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 events such as the baseball throw. During a competition held in Connecticut in 1938, she posted a 276 feet mark which placed second only to Babe Zaharias, who threw the ball a national record of 296 feet.Later, she found a job in a dairy company doing comptometer work, earning $16 a week, before signing a contract for $50 per week to become an original member of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. AAGPBL career
Jochum entered the league in 1943 and spent her entire six-year career with the South Bend Blue Sox, one of two teams to play in every AAGPBL season, being the other the Rockford Peaches. Jochum appeared at center field and left, pitched, and also played first base for a long time when the regular was hurt. Because she played in a league that progressively expanded the length of the base paths and pitching distance and decreased the size of the ball until the final year of play in the 1954 season. Incidentally, the relatively low batting averages in the early years reflect mainly the high quality of AAGPBL pitchers, rather than a lack of skills by the hitters. In her rookie season, Jochum posted a .273 average and led the league in at-bats (439), hits (120), singles (100), and doubles (12). She also stole 66 bases, scored 70 runs, and led all hitters in the second half of the season with a .295 average.She was selected to the All-Star Game, which coincidentally was the first night game played at Wrigley Field, on July 1, 1943. The game was played under temporary lights between two teams composed of Blue Sox and Peaches players against Comets and Belles players. Jochum led the circuit in her sophomore year of 1944 by hitting a


type: original

texts: respectable .296 average, considering the league's dead-ball era. She also posted career-numbers in games (112), runs (72), hits (128) and stolen bases (127), including seven steals in a game on August 2. Jochum dropped to .237 with 40 runs and 25 stolen bases in 1945 but rebounded in 1946 with a .250 average, including 64 runs, 73 stolen bases, 64 runs and a career-high 63 runs batted in. In that season, Dorothy Kamenshek led the league with a .316 average, while Bonnie Baker tied Sophie Kurys for second place at .286. With her .250 average, Jochum ranked third in her team and tenth overall for girls playing 90 or more games.She also tied with Kamenshek for the fewest strikeouts (10) and ranked second in RBI behind Elizabeth Mahon (72). Often a second-division team, the Blue Sox advanced to the playoffs for the first time in 1946, being beat in the first round by the Racine Belles, the eventual Championship Team after defeating the Rockford Peaches in six games. In 1947, the league moved its spring training camp to Havana, Cuba. Two hundred girls made the trip to Havana, and for many, like Jochum, the flight was their first airplane trip. As she recalled in an interview with Jim Sargent, I took my first airplane flight, we stayed at the Seville-Biltmore Hotel, and we played our games at the Gran Stadium. All the teams were filmed for Fox News going down the steps at the University of Havana. The new rules applied during the regular season permitted a full sidearm pitching delivery, and many players who developed hitting underhand pitching had problems adjusting to the new pitching style.As a result of the innovation, Dorothy Kamenshek was the champion


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 bat with a significant .306 average, Audrey Wagner was the leader with seven home runs, and Elizabeth Mahon topped all hitters with 53 runs batted in. Jochum was not an exception, as she slipped to .211, 42 RBI, 36 runs, and 44 stolen bases. For the second consecutive year South Bend made the playoffs, but again lost in the first round, this time to the Grand Rapids Chicks, who defeated the Racine Belles in seven games. The AAGPBL grew to an all-time peak of ten teams in 1948, the first year the league shifted to overhand pitching. Showing her versatility, the strong-armed Jochum was a natural choice to become a pitcher in her final season. She debuted against the Fort Wayne Daisies and limited them to a pair of hits, allowing only four batters to get on base (two by errors) while striking out five. At one point during the season, Jochum had a 13–6 record, but she lost seven of her last eight decisions to finish with a 14–13 mark.When she was not pitching, South Bend manager Marty McManus used her to fill at outfield, first base and pinch hit, even though she batted a low-career .195 average. Nevertheless, Jochum provided 14 of the 57 victories of her team, including a sparkling 1.51 earned run average, and striking out 103 batters while walking just 58 in 215 innings of work. Nevertheless, for the second straight year South Bend lost to Grand Rapids in the first round of the playoffs. Statistics

Batting

Fielding

Pitching

Life after baseball
Jochum quit the league after the 1948 season, when she was notified that the Peoria Redwings had acquired her in a transaction with the Blue Sox. While playing for South Bend, she resumed her comptometer job in


texts: Cincinnati during the off-season. Jochum learned about the trade unofficially through a teammate, and she ultimately decided to retire. She had many good friends in South Bend, plus a new comptometer job at Bendix Home Appliances.Jochum also was disappointed because the Blue Sox boasted figures as Charlotte Armstrong, Bonnie Baker, Doris Barr, Margaret Berger, Lois Florreich, Rose Gacioch, Lillian Faralla, Elizabeth Mahon and Dorothy Schroeder, who were part of strong winning teams during her years there, but never was able to win a regular season title or a championship crown. After her baseball days, Jochum earned bachelor's and master's degrees in physical education from Illinois State University. She taught girls physical education for South Bend Community Schools at Muessel Elementary/Junior High School for 26 years and retired in 1983. After that, she has participated in golf, bowling, and the Run Jane Run Exhibition Games. She also has assisted in gathering and sorting AAGPBL memorabilia for the Northern Indiana Historical Society. In November 1988, Jochum, along with her former teammates and opponents, received their long overdue recognition, when the Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown, New York dedicated a permanent display to the All American Girls Professional Baseball League. In 1999 she was enshrined into the Ohio Baseball of Fame and Museum in 1999.Besides this, her South Bend Blue Sox uniform has traveled in an itinerant display promoted by the Smithsonian Institution as part of its exhibition on Sports: Breaking Records, Breaking Barriers. As Jochum recalled in an interview, Women should have their own major league and minor


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 leagues plus the sponsors to make it go. As of 2010, Jochum was living in South Bend, Indiana. She turned 100 in February 2021. Sources

External links

1921 births
Living people
All-American Girls Professional Baseball League players
American centenarians
Baseball players from Cincinnati
South Bend Blue Sox players
Baseball players from South Bend, Indiana
Women centenarians
21st-century American women
Bendix Corporation


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<mask> (born March 9, 1964) is an American professional ice hockey coach and former player. He is currently an assistant coach for the Arizona Coyotes of the National Hockey League (NHL). <mask> was the head coach of the NHL's Buffalo Sabres from 2017 until 2019. Playing as a defenseman, <mask> was drafted by the Sabres in the first round of the 1982 NHL Entry Draft and had a long and illustrious career playing for the Sabres, Winnipeg Jets, St. Louis Blues, Calgary Flames, New Jersey Devils, Washington Capitals, Chicago Blackhawks, and Toronto Maple Leafs. As a player, <mask> was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2015. Playing career
<mask> is the second leading scorer amongst American-born players, with 1,232 points (338–894). He held the record for most points by an American-born NHL player until Mike Modano surpassed it on November 7, 2007.<mask> never won the Stanley Cup, coming closest with the Capitals in 1998, where they were swept in the Stanley Cup Finals by the Detroit Red Wings. At the time of retirement, <mask> had played more NHL games without winning the Stanley Cup than any other player in NHL history until the retirement of Shane Doan in 2017. On January 21, 2000, <mask> played in his 1,257th NHL game, the most ever at the time by an American, breaking the record held by Craig Ludwig. <mask> went on to play in 1,495 NHL games. He held the record for games played by an American-born player for nearly seven years, until it was broken, on November 24, 2006, by Chris Chelios. <mask> was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame in 2004, and was inducted into the

masks:
Phillip Francis Housley
Housley
Housley
Housley
Housley
Housley
Housley
Housley
Housley
Housley


texts:
 Hockey Hall of Fame on November 9, 2015. On February 7, 2007, he was inducted into the Buffalo Sabres Hall of Fame, commemorated in a pre-game ceremony with former head coach Scotty Bowman on hand.Coaching career
From 2004 to 2013, <mask> coached high school hockey at Stillwater Area High School in Stillwater, Minnesota, helping to rebuild the program to respectability. From 2013 to 2017, <mask> was an assistant coach for the Nashville Predators, working primarily with defensemen. On January 5, 2013, <mask> coached Team USA to the gold medal at the 2013 IIHF World U20 Championship in Ufa, Russia. He had served as an assistant coach on Team USA's 2007 and 2011 appearances in the World Juniors. On June 15, 2017, it was announced that <mask> was hired by the Buffalo Sabres as their new head coach. He led the Sabres to a 31st-place finish in his first season and saw the Sabres attain a 10-game winning streak early in his second season before the team collapsed down the stretch. <mask> was fired by the Sabres after the 2018–19 season on April 7, 2019.On June 26, 2019, it was announced that <mask> signed a multi-year contract as assistant coach for the Arizona Coyotes. For the Coyotes, <mask> serves as defensive coordinator and power play coach. Personal life
<mask> grew up in South St. Paul, Minnesota. He is married to his high school sweetheart, <mask>, a Minnesota state senator. The <mask>s have four grown children and reside in St. Marys Point, Minnesota. Career playing statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Head coaching record

Awards and achievements
Member of the United

masks:
Housley
Housley
Housley
Housley
Housley
Housley
Housley
Housley
Karin Housley
Housley


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 States Hockey Hall of Fame (2004)
NHL All-Rookie Team (1983)
NHL Second All-Star Team (1992)
Played in NHL All-Star Game (1984, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 2000)
Second runner-up Norris Trophy (1992)
Inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame (2015)
Youngest Defencemen in NHL History to Score (30) Goals in a Single Season @ (20 Years/9 Days) in Edmonton on 03/18/1984 in a 4-3 loss to the Oilers. International play
1984 Canada Cup (fourth place)
1987 Canada Cup (fifth place)
1996 World Cup of Hockey (first place)
Ice Hockey World Championships: 1982 (eight place), 1986 (sixth place), 1989 (sixth place), 2000 (fifth place), 2001 (fourth place), 2003 (13th place)
IIHF World U20 Championship: 2013 (Head Coach - Gold Medal)
2013 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships (Assistant Coach- Bronze Medal)

Transactions
June 7, 1982 - Buffalo Sabres 1st round draft choice (6th overall) in the 1982 NHL Entry Draft.June 16, 1990 - Traded by the Buffalo Sabres, along with Scott Arniel, Jeff Parker and Buffalo's 1990 1st round choice (Keith Tkachuk), to the Winnipeg Jets in exchange for Dale Hawerchuk and Winnipeg's 1990 1st round draft choice (Brad May). September 23, 1993 - Traded by the Winnipeg Jets to the St. Louis Blues in exchange for Nelson Emerson and Stéphane Quintal. July 4, 1994 - Traded by the St. Louis Blues, along with St. Louis' 1996 2nd round draft choice (Steve Bégin) and St. Louis' 1997 2nd round draft choice (John Tripp), to the Calgary Flames in exchange for Al MacInnis and Calgary's 1997 4th round draft choice. February 26, 1996 - Traded by the Calgary Flames, along with Dan Keczmer, to the New


texts:
 Jersey Devils in exchange for Tommy Albelin, Cale Hulse and Jocelyn Lemieux. July 22, 1996 - Signed as a free agent with the Washington Capitals. July 21, 1998 - Claimed on waivers by the Calgary Flames from the Washington Capitals
September 28, 2001 - Claimed on waivers by the Chicago Blackhawks from the Calgary Flames
March 11, 2003 - Traded by the Chicago Blackhawks to the Toronto Maple Leafs in exchange for Toronto's 2003 9th round draft choice (Chris Porter) and Toronto's 2004 4th round draft choice (Karel Hromas). See also
 List of members of the United States Hockey Hall of Fame
 List of NHL statistical leaders
 List of NHL players with 1000 games played
 List of NHL players with 1000 points

References

External links

 <mask>'s U.S. Olympic Team bio

1964 births
Living people
American men's ice hockey defensemen
Buffalo Sabres draft picks
Buffalo Sabres coaches
Buffalo Sabres players
Calgary Flames players
Chicago Blackhawks players
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey coaches from Minnesota
Ice hockey players at the 2002 Winter Olympics
IIHF Hall of Fame inductees
Lester Patrick Trophy recipients
Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Nashville Predators coaches
National Hockey League All-Stars
National Hockey League first round draft picks
New Jersey Devils players
Olympic silver medalists for the United States in ice hockey
Sportspeople from Saint Paul, Minnesota
St. Louis Blues players
St. Paul Vulcans players
Toronto Maple Leafs players
United States Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Washington Capitals players
Winnipeg Jets (1979–1996) players
Ice hockey players from Saint Paul,


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<mask> (born 3 December 1960 in Stuttgart) is a German professor of law and legal philosopher. He currently works at the University of Würzburg, serving as the Chair of the Department of Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure, Legal Theory, and Information and Computer Science Law. Hilgendorf is one of Germany's most influential scholars in the field of criminal law, with a special focus on IT law and artificial intelligence and law. Academic background
After graduating from high school in Ansbach in 1980, Hilgendorf entered the University of Tübingen where he studied several subjects including philosophy, modern history, religious studies, and law. He finished his BA/MA degree with concentrations in philosophy and history with the submission of his master's thesis on the "History of the Parliamentary Freedom of Speech in Germany." After that, he finished his PhD thesis in Philosophy in 1990 with a study on "Argumentation in Jurisprudence," and was awarded his second PhD in the field of Law with his thesis entitled "Criminal Production Liability in the Society of Risk." In 1997 he finished his habilitation dissertation with the focuses of criminal law, criminal process, and legal philosophy with his book "On the Distinction of Factual Statements and Value Judgments in Criminal Law."Following his habilitation, Hilgendorf worked as a professor of criminal law at the University of Konstanz from 1997 to 2001 and served there as Dean from 1999 to 2001. Since 2001 he has taught at the Julius-Maximilian University of Würzburg and was given the Chair of the Department of Criminal Law, Criminal Justice, Legal Theory, Information and Computer Science Law. He served as Dean of the Law Faculty from October 2010 to September 2012. Academic career
Hilgendorf's main areas of concentration are medical law, computer- and Internet criminal law, law and technology and comparative law. He is also active in foundational legal research including work in the subfields of legal philosophy, legal theory, bioethics, history of


texts: legal thought, the history of criminal law, and human dignity. He belongs to the Pioneers of E-Learning in Jurisprudence and from 2005 to 2009 was a member of the Commission on Virtual Higher Education in Bavaria. Among other distinctions, Hilgendorf is a member of the Association of Criminal Law Teachers and the European Society for Analytic Philosophy, a correspondent of the Hans Kelsen Society in Vienna, and a member of the Scientific Advisory Committee of the Giordano Bruno Foundation.He has been called upon several times to give counsel to the German Parliament and Federal government on matters of criminal law, medical law, and Internet crime. Since 2014, Hilgendorf has been serving as co-editor of the renowned JuristenZeitung. Professor <mask> has also been a spokesman for Würzburg's Center for Foundational Legal-Academic Research. He heads the University of Würzburg’s project "Global Systems and Intercultural Competence" (GSIK), which focuses on teaching students of all faculties how to recognize, analyze, and solve intercultural conflicts. Under this program are a number of projects focusing on international comparative law. He was one of the organizers of an international team of researchers at the Center for Interdisciplinary Research (ZIF) in Bielefeld, Germany. He is involved in the field of legal development through his partnerships with universities in Turkey, the Caucasus (mainly Azerbaijan), and East Asia (China, Korea and Japan), for example forming cooperative relations with Peking University Law School.In 2010, he and Professor Genlin Liang of the Peking University of China founded the Chinese-German Federation of Criminal Law Professors (CDSV), whose goal it is to promote the academic exchange between the two countries. Meanwhile, the CDSV is considered to be one of the most important academic platforms for academic cooperation in criminal law between Germany and China. In 2013, Hilgendorf was appointed visiting professor at the Law Faculty of the Peking University. He was


texts:
 given the title of honorary professor. Since 2018, he is member of the "Global Faculty" of Peking University Law School. In the same year. he received an honorary professorship from Renmin University Law School.In 2014, he was a guest professor at Hebrew University, Jerusalem. In 2010, Hilgendorf founded the "Forschungsstelle Robotrecht", a well-known research centre addressing legal issues related to autonomous systems in industrial processes, transport and private life. Regarding autonomous automobiles, this involves questions of civil and criminal liability, protection of privacy and matters of registration for road traffic. Since 2013, he is head of the pan-European legal research group of AdaptIVe, an EU-funded research project on the development of autonomous vehicles. In 2016, he was appointed by Federal Minister of Transport and Digital Infrastructure Alexander Dobrindt to serve on the German government's Ethics Commission on Autonomous Driving. Since 2019, Hilgendorf is co-director of the newly founded Bavarian Research Institute for Digital Transformation (BIDT) situated in Munich. Moreover, he is member of the European High Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence.Hilgendorf is also the chairperson of the Juristen ALUMNI Würzburg, the University of Würzburg Law Faculty's alumni relations program. Publications
Hilgendorf is the author of multiple books, essays, and annotations. Many of his works have been translated into other languages such as English, Spanish, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Turkish and Greek. Among his works are (with English translation):

Argumentation in der Jurisprudenz. Zur Rezeption von analytischer Philosophie und kritischer Theorie in der Grundlagenforschung der Jurisprudenz (Argumentation in Jurisprudence: On the Reception of Analytical Philosophy and Critical Theory in the Basic Research of Jurisprudence), Tübingen, Univ., Diss., 1990, Duncker & Humblot Berlin 1991
Die Entwicklungsgeschichte der parlamentarischen Redefreiheit in Deutschland


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 (Historical Development of the Parliamentary Freedom of Speech in Germany), Peter Lang Frankfurt am Main 1991
Hans Albert zur Einführung (Hans Albert: an Introduction), Junius, Hamburg 1997 (Zur Einführung, 143)
Wissenschaftlicher Humanismus. Texte zur Moral- und Rechtsphilosophie des frühen logischen Empirismus (Scientific Humanism: Essays on the Moral- and Legal-philosophy of early logical Empiricism), Haufe Verlag, Freiburg 1998 (Haufe-Schriftenreihe zur rechtswissenschaftlichen Grundlagenforschung, Bd. 12)
Fallsammlung zum Strafrecht.Allgemeiner und Besonderer Teil (Casebook on Criminal Law: General and Specific Sections), 5. Ed., Beck, Munich 2008
dtv - Atlas Recht Bd. 1. Grundlagen, Staatsrecht, Strafrecht (dtv - Atlas of Law Vol. 1. Foundations of Constitutional and Criminal Law), Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag, Munich 2003, 2. Ed.2008
dtv - Atlas Recht Bd. 2 Verwaltungsrecht, Zivilrecht (dtv – Atlas of Law Vol. 2 Administrative Law, Civil Law), Deutscher Taschenbuchverlag, Munich 2008
Strafrecht Besonderer Teil (Criminal Law Specific Part), Gieseking Verlag, 2. Ed. Bielefeld 2009 (together with authors Gunter Arzt, Ulrich Weber and Bernd Heinrich)
Die deutschsprachige Strafrechtswissenschaft in Selbstdarstellungen (The German Criminal-Law Science in Self-Representation), 2010 (Editor)
Ostasiatisches Strafrecht (Eastasian Criminal Law), Tuebingen 2010 (Editor)
 Handbuch des deutschen Strafrechts (Handbook of German Criminal Law), Vol. 1, Heidelberg 2018
Medizinstrafrecht (Medical Criminal Law), 2. Ed.2019

References

External links
 Literature from and on Professor <mask>rf in the catalogues of the German National Library
 Department of Criminal Law, Criminal Justice, Legal Theory, Information and Computer Science Law at the University of Würzburg
 Full list of publications
 Project Homepage of Global Systems and Intercultural Competence
 Homepage of the Juristen ALUMNI Würzburg

1960 births
Living people
People from Stuttgart
German legal scholars
German lawyers
University of Würzburg


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<mask> (born 1 August 1958) is an English rock musician notable for playing with the bands Eddie and the Hot Rods and The Damned. Biography
<mask> was born in Leigh-on-Sea. Inspired by a Hawkwind gig he attended, <mask> started learning bass guitar at the age of 13, his playing influenced by bassists such as Steve Currie, Lemmy, John Entwistle, Felix Pappalardi and Roger Glover. He joined Eddie and the Hot Rods as bassist after answering an advert in the Southend Evening Echo. The band had several hit singles and albums in the late 1970s, including "Do Anything You Wanna Do". While working with Eddie and the Hot Rods, he also recorded bass for Larry Wallis, Rob Tyner and Johnny Thunders, as well as filling in as temporary bassist for The Members. In early 1980, following the departure of Graeme Douglas, <mask> left Eddie and the Hot Rods and, on the insistence of Captain Sensible and Rat Scabies, joined the punk rock band The Damned, replacing former bassist Algy Ward.<mask> contributed to two studio albums, The Black Album and Strawberries, as well as numerous singles and the Friday 13th EP. Frictions in the band led to <mask>'s departure in February 1983. Shortly afterwards, he joined UFO and remained until their split in 1987. In 1989, after brief stints with Heavy Load, Fastway and Andrew Ridgeley, <mask> rejoined The Damned, ostensibly for a one-off reunion tour of the UK, US, and Japan. This tour reunited <mask> with Captain Sensible, and the two worked together on Sensible's solo material, as well as touring together.

masks:
Paul Murray Granville Gray
Paul Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray


texts: This Sensible-led group briefly evolved into another reunion of The Damned, with <mask> concurrently reforming Eddie & the Hot Rods for one album, Gasoline Days, for which he contributed the song writing, and supported the album with several tours in the UK and Germany. In between these high profile projects, he also played bass with Canvey Island Allstars, and René Berg, and began producing local bands.With the onset of severe tinnitus and hyperacusis interrupting his live music activities, <mask> became Lead Tutor for Community Music Wales - a charity aimed at helping young bands based in Cardiff - on a variety of national and international projects between 1995 and 2004. In 1997, <mask> formed Mischief with Alan Lee Shaw, a studio-based project allowing him to write and record without damaging his hearing further by playing live. In 1998, he appeared alongside Barry Masters of Eddie & the Hot Rods on the Identity Parade round of British comedy panel show Never Mind the Buzzcocks. In 2005, he took up the post of Regional Officer, Wales & Southwest England for the British Musicians' Union. <mask> reunited with Captain Sensible in 2013 to form psychedelic rock band The Sensible Gray Cells with drummer Ant Thickett. After the release of debut album A Postcard from Britain, <mask> was diagnosed with throat cancer and had to cancel tentative plans to return to playing live music. He has since recovered.On 27 February 2014, <mask> joined fellow original Hot Rods Barrie Masters, Steve Nicol, and Graeme Douglas on stage at The

masks: Gray Gray Gray Gray Gray Gray


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 Oysterfleet, Canvey Island to play in tribute to the late Dave Higgs, founder member of the band. <mask> joined Professor and the Madman in 2017, alongside former Damned drummer Rat Scabies, and featured on their albums Disintegrate Me and Live at the Hundred Club. In September 2017, <mask> rejoined The Damned following the departure of Stu West, recording the album Evil Spirits and returning to full-time touring for the first time in nearly 15 years. <mask> appeared on stage for the final Eddie and the Hot Rods show in April 2019, alongside founding members Barry Masters, Graeme Douglas and Steve Nicol. In 2020, both The Damned and The Sensible Gray Cells released new material, the latter including <mask>'s first lead vocal performance on "What's the Point of Andrew?". The Damned's 2020 EP The Rockfield Files included two tracks written by <mask>, entitled 'Manipulator' and 'The Spider & the Fly'. During the COVID-19 pandemic, <mask> opened up Paul Gray Bass Online, a website offering services as a session bassist to recording artists.(2020)
"Get Back into the World" / "World of Confusion" (2020)
Get Back into the World (2020)

With Sir Silence and The Hush
End of the Pier (2015)

With Rachel Taylor-Beales
Stones Throw, Lament of the Selkie (2015)

With EVO
Warfare (2017)

With Professor and the Madman
Disintegrate Me (2018)
Live at the 100 Club (2019)

References

1958 births
Living people
English rock bass guitarists
Male bass guitarists
UFO (band) members
The Damned (band) members
People from Rochford
Eddie and the Hot


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<mask> is an American computer scientist and entrepreneur best known for his work on developing novel sensing solutions and ubiquitous computing. He is the Washington Research Foundation Entrepreneurship Endowed Professor at the University of Washington in Computer Science & Engineering and Electrical Engineering, where he joined in 2008. His technology start-up company on energy sensing, Zensi, was acquired by Belkin International, Inc. in 2010. He was named a 2011 MacArthur Fellow. In 2016, He was elected as an ACM Fellow for contributions to sustainability sensing, low-power wireless sensing and mobile health and received Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE). He was named the recipient of the 2018 ACM Prize in Computing for contributions to creative and practical sensing systems for sustainability and health. Biography

Personal life
<mask> was born on December 9, 1981 in Selma, Alabama, though he was raised in Birmingham, Alabama.He attended Jefferson County International Baccalaureate School for high school in Birmingham, graduating in 2000. He received his B.S. in Computer Science from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 2003, and then continued on to receive his Ph.D. in computer science in 2008 under the advisement of Dr. Gregory Abowd. He started as an assistant professor at the University of Washington in 2008, where he remains today. In July 2013, he was promoted to associate professor, and then in July 2014 was named the Washington Research Foundation Endowed Professor. <mask> is married to Dr. Julie A. Kientz, who is

masks:
Shwetak Naran Patel
Shwetak Patel
Patel


texts:
 also a faculty member at the University of Washington, and lives in Seattle, Washington. Professional career
<mask>’s research is broadly in the areas of ubiquitous computing, human-computer interaction, and user interface software and technology.He has published over 50 articles since 2003 and has received numerous best paper awards. <mask> focuses on developing easy-to-deploy sensing technologies, activity recognition, and applications for energy monitoring. He also has developed novel interaction techniques for mobile devices, mobile sensing systems, and wireless sensor platforms, many of which in collaboration with Microsoft Research, where is also a visiting researcher. Dr. <mask>'s primary research has been in building low-cost and easy-to-deploy sensing systems, which he calls Infrastructure Mediated Sensing. These approaches leverage utility infrastructures in a home to support whole-house sensing. <mask> co-founded a company called Zensi, Inc., while he was a graduate student at Georgia Tech. Zensi was a demand-side energy monitoring solutions provider.In 2010, Zensi was acquired by Belkin, Inc in 2010 for an undisclosed sum. This acquisition resulted in numerous awards for <mask>, including making the cover of Seattle Business magazine, newsmaker of the year by TechFlash, and was named one of the top 10 start up stories of 2010 by TechFlash. Dr. <mask> has also received international recognition for his work, including the MacArthur Fellowship in 2011, the MIT Technology Review TR-35 award in 2009, the Microsoft Research Faculty Fellowship in 2011, the

masks: Patel Patel Patel Patel Patel Patel


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 2011 India Abroad Face of the Future award, and the Sloan Fellowship in 2012. His work was featured in the cover story of Wired Magazine, and his past work on camera blocking technology was also honored by the New York Times as a top technology of the year in 2005. He also has numerous other articles appearing in the popular media on his inventions. In 2017 he became a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery. Selected bibliography
Mariakakis, A., Baudin, J., Whitmire, E., Mehta, V., Banks, M.A., Law, A., Mcgrath, L. and <mask>, S.N., 2017.PupilScreen: using smartphones to assess traumatic brain injury. Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies, 1(3), pp. 1–27. Wang, E.J., Li, W., Hawkins, D., Gernsheimer, T., Norby-Slycord, C. and <mask>, S.N., 2016, September. HemaApp: noninvasive blood screening of hemoglobin using smartphone cameras. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (pp. 593–604).De Greef, L., Goel, M., Seo, M.J., Larson, E.C., Stout, J.W., Taylor, J.A. and <mask>, S.N., 2014, September. Bilicam: using mobile phones to monitor newborn jaundice. In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (pp. 331–342). Larson, E.C., Goel, M., Boriello, G., Heltshe, S., Rosenfeld, M. and <mask>, S.N., 2012, September. SpiroSmart: using a microphone to measure lung function on a mobile phone.In Proceedings of the 2012 ACM conference on ubiquitous computing (pp. 280–289). Cohn, G., Morris, D., <mask>, S.N.,

masks: Patel Patel Patel Patel Patel


texts:
 Tan, D.S. Your Noise is My Command: Sensing Gestures Using the Body as an Antenna. CHI 2011. ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2011). Gupta, S., Reynolds, M.S., <mask>, S.N.ElectriSense: Single-Point Sensing Using EMI for Electrical Event Detection and Classification in the Home. Ubicomp 2010. Froehlich, J. Larson, E., Campbell, T., Haggerty, C., Fogarty, J., and <mask>, S.N. HydroSense: Infrastructure-Mediated Single-Point Sensing of Whole-Home Water Activity. UbiComp 2009. Cohn, G., Stuntebeck, E., Pandey, J., Otis., B., Abowd, G.D., <mask>, S.N. SNUPI: Sensor Nodes Utilizing Powerline Infrastructure.Ubicomp 2010. <mask>, S.N, Gupta, S., Reynolds, M. The Design and Evaluation of an End-User-Deployable, Whole House, Contactless Power Consumption Sensor. ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2010). <mask>, S.N., Robertson, T., Kientz, J.A., Reynolds, M.S., Abowd, G.D. At the Flick of a Switch: Detecting and Classifying Unique Electrical Events on the Residential Power Line. Ubicomp 2007. References

External links
 <mask>'s personal home page
 University of Washington Ubicomp Computing Research Group
 University of Washington Computer Science & Engineering
 University of Washington Electrical Engineering

Living people
People from Selma, Alabama
American computer scientists
Human–computer interaction researchers
University of Washington faculty
Ubiquitous computing researchers
1981 births
MacArthur Fellows
American academics of Indian descent
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
American people of Gujarati


texts: <mask> is an American Navy veteran and whistleblower (previously employed by Sandia National Laboratories) who tracked down a Chinese cyberespionage ring that is code-named Titan Rain by the FBI. He came to national attention when his story was reported on in the September 5, 2005 issue of Time magazine. <mask> was an employee of Sandia National Laboratories, investigating security breaches in its networks. However, upon tracking several breaches of Sandia, Lockheed Martin Corporation, Redstone Arsenal, and even NASA, dating back to 2003, <mask> noticed patterns that began to appear to link the attacks to a single group. He was impressed by the meticulous, voracious and incredibly fast manner (sometimes completed in less than 30 minutes) in which the hackers operated. Such observations led him to alert the federal government of his findings. The Titan Rain hacking operation was first reported in an August 25, 2005 Washington Post article by Bradley Graham, which didn't mention <mask>.Graham listed anonymous governmental officials as his sources. After informing his supervisors of the breaches, he was told that his only concern should be Sandia computers, and to drop the issue. His employment was later terminated when <mask> disobeyed his management and communicated the information about the security breaches first to United States Army Cyber Counterintelligence Special Agents, who verified his information and later brought in the FBI. The FBI requested a Senior DAC Counterintelligence agent known in the counterintelligence community by the nickname "Doc" to handle <mask> and lead the operation on behalf of the FBI. <mask> was a confidential informant for the FBI for almost half a year

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texts: before Sandia discovered his actions. <mask> reportedly felt betrayed by the termination, as he viewed his actions were a service to his country, similar to that of his previous military service. According to <mask>, during his termination hearing at Sandia, Bruce Held, Sandia's chief of counterintelligence, yelled "[you're] lucky you have such understanding management... if you worked for me, I would decapitate you!There would at least be blood all over the office!" During the subsequent court case, Held testified that he did use the word "decapitate" and, while he did not recall using the word "blood," would not contest it. He also apologized. <mask> sued Sandia National Laboratories for wrongful termination and defamation; a jury awarded him almost $4.7 million in compensatory and punitive damages on February 13, 2007. The jury more than doubled the punitive damages requested by <mask>'s attorneys Thad Guyer, Stephani Ayers and Philip Davis. The 13-person New Mexico state district court jury determined that Sandia's handling of <mask>'s termination was "malicious, willful, reckless, wanton, fraudulent or in bad faith." Juror Ed Dzienis said that, "If they (Sandia) have an interest in protecting us, they certainly didn't show it with the way they handled <mask>."Ms. Alex Scott, the jury forewoman, said jurors were upset by the lack of documentation of the process and by the "reckless behavior on the part of Sandia to not have adequate policies in place for employees about hacking, and the cavalier attitude about national security and global security." <mask>'s wife, Dr. Jennifer Jacobs, testified at the trial. Dr. Jacobs, a former Sandia scientist, nuclear engineer, West Point graduate,

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texts: and Army Reserve Major, said Sandia management questioned her loyalty to the company after her husband was fired. Dr. Jacobs left Sandia and was later appointed as a White House Fellow, and was a director at the United States National Security Council. In an interview with the Albuquerque Journal, Dr. Jacobs stated, "The point for us all along was this is bad for the country to have contractors like Sandia Corporation behaving this way -- with impunity. And if other citizens don't do this, it's the beginning of the end for our country. That's what we kept coming back to: This is what we have to do, because it's what we expect of others."Sandia Corporation, the private entity that manages Sandia National Laboratories on behalf of the National Nuclear Security Administration, the Department of Energy and Federal Government of the United States, was a wholly owned subsidiary of the for-profit Lockheed Martin Corporation. In an ironic twist, <mask> testified at trial that he found hundreds of pages of detailed schematics and other sensitive documents labeled, "Lockheed Martin Proprietary Information" and "Export Controlled" regarding the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter stashed on a foreign server in South Korea. He was helping the FBI investigate the stolen Lockheed Martin information along with hundreds of other network breaches at military and United States defense contractors when Sandia officials fired him. , <mask> is employed at NetWitness Corporation, a startup headed by Amit Yoran, former director of the National Cyber Security Division within the United States Department of Homeland Security. In March 2007, Sandia National Laboratories retained three additional attorneys at the

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texts: international corporate defense firm of Baker Botts. In post-trial motions, Sandia attorneys unsuccessfully argued to throw out the jury verdict, to reduce the judgment to zero, and for a new trial. <mask>'s attorneys successfully argued a motion for post-judgment interest and Sandia was ordered to pay an interest rate of 15% per year on the final judgment of $4,742,146.66 (plus attorney fees) during the appeals process.In April 2007, Sandia attorneys filed a motion to appeal the jury verdict. Sandia National Laboratories posted a $5.8 million supersedeas bond to prevent <mask> from seizing Sandia assets during the appeals process. Interest in the amount of almost $60,000 a month accumulates while Sandia pursues their appeals. According to news reports, Sandia plans to appeal to the New Mexico Supreme Court, if necessary, which could take years. On October 14, 2007, The Albuquerque Journal published a story ("Analyst, Sandia Settle Suit") that stated that Sandia had dropped its appeal of the verdict. According to the story, the judgment had been accumulating 15 percent interest since the verdict in his favor in February 2007. The piece also related that <mask> continues to work in the national security area for clients in the intelligence community, federal agencies and the

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texts: <mask> (18501904), or Mee-nah-tsee-us in the Crow language, was one of six Crow Scouts for George Armstrong Custer's 7th Cavalry Regiment during the 1876 campaign against the Sioux and Northern Cheyenne. At the Battle of the Little Bighorn in the Crow Indian Reservation, <mask> went with Major Reno's detachment, and fought alongside the soldiers at the south end of the village. Of the six Crow scouts at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, <mask> stands out because he aggressively sought combat with multiple Sioux and Cheyenne warriors, and he was the only Crow Scout to be wounded in action, suffering severe wounds to his hand/wrist and leg/foot. After being disabled by his wounds, he was taken to Reno's hill entrenchments by Half Yellow Face, the pipe-bearer (leader) of the Crow scouts, which no doubt saved his life. On the 27th, after the battle, Half Yellow Face made a special horse travois for <mask> and moved him down the Little Horn valley to the Far West steamship, moored at the junction of the Bighorn River and the Little Horn, so he could get medical care from army physicians. <mask> was treated in a temporary Army hospital at the junction of the Bighorn and Yellowstone rivers. At the Crow encampments on Pryor Creek, other returning scouts reported that <mask> had died, but he survived his wounds.Following the Battle of the Little Bighorn, <mask> continued for five years (1876 to 1881) to serve as a scout with the U.S. Army, though he was disabled from wounds received in the battle, including a severely deformed right wrist and hand, and a wound in his foot/leg which caused him to limp. In

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texts: photographs, <mask> also had a scar on his forehead where he had been struck with a war club in a separate battle with a Sioux warrior. Either from this blow or from other sources, <mask> could not hear and thus was unable to speak in his later life. Eventually, he was awarded a small army pension. In <mask>'s later life, he lived at the Crow Agency, after it had been moved in 1884 to its present site in the Little Bighorn valley in Montana, close to the site of the battlefield. When he could no longer be an Army scout, <mask> began to produce drawings that represented key events in his life, including events of the Battle of the Little Bighorn. These drawings were bought by visitors to the Crow Agency and the nearby Custer Battlefield, providing <mask> with a welcome source of income.These drawings have now been discovered by collectors and their artistic value has been recognized. They have recently become the subject of collectors, exhibitions, books and university theses, and prints of his drawings are now commercially produced. While living at Crow Agency, <mask> was painted by the artist J.H. Sharp, who knew him and described him as "Jolly, good natured and a general favorite." <mask> was also photographed by Frank Rinehart, and by William A. Petzolt, producing photos included in this article. <mask>'s wife had died when he was only 23 before he became an army scout, and he did not remarry. He lived for a time with an aunt, "Strikes By The Side Of The Water" who was also the mother of Curly, another Crow scout, and he and Curly were known in the Crow Agency community as brothers, though their

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 personalities were said to be the opposite of each other.He died in 1904, leaving no direct descendants. He is buried in the National Cemetery at the Little Bighorn Battlefield at a location described below. Although his early death and his inability to hear and speak left him out of the limelight that later fell on the other surviving Crow scouts, his outstanding bravery during the battle and his artistic ability established an enduring legacy. Biography

Early life, names

<mask> was born in approximately 1851 though some sources state his birth date was in 1850 or 1852. He had been raised in the traditional manner of his tribe, and would have acquired warrior status in his early teens through deeds of bravery. <mask> married, but his wife died in 1873, before his enlistment as an army scout. He never remarried.In historical references <mask> Swan is also referred as "Strikes Enemy" and "<mask> Goose" or Mee-nah-te-hash in the Crow language. Army service as a Crow scout in the Great Sioux War of 1876

Background of the Great Sioux War

From 1870, the Crows had complained about hostile Lakotas encroaching from the east on Crow Indian reservation lands. The Crows requested that the U.S. Army take actions against these Sioux trespassers. From the point of view of the Crow Tribe, in 1876 finally something was going to be done. However the Great Sioux War of 1876 that engulfed the life of <mask> Swan, started because the U.S. Government also had its own larger agenda. Gold had been found in 1873 in the Black Hills on reservation lands granted the Sioux tribe by the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868). The

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texts: gold strike had been made public in 1874 and by 1875 a full scale gold rush was underway.Motivated by growing unemployment caused by the Panic of 1873 ever-increasing numbers of gold seekers poured the Black Hills, establishing mining centers and boom towns. Being on the Sioux Reservation, these towns and mines were completely outside the usual framework of laws and jurisdictions for U.S. Territories, which generated chaotic conditions resulting in, among other things, no reliable base of organized law enforcement owing to the absence of federal law jurisdiction, as well as no federal marshals, courts or judges. Another important factor was the economic impact of the panic of 1873 which had left workers unemployed and the dollar devalued by a return to a de facto gold standard, augmenting a national priority for continued and increasing production from gold mines in the Black Hills. The U.S. Government had tried unsuccessfully in 1875 to bring the Sioux living on the reservations to a conference to consider modifying the 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty by the U.S. repurchasing the Black Hills back from the tribe. However in Article XII of that treaty any modification of treaty lands required the agreement of 3/4 of the tribe's adult males, and there were large bands of "off-reservation" Sioux (including influential leaders Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, Crow King, Rain in the Face, Gall and many others) who did not reside on the reservations and who also did not want to cede the Black Hills back to federal control. These bands lived year round in their traditional migratory way on the huge hunting preserve in


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 the “unceded Indian Territory” in Wyoming, Nebraska and South Dakota given the Sioux by Article XVI of the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868) which included the vast area extending westward from the Black Hills across the entire Powder River Basin to the crest of the Big Horn Mountains.In the fall 1875, the U.S. Government gave up on fair or equitable methods and sent out messengers to each band with an impossible ultimatum — to leave their winter camps in the hunting preserve and immediately return to their agencies in the Dakota Territories by January 31, 1876. When this predictably did not occur, as deep winter restricted travel of migratory bands, in February of 1876 the Government directed army columns to converge from the south, east and west on these "off-reservation" Sioux bands in their remote encampments, with orders to bring them back to their agencies, by force if necessary. Enlistment with the 7th Infantry, early skirmishes
One such military column commanded by Col. John Gibbon was instructed to proceed from Ft. Ellis, near present day Bozeman, Montana and march eastward, down the Yellowstone River and take up a position in southern Montana Territory to block the "off reservation" Sioux from crossing north of the Yellowstone River. In furtherance of this mission, on April 9, 1876, Col. John Gibbon went with Lt. James Bradley to the Crow Indian Agency, which was then located on the Stillwater River Drainage in Montana, to recruit Indian scouts. In an embarrassing two-hour council the chiefs of the Mountain Crows expressed their reluctance to help the expedition. They pointed out that Indian


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 warriors traveled light and fast and struck quickly, whereas the soldiers marched slowly with wagons and thus never found the enemy. Fortunately for Gibbon, the young Crow braves did not follow the elders' advice, and sought adventure.On April 10, 1876 some twenty five Crows were enlisted for six months in the 7th Infantry by Lt. James Bradley, chief of scouts, including <mask> Swan and Half Yellow Face. On April 13, 1876, the Crow Scouts went with Gibbon's 7th Infantry force of 477 persons, as they marched down the north side of the Yellowstone, arriving opposite mouth of the Bighorn River on April 20. Gibbon then moved eastward again along the north bank of the Yellowstone to
a camp opposite the mouth Rosebud Creek. The Crow Scouts ranged across (south) south of the Yellowstone, and located the main Sioux village in the process of moving from Tongue River valley to the Rosebud valley in May 1876. In the course of this move, the Crow scouts skirmished with Sioux scouts. Meanwhile, General Alfred Terry's column was marching east from Fort Lincoln, in the Dakota territory, and Terry rendezvoused with Col. Gibbon's column opposite the mouth of Rosebud Creek on June 21, 1876. General Terry's command included the 7th Cavalry under General George A. Custer.Scouting activities with Custer's 7th Cavalry leading up to the Battle of the Little Bighorn

On June 21, <mask> was detached from the 7th Infantry to go with the 7th Cavalry, along with five other Crow Scouts who were Half Yellow Face (leader of the Crow Scouts), <mask> Man Runs Him, Goes Ahead, Hairy Moccasin, and Curley. The 7th Cavalry, under the

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texts: command of Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer was ordered by General Terry to follow the trail of the large encampment of "off-reservation" Sioux who lived nomadic lives off the Great Sioux Reservation in present South Dakota. This group was making an annual westward spring migration from their camp on the Powder River valley to the Tongue and then to the Rosebud Valley, and on to the Little Bighorn. Custer was ordered to locate the encampment of these "off-reservation" Sioux on the Rosebud Creek, or in the adjacent Little Bighorn Valley, around 20 miles (30 km) inside the eastern border of the Crow Indian reservation. The six Crow Scouts shared duties with 26 Arikara (Ree) Scouts, under a Chief of Scouts Lt Charles A. Varnum,. However, the Crow scouts knew the Rosebud country much better than the Arikara because this had been traditional Crow country for centuries. As far back as 1805 records indicated that fur trader Francois-Antoine Larocque had camped with a band of Crows in what was later determined to be Little Bighorn River.The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851 gave the Crows a large reservation running west from the Powder River that including the river drainages of the Tongue, the Rosebud, and the Little Bighorn river valleys. The repeated aggressive westward incursions of Sioux bands beyond the Powder River in the 1850s and 1860s led to another treaty, the later 1868 Crow Treaty of Fort Laramie, which established a new western boundary for the Sioux/Crow reservations at the 107 Meridian, which ran north-south and generally separated the Rosebud drainage on the east from the Little Bighorn (aka


texts: Greasy Grass) drainage on the west. This boundary area was a sort of no-man's land with both Sioux and Crows hunting on it, and warriors from both tribes crossing it to raid and steal horses from each other. The six Crow scouts joined Custer on June 21. "They are magnificent-looking men, so much handsomer and more Indian-like than any we have ever seen, and so jolly and sportive ... " wrote Custer to his wife, Elizabeth B. Custer. He also pointed out why it was important to get them connected to the U.S. Army, "I now have some Crow scouts with me, as they are familiar with the country." Charles A. Varnum spelled it out in his reminiscences, "These Crows were in their own country."Since this was their ancestral homeland, the Crow scouts were relied on to undertake important scouting assignments for Custer in the days after June 21 leading up to the Battle of the Little Bighorn on June 25. When Custer struck the trail of the "off-reservation" Sioux, the scouts' count of 400 to 450 lodges in the encampment confirmed army sources of an "off-reservation" nomadic group of about 800 warriors. This compared favorably to Custer's force of about 600 troopers. However this initial assessment on June 21 was made on encampments dating back to May 21, when the Sioux/Cheyenne crossed from the Tongue River to the Rosebud Valley. As the scouts followed this trail up the Rosebud, past Lame Deer Creek and then on to the divide with the Little Horn Valley, they found the older trail increasingly joined and overlaid by many newer trails. These newer trails were left by many other bands of Sioux/Cheyenne coming from the


texts: reservations to join the original "off-reservation" Sioux for their yearly summer gathering. Although it was not appreciated at the time, these late arriving bands of Sioux/Cheyenne swelled the encampment from 400 to about 960 lodges, able to field close to 2000 warriors.Custer's prior experience in pursuing other Indian bands indicated that an Indian group would scatter if they knew they were being pursued. Custer used the Crows to check these trails to rule out a dispersal of the encampment he was following. Custer tended to disregard the Crow scouts' intelligence that more and more Indians were gathering together. On the early morning of June 25, 1876, <mask> and other Crow Scouts ascended a high point on the divide between the Little Bighorn River and Rosebud Creek. From this lookout point (which later became known as the "Crow's Nest") the scouts saw very large horse herds on the western margins of the Little Bighorn Valley, some 15 air miles away. These large horse herds indicated an unexpectedly large Sioux/Cheyenne encampment. The encampment itself was out of sight on the valley floor.The Crow scouts questioned the wisdom of attacking such a large encampment. However, Custer was focused on his concern that his force had been detected that morning by Sioux scouts, and he feared that if he did not attack at once, the large encampment would break up into many smaller bands which would scatter in all directions, thus escaping and avoiding the decisive engagement the army hoped for. Custer accordingly made plans for an immediate attack, and as he proceeded down Reno Creek toward the Little Bighorn


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 Valley, he created four separate detachments, intended to prevent the encampment from scattering, and to strike the village from different directions. Reno with three troops would attack the south end of the village. Custer with five troops would attack the north end of the village, and Benteen with three troops would scout briefly to the south and then join the battle to assist the other detachments; Lt. McDougall's remaining troop would act as rear guard protecting the pack train. Wounded in action at the Battle of the Little Bighorn

As the Battle of the Little Bighorn unfolded, <mask> and the chief Crow Scout Half Yellow Face, along with Arikara scouts accompanied the detachment under Major Reno. The Indian scouts were told to stampede the horse herd on the western margins of the camp.Reno's detachment charged the south end of the village as ordered, but as warriors poured out to defend the village Reno ordered the troops to dismount and form a skirmish line. This outpouring of Sioux warriors frustrated the plan of the scouts to stampede the horse herd, and the scouts, including <mask> and Half Yellow Face began to fight alongside the cavalrymen. They were soon engaged in furious combat with swiftly increasing numbers of Sioux and Cheyenne warriors. At one time, <mask> was faced by six warriors. As more warriors swarmed out of the village, Reno's detachment pulled back into a patch of nearby timber along the river. After taking more losses in the timber, Reno ordered a retreat out of the timber and across the river and up onto the bluffs on the east side of the valley. By the time Reno had

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texts: ordered the retreat across the river, <mask> had suffered severe bullet wounds in the right hand or wrist and in the foot, knee or leg (reports differ), and also could not hear, either from being hit on the head with a war club or because a rifle was fired close to his ear (reports differ).The soldiers' retreat from the timber disintegrated into a rout, and the Sioux closed in on the now disorganized mass of retreating troopers, killing the stragglers and the disabled. Back in the timber, Half Yellow Face got the wounded <mask> on a horse and shielded by the timber, waited until the mass of Sioux warriors had turned their attention to Custer's column, now approaching the north end of the village, after which Yellow Face led the horse across the river and up the bluffs to the location where the Reno detachment was digging in, and where they were later reinforced by the other detachments under Captain Benteen and Lieutenant McDougall. This action by Half Yellow Face probably saved <mask>'s life. Troopers with Reno later recounted how <mask>, though wounded, wanted to continue fighting, and disabled though he was, tried to crawl back to the firing lines. After Reno's men fled across the river, the now thoroughly aroused and mobilized Sioux and Cheyenne drew back, and then launched a fresh attack to the north on Custer's separate detachment of five companies (about 210 men) who were now firing into the north end of the village. At this point the Sioux outnumbered Custer's men by about 8 to 1. Custer's detachment was first driven back to a low ridge east of the valley, and then overwhelmed and killed to

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 the last man.This intense engagement lasted about an hour during the afternoon of June 25, 1876, after which the warriors returned to press the attack on Reno's entrenched position on the bluffs. The next day, June 26, the Sioux continued the attack on the beleaguered Reno contingent, where <mask> lay in the section for the wounded. However, Sioux scouts reported the approach from the north of the large army column under Generals Terry and Gibbon. In the late afternoon and evening, the Sioux and Cheyenne ended their siege of Reno and Benteen and hastily broke camp and withdrew south, up the Little Bighorn Valley. Medical care following the battle, disability

The next day, June 27, 1876, Half Yellow Face made a horse travois designed to carry the wounded <mask> in a sitting position, and used this to carry him about 12 miles from the battle site to the steamer Far West on the Bighorn River so <mask> could get more medical care. <mask> was carried on the Far West about 40 to 50 river miles down the Bighorn to the Yellowstone, where he was left in a temporary hospital facility with some of the less seriously wounded soldiers. Almost immediately after the battle, the three scouts White Man Runs Him, Goes Ahead and Hairy Moccasin left for the main Crow encampment which was "two sleeps" away on the mouth of Pryor Creek, and Gibbon's other Crow scouts went with them.At the village they reported that both <mask> and Half Yellow Face had been killed. Curly and Half Yellow Face had not gone with the other scouts to the Crow Village, and had returned with Gibbon to the mouth of the Big Horn where <mask> was

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 in the temporary army hospital. On July 4, Col. Gibbon gave Curly and Half Yellow Face leave, but kept <mask> in the hospital so that he could continue to get medical treatment and recover. <mask> was sufficiently badly wounded that his recovery was delayed. When he finally returned to his relatives and friends at the Crow village, they said it was like having the dead return. Records show that <mask> was discharged from Army scout duty in September 1876, but reenlisted in the Army for scouting activities in November 1877, through it is unlikely his wounds were healed by this time. He continued a recovery from his wounds, but suffered disabilities from them for the rest of his life.Later life, after the Battle of the Little Bighorn

Although disabled, <mask> managed to remain an Army scout for much of the remaining five years (1876-1881) following the Battle of the Little Bighorn. When the Crow Reservation was further limited in size, the Agency was moved in 1884 from the site of present-day Absorakee, Montana on the Stillwater River to its present location at present-day Crow Agency in the Little Bighorn Valley, very close to the site of the battle. <mask> also moved to the new agency site. <mask> continued to be limited by his battle wounds. <mask> had lost the lower half of his right hand, and he had a right wrist that was permanently deformed to bend sharply inward. (See photo above taken from the right side, showing injured wrist). He also limped from the bullet wound in his leg and/or foot.He was deaf and dumb, reportedly from a blow to his forehead by a war club in a battle with a Sioux


texts: warrior, probably at a time different than the Little Bighorn Battle. J.H. Sharp, the noted western painter, came to know <mask> while he was living at Crow Agency, Montana and painting the Crow people. Sharp painted <mask>. He made this note to accompany the painting. Reno's scout in Custer battle, wounded many times, picked up in battlefield two days later -- deaf and dumb from stroke of war club in forehead. A good artist in Indian picture-writing.Jolly, good natured and a general favorite. A full brother, and direct opposite in character of 'Curley', Custer's scout." Although <mask> was quite limited in speech, probably owing to his deafness, he could still communicate by using the sign language of the Plains Indians. Statements from <mask>'s army pension file indicate that his wife had died in 1873, before he enlisted as an Army scout, and he never remarried. The 1885 Census recorded him as living with a widowed aunt named "Strikes By The Side Of The Water". This aunt was the mother of Curley, another Crow Scout, which would make <mask> and Curley cousins, though the artist, J.H. Sharp knew <mask> as the brother of Curley.In 1894 <mask> was crippled and unable to hear or speak. In 1897 he applied for and received a pension of $17.00 a month for his military services. The 1900 census lists <mask> as "widowed" and the only member of his household. <mask>'s only other relative was Sage Woman, a half sister on his father's side, which meant she was from another Crow tribal clan than <mask>, since clan relations are passed down through mothers. These facts indicate that <mask> lived in a more

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 isolated fashion than he would have otherwise done, had he had a larger base of Crow relatives, either by blood or by clan. He died leaving no direct descendants and there were no indication of adoptive children, further indicating a limited group of close Crow relatives, by blood or clan, unusual in the Crow culture. Artistic abilities

<mask> was known for his artistic abilities.While living at the Crow Agency in the Little Bighorn valley, he made drawings to illustrate key events in his life, including his role in the Battle of the Little Bighorn. At least fifteen drawings have been attributed to <mask>, and others remain to be discovered. Though not signed, his drawings can be identified by the many scenes they share, and by similarities in style with the few for which his authorship is definitely known. In addition to his separate drawings, sources indicate that <mask>, though disabled, created drawings and paintings on pages from accounting ledgers to depict his role in the famous battle. <mask> also drew and painted on larger sheets of muslin canvas, showing multiple deeds from his life. In <mask>'s later recollection of the Battle of the Little Big Horn, before the battle started he watched the Lakota camp through a handheld telescope with his warhorse standing close by - this recollection would later become a favorite scene of the artist <mask> to illustrate his role in the battle. Over the years since <mask> died, his artistic abilities have been recognized and his drawings have been collected.<mask> has emerged in Crow history as a talented artist. <mask> would have needed income after he

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texts: had ceased to be an army scout and living at Crow Agency, just a few miles from the site of the famous battle, he found a ready market for this art. The famous battlefield drew visitors, and to a lesser extent so did the Crow Agency. These visitors included military men, government employees and other persons interested in the history of the famous battle, or simply interested in the Crow culture. Though <mask> could not serve as a guide or interpreter for visitors of the battle field as the other scouts did, owing to his speech impediment, his art allowed him to provide something unique to visitors who wanted to return home with an illustration that genuinely represented their encounter with Indians of the West. <mask>'s art showing his war deeds ideally captured the essence of the Indian warrior tradition based on heroic acts. In addition to his drawings, <mask>'s craftsmanship is shown in his personal items, and particularly his tomahawk, pictured (a) in the photo above (which may be enlarged) and (b) further shown and described at this footnoted web source.A tomahawk in the Northern Plains warrior culture could evolve from being a weapon to an item carried primarily to count coup, which transformed the item into one possessing spiritual significance. Adornments to <mask>'s tomahawk (see item pictured in footnoted source, or in the photo above), probably indicated brave war deeds, and/or instructions of critical spiritual import, received through visions or through the intervention of a spiritual leader/mentor (a "medicine man"). When living at Crow Agency on the Little Bighorn river, <mask> had a

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 tepee which had drawings around the lower portion that depicted the Custer battle. A picture of the tepee is at the footnoted citation. In his later life, <mask> was photographed by Frank Rinehart, and by William A. Petzolt. See photos provided above. <mask>'s tomahawk and his drawings remain today as a legacy of his time.<mask>'s art is now drawing increasing attention from collectors, and they have been the subject of exhibits, and the subject of University thesis. and collections. Some of <mask>'s works were collected as part of the Paul Dyck collection of Plains Indians art and artifacts, and are now part of the collection at the Buffalo Bill Historical Center in Cody, Wyoming. Death and burial

<mask> died on August 12, 1904, at the age of 53 or 54. Having never remarried after the death of his wife when he was 23, <mask> left no direct descendants to carry on his name or his legacy. <mask> was buried at the Little Bighorn National Cemetery in the section set apart for veterans. See the photos which indicate his grave marker and his grave site.Places or things named after <mask>
The White Swan Memorial Library at the Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument also houses the office of the park historian, and is located in the historic stone house (the original superintendent's headquarters). According to the National Park Service, this facility contains the finest collection of research materials available on the battle of the Little Bighorn, as well as other related historical events. Visits to the library and to the park historian are by appointment. See also
 Half Yellow Face
 White Man


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 Runs Him
 Hairy Moccasin
 Goes Ahead
 Curley
 George Armstrong Custer
 Marcus A. Reno
 Battle of Little Bighorn
 Great Sioux War of 1876
 Crow Nation

References

External links
 Description of <mask> Swan's Tomahawk, containing facts about <mask> Swan. Collection of the National Museum of the American Indian
 Crow Scouts at the Little Big Horn
 White Swan -- Crow Has photos of <mask> in 1899, and also paintings of <mask> by Joseph Henry Sharp, and Elbridge Ayer Burbank. Father Lindesmith's Collection  Includes photos of drawings by <mask> on Muslin, and comments on <mask>'s life. 1850 births
1904 deaths
Crow tribe
People of the Great Sioux War of 1876
Native American United States military personnel
United States Army Indian Scouts
People of pre-statehood Montana
Burials in Montana
Battle of the Little Bighorn
People from Crow Agency,

masks:
White
White
White Swan
White Swan
White Swan
White Swan


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<mask> (23 August 1872 – 20 May 1957) was an Indian politician and freedom fighter, chief minister of the Madras Presidency, and subsequently became the first chief minister of the new Andhra state, created by the partition of Madras State along linguistic lines. He was also known as Andhra Kesari (Lion of Andhra). The Andhra Pradesh government issued G.O RT-2500 on 10 August 2014 declaring his birth anniversary a state festival. Andhra Kesari 9 feet Statue in Parliament houses, Statue was Unveiled by Kocheril Raman Narayanan, Presidents of India on 5 May 2000. Andhra Kesari was the first Biopic movie on a Chief Minister, which was directed by Vijayachander. It was released on 1 November 1983, on the Andhra Pradesh Formation day. Early life
<mask>m was born into a Telugu speaking Niyogi Brahmin family of Subbamma and Gopalakrishnayya in the village of Vinodarayunipalem,  from Ongole in Madras presidency (now Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh).When he was 11, his father died and his mother had to run a boarding house at Ongole, a profession that was looked down upon at the time. When E. Hanumantha Rao Naidu, his teacher at school, moved to Rajamahendravaram, he took Prakasam along with him as that place had better opportunities for education. He acted in Gayopakhyanam by Chilakamarti Lakshmi Narasimham in 1890 along with his teacher. He was interested in becoming a lawyer since childhood, but Prakasam failed his matriculation examination. However, he managed to go to Madras and become a second-grade pleader. Returning to Rajamahendravaram, he eventually became a successful lawyer. He was elected as Municipal Chairman of Rajamahendravaram in 1904 when he was 31 years old.This election was a tough one at that point in time. He was funded for his education by zamindar Kanchumarthi Ramachandra Rao, who was at that time being guarded by raja Vogeti Ramakrishnayya garu, a wealthy landlord and a municipal councilor for a long time and honorary magistrate at Rajamahendravaram whose hierarchy was taken by Ramachandra rao. Prakasam was given utmost support by Ramachandra rao

masks:
Tanguturi Prakasam Pantulu
Tanguturi Prakasa


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 even though they are in opposite sides of politics. In England

During one of his professional visits to Madras on a court case, a barrister was impressed with his legal acumen and suggested that he become a barrister. As a second-grade pleader, Prakasam could not argue cases at higher courts as only barristers were allowed to do so. Prakasam took the idea to his heart and decided to go to England to pursue legal studies. It was considered a sacrilege to cross the seas during those days.However, as Mahatma Gandhi had done before him, Prakasam made a promise to his mother that he would abstain from eating non-vegetarian food, smoking and drinking. He reached England in 1904. In England, he joined the Royal India Society and worked for the election of Dadabhai Naoroji to the House of Commons. In the service of public

After completing the barrister course with a certificate of honour in London, Prakasam relocated to Madras high court. He was one of the only Telugu barristers to be successful; until then, most of the successful lawyers were either European or Tamil. He dealt with both civil and criminal cases. Of the latter, one of the important cases was the Ashe murder case.Ashe was the Collector of Tirunelveli and was shot dead in 1907 by Vanchinathan. This was at a time when Bipin Chandra Pal, the nationalist leader from Bengal, was touring the region, making fiery speeches on nationalism. <mask> defended one of the accused and ensured that he got away with a light sentence. <mask> also edited Law Times, a legal magazine. The same year he presided over Bipin Chandra Pal's lecture at Madras when others were afraid to come forward, given that the government of the day considered Pal's speeches to border on sedition. He started attending the Congress Party sessions regularly after the Lucknow Pact and signed the Satyagraha pledge in October 1921. He gave up his lucrative law practice.He also started and was the working editor of a newspaper Swarajya (literally self-rule). The paper was published simultaneously in English, Telugu and Tamil. <mask> ran a national

masks: Prakasam Prakasam Prakasam


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 school and a khādī production centre. He was elected the general secretary of the Congress Party in December 1921 at the Ahmedabad session. Whenever there was unrest or strife such as a riot, he tried to be there so as to comfort people. He visited Punjab during Akali Satyagraha and the Hindu-Muslim riots in Multan. He toured Kerala during the Moplah rebellion despite a ban on visitors from outside the area and had his property at Ooty attached by the government as a consequence.In 1922, during the non-cooperation movement, he organised a demonstration by 30,000 Congress volunteers at Guntur. In 1926, he was elected to the Central Legislative Assembly on a Congress Party ticket. Andhra Kesari appellation and struggle for independence

When the Simon Commission visited India, public decided to boycott it with the slogan "Simon, go back". There were a host of reasons for this boycott, the most important being that the commission did not have a single Indian in its ranks. The commission was greeted with demonstration of black flags wherever it went. When the commission visited Madras on 3 February 1928, <mask> Pantulu gave the slogan "Go back Simon Commission".The English soldiers warned the demonstrators headed by Prakasam. They threatened to shoot if they (the demonstrators) moved an inch forward.<mask> Pantulu baring his breast came forward. This made the British soldiers dumb struck. This exemplary courage earned him the title "Andhra Kesari". After this incident, he was known respectfully as "Andhra Kesari" (the Lion of Andhra). In 1930, when the Congress party wanted all the legislators to resign, he did so but was not convinced about its alternative programme and hence contested and won the by-election. He joined the Congress Party led by Madan Mohan Malaviya but resigned from it as well and persuaded others to do so after Mahatma Gandhi and the Congress Party broke the salt tax law with the Dandi March. <mask> also resigned as a legislator and was at the forefront in breaking the tax law at Madras.In the meantime, he had to suspend the publication of


texts:
 Swarajya due to the high deposit demanded by the government. It was revived after the Gandhi–Irwin Pact of 1931 but it had to be suspended again due to cash flow problems. Unsuccessful attempts were made to restart it again in 1935. In 1937, Congress Party contested the provincial elections and achieved majority in Madras province, among others. Though <mask> was in the running for Prime Minister's post, he made way for Rajaji, who returned to active politics as per the wishes of the Congress Working Committee. <mask> became the revenue minister – his major contribution was the founding and chairing of the Zamindari Enquiry Committee which looked at the structural distortions in agriculture perpetrated due to the Zamindari system followed by the British Government. With the onset of World War II, the Congress ministries resigned from office as they were not consulted by the government about India's participation.<mask> was the first prominent leader from South India to offer individual satyagraha against the war effort in 1941. <mask> was arrested and jailed for more than three years for participating in the Quit India movement of 1942. After his release in 1945, he toured South India to get back in touch with the masses. Prime Minister of Madras Presidency

In 1946, after the Congress' victory in elections in Madras Presidency, <mask> became the Prime minister on 30 April 1946, as he and Kamaraj, a Tamil leader, were against Rajaji – the choice of leaders such as Gandhi and Nehru – becoming the Prime minister. However, the government lasted for only 11 months, as it was felt that Prakasam was not accommodating enough to various interests and corruption charges. As Prakasam went against his interest, Mahatma Gandhi faulted Prakasam for accepting gifts and using party funds, ordered <mask> to resign from congress party. During his tenure as Premier, <mask> publicly declared his intention to scrap all existing textile industries in the province and replace them with khadi manufacturing and weaving units.In February 1947, Communists broke into a full-scale revolt.

masks: Prakasam Prakasam Prakasam Prakasam Prakasam Prakasam Prakasam


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 On Vallabhbhai Patel's advice, Prakasam responded with widespread arrests and tough crackdown on arsonists. Post-independence

Prakasam visited Hyderabad State in 1948, while the Nizam was still in power, although Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru warned against doing so because of concern for his personal safety. He met Qasim Rizvi, the leader of the Razakars, and warned him about "pushing his luck too far".. In 1952, he formed the Hyderabad State Praja Party (Hyderabad State People's party) and ensured that all the sitting ministers of the Congress Party were defeated. However, Praja party could not come into power by its own and the coalition that he put together collapsed even before a show of strength could be contemplated. Meanwhile, in December 1952, Potti Sreeramulu died fasting for the cause of a separate state for the Telugu-speaking people.On 1 October 1953, the state of Andhra was created and <mask> was unanimous choice for Chief minister of the new state. He was not only the party's choice, but the people's choice too. However, due to corruption charges and opposition from the communists and halting support from the socialists, the government fell after a year. Mid-term elections were held in 1955 by which time <mask> had more or less retired from active politics. On 1 November 1956, Telugu-speaking parts of the erstwhile Hyderabad State were merged with Andhra State to form Andhra Pradesh. Marathi-speaking parts (Aurangabad region) of the Hyderabad state were merged with Bombay State (which later split into Gujarat and Maharashtra) and Kannada-speaking parts (Gulbarga region) were merged with Mysore State. Neelam Sanjiva Reddy, a future President of India and a staunch follower of Prakasam, became the chief minister.Prakasam was active in touring the state promoting harijan issues (dalit issues). On one such visit to a harijanwada near Ongole, he suffered from severe sunstroke. He was admitted to a Hyderabad hospital and died there on 20 May 1957. Institutions named after Prakasam

 Sri Tanguturi Prakasam Memorial Institute of Advance Studies in

masks: Prakasam Prakasam


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 Education, Nellore, SPSR Nellore Dt, Andhra Pradesh. [STPM IASE]
 Sri Prakasam Government Junior College & High School (1974) – Addanki, Prakasam district
Andhra Kesari Centenary Junior College Degree College – Rajamahendravaram
 Prakasam Engineering College – Kandukur, Prakasam district
 Sri Tanguturi Prakasam Pantulu Government Junior College – Yanam, Yanam district (near East Godavari district)
 Andhra Kesari Yuvajana Samiti – a socio-cultural organisation, est. 1962
Andhra Kesari Prakasam Junior College – Chirala, Prakasam district
 Prakasam Public School – Inkollu, Prakasam district
 Andhra Kesari Vidya Kendram Junior College – Ongole, Prakasam district
 Sri Prakasam Vidya Niketan High School, 6-3-609/150/1 – Anand Nagar Colony, Hyderabad district
 Andhra Kesari Tanguturi Prakasam Pantulu Government High School (AKTP High School) – Satyanarayana Puram, Vijayawada
 Prakasam Nagar Begumpet Telangana
 Prakash Nagar (Prakasam Nagar previously), Rajamahendravaram
 Tanguturi Prakasam Pantulu Airport, Rajamahendravaram
 Prakasam centenary Memorial High school, Rajamahendravaram,
 Andhra Kesari Nagar(A.K.Nagar), SPSR Nellore District,
 Nrithya Prakasha Varshini (Bangalore)-Dance school started by Prakasam Grand daughter Shyamala Muralikrishna

Autobiography

Prakasam's autobiography is titled Naa Jeevitha Yatra (My Life's Journey) and published by Telugu Samithi. This book has four parts – the first two are about his early life and his involvement in freedom fighting in India, the third is about getting independence and government formation in Andhra Pradesh, and the last (written by Tenneti Viswanadham) discusses his political career and the changes he brought to Andhra.Emesco published them as a single hard cover edition in 1972. References

Telugu people
1872 births
1957 deaths
People from Prakasam district
Indian tax resisters
Tamil Nadu ministers
Members of Central Legislative Assembly of India
Indian independence activists from Andhra Pradesh
Chief ministers from Indian National Congress
Indian National Congress politicians from Andhra Pradesh
Chief ministers


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<mask> (12 August 1928 – 22 December 2019) was a German architect, planner and furniture designer. He was known chiefly for his significant role in shaping Germany's post-World War II built environment – particularly that of the former East Germany (GDR) – through his major contributions to the designs of the country's ubiquitous, iconic and often standardized housing blocks – the so-called Plattenbau – as well as a similarly ubiquitous and standardized single-family house design known as the EW58. He was affiliated with the GDR's Bauakademie from 1959 to 1973 and served as planner for the town of Bernau bei Berlin from 1974 to 1984. Life and Works
Stallknecht was born in Geringswalde, Germany in August 1928. In 1932, Stallknecht's father bought a vacant factory in Geringswalde in which he began producing clocks and tables. His mother was an accountant. At the factory he entered a carpentry apprenticeship which was interrupted in 1944 upon his conscription into an anti-aircraft auxiliary.After the war, the family factory was expropriated, becoming a state-owned enterprise, the Geringswalde Table Factory, and there the son completed his apprenticeship. After a compulsory work detail in 1949 at a uranium ore mine of the Soviet-German Bismuth Corporation (SDAG Wismut), Stallknecht entered the Fachschule für angewandte Kunst in Erfurt (College of Applied Art) where he studied interior design and obtained a cabinetmaking diploma, graduating in 1951
The following year he joined the Project Planning Berlin state-owned enterprise and participated in the design of interiors for prestigious East German buildings such as the


texts: Wilhelm Pieck High School at the Bogensee. Joining the newly founded Design Institute (Institut für Entwurf, later Zentralinstitut für Typung) a year later, he witnessed the genesis of the GDR's standardized housing structures, which would go on to be a major influence on his career. Around this time he became interested in architecture proper and in 1954 designed a standardized series of private homes which he later described as "a blow to increasing standardization", as a number of different houses could be built based on it. They were not mass-produced, however, due to the diversity of floor plans and window sizes. A commission for a series of houses resulted in the design known as the EW58, which went on to become widely popular, with about 500,000 being built in the GDR beginning in 1958. The house was relatively affordable, often constructed by the owners with the help of neighbors, and has an important role in the material form of the country's postwar peri-urban and rural life.The EW58's simple design was frequently modified by its owners in an ad-hoc fashion with individualized elements such as enlargements, finished basements, and balconies. By 1959 Stallknecht was a researcher for the architect Hermann Henselmann at the Bauakademie, focusing on "industrial" building for providing rapid access to new housing for large numbers of people. Together with the architects Achim Felz and Herbert Kuschy he developed the "P2" panel building system. The standardized apartment blocks based on this design provided clean new housing on an unprecedented scale for millions whose homes had been damaged or destroyed in the


texts: war. For the first prototype building, in Berlin's Fennpfuhl district, he designed an open pass-through between kitchen and living-dining area, an influential innovation that came to be a defining feature of countless apartments of the era. The prototype building has been under historic preservation protection since the 1980s. His involvement with the P2 continued through the course of his affiliations with a number of institutes at the Bauakademie.It was Stallknecht's idea to add curves to the P2 type, first realized at Berlin's Lenin Square (now United Nations Plaza) in a housing development commonly referred to as the Wohnschlange (housing-snake). Later he and Felz developed a P3 type, and the Plattenbau 69 study from around the same time later became the basis for the widely built WBS 70 building series. At the Berlin-Weißensee Art College he undertook postgraduate studies, writing a thesis, "Residential Building Requirements of Advanced Socialist Society in the GDR", and in 1978 completing a doctoral dissertation, "Plattenbau Construction Concepts for the Transformation of Inner-City Residential Areas". In addition to lecturing at the Hochschule für Architektur und Bauwesen Weimar he completed his habilitation with the dissertation "Flexible Space in Industrial Housing in the GDR". In 1974 Stallknecht became director of planning for the town of Bernau, ten kilometers north of Berlin. His projects included the Cafe am Pulverturm, the Steintor tavern, and most notably, prefabricated handicapped-accessible housing. Stallknecht's carpentry training served as preparation for his work on interiors and furnishings


texts:
 design, such as his 1968 design for the "Selio" convertible armchair-ottoman-daybed, although as of 2013 it had not found a manufacturer.Stallknecht remained active after the 1990 German unification, participating in symposia, serving as consultant for the town of Bernau, and planning and building a passive-solar house. He submitted more than 20 patents – as late as 2013 – including one for a "slide-tipping" construction method (Gleit-Kipp-Verfahren) for erecting residential buildings in a horizontal position and then raising them upright. Similar methods can be applied to chimney construction, resulting in economies and cost savings. In 2013, it was noted that Stallknecht worked on retrofitting solar cells to balconies and facade elements for a public housing society in Dresden. Small wind turbines for housing complex roofs were also under consideration. Stallknecht lived with his family in the Fennpfuhl district of Berlin in a prefabricated housing complex. He died in December 2019 at the age of 91.Bibliography

 Engler, Harald (2014). <mask> <mask> und das industrielle Bauen: Ein Architektenleben in der DDR. Berlin: Lukas Verlag. Entwerfen im System. Der Architekt Wilfried Stallknecht. Ausstellungskatalog, 2009 (Online; PDF; 57,1 MB)
 Wagner, Volker (2010). Stallknecht, <mask>.In: Wer war wer in der DDR? 5. Ausgabe. Band 2 Berlin: Ch. Links Verlag. . External links
 Interview with <mask> Stallknecht (Video, 7:25 Min.) Interview with <mask> Stallknecht

References

1928 births
2019 deaths
20th-century German architects
Buildings and structures in East Germany
Housing estates in Germany
Luftwaffenhelfer
Modernist

masks: Wilfried Stallknecht Wilfried Wilfried Wilfried


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<mask> (born March 20, 1974) is an American singer, songwriter and record producer from Seattle, Washington. Career
His career in music began in high school with a group called BellBangVilla. BellBangVilla became Poor Old Lu and they released a number of albums (see below). <mask> also sang and played lead guitar in Rose Blossom Punch, and has produced albums independently. On his solo releases, he plays almost all instruments except drums, and his wife Karina occasionally writes lyrics. He was hired as producer for Tooth & Nail Records in 2001, and works out of Compound Recording Studios in Seattle, Washington. In 2005, <mask> formed the band Fair with Joey Sanchez, Nick Barber, and Erick Newbill.Fair released its debut album The Best Worst-Case Scenario on Tooth & Nail Records in June 2006. He is the brother of drummer Jesse Sprinkle. Jesse played with <mask> in Poor Old Lu, and was also an early member of Demon Hunter, on whose albums <mask> has produced the majority. Discography

With Poor Old Lu (1990–2002)
 In Love with the Greenery (As BellBangVilla) (1990)
 Three Song Demo (Cassette only) (1991)
 Star-Studded-Super-Step (1992, 1995 & 1998)
 Mindsize (1993)
 Split 7″ with Mortal (1993)
 Sin (1994)
 Straight Six (1995)
 A Picture of the Eighth Wonder (1996)
 In Their Final Performance (1998)
 Chrono [1993-1998] (1998)
 The Waiting Room (2002)

With Rose Blossom Punch (1997–1999)
 Ephemere (1997)
 So Sorry to Disappoint You (1999)
 Par Avion 7″ vinyl

Solo (1999–present)
 Moontraveler (1999)
 The Kindest Days (2000)
 Really Something EP (2001)
 Bareface (2001)
 Live: The Boy Who Stopped the World (2003)
 Lackluster - Best Of (2004)
 Water &

masks:
Aaron Sprinkle
Aaron Sprinkle
Sprinkle
Aaron
Aaron


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 Guns (2013)
 Real Life (2017)
 Escaping Light (2018)
 Instrumentals, Vol. 1: Alexandria (2018)
 Instrumentals, Vol. 2: Unravel (2019)
 Instrumentals, Vol. 3: North Coast (2019)

With Fair (2006–present)
 The Best Worst-Case Scenario (2006)
 "Carelessness" (CD single) (2006)
 Disappearing World (2010)

With Blank Books (2017–present)
 EP1 (2017)

Contributions

Solo
 "A Christmas Song for All Year Round" (from Happy Christmas Volume 3 – 2001, Tooth & Nail Records)
 "I Know There's an Answer (Hang On to Your Ego)" (from Making God Smile: An Artists' Tribute to the Songs of Beach Boy Brian Wilson – 2002, Silent Planet Records)

With Rose Blossom Punch
 "Sowing in the Sun" (from Artcore Vol.I – 1996, Tooth & Nail Records)
 "Based on a True Story (Demo)" (from Music for Meals: Take Time to Listen Vol. III – 1997, SaraBellum Records)
 "See It in Me" (from Artcore Vol. II – Tooth & Nail Records)

Album credits
<mask> has production, engineering, or other credits on albums by the following bands:

 <mask>
 Producer, engineering, co-writer, and additional instruments and vocals on Anthem Song
 Acceptance
 Producer on Black Lines to Battlefields, Phantoms, and Colliding By Design
 Adie
 Producer on Don't Wait
 The Almost
 Producer and additional vocals on Southern Weather
 Producer on Monster Monster
 Anberlin
 Producer, engineering, and mixing on Blueprints for the Black Market
 Producer and engineering on Never Take Friendship Personal
 Producer on Godspeed EP and Cities
 Producer and engineering on Vital
 Vocal production and engineering on Lowborn
 Beth Orton
 Blenderhead
 Producer on Prime Candidate for Burnout
 Brooke Barrettsmith
 Producer on Brooke

masks:
Aaron
Aaron Gillespie


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 Barrettsmith
 Bugs in Amber
 Mixing and instruments on Rocketship Letters
 Capital Lights
 Producer of This Is an Outrage! Calibretto 13
 Producer on Adventures in Tokyo
 Copeland
 Co-producer of You Are My Sunshine
 Damien Jurado
 Mixer on I Break Chairs
 Dead Poetic
 Producer of New Medicines, Vices and The Finest
 Demon Hunter
 Producer on all albums (except Live in Nashville and 45 Days)
 Co-producer, programming, and keyboards on Storm the Gates of Hell
 Co-producer on Extremist
 Keyboards on The Triptych''''
 Disciple
 Producer on Long Live the Rebels Dolour
 Co-producer of Suburbiac Eisley
 Co-producer of Marvelous Things E.P. and Room Noises Emery
 Producer on The Question and ...In Shallow Seas We Sail Additional vocals for ...In Shallow Seas We Sail Additional instruments and vocals on We Do What We Want Every Avenue
 Producer on Bad Habits Falling Up
 Producer on Crashings Co-writer and producer on Captiva FM Static
 Producer of What Are You Waiting For? Co-producer of Dear Diary and My Brain Says Stop, But My Heart Says Go! Work.Death The Divorce
 Engineering on The Divorce EP Thousand Foot Krutch
 Producer of the Phenomenon, Welcome to the Masquerade, The End Is Where We Begin, Oxygen: Inhale, and Exhale
 Wes Dando
 Producer and co-engineer on The Tired Hours
 Zao
 Co-producer on Legendary

References

External links

 Poor Old Lu
 Fair
 Interview @ Christianity Today from early 2004
 <mask> on Pure Volume

1974 births
Living people
American male singer-songwriters
Record producers from Washington (state)
American performers of Christian music
Tooth & Nail Records artists
Musicians from Seattle
Singer-songwriters from Washington


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<mask> (also known as <mask> born 14 Nov 1968) is a serial entrepreneur best known for introducing the business of medical tourism as the founder of the world's first medical tourism company, PlanetHospital. He is also known for producing Snowboard Academy

Early life
<mask> was born on 14 Nov 1968 in Chiswick, UK. Prior to PlanetHospital, <mask>'s serial entrepreneur skills started at the age of 17 when he sold his first software business to a company that was eventually acquired by Corel Corp. just shortly after graduating high school. After a year at University of Calgary, another year at Simon Fraser and then at the University of Kwaazulu Natal, South Africa, <mask> returned to Canada to pursue his love of film. <mask> spent three years at various film distribution companies before finally starting his own production company, Millennium Multimedia. Millennium was responsible for several video games including PRIMORTALS and Boardlords, the first computer game about snowboarding. In 1996 <mask> produced Snowboard Academy for Colombia Tri-Star Entertainment, as well as She's Too Tall For Me.In 1996, <mask>'s company Millennium Multimedia was mistaken for a company involved in Y2K initiatives and he seized upon the opportunity to create a software that would scan a PC's bios for Y2K compatibility. The company was taken public in 1997 under the name Planet City Software, trading symbol PINC. In 1998, <mask> created an online ecommerce software tool the ecommkit before exiting PINC to join American Apparel as its first CTO. While at American Apparel, <mask> created a call center named ContactStation in Thailand, followed by partnering with Stewart Title, to introduce title insurance to India. Contact Station was sold to Loxley Inc and the title insurance endeavour fizzled out but on a trip back from India, when his wife became sick and was taken to a hospital in Bangkok, <mask> realized that there was potential in sending foreigners to Thailand for medical treatment and the medical tourism company Planethospital was born. Filmography
After spending three years in film distribution, <mask> started his own company called Millennium Multimedia Inc in 1995 to create content for television, internet, cd-rom

masks:
Rudy Rupak
Rudy Rupak Acharya
Rudy
Rudy
Rudy
Rudy
Rudy Rupak
Rudy
Rudy
Rudy
Rudy
Rudy


texts:
 and motion picture. Shortly thereafter, <mask> managed to get the interest of Columbia TriStar Home Video to co-finance Snowboard Academy which was a modest success on home video and HBO and continues to play on cable.<mask>'s next movie was The Final Goal, for which he took a special thanks to credit, and the She's Too Tall For Me, for MGM Home Entertainment (now a division of Sony). After the failure of trying to make another Snowboarding movie called Boardlords, <mask> returned to the software world but plans to return to motion pictures again. PlanetHospital
PlanetHospital was the world's first medical tourism company which <mask> started organically from his home while he was still CTO of American Apparel. The company grew organically from 2002 to 2005 and gradually accelerated its growth as the company was mentioned in several hundred media stories including Nightline, CNN, and Time Magazine. While PlanetHospital was germinating, <mask> was hired by an Indian video game production company, FxLabs, to lead the charge in animation and video game development. <mask> brokered a deal between FxLabs to create the ARCHIES videogame. In 2006, PlanetHospital became the first company to send a patient from the US to India for surrogacy.In late 2006 PlanetHospital sent the first gay patient to India for surrogacy and within two years surrogacy became a $100 million plus enterprise throughout the globe. In 2009, <mask> attempted to create an insurance product based on Medical Tourism, called DIASPORA, but the concept was deemed illegal by the California Department of Insurance and <mask> was forced to give up more shares to his investors who ultimately decided to take PlanetHospital public through a reverse merger with GlobalHealth Voyager (GLHV)(OTCBB: GLHV). GlobalHealth's board ordered PlanetHospital to focus on surrogacy only and forgo marketing other aspects of medical tourism, as aspect that <mask> was not too happy with, forcing <mask> to fight a long battle to get PlanetHospital back. Surrogacy controversy
<mask> was the first person to send a foreign patient to India for surrogacy. It was a huge risk for all parties but it was successful. In 2007 <mask> sent around 25 couples to India for

masks:
Rudy
Rudy
Rudy
Rudy
Rudy
Rudy
Rudy Rupak
Rudy
Rudy
Rudy
Rudy Rupak
Rudy