cinema Writers Circle Award (Spain) for Best Screenplay (Adapted), for Carnage
2012 César Award (France) for Best Screenplay (Adapted), for Carnage
2016 Prix Renaudot, Babylone

Works

Plays
Conversations après un enterrement (1987). Conversations After a Burial, trans. Christopher Hampton (2000). La Traversée de l'hiver (1989).The Passage of Winter. « Art » (1994). 'Art''', trans. Christopher Hampton (1997).L'Homme du hasard (1995). The Unexpected Man, trans. Christopher Hampton (1997).Trois versions de la vie (2000). Life x 3, trans.Christopher Hampton (2003).Une pièce espagnole (2004). A Spanish Play.Le Dieu du Carnage (2006). God of Carnage, trans. Christopher Hampton (2007).Bella figura


texts:
 (2015). NovelsHammerklavier (1997).Une désolation (1999). Desolation, trans. Carol Brown Janeway (2002).Adam Haberberg (2003).Nulle part (2005).Dans la luge d'Arthur Schopenhauer (2005).On Arthur Schopenhauer's Sledge.L'Aube le soir ou la nuit (2007). Dawn Dusk or Night: My Year With Nicolas Sarkozy, trans. Carol Brown Janeway (2008).Heureux les heureux (2013). Happy Are the Happy, trans. John Cullen (2015).Babylone (2016). Babylon, trans. Linda Asher (2018).Anne-Marie la Beauté (2020).Anne-Marie the Beauty, trans. Linda Asher (2021).Serge (2021)

ScreenplaysJusqu'à la nuit (1983). Till Night.Le Pique-nique de Lulu Kreutz (2000). Lulu Kreutz's Picnic.Chicas (2010). Both screenwriter and director.Carnage (2011). As actorQue les gros salaires lèvent le doigt ! (1982).Let the Fat Cats Lift a Finger!Jusqu'à la nuit (1983). Till Night.À demain (1991). Till Tomorrow.Loin (2001). Faraway. Further reading

 Les fruits de la passion: le théâtre de Yasmina <mask>, by Hélène Jaccomard (Bern: <mask> <mask>: Please stop laughing at me, by Agnes Poirier: Independent on Sunday'', 16 March 2008
 The Plays of <mask> <mask> on the English and American Stage (by Amanda Giguere)

1959 births
Living people
Actresses from Paris
20th-century French Jews
French women novelists
French translators
French stage actresses
Jewish dramatists and playwrights
Knights of the National Order of Merit (France)
French people of Hungarian-Jewish descent
Bukharan Jews
French women dramatists and playwrights
French film actresses
L'École Internationale de Théâtre Jacques Lecoq alumni
University of Paris alumni
Prix

masks:
Reza
Peter LangYasmina
Reza
Yasmina
Reza


texts:
<mask> (born September 30, 1991) is an American football offensive tackle for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Colorado, and was drafted by the Packers in the fourth round of the 2013 NFL Draft. Early years
<mask> was born in San Mateo, California. His older brother Eric Bakhtiari went on to play defensive end at the University of San Diego and for the Tennessee Titans. His father, <mask>, runs a real estate business in California. He is of Iranian and Icelandic descent. He attended Junípero Serra High School in San Mateo, California, where he lettered two years in football and lacrosse, being named a team captain during his second year.The most memorable game of his high school career in football came against Sacred Heart Cathedral Preparatory, in which he held future USC Trojan Kevin Greene to no sacks and only allowed two tackles. In another game later in the season he had at least eight pancake blocks. He was named Honorable Mention All-West Catholic Athletic League, All-Metro (Bay Area), and All-San Mateo County as a senior when he helped lead his team to a 6–1 league record, winning the 2008 WCAL Co-Championship with Bellarmine College Preparatory, and made it to the CIF-CCS Open Division Semi-finals, where they lost to the eventual champion Bellarmine Bells. He was also listed in the Bay Area News Group as number eight out of 25 players from northern California on their 2008 Cream of the Crop team. Coming out of high school, Bakhtiari was six-feet-four-inches tall and weighed 266 pounds and was ranked only as a two-star prospect by Rivals.com. In a 2009 interview Bakhtiari commented: "People come up to me and go, 'Oh, you're only a two-star'. But I don't really care what my ranking is.All that matters is how you do when you put on the pads." He received interest from several schools, receiving offers and visiting Colorado, Utah, UTEP, and Washington before signing his letter of intent with Colorado. College career
<mask> decided to play for the University

masks:
David Afrasiab Assad Bakhtiari
Bakhtiari
Karl Bakhtiari
Bakhtiari


texts: of Colorado, and majored in Communications while playing for the Colorado Buffaloes football team from 2009 to 2012. He redshirted as a true freshman in 2009. During his first year on the field for the Buffaloes, he played in all twelve games, starting eleven. The one game he did not start was against Texas Tech, but he still was on the field for 24 snaps. He played the third-most snaps on the offense behind future New England Patriots and New York Giants offensive lineman Nate Solder and future Denver Broncos offensive lineman Ryan Miller with 796.Bakhtiari had 59 knockdown blocks which was fourth on the team, his highest number coming against Iowa State. He allowed one quarterback sack and seven pressures and was flagged for six penalties. During the game against Kansas that year he recovered an offensive fumble and returned it seven yards. For his efforts, he was named as an honorable mention for Freshman All-American honors by collegefootballnews.com. He was also a member of the All-Big 12-second-team for Academics. Bakhtiari began his redshirt sophomore campaign by suffering a severe injury to his knee in the season opener against Hawai’i on the seventh play of the game. He missed the next two games against California and LSU.Regardless, he still started the remaining games (11 total). He allowed two sacks on the year and was flagged once the entire season. At the end of the year, he was named as a member to the All-Pac-12-second team by the league's coaches and Phil Steele. Before his final season started, <mask> was named to the preseason first-team All-Pac-12 squad. He started eleven games at left tackle, missing the game against Oregon with a knee sprain after attempting to play in the pre-game. He totaled 41 pancake blocks, and allowed 2.5 quarterback sacks and one pressure. His efforts gained him a spot on the watchlist for the Outland Trophy, and the Rotary Lombardi Award.Additionally, he earned second-team honors by the league coaches for the second year in a row. On January 8, 2013, <mask> announced that

masks: Bakhtiari Bakhtiari


texts:
 he had opted to forgo his senior season at Colorado and declare for the 2013 NFL Draft. He added that his declaration for the draft had nothing to do with Colorado's 1–11 season the year before and subsequent firing of head coach Jon Embree. Mike Macintyre, the new head coach of Colorado, said that the team would have loved to have him but would fully support him in his endeavors. Professional career
After declaring for the NFL Draft, <mask> has stated he received a second or third round evaluation from NFL Draft Advisory Board. The Green Bay Packers selected <mask> in the fourth round, (109th overall) of the 2013 NFL Draft. He was the ninth offensive tackle drafted and the first of two the Green Bay Packers drafted ahead of fourth round pick J. C. Tretter (122nd overall).During the Packers' 'Family Night' inter squad scrimmage later in training camp, starting left tackle Bryan Bulaga succumbed to a torn ACL injury. Due to the injury and <mask>'s play during training camp, he was inserted as the starting left tackle in the Packers first preseason game against the Arizona Cardinals at Lambeau Field. Though they lost, it was later noted that one of the positives to take away was the steady play of the rookies. He later went on to start every game at left tackle for the Packers, becoming the first rookie to do so in Green Bay since the start of the 16-game schedule employed by the NFL since 1978 and the only NFL rookie to start every game that season at left tackle in 2013. He was a key contributor to Green Bay finishing seventh in the league for rushing (blocking for rookie running back Eddie Lacy) and sixth in passing for the first time since 2004. Following his rookie season, <mask> worked significantly on his strength and continued to fight for his job at left tackle, prompting the Packers to move Bryan Bulaga to right tackle and have Bakhtiari at left. Later in the current Packers season, he was placed on the injury report for the game against the Miami Dolphins due to a back injury.He played in all 16 games of his

masks: Bakhtiari Bakhtiari Bakhtiari Bakhtiari


texts:
 sophomore season as well as the 2 playoff games. On September 13, 2016, the Green Bay Packers signed Bakhtiari to a four-year, $48 million contract extension that includes $16.7 million guaranteed and a $15 million signing bonus. On November 15, 2020, the Packers signed Bakhtiari to a four-year, $105.5 million contract extension that would make him the highest-paid offensive lineman in NFL history. On December 21, 2020, he was selected for the 2021 Pro Bowl. On December 31, 2020, Bakhtiari tore his ACL in practice and was ruled out for the remainder of the season. He was placed on injured reserve two days later. On January 8, 2021, he made the 2020 All-Pro Team first team.Bakhtiari was placed on the reserve/PUP list to start the 2021 season. He was activated on November 10, 2021. Personal life
<mask> resides in Burlingame, California. While in high school, he created the Fund a Dream Scholarship, and also signed autographs at the Jerry Parins Cruise for Cancer in exchange for donations benefiting cancer research. He also visited homeless shelters and nursing homes while attending the University of Colorado. On July 2, 2020, <mask> proposed to his girlfriend Frankie Shebby who he has been dating since October 2017. Bakhtiari introduced the Packers to the board game Settlers of Catan which soon became a team favorite.He was also responsible for a group of Packers players appearing in Pitch Perfect 2, when he reached out to director Elizabeth Banks on Twitter. References

External links

Green Bay Packers bio
Colorado Buffaloes bio

1991 births
Living people
American people of Iranian descent
American people of Icelandic descent
People from San Mateo, California
Colorado Buffaloes football players
American football offensive tackles
Green Bay Packers players
Players of American football from California
People from Burlingame, California
National Conference Pro Bowl players
Sportspeople from the San Francisco Bay Area
Sportspeople of Iranian descent
Junípero Serra High School (San Mateo, California) alumni
Bakhtiari


texts: <mask> (born 10 October 1976) is an English footballer who plays as a striker for Cymru South side Ammanford. He also works as the club ambassador and youth team coach for Championship side Swansea City. Trundle's career began in the English non-league system, where he played for Burscough, Chorley, Stalybridge Celtic, Southport and Bamber Bridge, before signing for Welsh Premier League side Rhyl. He managed to net 15 goals in 18 matches for Rhyl, and his performances earned him a move to Football League side Wrexham in 2001. <mask> made a name for himself in professional football during a four-year spell for Swansea City, where he scored 78 goals in 146 appearances between 2003 and 2007. In July 2007, he left Swansea and signed with Bristol City, though he only scored 8 times in 3 seasons and was loaned out to both Leeds United and back to Swansea. In 2010, following his release from Bristol City, Trundle returned to the top tier of Welsh football and signed for Neath.He spent two years with the club, scoring 26 goals in 59 matches, but found himself a free agent once more when Neath were liquidated in 2012. In a surprise move, <mask> rejoined the Football League in the summer of 2012 at the age of 35, signing for League One side Preston North End. However, a lengthy injury saw him lose out on a first team position, and he left Preston in February 2013 through a mutual termination of his contract. Stints with non-league clubs Chester and Marine followed before <mask> retired from football at the age of 36. However, in August 2016, he came out of retirement to sign for Welsh Division Two club Llanelli Town, scoring 86 goals in

masks:
Lee Christopher Trundle
Trundle
Trundle
Trundle


texts:
 59 appearances during back-to-back promotions. In May 2018, <mask> signed for Welsh Division One side Haverfordwest County on a week-by-week basis. Early life
Born in Liverpool, Merseyside, Trundle attended St Edmund of Canterbury Catholic High School in Huyton.Playing career

Early career
Trundle was a late entrant into professional and league football, playing for non-league teams Burscough, Stalybridge Celtic, Southport, Bamber Bridge and Chorley before joining Welsh Premier League club Rhyl in 2000. Wrexham
Within six months, he had been snapped up by Brian Flynn to play for Wrexham where he played 78 matches (plus a further 24 as substitute) in all competitions and scored 30 goals in a little over two years. A goalscoring account which was started by a bicycle kick to start a second half comeback from 2–0 which culminated in a 3–2 victory for Wrexham against Walsall on 24 February 2001. Swansea City
In the summer of 2003, <mask> received a free transfer and moved south to link up with Flynn who had now become manager of Swansea City. He instantly became a North Bank favourite with his goalscoring exploits and extraordinary tricks, scoring on his debut at the Vetch against Bury, and netting his first hat-trick for the club in the following match at Cheltenham, becoming the last of the three Swansea players who scored hat-tricks in three consecutive league matches, the only time this has happened for the club. <mask> scored 78 goals in 146 appearances for Swansea, making it by far the most prolific period of his career. In his time at Swansea, <mask> became a minor celebrity in the match, with his extrovert displays of skill

masks: Trundle Trundle Trundle Trundle


texts:
 (or "showboating") bringing him to national attention via the Soccer AM television show on Sky Sports.Tim Lovejoy revealed in his autobiography that <mask> himself regularly contacted the show with footage of himself in action. In October 2005, he was the subject of a £750,000 transfer bid by Sheffield Wednesday which Swansea rejected. Days later, he signed an image rights contract with his club which offered a portion of revenues from merchandise featuring his image. He was believed to be the first player outside the Premier League to do so. Bristol City
Despite the best efforts of Swansea City, <mask> agreed to sign for Bristol City on 27 July 2007, although the deal was not officially completed until 30 July due to an administrative error. He was given permission by Swansea and the Welsh FA to play in Bristol City's pre-season friendly against Yeovil Town before he officially completed the deal, scoring and providing an assist in a 2–2 draw at Ashton Gate. It is believed Bristol City made four offers for the striker.Their final offer of £1,000,000 was accepted after Trundle handed in a transfer request. <mask> scored his first goals, a brace, for Bristol City against Scunthorpe on 25 August 2007. Leeds United
Trundle joined Leeds United on a one-month loan on 9 January 2009 and was allocated the number 35 shirt. Former Swansea teammate Andy Robinson played a big part in recommending Leeds to Trundle. He made his debut for Leeds as a second-half substitute in the 2–0 loss to Carlisle United at Elland Road. He scored his only goal for the club on his first starting appearance, in a 2–0 win at Brighton on 17 January. Leeds

masks: Trundle Trundle Trundle


texts:
 extended <mask>'s stay at Elland Road for a further month, but his loan expired on 10 March 2009 and he returned to Bristol City.Return to Swansea

On 27 August 2009, <mask> joined his former club Swansea City on loan until 1 January 2010 and this was later extended till the end of the season. Trundle played 20 league games and scored five goals in just two starts. Since Trundle rejoined Swansea, he failed to play a full 90 minutes. <mask> made no secret that he wanted to earn a permanent deal and wanted to end his career at Swansea City. He was not offered a playing contract by the club but was offered a coaching role. <mask> subsequently refused the role. Neath
In July 2010, <mask> returned to the Welsh Premier League with Neath, making his debut for the club on the opening day of the 2010–11 season in a 2–1 defeat to Bangor City.Neath were wound up at the end of the 2011–12 season due to ongoing financial problems, leaving Trundle without a club. Preston North End
On 20 July 2012, <mask> signed a one-year deal with Preston North End. Trundle had impressed on trial at Deepdale after being invited to join up with the club for pre-season training. The 35-year-old featured for North End in their pre-season friendlies against Southport and Chorley and scored a superb solo goal in the draw against Chorley. However, shortly after signing for the Lilywhites, it was announced he had suffered a knee injury which manager Graham Westley believed would keep Trundle out for around 4 months. On 1 December, he appeared on the bench for a Second Round FA Cup tie at home against Gillingham, and he came off the bench in injury time during the

masks: Trundle Trundle Trundle Trundle Trundle Trundle


texts:
 2–0 win for the Lilywhites. He left Preston on 8 February through a mutual termination of his contract.Chester
It was announced on 18 February 2013 that the 36-year-old signed for Conference North side Chester until the end of the 2012–2013 season. Marine
On 28 March 2013, Northern Premier League side Marine confirmed that they had completed the signing of Trundle for an undisclosed fee. On 30 March 2013 he scored on his debut on against Nantwich Town. <mask> left Marine and retired from competitive football at the end of the season. Llanelli Town
On 21 August 2016, <mask> came out of retirement to sign for Welsh Football League Division Two club Llanelli Town. On 27 August 2016, he scored a hat-trick on his debut in a 3–2 win against Aberdare Town. This was the first of nine hat-tricks across the season in all competitions for the veteran striker, as Llanelli went on to lift both the Division Two title and the Welsh Football League Challenge Cup.<mask> continued his impressive form in his second season at the club, scoring 33 goals in 28 appearances across all competitions as Llanelli won the Division One title by 15 points. However, the team missed out on a 'double-double' by losing 2–1 to third-tier Trefelin BGC in the final of the Welsh Football League Challenge Cup. Following Llanelli's promotion to the Welsh Premier League, <mask> announced on Twitter that he would be leaving the club as his work commitments as club ambassador for Swansea City would prevent him from travelling to away games further afield. Haverfordwest County
On 29 May 2018, Welsh Division One side Haverfordwest County announced that <mask> had agreed to

masks: Trundle Trundle Trundle Trundle Trundle


texts:
 join them for the 2018–19 season. He made his debut for the club on 18 August 2018, scoring four goals in a 10–1 home win over Pontypridd Town. <mask> left the club in December 2018 due to work commitments, having scored 12 goals before his departure. Trefelin BGC
In December 2018, <mask> signed for Welsh Division Three side Trefelin BGC.<mask> had previously represented Trefelin's veterans' team. He scored on his debut against Trethomas Bluebirds. Ammanford
In June 2019 he joined Ammanford. Coaching career
On 25 June 2013, it was confirmed that <mask> was to return to Swansea City, to take on the role as the first official club ambassador and a coach for the 9- to 19-year-olds. Career statistics
Source:

Honours

Club

Wrexham
FAW Premier Cup: 2000–01, 2002–03

Swansea City
Football League Trophy: 2005–06
FAW Premier Cup: 2004–05, 2005–06

Llanelli Town
Welsh Football League Division One: 2017–18
Welsh Football League Division Two: 2016–17
Welsh Football League Challenge Cup: 2016–17

Personal life
<mask> has been an Everton fan since he was a child. In March 2007, Trundle moved in with pop singer and Atomic Kitten star Liz McClarnon. The couple split in November 2007.<mask> also performed 'Let it Snow' for Preston's 2012 Christmas light switch on, before turning on the lights alongside singers, Matt Cardle and Russell Watson. References

External links

Welsh Premier profile

1976 births
Living people
People from Huyton
Footballers from Liverpool
Association football forwards
English footballers
Burscough F.C. players
Chorley F.C. players
Stalybridge Celtic F.C. players
Southport F.C. players
Bamber Bridge F.C. players
Rhyl


texts:
 F.C.players
Wrexham A.F.C. players
Swansea City A.F.C. players
Bristol City F.C. players
Leeds United F.C. players
Neath F.C. players
Preston North End F.C. players
Chester F.C.players
Marine F.C. players
Llanelli Town A.F.C. players
Cymru Premier players
English Football League players
English people of Irish descent
Haverfordwest County A.F.C. players
Swansea City A.F.C. non-playing staff
Association football


texts:
Amelia "<mask>" <mask> (born 1961 in Milan) is a cultural producer, art curator and writer based in Los Angeles. <mask> studied art history at the University La Sapienza in Rome, with a focus on the Venetian Renaissance. She came of age in the late seventies when Italy was experiencing a renaissance of creativity and was considered a laboratory of new ideas and talents. During this time <mask> was immersed in circles of artists, musicians and writers. She was especially close to the group of writers and cartoonists involved with the publication of several independent magazines, including Il Male, Cannibale, and Frigidaire – as well as "off theater" avant-garde experiences like the circle of the Beat 72 . In these early years <mask> met the well known cultural attaché for the city of Rome, Renato Nicolini. His ideas of bringing culture in to the streets trespassing boundaries of high and low that culminated with the Estate Romana (Roman Summer), became influential for her later activity as cultural producer.Early career

In the late 1980s, after few years working in advertising, Fontana became increasingly active and involved in contemporary art as an independent curator for galleries and public institutions. With Laura Ruggeri and Gianni Romano she initiated the first archive of women artists working in Italy, which is now housed at DOCVA (Documentation Centre for Visual Arts) in Milan. In 1991 she organized "An English View" at the British Academy in Rome, the first show in Italy of YBA (Young British Art). Emi Fontana Gallery, Milan

In 1992, <mask> opened the Emi Fontana Gallery in Milan, where she worked with artists such as Adrian

masks: Emi Fontana Fontana Fontana Fontana Fontana


texts:
 Piper, Alessandra Spranzi, Arpiani & Pagliarini, Cosima von Bonin, Diana Thater, Gillian Wearing, John Waters, Ketty La Rocca, Liam Gillick, Liliana Moro, Lovett & Codagnone, Luca Buvoli, Luca Vitone, Mark Dion, Michael Smith, Mike Kelley, Monica Bonvicini, Olafur Eliasson, Renée Green, Rirkrit Tiravanija and Sam Durant. The gallery officially closed in 2009. Curatorial activities and productions

In 2002 Fontana organized a small exhibition for conceptual artist Ketty La Rocca (Italian, 1938-1976) at the Italian Cultural Institute of Los Angeles. Three years later in 2005 Fontana initiated a series of nomadic art projects under the name "West of Rome".The organization focused on finding alternative strategies of exhibition for contemporary art. The first project was Olafur Eliasson's "Meant to be lived in (Today I’m feeling prismatic)", at the Jamie Residence, Pasadena, CA. In 2006 Fontana brought the work of Italian artist Monica Bonvicini to a vacant, store front in Pasadena for "Not For You". 2007 Fontana curated "relay", which was a collaborative work of T. Kelly Mason and Diana Thater, held in a former bridal salon in Westwood, CA. Also in Westwood in 2007,  Fontana presented works of Liliana Moro featuring a group of cast-bronze sculptures of attacking dogs, and framed embroidered depictions of domestic cats at the Italian Cultural Institute. West of Rome Public Art
By 2008 Fontana took steps towards setting up a non-profit art initiative with support of the Pasadena Arts Council until eventually gaining status as a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization and becoming "West of Rome Public Art". In 2008 Fontana curated the group show


texts:
 “Women in the City”, where works by Cindy Sherman, Barbara Kruger, Jenny Holzer and Louise Lawler were disseminated in more than 300 locations across greater Los Angeles.as best public art project of the year by American's for the arts. In 2009 she curated and produced with Mike Kelley, and Michael Smith "A Voyage of Growth and Discovery” a multichannel video and sculptural installation by Kelley and Smith. 2010 a later incarnation of "Women in the City" would include artists Marnie Weber and Jennifer Bolande, In 2011, Fontana organised "Trespass Parade" as part of Getty's "Pacific Standard Time" with Rirkrit Tiravanija and Arto Lindsay, a project that involved more than 200 artists and over 2000 participants, who took over the streets of downtown Los Angeles in street theatre and performance. Recent projects
More recently, Fontana curated a series of new performances for the J. Paul Getty's "Pacific Standard Time Performance Festival" and West of Rome, with Vaginal Davis and Andrea Fraser; Andrea Fraser’s "Men on the Line," has been since then presented in prominent art institutions, from MoMA to the Ludwig Museum in Cologne, as well as becoming the object of major academic discussions on the issue of performance, feminism and so called post-feminism. Also the work of artist Suzanne Lacy "Three Weeks in January" curated by <mask> <mask> in collaboration with John Tain as part of the J. Paul Getty's "Pacific Standard Time Performance Festival

In May 2013 <mask> Fontana and Andrea Lissoni curated the exhibition, Mike Kelley, "Eternity is a Long Time". for the Hangar Bicocca and Pirelli Foundation in Milan. Also in the summer of 2013 <mask>

masks: Emi Fontana Emi Fontana


texts:
 curated the show of another Los Angeles based artist.Stanya Kahn's, "Downer (but your ass looks huge from down here)" at Pigna Project Space in Rome, Italy from May 25 -June 25, 2013. Writing

Fontana occasionally publishes her writings on Flash Art International, Rolling Stone (Italian edition) and Mousse. Ketty La Rocca, You – Works and Writings 1964-1976, Revolver Publishing, 2018
 Liliana Moro, UNDERDOG, La Galleria Nazionale, 2018
 Io, Luca Vitone, Padiglione d’Arte Contemporanea, 2017
 Chris Burden, Flash Art, 2017
 Photographer of a Revolution, The Girl with the Camera: The Photography of Leni Sinclair, Detroit Research, On Dance, Volume Two, 2016
 Mike Kelley (1954-2012): Ten Tributes, Frieze, April 2012
 Mike Kelley: Memory Ware, Wood Grain, Carpet, JRP Ringier / Galleria Emi Fontana, 2005
 Mark Dion, Archaeology, Black Dog Publishing, 1999

Yoga
Fontana is an active Yoga teacher in Los Angeles and Pasadena, California. She began her Yoga training in 2010 shortly after moving to Los Angeles. Over the years Fontana has studied and trained with Pandit Rajmani Tigunait, Erich Shiffmann, Jeanne Heileman, Leslie Kaminoff, Larry Payne, Maty Ezraty, Rod Stryker, Paul Cabanis, Kofi Busia, Manuso Manos, and Carrie Owerko. References

External links
Huffington Post article by Max Padilla, "<mask> <mask>: Why an Italian Is Producing Great Public art in L.A."
 Interview With West of Rome Public Art's <mask> <mask>
Global Feminisms: New Directions in Contemporary Art Hardcover by Maura Reilly
The Beat and the Buzz: Inside the L.A. Art World By Richard Hertz
West Of Rome Public Art

Living people
Italian art curators
Italian art dealers
1961


texts:
<mask>Hal<mask> (October 11, 1863 – December 12, 1942) was an American lawyer, academic, and public official. He was president of Williams College and supervised the United States Fuel Administration during World War I. He was a son of President James A<mask>. Early life
<mask> was born on October 11, 1863, in Hiram, Ohio to future President (then General in the Union Army) James A<mask> and First Lady <mask>. His mother named him in May 1864 after two of <mask>'s friends. His father called him "little Chickamauga" because he was born shortly after the Battle of Chickamauga. He went by the nickname of "Hal".<mask> attended public school, a private academy and was tutored at home. In 1879, he was sent to St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire, but at the beginning of his final year he moved to Washington, D.C. to be taught by a private tutor at the White House. At the age of 17 he and his 15-year-old brother James Rudolph <mask> watched in horror as their father was shot down by assassin Charles Guiteau. <mask> graduated from Williams College in 1885 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. At Williams, he was a member of Alpha Delta Phi. He went on to study law at Columbia Law School, spending his second year reading law at All Soul's College in Oxford and the Inns Court in London. Career
<mask> taught Roman history and Latin for a year at St. Paul's School after graduating Williams.From 1888 to 1895, he practiced law with his brother James in Cleveland with the firm Garfield, Garfield & Howe. He was professor of contracts at Western Reserve Law School from 1891 to 1897. In 1893, <mask> became a charter member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and in 1896 helped to organize and served as first president of the Cleveland Municipal Association.

masks:
Harry Augustus "
" Garfield
. Garfield
Harry Augustus Garfield
. Garfield
Lucretia Garfield
James Garfield
Garfield
Garfield
Garfield
Garfield
Garfield


texts:
 He also served as president of the Chamber of Commerce from 1898 to 1899. From 1900 to 1906, <mask> managed a syndicate for railroad companies in Ohio. He was professor of politics at Princeton University from 1903 to 1908. While at Princeton, he befriended future president Woodrow Wilson.In 1908, <mask> became a law professor and eighth president of his alma mater, Williams College in Massachusetts. World War I
Herbert Hoover, then head of the U.S. Food Administration, called <mask> to become chairman of the price-fixing committee of the Food Administration. He also served on the price-fixing committee of the War Industries Board. In August 1917, President Woodrow Wilson asked him to run the nation's United States Fuel Administration during World War I, and he took a leave of absence from his duties as president of Williams. <mask>'s duty was to conserve the coal supply and keep the price within reasonable bounds. Local committees were appointed throughout the country to study local conditions and their reports formed the basis for the prices fixed in different localities. The ensuing winter was unusually severe, and serious shortage of coal threatened.Because of the shortage of coal in the northeastern United States, especially in New York City and Ohio, <mask>'s administration of the office was severely criticized in the press, but an investigation by the United States Congress showed that the shortage was due to failure of the railroads to meet the extra demands upon them, and federal control of the roads was instituted on December 28, 1917. <mask> also issued his "idle Mondays" order in January 1918, which closed non-essential industries for five consecutive days beginning January 18 and on every Monday thereafter up to March 25. This

masks: Garfield Garfield Garfield Garfield Garfield Garfield


texts:
 roused a storm of protest from many manufacturers, and the U.S. Senate voted a resolution, requesting postponement, but this reached him after the order had been signed. On February 14, however, the order was suspended and priority for certain shipments substituted. He disapproved of the method of settling the coal strike in December 1919 and resigned his office, resuming that of president of Williams College. Later career
After the war, <mask> returned to serve as president of Williams College. During his tenure, he helped establish the Institute of Politics at Williams.He served as president until his retirement in June 1934. He was president of the American Political Science Association from 1921 to 1922. In 1935, he studied international problems while living in Washington, D.C. In 1941, he accepted an appointment to the War Department Defense Board, a board focused on studying applications of the Excess Profits Law during World War II. Personal life
<mask> married his second cousin, Belle Hartford Mason, on June 14, 1888. They had a double wedding with <mask>'s sister Mollie and Joseph Stanley Brown. <mask> and his wife had four children with her: James, Mason, Lucretia and Stanton.After his retirement in 1934, he took a one-year trip around the world with his wife. After his return in 1935, he moved to Washington, D.C. He was a hereditary companion of the Ohio Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States by right of his father's service as a major general in Union Army during the American Civil War. Death
<mask> died on December 12, 1942, at his home in Williamstown, Massachusetts. He was buried in the faculty cemetery at Williams College. Awards
For his service as Fuel Administrator, <mask> was awarded the


texts:
 Distinguished Service Medal in 1921 by the Secretary of War Newton D. Baker. <mask> was a recipient of honorary degrees from Dartmouth College, Princeton University, Amherst College, Wesleyan University, the College of William and Mary and Whitman College.Works
America's coal problem in 1918. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1918. The fuel situation at the beginning of winter 1918–19, Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1918.Recent political developments, progress or change? 1924. Lost visions, Boston: Priv. Print. by Thomas Todd Co. 1944. Notes

References
 Comer, Lucretia <mask>, <mask>'s first forty years; man of action in a troubled world. New York, Vantage Press, 1965,
 Doug Wead, All the President's Children:  Triumph and Tragedy in the Lives of America's First Families, Atria Books, New York, 2003,

External links

 <mask> <mask> papers at Williams College Archives & Special Collections

1863 births
1942 deaths
People from Hiram, Ohio
Children of presidents of the United States
<mask> family
Williams College alumni
Columbia Law School alumni
Case Western Reserve University faculty
Princeton University faculty
Presidents of Williams College
United States Department of War officials
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Civilian recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United

masks:
Garfield
Garfield
Harry Garfield
Harry Augustus
Garfield
Garfield


texts:
<mask> (born 1966) is a Ukrainian and Bulgarian visual artist. He graduated from the Grekov Odessa Art school, Odessa, Ukraine, and then from the National Academy of Arts, Sofia, Bulgaria. He currently lives and works in Sofia. <mask> is one of the Bulgarian artists working predominantly in watercolour. He organically combines the natural fluidity of watercolour with the power of sharp lines, creating amazingly vivid and emotional works. His paintings harmonize visions of childhood with his philosophy. The conciseness of his medium highlights the depth and expressiveness of his watercolours in the heritage of Zen philosophy.Telalim also works as a calligrapher and book illustrator. He is a member of the Union of Bulgarian Artists and has had more than 60 solo exhibitions in Europe, USA and Japan. <mask>m's artworks can be found in numerous private collections in Europe and US, as well as public collections of the City Gallery of Izmail (Ukraine), the Municipality of Saint Louis (France), the Bulgarian Consulate in New York City (US), the Municipality of Weimar (Germany) and the Ukrainian Consulate in Sofia (Bulgaria). Career

2009   "Watercolor Dreamscapes" workshop, Illinois Institute of Art-Chicago, IL
2004-07   Design line for the FPI hotels, Sofia and Varna, Bulgaria
2004   International watercolor workshop, Nova Zagora, Bulgaria
2003   Mural "The Magic Theater", The National Academy of Theater and Film, Sofia
2002   International ceramic workshop, Troyan, Bulgaria

Selected group exhibitions

2013 "Summer Fusion", Collection Red showcases the

masks:
Alexander Telalim
Alexander Telalim
Alexander Telali


texts:
 talents of artists from the former Soviet Union, Kensington, London
2011 "The FIRST FLIGHT" exhibition by contemporary Bulgarian artists, Sofia Gallery, London
         "TRADITIONS AND INSPIRATIONS FROM THE EAST" - calligraphy of A. Telalim, bonsai and ikebana, Mission Gallery of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Sofia. December 3-26, 2010. Ukrainian TV
 The "Watercolors" by <mask>m in UNM. Ukrainian TV
 Художникът Александър Телалим - между портрета и пейзажа (Painter <mask>m: Between portrait and landscape).(National Bulgarian TV SKAT, on Bulgarian)
 Матеус Пасион - разкаяние, изкупление, единение... (Matthew Passion - remorse, redemption, unity) (National Bulgarian TV SKAT, on Bulgarian)
 Exhibition "Aqua Incognita" by famous watercolourist <mask>m. The exhibition will also present P.Chakir, A.Kraynyukov, M.Gataulina, I.Shishman (shooting IzmailTV, Ukraine)
 Watercolours of <mask>m from Bulgarian TV+ (On Bulgarian)
 "Срещи с вас" и "Радиоавтограф" (interview on Bulgarian National Radio, on Bulgarian)
 "Van Gogh vs. madness" - <mask>m in dialogue with great artics (interview on Bulgarian National Radio, on Bulgarian)

 Bulgarian Art at the Ukrainian Museum in Chicago (on Bulgarian)
 EXHIBITION OF ALEXANDER Telalim in Ukrainian NATIONAL MUSEUM OF CHICAGO (on Bulgarian)
 Water-Colour by Art Exhibit by Artist <mask>m (Chicago Art Galleries), USA
 AlphaArt Gallery (New Brunswick, NJ, USA)
 Noe Gallery (Bulgaria)
 Tea Alba Gallery (Bulgaria)
 Masters of Watercolor. Saint Petersburg, 20-31 January, 2015
 ArtNow Gallery (Russia)
 Щастлив съм, когато

masks:
Alexander Telali
Alexander Telali
Alexander Telali
Alexander Telali
Alexander Telali
Alexander Telali


texts:
 подарявам красота и радост (interview on Information Agency Focus-News, Bulgaria) (Bulgarian)
 Interview of Vanya Koleva on Publishing House LITERNET, Bulgaria (Bulgarian)
 Paintings
  (Russian)
  (Russian)
  (Russian)
 ] (Russian)
 Izmail will come well-known artist (Russian)
 <mask> Telalim and Krasimir Raikov gathered 50 art connoisseurs in Dupnitsa "Jamia" with his exhibition "Flowers and bells" family. (Bulgarian)
 <mask> Telalim present 42 works (Bulgarian)
 The beauty of simple things (Bulgarian)

References

 Masters of Watercolor. Exhibition participants catalogue "Masters of Watercolor. 2015" Saint Petersburg, 20–31 January 2015

1966 births
Artist authors
Bulgarian painters
Bulgarian watercolor painters
Living people
Ukrainian watercolourists
Ukrainian emigrants to

masks: Alexander Alexander


texts:
<mask> (May 26, 1927 – March 14, 2004) was an American football player and coach who was part of eight National Football League championship teams, but may be best remembered as the first head coach of the NFL's Atlanta Falcons. Early life and career
Born and raised in Olmsted Falls, Ohio, <mask> served in the U.S. Army during World War II, then returned home to attend nearby Baldwin-Wallace College. In his years at the school, he showed himself to be an outstanding athlete by competing in four sports, most notably in football, where he won small college All-American honors in 1950 at wide receiver. After having seen time as a reserve during the previous two years, <mask> caught 34 passes for 646 yards as a senior, including 13 catches in a single game. Professional career
<mask> lived in Olmsted Falls Ohio, and his family still lives there. <mask> was drafted by the Los Angeles Rams in the sixth round of the 1951 NFL Draft, and during his first season with the team, played on both sides of the ball, missing only one game after suffering a fractured cheekbone. On defense, he returned one turnover for a touchdown that season, but his most important contribution came in the NFL title game on December 23, when his game-saving tackle helped the Rams defeat the Cleveland Browns, 24–17.During the following off-season, <mask> married Barbara Anne Ritchie on April 4, a union that would last 46 years until her death. The family ties became even stronger when his brother Bob joined him in the Los Angeles secondary, but <mask>'s time with the Rams would end after the conclusion of the 1953 NFL season, when, after intercepting seven passes for the year, he was dealt to the Washington Redskins. However, before playing a down with his new team, he signed to play with the Canadian Football League's Toronto Argonauts on June 8, 1954. After just one season with his new team, the Argonauts released <mask> and the team's other American imports on December 14. After first choosing to stay up north with the Ottawa Rough Riders, <mask> changed his mind and reported to the Redskins'

masks:
Norbert Earl Hecker
Hecker
Hecker
Hecker
Hecker
Hecker
Hecker
Hecker
Hecker


texts:
 training camp on August 2, 1955. In his first season, he had a team-high six interceptions, returning one for a touchdown. Off the field, <mask> also made an impact as one of 12 players who started the National Football League Players Association in 1956, briefly serving as the team representative.<mask> closed out his career after two more years of action, scoring another defensive touchdown in 1957 and finishing with 28 interceptions for his career. He also had two touchdown receptions, while also seeing periodic duty as the team's placekicker. Continuing knee troubles played a major role in <mask>'s release from the Redskins on September 7, 1958, with the veteran returning to Canada for one final season as a player-coach with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats. Coaching career
On February 23, 1959, <mask> began his coaching career by signing as an assistant under new Green Bay Packers' coach Vince Lombardi. Inheriting a team that had won just once in 1958, Lombardi finished with a winning record in his first season, then narrowly missed  capturing the NFL title the following year. In each of the next two campaigns, the Packers won the championship, then added another in 1965. The latter title resulted in <mask> being hired by the expansion Falcons as their first head coach on January 26, 1966.Lombardi was initially pursued as the first Atlanta coach, but after deciding to stay with Green Bay, was asked for recommendations for Atlanta's first coach. At the time, Lombardi did not recommend <mask> and the Atlanta owner, Rankin Smith Sr., thinking Lombardi was trying to pull one over on him, decided to hire <mask>. The next three years would be an exercise in frustration for <mask> who managed just four wins in his 31 games at the helm. One bad omen of this misery came in the team's first exhibition game when the Falcons' kicker Wade Traynham completely missed the ball on the kickoff. Following the inaugural 3–11 season, the Falcons were plagued by injuries in 1967 and declined to a 1–12–1 mark, the lone win coming in a one-point mid-season contest against the Minnesota

masks: Hecker Hecker Hecker Hecker Hecker Hecker Hecker Hecker


texts:
 Vikings. When Atlanta began the 1968 NFL season by dropping their first three games, <mask> was fired on October 1 and replaced by former Viking head coach Norm Van Brocklin. After reaching a settlement on the remaining two years of his contract, <mask> accepted the defensive coordinator position with the New York Giants on February 12, 1969.He had also been under consideration for a post with the Redskins, who had just hired the previously-retired Lombardi. Following a 6–8 season that began with the preseason dismissal of head coach Allie Sherman, the Giants came close to reaching the postseason in 1970 with a 9–5 mark. However, when the team slipped to 4–10 the next year and gave up 362 points, <mask> was fired on December 23, 1971. He resurfaced at Stanford University, first under Jack Christiansen from 1972 to 1976, then Bill Walsh the next two seasons. When Walsh was hired as head coach of the San Francisco 49ers in 1979, <mask> came along as an assistant coach. After struggling for two seasons, the 49ers stunned the NFL by winning the championship in 1981, capping their turnaround season with a 26–21 win over the Cincinnati Bengals in Super Bowl XVI. San Francisco would go on to win three more Super Bowls, with <mask> eventually moving into a front office position until his retirement in 1991.<mask> closed out his career in 1995 with the Amsterdam Admirals of the World League of American Football, handling both coaching and front office duties. He died of cancer in 2004. External links

 Encyclopedia of Baldwin Wallace History: <mask> <mask>

References

1927 births
2004 deaths
Atlanta Falcons head coaches
Baldwin Wallace Yellow Jackets football players
Green Bay Packers coaches
Hamilton Tiger-Cats coaches
Hamilton Tiger-Cats players
Los Angeles Rams players
New York Giants coaches
San Francisco 49ers coaches
Stanford Cardinal football coaches
Toronto Argonauts players
Washington Redskins players
People from Berea, Ohio
Players of American football from Ohio
Deaths from cancer in California
People from Olmsted Falls, Ohio
United States Army personnel of

masks: Hecker Hecker Hecker Hecker Hecker Hecker Norb Hecker


texts:
<mask> (Lima, Peru, December 12 1955) is an author and lecturer focused on the UFO phenomena, particularly alien contact, from a spiritual viewpoint. Known as the visible head of the  Rahma Mission in Spain and a number of Latin American countries, stands out among the ufologists for having summoned the international press to sightings scheduled in advance in more than ten occasions. As a self proclaimed contactee, he has published 20 books in Spanish and one in English about this subject so far (July 2017). In his works about UFOlogy he promotes a systematic method of physical and mental preparation for contact, as well as protocols for documenting, validating and confirming contact experiences. Life
<mask> was born in Lima, Peru, in December 12 1955 to <mask> and <mask>, an astronomer and scientific adviser of the Peruvian Air Force, as well as researcher interested in the UFO phenomena. From the age of twelve he became interested in UFOs because of his proximity to the Peruvian Institute of Interplanetary Relations (IPRI), founded and presided over by his father. He coursed primary and secondary studies with the Marist Brothers, culminating his studies in the first place in the Order of Merits.<mask> <mask>, 19 at that time, invites the Spanish journalist J. J. Benitez to a programmed sighting of an unidentified flying object in the Chilca desert on September 7, 1974. He then pursued university studies at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, in the faculty of History. He is married to Marina Torres since 1987 and have two daughters: Yearim and Tanis. Career

On January 22, 1974 he attended a conference titled "Telepathy as a transmission of distance thought", given by a physician member of the Theosophical Society. That night, after a deep relaxation exercise, <mask> received with his mother and sister, a message through automatic writing.

masks:
Sixto Paz Wells
Paz Wells
Rose Marie Wells Vrich
Carlos Paz García
Sixto
Paz
Paz Wells


texts:
 The message supposedly was from a being named Oxalc from Ganymede, with the intention of establishing communication with some earthlings. <mask> repeated the group experience, and they all were summoned to a sighting scheduled on February 7, 1974 at 9 pm in the Chilca desert, where according to the attendants appeared a very bright lens-shaped aircraft with windows.<mask> <mask> was interested in communicating with aliens astrally, in dreams or telepathically, and not only physically with their ships, which was the traditional approach of IPRI ufologists. Similar experiences were happening until August 1974, when the agency Efe spread the news that involved the <mask> family:

Following the note from Efe, journalist J. J. Benítez was sent from Spain to learn about the unusual experience of <mask> teenagers. Benítez did not get involved with Ufology out of his curiosity, but rather found the UFO phenomenon meeting the Rama Mission. <mask> invites him to the scheduled sighting of an unidentified flying object, along with his brother Charlie  and seven other people at the Chilca desert on September 7, 1974. Benitez saw, as had been announced in advance, two UFOs. Rahma Mission

Originally called the RAMA Mission, it was named after the goal they shared: RA (Sun) MA (Earth), a contact program that seeks to transform the human being into a star, into a Sun on Earth. It was the organization of groups of sympathizers of the method promoted by <mask> to contact those who he called "Extraterrestrial Guides".Through IPRI <mask> contacted the "International Society of Divine Realization" where he learned yoga, relaxation, meditation and deep concentration techniques, which he would later encourage among the Rahma groups to facilitate contact. Since the Chilca event of September 1974, together with his brother Charlie and close friends from IPRI, he began work

masks:
Sixto
Sixto
Paz
Paz Wells
Paz Wells
Sixto
Paz Wells
Paz Wells


texts:
 with groups of enthusiasts in Peru, which were growing and ended adopting the name RAMA Mission. It was officially dissolved as an organization by its founder in 1990, although there are groups that are still working independently. It came to have a presence in several countries of Latin America and Spain, where it was reviewed as one of the eleven sects or groups that have the extraterrestrials as core of their doctrines. International Forums
<mask> <mask> describes himself as a messenger of peace and hope, rather than a messenger of other worlds. He has appeared in international forums such as the United Nations and in universities such as Columbia University and John F. Kennedy University. In other countries, the University of Montreal, the Universidad Complutense de Madrid and the National Autonomous University of Mexico have also had him as a lecturer.Visited countries

<mask> travels around the world giving lectures about his take on the UFO phenomena. He has visited Europe, Africa, Oceania and America such as Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Argentina, Uruguay and United States, being most noted his visit to Washington DC in May 2015. In more than ten opportunities he has summoned members of the international press to witness, record and photograph the sightings of lights and objects in the sky, which the author claims are directed or manned by extraterrestrial beings who maintain telepathic contact with him and other members of his contact groups. Among these experiences are one of August 1997 on the Valparaíso beach north of Lima, March 3, 2009 in the Chilca desert, in 2014 also in Chilca, and 2014 in Teotihuacan, Mexico. Critics
As a self proclaimed contactee, <mask> has faced skepticism, even from the so called serious ufologists. On March 31, 1994 <mask> was invited to the Spanish television program "La hora de la verdad", in which he

masks:
Sixto
Paz
Paz Wells
Paz Wells
Paz Wells


texts:
 underwent a polygraph test. He has been criticized for not passing the test on the question "Have you truly traveled in a spacecraft to another planet?", which is one of the main arguments the author uses to back up his claims. However, <mask> did pass all other questions such as "Have you ever been under the influence of a hallucinogenic drug? ", "Have you received money from any spy service? ", "Have you invented all these stories For exclusively lucrative purposes? ", "Without having to do with this matter, have you ever lied to get out of a hurry?" which he argues in his defense as proof of character. He also says that he failed the question "Have you really traveled in a spacecraft to another planet?"because he claims to have visited Ganymede, which is not a proper planet but a moon of Jupiter, an imprecision that made him stumble. The Rahma Mission of which <mask> was the visible head until its dissolution in 1990 has been described by psychologists and philosophers as a UFO religion and a neo-religious group whose beliefs are very similar to those of Theosophy and nineteenth century's Occultism, while using the techniques from Spiritism. In 1976, his brother Charlie settled in Brazil and formed contact groups there with a different orientation than <mask> was giving to the RAMA Mission, claiming that it was becoming "a movement plagued of interpretation errors, struggles for leadership and unclear economic purposes." Published books
He has written more than 20 books since 1985, published in Argentina, Spain, Mexico, Colombia, Peru, Italy, Germany, and the United States. Some of them have been translated into English, German, Italian and Portuguese. References

External links
 Official website

Living people
1955 births
Pontifical Catholic University of Peru alumni
Peruvian male writers
UFO writers
Ufologists
Contactees
Spiritual

masks:
Paz Wells
Paz Wells
Sixto


texts:
<mask> is the stage name of <mask> (born 3 June 1939), an English singer-songwriter and musician who is best known as the lead singer of the English rock band Mott the Hoople, from its inception in 1969 to its dissolution in 1974, and at the time of its 2009, 2013, and 2019 reunions. <mask> was a musician and songwriter before joining Mott the Hoople, and continued in this vein after he left the band. He embarked on a solo career despite ill health and disillusionment with commercial success, and often worked in collaboration with Mick Ronson, David Bowie's sideman and arranger from The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars period. Mott the Hoople achieved some commercial success, and attracted a small but devoted fan base. As a solo artist, <mask> charted with lesser-known but more wide-ranging works outside the rock mainstream. His best-known solo songs are "Once Bitten, Twice Shy", later covered by Great White, and "England Rocks", which was modified to "Cleveland Rocks" and then covered by The Presidents of the United States of America, and became one of the theme songs used for the American TV series The Drew Carey Show. Early years
<mask> was born in Oswestry, Shropshire, England.Due to the onset of war, the family moved to Hamilton, South Lanarkshire to live with the family of his Scottish father. <mask> was brought up there until the age of six and has stated that he considers himself a Scot, but also identifies as English and British. <mask>'s entry into the music business came after a chance encounter with Colin York and Colin Broom at a Butlin's holiday camp, where the trio won a talent competition performing "Blue Moon" on acoustic guitars. York and Broom were members of a Northampton-based band called The Apex Group, fronted by bass player and band leader Frank Short.

masks:
Ian Hunter
Ian Hunter Patterson
Hunter
Hunter
Hunter
Hunter
Hunter


texts: <mask> soon left his home in Shrewsbury, transferred his apprenticeship from Sentinel/Rolls Royce to British Timken in Northampton, and joined The Apex Group on rhythm guitar. <mask> recalls jumping around like a lunatic on stage: "Music affected me so much. The rest of them just stood there.It was funny, I had kids who came just to watch me do this, and I can't imagine what it looked like." <mask> left The Apex Group in 1958, just before they recorded their first single "Yorkshire Relish, Caravan" for John Lever Records. <mask> played in a few local groups, but eventually his financial situation forced a change. "I wasn't making my hire-purchase payments, and 'little jobs' were getting done and people were getting smacked. I was never in the middle of it, but I was always somewhere in the area." He returned to Shrewsbury, ostensibly to become more responsible in his personal life, and settled down enough to have a steady girlfriend in Diane Coles. Outside of his day job, he and Tony Wardle formed a harmonica duo inspired by Morton Fraser's Harmonica Gang, a local variety act.It was during this period – late 1963 or early 1964 – that The Apex recorded a second disc for John Lever records, released as The Apex Rhythm & Blues All Stars. The four-song EP included their own "Tall Girl", and covers of Chuck Berry's "Reeling and A'Rocking" and "Down the Road A'piece", and Jimmy Gilmer and The Fireballs' "Sugar Shack". <mask> probably does not appear on this record; the EP was recorded around the time <mask> left the group for the second time. At Freddie Lee's suggestion, The Shriekers began taking jobs in the same German clubs where the Beatles had cut their teeth a few years earlier. In an interview taped in 2004, <mask> volunteers that Lee and their gigs in Hamburg were a major turning point, at which he

masks: Hunter Hunter Hunter Hunter Hunter Hunter Hunter


texts: first began to "think maybe I could do this instead of working in factories." In 1966, <mask> moved to London, where he joined The Scenery with guitarist Miller Anderson, drummer Dave Dufort and keyboard player Dante Smith. There <mask> met Mick Ronson, then guitarist of bands the Voice and The Rats, at the Flamingo Club in London.According to Anderson, "Mick was coming down the stairs ... and we were going up and I said, `Mick, this is my friend, <mask> [<mask>] Patterson.'" The Scenery, now with John Vernon Smith on drums, recorded tracks with Bill Farley at Regent Sound that were licensed for international release without their knowledge. <mask> and Anderson recall writing and recording "To Make a Man Cry," but not the B-side, "Thread of Time." John Vernon Smith appears on the picture sleeve, but Johnny Banks, of The Merseybeats, played on the record. Johnny Gustafson was also included in the session work. The songs were released on the Impact label, and it is unclear whether they originated from France or Belgium. <mask> remained in the band after Anderson's early 1968 departure.Anderson and J.V. Smith were replaced by guitarist Chris Mayfield and drummer Pete Phillipps, and the group backed up Freddie Lee in 'At Last The 1958 Rock and Roll Show'. They got a regular booking at The Angel in Edmonton, and drew interest from both Chrysalis Records and NEMS but were signed by neither. With Miller Anderson back in place of Mayfield, the group released a single on CBS called "I Can't Drive". As the short-lived rock and roll revival waned, 'At Last the 1958 Rock and Roll Show' changed its name to 'Charlie Woolfe' and released a final single, "Dance, Dance, Dance". During <mask>'s obscure early years, Hereford's Shakedown Sound, with future Mott members in their ranks, gigged in roughly the same circles

masks: Hunter Hunter Ian Hunter Hunter Hunter Hunter


texts:
 but without any record company interest. <mask> played with various other artists throughout the 1960s, including The Young Idea, Billy Fury and David McWilliams.In late 1968 Mickie Most hired <mask> and Dufort to play in a band that was to be called 'The New Yardbirds', a name that Jimmy Page had been using for his post-Yardbirds group before discarding it in favour of 'Led Zeppelin'. This led confused fans to think that <mask> had been a member of Led Zeppelin. Explained <mask>: "See: this is rubbish, but people read it and believe it." <mask> also worked as a journalist and staff songwriter for Francis, Day & Hunter Ltd., did road-digging for a local council, and reported for a local newspaper. Career

Mott the Hoople
By 1969, <mask> had two children, but was still hoping for a return to making music full-time. Meanwhile, guitarist Mick Ralphs joined organist Verden Allen in Jimmy Cliff's backing band, The Shakedown Sound. Eventually Ralphs, Allen, vocalist Stan Tippins, bassist Overend Watts, and drummer Dale Griffin united to become Silence, who auditioned for British impresario Guy Stevens.Silence renamed themselves after Willard Manus' 1966 novel, Mott the Hoople. The band lacked a credible singer with stage presence, and the seasoned <mask>, who had by this time taken to wearing his trademark sunglasses, auditioned on a lark and was given the position. They were a critical success in the UK, where some of their most dedicated early fans included future members of the Clash. However, they could not sustain their commercial appeal, and their American tours were slow in building a following. Mott released several LPs and attracted enthusiastic live audiences, but experienced dismal sales despite the svengali-like leadership and promotion of Stevens. After a 1972 concert in a "gas cylinder" in


texts: Switzerland, the band announced their end. David Bowie, a fan of the band, then offered them a song he had just written.As <mask> recalled in a 2004 DVD interview, "He offered us "Suffragette City", which I didn't think was good enough. And then he sat down on the floor, Regent Street it was, in a publisher's office, and plays 'All The Young Dudes' on an acoustic guitar." It reached No. 3 in the UK Singles Chart, and revived the band, who were appreciative of Bowie's rescue. Guitarist Ralphs relates that Bowie taught Mott studio tricks, but one of the best-known sounds during the period was a 'hand-clap-in-the-toilet' routine that relied more on <mask>'s vision than it did on Bowie's clearly more experienced studio abilities. Bowie guitarist Mick Ronson also significantly contributed to Mott's sound, a fact noticed by <mask>, who would later collaborate with Ronson a great deal. The post-Bowie Mott the Hoople had notable commercial success with the albums All the Young Dudes (1972, produced by Bowie); Mott (1973) and The Hoople (1974).The band experienced financial success with songs such as "Roll Away The Stone", "Golden Age of Rock´n´Roll", "Honaloochie Boogie", "All The Way From Memphis", "Saturday Gigs", and especially "All The Young Dudes". <mask> chronicled the highs and lows of touring in Diary of a Rock'n'Roll Star, his journal of a chaotic five-week American tour in November–December 1972. Ralphs left in 1973 to form Bad Company, and <mask> began to play guitar until Luther Grosvenor took over. <mask> at the same time was increasingly pressured to write hits for the band. Grosvenor, aka Ariel Bender, was briefly replaced by Mick Ronson, formerly the leading member of Bowie's backing band The Spiders from Mars, after the release of a live album following The Hoople. <mask> left the band in


texts:
 December 1974. The remaining members carried on under the names Mott and British Lions.On 16 January 2009, several sources, including <mask>'s own website, announced that Mott the Hoople would reunite for two concerts at the Hammersmith Apollo in London, on 2 and 3 October 2009. These two dates sold out, and three additional dates were added. In the end, Mott the Hoople played two warm up gigs in Monmouth, five nights at the Hammersmith Apollo, and made a final appearance at the Tartan Clefs Charity night at the Kelvin Hall that November. A further British tour in 2013, taking in Birmingham, Newcastle, Glasgow and Manchester (which was released on CD and DVD), culminated in a last night at The O2 arena on 18 November 2013. 1970s
In March 1975, <mask> joined forces with Mick Ronson, his most frequent collaborator until Ronson's death in 1993. <mask>'s first single from his eponymous solo album was the UK Top 40 hit "Once Bitten Twice Shy". <mask> and Ronson then parted professionally, reportedly due to <mask>'s refusal to deal with Ronson's manager, Tony DeFries.<mask>'s second solo album, All American Alien Boy (1976), was a more soul-infused work which featured saxophonist David Sanborn and bassist Jaco Pastorius. Queen, once an opening act for Mott the Hoople, provided backing vocals on one track. <mask>'s next album, Overnight Angels (1977), was produced by Roy Thomas Baker and featured a heavier guitar sound courtesy of former Bowie sideman Earl Slick. <mask>'s record label in America, Columbia Records, refused to release the album in the US due to issues concerning <mask>'s management: "Overnight Angels was not released in the US because I fired my manager, Fred Heller, during the English promotional tour – just before it was to be released in America. Columbia said they didn't want to release it

masks: Hunter Hunter Hunter Hunter Hunter Hunter Hunter Hunter Hunter


texts:
 until I had new management and that dragged on until it became too late." In late 1978, <mask> produced Generation X's second LP Valley of the Dolls (1979). Mick Ronson returned as producer and guitarist on <mask>'s 1979 album, You're Never Alone with a Schizophrenic, which also featured John Cale and several members of Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band.Two songs from ...Schizophrenic became successes for other artists: Barry Manilow's version of "Ships" became a top ten US hit in late 1979, and the Presidents of the United States of America's 1997 cover of "Cleveland Rocks" was used as one of the theme songs for The Drew Carey Show. "Cleveland Rocks" is arguably <mask>'s most enduring solo song; a de facto anthem in Cleveland, Ohio, where it is sometimes used as a victory song for the city's sports teams. <mask> was given the key to the city by Cleveland mayor Dennis Kucinich on 19 June 1979. The same year, <mask> co-produced with Mick Ronson, Ellen Foley's Night Out album, where he also contributed keyboards, guitar, and percussion. 1980s
The best-selling status of ...Schizophrenic led Hunter's record label, Chrysalis Records, to commission the release of the double album Welcome to the Club (1980). Primarily a live album, it also featured some original studio material. Todd Rundgren played lead guitar on <mask>'s eleven-show 1980 US tour but does not appear on the live album.<mask>'s first studio album of the 1980s was Short Back 'n' Sides (1981), produced in collaboration with Ronson and Clash guitarist Mick Jones. Ronson's input on <mask>'s next album, All of the Good Ones Are Taken (1983), was restricted to playing guitar on a single track. The title track became a minor hit in the US, after MTV put the song's video into heavy rotation. In the same year, Ronson travelled to Canada to produce the

masks: Hunter Hunter Hunter Hunter Hunter Hunter Hunter Hunter


texts:
 Payolas' album Hammer on a Drum, to which <mask> contributed backing vocals. 1990s
YUI Orta was released as a joint album by <mask> and Mick Ronson in 1990, and the pair performed alongside David Bowie and Queen at The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert in April 1992. Ronson died of liver cancer a year later, and <mask> gave his memorial speech. <mask> wrote and recorded "Michael Picasso", a tribute to Ronson that was included on <mask>'s 1996 album The Artful Dodger, the follow-up to Dirty Laundry (1995).<mask> appeared on Ronson's posthumously-released solo album, Heaven and Hull (1994), and performed at the first Mick Ronson Memorial Concert in April 1994. 2000s
In 2000, <mask> played a handful of live dates in the UK and the US to promote the release of Sony's 2xCD anthology, Once Bitten Twice Shy. For the UK dates, he used the same band as in 1999: Darrell Bath (guitar), Paul Cuddeford (guitar), Paul 'Trevor' Francis (bass), <mask> (keyboards), and Steve Holley (drums). For the lone US date, his band included Andy York (guitar), John Conte (bass), Tom Mandel (keyboards), and Steve Holley (drums). In 2001, <mask> toured North America with Ringo Starr and his All-Starr Band as part of a line-up which included Ringo Starr, Sheila E., Greg Lake, Howard Jones, Roger Hodgson, and Mark Rivera. <mask>'s studio album Rant, released the same year and was followed by two live albums: 2004's Strings Attached with a 20-piece orchestra, and 2005's The Truth, The Whole Truth and Nuthin' But The Truth with Mick Ralphs (and Brian May of Queen and Joe Elliott of Def Leppard on one song). <mask> won Classic Rock Magazine'''s Songwriter Award in October 2005.His studio album, Shrunken Heads, was accompanied by a three-song bonus CD, and was released in May 2007 by Jerkin' Crocus in Europe and Yep Roc Records in the US.

masks:
Hunter
Hunter
Hunter
Hunter
Hunter
Hunter
Hunter
Ian Gibbons
Hunter
Hunter
Hunter


texts:
 Man Overboard, was released on 21 July 2009, by New West Records. 2010s
<mask>'s 20th solo studio album When I'm President was released on 3 September 2012, in the UK on Proper Records, and on the following day in the US on Slimstyle Records. <mask> and his Rant band performed on 3 June 2015, at the City Winery in New York. A new live album, <mask> & The Rant Band – Live in the UK 2010, was released on 20 October 2014, on <mask>'s own label Rant Records. <mask> continues to tour across the UK, Europe and North America. In January 2015, he played three nights in Tokyo.<mask>'s observations on his Tokyo trip were documented in an article titled 'Diary of a Rock 'N' Roll Star – Part 2' that appeared in the June 2015 issue of Mojo. A new studio album, Fingers Crossed, was released worldwide on 16 September 2016, on Proper Records. The album featured the song "Dandy", which <mask> wrote about and dedicated to the late David Bowie. On 29 March 2019, <mask> joined Def Leppard and other artists on stage during the band's Rock and Roll Hall of Fame performance. The group played ‘All The Young Dudes’ to close the night. Hunter & the Rant Band's four-night Gala 80th Birthday Celebration was held at the City Winery in New York City from 31 May to 3 June 2019. On 30 September 2019, <mask>'s 2019 US tour was cancelled because he developed a severe case of tinnitus and had been advised by his doctors to discontinue performing until this condition subsides.Discography
 Solo albums

Solo singles

Mott the Hoople albums

 Mott the Hoople (1969) – UK No. 66 / US No. 185
 Mad Shadows (1970) – UK No. 48
 Wildlife (1971) – UK No. 44
 Brain Capers (1971) – did not chart
 All The Young Dudes (1972) – UK No. 21 / US No. 89
 Mott (1973) – UK No.7 / US No. 35
 The Hoople (1974) – UK No. 11 / US No. 28
 Rock And Roll Queen

masks:
Hunter
Hunter
Ian Hunter
Hunter
Hunter
Hunter
Hunter
Hunter
Hunter