texts:
 like fetching water for ablution (). He would pray () with Muhammad and follow him on his assemblies, journeys and expeditions. It is said that Muhammad would often draw him close, pat him on the shoulder and pray, "O God! Teach him (the knowledge of) the Book (Qur'an) ". Muhammad had also supplicated for him to attain discernment in religion. <mask> kept following Muhammad, memorizing and learning his teaching.Muhammad's statement

In , Muhammad fell into his last illness. During this period, the Hadith of the pen and paper was reported, with <mask> as the first-level narrator, at that time about twelve years old. Days after that, <mask> and Ali supported Muhammad's weight on their shoulder, as Muhammad was too weak to walk unaided. 632–634: Abu Bakr's era

Inheritance from Muhammad

<mask><mask> was thirteen years old when Muhammad died. After Abu Bakr came to power, <mask> and his father were among those who unsuccessfully requested part of Muhammad's inheritance. Abu Bakr said that he had heard Muhammad say that prophets do not leave inheritance behind as a divine rule. Continued education
After Muhammad's era, he continued to collect and learn Muhammad's teaching from Muhammad's companions (), especially those who knew him the longest.He would consult multiple Sahaba to confirm narrations, and would go to as many as thirty Companions to verify a single matter. Once he heard that a Sahaba knew a hadith unknown to him. In addition to his own scholarship, <mask> was a teacher. His house from where he taught became the equivalent of a university. One of his companions described a typical scene in front of his house:

He held classes on one

masks:
Ibn Abbas
Ibn Abbas
Abbas
Ibn '
Abbas
Ibn Abbas
Ibn Abbas


type: original

texts:
 single subject each day. His classes covered topics such as tafsir, fiqh, Halal and Haraam, ghazawa, poetry, Arab history before Islam, inheritance laws, Arabic language and etymology. 634–644: Umar's era

Advising Umar
Umar often sought the advice of <mask>qas said:

656–661: Ali's era

Battle of Siffin

<mask> remained a staunch supporter of the fourth Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib, during Ali's war with Muawiyah, including at the Battle of Siffin.He had also been given the position of governor of Basra during Ali's reign as Caliph. A large group of Ali's army were discontented with the outcome of Ali's war with Muawiyah, and broke off into a separate group that became known as the Khawarij or Kharijites. <mask> played a key role in convincing a large number of them to return to Ali; 20,000 of 24,000 according to some sources. He did so using his knowledge of Muhammad's biography, in particular, the events of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. 680–683: Yazid's era
Sunnis believe that <mask> was in favour of the unity of the Muslims and hence did not revolt against rulers. He advised Husayn ibn Ali against his proposed expedition to Kufa that ended at Karbala. Wives and children
By a Yemenite princess named Zahra bint Mishrah, <mask> had seven children.<mask>, the first born, who was childless. Ali ibn Abdullah (died 736), who was the grandfather of the first two Abbasid caliphs, who replaced the Umayyads in 750. Muhammad, who was childless. Ubaydullah, who was childless. Al-Fadl, who was childless. (Riverine Sudanese trace their ancestry to al-Fadl through a son named Saeed, whose mother is said to be from the Ansar). Saad had two children
 Lubaba, who

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Ibn Abbasaq
Ibn Abbas
Ibn Abbas
ibn Abbas
Ibn Abbas
Al Abbas


texts:
 married Ali ibn Abdullah ibn Jaafar and had descendants.He had another daughter, Asma, by a concubine; she married her cousin Abdullah ibn Ubaydullah ibn <mask> and had two sons. Hadith transmitted by him
<mask> narrated that Muhammad said, "Two favours are treated unjustly by most people: health and free time." (from Sahih Bukhari, at-Tirmidhi, ibn Majah and al-Nasa'i)

<mask> reported: Muhammad said, "He who does not memorize any part from the Qur'an, he is like the ruined house." (from Tirmidhi)

On the authority of <mask>, who said, "One day I was behind (i.e. riding behind him on the same mount) the Prophet and he said to me: 'Young man, I shall teach you some words (of advice). Be mindful of Allah, and Allah will protect you. Be mindful of Allah, and you will find Him in front of you.If you ask, ask of Allah; if you seek help, seek help of Allah. Know that if the nation were to gather together to benefit you with anything, it would benefit you only with something that Allah had already prescribed for you, and if they gather together to harm you with anything, they would harm you only with something Allah had already prescribed for you. The pens have been lifted and the pages have dried." (from Tirmidhi)

Al Hakim records on the authority of <mask> that Muhammad advanced, carrying upon his back Hassan ibn Ali, and a man met him and said, 'an excellent steed thou ridest, lad!'. Muhammad replied, 'and he is an excellent rider.' Ali ibn Husam Adin (commonly known as al-Mutaki al-Hindi) records that <mask> narrated that Muhammad said the following about his deceased aunt Fatima, the mother of Ali: "I (Muhammad) put on her my shirt that she

masks:
Abbas
Ibn Abbas
Ibn Abbas
Ibn Abbas
ibn Abbas
ibn Abbas


texts:
 may wear the clothes of heaven, and I lay in her grave that I may lessen the pressure of the grave. She was the best of Allah’s creatures to me after Abu Talib".Legacy
As ʿAbd-Allah's knowledge grew, he grew in stature. Masruq ibn al Ajda said of him:
<mask> is highly respected by both Shia and Sunnis. The 1924 Cairo edition Quran adopted the chronological order of chapters promulgated by <mask>ās, which subsequently became widely accepted following 1924. His descendants

Views
<mask> viewed that Tafsir can be divided in four categories:
 The category the Arabs knew because of its language
 Those of ignorance, of which no one will be excused
 Those the scholars know
 Those no one knows except Allah ( )

Sunni view

Sunni view him as the most knowledgeable of the Companions in tafsir. A book entitled Tanwir al-Miqbas min Tafsir <mask> is tafsir, all explanations of which may go back to <mask>. Of all narrations transmitted by <mask>, 1660 were considered authentic () by the authors of the two Sahihs. Regarding <mask> giving verdicts () in favor of Nikah Mut'ah, most Sunnis view that Ali corrected him on the matter, while other view that "<mask> position on the permissibility of Mut'ah until his last day is proven" per the Hadith of <mask>-Zubayr and Mut'ah.Sunnis describe thus:

See also
List of Islamic scholars
Sunni view of the Sahaba

References

External links
Narrations from <mask> in Tasfir ibn Kathir
Hadith by <mask> <mask> Collected By Bukhari

Sahabah hadith narrators
Family of Muhammad
Quranic exegesis scholars
Islam articles needing attention
7th-century Muslim scholars of Islam
619 births
687 deaths
Banu <mask>
Rashidun governors

masks:
Ibn Abbas
Ibn Abb
Ibn Abbas
Ibn Abbas
Ibn Abbas
Ibn Abbas
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Ibn al
Ibn Abbas
Abdullah Ibn
Abbas
Abbas


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<mask>, 4th Baron <mask> (19 July 1938 – 8 September 2007) was a British politician. He was a historian of Central and Eastern Europe. He was also a translator and human rights activist. He sat in the House of Lords as a Conservative from 1967 to 1999. He served as an appointed member of the European Assembly from 1975 to 1979, and as an elected Member of the European Parliament from 1979 to 1994, and from 1999 to 2003. Early life
Bethell's parents were <mask> (11 April 1904 – 17 October 1964) and Ann Margaret Frances (née Barlow; 27 September 1919 - 17 August 1996). His father was a stockbroker who served in the Royal Artillery in the Second World War.His father was the third son of <mask>, a banker and Liberal politician, who became 1st Baron <mask> in 1922. His mother was the daughter of Lieutenant Colonel Robert Barlow. His parents divorced in 1946. His mother subsequently remarried three times. Education
Bethell was educated at Harrow. He trained as a Russian interpreter during his National Service from 1956 to 1958, and studied Oriental Languages at Pembroke College, Cambridge, specialising in Arabic and Persian. He graduated in 1962, and befriended Polish students in Cambridge.He resumed his education at Cambridge as a mature student, and earned his PhD in 1987. Political and literary career
After he graduated, Bethell worked for the Times Literary Supplement from 1962 to 1964, and was a script editor for the BBC Radio Drama department from 1964 to 1967. The protest of 88 and Index on Censorship
Professor emeritus at Georgetown University  Peter

masks:
Nicholas William Bethell
Bethell
William Gladstone Bethell
John Bethell
Bethell


texts:
 Reddaway describes in some detail the role of Bethell and his close acquaintance Alexander Dolberg in "sabotaging samizdat". In 1968, for instance, Bethell supplied The Sunday Times with the text of a long, anonymous protest against the invasion of Czechoslovakia (published by The Sunday Times on 11 September) which was signed, so he asserted, by "88 of the leading Moscow progressive writers". The BBC and Radio Liberty were offered the same text by Dolberg (under his pen name "David Burg") but, unlike The Sunday Times, did not agree to publicize it. At a time when prominent writers, scientists and public figures throughout the USSR had openly signed letters of protest against the January 1968 trial of Alexander Ginzburg and Yury Galanskov, and eight rights activists had demonstrated on 25 August that year on Red Square against the invasion of Czechoslovakia a few days earlier, the "anonymous protest" was regarded, at the least, as a hoax. Neither its author nor any more than three of its signatories were subsequently identified.One consequence of this debacle was that Michael Scammell rather than <mask> was chosen in 1971 to be director of Writers and Scholars International, the new NGO which founded the quarterly Index on Censorship periodical. House of Lords
<mask>'s father died in 1964, and he inherited the barony on the unexpected early death of his cousin Guy Anthony <mask>, 3rd Baron <mask> on 2 December 1967. He sat in the House of Lords as a Conservative until the House of Lords Act 1999 removed most hereditary peers from the chamber. He was

masks:
Nicholas Bethell
Nicholas Bethell
John Bethell
Bethell


texts:
 appointed as a Lord in Waiting (a government whip in the House of Lords) in June 1970, after the 1970 general election. Controversy
Fluent in Russian and Polish, Bethell often translated the works of Russian and Polish writers into English. After he published a translation in 1968, together with David Burg, of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's Cancer Ward, an article by Auberon Waugh in Private Eye (1971) suggested Bethell had published the work without permission, and had enabled the Soviet authorities to arrest Solzhenitsyn for circulating anti-Soviet propaganda. Bethell brought a libel suit against Private Eye and resigned as a whip in January 1971 to pursue the litigation.(The case was eventually settled out of court.) The controversy denied him a place on Edward Heath's list of Conservative candidates to be appointed to the European Parliament. Heath refused to discuss the matter with him, but government papers released in 2002 under the 30-year rule revealed that Bethell's contacts with people in Communist Russia and Poland were thought to be a security risk. Solzhenitsyn reopened the issue after he was deported from the Soviet Union, claiming that he had not authorised a Slovak dissident, Pavel Licko, to give the manuscript to Bethell, and that Licko was a Soviet agent. Licko's side of the story was given, many years later, in an issue of the Kritika i Kontekst magazine. Bethell rejected these claims, pointing out that Solzhenitsyn had accepted royalties from the publication of the translation over the years. Solzhenitsyn first came to Western attention with


texts:
 the publication in the USSR of "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich" (1962) and its subsequent translation into many languages (it was translated at least five times into English).Thereafter, reports of his literary activities and constant harassment by the authorities kept him in the public eye. In 1970 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, although the Soviet authorities obstructed him from receiving the award until he was deported from the USSR in 1974. European Parliament
Bethell's political fortunes changed when Margaret Thatcher became leader of the Conservative Party. He was nominated to become a member of the European Parliament from 1975 to 1979, and sat as an elected MEP for London Northwest from 1979 to 1994. He set up the "Freedom of the Skies" in 1980, campaigning to force airlines to reduce their prices which he believed were artificially inflated by a cartel. Perceived as too European, he was not re-elected in 1994, but returned to the European Parliament as an MEP for the new regional constituency of London at the 1999 European Parliament election. At the same election, his second wife Bryony was an unsuccessful candidate on the Conservative Party list for the South East England seat.Bethell was awarded the European People's Party's Robert Schuman Medal on his retirement from the European Parliament in October 2003. Bethell was staunchly anti-communist. In such books as Betrayed, he strongly supported the Anglo-American efforts to overthrow the Communist regimes of Eastern Europe. What Bethell criticised was the execution of such


texts:
 operations, not their goal. He used his European post to campaign for the human rights of dissidents in the Soviet bloc, including Andrei Sakharov and Anatoly Sharansky. He took a leading role in the foundation of the Sakharov Prize, awarded by the European Parliament since 1988. After the fall of Communism, he continued to support critics of the Russian government, such as Vladimir Gusinsky and Alexander Litvinenko.He was also one of the first people to interview Nelson Mandela at Pollsmoor Prison in 1985. Awards
He became a Commander of the Polish Order of Merit in 1991, and received a Russian Presidential Award in 1992. Bethell was the president of the Uxbridge Conservative Association from 1995 to 1999. He was active in the movement to keep Gibraltar British, serving as president of the Friends of Gibraltar's Heritage from 1992 to 2001. For this he received the Freedom of the City of Gibraltar and the Gibraltar Medallion of Honour in 2008. He also opposed the Turkish occupation of northern Cyprus, and was president of the Friends of Cyprus Association from 2001. Private life
Bethell married twice.He married, firstly, Cecilia Mary Lothian Honeyman on 7 April 1964. She was the daughter of Alexander Honeyman, professor of Oriental Languages at St Andrews University. They had two sons, James and William, but divorced in 1971; she died in 1977. He remarried in 1992, to Bryony Lea Morgan Griffiths. They had one son, John. They resided in London. He enjoyed playing tennis and poker, and was a member of the Garrick Club and Pratt's.He suffered from Parkinson's


texts:
 disease in later life, dying at age 69. He was survived by his second wife, and his three sons. He was succeeded in the barony by his eldest son, <mask>, 5th Baron Bethell. Works
Wladyslaw Gomulka: his Poland and his communism, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1969. The War Hitler Won, September 1939, London: A. Lane 1972. The Last Secret : forcible repatriation to Russia 1944-7, with introduction by Hugh Trevor-Roper, London : Deutsch, 1974.Russia Besieged, Alexandria, Va. : Time-Life Books, 1977. The Palestine Triangle: the struggle between the British, the Jews and the Arabs, 1935–48, London : Deutsch, 1979. Betrayed, London: Times Books, 1984; published in North America as The great betrayal: the untold story of Kim Philby's biggest coup, Toronto: Hodder & Stoughton, 1984. Spies and Other Secrets, 1994. Translations
Six Plays by Slawomir Mrozek. Elegy to John Donne, And Other Poems, London: Longmans 1967 by Joseph Brodsky. Cancer Ward by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, 1968.The Love Girl and the Innocent by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, 1969. The Ascent of Mount Fuji by Chingiz Aitmatov, 1975. References
Daily Telegraph obituary, 11 September 2007
Obituary, The Guardian, 11 September 2007
Obituary, The Independent, 13 September 2007
The Peerage

Notes

External links
Presentation of the Schuman Medal to Lord <mask> MEP (archived copy)

1938 births
2007 deaths
Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge
British activists
British anti-communists
Conservative Party (UK) MEPs
Conservative Party (UK) Baronesses- and Lords-in-Waiting
Deaths from Parkinson's

masks:
James Bethell
Bethell


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 disease
Neurological disease deaths in England
Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
People educated at Harrow School
Writers from London
MEPs for the United Kingdom 1973–1979
MEPs for England 1979–1984
MEPs for England 1984–1989
MEPs for England 1989–1994
MEPs for England 1999–2004
Commanders of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland
20th-century British historians
Conservative Party (UK) hereditary


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<mask> (born c. 1955) is an attorney and higher education leader. After serving in private practice with a large Kansas City--based law firm, he joined the University of Missouri System as General Counsel  2008. The UM System, headquartered in Columbia, Missouri, includes four doctoral granting public research universities and a fully integrated academic medical center. He served as Interim President of the UM System from January 2011 to February 2012 and then returned to his previous position as General Counsel. Later, he was named Interim Chancellor of the System’s flagship university, the University of Missouri-Columbia, and served in that position from November 2013 to February 2014 after which he again returned to his previous position as General Counsel. Among the events that occurred on his watch as president was the decision in 2011 for the university system's flagship school, the University of Missouri in Columbia, to move from the Big 12 Conference (which it had a relationship from its predecessor in 1907) to the Southeastern Conference. Early life
<mask> was born in Kansas City, Missouri and attended Glendale High School in Springfield, Missouri, where he was student body president.He was the third generation of his family to attend the University of Missouri. While at MU he was a member of the varsity tennis team and tapped into honor societies QEBH and Omicron Delta Kappa. After graduating from the University of Missouri in 1977 with a BS in Public Administration, <mask> attended Wake Forest University School of Law. He received his JD in 1980 and then clerked for the Honorable William Robert Collinson, United States Judge for the Western District of Missouri. In 1981 <mask> joined the Kansas City, Missouri law firm Stinson, Mag, & Fizzell (now Stinson LLP). While at the law firm, he was named partner; served on the firm's board of directors and its executive committee; and chaired the firm's litigation department and its complex litigation and class action division. He has been selected for "The Best Lawyers in America" and "The Kansas and

masks:
Steve Owens
Owens
Owens
Owens


texts:
 Missouri Super Lawyers" peer listings and he has Martindale Hubble's highest ratings (AV Preeminent) for competence and ethics.As part of his private practice, <mask> and law partner Robert Lattinville launched a sports law group that grew to include Norm Stewart, Rick Majerus, Cheryl Burnett, Jackie Stiles and others as clients. <mask> and Lattinville were designated "Preferred Counsel" by the Women Basketball Coaches Association. University of Missouri
In January 2008, <mask> became General Counsel for the University of Missouri System. When university president Gary D. Forsee unexpectedly announced his resignation to care for his sick wife, <mask> was appointed Interim President of the university in January 2011. During the time <mask> was Interim President, the university faced an 8% reduction in state support and a projected $42 million revenue shortfall, but balanced its $2.7 billion budget and provided faculty and staff with their first pay raise in three years. Also during <mask>' tenure, the university's 50-year-old pension plan was reformed; student enrollment continued to grow; and the academic credentials of incoming student continued to improve. He also expanded the University's ethics hotline and promulgated a rule reiterating academic freedom for faculty and protecting classroom discussions for students.In 2011, while <mask> was Interim President, the longstanding and lucrative relationship between the University of Missouri-Columbia and the Big 12 athletic conference was thrown into turmoil after Texas A&M University announced it was moving to the SEC and the University of Oklahoma announced it would explore its options to realign with another athletic conference (the University of Nebraska and University of Colorado had left the year before). Looking to get stability for its athletic program and budget, <mask> worked with the university's governing board and campus leaders to move the school to the SEC. The university became a member of the SEC effective July 1, 2012. In November 2013, <mask> was named Interim Chancellor of the

masks: Owens Owens Owens Owens Owens Owens Owens Owens Owens


texts:
 University of Missouri-Columbia ("MU"), a comprehensive research university with over 30,000 students, several graduate and professional schools and a fully integrated academic medical center. MU is a member of the Association of American Universities (AAU). As Interim Chancellor he prepared a billion dollar budget and stabilized an executive leadership team following the recent retirements and resignations of the Chancellor, Provost, two Vice Chancellors and a unit Director. Also during his tenure, his previous work in moving MU to the SEC came to fruition.The football team reached the SEC championship game and won the Cotton Bowl, and <mask> served as head of the official delegations. As General Counsel, <mask> oversees the UM System’s Office of the General Counsel. The OGC consists of 15 lawyers and 5 support staff members, and it is responsible for hiring and monitoring outside counsel. During his time as General Counsel, <mask> has emphasized greater client service and increased productivity through quality hiring, office reorganization, subject matter specialization and greater use of technology. He is a member of the National Association of College and University Attorneys (NACUA), an organization consisting of over 1,600 institutional and 5,000 individual attorney members. He has been named to the NACUA’s Board of Directors twice and served on the its four-member Executive Committee and as its Treasurer. On December 2, 2021, <mask> announced he would step down as General Counsel of the University effective March 1, 2022.He will join the Husch Blackwell law firm in his hometown of Kansas City. After his announcement, the University's governing board passed a resolution honoring <mask> for his achievements and granting him the title of General Counsel Emeritus. In February 2022, the Stephen J. <mask> Conference Room was named after him in historic Jesse Hall. References

External links

Presidents of the University of Missouri System
1956 births
People from Springfield, Missouri
University of Missouri alumni
Wake Forest University

masks: Owens Owens Owens Owens Owens Owens


texts:
Mary "<mask><mask> (25 March 1862 – 17 October 1938) was an English artisan, embroidery designer, jeweller, socialist, and editor. She was the younger daughter of the Pre-Raphaelite artist and designer <mask> and his wife and artists' model, <mask>. Biography

<mask> was born on 25 March 1862 at Red House, Bexleyheath, and named Mary, as she was born on the Feast of the Annunciation. <mask> learned to embroider from her mother and her aunt Bessie Burden, who had been taught by <mask>. In 1878, she enrolled at the National Art Training School, precursor of the Royal College of Art. In 1885, aged 23, she became the Director of the Embroidery Department at her father's enterprise Morris & Co. During her time in the role she was responsible for producing a range of designs, which were frequently misattributed as her father's work. She ran this department until her father's death in 1896, where she moved into an advisory role.In 1886, <mask> fell in love with Henry Halliday Sparling (1860–1924), secretary of the Socialist League. Despite her mother's concerns about her future son-in-law, they married on 14 June 1890 at Fulham Register Office. The Sparlings were divorced in 1898, and <mask> resumed her maiden name. In 1907, she founded the Women’s Guild of Arts with Mary Elizabeth Turner, as the Art Workers Guild did not admit women. She edited her father's Collected Works in 24 volumes for Longmans, Green and Company, published from 1910 to 1915, and, after his death, commissioned two houses to be built in the style that he loved in the village of Kelmscott in the Cotswolds. Her companion at Kelmscott from 1917 until her death was Mary Lobb, a Land Army volunteer in the village. <mask> died at

masks:
May
" Morris
William Morris
Jane Morris
May Morris
May
William Morris
May
May
May Morris


texts:
 Kelmscott Manor on 17 October 1938.Embroidery

<mask> was an influential embroideress and designer, although her contributions are often overshadowed by those of her father, a towering figure in the Arts and Crafts movement. She continued his resurrection of free-form embroidery in the style which would be termed art needlework. Art needlework emphasized freehand stitching and delicate shading in silk thread thought to encourage self-expression in the needleworker in sharp contrast with the brightly coloured Berlin wool work needlepoint and its "paint by numbers" aesthetic which had gripped much of home embroidery in the mid-19th century. <mask> was also active in the Royal School of Art Needlework (now Royal School of Needlework), founded as a charity in 1872 under the patronage of Princess Helena to maintain and develop the art of needlework through structured apprenticeships. The school originally opened in the autumn of 1872 in rooms in Sloane Street, London, with a staff of twenty women overseen by Lady Welby and Mrs Dolby, an "authority in ecclesiastical work". While the course available in the government schools of design for women was theoretical only, the RSAN had the distinct advantage of a practical, hands-on technical training. The school grew rapidly, and by 1875 had moved into their third locale, conveniently located in Exhibition Road next to the South Kensington Museum.The collections of ancient embroidery in the Museum were studied in an effort to understand and relearn old work. Also among the staff at the RSAN were <mask>'s sister, Elizabeth Burden, who was chief technical instructor from 1880, and designers Deborah Birnbaum (c1889) and Nellie Whichelo (c1890). <mask>

masks:
May Morris
May Morris
Jane Morris
May Morris


texts:
 taught embroidery at the LCC Central School of Art in London from 1897, and was head of the Embroidery department from 1899 until 1905, thereafter continuing her association with the Central School as Visitor until 1910. She also taught at Birmingham, Leicester and Hammersmith Art School. By 1916, there were many art schools under the LCC umbrella that included embroidery in their curriculum. Among the embroidery instructors were sisters Ellen M Wright and Fanny I Wright, both previously employed in the Embroidery Department at Morris & Co., and trained by <mask>. Ellen M Wright also taught at the Clapham School of Art, aided by Miss F Pooley, and Eleanor R Harriss and Mrs L Frampton taught at the Hammersmith School of Arts & Crafts.Jewellery
Morris also designed and made jewellery. She began to design jewellery around the turn of the 20th century, and was probably inspired by the Birmingham jewellers Arthur and Georgie Gaskin, who were old family friends. Examples of her jewellery were donated by Mary Lobb to the Victoria and Albert Museum and Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales. Publications

  Decorative Needlework. London: Joseph Hughes & Co., 1893.
 ed and Introd. Collected Works of William Morris. 24 v. London: Longmans, Green, 1910–1915.New York: Russell & Russell, 1966. "Coptic Textiles". Architectural Review 5 (1899), 274–287. "Chain Stitch Embroidery". Century Guild Hobby Horse 3 (1888), 25–29. "Line Embroidery". Art Workers' Quarterly 1:4 (October 1902), 117–121."Opus Anglicanum – The Syon Cope". Burlington Magazine 6 (October 1904 – March 1905), 278–285. "Opus Anglicanum II – The Ascoli Cope". Burlington Magazine 6 (October 1904 – March 1905), 440–448. "Opus Anglicanum III –


texts:
 The Pienza Cope". Burlington Magazine 7 (April–September 1905), 54–65. "Opus Anglicanum at the Burlington Fine Arts Club".Burlington Magazine 7 (April–September 1905), 302–309. "<mask>". Letter. Times Literary Supplement. 905 (22 May 1919), 280. "<mask>". Letter.Times Literary Supplement. 1685 (17 May 1934). Notes

References
Daly, Gay, Pre-Raphaelites in Love, Ticknor & Fields, 1989, . Hulse, Lynn, editor <mask>: Art & Life. New Perspectives, Friends of the William Morris Gallery, 2017 . Lochnan, Katharine, Douglas E. Schoenherr, and Carole Silver, editors: The Earthly Paradise: Arts and Crafts by <mask> and His Circle from Canadian Collections Key Porter Books, 1996, . Marsh, Jan, Jane and <mask>: A Biographical Story 1839–1938, London, Pandora Press, 1986
 Marsh, Jan, Jane and <mask>: A Biographical Story 1839–1938 (updated edition, privately published by author), London, 2000
 Anna Mason, Jan Marsh, Jenny Lister, Rowan Bain and Hanne Faurby, authors <mask>: Arts & Crafts Designer.V&A/Thames and Hudson, 2017 . Naylor, Gillian: <mask> by Himself: Designs and Writings, London, Little Brown & Co. 2000 reprint of 1988 edition. Todd, Pamela, Pre-Raphaelites at Home, New York, Watson-Guptill Publications, 2001,
 Thomas, Zoe 'At Home with the Women's Guild of Arts: gender and professional identity in London studios, c. 1990-1925', article, Women's History Review 2015

External links

 Decorative Needlework by <mask>, 1893
 Works by <mask> at William Morris Gallery

Arts and Crafts movement artists
English designers
Embroidery designers
English artists' models
1938 deaths
1862 births
Morris & Co.
English socialists
People educated at Notting Hill & Ealing High School
Members of the Fabian

masks:
William Morris
William Morris
May Morris
William Morris
May Morris
May Morris
May Morris
William Morris
May Morris
May Morris


texts:
<mask> (born April 7, 1929) is an American businessman who served as CEO of Braniff Airways, Air Florida, and Pan American World Airways. He is currently a principal at Intrepid Equity Group. Early years

<mask> was born in Dallas, Texas, on April 7, 1929   His father was a railroad worker and farmer but his mother was vice president of one of the largest architectural firms in Dallas, Texas. She served as National President of Women In Construction. <mask> has stated that they never tried to influence his career path or decisions. He skipped second and eighth grades and attended North Texas State University (now the University of North Texas) during his Freshman year where he played basketball. <mask> is 6 foot 4 inches tall and weighs 215 lbs.He transferred to and graduated from Southern Methodist University where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics and Psychology. After graduation <mask> went to work as a management trainee at U.S. Tire and Rubber, Co. where he was employed for two and a half years eventually being elevated to District Sales Manager. Not wanting to be a tire salesman, he then took a position as a broker in Dallas with former SMU classmates who had formed a brokering firm. He was a broker for three years when investment counseling firm Lionel D. Edie, asked <mask> to open a Dallas, Texas office. He was with Lionel D. <mask> for seven years supervising sales and counseling. He then accepted a position as Chief Financial Officer of the Greatamerica Corporation, who was a Lionel D. Edie client, and led Greatamerica's takeover of Braniff International Airways and National Car Rental in 1964. Braniff International Airways

Acker traveled to Los Angeles, California in 1964 to discuss a possible merger between a revitalized Braniff under the administration of Greatamerica and Continental Airlines.<mask> met with Continental's legendary founder and Chairman Robert Six to discuss the possible merger which would put both companies under the Greatamerica umbrella. It was here that <mask> met Continental's dynamic Executive Vice President Harding

masks:
Charles Edward Acker
Acker
Acker
Acker
Acker
Acker
Edie
Acker
Acker


texts: Lawrence. During the ten years that Lawrence had been at Continental he presided over an unprecedented 500 percent growth of the airline. Lawrence was virtually running the entire airline as Six relinquished control of the airline to his trusted associate, Lawrence. Six was quoted as saying "the reason Continental merged with Pioneer Airlines of Houston, Texas, was to get Harding." <mask> knew little of the airline business not even knowing the basic measurements of airline performance such as RPM or revenue passenger mile. He requested that Braniff send someone over to teach <mask> the ins and outs of running an airline as far flung as Braniff.He was tutored by Braniff Vice President Tom Robertson who was shocked to learn that he knew little about the complex airline business. However, he picked up the jargon quickly and graduated from Tom Robertson's quick airline operations course. However, he felt the task of running an airline like Braniff to be daunting. Harding Lawrence had discussed with him at length exactly what Lawrence felt could be done with Braniff. With this in mind, <mask> recommended that Lawrence be selected as Braniff's new President and <mask> would serve as Executive Vice President - Planning and Administration, and be charged with the areas of finance and administration. He would spend 60 percent of his time at Braniff and 40 percent at Greatamerica. This would end in 1967 when LTV Ling Temco Vought bought Greatamerica and Braniff in 1967, when he would spend all of his time at Braniff.In February 1967, he was promoted to Executive Vice President and General Manager in October 1968. As second-in-command at Braniff, <mask> negotiated with Pan Am CEO Juan Trippe to purchase routes to the west coast of South America (PANAGRA), and introduced a hub and spoke routing system in order to feed Braniff's Boeing 747 flight between Dallas and Honolulu. He was promoted to the Presidency of Braniff in 1970 while his close associate Harding Lawrence, was elevated to Chairman of the Texas-based air carrier. It was at Braniff that he realized his like for the

masks: Acker Acker Acker Acker Acker


texts:
 aviation industry. Transway and Gulf United

<mask> left Braniff in 1975 to accept the presidency of Transway International, a transportation conglomerate based in New York City. He remained with Transway for one year and then became President of Gulf United, Co.  Gulf United was formed when Dallas based LTV Ling Temco Vought decided to sell some of the assets of Braniff's former parent company Greatamerica, Corporation. Gulf United entered into the broadcasting industry by opening television and radio stations across the country.The insurance assets of Gulf United were sold to American General and Gulf Broadcasting was merged with Taft Broadcasting Corporation. Air Florida

Shortly thereafter, <mask> led a group of investors who purchased a controlling interest in Air Florida, a low-cost carrier which reminded <mask> of his competition with Southwest in Texas. After airline deregulation in 1978, <mask> led the rapid expansion of Air Florida to become a nationwide and international air carrier, which quickened in the early 1980s amid problems at its main East Coast competitors, Pan Am and Eastern Air Lines. Air Florida's growth under <mask> was exemplary with the carrier only serving six routes in January, 1978, but by the end of 1978 the small carrier was flying 17 routes. By January, 1981, Air Florida was flying to 32 destinations in the Continental United States, Latin America, the Caribbean and Europe. <mask>'s recipe for success was centering the carrier's fleet around the highly efficient and successful Boeing 737 twin jet aircraft. The airline purchase 21 of the efficient twin jets and adhered to a one fare pricing structure.<mask> was able to keep overhead costs low as the airline's 1800 employees were mostly not unionized. However, Air Florida was forced to file bankruptcy after the crash of Air Florida Flight 90 in 1982. Pan American World Airways

Later in 1982, <mask> was appointed chairman and CEO of Pan Am, where he quickly moved to expand the airline's route network after several years of contraction, and to lower the airline's ticket prices in order to

masks:
Acker
Acker
Acker
Acker
Ed Acker
Acker
Acker
Acker


texts:
 compete with low-cost competitors such as Laker Airways. He received strong employee group support by stating that he would not accept any salary until Pan Am was profitable. Employees proclaimed themselves "Acker Backers" that joined the C. Edward Acker Pan Am recovery bandwagon. The airline temporarily made up for its lower revenue and higher operating costs by obtaining wage concessions from labor groups, but this eventually led to labor tensions culminating in a 1985 strike which crippled the airline. <mask> kept the airline alive only by selling its transpacific routes to United Airlines for $750 million.He left Pan Am in 1988. The Lockerbie Bombing of a Pan American 747-100 occurred in December 1988. Pan American was ultimately found liable for negligent security practices directly contributing to the Lockerbie Bombing. The explosion of Pan Am Flight 103 at Lockerbie in December 1988 is widely regarded as the 'final straw' in the ability of Pan American to remain a going concern. Pan Am was a pioneer of aviation, a premier American brand and was considered the de facto flag carrier of the United States before going out of business on December 4, 1991. The Acker Group

After retiring from Pan Am, <mask> formed The Acker Group which was primarily concerned with providing financial advisory and venture capital services. Intrepid Equity Group

Acker later advised on the founding of Atlantic Coast Airlines a Delta Connection and United Express carrier.He serves as Chairman of the Management of Martinaire Partners, LLC, a Dallas, Texas, based scheduled freight feeder airline serving UPS. <mask> has two sons and one daughter and is currently married to <mask>. His son Mitch is President of Martinaire Partner, LLC, of Dallas, Texas. In Popular Culture

<mask> was portrayed by Ned Beatty in the 1990 television movie, "The Tragedy of Flight 103: The Inside Story." References

External links
 Braniff Flying Colors Historical Page

Living people
American airline chief executives
Pan Am people
Southern Methodist University alumni
1929 births
Braniff
University of North Texas

masks:
Acker
Acker
Acker
Sandy Acker
Acker


texts:
<mask> (born September 28, 1963 in Knob Noster, Missouri) is a former Major League Baseball (MLB) relief pitcher. He grew up in Carson City, Nevada. <mask> played baseball for the Carson City High Senators. After he entered major league baseball, almost all of his career was spent with the Houston Astros. With the Astros, <mask> became known for a quirky sense of humor. He pitched for the Houston organization between 1985 and 1990, winning a division title with the Astros in 1986. He was in the minor leagues in 1988 and 1989 before briefly returning to the major leagues with the Houston Astros and Atlanta Braves in 1990.After his retirement, Kerfeld entered minor league baseball as a coach. He holds a front office position for the Philadelphia Phillies. Career
Kerfeld was the Astros' first pick (5th overall) in the secondary phase of 1982 draft, and fared well his first year at Asheville, and his second at Columbus, with sub 3.00 ERAs and 30 wins. He led the 1983 Sally League in wins, complete games, and innings pitched, while finishing second in strikeouts, earning Pitcher of the Year honors. Though he struggled initially at the triple-A level, he eventually found his bearings and even earned a July 1985 call-up to the major league club at the age of 21. Kerfeld made the big league roster out of spring training in 1986, and had a career year posting an 11-2 record and a 2.59 ERA as the setup man for closer Dave Smith. His unexpected performance that year was a key reason the Astros won the National League Western Division title that season.He led the National League in won-loss percentage and finished fourth in the Rookie of the Year balloting. Kerfeld capped his season by pitching four innings and giving up a run in the NLCS. He

masks:
Charles Patrick Kerfeld
Charlie
Kerfeld


texts: took the loss in Game 5 when Gary Carter slapped Kerfeld's twelfth-inning pitch for a single, scoring Wally Backman. Kerfeld began 1987 with the Astros, but was sent down to Tucson on April 26 after 11 games after posting an 0 – 2 record and a 6.67 ERA. After being taken out of a May game in Tucson, Kerfeld flung the baseball, underhanded but forcefully, at Tucson manager Bob Didier. The manager fined Kerfeld and suspended him for two games. Tucson pitching coach expressed frustration with Kerfeld, saying, "A lot of things have been said.A lot of things have been done. But very little sinks in." Later, <mask> walked away from the Tucson team for a day after Rocky Childress was called up to the Astros. Kerfeld thought that he should have been called up. He said that he hastily spoke to Astros general manager Dick Wagner and said things that he regretted. In mid-July, Wagner said that <mask>'s attitude and pitching had improved and that his weight was the biggest factor keeping him from the major leagues. He went 4 – 4 at Tucson with a 4.74, and was briefly recalled to Houston before going on the DL for two months with calcium deposits in his elbow.He pitched effectively in three games in late September, and looked to be rounding back into his stellar 1986 form. Kerfeld, battling elbow, neck and weight problems, struggled in the minors in 1988 and 1989. He was on the Astros' Opening Day 1990 roster, but appeared in only five games, going 0 – 2 with a horrendous 16.20 ERA. His last game for the Astros was April 19, 1990. Ten days later, <mask> was traded to the Atlanta Braves for outfielder Kevin Dean and pitcher Lee Johnson. He pitched 30 innings in relief for the Braves that season, but was released during the offseason. He was signed

masks: Kerfeld Kerfeld Kerfeld


texts:
 by the Detroit Tigers and pitched briefly for their AA affiliate the London Tigers in 1991, but retired following that season.Antics
A fan favorite, Kerfeld was known for his quirky sense of humor and bullpen antics. When asked in 1987 what he would do if he had only a week to live, Kerfeld replied, "I'd get Hulk Hogan, Brian Bosworth, Charles Barkley and I'd have a four-man tag team match with the Four Horsemen." Pondering alternative career options after a 1988 shoulder surgery, Kerfeld said, "Arena Football is first. Then the World Wrestling Federation. Maybe go back to college and get a brain surgery degree. Or become an assistant clubhouse man. Or go to Harry Wendelstedt's umpiring school."When <mask>, whose uniform number was 37, learned that Jim Deshaies had signed for US$110,000 in 1987, he asked for and received $110,037.37 plus 37 boxes of orange Jell-O. On March 1, 1987 <mask> declared he would buy up 3,000 tickets per game to give away to charity causes. Without a discount, which the Astros didn't discuss, the cost for the seats would total as much as $1.6 million. Unable to afford that on a $110,000 salary, Kerfeld backed down from the offer. He is remembered for his lucky Jetsons tee shirt (which he wore under his uniform when he pitched because the Jetsons' dog was named Astro) and for occasionally donning a rubber Coneheads mask in the bullpen along with fellow relievers Larry Andersen and Dave Smith. Coming to the ballpark, he often wore such things as pink high-tops and a Rambo cammies outfit. Kerfeld gained fame for giving a drunken interview live to Bill Worrell and HSE in the Astros locker room after they clinched the NL West on September 25, 1986.The display was typical of his good nature and gregarious manner.

masks: Kerfeld Kerfeld


texts:
 Kerfeld was seen drinking a Busch beer during the interview, and then later pouring it on Nolan Ryan while Ryan was giving an interview with Milo Hamilton. Ryan retaliated by spraying champagne in Kerfeld's face. The clip can be found on the website YouTube. <mask> or Charley? Sometime around the 1987 season Kerfeld's first name began to appear in print as "Charley." There was no explanation offered for the change and it became a source of befuddlement to players and fans alike.For the rest of his career, and to the present day, his name is often seen spelled in both forms. Post-playing career
Kerfeld remained in baseball managing in the minor leagues, including a brief stint with the Abilene Prairie Dogs of the Texas–Louisiana League. He was the Western League manager of the year in 1998 and in 2001-02. In November 2006, he became a special assistant to the general manager for the Philadelphia Phillies. As of August 2013, Kerfeld is a senior advisor to the general manager for the team. References

External links
, or Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Winter League)
Video of 1986 Post-Game Interview with HSE's Bill Worrell

1963 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Asheville Tourists players
Atlanta Braves players
Baseball players from Missouri
Beaumont Bullfrogs players
Charros de Jalisco players
Columbus Astros players
Grays Harbor Gulls players
Houston Astros players
London Tigers players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Minor league baseball managers
Navegantes del Magallanes players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Osceola Astros players
People from Johnson County, Missouri
Philadelphia Phillies personnel
Richmond Braves players
San Diego Padres scouts
Seattle Mariners scouts
Tucson Toros


texts:
<mask> (born 13 May 1994) is a British-born artistic gymnast who currently represents Jamaica in international competition. She was a reserve athlete for Great Britain's 2012 Olympic team. She attended UCLA and competed for the UCLA Bruins gymnastics team. She represented Jamaica at the 2020 Olympic Games. Junior career

2009
In July, <mask> competed at the British Championships in Guildford, United Kingdom. She placed second in the all around final with a score of 53.650. In event finals, she placed first on uneven bars scoring 13.650, joint first on balance beam scoring 13.600, and first on floor scoring 13.700.Senior career

2010
In July, <mask> competed at the British Championships in Guildford, United Kingdom. She placed third in the all around with a score of 55.350. <mask> said, "I'm extremely happy. I've had a bit of a difficult run in with a few injuries so to be able to compete here in the first place was great, and gave me a chance to see where I stand compared to some of the other gymnasts. Having missed out on the Europeans, it was good to show the home crowd what I can do and win a medal." 2011
In February, <mask> competed at the English Championships in Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom. She placed third in the all around competition with a score of 52.650.In April, <mask> competed at the 2011 European Artistic Gymnastics Championships in Berlin, Germany. In qualifications, she placed twelfth all around with a score of 54.400 which meant that she would move on to the final. She said, "I started off really nervous as we were up on beam first but once Jenni went clear that helped me to relax a bit. The other pieces went well although I

masks:
Danusia May Francis
Francis
Francis
Francis
Francis
Francis


texts:
 maybe played it a bit too safe on bars. The atmosphere was great and we could hear the British fans cheering for us, especially Beth and Hannah when we were on bars." In the all around final, <mask> placed sixteenth with a score of 53.375. Afterwards she said, "I'm mostly happy to have gone clean the whole week in my first major event as a senior.I have learnt a huge amount being here, particularly what it may be like to perform in front of a home crowd as the German fans went crazy for their gymnasts. I now have some understanding of what it may be like if I make it to London next year." In May, <mask> participated in the British Teams competition in Guildford, United Kingdom. Her club, Heathrow, finished third and she placed third in the all around with a score of 52.900. In July, <mask> competed at the British Championships in Liverpool, United Kingdom. She placed second in the all around with a score of 53.150. <mask> said, "I was slightly annoyed more than anything when I fell on beam but I tried to shake it all off and get back from there so I'm really pleased.I've got a new floor routine which has quite a lot in it so I found it quite hard stamina wise but was happy to finish with the music!" In October, <mask> competed at the 2011 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships in Tokyo, Japan. She contributed a vault score of 13.566 and a balance beam score of 14.141 towards the British team's fifth-place finish. 2012
In March, <mask> competed at the English Championships in Kent, United Kingdom. She placed second in the all around competition with a score of 54.650. In May, <mask> competed at the 2012 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics

masks: Francis Francis Francis Francis Francis Francis Francis


texts:
 Championships in Brussels, Belgium. She contributed a beam score of 14.000 towards the British team's fourth-place finish.At the end of May, <mask> participated in the British Teams competition which acted as the first Olympic trial. Her club, Heathrow, placed fourth and she placed second in the all around with a score of 55.100. At the beginning of June, <mask> competed at an international friendly with gymnasts from Finland and Spain in Ipswich, United Kingdom which was also the second Olympic trial. She placed sixth in the all around competition with a score of 54.050 and third in the uneven bars final with a score of 13.850. At the end of June, <mask> competed at the British Championships in Liverpool, United Kingdom. This is the third and final Olympic Trial to decide the gymnasts that will represent the United Kingdom at the Olympics. She placed sixth in the all around competition with a score of 53.700.In event finals, she placed eighth on uneven bars scoring 11.350 and fourth on balance beam scoring 13.800. 2015
In October, <mask> returned to the elite gymnastics scene as a member of Jamaica's women's team at the 2015 World Championships. As a result of her performance, <mask> was able to receive Jamaica a qualification spot to the 2016 Olympic Test Event. 2016
Senior <mask> <mask> was awarded regular season All-American honors by the National Association of College Gymnastics Coaches (NACGC/W). She was also named to the 2016 Pac-12 All-Conference teams. On April 15, 2016, <mask> was a co-champion of the balance beam competition at the 2016 NCAA Women's Gymnastics Championship. 2019
In October, <mask> competed together with two other members

masks: Francis Francis Francis Francis Francis Danusia Francis Francis Francis


texts:
 of Jamaica's women's team at the 2019 World Championships.As a result of her performance in qualifications, <mask> was able to receive an individual qualification spot to the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo. “She finished 47th in the all-around [...] attaining a score of 50.982. Her Olympic qualification came as she finished among the top 20 athletes who were not on a qualifying team. She ranked ninth in the group of competitors. <mask> participated in all four events in the qualifying round and achieved a score of 13.5 in the vault event, 12.35 in the uneven bars event, and 12.566 in both the balance beam and the floor exercise events“. 2021
At the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo <mask> was due to take part in the women's individual all-around event. Two days prior to the competition <mask> learned she had torn her anterior cruciate ligament.She therefore withdrew from the balance beam, the vault and the floor exercise. She chose to continue to compete in the uneven bars with her knee bandaged, scoring the lowest of any competitor as the judges deducted 6.5 points for various infractions and gave her only a 0.5 difficulty score. However, her 9.033 execution score was the highest for any athlete on uneven bars. References

External links

 <mask> <mask> at Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique

1994 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Coventry
British female artistic gymnasts
UCLA Bruins women's gymnasts
Jamaican female artistic gymnasts
English people of Jamaican descent
Gymnasts at the 2019 Pan American Games
Pan American Games competitors for Jamaica
Gymnasts at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic gymnasts of Jamaica
NCAA gymnasts who have scored a

masks: Francis Francis Francis Francis Danusia Francis


texts: <mask> (née Caputo, born May 10, 1963) is an American aeronautical engineer, and former NASA astronaut and United States Navy captain. Nowak served as naval flight officer and test pilot in the Navy, and was selected by NASA for NASA Astronaut Group 16 in 1996, qualifying as a mission specialist in robotics. She flew in space aboard  during the STS-121 mission in July 2006, when she was responsible for operating the robotic arms of the shuttle and the International Space Station. In 2007, Nowak was involved in an incident that led to her being removed from NASA and the Navy. Born in Washington, D.C., <mask> graduated from the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, in 1985. She was assigned to VAQ-34 at Naval Air Station Point Mugu, California, where she flew the EA-7L Corsair and ERA-3B Skywarrior. She earned a Master of Science degree in aeronautical engineering and a degree in aeronautical and astronautical engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California.In 1993 she was selected to attend the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School at Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland. After graduation, she remained at Patuxent River, flying in the F/A-18 Hornet and EA-6B Prowler. During her Navy career she logged over 1,500 hours in more than 30 aircraft and was awarded the Defense Meritorious Service Medal, the Navy Commendation Medal and the Navy Achievement Medal. In February 2007, <mask> was arrested in Orlando, Florida, after she accosted and pepper-sprayed  Colleen Shipman, a U.S. Air Force captain romantically involved with astronaut William Oefelein, who had been in a relationship with Nowak. She was released on bail and initially pleaded not guilty to the charges, which included

masks:
Lisa Marie Nowak
Nowak
Nowak


texts:
 attempted kidnapping, burglary with assault, and battery. Subsequently, her assignment as an astronaut was terminated by NASA.In 2009, Nowak agreed to a plea deal with prosecutors and pleaded guilty to charges of felony burglary of a car and misdemeanor battery. She remained a Navy captain until the following year when a Naval Board of Inquiry voted unanimously to reduce her in rank to commander and to discharge her from the Navy under other than honorable conditions after 25 years of service. , it was reported that she was working in the private sector in Texas. Early life and education

<mask> Caputo was born in Washington, D.C., on May 10, 1963, to Alfredo F. Caputo, a computer consultant, and Jane L. Caputo, a biological specialist. Caputo and her two younger sisters, Andrea and Marisa, grew up in Rockville, Maryland. In 1969, she watched the Apollo 11 Moon mission and became interested in the space program. While growing up, she followed the Space Shuttle program, particularly the introduction of female astronauts in 1978, and paid frequent visits to the National Air and Space Museum.Caputo was educated at Luxmanor Elementary School, Tilden Middle School, and Charles W. Woodward High School in North Bethesda, Maryland. In the January of her junior year of high school, she told her mother that she was going to become an astronaut. She was a Girl Scout, and a member of the Société Honoraire de Français, which required students to maintain an A average in French and a B average in all other subjects. She competed on the math team and served on her class student council. She played field hockey and competed in track and field athletics. In 1981 she was named Student Athlete of the Year, a school award


texts:
 granted to the student who excelled most in both sports and academics, and graduated as co-valedictorian. In her final year of high school, Caputo was accepted by Brown University, a private Ivy League university in Providence, Rhode Island, and by the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland.Her parents thought Brown was the best choice, but Caputo felt that she had more chance of achieving her goal of becoming an astronaut by going to the Naval Academy. Women were first admitted to Annapolis in 1976, and by the time Caputo entered as a plebe in 1981, there were women in each of the four classes, but were only 6 percent of the student body. Female cadets were still harassed by some male classmates in 1981, and occasionally a male professor would inform a class that he did not think women belonged there. As a student, she competed on the track team. She graduated on May 22, 1985, with a Bachelor of Science degree in aeronautical engineering, and was commissioned as an ensign in the United States Navy. Navy career

For her first assignment, Caputo chose a six-month secondment to the Johnson Space Center, where she worked as an aerospace engineer at its branch at Ellington Air Force Base near Houston, Texas. During this time, there were six Space Shuttle launches."What impressed me", she later said, "was the whole idea that everybody was so into what they were doing and excited that each of their parts was so important." In December 1985, Caputo received orders to report to Naval Air Station Pensacola in Florida for flight training. By law, women were still banned from combat assignments, so half the jobs in the Navy were unavailable to women regardless of aptitude or ability, and there were doubts


texts: about the wisdom of training women for jobs they were not permitted to do. Getting accepted into flight training was a major achievement, and those women that did so were often resented by men who were passed over. Caputo completed primary flight training at Naval Air Station Pensacola on the T-2 Buckeye, T-39 Sabreliner and TA-4J Skyhawk and qualified as a naval flight officer (NFO) in June 1987. Caputo's NFO training continued at the Electronic Warfare School at Corry Station in preparation to fly electronic warfare aircraft. She then went to the Naval Air Station Lemoore, where she qualified to operate the electronic systems on the LTV EA-7L Corsair II.On April 6, 1988, she married an Annapolis classmate, Richard T<mask>, at the Naval Academy Chapel with Catholic rites, and changed her last name to "<mask>". Her next assignment was to Electronic Warfare Aggressor Squadron 34 (VAQ-34) at Naval Air Station Point Mugu, California, where she flew on both the Corsair II and the Douglas ERA-3B Skywarrior, supporting the U.S. Pacific Fleet on reconnaissance mission exercises. She qualified as a mission commander and electronic warfare lead. In 1990, <mask> entered the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California, where she earned both a Master of Science degree in aeronautical engineering and a degree in aeronautical and astronautical engineering in September 1992, writing a thesis on Computational Investigations of a NACA 0012 Airfoil in Low Reynolds Number Flows. She gave birth to a son in February 1992. After graduate school, she transferred to the restricted line as an Aerospace Engineering Duty Officer.She was selected to attend the United States Naval Test Pilot School at Naval Air Station

masks:
. Nowak
Nowak
Nowak


texts:
 Patuxent River, Maryland, after she applied six times. She graduated in June 1994, and then became an aircraft systems project officer at the Air Combat Environment Test and Evaluation Facility and at Strike Aircraft Test Squadron at Patuxent River. As a naval flying officer/flight test engineer, she participated in the development of the F/A-18 Hornet and EA-6B Prowler. Her next assignment was to the Naval Air Systems Command, where she was involved in the acquisition of new systems for naval aircraft. During her career in the Navy, Nowak logged over 1,500 hours of flight time in more than 30 different aircraft and was awarded the Defense Meritorious Service Medal, the Navy Commendation Medal and the Navy Achievement Medal. NASA career

Astronaut training

On June 15, 1995, NASA announced that it was selecting a new group of astronauts. As a naval officer, Nowak could not apply directly, like a civilian could, but had to submit her application to a review board that would then approve it and forward it on to NASA, which it did.NASA received over 2,400 applications, and in early 1996, Nowak was informed that she was one of 150 finalists deemed highly qualified, and she was asked to report to Johnson Space Center for a week of orientation, interviews and medical evaluations. On May 1, 1996, NASA publicly announced the names of 10 pilot and 25 mission specialist candidates; <mask> was one of the latter. The class of 1996, the 16th group of NASA astronauts, was the largest selected since the first class of Space Shuttle astronauts in 1978, which also numbered 35. They were ordered to report for duty at Johnson Space Center to commence their astronaut training on August 12, 1996. They were joined by nine


texts: international astronauts. Because there were so many of them, they were often packed into classrooms and training facilities, and called themselves "The Sardines". <mask> and her family moved to Texas, where they built a house in Clear Lake City.Her husband, another naval flight officer, left active duty in 1998 but continued to fly in the United States Naval Reserve. He found a job as a space communications contractor with Barrios Technology, an aerospace company, and worked at the Johnson Space Center as a flight controller at the mission control center. Astronaut training included survival training, a three-day trip to the Grand Canyon to study geology, and classwork on the Space Shuttle's many systems. As a mission specialist, she was expected to fly a minimum of four hours a month in NASA's Northrop T-38 Talon aircraft. Training was conducted in the waters of the Weightless Environment Training Facility and in the Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker known as the Vomit Comet that flies a trajectory that gives the sensation of being in space. She completed her astronaut training in August 1998. On September 28, 1998, she returned to Annapolis along with fellow astronaut alumni Jim Lovell, Charles O. Hobaugh, David Leestma, John M. Lounge, Bryan D. O'Connor and Pierre J. Thuot, for a celebration of the life of Mercury Seven astronaut Alan Shepard, who had died two months before.In early 2001, Nowak became pregnant with twins. At the Astronaut Office, Nowak specialized in the operation of the Space Shuttle's robotic arm. She also served with the CAPCOM Branch, the astronauts that worked with the mission control center as the primary communicators with the spacecraft. She performed this duty during the STS-100


texts:
 mission in April 2001, when the crew of the  installed a robot arm in the International Space Station (ISS). In October 2001, she gave birth to twin daughters. Nowak and her husband alternated their work schedules so one of them was always with the children. This arrangement lasted until Richard was recalled to active duty in 2002 to participate in Operation Enduring Freedom, which effectively left Nowak a single mother with three young children.On December 12, 2002, NASA announced the crew for STS-118, a mission scheduled for November 2003. Scott Kelly would be the mission commander, Hobaugh  the pilot, and the mission specialists would be <mask>, Scott Parazynski, Dafydd Williams, and Barbara Morgan. The Space Shuttle Columbia disaster on February 1, 2003, killed seven astronauts on the STS-107 mission, including three from Nowak's 1996 astronaut class. It was NASA's practice to provide the families of astronauts who had died with a personal casualty assistance officer, and <mask> performed this duty for the family of her close friend Laurel Clark. Clark's widower, Jonathon Clark, a former NASA flight surgeon, recalled that:

The disaster resulted in a series of schedule and hardware changes. The task of testing all the changes was assigned to STS-114, the Return to Flight mission, but the list of changes that required testing grew so large that a second Return to Flight mission was added to the schedule to accommodate them. Despite the numbering, this mission, STS-121, would be the second mission flown after the Columbia disaster.STS-121 was primarily concerned with testing and developing new hardware and procedures to make Space Shuttle flights safer. It would also re-supply the ISS with equipment and

masks: Nowak Nowak


texts:
 consumables. In January 2004, <mask> participated in an eleven-day cold weather survival training course in Canada with fellow NASA astronauts Dominic Antonelli and William Oefelein, Swedish astronaut Christer Fuglesang, Russian cosmonaut Dmitri Kondratyev, and Canadian astronaut (and future Governor General) Julie Payette. The course commenced on January 19, and included four days of instruction with the Canadian Armed Forces. They were then dropped off in the wilderness in northern Quebec and had to make their way back on foot. They covered  in eleven days, completing the course on January 29. <mask> had worked together with Oefelein, who had been selected as an astronaut with the class of 1998, when they were both stationed at Patuxent River in 1995.When <mask> and Oefelein returned to Houston they began an extramarital affair, which they attempted to conceal. As serving Navy officers, they could have been charged with conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman, which includes adultery, under the Uniform Code of Military Justice. Oefelein's wife filed for divorce in February 2005 after discovering emails between him and Nowak. Their divorce was finalized in May 2005. Oefelein moved into a small apartment,  to which he gave Nowak a key. She left personal effects there, and she soon became a familiar sight to other residents of the complex. Space flight

NASA announced in December 2003 that STS-121 would be commanded by Steven Lindsey, with Mark Kelly as pilot and Michael Fossum and Carlos Noriega as mission specialists.On November 18, 2004, NASA announced that Nowak and her classmate Stephanie Wilson would join the STS-121 crew as additional mission specialists. They were assigned the task of

masks: Nowak Nowak Nowak


texts: manipulating the robotic arms of the Space Shuttle and the ISS. The STS-121 mission was originally scheduled for March or April 2005, but was soon postponed to July owing to difficulty implementing all the changes required. During the launch of  for STS-114 in July 2005, debris separated from the external tank, the very problem which had caused the loss of the , and STS-121 was further postponed until a solution to the problem could be found. In February 2006, the mission was rescheduled for a launch window between May 3 and 22, but in March multiple problems forced a further postponement until July. A prelaunch reception was held for Nowak at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, and she was joined by her parents, her husband Richard and three children, family members, and friends from school, Annapolis and the Navy. Among the personal effects she packed for the flight was a small owl figurine of the mascot of Luxmanor Elementary School, a koozie from Tilden Middle School, a banner from Charles W. Woodward High School, an Annapolis Class of 1985 flag, and her grandmother's engagement ring.On July 1, 2006, the STS-121 crew ate the traditional prelaunch cake decorated with the mission's insignia and boarded Discovery at Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B. <mask> was the last crew member to enter the spacecraft, taking her seat as the flight engineer on the flight deck  immediately behind Lindsey and Kelly. At 15:42, the launch was scrubbed due to thunderstorm activity in the area. A second launch attempt the following day was also canceled due to inclement weather. STS-121 successfully launched on July 4 at 14:38. It was the first time a Space Shuttle launch had taken place on Independence Day.


texts: After she entered orbit, Nowak felt nauseated, a symptom of space adaptation syndrome.The first day in space was devoted to inspecting the orbiter for possible damage, as the crew had noticed debris falling off the external tank during liftoff. Nowak deployed the robotic arm to inspect the wing tips, nose and underside of the spacecraft using digital and video cameras and laser scanning. After six and a half hours of examination, all that was found was a white splotch on the nose cap. NASA engineers were initially concerned that this might be the result of a high-velocity impact, but after closer examination they determined it to be bird droppings. Some discoloration found on the leading edges was attributed to hydraulic fluid spills. After Discovery docked with the ISS, Wilson and Nowak used the robotic arm to unload the Italian-built Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM). The  of equipment and supplies it contained included the Minus Eighty Lab Freezer for use in scientific experiments and a  Oxygen Generation System to allow the ISS to support up to six crew members.Nowak carried out her assigned tasks, but other crew members noted a reluctance to assist with tasks that were not assigned to her and for which she had not trained. While Discovery was docked with the ISS, the STS-121 crew conducted three spacewalks. The women were not considered for this activity; when NASA trimmed the space suit budget in the 1990s, small sizes were omitted. Women astronauts were assigned to other tasks like operating the robotic arms. From the Destiny laboratory on the ISS, Nowak operated the robotic arm whose installation she had overseen as CAPCOM years before. It was more challenging to operate than the one


texts:
 on the Space Shuttle, since it was larger and had an extra joint. Some  of trash, experiment results and broken equipment were packed into Leonardo, and <mask> and Wilson used the robotic arm to re-stow the module in Discoverys cargo bay.It was then used to make a final check of the Space Shuttle to ensure that no damage had been done by micrometeorites or space debris. Discovery undocked from the ISS and commenced its two-day return to Earth. In all, she spent 12 days 18 hours and 36 minutes in space, during which she traveled . Discovery landed at the Shuttle Landing Facility at the Kennedy Space Center at 09:14 on July 17. Homecoming

As was usual, the six crew members of STS-121 embarked on a series of publicity events and interviews. They attended X Games XII at the Home Depot Center in Los Angeles from August 3 to 6, and the Houston Astros game on August 14 at Minute Maid Park, where the crew met pitcher Roger Clemens and threw ceremonial first pitches. On September 9, Nowak attended a tailgate party at the Naval Academy versus University of Massachusetts football game, where she gave her classmates the Class of 1985 flag she had carried on the Space Shuttle and signed photographs of herself.At half time she presented Annapolis with a Navy jersey she had carried on board Discovery. She gave a long interview with the Ladies' Home Journal for its Mother's Day issue and presented awards at NASA's Stennis Space Center. She went back to Luxmanor Elementary School and Tilden Middle School where she spoke to the children and attended celebrations at Annapolis for the 30th anniversary of its admission of women, during which she gave a presentation as part of the Academy's Forrestal Lecture Series. In


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 December, the STS-121 crew flew to the UK, where they visited the University of Edinburgh and the National Space Centre in Leicester, and spoke at the University of Leeds, fellow STS-121 crewmember Piers Sellers's alma mater. Orlando International Airport incident
Nowak's marriage disintegrated, and she separated from Richard in January 2007. Her relationship with Oefelein also cooled, although she continued to call him almost every day. In late 2006, Oefelein began a relationship with U.S. Air Force Captain Colleen Shipman, who worked as an engineer with the 45th Space Wing at Patrick Air Force Base in Florida.Oefelein informed Nowak about Shipman in January. He thought Nowak took it well, and that they could remain friends. They continued to train for the MS 150, a charity bicycle race, but Shipman became uncomfortable with Nowak's bicycle being kept at Oefelein's place and asked him to get Nowak to remove it. On January 29, 2007, NASA announced that Stephanie Wilson had been chosen as the mission specialist for the STS-120 mission to replace Michael Foreman, who had been reassigned to the STS-123 mission, scheduled for February. Nowak had hoped for this assignment. According to Mark Kelly, Wilson was chosen because "she was a team player and well deserving. Nowak was not."Nowak was assigned to CAPCOM duties for STS-123 instead. Altercation
On February 4, 2007, Nowak packed latex gloves, a black wig, a BB pistol and ammunition, pepper spray, a hooded tan trench coat, a drilling hammer, black gloves, an  Gerber folding knife and other items. She then drove her husband's car  from Houston to Orlando, Florida, to confront Shipman. Early police reports stated that she wore Maximum Absorbency Garments during


texts: the trip, but she later denied this. On February 5, 2007, Nowak went to the Orlando International Airport and waited for about half an hour for Shipman's plane to touch down at 01:05. Shipman went to claim her suitcase, but it did not appear on the carousel. At the baggage claim office she was told that it would arrive on the next flight, at 03:00, and she was given a $12 food and drink voucher.Shipman finally collected her suitcase from the baggage claim office at 03:15, and took a shuttle bus to the parking area at 03:28. Shipman said that after arriving, she became aware of someone following her to an airport satellite parking area. When she got into her car, she heard running footsteps and quickly locked the door. Nowak slapped the window and tried to open the car door, asked for a ride, then started crying. Shipman rolled down the window a couple of inches after which Nowak sprayed the pepper spray into the car. Shipman drove off to the parking lot booth where she called the police. Several Orlando Police Department Airport Division officers arrived minutes later with the first officer observing Nowak throwing a bag into the trash at a parking shuttle bus stop.Nowak was subsequently arrested at Orlando International Airport on charges of attempted kidnapping, battery, attempted vehicle burglary with battery, and destruction of evidence. In a handwritten request for a restraining order against Nowak after her arrest, Shipman referred to Nowak as an acquaintance of her boyfriend, but did not identify Oefelein. She claimed that Nowak had been stalking her for two months. Nowak told investigators she was involved in a relationship with Oefelein, which she described as being "more than a working


texts:
 relationship but less than a romantic relationship". Citing evidence of elaborate planning, disguises and weapons, police recommended she be held without bail. Arraignment
Two fellow astronauts flew to Florida in T-38 jets for Nowak's arraignment: Captain Christopher Ferguson, the senior active duty Naval Officer in the NASA Astronaut Corps at the time, went as Nowak's commanding officer, and Lindsey, the commander of Nowak's shuttle mission, went as Chief of the Astronaut Office, the senior astronaut at NASA. On February 6, 2007, both appeared before a judge on her behalf.The state's assistant attorney, Amanda Cowan, argued that the facts indicated a well-thought-out plan to kidnap and perhaps to injure Shipman. In arguing for pre-trial release, <mask>'s attorney remarked, "One's good works must count for something." Nowak was ordered released on $15,500 bail under the condition she wear a GPS tracking device and not contact Shipman, but before Nowak could be released, Orlando police charged Nowak with attempted first-degree murder and announced she would not be released on bail. Her lawyer alleged that police and prosecutors, unhappy that Nowak had been granted bail, pressed more serious charges solely to keep her in jail. In the second arraignment Nowak was charged with attempted first-degree murder with a deadly weapon, for which the judge raised bail by $10,000. After posting bail, Nowak was released from jail. Shipman dropped her request for a protection order on February 15.Reactions
On February 6, 2007, <mask> was placed on 30-day leave by NASA. She returned to Houston on a commercial airline flight on February 8, and upon arrival was reportedly taken immediately under police escort to the Johnson


texts:
 Space Center for medical and psychiatric evaluation. Nowak's assignment to NASA as a serving Navy officer was terminated by the space agency on March 7, 2007. There was widespread public reaction to her arrest, concerns being expressed about NASA's astronaut selection and screening processes. Some commentators opined that NASA's presentation of astronauts as heroes was part of the problem. In response to concerns over Nowak's mental health, NASA Administrator Michael D. Griffin commissioned the NASA Astronaut Health Care System Review Committee, an independent panel, to examine how well NASA attended to the mental health of its astronauts. Patricia Santy, a former NASA flight surgeon and the author of the book Choosing the Right Stuff: Psychological Selection of Astronauts and Cosmonauts, described a culture among the Astronaut Corps to avoid discussing physical and psychological issues with medical personnel, due to the perception that any issues could jeopardize one's career and flight status.Policies at NASA were changed in a variety of ways: flight surgeons would receive further training in psychiatric evaluation, and a new "Astronaut Code of Professional Responsibility" was issued. Behavioral health evaluations would be included in the astronauts' annual flight physicals. Evidence
On April 10, 2007, Florida prosecutors released more material in the case. The previous week, the trial judge had agreed to unseal some of the documents that described items found in Nowak's car after her arrest. Among these items were a handwritten note on  stationery listing Shipman's flight information and one on "Flight Controller's Log" paper listing more than 24 items, including sneakers, plastic gloves, contacts,


texts: cash, an umbrella, and black sweats. A floppy disk contained two photographs of Nowak riding in a bicycle race, and 15 images depicting an unidentified woman in different stages of undress. An evidence report dated March 15 indicated that nearly all of the photographs and drawings depicted scenes of bondage.Also found were $585.00 and £41.00 (GBP) in cash and four brown paper bags with 69 orange pills that were not publicly identified. Investigators also examined two USB flash drives found in the car. They contained family pictures, digital movies, and NASA-related materials. Investigators concluded that the information on the disk and USB drives did not have any direct relationship to the alleged kidnapping attempt. Oefelein had provided Nowak with a cell phone to communicate with him. Phone records show that she called him at least twelve times, and sent seven text messages the day after he returned from his Space Shuttle flight on December 22, 2006, that he did not retrieve until December 24, when they had a seven-minute conversation. During December and January, over one hundred calls were made, although it is unclear who called whom.Under questioning by NASA and military investigators, Oefelein reportedly stated that he had broken off the relationship with <mask>. He did, however, have lunch with her in his apartment at least once in January, they continued to train together for the bicycle race, and they went to the gym together. On May 11, 2007, authorities released a surveillance video from the Orlando International Airport terminal showing Nowak waiting for nearly an hour, standing near the baggage claim, then donning a trench coat and following Shipman after she retrieved her bags.


texts:
 Developments
On February 6, 2007, Nowak pleaded not guilty to the charges of attempted murder and attempted kidnapping. On March 2, Florida prosecutors filed three formal charges against Nowak: (1) attempted kidnapping with intent to inflict bodily harm or terrorize, (2) burglary of a conveyance with a weapon, and (3) battery. The prosecutors declined to file the attempted murder charge that had been recommended by Orlando police. She was ordered to wear an electronic monitoring ankle bracelet as a condition of her release.A pre-trial hearing was held on July 17, 2007, and further hearings were to be held on September 19, to argue defense motions to suppress some of the evidence obtained on the day of her arrest. On August 12, 2007, Nowak asked to have her GPS ankle bracelet removed, to which the judge agreed on August 30. On August 28, the trial judge unsealed a court document indicating that Nowak intended to pursue an insanity defense. According to documents submitted by her lawyer, Nowak was evaluated by two psychiatrists who diagnosed her with obsessive–compulsive personality disorder, Asperger syndrome, a single episode of major depressive disorder and a "brief psychotic disorder with marked stressors" at the time of the incident. The trial judge suppressed Nowak's initial (pre-Miranda) statements to police, as well as all evidence found in her vehicle, on November 2, 2007, citing police misconduct in their initial search and questioning. The prosecution appealed that ruling on November 8. A hearing on that appeal occurred on October 21, 2008.On December 5, 2008, the Florida Fifth District Court of Appeal held that her statements were taken in violation of her Miranda rights, but that the search of


texts:
 her car was still valid under the inevitable discovery exception to the search warrant requirement because the police would have inevitably found it in the normal course of the investigation despite her illegal statement. The case was sent back for trial. A pre-trial status hearing was scheduled for June 22, 2009. On April 1, 2009, the judge ordered Nowak to undergo two psychiatric evaluations before June 12, 2009. On May 15, 2009, it was reported that <mask> would not claim insanity if her case ever went to trial. <mask>'s attorney withdrew a previous motion filed in 2007, which would have left open the opportunity to use an insanity defense in the case. On October 7, 2009, a judge in Orlando ruled in favor of allowing <mask>'s attorneys to take a second deposition from Shipman to inquire whether Nowak actually pepper-sprayed Shipman.A medical report by paramedics raised some questions according to <mask>'s attorneys as to the factual basis for it. If it was found not to have occurred, <mask>'s attorneys wanted the criminal charges related to the assault and battery to be dropped before trial began. The trial was scheduled for December 7, 2009. On November 10, 2009, <mask> entered a guilty plea to felony burglary and misdemeanor battery as part of a plea deal. She was sentenced to a year's probation and the two days already served in jail, with no additional jail time. In March 2011, Nowak petitioned the court to seal the record of her criminal proceedings, citing harm to her family and their livelihood. The motion was granted.After NASA

After the incident in Orlando, the Navy insisted on <mask> and Oefelein being returned to the Navy from NASA because they had violated the Navy's rules prohibiting

masks: Nowak Nowak Nowak Nowak Nowak Nowak Nowak


texts: adultery. Naval officials waited for Nowak's kidnapping case to be resolved before taking further action against her. She remained on active duty with the Navy and was subsequently ordered to work on the staff of the Chief of Naval Air Training (CNATRA) at Naval Air Station Corpus Christi, Texas. There, she was involved in the development of flight training curricula for broad use throughout the Navy. <mask> received the NASA Space Flight Medal on August 22, 2006, and on June 5, 2007. <mask> and her husband Richard divorced in June 2008, and she was given full custody of their three children. A Naval Board of Inquiry consisting of Rear Admirals Mark S. Boensel, Eleanor V. Valentin and Timothy S. Matthews voted on August 19, 2010, to recommend <mask> be separated from the Navy with an other than honorable discharge and reduction in rank from captain to commander.The panel's recommendation had to be reviewed by the Naval Personnel Command, and ultimately it would be determined by the Secretary of the Navy. On July 28, 2011, Assistant Secretary of Navy Juan M. Garcia III confirmed the panel's sentence. Nowak's conduct, Garcia said in a statement, "fell well short" of what is expected of Navy officers and "demonstrated a complete disregard for the well-being of a fellow service member". She retired from the Navy with an other than honorable discharge and the rank of commander on September 1, 2011. Astronaut Michael Coats, the director of the Johnson Space Center from 2005 to 2012, recalled that Nowak struggled after leaving the Navy, as the notoriety of her case kept potential employers from hiring her. In 2017, People magazine reported that Nowak was living quietly in Texas, where she was working in the


texts:
 private sector. Her attorney stated: "She's doing well."In popular culture
<mask>'s story resonated with many, and has been adapted for television, movie, play and song. "Rocket Man", a 2007 episode of Law & Order: Criminal Intent, was inspired by <mask>'s story and featured a love triangle among astronauts. A 2008 Molly Lewis song, "Road Trip", recounts the details of early news reports about Nowak's trip from Houston to Orlando. The 2017 Austra music video for "I Love You More Than You Love Yourself" references the actions leading up to Nowak's final arrest, with bandleader Katie Stelmanis playing the role of <mask>. Nowak was also the subject of a play, Starcrosser's Cut, which opened in Los Angeles in June 2013. In 2019, the film Lucy in the Sky (starring Natalie Portman) was produced, loosely based on <mask>'s story. Notes

References

External links
 <mask> Inflight Video Interview – Spaceflight Experience NASA (Windows Media Player)
 <mask>ak Inflight Video Interview – Eating and Family Contact NASA (Windows Media Player)
 <mask>ak Inflight Audio – Wake Up Call on Flight Day 4 with Her Response NASA (Wav)
 NASA Biography March 2007

1963 births
American people convicted of assault
American people convicted of burglary
American people of Italian descent
Living people
Military personnel from Washington, D.C.Naval Postgraduate School alumni
People from Rockville, Maryland
People with Asperger syndrome
People with mood disorders
People with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
United States Naval Academy alumni
United States Naval Flight Officers
United States Naval Test Pilot School alumni
United States Navy astronauts
Women astronauts
American women engineers
Female United States Navy

masks:
Nowak
Nowak
Lisa Nowak
Nowak
Lisa Nowak
Lisa Now
Lisa Now


texts:
Cesar Caballero (born November 25, 1977) is a Mexican luchador enmascarado, or masked professional wrestler. Working under the ring name <mask>, he appears for the Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG). Caballero previously worked under a number of other ring names including Mega, but they are not officially acknowledged, as the enmascarado character is promoted as a separate entity from his previous characters, which is often the case when a Mexican wrestler adopts a new masked character. Professional wrestling career
In Lucha Libre it is traditional to keep the true identify of a masked wrestler a secret, not revealing their real names and oftentimes not revealing what previous ring names they have competed under. Caballero worked as "Mega" from 2000 taking the role from Último Gladiador. Los Megas (2001–2007)

In 2001 International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG) formed a new "trio" known as Los Megas, taking three of their regular competitors, putting them together with a character based on the Mega character. Último Vampiro was turned into Super Mega and a wrestler known as El Milionario became known as Ultra Mega.Los Megas portrayed a kid-friendly técnico (good guys) silver-and-black-clad group. Los Megas defeated Los Oficiales (Guardia, Oficial and Vigilante) on August 2, 2001 to win the Distrito Federal Trios Championship, starting off a 161-day-long title reign. The trio was defeated for the title by Dr. Cerebro, Cirujano, and Paramedico on January 10, 2002. Only a month later Mega and Ultra Mega defeated Fantasy and Star Boy to


texts:
 win the IWRG Intercontinental Tag Team Championship. They team held the title for 73 days until losing to MAZADA and NOZAWA. Super Mega was later replaced with Omega to keep Los Megas a trio. Mega, Ultra Mega, and Omega teamed up to win the Distrito Federal Trios Championship at some point in 2002 and held the title until December 12, 2003, where they were defeated by Dr. Markus Jr., Dr. Muerte, and Enfermero Jr.. 2003 also saw Mega, Ultra Mega, and Omega win the IWRG Intercontinental Trios Championship from Nosawa, Takemura and Masada on June 5, 2003.Mega and Ultra Mega also held the IWRG Tag Team Championship for almost a year between 2003 and 2004, winning the titles from Fantasy and Star Boy and losing them to Dr. Cerebro and Bombero Infernal. In 2003 IWRG introduced a group designed to be the "archenemy" of Los Megas in the form of Los Comandos (Comando Mega, Comando Gama, and Comando Omega), who were dark and destructive to counter Los Megas' bright, kid-friendly personas. The group feuded for the better part of a year. The storyline between the two factions saw Mega and Ultra Mega defeat Comando Mega and Comando Gama in a Lucha de Apuesta, mask vs. mask match on June 6, 2004. Following the end of the feud with the Comandos, Los Megas began to fade away. At the 2004 Castillo del Terror steel cage match Mega lost to Black Dragon and was forced to unmask and reveal his birth name. It has not been documented what Caballero did between 2004 and 2012, he may have wrestled under a different mask maybe even retired for a period of time.Oficial Factor (2012–present)

In late 2011 Oficial


texts: Spartan and Oficial Rayan formed Los Oficiales Elite, a group created to rival Los Oficiales (Oficial 911, Oficial AK-47, and Oficial Fierro). In early 2012 Los Oficiales Elite became a trio with the introduction of Oficial <mask> to the team. <mask> was the returning Caballero under a new mask and ring character. On March 18, 2012, Los Oficiales Elite defeated Los Gringos VIP (Apolo Estrada, Jr., Avisman and El Hijo del Diablo) to win the Distrito Federal Trios Championship, a title that is only sanctioned in Mexico City. The Oficiales vs Oficiales Elite feud led to all six competitors putting their masks on the line in a steel cage match as the main event of the 2012 Guerra del Golfo show. During the show Oficial <mask> and 911 both lost a steel cage match, which meant that the two were supposed to face off in the final match; as a show of unity, their respective partners all joined them in the steel cage, making it a six-way match instead. The match came down to Oficial Factor and Oficial AK-47 with <mask> gaining the important victory, forcing AK-47 to have his hair shaved off as a result.The feud between the two factions continued throughout 2012 with several highlights, including Oficial <mask> winning the 2012 Rey del Ring tournament, defeating 29 other wrestlers including members of Los Oficiales. On July 26, 2012, Los Oficiales ended Oficiales Elite's reign as Distrito Federal Trios Championship after 129 days. In late 2012 the individual members of Los Oficiales Elite began focusing on individual storylines instead of the overall "Oficiales vs. Oficiales" storyline. <mask> became

masks: Factor Factor Factor Factor Factor Factor


texts:
 involved in a storyline with El Hijo de Pirata Morgan, which saw <mask> win the IWRG Junior de Juniors Championship from Hijo de Pirata, as well as lose and regain the Rey del Ring Championship. In November 2012 it was announced that Oficial <mask>, Hijo de Pirata Morgan, Oficial 911, and Hijo de Máscara Año 2000 had all agreed to risk their masks in a Prison Fatal steel cage match on December 2, 2012. The last person in the steel cage would be forced to unmask. The Prison Fatal match came down to <mask> and Oficial 911 after the other two competitors escaped the cage.At one point all Oficiales and Oficiales Elite were actually in the cage, but in the end 911 managed to escape, forcing <mask> to unmask. After unmasking he gave his name as Cesar Caballero, the same name he gave when he lost the "Mega" mask in 2004. On January 1, 2013, <mask> defeated El Hijo de Pirata Morgan to regain the IWRG Junior de Juniors Championship. On May 16 Carta Brava, Jr. defeated <mask> to win the Junior de Juniors Championship. Championships and accomplishments
International Wrestling Revolution Group
IWRG Intercontinental Tag Team Championship (3 times) – Mega and Ultra Mega
IWRG Intercontinental Trios Championship (1 time) – with Ultra Mega and Omega
IWRG Junior de Juniors Championship (2 times)
IWRG Rey del Ring Championship (1 time)
Distrito Federal Trios Championship (3 times) – with Super Mega and Ultra Mega (1), with Ultra Mega and Omega (1), with Oficial Spartan and Oficial Rayan

Luchas de Apuestas record

Footnotes

References

1977 births
Living people
Masked wrestlers
Mexican male professional


texts:
<mask> (born July 22, 1949) is a former professional baseball player and manager. A shortstop and utility infielder in Major League Baseball from 1973 to 1979, he became better known as manager of the Toronto Blue Jays. Playing career
After signing with the Los Angeles Dodgers in 1967 as a free agent, <mask> was traded to the Milwaukee Brewers for Rick Auerbach just as the 1973 season began while still a minor leaguer. <mask> played every day for the 1973 Brewers at shortstop, but lost his starting job next season to Robin Yount, thus forcing him to settle in as a utility infielder. He was traded to the Toronto Blue Jays during the 1978 season where he retired a year later with a lifetime .223 batting average in 516 career games. Scouting, coaching and managerial career
After retiring as a player, <mask> spent the next 20 years as a scout, coach or minor league manager for the Dodgers, Montreal Expos, Boston Red Sox and Chicago Cubs. 1998 Toronto Blue Jays season
The Blue Jays named <mask> as their manager for the 1998 season following the firing of Cito Gaston and the interim management of pitching coach Mel Queen.<mask> beat out several higher-profile candidates, most notably <mask> (no relation), Larry Bowa, and Buck Martinez. Queen remained on as pitching coach under <mask> and the two reportedly feuded extensively, despite <mask>'s reputation as a good communicator. <mask> also had rumoured differences with several of his players, including Pat Hentgen, Ed Sprague, and Cy Young Award winner Roger Clemens. Despite this lack of chemistry, <mask> guided the 1998 Blue Jays to a respectable third-place finish in the AL East with an 88–74 record, just four games out of a tie for the wild card. It was the team's first winning

masks:
Timothy Evald Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Davey Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson


texts:
 season since they won two World Series in a row in 1992 and 1993. Vietnam War stories controversy
This success was partly attributed to the stories <mask> would tell his players about his battle experiences in the Vietnam War. For example, he told Hentgen a story about his war experiences to get him to accept a different place in the pitching rotation.However, in late November, <mask> told several Toronto newspapers that all of these stories were completely made up. In truth, <mask> had been in the Marine Corps reserves throughout the war, and trained mortarmen at Camp Pendleton while playing in the Dodgers' farm system. He'd also claimed for over 20 years that he'd been an All-American high school basketball player, and turned down a scholarship to attend UCLA. During the 1998 baseball winter meetings, <mask> said that admitting the truth was like having "a 50,000 pound weight" taken off his shoulders. He said he'd lied because he felt guilty about going to spring training with the Dodgers while many of his friends fought in the war. He entered therapy, and called several of his players to apologize for lying. Departure from the Blue Jays
The Blue Jays were initially willing to stand by <mask> and let him return for 1999.During spring training, he apologized to the entire team, and later said that he didn't seem to detect a credibility problem. However, the next month brought a steady diet of questions about <mask>'s credibility, as well as outside attacks (Sprague, for instance, called <mask> a "liar" and a "backstabber"). Finally, on March 17, less than a month before opening day, Blue Jays general manager Gord Ash fired <mask> and replaced him with Jim Fregosi. Ash said that <mask>'s presence had become so much of a

masks: Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson