texts:
 Order of Max Joseph (Bavaria)
 Grand Commander's Star of the House Order of Hohenzollern (Prussia)
  (military), 8 August 1914; with Oak Leaves, 23 February 1915 (Prussia)
 Grand Cross of the Iron Cross, 24 March 1918 (Prussia)
 Iron Cross 1st and 2nd Class
 Commander 2nd Class of the Order of the Zähringer Lion (Baden)
 Knight of the Military Order of St. Henry (Saxony)
 Knight of the Military Merit Order ()
 Knight Grand Cross of the House and Merit Order of Peter Frederick Louis with Swords and Laurels
 Military Merit Cross, 2nd class ()
 Military Merit Cross, 1st Class with War Decoration (Austria-Hungary)
 Commander with Star of the Order of Franz Joseph (Austria-Hungary)
 Gold Military Merit Medal (, Austria-Hungary)
 Cross for Merit in War (Saxe-)

Writings

Books (selection)

 1919: Meine Kriegserinnerungen 1914–1918. Berlin: Mittler & Sohn (republished 1936)
 1933: Mein militärischer Werdegang. Blätter der Erinnerung an unser stolzes Heer. Munich: Ludendorffs Verlag
 1937: with Mitarbeitern: Mathilde Ludendorff – ihr Werk und Wirken. Munich: Ludendorffs Verlag
 1937: Auf dem Weg zur Feldherrnhalle. Lebenserinnerungen an die Zeit des 9. November 1923.Munich: Ludendorffs Verlag
 1939: with Mathilde Ludendorff: Die Judenmacht, ihr Wesen und Ende. Munich: Ludendorffs Verlag

Smaller publications
 1926: Die Revolution von oben. Das Kriegsende und die Vorgänge beim Waffenstillstand. Zwei Vorträge. Lorch: Karl Rohm
 1932: Schändliche Geheimnisse der Hochgrade. Ludendorffs Verlag, Munchen
 1934: Wie der Weltkrieg 1914 „gemacht“ wurde. Munich: Völkischer Verlag
 1934: Das Marne-Drama.Der Fall


type: original

texts:
 Moltke-Hentsch. Munich: Ludendorffs Verlag
 1934: "Tannenberg". Zum 20. Jahrestag der Schlacht. Munich: Ludendorffs Verlag
 1934: Die politischen Hintergründe des 9. November 1923. Munich: Ludendorffs Verlag
 1935: Über Unbotmäßigkeit im Kriege.Munich: Ludendorffs Verlag
 1935: Französische Fälschung meiner Denkschrift von 1912 über den drohenden Krieg. Munich: Ludendorffs Verlag
 1938-40: Feldherrnworte. Munich: Ludendorffs Verlag
 1939: Tannenberg. Geschichtliche Wahrheit über die Schlacht. Munich: Ludendorffs Verlag

As publisher
 1929–1933 (banned): Ludendorffs Volkswarte ("Ludendorff's Peoples' Viewpoint"; weekly) Munich

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Astore, William J. "The Tragic Pursuit of Total Victory." MHQ: Quarterly Journal of Military History (Autumn 2007) 20#1) pp 64–73.</ref.Brownell, William and Denise Drace-Brownell. The First Nazi: <mask>, The Man Who Made Hitler Possible (Berkeley: Counterpoint, 2016). 356pp highly negative online review

 Jones, LTC William A. Ludendorff: Strategist (Pickle Partners Publishing, 2015) online. Showalter, Dennis, and William J. Astore. Hindenburg: Icon of German Militarism  (2005) excerpt

Primary sources

<mask>, <mask>. The Coming War. Faber and Faber, 1931.()
Ludendorff, <mask>. The Nation at War. Hutchinson, London, 1936. ()

German studies
 Amm, Bettina: Ludendorff-Bewegung. In: Wolfgang Benz (Hrsg. ): Handbuch des Antisemitismus. Judenfeindlichkeit in Geschichte und Gegenwart, Band 5: Organisationen, Institutionen, Bewegungen.De Gruyter, Berlin 2012. page 393 ff. .
 Gruchmann, Lothar: Ludendorffs „prophetischer“ Brief an Hindenburg

masks:
Erich Ludendorff
Ludendorff
Erich
Erich


texts:
 vom Januar/Februar 1933. Eine Legende. In: Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte. Band 47, 1999. pages 559–562. Nebelin, Manfred: Ludendorff. Diktator im Ersten Weltkrieg. Siedler, München 2011. .
 Pöhlmann, Markus: Der moderne Alexander im Maschinenkrieg.In: Stig Förster (Hrsg. ): Kriegsherren der Weltgeschichte. 22 historische Porträts. Beck, München 2006.  pages 268–286. Puschner, Uwe; Vollnhals, Clemens (Hrgb. ); Die völkisch-religiöse Bewegung im Nationalsozialismus; Göttingen 2012 . Schwab, Andreas: Vom totalen Krieg zur deutschen Gotterkenntnis.Die Weltanschauung <mask>dorffs. In: Schriftenreihe der Eidgenössischen Militärbibliothek und des Historischen Dienstes. Nr. 17, Bern 2005. Wegehaupt, Phillip: "Ludendorff, <mask>". In: Wolfgang Benz (Hrsg. ): Handbuch des Antisemitismus.Bd. 2: Personen. De Gruyter Saur, Berlin 2009, , page 494 ff. (retrieved über Verlag Walter de Gruyter

masks:
Erich Luden
Erich


texts:
<mask> (born October 4, 1967) is an American former professional basketball player and current women's basketball head coach at West Virginia Wesleyan College. She played for the Charlotte Sting and Washington Mystics in the WNBA, as well as for European and South American professional teams, the U.S. Olympic team, and the University of Maryland Terrapins. <mask> played at various times as a center, small forward, and power forward. She was inducted into the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame in 2011. Early years
<mask> spent her childhood in Martinsburg, West Virginia. She grew up playing backyard basketball with her six brothers. One of her older brothers coached her high school basketball team and helped Bullett attract the attention of collegiate scouts.<mask>'s younger brother Scott played Major League Baseball for the Pittsburgh Pirates and Chicago Cubs in the 1990s. College career
<mask> is one of the most decorated players in the history of the women's basketball program at the University of Maryland, which she attended from 1985 to 1989. Over the course of her college career, <mask> averaged 16.9 points per game and 8.5 rebounds per game. She set Maryland records for points scored, field goals made, and rebounds recovered. She led the Terrapins to three ACC titles and one NCAA Final Four. In 1989, <mask> was named ACC Tournament MVP, ACC Player of the Year, and a Kodak All-American. She was also chosen for the All-ACC First Team in 1987, 1988, and 1989.<mask> graduated from Maryland with a bachelor's degree in general studies. In 2001, she returned to school and earned an additional degree in social work. After she graduated, the University of Maryland honored <mask> by retiring her jersey (#23). She was also named a member of the ACC Women's Basketball 50th Anniversary team in 2003. In 2007, <mask> was named an ACC Women's Basketball Legend. She is also a member of the Maryland

masks:
Victoria Andrea Bullett
Bullett
Bullett
Bullett
Bullett
Bullett
Bullett
Bullett
Bullett
Bullett


texts:
 Athletics Walk of Fame. Fellow left-handed forward Crystal Langhorne in 2007-2008 broke many of <mask>'s Maryland career records.USA Basketball
<mask> was selected to the 1988 and 1992 United States Olympic Teams, which won gold and bronze medals, respectively. She also played on the 1986 USA Select (junior national) team, the United States team which won the gold medal at the 1990 World Championships, and the United States team for the 1990 Goodwill Games. <mask> was a member of the USA National team at the 1990 World Championships, held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The team won their opening round games fairly easily, with the closest of the first three games a 27-point victory over Czechoslovakia. Then they faced Cuba, a team that had beaten the US in exhibition matches only a few weeks earlier. The USA team was losing at halftime, but came back to win 87–78. The USA team found itself behind at halftime to Canada in their next game, but came back to win easily 95–70.After an easy match against Bulgaria, the USA team faced Czechoslovakia again, end achieved an almost identical result, winning 87–59. In the title match, the USA team won the gold medal with a score of 88–78. <mask> averaged 9.5 points per game. Professional career
When the WNBA was founded in 1997, <mask> was assigned by the league to the Charlotte Sting in the Initial Player Allocation phase of the draft. Over the next three seasons, <mask> started in all 90 Sting games and averaged more than 10 points per game. In all three seasons, the Sting reached the WNBA Playoffs. In 1999, <mask> was named as a reserve to the inaugural WNBA Eastern Conference All-Star team, and played in the All-Star Game as a substitute for the injured Rebecca Lobo.In January 2000, <mask> was traded to the Washington Mystics. Over the next three seasons, she started in all 96 of the Mystics' games. <mask> broke a WNBA record on July 3, 2001 by

masks: Bullett Bullett Bullett Bullett Bullett Bullett Bullett Bullett Bullett


texts:
 playing 55 minutes in the Mystics' quadruple-overtime victory over the Seattle Storm. Her cumulative WNBA accomplishments in six seasons included more than 800 field goals made, more than 1100 rebounds, more than 250 assists, more than 250 blocks, and more than 350 steals. <mask> was also a renowned professional basketball player in Italy through much of the 1990s. She played for Bari from 1990 to 1993, then for Cesena from 1993 to 1997. Four times during her career, <mask> was named an All-Star for the Italian league.In addition, <mask> played several years in Brazil for the Data Control/Fluminense professional team, which won the Brazilian league championship in 1998. Coaching career
<mask> retired from the WNBA after the 2002 season, then retired from overseas professional play in 2007. She moved back to Martinsburg, West Virginia, which renamed the street where she grew up "<mask> Street" in her honor. She then taught for the Board of Education of Berkeley County, West Virginia and took graduate courses in education. She became a teacher at South Middle School in Martinsburg. In January 2009, the Washington Mystics hired <mask> as an assistant coach. In June 2009, the Mystics announced that <mask> would also take on the responsibilities of Manager of Basketball Operations.In June 2011, <mask> was inducted into the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame in Knoxville, Tennessee along with Ruthie Bolton, Muffet McGraw, Val Ackerman, Pearl Moore, and Lometa Odem. Since leaving the Mystics in 2009, <mask> has taken the head coaching job for the women's basketball team at Hagerstown Community College in Hagerstown Maryland. In 2011, she signed on as assistant coach to Dr. Marlys Palmer. As of March 2012 <mask> has taken over the many roles needed to coach a successful coaching position. On May 10, 2016, she was named as the head coach for the women's basketball team at West Virginia Wesleyan

masks:
Bullett
Bullett
Bullett
Bullett
Vicky Bullett
Bullett
Bullett
Bullett
Bullett
Bullett


texts:
<mask> (c. 5 January 1928 – 22 October 2011) ( Sulṭān ibn ʿAbdulʿazīz Āl Suʿūd), called <mask> ( Sulṭan al Khair) in Saudi Arabia, was the Saudi defense minister from 1963 to 2011 and the crown prince of Saudi Arabia from 2005 to 2011. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Riyadh in the mid to late 1920s to early 1930s, with the year being given as 1925, 1928, 1930, and 1931. He was the 15th son of King <mask> and his mother was Hassa bint Ahmed Al Sudairi. He was the second of the Sudairi Seven, who also included Fahd, Nayef and Salman. <mask>, along with many of his brothers, received his early education in religion, modern culture, and diplomacy at the royal court. Early experience
His career in public service began in 1940 when he was made a deputy to Riyadh governor or emir, Prince Nasser. In 1947, Prince <mask> replaced Prince Nasser as governor of Riyadh.Prince <mask> also assisted King Abdulaziz's attempts to establish a national administrative system based on the Islamic Sharia law during this period. In 1947, Prince <mask> oversaw ARAMCO's construction of the Kingdom's rail link between Dammam and Riyadh. He was appointed as the kingdom’s first minister of agriculture in 1953 and minister of transport in 1955. Following the assassination of Lebanese prime minister, Riad Al Solh, in 1951 King Abdulaziz sent Prince <mask> to Beirut to offer condolences to late prime minister's family. Although the direct military experience of Prince <mask> was brief, heading the Royal Guard in Riyadh in the early 1950s, he felt a lifelong connection to the military and the cause of Saudi independence from an early age. Major General Carl von Horn, Swedish commander of the UN observer mission

masks:
Sultan bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
Sultan the Good
Sultan
Abdulaziz
Prince Sultan
Sultan
Sultan
Sultan
Sultan
Sultan


texts:
 during the Yemeni civil war, described the Prince <mask> as "a volatile and emotional young man" in the early days. Minister of defense and aviation
In 1963, Crown Prince Faisal appointed <mask> as minister of defense and aviation.He presided over the development of the Saudi armed forces. During the reign of King Faisal, Prince <mask> was particularly interested in Yemen. At the beginning of King Faisal's reign in 1964 Prince <mask> became a member of the council which had been established by the king to guide the succession issues. In the late 1966 Prince <mask> survived an assassination attempt by the revolutionary Yemenites who were assisted by Egyptian intelligence. His influence declined under the reign of King Khalid due to the fact that in 1977 Prince <mask> unsuccessfully tried to prevent Prince Abdullah bin <mask> from becoming heir apparent when the king died. <mask> purchased U.S. tanks, fighter planes, missiles, and AWACS (airborne warning and control systems). However, as a result of problems assimilating technology within its armed forces, a relatively high proportion of the military equipment is stored or under maintenance, despite a large portion of Saudi's $34 billion defense budget being spent on maintaining military equipment.<mask> allegedly became extraordinarily wealthy from kickbacks by Western businesses that handled multibillion-dollar defense contracts. He was involved in many scandals, including the Al Yamamah deal. However, his influence remained unhindered until his health began to deteriorate. During his tenure, Saudi Arabia became the largest importer of U.S. arms, and he was a strong proponent of the U.S.-Saudi partnership. As well, <mask> authorized a deal with

masks:
Sultan
Prince Sultan
Sultan
Sultan
Sultan
Sultan
Abdulaziz
Sultan
Sultan
Sultan


texts:
 the British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) in 1965. His program, called Operation Magic Carpet, traded £16 million for six second-hand Lightnings, six Hawker Hunters, and a set of missile launchers going to Royal Saudi Air Force. Geoffrey Edwards served as the official intermediary.British pilots also came over, privately contracted. <mask> was an expert on the Yemen civil war and Soviet involvement in the Horn of Africa in 1985. In 1996, <mask> opposed Pentagon plans to relocate U.S. troops to safer locations after the Dhahran complex bombings. He visited Iran in May 1999 that was the first official visit of a Saudi minister since 1979. Second Deputy Prime Minister
On 13 June 1982, after the death of King Khalid and Crown Prince Fahd became the King, <mask> was appointed second deputy prime minister. Opposition to his appointment as second deputy prime minister came in particular from his elder half-brothers Musaid and Bandar. The objection of Prince Musaid was easily ignored since his son, Faisal bin Musaid, had assassinated King Faisal.However, the interests of Bandar <mask> were much harder to ignore. Thus, he was compensated and the dispute was resolved. <mask>, in December 1995, attempted to seize power through the support of the Ulema when Crown Prince Abdullah was in Oman for a summit of the Gulf Cooperation Council. However, his attempted coup failed. <mask> was one of the members of the Al Saud Family Council established by Crown Prince Abdullah in June 2000 to discuss private issues such as business activities of princes and marriages of princess to individuals who were not members of the House of Saud. Crown Prince

On 1 August 2005, <mask> <mask> was designated heir apparent despite

masks:
Prince Sultan
Prince Sultan
Prince Sultan
bin Abdulaziz
Prince Sultan
Prince Sultan
Sultan bin
Abdulaziz


texts:
 having a discord with King Abdullah. During the same period he led the group called Sudairi Seven, being the eldest of the group after King Fahd's demise.Various positions
During the 1970s <mask> was one of the members of the inner family council which was led by King Khalid and included <mask>'s brothers Prince Mohammed, Crown Prince Fahd, Prince Abdullah, and Prince Abdul Muhsin and his uncles Prince Ahmed and Prince Musaid. <mask> was Saudi Arabia's inspector general. He was chairman of the board of Saudi Arabia's national airline, Saudi Arabian Airlines. As chairman, he approved a ban on smoking inside all Saudi airports. In 1986, he founded the Saudi National Commission for Wildlife Conservation. He was chairman of the Higher Council for Islamic Affairs, which financially supports Muslim communities around the world. Scientific prizes sponsored by Prince <mask> bin Abdulaziz
 Prince <mask> bin Abdulaziz prize for water.He was the founder and patron of the Prince <mask> Abdulaziz International Prize for Water, a bi-annual international scientific award for water research created in 2002. <mask> <mask>z Chair for environmental engineering, department of civil engineering, King Fahd University for Petroleum and Minerals. It is the first chair in the university. The scientific agreement between <mask> <mask> and Oxford University for academic and cultural co-operation, which enables Saudi students for bachelor's, master and PhD degrees in the field of human sciences. Charity works

<mask> was known as "<mask> the Good" (Arabic:سلطان الخير Sulṭan al-Khair) in Saudi Arabia for his generosity. He played a role in many charitable works, including providing for the poor and people with special

masks:
Prince Sultan
Sultan
Prince Sultan
Sultan
Sultan
Sultan bin
Prince Sultan
bin Abdulazi
Prince Sultan
bin Abdulaziz
Prince Sultan
Sultan


texts:
 needs. He set up and funded the Sultan bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Foundation on 21 January 1995, with the aim of providing humanitarian services and medical services to people unable to afford the expenses.With the exception of his private residence and important necessities, he donated his possessions to the foundation. The foundation includes the following centers in different countries:

Sultan bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City
Sultan bin Abdulaziz Science and Technology Center
Charity housing projects
Sultan bin Abdulaziz Special Education Program at the Arabian Gulf University in Bahrain
Prince Sultan Center for Speech and Hearing in Bahrain
King Abdulaziz Center for Islamic Studies at Bologna University
Sultan bin Abdulaziz Arab and Islamic Studies Program at the University of California, Berkeley
Prince <mask> bin Abdulaziz Private: Committee for Relief. This private committee organizes relief and medical convoys and sets up camps to combat diseases like Malaria and blindness. It has carried out several developmental, social and medical projects, like, digging wells, building schools, public libraries, mosques, hospitals, establishing dialysis centers. It also sponsors Muslim preachers in Ethiopia, Chad, Niger, Malawi, Mali, Comoro Islands, Djibouti and Indonesia. He inaugurated and served as the patron of Prince Sultan University in Riyadh. It was named in his honor by the university's parent institution, Al-Riyadh Philanthropic Society, which was founded by the prince's brother, Salman of Saudi Arabia, who would later become king.This is the first private/non-profit university established in the kingdom. In 2007, Prince <mask> was awarded the Medal of Human Honor for his charitable works. In

masks: Sultan Sultan


texts:
 April 2005, <mask> donated £2 million to the Ashmolean Museum. A year after his donations to establish an art museum, Oxford University agreed to 'expedite' the scholarship application process for Saudi students, and identify colleges for ten Saudi students from Prince Sultan University. When this arrangement became public, it led to criticism due to the donations bypassing Oxford’s governing council, and breaching the admissions process for prospective students. A press release issued by Oxford University on 20 April 2005 said that:
 HRH Prince <mask> bin <mask> Al Saud has given the Ashmolean Museum a substantial donation to provide a fitting home for the Museum's internationally renowned collection of Islamic art. The total value of the gift is £2 million, which will also provide for ten scholarships at the University of Oxford for Saudi Arabian students.The press release added further that ‘the new gallery, part of the ambitious redevelopment of one of the world’s oldest museums, will be named the “<mask> bin Abdulaziz al Saud Gallery”’. Arab News on 21 April 2005 reported that <mask>’s donation was a ‘move to promote understanding between Islam and the West’, adding that ‘Saudi and British officials’ had said that the new gallery ‘will help to portray Islamic culture and civilization in right perspectives.’

Controversy
In 2002, families of the victims of the September 11 attacks in the United States sued <mask> and other senior Saudi officials for their alleged contributions to al-Qaeda linked charities. The lawsuits were thrown out by a US federal judge due to insufficient evidence submitted. Personal life

<mask> mostly married women who had a tribal background. He had thirty-two

masks:
Sultan
Sultan
Abdulaziz
Prince Sultan
Sultan
Prince Sultan
Prince Sultan


texts:
 children by his multiple wives. His eldest son <mask> <mask>, after <mask>'s death, was appointed deputy minister of defense and served in the post until 20 April 2013. Bandar <mask> was the former ambassador to the United States, the former secretary general of the national security council and the former head of the general intelligence directorate.Fahd <mask> is the governor of the Tabuk province. Salman bin <mask>, another son, is the former deputy defense minister. Faisal <mask> (born 1951) is the secretary general of Sultan bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Foundation. His other sons are Turki (1959–2012), Nayef (born 1979), Badr (born 1980), Saud, Ahmad (born 1983), Nawwaf, Abdullah, Mishaal (born 1988), Mansour, Fawwaz, Abdulmajid and Abdul Ilah. <mask> had fifteen daughters, the oldest of whom is Nawf bint <mask>. One of his daughters, Reema, is the spouse of Muhammad bin Nayef, former Crown Prince. His other daughter, Noura bint <mask>, married Turki bin Nasser.Another daughter, Munira bint <mask>, who was Faisal bin Fahd's spouse, died in June 2011 at age 59. He doled out money at banquets in keeping with tribal customs. A conservative, it was expected that he would have put a brake on King Abdullah's timid reforms. <mask> was considered to be pro-American. Views
<mask> took a lifetime anti-communist and anti-Soviet view, based on his dislike of Soviet state atheism as well as Soviet interest in Gulf oil and access to ports that he felt risked Saudi independence. He rebuked U.S. President Jimmy Carter for what he saw as "pusillanimity" in the face of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. In a 23 October 2001 interview in Kuwaiti newspaper As Seyassa, concerning 9/11 attacks, <mask> stated “Who

masks:
Khalid bin
Sultan
Prince Sultan
bin Sultan
bin Sultan
Sultan
bin Sultan
Prince Sultan
Sultan
Sultan
Sultan
Sultan
Sultan
Sultan


texts:
 stands behind this terrorism and who carried out this complicated and carefully planned terrorist operation?Osama <mask> and those with him have said what indicates that they stand behind this carefully planned act. We, in turn, ask: Are <mask> and his supporters the only ones behind what happened or is there another power with advanced technical expertise that acted with them?”. Wealth and property
<mask>’s wealth in 1990 was reported to be $1.2 billion. In 1993 Fortune magazine cited him as the 34th rich person in the world with $4.0 billion wealth. Later, his fortune was estimated at $270 billion, which he distributed between his sons prior to his death in October 2011 in order to support their political position in the competitive princely arena. <mask> owned 2–8a Rutland Gate, the former London residence of the Lebanese politician and businessman Rafic Hariri. <mask> had been given the property after Hariri's assassination in 2005.Documents in the Paradise Papers release show <mask> used the law firm Appleby at the center of the use of offshore businesses and trusts by world leaders. Health issues
<mask> was rumored to have had colon cancer in 2003. A foreign correspondent was forced to leave the country after reporting his health problems. In 2004, <mask> was diagnosed with colon cancer and underwent several corrective surgeries. He underwent an operation to remove an intestinal polyp in Jeddah in 2005. <mask> visited a Swiss clinic in late April 2008. In April 2009, he began to suffer from Alzheimer's disease.A leaked March 2009 diplomatic cable from WikiLeaks stated that U.S. diplomats viewed Prince <mask> as "for all intents and purposes incapacitated". He was possibly suffering

masks:
bin Laden
bin Laden
Prince Sultan
Prince Sultan
Prince Sultan
Prince Sultan
Prince Sultan
Prince Sultan
Prince Sultan
Sultan


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 dementia, specifically Alzheimer's disease. Morocco vacation
In February 2009, <mask> spent several months in New York City at New York–Presbyterian Hospital and underwent surgery in New York. He then convalesced at Agadir, Morocco. He went back to Saudi Arabia, but soon returned to Morocco in August 2009. During his vacation, the Saudi cabinet increased officer salaries, a traditional domain of <mask>. In 2009, King Abdullah took charge of all defense purchases and reduced the power of the Defense Ministry.In October 2010, Abdullah personally conducted much of the negotiations for the U.S. arms package worth over $60 billion. In November 2010, <mask> received in Agadir Lebanese Prime Minister Saad Al-Hariri to discuss the future of Lebanon's government. He had been receiving treatment since 2009 for what analysts and diplomats believed to be cancer. At the end of November 2010, he returned to Saudi Arabia because King Abdullah had left for the United States for surgery. His return was seen as a legal formality necessary under Saudi law, which stipulates that only one of the kingdom's top two officials can be abroad at a given time. Death and funeral
The Saudi Royal court announced on 22 October 2011 that Prince <mask> died at dawn of an unspecified illness. According to media reports, Prince <mask> had been battling cancer and had been seeking medical treatment in the United States since mid-June 2011.He had a surgical operation in New York in July 2011. Unnamed U.S. officials cited by The New York Times stated that he died at New York-Presbyterian Hospital in Manhattan, New York City. His body was taken from New York City to Riyadh on 24 October 2011. His funeral was held at the Imam Turki

masks: Sultan Sultan Sultan Sultan Sultan


texts:
 <mask> Abdullah mosque in Riyadh on 25 October 2011 in the presence of King Abdullah bin <mask>. He was buried in Al Oud cemetery in Riyadh. Various leaders, including the president of Afghanistan, Farouk Al Sharaa, the vice-president of Syria, the Iranian foreign minister and the head of Egypt's ruling military council, participated in the funeral. Additionally, other statesmen went to Riyadh to offer their condolences, such as the US Vice President Joe Biden, Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari and Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak.Honours
Among others, <mask> was the recipient of the following honours and medals:
  National Order of Chad, First Class (1972). Order of the Lion of Senegal (1972). Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, First Class (19 July 1997). Order of Abdulaziz Al Saud (1973; First Class). National Order of Merit (1973; Grand Class). Order of the Liberator, First Class (Venezuela, 1975). : Honorary Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (P.M.N.)(1982)
 : Honorary Grand Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (2000)

He was also posthumously given the King Khalid award in 2011. Ancestry

References

External links

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|-

<mask>
1928 births
2011 deaths
Burials at Al Oud cemetery
Sultan
Governors of Riyadh Province
Government ministers of Saudi Arabia
Grand Officers of the National Order of Merit (France)
Grand Cross of the Order of Civil Merit
Heirs apparent who never acceded
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
People named in the Panama Papers
Recipients of the Order of the Defender of the Realm
Saudi Arabian anti-communists
Saudi Arabian Sunni

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bin
Abdulaziz
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Sultan Sultan


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<mask>, OBE, JP (; 29 July 1915 – 28 August 2008) was a Hong Kong businessman, government advisor, public welfare advocate, and philanthropist. He has ancestral roots in Zhuhai, Guangdong. He was best noted for his positions as a board member of the Hong Kong Housing Authority, Director of the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals, and Chairman of the Hong Kong Tuberculosis, Chest and Heart Disease Foundation. Biography
Born on 29 July 1915 near Tangshan, Hebei, Tseng's father died when he was just fourteen. His father set his childhood ambition to study medicine, but to save without the expensive medical fees from his father, <mask> was forced to study civil engineering instead. He fled to Tianjin before the outbreak of World War II. He studied at Diocesan Boys' School, where he finished the Junior Matriculation exam of the University of Hong Kong.Due to financial difficulties from his father's illness, he was not able to afford further education in Hong Kong. He left school at 17, and find work to support the family. He obtained work first as apprentices and later as a piece worker for an engineering and construction company, where he was joined by his younger brother when he, too, reach 17. They both worked very hard for the next couple of years. From the age of 20 to 23, through money he saved from working, he completed university education in Canton, China, in a private college, Citizen's University 廣州國文大學 (now closed). He graduated from university just before the Japanese invasion in 1937. He took up an engineering job repairing bridges of the Kowloon Canton Railway damaged by the Japanese, and was involved in constructing the Humen Pearl River Bridge.His family (mother and brother Pei) fled to the neutral French concession in

masks:
Tseng Cheng
Tg Cheng


texts: Guangzhouwan (present day Zhanjiang) at the height of the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong. After the war, he became a successful real estate developer in Hong Kong, founding the Tseng Brother's Construction Company. A majority of his projects are located in Tsim Sha Tsui and Repulse Bay. In 1965, he was appointed by Governor Sir Robert Brown Black to the Hong Kong Housing Board (predecessor of the current Hong Kong Housing Authority). As a member, he was instrumental in encouraging the board to improve living conditions of the poor. He strongly advised the Housing Board to continue its program resettling the numerous dwellers of squatter housing into proper government built flats. He noted that poor living conditions was an indirect cause of public disturbances such as the Hong Kong 1967 Leftist Riots.He also served on the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, advising Hong Kong Governor David Wilson, Baron Wilson of Tillyorn. From 1975 to 1999, he became the Vice-Chairman of the Hong Kong Tuberculosis, Chest and Heart Diseases Association, where he was involved in the redevelopment of Ruttonjee Hospital. He was promoted to chairman of the board of Directors in 2000. Tseng also contributed to the redevelopment of Grantham Hospital and Freni Home, nursing home. He also served on the board of directors of the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals from 1959 to 1964, serving as chairman from 1963–64 and board member from 1982–2004. In 2003, he served on the Hong Kong SARS Expert Committee to shape Hong Kong's response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak. One of his last presentations included a Global Perspective on Public Health presentation at the Conference on Public Health and Inauguration of the World Association of Chinese


texts:
 Public Health Professionals.He was awarded an Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II, Charles, Prince of Wales, and Diana, Princess of Wales in 1995 for his contributions to Hong Kong society. Philanthropy
It is reported that <mask> <mask> served in over 20 public service positions in Hong Kong, Macau, and Zhuhai, China. His work spanned education, culture, disaster relief, public health, housing, and welfare. He was President of several charitable organisations, including Director of the Tung Wah Group of Hospitals. In 2007, the Tseng Charitable Fund was established for charitable causes in Hong Kong and China. According to statistics, the Fund has donated over 1,180 million yuan for public welfare for work in education, health, and disaster relief. In the spring of 1994, Tseng returned from Hong Kong to visit his hometown of Zhuhai to find primitive, poor school conditions.In the late 1990s, Tseng funded the construction of a Vocational School, Zhuhai Ji Da Elementary School () and a student's residence in his ancestral home of Zhuhai, China. He also created a 10 million yuan Tseng Scholarship for high achieving, low income students. He visited the school ten times to oversee the high-quality construction of the five-story building. His donation of nearly 15 million yuan was the largest ever donated to Zhuhai by patriotic compatriots

In 1998, Tseng donated to the renovation of the Tseng Cheng Zhuhai Nanping Polytechnic School (). In 2000, the government mandated that the school needed a new student apartment and solicited donations due to tight education funding. Tseng donated an additional 300 million yuan with no conditions. Tseng served as honorary President of the Zhuhai Nanping Polytechnic School, which was

masks: Tseng Cheng


texts:
 subsequently named after him.With student apartments, integrated laboratories, fencing halls, and a swimming pool, the school is one of the highest performing schools in Zhuhai. A small museum in the school is dedicated to him. In addition, the 20 million yuan Tseng scholarship program rewards 100 students annually for outstanding performance. In 1994, Tseng was awarded Guangdong Province's Advancement for Teaching of Individuals () award. In 1998, he was recognised with the Zhuhai Advancement of Children () award and was hired to consult for the CPPCC Xiangzhou District Committee. In 1999, Tseng was awarded Zhuhai Honorary Citizenship by various members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and the District People's Congress. After the 2008 Sichuan earthquake, the Tseng Charity Fund donated 10 million yuan to support earthquake relief work in Wenchuan, China.Personal
Following the end of World War II, Tseng returned to Hong Kong and married a nurse from Macau. They had seven sons and five daughters, many of whom have studied or settled overseas in the United Kingdom or the United States of America. Tseng suffered a stroke in 2004. At age 93, he died at St. Theresa's Hospital on 28 August 2008. His life was commemorated by students and officials of the Zhuhai schools he built. Honours and recognition
 MBE, 1965
 Justice of Peace, 1965
 OBE, 1995

References

External links
 Tseng <mask> article at Zhuhai official website
 Tseng Clan article

1915 births
2008 deaths
Hong Kong chief executives
Hong Kong philanthropists
Hong Kong real estate businesspeople
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People from Tangshan
Businesspeople from Hebei
20th-century philanthropists
Chinese emigrants to British


texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; August 4, 1910 – September 6, 2008) was an American film actress who reached stardom in the final years of the silent film era. She was referred to as "a blond, blue-eyed Latin" and "the girl with the most beautiful face in Hollywood" in the 1920s. She retired from acting in 1936, but came back to it by 1961, after when she retired again. <mask> returned to acting thirty-five years later in 1996, and appeared in four films in the 2000s. Early life
<mask> was born on August 4, 1910 in Flushing, Queens, New York. Her parents were Marino Leo Pomares Jr., who was originally from Brooklyn, and Maude Evelyn (née Mullane) Pomares. She had one brother, Marino Pomares III, who later worked for her as a gym instructor while her mother worked as her secretary and her father as her chauffeur.<mask>'s paternal grandfather Marino Sr. was from Spain, and had worked as a consul in El Salvador. Her grandmother Anna Muñoz was of Castilian Spanish and French descent. Career

Silent films and early talkies

<mask> entered films with the help of friend, actress Betty Bronson. A photo of <mask> was spotted by a man who handled Bronson's fan mail who was also interested in representing actors. With the encouragement of her mother, <mask> telephoned the man who arranged a meeting for her with a casting director at Paramount Studios. After doing a screen test for Paramount, she became among the first residents of the Chateau Marmont. <mask> was offered contracts by both studios and selected MGM, "because they were so good for female actresses.If you ask me, MGM was the studio." <mask>'s first film for MGM was the 1928 comedy-drama Telling the World, opposite William Haines. Her

masks:
Anita Page
Anita Evelyn Pomares
Page
Anita Evelyn Pomares
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page


texts: performance in her second MGM film, Our Dancing Daughters (1928) opposite Joan Crawford was a success and it inspired two similar films in which they also co-starred, Our Modern Maidens and Our Blushing Brides. "I used to say that we're going to be 'The Galloping Grandmothers' at the rate we're going with these pictures," she reminisced in 1993. The Broadway Melody (1929) opposite Bessie Love is considered among her most successful films, and it won Best Picture at the Academy Awards. <mask> transitioned to talking pictures, but she criticised the total loss of silent films. "In my opinion, silents were much better than talkies.One thing you had was mood music, which you could have playing throughout your scene to inspire you. My favorite song was 'My Heart at Thy Sweet Voice' from Samson and Delilah. I never seemed to tire of it. The trouble with talkies was, they let you have the music, but they'd stop it when you had to talk and it was always a let down for me." When not working on films, she was busy with studio photographer George Hurrell creating publicity shots. She was one of his first subjects, and her photograph was his first to be published. MGM played up her heritage in these press releases such as this 1932 blurb: "She is that rarest and most interesting type of beauty,” ... “A Spanish blonde", and dubbed her "a blonde, blue-eyed Latin".She was the leading lady to Lon Chaney, Buster Keaton, Robert Montgomery, Clark Gable and others. During the early 1930s, she was one of Hollywood's busiest actresses. She was involved romantically with Gable briefly during that time. At the height of her popularity, she was receiving more fan mail than any other female star, with the


texts:
 exception of Greta Garbo, and received several marriage proposals from Benito Mussolini in the mail. Retirement
When her contract expired in 1933, she announced her retirement from acting at the age of 23. She retired as she was denied a pay rise. She made one more movie, Hitch Hike to Heaven, in 1936, and then retired fully from acting.Later, <mask> claimed that Irving Thalberg had offered her the starring role in three movies if she would sleep with him, which she refused. She married composer Nacio Herb Brown in 1934. The marriage was annulled a year later because Brown's previous divorce had not been finalized at the time they were married. She married Navy pilot Lieutenant Hershel A. House on January 9, 1937,  in Yuma, Arizona. They moved to Coronado, California, and lived there until his death in 1991. They had two daughters, Linda and Sandra.Return to acting
<mask> came back to acting and portrayed a nun in The Runaway, completed in 1961, but she cut short her comeback. Once again, she returned to acting in 1996 after over thirty years of retirement and appeared in several low budget horror films. Film veteran Margaret O'Brien appeared in two of them. Later years and death
<mask> was the last living attendee of the first Academy Awards ceremony in 1929, and frequently gave interviews as the "last star of the silents", appearing in documentaries about the era. <mask> died in her sleep at the age of 98 on September 6, 2008, at her Los Angeles home, where she had lived with long time companion Randal Malone. She is buried in the Holy Cross Cemetery in San Diego. Legacy
For her contribution to the motion picture industry, <mask> has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at

masks:
Page
Page
Page
Page
Anita Page


texts:
 6116 Hollywood Boulevard.Personal life
<mask> was a Democrat who supported the campaign of Adlai Stevenson during the 1952 presidential election. <mask> was a Roman Catholic. <mask>'s second marriage was to Herschel Austin House in 1937. They lived in southern California and were together for 54 years, until Herschel's death in 1991 at the age of 84. Herschel had retired from the Navy as a Rear Admiral. They had two daughters, Sandra and Linda. They are buried together under his last name.Filmography

References
Citations

Works cited

External links

 <mask> Biography and Gallery
 <mask> Photo Gallery
 <mask> at Golden Silents
 Guardian Interview with <mask>
 Photographs of <mask>

1910 births
2008 deaths
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from New York City
American child actresses
American film actresses
American people of French descent
American people of Spanish descent
American silent film actresses
Burials at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City
California Democrats
Catholics from California
Catholics from New York (state)
Hispanic and Latino American actresses
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players
New York (state) Democrats
People from Queens, New York
WAMPAS Baby Stars
Washington Irving High School (New York City)

masks:
Page
Page
Anita
Anita Page
Anita Page
Anita Page
Anita Page
Anita Page


texts:
<mask> () (born November 1932) is a Chinese linguist and Tangutologist. Biography

<mask> was born in Xixiang County, Shaanxi in November 1932. After leaving school, he worked for several years before going to Beijing to study Tibetan at the Central College for Nationalities, from which he graduated in 1956. He stayed on at the college as a research student in the History department until he graduated in 1959. By this time, he had become fascinated with the extinct and only semi-deciphered Tangut script, and in 1960 he decided to move to Yinchuan in Ningxia, the former capital of the Tangut Empire, to devote himself to Tangut studies, but his wife was unwilling to accompany him, so they divorced. When <mask>wen arrived at Ningxia, he was disappointed to find that there were no opportunities to study the Tangut script and language, and instead he was assigned to Ningxia Education College to research the Hui people. Two years later, he was reassigned to the Ningxia Museum and he was finally able to dedicate himself to the study of Tangut history and language.He was sent by the museum to participate in a minor capacity in the excavations of the Western Xia tombs at the foot of the Helan Mountains, and whilst his new wife (Yang Shende 楊慎德) and children stayed behind at Yinchuan, he lived and worked at the excavations for seven years. The conditions were harsh, and the rations meagre, so that at the end of seven years, he had become emaciated and very ill, but his wife nursed him back to health. Up to that time, <mask> had been studying the Tangut script and

masks:
Li Fanwen
Li Fanwen
Li Fan
Li Fanwen


texts: language by himself from whatever books he could get hold of, and had no formal training in Tangut. Nevertheless, by the early 1970s he had already created more than 30,000 vocabulary cards for Tangut on his own initiative, with the intention of eventually compiling a Tangut-Chinese dictionary. In January 1972, when Premier Zhou Enlai visited the National Museum of Chinese History and was informed that only a handful of old scholars could read the Tangut script, he instructed Wang Yeqiu (), director of the State Bureau of Cultural Relics, to assign young scholars to study Tangut before all knowledge of Tangut died out. In response to this, Wang Yeqiu asked the Ningxia authorities to train people in the Tangut language, but there was nobody who could teach the language in Ningxia, so in May 1973, <mask> was sent to Beijing to study under Luo Fuyi (), the son of Luo Zhenyu, the founding father of Chinese Tangut studies. This opportunity gave <mask>wen access to much new material, and he was able to complete the first draft of his dictionary in 1976.Although the dictionary was initially accepted for publication by the Cultural Relics Publishing House, it was eventually rejected after expert review of the manuscript concluded that it was not yet mature. For the next few years, <mask>wen made detailed studies of primary Tangut sources such as Wen Hai (文海 "Sea of Characters") and Tong Yin (同音 "Homophones") in order to fill in the missing gaps in the dictionary coverage. In April 1984, on his way to visit the renowned Japanese Tangutologist, Nishida Tatsuo, he was

masks:
Li Fanwen
Li Fan
Li Fan


texts: knocked off his bicycle in a traffic accident, and spent eighteen months in bed with a fractured thighbone. This gave him the opportunity to finish his study of the Tong Yin, which was published in 1986. By late 1992, the new draft of <mask>wen's Tangut-Chinese dictionary was almost complete, but he was not satisfied with the system of phonetic reconstruction that he was using, so after the Taiwan Tangutologist  Gong Hwang cherng came to see him, he decided to use Professor Gong's system of phonetic reconstruction instead. The dictionary was now complete, but technical and financial issues delayed its publication until 1997. Originally, <mask> had hoped to computer typeset the Tangut text, but eventually he had to abandon this plan, and the Tangut text in the 1997 edition was laboriously inserted using photocomposition.The dictionary comprised exactly 6,000 Tangut characters, and these 6,000 characters were later used as the source for the Mojikyo set of Tangut characters, which have since been widely used by Tangutologists for typesetting Tangut text. In 2002, the dictionary won the Wu Yuzhang Prize for Humanities and Social Sciences. In 2008, a revised and expanded edition of <mask>'s Tangut-Chinese dictionary, with 6,074 entries, was published. The new edition was computer typeset using a Tangut font developed by Jing Yongshi (). In addition to his work on Tangut language, <mask> has also published a comprehensive history of the Western Xia and a study of the Song dynasty Chinese dialect spoken in the north-west of China. <mask> currently holds

masks:
Li Fan
Li Fanwen
Li Fanwen
Li Fanwen
Li Fanwen


texts:
 professorships at Beijing University, Nanjing University, People's University, Capital Normal University, Shaanxi Normal University and Fudan University, and is the honorary head of the Ningxia Academy of Social Sciences. In 2013 <mask> won the Prix Stanislas Julien for his Tangut-Chinese dictionary.Works

 1980. Xi Xia Yanjiu Lunji 西夏研究論集 (A Compilation of Xixia Studies). Ningxia. 1984. Xi Xia <mask>mu Chutu Canbei Cuibian 西夏陵墓出土殘碑粹編 (A Collection of Fragments of Memorial Inscriptions from the Western Xia Tombs). Beijing. 1986.Tongyin Yanjiu 同音研究 (Study of the Homophones). Yinchuan. 1994. Songdai xibei fangyin: Fan han heshi zhang zhong zhu dui yin yanjiu 宋代西北方音——《番汉合时掌中珠》对音研究 [The Northwest Chinese Dialect at Song Times: Transliteration in Fan-Han Heshi Zhang-zhong-zhu]. Beijing. 1997. Xia Han Zidian 夏漢字典 (Tangut-Chinese Dictionary).Beijing. 2005. Xi Xia Tong Shi 西夏通史 (Comprehensive History of the Western Xia). Beijing and Yinchuan. 2008. Xia Han Zidian 夏漢字典 (Revised edition of Tangut-Chinese Dictionary). Beijing.With Luo Fuyi 羅福頤
 1982. Xixia Guanyin Huikao 西夏官印匯考 (Collected Study of Official Seals of the Western Xia). Yinchuan. References

External links
 About <mask> and his Tangut-Chinese Dictionary

1932 births
Chinese lexicographers
Linguists from China
Tangutologists
Living people
Minzu University of China alumni
People's Republic of China historians
Writers from Hanzhong
Historians from Shaanxi
Educators from Shaanxi
Peking University faculty
Nanjing University faculty
Renmin University of China faculty
Capital Normal University faculty
Fudan

masks:
Li Fanwen
Ling
Li Fanwen


texts:
<mask> (alternatively <mask>, <mask>, or <mask>) was born around year 1600 and died in 1643. Bronck was an immigrant to the Dutch colony of New Netherland after whom the Bronx River, and by extension, the county and New York City borough of the Bronx are named. A mural at the Bronx County Courthouse depicting Bronck's arrival was created in the early 1930s by James Monroe Hewlett. Origin
Different theories account for Bronck's origin. The town of Tórshavn, the capital of the Faroe Islands, has a street bearing the name Jónas Broncksgøta ("<mask>'s Street"). One theory holds that <mask> was born ca. 1600, son of a Lutheran minister, <mask>, and was raised in Tórshavn.That <mask>'s middle name would in this case be Mortensen, not Jonsson, speaks against this theory. The Faroe family may have originated from the Norwegian district of Elverum. (At the time, the Faroe Islands were part of a political entity also comprising Iceland, Greenland, Denmark and Norway.) In 1619 the younger Bronck went to school in Roskilde, Denmark, and eventually made his way to Holland. A number of sources published in the early 20th century identify Bronck as Danish, an idea espoused by A.J.F. van Laer, archivist at the New York State Library. Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898, winner of the 1999 Pulitzer Prize for History, also parenthetically claims Bronck as a Dane.A 1908 publication portrays Bronck as a Mennonite who fled the Netherlands to Denmark because of religious persecution. In a 1977 pamphlet commemorating the founding of the borough a publication of the Bronx County Bar Association states that it "is widely accepted that Bronck came from Denmark, but claims have also been made by the Frisian Islands on the North Sea coast and by a small town in Germany". In 1981 the Manx-Svenska Publishing Co. released a now out-of-print 19-page pamphlet, The Founder of the Bronx, authored G.V.C.

masks:
Jonas Bronck
Jonas Jonsson Brunk
Jonas Jonasson Bronk
Jonas Jonassen Bck
Jonasck
Jonas Jonsson Bronck
Morten Jespersen Bronck
Jonas Bronck


texts: Young O.B.E., after he had conducted research in the Netherlands, Sweden, and New York. Young reported that he examined crucial references: Bronck's betrothal certificate dated June 18, 1638 and Bronck's document of guarantee from April 30, 1639. The theory of Bronck's Swedish origin fundamentally rely on Young's interpretations of three  key words found in these Dutch-language documents and that <mask>'s relative <mask> was born in 1616 in Jönköping, Sweden. In conjunction with John Davidson of Tórshavn in the Faroe Islands and Eva Brylla from the Ortnamnsarkiv in Uppsala, Sweden, the archival texts were transcribed from their traditional script.Young states that Bronck's middle name Jonsson means that his father's first name was <mask> (excluding the Faroe reverend Morten <mask>) and further that the words referring to Bronck's birthplace and spelled "Coonstay" and "Smolach" speaks for that it is most likely that "Coonstay" was Komstad in Jönköping county and that "Smolach" was a misrecording of Småland, the district in which Jönköping is located. Young concludes <mask> was born circa 1600 in Komstad, Småland, a historic province of Sweden adjacent to the then-Danish province of Skåne. This farm or small village was at this time inhabited by Jon Nilsson and his wife Marit Brunk who could be <mask>'s parents or other relatives. (He is silent regarding another town named Komstad located in the Simrishamn municipality in Skåne in southeastern Sweden, a region which prior to 1658 formed part of Kingdom of Denmark.) The Founder of the Bronx speculates that Bronck made his way to the coast on the Baltic Sea where he became a sailor in the Danish merchant marine, and later transferred to the Dutch fleet. The New York Times cites Sävsjö the seat of Sävsjö Municipality in Jönköping County, Sweden, of which Komstad was part. The official historian of the Bronx, Lloyd Ultan, adopted

masks:
Jonas Bronck
Pieter Bronck
Jonas
Bronck
Jonas Bronck
Jonas Bck


texts:
 the theory of a Swedish Bronck.The Bronx County Historical Society and other publications followed suit. Marriage
On June 18, 1638 Bronck signed his banns of marriage as <mask> Bronck. This patronym indicated that his father's name was <mask>, which supports the theory of Swedish origin. He and his Dutch wife, Teuntje Joriaens, married at the New Church in Amsterdam on July 6, 1638. Immigration to New Netherland
<mask>'s decision to relocate from Europe was prompted by a number of factors. During the late 1630s, events in both Holland and America induced significant changes in the governance of New Netherland, territory controlled by the Dutch West India Company (WIC) between the Delaware and Connecticut rivers, and north along tidewaters of the Hudson. At its heart was the trading facility of New Amsterdam on the southern tip of Manhattan Island.Following the spectacular collapse of the Tulip mania in 1637, Holland's government contemplated the idea of taking control of New Netherland from the company and using the colony for resettlement of individuals impoverished by failed tulip bulb speculations. There also was vexation over the West India Company's failure to develop New Netherland much beyond its original function, facilitating the fur trade. By contrast, English enclaves in the region were rapidly expanding in territory, population, and viability. New Amsterdam's inhabitants then numbered only about four hundred, a count that hardly had increased during the previous decade. Company properties in the colony showed signs of physical neglect and conditions of law and order were less than ideal. Faced with possible government expropriation, the company appointed Willem Kieft as director of New Netherland with a mandate to increase the territory's population and vitality. Arriving in 1638, Kieft promptly purchased additional Lenape lands in the environs of Manhattan and

masks:
Jonas Jonasson
Jonas
Jonas Bronck


texts:
 encouraged private settlement by enterprising colonists of diverse backgrounds.It also liberalized the previous Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions so that settlers were no longer encumbered with excessive responsibilities to the WIC. Previously, most real estate and commercial activity in New Netherland had been under its direct control. These vicissitudes did not escape Bronck's notice. He was among the first to recognize promising opportunities, and along with various emigrants from Europe he crossed the Atlantic to settle in New Amsterdam's hinterlands. Vriessendael and Colen Donck were established around the same time. In the spring of 1639 <mask> and a party of other emigrants, including his good friend, the Dane Jochem Pietersen Kuyter, departed the Dutch port of Hoorn on the Zuiderzee. In addition to passengers and crew, their ship, "De Brandt van Troyen" (Fire of Troy), was laden with numerous cattle.On June 16 the vessel was seen in the harbor of New Amsterdam. Site of homestead

<mask> and Kuyter navigated up the East River to land that was within the territory of the Siwanoy and Wecquaesgeek groups of Wappinger who inhabited it at the time of colonialization. It is said that <mask> wrote of his new home: "The invisible hand of the Almighty Father, surely guided me to this beautiful country, a land covered with virgin forest and unlimited opportunities. It is a veritable paradise and needs but the industrious hand of man to make it the finest and most beautiful region in all the world." Kuyter chose land on the west bank on the island of Manhattan; Bronck settled on the mainland. Teuntie and <mask>'s house was built by a promontory at the juncture of the Harlem River and the Bronx Kill across from Randalls Island and was constructed like "a miniature fort with stone walls and a tile roof". Bronck's farmstead consisted of approximately , which being a religious man,

masks:
Jonas Bronck
Bronck
Bronck
Jonas Bronck


texts:
 he named Emaus.(Emmaus, according to the New Testament, is where Jesus appeared before two of his followers after his resurrection.) The site is in present-day Mott Haven, about 1,000 feet south of Bruckner Boulevard and 500 feet east of the Willis Avenue Bridge, on a tract (at approximately ) now part of the Harlem River Intermodal Yard, though which runs the Oak Point Link. Relations with Lenape tribes
On April 22, 1642 a peace treaty was signed at Bronck's homestead between Dutch authorities and the Wecquaesgeek sachems Ranaqua and Tackamuck. This event is portrayed in a painting by the American artist John Ward Dunsmore (1856–1945). On February 23, 1643, Director of New Netherland William Kieft launched an attack on refugee camps of the Weckquaesgeek and Tappan. Expansionist Mahican and Mohawk in the North (armed with guns traded by the French and English) had driven them south the year before, where they sought protection from the Dutch. Kieft refused aid despite the company's previous guarantees to the tribes to provide it.The attacks were at Communipaw (in today's Jersey City) and Corlaers Hook (lower Manhattan) in what is known as the Pavonia Massacre. The slaughter led to retaliation and attacks on many settlements outlying New Amsterdam, including some in what is now the Bronx, such as that of Anne Hutchinson. It is unknown if Bronck's death was related to the skirmishes. Last testament
Saturday May 6, 1643, not long after <mask>'s death, his widow Teuntie Jeuriaens, together with <mask>, conducted a formal inventory of the Bronck farm which was then known as Emaus. This procedure was conducted in the presence of the Rev. Everardus Bogardus, pastor of the First Reformed Dutch Church of New Amsterdam and Bronck's friend Jochem Pietersen Kuyter. According to official records of the State of New York, the latter two were identified as guardians of Bronck's widow.(In

masks:
Jonas Bronck
Peter Bronck


texts: June 1643 Teuntje remarried. She and her new husband, Arent van Curler, soon thereafter departed for Beverwyck, a settlement on the North River near Fort Orange.) The inventory lists contents of the farm Bronck and his family had built in the wilderness during the period of less than four years following his arrival in America. Buildings on the property were a stone house with a tile roof, a barn, two barracks for farm employees, and a tobacco house. The tally of Bronck's livestock was 25 animals of various kinds, plus an uncounted number of hogs, said to be running in nearby woods. During the early 1640s it was not uncommon for Bronck's New Amsterdam contemporaries to identify themselves on legal documents with graphic marks that also were symbols of illiteracy. By contrast, <mask>'s personal library provides evidence he was literate in four languages, suggesting his education might have been as high as university level.His library was an impressive archive for its time and place, and is regarded as the earliest for which there is a detailed account in the colonial records of New York. The following materials were listed in the inventory of Bronck's library: one Bible, folio; Calvin's Institutes, folio; Bullingeri, Schultetus Dominicalia, (Medical); Moleneri Praxis, (Moral and Practical Discourses), quarto; one German Bible, quarto; Mirror of the Sea (Seespiegel), folio; one Luther's Psalter; Sledani, (History of the Reformation), folio; Danish chronicle, quarto; Danish law book, quarto; Luther's Complete Catechism; The Praise of Christ, quarto; Petri Apiani; Danish child's book; a book called Forty Pictures of Death, by Symon Golaert; Biblical stories; Danish calendar; Survey (or View) of the Great Navigation; a parcel of eighteen Dutch and Danish pamphlets by various authors; seventeen books in manuscript, which are old; and eleven pictures, large and small. Bronck's


texts:
 becomes Bronx
Bronck's farm, a tract of , known as the biblical Emmaus, Bronck's Land, and then just Broncksland, or simply Bronck's— covered roughly the area emanating from general vicinity of Willis Avenue and 132nd Street in the Bronx in what, today, is Mott Haven.<ref>{{cite web | last = Hansen | first = Harry North of Manhattan | title = excerpted from North of Manhattan', Hastings House, 1950 | work = The Bronx...Its History & Perspective | publisher = The Bronx Mall | url = http://www.bronxmall.com/cult/series/2.html | access-date = 2012-01-20 |quote = The house was named "Emmanus" and stood on what today is in the general vicinity of Willis Avenue and 132nd Street. }}</ref>

Following Bronck's death, and the dispersion of the few settlers, the tract passed through the hands of successive Dutch traders until 1664, when it came into the possession of Samuel Edsall, (who also had acquired a large tract on the North River known as the English Neighborhood), who held it until 1670. He sold it to Captain Richard Morris and Colonel Lewis Morris, at the time merchants of Barbados. Four years later, Colonel Morris obtained a royal patent to Bronck's Land, which afterward became the Manor of Morrisania, the second Lewis (son of Captain Richard), exercising proprietary right. Despite Bronck having lived there for only four years, the area was known as "Broncksland" through the end of the 17th century.The current spelling came into use 1697. Descendants and relations
<mask> also was known as <mask> Bronck. Given the relative closeness in age and same father's name indicated by the patronym (<mask> was born about 1600, Pieter, born in 1616 in Jönköping, Sweden) it has been claimed that Pieter was a nephew or cousin to <mask>, and not a son as had been surmised. This would however in both cases mean that <mask> or his father <mask> have had a living brother with identical name,

masks:
Pieter Bronck
Pieter Jonasson
Jonas
Jonas Bronck
Jonas Bronck
Jonas


texts:
 something which is unheard of in Scandinavian naming. They might instead have been brothers, as an age difference of 16 years among even full siblings is far from unlikely. Still he has been described as the "poorer cousin", and is believed to have emigrated to Beverwijck in the Hudson Valley circa 1650. The <mask> House is a registered historic place in Coxsackie, New York.The American poet William Bronk reported that he was a descendant of <mask>. The American biophysicist (and president of Rockefeller University) Detlev Bronk claimed to have been a Bronck descendant, but no evidence of lineage to Pieter's line was ever found or indicated. Legacy

Namesakes
There is a street in Tórshavn in the Faroe Islands that is named "Jónas Broncksgøta." The Jonas Bronck Academy  and Public School 43 Jonas Bronck  are located in the Bronx. A local brewery produces Jonas Bronck Beer. Jonas Bronck Center
There is a Jonas Bronck Center in Sävsjö, Sweden. where a celebration of the 375th anniversary of <mask>'s settlement of the Bronx took place in August 2014.The celebration was mainly the idea of Brian G. Andersson, the former commissioner of the New York City Department of Records and Information Services, a specialist in Bronck's genealogy, a founding director of the center, and a Bronxite of Swedish origin. See also

 New Netherland settlements

References

Sources
Benson, Adolph B. and Naboth Hedin, eds. Swedes in America, 1638-1938'' (The Swedish American Tercentenary Association. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 1938)

External links
 William Bronk
 Jonas Brock Center

1600s births
1643 deaths
17th-century Danish people
17th-century Swedish people
People of New Netherland
People from the Bronx
History of the Bronx
Danish emigrants to the Netherlands
Swedish emigrants to the Netherlands
Danish migration to North America
Swedish migration to North America
Kieft's War
People of

masks:
Pieter Bronck
Pieter Bronck
Jonas Bronck


texts:
<mask> (, born 5 July 1938) is a North Korean sports administrator and former athlete. He is currently the honorary life president of the International Taekwon-Do Federation, having previously served as its President from 2002 to 2015 following the death of General Choi Hong Hi from stomach cancer on 15 June 2002. <mask> previously served as a member of the International Olympic Committee representing North Korea, and now serves as an honorary member of the IOC. Death of General Choi and ascension to ITF presidency

On 22 September 2002, 70 representatives from 46 countries attended a memorial service for General Choi Hong Hi. The solemn and memorable service was held in Pyongyang, North Korea. Choi Hong Hi spoke to a select group of ITF officials and high-level instructors on his deathbed at Pyongyang Hospital. It was recorded that there might be no misinterpretation of his intentions regarding the future of the ITF.The following is an excerpt:

You probably might know Mr. <mask>g well. It is time to introduce Mr. <mask>g proudly in public. Please carry on propaganda that Mr. <mask>g is the tallest and in the highest position in the ITF. If only I had been as tall as Mr. <mask>g, I could have had less opponents, however, as my body was so tiny that there were many opponents. Thus, all alone, I could not but fight against them for so long. But I have never been worn out for the justice was on my side. I have always worried about a successor to the President, however, my mind is set at ease for there is Mr. <mask>g.These last words were witnessed by: Mr. Rhee Ki Ha, Grand Master and former Vice-President of the ITF; Mr. Tom MacCallum, Master and the Secretary General; Mr. Leong Wei Meng, Master and the Chairman of the Consultative Committee; Mr. Kwang Sung Hwang, Grand Master, spokesman and special aide; Mr. Park Jong Soo, Grand

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Chang
Chang Un
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 Master and a member of the Consultative Council; Mr. Hwang Jin, Master and a member of the Consultative Council; Mr. Hwang Bong Yong, Chairman of the Korean Taekwon-Do Committee; Mr. Jong Jae Hun, Secretary General of the International Martial Art Games Committee and Mr. Rang Bong Man, Secretary General of the Korean Taekwon-Do Committee

A special Congress of the ITF and memorial was held at the People's Palace of Culture in Pyongyang on September 22, 2002, after Choi's death. It was here that Presidents and representatives from 46 national Taekwon-Do federations unanimously elected Mr. <mask>, member of the International Olympic Committee, as president of the ITF. He was re-elected as president on October 13, 2009. Legitimacy as ITF President

Senior Grandmaster Phap Lu's Open Email
Senior Master Phap Lu stated on October 22, 2002, in an Open email to Taekwon-Doists that,
"General Choi did not speak his last words with the constitution in mind. He spoke as a CREATOR of the art. When he was alive what he said was law, in death are his words are no longer valid?"It is here that he explains the background behind General Choi's reason for choosing <mask> as a successor. "That was why General Choi handpicked Mr. Russell MacLellan as the Senior Vice-president to fulfill the role as acting President if anything happened to General Choi. At this time Mr. <mask>’s name was never mentioned. Our beloved Founder still waited for his son to visit him at the hospital in Pyongyang, but his last hope TOTALLY vanished when the nine people visited Gen. Choi without his son’s presence in mid of June 2002 after the International Gen. Choi’s Cup in Ottawa, Canada...Since February 2002 there has been a recent rapid change in the political situation in both KOREAs. After General Choi was admitted to the hospital in North Korea, General Choi saw

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Chang Ung
Chang Ung
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 the light of unification in both TAEKWON-DO and North and South KOREAs. With Mr. <mask>’s I.O.C. experience, knowledge and talents, as well as his relationship with Mr. <mask> Yong Kim, his various meetings with both North and South Koreans TaeKwon-Do Committees members, General Choi Hong Hi, handpicked Mr. <mask> as his successor before his departure.The sudden appearance of Mr. <mask> surprised much of the PRESENT CORE ITF MEMBERS as he was never spoken of by General Choi. ""Our beloved Founder General Choi Hong Hi DID NOT PICK Mr. <mask> in favor of North Korea, but he picked him up as successor because OF THE PRESENT POLITICAL CLIMATE as well as his leadership qualities. This was the BRILLIANT FUTURE VISION of our beloved Founder and Father. If you were Mr. <mask>g I believe that regardless of whether you were a Canadian, Italian, Korean or Argentinian you would be picked too. THAT IS OUR GENERAL CHOI, everything fits for Taekwon-Do. If it fits he would use it, because he believed that these were gifts from Heaven to him. Gen. Choi used to tell us that his Parents gave his name CHOI HONG HI and HEAVEN gave his name TAEKWON-DO.He was even afraid that nobody would know what Taekwon-do would be, he asked people to cover his coffin with the words TAEKWON-DO. I believe that whatever the outcome will be: IT IS THE LAST WISHES OF GENERAL CHOI HONG HI. We at least own him for these. "People in the ITF see it as a great honor to meet him in person. Regarding the Legal Status of <mask>'s ITF
Shortly after <mask>'s ascension to the ITF presidency, the legality of the organization was put into question. However, these issues have since been resolved. - The ITF was registered to the Austrian Police in 1986.This has been renewed in January 2003,  September 2004, 30 May 2007,  23 February 2009 and renewed 30 November 2009, pursuant to

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 the law of Austria. - The ITF was recognized as the International Sports Organization by the Austrian Sports Federation and printed on the “Year Book” of Sports for 2004/2005 and for 2005/2006 as the sole International Sports Organization of which Secretariat has been located in Vienna, Austria (see page 292 on “Year Book” for 2004/2005). - The ITF was registered to the Finance Ministry of Austria as Non-Profit-Civilian Organization in November 2004. - The ITF became a Signatory Federation to World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) in July 2010. In 2009, Mrs. Choi Chun Hi, widow of General Choi Hong Hi spoke at the 19th ITF Congress in St. Petersburg, Russia. She stated, "I wish you would support Prof. and Dr. <mask>, and be with him with one mind and one will for the brighter future of the ITF".Members'''
127 member countries were confirmed at the 20th ITF Congress held in Minsk, Belarus on August 24, 2010

Continental Federations
- Asian Taekwon-Do Federation (The Headquarters is in DPR Korea)
- European ITF Taekwon-Do Federation (The Headquarters is in Croatia)
- Oceanic Taekwon-Do Federation (The Headquarters is in Australia)
- Pan American Taekwon-Do Federation (The Headquarters is in Puerto Rico)
- Taekwon-Do Federation of Africa (The Headquarters is in South Africa)

Professor <mask> is also the president of International Martial Art Games Committee. <mask> has been an advocate for Asia's third Winter Games, stating that it would help the development of winter sports in the region which are "still far behind" Europe and North America.In 2015, <mask> resigned and was replaced by Ri Yong-son as the President of ITF. At the end of 2018 <mask> ceased to be a member of the IOC retiring as per protocol after turning 80. References

1938 births
Living people
Leaders of organizations
Korean communists
Place of birth missing (living

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Chang
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<mask> (born October 31, 1957) is an American actor and singer. A powerful baritone, he has been one of the central leading men of the Broadway theatre since the 1990s. He won the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical in 2000 for his performance in Kiss Me, Kate. Early life
<mask> was born in Seattle, Washington, the youngest of four children of <mask>, an electronics engineer, and his wife Lillian, a school administrator. <mask> grew up at various U.S. military bases overseas, where his father was a civilian engineer for the U.S. Navy. As a young boy, he lived in San Diego, California, where he began acting in school musicals. He did not attend college, having begun performing professionally in high school, although he did have private teachers in both acting and voice in his teen years.He has said that he studied film scoring, orchestration, and conducting through UCLA. Prior to Ragtime, he was known professionally as <mask>. Career

Stage
<mask> first performed on Broadway in the musical Mail in 1988, with music by Michael Rupert and lyrics by Jerry Cocker, winning the Theatre World award. His Broadway credits include an all-black revival of George and Ira Gershwin's Oh, Kay! (1990), Jelly's Last Jam (1992) based on the works of jazz artist Jelly Roll Morton, and Kander and Ebb's Kiss of the Spider Woman (1993). He originated the role of Coalhouse Walker Jr, in the musical Ragtime, which opened on Broadway in January 1998. He received a 1998 Tony Award nomination for Best Actor in a Musical.He appeared in the 1999 revival of Cole Porter's Kiss Me, Kate as Fred Graham / Petruchio, winning the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical. He appeared on Broadway in King Hedley II in 2001 (Tony Award nomination) and Man of La Mancha in 2002 (Tony Award

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Brian Stokes Mitchell
Mitchell
George Mitchell
Mitchell
Brian Mitchell
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 nomination). He appeared in the New York City Center Encores! staged concert productions of Jule Styne's Do Re Mi (1999), Bob Merrill's Carnival! (2002), Kismet (2006), and The Band Wagon in 2014. He played the title role in the 2002 Kennedy Center production of Sweeney Todd, part of the Stephen Sondheim celebration. On June 9, 2005, <mask> appeared in a concert version of the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical South Pacific at Carnegie Hall.He starred as Emile, alongside Reba McEntire as Nellie Forbush and Alec Baldwin as Luther Billis. The production was taped and telecast by PBS in 2006. Of his performance, Ben Brantley wrote in The New York Times, "As for Mr. <mask>, his place in the pantheon of romantic musical leads is now guaranteed." Playbill Records released his debut solo CD, <mask> <mask> on June 6, 2006. <mask> has also performed in a Christmas concert with the Mormon Tabernacle Choir later released as a CD and DVD entitled Ring Christmas Bells. His second solo CD, Simply Broadway, was released October 30, 2012, by CD Baby. <mask> returned to Broadway to star with Patti LuPone in the musical version of the Pedro Almodóvar film Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown, which opened at the Belasco Theatre in November 2010.A new musical titled Shuffle Along, or, the Making of the Musical Sensation of 1921 and All That Followed, based on the making of Shuffle Along opened on Broadway on March 14, 2016 in previews, officially on April 21 at the Music Box Theatre. <mask> played "F.E. Miller", with Audra McDonald as "Lottie Gee", Billy Porter, Joshua Henry and Brandon Victor Dixon. Television and film
<mask> has a number of television and film credits, including the role of John Dolan in Roots: The Next Generations (1979), and a seven-year

masks:
Mitchell
Mitchell
Brian Stokes
Mitchell
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texts: stint as Dr. Justin 'Jackpot' Jackson on Trapper John, M.D. from 1979 to 1986. <mask> made several appearances as a celebrity panelist on episodes of $25,000 Pyramid and $100,000 Pyramid in the 1980s, and was considered one of the game's better celebrity players, helping a contestant win the $100,000 grand prize on the latter show in February 1986. <mask> also participated as a celebrity panelist in four weeks' worth of episodes of The Match Game-Hollywood Squares Hour, a short-lived NBC game show that ran from 1983-1984.He played recurring roles as Hilary Banks' news anchor fiancé Trevor Newsworthy/Collins on The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air and on Frasier as Dr. Frasier Crane's upstairs neighbor and nemesis Cam Winston. He supplied the singing voice of Jethro in the animated feature The Prince of Egypt (1998). He guest starred in March 2010 in Ugly Betty as Wilhelmina Slater's ex-boyfriend, Don. He appeared on the 57th episode of Glee, titled "Heart" in 2012, and the 58th, titled "On My Way," as one of Rachel's dads (LeRoy) along with Jeff Goldblum. He also played a recurring role on the USA Network series Mr. Robot as Scott Knowles, CTO of E Corp. The series began in June 2015 and ended in December 2019.He has also done voice-overs for animation including Animaniacs, Capitol Critters, Tiny Toon Adventures, A Pup Named Scooby-Doo, The Further Adventures of SuperTed, Kid 'n Play, New Kids on the Block, Scooby-Doo! and the Reluctant Werewolf, Gravedale High, Potsworth & Co., Captain Planet and the Planeteers, The Tom and Jerry Kids Show, Yo Yogi!, Fantastic Max, Pound Puppies, The Addams Family, California Raisins, The Angry Beavers, James Bond Jr., Batman: The Animated Series, Paddington Bear, Pinky and the Brain, Defenders of Dynatron City, The Hot

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 Rod Dogs and Cool Car Cats, Droopy, Master Detective, Denver, the Last Dinosaur, Mighty Max, Don Coyote & Sancho Panda, Vampirina, and the two Flintstones animated movies Hollyrock-a-Bye Baby and I Yabba-Dabba Do!. <mask> plays Nicholas Prophet in Wolverine: The Long Night, a scripted podcast serial. Personal life
He has been married to actress Allyson Tucker since 1994 and has a son, Ellington. Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

Theatre

Discography

 <mask> <mask> (June 6, 2006)
Track listing
"Something's Coming" (West Side Story)
"The Best Is Yet to Come" (Cy Coleman)
"Pretty Women" (Sweeney Todd)
"Just In Time" (Bells are Ringing)
"Lazy Afternoon" (The Golden Apple)
"Another Hundred People" (Company)/"Take the 'A' Train"
"How Long Has This Been Going On?" (Funny Face)
"Life is Sweet" (Wonderful Town)
"Losing My Mind" (Follies)
"Being Alive" (Company)
"How Glory Goes" (Floyd Collins)
"Grateful"

 Simply Broadway (2012)
 Plays With Music (2019)

Awards and nominations
Sources: Playbill BroadwayWorld

Honors
2004 - Mitchell was elected the Chairman of the Board of the Actors Fund of America
2016 - <mask> received the Isabelle Stevenson Award "for his commitment to supporting members of the entertainment community in crisis or transition through his work with The Actors Fund." References

External links

 <mask> Stokes <mask> at Internet Off-Broadway Database

1957 births
Living people
African-American male actors
20th-century African-American male singers
American baritones
American male film actors
American male musical theatre actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
Tony Award winners
Male actors from Seattle
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
21st-century African-American

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<mask> (born  December 10, 1990) is an American professional baseball outfielder and first baseman for the San Diego Padres of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the Tampa Bay Rays. Originally drafted by the Kansas City Royals, he was traded to the Rays in 2012. He won the AL Rookie of the Year Award in 2013. Early career
<mask> attended and played baseball at Wesleyan Christian Academy in High Point, North Carolina. As a freshman, <mask> had a .450 batting average and was an all-state third baseman. During his junior year, he went 10–0 as a pitcher.After committing to the University of South Carolina, <mask> was drafted by the Kansas City Royals. In 2008, his team won a state championship. Professional career

Kansas City Royals
<mask> was drafted by the Kansas City Royals as a catcher in the third round, with the 91st overall selection, of the 2009 Major League Baseball draft. <mask> signed a contract with the Royals, that included a $2 million signing bonus, in August 2009. Before the draft, <mask> had committed to South Carolina during his junior year. <mask> made his debut in professional baseball in 2009, when he played catcher and batted .369 with five home runs in 84 at bats with Royals' Rookie League affiliates, the Idaho Falls Chukars and the Burlington Royals. <mask> began the 2010 season playing catcher for the Burlington Bees of the Midwest League and was named to the Midwest League All Star team.On July 1, 2010, the Royals promoted <mask> to the Wilmington Blue Rocks of the Carolina League, a league generally considered more advanced than those in which he had previously played. <mask> played catcher and finished the 2010 season batting .315 with a .429 on-base percentage overall, and totaled 14 home runs, 83 runs batted in, and 85 walks between his time in the Midwest League and Carolina League. In 2011, playing for

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William Bradford Myers
Myers
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 the Class AA Northwest Arkansas Naturals, he batted .254 with eight home runs and 49 RBIs in 99 games. He played primarily outfield in 2012, and was named to appear in the 2012 All-Star Futures Game. Tampa Bay Rays

2013: Rookie year

On December 9, 2012, <mask> was traded to the Tampa Bay Rays (along with Jake Odorizzi, Patrick Leonard, and Mike Montgomery) in exchange for James Shields, Wade Davis, and a player to be named later (later chosen to be Elliot Johnson). He started the 2013 season with the Triple-A Durham Bulls of the International League. On June 17, <mask> was called up to the Rays, for whom he played outfield.<mask> won the AL Rookie of the Year award in 2013, beating teammate and pitcher Chris Archer and Detroit shortstop José Iglesias. In spite of the fact that he did not join the Rays until their 70th game on June 18, <mask> led AL rookies with a 53 RBIs in the 88 games he played. The last player to lead AL rookies in RBIs in fewer than 90 games was Hoot Evers playing for the Detroit Tigers in 1946, when he had 33 in 81 games. He also became the first-ever hitter to win the award in under 100 games. In the post-season, he had two singles in 20 at bats. 2014
<mask> entered 2014 as the Rays' everyday right fielder. On May 4, <mask> hit his first career inside-the-park home run.During a game against the Boston Red Sox on May 30, <mask> collided with Desmond Jennings while attempting to catch a fly ball, resulting in a stress fracture in <mask>' right wrist, which required a cast and significant rehab time. <mask> returned to the club on August 20, initially slotted as a DH before returning to the field. In 2014, he batted .222/.294/.320 with six home runs and 35 RBIs in 325 at bats. San Diego Padres
On December 19, 2014, the Rays traded <mask>, Ryan Hanigan, and Jose Castillo to the San Diego Padres as part of a three-team

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 transaction, in which the Padres traded Jake Bauers, Burch Smith, and René Rivera to the Rays, the Padres traded Joe Ross and Trea Turner to the Washington Nationals, and Washington traded Steven Souza and Travis Ott to Tampa Bay. 2015
<mask> was the Padres 2015 Opening Day center fielder and manned the position through April and into May. <mask> went on the disabled list in early May with tendinitis in his left wrist, and missed a month. After returning for only three games in June, he went back on the disabled list as the wrist continued to bother him.<mask> returned from the DL on September 4 after a surgical procedure to shave down a bone spur irritating the tendon. Following his return, <mask> began playing first base in addition to the outfield, with Melvin Upton Jr. and Travis Jankowski getting most of the starts in center after the trade of <mask>. In 2015, he batted .253/.336/.427 with eight home runs and 29 RBIs in 225 at bats. 2017
On January 17, 2017, <mask> signed a six-year $83 million extension with the Padres. <mask> hit for the cycle on April 10, 2017 at Coors Field against the Colorado Rockies. It was the second cycle in Padres history. On September 2, a commemorative bobblehead celebrating his accomplishment was handed out to fans at Petco Park.For the season, <mask> continued to hit for power, hitting 30 home runs, and speed, stealing 20 bases. He tied for the National League lead in power-speed number (24.0). However, his consistency declined, as the season saw him striking out 180 times, the second-highest total in the National League, with his batting average declining to .243, and him hitting just .222 with runners in scoring position. On defense, he played almost exclusively first base. 2018
In early April, <mask> suffered from nerve irritation in his right arm and was placed on the disabled list, and on April 28 he suffered

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Will Venable
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 a left oblique strain and was again placed on the disabled list. On July 7, <mask> hit three homers in a 20–5 loss to the Arizona Diamondbacks. The 15-run loss was the first time in Major League history that a team had a player hit three home runs and go on to lose by double digits.On August 4, he was placed on the disabled list with a bruised left foot. <mask> was involved in a controversy in early September, when footage emerged during a live stream of teammate Carlos Asuaje playing the video game Fortnite involved <mask>, chatting with Asuaje while playing, criticizing manager Andy Green. <mask> apologized to Green and took responsibility for the remarks. He ended the season batting .253 with 11 home runs and 39 RBIs in 83 games. He played 41 games in the outfield, 36 at third base, and two at first base. In his major league career through 2018, <mask> played 329 games at first base, 248 games in the outfield, and 37 games at third base. 2019

Over the offseason before the 2019 season, the Padres signed star third baseman Manny Machado, which moved <mask> <mask> to the outfield.Due to the emergence of corner outfielders Franmil Reyes and Hunter Renfroe in 2018 while <mask> was injured, he was also involved in trade rumors, but nothing materialized. On opening day, <mask> hit the first home run of the Padres season. On April 15, <mask> hit his 100th career home run in a home loss to the Rockies. However, 2019 was considered a lost season for <mask>, as he struck out in well over 30% of his plate appearances, struggled in "clutch" situations, and fell out of favor with Green and management. Following the DFA of Robbie Erlin on October 31, <mask> became the longest-tenured Padre. 2020
In the 2020 season shortened by COVID-19, <mask> played in 55 of the 60 games and batted .288/.353/.606 with 15 home runs and 40 RBIs. On August 18, <mask> hit a

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 grand slam in a 6-4 road win against the Texas Rangers, which extended San Diego’s grand slam streak to 2 games.Two days later, the Padres would make history as the first team in MLB history to hit a grand slam in four consecutive games. This year also marked the first winning season and first Postseason appearance for <mask> in San Diego, with the Padres making the Postseason for the first time since 2006. In 6 Postseason games, <mask> slashed .227/.346/.545 with 2 home runs and 5 RBIs. 2021
Following the addition of Blake Snell, <mask> switched to number 5 for the first time in his career. In 146 games, <mask> regressed to a .256/.334/.434 batting line, adding 17 home runs and 68 RBIs. Personal life
<mask>' parents are Eric and <mask>. He has a younger brother named Beau who pitched to him in the 2016 Home Run Derby.He married Maggie Reaves on November 3, 2018. During his tenure with the Padres, broadcaster Mark Grant nicknamed him "El Gallo" ("The Rooster" in Spanish), due to his hairstyle. In November 2021, <mask> and Carmel Country Club in Charlotte sued each other. Carmel claims <mask> owes the club $64,000 in initiation fees, and <mask> is calling for more than $150,000 in damages, claiming that the club hides how difficult it is to get tee times. See also

 List of Major League Baseball players to hit for the cycle

References

External links

1990 births
Living people
Baseball players from North Carolina
Burlington Bees players
Burlington Royals players
Durham Bulls players
Idaho Falls Chukars players
Major League Baseball first basemen
Major League Baseball outfielders
Major League Baseball Rookie of the Year Award winners
National League All-Stars
Northwest Arkansas Naturals players
Omaha Storm Chasers players
People from Thomasville, North Carolina
San Diego Padres players
Surprise Saguaros players
Tampa Bay Rays players
Wilmington Blue

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<mask> (March 3, 1867 — October 1, 1947) was an American architect. He is best known for his academic commissions at Yale University, Columbia University, Northwestern University, and elsewhere. Biography
<mask> was born in Bryan Station, Kentucky, on March 3, 1867, to <mask>. and <mask>. <mask> attended Yale University, where he contributed to The Yale Record and was a member of the senior society Scroll and Key, whose membership included several other notable architects. He received his B.A. in 1889, and is responsible for many of the gothic revival structures at Yale University built in the 1910s through the mid-1930s, as well as the university's master plan in 1924. He designed for other universities as well, such as the Butler Library at Columbia University, many of the original buildings at the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center (now the NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center), and several buildings at Northwestern University, notably Deering Library.He died in New York City on October 1, 1947. Legacy

<mask> was philanthropist Edward Harkness's favorite architect, and Harkness would often condition a gift for a new academic or medical building upon the institution's agreement to hire <mask> for the project. It is thus no coincidence that <mask>' work is abundant at Yale, Columbia and the other institutions Harkness supported lavishly. Though Harkness loved <mask>'s work, when Harkness donated a new home for Wolf's Head, his society at Yale, another architect (Bertram Goodhue) was chosen. <mask>' Collegiate Gothic designs for Yale lent an air of instant heritage and authenticity to the campus. <mask> was criticized by other prominent Gothic-revival American architects, namely Ralph Adams Cram, for his use of steel frames underneath stone cladding, and tricks such as splashing acid on stone walls to simulate age. <mask> was also criticized by the growing Modernist movement of the time.The 1927 Sterling Memorial Library came under especially vocal attack from Yale

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James Gamble Rogers
Rogers
James M
Katharine Gamble Rogers
Rogers
Rogers
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 students for its historicist spirit and its lavish use of ornament. But current opinion generally regards the building as a triumph, being both beautiful and functional. <mask>'s nephew, <mask> <mask> (1901–1990) was also an architect, who designed homes in Winter Park, Florida for the <mask> family architecture firm Rogers, Lovelock and Fritz, where <mask>'s son John (Jack<mask> is a principal architect. <mask>'s other son, <mask> <mask> (1937–1991) was also trained as an architect. After working in the family firm as a young man, <mask> <mask> decided to pursue his passion for music. He became a noted Florida folksinger, composer and guitarist, now memorialized by the Gamble Rogers Memorial Foundation, Gamble Rogers Middle School, and Gamble Rogers Memorial State Recreation Area at Flagler Beach on Florida's east coast. <mask> <mask>' architectural drawings and photographs are now held in the Dept.of Drawings & Archives in the Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library at Columbia University in New York. A number of his built works are listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Buildings

Lees Building (1893), Chicago, Illinois (now demolished)
Hyde Park Union Church (1906), Chicago, Illinois
 Laurel Court Mansion (1907), Cincinnati, Ohio, also known as Peter G. Thomson House (residence of his aunt <mask> Thomson), NRHP-listed
The Edward S. Harkness House (1908), 1 East 75th Street at Fifth Avenue, Manhattan. Constructed as the residence of Edward and Mary Stillman Harkness in 1908. Currently the home of The Commonwealth Fund. Designated a landmark in 1967. Shelby County Courthouse (1909), Memphis, Tennessee
Federal Courthouse (1913), New Haven, CT.
Plan and buildings of The H. Sophie Newcomb Memorial College (1913), Tulane University, New Orleans
Brooks Museum of Art (1913), Memphis, Tennessee.The former Bridgeport High School, now City Hall (1914-16), Bridgeport, Connecticut. The Yale Club of New York City (1915), Midtown Manhattan. Burnham Park Plaza (1915), Chicago. Hsiang Ya

masks:
Rogers
James Gamble
Rogers II
Rogers
Rogers II
) Rogers
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James Gamble
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 Hospital (1918) in Changsa, China. Harkness Memorial Quadrangle (later renovated and subdivided by <mask> in 1933 into Branford and Saybrook Colleges) and Harkness Memorial Tower (1921), Yale University. The Goodwyn (1922), Memphis, Tennessee
Yale's General Plan (1924)
Bob Cook Boat House (1924), Yale University. English Country Estate (1926), 990 East Illinois Road, Lake Forest, Illinois
Ryan Field (1926), Northwestern University.Wieboldt Hall (1926), Northwestern University, Chicago campus
Methodist Church (1926), now University United Methodist Church, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Yeamans Hall Club (1926), Hanahan, South Carolina
Ward Memorial Building (1926), Northwestern University, Chicago campus (funded by Elizabeth Ward in honor of her late husband, mail order and department store magnate Aaron Montgomery Ward.) Beta Theta Pi (1927), Fraternity Row, Yale University. <mask> Gamble Rogers House (1927), 424 West Mountain Road, Ridgefield, CT, in NRHP-listed West Mountain Historic District
Psi Upsilon (1928), later the Fence Club, Fraternity Row, Yale University
Harkness Pavilion (1928), NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital
Ossining High School (1928), Ossining, New York
Vanderbilt School of Dental and Oral Surgery (1928), Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center. Neurological Institute of New York (1928), NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital. College of Physicians and Surgeons (1928), Columbia University Medical Center
Presbyterian Hospital Building (1928), NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital. Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health (1929), Columbia University Medical Center. School of Education (1930), New York University, Greenwich Village.Sterling Memorial Library (1930), Yale University. Delta Kappa Epsilon (1930), Fraternity Row, Yale University. Sterling Law Building (1931), Yale University. Alpha Delta Phi (1931), 215 Park Street, Fraternity Row, Yale University. University Theater and Drama School (1931 renovation), Yale University. Aetna Home Office (1931), Hartford, CT.
Phi Gamma Delta / Vernon Hall (1932),

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 217 Park Street, Fraternity Row, Yale University. Hall of Graduate Studies (1932), Yale University.Jonathan Edwards College (1932) including Weir Hall addition, Yale University. Pierson College (1932), Yale University. Davenport College (1932), Yale University. Briton Hadden Memorial Building (1932), Yale Daily News
Deering Library (1933), Northwestern University, Evanston campus. Trumbull College (1933), Yale University. Berkeley College (1933), Yale University. Butler Library (1934), Columbia University, (as South Hall; renamed in 1946 in honor of Nicholas Murray Butler, president of the university from 1902 to 1945)
Timothy Dwight College (1935), Yale University.Memorial Sloan-Kettering Hospital (1939), Memorial Sloan-Kettering Medical Center. Scott Hall / Cahn Auditorium (1940), Northwestern University, Evanston campus. Harkness Chapel (1940), Connecticut College, New London. Harkness Hall, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Ga.
Riegel Ridge Community Center, Co. Rt. 519, approximately 1.5 mi N of NJ-PA state line, Holland Township, Milford, NJ, NRHP-listed
Rutherford Health Department, 303 N. Church St., Murfreesboro, TN, NRHP-listed

References

Sources

<mask> <mask> and the Architecture of Pragmatism, Aaron Betsky, MIT, 1994. The Architecture of <mask> <mask> II in Winter Park, Florida, Patrick and Debra McClane, 2004. The Campus Guide: Yale University, Patrick L. Pinnell, Princeton Architectural Press, New York, 1999.Yale: A Pictorial History,  Reuben A. Holden, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1967. Yale in New Haven: Architecture and Urbanism, Vincent Scully, Catherine Lynn et al., New Haven, Yale University Press, 2004,

External links
 <mask> <mask> architectural records and photographs, 1905-1980 (bulk 1905-1937), held by the Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library, Columbia University

1867 births
1947 deaths
American architects
Architects from Kentucky
Artists from Lexington, Kentucky
Architects from New York City
Yale School of Architecture alumni
American alumni of the École des

masks:
James Gamble
Rogers
James Gamble
Rogers
James Gamble
Rogers