texts: by first ball he faced in both innings. <mask> scored 585 runs at an average of 45.00 in the 1985–86 South African season and followed that with 596 runs at an average of 42.57 in 1986–87. In 2007, <mask> reflected on his participation in the rebel tours: "Cricket was at the forefront of trying to break down barriers and when you look how cricket has developed in South Africa I was very pleased to be involved." Following the rebel tours, <mask> returned to Western Australia. The Western Australian Cricket Association attempted to ban him from club cricket in Western Australia. In response <mask> took action against the WACA for restraint of trade; he won the case in the Federal Court of Australia—the WACA lost several hundred thousand dollars in court costs. Before the start of the 1987–88 season, Marsh resigned his position as a Western Australian selector; by December <mask> had made his way back into the Western Australian team as an opener, where he scored 76 runs against New South Wales.He played six matches for Western Australia that year scoring 223 runs at an average of 22.30. The following season <mask> played only two games for Western Australia, with the state side finding little room for a man now aged 34. In September 1989, <mask> signed on as captain of Natal in the South African Currie Cup competition. His two seasons with Natal were disappointing for the team and himself; Natal struggled on the field and there was disharmony amongst the squad. With the bat he scored 176 runs at an average of 13.53 in 1989–90 and 266 at 24.16 in 1990–91. He did, however, have a positive influence on two cricketers who later represented South Africa. Andrew Hudson claimed that


type: original

texts:
 "<mask> installed a positiveness and a self-belief" in him and Jonty Rhodes—who stayed in <mask>' home during Natal home matches—wanted to play with the same passion as <mask>: "There are too many robots ... <mask> was emotional because he cared.I wanted to be the same." During his second season at Natal, <mask> was dropped from the Natal side and later was dropped from the Natal "B" side. He retired from all first-class cricket in February 1991. Off the field

Personal life
After finishing high school, <mask> attended Graylands Teachers College to train as a primary school teacher. Graylands was established as a stop-gap measure but by the time <mask> arrived it had been operating for two decades and the facilities were run down and almost derelict. In 1974, his final year at Graylands, <mask> was elected President of the student council and in this role he led a campaign to improve the facilities for the faculty and students. The campaign, which included an appearance by <mask> on the ABC television current affairs program This Day Tonight, met with some measure of success.His first job as a teacher was at Linden Park Primary School in Linden Park during his attempt to make the South Australian team in 1974. After teaching, he found employment in the finance industry, working first for City Building Society as a promotions manager and later for Town & Country Building Society in a marketing role. Town & Country used <mask> to promote their business both in advertising and in through direct contact with investors. In return, <mask> was afforded time away from work to pursue cricket. The General Manager of Town & Country described the relationship: "[<mask>] was a great player,

masks: Kim Hughes Hughes Kim Hughes Hughes Hughes Hughes Hughes Hughes Hughes Hughes


texts: well presented, good looking. He was a family man. He fitted the Town & Country mould admirably."<mask> was a skilled Australian rules footballer as a junior and was invited to play with the Claremont Football Club in the West Australian National Football League. He played two seasons at Claremont—1973 and 1974—alternating between the under-21 and the reserve teams, but did not manage to make the senior team. The Claremont coach, Verdun Howell, described <mask> as having "Great ball skills, brilliant hand-eye coordination and a very, very reliable kick [...] And he showed courage. He went full throttle at the ball and didn't look for a second option." Howell told <mask> one evening at practice, "I believe you could go as far as you want in football." <mask> played at full forward for the under-21 team and mainly in the centre in the reserves. His brief football career was interrupted by injury—he broke his neck falling off a desk at teachers college—and eventually he advised Howell that he was "very much looking towards cricket" in future.<mask> was aged 14 when he met Jenny Davidson, a fellow student at City Beach High School. The pair married in March 1977 and within four weeks <mask> left for a four-month tour of England. In January 1981, Jenny gave birth to twins. Another son and a daughter followed. <mask>'s brother Glenn played first-class cricket for Orange Free State and Tasmania. Since retirement <mask> has been chairman of selectors for the Western Australian Cricket Association from 1999 to 2000 and more recently an occasional cricket commentator on ABC radio. He was Head of Cricket at Hale School, in Wembley Downs, Perth.A dining room at the WACA Ground is named the

masks: Hughes Hughes Hughes Hughes Hughes Hughes Kim Hughes


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 <mask> Room. Style and personality

<mask> batted with an orthodox upright, side-on stance. He gripped the bat high on the handle and played his strokes with a controlled backlift and a full follow through. He got his body well behind the ball in defence but early in his innings tended to move around the crease in front of his stumps, leaving him vulnerable to a leg before wicket dismissal. <mask> was widely considered by those who knew him as a likeable and friendly person; a person who wanted to be liked. He said of himself when appointed captain of Australia, "The one thing in my favour is that I will never change. I hope I will always be a likeable enough, easy-to-get-along-with type of person."His biographer noted, "[F]riends, team-mates, coaches, teachers, officials, close observers. Almost all mentioned <mask>'s niceness. He addresses people by their first name. He loves being around and encouraging children. He likes being people's best friend." As captain <mask> was popular and obliging with the press and the public. English journalist Frank Keating said "Pulled this way and that by photographers, fringers, high commissioners, low commissioners, book commissioners, and hall-porter commissioners, [<mask>] never stopped being softly obliging."The journalist Adrian McGregor said of <mask>, "He was almost too amenable, too nice a guy. He was great with the media, would answer all sorts of questions, never told people to piss off. [...] It was almost like he didn't have the appropriate personality [to be captain]." <mask> projected a confident image on the field. "A pretty cocky little fella" was how one early opponent in club cricket described <mask>. This cockiness pleased

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Kim Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Kim
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes


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 some but others like Bruce Duperouzel, <mask>'s captain in a Western Australian colts team, thought that <mask> had "an extravagance that pushed the bounds of acceptability." Fond of noting that he was born on Australia Day, <mask> was proudly Australian and keen to demonstrate this publicly.On his first tour to England, <mask> was often the only team member wearing the Australian team blazer. <mask> claimed that "the greatest day of [his] life" was Australia II's victory over the New York Yacht Club's entry in the 1983 America's Cup yacht race; <mask> sat down with his twin sons, waved mini-Australian flags purchased especially for the event and watched a replay of the race twice more that day. <mask>'s nickname was "Claggy", a reference to the ubiquitous Clag glue found in classrooms across Australia. Notes

References

External links

. 1954 births
Living people
Australia One Day International cricketers
Australia Test cricketers
Australia Test cricket captains
People from Margaret River, Western Australia
Australian expatriate sportspeople in South Africa
Australian expatriate cricketers
KwaZulu-Natal cricketers
Western Australia cricketers
Western Australian Sports Star of the Year winners
Wisden Cricketers of the Year
Australian cricketers
Western Australian Institute of Sport alumni
Cricketers from Western

masks: Hughes Hughes Hughes Hughes Hughes Hughes Hughes


texts:
<mask> (born 25 November 1988) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for League Two club Tranmere Rovers. He started his career with Liverpool as a youth-team player in 1997. He remained at Anfield for sixteen years before leaving, in 2013, for Bolton Wanderers. After four years at the University of Bolton Stadium, he joined Blackpool, newly promoted to League One, in 2017, initially until the end of the 2017–18 season. He made the move permanent the following summer and remained at Bloomfield Road for two years. Career

Liverpool

Reserves (2007–2010)
Raised in Wallasey, Merseyside, <mask> was the captain of the Liverpool Under 18s that won the FA Youth Cup in 2007. He featured the previous season in the final against Manchester City, but missed the majority of the season due to a broken leg.He was promoted to Melwood in the summer of 2007 to train with the Liverpool first team after impressing in the club's Academy. He had been involved with his boyhood club since he was seven years old. He was voted the best player in the Torneo di Renate, a competition for under-20 sides, competing against clubs such as Milan and Parma. He was also part of the Reserve side that won the Premier Reserve League in the 2007–08 season. 2008–09 season
Spearing made his competitive first-team debut on 9 December 2008, coming on as a substitute in a 3–1 UEFA Champions League win against PSV. Spearing also appeared in the Reds' 4–0 win over Real Madrid in the second round of the Champions League. On 31 March 2009, Liverpool manager Rafael Benítez announced that he would be offering Spearing a new contract, alongside fellow home-grown youngster Stephen Darby.On 6 July 2009, Spearing agreed to a new three-year contract with Liverpool. Loan move to Leicester City

On 22 March 2010, Liverpool confirmed Spearing would join Championship club Leicester City on loan until the end of the 2009–10 season, linking up with former Liverpool reserve teammate Jack Hobbs. His debut came two days later, starting in the Foxes 2–1

masks:
Jay Francis Spearing
Spearing


texts:
 Championship loss to Reading. His last game for Leicester was on 12 May in the Championship Play-off semi-final, with Leicester winning 3–2, but it wasn't enough to reach the final as they lost on a penalty shootout. He made nine appearances for Leicester and scored his only goal for the club in the 4–1 home win against Watford. 2010–11 season
Spearing was included in Liverpool's 21-man squad for the 2010–11 Premier League season. He started and played the full 90 minutes in the opening leg of Liverpool's UEFA Europa League qualifier against Macedonian side FK Rabotnički, and came on as a substitute at Anfield in the second leg.On 16 September, he again played the full 90 minutes in the Reds' opening group game against Steaua București, his first-ever start at Anfield, setting up David N'Gog for the fourth and final goal as Liverpool won 4–1. On 22 September, he was involved in Liverpool's League Cup third-round exit to League Two side Northampton Town; Liverpool lost 4–2 on penalties after a 2–2 draw. On 21 October, he played the full 90 minutes in Liverpool's third group-stage tie, a 0–0 draw with a Napoli side featuring former Liverpool left-back Andrea Dossena. Spearing was an unused substitute in Liverpool's 1–0 Premier League win against Bolton Wanderers at the Reebok Stadium on 31 October. He came on in the 90th minute of Liverpool's 2–0 victory over Chelsea on 7 November 2010, instantly making an impact by playing a through ball to assist a Maxi Rodríguez effort. On 20 November, it was reported that Spearing had broken his ankle in training and would be out for up to six weeks. He made his first appearance of 2011 against Everton on 16 January.In the post-match interview, Liverpool manager Kenny Dalglish praised the young midfielder and joked that Steven Gerrard may never get into the first team again. On 20 March, Spearing started another league game, away to Sunderland. Spearing won a penalty, which was converted by Dirk Kuyt to put Liverpool 1–0 up. Spearing then went on the secure a first-team berth with the


texts:
 absence of Steven Gerrard and out-of-favour Christian Poulsen. For the remainder of the Premier League season, he formed a midfield partnership with Lucas. Against Arsenal on 17 April, <mask> gave away a 98th-minute penalty, which Robin van Persie converted to make the game 1–0. The match finished 1–1.Despite this, Spearing won the man-of-the-match award from Sky Sports and was praised after the game for his determination, work-rate and battling performance. He received the journalists' man-of-the-match award on the official Liverpool website three times during the season. In May 2011, the club announced that he had extended his contract, and he was included in England under-21s provisional 40-man squad for the 2011 Summer U21 European Championship, with fellow Liverpool player Andy Carroll. 2011–12 season

For the 2011–12 season, Spearing wore the number 20, with his old number 26 being registered to new arrival Charlie Adam. Spearing immediately fell down the pecking order in Liverpool's midfield after the arrival of midfielders Adam, Jordan Henderson and Stewart Downing. On 20 July 2011, it was widely reported that Spearing would consider an option to move to Wolverhampton Wanderers on loan, but the club rejected their approach, stating that Spearing was in their plans. Spearing later dismissed the rumour saying he was willing to fight for his place in the starting eleven.He made his first start of the season against Exeter City in the League Cup on 24 August 2011. The result ended in a 3–1 victory for Liverpool. He was sent off for the first time in his professional career during Liverpool's 1–0 loss to Fulham on 5 December. In May 2012, Spearing was in the starting eleven for the FA Cup Final, in which Liverpool lost to Chelsea. 2012–13 season
New Liverpool manager Brendan Rodgers described Spearing as a "very good player with great qualities" who has "the soul of the club in his heart". He started the first competitive game of the season in the UEFA Europa League qualifier against Belarusian club Gomel, playing the


texts:
 full 90 minutes, and made a substitute appearance in the return leg at Anfield. His final appearance of the season for Liverpool came as a start in the 1–0 victory against Hearts in a Europa League qualifier on 23 August 2012.Loan move to Bolton Wanderers
On 31 August 2012, <mask> joined Championship side Bolton Wanderers on a season-long loan deal. His debut came a day later in Bolton's 3–1 defeat against Hull City. He scored his first goal for Bolton on 20 October as the club beat Bristol City 3–2, in which he scored Bolton's second goal, an equaliser. On 25 April 2013, Spearing was named the Bolton Wanderers Supporters Association (BWSA) Player of the Season. This was followed on 20 May with his being named the club's Player of the Season. Return to Liverpool
At the conclusion of Bolton's season in the Championship, <mask> returned to Anfield. Although he did not feature in any of the club's remaining fixtures, he was present in the guard of honour for the retiring Jamie Carragher in the last game of the 2012–13 Premier League against Queens Park Rangers.In July 2013, a £1.75 million bid was submitted by Championship side Blackburn Rovers for Spearing, which Liverpool rejected. Notwithstanding, Blackburn failed to agree terms with Spearing, and the deal fell through. Spearing featured in Liverpool's first pre-season friendly of the summer against Preston North End and was also included in the squad for the club's summer tour. In August 2013, Spearing was told by Liverpool that he was free to leave the club, with Liverpool entering talks with Bolton for a possible transfer back to the Reebok Stadium. Bolton Wanderers

On 8 August 2013, it was announced that a deal was struck between Liverpool and Bolton subject to a medical on the same afternoon. It was confirmed on 9 August that Spearing had agreed a four-year deal for an undisclosed fee and he made his debut the following day in the 1–1 home draw against Reading, in which he received man-of-the-match honours. In September 2013, Spearing was handed the captaincy at

masks: Spearing Spearing


texts:
 Bolton whenever incumbent Zat Knight found himself out of the starting XI, although he retained the armband when Knight returned to the team with both in the starting lineup.On 26 July 2014, the club confirmed that <mask> would succeed Knight as captain. On 8 August 2015, <mask> was sent off with a second booking in the opening match of the 2015–16 Championship season against Derby County. <mask>'s goal on the opening day of the 2016–17 season against Sheffield United won August's Goal of the Month award. On 8 July 2017 the club confirmed that Spearing had left after failing to agree terms on a new contract. Blackburn Rovers (loan)
On 30 January 2015, <mask> was loaned to fellow Championship club Blackburn Rovers until the end of the season. Blackpool
On 4 October 2017, <mask> joined Blackpool until the end of the season. He scored his first goals for Blackpool when he scored twice in a 3–2 win over Bradford City on 8 September 2018.He made the move permanent in the summer. <mask> left Blackpool at the end of the 2019–20 season, after three years, having failed to agree terms on a new contract. Tranmere Rovers

On 5 August 2020, <mask> signed a two-year deal with his hometown club Tranmere Rovers. He was named Player of the Season for the 2020–2021 season. Career statistics

Honours

Liverpool
Football League Cup: 2011–12
FA Cup runner-up: 2011–12

Bolton Wanderers
EFL League One runner-up: 2016–17

Tranmere Rovers
EFL Trophy runner-up: 2020–21

Individual
Bolton Wanderers Player of the Year: 2012–13
EFL League One Goal of the Month: August 2016
Tranmere Rovers Player of the Year: 2020–21

References

External links

 LFCHistory.net profile
 Official LFC Website profile

1988 births
Living people
People from Wallasey
Footballers from Merseyside
English footballers
Association football midfielders
Liverpool F.C. players
Leicester City F.C. players
Bolton Wanderers F.C.players
Blackburn Rovers F.C. players
Blackpool F.C. players
Tranmere Rovers F.C. players
Premier League players
English Football League players
FA Cup

masks: Spearing Spearing Spearing Spearing Spearing Spearing Spearing


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<mask> (March 8, 1752February 7, 1804) was an American statesman from Philadelphia. He was a delegate for Pennsylvania to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 1788 and served in the United States Senate from 1795 to 1801. <mask> was one of the wealthiest men in the United States during his lifetime, and was considered to be the richest person in the U.S. in 1780. Early life
<mask> was born on March 8, 1752, in Philadelphia. He graduated from the College of Philadelphia (now the University of Pennsylvania) in 1768. Philadelphia Society
<mask> first travelled to Europe in 1773 and, upon, returning to America joined the Philadelphia Society. Sent by the Committee of Secret Correspondence to Martinico (today's Martinique), to reside ostensibly as a merchant and to establish communications through that colony with Silas Deane, the committee's agent in France.He departed America aboard the frigate Reprisal on July 3, 1776. During his voyages, he established links with French merchants at Martinique, captured several British ships, and returned in 1777 to America with several full loads of munitions, guns, and other vital goods necessary for the fighting of a war. Business interests

Toward the end of the American Revolution, <mask> was regarded as the richest men in the United States. He had made his fortune through joint ownership of privateers and trading. He became a major land developer, purchasing lands in upstate New York (present-day Binghamton) and 2 million acres (8,000 km2) in Maine (later known as the Bingham Purchase). He helped broker the Louisiana Purchase with Francis Baring and Henry Hope. Their agent Alexander Baring married his daughter Anne.He was the founder and the first president of the Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike. <mask> was director of several other enterprises. He maintained shipping ventures after the Revolutionary war, through his mercantile house Bingham, Inglis, and Gilmore. He was a leading member of the Pennsylvania Society for the Encouragement of Manufactures and Useful Arts and donated a Philadelphia property to be

masks:
William Bingham
Bingham
William Bingham
Bingham
Bingham
Bingham


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 converted into a textile factory. Mounted general
During the 1780s, <mask> marshaled the Second Troop of Philadelphia Light Horse, an outfit of 50 dragoons. They were glamorously clad and saw little action. <mask> was first major and later became Bingham's land agent.<mask> escorted President-elect George Washington through Pennsylvania with his troop on his April 1789 journey from Valley Forge to New York City to assume the presidency. <mask> was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1787. Politics

During the provisional government of the United States at Philadelphia, he wrote the by-laws for the national Bank of North America. He saw the national debt as beneficial in that it attracted interest into the affairs of the government. During the first presidency, Treasurer Alexander Hamilton sought <mask> as his mentor in managing taxes, tariffs, and in constructing a national bank. Speaker of Pennsylvania House
In America, he represented Pennsylvania as a delegate to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 1788. In 1790 and 1791 he was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, serving as its first speaker in 1791.He oversaw development of the land during a fledgling period of America as a member of the Society of Roads and Inland Navigation, where he worked closely with Albert Gallatin of western Pennsylvania. He later served in the Pennsylvania State Senate from 1793 through 1794. He built roads and a bridge from Philadelphia to Lancaster, Pennsylvania called the Lancaster Pike. U.S. Senator
By 1795, he was elected to the United States Senate where he served as a Federalist and Nationalist while it was originally at Philadelphia, but he left for England in 1801 when his wife had taken ill. He was an active supporter of John Adams and when Adams was elected president, <mask> served as the Senate's President pro tempore in the Fourth Congress. On March 4, 1797, with the start of the Fifth Congress he administered the oath of office to Vice President Thomas Jefferson.He was criticized by Jeffersonian politicians for "extravagance,

masks:
Bingham
William Jackson
Bingham
Bingham
Bingham
Bingham


texts:
 ostentation and dissipation". In 1813, nearly ten years after his death, John Quincy Adams said that the Presidency, the Capital and the Country had been governed by <mask> and his family connections. The several <mask> estates were renowned for hosting many prominent aristocrats from Europe as well as Federalist meetings. At the <mask> estate, Federalists agreed to hold preliminary votings before propositions were brought before Congress publicly, thus creating unanimity among party lines. Binghamton
He was also a land surveyor, and looked to develop areas currently a part of Southern New York, and Northern Pennsylvania. One of his prime prospects was at the confluence of the Chenango River and Susquehanna River. Judge Joshua Whitney Jr., settler and <mask>'s  agent, called this town Binghamton to honor him.Furthermore, Binghamton's resident university Binghamton University recognizes <mask> through the naming of Bingham Hall. Family
He married Anne Willing, daughter of Thomas Willing, President of the First Bank of the United States, and they had two daughters and a son. Ann Louisa <mask> (1782–1848). In 1798, she married Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburton. They were the parents of nine children. Maria Matilda <mask> (1783–1849), who, at the age of 15, was briefly married to a French aristocrat, Jacques Alexandre, Comte de Tilly. Afterwards she married her sister's brother-in-law, Henry Baring.They were the parents of five children. Maria and Henry were divorced in 1824; she married the Marquis de Blaisel in 1826. <mask> (1800–1852), who married Marie-Charlotte Chartier de Lotbinière (1805-1866), Seigneuresse de Rigaud, in 1822. She was the second of the three daughters and heiresses of Michel-Eustache-Gaspard-Alain Chartier de Lotbinière, by his second wife Mary, daughter of Captain John Munro. They lived in Montreal, Paris and London; and were the parents of six children. <mask> settled in England and died in Kent in 1852. Although his wife and two daughters factored prominently in the social affairs of American politics, <mask>'s wife Anne died

masks:
Bingham
Bingham
Bingham
Bingham
Bingham
Bingham
Bingham
William Bingham
William Bingham
Bingham


texts:
 while his only son <mask> was one year old.<mask>. left <mask>. to grow up in America with his grandfather Thomas Willing. <mask> died on February 7, 1804, in Bath, England and is interred in Bath Abbey. His estate remained in the family until the death of <mask> Baring <mask> (1858-1915) but it was not settled until 1964. Portraits
<mask> commissioned artist Gilbert Stuart to paint the Lansdowne portrait, a 1796 full-length portrait of President George Washington that became a gift to Lord Lansdowne. As British Prime Minister, Lansdowne had secured a peaceful end to the American Revolutionary War, and the portrait was commissioned soon after the American approval of the Jay Treaty. Stuart also painted portraits of <mask>, his wife and children. See also
 Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
 List of wealthiest historical figures
 List of richest Americans in history

References

Further reading
Robert C. Alberts, The Golden Voyage: The Life and Times of <mask>, 1969, Houghton Mifflin.External links

Archival Collections
 Guide to the Land Grant to <mask>, Esq., for Property in Lycoming County from Thomas Mifflin, Governor of Pennsylvania. Special Collections and Archives, The UC Irvine Libraries, Irvine, California. Other

Biography at Virtualology.com
Biography and portrait at the University of Pennsylvania
 The <mask> Correspondence , including letters from 1791 to 1803, are available for research use at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. The Political Graveyard

1752 births
1804 deaths
Politicians from Philadelphia
People of colonial Pennsylvania
American people of English descent
Continental Congressmen from Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Federalists
Federalist Party United States senators from Pennsylvania
Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate
Speakers of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
Pennsylvania state senators
Colonial American merchants
18th-century American businesspeople
History of Broome County, New York
University of Pennsylvania alumni
Burials in Somerset
Members of the American Philosophical

masks:
William
William Sr
William Jr
Bingham
William Alexander
Bingham
Bingham
Bingham
William Bingham
William Bingham
William Bingham


texts:
<mask> (born c. 1877) was an American football player. He played at the fullback and quarterback positions for Princeton University from 1895 to 1898 and was selected as a member of the 1896 College Football All-America Team. Biography
A native of Haverford, Pennsylvania (located about 10 miles west of Philadelphia), <mask> was the son of Thomas E<mask>. <mask> attended the Haverford Grammar School followed by preparatory school at St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire. <mask> played fullback for the St. Paul's football team before enrolling at Princeton in 1895. <mask> was 5 feet, 9½ inches tall, and weighed 155 pounds in 1895, making him a light player even by the standards of the 1890s. As freshman, <mask> played on Princeton's varsity football team.A newspaper account in 1895 described the 18-year-old <mask> <mask> as "a good backer and an accurate drop kicker". As a sophomore in 1896, <mask> <mask> became a star at the fullback position. <mask> was "considered by Princeton men the best full-back in the country, both for long punts and drop tackling." A profile of <mask> <mask> under a headline calling him "the Star Player of Princeton's Football Team" was published in newspapers across the country. The profile described <mask>'s accomplishments: <mask> <mask>, the full back who has been accorded large credit for many of the victories won by the Princeton team this year, took his place in the eleven last year. His home is Haverford, Pa.  <mask> prepared for college at St. Paul's School, Concord, N.H., where <mask> played full back with the school eleven. When <mask> entered Princeton, he was given a trial at the same post.Here <mask> showed what was in him and played the position for all there was in it. His work was brilliant, and when the end of the season came he was acknowledged to be one of the best full backs that the Tigers ever had. This year his performances have been even more notable, and <mask> has been pronounced by competent critics the best full back on any American gridiron. <mask> is 5 feet, 10 inches in height. <mask> weighs 163 pounds and is 19 years old. <mask>'s greatest skill was as a kicker,

masks:
John Baird
Johnathan Baird
. Baird
Johnathan Baird
Johnathan Baird
John
John
Johnathan
Baird
Johnathan
Baird
John
Johnathan
Baird
Baird
Johnathan
Baird
John
John
John
John
John
Young Baird
John
Baird


texts: and by late in the season, newspapers were comparing <mask> to Snake Ames, Frank Hinkey, and the greatest fullbacks to play the game:<mask> will be the mainstay of the eleven and on his work at full back are based the hopes for victory over Yale. Harvard's defeat by Princeton showed the value of a kicking full back and <mask>'s efforts are conceded by all to have won the game.Football history for the past four years goes to show that teams with kicking full backs, are dangerous and most generally victorious elven to encounter ... Now Princeton appears on the gridiron with a full back superior to any claimed by college or university. How much better is <mask> than [Frank] Hinkey, time alone will tell, but that he is better no one can doubt. <mask> <mask> has more than fulfilled his freshman promises as a full back and is today the equal of Aleck Moffat, "Snake" Ames and other full backs well known to the Princeton enthusiasts. At the end of the season, <mask> <mask> was selected by both Walter Camp and Caspar Whitney as the fullback on their 1896 All-America teams. In 1897, <mask> <mask> was moved to the quarterback position. Initially, some questioned the decision to move the country's best fullback to a new position. One New Jersey newspaper wrote: "<mask> <mask>, who has played full back for the past two years, is very light, and, although <mask> worked all spring under experienced coachers, does not seem to take kindly to his new position."However, <mask> <mask> was injured and did not finish the 1897 season. At the end of the 1897 season, <mask> <mask>'s teammates voted him to be the captain of the 1898 Princeton football team. After his election as captain, <mask> <mask> gave a banquet to the members of the Princeton team. Despite being elected captain of the 1898 team, <mask> <mask> was unable to serve. In early 1898, <mask> <mask> was forced both from the football team and from the university due to illness. An 1898 newspaper account describes the circumstances of his withdrawal:[I]t was whispered some time ago that <mask> had not recovered his former hardiness. The latter who, when fit, is a wonderful football

masks: Baird Baird Baird Baird Johnathan Baird Johnathan Baird Johnathan Baird Johnathan Baird John Johnathan Baird Johnathan Baird Johnathan Baird Johnathan Baird Johnathan Baird Baird


texts:
 player, had an attack of tonsilitis a short time before the game at New Haven last fall, and should have been in bed on that day instead of putting on a foot ball uniform to play on a wet field.It will be recalled that his appearance created comment from the Princeton contingent, because he seemed hardly able to crawl. It was early in the first half when <mask> was practically exhausted, and later on was carried off the field. <mask> <mask> ultimately recovered from his illness, but enrolled in the U.S. Army during the Spanish–American War and was still serving in the military when the football season began. Upon the declaration of war, <mask> <mask> helped organize Battery A of the Pennsylvania Volunteers. According to the book Princeton in the Spanish–American War, twenty men from Princeton were recruited for Battery A "through the influence of <mask>  <mask>, who had been made a recruiting Corporal." The 1901 coaching staff was made up of five former Princeton All-Americans—head coach Langdon Lea and assistants <mask> <mask>, Jesse Riggs, Garrett Cochran and Addison Kelly. After graduating from Princeton in 1899, <mask> <mask> served for a time as one of the assistant coaches to the Princeton football team.<mask> <mask> was married to Edith Wain. In 1929, following the fame accorded to the Notre Dame backfield known as the "Four Horsemen," sports writer and football coach Don Miller opined that several backfields were greater. Miller pointed to Princeton's 1896 backfield as perhaps the best of all time. <mask> asked, "Who can say what fame a backfield such as that at Princeton in 1896 can be made up of Harry Smith, Billy Barnard, Ad Kelly and <mask> <mask> would have gained had it had the forward pass asset?" References

Year of birth uncertain
1870s births
Year of death missing
American football drop kickers
American football fullbacks
American football quarterbacks
19th-century players of American football
Princeton Tigers football players
All-American college football players
American military personnel of the Spanish–American War
People from Haverford Township, Pennsylvania
Players of American football from

masks: John Johnathan Baird Johnathan Baird Johnathan Baird Johnathan Baird Johnathan Baird Johnathan Baird John Johnathan Baird


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<mask> OAM (born 22 February 1966) is a former Australian politician. Grieg was an Australian Democrats member of the Australian Senate from 1999 to 2005, representing the state of Western Australia. Early life
<mask> was born in Fremantle, but his family moved to the small crayfishing village of Lancelin in 1970. He went to primary school there, but received secondary education as a boarder at  Hale School, Perth. He studied Arts (English Literature) at Murdoch University, where he became involved in student politics, elected to the Guild in 1988 and editor of student newspaper ‘Metior’. At university, Greig campaigned on the issue of student fees and, in 1986, helped re-establish the National Union of Students. He also began to get involved in gay rights activism during the 1990s, and for several years was spokesperson for Gay and Lesbian Equality (GALE), campaigning for the decriminalisation of homosexuality, anti-discrimination protections and partnership recognition for same-sex couples.Greig also helped establish the now defunct Australian Council for Lesbian and Gay Rights in 1993, the first national lobby of its kind focused on discriminatory commonwealth laws. Campaigns included the successful lifting of the homosexual ban in the military, and recognition of same-sex partner's right to carer's and bereavement leave. Political career
During the 1990s, Greig worked for a range of Australian Labor Party politicians, including Senator Peter Cook, Diana Warnock MLA and Opposition Leaders Ian Taylor MLA and Dr Carmen Lawrence MLA, but became disillusioned with Labor and joined the Democrats. He cited Labor's ‘weak’ commitment to LGBTI reform and was attracted to the work in this area by Democrats Senator Sid Spindler, at that time creating on a commonwealth Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity (SOGI)

masks:
Brian Andrew Greig
Greig


texts: Bill. Between 1995 and 1999, he was a local-government councillor in the City of Vincent, becoming the first openly gay person elected to public office in Western Australia. At the October 1998 federal election, aged 33, <mask> was elected to the Senate. He used his maiden speech to acknowledge his homosexuality, highlight existing areas of discrimination and called for a range of national reforms in this area.It is considered to be the first time a federal politician had spoken so openly and strongly in favour of LGBTI rights, and Grieg has been considered the first LGBTI rights activist elected to federal parliament. In August 2002, <mask> became interim leader of the Australian Democrats for six weeks following the ousting of former leader Natasha Stott Despoja by senators including the parties deputy, Aden Ridgeway. Ridgeway was expected to become the interim leader, though <mask>, a supported of Despoja, made a late challenge appealing to the Democrats governing National Executive to appoint him instead. <mask> has been considered to be the first openly gay leader of an Australian political party. <mask> was replaced in the resulting leadership ballot by Andrew Bartlett in October, 2002. In the Senate, <mask> had Democrat portfolio responsibilities for Attorney Generals, Justice and Customs; Family and Community Services; Transport; Resources; Fisheries; Disability and Sexuality Issues. He campaigned against internet censorship, and also served on the Joint Parliamentary Committee for the Australian Crime Commission and prompted it to investigate the trafficking of women into the Australian sex industry.<mask> is mostly remembered for his pursuit of LGBTI issues, raising questions with Ministers, moving same-sex amendments to government legislation and triggering speeches from all parties on how to

masks: Greig Greig Greig Greig Greig Greig Greig


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 remedy commonwealth inequality against same-sex couples. In 2003, the conservative Howard Government which had opposed his agenda, reluctantly agreed to one of his campaigns and ended discrimination against same-sex couples in private sector Superannuation death benefits. Along with Spindler's SOGI Bill, his advocacy across all areas of federal LGBTI discrimination has been credited with laying the foundations for the Rudd Government's ‘Same-Sex Relationships (Equal Treatment in Commonwealth Laws General Law Reform) Bill 2008. In 2004, just prior to the election being called, <mask> was one of only nine senators to vote against the ban on same-sex marriage by the Howard Government. That legislation triggered a movement for marriage equality that would last another 13 years. The ban was overturned in 2017 and <mask>'s pioneering speech and advocacy from 2004 was acknowledged by sitting senators and referenced in the media. During his term in office, Greig introduced three Private Member's Bills — one to outlaw genocide in Australia, another to eliminate discrimination against LGBTI people, and another to promote government use of open source software.All were blocked by the Liberal–National government. <mask> stood for re-election at the 2004 election, but lost his seat to Rachel Siewert of the Australian Greens. His term expired 30 June 2005. Post-political career

Since leaving parliament, <mask> has worked as a Communications Manager for the Real Estate Institute of Western Australia and in media operations for Anglicare WA and the Department of Fire and Emergency Services. He continues with social commentary in platforms such as On Line Opinion and Crikey, as well as publishing articles in mainstream media including for The Age and The Guardian. <mask> maintained his LGBTI advocacy, serving as the WA

masks: Greig Greig Greig Greig Greig


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 Representative to Australian Marriage Equality between 2013 and 2016 and is currently WA spokesperson for lobby group Just-Equal Australia. On 13 June 2011, <mask> was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia for service to the community as a social justice advocate for the gay and lesbian community.In 2019, Greig moved to Busselton WA. That year, he unsuccessfully stood for Busselton City Council in 2019. He is self-employed in consulting and works for the hospitality sector. He is chairperson of local LGBTI advocacy group Busselton Pride Alliance, and is also a founding member of the LGBTIQ advocacy group Just-Equal Australia. References

External links
Just-Equal Australia official website
Busselton Pride Alliance official website
Video: Senator <mask> Maiden Parliament Speech 1999
Video: Senator <mask>ig Valedictory Parliament Speech 2005

1966 births
Australian Democrats members of the Parliament of Australia
Australian people of Scottish descent
Gay politicians
LGBT rights activists from Australia
Living people
Western Australian local councillors
Members of the Australian Senate for Western Australia
People from Fremantle
LGBT legislators in Australia
People educated at Hale School
Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia
Leaders of the Australian Democrats
21st-century Australian politicians
20th-century Australian politicians
21st-century LGBT

masks:
Greig
Brian Greig
Brian Gre


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<mask> (Persian: بابک خرمدین, Bābak-e Khorramdin, from Middle Persian "Pāpak"/"Pābag", meaning "Young Father"; 795 or 798 – January 838) was one of the main Iranian revolutionary leaders of the Iranian Khorram-Dinān ("Those of the joyous religion"), which was a local freedom movement fighting the Abbasid Caliphate. Khorramdin appears to be a compound analogous to dorustdin "orthodoxy" and Behdin "Good Religion" (Zoroastrianism), and are considered an offshoot of neo-Mazdakism. Babak's Iranianizing rebellion, from its base in Azerbaijan in northwestern Iran, called for a return of the political glories of the Iranian past. The Khorramdin rebellion of Babak spread to the Western and Central parts of Iran and lasted more than twenty years before it was defeated when Babak was betrayed. Babak's uprising showed the continuing strength in Azerbaijan of ancestral Iranian local feelings. Etymology
Bābak () is a New Persian name meaning "father", which is derived from the Middle Persian Pāpak/Pābag (𐭯𐭠𐭯𐭪𐭩), a common name in pre-Islamic Iran and also the hereditary name of the Sasanian Empire, whose founder Ardashir I (), was the son of a prince named Pabag. The original name of Babak was al-Hasan.Background

<mask> was born in 795 (or 798) in Bilalabad in the Mimadh district of the Ardabil area, which was part of Azerbaijan, a region in north-western Iran. The Mimadh district had provided the Sasanian marzban ("margrave") of Ardabil with troops during the Muslim conquest of Iran in 633–654,

masks:
Bāk Khorramdin
Babak


texts: which resulted in the fall of the Sasanians and the conquest of Azerbaijan. The region was briefly occupied by the Khazars in 730–731, and had since the mid 8th century been under occupation by the Arab Rawadid clan. Azerbaijan was populated by an Iranian people known as the Adhari, who although closely related, were distinct from the Persians. They spoke Adhari, which according to the 10th-century geographer al-Maqdisi, was similar to Persian. <mask> was most likely himself not of pure Persian extraction, but of Adhari. His mother Mahru (meaning "Moon-Face") was a non-Muslim wet-nurse from Azerbaijan.She is described as being "one-eyed" in Muslim sources and furthermore, by Al-Tabari, as having become pregnant with her son after being raped by a mercenary. However, these stories are more than likely fabrications created by hostile authors in order to disgrace Babak. As for the identity <mask>'s father, there are also multiple conflicting accounts. Al-Waqidi, as quoted by Ibn Al-Nadim, states that he was an oil-seller from al-Mada'in (Ctesiphon), who had settled in Azerbaijan. Crone takes this to mean that he was of Aramean origin. However, Dinawari, a contemporary of <mask>, concludes and states that there is ample evidence to support that his father's true name was Mutahar, a descendant of Abu Muslim through his daughter, Fāṭema. C.E.Bosworth argues that more credence should be lent to this latter account, as other sources are hostile and are eager to propose lowly or otherwise less

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 honorable origins for Babak. In the other sources, his name is variably given as Abdallah, Merdas, Matar, Amir ibn Abdallah, or Amir ibn Ahad, all which suggest that he was seemingly a Muslim. Likewise, <mask>'s father is also the subject of derogatory fabrication in Muslim sources. Masudi noted in his ″Murūj al-dhahab wa maʿādin al-jawāhir″: ″What seems to us to be true and proven is that Bābak was a son of Moṭahhar, the son of Abū Moslem's daughter Fāṭema, and that the Fāṭemīya group of the Khurramites took their name from this Fāṭema, not from Fāṭema the daughter of God's Prophet″. The original faith of <mask> is uncertain; he was born with the Muslim name of al-Hasan, and his three brothers, Mu'awiya, Abdallah, and Ishaq, also had Muslim names. Having a Muslim name is not in itself proof of any religious beliefs, as it was not uncommon for people to have a Muslim name in order "to move freely in Muslim society by virtue of their high position in their own community, such as the Armenian princes" (Crone). According to Crone, who follows Al-Waqidi, <mask>'s parents were probably no more than landless villagers, but knew that Babak and his brothers' futures lay with the Arab warlords of Azerbaijan, and thus as a way of "adapting to the standards of new the world," raised them as Muslims.Early life

During <mask>'s youth, his travelling father was killed near Sabalan. Till the age of twelve, Babak worked as a cowherd, and afterwards entered the service of an Arab warlord named Shibl

masks: Babak Babak Babak Babak


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 ibn al-Muthanna al-Azdi in Sarab, where he worked as a groom and servant. The ghilman ("slaves") of Shibl taught Babak how to play the lute. Babak also learned to recite poetry, probably in the local Adhari dialect. According to the 11th-century writer Abu'l Ma'ali, Babak played the lute and sang songs for the locals whilst working as a fruit vendor in the village. Babak later established himself in the city of Tabriz. There he worked under another Arab warlord, Muhammad ibn Rawwad Azdi for two years, until he reached adulthood and left for his village, Bilalabad.There Babak encountered a wealthy and influential landlord named Javidhan, who was reportedly impressed with the latters cleverness, and as result recruited him into his service. Unlike the previous men <mask> had served, Javidhan was a local Iranian, and the leader of one of the two Khurramite movements in Azerbaijan. The leader of the other Khurramite movement was a certain Abu Imran, who often clashed with Javidhans forces. During one of the clashes, Abu Imran was defeated and killed, whilst Javidhan was mortally wounded, dying three days later. Javidhan was succeeded by <mask>, who had already converted to Khurramism under the latters service. It was most probably during this period that <mask> changed his name from al-Hasan to Babak. Movement

In 755, Abu Muslim was murdered.Although he had helped the Abbasids to defeat the former Caliphs, the Umayyad dynasty, the ruling Caliph had given the order to kill him, probably


texts:
 because of his increasing popularity among Iranians and non-Muslims. Many Iranians, who had expected more freedom and more rights from the new rulers, could not believe that their hero was killed by the ruling Caliph whom they had considered a friend of Iran and Iranians. This incident led to many revolts, mostly by angry Khurramiyyah (Khorram-Dinān) and some Zoroastrians. This, in turn, forced the Caliphs to use more violence against the Iranian population in order to keep the eastern provinces under control. The constant revolts did not come to an end in the following decades, and the Iranian population of the Caliphate was constantly being oppressed. Babak joined the Khurramiyyah (Khorram-Dinān). The story of joining the Khorrami movement is being told in Waqed's account, in summary, as follows:

Under the direction of his mentor Javidhan, a leader of one of the sects of the Khorramdin, Babak's knowledge of history, geography, and the latest battle tactics strengthened his position as a favorite candidate for commander during the early wars against the Arab occupiers.Bābak was a highly spiritual person who respected his Zoroastrian heritage. He made every possible effort to bring Iranians together and also with leaders such as Maziar to form a united front against the Arab Caliph. According to the medieval historian, Ibn Esfandyar, who composed the book Tarikh-e Tabaristan (History of Tabaristan), Maziar said:

However, one of the most dramatic periods in the history of Iran was set


texts:
 under Bābak's leadership between 816–837. During these most crucial years, they not only fought against the Caliphate, but also for the preservation of Persian language and culture. After the death of Javidhan, <mask> married Javidhan's wife and became the Khorramis' leader, sometime in the year 816–17 during al-Ma'mun's reign. Babak incited his followers to rebel against the caliphate. According to Vladimir Minorsky, around the 9th–10th century:

At that time of Babak, there were Khorramis scattered in many regions of Iran, besides Adharbayjan, reportedly in Tabarestan, Khorasan, Balkh, Isfahan, Kashan, Qom, Ray, Karaj, Hamadan, Lorestan, Khuzestan as well as in Basra, and Armenia.Tabari records that <mask> claimed he possessed Javadan's spirit and that <mask> became active in 816–817. In 819–820 Yahya ibn Mu'adh fought against <mask>, but could not defeat him. Two years later <mask> vanquished the forces of Isa ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Khalid. In 824–825 the caliphal general Ahmad ibn al Junayd was sent against <mask>. Babak defeated and captured him. In 827–828 Muhammad ibn Humayd Tusi was dispatched to fight <mask>. He won a victory and sent some captured enemy, but not Babak, to al-Ma'mun.However, about two years later, on June 9, 829, <mask> won a decisive victory over this general at Hashtadsar. Muhammad ibn Humayd lost his life. Many of his soldiers were killed. The survivors fled in disarray. <mask>'s victories over Arab generals were associated with his possession of Badd fort and

masks: Babak Babak Babak Babak Babak Babak Babak Babak Babak


texts: inaccessible mountain stronghold according to the Arab historians who mentioned that his influence also extended even to the territories of today's Azerbaijan - ″southward to near Ardabil and Marand, eastward to the Caspian Sea and the Shamakhi district and Shervan, northward to the Muqan (Moḡan) steppe and the Aras river bank, westward to the districts of Jolfa, Nakjavan, and Marand”. In 835–836 the caliph al-Mu'tasim sent his outstanding general Afshin against <mask>. Afshin rebuilt fortresses.He employed a relay system to protect supply caravans. Babak tried to capture the money being sent to pay Afshin's army, but was himself surprised, lost many men and barely escaped. He did succeed in capturing some supplies and inflicting some hardship on his enemies. Amongst Babak's commander, various names have been mentioned including Azin, Rostam, Tarkhan, Mua’wiyah and Abdullah. The next year Babak routed the forces of Afshin's subordinate, Bugha al-Kabir. In 837–838 al-Mu'tasim reinforced Afshin and provided him clear military instructions. Patiently following these enabled Afshin to capture Babak's stronghold of Badhdh.Babak escaped. Al-Mu'tasim sent a safety guarantee for Babak to Afshin. This was taken to Babak who was very displeased. He said: "Better to live for just a single day as a ruler than to live for forty years as an abject slave." He decided to leave the country for the Byzantine Empire and on his way Babak met Sahl Smbatean (Sahl ibn Sunbat in Arab sources), Prince of


texts:
 Khachen, who was Armenian due to the Armenian historiography and Caucasian Albanian due to the Adharbayjani historiography. Sahl Smbatian, however, handed Babak over to Afshin in return for a large reward. Al-Mu'tasim commanded his general to bring Babak to him.Afshin informed <mask> of this and told him since <mask> might never return, this was the time to take a last look around. At <mask>'s request, Afshin allowed his prisoner to go to Badhdh. There <mask> walked through his ruined stronghold one night until dawn. Eventually, Bābak, his wife, and his warriors were forced to leave Ghaleye Bābak after 23 years of constant campaigns. Death
He was eventually betrayed by Afshin and was handed over to the Abbasid Caliph. During Bābak's execution, the Caliph's henchmen first cut off his legs and hands in order to convey the most devastating message to his followers. The legend says that Bābak bravely rinsed his face with the drained blood pouring out of his cuts, thus preventing the Caliph and the rest of the Abbasid army from seeing his pale face, a result of the heavy loss of blood.He was then gibbeted alive whilst sewn into a cow's skin with the horns at ear level to gradually crush his head as it dried out. Legacy

<mask> <mask> was not well known outside academia until the 20th century; however, due to Soviet nation building efforts and <mask>'s following of teaching of Mazdak with its proto-socialist themes, <mask> <mask> was proclaimed a national hero in the Azerbaijan Soviet

masks: Babak Babak Babak Babak Babak Khorramdin Babak Babak Khorramdin


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 Socialist Republic. For example, the Soviet era scholar Ziya Bunyadov, claimed that "Babak was a national hero of Azerbaijani people" while the Russian ethnologist, historian and anthropologist Victor Schnirelmann dismisses Bunyadov's theory, criticizing Bunyadov for not mentioning that Babak spoke Persian, and ignoring the witness accounts of Babak's contemporaries who call him Persian. To this day, in the modern Republic of Azerbaijan, <mask> is a cult figure and celebrated as a national hero. In modern Iran, due to the rise of nationalism in the 20th century, and renewed interest in pre-Islamic Iran, <mask> <mask> was rediscovered during the reign of Reza Shah, and is celebrated as a national hero. However, <mask> remains a controversial figure in the Islamic Republic, whose idolization is criticized by some Shia clerics. References

Sources

790s births
838 deaths
Iranian Zoroastrians
Iranian rebels
9th-century executions by the Abbasid Caliphate
8th-century Iranian people
9th-century Iranian people
Rebellions against the Abbasid Caliphate
Khurramites
Azerbaijan under the Abbasid Caliphate
Converts to

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<mask> (1895–1979) was a Presbyterian minister active for more than 50 years in civil rights, race relations, and labor advocacy. He worked with the Southern Tenant Farmers Union, founded the People's Institute for Applied Religion, and served as the national vice president of the American Federation of Teachers. He was also the director of Commonwealth College in Mena, Arkansas, from 1937–1939. As a young fundamentalist preacher in the rural South, <mask>' initial motivation was the spiritual salvation of his parishioners, or in his words, to “save their never-dying, ever-precious souls from the devil’s hell eternal.” This motivation later evolved into a quest for social justice for the poor throughout society, leading to confrontations with white supremacists and lifelong charges of Communist activities. As <mask> put it, “I’ve been run out of the best communities, fired from the best churches, and flogged by the best citizens of the South.”

Early life

<mask> was born in rural Weakley County, Tennessee. His parents, Jess and <mask>, were sharecroppers and members of the fundamentalist Cumberland Presbyterian Church. <mask> enlisted in the army in 1916.He became a drill sergeant and trainer of draftees, re-enlisting in 1919. After leaving the army in 1921 he entered Bethel College, a small Cumberland Presbyterian seminary. While studying for the ministry he became an accomplished evangelical preacher. At Bethel he met Joyce King, a missionary student from Mississippi, whom he married in 1922. After graduating from Bethel in 1924, <mask> gained his first pastorate at a Presbyterian church in Auburntown, Tennessee. Career Transition

In 1927, <mask> read Harry Emerson Fosdick's Modern Use of the Bible. Fosdick interpreted the Bible as a militant social text, de-emphasizing a literalist interpretation and

masks:
Claude Clossey Williams
Williams
Williams
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Minnie Bell Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams


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 advocating societal progress and change.<mask> credited this book as a turning point in his life. <mask> was also influenced by seminars held by Dr. Alva W. Taylor at the Vanderbilt School of Religion. Taylor was a noted social activist and proponent of the Social Gospel, a movement that applied Christian ethics to social problems. At Vanderbilt the concept of Jesus as the “Son of Man” made a profound impression on <mask>. Referring to Dr. Taylor, <mask> said, “He cleared the debris of theological crap and let Him rise among us as a challenging human leader.”

In 1930, the Presbytery assigned <mask> to a small church located in Paris, Arkansas. The church community consisted of poor miners, sharecroppers, and a few black families. <mask> was determined to organize local miners, and through his efforts the congregation grew rapidly.However, church and community leaders were opposed to the influx of impoverished workers from surrounding areas, and were shocked by the prospect of mixed race services. As a result, the Presbytery removed <mask> from the church. In 1935, <mask> was assigned to a church in Fort Smith, Arkansas. Here <mask> and eight others were arrested for organizing a hunger march for unemployed workers. He was fined one hundred dollars, served ninety days in jail, and was tried for heresy by the Presbytery. After his release from prison, <mask> went to Little Rock, Arkansas where he trained sharecroppers and other workers as grassroots organizers. In 1936 <mask> founded the New Era School for Social Action and Prophetic Religion.He also worked with the Southern Tenant Farmers Union to raise funds and promote schools. During this time <mask> also served as vice-president of the American Federation of Teachers. In June 1936, while traveling to Memphis to prepare the funeral for a black

masks: Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams


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 sharecropper who had been beaten to death, <mask> was stopped by five sheriff's deputies and was himself severely beaten. Afterward he was forced to sign a statement that he hadn't been hurt, and was not allowed to continue to Memphis. In 1937, <mask> was appointed director of Commonwealth College in Mena, Arkansas. He remained in that position for two years, resigning in 1939 after accusations of Communist sympathies. The PIAR and Detroit

In 1940, <mask> reorganized his New Era school as the People's Institute of Applied Religion (PIAR).The PIAR organized rural farmers and industrial workers, using <mask>' skills as a minister to reach workers through their religious beliefs. The organization worked closely with the sharecropper movement and supported CIO activism in the South. The PIAR received support from Reinhold Niebuhr and Harry Ward, the Methodist Federation for Social Action, the Church League for Industrial Democracy, and the National Religion and Labor Foundation. <mask> attempted to blend religious piety with social activism. As he noted in later years:

“We were realistic, or at least we tried to be. We discovered that the fact that people believed in the Bible literally could be used to an advantage….Being so-called fundamentalists, accepting the Bible verbatim, had nothing whatsoever to do with a person’s understanding of the issues that related to bread and meat, raiment, shelter, jobs and civil liberties. Therefore, our approach was not an attempt to supplant their present mindset, but to supplement it with a more horizontal frame of reference.And we found that supplementing and supplanting turned out to be the same thing.”

The message of the PIAR was spread by a network of black and white preachers using visual aid charts and sermon outlines, presenting biblically-based aspects of

masks: Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams


texts:
 social justice in simple terms. In 1942, the Detroit Presbytery asked <mask> to become an “industrial chaplain” ministering to the needs of southerners who had come north to work in the auto plants. <mask> brought his PIAR organization along, and spent three years working with laborers, unions, and the black community. Accused by Gerald L. K. Smith and others of Communist activities, <mask> was fired by the Presbytery in 1945. Later career

In 1946, <mask> returned south to Birmingham, Alabama, where he established a Bible training program and continued his work with the PIAR. In 1953 <mask> was again accused of being a Communist, this time by the House Un-American Activities Committee. A subsequent trial by the Detroit Presbytery did not address the issue of Communism but did find <mask> guilty of heresy.He was defrocked as a minister and not reinstated until 1965. Final Years

During the 1950s and 1960s, <mask> was active in the civil rights movement, working to register black voters, organize protests against police brutality, and help black farmers keep their land. Living with his wife in their trailer home near the rural community of Alabaster south of Birmingham, <mask>’ financial support came from funds raised by the Claude Williams Committee. <mask>' wife died in 1976. He continued work until his own death in 1979. References

Further reading

External links
 Cumberland Presbyterian Church ministers
 Hard Times at StudsTerkel.org
 <mask> papers at the Walter P. Reuther Library in Detroit. Excerpts from Angela Dillard's Faith in the City
 1954 Time magazine article

1895 births
1979 deaths
People from Weakley County, Tennessee
20th-century Christian clergy
American Presbyterian ministers
American anti-racism activists
Leaders of American trade unions
Southern Tenant Farmers Union

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Williams
Williams
Williams
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<mask> (January 10, 1928 – February 14, 2015) was an American poet best known for his poems about working-class Detroit. He taught for more than thirty years in the English department of California State University, Fresno and held teaching positions at other universities as well. He served on the Board of Chancellors of the Academy of American Poets from 2000 to 2006, and was appointed Poet Laureate of the United States for 2011–2012. Biography
<mask> grew up in industrial Detroit, the second of three sons and the first of identical twins of Jewish immigrant parents. His father, <mask>, owned a used auto parts business, his mother, Esther Priscol (Pryszkulnik) <mask>, was a bookseller. When <mask> was five years old, his father died. While growing up, he faced the anti-Semitism embodied by Father Coughlin, the pro-Nazi radio priest.In high school, a teacher told him, “You write like an angel. Why don't you think about becoming a writer?“ At this point, he was already working at night in auto factories, though just 14 years old. Detroit Central High School graduated him in 1946, and he went to college at Wayne University (now Wayne State University) in Detroit, where he began to write poetry, encouraged by his mother, to whom he dedicated the book of poems The Mercy. <mask> earned his A.B. in 1950 and went to work for Chevrolet and Cadillac in what he called "stupid jobs." The work, he later wrote, was “so heavy and monotonous that after an hour or two I was sure each night that I would never last the shift.”

He married his first wife, Patty Kanterman, in 1951. The marriage lasted until 1953.In 1953, he attended the University of Iowa without registering, studying with, among others, poets Robert Lowell and John Berryman, the latter of whom <mask> called his "one great mentor." In 1954, he earned a mail-order master's degree with a thesis on John Keats' "Ode to

masks:
Philip Levine
Philip Levine
Harry Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine


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 Indolence," and married actress Frances J. Artley. He returned to the University of Iowa teaching technical writing, and completed his Master of Fine Arts degree in 1957. The same year, he was awarded the Jones Fellowship in Poetry at Stanford University. In 1958, he joined the English department at California State University, Fresno, where he taught until his retirement in 1992. He also taught at many other universities, among them New York University as Distinguished Writer-in-Residence, Columbia, Princeton, Brown, Tufts, Vanderbilt, and the University of California, Berkeley. <mask> and his wife had made their homes in Fresno and Brooklyn Heights.He died of pancreatic cancer on February 14, 2015, age 87. Work
The familial, social, and economic world of twentieth-century Detroit is one of the major subjects of <mask>'s work. His portraits of working class Americans and his continuous examination of his Jewish immigrant inheritance (both based on real life and described through fictional characters) has left a testimony of mid-twentieth century American life. <mask>'s working experience lent his poetry a profound skepticism with regard to conventional American ideals. In his first two books, On the Edge (1963) and Not This Pig (1968), the poetry dwells on those who suddenly become aware that they are trapped in some murderous processes not of their own making. In 1968, <mask> signed the “Writers and Editors War Tax Protest” pledge, vowing to refuse to make tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War. In his first two books, <mask> was somewhat traditional in form and relatively constrained in expression.Beginning with They Feed They Lion, typically <mask>'s poems are free-verse monologues tending toward trimeter or tetrameter. The music of <mask>'s poetry depends on tension between his line-breaks and his syntax. The title poem of <mask>'s book 1933 (1974) is an

masks: Levine Levine Levine Levine Levine Levine Levine Levine


texts:
 example of the cascade of clauses and phrases one finds in his poetry. Other collections include The Names of the Lost, A Walk with Tom Jefferson, New Selected Poems, and the National Book Award-winning What Work Is. On November 29, 2007 a tribute was held in New York City in anticipation of <mask>'s eightieth birthday. Among those celebrating <mask>'s career by reading <mask>'s work were Yusef Komunyakaa, Galway Kinnell, E. L. Doctorow, Charles Wright, Jean Valentine and Sharon Olds. <mask> read several new poems as well.Near the end of his life, <mask>, an avid jazz aficionado, collaborated with jazz saxophonist and composer Benjamin Boone  on the melding of his poetry and narration with music. The resulting CD, “The Poetry of Jazz” (Origin Records 82754), was released posthumously on March 16, 2018. It contains fourteen of <mask>'s poems and performances by <mask> and Boone as well as jazz greats Chris Potter, Greg Osby, and Tom Harrell . "Interlochen Center for the Arts", Interview with Interlochen Arts Academy students on March 17, 1977. References

External links

2012 <mask> interview at Words on a Wire
<mask> on America's Workers, Moyers & Company, December 27, 2013
Correspondence with Gerald Stern

1928 births
2015 deaths
20th-century American poets
21st-century American poets
American Poets Laureate
American academics of English literature
California State University, Fresno faculty
Iowa Writers' Workshop alumni
Jewish American poets
Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters
National Book Award winners
New York University faculty
Poets from California
Pulitzer Prize for Poetry winners
The New Yorker people
University of Houston faculty
Wayne State University alumni
Writers from Detroit
20th-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
People from Brooklyn Heights
Central High School (Detroit) alumni
21st-century

masks:
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Phillip Levine


texts:
<mask> (1 April 1927 – 26 July 2011) was an Indian scientist in the field of gerontology and neuroscience as well as a teacher of molecular biology and biochemistry. He is known for his theories on how gene expression changes with age and the role of this phenomenon in ageing, which is a widely accepted as "Gene expression theory of Aging". In recognition of his contributions, he was awarded India's fourth highest civilian award, Padma Shri in 2005. He held the post of BHU Emeritus professor in zoology at the Banaras Hindu University and was also the Chancellor, Nagaland University till his death. Education
He completed his Bachelors in Science from Utkal University in the year 1949. After that he moved to Lucknow University from where he completed his MSc in Zoology in 1951. After a short tenure of doing research at Lucknow university followed by serving as a lecturer in Zoology at the Ravenshaw College, Cuttack, he went to the University of Illinois (Urbana), US for advanced studies.He has completed his PhD on Physiology under the famous scientist Prof. Clifford Ladd Prosser from University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, US in 1959 where he worked on the physiological and biochemical adaptation of goldfish to temperature variation and studied its effect on oxygen consumption under both normal and experimental conditions. He also studied oxygen consumption and oxidative phosphorylation of liver mitochondria of goldfish as a part of the same study. Professional life
He started his early life as a lecturer in Zoology, Ravenshaw College, Cuttack. He then joined Utkal University in Feb. 1961 as a Reader in Zoology and continued teaching for a year. He joined the Department of Zoology at Banaras Hindu University and served as a reader (1962–69) and as a professor (1970–87). He was Head, Department of Zoology (1974–76 and 1980–82), Coordinator of the Center of Advanced Study, and Dean, Faculty of Science (1986) at Banaras Hindu University. Professor <mask> was founder

masks:
Madhu Sudan Kanungo
Kanungo


texts: Director of Institute of Lifesciences, Bhubaneswar in 1989, established by Government of Odisha which was taken over by Department of Biotechnology, Government of India in 2002 and declared a National Centre for excellence in 2003.He served as Emeritus Professor of Banaras Hindu University from 1993 to 2011. He was an active and popular teacher of physiology and biochemistry at Banaras Hindu University for more than 40 years. For research, he took up the problem of ageing to find out the biochemical and molecular changes that occur in the brain and other organs of the rat as a function of age. He made the following original and important findings: not only the levels of several enzymes decrease, but also their isoenzymes change with increasing age; the decrease in their levels can be prevented by administration of steroid hormones whose receptors are present in the brain; decrease in enzyme levels is due to increasing compaction of chromatin that prevents acetylation of histones and decreases transcription; he proposed a model for ageing and showed that trans-acting protein factors that bind to cis-acting elements in the promoter of genes change with age. As signals from the brain cause expression of neurotransmitters in the brain, the neurotransmitter receptors (NT), both excitatory and inhibitory, change with age; also enzymes necessary for synthesis of NT change during the life span of the rat. <mask> was the founder director of the Institute of Life Sciences of Government of Odisha at Bhubaneswar. He worked hard with the then chief minister of Odisha, Biju Patnaik, for establishing the institute during the late 1980s which is now a DBT Institute.Until his death Prof. M. S<mask> continued working on topics such as expression of genes and proteins involved in neurotransmission and recycling of neurotransmitters in the brain as a function of age;studying genes and proteins to understand the molecular mechanism involved in the process of learning and memory during

masks:
Kanungo
. Kanungo


texts:
 ageing;expression of genes involved in formation of blood brain barrier (BBB) as a function of age and under different types of stress. Promotion of gerontology
<mask> was the founder president (1981–88) and patron (1989–2011) of the Association of Gerontology of India (AGI), which had three components: biological, socio-psychological and medical for research and planning on the ageing and the elderly. He was also an active member of the National Council for Older Persons (N. C. O. P.) of Govt. of India, Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment from 1999–2011, which proposed the National Initiative for Care of Elderly (NICE) policy. M. S<mask>'s devotion and dedication to teaching and research in the field of physiology & biochemistry and ageing was absolute
His publications and lectures on ageing have brought into focus the importance of the problem of Gerontology, and the field has been accepted as a thrust area for research and teaching since the 1970s by several scientific agencies like UGC, CSIR, ICMR, DST and DBT. He has also received grants from International agencies like the Nuffield Foundation, London, UK and PL-480, US. Also, scientists in several Universities and Research Institutes in India have taken up this problem for research.Prof.<mask> founded the Association of Gerontology (India) – AGI – with headquarters at Banaras Hindu University in 1982.AGI covers the three main areas of Gerontology: biological, medical and socio-psychological. Moreover, Prof. <mask> has popularised the subject of Gerontology by writing popular articles on Ageing in Science Today, Science Reporter, etc.and by giving lectures at various Institutes and Universities. The subject is being taught as a course in various universities, both in Science and Humanities. He had published 139 papers in the area of 'Biology of Ageing' and two single authored books: ‘Biochemistry of Ageing’ (Academic Press, U. K., 1980; translated into Russian) and ‘Genes and Aging’ (Cambridge Univ.

masks:
Kanungo
. Kanungo
Kanungo
Kanungo


texts:
 Press, U. K., 1994). His research group in ageing is internationally well known. He had proposed a theory and a model on ageing in 1975, which is known as ‘Gene Regulation Theory of Aging’.His research has shown how activities of many physiological/metabolic enzymes, chromatin structure and its post-translational modifications and function(s) as well as expression of genes change during the ageing process in mammals and birds. Books written
 Genes & Aging, Cambridge University Press, (1993) ,
 Biochemistry of Aging, Academic Press, London, (1980) ,

Awards
 Padma Shri (2005)
 SS Bhatnagar Prize (Biology) (1971)
 Jawaharlal Nehru Fellowship (1987)
 Golden Jubilee Commemoration medal, INSA (1992)
 Sir Sriram memorial Oration award, National Academy of Medical Sciences, (1998)
 Fellowship of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI)(1989)
 Third Age Award-14th International Congress of Gerontology, Mexico (1989)
 Fellow of Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi (1975)
 Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore (1975)
 National Academy of Sciences, Allahabad (1989)
 National Academy of Medical Sciences, India (1996)
 Indian Academy of Neuroscience (2008)
 National Fellow (1976–77)
 National Lecturer (1982) of UGC
 Emeritus Scientist of C. S. I. R. (1989–94)
 Senior Scientist INSA (1995–99)
 Chancellor of Nagaland University (2009–2011)

References

External links
 Dept. of Zoology, Teaching and Non-Teaching Staff, Banaras Hindu University

1927 births
2011 deaths
Indian medical academics
Indian gerontologists
Banaras Hindu University faculty
Utkal University alumni
University of Lucknow alumni
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign alumni
Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering
Medical doctors from Odisha
Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy
Fellows of The National Academy of Sciences, India
Jawaharlal Nehru Fellows
Indian neurologists
20th-century Indian medical doctors
Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Biological


texts:
<mask> (1817–1893) was an American engineer and businessman. He was Atlanta's quintessential railroad man as well as a major landowner and civic leader. In railroads he served as a laborer, chief engineer, speculator and executive all over the South. As part of his speculation, he owned enormous tracts of land in strategic areas. For example, at one point he owned more than  in what is now Atlanta. He designed and built Atlanta's defenses during the American Civil War and afterwards became an important civic leader: donating the land for Grant Park, Atlanta's first large park, and serving as councilman and on various boards and committees. His mansion is one of only four remaining original antebellum houses in the city of Atlanta.Early career
<mask> <mask> was born at Frankfort, Maine, on August 11, 1817. He grew up on a farm and between twelve and nineteen years of age worked on the farm and in a village store. When nineteen years old, he became a rodman in the Engineer Corps of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, then under construction. By study and hard work, he made his way and in one year became assistant engineer. In 1840, he was given the position of assistant engineer of the Georgia Railroad, under John Edgar Thomson, the chief engineer. His part of engineers located the line between Madison and Atlanta in 1840. In 1841, he became assistant in the engineer corps of the Central Railroad, of which L.O.Reynolds was the chief engineer, but in 1843 returned to the Georgia Railroad and served it until the grading was completed to Marthasville. By 1844 he was buying large tracts of Atlanta real estate, mainly in the

masks:
Lemuel Pratt Grant
Lemuel
Pratt Grant


texts: Third Ward. Two of LP's grandsons Laurel and Bryan, Sr. were successful real estate brokers and developers. In 1845, L.P<mask> became the chief engineer and superintendent of the Montgomery and West Point Railroad and remained with that road until 1848, when its track was laid as far as Opelika, Alabama. He then again returned to the services of the Georgia Railroad, this time as resident engineer, which position he held until 1853. for two years of that period he was also chief engineer of the Atlanta and West Point Railroad. From 1853 to 1858, he was engaged in railroad construction contracts in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas. In 1858, he was elected president of the Southern Pacific Company of Texas, and was succeeded by J. Edgar Thompson in 1859.In 1859 and 1860, he was engaged as engineer of surveys and location of proposed roads in Alabama and Georgia but those were suspended on the approach of the [Civil] war. In 1862, [C.S.A] Colonel <mask> was appointed a captain of engineers for the Confederacy and retained that position to the end of the [Civil] War. His most important work was the construction of the defensive works around Atlanta and Augusta. From October, 1866 to 1881, Colonel <mask> was in charge of the Atlanta and West Point Railroad as General Superintendent. For a time, he was President of the Georgia Western Road, later the Georgia Pacific, and now the Southern Railway's line [source written in 1934] from Atlanta to Birmingham. In 1875, he was appointed receiver for the Georgia part of the Atlanta and Charlotte Air Line with about 100 miles of track. In 1881, he became President of the Atlanta and

masks:
. Grant
Grant
Grant


texts: West Point Railroad and two years later, President of the Western Railroad of Atlanta.Both positions he held until 1887. In 1844 and 1846, when Atlanta was known as Marthasville, Colonel <mask> bought land lots 52, 53, and 44, containing about six hundred acres. For one of those lots he is said to have paid a dollar and a half per acre. That land was later worth an immense sum. In 1883, Colonel <mask> gave the City [of Atlanta] a later purchase containing [over] 100 acres of beautiful land for park purposes. It is known as Grant Park, and the City [of Atlanta] has added to his original gift by the purchase of some adjoining land. Colonel <mask> was an early advocate of the Public School System and a member of the first Board of Education elected in 1869.He was also a charter member of the Young Men's Library and its first life member. From 1860, Colonel <mask> was a member of Central Presbyterian Church and took an active part in its work. He was married in December 1843, to Miss Laura Loomis Williams, a daughter of Ammi Williams. She died in 1879, leaving four children. In 1881, he married Mrs. Jane L. Crew of Atlanta. John Armstrong <mask>, a railroad manager of Texas and early founding member of Grady Hospital, was the son of the first marriage. Colonel L.P<mask> is of no relation to either of the persons named John T<mask> or John W<mask>, nor their descendants.It is but a happy coincidence that Bryan M<mask>, Sr, and John W<mask>, were both successful Atlanta real estate developers and were also contemporaneous colleagues to one another. Of further note, there is no printed reference about L.P<mask> ever coming to

masks:
Grant
Grant
Grant
Grant
Grant
. Grant
. Grant
. Grant
. Grant
. Grant
. Grant


texts:
 prominence by working as a laborer on the Georgia Railroad, working for the Fannin Company, or working for any companies based in Augusta Ga. There are many erroneous statements in railroad related articles about these relationships. One can only imagine that there being several prominent <mask>s, and not of the same family, that some confusion has persisted down through the years. The cited reference  of Walter Cooper's Official History of Fulton County was written by an appointment by the Georgia Grant Jury "in Pursuance to Legislative Action" and published in 1934. The History Commission of that time was composed of Ivan Allen, Chairman, Henry C. Peeples, Dr. Louie D. Newton, Miss Ella May Thornton, and Miss Alice Baxter. In 1843 <mask> invested in land in what is now southeast Atlanta, paying from $.75 to $2 an acre, and built his home in the center of his 600+ acres.In 1883, he donated  east and southeast of his mansion to the city for a park on condition that would be open and available free of charge to residents of any race, creed or color. His family then developed the surrounding neighborhoods, as evidenced by street signs named after family and friends of the family (Bryan Street, Grant Street, Loomis Street, Broyles Street, etc.). Lake Abana, where the zoo food court now exists below the panda exhibit, would have been witness to a crowd of bathers of any race, racial segregation not descending upon Atlanta until a decade or two later. During this idyllic period of relative stability of racial tension, <mask> opened a trolley line between downtown and the park. Banker
On January 27, 1857, <mask> founded the

masks: Grant Grant Grant Grant


texts:
 Atlanta Bank with John Mims, William Ezzard, Clark Howell, Sr., Jonathan Norcross, Richard Peters, Joseph Winship and N.L. Angier. They were warned of Chicagoan George Smith who was planning on flooding Midwest banks with Georgia currency so avoided that scandal but eventually went broke and their charter was revoked in 1856.<mask> would try banking again in the 1870s. Heading west
In 1853, he and John T<mask> headed to New Orleans to work on the Cotton Belt Railroad (then the Jackson and Great Northern Railroad). In 1857, Fannin, Grant & Co  [These possibly the Athens Ga Grants, JT and WD Grant, contractors. Neither are related to LP Grant.] as became contractors to the Southern Pacific Railroad to link Marshall, Texas, to the West Coast, and the next year <mask> P<mask> was named president of Southern Pacific. Back in Atlanta in 1860, he and Richard Peters pushed a Georgia Western Railroad against Jonathan Norcross's Air Line. From 1853 to 1858, he was engaged in railroad construction contracts in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas.In 1858, he was elected president of the Southern Pacific Company of Texas, and was succeeded by J. Edgar Thompson in 1859. Civil War
Before the American Civil War, <mask> gave land on Jenkins Street for Atlanta's first black church, Bethel Church (now Big Bethel Baptist Church), and defended the church's right to the property after the war. The beginning of the war saw <mask> still in Louisiana. In February 1861, Fannin, Grant & Co sold out to the Southern Pacific, and <mask> returned to Atlanta. After the Vicksburg Campaign, Confederate Chief of the Engineer Bureau Jeremy Gilmer contacted

masks:
Grant
. Grant
Lemuel
. Grant
Grant
Grant
Grant


texts:
 him to survey possible enemy crossings of the Chattahoochee River, and defensive works were begun in August, 1863. <mask> explained that the fortification of Atlanta would be as difficult as that of Richmond, Virginia. <mask> planned a series of 17 redoubts forming a  circle over  out from the center of town.It was bounded on the north on high ground (present location of the Fox Theatre), on the west by Ashby Street, on the south by McDonough Drive and on the east by Grant Park. Gilmer inspected the completed work in December 1863. Because of how the Battle of Atlanta unfolded, these fortifications were never really put to the test, the city's Mayor Calhoun capitulating to the siege after the railways to Macon were seized by Union forces and Confederate General John Bell Hood was forced to destroy his ammunition train after the Union victory at Jonesborough. After the war
The most important shopping area in town was Broad Street and Market Street which were separated by the railroads. A wooden bridge had been built to span the distance; when it burned, <mask> designed and built a new one which was completed in July 1865. He was superintendent of the Western & Atlantic and Atlanta & West Point Railroads. In June 1867, he was on the first committee to name streets in Atlanta with Winship and former mayor William Ezzard.In 1870, he was part of the committee to lure Oglethorpe University to Atlanta from Midway. In 1873, he organized the Bank of the State of Georgia. Throughout the 1870s he represented the Third Ward in council and served on the Atlanta Board of Education and in the 1880s he served as water commissioner

masks: Grant Grant Grant


texts: [Correction: His son John A, served as water commissioner ]. In 1882 he donated roughly  in Land Lot 43 for Grant Park, current home of the Cyclorama and ZooAtlanta, later named in his honor, and the deed was issued May 17, 1883. In 1884, he chartered Westview Cemetery with former mayor James W. English where he was buried after his death in 1893, a highly respected founding father of Atlanta. <mask> married Laura Loomis Williams, daughter of prominent DeKalb County businessman Ammi Williams, in 1843. They had four children: John Armstrong <mask>, Myra B.<mask>, <mask> <mask>, Jr., and Letitia "Lettie" H<mask>. He is survived by several descendants who currently reside in the Atlanta area and elsewhere. Of note, Bryan M. "Bitsy" <mask>, Jr. is his great grandson, and achieved many remarkable feats as a world-renowned tennis athlete, honored in several Halls of Fame, including the International Tennis Hall of Fame. The City of Atlanta recognized him during the 1950s by naming a premier tennis center in his honor on Northside Parkway, Bitsy Grant Tennis Center. <mask> P. <mask> Mansion is one of only three antebellum houses within the current city limits of Atlanta that are still standing in their original locations, and is by far the closest to the city limits in the 1860s. The mansion was owned by <mask> P<mask>, Atlanta's quintessential railroad man as well as a major landowner and civic leaderafter. <mask> donated the land for Grant Park, which was named for him.The three-story mansion was built in Italianate style in 1856. Union troops burning Atlanta in 1864 spared it because Masonic paraphernalia was found there, and

masks:
Family Grant
Grant
Grant
Lemuel
Pratt Grant
. Grant
Grant
Grantmuel
Grant
Lemuel
. Grant
Grant


texts:
 the troops had been instructed not to harm the homes of Masons. In December 2001, the Atlanta Preservation Center purchased the house for $109,000; restoration of, and improvements to the house and grounds are ongoing. Bobby Jones, the legendary golfer, was born in this home while the Jones family was in town visiting from Canton, GA.

L.P<mask>'s great grandson, Bryan M. "Bitsy" <mask>, the famed tennis player named to the International Tennis Hall of Fame, grew up in this home until the family moved to Ansley Park along 17th Street. Bobby Jones, grandson, Bobby Jones IV is an Anglican priest in Athens Ga.

References
Sarah Wadley diary

External links

1817 births
1893 deaths
19th-century American railroad executives
People from Frankfort, Maine
Businesspeople from Atlanta
People of Georgia (U.S. state) in the American Civil

masks:
. Grant
Grant


texts:
<mask> (14 January 1916 in San Fernando – 27 August 1978 in Buenos Aires) was  an Argentine tango orchestra director, composer and violinist who played in various tango ensembles including the Orquesta Francini-Pontier and Ástor Piazzolla's Octeto Buenos Aires. Early years
Born in the city of San Fernando in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina and 20 km north the city of Buenos Aires, <mask> spent his childhood and adolescence in the city of Campana on the Paraná River. Here he studied the violin with the German violinist Juan Ehlert and in 1933, when Carlos Gardel gave a concert in Campana, <mask> and his friend Héctor Stamponi, the same age as him,  presented Gardel with a tango which the friends, had composed together. Musical career

<mask> started his musical career when he joined the orchestra of Ehlert, which included  Héctor Stamponi and Armando Pontier,  and performed on a well-known afternoon programme on Radio Prieto. He would later form a trio with Stamponi and Pontier to play on Radio Argentina. Later he joined the orchestra of Miguel Caló which included musicians such as Osmar Maderna, Domingo Federico, Carlos Lazzari and Armando Pontier. In 1945 <mask> and Pontier formed the Orquesta Francini-Pontier which played together successfully for the next ten years and made 120 records, 34 of which were instrumentals, starting with the recording of the tango Margot made on 29 January 1946.Inspired by Aníbal Troilo, the orchestra evolved instrumentally with tangos such as Arrabal, La beba, Lo que vendrá, Pa'que se acuerden de mí, Para lucirse, Pichuco, Tigre viejo and A Zárate.

masks:
Enrique Mario Francini
Francini
Francini
Francini
Francini


texts: During these ten years the singers that accompanied the orchestra alternated between Alberto Podestá, Raúl Berón, Roberto Rufino, Julio Sosa, Pablo Moreno, Roberto Florio, Héctor Montes and Luis Correa. After this he set up a duo with Hector Stamponi, whilst at the same time establishing his own orchestra with the pianist Juan Jose Paz, the bandoneonist Julio Ahumada and the singer Alberto Podestá . Lasting less than one year, the orchestra made various recordings starting with La trilla by Eduardo Arolas, and Petit Salón with music by Vicente Demarco and lyrics  by Silvio Marinucci, on 3 November 1955 for the recording company RCA Records. Outstanding within <mask>’s repertoire were Tema otoñal and his solos in Inspiración and Sensiblero. In 1954 he took part in a homage to Juan Carlos Cobián in a quintet comprising the tango musicians Aníbal Troilo on bandoneon, Roberto Grela on guitar, Kicho Díaz on double bass and Horacio Salgán on piano. The following year he joined Astor Piazzolla’s Octeto Buenos Aires with the bandoneons of Piazzolla and Roberto Pansera (later replaced by Leopoldo Federico), the violin of  Hugo Baralis, the cello of José Bragato, the double bass of  Aldo Nicolini (later replaced by Juan Vasallo), the electric guitar of  Horacio Malvicino and the piano of  Atilio Stampone.The Octeto would pioneer nuevo tango and put Piazzolla on a collision course with the tango establishment. Next he formed the Quinteto Real with Horacio Salgán, Pedro Laurenz and Ubaldo de Lío and also set up an orchestra, Los Astros del Tango,  with Elvino Vardaro to record tango compositions of


texts:
 the top tango composers of the time, with arrangements by Argentino Galván. <mask> also participated in Los Violines de Oro del Tango, a tango ensemble, which like the previous one, consisted mainly of strings. In 1963 he joined the pianist Orlando Trípodi, together with Armando Pontier, Domingo Federico, Alberto Podestá and Raúl Berón in  La Orquesta de las Estrellas, directed by Miguel Caló and later in 1970 he formed a sextet, with the bandoneonist Néstor Marconi in charge of arrangements, which appeared at Caño 14 in Buenos Aires, on television and recorded an album. The <mask>-Pontier orchestra was reformed in 1973 and toured Japan with the singer Alba Solís and musicians including Omar Murtgh, Néstor Marconi and Omar Valente. In 1977 the orchestra went on another tour there, this time staging a show with more than 20 musicians and tango dancers. On his return, <mask> organised a symphony orchestra which staged the show Tangos por el mundo in the Teatro Alvear in Avenida Corrientes.He was musician who, in parallel with his activities in the world of tango, played as a first violin in the Buenos Aires Philharmonic until his death. He was also active in the Argentine Society of Authors and Music Composers (SADAIC). He died of a heart attack on 27 August 1978 in the middle of a performance of Nostagias in Caño 14. Tango compositions
<mask> composed the music for the following tangos:
Mañana iré temprano
Bajo un cielo de estrellas
La vi llegar (lyrics by Julian Centeya, 1944). Junto a tu corazón
Inquietud
Ese muchacho Troilo
Tema otoñal

Discography
<mask> made recordings with various

masks: Francini Francini Francini Francini Francini


texts:
 orchestras and for a number of different record labels including:
Mañana iré temprano and Sans Souci, Miguel Caló Orchestra, Odeón. Delirio, Pecado and A los amigos, Francini-Pontier Orchestra, Víctor. Mi refugio, Tema otoñal and Marrón y azul, Octeto Buenos Aires, Allegro and Disc-Jockey.Milonguita, Copacabana and Tiernamente, Los Astros del Tango, Music-Hall. Organito de la tarde, El arranque and Ya no cantas chingolo, Quinteto Real, Columbia,

Filmography
La sombra de Safo (1957)
Cuidado con las imitaciones
La diosa impura (1963)

References

Gobello, José, Mujeres y hombres que hicieron el tango, Centro Editor de Cultura Argentina, Buenos Aires, 2002. Piazzolla, Ástor. A Memoir, Natalio Gorin, Amadaeus, 2001
Azzi and Collier, Le Grand Tango: The Life and Music of Ástor Piazzolla, Oxford University Press, 2000. External links

<mask> <mask> on todotango.com
<mask> <mask> on tango.info

Argentine violinists
Argentine tango musicians
Argentine people of Italian descent
Argentine composers
Argentine film score composers
Male film score composers
People from Campana, Buenos Aires
People from San Fernando de la Buena Vista
1916 births
1978 deaths
20th-century violinists
20th-century male

masks:
Enrique Mario
Francini
Enrique Mario
Francini


texts:
<mask> (born March 9, 1947) is an American photographer. He won the 1972 Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography for his portfolio of photographs of the Vietnam War, Cambodia, East Pakistani refugees near Calcutta, and the Ali-Frazier fight in Madison Square Garden. He has photographed every American president since Lyndon B Johnson. He is the first presidential scholar at the University of Arizona. Early life

Kennerly is the son of O.A. "Tunney<mask>, a traveling salesman, and <mask>. His parents are deceased.He also has three younger sisters, Jane and Chris, the youngest, Anne, is also deceased. His interest in photography started when he was only 12, and his career began in Roseburg, where his first published picture was in the high school newspaper The Orange 'R in 1962. <mask> graduated from West Linn High School in West Linn, Oregon, in 1965. He briefly attended Portland State College but left at 19 to become a staff photographer for The Oregon Journal. In 1967 he entered the Oregon National Guard and was sent to Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, for basic training and then advanced training at Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indiana. After completing six months of active duty in the US Army, he was hired as staff photographer by The Oregonian. During his early career in Portland he photographed some major personalities, including Miles Davis, Igor Stravinsky, Senator Robert F. Kennedy, the Rolling Stones, and the Supremes.That encounter with Senator Kennedy gave him the determination to become a national political photographer. In late 1967, Kennerly moved to Los Angeles to become a staff photographer for United Press International (UPI). On June 5, 1968, he took some of the last photos of Senator Robert F. Kennedy at the Ambassador Hotel as he declared victory in

masks:
David Hume Kennerly
" Kennerly
Joanne Hume Kennerly
Kennerly


texts: the California presidential primary. Moments later Kennedy was gunned down by the assassin Sirhan Sirhan. That night Kennerly also took a memorable picture of Ethel Kennedy in the back of an ambulance. The following year <mask> moved to New York for UPI, where among many other assignments he photographed the "Miracle" New York Mets winning the 1969 World Series. In early 1970, <mask> was transferred to the Washington, D.C. bureau of UPI.At age 23 he took his first ride on Air Force One with President Nixon as a member of the traveling press pool. However Kennerly believed he was missing out on the biggest story of his generation, the Vietnam War. He said, "I felt like that scene in Mr. Roberts where Henry Fonda, an officer on a supply ship, watched the destroyers sail into battle while he was stuck in some South Pacific backwater port." <mask> was sent to Saigon in early 1971 as a combat photographer for UPI. Unbeknownst to Kennerly, UPI photo editor Larry DeSantis started a portfolio of his favorite Kennerly photographs of the year, beginning with the Ali-Frazier fight photo that ran on the front page of The New York Times  on March 9, 1971, (and also happened to be <mask>'s 24th birthday). DeSantis submitted that photograph along with images of the Vietnam and Cambodia wars and refugees escaping from East Pakistan into India to the Pulitzer Prize Board for consideration. It was only when the winners were announced that <mask>, who was still in Vietnam, learned he had been awarded the 1972 Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography.The committee noted that he "specialized in pictures that capture the loneliness and desolation of war." <mask> became the photo bureau chief for UPI in Southeast Asia, but still spent most of his time in the field covering combat

masks: Kennerly Kennerly Kennerly Kennerly Kennerly Kennerly