texts:
 2017, <mask> returned to Crvena zvezda, signing a contract for the 2017–18 season. National team career
<mask> was a member and captain of the senior men's Republic of Macedonia national team. He was instrumental in his team reaching the semi-finals of FIBA EuroBasket 2011 in Lithuania. <mask> proved his reputation as one of the tournament's best rebounders, having an average of 8.8 rebounds per game, third best in the category.He also averaged 11.5 points per game, with his tournament high coming in the semi-finals against Spain, where he scored 17 points in a 92-80 defeat. He was among the overall leaders in several other categories. Besides being fourth in average minutes per game (34.5), he also ranked fourth in double-doubles, collecting three, against Finland (14 points and 19 rebounds), Bosnia and Herzegovina (15 points and 14 rebounds) and Russia (15 points and 10 rebounds). While hardly the revelation of the tournament, he fulfilled his full potential at the EuroBasket, and was the cornerstone of the Macedonian national team's defensive strategy, that propelled them to the top four. <mask> captained the Macedonian national team at the FIBA EuroBasket 2013, although to a much lesser success. Although he scored in double figures in four of the five group matches, averaging 13.8 points and 8 rebounds per game, Macedonia was eliminated in the group stage, after which <mask> announced his retirement from the national team. Player profile

<mask>'s best offensive attributes are his body strength, jump shot, and dunking ability.He is adept at pick and roll play, which coupled with his excellent three-point shooting accuracy for a player of his position, makes him a scoring threat from all distances. While he's not a prolific scorer, he also possesses decent passing skills, adding to his offensive contribution. The defensive part of the game is considered to be one of his best attributes. <mask>'s anticipation, positioning, and

masks: Antić Antić Antić Antić Antić Antić Antić


type: original

texts:
 overall athleticism made him a good rebounder in Europe. Antić demonstrated particular determination and confidence when guarding opposition star players, such as Dirk Nowitzki and Pau Gasol at the EuroBasket 2011. <mask> is a supporter of Belgrade club Red Star, where he also played from 2005–2007 and 2017‒2018. <mask> married his wife Ružica, who has the same birthday as he does, in 2006.They have a son named Luka. <mask> has several tattoos, including ones of his family, Crvena zvezda team supporters (Delije) badge on his right under-arm, and a stylized flag of Macedonia on his right chest. Aside from Macedonian, <mask> also holds Bulgarian citizenship. After the FIBA EuroBasket 2011 in Lithuania, <mask> was awarded with the Honoris causa academic title, by FON University in Skopje. On April 8, 2015, <mask> and teammate Thabo Sefolosha were arrested outside a nightclub in New York City for interfering with police after Chris Copeland of the Indiana Pacers was stabbed in the abdomen. His case was later dropped on September 9, 2015. See also
 List of KK Crvena zvezda players with 100 games played

References

External links

 <mask> <mask> at draftexpress.com
 <mask> <mask> at esake.gr
 <mask> <mask> at eurobasket.com
 <mask> <mask> at euroleague.net
 <mask> <mask> at fiba.com

1982 births
Living people
ABA League players
AEK B.C.players
Atlanta Hawks players
Basketball League of Serbia players
BC Spartak Saint Petersburg players
Centers (basketball)
Fenerbahçe men's basketball players
KK Crvena zvezda players
Macedonian expatriate basketball people in Russia
Macedonian expatriate basketball people in Serbia
Macedonian expatriate basketball people in Turkey
Macedonian men's basketball players
Macedonian people of Serbian descent
Olympiacos B.C. players
PBC Lokomotiv-Kuban players
PBC Academic players
Power forwards (basketball)
Serbs of North Macedonia
Sportspeople from Skopje
Undrafted National Basketball Association

masks: Antić Antić Antić Antić Antić Antić Pero Antić Pero Antić Pero Antić Pero Antić Pero Antić


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<mask> MBE (born 5 July 1935) is an English folk singer who was a significant contributor to the English Folk Revival of the 1960s and 1970s. She often performed and recorded with her sister Dolly, whose accompaniment on piano and portative organ created unique settings for <mask>'s plain, austere singing style. Biography

Early life
<mask> was born in Hastings, East Sussex, England on 5 July 1935. Shew grew up, with her older sister Dolly, in the area, in a family which kept alive a great love of traditional song. Songs learnt from their grandfather and from their mother's sister, Grace Winborn, were to be important in the sisters' repertoire throughout their career. On leaving school, at the age of 17, <mask> enrolled at a teachers' training college in Tooting, south London. In London she also involved herself in the early folk revival, making her first appearance on vinyl on the 1955 compilation Folk Song Today.In 1954, at a party hosted by Ewan MacColl, she met Alan Lomax, the American folk collector, who had moved to Britain to avoid the McCarthy witch-hunt, which was then raging in America. Lomax and <mask> lived together in London, with <mask> assisting Lomax on various European projects and singing backing vocals on a version of MacColl's "Dirty Old Town" by Alan Lomax and the Ramblers, in 1956. “I was madly in love with him,” <mask> says of Lomax. First albums
In 1958, <mask> recorded her first two albums, Sweet England and False True Lovers. The albums featured sparse arrangements with <mask> accompanying herself on the banjo. Sweet England was released in 1959 and False True Lovers in 1960. <mask> also recorded a series of EPs in 1958 and 1959 with The Foggy Dew and English Songs being released in 1959.From July to November 1959, <mask> and Lomax made a folk song collecting trip in the Southern U.S. states. It resulted in many hours of recordings, featuring performers such as Almeda Riddle, Hobart Smith, and Bessie Jones, and is noted for the

masks:
Shirley Elizabeth Collins
Shirley
Shirley Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins


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 discovery of Mississippi Fred McDowell. Recordings from this trip were issued by Atlantic Records under the title "Sounds of the South", and some were re-enacted in the Coen brothers’ film O Brother, Where Art Thou?. The experience of her life with Lomax, and the making of the recordings in religious communities, social gatherings, prisons and chain gangs was described in <mask>' book America Over the Water (published 2005). Back in Britain, <mask> met Austin John Marshall, whom she later married. She also proceeded with her singing career, appearing on three compilations albums (A Jug of Punch, A Pinch of Salt and Rocket Along) in 1960 and an EP,  Heroes in Love, in 1963 (now included with False True Lovers on the CD release). It was after that, in a series of influential albums, that she helped to introduce many innovations into the English folk revival.In 1964, she recorded the landmark jazz-folk fusion of Folk Roots, New Routes, with guitarist Davey Graham. English Songs Volume 2 and <mask> Sings Irish were both released in 1964. The Sweet Primeroses
1967 saw the essentially southern English song collection, The Sweet Primeroses, with <mask> accompanied for the first time by her sister Dolly's portative organ. 1968's The Power of the True Love Knot also featured Dolly's accompaniment. 1969 brought another collaboration, The Holly Bears the Crown, this time with The Young Tradition — featuring, in addition to <mask>, Peter Bellamy, Heather Wood, and Royston Wood. This album was not released until 1995. Anthems in Eden
Anthems in Eden was released in 1969, the first album to be credited to <mask> and <mask>.It featured a suite of songs centred on the changes in rural England brought about by the First World War. <mask> created arrangements featuring David Munrow and various other players from his Early Music Consort. The unusual combination of ancient instruments included rebecs, sackbuts, viols and crumhorns. Some find it hard to imagine that electric

masks:
Collins
Collins
Shirley
Collins
Dolly Collins
Shirley
Dolly Collins
Dolly Collins


texts:
 accompaniment for traditional song, as successfully purveyed by Fairport Convention and Steeleye Span, could have developed quite as it did without the pioneering Anthems in Eden. All these recordings strove to marry a deep love and understanding of the English folk music heritage with a more contemporary attitude to musical settings. Anthems in Eden was followed by Love, Death and the Lady, also co-credited with Dolly, in 1970. Albion Country and Etchingham Steam Bands
<mask> married her second husband Ashley Hutchings in 1971.He left Steeleye Span that year and he and <mask> assembled the first incarnation of the Albion Country Band to accompany her on the 1971 album No Roses, with a total of 27 musicians participating over numerous sessions. <mask> also provided guest vocals on the Hutchings project Morris On in 1972. Following the breakup of a later version of the Albion Country band in 1973 (shortly after recording the album Battle of the Field) the couple created the all acoustic Etchingham Steam Band with Terry Potter, Ian Holder and Vic Gammon, in 1974. The couple were living in Etchingham at the time and the decision to eschew electricity was inspired by the Three-Day Week. The Etchingham's repertoire was drawn from the traditional music of Sussex. The only recording by the band available at the time appeared on the 1974 compilation album A Favourite Garland, although Terry Potter and Ian Holder (as well as Simon Nicol and Roger Swallow, formerly of the Albion Country Band) appear on some tracks on Adieu to Old England, a <mask> album also released in 1974 (and produced by Ashley Hutchings). Live recordings of the Etchingham Steam Band from 1974 and 1975 were released on a self-titled CD in 1995.A largely new group of musicians (with some participation from Etchingham Steam Band members) was assembled for two 1976 releases: the Morris On follow up Son of Morris On (with <mask>  again providing vocals); and the newly recorded tracks for the <mask> and

masks: Collins Collins Collins Collins Collins Shirley


texts:
 <mask> album Amaranth (half of which was a reissue of the side-long suite of songs from Anthems in Eden). The involvement of Philip Pickett and John Sothcott in these recordings saw a return to the use of early music instruments. The bulk of the musicians became The Albion Dance Band, performing traditional material on a mixture of modern (electric) and early music instruments, with <mask> on vocals. They recorded the album The Prospect Before Us and a BBC session in 1976, with a single ("Hopping Down in Kent") released that year and the album following in 1977. Live recordings from this period were released on the CD Dancing Days are Here Again in 2007. Retirement
1978's For As Many As Will was the last studio album recorded by <mask> and <mask>, although live recordings from 1979 have been issued since and in 1979 she released a single, "The Mariner's Farewell", with Bert Jansch. <mask> does not appear on the next Albion Band album (Rise Up Like the Sun, recorded in 1977 and released in 1978, with the "Dance" dropped from the band name) and decided to focus on home life and her children from her first marriage whilst Hutchings and the Albion Band collaborated on several National Theatre productions.It was during this period that Hutchings left <mask>. The painful divorce was followed by loss of her voice and "the ability to sing entirely," leading to her retirement from music. Her music career seemingly over, <mask> resorted to "a number of low-paid jobs" — including employment at the British Library and the job centre to get by. And she sold her old equipment. She made one last appearance with the Albion Band, on the 1980 album Lark Rise to Candleford (the soundtrack of the plays). In 1993 David Tibet of the apocalyptic folk band Current 93 released a collection of her recordings, entitled Fountain of Snow on his Durtro label. Since then, she has appeared on a number of Current 93 recordings.21st century

<mask> sang on the final version of  "Idumæa" on

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Dolly Collins
Collins
Shirley
Dolly Collins
Collins
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Collins


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 Current 93's 2006 album Black Ships Ate the Sky. In 2009 Topic Records included in their 70-year anniversary boxed set Three Score and Ten two tracks from The Sweet Primeroses: "All Things Are Quite Silent" and "The Rigs Of The Time". With actor Pip Barnes, she toured with her three illustrated talks "America over the Water" (about her field trip in the Southern States of America with Alan Lomax), "A Most Sunshiny Day" (about the traditional music of England and Sussex in particular), and "I'm a Romany Rai" (about the Gypsy singers and songs of Southern England). She also edited a CD entitled  I'm a Romany Rai (2012) in the series The Voice of the People. In 2013, <mask> appeared on Justin Hopper's text composition, "Fourth River: Ley Line", to be released on the Contraphonic Sound Series. On February 8, 2014, at Union Chapel in Islington, London, <mask> sang for the first time for many years, performing two songs; "All the Pretty Little Horses" and "Death and the Lady." She was accompanied by Ian Kearey, from the band Oysterband.She returned to recording and in November 2016, <mask> released Lodestar, her first new album in 38 years. Earning two BBC Radio 2 Folk Award nominations for the work, considered her best by some, she found this late success highly improbable, saying: “I never believed it could happen. It’s a bit of a miracle, really.”

Lodestar was followed in July 2020 by another album of new material, entitled Heart's Ease. The album included re-recordings of some songs she had sung in her twenties, such as "Barbara Allen". In a five-star review, The Guardian described it as "...a more confident follow-up [to Lodestar]", saying, "The veteran singer’s comeback really takes wing with this impeccably judged set." The Ballad of <mask>
A film about her life, The Ballad of <mask>, was released in October 2017. She was not sure such attention was warranted, saying: “When they first asked me I was nonplussed.I thought, ‘is this a wind-up?’”

Honours,

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Collins
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Collins
Shirley Collins
Shirley Collins


texts:
 awards, distinctions
 In 2004, <mask> was awarded a Gold Badge by the English Folk Dance and Song Society. She was awarded the MBE for services to music in the 2007 New Year's Honours List. She holds an Honorary Degree from the Open University (for a "notable contribution to education and culture") and an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Sussex. In 2008 she was elected as president of the English Folk Dance and Song Society and received the "Good Tradition" award at the BBC Radio 2 Folk Awards. She is currently patron of the South East Folk Arts Network and Folk South West. <mask> garnered two BBC Radio 2 Folk Award nominations for her seventh studio album, Lodestar, released in 2016. A film about her life, The Ballad of <mask>, was released in October 2017.Influence
The American folk-rock band 10,000 Maniacs did a cover of "Just as the Tide was Flowing", closely modelled on the version on the No Roses album. Billy Bragg said of her: "<mask> is without doubt one of England's greatest cultural treasures." Few singers of the English folk revival have attempted as much on record as <mask> – an extraordinary combination of fragility and power. "I like music to be fairly straightforward, simply embellished – the performance without histrionics allowing you to think about the song rather than telling you what to think." Colin Meloy of The Decemberists recorded a whole EP of <mask> tunes. It was sold on Meloy's 2006 spring United States tour in limited quantities. <mask>, All in the Downs: Reflections on Life, Landscape, and Song, Strange Attractor Press, 2018.See also
 Music of Sussex

References

External links
<mask> web site
Mainly Norfolk <mask> page
Fledg'ling records biography of <mask> and <mask>

1935 births
Living people
People from Hastings
English women singer-songwriters
English folk musicians
English folk singers
British folk rock musicians
Decca Records artists
Harvest Records artists
Deram Records artists
Members of the Order of the British

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Collins
Collins
Shirley Collins
Shirley Collins
Collins
Shirley Collins
Shirley Collins
Shirley Collins
Shirley Collins
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<mask> (December 8, 1642 - April 27, 1678) was a French priest, canon and educator. He was a friend, contemporary and spiritual director of Saint John Baptist de La Salle. Biography

Childhood and early years
<mask> was born on the small town of Baslieux-les-Reims in the ancient province of Champagne, 9 kilometers away from Reims, son of Jean-<mask> (1611–1673), Commissioner for wars and old cloth merchant. His godfather, July 23, 1643, was his uncle, Matthieu Beuvelet. In 1650 he joined the Jesuit College at Reims, by the church of St. Maurice, where he shows an active intelligence and the wish to become a priest. In 1653 he obtained the tonsure from the bishop Pouy at the abbey of Saint Pierre les Dames. Completing his preliminary studies, he traveled around France for while.A particularly difficult sea voyage persuaded <mask> to return and complete his studies. The young student moved to Paris in 1660 to continue his studies in Philosophy and Theology, staying at the college of Bons Amis. He joined several pious associations such as the “Friends Association” of the Jesuit Jean Bagot and one of Vincent de Paul. He even considered joining the Jesuits. He was also quite interested in the work of the missionaries for a time and considered going to Siam after finishing his doctorate on theology. He was given a well-endowed canonry at Reims Cathedral, before being ordained a deacon and was highly regarded as a preacher, but realized that his elegant style reached few of the faithful. In 1664 he received the diaconate and on March 3 of 1665 he was ordained a priest.Apostolic Life
In 1666 he leaves his parents house, moving to a house on Barbâtre Street, in Reims, where he begins a life of poverty dedicated to charity. He established contacts with the Saint

masks:
Nicolas Roland
Nicolas Roland
Baptist Roland
Roland


texts:
 Nicolas-du-Chardonnet seminary where his uncle worked, and there he is exposed to the ideas of Adrian Bourdoise, Jean-Jacques Olier and the movement for the renewal of the French clergy. Of all his apostolic activities, education is the activity the young canon to which he is most attracted, especially after the publication in 1668 of “Bans”  by Charles Démia, an early advocate the schools for the poor. He also spends some months living at the church of Saint-Amand in Rouen under the staircase in complete poverty, following the teachings of Antoine de la Haye. In Rouen he meets yet another clergyman passionate about education for the poor, the Minim Father <mask>, who arrived in the city in 1659. Barre had organized a group of men and women who worked in free schools located in several neighbourhoods of the city. <mask> returned to Reims with the intention of starting similar projects there.On October 15, 1670 a Reims' orphanage founded by Marie Varlet was entrusted to him and he gradually transformed it into a real school. He asked Fr. Barre to send two teachers from the Sisters of the Infant Jesus to help. On December 27, 1670, the teachers, Francoise Duval and Anne Le Coeur, arrived. <mask> would later found with them the Congregation of Sisters of the Holy Child Jesus, dedicated to the education of poor and abandoned girls. La Salle
In 1672 he met a young canon, John Baptist de la Salle, and for a time becomes his spiritual advisor. They stay in touch while La Salle studies at the seminary of Saint-Sulpice in Paris.<mask> influences La Salle to learn a type of spiritual detachment that he later demonstrates when founder of the Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools. Sisters of the Holy Child Jesus

After the death of his father in 1673,

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Nicolas Barre
Roland
Roland
Roland


texts:
 <mask> became more involved in encouraging the growing community of the “Sisters of the Holy Child Jesus”. He also takes care of some neighborhood schools and the orphanage. On July 13 he opens the first school of the sisters. He does it so at his own expense. He feels confident in teaching girls, but he doesn't know how to proceed as to boys, he tries to involve De La Salle in the masculine teaching, however unsuccessfully. In 1675 he receives the approbation from the ArchbishopCharles Maurice Le Tellier regarding the formation of the order of the sisters.They are officially named “Sisters of the Holy Child Jesus” due to their devotion in their veneration to the Carmelo de Beaune, their favorite place for peregrination. He describes many spiritual works and publishes the manifest “Notices for the regular people”. One of the notices left for the sisters reads:

The following year he gives all his possessions to consolidate the young congregation, he also multiplies his activities in favor of the needed. He suffers some miscomprehensions with the cathedratic board and the church authorities. He also makes some trips to Paris looking for the civil recognition of his community, however the process is delayed. During the months of March and April 1678 he participates in a big predication and apostolic campaign helped by the priests of the Oratory. On march 30 he assists with great joy to the first mass of his appointed Saint John Baptist de La Salle.He encourages De La Salle to trade his sinecure for a small parish but the archbishop opposes to it and the matter remains unsettled. Sickness, death and legacy

On April 19, 1678, he had to stay in bed due to a severe headache. On the 23rd of the same month he redacted his testament, leaving the order to finish the


texts:
 institute to Saint John Baptist de La Salle and <mask>. On the 27th he peacefully died at Reims, and was buried in the sisters' chapel on the 29th. He was only 36 years old and yet he left behind a huge apostolic project, even if it only had 20 sisters, an asylum and four schools. Saint John Baptist de La Salle then continued with the approbation of his work and later on followed in his footsteps, founding the congregation of the Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools for the human and Christian education for the poor. <mask> was blessed in Rome by Pope John Paul II on October 16, 1994, along with Josefina Vannini, Alberto Hurtado Cruchaga, Petra de San Jose Perez Florido and Maria Rafols as a preliminary step towards canonization.His remains now rest in a crypt at the Reims Cathedral. Writings
"Short Treatise of the virtues that are necessary for the Sisters of the child Jesus", Traité Petit traité des vertus les plus nécessaires aux sœurs, qu’on a trouvé écrit de la main de M. le Théologal, où il exprime ses sentiments sur la Communauté in French. "Advise to regular people", Avis donnés par feu Monsieur <mask>, Théologal de Reims, pour la conduite des personnes régulières in French. "Conferences about perfection", Première Conférence faite par le sieur Théologal à la Communauté du Saint Enfant-Jésus, sur ces paroles: «soyez parfaits, comme votre Père Céleste est parfait» in French. "Memorial to the Archbishop of Reims", Mémoires sur la Vie de Monsieur <mask>, prêtre, Chanoine Théologal de l’Église de Reims, et Fondateur de la Communauté du Saint-Enfant-Jésus in French. Correspondence: Recueil des Lettres écrites par la main de Monsieur <mask>, Théologal, à plusieurs de ses pénitentes in French. <mask>'s Pedagogy
<mask>'s pedagogy has much to do

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Nicolas Rogier
Nicolas Roland
Nicolas Roland
Nicolas Roland
Nicolas Roland
Roland
Roland


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 with his own life: humble, simple, natural, but also ambitious and compromising, even captivating and contagious:
It is cutting edge pedagogy, for pioneering works of popular education.Ascetic and mystical at once, said that the life of man is great if understood as a struggle and surrender to divine service. The most valuable of his attitude was his testimony and his passion. Traits that were considered irreplaceable educational values in their masterpieces. With them, he adorned the Christian school for girls that he designed and easy ideas to their teachers who offered selfless and generous people grouped with effort and trust in God. <mask> is one of the teachers who made possible in the 17th century the spread of popular schools,  predecessor next to Saint Pierre Fourier and Charles Demia of what would later become the popular schools from the Church, especially in the work of John the Baptist De La Salle. References

Bibliography

Bernoville, G., Un précurseur de saint Jean-Baptiste de La Salle: Nicolás <mask>, fondateur de la Congrégation du Saint Enfant Jésus de Reims, Paris, 1950. Goy, J.La vie de Nicolas Roland, Reims, 1993
Chico, P. Nicolás <mask> en Fundadores de órdenes religiosas de la enseñanza, Valladolid, 2000. GALLEGO, S. San Juan Bautista de La Salle: vida y pensamiento, BAC, Madrid, 1986
CAMPOS, M., SAUVAGE, M., Juan Bautista de La Salle: Anunciar el evangelio a los pobres, Bruño, Lima, 1977. BÉDEL, H., Orígenes 1651-1726, Estudios Lasalianos nº5, Rome, 1998

1642 births
1678 deaths
People from Reims
17th-century French Roman Catholic priests
French educators
Founders of Catholic religious communities
De La Salle Brothers
Burials in Marne (department)
French beatified people
Beatifications by Pope John Paul II
Venerated Catholics by Pope

masks:
Nicolas Roland
Roland
Roland


texts:
<mask> (May 27, 1880 – May 25, 1965) was an American career diplomat and Foreign Service officer. He is best known as the ambassador to Japan from 1932 to 1941 and as a high official in the State Department in Washington from 1944 to 1945. He opposed American hardliners, sought to avoid war, and helped to ensure the soft Japanese surrender in 1945 that enabled a peaceful American occupation of Japan after the war. After numerous minor diplomatic appointments, <mask> was the Ambassador to Denmark (1920–1921) and  Ambassador to Switzerland (1921–1924). In 1924, <mask> became the Under Secretary of State and oversaw the establishment of the US Foreign Service. <mask> then became Ambassador to Turkey (1927–1932). As Ambassador to Japan (1932–1941), he opposed American hardliners and recommended negotiation with Tokyo to avoid war until the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941).He was interned until American and Japanese diplomats were formally exchanged in 1942. On return to Washington, DC, he became the second official in the State Department as Under Secretary and sometimes served as acting Secretary of State. He successfully promoted a soft peace with Japan that would allow the Emperor to maintain his status, which facilitated the Emperor's decision to surrender in 1945. Early life
<mask> was born in Boston, Massachusetts, in May 1880 to a wealthy Yankee family. He was groomed for public service. At the age of 12 he was sent to Groton School, an elite preparatory school whose purpose was to "cultivate manly Christian character". Grew was two grades ahead of Franklin D. Roosevelt.During his youth, Grew enjoyed the outdoors, sailing, camping, and hunting during his summers away from school. Grew attended Harvard College and graduated in 1902. Career
After his graduation, Grew made a tour of the Far East and nearly died after he had been stricken with malaria. While recovering in India, he became friends with an American consul there.

masks:
Joseph Clark Grew
Grew
Grew
Grew
Grew


texts:
 That inspired him to abandon his plan of following in his father's career as a banker, and he decided to go into diplomatic service. In 1904, he was a clerk at the consulate in Cairo, Egypt, and he then rotated through diplomatic missions in Mexico City (1906), St. Petersburg (1907), Berlin (1908), Vienna (1911), and again in Berlin (1912–1917). He became acting chief of the State Department's Division of Western European Affairs during the war (1917–1919) and was the secretary of the American peace commission in Paris (1919–1920).Ambassador to Denmark and Switzerland
From April 7, 1920 to October 14, 1921, Grew served as the U.S. Ambassador to Denmark after his appointment by President Woodrow Wilson. He was preceded by Norman Hapgood and succeeded by John Dyneley Prince. He replaced Hampson Gary as the United States Ambassador to Switzerland after his appointment by President Warren Harding. In 1922, he and Richard Child acted as the American observers at the Conference of Lausanne. Grew served as Ambassador until March 22, 1924, when Hugh S. Gibson replaced him. Under Secretary of State (1924–1927)
From April 16, 1924 to June 30, 1927, Grew served as the Under Secretary of State in Washington under President Calvin Coolidge and succeeded William Phillips.Ambassador to Turkey
In 1927, <mask> was appointed as the American ambassador to Turkey. He served in Ankara until 1932, when he was offered the opportunity to return to the Far East. Ambassador to Japan
In 1932, <mask> was appointed by President Herbert Hoover to succeed William Cameron Forbes as the Ambassador to Japan, where he took up his posting on June 6. Ambassador and Mrs. <mask> had been happy in Turkey, and were hesitant about the move, but decided that Grew would have a unique opportunity to make the difference between peace and war between the United States and Japan. The Grews soon became popular in Japanese society, joining clubs and societies there, and adapting to the culture,

masks: Grew Grew Grew


texts: even as relations between the two countries deteriorated. One major episode came on 12 December 1937.During the USS Panay incident, the Japanese military bombed and sank the American gunboat Panay while it was anchored in the Yangtze River outside Nanking in China. Three American sailors were killed. Japan and the United States were at peace. The Japanese claimed that they had not seen the American flags painted on the deck of the gunboat and then apologized and paid an indemnity. Nevertheless, the attack outraged Americans and caused US opinion to turn against the Japanese. One of <mask>'s closest and most influential Japanese friends and allies was Prince Tokugawa Iesato (1863–1940), the president of Japan's upper house, the House of Peers. During most of the 1930s, both men worked together in various creative diplomatic ways to promote goodwill between their nations.The adjoining photograph showed them having tea together in 1937 after attending a goodwill event to commemorate the 25th anniversary Japanese gift of cherry blossom trees to the US in 1912. The Garden Club of America reciprocated by giving flowering trees to Japan. The historian Jonathan Utley argues in Before Pearl Harbor that <mask> took the position that Japan had legitimate economic and security interests in Greater East Asia and that he hoped that President Roosevelt and Secretary of State Hull would accommodate them by high-level negotiations. However, Roosevelt, Hull, and other top American officials strongly opposed the massive Japanese intervention in China, and they negotiated with China to send American warplanes and with Britain and the Netherlands to cut off sales of steel and oil, which Japan needed for aggressive warfare. Other historians argue that Grew put far too much trust in the power of his moderate friends in the Japanese government. On January 27, 1941, <mask> secretly cabled the State Department with rumors passed on by the Peruvian Minister to Japan:


texts:
 "Japan military forces planned a surprise mass attack at Pearl Harbor in case of 'trouble' with the United States." <mask>'s own published account of 1944 stated, "There is a lot of talk around town [Tokyo] to the effect that the Japanese in case of a break with the United States, are planning to go all out in a surprise mass attack on Pearl Harbor."<mask>'s report was provided to Admiral Harold R. Stark, Chief of Naval Operations, and Admiral Husband Kimmel, Commander-in-chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet, but it was discounted by everyone involved in Washington, D.C., and Hawaii. Grew served as ambassador until December 8, 1941, when the United States and Japan severed diplomatic relations during the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor. All Allied diplomats were later interned. On April 18, 1942, US B-25 bombers flew from an American carrier and carried out the Doolittle Raid of bombing Tokyo and other cities. Grew witnessed the attack while he was interned. When he realized that the low-flying planes over Tokyo were American, not Japanese planes on maneuvers, he thought they may have flown from the Aleutian Islands, as they appeared too large to be from a carrier. <mask> wrote in his memoirs that embassy staff were "very happy and proud."In accordance with diplomatic treaties, the US and Japan negotiated the repatriation of their diplomats via neutral territory. In July 1942, <mask> and 1,450 other American and foreign citizens went via steamship from Tokyo to Lourenço Marques in Portuguese East Africa aboard the Japanese liner Asama Maru and her backup, the Italian liner Conte Verde. In exchange, the US sent home the Japanese diplomats, along with 1,096 other Japanese citizens. Atomic bomb dilemma
<mask> wrote in 1942 that he expected Nazi Germany to collapse, like the German Empire in 1918, but not the Japanese Empire:

Under Secretary of State (1944–1945)
<mask> returned to Washington in 1942 and served as a special assistant to Secretary Hull.

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 In 1944, he was promoted to  director of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs. From December 1944 to August 1945, he served once again as undersecretary of state. A fierce anticommunist, he opposed co-operation with the Soviets.Roosevelt wanted closer relationships with <mask>, unlike the new President, Harry Truman. <mask> was again appointed as Under Secretary of State and served from December 20, 1944 to August 15, 1945. He served as the Acting Secretary of State for most January to August 1945 while Secretaries of State Edward Stettinius and James F. Byrnes were away at conferences. Among high-level officials in Washington, <mask> was the most knowledgeable regarding Japanese issues. He was also the author of an influential book about Japan, titled Ten Years in Japan. <mask> advocated a soft peace that would be acceptable to the Japanese people and would maintain an honorable status for the Emperor. He successfully opposed treating the Emperor as a war criminal and thereby prepared the way for a speedy Japanese surrender and the friendly postwar relations during which Japan was closely supervised by American officials.Forcible return of Soviet prisoners-of-war
By May 1945, the U.S. held a number of Soviet prisoners-of-war (POWs) who had been captured while serving voluntarily or involuntarily in some capacity in the German Army, mostly as rear area personnel (ammunition bearers, cooks, drivers, sanitation orderlies, or guards). Unlike the German prisoners, who were looking forward to release at war's end, the Soviet prisoners urgently requested asylum in the United States or at least repatriation to a country not under Soviet occupation, as they knew they would be shot by Stalin as traitors for being captured (under Soviet law, surrender incurred the death penalty). The question of the Soviet POWs' conduct was difficult to determine but not their fate if repatriated. Most Soviet POWs stated that they had been given a choice by the Germans:

masks:
Joseph Stalin
Grew
Grew
Grew


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 volunteer for labor duty with the German army or be turned over to the Gestapo for execution or service in an Arbeitslager (a camp used to work prisoners until they died of starvation or illness). In any case, in Stalin's eyes, they were dead men, as they had been captured alive, "contaminated" by contact with those in bourgeois Western nations, and found in service with the German Army. Notified of their impending transfer to Soviet authorities, a riot at their POW camp erupted. No one was killed by the guards, but some POWS were wounded, and others hanged themselves.Truman granted the men a temporary reprieve, but <mask>, as Acting Secretary of State, signed an order on July 11, 1945 forcing the repatriation of the Soviet POWs to the Soviet Union. Soviet co-operation, it was believed, would prove necessary to remake the face of postwar Europe. On August 31, 1945, the 153 survivors were officially returned to the Soviet Union; their ultimate fate is unknown. Other work
<mask>'s book Sport and Travel in the Far East was a favorite one of Theodore Roosevelt's. The introduction to the 1910 Houghton Mifflin printing of the book features the following introduction written by Roosevelt:

In 1945, after Grew left the State Department, he wrote two volumes of professional memoirs, published in 1952. Personal life

<mask> married Alice Perry (b. 1884), the daughter of premier American impressionist painter Lilla Cabot Perry (1848–1933), daughter of Dr. Samuel Cabot (of the New England Cabots).Alice's father was noted American scholar Thomas Sergeant Perry (1845–1928). Through her paternal grandfather, Alice was a great-granddaughter of famed American naval hero Oliver Hazard Perry. Together, <mask> and Alice were the parents of:

 Lilla Cabot <mask> (1907–1994), who married Jay Pierrepont Moffat (1896–1943), the American Ambassador to Canada, in 1927. Elizabeth Sturgis <mask> (1912–1998), who married Cecil B. Lyon. He died two days before his 85th

masks: Grew Grew Grew Joseph Grew Grew


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 birthday on May 25, 1965. Descendants
<mask>'s grandson, Jay Pierrepont Moffat, Jr. (b. 1932), was the United States Ambassador to Chad from 1983 to 1985.In popular culture
In the 1970 film Tora! Tora! Tora!, a historical drama about the 1941 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the part of US Ambassador <mask> was played by Meredith Weatherby. Published works
 Sport and Travel in the Far East, 1910
 Report From Tokyo, 1942
 Ten Years in Japan, 1944
 Turbulent Era, Volume I, 1952
 Turbulent Era, Volume II, 1952

See also
 Japan–United States relations

References

Further reading
 Bennett, Edward M. (1999). "<mask>, <mask> (1880–1965)". American National Biography. .
 DeConde, Alexander, et al. Encyclopedia of American Foreign Policy (4 vols.2002). <mask>, <mask>. (1952). Turbulent Era: A Diplomatic Record of Forty Years, 1904–1945. Books for Libraries Press. Heinrichs, Waldo H. (1966). American ambassador: <mask><mask> and the development of the United States diplomatic tradition . A standard scholarly biography.Katz, Stan S. (2019). The Art of Peace: An Illustrated Biography on Prince Iyesato Tokugawa. Excerpt. Pelz, Stephen (1985). "Gulick and Grew: Errands into the East Asian Wilderness". 13#4: 606–611. .
 Utley, Jonathan G. (1985). Going to War with Japan, 1937–1941.U of Tennessee Press. External links

 The Political Graveyard: <mask>. Grew
 United States Department of State: Chiefs of Mission by Country, 1778–2005

1880 births
1965 deaths
20th-century American diplomats
20th-century American non-fiction writers
Acting United States Secretaries of State
Ambassadors of the United States to Denmark
Ambassadors of the United States to Japan
Ambassadors of the United States to Switzerland
Ambassadors of the United States to Turkey
American expatriates in Japan
American people of World War II
Groton School alumni
Harvard College alumni
People from Boston
United States Foreign Service personnel
United States Under Secretaries of State
Writers

masks:
Grew
Joseph Grew
Grew
Joseph Clark
Grew
Joseph C
Joseph C
. Grew
Joseph C


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<mask> (born 1940), also known as Nana Ohemeng Awere V, is a Ghanaian physician and a surgeon who specialises in Obstetrics and Gynecology and traditional ruler of Assin Nsuta and the chief executive of the West End Hospital, Kumasi. A past president of the Ghana Medical Association, he is an advocate of community health and has helped establish several health centres, rural hospitals and clinics in the Ashanti Region of Ghana notably the Ankaasi Faith Healing Methodist Hospital and the Lake Clinic at Amakom near Lake Bosomtwi. He was a member of the committee set up by the government of Ghana in 2003, tasked with the implementation of the National Health Insurance Scheme in Ghana. Kwakye-Maafo is the elder brother of Yaw Osafo-Maafo, the former finance minister during the John Kufuor administration and Isaac Adjei-Maafo, who was a Minister of Agriculture and later head of the Ghana Cocoa Board during the PNDC era. Early life and education
<mask> had his primary education at Awisa Presbyterian Boarding School, Akim-Awisa, in the Eastern Region of Ghana, from 1944 to 1953. In January 1954 he entered the Abuakwa State College. In January 1959, he entered sixth form at the Opoku Ware School in Kumasi, where he passed his Cambridge High School Certificate in 1960.In August 1961 he was awarded the Ghana Government Scholarship to study Medicine in Germany where he studied German at the University of Leipzig and University of Greifswald in 1962; he was admitted to the Freie University of Berlin, under the German/Ghanaian Scholarship Programme DAAD. He graduated as a Medical Practitioner after passing the State Examination (Staatsexamens) in September 1968. In 1971 he was awarded the Doctor of Medicine (MD) Degree at the Freie University, Berlin (MB, ChB). After qualification, he worked in several hospitals in Berlin including the Rudolf VIRCHOW, Westend Klinikum and the Frauenklinik am Mariendorferweg. Career
As a committed and patriotic citizen,

masks:
Jacob Kenneth Kofi Kwakye Maafo
Jacob Kenneth Kwakye Maafo


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 Kwakye-Maafo returned to Ghana in January 1972 to serve his country in several capacities. He served as a medical officer and then as a senior medical officer in many hospitals, namely, the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, the Mampong Maternity Hospital, and the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra. In 1979, Kwakye-Maafo with the help of his wife Mercy established the West End Clinic, named after the ‘Westend Klinikum’ in Germany.The clinic started initially as an outpatients’ clinic, but has over the years developed into a 40-bed hospital with theatre facilities for both minor and major surgeries. The hospital is now a referral centre to clients within and around the Kumasi metropolis. Other roles
 A Medical Consultant to the Methodist Church of Ghana;
 A Member of the National Health Insurance Council
 A fellow and Past President of the Ghana Medical Association;
 A fellow of the West African College of Physicians;
 A foundation fellow of the Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons;
 An R3M Champion/ An NGO championing the reduction of maternal and neonatal mortality in Ghana;
 A Member of the Medical & Dental Council of Ghana (2000–2006)
 A Member of the Nurses and Midwives Council of Ghana (2000–2008)
 A Member of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital Board (2000–2008)

Reign

Chief of Assin Nsuta
On 19 December 2005, he was installed the Chief of Assin Nsuta and the ‘Benkumhene’ or Divisional Chief of the Assin Apimanim Traditional Area in the Central Region under the Stool name of ‘Nana Ohemeng Awere V’. Personal life
Kwakye-Maafo is married to Mercy, a retired general and psychiatric nurse. Together have three children Fred, Marion, Harry and several grandchildren. He currently resides in the Ashanti region of Ghana. A staunch Methodist, he also provides consultancy to the Methodist church hospitals in Ghana.Articles, publications and presentations
	"On Haemagglutination Inhibition Measles Antibodies of Pregnant Women and the Newborn" –


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 Separation of 7S and 19S Measles Antibodies – inaugural dissertation, Berlin 1971. The Private Sector as a major Collaborator in the Health Care Delivery with emphasis on maternal and child health – April 1995
      "Quality Health Care in Ghanaian Health Institutions" - Appraisal and Challenges for the Future - Address to members of the Ghana Medical Association and to the Nation - October, 1998
	"Arresting the Brain Drain in the Health Sector" – Address to members of   the Ghana Medical Association and to the Nation – November, 1999. Integrating Traditional Medicine into Health Care Systems — 20–21 July 2001. GIMPA, Accra. “The Role of the Private Sector in the Health Delivery System.” Paper delivered at the 2nd Annual Public Lecture of the University of Ghana Medical Students Association (UGMS) Wednesday, 26 March 2003
	“Pushing  Forward Ghana’s Health Agenda” Responsibilities and Expectations of the Health Personnel in the New Ghana Health Service Paper delivered at the KNUST-MSA Inaugural Public Lecture Friday, 12 September 2003
	Challenges facing the Health Care Provider with the Introduction of National Health Insurance Scheme. 16 September 2004
	Ghanaian Perspective of Achieving Quality Health Care: The role of Traditional Medicine. Integrating Traditional Medicine into Orthodox Medicine: Is Ghana ready?[8]
	Challenges facing regional co-coordinating councils, District Assemblies and Health Care Providers with the Introduction of the National Health Insurance Scheme in Ghana. A Paper on the National Health Insurance in Ghana. * Historical Background. * Objectives and Designs. * Achievements & Challenges. See also
Yaw Osafo-Maafo
West End Hospital, Kumasi
Opoku Ware School

References

External links
Ghana Medical Association
National Health Insurance council member
15th president of the GMA
Abuakwa State news
Assin Apimanim installs Benkumhene

Living people
Ghanaian obstetricians
1940 births
Abuakwa State College alumni
Alumni of


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<mask>Wojie<mask> (; August 12, 1915 – July 13, 1992) was an American football player from 1935 to 1950. He was a two-way player who played at center on offense and at linebacker on defense. He has been inducted into both the College and Pro Football Halls of Fame, was a founder and the first president of the NFL Alumni Association, and was the third player to receive the Order of the Leather Helmet. <mask> played college football for the Fordham Rams from 1935 to 1937 and was a member of the line that became known as the Seven Blocks of Granite. He was selected as the consensus first-team All-American center in both 1936 and 1937. <mask> was selected by the Detroit Lions in the first round of the 1938 NFL Draft and played for the Lions from 1938 to 1946. He was selected as a first-team All-NFL player in 1939 and 1944.In 1946, he was released by the Lions and then sold to the Philadelphia Eagles, for whom he played from 1946 to 1950. He won two NFL championships with the Eagles, in 1948 and 1949. Early years
<mask> was born in 1915 in South River, New Jersey, and attended South River High School. His father, <mask> (1890–1974), was a Polish immigrant and tailor. College football
<mask> enrolled at Fordham University in 1935 and played college football as the center for the Fordham Rams football team from 1935 to 1937. He was a member of the Fordham line, alongside Vince Lombardi, that became known as the Seven Blocks of Granite. The undefeated 1937 Fordham team, with Wojciechowicz at center, compiled a 7–0–1 record, was ranked #3 in the final AP Poll, and gave up only 16 points all season.He was selected as the consensus first-team All-American center in both 1936 and 1937. Fordham coach Jim Crowley called <mask> "one of the great

masks:
Alexander Francis "
" Wojciechowicz
Wojciechowicz
Wojciechowicz
Wojciechowicz
Andrew Wojciechowicz
Wojciechowicz
Wojciechowicz


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 defensive centers" and noted that he "seldom made a bad pass from center." He made a name for himself in the annual rivalry games with Pittsburgh, resulting in three consecutive scoreless ties. The final tie was the only blemish on the record of the 1937 Pitt team that won the national championship in the AP Poll. <mask> later cited the Pitt games as his three biggest thrills in football, saying, "Pitt had the dream backfield, with all-America Marshall Goldberg, and we had the dream line. It was a stalemate for three years. Those three games proved what football is all about."Professional football

Detroit Lions
<mask> was selected by the Detroit Lions in the first round, sixth overall pick, of the 1938 NFL Draft. He signed with the Lions in July 1938. For nine years, <mask> was a fixture in the Lions' lineup, a 60-minute player who played at center on offense and linebacker on defense. He was selected as a first-team All-NFL player in 1939 and 1944 and had seven interceptions in 1944, a Lions single-season record at the time. Between 1938 and 1946, he appeared in 86 games for the Lions, 61 of them as a starter. The Pro Football Hall of Fame, in its biography of <mask>, states: "On the field, . . . he was all business, one of the last of the 'iron men' of football, a center on offense and a sure-tackling linebacker with unusually good range, on defense."In October 1946, after the Lions lost their season opener, Detroit coach Gus Dorais released four linemen, including <mask>. <mask> announced at the time that he would return to his business in New Jersey and added, "This day had to come, and I can't say I'm disappointed that it happened now." Philadelphia Eagles
Two days after the Lions announced his release, the Eagles purchased

masks: Wojciechowicz Wojciechowicz Wojciechowicz Wojciechowicz Wojciechowicz Wojciechowicz


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 the Lions' rights to Wojciechowicz for an undisclosed sum. He appeared in seven games for the Eagles, only one as a starter, during the 1946 season. In 1947, he became the Eagles' starting center, appearing in all 12 games for the club, 11 as a starter. The 1947 Eagles compiled an 8–4 record, finished in first place in the NFL East, but lost to the Cardinals in the 1947 NFL Championship Game. In 1948, <mask> lost the starting center job to Vic Lindskog, but appeared in 10 games, mostly on defense, for the 1948 Eagles team that shut out the Cardinals in the 1948 NFL Championship Game.In 1949, he appeared in all 12 games, but only one as a starter, as Chuck Bednarik was the starting center for the Eagles team. That year, the Eagles won their second consecutive NFL championship, shutting out the Rams in the 1949 NFL Championship Game. He was considered past his prime when he joined the Eagles, but head coach Greasy Neale used him principally as a linebacker, and he responded with quality defensive play. Teammate Jack Hinkle called <mask> the "toughest guy" on the Eagles' championship teams and added, "He looked like a big, shaggy dog. A sad-eyed St. Bernard. But he'd rip your head off." In his final NFL season, <mask> appeared in nine games, none as a starter, and saw only limited action.In December 1950, he announced that he was retiring as a player. Family, honors and later years
<mask> was married to Katherine Mallen, and they had three sons and a daughter. For many years after retiring from the NFL, he lived in Wanamassa, New Jersey, and worked as a real estate appraiser and broker. <mask> was also one of the founders of the NFL Alumni Association, established to negotiate with the owners for the creation of a pension plan to

masks: Wojciechowicz Wojciechowicz Wojciechowicz Wojciechowicz Wojciechowicz


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 benefit the game's early players, and was elected as its president in 1968. His son recalled: "He worked hard to establish the indigent players' fund and establish pensions." After retiring from football, Wojciechowicz received numerous honors including the following:
 In 1955, he was inducted to the College Football Hall of Fame. In 1968, he was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame.At the time, Bill Daley wrote in The New York Times: "Fewer than a dozen men had the durability and continuing excellence to survive the rigors of smashing play for a longer period of time." In 1969, he was selected to the National Football League 1940s All-Decade Team. In 1970, he was one of the five inaugural inductees into the Fordham University Athletic Hall of Fame. In 1971, he was inducted into the New Jersey All Sports Hall of Fame. In 1975, <mask> was inducted into the National Polish American Sports Hall of Fame. In 1982, he became the third player, after Bronko Nagurski and Red Grange, to receive the prestigious NFL Alumni Order of the Leather Helmet. In 1987, he was inducted into the Eagles Hall of Fame.<mask> died in 1992 at his home in the Forked River section of Lacey Township, New Jersey, at age 76. References

External links

1915 births
1992 deaths
All-American college football players
American football centers
American football linebackers
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
Detroit Lions players
Fordham Rams football players
Fordham University alumni
People from South River, New Jersey
Philadelphia Eagles players
Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees
American people of Polish descent
Players of American football from New Jersey
Sportspeople from Lacey Township, New Jersey
Sportspeople from Middlesex County, New

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<mask> () is the inaugural Professor V K Samaranayake Endowed Professor of Computing,  University of Colombo School of Computing, Sri Lanka. Having served as the Director of Cyber Innovation Hub he recently retired from the Canterbury Christ Church University in the United Kingdom where he researched into security and forensic investigation of Internet of Things (IoT). Currently he is engaged in promoting IoT in digital agriculture as a disruptive technology, primarily in developing countries, leading to smart agriculture resulting in higher yields in food production. Induruwa is considered the father of Internet in Sri Lanka. Education

After spending three years of his early primary education at Kahagolla Madya Maha Vidyalaya, Diyatalawa, he was admitted  to Nalanda College, Colombo from where he proceeded to the University of Sri Lanka, Katubedda Campus. He is the first student to graduate with a First Class Honours degree in Electrical or Electronics Engineering since the inception of the University of Sri Lanka, Katubedda Campus, and is the recipient of the Prof Om Prakash Kulshreshtha award for the Best Electrical and Electronic Engineering student in 1975. In September 1976 he proceeded to Imperial College London and in January 1980 he was awarded PhD from the University of London for his research on Computer Simulation Techniques in Power Systems Planning.His research supervisor was Emeritus Professor Brian J. Cory. Professional career
<mask> founded the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Moratuwa in 1985, the first and the only department of its kind in a Sri Lankan university, and served as its Head until 1998. In 1989 he pioneered and served as the Principal Investigator of project LEARN (Lanka Education and Research Network), which he developed into the

masks:
Abhaya Induruwa
Induruwa


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 academic Internet in Sri Lanka
. He obtained funds from the Sri Lankan government and other well wishers, commissioned staff and resources, provided technical and managerial leadership, and led the project LEARN to completion in 1995. He also administered the .LK domain since its first registration in 1990 until 1998. <mask> is a founding member of the Internet Society (ISOC - Kobe, 1992) and a member of the Internet Society Sri Lanka Chapter. He serves as a Member of the Advisory Group of the  Asia Internet History project, and is a contributing author.He is a Chartered Engineer, a Chartered Fellow of the  Institution of Engineering and Technology, UK, Chartered Fellow of the Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka, and a Chartered Fellow of the British Computer Society. Induruwa is a founding member of the Computer Society of Sri Lanka (1976). In recognition of his services to computer education and IT industry in Sri Lanka the Honorary Fellowship of the Computer Society of Sri Lanka was conferred on him in 2003. In recognition of his signal contribution to the growth, connectivity, and use of the Internet in Sri Lanka, and for pioneering LEARN - the first IP WAN in Sri Lanka  Induruwa was inducted to the Internet Hall of Fame 2014, an honorary lifetime achievement award administered by the Internet Society. Recognising his significant contribution to the development of networking and Internet in Sri Lanka Induruwa was honoured by the Internet Society Sri Lanka Chapter with an Internet Pioneers Award at the celebration of 20 years of Internet in Sri Lanka in June 2015. For his exceptional contribution to the digital arena Prof <mask> received a Life Time Achievement Award from Sri Lanka Telecom in June 2017. In October 2019, at the 30th anniversary celebrations of LEARN, he received the LEARN Founder

masks: Induruwa Induruwa


texts:
 Award from H E Maithripala Sirisena, the President of Sri Lanka, for proposing in 1989 the conceptual design for an academic and research network in Sri Lanka, and implementing the same between 1990-1995, finally connecting to the Internet in 1996.Prof <mask> served on the Internet Hall of Fame Advisory Board from 2016 until 2018. From 2016 to 2019 he served as a Member of the General Assembly of the European Cybercrime Education and Training Group (ECTEG) of the Europol. In 2018 he served as an Expert on Cybercrime to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) on their Education for Justice (E4J) project. In 2019 he served as an Expert to the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BelSPO) to evaluate project proposals under BRAIN-BE 2.0 (Belgian Research Action Through Interdisciplinary Networks). Life Time Achievement Awards
2003 - Honorary Fellow of the Computer Society of Sri Lanka recognizing the distinguished services to the ICT education and ICT profession in Sri Lanka

2014 - Internet Hall of Fame Lifetime Achievement Award of the Internet Society (ISOC) for pioneering IP networking and Internet in Sri Lanka

2015 - Internet Pioneers Award of the Internet Society-Sri Lanka (ISOC-LK) Chapter celebrating 20 years of Internet in Sri Lanka

2017 - Sri Lanka Telecom Zero-One Lifetime Achievement Award for exceptional contribution to the digital arena

2019 - LEARN Founder Award for proposing, designing and implementing academic and research networking, and pioneering Internet in Sri Lanka

Recent published work
 "Hybrid Intrusion Detection System for Smart Home Applications" (Chapter 12) in Developing and Monitoring Smart Environments for Intelligent Cities (Edited by Zaigham Mahmood), IGI Global, October 2020. "Snapshot of Internet in Sri Lanka around 2020" in Asia Internet History -


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 Fourth Decade (2011-2020) (Edited by Kilnam Chon), Published in April 2021. "COVID-19 track & trace apps and their data governance issues" in Asia Internet History - Fourth Decade (2011-2020) (Edited by Kilnam Chon), Published in April 2021."Security Vulnerabilities of Popular Smart Home Appliances", Conf. Proc. ICN 2021: The Twentieth International Conference on Networks, IARIA NexComm 2021 Congress, 18–21 April 2021, Porto, Portugal

Keynotes and public lectures

 "LEARN: Its Journey from 1989", Keynote address at the 30th Anniversary of Lanka Experimental Academic & Research Network (LEARN), 7 October 2019, Hotel Shangri-la, Sri Lanka. "Emerging Cyberspace Challenges and the Role of Cyber-intelligence", Main keynote address at the inauguration of the 12th International Research Conference of the General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University (KDU), 11 September 2019, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka. "Realising the Internet of Things (IoT): Can we afford to miss the opportunity? ", Plenary keynote address at the 12th International Research Conference of the General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University (KDU), 11 September 2019, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka. ()
 "Computer Science & Smart Currencies", Plenary Keynote address at the 11th International Research Conference of the General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University (KDU), 14 September 2018, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka.()
 "Sri Lanka 3CENTRE - A National Initiative for Capacity Building in Cybercrime Forensics, Cybersecurity & Cyber Intelligence", Keynote Speech delivered at the Cyber Security Industry Forum, 31 May 2017, Colombo, Sri Lanka. "Internet - the Next Wave of Disruption:  Opportunities and Threats", Keynote Speech delivered at the 34th National IT Conference (NITC 2016) of the Computer Society of Sri Lanka, 9–10 August 2016, Colombo, Sri Lanka. "Internet of


texts:
 Everything:  How secure should it be? ", Keynote Speech delivered at the 2015 IEEE International Conference on Research in Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (), 20–22 November 2015, Kolkata, India. "A (brief) Moment in Internet History", Address delivered at the 20 Years of Internet in Sri Lanka, 8 June 2015, Colombo, Sri Lanka. "Making and Breaking the Internet", Guest Speaker at the , 18 December 2014, Perth, Australia. "Distributed Computation: Its impact on Network Security and Forensics", Keynote Speech delivered at the 2014 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks, 14–16 November 2014, Kolkata, India."ICT for Inclusive Development of Sri Lanka beyond 2020", Keynote Speech delivered at the 32nd National IT Conference of the Computer Society of Sri Lanka, 26–27 August 2014, Colombo, Sri Lanka. "Intelligent Future", Seventh Annual Professor V K Samaranayake Memorial Oration delivered at the University of Colombo School of Computing, 23 July 2014, Colombo, Sri Lanka. "Hidden in the Clouds: Impact on Data Security and Forensic Investigation", Keynote Speech delivered at the International Conference on ICT for Emerging Regions, 1–2 September 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka. "Cyberwar - How Real is the Threat? ", Keynote Speech delivered at the 29th National IT Conference of the Computer Society of Sri Lanka, 24–25 August 2011, Colombo, Sri Lanka. Interviews

References

Sources

 Interview with Prof <mask> <mask>, Father of Internet in Sri Lanka

Sinhalese engineers
Sinhalese academics
Alumni of Nalanda College, Colombo
Academics of Canterbury Christ Church University
1950 births
Living people
Sri Lankan computer scientists
Sri Lankan expatriate academics
Fellows of the British Computer Society
Fellows of the Institution of Engineering

masks: Abhaya Induruwa


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<mask> (, Iōannēs Megas Komnēnos) (c. 1262 – 16 August 1297) was Emperor of Trebizond from 1280 to 1297. He was the youngest son of Emperor Manuel I and his third wife, Irene Syrikaina, a Trapezuntine noblewoman. <mask> succeeded to the throne after his full-brother George was betrayed by his archons on the mountain of Taurezion. It was during his reign that the style of the rulers of Trebizond changed; until then, they claimed the traditional title of the Byzantine emperors, "Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans", but from <mask> on they changed it to "Emperor and Autocrat of all the East, the Iberians, and the Transmarine Provinces", although Iberia had been lost in the reign of Andronikos I Gidos. <mask> is the first ruler of Trebizond for whom we know more than a few incidents and hints; there is enough information to compose a connected narrative of the first part of his reign. The chronicle of Michael Panaretos, which is often terse and even cryptic, is relatively full for <mask>'s reign, and external sources add further details to Panaretos' account. Emperor <mask> faced many challenges to his rule, which partly explains his marriage to the daughter of the Byzantine emperor <mask>ologos.This insecurity may explain the sole instance where two emperors of Trebizond appear on the coins of this polity: <mask> and his oldest son, Alexios. By associating himself with his son Alexios on these coins, <mask> may be advertising his choice for his successor. Life
<mask> was born ca. 1262/3, the son of Manuel I (reigned 1238–1263) and his wife, Irene Syrikaina. <mask>'s reign was marked from the beginning with instability. He came to the throne in June 1280, following the

masks:
John II Megas Komos
John
John II
John
John
John II
Michael VIII Palai
John
John
John
John


texts: betrayal and death of his brother George (r. 1266–1280) by his own officials. His first recorded act as Emperor was in 1281, when he received an embassy from <mask> Palaiologos (r. 1259–1282) consisting of George Acropolites and a prominent churchman by the name of Xiphilinos; the goal of this mission was to convince <mask> to discontinue using the title of "Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans".Michael had gained the throne of the Empire of Nicaea through a coup against the youthful heir <mask> IV Laskaris some 20 years before, then gained possession of Constantinople itself from the Latin Empire, and based on this achievement Michael believed that only he had the right to this title. This was not the only reason the Byzantine emperor regarded <mask> as a threat: some opponents of Michael's acceptance of union with the Western Church saw <mask> as a viable Orthodox candidate for the imperial throne. Michael considered high-ranking members of the Byzantine aristocracy who refused to embrace the union as threats to his reign, and they were imprisoned, flogged, blinded, or murdered. Michael had repeatedly petitioned <mask>'s predecessors to discontinue using the traditional imperial title. When Acropolites and Xiphilinos presented the invitation of his daughter's hand in return for ceding his ancestral title, <mask> refused this offer. <mask> replied that he was following the precedent set by his predecessors and that the nobility of Trebizond would not allow him to renounce the traditional title. Once Akropolites left Trebizond, <mask> was faced with a rebellion led by one Papadopoulos, which according to Finlay gained control of the citadel and made <mask> their

masks:
Michael VIII
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John
John


texts: prisoner.Finlay states that while it is not "possible to establish the complicity of the Byzantine agents in this business", he considers that they likely had a hand in the matter. As Finlay points out, regardless of Michael's possible machinations, "there cannot be a doubt that it [the revolt] was the cause of producing a great change in the views of the emperor of Trebizond and his court". Following the suppression of Papadopoulos' revolt, a second embassy from Michael arrived at Trebizond, composed of Demetrios Iatropoulos, logothetes ton oikeiakon, and a high ecclesiastic, who offered the bargain once again. This time <mask> agreed to the marriage, but explained it was impossible for him to lay aside the imperial title, which had been borne by his ancestors. "The title of Basileus, the purple boots, the robes embroidered with eagles, and the prostrations of the powerful chiefs of the aristocracy, were dear to the pride of the citizens of Trebizond, and attached them to the person of the emperors." After pledges of sincerity from Michael were made, <mask> agreed to the marriage. However, when he reached Constantinople, his hosts induced him, before he entered the city, to lay aside his purple boots and imperial robes out of respect for Michael Palaiologos—despite the fact his future father-in-law was absent campaigning against the Turks.In exchange for this concession, Michael awarded <mask> with the title of Despot. Michael died before the wedding took place. While <mask> was away at Constantinople, David VI Narin, the Georgian King of Imereti, besieged the capital. Though King David failed to take the city, the Georgians occupied several provinces. <mask> left

masks: John John John John John


texts: for Trebizond on 25 April 1282 with his new wife, Eudokia Palaiologina. Not long after <mask> arrived home, he was confronted by two new threats to his reign. The first was from his half-brother George, who returned to Trebizond and made an unsuccessful attempt to seize the throne.Next was his half-sister Theodora, daughter of Manuel I by his Georgian wife, Rusudan, who apparently deposed him in 1284 to rule for a short time before making a "sudden flight" (in Michael Panaretos' words) from Trebizond;  Michel Kuršanskis suggests he may have taken refuge in Tripolis. <mask> was restored to the throne no later than 1285. Panaretos, our primary source for his reign, offers us few details about the remainder of his reign. His account of <mask>'s reign—which amounts to three paragraphs—concludes with the statement that it was "during his reign the Turks seized Chalybia and launched a great invasion, so that all those places became uninhabited." During the 1290s, the Ünye fortress on the western border of the country was built by him. <mask> died at Limnia in 1297. <mask>, in his Logos, notes that when his son Alexios succeeded him, the western part of his realm was under heavy pressure from "the godless Agarenes" and only Kerasous, part of Chalybia, Oinaion, and "the thirteen towns or forts of Limnia" remained to the Empire; <mask> may have been leading his forces against the enemy when he died.His body was transported to his capital and interred in the Panagia Chrysokephalos Church ("Golden-headed" Virgin). Portraits of <mask> and his wife Eudokia could be seen in the church of St. Gregory of Nyssa, prior to its reconstruction in 1863. These portraits were notable that

masks:
John
John
John
John
John Lazaropoulos
John
John


texts:
 his robes were adorned with the single-headed eagle "the special emblem of the Comneni of Trebizond", while her robes bore the double-headed eagle of Byzantium. Foreign policy
It was in the later half of <mask>'s reign that his Empire attracted attention from the West. For most of the 13th century, Trebizond had not been on the minds of Western leaders: for example, they had played no part in the Council of Lyons in 1274. That changed in the 1290s. Pope Nicholas IV wrote two letters in 1291 inviting <mask> II to convert to Catholicism, join in a new crusade for the recovery of the Holy Land and be Christianity's envoy to the Mongols.The following year an English embassy to the Mongols passed through Trebizond; Anthony Bryer notes <mask> did little for them except lend them "his palace chef to show how the local delicacies of the Empire were cooked." About this time a Genoese colony was established in Trebizond, perhaps as early as 1290, for the English embassy records meeting a merchant of Genoa, Nicolo d'Oria, in Trebizond; he may have been the Genoese consul. Also in the first years of this decade there is evidence that the Franciscans established a convent in Trebizond, which not only served as their base for evangelizing Anatolia, but provided friars to minister to the Genoese in that city. Family and succession
<mask> is known to have two sons by Eudokia Palaiologina:
 Alexios II, who succeeded as emperor
 Michael

References

External links
Vougiouklaki Penelope, "<mask> II Grand Komnenos", Encyclopedia of the Hellenic World: Asia Minor

1262 births
1297 deaths
13th-century emperors of Trebizond
Grand Komnenos dynasty
Eastern Orthodox monarchs
Despots

masks:
John
John
John
John II
John


texts:
<mask> (born 1931 in Bodenbach, Czechoslovakia) is a German-Australian theoretical physicist who made contributions to solid state physics, optical properties of plasma with relativistic and quantum effects and nonlinear dynamics with applications of lasers for producing nuclear fusion energy. He lives in Sydney where he is an emeritus professor at the University of New South Wales and a former vice-president of the Royal Society of New South Wales. Academic career and achievements

As foundation professor of theoretical physics at the University of New South Wales from 1975 and emeritus from 1992 he established the Department of Theoretical Physics, where a number of students received the university medal, with a record level of publications and where he supervised most of his 25 PhD students. Guest and adjunct professorships include ones at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, the universities of Rochester, Bern, Iowa, Giessen, Tokyo, Regensburg, Osaka, Western Sydney and the Weizmann Institute. For seven years he was active in industrial research at Zeiss, IBM, Westinghouse and Siemens. He also was involved with research for 12 years at the Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics in Garching near Munich, Germany and for one year as attache remun. at CERN (Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire, or European Council for Nuclear Research) in Geneva, Switzerland.He consulted  to the laser movie "Der Verräter" in the TV series "Das Blaue Palais". His taped lecture course at CERN (1991) about laser acceleration of particles contributed to Gerard Mourou's PeV particle acceleration. His discoveries include


texts: the volume mechanism for photo-electric emission, sub-threshold defect generation by electron beams for producing semiconductor junctions with application in solar cells. Prof. <mask>'s first publication about growth of diamond crystals by physical vapour deposition became an IBM patent in 1964. His first general formula for nuclear energy gain at laser compression and thermal ignition of fusion led to his subsequent discovery of volume ignition (later confirmed by John Archibald Wheeler as "Wheeler modes"). Against established knowledge, he discovered electron acceleration in vacuum by lasers based on nonlinearity. His derivation of the nonlinear (ponderomotive) forces of laser-plasma interaction including dielectric effects in the Maxwellian stress tensor led to the prediction of ultrahigh acceleration of plasma blocks being confirmed experimentally by Sauerbrey with application to a new laser fusion energy scheme as block ignition of uncompressed fuel resulting in a possible nuclear energy production with less radioactivity than burning coal.He discovered the general mechanism of ponderomotive and relativistic self-focusing. His theory for crossing electron and laser beams within media (Schwarz-Hora effect) led to the discovery of the correspondence principle of electromagnetic interaction and following Nathan Rosen to nonlocality and quantum entangling. Based on the importance of including usually neglected very tiny quantities as the longitudinal field components of laser beams led to the formulation of the nonlinearity principle showing how nonlinear physics is changing from wrong linear physics into


texts:
 correct understanding. Hora initiated advanced schemes of laser driven fusion energy and became Director of the  foundation of SAFE (Society to Advance Fusion Energy) with the president Luella LaMeer Slaner from the traditional billionaires North of Manhattan and George H. Miley as executive director, to push through a law for spending $20 billion for nuclear fusion research finally signed by President Jimmy Carter in 1980. This led finally to the scheme of laser pulses of 30 kilojoule energy to produce gigajoule energy from the clean reaction of uncompressed proton-boron fuel resulting in less radioactivity than burning coal. By 2017 he and associated startup HB11 had committed to hydrogen-boron fusion
and in February 2020 announced patents on the technique using a petawatt laser. Family and personal life

<mask> and his late wife Rosemarie Hora † 2007, née Weiler, have six children and sixteen grandchildren.Degrees and awards

D. Sc. (UNSW), Dr. rer. nat. (Jena), Dipl. Physiker (Halle-Wittenberg), FAIP, FInstP (London), FRSN

Ritter-von-Gerstner Medal (1985)
Edward-Teller Medal (1991)
Dirac Medal (2001)
Ernst-Mach Medal (2002)

Books

Editor
 Founder and editor-in-chief of "Laser and Particle Beams", Cambridge University Press (1982–1991)
 Co-editor of P.A.M. Dirac "Direction of Physics", Wiley, New York 1978 (also Russian and Japanese)
 Co-editor of "Edward Teller Lectures", Imperial College London 2005
 Founder and co-editor of Conference Series "Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena", Plenum Press New York, 12 volumes 1971–1992

Author
 H. Hora. Laser Plasmas and Nuclear Energy. Plenum, New


texts:
 York, 1975, 464 pages.H<mask>. Nonlinear Plasma Dynamics. Springer, Heidelberg 1979, 250 pages. H<mask>. Physics of Laser-Driven Plasmas. Wiley, New York 1981, 334 pages (also in Russian). S. Eliezer, A.K.Ghatak, and H<mask> (foreword by Edward Teller). Introduction to the Equations of State. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1986, 378 pages. .
 H. Hora. Plasmas at High Temperature and Density. Springer, Heidelberg 1991, 456 pages. , 2nd edition paperback, S. Roderer, Regensburg 2000,
 H. Hora. Elektrodynamik.S. Roderer, Regensburg, 1994, 192 pages, . H<mask>. Nonlinear Force and Pondermotion. ILE Osaka 1996, 208 pages . H<mask>. Innovation, Technologie & Ökonomie. S. Roderer, Regensburg 1998, 248p.(2nd edition 2000)
 H<mask>. Laser Plasma Physics – Forces and the Nonlinearity Principle. Spie Press 2000, Bellingham, WA, 232p. H. <mask>. Laser Plasma Physics – Forces and the Nonlinearity Principle. Spie Press 2016, Bellingham, WA, 350p. S. Eliezer, A.K.Ghatak, and H<mask>. Fundamentals of Equations of State. World Scientific Publishing, Singapore 2002, 385p. <mask>ra. Keine Klimakatstrophe – es ist viel schlimmer (No Climatic Catastrophe – it is much worse) 202 pages, Sydney 2007,  same: Klimakatastrophe Überwinden. Roderer-Verlag, Regensburg 2007, 202 pages
 <mask> Klimaprobleme – Lösungwege, S. Roderer-Verlag, Regensburg 2010, 256 pages,

See also
Aneutronic fusion

References

External links
University of New South Wales – School of Physics

1931 births
Living people
Theoretical physicists
20th-century German physicists
20th-century Australian physicists
People associated with CERN
People from

masks:
. Hora
. Hora
. Hora
. Hora
. Hora
. Hora
Hora
. Hora
Heinrich Ho
Heinrich Hora


texts:
<mask>, 1st Baron <mask> of Harrowden (c. 1460 – 14 May 1523) was a soldier and courtier in England and an early member of the House of Commons. He was the son of Lancastrian loyalists Sir <mask> of Harrowden and Katherine Penyson (or Peniston as she is sometimes called in later sources), a lady of the household of Queen Margaret of Anjou, wife of the Lancastrian king, Henry VI of England. Katherine was daughter of Gregorio Panizzone of Courticelle (modern Cortiglione), in Piedmont, Italy which was at that time subject to King René of Anjou, father of Queen Margaret of Anjou, as ruler of Provence. He grew up during the years of Yorkist rule and later served under the founder of the Tudor dynasty, Henry VII. Overview
<mask>'s mother, Katherine, an attendant on Margaret of Anjou, remained constant to her mistress when others forsook the Lancastrian cause. Katherine's husband, Sir <mask>, whom she had married not long before she obtained her letters of denization, was attainted in 1461 and later slain at the Battle of Tewkesbury. Despite her husband's misfortune, <mask> remained loyal to her mistress: she stayed by the Queen during her imprisonment in the Tower of London, and on Margaret's release in 1476 went with her into exile (as she had done earlier in the 1460s), living with her until her death six years later.Katherine's two children did not share either her confinement or her travels abroad; instead, <mask> and his sister Joan, were brought up in the household of Lady Margaret Beaufort (mother of Henry VII), without charge, even though Edward IV restored two manors to the family for the maintenance of him and his sister. Katherine's devotion was rewarded after the triumph of Henry VII at Bosworth, where <mask>, as a protégé of Lady Margaret Beaufort, probably fought under her husband Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby; the petition for the reversal

masks:
Nicholas Vaux
Vaux
William Vaux
Nicholas Vaux
William Vaux
Katherine Vaux
Nicholas Vaux
Nicholas Vaux


texts:
 of the attainder on <mask>'s father and the forfeiture of his property was accepted by the King in the Parliament of 1485, and not long after <mask> was named to the commission of the peace for his home county. Politics
He fought for Henry VII at Stoke and Blackheath, being knighted on the field for his service in both battles. Not only was he active and diligent in local government but he was also frequently at court attending all the great state occasions at home and abroad until his death; in 1511 he entertained Henry VIII at Harrowden. It was as a soldier and diplomat, however, that he made his mark. Given the important command at Guisnes, he distinguished himself during the Tournai campaign in 1513 and then in the missions (he had had some earlier experiences in negotiating, chiefly with Burgundy) to the French King about the English withdrawal and the several royal marriage treaties. Later, he was one of the devisers of the Field of the Cloth of Gold.His sister, Joan, had also benefited from the change of dynasty: she entered the royal household, became governess to Henry VII's daughters and married successively Sir Richard Guildford and the father of Sir <mask>, Sir Anthony Poyntz. <mask> was a natural candidate for election to Parliament, although in the absence of so many returns for the early Tudor period he is known to have been a Member only in 1515 when he and Sir John Hussey took a memorandum on certain Acts from the Commons up to the Lords. Presumably, he sat for his own shire on this occasion as he was afterwards appointed to the Northamptonshire commission for the subsidy which he had helped to grant. Missions to France
On 4 September 1514, <mask> with his second wife Anne Green were part of the delegation tasked with delivering Princess Mary, the king's sister, to Abbeville in France to be married to King Louis XII of France. He also

masks:
Vaux
Vaux
Nicholas Potz
Vaux
Vaux


texts:
 was present with  his second wife Anne Green at the Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520 where he attended upon the King and Queen Catherine of Aragon. He was joined by Sir Thomas Parr, his wife Maud Green, and his brother Sir William Parr of Horton. Marriages & issue
Vaux married twice:
Firstly to Elizabeth FitzHugh (d.29 January 1508), widow of Sir William Parr of Kendal, and daughter of Henry FitzHugh, 5th Baron FitzHugh of Ravensworth, by his wife Alice Neville, a niece of Cecily Neville, Duchess of York.The wedding took place most likely after the 1485 Battle of Bosworth when Henry Tudor (later King Henry VII) defeated Richard III, and was most likely planned to secure the allegiance of the FitzHugh family to the new Tudor dynasty, Henry VII's wife Elizabeth of York being a relative of Cecily Neville, Duchess of York. By his first wife he had three daughters:
<mask> (c.1490-1571), who married Sir George Throckmorton of Coughton Court in Warwickshire, and had issue;
<mask> (d.1543), who in about 1501 married Sir Richard Sapcote, without issue;
<mask>, who married Sir Thomas Le Strange (1493–1545) and had issue. Secondly, shortly after the death of his first wife, he married  Anne Green (who predeceased him), a daughter and co-heiress of Sir Thomas Green of Boughton and Green's Norton, Northamptonshire, by his wife Jane Fogge. Anne Green was the aunt of Queen Catherine Parr (whose mother was Maud Green), the sixth wife of King Henry VIII. By his second wife he had two sons and three daughters:
<mask>, 2nd Baron <mask> of Harrowden (1510 – Oct 1556), eldest son and heir, who in about 1523 married Elizabeth Cheney (1505-1556), a grand-daughter of his father's first wife (Elizabeth Cheney was a daughter of Sir Thomas Cheney of Irtlingburgh by his wife Anne Parr, a daughter of William Parr, 1st Baron Parr of Kendal by his second wife Elizabeth FitzHugh).

masks:
Katherine Vaux
Alice Vaux
Anne Vaux
Thomas Vaux
Vaux


texts:
 <mask> (d. May 1523), who died unmarried. <mask>, who married Sir Francis Pulteney (1502 – c. 17 May 1548) of Misterton, by whom she had issue including:
Sir Gabriel Pulteney (d. 31 August 1599) of Knowle Hall, who   married Dorothy Spencer, a daughter of Sir William Spencer of Althorp in Northamptonshire.<mask>, who in about 1538 married Maurice Welsh;
<mask> (d. 14 April 1569), who married Sir John Fermor of Easton Neston in Northamptonshire, by whom she had issue including:
Katherine Fermor, who married Sir Henry Darcy, a son of Sir Arthur Darcy (a descendant of the Barons Darcy of Knaith) by his wife Mary Carew. In popular culture
Sir <mask> is a character in William Shakespeare's Henry VIII. Ancestry

Notes

References

 Throckmorton family history: being the records of the Throckmortons in the United States of America with cognate branches, emigrant ancestors located at Salem, Massachusetts, 1630, and in Gloucester county, Virginia, 1660
 Ancestral roots of certain American colonists who came to America by Frederick Lewis Weis, Walter Lee Sheppard, David Faris. Catholic gentry in English society: the Throckmortons of Coughton by Peter Marshall
 Women and politics in early modern England, 1450–1700 By James Daybell
 The Magna Charta sureties, 1215: the barons named in the Magna Charta, 1215 by Frederick Lewis Weis
 The Family Forest Descendants of Lady Joan Beaufort by Bruce Harrison
 The House of Commons: 1509 – 1558 ; 1, Appendices, constituencies, members A – C, Volume 4

 Six Wives: The Queens of Henry VIII by David Starkey
 Katherine, the Queen by Linda Porter
 Kateryn Parr: the making of a queen by Susan E. James

|-

1460 births
<mask> of Harrowden, <mask>, 1st Baron
15th-century English soldiers
16th-century English soldiers
16th-century English nobility
Barons <mask> of Harrowden
English soldiers
Nicholas
English people of Italian

masks:
William Vaux
Margaret Vaux
Bridget Vaux
Maud Vaux
Nicholas Vaux
Vaux
Nicholas Vaux
Vaux


texts:
<mask> (January 27, 1921 – April 6, 2010) was professor of philosophy at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln and at the Vienna University of Technology. After recovering from life-threatening wounds during World War II, he studied chemistry and physics at the Universities of Vienna and Graz, eventually turning to the study of the philosophy of science, and receiving his Ph.D. in 1959. He moved to the United States in 1967, in part, because of problems faced by empirically oriented philosophers in obtaining academic positions in Austria and Germany. He is notable for his contributions to philosophy of science, as a member of European Academy of Sciences and Arts, for founding the journal Theory and Decision, for co-founding Theory and Decision Library, and for co-founding the Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society and International Wittgenstein Symposium. Biography

Intellectual

<mask> was a pioneer of scientific philosophy, game and decision theory in the tradition of the Vienna Circle. From 1945 to 1950, he studied chemistry and physics at the University of Graz and the University of Vienna and during this time he did research in chemistry. In 1954, he turned to the study of philosophy, logic and the philosophy of science and received his Ph.D. in 1959 for his dissertation Anschauung, Abstraktion und Integration im modernen physikalischen Denken (Intuition, abstraction and integration in modern physical thought) from the University of Vienna.From 1960 to 1963, he worked as a research assistant at the University of Munich in philosophy of science and

masks:
Werner Leinfellner
Werner Leinfellner


texts:
 logic. In 1963, he moved back to Vienna and was a research fellow and assistant professor at the Institute of Advanced Studies in philosophy of science, economics, social and political sciences, and game and decision theory. During this time, he was also a lecturer at the University of Vienna. In 1967, due to an unfavorable political and scientific climate in  post-war Austria, he was unable to obtain a tenured faculty position in Austria and so he moved to Lincoln, Nebraska and joined the department of philosophy at the university of Nebraska-Lincoln as a full professor. In 1970, he founded the journal Theory and Decision, an international journal for philosophy and methodology of the social sciences. The founding of the journal was, in part, a reaction to the dogmatic, subjective, and metaphysical approaches he had encountered in Europe prior to coming to the United States. His vision was that Theory and Decision would help found a philosophy of the social science based on three premises:
(1) it would help in the formation of categories based on logic and mathematics for the social sciences;
(2)  it would promote the development of mathematical theories and research methods for the social sciences; and
(3)  it would promote the integration of theories and formal methods across the social sciences.In 1974, he cofounded Theory and Decision Library also based on these three principles. Indeed, Eberlein and Berghel (1988) concluded:

It was essentially <mask>'s accomplishment that the ideal of logical empiricism in the 1930s and 1940s, to create a


texts: "unified science", was replaced by that of a "methodological unity of science". Accordingly,... the THEORY AND DECISION school of the philosophy of the social science can substantiate his claim: "... There are no longer any methodological differences at issue". Certainly the term "methodological" has to be interpreted in a broad sense, implicating the unity of science due to common standards of theory formation and to the fact that theories are the methodological basic units of the social science disciplines. Furthermore, "methodological unity", in the context of this journal and library, refers to the continuously differentiated and integrated unity of an undogmatic, pluralistic philosophy of the social sciences (page xii). In 1976, <mask> together with his wife <mask> cofounded the Austrian Wittgenstein Society and the International Wittgenstein Symposium in Kirchberg am Wechsel.In 1986, he became professor emeritus at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and returned to Vienna Austria as professor at the  Vienna University of Technology. In 1991, he became a member of the Science Board at the Institute Vienna Circle. Its goal is to document the continued development of the Vienna Circle's work in science and the continued application of logical-empirical thought to the philosophy of science and thereby it continues Leinfellner's goal of breaking away from irrational, dogmatic, fundamentalist though. During his career, he received several awards and prizes including Theodor Körner Prize (twice), the Medal of the College de France, Paris, the Grand

masks:
Werner Leinfellner
Elisabeth Leinfellner


texts:
 Honorary Cross for Science and Art, 1st Class, Austria, and membership in the European Academy of Sciences and Arts. Personal

During World War II, he was required to serve in the German army and was subsequently seriously wounded on the Russian front. After a year of recovering from his wounds he deserted the German army and joined the resistance at the end of the war In 1960, he married <mask> and they had one daughter Ruth. He died in a Vienna hospital on April 6, 2010 and his wife Elisabeth preceded him in death three months earlier on January 4, 2010.Philosophical and scientific views

Philosophy of science

For Leinfellner, science and philosophy are complementary in that they are both required for knowledge and discovery. Science has revealed a whole new way of viewing nature and society than existed prior to the 20th century. In the past, according to Leinfellner, physical and chemical processes were thought to follow deterministic laws of nature, but this view fell through as the sciences became theoretically more rigorous. In the social and economic sciences, he argued that we have to drop the notion of deterministic laws and search for rules instead. These rules, to varying degrees, involve randomness. Indeed, there are likely an enormous number of social rules all subject to randomness that would appear to result in chaos, but more likely these—rules discovered by the social and economic sciences—produce systems that are more or less stable but subject to chaotic breakdowns now and then. For Leinfellner, this probabilistic aspect of rules


texts:
 and laws extends to the universe.Cultural evolution of social and political systems

Leinfellner long viewed game and decision theory as theoretical and methodological frameworks within which the social sciences could be integrated. This was the major motivation for the founding of the journal Theory and Decision and for confounding Theory and Decision Library. Later, Leinfellner would come to view evolutionary game theory as a theoretical framework for integrating biological and cultural evolution. Once placed in an evolutionary game-theoretic framework, it is possible to explain how societal cooperation evolves even though selfishness is favored at the individual level

He viewed evolution as always at work but always producing surprises. He recognized that we can partially influence evolutionary processes themselves, both biological and cultural evolution. This, however, creates an unimaginable responsibility for society especially when compared to the pre-20th-century view of humans as passive-spectators in world-as-machine view, ultimately unable to influence what we do. He viewed the evolution of society and the ability of humans to influence evolutionary processes as having enormous ethical implications, which we must deal with.The ethical implications, in part, arise because we cannot ultimately know the consequences of our influences on biological and cultural evolution. In his view, biological and cultural evolutionary processes have implications that go beyond individual humans. At a political level, authoritarian planned economies that don't


texts:
 consider the randomness inherent in evolutionary processes are doomed, sooner or later, to failure. The fact that we are active participants in our own biological and cultural evolution means that we can intervene with science and technology to influence our future societal evolution—with considerable uncertainty as to the outcomes—but this also creates fundamental philosophical and ethical problems. From a cognitive point of view, the rules by which we interact socially are the result of both biological and cultural evolution according to Leinfellner. For example, in his view, one doesn't need to necessarily learn to be a father when you see your child for the first time. There are basic "rules of fatherhood" that are instinctual.As he said: "At least this is how it was at the birth of my daughter". Nevertheless, to learn how to be a father also requires rules obtained by social and cultural learning. These rules, however, can malfunction for a variety of reasons including the fact that we have free will. Selected publications

<mask> (1962) Komplementaritätslogik und die Struktur physikalischer Theorien (The logic of complementarity and structure of physical theories). Wissenschaft und Welbild, 15, 277–304. <mask> (1964) Die Konzeption der Analytizität in wissenschaftlichen Theorien (The concept of analyticity in scientific theories). Philosophie Naturalist, 8, 397–418.<mask> (1965) Struktur und Aufbau wissenschaftlicher Theorien : eine wissenschaftstheoretisch - philosophische Untersuchung (The structure and form of scientific theories: a theory of

masks:
Werner Leinfellner
Werner Leinfellner
Werner Leinfellner


texts: science - philosophical inquiry). Wien-Würzburg: Physika Verlag. <mask> (1965) Einführung in die Erkenntnis- und Wissenschaftstheorie. (Introduction to the theory of knowledge and scientific theories) (B. E. Hochschultaschenbücher Vol. 41/41a). Mannheim: Bibliographisches Institut (first edition). <mask> (1966) Die Entstehung der Theorie: eine Analyse des kritischen Denkens in der Antike.(The beginning of theory: an analysis of critical thinking in history) Freiburg-München: Alber. <mask> (1968) Generalization of classical decision theory. Risk and Uncertainty, ed. K. Borch and J. Mossin. London-New Your: Macmillan, 196–218. <mask> (1973) Historical time and a new conception of the historical science. The methodological unity of science, ed.M. Bunge. Dordrecht: Reidel, 193–219. <mask> (1974) Forschunglogic der Sozialwissenschaften. (The logic of research in the social sciences) (edited with W. Kroeber-Riel and G. Eberlein). Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Universitätsverlag. <mask> and <mask> (1978). Ontologie Systemtheorie und Semantik.(Ontology system theory and semantics) Berlin: Duncker and Humblot. <mask> (1979) Logik und Semantik socialwissenschaftlicher Theorien. (Logic and semantics of theories in the social sciences.) Logik und Wirtschaftswissenschaft, ed. R. Kamitz. Berlin: Duncker und humblot, 163–184. <mask> (1980) Spieltheorie.Handbuck wissenschaftstheoretischer Begriffe. (Handbook of epistemological terms.) Vol. 3 ed J. Speck Göttingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, 597–599. <mask> (1982) Is Wittgenstein a transcendental philosopher? Revista Portuguesa

masks:
Werner Leinfellner
Werner Leinfellner
Werner Leinfellner
Werner Leinfellner
Werner Leinfellner
Werner
Elisabeth Leinfellner
Werner Leinfellner
Werner Leinfellner
Werner Leinfellner


texts: de Filosofia, 38, 13–27. <mask> (1983) Evolution of intelligence Epistemology and Philosophy of Science, ed.P Weingartner and J. Czermak. Vienna: Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky and Dordrecht-Boston: Reidel, 161–168. <mask> (1983) Foundations of the theory of evolution: four models of evolution. Abstracts of the Seventh International Congress of Logic, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science, Vol. 4 ed P Weingartner, Salzburg, 302–307. <mask> (1984) Evolutionary causality, theory of games, and evolution of intelligence. Concepts and approaches in evolutionary epistemology, ed.F. Wuketits. Dordrecht-Boston: Reidel, 233–276. <mask> (1985) Intentionality representation, and the brain language. Philosophy of Mind – Philosophy of Psychology, ed. R Chiholm et al. Vienna: Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky and Dordrecht-Boston: Reidel, 44–55. <mask> (1986) The Prisoner's dilemma and its evolutionary iteration.Paradoxical effects of social behavior: Essays in honor of Anatol Rapoport, ed. A. Diekmann and P. Mitter. Heidelberg, Physika: 135–149. <mask> (1986) A reconstruction of Schlick's psycho-sociological ethics. Synthese, 64, 317–349. <mask> (1995) The new theory of evolution – a theory of democratic societies. in Götschl, Johann (Hrsg.)Revolutionary Changes in Understanding Man and Society, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers (S. 1149–189). <mask> (1998) Game theory, sociodynamics, and cultural evolution. Game theory, experience, rationality. ed. W<mask> and Eckehart Köhler,Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. <mask> (2000) The role of creativity and randomizers in societal

masks:
Werner Leinfellner
Werner Leinfellner
Werner Leinfellner
Werner Leinfellner
Werner Leinfellner
Werner Leinfellner
Werner Leinfellner
Werner Leinfellner
. Leinfellner
Werner Leinfellner