texts:
 GPCCU to publicize the controversy in the media both locally and nationally, getting a fellow activist, Thomasena Grigsby, to publish an editorial in the Chicago Defender. After a three-month standoff in which the body was left unburied by <mask> in a mortuary vault, the funeral directors gave in and voted to integrate the cemetery; <mask> went on to work for the integration of other cemeteries. In April 1951, <mask> was elected to the GPCCU board of directors.He and the GPCCU advocated in the Arizona Legislature for a law to desegregate Arizona's schools. The effort was also backed by some white leaders, notably Barry Goldwater. The law which passed only went so far as to allow school boards to voluntarily desegregate. While many districts, including Tucson's, did desegregate voluntarily, Phoenix schools did not. The GPCCU then campaigned for a local ballot initiative to desegregate Phoenix's schools, but it failed by a 2-to-1 margin. In 1952, the Ragsdales, the GPCCU, and the NAACP funded a lawsuit against the white-only Phoenix Union High School on behalf of three black children against school segregation; <mask> helped raise the GPCCU's $5,000 contribution for the lawsuit. The suit challenged the legality of the law's segregation option, in effect contesting the law they had just lobbied for.The case, decided by Judge Fred C. Struckmeyer in the Maricopa County Superior Court, became the nation's first court decision declaring school segregation laws illegal, over a year prior to the Supreme Court's Brown v. Board of Education decision. Another case that year brought by the same lawyers against an elementary school agreed with Struckmeyer's decision. Fighting housing discrimination

The Ragsdales made history in 1953 by moving into a home on West Thomas Road in the exclusive Encanto area north of the red line which separated the segregated white and black neighborhoods in Phoenix. In that era, blacks were excluded from home

masks: Ragsdale Ragsdale Ragsdale Ragsdale


type: original

texts:
 ownership in north of the neighborhoods along Van Buren Street by banks who refused them loans for such houses and real estate agents who refused to show the houses to blacks. Eleanor was a licensed real estate agent with knowledge of the market and also fair-skinned enough to pass for white, both of which allowed her to find a suitable home in a white neighborhood without arousing suspicion; <mask> viewed the home at night, being driven through an alley behind the house. The Ragsdales, unable to buy the house themselves, asked a white friend of Eleanor to purchase the house in his own name and then transfer the title to them. Enduring threats from neighbors, harassment from local police who stopped them while driving in their own neighborhood, and graffiti with racial epithets on their home, despite never being fully accepted in their own neighborhood the couple lived in the home for 17 years and raised their four children there.They became a local symbol of resistance to housing discrimination. The model the Ragsdales had established for circumventing the controls on black home ownership was repeated by other blacks, often aided by Eleanor, to move into other homes in the all-white area. NAACP and public accommodations

By the 1960s, Ragsdale and Rev. George B. Brooks, respectively vice-president and president of the Maricopa County NAACP chapter, were organizing protests and meeting with local business leaders to end workplace discrimination that barred blacks from skilled jobs. Ragsdale also began to target segregation in public accommodations and facilities, and in 1962, echoing the 1960 Greensboro Woolworth's sit-ins, Lincoln and Eleanor organized protests at the local Phoenix Woolworth's stores. <mask> participated in the creation of the Action Citizens Committee and ran for Phoenix City Council in 1963 along with the Committee's slate of other candidates. While ultimately narrowly unsuccessful, the campaign drew attention

masks: Lincoln Ragsdale


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 to the lack of minorities and South Phoenix residents in government and led to the registration of many new African-American and Latino voters.In 1964 <mask> successfully lobbied the Phoenix City Council for passage of a public accommodations law, and nearly a year later Arizona passed a statewide civil rights law, both similar in nature to the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964. 1964 also saw Martin Luther King Jr. give a speech at the Arizona State University at Ragsdale's invitation, after which the <mask>s hosted him in their home. Work with the Hispanic community

Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, the black population of Phoenix remained under 5% of the city's total and Hispanics outnumbered blacks 3-to-1, necessitating more multicultural organizing than occurred elsewhere in the Civil Rights Movement. Later life

As a pilot, <mask> served on the Phoenix Municipal Aeronautics Advisory Board in the 1970s. <mask> later became involved in the intense fight to create a statewide Martin Luther King Jr. Day in Arizona, which finally passed after a voter-approved ballot measure in 1992. <mask> died on June 9, 1995 of colon cancer in his Paradise Valley, Arizona, home. His crypt is located in the Serenity Mausoleum of Phoenix's Greenwood/Memory Lawn Mortuary & Cemetery.The executive terminal at Phoenix's Sky Harbor International Airport was renamed the Lincoln J. Ragsdale Executive Terminal in his honor. The Links, Incorporated Phoenix Chapter, of which the Ragsdales were active members, contribute to the Arizona State University Dr. <mask> J. Ragsdale Memorial Scholarship, named in his honor. Notes

References

1926 births
1995 deaths
Activists for African-American civil rights
Arizona State University alumni
Aviators from Oklahoma
Businesspeople from Tulsa, Oklahoma
Military personnel from Phoenix, Arizona
Tuskegee Airmen
Union Institute & University alumni
20th-century American

masks: Ragsdale Ragsdale Ragsdale Ragsdale Ragsdale Lincoln


texts:
<mask> (December 31, 1933 – July 19, 2005) was an American author of crime fiction, a screenwriter, convicted felon and an actor. He wrote numerous books, some of which have been adapted into films. He wrote the scripts for - and acted in - Straight Time (1978) (adapted from his debut novel No Beast So Fierce), Runaway Train (1985) and Animal Factory (2000) (adapted from his sophomore novel of the same name). He also played a minor role in Reservoir Dogs (1992). He began running away from home when he was five years old, and developed a pattern of criminal behaviour, earning his first conviction when he was fourteen, leading to a cycle of incarceration, parole, re-offending and further jail time. He was convicted of bank robbery, drug dealing, extortion, armed robbery, and forgery. Bunker was released from prison for the last time in 1975, after which he focused on his career as a writer and actor.Early life

1930s − 1940s
Bunker was born on December 31, 1933 into a troubled family in Los Angeles. His mother, Sarah (née Johnston), was a chorus girl from Vancouver, and his father, <mask><mask>, a stage hand. His first clear memories were of his alcoholic parents screaming at each other, and police arriving to "keep the peace", a cycle that led to divorce. Consistently rebellious and defiant, young Bunker was subjected to a harsh regime of discipline. He attended a military school for a few months, where he began stealing and eventually ran away again, ending up in a hobo camp. While Bunker eventually was apprehended by the authorities, this established a pattern he followed throughout his formative years. By age 11, Bunker was picked up by the police and placed in juvenile hall after he assaulted his father.Some sources cite that this incident, along with extreme experiences such as the severe beating he experienced in a

masks:
Edward Heward Bunker
Edward N
. Bunker


texts:
 state hospital called Pacific Colony (later called Lanterman Developmental Center), created in Bunker a life-long distrust for authority and institutions. Bunker spent time in the juvenile detention facility Preston Castle in Ione, California, where he became acquainted with hardened young criminals. Although young and small, he was intelligent (with an IQ of 152), streetwise and extremely literate. He soon learned to hide his fear and embrace his dog-eat-dog surroundings. A long string of escapes, problems with the law and different institutions—including a mental hospital—followed. At the age of fourteen, following his first criminal conviction, Bunker was paroled to the care of his aunt. However, two years later he was caught on a parole violation, and was this time sent to adult prison.There, he believed, he could either be predator or prey, and did his best to establish himself in the former category. In Los Angeles County Jail, he stabbed another inmate (Bunker claims it was convicted murderer Billy Cook, although circumstantial evidence shows Cook couldn't have been the victim) and soon gained a respectful reputation as a fearless young man. Some thought he was unhinged, but in his book Mr. Blue: Memoirs of a Renegade he stated this was a ruse designed to make people leave him alone. Criminal life and early writing

1950s − 1960s
In 1950, while at the McKinley Home for Boys, Bunker met one of the home's prominent benefactors, Louise Fazenda, a star of the silent screen and wife of the producer Hal B Wallis, who gave him support and encouragement. Through her he met Aldous Huxley, Tennessee Williams and newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst, whose guest he was at San Simeon. Fazenda sent him a portable typewriter, a dictionary, a thesaurus and a subscription to the Sunday edition of The New York Times, whose


texts: Book Review he devoured. He also subscribed to Writer’s Digest and enrolled in a correspondence course in freshman English from the University of California, selling blood to pay for the postage.However, the following year the 17-year-old Bunker had the dubious honor of being the youngest-ever inmate in San Quentin State Prison. During his time spent in solitary confinement, Bunker was near the cell of death row inmate Caryl Chessman, who was writing his novel Cell 2455, Death Row. Chessman had sent Bunker an issue of Argosy magazine, in which the first chapter of his book was published; in 1955 the novel was made into a movie by Fred F. Sears. Bunker - who had dropped out of school in seventh grade - said that Chessman, along with other prison writers including Dostoevsky and Cervantes, inspired him to become a writer himself. Bunker was paroled in 1956. Now 22, he was unable to adjust to living in normal society. As an ex-convict, he felt ostracized by "normal" people, although he managed to stay out of trouble for several years.Although Fazenda attempted to help him, after she was diagnosed with a nervous breakdown her husband pronounced many of her former friends — including Bunker — personae non-gratae in the Wallis household. Bunker held down various jobs for a while, including that of a used car salesman, but eventually returned to crime. He orchestrated robberies (without personally taking part in them), forged checks, and engaged in other criminal activities. Bunker ended up back in jail for 90 days on a misdemeanor charge. He was sent to a low-security state work farm, but escaped almost immediately. After more than a year, he was arrested after a failed bank robbery and high-speed car chase. Pretending to be insane (faking a suicide attempt and claiming that the Catholic Church had inserted a radio into his


texts:
 head), he was declared criminally insane.1970s
Although Bunker eventually was released, he continued a life of crime. In the early 1970s, Bunker ran a profitable drug racket in San Francisco; he was arrested again when the police, who had put a tracking device on his car, followed him to a bank heist. (The police expected Bunker to lead them to a drug deal and were rather shocked by their stroke of luck.) Bunker expected a 20-year sentence, but thanks to the solicitations of influential friends and a lenient judge, got only five. In the early 1970s he was a criminal associate of Sandra Good and Lynette Fromme. Career

No Beast So Fierce and early success
In prison, Bunker continued to write. While still incarcerated, he finally had his first novel No Beast So Fierce published in 1973, to which Dustin Hoffman purchased the film rights.Novelist James Ellroy said it was "quite simply one of the great crime novels of the past 30 years: perhaps the best novel of the LA underworld ever written". Bunker was paroled in 1975, having spent 18 years of his life in various institutions. While he was still tempted by crime, he now found himself earning a living from writing and acting. He felt that his criminal career had been forced by circumstances; now that those circumstances had changed, he could stop being a criminal. Animal Factory and film work
He published his second novel, Animal Factory to favorable reviews in 1977. The following year saw the release of Straight Time, a film-adaptation of No Beast So Fierce. While it was not a commercial success, it earned positive reviews and Bunker got his first screenwriting and acting credits.Like most of the roles Bunker played, it was a small part, and he went on to appear in numerous movies, such as The Running Man, Tango & Cash and Reservoir Dogs, as well as the film version of


texts:
 Animal Factory, in 2000, for which he also wrote the screenplay. In 1985, he had written the screenplay for Runaway Train, in which he had a small part, as did Danny Trejo thanks to Bunker's help; the two had known each other when they were incarcerated together years before. The film helped launch Trejo's career. Bunker had better luck robbing banks in real life than he did in the movies. In Reservoir Dogs, where he was most fondly remembered as Mr. Blue, he played one of two criminals killed during a heist. The film's director, Quentin Tarantino, had studied Straight Time while attending Robert Redford's Sundance Institute. Bunker was the inspiration for Nate, Jon Voight's character in Michael Mann's 1995 crime film Heat; Bunker also worked as an adviser on the film.In The Long Riders, he had a brief role as Bill Chadwell, one of two members of the James-Younger Gang killed during a bank robbery in Northfield, Minnesota. Prior to his death Bunker assisted in production of short films alongside Canadian director Sudz Sutherland such as "The Confessions of a Taxicab Man", "The Spooky House on Lundy's Lane" and "Angie's Bang". He also wrote and directed a Molson Canadian Cold Shot commercial. Writing style
Bunker's hard-boiled and unapologetic crime novels are informed by his personal experiences in a society of criminals in general and by his time in the penal system in particular. Little Boy Blue, in particular, draws heavily on Bunker's own life as a young man. He recounted in an interview, "It has always been as if I carry chaos with me the way others carry typhoid. My purpose in writing is to transcend my existence by illuminating it."A common theme in his fiction is that of men being sucked into a circle of crime at a very young age and growing up in a vicious world where authorities are at worst cruel and at best


texts:
 incompetent and ineffectual, and those stuck in the system can be either abusers or helpless victims, regardless of whether they're in jail or outside. Dennis McLellan wrote:

Bunker said that much of his writing was based on actual events and people he has known. In Bunker's work, there is often an element of envy and disdain towards the normal people who live outside of this circle and hypocritically ensure that those caught in it have no way out. Most of Bunker's characters have no qualms about stealing or brutalizing others and, as a rule, they prefer a life of crime over an honest job, in great part because the only honest career options are badly paying and low-class jobs in retail or manual labor. Robert Dellinger met fellow inmate Bunker in 1973 at the federal prison on Terminal Island, where Dellinger taught a creative writing class. They became lifelong friends, with Dellinger making the public announcement of Bunker's death, and saying that "Bunker wrote with energy and a muscular style that very few people have, and his words just literally jump off the page". Bunker's autobiography, Mr. Blue: Memoirs of a Renegade, was published in 1999.Personal life and death
In 1977, Bunker married a young real estate agent, Jennifer Steele. In 1993, a son, Brendan, was born. The marriage ended in divorce. In 2001, he reportedly had a short-lived marriage to Angie Furgesson, having met at BackPage cooking school. Bunker was close friends with Mexican Mafia leader Joe "Pegleg" Morgan, ex-convict and professor John Irwin, as well as actor Danny Trejo, who is the godfather of his son. He first met all three men while serving time in Folsom State Prison. A diabetic, Bunker died on July 19, 2005 at Providence St. Joseph Medical Center in Burbank, California, following surgery to improve the circulation in his legs.He was


texts:
{{Infobox writer
| image =
| name = <mask>
| pseudonym =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = Writer, Entrepreneur, Founder of the Flow Research Collective
| alma_mater =
| genre = Nonfiction
| movement =
| notableworks = The Art of the ImpossibleThe Rise of SupermanAbundanceA Small Furry PrayerWest of JesusBoldStealing Fire}}
<mask> is an American author, journalist, and entrepreneur. His articles have appeared in over 70 publications, including The New York Times Magazine, LA Times, Wired, Time magazine, GQ, Discover, Popular Science, Outside, Men’s Journal, Details and National Geographic Adventure. He is best known for his non-fiction books, including the New York Times bestseller Abundance, A Small Furry Prayer, West of Jesus, Bold, The Rise of Superman and Stealing Fire. <mask> is well regarded as one of the world's leading experts on Ultimate Human Performance. While best known for his work on Flow, <mask> also writes about the use of other non-ordinary states of consciousness in optimizing performance. He is also the Founder of the Flow Research Collective, a research and training organization. The mission of the Flow Research Collective is to understand the science behind ultimate human performance and use it to train up individuals and organizations.By decoding the neurobiology of flow—understanding what is going on in the brain and in the body when humans are performing at their best—the Collective believes they can open up a new possibility space for human potential. Flow Research Collective also trains leaders in all domains to get more flow so they can benefit from the performance enhancements the state provides. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Chicago, Illinois. After attending Orange High School in Cleveland, Ohio, he graduated from the University of Wisconsin, Madison in 1989 with degrees in English and

masks:
Steven Kotler
Steven Kotler
Kotler
Kotler
Kotler


texts:
 Creative Writing. In 1993, he received an MA in Creative Writing from The Johns Hopkins University. Entrepreneur
Flow Research Collective
<mask> is the co-founder and Executive Director for the Flow Research Collective. The Flow Research Collective is a research and training organization.The mission is to understand the science behind ultimate human performance and use it to train up individuals and organizations. By decoding the neurobiology of flow—understanding what is going on in the brain and in the body when humans are performing at their best—we can open up a new possibility space for human potential. We help leaders in every domain get more flow so they can benefit from the performance enhancements the state provides. Amplified productivity. Improved decision making. Heightened creativity. The list goes on.<mask> has worked with clients ranging from Fortune 1000 companies such as Cisco, Google & Deloitte to world class athletes and entrepreneurs to the US Special Forces. Creating Equilibrium
Creating Equilibrium, an environmental summit in Lake Tahoe, CA in 2017,  was founded by <mask>, Gabrielle Hull, Matt Reardon and Antony Randall. <mask> was creator, writer, Co-producer and Key Note speaker of Visions. Rancho de Chihuahua
In 2007, alongside his wife, Joy Nicholson, <mask> co-founded the Rancho de Chihuahua dog sanctuary in Chimayo, New Mexico. Rancho de Chihuahua specializes in hospice care and long term rehabilitation for special needs dogs. <mask>'s experience with Rancho de Chihuahua inspired his 2010 book A Small Furry Prayer: Dog Rescue and the Meaning of Life. The Reporter’s Gym
<mask> is the co-founder, alongside the Los Angeles Lakers and 826 LA, of the Reporter’s Gym, a sportswriting camp for inner-city school children.The program ran for 3 years, between 1997–2000. Author
<mask>’s books and articles often deal with the intersection of science and culture, and

masks:
Kotler
Kotler
Steven Kotler
Steven
Kotler
Kotler
Kotler
Kotler


texts:
 make frequent and extended use of academic work, particularly in the areas of neuroscience, evolutionary theory, ethology, psychopharmacology and psychology. He has written a total of seven non-fiction books Stealing Fire, Tomorrowland, Bold, The Rise of Superman, Abundance, A Small Furry Prayer, West of Jesus, and two novels The Angle Quickest for Flight and Last Tango in Cyberspace.The Art of Impossible

In January 2021, <mask> published The Art of Impossible: A Peak Performance Primer. Stealing Fire
<mask>, alongside Jamie Wheal, have co-authored a book titled "Stealing Fire". The book was published on February 21, 2017 and is a National Bestseller. Stealing Fire brings to light a trillion dollar economy that has gone unnoticed and unnamed for centuries. The book introduces real life examples of "flow states" and the neuroscience that all humans are gifted with to unlock our hidden potential.The authors discuss how "ecstatis" is applied in every industry, the evolution of its research and how it is revolutionizing our world. Tomorrowland
In 2015 May, <mask> released, Tomorrowland: Our Journey From Science Fiction To Science Fact. In Tomorrowland Kotler guides readers on a mind-bending tour of the far frontier, and how these advances are radically transforming our lives. From the ways science and technology are fundamentally altering our bodies and our world (the world’s first bionic soldier, the future of evolution) to those explosive collisions between science and culture (life extension and bioweapons). Bold
In February 2015, <mask> published Bold: How to Go Big, Create Wealth, and Impact the World, his second book with Peter Diamandis. The book discusses the exponential advancement of technology and teaches entrepreneurs how to thrive in such an environment by being nimble and resilient. Bold debuted on the New York Times bestseller list and remained on the list for six weeks,

masks:
Kotler
Steven Kotler
Kotler
Kotler


texts:
 reaching #6 overall.Best Sellers March 29, 2015 New York Times.May 7, 2015 Since its release, Bold has been reviewed by the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, Financial Times, and others.Knee, Jonathan A. Business Books Reveal a Billionaire Obsession New York Times. May 7, 2015 It was named one of the top 25 books read by corporate America in 2015. The Rise of Superman
In 2014, <mask> announced his next book, The Rise of Superman: Decoding the Science of Ultimate Human Performance. The book explores the state of consciousness known as "flow", an optimal state in which humans perform and feel their best. The book includes examples from adventure athletes including big wave surfer Laird Hamilton, skater Danny Way, and big mountain snowboarders Travis Rice and Jeremy Jones. The Rise of Superman explains how extreme athletes are accelerating their flow states to perform better and how people can use the same tactics to accelerate performance in everyday tasks.Abundance

In 2012 Kotler published Abundance: The Future Is Better Than You Think with Peter H. Diamandis. The book revolves around the idea that the world is getting better and in the future most people of the world will have access to clean water, food, energy, health care, education, and everything else that is necessary for a first world standard of living, thanks to technological innovation. The authors argue progress in artificial intelligence, robotics, infinite computing, ubiquitous broadband networks, digital manufacturing, nanomaterials, synthetic biology, and many other growing technologies will enable the human race to make greater gains in the following two decades than in the previous two hundred years. By doing so, the authors suggest humans will have the ability to meet and exceed the basic needs of every man, woman, and child on the planet.Abundance debuted at #1 on both Amazon.com and Barnes &


texts:
 Noble's bestseller lists, and at #2 on the New York Times bestseller list. It remained on the NYT bestseller list for nine weeks, gathering reviews and profiles from outlets including The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, TIME, BusinessWeek, Wired, Slate, and others. Abundance was voted one of the "Top 5 Must Read Business Books of the Year" by Fortune Magazine. A Small Furry Prayer, West Of Jesus & The Angle Quickest for FlightA Small Furry Prayer was a Wall Street Journal and SF Chronicle Bestseller.Angle Quickest for Flight was a SF Chronicle Bestseller and was shortlisted for the William L. Crawford IAFA Fantasy Award. Blogs
Previous blogs of <mask>'s include "Far Frontiers," a blog about technology and innovation for Forbes and "The Playing Field," a blog about the science of sport and culture for Psychology Today. Bibliography

 Nonfiction West of Jesus: Surfing, Science and the Origin of Belief, 2006A Small, Furry Prayer: Dog Rescue and the Meaning of Life, 2010Abundance: The Future Is Better Than You Think, 2012, co-authored with Peter H. Diamandis
The Rise of Superman: Decoding the Science of Ultimate Human Performance 2014Bold: How to Go Big, Create Wealth, and Impact the World, 2015,  co-authored with Peter H. DiamandisTomorrowland: Our Journey from Science Fiction to Science Fact, 2015Stealing Fire: How Silicon Valley, the Navy SEALs, and Maverick Scientists Are Revolutionizing the Way We Live and Work, co-authored with Jamie Wheal, 2017The Art of Impossible: A Peak Performance Primer, 2021

 Novels
 The Angle Quickest for Flight, 1999
 Last Tango in Cyberspace, 2019
 The Devil's Dictionary'', 2022

References

External links
 <mask> Personal web page
 Rancho de Chihuahua <mask>'s dog sanctuary
 Amazon author’s page
 Michael Krasny’s KQED Forum June 11, 2006 interview with <mask>

Journalists from Illinois
Living people
American non-fiction writers
Writers from

masks:
Steven
Steven Kotler
Steven Kotler
Steven Kotler


texts:
Sir <mask>, FBA (born Finkelstein; 20 May 1912 – 23 June 1986) was an American-born British academic and classical scholar. His prosecution by the United States Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security during the 1950s resulted in his relocation to England, where he became an English classical scholar and eventually master of Darwin College, Cambridge. His most notable publication is The Ancient Economy (1973) in which he argued that the economy in antiquity was governed by status and civic ideology, rather than rational economic motivations. Early life
<mask> was born in 1912 in New York City to Nathan Finkelstein and Anna Katzenellenbogen. About 1946, he adopted the surname <mask>. He was educated at Syracuse University, where, aged fifteen, he graduated magna cum laude in psychology, and at Columbia University. Although his M.A.was in public law, most of his published work concerned ancient history, especially the social and economic aspects of the classical world. Career

United States
<mask> taught at Columbia University and City College of New York, where he was influenced by members of the Frankfurt School who were working in exile in America. He then taught at Rutgers University. Red scare
On 5 September 1951, an ex-communist, Karl Wittfogel, testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee that Finley was a communist. On 28 March 1952, <mask> appeared before the Committee and invoked the Fifth Amendment regarding his association with communism. On 7 September 1952, Lewis Webster Jones, the president of Rutgers University, announced his intention to appoint Trustee and Faculty Committees to review the cases of professors involved in government inquiries. On 15 November 1952, FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover met with Jones to discuss the

masks:
Moses Israel Finley
Finley
Finley
Finley
Finley


texts:
 cases.On 12 December 1952, Rutger's Board of Trustees resolution declared, "It shall be cause for immediate dismissal of any member of faculty or staff" to fail to co-operate with government inquiries. On 31 December 1952, Rutgers dismissed Finley. Rutgers University records show:
On 3 December 1952, the Special Faculty Committee issued a report stating there should be no charges against Heimlich or <mask> and that the University should take no further action in the matter. However, the Trustees, who had the final say in the matter, issued a resolution on 12 December 1952: "it shall be cause for immediate dismissal of any member of faculty or staff" who invokes the Fifth Amendment before an investigatory body in refusing to answer questions relating to communist affiliations and that Professors Heimlich and <mask> would be dismissed as of December of 31, 1952 unless they conformed to the new policy. Neither chose to do so. There was protest at the decision by members of the faculty, who formed an Emergency Committee on the matter. In 1954, he appeared before the United States Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security, which asked him whether he had ever been a member of the Communist Party USA.He again invoked the Fifth Amendment and refused to answer. Britain
<mask> immigrated to Britain, where he was appointed university lecturer in classics at Cambridge (1955–1964) and, during 1957, elected to a fellowship at Jesus College. He was reader of ancient social and economic history (1964–1970), professor of ancient history (1970–1979) and master of Darwin College (1976–1982). He gave the 1974 Mortimer Wheeler Archaeological Lecture. He broadened the scope of classical studies from philology to culture, economics, and society. He became a British subject in

masks: Finley Finley Finley


texts:
 1962 and a Fellow of the British Academy in 1971, and was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II during 1979. He was a doctorate adviser to Paul Millett, now a senior lecturer in Classics at the University of Cambridge.Work
Among his works, The World of Odysseus (1954, revised ed. with additional essays 1978) proved seminal. In it, he applied the findings of ethnologists and anthropologists like Marcel Mauss to interpret Homer, a radical method that was thought by his publishers to require a reassuring introduction by an established classicist, Maurice Bowra. Paul Cartledge asserted in 1995, "... in retrospect <mask>'s work can be seen as the seed of the present flowering of anthropologically-related studies of ancient Greek culture and society". Following the example of Karl Polanyi, Finley argued that the ancient economy should not be analysed using the concepts of modern economic science, because ancient man had no notion of the economy as a separate part of society, and because economic actions in antiquity were determined not primarily by economic, but by social concerns. This text was later criticized by, amongst others, Kevin Greene,
who argues that Finley underplays the importance of technological innovation, and C. R. Whittaker,
who rejects the concept of a "consumer city". Marriage and death
In 1932 Finley married Mary (, who later changed to her mother's surname, Thiers), a schoolteacher, and the two enjoyed a happy and mutually reinforcing marriage.On the day of her death he suffered a cerebral haemorrhage, and he died the following day on 23 June 1986 at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge. The New York Times obituary adds: "He had suffered a stroke the previous day, an hour after learning of the death of his wife." Bibliography
 Studies in Land and


texts:
 Credit in Ancient Athens, 500–200 B.C. : The Horos Inscriptions (1951). Economy and Society in Ancient Greece (1953). The World of Odysseus (1954). Aspects of Antiquity: Discoveries and Controversies (1960).The Ancient Greeks: An Introduction to Their Life and Thought (1963). A History of Sicily: Ancient Sicily to the Arab Conquest (1968). Aspects of Antiquity: Discoveries and Controversies (1968). Early Greece: The Bronze and Archaic Ages (1970). The Ancient Economy (1973). Democracy Ancient and Modern (1973). Studies in Ancient Society, editor (1974).The Use and Abuse of History (1975). Schliemann's Troy: One Hundred Years After (1975). Studies in Roman Property, editor (1976). The Olympic Games: The First Thousand Years, with H.W. Pleket (1976). Ancient Slavery and Modern Ideology (1980; expanded edition edited by Brent D. Shaw, 1998). The Legacy of Greece: A New Appraisal (1981).Authority and Legitimacy in the Classical City-State (1982). Politics in the Ancient World (1983). Ancient History: Evidence and Models (1985). <mask> was also the editor of numerous volumes of essays on ancient history. See also

 Morris U. Cohen
 Jack D. Foner
 Morris Schappes
 Rapp-Coudert Committee

Notes

Further reading
 Derks, Hans. "The Ancient Economy: The Problem and the Fraud," The European Legacy, Vol. 7, No.5. (2002), pp. 597–620. Hornblower, Simon. "A gift from whom? : [<mask>'s book The World of Odysseus: Critical Essay]," Times Literary Supplement, 24 December 2004, pp. 18–19.Morris, Ian. "Foreword [to the updated edition]," The Ancient Economy by <mask><mask>. Berkeley; Los Angeles; London: University of California Press, 1999 (paperback, ), pp. ix–xxxvi. Nafissi, Mohammad. "Class, embeddedness, and the modernity of ancient Athens," Comparative Studies in

masks:
Finley
Moses Finley
Moses I
. Finley


texts:
 Society and History, Vol. 46, Issue 2.(2004), pp. 378–410. Nafissi, Mohammad. Ancient Athens and Modern Ideology: Value, Theory and Evidence in Historical Sciences. Max Weber, Karl Polanyi and <mask> (Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies. Supplement; 80). London: Institute of Classical Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of London, 2005 (paperback, ).Shaw, Brent D.; Saller, Richard P. Editors' introduction to Economy and society in ancient Greece (with <mask>'s up-to-date bibliography). London: Chatto & Windus, 1981 (hardcover, ); N.Y.: The Viking Press, 1982 (hardcover, ); London: Penguin Books, 1983 (paperback, ). Silver, Morris. Review of The Ancient Economy, edited by Walter Scheidel and Sitta von Reden", Economic History Services, 3 January 2003. Watson, George. "The man from Syracuse: <mask> (1912–1986)," Sewanee Review, Vol. 112, Issue 1.(2004), pp. 131–137. External links

 Lancaster University Photo of <mask>

1912 births
1986 deaths
20th-century American historians
American classical scholars
American emigrants to the United Kingdom
American male non-fiction writers
City University of New York faculty
Classical scholars of Columbia University
Classical scholars of Rutgers University
Columbia University faculty
Columbia University alumni
English Jews
English classical scholars
English historians
Fellows of Darwin College, Cambridge
Fellows of Jesus College, Cambridge
Fellows of the British Academy
Historians of antiquity
Jewish American historians
Knights Bachelor
Masters of Darwin College, Cambridge
Members of the University of Cambridge faculty of classics
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Syracuse University alumni
Victims of McCarthyism
English Jewish writers
20th-century American male writers
20th-century

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Moses Finley
Finley
Moses Finley
Moses Finley


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<mask>   (, born 6 November 1972) is a Hong Kong physician and epidemiologist, serving as the 40th and current Dean of the Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine at the University of Hong Kong (HKU), where he is also the Helen and Francis Zimmern Professor in Population Health and Chair Professor of Public Health Medicine. Previously, he was Under Secretary for Food and Health at the Government of Hong Kong. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Hong Kong and studied at Wah Yan College. His maternal grandfather was British. He continued his education at Stonyhurst College in Lancashire, England (1986-1989) and Crescent School in Canada (1990). When his family moved to Canada due to his father's job with a multinational company, <mask> undertook his undergraduate education at the University of Western Ontario, majoring in chemistry and minoring music. He then entered the medical school at same university, initially majoring in neurosurgery, eventually switching to public health and completed his family medicine residency training in Toronto.He then received his Master's of Public Health degree from Harvard University in 1999., and earned a research doctorate (Doctor of Medicine) at the University of Hong Kong

Career
<mask> joined the HKU medical faculty as an assistant professor in the Department of Community Medicine (now part of the School of Public Health) in 1999 and became an associate professor when the School of Public Health was formed in 2004. During the SARS outbreak, he established and directed the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group. In 2005, he and Catherine Mary Schooling expanded the Children of 1997 study, which followed 'the majority of all babies born in Hong Kong during April and May 1997', into a life-course epidemiological study. <mask> was a Takemi Fellow at Harvard University from 2004 to 2005, and was promoted to full professor in 2006 after returning to HKU. He also served as the Vice President and Censor in Public Health Medicine at the

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Gabriel Matthew Leung
Leung
Leung
Leung
Leung


texts: Hong Kong College of Community Medicine from 2006 to 2008. In 2008, <mask> left academia and joined the Government of Hong Kong as the first Under Secretary for Food and Health, during which he led the government's response in the 2009 swine flu H1N1 pandemic. He held the position until 2011 when he was appointed the Director of the Office of the Hong Kong Chief Executive.He returned to HKU in 2012 as the head of the Department of Community Medicine until 2013, when the department was incorporated into the School of Public Health, and the inaugural Master of Chi Sun College. He was also the acting director of the School of Public Health during this period. In 2013, <mask> was appointed as the 40th Dean of the HKU Faculty of Medicine and Chair Professor of Public Health. At the age of 40, he was the second youngest dean ever appointed at HKU medical faculty. During his deanship, the Faculty of Medicine launched the Springboard Scholarships and Second Chance Scholarship schemes to recruit students from more diverse backgrounds. A number of major changes to the faculty as a whole also took place under <mask>'s watch, including the amalgamation of Departments of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology into the School of Biomedical Sciences (2015), the founding of the Emergency Medicine Unit (2015), the expansion of the HKU Health System to include Gleneagles Hong Kong Hospital as the fourth and newest teaching hospital (2017), the introduction of enrichment year in the Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) curriculum (2018), and the redevelopment of the Sassoon Road Medical Campus (expected to be completed in 2024). <mask>'s tenure as dean was renewed in 2018 for a 5-year term until 2023.<mask> resigned in November 2021, but would stay until the end of the academic year. <mask> became the interim Director of the School of Public Health, after the former Director, Keiji Fukuda, retired. Outside HKU, <mask> was the founding chair of the Asia Pacific Observatory

masks: Leung Leung Leung Leung Leung Leung Leung


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 on Health Systems Policies from 2010 to 2014, an elected council member of the Hong Kong Academy of Medicine from 2012 to 2019, the founding co-director of the World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control from 2014 to 2018, and a member of the University Grants Committee from 2014 to 2019. He is currently serving on the Hospital Authority Board since 2013, the Steering Committee on Primary Healthcare Development since 2017, the Strategic Technical Advisory Committee of the Asia Pacific Observatory on Health Systems Policies since 2018, the Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health at the Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks Corporation since 2020., and the Global Health Risk Framework Commission. He is also an adjunct professor at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital and an adjunct professorial researcher at the China National Health Development Research Center. During the COVID-19 pandemic, <mask> is one of four experts advising the Chief Executive and the Government of Hong Kong. Academically, <mask> was an editor for the Journal of Public Health between 2007 and 2014, the inaugural co-editor of Epidemics, an associate editor of Health Policy.He is currently the founding deputy editor-in-chief of China CDC Weekly and an editor for the British Medical Journal. <mask> will join the Hong Kong Jockey Club in August 2022 as the Executive Director, Charities and Community, succeeding Leong Cheung; he will report directly to the chief executive officer, Winfried Engelbrecht-Bresges. Personal life
<mask>'s interest in music stems from his mother, who taught music in Belilios Public School. He is the Principal Conductor at the Hong Kong University Students' Union Philharmonic Orchestra, an Honorary Guest Conductor at the Hong Kong Children's Symphony Orchestra, a Director at the Asian Youth Orchestra, and an Executive Committee member at the Hong Kong Arts Festival. Previously, he sat on the Board of Governors of the

masks: Leung Leung Leung Leung


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 Hong Kong Sinfonietta and the Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra (until 1 November 2018). <mask> is one of the initiators of the Hong Kong Coalition, co-founded by 2 former Chief Executives of Hong Kong Tung Chee-hwa and <mask> Chun-ying. Controversies
<mask>'s move to the government in 2008 was controversial as HKU retained his professorship, and he held Canadian citizenship at the time.All Principal officials of Hong Kong, including the Secretaries for the Bureaux, must be filled by Chinese citizens without the right of abode in foreign countries. Although Under Secretaries for the Bureax were not a principal official, they may serve as Acting Secretaries when the Secretaries were unable to hold office. He eventually renunciated his Canadian nationality. On a press conference about the COVID-19 pandemic on 25 January 2020, Leung and attending government officials asked the public to wear face masks but did not do so themselves. He was criticised for claiming he would be unable to speak when wearing a face mask. He apologised the following day. Awards and honours
 Member of the National Academy of Medicine (2018)
 Non-official Justice of the Peace, Hong Kong (2015)
 Faculty of Public Health Service Award, Faculty of Public Health (2014)
 Gold Bauhinia Star, Hong Kong (2012)
 Official Justice of the Peace, Hong Kong (2008)
 Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
 Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians
 Honorary fellow of the Faculty of Public Health

References

1973 births
Alumni of the University of Hong Kong
Harvard University alumni
University of Western Ontario alumni
Hong Kong civil servants
University of Hong Kong faculty
Hong Kong doctors
Living people
Members of the National Academy of Medicine
People educated at Stonyhurst College
Deans (academic)
Hong Kong expatriates in the United Kingdom
Medical journal editors
Hong Kong expatriates in the United States
Hong Kong expatriates in Canada
Members of the Election Committee of Hong Kong,

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<mask> (born 15 October 1953) is a German lawyer and politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who served as European Commissioner for Budget and Human Resources from 2017 to 2019, as European Commissioner for Digital Economy and Society from 2014 to 2016 and as European Commissioner for Energy from 2010 to 2014. He is affiliated with the European People's Party (EPP). He served as Minister-President of Baden-Württemberg between 2005 and 2010 and as chairman of the CDU Baden-Württemberg from 2005 until 2010. Born in Stuttgart, then-West Germany, he graduated from the University of Tübingen. Early life and education
<mask> studied Law and Economics at the University of Tübingen. He worked in an accounting and tax consulting business, before being licensed in 1984 to practice law and worked in this sector until 1988. Political career
Oettinger embarked in politics as a member of the Junge Union, the youth organisation of the CDU; he was chairman of the organization in Baden-Württemberg from 1983 to 1989.From 2001 to 2005 he served as Chairman of the CDU Party in Nordwürttemberg (North Württemberg), and has also been CDU Chairman of the Federal Committee for Media Politics. <mask> was elected as a Member of the State Parliament (Landtag) of Baden-Württemberg in 1984. From 1991 to 2005 he was Leader of the CDU Parliamentary Group. Minister President of Baden-Württemberg, 2004–10
In October 2004 the Minister President of Baden-Württemberg Erwin Teufel announced that he was to step down as Minister President and Chairman of the Baden-Württemberg CDU, effective 19 April 2005. <mask> was elected as his successor by CDU internal party pre-elections. His referendum win – with 60.6 percent of the vote versus 39.4 percent for state Education Minister Annette Schavan – was widely seen at the time as a defeat for Teufel, who had promoted Schavan as his preferred successor. On 29 April 2005, <mask> became Chairman of the CDU in Baden-Württemberg, eight days after succeeding Teufel as Minister President.In 2006 the CDU held onto their majority in the

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 Baden-Württemberg state election; <mask> was re-elected Minister President. <mask> headed a coalition regional government comprising CDU and FDP members. <mask> was a CDU delegate to the Federal Convention for the purpose of electing the President of Germany in 2004 and 2009. Between 2007 and 2009, he served as co-chair (alongside Peter Struck) of the Second Commission on the modernization of the federal state (Föderalismuskommission II), which had been established to reform the division of powers between federal and state authorities in Germany. Following the 2009 federal elections, <mask> was part of the CDU/CSU team in the negotiations with the FDP on a coalition agreement; he joined the working group on economic affairs and energy policy, led by Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg and Rainer Brüderle. On 24 October 2009, Angela Merkel's new centre-right coalition government chose <mask> to be a Commissioner of the European Commission. He took office on 10 February 2010, the same day he stepped down as Minister President of Baden-Württemberg.In a leaked diplomatic cable from the United States Embassy entitled "Lame Duck German Governor Kicked Upstairs as New Energy Commissioner in Brussels," U.S. Deputy Chief of Mission in Germany, Greg Delawie notes: "Chancellor Angela Merkel nominated Baden-Wuerttemberg (BW) Minister President Guenther <mask> as EU Energy Commissioner primarily to remove an unloved lame duck from an important CDU bastion". Delawie's cable further states: "Oettinger is noted for a lackluster public speaking-style, and some commentators have asserted that Merkel, who has often stood out at EU meetings, wanted to appoint a German Commissioner who would not outshine her!" Vice-President of the European Commission in charge of Energy, 2010–14
In the Second Barroso Commission, <mask> was allocated the Energy portfolio, which had just grown in importance after the Lisbon Treaty gave the EU complete authority in the area. At his confirmation hearing before the European Parliament in 2010, Oettinger pledged to enforce the principle of solidarity

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texts: on energy policy as enshrined in the EU's Lisbon Treaty so that no member state could be left disadvantaged. He struck a chord with parliamentarians by basing his security of supply strategy equally on diversifying gas transportation routes from third countries and promoting indigenous renewable energy. Asked about his stance on nuclear energy Oettinger said that although his country Germany sees nuclear as a bridging technology, he had no reservations against France's plans to build more nuclear capacity nor Austria's decision to abandon the technology altogether. The first phase of <mask>'s term was dominated by the Nabucco pipeline debate, his many trips to Azerbaijan and the Caspian region as well as his negotiations with Russian energy company Gazprom.<mask> lobbied both for the Nabucco pipeline and the Trans Adriatic Pipeline, arguing they will be needed in the medium-term as routes to help secure European gas supply. The second phase began with the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in 2011 and the resulting energy transition in Germany. Oettinger advised that there should be no new taxes on energy within the EU, and current taxes should not be raised, if prices are to be kept competitive with rivals fuelled by cheaper shale gas in the US. Throughout his time in office, <mask> regularly made headlines for his comments on constituent EU member countries' economic situations. In remarks published by German media in May 2013, he expressed doubts about France's economic recovery and said "too many in Europe still believe that everything will be fine." France, he said, "is completely unprepared to do what’s necessary," while Italy, Bulgaria and Romania "are essentially ungovernable." <mask> has also repeatedly been in conflict with the German government.In an interview with Die Welt in 2014, he criticized the German Federal Government's plan to allow longer-serving employees to retire at the age of 63 for the message this sent to cash-strapped peripheral eurozone states like Greece, Spain and Portugal. In mid-2014, Oettinger led high-level talks in

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 order to facilitate a deal under which Ukraine would pay Russia $3.1 billion amid a dispute over unpaid Russian gas bills and Russia would deliver the gas Ukraine needs for the winter. Commissioner for Digital Economy and Society, 2014–16
Following the 2014 European elections, both governing parties in Germany – the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and the Social Democratic Party (SPD) – backed <mask> to remain as the German EU Commissioner in the incoming European Commission. At first, Oettinger was widely considered to be a leading candidate to take the position of European Commissioner for Trade, as German Chancellor Angela Merkel was said to consider the negotiations over the controversial TTIP to be one of the most important projects for growth in this legislative term. Instead, Jean-Claude Juncker, President-elect of the European Commission, nominated <mask> as Commissioner for Digital Economy and Society. In this capacity, <mask> was in charge of the Commission's department for communications networks, content and technology. His department gained considerable powers as part of Juncker's administrative reshuffle, including over the fight against counterfeiting, piracy and copyright.He shared competency over cyber-security matters with Dimitris Avramopoulos. Data protection

In a nod to European concerns over data protection, Oettinger expressed his support for stiffer rules currently under consideration that would provide Europeans with a greater say over how their online data is used by the likes of Google, Facebook and other internet companies. He also supported the legal principle known as the "right to be forgotten", in which people have the right to ask that search engines no longer produce certain irrelevant or out-of-date information, when a search is done on the basis of the person's name internet searches. Pushing for a credible global common understanding on confidential and personal information of citizens around the world, <mask> called for the establishment of a UN agency for data protection and data security. Economic policy

In


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 an op-ed published in both the Financial Times and Les Échos in November 2014, Oettinger questioned whether President François Hollande had the "willingness to act" to reform the French economy and said the Commission should insist France undertake "concrete and quantifiable measures coupled with precise deadlines" as a condition for a fresh deficit extension; in response, members of the French Socialists called for <mask> to resign. Commissioner for Budget and Human Resources, 2017–19

On 1 January 2017 <mask> was reassigned to the Budget and Human Resources portfolio, following the resignation of Kristalina Georgieva with effect from 31 December 2016 to take up a new position as chief executive officer of the World Bank. Life after politics
In 2019, <mask> and Friederike Beyer jointly set up Oettinger Consulting, a Hamburg-based advisory firm.Controversies

Eulogy controversy
On 11 April 2007, <mask> gave a controversial eulogy on one of his predecessors as Minister President of Baden-Württemberg, Hans Filbinger. Filbinger had been forced to resign in 1978 after allegations surfaced about his role as a navy lawyer and judge during the Second World War. He died on 1 April at the age of 93. In his speech at the memorial service at Freiburg, Oettinger described Filbinger as "not a National-Socialist" but as "an opponent of the Nazi régime", who "could flee the constraints of the régime as little as millions of others". Referring to Filbinger's role as a naval judge, Oettinger pointed out that no lives were taken by Filbinger's verdicts and that he did not wield the power and freedom suggested by his critics. <mask> was subsequently accused by politicians and the media of playing down the significance of the Nazi dictatorship. German Chancellor Angela Merkel reacted by publicly admonishing him, stating that she would have preferred for "the critical questions" not to be raised.Oettinger was also criticized by opposition politicians and the Central Council of Jews in Germany; some critics even called for his dismissal. <mask> at first defended his

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 speech, adding that he regretted any "misunderstanding" over his eulogy although he did not retract his comments about Filbinger's past. Later however, on 16 April, he distanced himself from his comments. Flag controversy
Oettinger suggested that heavily indebted countries should fly their flag at half-mast over EU buildings. As a result, several MEPs wrote a letter of protest to EU Commission President José Manuel Barroso, demanding his apology or resignation. Oettinger backed down, saying he did not support the idea of flying flags at half-mast. Remarks on Chinese people
In a speech to business leaders in Hamburg on 26 October 2016, Oettinger referred to Chinese people as "slit-eyes" and "sly dogs".He also stated that it was "consistent" that a Chinese delegation was male-only since China doesn't have female quotas. <mask> subsequently received criticism both from European sources and a Chinese government spokesman, and several days later issued a statement apologizing for "any remark that was not as respectful as it should have been". Intervention in Italian politics
On 29 May 2018, commenting in an interview with Deutsche Welle on developments in Italy after the 2018 General Election, <mask> said "Even now, developments on bond markets, the market value of banks, and Italy's economy in general have darkened noticeably and negatively. That has to do with the possible government formation. I can only hope that this will play a role in the election campaign and send a signal not to hand populists on the right and left any responsibility in government." European Council President Donald Tusk and European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker immediately distanced themselves from these remarks and <mask> apologised, explaining "I fully respect the will of voters being left, right or centre and in every country. By referring to actual market developments in Italy, I did not mean to be disrespectful."Other activities

Corporate boards
 Donner & Reuschel, Chair of the Adivsory Board (since 2021)
 Herrenknecht, Member of the Supervisory Board (since

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 2021)
 Kekst CNC, Member of the Global Advisory Board (since 2020)
 Deloitte Deutschland, Member of the Advisory Council (since 2020)
 Amundi Deutschland, Member of the Supervisory Board (since 2020)
 CG Elementum, Member of the Supervisory Board (since 2020)

Non-profit organizations
 German Council on Foreign Relations (DGAP), Member of the Presidium (since 2020)
 Friends of the Dessau-Wörlitz Garden Realm, Member of the Board of Trustees
 Initiative D21, Member of the Advisory Board
 Schule Schloss Salem, Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2010)
 Medien- und Filmgesellschaft Baden-Württemberg (MFG), Member of the Supervisory Board (−2005)

Personal life

Oettinger married Inken Stange in 1994, by whom he has one son. On 9 December 2007, Oettinger and Inken announced that they were separated. Three days later, Oettinger's wife was reported to have already been in a relationship for nine months with Otmar Westerfellhaus, Managing Director of the Porsche car-manufacturing subsidiary in Mannheim. After separating from his wife, Oettinger's liaison with Friederike Beyer, a PR events organiser from Hamburg, who is 25 years his junior, enjoyed wide coverage in the German press. Since 2010, the couple has been residing in Brussels. Honours
  Grand Cross (1st Class), Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (2004)
  Grand Cross, Order for Merits to Lithuania (2013)
 Medal for Extraordinary Merits for Bavaria in a United Europe (2015)
 Medal "Wuerttemberger Koepfe" for his European engagement (2019)

References

External links

 Günther Oettinger Official Media Gallery
 Guenther Oettinger at www.bloomberg.com

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1953 births
Christian Democratic Union of Germany politicians
German European Commissioners
German Lutherans
Living people
Members of the Landtag of Baden-Württemberg
Ministers-President of Baden-Württemberg
Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Recipients of the Order of Merit of Baden-Württemberg
Politicians from Stuttgart
Recipients of the Order for Merits to Lithuania
European


texts:
<mask> (15 December 1900 – 11 September 1982), also known as <mask>-<mask>, was a German painter, printmaker and sculptor. Life

<mask> was born in Biberach an der Riss. After his military service and participation in the First World War, he studied from 1918 to 1922 at the Stuttgart Academy at the classes of Adolf Hölzel, Robert Poetzelberger, Gottfried Graf, Arnold Waldschmidt and at the School of Applied Arts in classes of Heinrich and Friedrich Schneidler. That time was the beginning of his friendship with Willi Baumeister and Oskar Schlemmer. In Schlemmer's Triadic Ballet, he participated later and organized the Paris show in 1932. In 1922 he moved to Munich and continued his studies until 1925. There he studied at Franz von Stuck at the Academy, Hans Hofmann at the School of Fine Arts and took additional lessons from Heinrich Wölfflin at the University.In 1923 and 1924 as a student in Munich he wrote about "the lack of understanding of modern art". Paris

In 1926 he moved to Paris and worked there as a painter, at the same time he also studied at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière (at Othon Friesz and André Lhote). His friends in Paris at that time included Colette, André Derain, Rene Jurdain, Paul Poiret, Maurice Ravel. <mask> followed the invitation of Rene Jurdain to share his studio space, from 1928 to 1934, however, he spent in summertime months in St. Tropez at Madame Aude. In Paris he was in contact with Giorgio de Chirico, Jean Cocteau, Le Corbusier, Raoul Dufy, Aristide Maillol, Henri Matisse and Pablo Picasso. Although an active and recognized member of the Parisian art scene his exhibitions there are poorly documented and researched today. In 1927, he had an exhibition with Arno Breker, who also lived in Paris.Africa
In 1934 the Institute of Morphology, run by Leo Frobenius of the University of Frankfurt offered him a position as an artist. The institute offered <mask> the opportunity to paint without the fear of persecution of the regime. In the same year Frobenius and <mask> made their first expedition to Africa. Two years later their book about South

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Alf Bayrle
Alf Singer
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 Abessinia was published which contains 40 plates in photogravure prints of drawings of <mask> <mask>. Until today these drawings, as well as the unpublished have a great importance from a scientific, ethnographic and artistic point of view. Some other expeditions were made to the South of France, Spain, Libya and Ethiopia. Germany
In 1937 the work-up of the expeditions was finished and <mask> moved to Berlin, where 7 November 1937, where his son  was born, he became also a painter.In 1939 he was drafted into the military and was taken prisoner. The 1943–44 bombing destroyed much of his recent works. In 1948 he was released from war captivity and moved to Frankfurt and opened a studio there, he was a member of the Professional Association of Visual Artists Frankfurt. In the early postwar period, next to his artistic activity he made scenes and decorations, and taught as an art teacher at the Gutenberg school. His studio was at the Röderbergweg in Frankfurt (near the Zoo) in the same house with his son's studio. In 1966 he opened a second studio in Bonn and in 1968 was a founder member of the artist group "semicolon" and a member of the Artist Group Bonn. <mask> never wanted a retrospective of his work, so the great exhibition in 1980 showed mostly contemporary works.<mask> <mask> died in 1982 in Rotthalmünster. When the German author Adam Seide published his novel "Rebecca" in 1987 he dedicated it in memory of the painter <mask> <mask>. Themes
Unlike several of his avant-garde contemporaries, <mask> rejected non-representational painting; instead, he took up and advanced the tradition of figurative painting. His work was influenced by his time with Hans Hofmann, the artists circles in Paris and the expeditions to Africa. During his time in Paris he often painted still life. <mask>s solo exhibition in 1925, shows figurative works inspired by impressionism. His chief interest was even at this time already in cubism and Paul Cézanne, whose work remained important to him throughout his life.Sina Hofmann Ginsburg and Karla Bilang confirmed "a strong Cezannism" in the work of <mask>

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 <mask>. Much of his early work was destroyed by bombing, a fortunate circumstance is that he had sold a lot in the 1920s and 1930s. He discovered as a visitor in 1967, the still life "plant with pineapple" in the exhibition of the Kazimir Hagen collection, which he had painted in Paris in 1929. The Africa-topic influenced him even after the expeditions especially his late work. He started a collection of African art and antiques which he had to sell in the late 1940s. One single known work "Vom Bau des Atlantikwalls" from 1940 ("Building a Bunker, Atlantic Wall" in the Portland Art Museum) shows a scene from his military service. His late work was focused on heads, which he drew in many ways mostly in ink.They represent various emotions and characters and are characteristic for his turn away from classic portraiture. He signed his works with Bay and in some cases with his full name, some sketches and designs he left unsigned. Little known is his work as a graphic designer: His poster "Der Reichskolonialbund ruft auch Dich!" (The Reichskolonialbund calls also you) from 1938 is part of the permanent collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum in London and in the collection of the University of California, Berkeley. Exhibitions (selected)
 <mask> <mask>, Kunsthallen Hansa, Essen 1925
 <mask> <mask> and Arno Breker, Paris 1927
 <mask> <mask> wird 80, Kurfürstliches Gärtnerhaus in Bonn 1980 (Exhibition on his 80th birthday)
 <mask> <mask>, EXPO-Galerie, Frankfurt 1985
 <mask> <mask>, Galerie Rosenberg, 1990
 Objekt Atlas – Feldforschung im Museum. The works of <mask> <mask> in the expeditions, Weltkulturen Museum, 2012. Shown also at: Middlebury College Museum of Art, Vermont 2012 under the title " Environment and object art".See also
 List of German painters

References

External links
 Website of the "Rheinisches Archiv für Künstlernachlässe" which owns the assets of Alf Bayrle

1900 births
1982 deaths
People from Biberach an der Riss
People from the Kingdom of Württemberg
20th-century German painters
20th-century male artists
German male painters
German military personnel of

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<mask><mask> (born May 1, 1962) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins (1985–92), Phoenix/Arizona Cardinals (1993–94), and Miami Dolphins (1995). Early life
<mask> attended and played high school football for the Cougars football team at Pulaski County High School in Dublin, Virginia. College career
<mask> played college football at James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Virginia, where he caught 155 passes for 2,863 yards and 16 touchdowns. He also had three punt returns for touchdowns, including 89- and 87-yard returns in a game during the 1983 season against the University of Virginia. <mask> was at James Madison during the Dukes' first four Division I-AA seasons. He caught 46 passes for James Madison's 8-3 team in 1982 and had 57 receptions in 1983. He was the Virginia offensive player of the year in 1982 and an honorable mention All-American in 1982 and 1983.<mask> became the first person in James Madison history to have his jersey retired. Professional career

USFL
<mask> was selected by the Jacksonville Bulls sixth overall in the 1984 USFL Draft. He led Jacksonville in receiving in his rookie season, in both receptions (56) and receiving yardage (760 yards). He played for the Bulls in 1984 and 1985. NFL
<mask> was selected by the Washington Redskins in the second round of the 1984 NFL Supplemental Draft of USFL and CFL Players. In 1985, he signed with the Redskins and had a superb rookie season, recording 72 receptions for 926 yards and five touchdowns. <mask> quickly established himself as one of the top receivers in the NFL.He followed up his superb rookie season in 1986 with a Pro Bowl year catching 74 passes for 1,265 yards and seven touchdowns. <mask> set a Redskin record

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Gary C
. Clark
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texts: for receiving yards in a game during a Monday Night Football contest with the New York Giants. He caught 11 passes for 241 yards and a touchdown. The record still stands today as the "most receiving yards in a non-strike game" (Anthony Allen surpassed <mask>'s tally during the 1987 strike season). The Redskins went on to finish with a 12-4 record and defeated the reigning Super Bowl champion Chicago Bears, 27-13, in a divisional playoff game but lost to the Giants in the NFC Championship game, 17-0. In 1987, <mask> again had a Pro Bowl year, catching 56 passes for 1,066 and seven touchdowns. He achieved these numbers in only 12 games, as a player strike shortened the season by one game and replacements played three games.No Redskin player crossed the picket line and the replacements went 3-0. <mask> was only one of four NFL receivers to surpass 1,000 yards. By this time, he had caught the eye of CBS commentator John Madden. <mask>'s toughness, big-play ability and willingness to block made him a regular on the All Madden Team during his playing career. The Redskins went on to finish 11-4, winning the NFC East crown. In the playoffs, the Redskins defeated the Chicago Bears in the Divisional Playoff game for the second year in a row, 21-17. <mask> caught three passes for 57 yards and a touchdown in the NFC Championship game against the Minnesota Vikings.The Redskins won, 17-10, to earn the right to play in Super Bowl XXII. <mask> caught three passes for 55 yards and a touchdown, while also rushing for 25 yards in Washington's 42-10 rout of John Elway and the Denver Broncos in Super Bowl XXII. <mask>'s numbers dropped in 1988 as he caught 59 passes for 892 yards and seven touchdowns. The Redskins finished a paltry 7-9 and missed the playoffs. He returned to form in 1989, catching 79

masks: Clark Clark Clark Clark Clark Clark Clark


texts: passes (a career-high) for 1,229 yards and nine touchdowns. The Redskins finished 10-6 but missed the playoffs again because of a 5-6 start. <mask>, along with fellow receivers Art Monk and Ricky Sanders, surpassed the 1,000 yard mark in 1989.This was the second time in NFL History that three receivers from one team all went over the 1,000 yard mark in the same year. In 1990, <mask> had another Pro Bowl year and the Redskins made the playoffs. He caught 75 passes for 1,112 yards and eight touchdowns. The Redskins went on to beat the Philadelphia Eagles, 20-6, in an NFC Wild Card game. <mask> caught four passes for 63 yards and a touchdown. The Redskins lost the next week to the San Francisco 49ers, 28-10. In 1991, <mask> and the Redskins tore through the NFL.He caught 70 passes for 1,340 yards and ten touchdowns. His 19.1 yards per catch was second in the NFL. <mask> caught four passes for 203 yards and three touchdowns in Washington's 56-17 rout of the Atlanta Falcons in week 11. The Redskins finished 14-2, won the NFC East, and claimed home field advantage throughout the playoffs. Washington beat Atlanta, 24-7, and crushed Detroit, 41-10, to earn a berth in Super Bowl XXVI against the Buffalo Bills. <mask> had a big day with seven catches for 114 yards and a touchdown in Washington's 37-24 defeat of the Bills. The Redskins led 24-0 early in the third quarter, but Buffalo cut the lead to 24-10.His 30-yard touchdown reception in the third quarter was instrumental in thwarting a comeback attempt by the Bills. <mask>, Monk, and Sanders gave the Redskins one of the best receiving corps in the NFL during the late 1980s and early 1990s. They were known as The Posse. <mask> was long known as the most fiery spirit of the bunch, and he was known to run laps around RFK Stadium after touchdowns

masks: Clark Clark Clark Clark Clark Clark Clark Clark


texts:
 and during Redskins comebacks. <mask> signed with the Phoenix Cardinals as a free agent prior to the 1993 season, and the Redskins have only made the playoffs five times since, as of the end of the 2020 season. <mask> retired from the NFL after the 1995 season. In his 11 NFL seasons, he caught 699 passes for 10,856 yards and 65 touchdowns, while rushing for 54 yards and gaining 62 yards on nine punt returns.He also had twenty-seven 100-yard games wearing the Redskins uniform. <mask> was a four-time Pro Bowl selection in 1986, 1987, 1990, and 1991. He was also a three-time All-Pro selection. He led his team in receiving seven times (1986, 1987, 1989–1992, 1994), and won two Super Bowls, Super Bowl XXII and Super Bowl XXVI, during his NFL career. <mask> was the first wide receiver in NFL history to catch at least 50 passes in his first ten NFL seasons. As of 2021, the only other players to do so have been Marvin Harrison, Torry Holt and Larry Fitzgerald. Notes
<mask> was the owner of the now closed South Beach Restaurant and Martini Lounge in Bethesda, Maryland.He was inducted into the Redskins Ring of Honor on October 7, 2007 and concluded his speech with, "We are going to spank Detroit's butt." The Redskins won the game, 34-3. In 2007, he was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame. References

External links
 <mask>'s statistics
 More career statistics
 <mask> biography
 JMU Athletic Hall of Fame

1962 births
Living people
American football wide receivers
National Conference Pro Bowl players
Arizona Cardinals players
Phoenix Cardinals players
Miami Dolphins players
Washington Redskins players
James Madison Dukes football players
People from Dublin, Virginia
Players of American football from Virginia
Jacksonville Bulls players
People from Radford, Virginia
10,000 receiving yards

masks:
Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark
Gary Clark


texts:
<mask> (21 July 1933 in Hoboken, Antwerp – 22 October 2005 in Wilrijk, Antwerp) was a Belgian surrealist painter and illustrator. Biography

<mask> (sometimes incorrectly : <mask>) was born on 21 July 1933 in Hoboken (Antwerp). At the age of 16, eager to become a photographer, he attended daytime drawing classes at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts Antwerp and evening courses at the " Vrije Nijverheids- en Beroepsschool",  a school where technicians were trained for the Gevaert factory (now Agfa-Gevaert). He specialised in developing and producing photographic materials. After his military service, during which he had the opportunity to go to the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts of Brussels, he was hired by the photoengraver De Schutter. In 1955 he was hired by Gevaert, where he stayed until his retirement. There he met Leo Dohmen, a great disciple of surrealism, who introduced him to Gilbert Senecaut, who in turn introduced him to :fr:Tom Gutt.These three encounters were critical for the young painter. <mask> <mask>'s first solo exhibition took place in 1963 in the Library-Gallery of Henri Mercier in Brussels, where several paintings (Galathée, L'incorruptible) created a scandal and led to legal complaints. :fr:Tom Gutt reacted by writing a pamphlet in which he accurately described <mask> <mask>'s creative mind. He wrote:

The pamphlet gathered about fifty signatures, but was not well received in France, even by the surrealist group, where some considered Galathée to be an insult to women. <mask> <mask> has often use artistic trends to his advantage, but sometimes preceded them. His picture Tableau reproduces the definition of the word

masks:
Roger Van de Wouwer
Roger Van de Wouwer
Roger Van de Wouver
Roger Van
de Wouwer
Roger Van
de Wouwer
Roger Van
de Wouwer


texts:
 “tableau” (painting) as it is found in the dictionary, long before conceptual art made it common practice. This is only one of the multiple ways he questioned the meaning and function of images.Hence, the work of <mask> <mask> is related to the style of Marcel Duchamp and his ready-made art. However, it also in contradiction with them, namely when he reproduced, with his paintbrush and scrupulous precision, the enlarged picture of an electronic circuit (La Transmission de la pensée) or used images with intriguing scientific origins. At the beginning of his career, more than merely seducing the eyes, every painting forced the mind to think in a different way. Later, he painted series, bringing together on the canvas elements in which the distance in meaning intensifies the power of the image: the cycles of combustion engines together with Manneken Pis, erected members combined with various crosses, diagrams of modern physics embedded in alchemical symbols, etc. There are numerous paintings based on «le défi et la révolte» (challenge and rebellion), as recommended by Paul Nougé. One of these paintings can certainly be understood as a manifesto: it depicts a boxing glove coloured as if it were a painter's palette (La Décantation). Together with  :fr:Gilles Brenta, <mask> <mask> created a series of paintings (Douaniers sans frontières) whose attraction lies in the complementarity of the painters, each completing half-paintings started by the other.This project, completed in 1995, was the last important work of <mask> <mask>, who died 22 October 2005. Solo exhibitions
 1963: <mask> <mask>, Librairie La Proue, Brussels (25 May - 13 June).

masks:
Roger Van
de Wouwer
Van de
Wouwer
Roger Van
de Wouwer
Roger van
de Wouwer


texts: Text signed Ossip-Lourié. 1965: <mask> <mask>, Cogeime s.a., Brussels (13 May - 24 May). 1966: <mask> <mask>, presentation of some works, gallery Onze Schilders, Ostend (1 Juli entire summer). 1968: <mask> <mask>wer, Galerie 44, Brussels (2 May - 31 May). Preface by :fr:Tom Gutt: La Main souveraine.1969: <mask> <mask>wer, Galerie GEBO, Antwerp (25 April - 6 May). Preface by Louis Scutenaire: Chef d'œuvre. On this occasion, presentation of Il est toujours trop tard 1924 - 1928 by Louis Scutenaire, illustrated by <mask> <mask>. 1969: Op-o-mobiles, The Gallery Club, Albert Plage (Knokke) (31 October - 7 January 1970). Prefaced by Louis Scutenaire: Madame, disait Juve, allez rejoindre Fantômas, and Jan Cremer: Mysterie of Komplot. 1972: <mask> <mask>, Œuvres récentes, Galerie Aquarius, Brussels (17 November - 7 December). Texts by Y. Bossut (:fr:Yves Bossut): L'horoscope d'un artisan de la terreur, Irine (Irène Hamoir): Une plante du genre réséda, L. Scutenaire: L'horrible vérité & Jeux faciles, T. Gutt: Le perce-yeux, M. Thyrion: Le retour de <mask> <mask>wer.1980: <mask> <mask>, Galerie La Marée, Brussels (19 April - 29 April). Preface by Tom Gutt. 1984: <mask> <mask>, Galerie La Marée, Brussels (25 February - 10 March). Texts by Jean Wallenborn: Un beau sujet, Louis Scutenaire, Marcel Mariën: L'ôtage à l'accent circonflexe, Irine, :fr:Tom Gutt:La bonne tenue. 1986: <mask> <mask>, Galerie Isy Brachot, Brussels (10 September - 11 October). Text by :fr:Tom Gutt: Écrit dans le genre contemporain. 1992: "roger van de wouwer", Antwerp Sailing Club, Antwerp (25 June - 26 July).1995: Douaniers sans frontières, exhibition of the works in

masks:
Roger van
de Wouwer
Roger van
de Wouwer
Roger van
de Wou
Roger van
de Wou
Roger Van
de Wouwer
Roger van
de Wouwer
Roger Van
de Wou
Roger van
de Wouwer
Roger van
de Wouwer
Roger van
de Wouwer


texts:
 collaboration with :fr:Gilles Brenta, Scheldestraat, 32, Antwerp (11 March - 25 March). 1995: Le Moment agréable, exhibition of the works in collaboration with :fr:Gilles Brenta, Galerie La Marée, Brussels (1 April - 8 April). 2016 : Retrospectieve - <mask> <mask>, :nl:Verbeke Foundation, Kemzeke (17 April - 30 October 2016). 2020: <mask> <mask>wer L'incorruptible - De onkreukbare, :fr:Rouge-Cloitre, 1160 Brussels (31 January - 15 March). Collective exhibitions
 1962: Presentation of the Revue Punt 5, Galerie Guy Dorekens, Antwerp (24 March - 29 March). 1962: Exposition internationale Fantasmagie, Galerie d'Art Jean Dols, Liège (31 March - 12 April): Bérénice showed. 1962: Fantasmagie sur le thème d'Uranus (IVe salon international), Galerie de la Madeleine, Brussel  (van 11/05 tot 23/5): Le signe de Mars (sic) showed.1962: Groepstentoonstelling, Galerie Guy Dorekens, Antwerp (16 June onwards). 1965: 51e Nationaal Salon voor Schone Kunsten, Ghent. 1966: Le Papier, Cogeime s.a., Brussels (3 May - 16 May). 1967: Le Papier II, Cogeime s.a., Brussels (11 April - 24 April). 1969: Introduction au surréalisme en Belgique, Salle communale, La Louvière (26 April - 11 May). 1969: Surréalisme pour ainsi dire, La Jeune Parque, Brussels (17 December - 10 January 1970). 1970: Surrealisme, Galerie GEBO, Antwerp (23 June - 10 July and 3 August - 28 August).1977: La Contre-bande, Galerie La Marée, Brussels (25 March - 2 April). 1978: Menu, Galerie Florence (restaurant-galerie d'art), Brussels (10 June - 31 August). 1982: La Marée se retire, Galerie La Marée, Brussels (16 January - 23 January). 1983: Goden en idolen, De Warande, Turnhout (12 March -

masks:
Roger Van
de Wouwer
Roger Van
de Wou


texts:
 10 April). 1984: Art et Sport, Musée des Beaux-Arts, Mons (23 March - 3 June). 1986: Le Surréalisme en Belgique I, Galerie Isy Brachot, Paris (16 April - 10 July). 1986: Arte e Alchimia, Venice Biennale (29 June - 28 September).1990: Tire la langue: un pays d'irréguliers, Centre culturel du Botanique, Brussels (26 September - 11 November). 1991: Les Irréguliers du langage, Musée d'Art Contemporain, Dunkerque (3 May - 10 June). 1992: Woord en Beeld, MuHKA, Antwerp (27 June -  15 November). 1992: Les irréguliers du langage, Casa Museo Murillo, Sevilla (24 September - 29 November). 1992: Hommage à Michel Thyrion, Librairie Crucis, Brussels (20 November - 9 December). 1993: Les irréguliers du langage, Commissariat aux Relations internationales de la communauté française de Belgique, travelling version with 80 panels with reproductions. 1995: Paul Nougé, Maison du Spectacle La Bellone, Brussels (14 February - 15 April).1995: Le Surréalisme en Belgique, Espace Sculfort, Maubeuge (17 November - 7 January 1996). 1996: « Ce qui est attirant est beau », Irène, Scutenaire, Magritte and C° Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels, (13 September - 15 December). 1998: Les affinités suffisantes, Musée Ianchelevici, La Louvière (19 September - 25 October). 2004: Le Surréalisme en Belgique, National Museum of Art of Romania, Bucharest (7 October - 5 December). 2006: Arts et Sciences, scientific exhibition, Maison de la Science, Liege (8 May - 30 October)
 2007: Le Surréalisme en Belgique 1924-2000, BAM, Mons (18 March - 19 August)
 2010: Collages@Romantiek, Galerie Alfons Blomme & former National Bank, Roeselare (6 February - 28 February).


texts:
 2010: Deurnroosje, exhibition in shop-windows, Turnhoutsebaan, Deurne (18 August - 22 August). 2011: Oh Crisis 2.0, Huize Frankendael, Amsterdam (28 March - 28 May).2012: Un abécédaire pour La Louvière, Centre de la Gravure et de l'Image imprimée, La Louvière (29 September - 6 January 2013)
 2014: Abécédaire du surréalisme , Centre Wallonie-Bruxelles, Paris (6 February - 6 April). 2015: The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie, Surrealism in Belgium, The Baker Museum, Naples, Florida, USA (31 January - 3 May). 2017: Collages & Assemblages (Book release - illustrated), :nl:Verbeke Foundation, Kemzeke (23 April - 30 October). 2018: Imaginaire et Figuration dans l'art du Collage, :fr:Centre d’Art de Rouge-Cloître, Brussels (8 June - 22 July). 2019: Magische collages, :nl:Stedelijk Museum Schiedam,  (19 October 2019 - 19 January 2020). 2019: Surrealism in Knokke, Gallerij Ronny Van de Velde, (15 December - 1 January 2020). Individual publications
 Un Conte de Fées, Berchem-Antwerpen, Les Editions de la Serfouette, 1967 (21 drawings) with images of paintings.Preface & afterword of Gilbert Senecaut (Faites vos jeux! - Rien ne va plus!). J'ai montré quelquefois ce que l'homme croit voir, Berchem-Antwerpen, Les Editions de la Serfouette, 1968 (1 drawing accompanied by two texts of Claudine and :fr:Tom Gutt). Deux farceurs (in collaboration with :fr:Yves Bossut), s.l., s.d. (c. 1969). Les croisades, Brussels, :fr:Le Vocatif, n° 2, November 1972 (6 drawings). Untitled, Brussels, :fr:Le Vocatif, n° spécial, November 1972 (on the occasion of the exhibition in the galery Aquarius) (6 drawings).Untitled, Brussels, :fr:Le Vocatif, n° 57, March 1974


texts:
 (6 drawings). Untitled, Brussels, :fr:Le Vocatif, n° 102, February 1976 (6 drawings). Conchyliologies, Brussels, :fr:Le Vocatif, n° 135, June 1977 (4 drawings). Untitled, Frassem-Arlon, Le Bon Plaisir, 1st series, without n°, 30 November 1985 (1 drawing). Douaniers sans frontières, in collaboration with :fr:Gilles Brenta (two books with 12 drawings each), Brussels, Une passerelle en papier, 1995. Illustrations
 :fr:Tom Gutt, Ambages, s.l., 1967 (1 drawing). Gilbert Senecaut, On ne change pas d'épaule un fusil à deux coups, Brussels, collection "Une passerelle en papier", 1968 (2 drawings).Louis Scutenaire, Il est toujours trop tard 1924 - 1928, 10 engravings of <mask> <mask>, Berchem-Antwerpen Les Editions de la Serfouette, 1969.
 :fr:Tom Gutt, L'ordre alphabétique, Brussels, 1970 (12 drawings). Louis Scutenaire, Mes Inscriptions 1945 - 1963, Brussels, 1976 (one of the 15 engravings of the 120 deluxe copies). Gilbert Senecaut, Livraison sans domicile précédé de A dessein dessin et demi, Brussels, Brassa, 1980 (29 drawings). Louis Scutenaire, La Citerne, Brussels, Brassa, 1987 (portrait of the author in ink). :fr:Henri Pastoureau, Le cycle de Berlin, Brussels, Une passerelle en papier, 1988 (2 drawings). :fr:André Thirion, Portrait d'André Breton suivi de Bavardages et Parodies, Brussels, 1989 (reproduction of the portrait of André Breton). Michel Thyrion, L'imagination du chien, Brussels, Une passerelle en papier, 1996 (9 drawings).Jacques Wergifosse, Variations sur un thème, Brussels, 2001 (portrait of the author in ink). Jacques Wergifosse, Troisième chanson perdue, Brussels, Collection La Chanson perdue, 2001 (1 drawing). :fr:Tom

masks:
Roger van
de Wouwer


texts:
 Gutt, Jean Wallenborn, La porte ouverte est fermée, Les Editions de Furfooz, 2015 (1 drawing). Films
 About <mask> <mask>:

A bout portant, a film bout <mask> <mask>, directed by <mask>, written by Jean Wallenborn and <mask>, produced by PBC Pictures, Ambiances asbl, RTBF/Unité Documentaire, with support of the Centre du Cinéma et de l'Audiovisuel de la Communauté Française de Belgique and the Walloon  distributors (2006). Mentioning <mask> <mask>wer:

Le Désordre alphabétique, a film about surrealism in Belgium, written and directed by <mask>, produced by Image Création (2012). Bibliography
 C.E. [Chiara Elefante], <mask> <mask> (Hoboken(Antwerp - Belgium) 1933), L'Auberge espagnole in Arlecchino senza Mantello, s.l.d.Ruggero Campagnoli and Marc Quaghebeur, Rimini, Panozzo Editore, 1993 (with one reproduction). <mask> Leen, in Irène, Scut, Magritte and C°, Brussels, Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium, 1996 (with 3 reproductions). Xavier Canonne in catalogue of Le Surrealisme en Belgique, Musée National d'Art de Roumanie - Communauté française de Belgique-MNaR, 2004. Jean Wallenborn, La violence tranquille, Paris, Infosurr, n° 66, November–December 2005 (with 1 drawing). Xavier Canonne in Catalogue of Le Surréalisme en Belgique 1924-2000, Mons, BAM, 2007. Jean Wallenborn, <mask> <mask> Wouwer L'incorruptible, Kemzeke, Verbeke Foundation, 2016 (illustrated). José Miguel Pérez Corrales, Caleidoscopio surrealista, Tenerife, La Pagina Ediciones, 2017.References

1933 births
2005 deaths
Artists from Antwerp
People from Hoboken
Belgian surrealist artists
Belgian illustrators
20th-century Belgian painters
Royal Academy of Fine Arts

masks:
Roger Van
de Wouwer
Roger Van
de Wouwer
Claude François
Claude François
Roger Van
de Wou
Claude François
Roger van
de Wouwer
Frederik
Roger Van
de


texts:
<mask> is an American writer who authored the 2018 book Clean Meat: How Growing Meat Without Animals Will Revolutionize Dinner and the World. He's also the CEO and cofounder of The Better Meat Co. and the host of the Business for Good Podcast. Prior to publishing Clean Meat, he was known for being an animal protection advocate, both as the founder of Animal Outlook (formerly Compassion Over Killing) and a Vice President at the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS). Personal life
<mask> is married to Toni Okamoto, author of The Super Easy Vegan Slow Cooker Cookbook and another cookbook titled Plant-Based on a Budget. TEDx Talks
<mask> is a TEDx speaker, giving talks on a number of topics, including:
TEDx SouthLakeTahoe in 2017: Clean Meat: The Clean Energy of Food
TEDx Mid-Atlantic in 2018: What Will Future Generations Think of Our Treatment of Animals? TEDx SunValley in 2017: We Are Better than How We Treat Animals
TEDx University of Baltimore in 2018: Are We Doing More to Protect Aliens than Life on Earth? Clean Meat
Shapiro's book Clean Meat: How Growing Meat Without Animals Will Revolutionize Dinner and the World, is the first book to explore the work of start-ups that are growing real animal products without animals.It was named as Washington Post bestseller in the week of January 7, 2018. Reviews
Wall Street Journal: ‘Clean Meat’ Could Make Livestock Obsolete
NPR: Clean Meat, Via Lab, Is On The Way”
Fast Company: Our ‘Clean Meat’ Future Will Be Radical—But Also Inevitable
Sydney Morning Herald: Brave new burger – the race to put lab grown meat on the table
Psychology Today: Clean Meat Will Revolutionize Our Meals and the Entire World
Big Think: Lab-Grown "Clean Meat" is Almost Here. Will You Eat It? Pacific Standard: Meat, Without All of the Blood and Guts
Kirkus: Clean Meat

masks:
Paul Shapiro
Shapiro
Shapiro


texts:
 review

Excerpts and commentaries
Scientific American: Lab-Grown Meat is on the Way
Reuters: Science fiction no more, can lab-grown meat feed — and save — the world? Quartz: Meet the startup that makes milk—without cows
The Guardian: Lab-made meat could be the next food revolution
Motherboard: Chicken Might Be the First Lab-Grown Meat to Make It to Your Grocery Store
Globe and Mail: Why holiday meals might look radically different in the near future”

Lab-grown leather-bound book
A copy of Clean Meat is the first book to be have been bound in lab-grown leather. The book, bound in “clean” leather grown by biotech start-up Geltor, was auctioned off on eBay on January 22, 2018 for $12,790. The leather-bound book was featured in many news stories, including:
San Francisco Chronicle: “San Leandro lab’s secret foray yields animal-free leather”
Newsweek: “World’s First Animal-Free Leather Bound Book on Ebay for $10,000”
Smithsonian Magazine: “This Book Is Bound in Lab-Grown Jellyfish Leather”
Good Food Institute: “World’s First-Ever Clean Leather-Bound Book!”

The Better Meat Co.
Shapiro co-founded The Better Meat Co. in early 2018 and serves as its CEO.The company's goal is to help meat producers improve sustainability by blending in the start-up's plant-based proteins in their ground meat products. In 2019. Perdue partnered with The Better Meat Co. and started using The Better Meat Co.’s plant-based formula in its blended line of chicken tenders, nuggets, and patties called Perdue Chicken Plus. Business for Good Podcast
<mask> co-founded the Business for Good Podcast with his partner Toni Okamoto in 2018. The two co-hosted the first season. <mask> is the sole host of the podcast’s second season. The show features companies and investors with a social mission to help solve problems such as pollution,

masks: Shapiro Shapiro


texts:
 food waste, unhealthy eating, animal cruelty, and more.Work with Compassion Over Killing
When he was thirteen years old, <mask> stopped eating meat as a result of learning about the methods of meat production. About one month later, he stopped eating eggs and dairy. While a high school student at Georgetown Day School in 1995, <mask> founded the animal advocacy organization Compassion Over Killing, and served as an undercover investigator and its campaigns director until 2005. Compassion Over Killing became well known for its investigative work exposing conditions for farm animals on factory farms, at livestock auctions, and at slaughter plants. <mask> helped spearhead the campaign to end the use of the "Animal Care Certified" logo on egg cartons in the United States. In that case, the egg industry was labeling eggs from hens confined in battery cages as "Animal Care Certified." After Better Business Bureau rulings, federal petitions, investigations at "Animal Care Certified" egg facilities leading to media exposés, and other efforts, in September 2005, the Federal Trade Commission announced that the logo would be removed from egg cartons nationwide.<mask> received a B.A. from George Washington University in 2001, where he majored in peace studies and minored in religion. He taught peace studies at a public high school in Washington, D.C. He was profiled in a 2003 Washington Post Style section article entitled "Animal Pragmatism: Compassion Over Killing Wants to Make the Anti-Meat Message a Little More Palatable". In 2020, Compassion Over Killing changed its name to Animal Outlook. Work with the Humane Society of the United States, sexual harassment allegations
From 2005 through 2016, <mask> led many of HSUS's efforts to protect farm animals, including serving as Vice President of the

masks: Shapiro Shapiro Shapiro Shapiro Shapiro


texts:
 organization's Farm Animal Protection campaign, including efforts to convince retailers, food service providers, and universities to end their use of eggs from battery-caged birds, pork from gestation-stalled pigs, and to expand their vegan options. Additionally, the Farm Animal Protection campaign played a significant role in helping enact Proposition 2 in California, a 2008 ballot initiative that phases out veal crates, battery cages, and gestation crates in the nation's largest agricultural state.The campaign was also central in Proposition 204, a successful 2006 Arizona ballot initiative that phases out gestation crates and veal crates, as well as Question 3, a 2016 similar Massachusetts ballot initiative. It has also helped pass laws to phase out gestation crates and other agricultural confinement practices in numerous other states. In 2008, <mask> was inducted into the Animal Rights Hall of Fame. In September 2016, six female employees at HSUS filed a complaint with HSUS human resources representatives over a pattern of inappropriate sexual behavior they had witnessed over the preceding six years. A month later <mask> was moved to a different department to "advance HSUS' broader agenda." He subsequently served as HSUS's Vice President of Policy for 16 months before departing to release Clean Meat in January 2018. While at HSUS, <mask> also authored "Moral agency in other animals", published in the 2006 edition of Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics.He was also a contributor to Animal Welfare in Animal Agriculture. Articles

See also

Cultured meat
Food technology
Plant-based diet
Animal protectionism
 List of animal rights advocates

References

External links

Clean Meat official website

1979 births
Living people
American activists
American animal rights activists
George Washington

masks: Shapiro Shapiro Shapiro


texts:
<mask>  (born 11 March 1993) is an Australian representative rower. He is an Australian national champion, a dual Olympian, an Olympic gold and silver medallist and was the 2017 and 2018 world champion in the coxless four. He stroked the Australian men's coxless four to a gold medal victory at the Tokyo Olympics. Club and state rowing
<mask> grew up in Loxton, South Australia. He attended Loxton North Primary School and took up rowing at Prince Alfred College in Adelaide. His senior club rowing has been from the Adelaide Rowing Club. In 2012, from 2014 to 2017 and in 2019 <mask> was seated in the South Australian state representative men's eights competing for the King's Cup at the Interstate Regatta within the Australian Rowing Championships.In those crews he won five bronze and one silver medals. In 2019 and 2021 he was also selected as South Australia's single-sculling representative to contest the President's Cup at the Interstate Regatta. He won both those national titles. In 2014 in Adelaide Rowing Club colours, he contested the national coxless pair title at the Australian Rowing Championships with Angus Moore. In 2013 he contested the national coxless pair title in an Australian selection composite crew and placed second. In 2019 at the Australian Rowing Championships he won the open men's single scull title in Adelaide colours. In 2021 rowing with Angus Dawson he won an Australian championship title in the open men's coxless pair in addition to winning the Australian championship title in the coxless four with his national training centre crewmates.In 2021 he started to coach with the Adelaide school Prince Alfred College in their senior squad whilst on break from formal national training. International career
<mask> made his Australian representative debut in a

masks:
Alexander Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill


texts: junior men's coxed four selected to contest the 2011 Junior World Rowing Championships at Eton Dorney. That crew won gold. The following year he was in the Australian U23 eight competing at the 2012 World Rowing U23 Championships in Trakai Lithuania. In a crew with Spencer Turrin with whom <mask> would later enjoy World Championship success, <mask> and the Australian eight took the bronze medal. In 2013 <mask> was elevated to the Australian senior squad. He rowed in a coxless pair at the World Rowing Cup I in Sydney, then in a coxless pair with Angus Moore at the World Rowing Cup III.He and Moore took that pair to the World Championships in Linz where they won an U23 World Championship silver medal. A month later at the 2013 World Rowing Championships in Chungju, Korea <mask> rowed in the four seat of an Australian men's eight who placed seventh. In 2014 he kept his seat in the Australian men's eight racing at two World Rowing Cups and then at the 2014 World Rowing Championships again to seventh place. At the 2015 World Rowing Championships on Lac d'Aiguebelette, Aiguebelette in France he won the silver medal in the men's coxless four  in a crew with Will Lockwood, Spencer Turrin and Josh Dunkley-Smith. In 2016 along with Dunkley-Smith, Lockwood and Joshua Booth, <mask> was selected to stroke the Australian men's coxless four to compete at the 2016 Rio Olympics. They won their heat and semi-final and took the silver medal behind Great Britain in the final. In 2017 <mask> held his seat as stroke of in Australia's coxless four with Turrin,  Joshua Hicks and Jack Hargreaves.They took gold at the World Rowing Cup II in Poznan and then raced in the Australian men's senior eight at the WRC III in Lucerne to a silver medal. At the 2017 World Rowing Championships in Sarasota

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