texts: blended with the body's lines. The inner headlamp on each side pivoted with the steering wheel, while the outer lamps were self-leveling. In 1967, having abandoned the ambitious Projet F begun by Bertoni and taken over by Opron, Citroën initiated a competition for a new mid-range model that pitted Opron and the Bureau d'Études against Giorgetto Giugiaro and Italdesign. Both teams submitted designs for front wheel drive 3- and 5-door cars powered by flat-four engines. Opron's proposal carried the day, and his Project G eventually became the GS released in 1970.Some have claimed that Opron based the GS' shape on the Pininfarina Austin 1800 Aerodinamica Berline of 1967. Others assert that, while it may have been influenced by the Italo-English concept car, Opron's design was an independent work, and point out that Citroën has never acknowledged any link. Giugiaro's rejected design was taken up by Alfa Romeo and developed into the Alfasud. In 1968 Citroën opened a new Centre d'Études at Vélizy, France. Opron oversaw the arrangements for the move, which was completed progressively over several years. Opron refreshed the Ami 6 to create the Ami 8 of 1969. He also led the team that developed the Citroën M35, a two-door fastback based on the Ami 8 chassis that was powered by a single rotor Comotor engine.Production ran from 1969–1971, and although 500 M35s were planned to be built, the total number is believed to be just more than half that. The first completely new model of the Opron era, and the car he is most closely associated with, was the SM. Assigned the development name Projet S, the original goal was to produce a racing car suitable for Le Mans. Through the influence of Opron and Pierre Bercot, Citroën's managing director, it evolved from a racing car into a premium model in the old Grand Routier tradition. The SM team, which included Jean Giert, built a full-scale model in the Bureau d'Études workshops on the Rue du Théâtre, making the SM the last model developed in this location before the last of the style


type: original

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 department moved to their new location in Vélizy. A design for a possible GS-based coupé progressed to the full-scale model stage. The car was to be built by Ligier when their contract to assemble the SM expired in 1974–75 but did not go into production.The project that was Opron's personal favorite was also his last design for Citroën. Initially called Projet L, the result was the CX, which debuted in 1974 as the successor to the DS. When Citroën declared bankruptcy in 1974, the French Government stepped in and arranged a merger of Citroën with Peugeot. Opron left shortly after this. Renault
In 1975 Opron started work at Renault after reportedly being the target of an executive search by them. For his new employers he led the redesign of the Alpine A310, a project that stylist Peter Stevens was also involved in. The original 4-cylinder A310 was modified to accommodate the V6 PRV engine, and to address some aerodynamic deficiencies of the original shape.Opron developed a design for an ultra-compact city car called the Véhicule Bas de Gamme (VBG), or Entry Level Vehicle. He was also involved in the Vesta II concept car of 1987, along with designer Gaston Juchet. Opron's designs at Renault included the Renault Fuego sports coupé of 1980, as well as the Renault 9 and 11, with the 9 sedan released in 1981 and the 11 hatchback in 1983. Opron worked with AMC's Dick Teague to adapt the 9 and 11 models to the American market, where they were sold as the Alliance and Encore respectively. Opron's tenure at Renault was marked by extensive collaborations with other well-known designers and carrosserie. Marcello Gandini influenced the shape of the 25 of 1983, and produced the shape for the Super Cinq in 1984. An association with Giugiaro and Italdesign resulted in the Renault Gabbiano of 1983, and later the Renault 21 of 1986 and Renault 19 of 1988.In May 1977 Opron sent a letter to director François Zanotti, director of Renault’s commercial division, with a proposal for a new line of commercial trucks, and included two


texts:
 sketches by designer Guy Greffier. Zanotti approved further development, and Greffier refined his original sketches. As the project progressed, Opron invited Gandini to join the design effort. The end result was the Renault AE Magnum truck line released in 1990, when it also won "European Truck of the Year". Opron wanted to establish a centre of advanced styling in the United States. He spent time in the States working to that end, but it did not materialise. When he returned to Europe he arrived to changes in the leadership of Renault.Opron left Renault in 1985. Fiat
After Renault Opron moved to Centro Stile at Fiat, where he was put in charge of advanced studies. He is credited with creating the earliest sketches for a design project called the ES 30, for Experimental Sportscar 3.0 litres. Opron's early concept, which won out against a competing proposal from Giugiaro, was fully developed by Antonio Castellana. The prototype was completed in just nineteen months – quickly enough to appear at the 1989 Geneva Motor Show. This highly controversial design went into limited production as the Alfa Romeo SZ coupé and the later RZ convertible, where the "Z" refers to coachbuilder Zagato. The model was also given the nickname "Il Mostro" (the monster) for its unusual appearance.In 1992 Opron left Fiat at sixty years of age, having reached mandatory retirement age. Independent consultant
From 1991 to 2000 he operated his own independent design consultancy in Verrières-le-Buisson in south Paris (Essonne). One of Opron's clients was Ligier, who had become a manufacturer of "voitures sans permis" or "voiturettes", a class of microcar in France that may be driven without an operator's license. For Ligier Opron produced the original Dué, which debuted at the 1998 Paris Motor Show. The Ligier Dragonfly shown at the 2000 Geneva Motor Show was also an Opron design. Opron also consulted for Piaggio. Design gallery

References

Further reading

1932 births
2021 deaths
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in France
French automobile


texts:
Dame <mask>  (born 17 January 1949) is a Barbadian politician, lawyer, and diplomat who is the first and current president of Barbados. She became the second woman to hold the office of Governor-General, and previously the eighth and final governor-general of Barbados from 2018 to 2021. <mask> was elected by the Parliament of Barbados on 20 October 2021 to become the country's first president and took office on 30 November 2021, when Barbados ceased to be a constitutional monarchy and became a republic. <mask> was a practicing attorney-at-law who has served as a High Court judge in Saint Lucia and a Court of Appeal judge in Barbados, and was the first woman admitted to the Bar in Barbados. She served as chair of the CARICOM commission to evaluate regional integration, was the first magistrate appointed an ambassador from Barbados, and was the first woman to serve on the country's Supreme Court. She was the first appointee from Barbados to the Commonwealth Secretariat Arbitral Tribunal. In 2017, she was appointed the 8th governor-general of Barbados, with a term beginning on 8 January 2018.Simultaneously with her appointment, <mask> was awarded the Dame Grand Cross in the Order of Saint Michael and Saint George. On assumption of the office of Governor-General, she became the Chancellor of the Order of National Heroes, Order of Barbados and the Order of Freedom. Early life and education

<mask> <mask> was born on 17 January 1949 in Saint Philip, Barbados. After studying at St. Catherine's Primary School until age nine, she attended secondary school at Queen's College, then began teaching at the Princess Margaret Secondary School in 1968. The following year, she worked at Barclays Bank as a clerk. <mask> enrolled in the University of the West Indies at Cave Hill, where she earned a Bachelor of Laws. <mask> was one of the first graduates of the Faculty of Law from UWI, Cave Hill,

masks:
Sandra Prunella Mason
Mason
Mason
Mason
Sandra Prunella
Mason
Mason
Mason


texts:
 completing her education in 1973.In 1975 she obtained a Legal Education Certificate from Hugh Wooding Law School in Trinidad and Tobago, becoming the first woman attorney-at-law from Barbados to graduate from the school. She was admitted to the bar on 10 November the same year, becoming the first woman member of the Barbados Bar Association. She is a Soroptimist and Patron of SI Barbados. Early career and legal practice

Beginning in 1975, she worked in Trust Administration for Barclay's and transferred to several different posts within the Barclay's company until 1977. In 1978, <mask> began working as the Magistrate of the Juvenile and Family Court and simultaneously tutoring in family law at UWI. She stopped tutoring in 1983 and continuing as magistrate. In 1988, <mask> completed the Royal Institute of Public Administration in London's course on Judicial Administration.She served on the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child from its 1991 inception until 1999, holding the vice chair from 1993 to 1995 and chair from 1997 to 1999. Between 1991 and 1992, <mask> served as chair and was one of the two women appointed to the 13-member CARICOM commission charged with evaluating regional integration. She left the family court in 1992 to serve as an ambassador to Venezuela, and was the first woman magistrate from Barbados to serve in that position. Between 1993 and 1994 she also served as ambassador to Chile, Colombia and Brazil. Upon her return to Barbados in 1994, <mask> was appointed Chief Magistrate for Barbados, and in 1997 became the Registrar of the Supreme Court. In 2000, <mask> completed studies on Alternative Dispute Resolution at the University of Windsor in Windsor, Ontario, Canada, and then completed a Fellowship with the Commonwealth Judicial Education Institute in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 2001, as well as a course in Advanced Dispute Resolution at UWI. She continued

masks: Mason Mason Mason Mason Mason


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 to serve as Registrar of the Supreme Court until 2005, when she was appointed as Queen's Counsel to the Inner Bar of Barbados.In 2008, <mask> was sworn in as an Appeals Judge becoming the first woman to serve on the Barbados Court of Appeals. For three days in 2012, she became the acting Governor-General of Barbados and the following year was the first Barbadian appointed to membership in the Commonwealth Secretariat Arbitral Tribunal (CSAT). The Tribunal operates among members of the Commonwealth of Nations to resolve issues concerning contract disputes. With that appointment, Loop News named her one of the 10 most powerful women in Barbados. Governor-General of Barbados

In 2017, <mask> was appointed as the eighth Governor-General of Barbados, with a term beginning on 8 January 2018. Simultaneously with her appointment, <mask> was also appointed a Dame Grand Cross in the Order of Saint Michael and Saint George. In 2020, <mask>, in her official capacity announcing government policy in the Throne Speech, written by the government of Prime Minister Mia Mottley, stated that Barbados would become a republic, removing Queen Elizabeth II as head of state.She was then expected to be nominated as a candidate to be the first president of Barbados, then to be elected by the two houses of parliament, and to assume office on 30 November 2021. President of Barbados

On 12 October 2021, <mask> was nominated by Prime Minister Mia Mottley and Opposition Leader Joseph Atherley to become the first President of Barbados. On 20 October she was elected by both houses without opposition, although no national vote amongst the people was ever held. <mask> took office on 30 November 2021, the 55th anniversary of Independence. While she is nominally chief executive and is the sole head of state in Barbados, in practice her role is mostly ceremonial, much like her previous role as

masks: Mason Mason Mason Mason Mason Mason


texts:
<mask> (; 14 November 1601 – 19 August 1680) was a French Roman Catholic priest and the founder of both the Order of Our Lady of Charity in 1641 and Congregation of Jesus and Mary also known as The Eudists in 1643. He was also a professed member of the Oratory of Jesus until 1643 and the author of the proper for the Mass and Divine Office of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus Christ and the Blessed Virgin. <mask> was an ardent proponent of the Sacred Hearts and dedicated himself to its promotion and celebration; the Masses he compiled for both Sacred Hearts were both first celebrated within his lifetime. He preached missions across France, including Paris and Versailles, while earning recognition as a popular evangelist and confessor. <mask> was also a prolific writer and wrote on the Sacred Hearts despite opposition from the Jansenists. <mask> was canonized as a saint in mid-1925 and his supporters are now petitioning to have him named a Doctor of the Church. Life

Education
<mask> was born on 14 November 1601 on a farm close to the village of Ri to <mask> (born circa 1566) and Martha Corbin; he had four sisters and two brothers, including the historian <mask>zeray (1610-10 July 1683).He made his First Communion on 26 May 1613 (Pentecost) and at age 14 took a private vow to remain chaste. <mask> studied under the Jesuits at Caen before he decided to join the Oratorians on 25 March 1623. His masters and models in the spiritual life were Pierre de Bérulle (who welcomed him into the order) and the contemplative and ascetic Charles de Condren. As a student of de Bérulle, he became a member of the French school that promoted a Christocentric approach to spiritual affairs. This was characterized by a strong sense of adoration, plus pursuit of a personal relationship with Jesus Christ which extended to the Holy Spirit. Bishop Jacques Camus de Pontcarré ordained <mask> to the subdiaconate on 21 December 1624. Priesthood
<mask> was ordained to the priesthood

masks:
John Eudes
Eudes
Eudes
Eudes
Jean Eudes
Isaac Eudes
François Eudes de Mé
Eudes
Eudes
Eudes


texts:
 on 20 December 1625 and he celebrated his first Mass at Christmas.Almost immediately after his ordination, he came down with an illness that kept him bedridden until 1626. He was sent to Aubervilliers for his theological studies and returned to Séez in 1627. During severe plagues in 1627 and 1631, he volunteered to care for the stricken in his own diocese, administering the sacraments and ensuring the dead received a proper burial. He did this with the permission of his Oratorian superiors. To avoid infecting his colleagues during this time, he lived in a huge cask in the middle of a field. In 1633 he began preaching parish missions, eventually preaching over a hundred missions throughout his own region as well as in Ile-de-France and Burgundy and also in Brittany. Jean-Jacques Olier referred to <mask> as "the prodigy of his age."<mask> became a noted preacher and confessor with a flair for evangelization and his missions often lasted from several weeks to several months; he preached three in Paris and one in Versailles. <mask> even preached once for Anne of Austria, though her son King Louis XIV suspected that <mask> was hostile towards his Gallican policies. He was also quite concerned about the spiritual improvement of priests and realized that the seminaries needed improvement. He founded several seminaries in the region including in Rennes. In 1674 he received six papal bulls of indulgences from Pope Clement X for confraternities and seminaries dedicated to the Sacred Hearts. Religious congregations
In his work he became disturbed when he saw the inadequate shelters for those prostitutes who sought to escape that life. Madeleine Lamy – who had cared for some of those women – came up to him on one occasion and challenged <mask> to address the issue.In 1641 he founded the Order of Our Lady of Charity of the Refuge in Caen to provide a refuge for prostitutes who wished to do penance. Three Visitation nuns came to his aid for a brief period

masks: Eudes Eudes Eudes Eudes Eudes


texts: and in 1644 a house was opened at Caen. Other ladies joined them and on 8 February 1651 the Bishop of Bayeux gave the institute his diocesan approbation. The congregation received papal approval from Pope Alexander VII on 2 January 1666. It later also included a convent from which Mary Euphrasia Pelletier established the Congregation of Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd, in 1829. With the support of Cardinal Richelieu and a number of individual bishops, he severed his connection with the Oratorians to establish the Eudists for the education of priests and for parish missions. This congregation was founded at Caen on 25 March 1643.<mask> also founded the Society of the Most Admirable Mother which acted as a sort of Third Order, and would later count among its members Jeanne Jugan and Amelie Fristel. <mask> was influenced by the teachings of the French school, Francis de Sales, and the revelations of Gertrude the Great and Mechtilde. Bérulle's devotion to the Incarnate Word won him over and he combined with it the gentleness and devotional warmth of Francis de Sales. He changed the somewhat individual and private character of the devotion into a devotion for the whole church when he wrote for the benefit of his communities an Office and a Mass which later received approval from several bishops before spreading throughout the church. For this reason Pope Leo XIII – in proclaiming <mask>' heroic virtues later in 1903 – gave him the title of "Author of the Liturgical Worship of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and Holy Heart of Mary". <mask> dedicated the chapels of the Caen and Coutances seminaries to the Sacred Heart. The feast of the Immaculate Heart of the Mother of God was celebrated for the first time on 8 February 1648 and that of the Sacred Heart of Jesus on 20 October 1672 each as a double of the first class with an octave.He composed various rosaries and prayers dedicated to the Sacred Hearts. His book Le Cœur Admirable de la Très Sainte

masks: Eudes Eudes Eudes Eudes


texts:
 Mère de Dieu is the first book ever written on the devotion to the Sacred Hearts. In 1671 there was a rumor that <mask> would be named as the Coadjutor Bishop of Evreux and that the king Louis XIV would support the nomination based on <mask>' reputation. Death
<mask> died at Caen on 19 August 1680. He had drafted up his last will in April 1671 when his health started to decline. <mask>' remains were exhumed and transferred in 1810 and again for the last time on 6 March 1884. Sainthood

The cause for canonization commenced in the Diocese of Séez in an informative process that commenced on 19 August 1868.The formal introduction to the cause came on 7 February 1874 under Pope Pius IX, who titled <mask> as a Servant of God. Pope Leo XIII later confirmed, on 6 January 1903, that <mask> had lived a life of heroic virtue and thus named him as Venerable. Pope Pius X later approved two miracles attributed to <mask>' intercession and beatified him on 25 April 1909 in Saint Peter's Basilica. The ratification of two more miracles enabled Pope Pius XI to preside over <mask>' canonization on 31 May 1925. Doctor of the Church

His supporters first proposed the idea to have <mask> named as a Doctor of the Church around the time of World War II, though the conflict and then the course of the Second Vatican Council caused the suspension of inquiries into such a path. But in January 2012, the General Assembly of the Eudists conceded that it was time for that path to be pursued once more, since there existed no impediments to pursuing such a path. In the course of 2014–15, the episcopal conferences of France, Mexico, Venezuela, Ecuador, Benin, Honduras, and Colombia gave their full support to this proposal.The plenary session of the French Episcopal Conference on 8 November 2014 confirmed its support for the cause of <mask> as a Doctor of the Church. On 3 December 2016 the then-Superior General of the Eudists Camilo Bernal Hadad and the Bishop of Le Puy-en-Velay

masks: Eudes Eudes Eudes Eudes Eudes Eudes Eudes Eudes Eudes Eudes


texts:
 Luc Crépy met with Pope Francis to discuss the idea. Those managing the process collected evidence needed to support the idea and compiled it into a Positio dossier, which included the reasons for the proposal as well as those spiritual works that would support it. This dossier was submitted to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints in April 2017 for them to evaluate. Spirituality
<mask> taught about the mystical unity of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary and wrote:

The most striking characteristic of <mask>' teaching on Devotion to the Sacred Heart – as indeed of his whole teaching on the spiritual life – is that Christ is its centre at all times. Views of the Popes
Pope Benedict XVI – in his General Audience catechesis on 19 August 2009 – praised <mask> as a "tireless apostle of the devotion of the Sacred Hearts" noting that <mask> was an example for priests during the Year for Priests. The pope went on to describe <mask>' "apostolic zeal" in the formation of seminarians into priests as well as the fact that <mask> was a model for evangelization and witness to the "love for Christ's Heart and Mary's Heart".Statue
Saint Peter's Basilica features a statue portraying (and dedicated to) <mask> constructed by Silvio Silva in 1932. It is located on the right side of the central nave. Works
<mask> wrote a number of books. Berulle's Spiritual Theology of Priesthood. Munster, 2018. External links

 Saint <mask>. The Sacred Heart of Jesus
 Founder Statue in Saint Peter's Basilica
 Saint <mask> in Kingdom of Jesus (Part VI, Chapter XI
 Saints SQPN

Divine Mercy
1601 births
1680 deaths
17th-century Christian mystics
17th-century Christian saints
17th-century French Roman Catholic priests
Beatifications by Pope Pius X
Canonizations by Pope Pius XI
Burials in Normandy
Eudists
Eudist mystics
Eudist saints
Founders of Catholic religious communities
French Christian mystics
French Roman Catholic saints
Oratorians
People from Orne
Roman Catholic

masks:
Eudes
Eudes
Eudes
Eudes
Eudes
Eudes
Eudes
Eudes
John Eudes
John Eudes


texts:
<mask> (Russian: Михаил Владимирович Рева; March 13, 1960) is a Ukrainian artist, sculptor, architect, jewelry craftsman, a founder of a non-profit organisation - REVA Foundation, a co-founder of a charitable organisation " Buduschee" ('The Future'), the Rehabilitation center for children named after Boris Litvak. Biography

<mask> was born on March 13, 1960 in Kerch (Crimea). In 1966 he moved with his parents to Odessa (Ukraine). After high school he entered Odessa Higher Engineering Marine School and graduated in 1977. Then he served the army (1980-1982). On his return to Odessa, he worked in the sculpture art fund, where he met his future wife Tatyana Kushniruk. At the age of 25, <mask> entered the Higher School of Art and Design named after V. Mukhina, St. Petersburg.His academic tutors were Lyudmila Pavlovna Kalugina, Anatoly Gordeevich Dyoma (sculpture), Peter Izrailevich Puko (painting), Igor Pavlovich Shmelev (architecture and design). Michail Reva :"It was a happy time. The floodgate of information just started to open, and we were overwhelmed with a desire of creating our new "concord of the day", a new world. We were sitting till dawn talking about art, our souls were glowing in a sincere impulse. What a powerful aspiration it was - to work, to dream, to create...Today I remember that time as a time of hope, a time of discovery, of such an amazing thirst, that much as we reveled in art and in freedom, it was never enough. Five years of my student life passed in a blink of an eye. Trying to reminisce that time in detail, I recall all my Institute works.And everything else is remembered as one huge continuous cognitive moment. A moment, in which the entire Universe fell upon me!" Michail <mask> was graduated with summa cum laude in the

masks:
Mikhail Reva
Mikhail Reva
Mikhail
Reva


texts:
 field of architectural and decorative plastics in 1990. The Academy of Arts awarded him a scholarship and sent to Rome (Italy) to Villa Abamelec. On completion of his internship, he returned to Odessa. The fateful acquaintance with Ernst Neizvestny during the work of the monument "The Golden Child" (<mask> made bas-reliefs "Four Sides of the World"). <mask> was the creator of the "Angel of Grace" for the children's rehabilitation center "Future", founder of this unique complex was the famous Odessa activist Boris Davidovich Litvak."Do not refuse good deeds when your hand is able to do it"  written on the bay window, under the gold angel. The works of Michael Reva have a diverse nature and are presented in many central locations of Odessa, Ukraine. His art-objects have become a landmark of the city - a monument dedicated to I. Ilf and E. Petrov "The Twelfth Chair", "Love Tree", the fountain "Source of Life" next to Vorontsov Palace, art object "Odessa's Time" and many other works. Activities
 1984 Exhibition "Land and People" in the "Manege" Moscow, USSR. 1985-1990 Studied at the Academy of Decorative and Applied Art and Design (until 1992 - Higher Art and Industrial School named after VN Mukhina). St. Petersburg. 1986 Laureate of the competition to create the prize of the international film festival "Golden Duke", Odessa.1990 Received the Gold Medal of the Academy of Arts of the USSR for the best diploma in the field of architectural and decorative plastics. 1991-1992 Internship at the Roman Academy of Arts, Italy. 1992 Personal exhibition in the House of the Artist, Moscow, Russia. 1993 Joined the National Union of Artists of Ukraine. 1994 International exhibition of miniature sculptures, dedicated to Divine Comedy Dante. Ravenna Italy,

masks: Mikhail Mikhail


texts:
 participation in the UNESCO auction of UNICEF. Paris, France.1995 "Gateway to ..." - personal exhibition within the framework of the international conference dedicated to V.V. Kandinsky at Museum of Western and Eastern Arts, Odessa. 1996 "Dreams of Montezuma" - personal exhibition within a framework of international project "Communication" Caracas, Venezuela. 1997 Grand Prix of the International Festival of Arts "Golden Peretin" Kyiv, Ukraine. 1998 The 3-rd Prize of the 110th International Biennial "Libr'Art" Libramont, Belgium. 2000 Personal exhibition "Altar of children's dreams". Children's Rehabilitation Center, Odessa, Ukraine,
 2000 Participation in the exhibition "20 artists of Ukraine at the end of the 20th century".National Museum of Art, Kyiv. 2001 Participation in the exhibition "Ten Years of Independence of Ukraine" at Ukrainian Institute of America in New York, USA. 2003 Exhibition "Decorative and Applied Art of Ukraine of the ХХ century, 200 names". Ukrainian House, Kyiv
 2004 Awarded a title "The Honoured Artist of Ukraine" by the Ukrainian Government. 2005 Personal exhibition "7305". Museum of Western and Oriental art. Odessa, Ukraine.2007 Awarded the title of Professor of the Moscow Branch of the International Academy of Architecture MAAM, Russia
 2007 Laureate of the National Competition in Architecture "Creation", the first prize in the nomination "Public Interior" Odessa, Ukraine. 2010 First prize in the international competition for the creation of the memorial and museum complex "Babi Yar" Kyiv, Ukraine. 2013 The first prize in the international competition for the best idea for art installation in the atrium of the department store TSUM Kyiv, Ukraine. 2014 Participation in the exhibition "Ukrainian Breakthrough" at the


texts:
 Center for Contemporary Art, Odessa. 2015 Established Reva Foundation (Ukraine). 2017 Member of the Presidential Council  World Club of Odessites. 2018 Tender winner for creation a monument "Heroes of Heavenly Hundred", Odessa.2019 Winner of Jan Gelman Award for benefits and glory of Odessa, established by the Gentlemen's KVN team at Odessa University. Basic works
 1993 The fountain "Source of Life" dedicated to the 200th anniversary of Odessa
 1994-1995 Bas-reliefs "Four Sides of the World" to the monumental sculpture of Ernst Neizvestny "The Golden Child". Odessa. 1996 "Angel of Grace" - a monumental sculpture, bronze with gilding, installed over the entrance to the rehabilitation center for disabled children, Odessa. 1997 A complex of fountains on a biblical theme for the residence of the US ambassador to Kyiv, Ukraine. 1997 The project "Slavic shrines" for the National Treasury of Ukraine. 1988,1990,1994 Design of "Grand Award" for the International Film Festival "Golden Duke".Odessa. 1998 Peter Berg Prize "For overcoming the impossible", ordered by the National Geographic Society of Great Britain. 1999 "The 12th chair", bronze park sculpture, installed in the Central Park of Odessa,
 1999 Competition project of monumental sculpture "Adam Apple" commissioned by the Amsterdam municipality, Holland. 2001 Competition project of the monumental sculpture "Crystal Dream" for the public project "3 Acres on the Lake", Chicago, USA
 2003 Sculptures of the business center "Leonardo", Kyiv, Ukraine
 2005 Monument "In the memory of the victims of terrorism around the world" Kyiv, Ukraine
 2006 Sculptural composition "Tree of Love" Odessa
 2006 Sculptural composition "The Heart of the World" Children's Rehabilitation Center for Disabled Children, Odessa


texts:
 2007 Interior design of Intercontinental Hotel, Kyiv
 2007-2008 Sculpture "The Grain of Life" together with Angelo Farion (Moscow). 2009 Concept of architectural project for the memorial and museum complex "Babi Yar" Kyiv, Ukraine
 2009 Fountain (bronze, golden leaf) in the atrium of Intercontinental Hotel, Kyiv
 2011 Project of the fountain, sculptural compositions and design of the Swisshotel Odessa Hotel
 2011 Architectural project of the monument Isaac Babel sculptor Georgiy Vartanovich Frangulyan, Odessa
 2012 The project "Trilogy of Grapevine" (bronze, gilding) for the "Wine Culture Center of Shabo", Odessa region
 2012 Sculptural composition "City-Center" (steel, paint) Odessa, Ukraine
 2013 Sculpture "Stones" (sheet iron, pebbles)
 2013 Graphic project "Odessa series" (paper, ink)
 2014 Kinetic sculptural compositions (steel, plastic) the central avenue of Arcadia beach
 2015 Park sculpture "Odessa's Time"
 2016 The tomb of Bogdan Stupka (Kyiv)
 2017 Illustrations for Georgy Golubenko’s book “Odessa Decameron”
 2017 Sculpture "DOMUS SOLIS" on the beach Langeron, Odessa. 2017 Sculpture Greek Memorial Sign
 2018 Sculptural composition "Particles of Life" for the Odrex Medical House, Odessa. 2018 Fountain "Origin of Inception" Greek Park, Odessa.2018 Violin Soul Prize for The International Pedagogy Award of Honor 2018 Foundation Sion Violin Music -Switzerland
 2019 Prize for the IX International festival of clowns and mimes “Comedyad-2019”
 2019 Sculpture "More books, less fear", Odessa National Scientific Library. Gallery

References

External links
 RevaStudio
 REVA Foundation Ltd.
 Behance
 Press
 Interview in Odessa Review

Male sculptors
1960 births
Living people
People from Kerch
Ukrainian sculptors
Ukrainian architects
Ukrainian


texts:
<mask>, PC (; 31 January 1944 – 29 July 1999) was a Sri Lankan Tamil lawyer, academic and politician. He was a Member of Parliament and Director of the International Centre for Ethnic Studies. On 29 July 1999, <mask> was assassinated. The militant Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam was widely blamed for the assassination, and the assassination received condemnation from around the world. In 2001 he was posthumously awarded the Law and Society Association first International Prize for "his distinguished scholarship in legal pluralism, human rights, constitutionalism, ethnic conflict, and the capacity of law to contain violence". He has also received posthumous recognition by the Train Foundation's Civil Courage Prize. Early life and family
<mask> was born on 31 January 1944.He was the son of M. <mask>, a leading lawyer, and Punithavathy. He was educated at Royal College, Colombo. After school he joined the Department of Law at the University of Ceylon, Colombo, graduating with a LL.B. degree. He then proceeded to Harvard Law School from where he received M.A. and J.S.D. degrees.Tiruchelvam married Sithie. They had two sons (Nirgunan and Mithran). Career
Tiruchelvam was called to the bar as an advocate in 1968. He took over his father's law firm Tiruchelvam Associates. He was a member of the Law Commission. He was made a President's Counsel in February 1998. Tiruchelvam held several academic positions in Sri Lanka and the USA.He was Fulbright Fellow (1969–71) and fellow in law and modernization at Yale Law School (1972–74). He was then reader at the Faculty of Law, University of Sri Lanka Colombo campus and Edward Smith Visiting Fellow and Lecturer at Harvard Law School. Tiruchelvam was director of the Colombo-based International Centre for Ethnic Studies (ICES). He became a member of the London-based Minority Rights Group International (MRG) in 1994 and was elected its chair in 1999. He had been an international observer in several countries, including Pakistan, Chile, Kazakhstan, Ethiopia, South Africa and Nigeria. On 1 August 1982 T. Thirunavukarasu, the Tamil United

masks:
Neelakandan Tiruchelvam
Tiruchelvam
Tiruchelvam
Tiruchelvam


texts: Liberation Front (TULF) MP for Vaddukoddai, died and on 14 October 1982 the TULF nominated Kuttimani (Selvarajah Yogachandran), a leading member of the militant Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization (TELO), to be his replacement. Kuttimani was at that time in prison awaiting trial on charges related to the Neervely bank robbery.There was dispute as to whether Kuttimani was eligible to be an MP and on 24 January 1983 Kuttimani "resigned" from Parliament, never having taken oath. The TULF subsequently nominated <mask> to be Thirunavukarasu's replacement. <mask> took his oath in on 8 March 1983. <mask> and all other TULF MPs boycotted Parliament from the middle of 1983 for a number of reasons: they were under pressure from Sri Lankan Tamil militants not to stay in Parliament beyond their normal six-year term; the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka required them to swear an oath unconditionally renouncing support for a separate state; and the Black July riots in which up to 3,000 Tamils were killed by Sinhalese mobs. After three months of absence, <mask> forfeited his seat in Parliament on 22 October 1983. After the Black July riots many TULF leaders went into exile but <mask> stayed in Colombo. <mask> was appointed as the TULF's National List MP in Parliament following the 1994 parliamentary election.Tiruchelvam, along with G. L. Peiris, were the lead authors of President Chandrika Kumaratunga's 1995 constitutional reform and devolution plan (also known as the "GL-Neelan Package" or "The New Deal"). The plan involved turning Sri Lanka from a unitary state into a "union of regions", merging of the Northern and Eastern provinces, expanding the subjects devolved to provincial councils, establishment of a mechanism to resolve disputes between the central and provincial governments and greater recognition of Sri Lanka's many minorities. The plan went beyond the Thirteenth Amendment and was federalism in all but name. The plan, which was released on 3 August 1995, was generally welcomed both in Sri Lanka and abroad but was attacked by Sinhalese nationalists and

masks: Tiruchelvam Tiruchelvam Tiruchelvam Tiruchelvam Tiruchelvam Tiruchelvam


texts:
 Tamil militants. The plan was subsequently watered down so much that even the TULF refused to support it and the plan was never implemented. Assassination
On the morning of 29 July 1999 Tiruchelvam was on his way to office at Kynsey Terrace, Colombo when, around 9.10 a.m., a man threw himself onto Tiruchelvam's car near the Kynsey Road-Rosemead Place Junction, detonating an explosive which killed both Tiruchelvam and the assassin. Thiruchelvam's driver, bodyguard and three policemen in an escort jeep behind the car were also injured.The militant Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) was widely blamed for the assassination. The LTTE's spokesman Anton Balasingham confirmed to Erik Solheim that they had killed Tiruchelvam, and said it was due to him betraying Tamil interests by supporting the government's watered down devolution package, despite them giving him prior warnings to quit. The assassination received condemnation from around the world. Aftermath
In 2001 <mask> was posthumously awarded the Law and Society Association first International Prize for "his distinguished scholarship in legal pluralism, human rights, constitutionalism, ethnic conflict, and the capacity of law to contain violence". He has also received posthumous recognition by the Train Foundation's Civil Courage Prize. References

External links

 Amnesty International condemns killing of <mask> Thiruchelvam MP

1944 births
1999 deaths
Academics of the University of Sri Lanka (Colombo)
Alumni of Royal College, Colombo
Alumni of the University of Ceylon (Colombo)
Assassinated Sri Lankan activists
Assassinated Sri Lankan politicians
Ceylonese advocates
Harvard Law School alumni
Harvard Law School faculty
Members of the 8th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 10th Parliament of Sri Lanka
People from Colombo
People killed during the Sri Lankan Civil War
People of British Ceylon
President's Counsels (Sri Lanka)
Sri Lankan Hindus
Sri Lankan Tamil academics
Sri Lankan Tamil activists
Sri Lankan Tamil lawyers
Sri Lankan Tamil politicians
Tamil United Liberation Front politicians
Yale Law School

masks: Tiruchelvam Neelan


texts:
<mask> (born May 22, 1950 in Villahermosa, Tabasco) is a Mexican photographer. Early life
In 1968, <mask> and her family moved to Mexico City, where she currently resides. <mask> attended the Visual Studies Workshop in Rochester, New York from 1976 to 1977. She began working as a photographer since 1977. During these years she worked as a photography professor at the Centro de la Imagen, Tecnologico de Monterrey, and the Escuela de Fotografia Nacho Lopez. While living in Rochester, she received the Guggenheim fellowship to create a photographic project about Mexico City, which would later be known as the Mexican Passion. This same year she began working as a still photographer for a Mexican film production company.Later on, she worked as an independent photographer for different types of magazines. Since she started working freelance, there was a moment were she began teaching the art of still photography at different schools to help her financial with the various projects she was looking into. The first couple of years as an independent photographer she spent her time specializing in black and white still photography. Then in 2003 she began exploring digital and color photography. The main focus of her work was to capture the relationship between the people and the city. Along with other grants that she earned, it helped her fund her collections among many different countries such as Mexico, United States, and Europe. With a shift in photography came a shift in the themes that she was capturing.Her black and white photos targeted more people while color photographs displayed more symbolic objects. Work
<mask> is most known for capturing what she describes as the "Mexican Passion", images that show the everyday life and culture of the people from Mexico: people mixing in celebration, tradition, and protest. For the majority of her time as a photographer, Andrade captured the "carnivalesque"

masks:
Yolanda Andrade
Yolanda
Yolanda Andrade
Andrade


texts:
 world of Mexico City. She highlighted the cross between modernization, history, faith, and tradition which was the start of Mexico's culture. In her book titled Mexican Passion, some of the photographs being taken were of the hipster scene of the youth. She showcased the various protests that took place such as the LGBTQ parade in Mexico City to illustrate the modernization of the city that is moving towards a progressive era. The pictures taken do not show resistance, but rather pride and joy in each of the individual's faces.Along with being a photographer, <mask> is also an author of visual books showcasing her collection. She participates in various discussions and conferences about Latin American photography. She is a member of an art association called the Sistema Nacional de Creadores de Arte del FONCA (National System of Art Creators)  whose aim is to showcase artists in order to express  national identity and appreciation of Mexico. This is part of her activism work, in which she uses the photographs taken as a form of calling out the oppression done towards a group of people. Through her work, highlights how different groups of people come together as a united front but captured in a sense of celebration of identity. Photography
<mask> began taking pictures in 1976 in the streets of Mexico. These photographs taken were primarily in black and white.Her photographs were mainly centered around the Mexican culture and street life. Her work could be described as poetically documentary at this point. During this time she tried integrating popular arts and urban culture, something that was emerging in Mexican media. A few of the photographs that she has taken can be found in the website "Ciudad de Mexico" . These images are photographs taken in black and white, where they make a stand in what is being experienced in the streets of Mexico. Since these images were taken in the streets of

masks: Yolanda Andrade


texts:
 Mexico, people were her main art subjects. In 2003, <mask> made the switch from black and white to color.She moved from using film to digital camera which she incorporated color to the photos she took. The change also came with a change in scenery. People were no longer her main focus of her photographs. Her work became more centered through composition and symbolism. Instead of only capturing photographs in Mexico City, she visited other countries as well. Some of these countries included Europe and India. This helped her obtain a new way of capturing the "youthful perspective", that is targeting a different audience in her works.In her photographs, she touches on the themes of cities, streets, pop culture, travel, and memory. She makes sure that her work targets representation and the real world and showing how everything around us can create a different way of experiencing our everyday interactions with the world. Her work is mainly targeting pop culture in the modern society of the city. Exhibitions
The majority of <mask>'s work is exhibited in Mexico, the United States, and Europe. She has more than twenty-five solo shows that display her photographs. Her work is exhibited in various locations. The locations are listed below.Collection locations
 Visual Studies Workshop (Rochester, NY)
 California Museum of Photography (Riverside, CA)
 Museum of Fine Arts (Houston, TX)
 Southwestern and Mexican Photography Collection (Texas State University- San Marcos)
 Kiyosato Museum of Photographic Arts (Japan)
 National Institute of Fine Arts (Mexico, D.F)
 Guangdong Museum of Art (Guangzhou, China)
 Museum of Modern Art, INBA (Mexico City)
 J. Paul Getty Museum (Los Angeles, CA)
 Santa Barbara Museum of Art (Santa Barbara, CA)
 El Barrio Museum (New York, NY)
 Museum of Contemporary Photography (Chicago, IL)

Books
Black and White Photography:
 Los Velos Transparentes, Las Transparencias Velada

masks: Andrade Andrade


texts:
 (1988)
In this book, Andrade tried to capture the history taken of the streets of Mexico. These black and white photographs call on the culture that is found when roaming through the streets of Mexico City. The title means "transparent veils/ veiled transparencies" where some of the images captured are of religious statues that are covered up. She depicts this distinction with the people of Mexico of whose identity has been covered up and blended to meet up with societal standards. Pasión Mexicana = Mexican Passion (2002)
This book contains various images of Mexican life, culture, and traditions. It is one of the books that took her the longest to complete because it was a personal project of hers to capture the unique culture shown today. Melodrama Barroco(2007)

Color Photography:
 Fragmentos (2009)
 Parallel Visions (2009)
 Through the Glass (2009)
 A Mexican in Paris (2012)
This collection is exactly what its title is.Andrade photographed various people in the streets of Paris. This was to draw comparison that no matter where we are in the world, we are still the same people going through the same things. Las Vegas: Artificio y neón (2013)
This work captures the fireworks and neon lights that the city has to offer. She had no interest in mind to capture the casino life but rather focus on what this city had created for its visitors which was to offer and alternative world

Grants
Guggenheim Fellowship (1994), received for her photography project of Mexico City. Cultural Projects and Co-Investments Program of the FONCA (2000), received for the co-publication of the book Mexican Passion
 National Endowment for Culture and the Arts (1993,1997,2000, 2003)

References

1950 births
People from Villahermosa
Mexican women photographers
Living people
Visual Studies Workshop alumni
Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education faculty
Street photographers
Fine art photographers
Artists


texts:
<mask> (born November 10, 1982) is a former American football wide receiver. <mask> played college football for the University of Florida, and thereafter, he has played professionally for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL) and the Jacksonville Sharks of the Arena Football League (AFL). As a member of the Steelers, he won Super Bowl XLIII against the Arizona Cardinals. He is currently the wide receivers coach at Baylor University. Early years

<mask> was born in New Smyrna Beach, Florida, and attended New Smyrna Beach High School, where he was a star wide receiver for the New Smyrna Beach Barracudas high school football team. In 2001, he set the single season Barracudas' record with seventeen touchdowns, 67 catches and 1,142 yards  He attended Northfield Mount Hermon School for a Post Graduate year. Dallas led NMH to the New England championship in football and was a standout player on NMH's basketball team.<mask> graduated from NMH in 2002. College career

<mask> accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, and played for coach Ron Zook and coach Urban Meyer's Florida Gators football teams from 2003 to 2006. He originally signed to play for the Gators in February 2001 as a member of what would become coach Steve Spurrier's final recruiting class at Florida, but due to NCAA academic eligibility issues, <mask> instead enrolled at Northfield Mount Hermon School, an elite preparatory school in Massachusetts, for one year. While at Mt. Hermon, <mask> led his team to the New England Championship game. After Spurrier left Florida for the NFL and Zook was hired to replace him, <mask> stuck with Florida and enrolled as a partial-qualifier in 2002. Urban Meyer's hiring at Florida three seasons later marked a turning point in <mask>'s career at Florida.In 2005, he made fifty-six receptions, doubling his total from the previous season. Afterward, <mask>'s college grades were good enough to earn

masks:
Dallas Leon Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker


texts:
 back the year of eligibility lost to the partial qualification. As a senior team captain in 2006, <mask> delivered career highs for receptions (60), receiving yards (920), and receiving touchdowns (10), and was a first-team All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) selection. <mask>'s 25-yard touchdown catch provided the winning margin in the Gators' 21–14 victory over the rival Florida State Seminoles. The following week, the Gators defeated Arkansas to win the SEC Championship Game for the first time in six years. The Gators would go on to rout the heavily favored Ohio State Buckeyes and capture their second national championship, with <mask> catching a touchdown pass for the Gators first score in their 41–14 victory in the 2007 BCS National Championship Game. Throughout his college career, the college football analysts on ESPN called him "<mask>, Touchdown Maker," hearkening back to his nickname from his New Smyrna Beach High School days.He graduated from the University of Florida in December 2006 with a bachelor's degree in health and human performance. Professional career

Pittsburgh Steelers
The Pittsburgh Steelers chose <mask> in the seventh round (227th pick overall) of the 2007 NFL Draft, and he played for the Steelers from  to . He was cut by the Steelers on September 1, 2007, but quickly re-joined the organization as a member of the practice squad on September 2. <mask> made the Steelers' 53-man roster out of training camp in 2008. He played in eight games, recording one catch for six yards, before being waived on November 15 to make room for cornerback Roy Lewis; the Steelers' re-signed <mask> to their practice squad on November 19. <mask> signed a future contract with the Steelers in February 2009. He was released in final cuts on September 5, 2009.Jacksonville Sharks
<mask> joined the Jacksonville Sharks of the Arena Football League in the early part of the 2010 season, making his AFL debut in the third game of the season against the Orlando Predators.

masks:
Baker
Baker
Baker
Dallas Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker


texts:
 CFL
<mask> signed with the Montreal Alouettes of the CFL on April 5, 2011. On August 8, 2011, he was traded to the Saskatchewan Roughriders for Luc Mullinder. Coaching
<mask> was the Wide Receivers Coach at Warner University, a Christian college in Lake Wales, Florida. On March 10, 2017, <mask> accepted the position of Wide Receivers Coach at Marshall University in Huntington, WV. On May 15, 2021 Buffalo head coach Maurice Linguist hired <mask> as Wide Receiver's Coach. In January 2022, <mask> was hired as the wide receivers coach by Dave Aranda at Baylor.Football family

<mask> is the nephew of Wes Chandler, who is a former All-American Gator wide receiver, NFL standout and professional football coach. <mask>'s younger brother <mask> is a professional rugby sevens player and represented the USA in the 2016 Olympics. See also
 2006 Florida Gators football team
 List of Pittsburgh Steelers players
 List of Florida Gators in the NFL Draft
 List of University of Florida alumni

References

Bibliography

 Carlson, Norm, University of Florida Football Vault: The History of the Florida Gators, Whitman Publishing, LLC, Atlanta, Georgia (2007).  . External links
  Saskatchewan Roughriders profile

1982 births
Living people
African-American coaches of American football
African-American players of American football
African-American players of Canadian football
American football wide receivers
Buffalo Bulls football coaches
Canadian football wide receivers
Coaches of American football from Florida
Florida Gators football players
Jacksonville Sharks players
Marshall Thundering Herd football coaches
Montreal Alouettes players
Northfield Mount Hermon School alumni
People from New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Players of American football from Florida
San Antonio Talons players
Saskatchewan Roughriders players
Sportspeople from Volusia County, Florida
Warner Royals football coaches
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American

masks:
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker
Perry Baker


texts:
<mask> (1962–2012) was an Eritrean-American artist who made colorful paintings in a series of styles including representational, abstract, and a surreal combination of the two. His paintings show influences of European and American art as well as the culture and scenery of his native country. Many are small works; others as much as mural-sized. One critic saw his work as "dynamic, complicated and textually rich." The critic added that the paintings, "form at the nexus of culture, history and memory, sprawling across the canvas, and flowing out into this and other worlds." <mask> showed infrequently in commercial galleries and his work achieved widespread recognition only after its appearance in posthumous exhibitions. Early life and training

<mask> was born on March 21, 1962, in Asmara, Eritrea.While still in his teens he joined the struggle for Eritrean independence. However, in 1978, at the urging of his family, he agreed to stop fighting and leave the country. For the next three years he moved among various Eritrean communities in Sudan, Italy, and Germany and then, in 1981, came to New York City where one of his sisters lived. He enrolled in Southern Connecticut State University and obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in 2000. He also studied at the Art Students League in New York and attended Robert Blackburn's printmaking workshop. He won admittance to the Yale School of Art in 2000 and received a Master of Fine Arts degree two years later. On graduating he received the Carol Schlosberg Prize for Excellence in Painting.Career in art

<mask> rarely signed, dated, or gave his works titles and he did not energetically seek to exhibit them in commercial galleries. He worked in New York before joining two of his brothers in 1992 as co-owners of a restaurant in New Haven, Connecticut. He later said that he made his first paintings on the kitchen table of a tiny apartment in Manhattan. In 1991 he participated in a group show at the Cinque

masks:
Ficre Ghebreyesus
Ghebreyesus
Ghebreyesus
Ghebreyesus


texts: Gallery, a New York gallery that specialized in works by African-American artists, and later that year he received a Red Tag award in a group exhibition held at the Art Students League. After the restaurant was opened in 1992, he displayed his paintings on its walls. That year he also showed paintings in the Ikenga Gallery, a New Haven gallery specializing in African arts, and received a talent scholarship for a year's study at the Art Students League. In the latter half of the 1990s, <mask> took a studio in the Erector Square building located in the Fair Haven section of New Haven.In 1995 he was given solo exhibitions at a nonprofit contemporary art gallery in New Haven called Artspace and in the offices of a book publisher in Lawrence Township, New Jersey, called Red Sea Press. While studying at Yale, Ghebreyesus showed in the school's first-year painting exhibition and its final-year thesis show and a few years after graduating he contributed paintings to a city-wide group exhibition held at various New Haven galleries. A year after his death a Yale graduate student, Key Jo Lee, prepared a retrospective exhibition of his works. Called "Ficre Ghebreyesus: Polychromasia" and held at Artspace, it displayed the range and depth of his art. A reviewer said the show was "bursting at the seams with chromatic energy, kinetic form, and optical intensity" and added, "His paintings, pastels, and photographs bear witness to multitudinous sites of inspiration." The Museum of the African Diaspora in San Francisco held another retrospective exhibition in 2018. It featured an enormous painting, "City with a River Running Through," which a reviewer called "a cartographical tour-de-force, depicting, from multiple perspectives, a cityscape made up of an abstract patchwork of colors, patterns, and shapes."The paintings shown ranged from pure abstracts to figurative works, some showing surreal juxtapositions and hinting at what the reviewer called "dreamlike


texts:
 fables." Two years later Galerie Lelong mounted the first solo exhibition of Ghebreyesus's works in New York City. Called "Ficre Ghebreyesus: Gate to the Blue," it featured mural-sized paintings along with many smaller works. A New York Times critic said many of the pieces in the show were "semiabstract, opaquely autobiographical" and had a "dreamlike cast." Writing in Hyperallergic, a critic saw in them "oceanic migration narratives" and "references to the 19th-century Amistad ship captives" as well as fishing and other maritime activities. This critic also noted paintings that recalled patterned textiles, musical instruments, and religious motifs and added that the works instilled a "sense of quietude" and provided a "glimpse into the intimate worldview of an artist dedicated to representing the abundance of his surroundings." A New Yorker magazine critic said the paintings "give order to the chaos of displacement, and communicate what it feels like to live in both natural and man-made worlds, in which bodies of water, airplanes, and lone brown figures coexist in a kind of dreamscape."Artistic style

<mask> was an eclectic artist whose paintings showed varied influences. He worked mostly in acrylic on canvas, but used oil on canvas early in his career. Critics saw the early work as more somber than his later work and date the change from his marriage to Elizabeth Alexander in 1997. His early paintings are often thickly painted nighttime scenes with a single source of illumination. "Boat at Night," shown at left, is an example of his style at this stage in his career. Another early work, Dream Poem I, shown at right, shows his use of muted colors in an abstract design. Critics have seen a biographic tendency in <mask>'s paintings.However Julie Mehretu, an Ethiopian-born American artist, saw the later works as "experiential paintings" or "explorations in paint." She wrote that he "created an autonomous universe through the flattened picture

masks: Ghebreyesus Ghebreyesus


texts: planes, in which figures, fish, trees and geometric patterns jostle against one another in freewheeling abandon." Saying he "he untethered himself." This attitude contrasts with the critic who believed Ghebreyesus drew upon his "multifaceted identity, bringing the sum of his life as an artist, activist, refugee" to his work," and other critics who saw "migration narratives" in his work, as well as a focus on loss and revolution, or a grounding in "chaos and displacement." One critic cited influences from the "land, cultures and social realities of the Horn of Africa," as well as sources in European and abstract American art. Another said, "Operating fluidly between abstraction and figuration, <mask>' matte acrylic and oil paintings suggest the non-linear form of dreams, memories, and storytelling." Another concluded simply, "Mr. Ghebreyesus absorbed everything he was exposed to," from modernist abstraction to classical European sources, to African motifs.A large painting of about 2002 called "Zememesh Berhe's Magic Garden" (shown at left) combines African motifs in brightly colored realist and abstract design elements. A critic said this work invokes "specific locations that Ghebreyesus renders abstract with precisely mapped shapes and colors." Early in his career he described himself as a "conscious syncretizer", saying he created art as a means of exorcising the pain of his exile from his war-torn homeland and of reclaiming his "sense of place," his "moral compass," and his "love for life." In 2013, a critic wrote: "Ghebreyesus achieves syncretic brilliance. Framed by Eritrean crafts, textiles and architecture; the polyglot influence of world literature and philosophies; BeBop, modern jazz and polyrhythms of the African diaspora; as well as the masterworks of paintings populating the museums Ghebreyesus frequented, [his paintings] offer a survey of the myriad styles, mediums and scales that he worked in over his career." A late painting,


texts:
 "Angel Musician II" (shown at right) suggests the many sources of influence in his work. Personal life and family

<mask> was born in Asmara, Eritrea, on March 21, 1962.His parents were Gebreyesus Tessema and Zememesh Berhe. He was the sixth of seven children. Gebreyesus Tessema, a judge, was banished from the capitol for resisting government decision-tampering. In his absence, Zememesh Berhe, a Coptic Christian, was the major caregiver during Ghebreyesus's childhood. Educated in the city's Catholic schools, he received "mangia libro" ("book-eater") as a nickname and later made a self-portrait with that title. The 30-year Eritrean War of Independence continued throughout his childhood. At the age of sixteen his mother convinced him to abandon his efforts to fight in a resistance group and, instead, to seek a better life abroad.In 1978 he began three years of travel in Sudan, Italy, and Germany and in 1981 came to New York City where one of his sisters was then living. There, while earning his living in restaurant kitchens, he became a humanitarian activist in support of Eritrean independence. In 1992, two of his brothers, Gideon and Sahle, convinced him to join with them in opening an Eritrean restaurant in New Haven. He served as co-owner and chief chef of the restaurant, called Caffé Adulis, until it closed in 2008. He devoted the remaining four years of his life to painting. He met Elizabeth Alexander in 1996. The two formed an immediate bond.They married and subsequently became parents of two sons, Solomon and Simon. He died of massive heart failure, age 50, April 4, 2012. His wife said his name was pronounced FEE-kray Geb-reh-YESS-oos. Notes

References

1962 births
2012 deaths
20th-century American painters
21st-century American painters
20th-century male artists
21st-century male artists
People from Asmara
Eritrean emigrants to the United States
Southern Connecticut State University alumni
Art Students League of New York alumni
Yale


texts:
<mask>, also known as Marguerite Kanenstenhawi Arosen, (17 September 1696 – 26 November 1785) was an English colonist taken captive by French and Mohawk warriors from Deerfield, Massachusetts in 1704. Taken to Canada with more than 100 other captives, the seven-year-old girl was adopted by a recently converted Mohawk family at Kahnawake and was fully assimilated into Mohawk society. Baptized as a Catholic under the name "Marguerite" and renamed A'ongonte meaning "she has been planted as a person," she eventually married a Mohawk man, François-Xavier Arosen, had several children, and remained with the Mohawk for the rest of her life. While choosing not to return to her natal family, she, along with her children, repeatedly made the trek to Deerfield to visit with her Puritan siblings over the course of her life. Her father, Rev. <mask> and her brother Samuel made numerous efforts to ransom her to no avail. Moreover, they failed to persuade her to return to Massachusetts and the bosom of her birth family.Hers was one of the more famous Indian captivity stories. Early life and education

<mask> <mask> was born on 17 September 1696, the daughter of the Puritan minister <mask> and his wife <mask> Mather <mask>. On 29 February 1704, the <mask>' home was attacked during a raid on the settlement led by French and allied Abenaki and Mohawk fighters. Later called the Deerfield Massacre, the event was part of a series of raids and conflicts between the French and English, and their Indian allies, during Queen Anne's War in the early 18th century. The Indians killed

masks:
Eunice Williams
John Williams
Eunice
Williams
John Williams
Eunice
Williams
Williams


texts:
 numerous settlers in their houses, including <mask>'s six-week-old sister Jerusha and younger brother <mask>, Jr. They took captive more than 100 settlers, including 7-year-old Eunice, her parents, and four of her siblings. The captives were taken on a strenuous march northward.The next day, a Mohawk warrior killed her mother after she fell while crossing the icy waters of the Green River. Others of the youngest and oldest captives were killed if they could not keep up with the large party. <mask> and the surviving members of her family reached Fort Chambly in Quebec six weeks later; from there she was taken to Kahnawake, a settlement of Catholic Mohawks south of Montreal across the St. Lawrence River. She was adopted by a woman who had recently lost her own daughter in a smallpox epidemic. <mask> was given the symbolic name Waongote, meaning "one who is planted like an Ashe", and was instructed in the Mohawk language and customs, and catechized in the Roman Catholic religion. When she converted to Catholicism, she was baptized Marguerite. When the survivors of Deerfield learned that their captured relatives and neighbors were being held in Quebec, they began negotiations through various intermediaries to ransom them.During these years, Rev. <mask> was allowed to meet with <mask> on two occasions; both times he responded to her requests for guidance by telling her to frequently recite the Puritan Catechism. Later life
When the senior <mask>' ransom and freedom were arranged about three years later, he thought to have Eunice reunited with him. The French told

masks:
Eunice
John Williams
Eunice
Eunice
Williams
Eunice
Williams


texts:
 an intermediary that this was impossible because the Mohawk with whom she was forced to live with/adopted by "would as soon part with their hearts as the child," as she was the replacement for their child who had recently passed away. The French government would not generally interfere when the Mohawk adopted captives, even if they were European. He was able to retrieve his other children, who returned to live in Massachusetts. <mask> became fully assimilated into the tribe, at age 16 marrying a young Mohawk man, François-Xavier Arosen, age 25.They had three children together. Nonetheless, Rev<mask>, succeeded by his son Stephen, continued through the years to try to ransom and later persuade <mask> to rejoin her New England family. <mask>, called Kanenstenhawi as her adult Mohawk name, finally returned to New England in 1741, by which time her father had died. Her brother Stephen had kept in touch with her. When <mask> and her husband went to Massachusetts, it was with a guide and interpreter, as they spoke only Mohawk and French. She made two more visits to her <mask> family, bringing her children with her and one year staying for an extended period through the winter.Timeline

Source notes

Content notes

References

Printed matter

Demos, John Putnam.. The Unredeemed Captive: A Family Story from Early America. New York : Alfred Knopf: distributed by Random House, Inc., 1994. Haefeli, Evan and Kevin Sweeney. "Revisiting the Redeemed Captive: New Perspectives on the 1704 Attack on Deerfield," in After King Philip's War, Presence and Persistence in Indian

masks:
Eunice
. Williams
Eunice
Eunice
Eunice
Williams


texts:
 New England. Colin G. Calloway, editor. Hanover: University Press of New England, 1997, pp.28–71. (pbk. : alk. paper)
Jennings, Francis. The Invasion of America: Indians, colonialism, and the cant of conquest . New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1976. Lepore, Jill.The Name of War: King Philip's War and the origins of American identity. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998. (hc)
Melvoin, Richard I., New England Outpost, War and Society in Colonial Deerfield. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1989. Sheldon, George. A History of Deerfield Massachusetts: The Times when and the People by whom it was Settled, Unsettled, and Resettled, with a Special Study of the Indian Wars in the Connecticut Valley. With Genealogies, Deerfield, MA 1895 (two volumes)
Williams, John, edited by Edward W. Clark.The Redeemed Captive. Amherst, Massachusetts: The University of Massachusetts Press, 1976. (Note: <mask> first published this book in 1707.) Websites

 (First printed by S. Kneeland and T. Green, ca. 1741)

External links

 A Historic and Present Day Guide to Old Deerfield  (downloadable as PDF)
 Historic Deerfield
 Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association
 The Captivation of <mask> <mask> (opera)
 <mask> <mask>' husband Arosen was one of the Mohawk negotiators of the "Treaty of Kahnawake"
 "Eunice Williams", Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
 "The Deerfield Raid", Canadian Encyclopedia Online

1696 births
1785 deaths
People from Deerfield, Massachusetts
Colonial American women
People of colonial Massachusetts
Mohawk tribe
Captives of Native Americans
Captives of Native

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texts:
<mask>, known as <mask> (20 September 1902 – 7 March 1971), was an English poet and novelist. She won the Cholmondeley Award and was awarded the Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry. A play, <mask> by Hugh Whitemore, based on her life, was adapted into a film starring Glenda Jackson. Life
<mask>, born <mask> in Kingston upon Hull, was the second daughter of Ethel and <mask>. She was called "Peggy" within her family, but acquired the name "<mask>" as a young woman when she was riding in the park with a friend who said that she reminded him of the jockey Steve Donoghue. Her father was a shipping agent, a business that he had inherited from his father. As the company and his marriage began to fall apart, he ran away to sea and <mask> saw very little of him after that.He appeared occasionally on 24-hour shore leave and sent very brief postcards ("Off to Valparaiso, Love Daddy"). When <mask> was three years old, she moved with her mother and sister to Palmers Green in North London where she would live until her death in 1971. She resented the fact that her father had abandoned his family. Later, when her mother became ill, her aunt Madge Spear (whom <mask> called "The Lion Aunt") came to live with them, raised <mask> and her elder sister Molly and became the most important person in <mask>'s life. Spear was a feminist who claimed to have "no patience" with men and, as <mask> wrote, "she also had 'no patience' with Hitler". <mask> and Molly, raised in a family of women, became attached to their own independence, in contrast to what <mask> described as the typical Victorian family atmosphere of "father knows best". When <mask> was five, she

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Florence Margaret Smith
Stevie Smith
Stevie
Stevie Smith
Florence Margaret Smith
Charles Smith
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 developed tuberculous peritonitis and was sent to a sanatorium near Broadstairs, Kent, where she remained for three years.She related that her preoccupation with death began when she was seven, at a time when she was very distressed at being sent away from her mother. Death and fear fascinated her and provide the subjects of many of her poems. Her mother died when <mask> was 16. When suffering from the depression to which she was subject all her life, <mask> was so consoled by the thought of death as a release that, as she put it, she did not have to commit suicide. She wrote in several poems that death was "the only god who must come when he is called". <mask> suffered throughout her life from an acute nervousness, described as a mix of shyness and intense sensitivity. In the poem "A House of Mercy", she wrote of her childhood house in North London:
It was a house of female habitation,
Two ladies fair inhabited the house,
And they were brave.For although Fear knocked loud

Upon the door, and said he must come in,
They did not let him in. <mask> was educated at Palmers Green High School and North London Collegiate School for Girls. She spent the remainder of her life with her aunt, and worked as private secretary to Sir Neville Pearson at Newnes Publishing Company in London from 1923 to 1953. Despite her secluded life, she corresponded and socialised widely with other writers and creative artists, including Elisabeth Lutyens, Sally Chilver, Inez Holden, Naomi Mitchison, Isobel English and Anna Kallin. After she retired from Sir Neville Pearson's service following a nervous breakdown she gave poetry readings and broadcasts on

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texts: the BBC that gained her new friends and readers among a younger generation. Sylvia Plath became a fan of her poetry and sent <mask> a letter in 1962, describing herself as "a desperate Smith-addict." Plath expressed interest in meeting in person but took her own life soon after sending the letter.<mask> was described by her friends as being naive and selfish in some ways and formidably intelligent in others, having been raised by her aunt as both a spoiled child and a resolutely autonomous woman. Likewise, her political views vacillated between her aunt's Toryism and her friends' left-wing tendencies. <mask> was celibate for most of her life, although she rejected the idea that she was lonely as a result, alleging that she had a number of intimate relationships with friends and family that kept her fulfilled. She never entirely abandoned or accepted the High Church Anglican faith of her childhood, describing herself as a "lapsed atheist", and wrote sensitively about theological puzzles;"There is a God in whom I do not believe/Yet to this God my love stretches." Her 14-page essay of 1958, "The Necessity of Not Believing", concludes: "There is no reason to be sad, as some people are sad when they feel religion slipping off from them. There is no reason to be sad, it is a good thing." The essay was unveiled at a meeting of the Cambridge Humanist Society.<mask> died of a brain tumour on 7 March 1971. Her last collection, Scorpion and other Poems was published posthumously in 1972, and the Collected Poems followed in 1975. Three novels were republished and there was a successful play based on her life, <mask>, written by Hugh

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texts:
 Whitemore. It was filmed in 1978 by Robert Enders and starred Glenda Jackson and Mona Washbourne. Fiction
<mask> wrote three novels, the first of which, Novel on Yellow Paper, was published in 1936. Apart from death, common subjects in her writing include loneliness; myth and legend; absurd vignettes, usually drawn from middle-class British life; war; human cruelty; and religion. All her novels are lightly fictionalised accounts of her own life, which got her into trouble at times as people recognised themselves.<mask> said that two of the male characters in her last book are different aspects of George Orwell, who was close to <mask>. There were rumours that they were lovers; he was married to his first wife at the time. Novel on Yellow Paper (Cape, 1936)
<mask>'s first novel is structured as the random typings of a bored secretary, Pompey. She plays word games, retells stories from classical and popular culture, remembers events from her childhood, gossips about her friends and describes her family, particularly her beloved Aunt. As with all <mask>'s novels, there is an early scene where the heroine expresses feelings and beliefs which she will later feel significant, although ambiguous, regret for. In Novel on Yellow Paper that belief is anti-Semitism, where she feels elation at being the "only Goy" at a Jewish party. This apparently throwaway scene acts as a timebomb, which detonates at the centre of the novel when Pompey visits Germany as the Nazis are gaining power.With horror, she acknowledges the continuity between her feeling "Hurray for being a Goy" at the party and the madness that is overtaking Germany. The German

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 scenes stand out in the novel, but perhaps equally powerful is her dissection of failed love. She describes two unsuccessful relationships, first with the German Karl and then with the suburban Freddy. The final section of the novel describes with unusual clarity the intense pain of her break-up with Freddy. Over the Frontier (Cape, 1938)
<mask> herself dismissed her second novel as a failed experiment, but its attempt to parody popular genre fiction to explore profound political issues now seems to anticipate post-modern fiction. If anti-Semitism was one of the key themes of Novel on Yellow Paper, Over the Frontier is concerned with militarism. In particular, she asks how the necessity of fighting Fascism can be achieved without descending into the nationalism and dehumanisation that fascism represents.After a failed romance the heroine, Pompey, suffers a breakdown and is sent to Germany to recuperate. At this point the novel changes style radically, as Pompey becomes part of an adventure/spy yarn in the style of John Buchan or Dornford Yates. As the novel becomes increasingly dreamlike, Pompey crosses over the frontier to become a spy and soldier. If her initial motives are idealistic, she becomes seduced by the intrigue and, ultimately, violence. The vision <mask> offers is a bleak one: "Power and cruelty are the strengths of our lives, and only in their weakness is there love." The Holiday (Chapman and Hall, 1949)
<mask>'s final novel was her own favourite, and is her most fully realised. It is concerned with personal and political malaise in the immediate post-war period.Most of the characters are employed in the army or

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 the civil service in post-war reconstruction, and its heroine, Celia, works for the Ministry as a cryptographer and propagandist. The Holiday describes a series of hopeless relationships. Celia and her cousin Caz are in love, but cannot pursue their affair since it is believed that, because of their parents' adultery, they are half-brother and half-sister. Celia's other cousin Tom is in love with her, Basil is love with Tom, Tom is estranged from his father, Celia's beloved Uncle Heber, who pines for a reconciliation;  and Celia's best friend Tiny longs for the married Vera. These unhappy, futureless but intractable relationships are mirrored by the novel's political concerns. The unsustainability of the British Empire and the uncertainty over Britain's post-war role are constant themes, and many of the characters discuss their personal and political concerns as if they were seamlessly linked. Caz is on leave from Palestine and is deeply disillusioned, Tom goes mad during the war, and it is telling that the family scandal that blights Celia and Caz's lives took place in India.Just as Pompey's anti-Semitism is tested in Novel on Yellow Paper, so Celia's traditional nationalism and sentimental support for colonialism are challenged throughout The Holiday. Poetry
<mask>'s first volume of poetry, the self-illustrated A Good Time Was Had By All, was published in 1937 and established her as a poet. Soon her poems were found in periodicals. Her style was often very dark; her characters were perpetually saying "goodbye" to their friends or welcoming death. At the same time her work has an eerie levity and can be very funny though it is


texts: neither light nor whimsical. "<mask> often uses the word 'peculiar' and it is the best word to describe her effects" (Hermione Lee). She was never sentimental, undercutting any pathetic effects with the ruthless honesty of her humour."A good time was had by all" itself became a catch phrase, still occasionally used to this day. <mask> said she got the phrase from parish magazines, where descriptions of church picnics often included this phrase. This saying has become so familiar that it is recognised even by those who are unaware of its origin. Variations appear in pop culture, including "Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!" by the Beatles. Though her poems were remarkably consistent in tone and quality throughout her life, their subject matter changed over time, with less of the outrageous wit of her youth and more reflection on suffering, faith and the end of life.Her best-known poem is "Not Waving but Drowning". She was awarded the Cholmondeley Award for Poets in 1966 and won the Queen's Gold Medal for poetry in 1969. She published nine volumes of poems in her lifetime (three more were released posthumously). As an occasional work, <mask> wrote the text of the coffee-table book Cats in Colour (1959), for which she wrote a humorous series of captions to photographs imagining the inner lives of cats. <mask>'s poems have been the focus of writers and critics around the world. James Antoniou writes in The Australian that her 'apparent innocence masks such fierce complexities, such ambition and startling originality, that many people baulk at her work', while Michael Dirda affirms in The Washington Post that, 'certainly, an

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Stevie Smith
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 outward charm is part of <mask>'s aesthetic strategy, though there’s nothing naive or whimsical beneath her surface.' Carol Rumens writes in The Guardian that <mask> 'skewered formality, though formally deft, and challenged, with a Victorian school marm's brisk tartness, the lingering shades of late-Victorian social hypocrisy.'Works

Novels
Novel on Yellow Paper (Cape, 1936)
Over the Frontier (Cape 1938)
The Holiday (Chapman and Hall, 1949)

Poetry collections
 A Good Time Was Had By All (Cape, 1937)
 Tender Only to One (Cape, 1938)
 Mother, What Is Man? (Cape, 1942)
 Alone in the Woods (Cape, 1947)
 Harold's Leap (Cape, 1950)
 Not Waving but Drowning (Deutsch, 1957)
 Selected Poems (Longmans, 1962) includes 17 previously unpublished poems
 The Frog Prince  (Longmans, 1966) includes 69 previously unpublished poems
 The Best Beast (Longmans, 1969)
 Two in One (Longmans, 1971) reprint of Selected Poems and The Frog Prince
 Scorpion and Other Poems (Longmans, 1972)
 Collected Poems (Allen Lane, 1975)
 Selected Poems (Penguin, 1978)
 New Selected Poems of <mask> (New Directions, 1988)
  Come on Come Back 1972
 The Collected Poems and Drawings of <mask> (Faber and Faber, 2015)

Other
 Some Are More Human Than Others: A Sketch-Book (Gaberbocchus Press, 1958)
 Cats in Colour (Batsford, 1959)
 Me Again: Uncollected Writings of <mask> (Virago, 1984)
  "The Necessity of Not Believing" (Gemini No. 5, Spring 1958, Vol. 2, No. 1)

References

Further reading
<mask> and Authorship By William May Oxford University Press
<mask>'s Resistant Antics by Laura Severin, Univ of Wisconsin Press 1997

External links

Profiles

<mask> Profile, poems

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 and audio files at the Poetry Archive. Retrieved 12 December 2010
<mask> profile at Academy of American Poets. Retrieved 12 December 2010
<mask> profile at Poetry Foundation.Poems and bibliography. Retrieved 12 December 2010

Archive
<mask> papers. Archive at University of Tulsa McFarlin Library's in special collections department. Retrieved 12 December 2010
Five autograph and typewritten poems by <mask> at the British Library. Retrieved 22 June 2020
The <mask> Papers at Washington University in St. Louis. Retrieved 12 December 2010

Works
<mask> reading "Not Waving But Drowning", BBC (includes poem text and poet's photo). Retrieved 12 December 2010
Author profile for <mask>, LibraryThing.Retrieved 12 December 2010
"Pretty" by <mask> from The Times, 13 May 2008. Retrieved 12 December 2010
, Retrieved 28 June 2011

1902 births
1971 deaths
Writers from Kingston upon Hull
Pseudonymous women writers
Deaths from brain tumor
Deaths from cancer in England
English atheists
English humanists
English women poets
English women novelists
People educated at North London Collegiate School
People educated at Palmers Green High School
20th-century English poets
20th-century English women writers
20th-century English novelists
20th-century pseudonymous

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texts:
<mask> (July 17, 1892 – August 16, 1972), frequently known as A. D<mask>, was an American soldier, Virginia lawyer, state senator, state court judge, and a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia. Early family life and education

Born at "Giant Poplars" in Houston, Virginia (now Halifax) to the former Hallie Bailey Craddock, and her husband, William D<mask>. His paternal grandfather, <mask> (1812-1887), had represented Halifax County in the Virginia House of Delegates during the final years of the Civil War (1863-5), after purchasing the Union Iron Works with partners Jonathan B. Stovall and <mask> in 1862. Though too young to enlist in the Confederate Army, as a militia cadet <mask> had fought at the Battle of Staunton River Bridge in 1864 before receiving his degrees and becoming a Virginia lawyer, circuit judge (initially perhaps the youngest at age 24, but elected to successive terms until his death in 1925), South Boston bank president and state senator (1897-1905)  <mask> 's mother died in 1900 but he had four elder brothers, one younger brother and four older sisters, and his father remarried. One brother become a surgeon in Lynchburg, another a Richmond Bank president and one of his sisters was supervisor of elementary education and Sunday school superintendent in Halifax County. Educated at the local public schools and the Cluster Springs Academy, <mask> received his college education in Lexington, Virginia, graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree from Virginia Military Institute in 1911 at the age of 18. He then earned a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Virginia School of Law, where he was president of his class, in 1915. <mask> practiced law in Lynchburg, Virginia, from 1915 to 1916 before leaving to enter military service.Military service

<mask> served in the United States Army from 1916 to 1922, with the Virginia-based 116th Infantry Regiment of the 29th Infantry Division in Europe during World War I. Rising to

masks:
Alfred Dickinson Barksdale
. Barksdale
. Barksdale Sr
Elisha Barksdale
John P Barksdale
William Barksdale
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 the rank of captain, <mask> received the Distinguished Service Cross, the Croix de guerre, and the Chevalier Legion of Honor. Distinguished Service Cross citation

"<mask><mask>, captain, 116th Infantry. For repeated acts of extraordinary heroism in action near Samogneux, France, October 8, 1918; near Molleville, France, October 12; and in the Bois de la Grand Montagne, France, October 15, 1918. Commanding a support company during the attack of October 8, Capt. <mask> discovered that his battalion had advanced ahead of the unit on the right flank, and was suffering heavy losses from machine gun fire. Without orders he attacked and captured the guns, taking many prisoners.On October 12 he worked for over an hour, exposed to a terrific bombardment, binding the wounds of his men. On October 15 he advanced alone in a thick wood and, with the aid of his pistol, put out of action a destructive machine gun which was pouring such a deadly fire his men could not raise their heads." University of Virginia presentation

At the centennial ceremonies for the University of Virginia, Captain <mask> on behalf of the alumni presented the University with a plaque listing the names of 80 graduates killed in World War I.

Virginia lawyer, state senator and judge

<mask> returned to private practice in Lynchburg from 1922 to 1938. He aligned with the Byrd Organization, and won election to the Senate of Virginia, representing the 12th Virginia senatorial district (then Lynchburg and Campbell County and still a part-time position) from 1924 to 1928. Following the Great Depression, the Virginia General Assembly elected <mask> as Judge of the Virginia Circuit Court for the Sixth Judicial Circuit, where his father had served for so many years, and he served from 1938 to 1940. Federal judicial service

<mask> received a recess appointment from President Franklin D. Roosevelt on December 19, 1939, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia vacated by Judge Armistead <mask>. He was

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Alfred D
. Barksdale
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texts:
 nominated to the same position by President Roosevelt on January 11, 1940.He was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 1, 1940, and received his commission on February 5, 1940. He assumed senior status on August 1, 1957. His service terminated on August 16, 1972, due to his death. Assigned a school desegregation case involving Pulaski County, which had no high school for black students, but three secondary schools for white students, as well as manifestly unequal elementary schools, <mask> insisted that no two schools are ever precisely equal, and that the arguments of Spottswood Robinson and Oliver Hill concerning desegregation would be the death knell for consolidated high schools (black students were bused up to sixty miles per day to attend a training academy in Christiansburg). The Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals soon reversed him in 1949, which stunned the Richmond News Leader, which printed an editorial by <mask> Freeman acknowledging that 44 Virginia counties and cities had no accredited black high school. Personal life

<mask> married Louisa Estill Winfree on December 15, 1934, and they had two daughters. Death and legacy

<mask> died on August 16, 1972 in Lynchburg, and is buried at its historic Spring Hill cemetery.His wartime papers from his World War I service are held by the VMI library, and those from his federal judicial service are held by the University of Virginia library. VMI established a scholarship in his name in 1974-1975. References

Sources

External links
 A Guide to the Alfred Dickinson Barksdale Papers

1892 births
1972 deaths
Virginia Military Institute alumni
University of Virginia School of Law alumni
Virginia lawyers
Judges of the United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia
United States district court judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt
20th-century American judges
Virginia state court judges
People from Halifax, Virginia
Virginia Democrats
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)
Virginia state

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texts:
Monsieur Gaston, Duke of Orléans (Gaston Jean Baptiste; 24 April 1608 – 2 February 1660), was the third son of King Henry IV of France and his wife Marie de' Medici. As a son of the king, he was born a Fils de France. He later acquired the title Duke of Orléans, by which he was generally known during his adulthood. As the eldest surviving brother of King Louis XIII, he was known at court by the traditional honorific Monsieur. Early life
Gaston Jean Baptiste was born at the Palace of Fontainebleau on 24 April 1608 and at birth was given the title of Duke of Anjou. As a child, he was raised under the supervision of the royal governess Françoise de Montglat. In 1626, at the time of his marriage to the young Marie de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier, he received in appanage (with their respective titles) the duchies of Orléans and Chartres, and the county of Blois.He had nominal command of the army which besieged La Rochelle in 1628, having already entered upon a course of political intrigue that would occupy the remainder of his life. He was the heir presumptive to the throne of France from the death of his brother Nicolas Henri in 1611 until the birth of his elder brother's first son in 1638. On two occasions, he had to leave France for conspiring against the government of his brother and his Prime Minister Cardinal Richelieu. After waging an unsuccessful war in Languedoc leading to the Battle of Castelnaudary in 1632, he took refuge in Flanders. Reconciled with his brother Louis XIII, he plotted against Richelieu in 1635, fled from the country again, and then submitted to the King and the Cardinal. Soon afterwards, the same process repeated itself. Orléans conspired with the marquis de Cinq-Mars to attempt Richelieu's assassination, and then deserted his unfortunate accomplice (1642).In


texts:
 1643, upon the death of Louis XIII, Gaston became Lieutenant-General of the Kingdom, and fought against Spain on the northern frontiers of France. He was created duc d'Alençon in 1646. During the wars of the Fronde (1648–1653), he demonstrated no particular loyalty to the crown and passed with great facility from one side to the other. Marriages
Gaston first married on 6 August 1626, at Nantes to Marie de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier, daughter and heiress of Henri de Bourbon, Duke of Montpensier. They had a daughter, Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier (29 May 1627 – 5 April 1693), called Mademoiselle de Montpensier, but later being best known as the Grande Mademoiselle. Marie de Bourbon died six days after giving birth (4 June 1627), leaving her daughter the last of the line of the Montpensier line of the House of Bourbon. While taking refuge from the wrath of Cardinal Richelieu in Lorraine, Gaston fell in love at first sight with Marguerite of Lorraine, the sister of Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine.But as France and Lorraine were then enemies, he was refused the king's permission to marry a sister of its duke. Nonetheless, Gaston fled again to Lorraine and, in a secret ceremony in the presence of her family at Nancy during the night of 2 – 3 January 1632, Gaston took the princess Marguerite as his wife. Because he had not obtained the prior permission of his elder brother, the king – one of his many acts of defiance – the couple could not appear at the French court and the marriage was kept secret. But in November of that year, Henri II, Duke of Montmorency, on his way to the scaffold, betrayed Gaston, his former co-conspirator, and Louis XIII and Richelieu learnt of the elopement. The king had his brother's marriage declared null and void by the Parlement of Paris


texts:
 in September 1634 and, despite the protest of Pope Urban VIII,<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=OILFAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA336 Campagnes de Charles IV, duc de Lorraine et de Bar, en Allemagne, en Lorraine et en Franche-Comté, 1634-1638, d'après des documents inédits, par F. des Robert, Paris, Nancy, 1883, p. 336. ]</ref> the Assembly of the French clergy held in September 1635 that a prince du sang could enter matrimony only with permission of the king – consistent with French sovereignty and custom.Although Marguerite and Gaston had re-celebrated their marriage before the Archbishop of Malines, a French emissary persuaded the Pope not to protest the matter publicly, and Gaston formally accepted the annulment of his marriage. It was not until Louis XIII was on his deathbed in May 1643 that he accepted his brother's plea for forgiveness and authorized his marriage to Marguerite, whereupon the couple undertook nuptials for the third time in July 1643 before the Archbishop of Paris at Meudon, and the Duke and Duchess of Orléans were finally received at court. By right of her marriage, Marguerite became known as Madame at court. After the death of his mother in 1642, Gaston was bequeathed the Luxembourg Palace, which became the couple's Parisian residence under the name Palais Orléans once they were restored to royal favour. They also sojourned at the Château de Blois, in the Loire Valley, where their first child was born in 1645. Marguerite and Gaston d'Orléans had five children, of whom three daughters survived into adulthood:
Marguerite Louise d'<mask> (28 July 1645 – 17 September 1721) married Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and had issue-but line died out. Élisabeth Marguerite d'<mask> (26 December 1646 – 17 March 1696) married Louis Joseph of Lorraine, Duke of Guise and

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 had issue-but line died out.Françoise Madeleine d'<mask> (13 October 1648 – 14 January 1664) married Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy but died childless. Jean Gaston d'<mask>, Duke of Valois (17 August 1650 – 10 August 1652) died in infancy. Marie Anne d'<mask> (9 November 1652 – 17 August 1656) died in infancy. Gaston had an illegitimate daughter by Marie Porcher:
Marie bâtarde d'Orléans (1 January 1631, Paris – ?). He also had an illegitimate son by Louise-Roger de La Marbelière:
Louis bâtard d'Orléans, chevalier de Charny, (13 January 1638, Joué les Tours – 1692, Spain), later General under the service of Spain. Later life

After the death of Gaston's brother Louis XIII in 1643, his nephew Philippe, brother of the new king Louis XIV, became the new Monsieur. To differentiate the older Monsieur from the younger, Gaston, the uncle, was called Le Grand Monsieur and Philippe, the nephew, was called Le Petit Monsieur.After the Fronde, Gaston was exiled by Cardinal Mazarin to Blois in 1652, and remained there until his death. All of his Orléans titles then went to his nephew, now the only Monsieur''. Ancestors

See also

 Charles de Lorme, personal medical doctor to Gaston
 List of works by James Pradier

References

Gaston Jean Baptiste de France Duc d'Orléans

Princes of France (Bourbon)
1608 births
1660 deaths
17th-century peers of France
People from Fontainebleau
House of Bourbon-Montpensier
Dukes of Valois
Dukes of Anjou
Dukes of Orléans
Dukes of Chartres
Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis
Counts of Blois
Heirs presumptive to the French throne
Louis XIII
301
French people of Italian descent
French people of Hungarian descent
French people of Austrian descent
Children of Henry IV of France
French exiles
People of the Fronde
Military personnel of the Franco-Spanish War

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<mask> (born 1963) is an American musician, producer, composer and multi-instrumentalist who currently lives in London, England. <mask> is best known for his extensive work on the Bully Original Soundtrack. He is currently working on upcoming album Janktone Productions, composed primarily of cheap and fun home-made instruments, currently there is no definitive release date. Career
<mask> was born to a mother of Lebanese and American Indian ancestry and a father of Irish American ancestry. <mask> has relocated twice in pursuit of his career. He moved to Los Angeles in 1988 where he worked with The Dust Brothers and Jeff Buckley. After being in various bands, performing on The Tonight Show, a publishing deal with EMI and touring on Lollapolooza, <mask> moved to London, England.There he signed a solo record deal with Talkin' Loud. This resulted in an album Discomfort which was only promo released in France 1996. In 2000, <mask> released Monkey Boy on Wall of Sound Records. The album included <mask>'s song "Happiness", which was later recorded by million selling British artist Will Young. 2004 saw the release the album Soul Visa, in Japan only, on Rush Production!. Soul Visa was later released in 2006 worldwide under the BBE label. The album Harmonium was released in 2005 in Japan, again under Rush Production!.As <mask>'s Ping Pong Orchestra, <mask> has released 11 albums on US label Ubiquity Records and 1 under his own label Silver Fox Records: Music And Rhythm, Moods And Grooves, Voices and Choices, Strings And Things, A Very Ping Pong Christmas: Funky Treats From Santa's bag, Hits The Hits, Miles Of Styles, Under the Sun, Hooked

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Shawn Lee
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