texts:
 <mask> graduated from high school and enrolled at Barnard College in New York City. <mask> later expressed how she felt about Barnard College in her 1981 book Civil Wars, writing:

No one ever presented me with a single Black author, poet, historian, personage, or idea for that matter. Nor was I ever assigned a single woman to study as a thinker, or writer, or poet, or life force. Nothing that I learned, here, lessened my feeling of pain or confusion and bitterness as related to my origins: my street, my family, my friends. Nothing showed me how I might try to alter the political and economic realities underlying our Black condition in white America. Due to this disconnect with the predominantly male, white curriculum, <mask> left Barnard without graduating.<mask> emerged as a poet and political activist when black female authors were beginning to be heard. Personal life
At Barnard College, <mask> met Columbia University student Michael Meyer, whom she married in 1955. She subsequently followed her husband to the University of Chicago, where she pursued graduate studies in anthropology. She also enrolled at the university but soon returned to Barnard, where she remained until 1957. In 1958, <mask> gave birth to the couple's only child, Christopher David Meyer. The couple divorced in 1965, and <mask> raised her son alone. After the Harlem Riots of 1964, <mask> found that she was, in her words, "filled with hatred for everything and everyone white."She wrote:

From that time on, <mask> wrote with love. She also identified as bisexual in her writing, which she refused to deny, even when this status was stigmatized. <mask>'s first published book, Who Look at Me (1969), was a collection of poems for children. It was followed by 27 more books in her lifetime, and one (Some of Us Did Not Die: Collected and New Essays) of which was in press when she died. Two more have been published posthumously: Directed By Desire: The Collected Poems of <mask> (Copper Canyon Press, 2005), and the 1970 poetry

masks:
Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
June Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
Career Jordan
June Jordan


type: original

texts:
 collection SoulScript, edited by <mask>, has been reissued. She was also an essayist, columnist for The Progressive, novelist, biographer, and librettist for the musical/opera I Was Looking at the Ceiling and Then I Saw the Sky, composed by John Adams and produced by Peter Sellars. When asked about the writing process for the libretto of the opera, <mask> said:

The composer, John [Adams], said he needed to have the whole libretto before he could begin, so I just sat down last spring and wrote it in six weeks, I mean, that's all I did.I didn't do laundry, anything. I put myself into it 100 percent. What I gave to John and Peter [Sellars] is basically what Scribner's has published now. <mask> began her teaching career in 1967 at the City College of New York. Between 1968 and 1978 she taught at Yale University, Sarah Lawrence College, and Connecticut College. She became the director of The Poetry Center at SUNY at Stony Brook and was an English professor there from 1978 to 1989. From 1989 to 2002 she was a full professor in the departments of English, Women's Studies, and African American Studies at the University of California, Berkeley.<mask> was known as "the Poet of the People". At Berkeley, she founded the "Poetry for the People" program in 1991. Its aim was to inspire and empower students to use poetry as a means of artistic expression. Reflecting on how she began with the concept of the program, <mask> said:

I did not wake up one morning ablaze with a coherent vision of Poetry for the People! The natural intermingling of my ideas and my observations as an educator, a poet, and the African-American daughter of poorly documented immigrants did not lead me to any limiting ideological perspectives or resolve. Poetry for the People is the arduous and happy outcome of practical, day-by-day, classroom failure and success. <mask> composed three guideline points that embodied the program, which was published with a set of her students' writings in 1995, entitled <mask>'s Poetry for the People: A

masks:
Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
June Jordan


texts:
 Revolutionary Blueprint.She was not only a political activist and a poet, but she wrote children's books as well. Literary topics and influences
<mask> felt strongly about using Black English as a legitimate expression of her culture, and she encouraged young black writers to use that idiom in their writing. She continued to influence young writers with her own published poetry, such as her collections, Dry Victories (1972), New Life (1975), and Kimako's Story (1981). <mask> was dedicated to respecting Black English (AAVE) and its usage (Jordan 1). In her piece "Nobody Mean More to Me Than You and the Future Life of <mask>," <mask> criticizes the world's quickness to degrade the usage of Black English, or any other form considered less than "standard". She denounced "white English" as standard English, saying that in stark contrast to other countries, where students are allowed to learn in their tribal language, "compulsory education in America compels accommodation to exclusively White forms of 'English.' White English, in America, is 'Standard English.'""Nobody Mean More to Me Than You and the Future Life of <mask>" opens On Call (1985), a collection of her essays. <mask> tells the story of working with her students to see the structure that exists within Black English, and respect it as its own language rather than a broken version of another language. Black English was spoken by most of the African-American students in her classes but was never understood as its own language. She presented it to them for the first time in a professional setting where they ordinarily expected work in English to be structured by "white standards." From this lesson, the students created guidelines for Black English. <mask>'s commitment to preserve Black English was evident in her work. She wrote: "There are three qualities of Black English— the presence of life, voice, and clarity—that intensify to a distinctive Black value system that we became excited about and self-consciously tried to maintain."In

masks:
Jordan
Jordan
Willie Jordan
Jordan
Willie Jordan
Jordan
Jordan


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 addition to her writing for young writers and children, <mask> dealt with complex issues in the political arena. She engaged topics "like race, class, sexuality, capitalism, single motherhood, and liberation struggles across the globe." Passionate about feminist and Black issues, <mask> "spent her life stitching together the personal and political so the seams didn't show." Her poetry, essays, plays, journalism, and children's literature integrated these issues with her own experience, offering commentary that was both insightful and instructive. When asked about the role of the poet in society in an interview before her death, <mask> replied: "The role of the poet, beginning with my own childhood experience, is to deserve the trust of people who know that what you do is work with words." Contributions to feminist theory

"Report from the Bahamas"
In her 1982 classic personal essay "Report from the Bahamas", <mask> reflects on her travel experiences, various interactions, and encounters while in The Bahamas. Writing in narrative form, she discusses both the possibilities and difficulties of coalition and self-identification on the basis of race, class, and gender identity.Although not widely recognized when first published in 1982, this essay has become central in the United States to women's and gender studies, sociology, and anthropology. <mask> reveals several issues as well as important terms regarding race, class, and gender identity. Privilege
<mask> repeatedly grapples with the issue of privilege in both her poems and essays, emphasizing the term when discussing issues of race, class, and gender identity. She refuses to privilege oppressors who are similar to or more like certain people than other oppressors might be. She says that there should be no thought of privilege because all oppression and oppressors should be viewed at an equal standpoint. Concepts of race, class, and gender
"[In 'Report from the Bahamas'] <mask> describes the challenges of translating languages of gender,

masks: Jordan Jordan Jordan Jordan Jordan Jordan Jordan


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 sexuality, and blackness across diasporic space, through the story of a brief vacation in the Bahamas." Vacationing in the Bahamas, <mask> finds that the shared oppression under race, class, and/or gender is not a sufficient basis for solidarity.She notes:

"These factors of race and class and gender absolutely collapse.. .whenever you try to use them as automatic concepts of connection." They may serve well as indicators of commonly felt conflict, but as elements of connection they seem about as reliable as precipitation probability for the day after the night before the day. As <mask> reflects on her interactions with a series of black Bahamian women, from the hotel maid "Olive" to the old women street sellers hawking trinkets, she writes:

I notice the fixed relations between these other Black women and myself. They sell and I buy or I don't. They risk not eating. I risk going broke on my first vacation afternoon. We are not particularly women anymore; we are parties to a transaction designed to set us against each other.(41)

Interspersing reflections of her trip with examples her role as a teacher advising students, <mask> details how her own expectations are constantly surprised. For instance, she recounts how an Irish woman graduate student with a Bobby Sands bumper sticker on her car provided much needed assistance to a South African student who was suffering from domestic violence. Such compassion was at odds with <mask>'s experience in her neighborhood of being terrorized by ethnic Irish teenagers hurling racial epithets. <mask>'s concluding lines emphasize the imperative to forge connection actively rather than assuming it on the basis of shared histories:
I am saying that the ultimate connection cannot be the enemy. The ultimate connection must be the need that we find between us ... I must make the connection real between me and these strangers everywhere before those other clouds unify this ragged bunch of us, too late. Common identity vs. individual identity
<mask> explores

masks: Jordan Jordan Jordan Jordan Jordan Jordan


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 that, as human beings, we possess two very contrasting identities.The first identity is the common identity, which is the one that has been imposed on us by a long history of societal standards, controlling images, pressure, a variety of stereotypes, and stratification. The second is the individual identity that we have chosen once we are given the chance and feel are ready to expose our true selves. Death and legacy
<mask> died of breast cancer at her home in Berkeley, California, on June 14, 2002, aged 65. Shortly before her death, she completed Some of Us Did Not Die, her seventh collection of political essays (and 27th book). It was published posthumously. In it she describes how her early marriage to a white student while at Barnard College immersed her in the racial turmoil of America in the 1950s, and set her on the path of social activism. In 2004, the June Jordan School for Equity (formerly known as the Small School for Equity) in San Francisco was named after her by its first ninth grade class.They selected her through a democratic process of research, debate, and voting. A conference room was named for her in the University of California, Berkeley's Eshleman Hall, which is used by the Associated Students of the University of California. In June 2019, <mask> was one of the inaugural fifty American "pioneers, trailblazers, and heroes" inducted on the National LGBTQ Wall of Honor within the Stonewall National Monument (SNM) in New York City’s Stonewall Inn. The SNM is the first U.S. national monument dedicated to LGBTQ rights and history, and the wall’s unveiling was timed to take place during the 50th anniversary of the Stonewall riots. Honors and awards
<mask> received numerous honors and awards, including a 1969–70 Rockefeller grant for creative writing, a Yaddo Fellowship in 1979, a National Endowment for the Arts fellowship in 1982, and the Achievement Award for International Reporting from the National Association of Black Journalists in 1984. She also won the Lila Wallace

masks: Jordan Jordan Jordan


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 Reader's Digest Writers Award from 1995 to 1998, as well as the Ground Breakers-Dream Makers Award from The Woman's Foundation in 1994. She was included in Who's Who in America from 1984 until her death.She received the Chancellor's Distinguished Lectureship from UC Berkeley and the PEN Center USA West Freedom to Write Award (1991). In 2005, Directed by Desire: Collected Poems, a posthumous collection of her work, had to compete (and won) in the category "Lesbian Poetry" at the Lambda Literary Awards, even though <mask> identified as bisexual. However, BiNet USA led the bisexual community in a multi-year campaign eventually resulting in the addition of a Bisexual category, starting with the 2006 Awards. Reception
Author Toni Morrison commented:

In political journalism that cuts like razors in essays that blast the darkness of confusion with relentless light; in poetry that looks as closely into lilac buds as into death's mouth ... [<mask>] has comforted, explained, described, wrestled with, taught and made us laugh out loud before we wept ... I am talking about a span of forty years of tireless activism coupled with and fueled by flawless art. Poet Adrienne Rich noted:

Whatever her theme or mode, <mask> continually delineates the conditions of survival—of the body, and mind, and the heart. Alice Walker stated:

<mask> makes us think of Akhmatova, of Neruda.She is among the bravest of us, the most outraged. She feels for all of us. She is the universal poet. Thulani Davis wrote:

In a borough that has landmarks for the writers Thomas Wolfe, W. H. Auden, and Henry Miller, to name just three, there ought to be a street in Bed-Stuy called June Jordan Place, and maybe a plaque reading, 'A Poet and Soldier for Humanity Was Born Here.' Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University. Audio collection of <mask>, 1970-2000. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.Jordan, June, 1936-2002. Videotape collection of <mask>, 1976-2002. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe

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Jordan
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<mask> (, , (2 May 1952) is the widow of former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, former First Lady of Libya, incumbent Representative of Sirte, and mother of seven of Gaddafi's eight biological children. Early life
There are two different stories about her origin. One is that Farkash is from a family from the Eastern Libyan Barasa tribe and that she was born in Bayda and was trained as a nurse. The other story is that Farkash is from Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, where she was born as "Zsófia Farkas" to Hungarian parents. Personal life
She met Gaddafi when he was hospitalised and treated for appendicitis in 1970. She became his second wife when they married in Tripoli during the same year. Farkash has seven biological children with Gaddafi and two adopted children:

 Saif al-Islam Gaddafi (born 25 June 1972), her eldest son, was an architect who was long-rumored to be Gaddafi's successor.He has been a spokesman to the Western world, and he has negotiated treaties with Italy and the United States. He was viewed as politically moderate, and in 2006, after criticizing his father's government, he briefly left Libya. In 2007, Gaddafi exchanged angry letters with his son regarding his son's statements admitting the Bulgarian nurses had been tortured. They later reconciled. Al-Saadi Gaddafi (born 25 May 1973), was a professional football player. On 22 August 2011, he was allegedly arrested by the National Liberation Army. This turned out to be incorrect.In the late evening of 22 August 2011, he spoke with members of the international press. On 30 August, a senior National Transitional Council official claimed that Al-Saadi Gaddafi had made contact to discuss the terms of his


texts: surrender, indicating also that he would wish to remain in Libya. Mutassim Gaddafi (18 December 1974 – 20 October 2011), Gaddafi's fourth son, was a lieutenant colonel in the Libyan Army. He later served as Libya's National Security Advisor. He was seen as a possible successor to his father, after Saif al-Islam. Mutassim was killed along with his father after the battle of Sirte. Hannibal Muammar Gaddafi (born 20 September 1976), was an employee of the General National Maritime Transport Company, a company that specialized in oil exports.He is most-known for his violent incidents in Europe, attacking police officers in Italy (2001), drunk driving (2004), and for assaulting his girlfriend in Paris (2005). In 2008, he was charged with assaulting two staff in Switzerland, and was imprisoned by Swiss police. The arrest created a strong standoff between Libya and Switzerland. Ayesha Gaddafi (born 1976), Farkash's only biological daughter, is a lawyer who joined the defense teams of executed former Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein and Iraqi journalist Muntadhar al-Zaidi. In 2006, she married a cousin of her father's, Ahmed al-Gaddafi al-Qahsi, with whom she has four children (as of 2011). Saif al-Arab Gaddafi (1982 – 30 April 2011) was appointed a military commander in the Libyan Army during the Libyan Civil War. Saif al-Arab and three of <mask>'s grandchildren were reported killed by a NATO bombing in April 2011.Like the death of Hanna, this is disputed by the organizations alleged to be responsible. Khamis Gaddafi (27 May 1983 – 29 August 2011), her sixth son, who was serving as the commander of the Libyan Army's elite Khamis Brigade. On 30 August 2011, a spokesman for the


texts:
 National Transitional Council said it was "almost certain" Khamis had been killed in Tarhuna during clashes with units of the National Liberation Army. She and Gaddafi are rumored to have adopted two children, Hanna and Milad. Hana Muammar Gaddafi (claimed by Gaddafi to be his adopted daughter, but most facts surrounding this claim are disputed) was apparently killed at the age of four, during the retaliatory US bombing raids in 1986. She may not have died; the adoption may have been posthumous; or he may have adopted a second daughter and given her the same name after the first one died. Following the taking by rebels of the family residence in the Bab al-Azizia compound in Tripoli, The New York Times both reported evidence (complete with photographs) of Hana's life after her declared death, when she became a doctor and worked in a Tripoli hospital.Her passport was reported as showing a birth date of 11 November 1985, making her six months old at the time of the US raid. However, a Libyan official told the Daily Telegraph that Gaddafi adopted a second daughter and named her Hana in honour of the first one who was killed. The family's main residence was in the Bab al-Azizia military barracks, located in the southern suburbs of Tripoli. Business and other interests
<mask> kept a low profile during the initial period of her marriage to Gaddafi; however, after the release on license of Lockerbie bomber Abdul Baset Ali al-Megrahi in 2009, she took a more public profile. She organised a party covered by the local media to celebrate the anniversary of the 1969 revolution that brought her husband to power, and in 2010 attended the graduation of female police students. In 2008,


texts:
 <mask> was elected vice president to the African First Ladies Organization in a meeting of African Union leaders in Sharm al-Sheikh, even though she was not present at the meeting, and has never taken part in activities related to it. Farkash owns airline Buraq Air, headquartered at Mittiga International Airport.Operated with the approval of her husband, even though it is a rival of the Libyan national carrier, it monopolizes the transfer of Libyan Hajj pilgrims to Mecca. Libyan Civil War

Farkash stayed with her husband and family through the Libyan Civil War, at their home in Tripoli. After a first round of United Nations sanctions froze the overseas assets of Libya and those personally held by Gaddafi, the governments of France and the United Kingdom enabled a second round of sanctions, which froze an estimated £18Bn of state and personal assets control by Farkash. In May 2011, she gave her first press interview to CNN reporter Nima Elbagir, via mobile telephone. As the Battle for Tripoli reached a climax in mid-August, the family were forced to abandon their fortified compound. On 27 August 2011, it was reported by the Egyptian news agency Mena that Libyan rebel fighters had seen six armoured Mercedes-Benz sedans, possibly carrying top Gaddafi regime figures, cross the border at the south-western Libyan town of Ghadames towards Algeria, which at the time was denied by the Algerian authorities. On 29 August, the Algerian government officially announced that <mask> together with daughter Ayesha and sons Muhammad and Hannibal, had crossed into Algeria early on 29 August.An Algerian Foreign Ministry official said all the people in the convoy were now in Algiers, and that

masks: Farkash Safia


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 none of them had been named in warrants issued by the International Criminal Court for possible war crimes charges. Mourad Benmehidi, the Algerian permanent representative to the United Nations, later confirmed the details of the statement. The family had arrived at a Sahara desert entry point, in a Mercedes and a bus at 08:45. The number of people in the party was unconfirmed, but there were "many children" and they did not include Gaddafi. Resultantly the group was allowed in on humanitarian grounds, and the Algerian government had since informed the head of the Libyan National Transitional Council, who had made no official request for their return. In October 2012 they left a hideaway in Algeria to go to Oman, where they were granted political asylum. Sanctions after Gaddafi
The central bank of the United Arab Emirates ordered in March 2012 all banks and financial institutions in the country to freeze the accounts of <mask> <mask> and other high-ranking officials of the Gaddafi regime.This order was declared in accordance with the UN Security Council's Resolution No. 1970 of 2011, addressing fifteen Libyans whose bank accounts had been frozen for their involvement in violence against the people of Libya. In April 2016, she was allowed to return to Libya by the government as part of their efforts to pacify Gaddafi loyalists. Notes

References

1952 births
Living people
Gaddafi family
First Ladies of Libya
Libyan nurses
Libyan people of Bosnia and Herzegovina descent
Libyan people of Croatian descent
Libyan people of Hungarian descent
Libyan Muslims
Spouses of national leaders
Libyan emigrants to Oman
People of the First Libyan Civil War
Bayda, Libya
Libyan women in

masks: Safia Farkash


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<mask> (; born 14 June 1954) is an Italian singer-songwriter and musician. Her most notable songs include "America" (1979), "Fotoromanza" (1984), I Maschi (1987) and "Bello e impossibile" (1986), the latter a European hit with success in Austria, Germany, Italy and Switzerland. Early life
Nannini was born in Siena on 14 June 1954. She is the elder sister of former Formula One racing driver <mask>. She studied piano and composition in Milan in the late 1970s and obtained a degree in Philosophy from the University of Siena in 1994. The following year she took part in a protest organized by Greenpeace at the French embassy in Rome against the decision of the French government to pursue nuclear experiments at Mururoa. Musical career

Nannini scored her first domestic hit in 1979 with the single "America" and the album California, which became a success in several European countries.Her international breakthrough happened in 1984 with the release of her sixth album, the Conny Plank-produced Puzzle, which peaked in the top 10 in the Italian, German, Austrian and Swiss charts. The first single from the album, "Fotoromanza", was supported by a music video directed by Michelangelo Antonioni, and went on to win many musical awards. Nannini embarked on a long European tour to support the album, culminating in a headlining gig at the Montreux Jazz Festival. In 1986, her song "Bello e impossibile" was a European hit in Italy, Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Her 1987 compilation album Maschi e Altri sold over a million copies. In 2004, she released the greatest hits album Perle, where a number of her most renowned songs were rearrangemed with the support of musicians such as Christian Lohr on piano (who also had a co-producer credit), and a string quartet composed of Vincenzo di Donna (first violin), Luigi de Maio (second violin), Gerardo Morrone (viola) and Antonio di Franca (violoncello). With this orchestra Nannini went on a European tour from 2004 to 2005.The

masks:
Gianna Nannini
Alessandro Nannini


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 album Grazie was released in February 2006, and peaked at number one of the Italian hit-parade with the single "Sei nell'anima". In April 2007, Nannini released Pia come la canto io, a collection of songs produced by Wil Malone and originally intended for a rock opera based on the medieval Tuscan character Pia de' Tolomei (briefly mentioned in Dante's Purgatorio) that would eventually be performed in 2008 after eleven years of gestation. An acoustic version of her song Meravigliosa Creatura (from Perle) has been used in a 2008 advertisement commercial for the Fiat Bravo directed by Matthias Zentner. Fiat would later include another <mask> Nannini song, "Aria", in a subsequent Fiat Bravo ad. Duets
In 1987 she performed with Sting and Jack Bruce the "Three Penny Opera" by Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill at the Schauspielhaus in Hamburg. In 1990, she and Edoardo Bennato sang "Un'estate italiana", the official song of the Football World Cup 1990 composed by Giorgio Moroder. In September 2006, she recorded the single "Ama Credi E Vai" with Andrea Bocelli.Nannini was also featured on Einstürzende Neubauten member Alexander Hacke's solo album Sanctuary, on the track "Per Sempre Butterfly". In 2008 she duetted with the Italian rapper Fabri Fibra in his videoclip version of the song "In Italia". She also sang the song "Aria" with the Macedonian vocalist Toše Proeski. Band current lineup
 <mask> <mask> – vocals, guitar, violin, piano
 Milton Mcdonald – guitar, backing vocals
 Davide Ferrario – keyboards, backing vocals
 Davide Tagliapietra – guitar, backing vocals
 Mylious Johnson – drums
 Alex Kilier – bass
 Will Malone – producer, musical director

Personal life
In August 2010, at the age of 56, Nannini announced that she was pregnant (the name of the father was not revealed). Nannini's pregnancy was prominently featured on the cover of Vanity Fair, where she was portraited wearing a T-shirt with the inscription "God is a Woman". On 26 November 2010, at 12 am,

masks: Gianna Gianna Nannini


texts:
 Nannini's daughter Penelope Jane Charlotte was born at the Madonnina Clinic in Milan. In 2017, Nannini decided to move to London with her partner, Carla.In her 2017 autobiography, entitled Cazzi miei, she revealed she was ready for a civil union with Carla, explaining she felt Italian laws could not give her any guarantee about Penelope's future in the case of her (Nannini's) death. Works

Discography
 <mask> Nannini (1976)
 Una radura (1977)
 California (1979)
 G. N. (1981)
 Sconcerto Rock (1981, soundtrack)
 Latin Lover (1982)
 Puzzle (1984)
 Tutto Live (1985, live)
 Profumo (1986)
 Maschi e Altri (1987, compilation)
 Malafemmina (1988)
 Scandalo (1990)
 Giannissima (1991, live)
 Maschi e altri / Chicos y otros (1992)
 X Forza e x amore (1993)
 Dispetto (1995) No. 1 Italy
 Bomboloni (1996, compilation; including a song about bombolone)
 Cuore (1998) No. 2 Italy (Platinum)
 Momo (2002, soundtrack)
 Aria (2002) No. 7 Italy, No. 29 Switzerland
 Perle (2004) No. 6 Italy, No.22 Switzerland
 Grazie (2006) No. 1 Italy (7× Platinum), No. 12 Switzerland, No. 32 Germany
 Pia come la canto io (2007) No. 5 Italy
 Giannabest (2007, compilation) No. 1 Italy (7× Platinum), No. 15 Portugal, No.23 Switzerland, No. 32 Germany
 Giannadream – Solo I Sogni Sono Veri (2009) No. 2 Italy (4× Platinum)
 Extradream – Solo I Sogni Sono Veri (2010)
 Io e te (2011) No. 1 Italy (4× Platinum)
 Inno (2013) No. 1 Italy (Platinum)
 Hitalia (2014) No. 1 Italy (3× Platinum)
 Hitstory (2015) No. 5 Italy (Gold), No.51 Switzerland
 Amore gigante (2017) No. 2 Italy (Gold), No. 14 Switzerland
 La differenza (2019) No. 4 Italy

Selected bibliography

References

External links

 Review of Giannadream (in English)

1954 births
Living people
People from Siena
Italian women singer-songwriters
Italian pop singers
Italian rock singers
20th-century Italian women singers
University of Siena alumni
LGBT singers from Italy
LGBT songwriters
Bisexual women
Bisexual musicians
21st-century Italian women


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<mask> (1845 – 1922) was a Belgian painter of genre scenes and animated landscapes. Over the years, his painting evolved from academic art to impressionism. Alongside Emile Claus, he is one of the earliest representatives of luminism in Belgium. Biography

Youth
<mask> was born into a modest family of farmers in Kuurne. He became a pupil at the Academy of Fine Arts of Courtrai in 1861, under the direction of Henri De Pratere. There, he obtained many distinctions. In 1864 he was admitted to the Royal Academy of Fine Arts Antwerp where he received tuition from Nicaise de Keyser.He proved to be gifted in painting from life, and achieved the prize of excellence in 1865, which allowed him to obtain a private studio in the Academy the following year. Early career

In 1872, Carpentier established himself in Antwerp and acquired his own studio. It is there that he painted many commissioned works, which did not yet reflect his artistic personality. He began his career addressing religious topics, themes of antiquity and scenes inspired by the Dutch Golden Age painting of the 17th century, but it is in the field of historical painting that he became well known. The painting "Les premières nouvelles du désastre de la Grande Russie", exhibited at the Artistic Circle of Antwerp in 1872, is an example of this success. In response to the academic tastes of his time, he liked to paint farm animals and, more generally, the charms of rural life. At around this period, <mask> <mask> befriended

masks:
Évariste Carpentier
Évariste Carpentier
Évariste
Carpentier


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 some of his classmates from the Academy, including Emile Claus, Theodoor Verstraete, Frans Hens and Jan Van Beers.They met often at the exhibitions organised by the Artistic Circle of Antwerp. From 1874 to 1877, Émile Claus occupied a corner of Carpenter’s studio. In 1876, an old knee injury, caused in his youth, developed serious complications and threatened to require amputation. The pain prevented him from working. He left Antwerp to return to his hometown, where his sister provided him with care and treatment for the next three years. France

On the advice of his doctor, Carpentier left Kuurne in 1879 for the south of France, in order to speed up his recovery. The following year, on his return, he stopped in Paris, where he met his friend Jan Van Beers.He was persuaded to move to the French capital, where Van Beers would share his studio with him. <mask> began to produce realistic paintings of Parisian bourgeoisie. In 1881, he was finally able to get rid of his crutches permanently and settled in 71 Boulevard de Clichy. He then followed his passion of historical painting. Scenes of the French Revolution, as well as the episodes of the War in the Vendée, became his main sources of inspiration. Having always had a predilection for dramatic episodes, Carpentier refined his composition skills in the search of better ways to depict the pathetic character of minor historical facts, such as those in "Chouans en déroute" (1883) and "Madame Roland à la prison Sainte-Pélagie"


texts:
 (1886). His paintings became highly appreciated by the public.This success constituted, however, an obstacle from his discovery of "plein air" painting. In this regard, the year 1884 marked a turning point in his career. <mask> finally left the conventions of academism and found his true artistic voice. After discovering the works of Jules Bastien-Lepage, he began to dedicate himself to "plein air" painting, turning to nature through the Realism movement. He stayed for two seasons principally at Saint-Pierre-lès-Nemours, near the forest of Fontainebleau, but also at Le Tréport and at Saint-Malo. Return to Belgium

Although Carpentier only gave up his studio in Paris in 1892, he returned to Belgium in 1886. There, he witnessed the increasing popularity of impressionism among artists from Brussels, such as Les XX.During his long stay in France, he had already been exposed to impressionists, but he had been influenced to a greater extent by the naturalism of Jules Bastien-Lepage and Jules Breton. His initial outdoor paintings, which had been produced with darker, thicker strokes, gave way to a noticeably brighter palette and progressively lighter brushstrokes. Once established in Belgium, he continued to travel. From 1886 to 1896, he travelled through the Belgian and French countryside, seeking new landscapes. He frequently visited the Campine in Genk with his friends, the landscape artists Franz Courtens and Joseph Coosemans. He also visited Brittany, a region that had a


texts:
 particularly strong influence on him. In 1888, Carpentier married Jeanne Smaelen in Verviers.Five children were produced from this marriage. In 1890, the young couple moved to Belgian Brabant, at Overijse, where Carpentier painted "Washing Turnips", an important work that earned the artist a medal in Paris, and which was acquired by the MAMAC in Liège. In 1892, Carpentier moved again, this time to La Hulpe. During this period, the artist flourished and sought to find the truth of nature, according to his impressionist vision, parallel to that of his friend Emile Claus. He turned to delicate tones and atmospheric touches. Carpentier became one of the most active propagators of luminism. Professor and director
In January 1897, <mask> applied for the position of professor of painting at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of Liège, which had been vacant since the death of Émile Delperée.While serious in his candidature, Carpentier had a disadvantage: he was not from Liège. This was a source of contention. Nevertheless, and despite the backlash from Walloons, he was eventually given the position and moved to Rue Mont Saint-Martin  in Liège. He was 51 years old. In 1904, <mask> succeeded Prosper Drion as the director of the Academy, a position which he held until 1910. In spite of the disputes caused by his promotion, which hurt him deeply, he carried out his task with the same dedication. From 1905 he lived in Rue Hors-château, still in Liège.By becoming a professor, <mask> <mask>

masks: Carpentier Carpentier Évariste Carpentier


texts:
 helped reshape the evolution of Liège painting. He freed local painting from academic conventions, popularising the impressionist aesthetic. He taught many artists, some of whom did not try to imitate his style. Among the best known of his students who were significantly influenced by his approach were Armand Jamar, Albert Lemaître and José Wolff. Other Liège artists that passed through his class were Fernand Steven, Robert Crommelynck, Adrien Dupagne, Marcel Caron, Jean Donnay and Auguste Mambour. In addition, he provided guidance and advice to painters who did not attend his class, such as Xavier Wurth. The painter of the Ardennes, Richard Heintz, also benefitted from Carpentier’s encouragement.From 1906, <mask> spent his summer holidays in Vieuxville, at a house called L'Abbaye de Stavelot. During World War I, Carpentier witnessed the German Rape of Belgium, and depicted the execution of Belgian civilians in his work L'exécution des notables de Blégny, 1914. <mask> retired in 1919, and died in Liège on 12 September 1922, following a long illness. Artwork and legacy
During his life, Carpentier achieved a great success. Throughout his career, he won many prizes and awards at international exhibitions, both in Europe and in the United States, receiving the golden medals at Antwerp, Munich and Berlin for "Summer sun" (1896), Paris, Amsterdam, Barcelona and Nice. His work was practically forgotten shortly after his death. However, it was rediscovered towards the end of the 20th

masks: Carpentier Carpentier


texts:
 century.The importance of his work is now recognised for his contribution as a teacher in the Academy of Liège, where he taught a new way of painting, as well as for the whole of his work as an essential link in the development of modern Belgian painting. Ed. Mecenart/Galerij Depypere, 1994
 Sonia Jérôme, Liliane Sabatini, Louis Maraite et Gaëtane Warzée, À la recherche de… Évariste Carpentier. Cat. exp. Espace BBL Liège, 1997-1998
 Serge Goyens de Heusch, L’Impressionnisme et le Fauvisme en Belgique. Ed.Fonds Mercator, 1998, p. 144, 146, 278, 287, 288, 291
 Collectif (sous la direction de Joost De Geest), 500 chefs-d'œuvre de l'art belge du XVe siècle à nos jours. Ed. Racine, 2006, p. 72
 Vers la modernité, le XIXe siècle au Pays de Liège. Cat. exp. (Liège, 5 octobre 2001-20 janvier 2002), Liège, 2001
 Gaëtane Warzée, <mask> Carpentier et le renouveau de la peinture liégeoise à l’aube du XXe siècle. In: Actes I du XLVIIe congrès de la Fédération des cercles d'archéologie et d'histoire de Belgique, 2e congrès de l'Association des cercles francophones d'histoire et d'archéologie de Belgique, Nivelles 23–26 August 1984, p. 316-317
 Liliane Sabatini, Le Musée de l'Art wallon.Collection "Musea Nostra", Ministère de la Communauté française de Belgique & Crédit Communal de Belgique, Brussels, 1988
 Jules Bosmant, La peinture et la sculpture au Pays de Liège de 1793 à nos jours''. Ed. Mawet, 1930
 P. & V. Berko, "Dictionary of Belgian painters born between 1750 & 1875", Knokke 1981,


texts:
 p. 89-90
 P. & V. Berko, "19th Century European Virtuoso Painters", Knokke 2011, p. 497, illustrations p. 33, 208, 400, 431. External links
 « À la recherche de... Évariste Carpentier », Espace BBL, Liège 1997-1998 (Courants d'art - RTBf 1998)

1845 births
1922 deaths
People from Kuurne
Royal Academy of Fine Arts (Antwerp) alumni
19th-century Belgian painters
20th-century Belgian


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<mask> (June 4, 1932 – October 28, 1975) was an American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, arranger, composer, and bandleader. His 1961 Impulse! album The Blues and the Abstract Truth (1961) is regarded as one of the most significant recordings of its era. The centerpiece of the album is the definitive version of <mask>'s composition, "Stolen Moments". Other important recordings from the early 1960s are More Blues and the Abstract Truth and Sound Pieces, both also on Impulse!. Biography

Early life and career
<mask> was born into a musical family in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. His brother was a saxophonist who played with Cootie Williams in the 1940s, and his sister sang and played piano.<mask> began learning to play the piano when he was six and started on the saxophone at eleven. Beginning in 1947 he played in "territory" bands in and around Saint Louis before joining the Louis Jordan band where he stayed from 1950 to 1951, playing alto saxophone and arranging charts for Jordan's band. In 1952, <mask> underwent military service in the United States Marines Corps playing woodwinds in the 3rd Marine Division band in Japan and Korea. It was in Japan that <mask> attended a concert by the Tokyo Philharmonic Orchestra and heard Maurice Ravel's Ma mere l'Oye and Paul Hindemith's Symphony in E Flat. <mask> later recalled that this "'was the first time that I had heard really modern music for back in St. Louis I hadn't even known that Negroes were allowed to go to concerts. I realized everything didn't have to sound like Beethoven or Brahms ... . It was then that I decided to become a composer'".<mask> returned to Missouri to study

masks:
Oliver Edward Nelson
Nelson
Oliver Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson


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 music composition and theory at Washington University in St. Louis and Lincoln University Universities, graduating with a master's degree in 1958. <mask> also studied with composers Elliott Carter, Robert Wykes and George Tremblay. While back in his hometown of St. Louis, he met and married Eileen Mitchell; the couple had a son, <mask> Jr., but soon divorced. After graduation, <mask> married St. Louis native Audrey McEwen, a union which lasted until his death and produced a son, Nyles. After completing his degree <mask> moved to New York City, playing with Erskine Hawkins and Wild Bill Davis, and working as the house arranger for the Apollo Theater in Harlem. He also played on the West Coast briefly with the Louie Bellson big band in 1959, and in the same year began recording for Prestige Records as the leader of various small groups. From 1960 to 1961, he briefly played with Count Basie and Duke Ellington, and then joined the Quincy Jones big band playing tenor saxophone, both in the U.S. and on tour in Europe.Breakthrough and afterwards
After six albums as leader between 1959 and 1961 for the Prestige Records label, <mask>'s big breakthrough came with The Blues and the Abstract Truth, an album recorded for Impulse! also featuring Eric Dolphy, Roy Haynes and Freddie Hubbard, which made his name as a composer and arranger. Subsequently, he recorded a number of notable big-band albums including Afro-American Sketches and Full Nelson. <mask> worked as an arranger on large ensemble albums for Thelonious Monk, Cannonball Adderley, Sonny Rollins, Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis, Johnny Hodges, Wes Montgomery, Buddy Rich, Jimmy Smith, Billy

masks:
Nelson
Oliver Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson


texts: Taylor, Stanley Turrentine, Irene Reid, and Gene Ammons. The music Sonny Rollins wrote for Alfie (1966), a film made in Great Britain,  was arranged by <mask> for Alfie of the same name. He also led all-star big bands in various live performances between 1966 and 1975. <mask> continued to perform as a soloist during this period, now focusing primarily on soprano saxophone.In 1967, <mask> moved to Los Angeles to be near the television and movie industry and began composing background music for television and films, for which he became highly sought after. Television projects included Ironside, Night Gallery, Columbo, The Six Million Dollar Man  and Longstreet. Films scored by <mask> include Death of a Gunfighter (1969), Skullduggery (1970), Dial Hot Line (1970), Zig Zag (1970) and The Alpha Caper (1973). He also arranged Gato Barbieri's music for Last Tango in Paris (1972). During this productive time he also arranged and produced albums for pop stars such as Nancy Wilson, James Brown, The Temptations, and Diana Ross. Along with his big-band appearances (in Berlin, Montreux, New York, and Los Angeles), he led a small group that included John Klemmer, Ernie Watts, Freddie Hill, and Frank Strozier in a United States Department of State-sponsored tour of West Africa in 1969. Less well-known is the fact that <mask> composed several symphonic works, and was also deeply involved in jazz education, returning to his alma mater, Washington University, in the summer of 1969 to lead a five-week-long clinic that also featured such guest performers as Phil Woods, Mel Lewis, Thad Jones, Sir Roland Hanna, and Ron Carter.Among the student

masks: Nelson Nelson Nelson Nelson Nelson


texts:
 participants at the Washington University Summer Jazz Institute were saxophonists Julius Hemphill, <mask>, and Hamiet Bluiett, who later co-founded the World Saxophone Quartet with David Murray. <mask>'s book of jazz practice exercises, Patterns for Improvisation, was published in 1966 and remains highly regarded to this day. <mask> died of a heart attack on October 28, 1975, at the age of 43. It is widely believed that <mask>'s commitment to his work resulted in lengthy periods of stress which contributed to his premature death. Discography

References

External links

[ <mask>] – AllMusic biography by Scott Yanow
<mask> – brief introduction from the Jazz Files
<mask> – introduction from Impulse! Records
<mask>: A Discography – Douglas Payne's site, including discographies of <mask>'s work in different genres, reviews, etc. <mask> Published Big Band Arrangements and Compositions

1932 births
1975 deaths
Musicians from St. Louis
African-American jazz composers
African-American jazz musicians
American jazz clarinetists
American jazz saxophonists
American male saxophonists
American music arrangers
Big band bandleaders
Hard bop saxophonists
Mainstream jazz saxophonists
Post-bop saxophonists
Soul-jazz saxophonists
Washington University in St. Louis alumni
Prestige Records artists
RCA Records artists
Verve Records artists
Impulse!Records artists
Inner City Records artists
Flying Dutchman Records artists
United States Marines
Jazz arrangers
20th-century jazz composers
20th-century saxophonists
20th-century American composers
Jazz musicians from Missouri
American male jazz composers
American jazz composers
20th-century American male

masks:
Oliver Lake
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Oliver Nelson
Oliver Nelson
Oliver Nelson
Oliver Nelson
Nelson
Oliver Nelson


texts:
<mask> (born <mask>, 17 April 1974) is an English singer and musician, best known for being the founder and director of Rock Choir, the world's largest amateur contemporary choir. She is considered to be "responsible for the contemporary choir movement in the UK", and "the businesswoman behind one of Britain's biggest brands". She has also enjoyed a successful career as a solo artist, performing on the Together album by vocal group Blake and several albums by The Soldiers, including  Coming Home, which reached double platinum status. <mask> has gained four gold and platinum certified sales awards from the British Phonographic Industry. On 17 October 2012 <mask> received the prestigious Gold Badge Award for her "special contribution to Britain's music industry", from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors (BASCA) in association with the Performing Right Society (PRS). Education and early career

<mask> was a pupil at Saint Martins Independent Day School for Girls, Solihull from 1985 – 1992, winning the Christine Tucker Music Scholarship at the age of 11. In honour of her success, St. Martins named a new Year 7 Scholarship after her in 2012, the <mask> Scholarship for the Performing Arts.It was awarded for the first time in 2013. <mask> <mask> went on to Salford University, where she gained a degree in popular music and recording. <mask> <mask> started performing professionally at the age of 15. She worked in London's West End as a singer, entertaining VIPs and celebrities in venues such as The Dorchester, Hyde Park and Lanesborough hotels. She also qualified as an A-level teacher in Performing Arts and Music. In 2001 <mask> <mask> was teaching A-level music and performing arts at the Sixth Form College, Farnborough, Hampshire, when she devised the concept of Rock Choir. Rock Choir

<mask> <mask> launched Rock Choir in 2005.Beginning with 70 members, it currently has more than

masks:
Caroline Redman Lusher
Caroline Anne Lusher
Redman Lusher
Redman Lusher
Redman Lusher
Caroline Redman Lusher
Redman
Lusher
Redman
Lusher
Redman
Lusher
Redman
Lusher


texts:
 25,000 members across the UK. <mask> <mask> is widely considered to be the pioneer of the "no audition, no need to read music" amateur contemporary choir movement. An article in the Sunday Times Culture Magazine in 2009 called her "the key to the choir's success". "Others have attempted a similar formula, but none have turned an amateur group singing pop songs into a brand this powerful. She stands out for her rigorous classical training (Grade 8 piano and violin by 15; a degree in popular music from Salford; a thesis on Annie Lennox's songwriting style) and her insistence on a slick, professionally run outfit. Rock Choir works with a variety of people, from rights lawyers to web technicians to sound engineers. The selection and harmonising of the music – sometimes up to seven-part harmony, no mean feat – is done by <mask> herself."Awards and nominations

Gold Badge Award
<mask> <mask> was honoured with a Gold Badge Award by the British Association of Songwriters, Composers and Authors (BASCA) in association with the Performing Rights Society (PRS). This award was given to <mask> <mask> in recognition of her exceptional contribution to British music. Only a handful of people receive it each year. Guild of Entrepreneurs
<mask> <mask> was invited to become one of the 100 founding members of the Guild of Entrepreneurs promoting excellence in the profession of Entrepreneurship. Freedom of the City of London
<mask> was awarded the Freedom of the City of London at a ceremony at the Guildhall, London. The Freedom of the City of London is an honour bestowed by a municipality upon a valued member of the community. It is handed to a person who has achieved success in their chosen field and is recognition of the highest level of excellence and trust in the goods and services they provide.Power 100
<mask> <mask> was celebrated in the Power 100 of Inspiring Entrepreneurs. The Smith & Williamson Power 100

masks:
Redman
Lusher
Lusher
Caroline Redman
Lusher
Redman
Lusher
Redman
Lusher
Caroline
Caroline Redman
Lusher


texts:
 identifies those who use their experience or expertise to provide vital support to help inspire and professionalise the UK's up-and-coming businesses. Without these types of individuals, many brands that are household names today would simply not exist – they are critical to the wellbeing of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. 2016 saw names like Richard Branson, Baroness Karren Brady CBE and Baroness Martha Lane-Fox recognised for their contribution to championing the entrepreneurial cause

Honorary Doctor of Letters
In July 2017 <mask> <mask> received an Honorary Doctor of Letters from the London College of Music in association with The University of West London. This prestigious award is to honour <mask> for her magnanimous contribution to music education and for the innovation of Rock Choir which has inspired the nation's communities to sing and perform. <mask> became an honorary doctor of the university on 25 July 2017 at Wembley Stadium along with 350 music graduates at their annual ceremony. It is usual that after graduation <mask> will now be invited to be a ‘Visiting Professor’ which will include masterclass teaching at London College of Music.An honorary Doctor of Letters recognises <mask>'s outstanding achievements which will have had a long-term and significant impact on the country. She stands out at a national level as an example to others. Other community choirs inspired by Rock Choir will recognise <mask>'s contribution as inspirational and significant requiring unending commitment over a long period of time. After <mask> created Rock Choir in 2005, it has become a British success story and remains the trail-blazer at the forefront of contemporary community singing. It was the first of its kind, inspiring individuals and communities to join together and sing contemporary songs without the need for audition or to read music. Whilst others tried to replicate its success, <mask>'s

masks:
Caroline Redman
Lusher
Caroline
Caroline
Caroline
Caroline
Caroline
Caroline
Caroline


texts:
 reputation dramatically grew, attracting thousands of individuals to join Rock Choir to take part in its unique and exciting experience. Guest speaker and team-building workshops

<mask> <mask> is a popular speaker at corporate events, educational workshops and business conferences, for organisations such as British Telecom, the WI, the Welsh Women Mean Business Awards, the Yorkshire Countrywomen's Association, and the Red Ribbon Awards.She has also incorporated music and song into team-building workshops run for companies including Virgin Money, Procter & Gamble and Santander. Philanthropy

<mask> <mask> supports numerous local and national charities both personally and through Rock Choir. In 2012 Rock Choir helped raise over £1 million for charity through its performances and social events. <mask> <mask> has helped raise the profile of Rock Choir's two official charities, Missing People and Refuge, and agreed that Rock Choir should become official community sponsors of Missing People, regularly raising money through events and supporting the charity behind the scenes. In February 2013, Sir Trevor McDonald announced <mask> <mask>'s appointment as an ambassador for Missing People. Sir Trevor made the announcement at the charity's offices in Mortlake as he formally accepted a cheque from <mask> <mask> for £17,000, which was raised by Rock Choir's 16,000 members via fundraising events in their communities. Over the past two years, Rock Choir has raised over £50,000 to help the charity offer a lifeline to families when someone disappears."As Patron of the charity Missing People, I am truly delighted to welcome <mask> <mask> as Ambassador of the charity. If your child went missing wouldn't you want the world to stop and look for them? Thanks to <mask>, Rock Choir communities across the UK have already raised significant funds and awareness to aid the search. I know that she will be a truly formidable

masks:
Redman
Lusher
Redman
Lusher
Redman
Lusher
Redman
Lusher
Redman
Lusher
Caroline Redman
Lusher
Caroline


texts:
 force as the charity seeks to bring more missing children and vulnerable adults to safety." – Sir Trevor McDonald
<mask> <mask> is also a patron of the charity W4W (Words for Wounded) alongside Louis de Bernières and Julian Fellowes. W4W supports the rehabilitation of wounded servicemen and women. Music career

<mask> <mask> gained a 2:1 BA Honours degree in Popular Music and Recording from Salford University, and has grade eight certificates in both violin and piano from the Royal School of Music.She has described a major early influence as Annie Lennox – <mask> <mask> based her university dissertation on Lennox's composition skills. Other early influences include Tina Turner, ELO, and Aretha Franklin. Rock Choir Vol. 1

<mask> <mask> composed the vocal arrangements and sang lead vocals on the first Rock Choir album, Rock Choir Vol. 1, released in 2010 by Universal/Decca Records. It reached number 18 in the UK album charts. Rock Choir Deluxe

Rock Choir's second album, Rock Choir Deluxe, also featured song arrangements and lead vocals by <mask> <mask>.It was released digitally to coincide with the airing of the three-part ITV1 documentary The Choir That Rocks. It reached number 17 in the UK digital downloads chart. Perfect Day (album) (Various Artists)

This double album compilation featured <mask> <mask> singing lead vocals on the Labi Siffre track (Something Inside) So Strong. The Soldiers (album) The Soldiers 2012

<mask> <mask> featured in a duet with Sergeant Gary Chiltern on the track Songbird by Fleetwood Mac. Message to You (album) The Soldiers 2011

This album reached gold status, selling over 100,000 copies. It featured <mask> <mask> in a duet with Corporal Ryan Idzi performing Wherever I Lay My Hat. Best Of (album) The Soldiers 2011

<mask> <mask> featured in Against All Odds.Love Songs (album) The Soldiers 2010

This album reached double platinum status and raised nearly £90,000

masks: Redman Lusher Redman Lusher Redman Lusher Redman Lusher Redman Lusher Redman Lusher Redman Lusher Redman Lusher Redman Lusher


texts:
 for the charity Help For Heroes. It featured <mask> <mask> in the duet Against All Odds. Unsung Hero (single) Blake 2009

<mask> <mask> featured on the track, which was released as a single from the popular album Together. Together (album) Blake 2009

<mask> <mask> featured on the track  Unsung Hero. Coming Home (album) The Soldiers 2009

One of the biggest selling albums of 2009, reaching sales of over 600,000 and achieving double platinum status. <mask> <mask> featured again in Against All Odds. Discography

Rock Choir Vol.1 Rock Choir (2010)
Perfect Day Various Artists (2010) 'Something Inside So Strong'
Rock Choir Deluxe Rock Choir (2011)
The Soldiers The Soldiers (2012) 'Songbird'
Message To You The Soldiers (2011) 'Wherever I Lay My Hat'
Best Of The Soldiers (2011) 'Against All Odds'
Love Songs  The Soldiers (2010) 'Against All Odds'
Together Blake (2009) 'Unsung Hero'
Unsung Hero Blake (2009) 'Unsung Hero'
Coming Home The Soldiers (2009) 'Against All Odds'

Personal life

On 2 August 2008 <mask> <mask> married pilot <mask>. They live in Farnham, Surrey. <mask> <mask>'s father (a.k.a. Captain Rock Choir) is former British Airways Chief Pilot <mask>, who is now Rock Choir's company secretary. Her sister <mask> is also British Airways cabin crew. In 2011 <mask> <mask> starred in the three-part ITV1 documentary The Choir that Rocks, which followed her and her team as they prepared for a mass performance by more than 8,000 Rock Choir members at Wembley Arena on 15 May 2011. After the first episode, 23,000 people logged onto their website, crashing the Rock Choir server, and 8,000 people emailed with membership enquiries.References

External links

 Official Rock Choir website

1974 births
Living people
English women singer-songwriters
People from Birmingham, West Midlands
Alumni of the University of Salford
Musicians from the West Midlands (county)
21st-century English women

masks:
Redman
Lusher
Redman
Lusher
Redman
Lusher
Redman
Lusher
Redman
Lusher
Stuart Redman
Redman
Lusher
Dave Lusher
Liz Lusher
Redman
Lusher


texts:
<mask>,  (21 January 1894 – 13 August 1940) was an Australian army officer and politician. He was a member of the United Australia Party (UAP) and served as Minister for Defence (1938–1939), the Army (1939–1940) and Repatriation (1940) in the early years of Australia's involvement in the Second World War. <mask> enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) on the outbreak of the First World War. He served in the Gallipoli Campaign and on the Western Front, winning the Military Cross and ending the war with the rank of major; he was later promoted to brigadier in the reserve of officers. <mask> subsequently farmed near Lismore, Victoria, entering politics with the support of Robert Menzies. He won the Division of Corangamite at the 1934 federal election and was promoted to cabinet in 1938 by Prime Minister Joseph Lyons. Following Lyons' death the following year, Menzies became prime minister and <mask> oversaw an expansion of the military.He was killed in the 1940 Canberra air disaster along with two cabinet colleagues and the head of the army. Early life and education
<mask> was born on 21 January 1894 in Woollahra, New South Wales. A member of the <mask> family, he was the second of four children born to Mary Veronica (née Austin) and John William <mask>. His father was a "prosperous city solicitor" and his mother was the niece of poet laureate Alfred Austin. His maternal grandfather Henry Austin was the chairman of the Perpetual Trustee Company, which was founded by his forebear John Rendell <mask>. He attended Sydney Grammar School, where he was captain of the school cricket team and also represented the school in rugby union,

masks:
Geoffrey Austin Street
Street
Street
Street
Street
Street
Street
Street


texts:
 swimming and athletics. He passed his senior examinations in December 1912 and enrolled in law at the University of Sydney, initially studying towards a Bachelor of Arts degree.He had an "undistinguished academic record" but continued his involvement in sport, both as a player and in administrative capacities. First World War

In August 1914, following the outbreak of the First World War, <mask> enlisted as a private in the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force. He was due to sail with the expeditionary force to German New Guinea, but instead transferred to the 1st Brigade of the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) in order to go to Europe. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 1st Battalion and left Sydney aboard HMAT Afric on 18 October 1914. <mask> arrived in Alexandria, Egypt, in early December. After further training his battalion sailed via Lemnos to participate in the Gallipoli campaign. He participated in the Landing at Anzac Cove on 25 April 1915 as platoon commander of "D" Company.He and his men reinforced a hill named Baby 700 and succeeded in holding the position for several days. <mask> received a "slight" wound to the head and was evacuated back to Egypt, where he was promoted to full lieutenant with effect from 26 April. He returned a month later and led a mission on 4 June to eliminate an Ottoman machine-gun, which ended in him "unexpectedly stumbling into Turkish troops in a supposedly unoccupied 'sniper’s trench'". His sergeant on the mission Harry Freame became a lifelong friend. <mask> was subsequently appointed acting adjutant of the 1st Battalion and in November was promoted to captain. He

masks: Street Street Street Street


texts: and the 1st Battalion were evacuated to Egypt the following month. In early 1916, <mask> went to France with the 1st Battalion.He was soon seconded to the 14th Battalion where served as staff captain during the Battle of Fromelles, in charge of the 4th Brigade's report centre. He was sent to Cambridge, England, for further training in February 1917. He returned to the front in July 1917 as brigade major to Brigadier General Harold "Pompey" Elliott; he was promoted major in October. Their working relationship was poor. While Elliott described <mask> as "a very decent boy" and "a very lovable lad", he regarded him as constantly needing direction and overinvolved with recreational activities. He also "resented having the charming and well-connected staff officer foisted upon him" in place of one of his own men of a lower social standing. <mask> was finally transferred away from Elliott's staff in April 1918 following an incident in which a poorly worded order placed three battalions in danger.In early 1918 <mask> learned that he had been awarded the Military Cross in the 1918 New Year Honours. After his marriage in June he rejoined the 1st Battalion at Pradelles and was appointed officer commanding of "A" Company. His unit saw action in the Second Battle of the Somme as well as skirmishes at Chuignolles and Hargicourt. <mask> was shot in the wrist by a machine gun bullet in September 1918, and after a period of sick leave joined the Demobilisation and Repatriation Branch in London. His AIF appointment was terminated on 2 August 1919. Three of his cousins were killed in the war, and his younger brother Anthony died in the 1918 Spanish

masks: Street Street Street Street Street


texts:
 flu pandemic while on active duty. Post-war activities

<mask> and his wife returned to Australia in 1920 and settled on a property near Lismore in the Western District of Victoria, which had been part of his father-in-law's estate.There he raised and exhibited Polwarth sheep, becoming involved with the Australian Sheep Breeders' Association and the Lismore Agricultural and Pastoral Society. <mask> was elected to the Hampden Shire Council in 1924 and served as shire president from 1931 to 1932. He was a member of the reserve of officers and in December 1932 was promoted to lieutenant colonel as regimental commander of the 4th Light Horse Regiment. He would later be given command of the 3rd Cavalry Brigade in 1935 and promoted to temporary brigadier. <mask> was an early member of the Young Nationalists Organisation founded by Robert Menzies. He served as campaign secretary for Thomas Chester Manifold at the 1929 Victorian state election. In 1933, his public profile was raised when Menzies, the Victorian railways minister, appointed him to the Victorian Transport Regulation Board.He was the principal author of its report into transport regulation. Federal politics

At the request of Robert Menzies, <mask> stood for and won Corangamite in 1934. He became Minister of Defence in November 1938 and played a major role in the expansion of the military and munitions production prior to the outbreak of the Second World War and pushed the National Registration Act (1939) through parliament despite strong opposition. Following the outbreak of war he worked to put Australia on a war footing. From November 1939, Menzies abolished the position of


texts:
 Minister for Defence and appointed <mask> Minister for the Army and Minister for Repatriation. <mask> died in the Canberra air disaster, 1940, along with two other Cabinet ministers. His son, <mask>, was Member for Corangamite from 1966 to 1984, and a senior minister in Malcolm Fraser's government.Personal life
<mask> married Evora Frances "Gyp" Currie on 29 June 1918 at St Columba's Church, London. He first met his future wife when he played cricket against her brother in 1912. She had arrived in England in 1916 as a volunteer and served with a Voluntary Aid Detachment. <mask> had a lifelong love of cricket and had a collection of nearly 600 books on the sport. During the war he and Test cricketer Charlie Kelleway organised games on makeshift pitches. His post-war career was hampered by his wounded wrist but he played six years of first-grade cricket for the Melbourne Cricket Club, bowling leg spin. Other Test cricketers he played alongside included Warwick Armstrong, Bill Ponsford, Bill Woodfull and Jack Ryder, sometimes in charity matches.References

Further reading

1894 births
1940 deaths
United Australia Party members of the Parliament of Australia
Members of the Cabinet of Australia
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Corangamite
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
Recipients of the Military Cross
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Australia
Accidental deaths in the Australian Capital Territory
Place of birth missing
Defence ministers of Australia
20th-century Australian politicians
<mask>
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1940
Australian military personnel of World War

masks:
Street
Street
Tony Street
Street
Street
Geoffrey


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<mask>  (born 5 June 1963) is a New Zealand politician and a member of the New Zealand House of Representatives, first elected at the 2014 general election. He is a member of the New Zealand National Party and served as its deputy leader from 10 November 2020 to 30 November 2021 including a period of five days as interim leader following the ousting of Judith Collins. Early life and family
Born in Hamilton in 1963, Reti is of Māori descent, and has tribal affiliations to Ngāpuhi, Ngāti Hine, Ngāti Wai, Te Kapotai and Ngāti Maniapoto. He was educated at Hamilton Boys' High School and Minidoka County High School in Idaho, United States. He then studied at the University of Waikato from 1981 to 1982 and the University of Auckland between 1982 and 1987 and in 1989, graduating from the latter with a Bachelor of Human Biology in 1985, MB ChB in 1987 and a Diploma in Obstetrics in 1989. He was also awarded a Diploma in Dermatological Science by the University of Wales, Cardiff in 1991. Reti served in the Territorial Force from 1983 to 1987.He played badminton for Waikato between 1978 and 1982. Professional career
<mask> worked as a general practitioner for 17 years. For seven years and three consecutive terms he served as a member of the Northland District Health Board. In the 2006 New Year Honours he was awarded a Queen's Service Medal for public services. In 2007 <mask> was awarded a NZ Harkness Fellowship to Harvard Medical School and moved to Massachusetts to work at Harvard University. <mask> remained in Boston for six years and resisted offers by Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital-Plymouth and Harvard Medical School to extend his stay. <mask> has continued to be a practising doctor during his time in parliament.In 2019 <mask> was one of a team who administered the meningococcal vaccine at Hikurangi primary school after the local community raised money to buy the vaccine. In 2021 <mask> travelled Northland administering Covid19 vaccinations. In 2021 Industry publication New Zealand Doctor indicated that having a

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 doctor high up is important to the profession, announcing  "<mask> is the first GP, and first medical practitioner, to become leader of the National Party"

Political career

Fifth National Government, 2014–2017
Early in 2014, <mask> won the National Party nomination in the safe  electorate against sitting list MP Paul Foster-Bell for the . At the , he had a large margin over Labour's Kelly Ellis. During the Northland by-election, <mask> was accused of bullying Alex Wright of the Pipiwai Titoki Advocacy group, a group campaigning to seal the "dusty and dangerous foresty roads" in Northland. Wright claimed that <mask> rang her and told her to keep quiet until after the by-election or get nothing. <mask> responded that he was attempting to help the group.Sixth Labour Government, 2017–present
During the , <mask> was re-elected in Whangārei, defeating Labour candidate Tony John Savage by a margin of 10,967 votes. Following the formation of the Labour-led coalition government, <mask> became National's Associate Spokesperson for Health and Deputy Chaiperson of the Health Select Committee. He was later appointed as the party's spokesperson for "data and cybersecurity" and "disability issues." In January 2019, <mask> was designated as National's spokesperson for "tertiary education, skills, and employment." Between 25 March and 26 May 2020, <mask> was a member of the Epidemic Response Committee, a select committee that considered the government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. On 2 July, <mask> was promoted to number 13 on the National Party's list ranking within Todd Muller's shadow cabinet and also given the associate drug reform portfolio. On 15 July 2020, Judith Collins, the new Leader of the Opposition, announced that <mask> was to be promoted to Spokesperson for Health for National.During the 2020 New Zealand general election held on 17 October, preliminary results had <mask> ahead of Labour candidate Emily Henderson in the Whangārei electorate by 162 votes. Following the publication of official results

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 on 6 November, he lost the seat to Henderson by 431 votes. He returned to Parliament on the National Party list. On 10 November, <mask> was unanimously elected as the deputy leader of the National Party during a party caucus meeting. In mid November 2021, <mask> briefly served as interim leader of the National Party after Judith Collins lost a vote of no confidence. On 30 November, he was succeeded by Christopher Luxon, who became the party's new leader and the new Leader of the Opposition. In early February 2022, <mask> petitioned SpaceX CEO Elon Musk for assistance in providing Starlink satellite technology to Tonga following the island country's loss of internet connection due to the Hunga Tonga tsunami.In response, Musk had offered to provide Starlink's terminals to Tongan technology on Twitter. After the Tongan authorities accepted Musk's request, the Fijian Minister for Communications Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum subsequently confirmed that SpaceX engineers would establish and operate a temporary ground station in Fiji to assist with efforts to restore Internet access in Tonga. <mask> had informed the Tongan Consul and Minister for Pacific Peoples William Sio, who supported his efforts to secure help for Tonga. Views and positions

Medical Marijuana
<mask> authored a private members bill in 2018 that would have extended access to medical, but not recreational, marijuana. Euthanasia
<mask> voted against the End of Life Choice Act 2019. Abortion
Reti voted against the Abortion Legislation Act 2020. Obesity
In mid-November 2020, Reti supported National Party leader Judith Collins' earlier remarks about obesity being a matter of personal responsibility.<mask> said that National had a "good obesity framework" and that people could be trusted to make the right choice with the "right information." While acknowledging that socio-economic and genetics were factors in obesity, he added there were other reasons including medical factors for putting on weight. Cancer treatment access
<mask> authored a private members

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 bill  to allow unfunded cancer medication to be administered in public hospitals. Under the bill patients would continue to pay the cost of unfunded medicines, but not for the administration of them. The bill was drawn from the ballow in 2021. Floridation
<mask> is a supporter of floridation, having self-sponsored work to implement it in Northland  but did not support removing floridation decisions from the local DHB. Conversion therapy ban
<mask> was one of only eight MPs to vote against the Conversion Practices Prohibition Legislation Act 2022.The then-leader of the National Party Judith Collins instructed all National MPs to vote against the bill at its first reading, and as party deputy leader <mask> defended the party's position and sought to add an exemption to the bill for parents regarding bill. National's leadership changed to Christopher Luxon who allowed his MPs to vote according to their conscience; <mask> voted against the bill at its second reading, and at its third and final reading. <mask> says he abhors conversion therapy but "What is not clear in the bill is the protection of reasonable parents having reasonable conversations with their children." Personal life
<mask> has three adult children: two daughters and one son. <mask> was raised a Mormon but no longer attends church. References

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1963 births
Living people
Ngāpuhi
Ngāti Wai
Ngāti Hine
People from Hamilton, New Zealand
People educated at Hamilton Boys' High School
University of Waikato alumni
University of Auckland alumni
Alumni of Cardiff University
New Zealand Māori medical doctors
New Zealand National Party MPs
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
New Zealand MPs for North Island electorates
Harkness Fellows
New Zealand male badminton players
Recipients of the Queen's Service Medal
New Zealand Māori sportspeople
21st-century New Zealand politicians
20th-century New Zealand medical doctors
Candidates in the 2017 New Zealand general election
Māori politicians
Northland District Health Board members
New Zealand

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Air Chief Marshal <mask>,  (1 March 1894 – 6 October 1954) was a senior Royal Air Force commander during the Second World War. He was a former Rector of Imperial College and Vice-Chancellor of London University. The Department of Aeronautics of Imperial College was situated in a building named after him. Early life
<mask> was born in Hampstead, London, on 1 March 1894, the eldest of the three children of <mask>, professor of mathematics at University College, London, and his wife, Minnie. His brother was Geoffrey T. R<mask> and Sir <mask> was their uncle. <mask> was educated at Bradfield College and, in 1912, went to the fine arts department of University College, London, with the ambition of becoming an architect. From 1909 onwards both he and Geoffrey became fascinated by aviation; with money earned by <mask> from drawings published in The Sphere, they built, and successfully flew, a glider of their own design in 1913.RAF career
<mask> was commissioned as a 2nd lieutenant in the 12th Northumberland Fusiliers in December 1914, and was posted to France in the second half of 1915. <mask> first saw intensive combat in the Battle of Loos, where he earned a mention in despatches but suffered a wound in the side. While recovering from his wounds, <mask> successfully applied to join the Royal Flying Corps and by July 1916 he had transferred and qualified as a pilot. Demonstrating above average flying ability he was posted to No. 60 Squadron, then flying the tricky Morane-Saulnier N. He quickly proved himself a skilled pilot, making repeated patrols and engagements over the German lines and fighting in the air battles during the Somme offensive in November 1916. Shortly after this he was again mentioned in despatches and awarded the Military Cross, for "conspicuous skill and gallantry. Under very heavy fire he dived at an enemy balloon, and brought it down in flames."In December 1916 <mask> became flight commander of No. 60 Squadron and was promoted captain. In February 1917, <mask>'s reputation as an intelligent pilot with aerobatic skills led to his posting

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texts: as the leader of the experimental flying department at Royal Aircraft Factory, Farnborough. There, his test flying contributed to the success of the S.E.5, the R.E.8, and the DH.9 (with the Napier Lion engine). On the formation of the Royal Air Force in April 1918, <mask> was promoted to squadron leader. In August of that year he was awarded the Air Force Cross (AFC) for meritorious flying as an experimental pilot at Farnborough; he had flown into a barrage balloon cable to test a newly invented protective device. During this tour, he also carried out development work testing wireless direction finding, radio control; he experimented personally with early types of parachute.In recognition, he was awarded a Bar to his AFC in 1921. At the Hendon Pageant of 1922, he demonstrated the manoeuvrability of the Airco DH.10 Amiens twin-engined bomber in a mock dogfight with S.E 5 fighters. Also in that year, he won the R. M. Groves aeronautical research prize. <mask> remained at Farnborough until 1923, when he attended the RAF Staff College in Andover. After graduating in 1924, he was briefly employed on Air Staff duties at Inland and Area H.Q. then in September was posted as the commanding officer of No. 45 Squadron at Hinaidi.There he was instrumental in running the Cairo–Baghdad air route, flying Vickers Vernon transport aircraft, and in maintaining the security of Iraq. He wrote and illustrated a memoir of his time in Iraq and the Middle East: it gives a lively account of flying the large biplanes of the period over difficult desert terrain, and also provides a sharply focussed, and sometimes lyrical description of the landscape and people of the region. <mask> joined the Directing Staff at the RAF Staff College in 1927 and then went on to be the Officer Commanding the Oxford University Air Squadron in 1930, Deputy Director of Repair and Maintenance at the Air Ministry in 1932 and Air Officer Commanding Palestine & Transjordan Command in 1936. During the Second World War <mask> was Director-General of Research and Development at the Air Ministry and then

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 Commandant of the RAF Staff College from 1942. He was appointed Air Officer Commanding No. 12 Group in 1943 and then served as Commander-in-Chief of Fighter Command (also briefly called the Air Defence of Great Britain during his command) from 1943 to 1945. Under his command the RAF was able to deal a blow to the German Luftwaffe's strategic bombing campaign during Operation Steinbock.After the war <mask> was Air Member for Training and then Air Member for Technical Services before retiring in 1948. In retirement he became Rector of Imperial College. In 1953 he was nominated Vice-Chancellor of London University, before ill-health forced him to resign in the following year before completing his term of office. Personal life
Befitting of his original ambition to be an architect, <mask> was a talented illustrator. During the First World War, and for a time afterwards, he was a frequent contributor of drawings to Flight. <mask> married Mabel Helen Catherine Morton in 1917. They had two daughters and an only son who was killed in action in 1944.He died from a coronary thrombosis near St Bartholomew's Hospital. See also
 List of Vice-Chancellors of the University of London

Notes

References

External links

Imperial College London – Sir <mask> M<mask>
Obituary in Flight Magazine

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1894 births
1954 deaths
Royal Air Force personnel of World War I
Royal Air Force air marshals of World War II
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Recipients of the Military Cross
Recipients of the Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)
Commanders of the Legion of Merit
Grand Crosses of the Order of the White Lion
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre (France)
Fellows of the Royal Aeronautical Society
Alumni of University College London
Vice-Chancellors of the University of London
Rectors of Imperial College London
People educated at Bradfield College
British military personnel of the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine
Royal Northumberland Fusiliers officers
People from Hampstead
Military personnel from London
British Army personnel of World War I
Royal Flying Corps

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<mask>. Erskine-Smith  (born June 15, 1984) is a Canadian politician. A member of the Liberal Party, he is a Member of Parliament, representing Beaches-East York. Erskine-Smith became the youngest MP to be elected in the Greater Toronto Area on October 19, 2015, after a successful grassroots open nomination in December 2014. He successfully retained his seat in the 2019 federal election. Erskine-Smith sits on the Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology. He also occupies an executive role on the committee of the Canadian Group of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) as a past president. Prior to entering politics, Erskine-Smith was a lawyer at a commercial litigation firm downtown Toronto.He supplemented his practice with volunteer legal work for a range of clients and causes, which included fighting public interest matters in court, and research for the Canadian Civil Liberties Association. Erskine-Smith hosts a weekly podcast series, titled Uncommons: Canadian Politics with <mask>-Smith, in which he seeks out experts from his work and travels in Ottawa and Toronto to discuss on topics in the news and general matters of interest to the public. Early life and education
Erskine-Smith was born in Toronto, Ontario and grew up in Beaches-East York and attended Bowmore Elementary School and Malvern Collegiate. His parents Sara Erskine and Lawrence Smith were public school teachers. He obtained a B.A. (Politics) in 2007 and a J.D. (Law) in 2010 from Queen's University at Kingston.While a student at Queen's, Erskine-Smith was an unsuccessful candidate for city council for Sydenham District in Kingston, Ontario, in

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 the 2006 municipal elections. He then went on to study political philosophy and constitutional law at the University of Oxford, where he earned a Master of Laws (BCL) degree in 2013

Legal career

Erskine-Smith practised commercial litigation as an associate at Kramer Simaan Dhillon, after working as a law student at Aird & Berlis LLP. He also performed volunteer work for the Canadian Civil Liberties Association. He worked pro bono for a range of clients and causes, including a civil liberties case to protect religious freedom in Ontario's school system. In that noteworthy pro bono civil liberties case in 2014, Erskine-Smith successfully argued against compulsory religious studies at publicly funded high schools in Ontario. Election results
In the 2015 federal election Erskine-Smith was the winning Liberal candidate in the riding of Beaches-East York. He defeated New Democrat incumbent Matthew Kellway by 10,345 votes.Erskine-Smith became the youngest MP elected from the Greater Toronto Area. In the 2019 federal election, Erskine-Smith was re-elected with 32,647 total votes, which was the all-time largest margin of victory of 20,204 votes and the all-time largest share of the vote (57.2%) in Beaches-East York's history. Legislation & Parliament

42nd Parliament (2015-2019)

Committee work
Erskine-Smith served as a member of the Public Safety and National Security Committee, and as the Vice-Chair of the Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics committee in the 42nd parliament. Other roles
He served as the president of the Canadian group of the Inter-Parliamentary Union for a one-year term in 2016. In that capacity, he


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 delivered a speech about youth in politics at an IPU meeting in Zambia. Independence
Erskine-Smith has been called Canada's most independent parliamentarian, having set records for voting against his own party. The Toronto Star has described him as “a breath of fresh air,” and Ottawa's “least predictable MP.”

He has voted against party lines when arguing for better assisted dying laws, declaring ISIS guilty of genocide, expunging cannabis possession records, ending public fossil fuel subsidies, among other issues, and he maintains a public record to explain each dissenting vote.Erskine-Smith has written and spoken about the need for greater independence in Parliament, and to highlight the importance of thoughtful and respectful disagreement. For example, in an op-ed in The Toronto Star, he wrote:

“No political party represents our views perfectly. We find the party that best represents our views and values, and we engage, debate and organize to bring both our party and country closer to those objectives. I am a Liberal MP and I continue to support our Liberal government. But that does not mean that I support every government action taken, or that I ought to refrain from public disagreement. In contrast to blind partisan loyalty, we promised to empower MPs and their communities through more free votes in the House of Commons.”

Animal welfare and Bill C-246
In 2015, Erskine-Smith seconded Bill S-203, the Ending the Captivity of Whales and Dolphins Act, that became law in June 2019. The bill prohibits the captivity of cetaceans and requires permits to import and export them to and from Canada.Erskine-Smith spoke to the


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 house about the importance of the bill in June 2018. On February 26, 2016, Erskine-Smith introduced Bill C-246, the Modernizing Animal Protections Act, to ban the import of shark fins and make Canada's animal cruelty laws tougher. The bill won support from EndCruelty, a coalition of Canadians who support stronger animal protection laws. Due to concerns from animal use lobbyists, the bill was defeated 198 to 84 at second reading. Two years later, a government bill addressing similar concerns was tabled by Justice Minister Jody Wilson-Raybould. She acknowledged Erskine-Smith's efforts as a precursor to the government's legislation. The defeat of Erskine-Smith's Bill C-246 led to the creation of the Liberal Animal Welfare Caucus in 2017.On September 5, 2017, Erskine-Smith wrote a piece in Now Magazine addressing his veganism and the importance of a social change towards the treatment of animals. Animal welfare awards
In 2016, Erskine-Smith received the Humane Legislator Award from Animal Justice for his efforts to modernize Canada's federal animal protection laws with Bill C-246. In 2017, Erskine-Smith received the Fur-Bearers’ Clements award for his dedication to improving the lives of animals with Bill C-246. In 2019, Erskine-Smith was awarded the Toronto Vegetarian Association Lisa Grill Compassion for Animals Award for his compassion and commitment toward animals. He was also recognized by Humane Canada for his dedication to ending animal abuse. Climate action and Bill C-454
In October 2018, Erskine-Smith called an emergency debate on climate change in Parliament in response to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate


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 Change's special report on global warming. He requested action to be taken by the government and Canadians to ensure that Canada can reduce its emissions and reach the targeted goals.On June 5, 2019, Erskine-Smith introduced Bill C-454, the Net-Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions Act, to require the Government of Canada to reduce GHG emissions to net zero by 2050. Drug policy reform and Bill C-460
Erskine-Smith believes that the war on drugs has been a failure. He has been a vocal supporter of cannabis legalization and regulation, and has called for a new approach to treat drug use as a health issue. In February 2016, Erskine-Smith represented the Canadian government's pro-marijuana legalization views to a joint United Nations/Inter-Parliamentary Union conference reviewing how different countries were dealing with illegal drugs. He partnered with Mexican Senator Laura Rojas to argue that countries should seek alternatives to incarceration in cases where individuals have drugs solely for personal use. In early January 2017, Erskine-Smith published an op-ed in Vice News Canada calling for the decriminalization of all drug possession as a logical next step to the government's progressive drug policy. In late January 2017, Erskine-Smith delivered a speech in the House of Commons in support of Bill C-37, to expand access to safe injection clinics across Canada.In the first episode of the television series Political Blind Date in 2017, Erskine-Smith and Conservative MP Garnett Genuis discussed their differing perspectives on the legalization of marijuana in Canada. Erskine-Smith introduced a Liberal caucus policy resolution to


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 address the opioid crisis through a public health approach, and it was adopted as the second overall priority by the grassroots Liberal membership at the Liberal Policy Convention in Halifax in April 2018. Bill C-460
To ensure more people access treatment, Erskine-Smith introduced a bill to remove criminal sanctions for low-level possession and to reduce the stigma associated with seeking treatment. In 2018, Erskine-Smith appeared on CBC's Power & Politics to speak about his disappointment in the Liberal government's signing of the United States’ ‘War on Drugs’ document. He argued it brought the conversation about drugs away from a health issue, which ran counter to his push for drug decriminalization and domestic policy at the time. Cannabis record expungement
Erskine-Smith seconded a bill introduced by NDP MP Murray Rankin. In March 2019, Erskine-Smith wrote an op-ed for NOW Magazine where he discussed his support for MP Rankin's bill, stating that only expungements would address the injustice of cannabis criminalization.Privacy work
In 2017, Erskine-Smith traveled to Washington  with the Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics committee to attend a congressional hearing on the Equifax data breach, and met with Congressmen from the Digital Commerce subcommittee, with Facebook privacy experts, and with officials from the Federal Trade Commission. In May 2018, Erskine-Smith scrutinized Facebook  officials at the Standing Committee on Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics  regarding the Cambridge Analytica scandal and the extent of privacy breaches for Canadians. In 2018, Erskine-Smith participated as the


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 Canadian delegation in the U.K.’s International Grand Committee on social media and disinformation. In total, 24 officials from 9 countries representing 447 million people participated. In June 2018, Erskine-Smith introduced Bill-C413, an Act to amend the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act, to give new powers for the Privacy Commissioner to better protect our privacy. In May 2019, Erskine-Smith participated in the Canadian delegation of the International Grand Committee  to meet with representatives from Google, Facebook and Twitter, among others. The Silicon Valley representatives were asked to defend their companies' records on protecting users' data.In August 2019, Erskine-Smith wrote an op-ed for the Toronto Star expressing his desire for the right to be forgotten. He explained that in an increasingly connected, online world citizens should have the right to hide content published about them from search engines if the individual’s privacy is being seriously violated. 43rd Parliament (2019-2021)

Committee work
Erskine-Smith is a member of the Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology. 2020 Private members bills
Erskine-Smith introduced two bills in February 2020. Bill C-235
This bill would delete the drug possession offence from the Criminal Code. Bill C-236
This bill would provide diversion options to law enforcement, crown attorneys, and judges for drug possession cases. 44th Parliament (2022- )

Emergencies Act

In response to the occupation of downtown Ottawa by the so-called "Freedom Convoy", the government enacted the Emergencies Act.With Ottawa streets being largely


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 cleared of protesters by the time of the vote, Erskine-Smith's Speech to Parliament condemned the protests, but questioned the use of the Act, and its approval after the clearance. He ultimately voted with the Act, as it was a confidence motion. Personal life
Erskine-Smith was raised vegetarian, and is now vegan. He has Crohn's disease. Erskine-Smith married Amelia (Amy) Symington, a prominent Toronto vegan chef and nutritionist, on her family farm in Camlachie, Ontario. The two met in an undergraduate film studies course at Queen's University. They have two sons, Mackinlay, born in 2016, and Crawford, born in 2019.Erskine-Smith is a sports enthusiast who grew up playing baseball at Ted Reeve and Stan Wadlow in Beaches - East York. He also pitched  for the varsity baseball team at Queen's University and University of


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<mask> (born 27 September 1950), better known as <mask>, is an English vocalist, songwriter and guitarist. She is the eldest of six children, three of whom also had singing careers. She is best known for the singles "Rock-a-Doodle-Doo" (1973), "Sideway Shuffle" (1973) and her version of Betty Everett's "Shoop Shoop Song (It's in His Kiss)" (1975), and for albums such as Lark (1972), Not a Little Girl Anymore (1975), Woman Overboard (1977) and the later Second Nature (1995), which became successful in countries such as Japan. <mask> also provided vocals for others such as David Bowie, Al Kooper, Cat Stevens, Steve Harley and Cockney Rebel, Rick Wakeman, Rod Stewart, Peter Bardens, Hummingbird, Joan Armatrading and Jamiroquai. <mask> is a self-taught guitarist and keyboard player, influenced by Harry Nilsson, Billie Holiday and Smokey Robinson, also drawing inspiration from others such as Joni Mitchell. Her music blends folk, funk and soul. Biography

1960s
<mask> was born in West Ham, Essex.At the age of three she was sent to stage school and was regularly cast in non-speaking television and film roles such as A Taste of Honey (1961) and as a screaming fan in the first Beatles film A Hard Day's Night (1964); she also sang to the public for money. She joined The Q Set, a British band who performed ska and blue beat, Jamaican-style music. In 1964, she sang "Dancing in the Streets" with John Lee Hooker at a club in Southend-on-Sea. Hooker introduced her to Ian Samwell, who arranged for Don Arden to manage her. She signed with Polydor and recorded the single "You Turned My Bitter into Sweet", which is now a collectable Northern Soul record. Polydor worried that her name, <mask>, would be confused with

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 <mask>, who was also signed to Polydor. Fredericks used the name <mask> in honour of singer <mask>.The surname would also be used professionally by her sisters, <mask> and <mask>, and her mother. 1970s
During 1967, <mask> formed White Rabbit with Junior Marvin, moving on to replace Marsha Hunt in the soul rock band The Ferris Wheel in 1970 and touring Europe with them. She also recorded the album Ferris Wheel (1970) and the single "Can't Stop Now" with them before the band broke up the same year. On 19 September 1970, <mask> appeared at the first Glastonbury Festival (where she jammed with Terry Reid and David Lindley), having been booked by the DJ and concert booker Jeff Dexter. After a chance meeting with Warner Bros. Records executive Ian Ralfini, <mask> signed to Warner Bros. Records imprint label Reprise. <mask> also worked as a session vocalist in this period, which led to her appearance on albums such as Possible Projection of the Future by Al Kooper, David Bowie's Aladdin Sane (1973), Cat Stevens's Catch Bull at Four (1972) and Hummingbird's first album Hummingbird (1975). She then signed to Family's new Warner Brothers distributed "Raft" label.Her first hit single "Rock-a-Doodle-Doo" reached No. 15 in the UK Singles Chart in the summer of 1973,
and it was followed by the album Fathoms Deep, which featured former Jeff Beck group guitarist Bobby Tench. This album established her as one of Britain's most promising young female singer-songwriters and was critically acclaimed, but it did not have the expected success, probably due to Raft Records becoming insolvent at that time. However, several appearances on the BBC TV show Top of the Pops raised her profile, and an extensive world tour with

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 Cat Stevens followed. On her return to the studio, she signed to Arista Records and recorded what would become her breakthrough album Not a Little Girl Anymore (1975), which featured Allen Toussaint and the Tower of Power horn section. A cover of "The Shoop Shoop Song" was released as a single, under the title of "It's in his Kiss", at the same time as Not a Little Girl Anymore, reaching No. 6 in the UK Album Chart.On 5 July 1975, <mask> opened the Knebworth Festival, being followed by Roy Harper, Captain Beefheart and the Magic Band, the Steve Miller Band and Pink Floyd. She sings on the Go Too album, released in 1977, with Jess Roden. Three more albums followed over the next few years. In 1986 and 1987, she recorded with her sisters Dee and Shirley as <mask>, then as <mask> Sisters. 1980s–present
During the next decade, <mask> retreated from public life and moved to Los Angeles, although in 1984, she again appeared at the Glastonbury Festival, as well as recording for Electricity Records. In 1992, she worked on the Joan Armatrading album Square the Circle as a backing vocalist, along with her sister Shirley and Sylvia Mason-James. She then returned to record Second Nature (1995), which found success in the Japanese charts.Its success led to live performances, which were recorded and released as On the Stage – Live in Japan (1996). Three more albums followed. Warner Bros. Records released Reach for the Truth: The Best of the Reprise Years (2002), an anthology of her work during the previous thirty years. This was followed by BMG releasing The Best of Linda <mask> (2003), which included her hit singles. During 2003 she also appeared at the Glastonbury Festival, and was filmed by BBC Television

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