texts:
 of which would be the "Millennium." St. James: The Book of the 7 Dispensation
<mask> kept a 108-page loose-leaf notebook titled St James: The Book of the 7 Dispensation. Most of the text was written in an unknown script that remains undeciphered. The text is available online and has been the subject of research. <mask> altered the seventh dispensation so that he became not only the author of The Book of the 7 Dispensation but also a prophetic counselor of the Millennium. <mask> recorded "the Old and the New Covenant" and a second set of commandments, which <mask> believed God had given to him to pass along because man no longer followed the original Ten Commandments. Some of the text was accompanied by notes in English in <mask>'s handwriting.In the notebook, <mask> referred to himself as St<mask> with the title "Director, Special Projects for the State of Eternity" and ended each page with the word "Revelation." <mask> had also written texts, some of which refer to religious visions, on various pieces of paper and cardboard and on a few pages in each of seven other notebooks. Tacked to a bulletin board in a corner of the garage was the message "Where there is no vision, the people perish." <mask> also created wall plaques with Roman numerals one through ten and his undecipherable script suggesting commandment-bearing tablets. The largest plaque on the left side of the display contains the text "Nations Readjustment Plan" and is trimmed in gold foil. <mask> approached local churches about using his creation as a teaching tool but none were interested. Two reporters came to view the display but did not deem it worthy of news coverage.<mask> hoped to develop a storefront ministry but never achieved that goal. <mask> was somewhat reclusive. He had few close friends and spent most of his personal time working on his shrine. <mask> attended various churches in Washington but never joined a particular congregation because of his belief that

masks:
Hampton
Hampton
Hampton
Hampton
Hampton
Hampton
. James
Hampton
Hampton
Hampton
Hampton
Hampton
Hampton


type: original

texts:
 the proliferation of denominations contradicted the oneness of God. He expressed an interest in finding a "holy woman" to assist with his life's work but never married. It is unknown whether <mask> considered himself an artist. <mask>'s work is an example of outsider or naïve art – art made by people who are self-taught, who have not studied art techniques, art history or art theory.Death and discovery of the display
<mask> died of stomach cancer on November 4, 1964, at the Veteran's Hospital in Washington. He is interred at the Warren Chapel Baptist Church in Elloree, South Carolina. The art was not discovered until after <mask>'s death in 1964, when the owner of the garage, Meyer Wertlieb, came to find out why the rent had not been paid. He knew that <mask> had been building something in the garage. When he opened the door, he found a room filled with the artwork. <mask> had kept his project secret from most of his friends and family. His relatives first heard about it when his sister came to claim his body.When <mask>'s sister refused to take the artwork, the landlord placed an advertisement in local newspapers. Ed Kelly, a sculptor, answered the advertisement and was so astounded by the exhibit, he contacted art collector Alice Denney. Denney brought art dealers Leo Castelli and Ivan Karp, and artist Robert Rauschenberg, to see the exhibit in the garage. Harry Lowe, the assistant director of the Smithsonian Art Museum, told the Washington Post that walking into the garage "was like opening Tut's tomb." The story of <mask> and his artwork finally became public in the December 15, 1964 issue of the Washington Post. Lowe paid <mask>'s outstanding rent and took possession of the art display. In 1970, <mask>'s work was donated to the Smithsonian American Art Museum, where it has been on display ever since.In popular culture
Author and poet Denis Johnson published a book with the name The Throne of the Third Heaven of the Nations

masks: Hampton Hampton Hampton Hampton Hampton Hampton Hampton Hampton Hampton Hampton


texts:
 Millennium General Assembly: Poems Collected and New, which includes a poem named after <mask>'s work. In 2007, composer Jefferson Friedman premiered a musical piece inspired by <mask>'s artwork titled "The Throne of the Third Heaven," commissioned jointly by the National Symphony Orchestra and the ASCAP Foundation. The indie music group Le Loup named their 2007 debut album The Throne of the Third Heaven of the Nations' Millennium General Assembly. In 2015, author Shelley Pearsall published a young adult novel, The Seventh Most Important Thing, which put the artwork and the artist in a fictional context, imagining a meeting between <mask> and a troubled thirteen-year-old boy. The author says she was inspired by the fact that "for more than a decade, <mask> had labored alone, without fanfare, to create art for art's sake – a nearly impossible concept to grasp in today's world of rampant social-media sharing and instant celebrity." In 2018, Cheyenne/Arapaho author Tommy Orange published a short story, "The State," that references <mask> and The Throne of the Third Heaven of the Nations Millennium General Assembly. The story was an excerpted chapter from Orange’s 2018 novel There There.References

 "St. James the Janitor," Fortean Times #150, 2001

External links
<mask> - Smithsonian American Art Museum
The Throne of the Third Heaven of the Nations' Millennium General Assembly, exhibition label - Smithsonian American Art Museum

1909 births
1964 deaths
20th-century African-American artists
20th-century American artists
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
Artists from South Carolina
Artists from Washington, D.C.
Burials in South Carolina
Collection of the Smithsonian Institution
Deaths from stomach cancer
Deaths from cancer in Washington, D.C.
General Services Administration
Janitors
Outsider artists
People from Elloree, South Carolina
Undeciphered historical codes and ciphers
United States Army Air Forces

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Hampton
Hampton
Hampton
Hampton
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James Hampton


texts:
<mask> (born December 13, 1953 in Paris) is a contemporary artist of Gabonese origin. Biography
<mask> grew up in Libreville, Gabon, where she spent her formative years, and eventually moved to Europe to study Philosophy, Literature and Languages at the Institut Catholic de Paris in Madrid, Spain. Her artistic practice emerges from a 30+ year career engaging with consciousness through the notion of memory, both personal and collective, and exploring cross-cultural and trans-historical dialogues to interrogate the meaning of existence, as well as of her personal and shared history. <mask>’s current projects focus on the female condition, emancipation and the breaking of silence. Her work on this matter reflects upon the psychological concept of resilience by exploring the notion of healing, repair and transformation. <mask>'s creative force stems from her belief in the ability of art to transform consciousness. Her work sheds new light on difficult and relevant issues which prevent us from ignoring what takes place around us.<mask>'s concern for social issues has compelled her to campaign for relevant but uncomfortable and often ignored topics. She believes that modern art has a role to play in changing cultural norms. In 2009, <mask> represented the Republic of Gabon at the 53rd Venice Biennale with a solo show entitled The Lighthouse of Memory - Go Nogé Mènè, curated by Fernando Francès, being the very first artist from Central Africa to exhibit solo in a National Pavilion. Through the use of archives and found documents, her proposal traced the past to shape the future, honouring the title

masks: Owanto Owanto Owanto Owanto Owanto Owanto


texts:
 Go Nogé Mènè which means Building the Future in her mother tongue. <mask> states that, "Gabon was looking for new directions, as was the rest of the world - new systems, new models of society, new ways of seeing.” Central to her artistic proposal was the question “Où Allons Nous?” (Where Are We Going?) - A poetic, omnipresent, important, fundamental and universal probe. Work
<mask> has used pop, conceptual and minimal art in her creation of universal symbols, which remind spectators of where the solutions to our world may lie, and how a society lacking moral strength may begin to heal.Using her sculptures as starting points, Owanto has created a series of icons which she presents in highly technical formats such as light-boxes and traffic signs - media previously explored by Maurizio Cattelan, Rogelio López Cuenca, Gabriel Acuña and Michael Pinsky. “Owantoʼs discourse focuses on images of a family group and a child playing, which suggest a happier world to come. The pieces have a double intention: to alert us to solutions to our global predicament, and to suggest a change in governing attitudes and rules. The light-boxes, like torches and lighthouses, illuminate a future characterised by tolerance, unity and hope." Flowers Series
The ‘Flowers Project’ is one that Owanto started 6 years ago, after discovering some old photographs in a forgotten drawer. Highlighted in this project are the fundamental questions concerning the future of women and girls and their rights to have a say over their own bodies – regarding particularly the practice of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C). She

masks: Owanto Owanto


texts:
 strives to bring to light the complex and contested issues surrounding this practice, which is often done in discreet initiation ceremonies around the world, as an age-old ritual signifying the important transition from childhood to womanhood by curbing sexual desire.Owanto retrieves archival photographs of an FGM/C ceremony, and enlarges them up to 2x3 meters high. She then disrupts the violation in the images by removing the sections deemed most private, through covering the void with delicate, hand crafted, and cold porcelain flower sculptures. The physical act of removing the flower, the “deflowering”, momentarily exposes the viewer to the truth. The flower is a symbolic cover-up that masks the identity of these young girls — an identity that was taken away from them — and hides this very loss. The original image is transformed to enable the young women in the old image to embody a different narrative. One thousand Voices

One Thousand Voices is an immersive sound installation, produced by <mask> in collaboration with Katya Berger, which amplifies an ensemble of voices collected from around the world. It is a collection of audio testimonies from Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) survivors.Using various languages, some speaking anonymously, most testifying openly, the installation projects sounds and stories of survival and resilience. The voices weave together to create one collective narrative. While the flower poetically plays a healing role and attempts to metaphorically change the narrative in Flower Series —from victims to heroines— the collective voice of women and girls


texts:
 united to say “no more” in One Thousand Voices breaks the silence and literally changes the narrative. Pardonne Moi

Pardonne-Moi is produced in collaboration with reformed cutters/circumcisers from the Kolda Region in South Senegal and from Cross River State in Nigeria. Women who have abandoned the knife to adopt the needle are changing their destiny as they weave the words of liberation voiced by the heroines in One Thousand Voices. On the one hand is the notion of healing and on the other hand, is the notion of pardon or atonement. The use of a new medium, material and embroidery, needle instead of knife, is explored, as well as the relationship between the spoken, the written word, and the enlightened word.The yellow thread symbolizes transformation. In this exceptional act of solidarity all women are united. Field of Light

In this neon series, the painful testimonies of FGM/C survivors are re-appropriated and turned into light messages. The oral words are materialized into illuminated written words, offering a way out from the shadows, and suggests transformation and healing. Awards and Honors
<mask> had the honor of representing the Republic of Gabon at the 53rd International Art Exhibition of the Venice Biennale in 2009, with a solo show in Gabon's first National Pavilion. She is one of the winners of the Mbokodo Awards from South Africa for 2020. “The awards honor women who have strengthened communities and individuals through their art.”

Exhibitions

Solo Exhibitions:
2011: "El Faro de la Memoria" Galería Maior, Vigo, Spain; Palma de Mallorca, Spain

2012: "Où Allons Nous?"Voice


texts:
 Gallery, Marrakech, Morocco

2013: "Protect" (Public art intervention), Jardins de Saint Martin, Monaco, Monaco

2014: "Here, Now." Biennale de Marrakech, Marrakech, Morocco

2015: <mask> " L'Atelier de l'artiste", Art Marbella (Galeria Yusto-Giner), Marbella, Spain

2016: "Flowers" Conseil National, Monaco, Monaco

2018: "Dance with Me" African Artist's Foundation (AAF), Lagos, Nigeria

2018: "Flowers" Voice Gallery, Marrakech, Morocco

2019: "One Thousand Voices" Museo d'Arte Contemporanea Donnaregina (MADRE), Naples, Italy

2019: "One Thousand Voices" Zeitz Museum of Contemporary Art Africa (Zeitz MOCAA), Cape Town, South Africa

2020: "Flowers" Sakhile&Me, Frankfurt, Germany

2020: "La Bible de ma Mère" LagosPhoto20, Online Home Museum

Group Exhibitions:
2016: "Made in Spain. 2019. Material Insanity. Casablanca, Morocco: Somadi. .
 DeSouza, Allan; Milbourne, Karen; Mutu, Wangechi; Osodi, George and Clive van den Berg. 2013. Earth Matters: Land as Material and Metaphor in the Arts of Africa.New York, USA: Monacelli Press. .
 Frances, Fernando. 2009. Owanto: The Lighthouse of Memory - Go Nogé Mènè. Imola, Italy: Maretti Editore. .
 Sherman, Louise. 2002. Owanto. Barcelona, Spain: Polígrafa. .
 Benetton, Luciano; Frances, Fernando and Helena Juncosa.2014. Identity/Modernity: Contemporary Artists from Spain. Footnotes

External links

 owanto.com
 https://www.sakhileandme.com/artists/owanto.htm
 https://zeitzmocaa.museum/artists/owanto-berger/
 https://www.1-54.com/london/artists/owanto/

1953 births
French artists
French people of Gabonese descent
Gabonese artists
Living people
Gabonese


texts:
<mask> (August 3, 1909 – November 10, 1971) was an American novelist, short story writer, and educator. He ranks as one of Nevada's most distinguished literary figures of the 20th century, and was the first inductee into the 'Nevada Writers Hall of Fame' in 1988, together with Robert Laxalt, <mask>'s mentee and Nevada's other heralded twentieth century author. Two of <mask>'s novels, The Ox-Bow Incident and The Track of the Cat, were made into films. As a writer, <mask> taught himself to use the familiar materials of the western saga to explore the human psyche and to raise deep philosophical issues. Biography
Born in East Orland, Maine, <mask> grew up, graduated from Reno High School in 1926 and went to college at the University of Nevada, where his father, <mask>, was president of the University of Nevada. In 1933 <mask> married Barbara Frances Morse and moved to Cazenovia, New York, where he taught high school English and began his fiction-writing career. <mask>'s first published novel, The Ox-Bow Incident (1940), was successful and is often considered to be the first modern Western, without the usual clichés and formulaic plots of the genre.The novel is a story about a lynch mob mistaking three innocent travelers for cattle rustlers suspected of murder. After the travelers are hanged, the lynch mob finds that they killed the wrong suspects. The novel's themes include an examination of frontier law and order, as well as culpability. The novel was well-received, gave

masks:
Walter Van Tilburg Clark
Clark
Clark
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Walter Ernest Clark
Clark
Clark


texts: <mask> literary acclaim that was unusual for a writer of Westerns, and in 1943 was adapted into a movie starring Henry Fonda and Harry Morgan. Over the next decade, <mask> published two more novels: The City of Trembling Leaves (1945) and The Track of the Cat (1949). In 1950, a collection of short stories, The Watchful Gods and Other Stories, was released. Since they began appearing in national magazines during the 1940s, <mask>'s short stories gained national recognition and earned the O. Henry Prize five times, in quick succession, between 1941 and 1945.After this initial success in the short story format, some of these stories (notably "Hook" and "The Wind And The Snow Of Winter") have been repeatedly anthologized as classic examples of the genre. <mask>'s short story, "The Portable Phonograph" - a poignant depiction of survivors in the aftermath of nuclear war - is also well known. Two Hollywood films were inspired by <mask>'s writings, and one of these (The Ox-Bow Incident) received an Academy Award nomination for Best Picture. The other film was Track of the Cat, based on <mask>'s novel The Track of the Cat. (Note that the film's title drops the definite article used in the novel's title). Although he continued to write more sporadically after 1950, <mask> published no more fiction works during the remaining two decades of his life. Thereafter, <mask> devoted his creative energies to teaching and lecturing.From 1954 to 1956, he was a professor of creative writing

masks: Clark Clark Clark Clark Clark Clark Clark Clark


texts:
 at the University of Montana in Missoula, where he was noted by his students for his teaching skills and for his eccentric clothing which consisted of a blue turtleneck shirt, maroon corduroy jacket, grey slacks and blue socks which never varied throughout the term. <mask> began teaching at a writer's workshop at San Francisco State University during the summer of 1955, moving to San Francisco in 1956 after he was hired there full-time to establish a formal Creative Writing Program. He remained there until 1962. <mask> would return to Reno to serve as the writer-in-residence at the university from 1962 until his death from cancer in Virginia City, Nevada on November 10, 1971 at aged 62. He spent the last ten years of his life editing The Journals of Alfred Doten. He died almost two years to the day after the death of his wife Barbara (Frances Morse) <mask> (December 16, 1906 - November 12, 1969). Both of them died of cancer, as <mask>'s biographer Jackson J. Benson noted in his biography of <mask>, The Ox-Bow Man.<mask> was chosen, along with Robert Laxalt, to be the first writer inducted into the Nevada Writers Hall of Fame when it was established in 1988 by the Friends of the University of Nevada Libraries. Books by <mask>
Fiction

 The Ox-Bow Incident, Random House (New York, NY), 1940; published with an introduction by Clifton Fadiman, Heritage, 1942; published with an afterword by W. P. Webb, Armed Services Edition, 1943, New American Library (New York, NY), 1960;

masks: Clark Clark Clark Clark Clark Clark Clark


texts:
 reprinted, Modern Library Paperback Classics (New York, NY), 2001. The City of Trembling Leaves, Random House (New York, NY), 1945; published as Tim Hazard, Kimber (England), Armed Services Edition, 1946; 1951(an abridged version). Reprinted as part of the Western Literature Series, University of Nevada Press (Reno, NV), 1991, 2003. With a "Foreword" by Robert Laxalt. The Track of the Cat, Random House (New York, NY), 1949, reprinted, University of Nevada Press (Reno, NV), 1993, 2003, with an "Afterword" by <mask> Tilburg <mask>. The Watchful Gods and Other Stories, Random House (New York, NY), 1950.(contains "Hook," "The Wind and the Snow of Winter," "The Rapids," "The Anonymous," "The Buck in the Hills," "Why Don't You Look Where You're Going?," "The Indian Well," "The Fish Who Could Close His Eyes," "The Portable Phonograph," and "The Watchful Gods"). Reprinted, University of Nevada Press (Reno, NV), 2004. With a "Foreword" by Ann Ronald

Poetry

Christmas Comes to Hjalsen (1930)
 "Dawn, Washoe Valley; Big Dusk; Pyramid Lake" (1932)
Ten Women in Gale's House: And Shorter Poems (1932)
 "To a Friend with New Shoes" (1934)

Other
(Author of foreword) Robert Cole Caples: A Retrospective Exhibition, 1927-63 (catalog), [Reno, NV], 1964. (Editor) The Journals of Alfred Doten, 1849-1903, three volumes, University of Nevada Press (Reno, NV), 1973. Online edition username and password: doten
 <mask> Tilburg <mask>: Critiques, edited by Charlton Laird; University of Nevada Press

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Walter Van
Clark
Walter Van
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 (Reno, NV), 1983. In this volume, some of <mask>'s works were collected and grouped with essays about <mask> and his writings

Further reading
Contemporary Literary Criticism, Volume 28, Gale (Detroit, MI), 1984. Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 9: "American Novelists, 1910-1945", Gale (Detroit, MI), 1981.Lee, L. L., <mask> <mask> <mask>, Boise State College (Boise, ID), 1973. Lindroth, James R., <mask>'s The Ox-Bow Incident: A Critical Commentary, Monarch Press (New York, NY), 1966. Shafton, Anthony, The Nevada They Knew: Robert Caples and <mask> Tilburg <mask>, Fonthill Media (Charleston, SC), 2017. Stegner, Wallace, One Way to Spell Man, Doubleday (New York, NY), 1982, pp. 124–35. Twentieth-Century Western Writers, St. James Press (Chicago, IL), 1991. Westbrook, Max, <mask> Tilburg <mask>, Twayne (New York, NY), 1969.Notes

References

External links
<mask> Tilburg <mask> Papers, NC527, University of Nevada, Reno, Special Collections and University Archives. Publisher's page for Charlton Laird's Critiques at University of Nevada Press
Articles in Western American Literature

20th-century American novelists
American Western (genre) novelists
Novelists from Maine
University of Nevada, Reno faculty
San Francisco State University faculty
1909 births
1971 deaths
People from Orland, Maine
Writers from Reno, Nevada
American male novelists
American male short story writers
O. Henry Award winners
20th-century American short story writers
20th-century American male

masks:
Clark
Clark
Walter Van
Tilburg
Clark
Clark
Walter Van
Clark
Walter Van
Clark
Walter Van
Clark


texts:
<mask> (March 13, 1868 – September 25, 1924) was a missionary evangelist in Japan. He was also one of the cofounders of the Oriental Missionary Society (now One Mission Society; formerly OMS International). Early life
<mask> was born on March 13, 1868, in Toulon, Illinois, to David and <mask>. He grew up in the Methodist Episcopal Church. At age 15, he was offered and accepted a summer job as a telegraph operator at a local railway station. Excelling at this new job, he chose not to return to school the following fall and continued with his new profession. He received a number of promotions over the following years.At 18, he was transferred to a station in Chicago, and by the time he was 19, he earned a salary comparable to employees who had been working there for many years. On June 8, 1889, at 21 years old, he married childhood friend, Lettie Burd. During their first year of marriage, they moved to the Rocky Mountains in order to escape city life. When the high altitude caused Lettie to become very sick though, they returned to Chicago for the next 10 years. Telegraphers’ Mission Band
Upon their return to Chicago, Cowman continued his work at the telegraph office. His attitude had changed though since the last time he was there. After a strong conviction, <mask> recommitted his life to God.“He made it the first thing in his life to be a Christian, feeling he must concentrate all his energy upon it” (Page 19). One way in which he did this was by forming the “Telegraphers’ Mission Band" in Chicago with coworkers who had become Christians because of him. One member was Ernest A. Kilbourne, who would later become a cofounder of the Oriental Missionary Society. The Telegraphers’ Mission Band sent letters explaining the Gospel to telegraphers all over the United States, Great Britain and Australia. The Oriental Missionary Society
In the late 1890s, Cowman met and

masks:
Charles Elmer Cowman
Charles Cowman
Mary Cowman
Charles


texts:
 befriended Juji Nakada at his church, Grace Methodist Episcopal Church. Nakada had come from Japan to study at Moody Bible Institute. He, too, would later become a cofounder of the Oriental Missionary Society.Upon Nakada’s return to Japan, the Telegraphers’ Mission Band began financially supporting him as a missionary, thus continuing the connection they had made with him while he was in the states. After feeling a deep call on their hearts, <mask> and Lettie left America on February 1, 1901, to serve as missionaries in Japan. They worked alongside Nakada, with the dream of starting a Bible training institute. “The aim of the institute would not be to produce classical scholars, but young men and women who could handle their mother tongue with effect, who were steeped in the Bible and who could so proclaim it as to arrest and influence all classes of people” (page 52). Within a few months of being in Japan, that dream became a reality when they were able to open a mission hall where Nakada could preach the Gospel message and train leaders. The hall held Bible classes in the daytime and was the venue for evangelistic services in the evening. This was the beginning of the Oriental Missionary Society.In 1902, Ernest Kilbourne joined Cowman and Nakada to assist in their growing ministry. Electric Messages
A small monthly periodical called Electric Messages began being printed in November 1902. This was mailed to supporters in the United States and included monthly reports of the work that was being accomplished. The name was later changed to The O.M.S. Standard and is currently called OMS Outreach. Tokyo Bible Training Institute
Having outgrown their original building, a need for a larger building for the Bible Training Institute arose in early 1903. By the end of 1903, a new school had opened in Tokyo, providing ample room to grow.The larger space not only


texts:
 accommodated more students, but also provided for great conventions and hundreds of guests. Seoul Bible Training Institute
In 1904, two Koreans went to Japan to attend the Tokyo Bible Training Institute. Through these students, OMS began to make connections with Korea. By 1910, they were able to send two missionaries from England, John and Emily Thomas, to Korea. Shortly after their arrival, another Bible Training Institute opened, just outside Seoul. Similar to Japan’s school, the Seoul Bible Training Institute fostered much growth and transformation of the surrounding region. The Great Village Campaign
Burdened by the number of people who remained unreached in Japan, Cowman began The Great Village Campaign in 1913.He had a vision “whereby every person in Japan might hear the Gospel in the next five years” (125). He could not rest until the entirety of Japan’s 58 million-person population was reached. Teams of missionaries visited every town, village and home throughout Japan, proclaiming the Gospel and distributing Bibles. Tokyo was the first to be visited, where 3 million Bibles were delivered. From there, workers went out among the provinces to continue with their goal of providing every home with a Bible. Toward the end of 1914, the hard work began to take a toll on Cowman’s health. He and Lettie returned to America for a short time in 1915 to rest and regain his health.The Village Campaign continued to progress while they were in the States, but soon enough, they returned to Japan to complete the work they had begun. 1917 posed to be the most intensive year of the campaign. In the spring, they went to the large island of Kyushu (home to 9,million residents) to establish temporary headquarters. As the year went on and the completion of the campaign drew near, <mask> once again became ill. He began to have many heart problems, leading Lettie and him to leave


texts:
 Japan for another few months. In January 1918, while at home in America, they received news through the O.M.S. Standard that the Japan Village Campaign was complete.About 60 million Japanese were equipped with the Gospel, covering  of land (page 137). Late life
While back in America, <mask> regained his health for a short time. He traveled for six months, telling the incredible story of The Great Village Campaign. He would have likely continued traveling the country, but numerous heart attacks forced him to rest at his home in California. For the next six years, he suffered in great pain, yet he always kept a positive attitude while continuing his work for the Lord. “Although broken in body, he kept an oversight of the home office and every department of work on the field, dictating letters by the hundreds” (page 142). He also began to make plans to go into China, so that another Bible training institute could be established.In March 1924, Cowman faithfully signed the bank books of OMS over to two trustees: Ernest Kilbourne and W.J. Clark, a Los Angeles businessman. Death and The Cowman Memorial Bible Training Institute
On the night of July 17, 1924, Cowman experienced a stroke that paralyzed his entire left side. The doctors said he would only live a few more hours, but he lived a number of weeks more. He passed just after midnight on September 25, 1924 (page 153). Two days after his funeral, a letter came to him stating that a fellow worker was giving $25,000 to open a Bible Training Institute in China. One year later, in September 1925, the Bible Training Institute was up and running in Shanghai.It was fittingly named, “The Cowman Memorial Bible Training Institute.” (page 155)

References

External links
 onemissionsociety.org

1868 births
1924 deaths
People from Toulon, Illinois
American Methodist missionaries
Methodist missionaries in Japan
American


texts:
<mask> (July 12, 1901 – September 6, 1978) was a Belarusian-born American public relations consultant who represented celebrities and major corporations. He was best known for the lavish entertaining he hosted for clients and other notables at his Manhattan townhouse located at 19 Gramercy Park South. Background
<mask> was born in Brest-Litovsk, Russia, now part of Belarus. He began his life living in poverty in a small wooden hut. Because of this poverty, his family emigrated to the United States with his family in 1910 to Lower East Side, Manhattan, New York City. <mask> attended Public School No.62 and then DeWitt Clinton High School. He took part in drama and dance at Henry Street Settlement, where his mother was a cleaning lady.Miss Wald, the director, was very impressed with Ben. At the age of 16, she offered him a job as the leader of the boy's club, and in turn allowed him to continue his schooling and live at the settlement house. Two years later, Miss Wald helped him get a scholarship to study at Columbia College. He got a job covering Columbia University sports for the Brooklyn Eagle. This helped his writing skills to become a publicist. He married Hilda Kaplan in March 1924. Brendan Gill, a close friend of <mask> claimed, "Ben wanted to be remembered as he was in his prime."His will was written on December 7, 1977 after he learned he was terminally ill with throat cancer. The will directed his executors of this estate to destroy all his files and papers. <mask> died in New York City at age 77 of a heart attack on September 6, 1978. Early career
<mask> was unsatisfied by the challenge of college and answered an ad in The New York Times with the Chicago Portrait Company as a door-to-door salesman. He became bored and quit after two months. Then, he hitchhiked to Flint, Michigan where he worked as a

masks:
Benjamin Sonnenberg
Sonnenberg
Sonnenberg
Sonnenberg
Sonnenberg
Sonnenberg


texts:
 reporter and movie critic for the Flint Journal. He returned to New York City in 1921.Upon returning to New York City, his first work in the public relations field was writing stories for the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee. In 1922, Miss Wald got a call from Lewis Strauss, the former secretary to Herbert Hoover and director of the American Relief Administration with the task to get food and medical assistance to the famine-stricken areas of Russia and Europe. <mask> took the job where he realized what it was like to be rich, and he fell in love with the lifestyle that coincided. At the age of 22, he rented a room in Greenwich Village and made an earning by providing publicity for Jewish fund drives, writing stories for the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee. He also did some public relations work for the Salvation Army, and a few night clubs. Public relations career
A self-described "cabinetmaker who fashioned large pedestals for small statues", <mask> represented many clients. While his company, Publicity Consultants Inc., was nominally located in offices on Park Avenue, his real business was done in his five-story townhouse in the Gramercy Park neighborhood of Manhattan, where he was renowned for his lavish entertaining for his clients and his contacts in the press.As his son would later describe in his memoir Lost Property: Memoirs and Confessions of a Bad Boy, "our home, my home, was a stage for his work". <mask> had such an air of persuasion and success about him that his clients would pay a fee just to talk with him on the phone. He loved showing off his extravagance with his clients through entertaining and gift giving. <mask> gained mass success and affluence because he was dedicated to following through on his promises to his clients, and because of this his reputation grew

masks: Sonnenberg Sonnenberg Sonnenberg Sonnenberg


texts: by word of mouth. His first big break was when he persuaded Oscar Weintraub to hire him to promote the new Fifth Avenue Hotel. He helped make the hotel known by inviting a distinction of guests to visit including Trader Horn, Prince George Matchabelli, and the Grand Dutchess Marie Romanov. His success lead to Weintraub hiring him to promote the other two hotels Weintraub managed.This also lead to Sonnenberg's introduction to Joel Hillman who was about to open the George V Hotel in Paris, which became Sonnenbergs' first European account. He became a full-time publicist in 1925. In 1927, he persuaded his father to retire because he felt financially secure and like he had “arrived.” In 1929, he left Greenwich Village and opened his office in a more luxurious building at 247 Park Avenue. He incorporated as Publicity Consultants Inc. He kept his staff very small and hired freelancers as needed, but did much of the work himself. From 1929, his fee income was at least $250,000 a year and from 1942 to his death it was always at least half a million annually. By 1930,  Sonnenberg and the field of Public Relations were becoming very well known.<mask> made his clients look up to press agents, rather than looking down on them. He moved to No.19 in 1931 and rented out the two bottom floors and by 1945 he was able to afford the whole thing. Perhaps his most famous client was Charles Luckman, an extremely successful architect, in 1950. "If there is one single achievement that public relations men cite <mask> for, it is the media barrage that he engineered for Luckman, beginning with a Time cover piece." In 1927, <mask> publicized Bergdorf Goodman department store for $100 a month. He was then hired to promote the 50th anniversary in 1951. He planned for a gala dinner dance in the Plaza Hotel with almost 700 or 800 in

masks: Sonnenberg Sonnenberg Sonnenberg


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 attendance.It was a sellout and tickets sold for $50. There was a live fashion show. There were also live mannequins in the store windows. Because of this great success he was then hired by Fred Lazares Jr. who operated Bloomingdale's, Abraham & Straus, Filenes of Boston, and Burdine's in Miami. In the 1950s he counseled his friend Stanley Marcus, founder of Neiman Marcus, for free who stated, "I learned more from <mask> about life and business than from any other person except my father." Working for Pepperdine, Inc. made <mask> a multimillionaire. Pepperdine, Inc was created by a poor family that made bread suitable for asthmatics and sold to Campbell Soup Co. in 1958 for $28 million, which earned him $9 million.Legacy
After 36 years of hustling clients and building a business, <mask> closed down Publicity Consultants, Inc. in 1963, because 247 Park Avenue was being torn down and his right-hand man George Schreiber was terminally ill with a brain tumor. He became strictly a consultant and gradually reduced his number of clients. In his later years <mask> focused less on making money and more on his hobbies, collecting being his favorite. He went for one last collecting jaunt to England in 1978 at the age of 76. In his final phase he worked alone. He claimed to have earned between $25 million to $30 million in his lifetime. References

Sources
Barmash, Isadore.Always Live Better Than Your Clients: The Fabulous Life and Times of <mask>, America's Greatest Publicist. Dodd, Mead and Company. Scott Cutlip (1994) The Unseen Power: Public Relations: A History  . 1901 births
1978 deaths
American public relations people
Columbia University alumni
People from the Lower East Side
Belarusian Jews
People from Brest, Belarus
American people of Belarusian-Jewish descent
DeWitt Clinton High School alumni
People from

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Air Commodore <mask>,  (7 April 1908 – 1 January 1984) was a British test pilot and senior Royal Air Force officer who took part in several air races and record-breaking flights in the 1930s. Early life
<mask> was born on 7 April 1908 at Motueka, New Zealand, the eldest of nine children of mining engineer <mask> (1874–1961) and his wife <mask> (1886–1943). As a teenager, <mask> developed engineering and practical country skills, and established a business repairing and reselling motor cars. His ambition was to be a master mariner, but that was abandoned due to incurable seasickness. He was inspired by the expansion of aviation, and particularly the pioneering flights in Australia and New Zealand by aviators such as Charles Kingsford-Smith and C.W.A. Scott in the late 1920s. He learned to fly at the Marlborough Aero Club at Omaka Aerodrome, near Blenheim.In 1930, after failing his attempt to join the Royal New Zealand Air Force, he moved to the United Kingdom. RAF career, 1930–1935
In 1930, after arriving in England, <mask> found that there was a waiting list to join the RAF, so he then joined Fairey Aviation Company as a working student. Applications to the RAF were repeatedly halted, until it was found that his blood pressure was lower during flying than while awaiting medical examinations on the ground. In October 1930, he joined No. 3 FTS at RAF Spitalgate, where he went solo after about two hours flying. In April 1931, he was posted as pilot officer to No. 25 Squadron at RAF Hawkinge, flying Hawker Fury I fighter biplanes.In April 1932, he was

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Arthur Clouston
Robert Edmond Clouston
Ruby Alexander Scott
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 promoted to flying officer. He was one of the team that performed formation aerobatics, including loops, with nine Furies at the April 1934 RAF display at RAF Hendon. In August 1934, he was posted to No. 24 Squadron at Hendon. In October 1935, he declined to renew his short service commission, and left the RAF, although remaining as a Reserve Air Force Officer (RAFO) pilot with the RAFVR. Civilian flight testing, 1935–1939
In October 1935, <mask> accepted the offered post of civilian test pilot at RAE Farnborough. Soon after he had started flying a Cierva C.30 autogiro at Farnborough, he was invited by Raoul Hafner to carry out test flying of the Hafner AR.III in his off-duty time, and <mask> later flew demonstrations of that gyroplane at many aviation events.He conducted official flight test aerodynamics work on aircraft including Parnall Parasol and Miles Falcon; ice formation research on Airspeed Courier, Handley Page Heyford and Northrop Gamma; and anti-intruder wire strike tests with Miles Hawk and Fairey P.4/34. In January 1938, he was awarded the Air Force Cross. In October 1938, Air Vice Marshal <mask> asked <mask> to conduct test flying of the prototype of the Westland Whirlwind, in place of Westland test pilots. Clouston piloted its first flight from Yeovil Aerodrome to Boscombe Down. Races and record-breaking flights, 1935–1939

While employed at RAE, <mask> developed a spare time interest in civil aviation, air racing and record-breaking. On 13 April 1936, he displayed his Aeronca C-3 (G-ADYP) at the Pou-du-Ciel (Flying Flea) rally at

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Arthur Tedder
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texts: Ashingdon. He test flew several Flying Fleas from Heston Aerodrome and from Gravesend Aerodrome.On 30 May 1936, he flew his Aeronca C-3 from Hanworth Aerodrome in the London to Isle of Man Race, but missed the final turning point in fog. On 14 June 1936, he flew the Aeronca in the South Coast Race at Shoreham, and came first, but was then disqualified on a technicality. On 11 July 1936, he flew a Miles Falcon (G-AEFB) in the King's Cup Race at Hatfield. On 3 August 1936, he borrowed a Flying Flea (G-ADPY), and raced it in the First International Flying Flea Challenge Trophy Race at Ramsgate Airport, but retired when an oil pipe fractured. On 29 September 1936, he took off from Portsmouth Airport in his Miles Hawk Speed Six (G-ADOD), at the start of the Schlesinger Race to Johannesburg. He was one of nine starters, but force landed 200 miles short of the race destination, and was the last of eight entries that failed to reach Johannesburg. On 29 May 1937, he flew a Miles Hawk Major (G-ADGE) from Hanworth in the London to Isle of Man Race.In June 1937, he learned that the DH.88 Comet (G-ACSS), that won the 1934 MacRobertson Race, was for sale by a scrap dealer, after it had been damaged in Air Ministry testing. He persuaded architect Fred Tasker to purchase the Comet, and then arranged for it to be repaired with upgraded engines and propellers, by Jack Cross of Essex Aero at Gravesend Aerodrome. He entered the Comet for the planned 1937 New York to Paris air race, but the US Department of Commerce refused all necessary permissions for the race. The


texts: French government reorganised the race to run from Istres Airfield near Marseille, via Damascus, to Paris. The only inscriptions on the Comet were the registration and race number "G-16", but it was also nicknamed "The Orphan" to reflect the lack of sponsors. On 20 August 1937, accompanied by Flt Lt George Nelson as co-pilot of the Comet, <mask> took off from Istres as one of 13 entrants, of which all the others were more powerful, and all heavily sponsored by European governments. He arrived at Le Bourget in fourth position, a few minutes behind the Savoia-Marchetti S.73 of Bruno Mussolini.In 1937, <mask> broke the record for a return flight from England to Cape Town. Betty Kirby-Green was relatively new to flying, with an appetite for adventure, and agreed to help raise money for an attempt on the Cape record set by <mask> in 1936. Burberry sponsored the flight and provided Burberry flying clothing, and their DH.88 Comet, G-ACSS was consequently named renamed "The Burberry". On 14 November 1937, <mask> and Kirby-Green took off from Croydon Aerodrome, and reached Cape Town on 16 November in a record 45 hours and two minutes. Their return journey of 57 hours and 23 minutes was also record-breaking. The DH.88 Comet has since been restored, and is now held at the Shuttleworth Collection. On 20 November, they arrived back at Croydon in dense fog, having broken several records and covered about 14,690 miles in less than six days.As a result, <mask> was awarded the Britannia Trophy and the Segrave Trophy, and Betty was awarded the Segrave Medal. On 4

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Amy Johnson
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texts: December 1937, <mask> married <mask>, the daughter of engineer Samuel Turner of Farnborough; they subsequently had two daughters. In December 1937, Daily Express air correspondent Victor Ricketts proposed to Clouston that they should attempt to break the England to Australia flight record. Ricketts arranged for sponsorship from the Australian Consolidated Press, and once again the DH.88 Comet G-ACSS was hired. It was overhauled and equipped with a small typewriter to compile press reports in flight for dispatch at refuelling stops. It was named "Australian Anniversary", representing the 150th anniversary of Australia. On 6 February 1938, <mask> and Ricketts took off from Gravesend Aerodrome.The first scheduled stop was to be Aleppo in Syria, but bad storms forced <mask> to land at a flooded airfield at Adana in Turkey. His permits were dismissed by Turkish officials, but next day he refuelled with unofficial help, and took off from a roadway, although damaging the undercarriage. He flew to an unmarked airfield on Cyprus, having abandoned the record attempt. Engineer Jack Cross, plus the financier and some equipment, was flown to Cyprus by <mask> in a Vega Gull borrowed from Charles Gardner. After repairs to the Comet, <mask> flew it back to Gravesend, accompanied by Jack Cross. On 15 March 1938, <mask> once again departed from Gravesend with Victor Ricketts in DH.88 Comet G-ACSS. He flew via Cairo, Basra, Allahabad, Penang and Singapore to Darwin, but without beating the 1934 record set by C. W. A. Scott and Tom Campbell Black in the same aircraft.He

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Elsie Turner
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 flew on to Sydney via Charleville, without being aware of the London to Sydney record, until massive crowds welcomed him there as a record-breaker. The next day, 20 March 1938, he flew across the Tasman Sea to Blenheim Municipal Aerodrome (Omaka) in New Zealand, setting more records. He then flew back to Australia, and continued on a return flight to Croydon, arriving in fog on 26 March 1938. He had established eleven records at the end of a round-trip of about 26,000 miles. On 2 July 1938, he flew BA Eagle 2 (G-AFIC) in the King's Cup Race at Hatfield Aerodrome, but was placed outside the top three. Second World War
On 1 October 1939, <mask> rejoined the RAF, and served as a test pilot with the rank of flight lieutenant and acting squadron leader, in the Aerodynamics Flight at Farnborough. His activities included test flying of radio-controlled Airspeed Queen Wasp target drones.In June 1941, he was promoted to squadron leader. Although the unit operated some high speed fighters, it was forbidden to arm their weapons, but Clouston chased intruding German aircraft without damaging them. Increasing incursions led to orders to arm the fighters, and <mask> then claimed a shoot-down of a Heinkel 111 and a Messerschmitt Bf 110 during the same flight in a Spitfire. He carried out many flight tests using both tethered and untethered flares launched from a Handley Page Hampden flying behind a Whitley bomber, in experiments to illuminate target aircraft at night. He also flew tests with a Douglas Havoc, dispensing flash flares. In April 1941, he was attached

masks: Clouston Clouston


texts: to No. 219 Squadron, operating Beaufighters from RAF Redhill, to experience night fighter tactics.His reports to the Air Ministry led to improvements to cannons on Beaufighters, and better training for radar operators. On 12 May 1941, he was posted as CO of No. 1422 Flight RAF of the RAE based at RAF Heston. There he carried out testing of the Turbinlite concept of an aerial searchlight mounted on a Havoc night fighter, in collaboration with Group Captain William Helmore and with aeronautical engineer L.E. Baynes, nicknamed "The Baron", for whom he had great admiration. The next experiments involved dropping coils of wire suspended from parachutes, intended to interfere with the operation of intruding aircraft. <mask> conducted another trial instigated by Helmore, involving radio control of a full-size motor launch boat from a high-flying aircraft, using a Douglas DB-7 Havoc.He was also involved in testing the Leigh Light, an aerial searchlight designed to illuminate submarines and surface vessels, and trialled on a Vickers Wellington. In March 1943, <mask> was promoted to wing commander, and posted to command No. 224 Squadron firstly at RAF Beaulieu, then in April 1943 at RAF St Eval. The squadron was mainly involved in anti-submarine operations in the Bay of Biscay, operating B-24 Liberators with airborne radar and depth charges, later supplemented with Leigh lights. The Liberators were often attacked by formations of Bf 110s and Junkers Ju 88s, and in October 1943 <mask> was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for his actions, followed in April

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 1944 by the Distinguished Service Order. In February 1944, he was promoted to group captain, and posted as commanding officer of RAF Langham, that was still under construction. Operations there started with No.455 Squadron and No. 489 Squadron, both flying Beaufighters on anti-shipping missions in the North Sea area. In October 1944, the Beaufighter squadrons were replaced by No. 521 Squadron with Lockheed Hudsons and No. 524 Squadron with Wellingtons. Postwar
In May 1945, <mask> was posted as CO of German airstrip B151 that was being developed into the headquarters of BAFO (British Air Forces of Occupation), and named RAF Bückeburg. In April 1946, he was appointed to a permanent commission with his existing rank of squadron leader.However, he was then offered the job of Director General of Civil Aviation of New Zealand. Instead of being released by the RAF, he was promoted to group captain, and given a two-year posting as commanding officer of RNZAF Base Ohakea, the main RNZAF strike base, operating de Havilland Mosquitos. In February 1950, he was posted as CO at RAF Leeming, then in July 1953 as commandant of ETPS (Empire Test Pilot School) at Farnborough. (P. L. Runciman asserts that he was Commandant of the ETPS earlier. On 12.12.1950 he signed his father's log book as Commandant of the ETPS) In October 1953, he was posted as SASO (Senior Air Staff Officer) at No. 19 Group, RAF Coastal Command. In July 1954, he was promoted to acting air commodore, then posted as Air Officer Commanding Singapore.In 1957, he was appointed a Companion of the Order


texts:
 of the Bath, and was given his final posting as commandant of Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment at Boscombe Down. On 7 April 1960, <mask> retired to Cornwall, and died on 1 January 1984. Notes

Bibliography
<mask>, A.E. 1954. The Dangerous Skies. Cassell ASIN B0000CIX25
Henshaw, <mask>. "Obituary – <mask> <mask>", Aeroplane Monthly, February 1984
Henshaw, <mask>."Personal Album", Aeroplane Monthly, November 1984
Lewis,Peter. 1970. British Racing and Record-Breaking Aircraft. Putnam. Middleton, Don. "Test Pilot Profile No.4 – A.E.<mask>", Aeroplane Monthly, October 1982
Oliver, David. 1994.Hendon Aerodrome – A History. Airlife
Orange, Vincent. 2004. <mask>, <mask> (1908–1984). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. 1908 births
1984 deaths
Britannia Trophy winners
British test pilots
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Recipients of the Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)
Royal Air Force officers
Royal Air Force personnel of World War II
Segrave Trophy recipients
People from Motueka
New Zealand emigrants to the United Kingdom
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)
British aviation record

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Arthur Edmond
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<mask> is an American activist, politician, talk show host, and author. He is an American politician from the State of Iowa. He was previously a Democratic candidate for Governor of Iowa and the U.S. Congress, and served as a member of the Iowa General Assembly from 1993 to 2006. Early life
The son of a member of the U.S. military, <mask> was born in Santa Monica, California in 1958, but spent the majority of his formative years living in Saugus, Massachusetts. After two years at Marlboro College in Vermont, he spent several years traveling around Europe, Canada, and the Middle East. At one point, having exhausted his financial resources, he was homeless for a time before returning to the United States. During his travels, he acquired some fluency in Spanish and French.He knows how to play seven musical instruments, including the guitar, the accordion, the Irish whistle, and the piano. Upon returning to his native country, he moved to Iowa, where he attended Drake University between 1985 and 1987, earning a bachelor's degree in religious studies. <mask> also worked as a field canvasser for Iowa Citizen Action Network during this period. After graduating from Drake, he became a community organizer in the inner city of Des Moines, the result of his opposition to the then-dominant policies of President Ronald Reagan and other conservative Republicans. After organizing the Iowa portion of the Great Peace March for Global Nuclear Disarmament in 1986, <mask> founded the Des Moines Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, which ultimately became Clarion Alliance, a non-profit focusing on peace and conflict resolution issues. State legislature
In 1992, he decided to enter electoral politics, challenging Democratic State Representative Gary Sherzan, a ten-year incumbent, for re-nomination. Although Sherzan outspent him by almost a two-to-one margin, <mask> won the primary with 63% of the vote and went on to an easy victory in the general election.During the 2000 presidential election, he made headlines across the state when he endorsed the

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Ed Fallon
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 candidacy of Green Party nominee Ralph Nader over that of Democrat Al Gore because of Gore's choice of Joe Lieberman as a running mate. <mask> admitted in 2001 that, while people's frustration with the Democratic Party was legitimate, his decision to back Nader was a mistake. The leaders of the Iowa Democratic Party, angered at <mask>'s actions, stripped him of his place as ranking member of the House Local Government Committee. He was voted off the Polk County Democratic Central Committee and, when the state was redistricted in 2001, 70% of his former constituents were moved to another district (which was done through a non-partisan process). Facing a three-way primary in what was for all intents and purposes a new district, <mask> was not expected to survive. Instead, he won 68% of the vote in the primary and won re-election to a sixth term. Run for governor

In October 2002, after progressive Minnesota Senator Paul Wellstone died in a plane crash, <mask> decided that he wanted to emulate Wellstone's impact on his state's politics by running for Governor.After spending almost two and a half years testing the waters and preparing for his run, he announced his candidacy on April 9, 2005, at a rally at the Iowa State Capitol, becoming the first candidate to officially declare. During the course of the race, in which he faced Secretary of State Chet Culver and former state economic development director and Congressman Mike Blouin, <mask> positioned himself as a candidate focused on populist concerns. The main focal point of his campaign was a pledge to enact voluntary public financing of elections, a pledge that he reinforced with his refusal to accept donations from political action committees and lobbyists and his self-imposed limitation of $2400 in contributions per person. He was also in favor of creating a locally owned renewable fuels industry, universal health care, reforming the Departments of Human Services and Corrections, ending government handouts to big business, and increased funding for public education. He

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 opposed urban sprawl, legalized gambling, factory farms, and the Iowa Values Fund, a multimillion-dollar corporate incentive package that he dubbed "corporate welfare." In January and March 2006, more delegates pledged to him were selected to attend the state party convention than those of any other candidate. If no candidate had won 35% of the vote in the primary, convention delegates would have awarded the nomination.In late May, he received the endorsement of the Iowa Sierra Club and the Iowa City Press-Citizen, becoming the first candidate to receive support from a major newspaper. In the primary on June 6, 2006, the winner was Chet Culver with 57,976 votes (39.09%) and <mask> ran third out of a field of four, receiving 38,160 votes (25.73%). Although this result was not the win that <mask> and his supporters had hoped for, it was considerably in excess of the 5 to 10% that pundits had speculated he might receive at the beginning of the race. Post-primary
On November 10, 2006, three days after the midterm elections, during which candidates that <mask> had campaigned for were elected Governor, Secretary of State, and to the state legislature and the United States Congress, he announced in an e-mail to supporters that he would take a hiatus from electoral politics, during which he would form a new political activist organization, dedicated to social justice, clean elections, and encouraging local and state action to address global warming. On December 28, 2006, <mask> appeared in Des Moines at the first official presidential campaign event of former North Carolina Senator <mask>, taking tickets and passing out <mask> campaign literature. <mask>, who was the Democratic nominee for Vice President in 2004, has taken positions similar to <mask>'s on campaign finance reform and universal health care, and has called for an end to poverty and an immediate withdrawal from the Iraq War. On January 11, 2007, <mask> announced in an e-mail to supporters that he had co-founded a private business called "Independence Movement for Iowa,"

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 or I'M for Iowa.According to <mask>, the organization will seek "independence" for Iowa from "special interest campaign contributions"; "poverty, injustice and discrimination"; "fossil fuels and foreign oil"; "government subsidies for big business"; and "government officials who operate without the public's interest in mind, often behind closed doors, and with a lack of integrity and accountability.". Questions were raised about I'M for Iowa in March 2007 about whether the organization was following campaign finance laws and behaving in an ethical manner." However, these claims were based on the misunderstanding that I'M for Iowa was not a private, unincorporated business. Congressional run, 2008
On January 8, 2008, <mask> formally filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission to run for Congress. He formally announced his candidacy in a press conference in Des Moines on January 16, 2008. Media reports noted that <mask> carried the 3rd District in the 2006 gubernatorial primary, and examination of the caucus results shows that <mask>, whom <mask> endorsed, did much better in the district than did Senator Hillary Clinton, whom Boswell endorsed. <mask> carried six counties in the district, while Clinton carried none.<mask> was defeated by Boswell in the Democratic primary on June 3, 2008, by a 61 to 39 percent margin. Talk show host
Since 2009, <mask> has hosted the Fallon Forum, a call-in talk show. The program discusses a wide range of contemporary issues. In Des Moines, the Fallon Forum airs live on La Reina, 1260 AM and 96.5 FM. The program is rebroadcast on stations in Ames, Iowa City, Fayette (Missouri) and New Orleans (Louisiana). <mask> was arrested with a number of others on October 8, 2011, on the Iowa Capitol grounds when police broke up the Occupy Des Moines encampment, part of the Occupy Movement. <mask> was found not guilty of trespassing by a jury on March 9, 2012.Climate advocacy

On March 1, 2013, <mask> announced the start of a campaign aimed at inspiring society to take action on climate change. <mask>

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John Edwards
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 assembled a team and launched the non-profit, Great March for Climate Action. He is planning for up to 1,000 individuals to march across the nation, from Los Angeles, CA to Washington DC, in order to motivate both the general public and elected officials to address climate change. On March 2, 2015, <mask> started a 400-mile hike along the proposed Dakota Access pipeline in Keokuk, to protest and rally support. On May 18, 2015, Capitol Police were called for a disturbance in the Governor's Office. <mask> was found refusing to leave. <mask> was there to protest the Dakota Access pipeline.<mask> was escorted off the premises and was charged with criminal trespassing. He posted bond that evening. From late 2015 to early 2016, <mask> worked with The Climate Mobilization to approach presidential candidates campaigning for the Iowa caucuses urging a more realistic and ambitious approach to the climate crisis, an economic mobilization on the scale of the American effort during World War II for 100% clean energy and net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2025. In January 2016, <mask> hosted a "Climate Emergency Caucus" in Des Moines before the Iowa caucuses, which simulated the state's 2016 Democratic presidential primary caucus. Bernie Sanders won the vote with 67% of attendees. <mask> endorsed Sanders for president, and spoke publicly in his favor in advance of the Iowa caucuses. Since its formation in 2016, <mask> has served as the director of Bold Iowa.Bold Iowa's mission is to build rural-urban coalitions to fight climate change; prevent the abuse of eminent domain; protect Iowa's soil, air, and water; and promote non-industrial renewable energy. <mask> wrote his first book, Marcher, Walker, Pilgrim, published in 2018. References

External links
The Fallon Forum
<mask> on Facebook

Members of the Iowa House of Representatives
People from Santa Monica, California
People from Saugus, Massachusetts
Iowa Democrats
Living people
1958 births
Drake University alumni
American community activists
Politicians from Des Moines, Iowa
Marlboro

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<mask> (born February 16, 1992) is an American football cornerback for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Chicago Bears in the first round of the 2014 NFL Draft and played college football at Virginia Tech. High school
A native of Baltimore, Maryland, <mask> attended Mount Saint Joseph High School, where he played high school football. He recorded one interception his senior year, and played in the Maryland Crab Bowl, an all-star game, despite missing most of his season with a finger injury. He had four interceptions as a junior, returning two of those for touchdowns. He also had a punt return touchdown and kick return score that season. <mask> was also on the school's track & field team, where he competed as a sprinter and jumper.He won the long jump at the 2010 Woodlawn Warrior Invitational, with a personal-best mark of 6.41 meters. At the 2010 IAAM-MIAA Champs, he took fifth in the 300-meter dash, clocking at 37.98 seconds. Considered a three-star recruit by ESPN.com, <mask> was listed as the No. 43 cornerback in the nation in 2010. College career

<mask> started seven games in 2010 as a true freshman, primarily in the Hokies’ nickel defense. He recorded 32 tackles, four for a loss, broke up six passes and forced a fumble. In 2011, as a second-team All-ACC selection at corner, he started all 14 games at two different positions.He started at nickelback/whip linebacker for seven games and corner for the other seven games. He played over 1000 snaps on defense and 100 on special teams. He recorded 65 tackles, a team-high 14.5 tackles for loss and 4.5 sacks on the season. He also added seven pass breakups, two interceptions, five quarterback hurries, a forced fumble and a fumble recovery. In 2012, as honorable mention All-ACC at corner, he started all 13 games and recorded 52 tackles, including three for loss, two interceptions and five

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Kyle Brandon Fuller
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 pass breakups. In 2013, he was one of the Hokies’ four permanent captains. He was named a third-team All-ACC selection, and played in nine games, making eight starts and missing the team's final four games due to injury.He recorded 24 tackles, two interceptions and 10 pass breakups in his final season. Professional career
<mask> attended the NFL Scouting Combine and performed all of the combine drills. On March 19, 2014, <mask> participated at Virginia Tech's pro day, but opted to stand on his combine numbers and only performed positional drills. He was projected to be a first round pick by NFL draft experts and scouts. <mask> was ranked as the top cornerback prospect in the draft by NFL draft analyst Mike Mayock, was ranked the third best cornerback by DraftScout.com, and was ranked the sixth best cornerback by Sports Illustrated. Chicago Bears

2014

The Chicago Bears selected <mask> in the first round (14th overall) of the 2014 NFL Draft. He was the second cornerback selected in the draft, behind Justin Gilbert (eighth overall, Browns).On May 14, 2014, the Chicago Bears signed him to a four-year, $9.68 million contract with a signing bonus of $5.36 million. Head coach Marc Trestman named <mask> the third cornerback on the Bears' depth chart to start the regular season, behind Tim Jennings and Charles Tillman. He made his professional regular season debut in the Chicago Bears' season-opener against the Buffalo Bills and recorded five combined tackles in their 23–20 loss. On September 14, 2014, <mask> made a season-high seven combined tackles, two pass deflections, and two interceptions during a 28–20 victory at the San Francisco 49ers on Sunday Night Football. He made his first career interception off a pass by quarterback Colin Kaepernick, that was intended for wide receiver Michael Crabtree, and returned it for a 20-yard gain in the fourth quarter. He became the first Bears'

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 rookie to record two picks in a game since Chris Harris in . He was named the NFC Defensive Player of the Week and became the first Bears' rookie defensive back to receive the award since Mark Carrier in .In Week 3, <mask> earned his first career start after Charles Tillman sustained a triceps injury and was placed on injured reserve. He recorded seven combined tackles, two pass deflections, forced two fumbles, and made an interception as the Bears defeated the New York Jets 27–19 on Monday Night Football. He became the first NFL player in 20 years to record three interceptions and two forced fumbles in their first three games. In Week 13, he collected a season-high seven solo tackles and broke up a pass during a 34–17 loss at the Detroit Lions. On December 29, 2014, the Chicago Bears fired head coach Marc Trestman after they finished with a 5–11 record in 2014. He finished his rookie season in 2014 with 64 combined tackles (51 solo), ten pass deflections, four interceptions, and three forced fumbles in 16 games and 14 starts. 2015
<mask> entered training camp slated as a starting cornerback.Head coach John Fox officially named <mask> a starting cornerback to start the regular season, opposite Tracy Porter. On October 18, 2015, <mask> collected a season-high eight combined tackles during a 37–34 loss at the Detroit Lions. In Week 8, he made two combined tackles, a season-high two pass deflections, and intercepted a pass by quarterback Teddy Bridgewater in the Bears' 23–20 loss to the Minnesota Vikings. He started all 16 games and recorded 55 combined tackles (47 solo), nine pass deflections, and two interceptions. <mask> struggled through the early portion of the season, which included being responsible for two major defensive pass interference penalties, raising the possibility of being moved to safety. He eventually improved as the year progressed. 2016
Throughout training camp,

masks: Fuller Fuller Fuller Fuller Fuller


texts:
 <mask> dealt with a knee injury.On August 18, 2016, he underwent arthroscopic knee surgery to repair his knee injury. On September 28, 2016, the Chicago Bears placed <mask> on injured reserve after being inactive for the first three games while recovering from knee surgery. On November 30, 2016, <mask> returned to practice, but was not added to the active roster and remained on injured reserve for the entire 2016 season. 2017
On April 29, 2017, Chicago Bears' general manager Ryan Pace announced that the team would not pick up the fifth-year option on <mask>'s rookie contract. Throughout training camp, he competed to be a starting cornerback against Marcus Cooper and Prince Amukamara. Head coach John Fox named <mask> the third cornerback on the depth chart to start the regular season, behind Cooper and Amukamara. <mask> started in the Chicago Bears' against the Atlanta Falcons after Prince Amukamara injured his ankle during the preseason and was inactive for the first two regular-season games.<mask> recorded six combined tackles and broke up a pass in their 23–17 loss. In Week 5, he earned the start after Marcus Cooper was unable to play due to a back injury. Defensive coordinator Vic Fangio chose to retain <mask> as a starting cornerback for the rest of the season. On December 3, 2017, <mask> collected a season-high seven combined tackles, two pass deflections, and intercepted a pass by quarterback Jimmy Garoppolo during a 15–14 loss to the San Francisco 49ers in Week 13. He had a career year in 2017, starting all 16 games recording 69
combined tackles (61 solo), a career-high 22 pass deflections, and two interceptions. He earned an overall grade of 84.3 from Pro Football Focus, which ranked 21st among all qualifying cornerbacks in 2017. 2018

On March 6, 2018, the Chicago Bears placed the transition tag on <mask> worth $12.971 million.On March 16, 2018, the Green Bay Packers

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texts:
 extended a four-year, $56 million contract with $18 million guaranteed offer to <mask>, which the Bears then matched later that day, keeping <mask> under contract with the Bears through 2021. <mask>'s 2018 season opened on a disappointing note when he dropped a potential game-sealing interception against the Packers, who eventually scored on the drive to win 24–23; after the game, he commented, "All I got to say is I got to catch it." In Weeks 6 and 7 against the Miami Dolphins and New England Patriots, he recorded three total interceptions, two off the former's Brock Osweiler and once off the latter's Tom Brady. The two picks in Miami marked the first time that a Bear recorded two interceptions in a game since <mask>'s performance against the 49ers in 2014. During the remainder of the regular season, he recorded four more interceptions against Nathan Peterman of the Buffalo Bills, Matthew Stafford of the Detroit Lions, Eli Manning of the New York Giants, and Jared Goff of the Los Angeles Rams. <mask> finished the season with 55 tackles, 21 passes defended, and shared a league-leading seven interceptions with Xavien Howard and Damontae Kazee. He received an overall grade of 81.4 from Pro Football Focus in 2018, which ranked as the 7th highest grade among all qualifying cornerbacks in 2018.On December 18, <mask> was selected to his first Pro Bowl. He was later also named to first-team All-Pro along with teammates Khalil Mack, Eddie Jackson, and Tarik Cohen. 2019

In week 2 against the Denver Broncos, <mask> made his first interception of the season off a pass from Joe Flacco that was intended for Emmanuel Sanders in the 16-14 win. In week 3 against the Washington Redskins, <mask> intercepted a pass from Case Keenum in the 31-15 win. In week 8 against the Los Angeles Chargers, <mask> recorded a team high 7 tackles and made an interception off Philip Rivers in the 17–16 loss. <mask>


texts:
 ended the 2019 season with three interceptions and 12 pass breakups. His 82 combined tackles were a career best.On January 9, 2020, he was named to the 2020 Pro Bowl roster in place of an injured Jalen Ramsey after being voted as an alternate. 2020
In Week 1 against the Detroit Lions, <mask> recorded his first interception of the season off a pass thrown by Matthew Stafford during the 27–23 comeback victory. In Week 5 against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on Thursday Night Football, <mask> forced a fumble on running back Ke'Shawn Vaughn which was recovered by teammate Robert Quinn during the 20–19 win. On March 20, 2021, <mask> was released by the Bears. Denver Broncos
<mask> signed a one-year, $9.5 million contract with the Denver Broncos on March 23, 2021. Due to poor play, <mask> did not appear in the Broncos’ week 8 matchup against Washington, after losing possible playing time in previous weeks to Nate Hairston and Patrick Surtain II. Leading up to the November 2021 NFL Trade Deadline, it was widely speculated that the Broncos would trade away <mask>.However, he ultimately was not traded. NFL career statistics

Regular season

Postseason

Personal life
<mask>'s older brothers are former Virginia Tech Hokies football players, as well. His eldest brother, Vincent, is a retired NFL safety who spent the majority of his career with the Tennessee Titans. His older brother, Corey, is a retired wide receiver, who previously played for the Detroit Lions and New Orleans Saints. Their younger brother, Kendall, is a cornerback for the Washington Commanders. Kendall won Super Bowl LIV with the Kansas City Chiefs. References

External links

Chicago Bears bio
Virginia Tech Hokies bio

1992 births
Living people
Players of American football from Baltimore
American football cornerbacks
Virginia Tech Hokies football players
Chicago Bears players
National Conference Pro Bowl players
Denver Broncos

masks: Fuller Fuller Fuller Fuller Fuller Fuller Kyle


texts: <mask>, SI, PP (; 24 April 1934 – 11 April 1983) was a versatile Pakistani playback singer and was "an important contributor to the golden age of Pakistani film music." Regarded as one of the greatest singers in South Asia who could sing high tenor notes with ease, he is best known for his versatility and distinctive voice, with complex and dark emotional expressions. Considered as the first pop singer of South Asia, he sang South Asia's first pop song, "Ko Ko Korina", in the 1966 film Armaan. Born in Hyderabad Deccan, he migrated to Pakistan following partition. In 1954, he recorded the official National anthem of Pakistan with several other singers. <mask> has recorded the highest number of film songs in the history of Pakistani cinema in Urdu, English, Punjabi, Bengali, Sindhi and Gujarati and found unprecedented success as a playback artist from the mid-1950s to early 1980s. He was also known for his stage performance.He suffered from poor health during the latter part of his life and died of a heart attack at the age of 48, after recording approximately five thousand film songs for 583 released films. Besides popular music, <mask> also helped popularize the ghazals of Naseer Turabi. He was awarded five Nigar Awards, the "Best Singer Of The Millennium" title, "Life Time Achievement Award", "Legend Award" and Lux Style Award. In 2003, 20 years after his death, Pakistani president Pervez Musharraf awarded him the Sitara-e-Imtiaz, the "star of excellence," for distinguished merit in the field of arts. According to the 2016 survey of Asian Woman Magazine, <mask> is

masks:
Ahmed Rushdi
Rushdi
Rushdi
Rushdi


texts:
 declared as a darling singer of all time. Early life
<mask> was born to a religious, conservative family of Hyderabad Deccan in 1934. His father, Syed Manzoor Mohammad, taught Arabic, Islamic History and Persian at Aurangabad College, Hyderabad, Deccan.He died when <mask> was only six years old. From a young age, <mask> was fond of listening to the musical programs, including songs, which were broadcast from the radio. He neither inherited music from any one, nor any body in his family was ever affiliated to music. <mask>'s singing talents impressed a very close friend of his father, whom he called uncle and who loved him dearly. He enrolled in a local music academy in Hyderabad Deccan. Moreover, two popular composers of the time, M.A. Rauf and Iqbal Qureshi, also taught music in the same school.Thus, <mask> learned the basics of music from the afore-mentioned teachers. Later, he got some training in classical music from Ustad Nathu Khan. <mask> did not get any sort of formal training of classical music neither before nor after becoming a successful playback singer but he had an effective command over high and low notes. He sang his first song in the Indian film Ibrat in 1951 and got recognition. His family moved to Pakistan and settled in Karachi in 1954, where he began participating in variety shows, music programs, and children's programs on radio. In 1954, he recorded his first non-film song, "Bunder Road se Keemari", written by Mehdi Zaheer for the popular Radio Pakistan show Bachchon Ki Duniya; the song was a hit and became the steppingstone for <mask>'s

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Ahmed Rushdi
Rushdi
Rushdi
Ahmed Rushdi
Ahmed Rushdi
Ahmed Rushdi
Rushdi


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 future..

Singing career

1950s and 1960s
After the success of "Bunder Road se Keemari", <mask> was offered songs as a playback singer for films and quickly gained popularity. He lent his voice to many hit films like Bara Admi (1956), Wah Rey Zamaney (1957), Raat Ke Rahi (1957), Yeh Dunya (1958) and many more.<mask> got well recognition for singing "Mari lela ne aisi" in Anokhi (1956),  "Chalak Rahi Hain Mastiyan" and "Chal Na Sakey Gi 420" in Raaz (1959). In 1961, he sang the popular song "Chand Sa Mukhra Gora Badan" in the film Saperan, for which he received his first Nigar Award as Best Male Playback Singer. He further strengthened his status as one of the top male playback singers in Mehtaab (1962), in which he sang "Gol Gappay Wala Aaya" for actor Alauddin; they would again be teamed in Susral. In 1966, he sang "Ko Ko Korina", considered the first modern Pakistani pop song. The film Anchal (1960) was an important film in <mask>'s career. Music director Khalil <mask> recorded an extremely sad number "Kisi chaman mei raho tum" in singer Saleem Raza's voice but wanted <mask> to re-record the song as he was not satisfied with Saleem Raza's singing. <mask> did so and the song recorded in his voice satisfied composer Khalil.Raza's career as a singer was affected and doomed later on. After that, whenever Khalil composed music for any film, <mask> remained his first choice. The mid-1960s saw the rise of brilliant singers like Mehdi Hassan and Masood Rana, but it did not affect <mask>'s career and he kept on leading the film music. Music experts including Nisar Bazmi,

masks: Rushdi Rushdi Rushdi Ahmed Rushdi Rushdi Rushdi Rushdi


texts: Sohail Rana and M. Ashraf are unanimous that <mask>'s voice was best suited for every hero, comedian and even character actor. He lent his voice to Waheed Murad, Nadeem, Mohammad Ali, Santosh Kumar, Darpan, Habib, Rehman, Shahid, Qavi Khan, Ghulam Mohiuddin, Rahat Kazmi and was tailor-made for every actor of film industry. <mask>'s voice was even ideally suited to comedians such as Munawar Zarif, Lehri, Nirala, Nanha and Rangeela. <mask> recorded the ghazal "Shok-e-awargi" written by poet Habib Jalib for actor Syed Kamal in the 1963 film Joker.This ghazal sung by <mask>, gained popularity amongst music listeners. <mask> and Jalib again teamed together for Mohammad Ali in  the film Khamosh Raho (1964). <mask> sang the ghazal "Mei Nahi Manta" for the same film and gained Habib Jalib country-wide fame. He recorded a qawwali "Madiney waley ko mera salam kehdena" along with Munir Husain same year. Actor Nadeem's first film as a leading actor was Chakori (1967). <mask> recorded four songs for this film in the composition of music director Robin Ghosh. "Kabhi toe tum ko yaad ayen gi", "Pyare pyare yar humare" and "Tujhe chahein meri bahein".Same year, film Doraha and Shehnai were released. He recorded all the songs for these films including "Bhooli hue hoon dastan", "tumhein kaise bta doon", "Han issi mor per" (film Doraha) and "Tujhey apney dil se mei kaise", "Nazaron se haseen hai", "Dunya mei tumko jeena hai agar" ( film Shehnai). In 1968, <mask> recorded his first ever Bengali song in the film Notun Name Dako of Dhaka titled "Ke Tumi Ele Go", which became a smashing

masks: Rushdi Rushdi Rushdi Rushdi Rushdi Rushdi Rushdi Rushdi


texts: hit in the then East Pakistan. He sang playback hits in the same year like "Ae mere diwaney dil" (film Jahan tum wahan hum), "Socha tha pyar na karein ge" (film Ladla), "Usey dekha usey chaha usey bhool gaye" (film  Jahan tum wahan hum), "Teri aankhon ke bheegey sitarey" (film Ma Beta) and many more. Same year, <mask> recorded a song "Salam-e-mohabbat" for Mohammad Ali in Khawaja Khurshid Anwar's composition. <mask> sang for Waheed Murad in 1969 film Naseeb Apna Apna. The song "Ae abr-e-kaaram aaj itna baras" brought another Nigar award for him.The song was composed by Lal Mohammad Iqbal. He also won different awards for songs like "Dil tumko de diya hai" and "Hum se na bigar aye larki". Around the same year, he sang a duet with Mala in the film Baharei phir bhi ayen gi, "Khush naseebi hai meri" under the music direction of Shamim Nazli. In 1969, the film Andaleeb was released. <mask> recorded all the songs for Waheed Murad in this film. The song "Kuch log rooth ker bhi" was a hit. Its sad version was sung by Noor Jahan.Although he sang for every film hero in Pakistan, his pairing with Waheed Murad proved to be the most popular, in such movies as Armaan (1966); the song "Akele Na Jaana" from that movie in Sohail Rana's composition gained <mask> another Nigar Award. Well-known hits of Rushdi picturised on Waheed Murad such as "Lag rahi hai mujhey aaj sari faza ajnabi" or "Kuchh loag rooth kar bi" were composed by Nisar Bazmi, the legendary composer for Pakistani movies. <mask>-Nisar Bazmi pair and <mask>-Sohail Rana combination were two of the most successful

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Rushdi
Rushdi
Ahmed Rushdi
Rushdi
Ahmed Rushdi
Ahmed Rushdi


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 singer-music director pairs of Pakistan film music. 1970s and 1980s
The 1970s brought new faces such as Alamgir, Akhlaq <mask>, Ghulam Abbas, A Nayyar etc. But <mask> remained a leading singer of film industry. Film Bandagi, Naag Muni  and Baazi were released in 1971. <mask> had a playback in all the three films.He also won several awards for songs such as "Aik albeli si naar" (Naag Muni), "Tum bhi ho ajnabi" (Baazi) and "Poocho na hum ne kis liye" (Intezar). Perhaps, the song below never rang as true as it did after <mask>'s demise:
"Chore chalay hum chore chalay lo sheher tumhara chore chalay", film, Phir Chand Nikley Ga (1970) music, Sohail Rana. <mask> sang four solo  songs and one duet for Waheed in the film Khalish (1972). "Honto pe tera naam"( with Mala), "Kal achanak jo sar-e-rah mili thi", "Ghussey mei gulabi gaal" and "Pyar hota hai". Music director was  M. Ashraf. Around the same year, he sang for Mohammad Ali in the film Mohabbat. Rushdi recorded three songs in the film including a sad song "Khudara mohabbat na karna".Music director was Nisar Bazmi. In 1973, he recorded a qawwali "Dil torney waley" for the film Mehboob mera mastana. <mask> also recorded  a romantic number "Teri jabeen se chodhwin ka chand jhankta rahey" (film Nadan) for actor Rehman. He recorded a sad song "Angara mera mann" for film Jaal which was released same year. He was also fond of acting and appeared in thirteen films as an actor including Anokhi (1956), Kaneez (1965), Saat Lakh (1967) and Dekha Jaye Ga (1976). He also composed a music album in singer Mujeeb Aalam's voice. In

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Ahmed
Rushdi
Ahmed Rushdi
Ahmed Rushdi
Rushdi
Ahmed Rushdi


texts: 1974, film Anhoni was released.Waheed Murad and Aliya were in leading roles. Music director Lal Mohammad Iqbal recorded two songs in <mask>'s voice. "Hai kahan who kali" and a sad number "Mei tujhey Nazar kia doon". In the same year he sang for actor Shahid in film Dharkan. He recorded a romantic number "Rangat gulabi chehra kitabi" for Shahid. In 1975, <mask> recorded "Dil ko jalana hum ne chor diya" (Film Mohabbat Zindagi Hai). This song was picturised on Waheed Murad and gained country wide popularity.He sang another song "Mashriqi rang ko chor ke" for the same film. He recorded many songs for Pakistan television including "Dil mei tu hai", "Han issi mor pe" and "Bheegey hue mousam mei". Film Sharmeeli (1978) was his last movie with actor Nadeem as a playback singer. It was a successful musical film and songs gained popularity among the masses. <mask> recorded two songs for Nadeem, "Tu samney hai mere" and "Bheegey hue mousam mei". Same year he recorded a popular song for Mohammad Ali "Aagey aagey mohtarma peechey peechey mohtram" (Film Apka Khadim). He sang a classical number "Tere naina barey chit chor" for the film Jab Jab Phool Khiley next year.He also sang in films like Accident, Achey Mian, Bohut Khoob, Baarat and Aag Aur Zindagi. The year 1980 proved to be a nightmare for Pakistan film industry. The number of Urdu films decreased rapidly and the era of Punjabi films started. In those films there was a very little room available for male playback singers as those movies were completely dominated by the songs in mostly female voices. Immediately following

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Rushdi
Ahmed Rushdi
Rushdi


texts:
 the military installation of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq as president, measures were put in place to limit the distribution of music and the only source of entertainment was the government-owned television network Pakistan Television Corporation (PTV). While music videos were banned in the country. <mask> sang in films such as Farzana, Hanstey Aansoo, Haseena Maan Jaye Gi etc.but his glorious singing career was almost coming to an end. <mask> was not only singing for films, but he was equally a busy figure for Radio and Television also. He remained a leading singer  between 1954 and 1983. He sang for all the famous actors of Pakistan film industry. <mask> recorded his last song "Ban ke misra ghazal ka" in 1983 for film Hero, which was picturised on Waheed Murad and the song was a hit. He recorded a large number of duets in many languages with Noor Jahan, Zubaida Khanum, Runa Laila, Mala, Naheed Niazi, Irene Parveen, Naseem Begum, Mehnaz, Rubina Badar and Naheed Akhtar in his thirty-three-year singing career. Honorific title of Magician of voice

<mask> is credited with the honorific nickname of "Magician of voice" because of his ability of singing in different genres including happy, comedy, tragedy, qawwali, lullaby, patriotic, pop, revolutionary and folk.He was not only the first south asian vocalist to go pop but also inspired generations with his clear delivery, timely expressions and rendition of songs. He had the unique quality of giving expressions during singing along with producing sounds of different birds and objects. He recorded a song "Burhapey mein dill na

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Rushdi
Rushdi
Rushdi
Ahmed Rushdi


texts:
 lagana" in the film Jub Jub Phool Khile for actors Waheed Murad and Nadeem in both young and old voices in a single go which attracted huge admiration from music critics. First regular pop singer of South Asia

<mask> is considered to be the first regular pop singer of south asia as he introduced hip-hop, rock n roll, disco and other modern genres in South Asian music and has since then been adopted in Bangladesh, India and lately Nepal as a pioneering influence in their respective pop cultures. Following Rushdi's success, Christian bands specialising in jazz started performing at various night clubs and hotel lobbies in Karachi, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Dhaka and Lahore. They would usually sing either famous American jazz hits or cover <mask>'s songs. Rushdi sang playback hits along with Runa Laila until the Bangladesh Liberation War when East Pakistan was declared an independent state.Because of <mask>, Pakistani music industry has steadily spread throughout South Asia and today is the most popular genre in Pakistan and the neighbouring South Asian countries. Pop icons like Alamgir and Muhammad Ali Shehki later on followed Rushdi's landmarks in playback singing. Personal life

Marriage
<mask> married Humera on 30 November 1963. His wife died in 1992, nine years after <mask>. He belonged to a Sayed family (a sacred caste in muslims) and was a religious person. Despite his popularity and fame, <mask> never had any scandal in his entire career. He had three daughters.His younger daughter, <mask> used to sing her father's songs in his presence which always pleased <mask>

masks:
Ahmed Rushdi
Rushdi
Ahmed Rushdi
Ahmed Rushdi
Rushdi
Rushdi
Rana Rushdi
Rushdi


texts:
 a lot. He was against allowing his daughters to adopt singing as a profession. <mask> and Noor Jahan were the highest-paid singers in their time but <mask> did not charge those producers and music directors a single rupee, who could not afford him. The music director Lal Mohammad Iqbal made his entry into the Pakistan film industry, because Rushdi introduced him to different producers, which he disclosed after <mask>'s death. Likewise, the poet Masroor Anwer got his first film as <mask> insisted the music director Manzoor-Ashraf give Masroor a chance. Last years
In early 1980s, <mask> shifted to Karachi as he was not feeling well and wanted to have a proper heart treatment. He was also singing less for films and film music itself was facing a decline.The 1980s saw a nose-dive in the progress of cinema in Pakistan. Number of cinemas decreased rapidly and people preferred watching television over going to a cinema. Playback singing that once was popular now struggled to exist and the singers needed a new medium to start afresh. Even then, <mask>'s demand and popularity was still there with the music directors. He opened a music academy in order to teach music and playback singing to youngsters. <mask> never faced downfall as far as his singing career is concerned. Until the 1970s, <mask> was one of the leading voices in the subcontinent.He recorded fewer songs in his last years on the advice of doctors. Death

Since 1976, <mask> was a heart patient and his doctors advised him to abstain from singing, but <mask> refused by saying that music was his life. When he had

masks:
Ahmed Rushdi
Rushdi
Rushdi
Rushdi
Rushdi
Rushdi
Ahmed Rushdi
Rushdi
Ahmed Rushdi
Rushdi


texts:
 a second heart attack in 1981, he was composing a musical album in the voice of singer Mujeeb Aalam. On the night of 11 April 1983, he had a third heart attack. He was immediately taken to the hospital but pronounced dead by the doctors. He was 48. <mask> was buried at Sakhi Hassan Graveyard, Karachi.His last non film song was "Aaney walo suno" which was a duet with Mehnaz. On his death, actor Waheed Murad said. "Today I have lost my voice." He further said in an interview, "Sometimes I think that if I suddenly disappear or am no more for any reason, I would like to be remembered by the song ‘Bhooli hui hoon dastaan, guzra hua khayal hoon-Jisko na tum samajh sakay mien aisa aik sawal hoon’." (I’m a tale forgotten, a thought bygone. I’m the question which you couldn’t understand) which was also picturised on him in 1967 and sung by <mask>. After <mask>'s death, Waheed Murad as well as other friends and singers had appeared on a show to pay him a tribute; many of those same people appeared on the show six months later, reminiscing about Waheed as he also died.Popularity and influence
<mask> has changed the sound of film music in subcontinent and his impact has also been felt to the Indian and Bangladeshi film industries. He is widely regarded as one of the remarkable singers from south asia and was effective in every genre of singing including ghazals and qawwalis. Once music director Nisar Bazmi in an interview said, "<mask> and Mohammad Rafi are amongst those few singers in the subcontinent, whose voices did not form ‘cones’, as they rose and touch the higher

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Rushdi
Ahmed Rushdi
Rushdi
Ahmed Rushdi
Ahmed Rushdi


texts: notes. Their volumes rose up without getting squeaky!" Bazmi also quoted the song "Aisey bhi hain meharban" (film Jaisey jantey nahin) to prove that <mask> was also a master of serious singing. In another interview he said, "I was happy and amazed to find a Chinese group rendering this song on one occasion. People from abroad also sing <mask>'s songs which clearly indicates his popularity and influence."Indian playback singer Kishore Kumar, being an admirer of <mask>, paid him a tribute at Royal Albert Hall London by singing <mask>'s one of the songs "Aik urran khattola aye ga kisi lal pari ko laye ga". Sonu Nigaam, Shan and Kumar Sanu, who remained leading playback singers in Indian film industry also paid their tributes to <mask> and sang his songs. Actor Nadeem in a Television interview said, "<mask> had an amazing voice quality and he made my work easier." Many of his contemporaries compared his music with that of classically trained singers, although <mask> never had any influences from any classical singer. He is famously known as Magician of voice and his popularity also turned traditional classical singers against him but did not affect his fame and his death is termed as irreparable loss to the industry. Actor Waheed Murad declared <mask>'s song, "Bhooli hui hoon daastan", his favorite song. Music directors like M. Ashraf and Nisar Bazmi also hold centaury partnerships with <mask> and they have composed hundreds of songs for him.According to complete songography, M. Ashraf composed 734 songs in 211 films for <mask> but available figures indicate a

masks:
Rushdi
Rushdi
Ahmed Rushdi
Rushdi
Rushdi
Ahmed Rushdi
Rushdi
Rushdi
Ahmed Rushdi
Rushdi


texts: composition of 132 songs in 100 films for him. The first film of this pair was Speran in 1961 and the last was Hero in 1983. In 2018, <mask>'s impact forced Coke Studio Pakistan (season 11) to produce a remake of <mask>'s first South Asian pop song "Ko Ko Korina" in the voices of Momina Mustehsan and Ahad Raza Mir which raised nationwide hue and cry to the extent that Minister for Human Rights in Pakistan Shireen Mazari had to come out in media to term the remake as "horrendous" since the classic was widely believed to be destroyed by both singers. <mask> influenced many singers in music industry including A Nayyar, Mujeeb Aalam, Naheed Niazi, Runa Laila and Bashir Ahmad (singer). He is included in those artists around the world who continue to be popular and enjoy a huge fan base even after their

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Ahmed Rushdi
Rushdi
Ahmed Rushdi


texts:
<mask> (9 March 1811 – 2 October 1854) was a French Catholic nun and the founder of the Sisters of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception of Castres. After she died her cause of canonization was opened. She was beatified in 2009 after a miracle attributed to her intercession was ratified. She was approved for sainthood in 2014 and was canonized by Pope Francis on 17 May 2015. Biography

Early life
<mask>, also named <mask>, was born in Toulouse, on 9 March 1811 From an early age, she lived in Hauterive Castle (near Castres), where her sick mother had withdrawn for treatment. She lost her mother at the age of 14 in 1815, followed by her sister Octavie in 1818. After her mother's death, she lived some time in Toulouse where her grandmother supported her education and that of her sisters.At the age 19, <mask> was back at Hauterive, where she managed family life, mitigating of this task her father, then mayor of Castres (from 1826 to 1830). She planned to join the "Daughters of Charity". But during the cooling off period imposed by her father, she created (with the approval of her bishop), and in collaboration with two companions, the Congregation of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception on 8 December 1836. The religious community rapidly became known under the name of "Blue sisters of Castres" because of the color of their clothes. In the anonymity of a house in Castres, with her companions, she served the poor: young workers, sick people, prostitutes and those who were convicted in prison. Then, the congregation saw the growing number of its sisters, and its influence extended to Africa (Senegal, Gambia, and Gabon). The charism of <mask>
<mask> called on others to become missionaries wherever they were, daring to take a stand for justice, peace, respect and attention to the smallest in all our places of life, to do all this out of love,

masks:
Émilie de Villeneuve
Jeanne Emilie de Villeneuve
Émilie de Villeneuve
de Villeneuve
Émilie
De Villeneuve


texts:
 according to the motto taken by the congregation: "to go where the voice of the poor calls us".This charism explained the scope and diversity of the competences displayed by the community members: education, health and participation in the life of local church. Funding and development of the congregation
De Villeneuve founded the Congregation of the Sisters of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception on 8 December 1836. Constitutions were approved in 1842 (revised in 2004). Twelve years after the establishment of the congregation, it started to expand in Africa in 1848, then in Europe in 1903, in Latin America in 1904–1905, and eventually in the Asia Pacific region in 1998. Today, there are around 600 members spread in 124 communities in 18 countries: France, Spain, Italy, Senegal, Burkina Faso, Benin, Gabon, RD Congo, Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, Venezuela, Mexico, Haiti and in the Philippines. The beatification process
During the Generalate of Mother Sylvie Azaïs, Superioress General from 1921 to 1936, the congregation began to copy and classify handwritten documents, in order to deepen the knowledge of the spirituality of Villeneuve. It was in 1945, that Superior General Mother Marie Agathe Vernadat (1936-1947) began studying the writings of the late founder for the cause of canonization.On 18 August 1947, during the General Chapter, Superior General Mother Germaine Sapene communicated the decision of the council to introduce in Rome the cause of Villeneuve. The process began on 25 August 1948 under the chairmanship of the Archbishop of Albi, Jean-Joseph-Aimé Moussaron. As the cause was launched 94 years after the death of the newly proclaimed Servant of God, it was considered "historical cause". The opening of the diocesan process was held on 25 August 1948. The exhumation of the body of <mask>uve took place on 20