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 September 2016 starring World Champion and Olympic Gymnast Chellsie Memmel. According to Kathryn Jean Lopez of National Review, "The timing of this adaptation by playwright Jeffrey Fiske may just be an opportunity to catch millennial "nones" with an invitation. It's also a nudge to conservatives and others to get creative. Polemics alone won't change the world."Writing also for National Review, Stanley Kurtz noted that this play could serve as a test of free speech on other college campuses. "What if The Loser Letters were to go on a tour that included some secular colleges?," he asked. "I'd like to believe the play would be courteously received at any school, but I can't help feeling that heads might explode—with protests or worse to follow. I only hope we get a chance to find out." Recognition
In 2014, <mask> gave Seton Hall University's commencement address and was awarded an honorary degree. The choice of Eberstadt as the school's commencement speaker brought dissent from some faculty members, who objected that her values were not consistent with those of the university. USA Today listed Eberstadt's address in its compilation of notable 2014 commencement speeches, alongside the speeches of John Kerry, John Legend, and Eric Holder.In 2014, the Siena Symposium for Women, Family, and Culture at St. Thomas University in Minnesota awarded Eberstadt a Humanitarian Leadership Award. She also received a Leadership Award from the Catholic Lawyers' Guild of Nebraska that same year. In 2009, Mt. St. Mary's University in Emmitsburg, Maryland awarded its Presidential Medal of Honor to Eberstadt and her husband, Nicholas. References

External links

20th-century American essayists
21st-century American novelists
21st-century American essayists
21st-century American women writers
American animal welfare scholars
American magazine editors
American Roman Catholics
Cornell University alumni
Hoover Institution people
Critics of atheism
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American women essayists
American women novelists
Women


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<mask><mask> (born August 21, 1982) is a former American college and professional football player. <mask> was a consensus All-American running back for Virginia Tech in 2003 and selected in the first round of the 2004 NFL Draft. <mask> played professionally for six seasons (2004–10) for the Detroit Lions and Chicago Bears in the National Football League (NFL). Early years

High School
<mask> was born in Chester, Pennsylvania. With his natural ability and his father's training regimen, he became a highly conditioned athlete at a very young age. <mask> was a multi-sport athlete in high school (1997-2001) and competed at the varsity level as a freshman at Cardinal O'Hara High School in Springfield Township, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. Track and field
<mask> was a star track and field athlete, excelling in the 60 meters (6.79 sec), 100 meters (10.59 sec), long jump (6.92 m) and triple jump (14.57 m).Football
O'Hara Head football coach, George Stratts reluctantly started <mask> as a freshman. <mask> had immediate success on the field and was a four-year starter, breaking many school records. As a senior, he led his team to a Philadelphia Catholic League Championship and became the Catholic League's all-time leading rusher. <mask> is the inaugural winner of the U.S. Army Player of the Year Award, named the "Hall Trophy", which is presented to the best high school football player in the country. Other notable recipients of the award include: Adrian Peterson, Jimmy Clausen, and Terrelle Pryor. College choice reveal
In 2000, <mask> was the No.1 overall recruit in the nation. Courted by many colleges, <mask> narrowed his choices to Penn State and Virginia Tech.To the surprise of many, <mask> chose to

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. Jones
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 become a Hokie, making his decision the day after a home visit from Virginia Tech Head Coach, Frank Beamer. <mask> said of his decision, "If you're a blue-chipper from Pennsylvania, you go to Penn State. But I've always been a little contrary. On the day of my press conference, I still hadn't decided between Virginia Tech and PSU. As I sat down in front of everybody, I had both jerseys with me. I pulled the Penn State jersey out of a bag and said, "I will ... not be attending Penn State." Then I ripped off my sweater and had a Mike Vick jersey on underneath.The entire room was flabbergasted." <mask>' college reveal was so highly anticipated that it was covered nationally, and televised by several local news stations. Since then, the use of props (hats, shirts, gear, music etc.) by recruits to announce their college choice has become a staple of the recruiting experience. The phenomenon can be credited to <mask>, who was the first to ever do so with his reveal in 2000. College career
<mask> played for Virginia Tech and Hall of Fame coach Frank Beamer, from 2000 to 2003. He is the highest rated recruit to ever commit to the Virginia Tech football program.During his freshman season, <mask> assumed the starting job, after an injury to starter, Lee Suggs. <mask> set a school record for rushing yards for a freshman. In 2002, Suggs and <mask> split time at tailback, and were together called "The Untouchables" as a result of a fan contest for giving the duo a nickname. <mask> finished his college career with 3,475 yards and 35 touchdowns on 616 carries (an average of 5.6 yards per carry), and 24 receptions for 229 yards (an average of 9.5 yards per reception). His 3,475 rushing yards and 35 touchdowns both

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 rank second on the school's career-record list. He was elected to the Virginia Tech Sports Hall of Fame in 2016. Stats
2001: 175 carries for 957 yards (5.47) and 5 TD.6 catches for 47 yards. 2002: 160 carries for 871 yards (5.44) and 9 TD. 4 catches for 21 yards. 2003: 281 carries for 1647 yards (5.86) and 21 TD. 14 catches for 161 yards. Professional career

Detroit Lions
<mask> had a successful rookie season with the Detroit Lions and became only the third running back in franchise history to rush for over 1,000 yards in his rookie season, joining the ranks of Billy Sims and Hall of Famer Barry Sanders. He was sidelined at the end of the 2006 season with a foot injury.In 2007, <mask> began the season in a backup role. He became the starter in Week 7 against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He rushed for 105 yards on 23 carries and one touchdown in a Week 8 victory over the division rival Chicago Bears. However, he suffered another season-ending injury. On March 13, 2008, the Lions released <mask>. Chicago Bears
On July 15, 2008, <mask> signed a one-year, $605,000 contract with the Chicago Bears. He was re-signed to a two-year contract worth approximately $3.5 million on March 6, 2009.The deal includes a $1 million bonus and $2 million in the first season. He was intended to be the primary backup to Matt Forte. On September 3, 2009, <mask> was injured during a preseason game when he was hit out of bounds by Cleveland Browns linebacker Marcus Benard. He was out for the 2009 season with torn ligaments in his left ankle. <mask> was released on March 9, 2010 after the Bears signed Chester Taylor during the free agency period. Hartford Colonials
On September 27, 2010, <mask> signed with the Hartford Colonials

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 of the UFL. In his only season with the Colonials, <mask> played in two games where he rushed for 41 yards on 16 carries before being placed on injured reserve on October 21, 2010.Personal
<mask> retired from football in 2011 and returned to Virginia Tech as a student later that year to study industrial design in the College of Architecture and Urban Studies. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in industrial design in 2014. While interning at a furniture design company in Switzerland, <mask> manned the position of "grinder" as the only American in a 22-man crew aboard the 68 ft. racing yacht,  Caol ila R. By the summer of 2014, <mask> had worked five races with the team. In 2014, Virginia Tech hired <mask> as "Special Assistant to the Athletic Director". <mask> stepped down from the position on June 12, 2016. In 2015, <mask> co-founded the  design firm Void Design Haus in Blacksburg, Virginia, with Alex Barrette. They changed the company name to JoBa in 2016, as a combination of their last names.On June 3, 2019, the Tampa Bay Buccaneers introduced <mask> as a Bill Walsh Coaching Fellow, in a running backs coaching position role for the 2019 Mini-Camp. References

External links
Virginia Tech Hokies bio
Racing Yacht 68' IRC-Racer-Caol-ila-R
Void Design Haus

1982 births
Living people
African-American players of American football
All-American college football players
American football running backs
American male sailors (sport)
Chicago Bears players
Detroit Lions players
Hartford Colonials players
Players of American football from Pennsylvania
Sportspeople from Chester, Pennsylvania
Virginia Tech Hokies football players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American

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<mask>or Steffano<mask> (18 March 1580 – 15 February 1637), also known as "il Moretto", was an Italian priest, composer and music theorist. Born in Verona and maestro di cappella at the Verona Cathedral from 1611 to 1622, he later moved to Salzburg, where he was responsible for the music at the Salzburg Cathedral and composed a Te Deum for 12 choirs performed at the cathedral's consecration in 1628. <mask>'s career spanned the transition from late Renaissance music to early Baroque, with some of his works in the polyphonic style of Palestrina and others in the new concertato style. He composed both sacred and secular music, including several masses and motets as well as sinfonias and three books of madrigals. He also wrote a treatise on counterpoint published in 1615. Biography
<mask> was born in Verona and educated at the Scuola Accolitale (Acolyte College) attached to the Verona Cathedral, where he also sang in the choir under Ippolito Baccusi. By 1602 he was a paid musician at the court of Count Mario Bevilacqua and at the Accademia Filarmonica in Verona.In 1606, the Accademia elevated his position to maestro della musica (Music Master). The following year Bernardi went to Rome for further training and stayed there for four years, becoming the maestro di cappella of Santa Maria ai Monti in 1610. He returned to Verona in 1611 when he was offered the same position at the Verona Cathedral as the successor to Francesco Anerio. He held that post until 1622 and during that time was also closely associated with the Accademia Filarmonica. He published a treatise on counterpoint, Porta musicale, in 1616 primarily for the students at the Scuola Accolitale where he also taught. Amongst his students in Verona in those years were Antonio Bertali and Pietro Verdina. In 1622 <mask> left Verona to take up a post as Director of Court Music to Archduke Carl Joseph, Bishop of Breslau and Brixen.Following the Archduke's

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 death in 1624, Bernardi settled in Salzburg, where he was to become the Director of Court Music for Paris von Lodron, the Prince-Bishop of Salzburg, a position he held until 1634. As such, he was also deeply involved in the musical life of Salzburg Cathedral, where he was one of the first composers to introduce the new Italian concertato style. For its consecration in 1628, Bernardi composed a Te Deum (music now lost) sung by twelve separate choirs placed in the various marble galleries of the cathedral. While in Salzburg, he was ordained a priest and also received a doctorate in canon and civil law. Towards the end of his life, Bernardi returned to Verona where he died in 1637. Works
Most of Bernardi's works were published in his lifetime, primarily in Venice by Giacomo Vincenti, and later by Alessandro Vincenti who also published a posthumous collection of Bernardi's Messe a otto voci (Masses for eight voices) in 1638. Two collections of his works were published in Rome: Motecta (motets) for two to five voices in 1610, four of which were also anthologized by Georg Victorinus in his Siren coelestis published in Munich in 1616, and a collection of madrigals for three voices in 1611 which also contains a six-part "peasants' masquerade".The music has been lost for two of the works he composed in Salzburg, the Te Deum and a dramatic work (title unknown). However Encomia sacra for two to six voices which he wrote in Salzburg was published there by Gregor Kyrner in 1634. His Salmi concertati for five voices published in 1637 is considered particularly important for the way the psalms highlight an alto or soprano soloist against a four voice choir which echoes the beginnings and endings of the solo passages. In addition to five psalms for vespers, the collection also contains a Magnificat and the hymn, Jesu nostra redemptio. Another important work was the Concerti Accademici which <mask> composed for the


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 Accademia Filarmonica in Verona between 1615 and 1616. Originally published in 1616 and containing what Magnabosco considers his finest pieces of secular music, it consists of ten madrigali concertati (concerted madrigals) and eight sinfonias. A modern edition of the Concerti Accademici by Flavio Cinquetti and Matteo Zenatti, with critical revision and an essay by Marco Materassi was published in 2008."<mask>, <mask>" in The New Oxford Companion to Music. Oxford University Press, p. 215. (also reprinted on arts.jrank.org. Accessed 22 November 2010)
 Buelow, George J. (2004). A History of Baroque Music. Indiana University Press.Fisher, Alexander (2008). "Celestial Sirens and Nightingales: Change and Assimilation in the Munich Anthologies of Georg Victorinus ", Journal of Seventeenth-Century Music Volume 14, no. 1. Jensen, Niels Martin (1992). "The Instrumental Music for Small Ensemble of Antonio Bertali: The Sources". Danish Yearbook of Musicology  Volume 20 pp. 25–43
 Kurtzman, Jeffrey G. (1995).Vesper and Compline Music for One Principal Voice. Routledge. Magnabosco, Michele (2007). "<mask>i: il primo dei moderni". Cadenze. Accademia Filarmonica di Verona, Anno III n. 10 June–August 2007. Randel, Don Michael (ed.)(1996). "Bernardi, <mask>" in  The Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music. Harvard University Press (1996) pp. 73–74. ,
 Sadie, Julie Anne (1998) "Bernardi, <mask>" in Companion to Baroque Music. University of California Press, pp. 80–81.Sadie, Stanley (2006). Mozart: The Early Years 1756-1781. Oxford University Press. External links
 Kraibacher, Michael. Biography of <mask> and List of directors of court music in Salzburg on Salzburg City of Music. Accessed 22 November 2010. Italian male classical composers
Italian Baroque composers
Classical composers of church music
Musicians from Verona
1570s births
1637 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
17th-century Italian composers
17th-century male

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<mask>. (born December 16, 1948) is an American lawyer and politician who served as the 41st Governor of Illinois, from 2009 to 2015. A Democrat, <mask> began his career as an activist by founding the Coalition for Political Honesty. Born in Chicago, Illinois, <mask> is a graduate of Georgetown University and Northwestern University School of Law. <mask> began his career as a tax attorney in private practice before working as an aide to then-Illinois Governor Dan Walker. He was elected to one term as a commissioner on the Cook County Board of Appeals, serving from 1982 to 1986; he later served as revenue director in the administration of Chicago Mayor Harold Washington. <mask> served as Treasurer of Illinois from 1991 to 1995. In Illinois' 2002 gubernatorial election, <mask> won the Democratic nomination for Lieutenant Governor of Illinois in the primary and was paired with then-U.S. Representative Rod Blagojevich in the general election.He was sworn into office as Lieutenant Governor in 2003. <mask> assumed the governorship on January 29, 2009, after Governor Blagojevich was impeached and removed from office on corruption charges. <mask> was narrowly elected to a full term in office in 2010, defeating Republican State Senator Bill Brady by a margin of less than 1% out of about 3.5 million votes cast. <mask> was narrowly defeated in 2014 by Republican candidate Bruce Rauner. <mask> unsuccessfully ran in the Democratic primary for Attorney General of Illinois in 2018. Early life and education

<mask> was born in 1948 in Chicago. His family moved to the suburb of Hinsdale, Illinois, when he was a child.The son of Eileen (Prindiville), a school secretary, and <mask> <mask>, a public relations official for the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago. His grandparents were Irish. He was reared a Catholic and attended the local Catholic elementary school, St. Isaac Jogues. He graduated in 1967 from Fenwick High School, a Catholic school in Oak Park, Illinois;  while at Fenwick, <mask> was the cross-country team captain and sports editor of the school newspaper. <mask> went on to graduate from Georgetown University in 1971

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Patrick Joseph Quinn Jr
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 with a bachelor's degree from the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, where he was a student of Professor Jan Karski and a sports editor for The Hoya. After taking a few years off from education, he earned a Juris Doctor degree from Northwestern University School of Law in 1980. In 1982, <mask> married Julie Ann Hancock.The marriage produced two sons, <mask> and <mask> IV, before the couple's 1986 divorce. From 1976 through 1978, he worked as an economist for the company Coilcraft. Political activism
Before running for public office, <mask> was involved in political action, serving as an aide to Governor Daniel Walker from 1973 through 1975. He was first put on the political map in the late 1970s by leading a petition to amend the 1970 Illinois Constitution with the "Illinois Initiative". This amendment was intended to increase the power of public referendums in the political process and recalls for public officials. The petition drive was successful, but the Illinois Supreme Court ultimately ruled that the Illinois Initiative was an "unconstitutional constitutional amendment," and thus never was presented to voters. <mask> drew more attention to his causes by holding press conferences on Sundays, seen as a slow news day.While still in law school, <mask> scored his first political success in 1980, earning a reputation as a reformer on the Illinois political scene. Through his organization, "The Coalition for Political Honesty," he initiated and led the statewide campaign for the Cutback Amendment to the Illinois Constitution, ultimately reducing the size of the Illinois House of Representatives from 177 to 118 members. Early political career
In 1982, <mask> was elected as commissioner of the Cook County Board of Appeals, now known as the Cook County Board of Review. During his time on the board, <mask> was instrumental in the creation of the "Citizens Utility Board", a consumer watchdog organization. <mask> did not seek re-election to the Cook County Board of Tax Appeals, in 1986, instead opting to run an unsuccessful campaign for the Democratic nomination for Illinois State Treasurer, losing to Jerome

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 Cosentino. After this defeat, <mask> briefly served in the administration of Chicago Mayor Harold Washington as Revenue Director in 1987. <mask> also served on the local school council of Sayre Magnet School on Chicago's West Side.State Treasurer
<mask>'s bid for office was successful in the 1990 election for Illinois Treasurer, defeating Peg McDonnell Breslin in the Democratic primary and Greg Baise in the general election. <mask> campaigned as a populist reformer in opposition to big government. His pledged during his campaign that he would seek to transform the office into a consumer advocate-style position. As a candidate, he refused to take campaign contributions from banking officials. He also pledged as a candidate to modernize the office and maximize returns on state deposits through use of electronic fund transfers and through expanding linked-deposit programs. He released an "Invest in Illinois" plan which proposed competitive bidding from financial institutions wanting to be state depositories. He also promised that he would not deposit or invest assets used to pay employee retirement benefits in junk bonds.He also pledged to implement a professional code of ethics for the office's employees. He served in the position of Illinois Treasurer from 1991 to 1995. During this period, he was publicly critical of Illinois Secretary of State and future Governor, George Ryan. Specifically, he drew attention to special vanity license plates that Ryan's office provided for cronies and the politically connected. This rivalry led <mask> to unsuccessfully challenge Ryan in the 1994 general election for Secretary of State, winning the Democratic primary but losing in the general. U.S. Senate campaign

<mask> then took his aspirations to the national stage. When United States Senator Paul Simon chose not to seek re-election in 1996, <mask> entered the race.However Dick Durbin won the Democratic primary and eventually the Senate seat. 1998 lieutenant gubernatorial campaign

<mask> sought the Democratic nomination for lieutenant governor in 1998, but was narrowly defeated by Mary Lou Kearns. <mask> did not initially accept

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 the count and charged fraud, but several weeks after the election he declined to ask the Illinois Supreme Court for a recount and endorsed Kearns. In 1998, <mask> protested an increase in state legislators' salaries by urging citizens to send tea bags to the Governor, Jim Edgar. The tactic was a reference to the Boston Tea Party. As lieutenant governor, he would later repeat this tactic in 2006, urging consumers to include a tea bag when paying their electricity bills, to protest rate hikes by Commonwealth Edison. Lieutenant governor

<mask> won the Democratic nomination for lieutenant governor in March 2002, and subsequently won the general election on the Democratic ticket alongside gubernatorial nominee, Rod Blagojevich.In Illinois, candidates for Lieutenant Governor and Governor at that time ran in separate primary elections, but were conjoined as a single ticket for the general election. This same ticket won re-election in 2006, where <mask> was unopposed in the primary. While Lieutenant Governor, according to his official biography, his priorities were consumer advocacy, environmental protection, health care, broadband deployment, and veterans' affairs. On December 14, 2008, when <mask> was asked about his relationship with Blagojevich, he said, "Well, he's a bit isolated. I tried to talk to the Governor, but the last time I spoke to him was in August of 2007. I think one of the problems is the Governor did sort of seal himself off from all the statewide officials ... Attorney General Madigan and myself and many others." Blagojevich had announced in 2006 that <mask> was not to be considered part of his administration.Governor of Illinois

Succession and elections
On January 29, 2009, Rod Blagojevich was removed from office by a vote of 59–0 by the Illinois State Senate. <mask> became Governor of Illinois. 2010 gubernatorial election

In the Democratic primary for governor in 2010, <mask> defeated State Comptroller Daniel Hynes with 50.4% of the vote. On March 27, 2010, Illinois Democratic leaders selected Sheila Simon to replace Scott Lee Cohen on the ballot, after Cohen won the February 2010 Democratic primary

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 to be Illinois' Lieutenant Governor, but later withdrew amid controversies involving his personal life. In the general election <mask>'s campaign aired television ads produced by Joe Slade White that repeatedly asked the question of his opponent, "Who is this guy?" Ben Nuckels was the general election Campaign Manager and was named a "Rising Star of Politics" by Campaigns & Elections magazine for his efforts with <mask>. <mask> won the general election on November 2, 2010, by a narrow margin against Republican candidate Bill Brady.<mask>'s victory was named by RealClearPolitics.com as the No. 5 General Election upset in the country; Politico said it was the 7th closest gubernatorial in American history. 2014 gubernatorial election

<mask> declared a run for re-election for 2014. In the summer of 2013, former White House Chief of Staff and former United States Secretary of Commerce William M. Daley declared a run for governor in the Democratic Primary against <mask>, but later dropped out. <mask> chose Paul Vallas, the former Chicago Public Schools CEO, as his running-mate. <mask> was challenged in the Democratic Primary by Tio Hardiman, the former director of CeaseFire, but won 72%-28% and faced Republican businessman Bruce Rauner for the general election. The majority of major Illinois newspapers endorsed Rauner, but <mask> was endorsed by the Chicago Defender, the Rockford Register Star, and The Southern Illinoisan.<mask> was defeated by Rauner in the general election, 50%-46%. He lost every county except Cook County. His term as governor ended on January 12, 2015. Governorship
As governor, <mask> faced a state with a reputation for corruption—the two previous governors both went to federal prison—and after two years polls showed <mask> himself was the "Nation's most unpopular governor." The main issue was a fiscal crisis in meeting the state's budget and its long-term debt as the national economic slump continued and Illinois did poorly in terms of creating jobs. <mask> spoke often to the public and met regularly with state leaders, in stark contrast to Rod Blagojevich's seclusion from others. On August 20, 2013

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 <mask> signed a bill into law that raised the rural interstate speed limit in Illinois to 70 mph.It was previously 65 mph. The bill also raised the speed limit on the Illinois Toll Road. The law became effective at midnight January 1, 2014. Budget, debt and taxes
<mask> announced several "belt-tightening" programs to help curb the state deficit. In July 2009, <mask> signed a $29 billion capital bill to provide construction and repair funds for Illinois roads, mass transit, schools, and other public works projects. The capital bill, known as "Illinois Jobs Now! ", was the first since Governor George H. Ryan's Illinois FIRST plan, which was enacted in the late-1990s.On July 7, 2009, he for the second time in a week vetoed a budget bill, calling it "out of balance", his plan being to more significantly fix the budget gap in Illinois. In March 2009, <mask> called for a 1.5 percentage point increase in the personal income tax rate. To help offset the increased rate, he also sought to triple the amount shielded from taxation (or the "personal exemption") – from $2,000 per person to $6,000. However, the bill that eventually passed increased the personal income tax by 2%. With the state budget deficit projected to hit $15 billion in 2011, the legislature in early 2011 raised the personal income tax from 3% to 5%, and the corporation profits tax 4.8% to 7%. Governor <mask>'s office projected the new taxes will generate $6.8 billion a year, enough to balance the annual budget and begin reducing the state's backlog of about $8.5 billion in unpaid bills. A report from the Civic Federation in September 2011 projected a $8.3 billion deficit to end the budget year.After three years of tax increases for workers and businesses, ending with an increase in corporate taxes in 2011 from 5% to 7%, the national recession left the economy in trouble. During an annual budget address on February 22, 2012 to the Illinois Legislature, <mask> warned that the state's financial system was nearing collapse. The Associated Press reported that <mask> feared Illinois was "on the verge of a financial meltdown because of pension systems eating up every


texts:
 new dollar and health care costs climbing through the roof." According to the Civic Federation, Illinois is only able to remain solvent by not paying its bills on time. <mask> advocated Medicaid and healthcare cuts totaling $1.6 billion in 2012; critics including Democratic State Representative Mary E. Flowers stated the cuts would remove hundreds of thousands of the poor and elderly from public health programs. The unprecedented cuts were too small to resolve the long-term issue according to rating agencies that downgraded Illinois to the lowest credit rating of any US state in 2012. As of November 2012, unpaid pension obligations totaled $85 billion with a backlog of $8 billion.In an effort to reduce the state's financial obligations, in November 2012 <mask> cancelled contracts with the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees. Union officials contended that "<mask> wanted concessions so deep that they are an insult to every state employee,"  while the administration contended that the state is paying salaries and benefits at levels that "exceed the salaries and benefits of other unionized state workers across the country." As of December 2012, Illinois had the fifth highest unemployment rate in the United States, and by March 2013, Illinois public-employee pension liability reached $100 billion. <mask> has been a major supporter of the controversial Illiana Expressway. In 2009, <mask> signed into law the Video Gaming Act which legalized the use of video gambling machines in Illinois. <mask> had previously denounced video gambling as a "bad bet". <mask> said the legislation was necessary to make up revenue due to the recession.A 2019 ProPublica investigation found that Illinois gambling regulators were underfunded and understaffed, and the gambling failed to meet projected revenues for the state's public coffers. Ethics reform and corruption allegations
On January 5, 2009, <mask> appointed <mask>. Collins to chair the Illinois Reform Commission, which was tasked with making recommendations for ethical reform for Illinois government. On February 20, 2009, <mask> called for the resignation of US

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 Senator Roland Burris, the man appointed to the United States Senate by Blagojevich to fill the vacant seat created by the resignation of Barack Obama. He changed his position, however, following pressure from prominent African Americans who threatened electoral repercussions. On March 3, 2009, the Associated Press reported that <mask> had "paid his own expenses" many times as lieutenant governor, contradicting Blagojevich's accusations against <mask>. As a rule, he either paid his own way, or stayed at "cut rate hotels" (such as Super 8), and never charged the state for his meals. In June 2009, <mask> launched a panel, chaired by Abner Mikva, to investigate unethical practices at the University of Illinois amid fears that a prior investigation would be ineffective in instituting necessary reforms.The panel was charged with searching the admissions practices, amid reports that the public university was a victim of  corruption. The panel found evidence of favoritism and its investigation culminated in the resignation of all but two University trustees. In Spring 2014, federal prosecutors and the Illinois Legislative Audit Commission launched an investigation into <mask>'s $55 million Neighborhood Recovery Initiative, a program launched weeks before 2010 election. On October 22, a federal judge appointed an independent monitor to oversee hiring at the Illinois Department of Transportation. This followed a three-year investigation by the Illinois executive inspector general that uncovered politically motivated hiring at IDOT, which started under Gov. Blagojevich. Environment and energy

<mask> won generally high praise for his leadership on environmental issues, going back at least as far as when he was lieutenant governor, where he helped develop annual statewide conferences on green building, created a state day to celebrate and defend rivers, and promoted measures such as rain gardens for water conservation.As governor, <mask> helped pass measures on solar and wind energy, including sourcing electricity for the state capitol from wind power, and helped secure funding for high-speed rail in the midwest corridor. As

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 Governor and Lt. Governor, <mask> Co-Chaired the Illinois Green Government Council, a council that focused on greening state government and reducing waste. The Illinois Green Government Council produced public annual sustainability reports tracking overall state government energy usage, fuel usage, water usage, and waste  In 2010 and 2014, the Sierra Club, Illinois's largest environmental group, endorsed <mask>, calling him "The Green Governor." <mask> faced protests and strong opposition from environmentalists after his support for a controversial law to regulate and launch fracking. Social issues
On March 9, 2011, <mask> signed the bill which abolished the death penalty in Illinois. On signing the bill, <mask> stated,

"It is impossible to create a perfect system, one that is free of all mistakes, free of all discrimination with respect to race or economic circumstance or geography.To have a consistent, perfect death penalty system, I have concluded, after looking at everything I've been given, that that's impossible in our state. I think it's the right and just thing to abolish the death penalty." On May 17, 2012, <mask> appointed Brandon Bodor to be Executive Director of the Serve Illinois Commission. On September 11, 2012, the two announced that the Corporation for National and Community Service (CNCS) had awarded $8.4 million to enable 1,200 volunteers in 29 AmeriCorps programs to better serve Illinois communities. <mask> is an advocate for gun control, supporting an assault weapons ban, high-capacity magazine ban and universal background checks for Illinois. <mask> has also been known for criticizing concealed carry legislation in Illinois (which would allow a person to have a concealed handgun on their person in public), and the National Rifle Association. Despite this opposition, the Illinois General Assembly legalized concealed carry in the state on July 9, 2013, overriding <mask>'s veto.This made Illinois the last state in the U.S. to enact this type of legislation. In <mask>'s 2013 State of the State address, he declared his commitment to the legalization of same sex marriage. After a months-long battle

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 in the legislature, <mask> signed the Religious Freedom and Marriage Fairness Act into law on November 20, 2013, before a crowd of thousands, making Illinois the 16th state in the nation to legalize same-sex marriage. He had previously signed a bill legalizing civil unions on January 31, 2011. In 2011, <mask> signed a law outlawing capital punishment in Illinois. This law falls inline with public sentiment during this time but still created some controversy especially given his Catholic faith. In an interview with the New York Times, <mask> attributed his decision to the late Cardinal Joseph Bernardin who had argued until the end of his life for a “consistent ethic of life" that included opposing capital punishment.To date, capital punishment is still outlawed in Illinois. Post-gubernatorial activities

<mask> has kept a low profile since leaving office, volunteering for causes like veterans' affairs and consumer protection. <mask> has been critical of his successor, Bruce Rauner, calling him "anti-worker" and "dishonest." He has stated that he is interested in grassroots petitions. On June 12, 2016, <mask> announced a new petition drive called Take Charge Chicago to put a binding referendum on the Chicago ballot to place a two-term limit on the Mayor of Chicago and create a new elected position called the Consumer Advocate. As of mid-2017, that is still ongoing. On October 27, 2017, <mask> announced he would run for Illinois Attorney General in the 2018 election.<mask> was generally regarded as the most well-known candidate in the race, however he narrowly lost the nomination to State Senator Kwame Raoul on March 20, 2018. For the 2020 election cycle, <mask> championed a citizens initiated ballot item which would ask voters in Evanston whether the city should adopt a system under which binding citizen initiated referendums to create city ordinances would be allowed. This ballot question was rejected by the city's election board, a decision subsequently upheld in the Circuit Court of Cook County and the Illinois Appeals Court. Electoral history

For Illinois Attorney General

As Governor of Illinois (with Lt.


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Christopher Lee Schamber, (born December 26, 1982) better known by his stage name <mask>, is an American rapper and hip hop recording artist from Stockton, California. Biography
Although <mask> has been performing worldwide and recording music since the late 1990s, he didn't take on the moniker <mask> until the year 2003. He gained considerable visibility in the underground hip-hop scene when he was selected as one of URBs Next 1000 in 2009, and received a favorable artist review by URB (magazine) reviewer Aylin Zafar, who wrote "Melding classical music with pulsating beats and emcee <mask>'s hard-hitting flow, the California native, but current Missouri resident's sound is unique and emotional." Earlier in the same year, Savage Sun's song "The Reason" garnered more than 1,650,000 dedications (February 2009), making it the most iLike dedicated song across Facebook during that particular month. Savage Sun has been featured in newspapers across the United States, including the Tri-City Herald, The Record, The Monterey County Herald, the Riverfront Times (Village Voice Media), and the St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Savage Sun's music has been featured or reviewed in various magazines and music blogs, including URB Magazine, Murder Dog Magazine, Inbox Magazine, and Reactor Magazine. Savage Sun's music has received extensive radio play, including rotation on Elevated Rhymestate 88.1 KDHX, college radio, Clear Channel's IHeartRadio, and can be found on over 800 live, local radio stations around the United States.His music has also been featured on various different internet radio stations, including the Midnight Mixtape on Chuck D's Rapstation.com. <mask> has released two music videos to date and one teaser for the song "The Finale" which is expected to be released on his forthcoming album "The Alchemy Of Sound." In 2007, Savage Sun was featured on "The Next Generation Of Heads, a compilation released by Equalibran Productions, which also

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Savage Sun
Savage Sun
Savage Sun
Savage Sun
Savage Sun


texts: featured production by DJ Premier. Savage Sun has been featured on dozens of additional compilations and collaborative projects during the past decade, although only a handful of these releases were pressed in at least 1000 units, therefore, the distribution of the other releases has primarily been digital, and the impact and relevance is unknown. Since 2000, Savage Sun has performed internationally, including performances in New Zealand, Costa Rica, Germany, Colombia, Uruguay, and an impromptu street performance in Belgium in 2002. Between 2000-2003, Savage Sun performed under different pseudonyms, including performing at the 2000 Big Day Out music festival in Auckland, New Zealand, alongside artists such as Nine Inch Nails, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Foo Fighters, Blink-182, The Chemical Brothers, Joe Strummer and the Mescaleros and various other acts. Savage Sun has also performed at many other high-profile music festivals and events, including S.L.U.M.Fest, Play STL Fest, and the St. Louis Scribble Jam Prelim. Savage Sun has shared the stage with a variety of notable acts, including Akil the MC (Jurassic 5), Bicasso and <mask>pot Jonz (Living Legends), Ra Scion (Common Market) and many other artists. On a national level, Savage Sun has performed in dozens of cities across the United States, including universities such as Washington University in St. Louis and Saint Louis University and distinguished venues such as Blueberry Hill in St. Louis, MO and Berbati's Pan in Portland, OR. On June 27, 2014, <mask> received attention by entertainment writer of The Blender, Kevin Johnson, in a featured interview that was released in the St. Louis Post-Dispatch and STLtoday, highlighting his second performance at the largest hip-hop festival in the Midwest. In 2015, Savage Sun's music video for the song Forced was honored as an official selection by the Richmond International Film Festival and was also featured on IMDB. On Dec. 29th, 2017,

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Savage Sun


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 <mask> released the first single 'Don't Change A Thing' from his forthcoming album 'The Alchemy Of Sound.' On June 30, 2018, <mask> released the second single 'A Darker Flame' from his forthcoming album 'The Alchemy Of Sound.'The Art Of Being Alive LP/DVD
On September 23, 2007, <mask> released his first full-length solo LP "The Art Of Being Alive" in conjunction with the Autumn Equinox. The physical version of the album is accompanied by a DVD (second disc) that featured a music video for the song "Tight Grip On Nothing", as well as other interactive features. The album was released on the independent label "Sentient Productions" and was mastered by industry professional Stephen Marsh. The album was released to a worldwide audience in 19 countries, spanning four continents, as well as distributed in the Caribbean Islands. The album received positive reviews from industry and independent reviewers alike, including a review by Brad Bush of CD Baby who called it "One of the best we've ever heard." The album was also selected as one of CD Baby's editor's picks and was showcased on the front page of the online music store's website. Ian Hill of the Stockton Record described Savage Sun's debut album "The Art Of Being Alive"  as bringing together complex, layered beats with (Savage Sun's) intense delivery and often-introspective lyrics.Hill wrote that "the title speaks volumes" and compares Savage Sun to Atmosphere and Sage Francis by stating that if you've listened to the aforementioned artists, that "you'll recognize the sound, feel and sense of struggle" on Savage Sun's album. In a separate review, Hill noted about the album that "it's refreshing to hear another voice taking rap in a different direction." Marc Cabrera of the Monterey Herald characterized the album as "A live wire mix of esoteric lyricism and mood music inspired by the seasons" and "A nice raw mix of some potent lyrics." Cabrera explained his interpretation of the

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 album as Savage Sun's relationship to the Earth, to the world, to humanity, further expanding that he heard shades of Sage Francis. URB Magazine writer Aylin Zafar's analysis of the album garnered the following statement: "Helped along by melancholy piano and dizzying violin work, Savage Sun is bringing the focus back to the music." Rebel's Odyssey EP
On August 27, 2013, Savage Sun continued his signature album release in conjunction with a celestial event by dropping his second solo album, an EP titled "Rebel's Odyssey," during Neptune at Opposition. The album features two bonus tracks, a hidden track, and the physical version of the album is accompanied by a 20-page comic book detailing the origin of Savage Sun, which also corresponds with an animated music video for the song "Forced" which was featured on his first LP.The album also features "Bridge Da Gap", the first song of an international collaborative project. The song features emcee's from three different continents, rapping in Spanish, German, and English. The album also features the second song from the aforementioned international collaborative project, titled "The T.aK.eO.ver," with a special guest appearance by Pete Rock. The album was released on the independent label "Globe Massive Entertainment" and was mastered by industry professional Stephen Marsh. In March, 2014, The Monterey Herald published a featured interview and article discussing the new album. In November, 2013, Rebel's Odyssey received special consideration for Album of the Year by Wil Wander of KDHX Radio in the 3rd annual Rhymey Awards. The EP placed 3rd overall.On February 20, 2015, <mask> released his third music video for the song "I Can(t) Change", the first music video from Rebel's Odyssey EP. DiscographyWith Sentient Productions''' The Art Of Being Alive LP/DVD (2007)
 Rebel's Odyssey EP (2013)
 The Alchemy Of Sound LP (2018 - anticipated)

Music videos

Compilation appearances


texts:
 "Singlehandeadly" on AudioMight Records: AudioMight Presents (2002)
 "Circles" "Enter The Struggle" on AudioMight Records: The Character Development Sampler (2003)
 "Look The Other Way" on AudioMight Records: AudioMight Promo C.D. (2003)
 "Enter The Struggle" on CellarNoise: Noise from the Cellar vol.1 (2004)
 "Skybound" "We Wash Away (Remix)" on D.J. Balance Presents: Official bootleg vol.2 (2006)
 "Ghosts Of The Gangs" on My Shame: My Creation (2006)
 "Forced" on Miller Bay Productions: Beat Hogs (2007)
 "We Keep It Movin'" on Equalibran Productions: The Next Generation of Heads (2007)
 "We Keep It Movin'" on Cal Major: Arch City Underground Mixtape (2008)
 "In The City" on Heavenly Wharf Music: UAINTKNW? The Mixtape volume 2 (2010)
 "Bridge Da Gap" on Freedom Culture Coalition: Beats For Eats'' (2012)

Acting
Beyond his music videos & a teaser on YouTube, <mask> has been featured in two independent films, I Am D.B. Cooper & Pill. Both films were produced by Team Wood Films, an independent film production company in St. Louis, MO.I Am D.B. Cooper was only released on YouTube and never officially released in theaters and therefore the response to the film has been lackluster. In Savage Sun's one scene, he portrays a manager at a company that must fire an employee. In Pill, <mask> Sun portrays a district attorney who has a confrontation with another actor in the film. This film premiered at The Chase Park Plaza Hotel theater in St. Louis, MO on January 21, 2016. The budget for both films is unknown. References

External links
 Savage Sun Official Website
 MP3 Review for the song "Ghosts Of The Gangs
 Album Review by Marc Cabrera, Entertainment writer for the Monterey Herald
 Artist Review by Calvin Cox, contributing writer for the Riverfront Times
 Facebook artist page

American rappers
Living people
Musicians from Stockton, California
American people who self-identify as being of Native American descent
1977 births
21st-century

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<mask> (born December 23, 1984) is a former American football linebacker and current coach. He played college football at Florida State and was drafted by the Detroit Lions in the first round of the 2006 NFL Draft. He also played for the Philadelphia Eagles, Indianapolis Colts and Dallas Cowboys. Early years
A native of Tallahassee, Florida, <mask> attended North Florida Christian High School, where he began his high school football career by earning a varsity letter while only in the eighth grade, a feat not often heard of. A two-way player at running back and linebacker, <mask> earned a total of five varsity letters. Playing in Class A, Florida's smallest classification, <mask> led the Eagles to four state championships from 1998 to 2001. In his senior year, however, North Florida was eliminated in the region semifinals of the Class A playoffs, losing to Jay 19–14.As a junior, totaled 180 tackles, 41 tackles for loss, 12 sacks and forced seven fumbles on defense and rushed for over 600 yards and 17 touchdowns as a tailback. During his senior year, <mask> registered 133 tackles (73 solo stops), 15 tackles for lost yardage, six forced fumbles, seven fumble recoveries and one blocked field goal attempt from his linebacker position and ran for 1,081 yards on 115 carries for 23 touchdowns as a running back. <mask> earned All-American honors by Parade and USA Today. Regarded as a five-star recruit by Rivals.com, <mask> was ranked as the No. 1 inside linebacker in his class. In fact, he was also listed as the No. 1 prospect overall, ahead of Reggie Bush and Whitney Lewis., <mask> remains the only linebacker ranked atop of the Rivals annual rankings. Recruited by virtually every school in the nation, <mask> took official visits to

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Ernie Sims III
Sims
Sims
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 Georgia, Florida, Auburn, Miami (FL), and Florida State. On National Signing Day, <mask> chose the Seminoles over the Gators. College career
At Florida State, <mask> wore #34, a number that was retired in honor of former Seminole football player, Ron Sellers. Sellers gave <mask> and the university permission for <mask> to wear the jersey number. In 2003, as a true freshman at Florida State, <mask> played in all 13 games of the season, including the Orange Bowl against Miami (FL), as a back-up outside linebacker. He finished ninth on the team with 42 tackles, and added two tackles for lost yardage, two pass break-ups, three quarterback hurries and a forced fumble.<mask> was also one of the Seminoles' top special teams performers. He earned ACC Rookie of the Week for his efforts against Wake Forest, which included a season-high 10 tackles. As a sophomore, <mask> played in all 12 games, and made the starting lineup by the second week. For his exceptional play on the field in 2004, <mask> was named to the second All-ACC team and ESPN named <mask> to their first team All-American team. He finished second on the team with a single-season career-high 86 tackles, behind only A. J. Nicholson (88). <mask> also recorded a single-season career-high nine tackles for lost yardage, 4.5 quarterback sacks, nine quarterback hurries, five pass break-ups, two forced fumbles and a blocked kick. In three games (North Carolina, Duke, and Florida), <mask> recorded double-digit tackles, including a career-high 12 tackles against the Gators.In the Seminoles' 36–3 victory over Virginia, he had nine tackles, a career-high two sacks and a blocked punt. <mask> followed that performance with eight tackles, one tackle for lost yardage, a sack and a pass

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 break-up against Wake Forest. Each of those weeks, <mask> earned ACC Defensive Back of the Week, as the only player in the ACC to earn the ACC Defensive Back of the Week honors multiple times during the season. In July 2005, <mask> was arrested on charges of battery and resisting an officer, allegedly shoving his then-girlfriend “repeatedly to the ground” during an argument in the parking lot of a FSU residence hall. Expectations for his junior year were high, as The Sporting News and other publications named him to their pre-season All-American teams. <mask> had a productive, but not spectacular junior season, starting all 13 games, including the Orange Bowl. <mask> majored in Environmental Studies at Florida State.In January 2006, <mask> announced that he would forgo his senior season to focus on a career in the NFL. Professional career

2006 NFL Draft
Described as a “three-down linebacker who plays bigger than his listed size,<mask> was selected as ninth overall in the first round of the 2006 NFL Draft by the Detroit Lions. He was the highest selected Seminoles defender since Corey Simon in 2000. Detroit Lions
<mask> was targeted by Lions general manager Matt Millen to bolster the Lions' defense at weakside linebacker. On July 30, 2006, he signed a 5-year, $15.735 million contract with $12.1 million guaranteed. <mask> started all 16 games his rookie season at outside linebacker, collecting 124 tackles (81 solo tackles) and was credited with a half sack and one pass deflection. On December 3, against the New England Patriots, <mask> had a career-high 13 total tackles.On December 31, <mask> made a key tackle on fourth down to give the Lions a big win against the Dallas Cowboys. On September 3, 2007, <mask> was named one of

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Sims
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” Sims
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 five captains for the 2007 Detroit Lions. The Lions former head coach, Rod Marinelli, said that <mask>' resembled that of Tampa Bay Buccaneers linebacker Derrick Brooks in his early years, being described as a fast, punishing, sure-tackler. Philadelphia Eagles
<mask> was traded to the Philadelphia Eagles on April 19, 2010 in a three-team trade. The Denver Broncos sent tight end Tony Scheffler and a seventh-round draft pick in 2010 to the Detroit Lions, the Lions sent <mask> to the Eagles, and the Eagles sent a fifth-round draft pick in 2010 to the Broncos. Indianapolis Colts
On August 2, 2011, <mask> signed with the Indianapolis Colts as an unrestricted free agent. He wasn't re-signed at the end of the year.Dallas Cowboys
After the loss of Sean Lee to injury, on October 24, 2012, the Dallas Cowboys signed him as an unrestricted free agent to provide depth at linebacker. <mask> quickly became a starter by his second game (against the Atlanta Falcons) and eventually the unit's defensive play caller, after injuries decimated the position further. He finished the season with 42 tackles, one sack, 2 quarterback pressures and 3 passes defensed. He also recorded 10 tackles in the Cowboys’ emotional week 14 win against the Cincinnati Bengals, a day after the team received news of the death of Jerry Brown and the arrest of Josh Brent. On March 18, 2013, <mask> was signed to a one-year contract at the league minimum salary. He registered 42 tackles, a forced fumble and started 6 games while replacing Bruce Carter, Justin Durant and Sean Lee at different times. He wasn't re-signed at the end of the season.Arizona Cardinals
On June 3, 2014, <mask> signed 1-year deal to replace the suspended Daryl Washington. He was later released on

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 August 7. NFL statistics

Key
 GP: games played
 COMB: combined tackles
 TOTAL: total tackles
 AST: assisted tackles
 SACK: sacks
 FF: forced fumbles
 FR: fumble recoveries
 FR YDS: fumble return yards
 INT: interceptions
 IR YDS: interception return yards
 AVG IR: average interception return
 LNG: longest interception return
 TD: interceptions returned for touchdown
 PD: passes defensed

Personal life
On May 29, 2009, <mask> married Brooke McGriff, who is pursuing a degree in Education at Tallahassee Community College. <mask>' mother, <mask>, formerly Alice Bennett, was an All-American sprinter on the Florida State track and field team from 1980 through 1983. His younger brother, <mask>, a highly regarded high school running back, announced in February 2006 that he will also play his college football at Florida State before transferring to the University of North Alabama . His father <mask>, Sr. was also a running back at Florida State. <mask> owns a small collection of animals: 5 dogs and 1 type of reptile.Fox produced a segment for the Lions' game against the Minnesota Vikings in Detroit in 2007 which showcased his pets. <mask> currently resides in his home town of Tallahassee, FL, where he owns his own athletic training facility, called <mask>' Big Hits Performance. He also has his own local sports talk radio show. References

External links
Official website

1984 births
Living people
Players of American football from Tallahassee, Florida
American football outside linebackers
Florida State Seminoles football players
Detroit Lions players
Philadelphia Eagles players
Indianapolis Colts players
Dallas Cowboys players
Coaches of American football from Florida
Florida Atlantic Owls football coaches
South Florida Bulls

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Sims
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Alice Sims
Marcus Sims
Ernie
Sims
Sims
Ernie Sims


texts:
<mask> (born June 1, 1988) is an American writer, actor, pop journalist, comedian, LGBTQ activist, and podcaster. They were a writer and director for BuzzFeed Video, before leaving to focus on their YouTube comedy show and podcast Just Between Us with fellow former Buzzfeed writer Allison Raskin. <mask>'s writings as a journalist have appeared in The New York Times, The Boston Globe, Playboy, Vice, The Huffington Post, Cosmopolitan, Salon, and Slate. Their joint novel with Raskin, I Hate Everyone but You, was released on September 5, 2017 through Wednesday Books. It reached the top ten on The New York Times bestsellers list. Since 2016, they have hosted Bad with Money, a podcast that launched at the Panoply network but is now at Stitcher, which primarily focuses on economy lessons, while also delving into poverty and economic oppression. They also led the Peoples Improv Theater house team BIRDS, and were a producer of the independent community radio station WFMU.Their web project, 100interviews.com, was named "Best Blog" by The Village Voice in 2010. Early life and education
<mask> was born on June 1, 1988. They attended David Posnack Jewish Day School in Plantation, Florida. They attended Emerson College, where they majored in Multimedia Journalism, graduating in 2009. <mask> began performing during their first year at Emerson, with the sketch comedy troupe Chocolate Cake City (CCC). <mask> had wanted to audition for CCC, but was too scared to do so until they were urged to take the audition slot of a former boyfriend who had become sick the day before and could not perform. Their audition was successful and they became a member of the troupe.At the time they considered themself a better writer than actor, and working in CCC allowed them to do both, since members were expected to write and perform their own sketches. During their second year, <mask> began a two-year stint as a crime reporter for The Boston Globe. They worked the 6:30 pm – 2:30 am shift,

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Gabrielle Teresa Dunn
Dunn
Dunn
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 using a police scanner to monitor potential news items, and then driving to the scene of the crime to write about it. After their junior year, <mask> worked as an intern at The Daily Show with Jon Stewart. Career

100 Interviews
In October 2010, <mask> created 100interviews.com, a Tumblr blog in which they intended to publish transcripts of 100 interviews, given over the course of a single year, with a variety of different people. Interview subjects included a transgender person, a rocket scientist, an Abraham Lincoln expert, and Stephen Colbert. Their initial inspiration for the project stemmed from their own personal desire to meet different people and hear their stories.However, <mask> also wanted to offer readers the opportunity to "vicariously meet people" whose lives were different from their own. "That's something I don't think journalism does anymore." <mask> explained in an interview with Yeshiva University's The Commentator, "If you're liberal, you'll watch certain news channels and if you're conservative you'll watch different channels. Journalism used to present one truth that each side could interpret. Now it panders to one side or the other." Because 100 Interviews was an independent project, <mask> sometimes solicited interviews with candidates in non-traditional unexpected ways. Children's horror author R. L. Stine agreed to sit for an interview after <mask> "cold-tweeted" him on Twitter.After trying and failing to interview Colbert by crashing a $2,000 a plate dinner gala, <mask> settled for asking him questions during a pre-show Q&A for The Colbert Report. They also used Help a Reporter Out, an online service that connects journalists with expert sources. <mask>'s attempts to gain wider exposure for what they called their "diary journalism" were initially met with rejection. <mask> has been recognized as a success case of the use of social media for self-promotion, particularly Twitter and Tumblr, the micro-blogging service and web

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 application platform through which they initially self-published their interviews. The success of 100 Interviews caused <mask>'s work to be noticed by the Village Voice and New York Times culture editor Adam Sternbergh. Just Between Us
In 2014, <mask> created a YouTube channel with their best friend Allison Raskin called Just Between Us (JBU). The two play characters based on themselves, which they describe as an odd couple.<mask> plays a sex-positive, bisexual, feminist in contrast to Raskin's uptight, straight, single character. They began with giving love advice, and then added sketches. The advice show sometimes features guest stars, which in the past have included family members and close friends. They temporarily had a series replacing their advice show called "Is This What You Want?" where they tried different types of videos from various areas of YouTube. Just Between Us now has more than 670,000 subscribers and over 160 million views. Bad with Money with <mask> <mask>
In August 2016, <mask> <mask> began a podcast with the intent of exposing and analyzing money problems that most people face yet no one talks about.The podcast was called Bad with Money with <mask> <mask> and is part of the Panoply podcast network. On their podcast they discuss their financial experiences in regards to their debt, career, and also systematic financial systems in place that make earning money difficult. Their guests have ranged from financial psychologist Dr. Brad Klontz to feminist scholar and writer Roxane Gay. This podcast stems from a long conversation <mask> has had around money and the internet. After an article they wrote for Fusion went viral in December 2015, <mask> became one of the leading spokespeople for the intersection of being famous online and making a living. Many YouTubers, while "internet famous", cannot profit off of their celebrity for fear of being seen as disingenuous, as <mask> describes in the documentary Vlogumentary (2016), in which they show

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 one of the jobs as a courier and also the fans they runs into as they’re working. During the early weeks of Bad with Money, <mask> also hosted the Finale Rally podcast, which is no longer active.I Hate Everyone But You
<mask>'s debut novel, written with Allison Raskin, was published on September 5, 2017. A follow-up novel was released in July 2019, titled Please Send Help. In 2019, <mask> was also a consulting producer on the Netflix animated series, Big Mouth, created by comedian Nick Kroll. Bury The Lede
In October 2019, <mask>'s debut original graphic novel, Bury the Lede was released in partnership with BOOM! Studios. It is a queer crime thriller that was inspired by <mask>’s own experiences working as a young reporter at the Boston Globe. Bury the Lede was illustrated by Claire Roe.Additional appearances
<mask> has appeared twice as a guest on The George Lucas Talk Show, first during the marathon fundraiser of Arli$$ and later on The George Lucas Holiday Special. Personal life
<mask> has a younger sister, Cheyanne <mask>. <mask> is bisexual and polyamorous. As of 2020, <mask> was dating singer/songwriter Mal Blum. In a July 5, 2021 interview on the Gender Reveal podcast, <mask> said that they had been exploring their gender and were probably non-binary, and had begun using they/them pronouns. References

External links
 100interviews.com, <mask>'s project to publish 100 interviews. 1988 births
21st-century American comedians
21st-century American writers
American bloggers
American feminists
American writers
American YouTubers
Bisexual writers
BuzzFeed people
Emerson College alumni
Jewish American entertainers
Jewish American writers
Non-binary comedians
LGBT Jews
LGBT people from Florida
LGBT writers from the United States
LGBT YouTubers
Living people
Non-binary writers
Place of birth missing (living people)
YouTube podcasters
Comedy YouTubers
20th-century LGBT people
21st-century LGBT people
American non-binary actors
21st-century American

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<mask> was a United States Marine Corps lance corporal who was tortured, raped and murdered in 1985. At the time of her murder she was stationed at Naval Support Activity Mid-South in Millington, Tennessee. <mask> was a student undergoing training at the base, and was scheduled to graduate from avionics training on the day of her murder. She is buried in Arlington National Cemetery. <mask> was the daughter of Jack and <mask>. She graduated from John R. Lewis High School in Springfield, Virginia. Abduction and murder
On the evening of July 11, 1985, <mask> was abducted while jogging on the base, and was taken to nearby Edmund Orgill Park.There, the kidnapper severely beat <mask>, fracturing her skull, before repeatedly shoving a tree limb up her vagina with enough force to penetrate her abdomen and tear one of her lungs. The autopsy would state that <mask> died from blunt force trauma to the head and internal hemorrhaging from the tree limb. The kidnapper then ditched the body and fled the scene. Two Marines jogging near where <mask> was abducted heard her scream and ran toward the sound. However, as they reached the scene, they saw a car leaving the area. They reported to base security and accompanied officers on a tour of the base, looking for the car. Unsuccessful, they returned to their barracks, but soon the Marines were called back to the security office.There they identified Alley's car, which had been stopped by officers. Alley and his wife gave statements to the base security personnel accounting for their whereabouts. The security personnel were satisfied with Alley's story, and Alley and his wife returned to their on-base housing. The two Marine witnesses returned to the security office shortly after Alley and his wife departed. The Marines disputed the couple's version of events, citing that the loud, distinct sounds made by the muffler on Alley's car matched those sounds they had

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Suzanne Marie Collins
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Suzanne Collins
Trudy Collins
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Collins
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 heard prior to and during <mask>' abduction. The security personnel indicated that since no one had yet been reported missing, there was nothing more that could be done. The Marines were thanked for their assistance and told to return to their barracks.<mask>' body was discovered the next morning by sheriff's deputies, after her roommate reported her missing. Clothes, including a man's red underwear were found close by. When word got to the base of the murder, Alley was immediately arrested by military police. He voluntarily gave a statement to the police, admitting to having killed <mask> but gave a substantially false account of the circumstances of the killing. He claimed that his wife Lynne went to a Tupperware party, which had angered him. He drank two six-packs of beer and a bottle of wine. He told authorities that he had gone out for more liquor when his car accidentally hit <mask> as she jogged near the air base.He also claimed he accidentally killed the young woman when she fell on a screwdriver he was holding as he was trying to help her. However, an autopsy revealed that her skull had been fractured as the result of suffering repeated beatings, there were no screwdriver wounds, and no wounds consistent with being hit by a car. Trial and execution of Alley
In spite of his attempt to convince a jury that he had multiple personality disorder, Alley was convicted on March 18, 1987, of murder in the first degree and on May 17, 1987, was sentenced to death. He was also convicted of aggravated kidnapping and aggravated rape, for which he received consecutive forty-year sentences. He was scheduled to die by electrocution May 2, 1990, but was reprieved indefinitely by the state Court of Criminal Appeals. A Shelby County judge denied Alley's initial request for state-funded DNA testing of 11 samples of physical evidence, saying he hadn't shown "reasonable probability" that he wouldn't have

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 been prosecuted or convicted if the tests were in his favor. After numerous appeals, Alley was executed by lethal injection at the Riverbend Maximum Security Institution in Nashville, Tennessee, on the morning of June 28, 2006; he was pronounced dead at 2:12 a.m.The length of Alley's appeals process caused <mask>' family to successfully work for limitations on groundless habeas corpus appeals. The amount of time between the murder and Alley's execution (20 years, 11 months, 14 days) was actually longer than <mask> had been alive (19 years, 1 month, 4 days) when she was killed. On April 30, 2019, Alley's daughter petitioned the Criminal Court for Shelby County for the DNA test that was denied prior to his execution. A judge denied the request on November 18, 2019. In 2021, the Innocence Project teamed up with conservative litigator and former solicitor general resident for President George W. Bush, Paul Clement, to launch an appeal to the Tennessee Court of Criminal Appeals on behalf of the estate Sedley Alley. According to The Innocence Project there was weak physical and eyewitness identification evidence against him. The tire tracks found at the crime scene were not from Sedley's vehicle and recovered shoe prints did not match his shoes.Key eyewitness accounts also don't match Sedley's description. He told members of his legal team that he was coerced into confessing to a crime he didn't commit. On May 7, 2021, the Tennessee Court of Criminal Appeals denied the petition. Advocacy of Jack and Trudy <mask>
After the murder, the <mask>es dealt with their grief in part by joining a Fairfax County support group for surviving members of homicide victims led by Carroll Ellis and Sandra Witt. Due to involvement with the group, the <mask>es got more involved in attending the hearings and criminal proceedings of the killers of their loved ones. With the appeals of Alley stretching into years, the

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 <mask>es became frustrated with the long habeas corpus appeals and continuing delay of Alley's sentence. Both <mask>es then became deeply involved with activism and reform work.In March 1991, <mask> addressed delegates at the Crime Summit in Washington, D.C., convened by then Attorney General Richard Thornburgh. <mask>'s statement was about the lack of finality with criminal convictions and pressing for reform. In the early 1990s, both <mask>es became Eastern Regional Directors of Citizens for Law and Order, based in Oakland, California. <mask> continued with opportunities presented to the couple and worked with Executive Director Lee Chancellor of the Judicial Reform Foundation to create a pamphlet on habeas corpus abuses and history of the judicial process. On May 7, 1991, <mask> testified before Congress on habeas corpus reform and the endless appeals that Alley was requesting. Trudy <mask> was in attendance in support of her husband. The <mask>es have also established a scholarship named the Suzanne Marie <mask> Perpetual Scholarship, first awarded in 1996.Early life and education
<mask> attended Robert E. Lee High School in Fairfax, Virginia. See also
 Capital punishment in Tennessee
 Capital punishment in the United States
 List of people executed in Tennessee
 List of people executed in the United States in 2006

References

External links

An unofficial Arlington National Cemetery information site
The Commercial Appeal newspaper article on Alley's not being autopsied

1966 births
1985 deaths
1985 murders in the United States
Female United States Marine Corps personnel
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
United States Marines
People murdered in Tennessee
People from Springfield, Virginia
Deaths from bleeding
Deaths by beating in the United States
Deaths by person in the United States
Rapes in the United States
Incidents of violence against women
July 1985 crimes
History of women in

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<mask> (born March 21, 1994) is a Filipino professional basketball player for the Alaska Aces of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). As a PBA player, he usually starts at the swingman position but occasionally plays as a power forward during the Philippine Cup. A renowned prodigy, he holds multiple high school records for the Xavier Golden Stallions. After his famous high school career, he played for the De La Salle Green Archers in the UAAP with equally great success. He won a couple UAAP championships as the team captain and has the rare distinction of simultaneously winning two UAAP finals MVP awards. Early life and education
He was born on March 21, 1994, in Mandaluyong to Alvin and <mask>. <mask> is the youngest among four siblings: Alyssa, Jeric, and Almira in that order.His father, <mask>, is a former player in the Philippine Basketball Association who won multiple titles as a member of the San Miguel Beermen. His older brother Jeric, was a former collegiate basketball star who played for the UST Growling Tigers. Jeric would later win a PBA championship playing the two guard for the Rain or Shine Elasto Painters. His sister Almira, on the other hand, pursued a non-athletic career in show business as a professional model and artist. Teng was always very religious growing up and frequented the Pink Sisters Convent to pray and celebrate Mass. As a young child, <mask> gained serious interest in basketball after his older brother Jeric encouraged him to join the Xavier basketball team when he was in third grade. Teng eventually won his first of many titles that year in the Metro Manila Tiong Lian Basketball Association (MMTLBA), one of the premier elementary and high school basketball leagues in the nation.The Teng brothers were frequently tutored by the power forward Alvin, who recommended that they instead develop

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Jeron Alvin Uy Teng
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 skills associated with the guard position. The move would later prove to be crucial for the development of the two future PBA players. High School
Like his older brother Jeric, <mask> played high school basketball for Xavier School. He led the Golden Stallions to two MMTLBA championships and won for himself the season MVP award in his three seasons with the team. In 2011, <mask> broke what was then the all-time Philippine record for points in a single game by scoring 104 points in a 164–74 win over Grace Christian College in the Tiong Lian tournament. He simultaneously made 37 field goals, and also had 24 rebounds and six steals. At that point, no player had ever scored at least 100 points since Felix Duhig of the Cebu Institute of Technology hit the mark during a 1990 game in what is now the Cebu Schools Athletic Foundation, Inc.

College career

Rookie season
Teng would suit up for the De La Salle Green Archers in the UAAP where he would instantly become the face of the Archers.He led the Archers through their chase to return to the Final Four. In their second round encounter against his older brother Jeric's team the UST Growling Tigers, <mask> would nail the game winner over one time RP-Youth teammate Kevin Ferrer, as the Archers avenged their first round defeat against the Tigers with a 53–51 win. Teng would lead the Archers back to the Final Four after missing out the previous season which included winning a knock-out game for the last slot against the FEU Tamaraws. However, the Archers led by Teng's magic run would be stopped when they lost to one of their notable sports rivals and eventual champions, the far more seasoned Ateneo Blue Eagles. Teng would later be named UAAP Rookie of the Year, achieving the same feat his older brother Jeric had done in 2009. In addition to that, he would also be simultaneously named to

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 the Mythical Five, a rare feat in collegiate basketball. Teng finished his rookie season with averages of 15.8 points per game, 6.6 rebounds per game, and 2.8 assists per game while making 42% of his shots.Second season and championship

In his second season, the Green Archers underwent a coaching change before the start of the new UAAP season as assistant coach Juno Sauler became the new head coach of the Archers by replacing Gee Abanilla, who went on to become the new head coach of the PBA's Petron Blaze Boosters. The change would later prove to be vital for <mask>'s legendary collegiate career. The Archers started the season with a 3–4 record after the first round of eliminations, but would sweep the second round of eliminations that included yet another game winner from <mask>, this time against their rivals in the Blue Eagles. The Archers finished the elimination round with a 10–4 record, good for a three-way tie with the NU Bulldogs and the FEU Tamaraws. However, the Bulldogs got the #1 seed as they had the higher quotient among the three teams. The Archers and Tamaraws fought for the #2 seed and the twice-to-beat advantage in the Final Four which the Archers won 74–69. The Archers would defeat the Tamaraws again to advance to the UAAP Finals for the first time since 2008.Teng displayed brilliance by severely outplaying the then-reigning MVP Terrence Romeo of the Tamaraws. There they faced one of their famed rivals the UST Growling Tigers as <mask> battled the team of his older brother Jeric. The Tigers won Game 1 of the UAAP Finals, but <mask> led the Archers to the championship by dominating the next two games of the series to defeat the Tigers and give the Archers their first UAAP title since 2007. <mask> would later be crowned the Finals MVP. Teng finished his sophomore campaign averaging 15.3 points per game, 7.2

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 rebounds per game, and 3.1 assists per game while shooting 41% from the field. Third season
Teng and the Green Archers would have another stellar season as the favorites to win the title, but they wound up losing to their arch-rivals the FEU Tamaraws after going the distance in the final four. This happened despite the fact that the Green Archers had exactly the same record as the previous season at 10 wins and four losses.The Tamaraws would lose to the National University Bulldogs in the finals. This semifinals loss against FEU prevented the Archers from winning back to back championships. At that time, Teng had a career high average of 18.1 ppg, alongside 7.1 rpg, 4 apg, while shooting 75 percent from the free throw line. This included a memorable 32 point outburst under 40 minutes of play against the Blue Eagles on August 17, 2014. During the finals between the Tamaraws and the NU Bulldogs, Teng would be honored with another Mythical Five selection. Coach Sauler allowed Teng to thrive through the use of a 14-man rotation system that granted Teng more opportunities to dominate and take over games for the Green Archers. This strategy was an extension of the one used in the previous championship season where the team handily won with even lesser players on the roster.Fourth season
For the first time since 2011, the Green Archers would miss the final four along with <mask> missing the final four for the first time during his stint with the Green Archers, despite grabbing another Mythical Five honor yet again. This allowed Teng to tie legends such as former FEU Tamaraw Arwind Santos with three Mythical Five selections. Final season and Second Championship
In his final season with the Green Archers, Coach Aldin Ayo took over the coaching staff following the resignation of Juno Sauler, who resigned after UAAP Season 78. Aldin Ayo


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 would become the master strategist after winning an NCAA Basketball Championship as head coach of the Letran Knights, ending the historic five-peat of the San Beda Red Lions. Coach Ayo would now experience a season far different from his Cinderella run in the NCAA. This was a monumental move for <mask>'s legacy as the King Archer led La Salle to a famous 12–0 run until they lost to the Ateneo Blue Eagles in their penultimate game. Teng would win one last Mythical Five honor in his final year and carry the team through the elimination round with a 13–1 record that gave the Green Archers the first seed.<mask> would be once again named finals MVP after he dominated the series and captained the team to sweep the Ateneo Blue Eagles in the finals. This included a historic 28 point game to clinch the series and his career, making this squad one of the most memorable rosters in collegiate basketball history. His exploits at the collegiate level, from his multiple tournament MVPs and championships to his longevity and complete accolades, make him by acclamation the greatest collegiate basketball player of the 2010s decade. Semi-professional career

PBA D-League
After being picked first in the PBA D-League draft, Teng suited up for the AMA University Titans and exploded with 42 points, seven rebounds, and six assists in his debut against Batangas in the Aspirant's Cup, which was the first conference of the 2017 season. After a successful first conference, Teng signed with the FilOil Flying V Thunder and immediately brought the team to the top seed, which included a rare triple double against his old team, AMA Online Education. Coach Eric Altamirano, who would immediately join Teng as an assistant coach for the Alaska Aces weeks before the team drafted him, compared Teng to then Lakers star Lonzo Ball. The elated Coach Altamirano, who won

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 titles in the UAAP and the PBA quoted, "Tonight, he showed that he can also be a Lonzo Ball."After becoming just the fourth player in D-league history to record a triple double, Teng would do it once again scoring 20 points, together with 16 rebounds and 10 assists. "That’s something he can always have (triple-double) when he gets into the PBA. I think he’s really working on it, yung 'complete game' niya, the other dimensions of his game,” said Altamirano. Teng would finish with two stellar conferences and reach the bare minimum for application to the 2017 PBA draft. Professional career
On October 29, 2017, with an official height of 6'1 3/4 Teng was drafted 5th overall by the Alaska Aces. Already a proven star after his first few games, on January 14, 2018, Teng immediately grabbed player of the game honors after scoring 23 points and pulling down nine boards against the Kia Picanto. Together with star Calvin Abueva, the duo helped drastically improve the Aces' record after coming off a four-game losing streak in the previous year.He made his first Finals appearance in the Governor's Cup, where the Aces lost to the Magnolia Hotshots. He ended the year a member of the All-Rookie Team. In the 2019 Commissioner's Cup, Teng had a career-high 15 rebounds in a win against the NLEX Road Warriors. He then had a hamstring injury, causing him to rest for two weeks. He returned in the Governors' Cup against the Rain or Shine Elasto Painters and had 18 points, 9 rebounds, and 2 assists in the win. A few games after that, he suffered a knee injury, which was later revealed to be a hyperextended knee, causing him to rest for another two weeks. After the 2020 season, <mask> signed a three-year deal with the Aces.On February 19, 2022, he had a PBA career-high 30 points (with 14 in the fourth quarter) to rally Alaska to a win over the


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 Terrafirma Dyip in the Governors' Cup. National team

3x3 Tournaments
Teng was part of the first-ever Philippine team that took part in a 3x3 worldwide competition, along with Bobby Ray Parks Jr., Mike Tolomia, and Michael Pate in the 2010 Youth Olympic Games in Singapore. Along with Kiefer Ravena, Parks Jr., and Kevin Ferrer, Teng competed at the 2013 FIBA Asia 3X3 Championship as part of the Philippine national 3x3 team. Teng represented the Philippines in the 2017 FIBA 3x3 World Cup on June 17 to 21, 2017 in Nantes, France. They finished the tournament at 11th place. 2017 Fiba Asia Champions Cup
Teng also starred for the 2017 Gilas Pilipinas team and led them all the way to fifth place with noteworthy performances against many of the top nations in basketball. One of Teng's best games came on September 24, 2017, against the Mono Vampire, an Asean Basketball League (ABL) team which represented the national men's basketball team of Thailand.<mask> scored 17 points as the national team won 115–102. Off the court

TV appearances
After the UAAP Season 76 Finals, he and his brother Jeric made rounds of TV guestings in shows like Minute to Win It, The Ryzza Mae Show, The Bottomline with Boy Abunda, Wish Ko Lang, Aquino & Abunda Tonight, The Buzz,  and ASAP 18. <mask> was a hurado (judge) for It's Showtime from November 4 to 9, 2013. <mask> made his acting debut in the top-rated weeknight series Got to Believe (as collegiate basketball superstar "Allen Chua"). He was rumored to be in the cast of Kubot: The Aswang Chronicles 2 (2014), the sequel to Tiktik: The Aswang Chronicles (2012). In 2017, <mask> appeared in Meant to Be which aired on GMA Network as himself. Stabbing incident
On June 3, 2018, <mask>, along with Norbert Torres and Thomas Torres, were stabbed in a parking lot attack early that day.They recovered at St. Luke's

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<mask> (June 4, 1911 – June 10, 1991) was a psychologist and personality theorist who developed both affect theory and script theory. Following the publication of the third volume of his book Affect Imagery Consciousness in 1991, his body of work received renewed interest, leading to attempts by others to summarize and popularize his theories. Biography
The following is a summary based on a biographical essay by Irving Alexander. <mask> was born in Philadelphia to Russian Jewish immigrants, and raised in Camden, New Jersey. He studied playwriting as an undergraduate at the University of Pennsylvania, but immediately on graduating he enrolled as a graduate student in psychology. However, he withdrew upon completing only the master's degree, finding the Penn Psychology Department's emphasis on psychophysics unfriendly to his interests. Remaining at Penn, he received his PhD in Philosophy in 1934, working on value theory with Edgar A.Singer, Jr.

After a year handicapping horse races, he relocated to Harvard for postdoctoral study in Philosophy with W.V. Quine. In time, he became aware of the Harvard Psychological Clinic, and in 1937 he joined its staff, entering a particularly productive and happy period of his life. During this period, he published his first book, Contemporary Psychopathology, containing a survey of contemporary thought as well as his own contribution to it. He wrote a book about the projective Thematic Apperception Test, then developed the Picture Arrangement Test that combined elements of projection and forced choice. In 1947, he married Elizabeth "BeeGee" Taylor;

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Silvan Solomon Tomkins
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 the marriage would last nearly three decades. The same year, he moved to Princeton University's Department of Psychology to take a position that would entail a large amount of frustration.First, he would work at the Educational Testing Service, which required him to submit documentation of the precise hours he worked in the building. At the same time, he worked for Princeton University, which never fully supported the graduate program in Clinical Psychology which he tried to establish. During his Princeton career, he was able to spend a year at the Ford Center in Palo Alto, California, where he wrote what became the first two volumes of Affect Imagery Consciousness. At this point in his career, he began to have a mentoring relationship with two younger scholars—Paul Ekman and Carroll Izard—who would later become better known than <mask> and whose early concepts of emotion owe much to <mask>'. After receiving an NIMH career research award, he left Princeton for CUNY Graduate Center in 1965, then in 1968 moved to Rutgers University, from which he retired in 1975 to work on his script theory. Affect theory
Disagreements among theorists persist today over <mask>' firm insistence that there were nine and only nine affects, biologically based. The basic six are: interest-excitement, enjoyment-joy, surprise-startle, distress-anguish, anger-rage, and fear-terror.<mask> always described the first six, and one that "evolved later" (shame-humiliation) in pairs. In these pairs, the first pair part names the mild manifestation and the second the more intense. The final two affects described by

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 <mask> are "dissmell" and disgust. <mask> argued that these nine affects are quite discrete (whereas emotions are complex and muddled), that they manifest a shared biological heritage with what is called emotion in animals, and that they differ from Freudian drives in lacking an object. Script Theory
<mask> (1979) argues that the basic unit of analysis which we use to determine scripts is called a “scene”. A scene is defined as a sequence of events linked by the affects triggered during the experience of those events. Scripts follow scenes identifying patterns in interactions and respond based on the societal perspectives.In social settings, the behaviors and responses of individuals can be determined based on the setting and the interaction. According to Wiederman, social scripts provide meaning and direction on how to respond to specific situations (Wiederman, 2005). Without scripts we would not be able to identify correct or appropriate responses to specific situations. Queer theory
In their paper Shame in the Cybernetic Fold: Reading <mask> <mask>, Queer theorist Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick and Science and Technology Studies Professor Adam Frank examine the relevance of Tomkin's work for queer theory as well as poststructuralist theory more generally, arguing that <mask>' work may provide important epistemological insights about the self. Bibliography
<mask>, <mask> S. (1962), Affect Imagery Consciousness: Volume I, The Positive Affects. London: Tavistock. <mask>, <mask> S. (1963), Affect Imagery Consciousness: Volume II, The Negative Affects.<mask>, <mask> S. (1991), Affect Imagery

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 Consciousness Volume III. The Negative Affects: Anger and Fear New York: Springer. <mask>, <mask> S. and Bertram P. Karon (1962–1992), Affect, Imagery, Consciousness Volume IV New York: Springer. <mask>, <mask> S. (1934), Conscience, self love and benevolence in the system of Bishop Butler, University of Pennsylvania. <mask>, <mask> S. and H.A. Murray (1943), Contemporary Psychopathology: A Source Book. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. <mask>, <mask> S. and Elizabeth J<mask> (1947), The Thematic Apperception Test: The Theory and Technique of Interpretation New York, Grune & Stratton. <mask>, <mask> S. and John Burnham Miner (1957), The Tomkins-Horn Picture Arrangement Test New York: Springer. <mask>, <mask> S. and John B. Miner (1959), PAT Interpretation: Scope and Technique New York: Springer. <mask>, <mask> S. and Samuel Messick (1963), Computer Simulation of Personality: Frontier of Psychological Theory New York: Wiley. <mask>, <mask> S. and Carroll E. Izard (1965), Affect, Cognition, and Personality: Empirical Studies New York: Springer.See also
Discrete emotion theory

References

Sources
The Tomkins Institute

External links
 Silvan Tomkins Institute
 Anecdotes about <mask> from Blink, by Malcolm Gladwell
 https://web.archive.org/web/20060622121951/http://www.affectivetherapy.co.uk/Tomkins_Affect.htm
 https://web.archive.org/web/20080915175735/http://www.brianlynchmd.com/AT/resources.htm

1911 births
1991 deaths
American psychologists
Jewish philosophers
Jewish American writers
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
20th-century psychologists
20th-century American

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<mask> (1876–1954) was an American experimental psychologist and behavior scientist. He provided a conceptual framework for the study of behavior organization and is regarded as one of the founders of ethology. <mask> experimentally studied the behavioral expression of emotion, the way innate and learned behavioral tendencies are integrated, and how vocal as well as social behaviors are organized. He encouraged a view of behavior as an integrated process with evolutionary, motivational, experiential, social and ecological degrees of freedom. This integrative perspective helped shape modern behavioral science. Early life and education

<mask> was born on July 20, 1876, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, the son of <mask> of Edinburgh, a Scottish immigrant to the United States, and Marion Brookes of London, an Englishwoman. He married Mima Davis Jenness of Sheffield on October 12, 1904.<mask> graduated from Hyde Park High School, Chicago, Illinois, in 1895 and received both his Bachelor of Science degree (1898) and his Master of Science degree (1901) from the University of Illinois. From 1901 he studied with Charles O. Whitman and received his PhD from the University of Chicago, Illinois (1908), for his research on pigeon behavior. <mask> worked as a high school science teacher (1900, Harlan, Iowa; 1900–1901 Fort Collins, Colorado; 1904–1905 Coshocton, Ohio), as a university assistant in zoology

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Wallace Craig
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 (1901–1904, University of Chicago), and as a psychology and biology teacher (1905–1907, State Normal School, Valley City, North Dakota). In 1903 and 1906, he was a student at the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts. After receiving his doctorate, <mask> became a professor of philosophy at the University of Maine at Orono (1908–22). During this period <mask> published most of his papers on the principles of behavior organization. These include a series of articles comparing the expression of emotions across different species of pigeons (1909–1911), articles on time keeping and behavioral synchronization (1916, 1917), as well as conceptual papers on appetites and aversions (1917, 1918) and on fighting (1921).The circumstances surrounding the end of <mask>'s appointment at the University of Maine are not clear; determinants may include both a progressive loss of hearing and dissatisfaction with collegiality and with research conditions. Career and impact
After 1922, <mask>'s professional standing remained unstable. Thanks to support from Gordon Allport and James Woods of the Department of Philosophy and Psychology at Harvard University, <mask> held various posts there until the mid-1930s (1922–1923, lecturer in psychology; 1923–1927, biophysics librarian; various other posts). He was unable to procure an established academic position or regular research program until 1937.

masks: Craig Craig Craig Craig Craig


texts: During this period, <mask> and his wife lived in Scotland for two years. In the mid-1930s the American ornithologist Margaret Morse Nice instigated a contact with Konrad Lorenz, an Austrian naturalist. <mask> and Lorenz exchanged letters concerning key concepts of behavior such as reflex, instinct, taxis, tropism, learning, as well as search, appetitive and aversive behavior.None of these letters has been located to date. Together with <mask>'s published work, in particular his 1918 essay on appetites and aversions, they were regarded by Lorenz as foundational for the development of ethology. A key insight was that much behavior is expressed not in response to, but in search of sensory input – or the lack of such input. With increasing appetite, animals engage in an undirected search for food, and only once located will the food stimuli be tracked down and consumption ensue. The role of learning in these processes is to provide ever more 'educated guesses' during the initial search phase. In an essay from 1954, Lorenz refers to this view of a three-step organization of behavior as the <mask>z schema. <mask> used a notably broad definition of appetite (p. 91, <mask> 1918): "An appetite (…) is a state of agitation which continues so long as a certain stimulus, which may be called the appeted stimulus, is absent.When the appeted stimulus is at length received it stimulates a consummatory

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texts: reaction, after which the appetitive behavior ceases and is succeeded by a state of relative rest". Likewise, he defined aversion as "a state of agitation which continues so long as a certain stimulus, referred to as the disturbing stimulus, is present; but which ceases, being replaced by a state of relative rest, when that stimulus has ceased to act on the sense-organs." One of the students of Lorenz, Monika Holzapfel, extended these notions to suggest that states of rest are goals of behavior (Holzapfel, 1940). Within his framework of appetites and aversions, <mask> in his essay of 1921 described aggression as an aversion, in contrast to Lorenz, who regarded it as an appetite (Lorenz, 1966). From 1937, <mask> worked as a temporary ornithologist at the New York State Museum, State University of New York, Albany, with the support of the director of this institution, Charles C. Adams. By the end of this appointment <mask> had finished a monograph on the organization and psychology of bird song (1943). This monograph features an introduction by Adams and, despite being academic in character, an unusual preface by <mask> directed at young ornithologists of the future.Adams, who had known and supported <mask> since <mask>'s student days, mentions in his introduction that <mask> had been interested in birds and bird song since boyhood and had a musical bent for the violin and flute. Funded by

masks: Craig Craig Craig Craig Craig Craig Craig