texts: particular by Elton John –  "The person who has inspired me the most is Elton John. I love the Beatles, but as I was growing up, I always wanted to play the piano like him. I've never had any lessons, so he has been my only teacher.".........?" He also drew inspirations for his music from Scottish eighties artists such as Del Amitri, Deacon Blue and Simple Minds. Sneddon enjoyed performing in musicals from a young age. At Primary school a teacher suggested a Youth drama group called PACE and it proved one of the best experiences.He attended PACE for twelve years from the age of eight. After attending The University of Paisley for a year Sneddon decided to pursue a career in music. He performed in musicals and sang with bands in Scotland for several years, while he continued working on his songwriting and sending off demos. He was offered a role in a musical in London, and a part in a young boyband called Arena. He presented Inside Out, a children's show on Scottish TV. While acting in Romeo and Juliet he met John Kielty (<mask> was Romeo and John played Juliet's father). After performing some acoustic nights together at the Tron theatre in Glasgow in 2001, they decided to start a band and called themselves The Martians.The Martians busked and did shows during the Edinburgh Festival. <mask> was performing with The Martians in 2002 when he decided to enter the BBC's first series of Fame Academy. After <mask> won the show he brought Kielty down to London to co-write his debut album and go on tour with him. Sneddon also played in the indie-rock

masks: Sneddon Sneddon David


type: original

texts:
 band The Sham with John Kielty in 2004 and 2005. Since then The Martians won the Highland Quest for a new musical in 2006 – The Sundowe was produced by Cameron Mackintosh and toured the Scottish Highlands in early 2007. Music career

Fame Academy
Sneddon became known when he won the BBC's first series of a reality TV music competition called Fame Academy in December 2002. He was not selected for the first show, but was drafted in as a replacement when one contestant withdrew from the TV show due to illness.<mask>, with his high tenor voice and easy going, personable charm, went on to become a favourite with both the audience and his fellow contestants. He won the final of the show winning the voters attention for his memorable versions of "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" by Elton John, "I Don't Want to Talk About It" by Danny Whitten, and his own composition "Stop Living the Lie" and won the public vote with 3.5m votes. <mask> signed a record contract with Mercury Records and was given a luxury penthouse, Audi car and more as part of his prize. He shot his music video for his first single at Abbey Road Studios. His first single "Stop Living the Lie", was no. 1 in the UK Singles Chart for two weeks in January 2003, and in the UK Top 40 for a full nine weeks. <mask> is the only artist from a reality TV show to have a number one hit single with his own composition.He had three other UK Singles Chart hits with his compositions – "Don't Let Go" No. 3, "Best of Order" No. 19 and "Baby Get Higher" No. 38. "Baby Get Higher" has since been a hit on

masks: Sneddon Sneddon Sneddon


texts: the dance floor for Almighty Records and a singles chart hit for Dutch singer VanVelzen. Seven Years - Ten Weeks Sneddon's album, was released in April 2003, four months after he won the show, and entered the UK Albums Chart at No. 5.The album contains all original compositions written by <mask>, two co-writes with Scott MacAlister and four songs co-written with Martians' member Kielty. Sneddon wrote songs about his seven years after leaving university when he performed with bands, and on stage in Scotland – and about his ten weeks singing live on the BBC television series. It contains his three chart singles "Stop Living the Lie", "Don't Let Go" and "Best of Order". The album was produced by Hugh Padgham, and was recorded with Elton John's band. There was a Scottish album launch for the release on 27 April, when Sneddon performed seven gigs in ten hours all over Scotland. Sneddon was given three months to write, rehearse and record original material for his debut album. After the show he toured with a band that included James Bauer-Mein.<mask> has continued working with Mein as a songwriting and music production partnership in London since 2003. Throughout 2003, <mask> and his band played a university tour, the Box Live and Summer XS tours, and headlined at the 'Pop on the Rock' music festival in the Channel Islands. Highlights of the year were supporting Bryan Adams in Bristol and his musical hero, Elton John, in Hull. Sneddon also performed on TV many times, including the BBC's chart music program Top of the Pops. <mask> was also a guest

masks: Sneddon David Sneddon David


texts:
 presenter on The Saturday Show (BBC TV series) and the BBC Scotland Children in Need Appeal, and he took part in Avid Merrion's comedy show 'Bo Selecta' on Channel 4 In 2003 Sneddon and the show drew negative press from the UK tabloid media such as The Sun. Sneddon then took the step of moving from being a popstar to working as a songwriter for other singers. He signed an exclusive publishing deal as a songwriter with Universal Music Group in October 2003.Sneddon's main focus has always been his songwriting. He said "I've loved all the music side of it, it's everything I hoped it would be – the recording, the studio, writing, but the other stuff..........?" Acoustic songs
In 2004, Sneddon was songwriting in London when he formed a rock band called The Sham with John Kielty. They played gigs in London, Scotland and the North of England and headlined at the Hogmanay Celebrations in Aberdeen. The Sham included Jay Mein (bass), Ed Carlile (drums), Si Jones (guitar), Jake Gosling (keyboards) and John Kielty (guitar). In 2006, Sneddon started writing and recording for a new solo album. In July he showcased his songs in a series of acoustic gigs with Kielty on guitar in London, Essex and Scotland.In an interview for FPR Radio in October 2006, he said "It's not what people are expecting, I'm trying something a bit different. The feedback, from people who know me from the show, on the new songs has been incredible." From July 2006 to October 2007, he performed occasional gigs mostly in London – at the Bedford, the Regal Room, The Cobden and the


texts:
 Troubadour venues. When Kielty moved to America in late 2006, Sneddon brought in <mask> as his backing guitarist. He also presented a radio sports show "Keep Off the Grass" on BBC Radio Scotland in June 2007. Sneddon performed a few gigs in Scotland over this time at the Oran Mor, Dunstaffstage, the Jazz Bar and the Kilsyth festival. Sneddon released a five-track acoustic EP, White Noise, in January 2007, his first recorded work for several years.It was recorded in 'one live acoustic take' and included the songs "White Noise", "Time", "Lady Lullaby", "One Old Soul" and "Wish You Well". He played gigs and festivals (with Mullins) across England and Scotland in 2007. In August 2007, he performed three sold-out gigs at the Jazz Bar Edinburgh Festival to good reviews. <mask>'s songs Insomnia, Anticipation, One Old Soul and Scars proved popular with his fans. Sneddon's 2007 EP sold well and re-entered the top of the Indiestore chart in 2008 where it has stayed into 2010. In 2008, Sneddon played several gigs in London, while he continued with his songwriting work alongside guitarist James Bauer Mein. He describes his music as 'melody driven pop'.Songwriting
In October 2003, <mask>'s song "Baby Get Higher" had reached No.39 in the UK Singles Chart, and the song achieved further chart successes in November 2003 when the dance label Almighty Records produced an exclusive promo remix which was a dance hit. The label then recorded a version featuring Belle Lawrence, which was included on several dance compilation albums. In November 2006, the song was

masks:
David Mullins
David
Sneddon


texts:
 also a singles chart hit for Dutch singer VanVelzen. In 2012, the singer Emin Agalarov from Azerbaijan also released "Baby Get Higher" as his first UK single from his After The Thunder album. and the song has received BBC Radio 2 A List airplay. In 2005, <mask> wrote the international hit "The Message" for UK soul singer Nate James, which was released as a single in the UK, and was on James's debut album, Set The Tone. It charted in Italy and Japan in 2006.In 2009, Sneddon signed a new deal with music publisher Sony/ATV Music Publishing. Sneddon stated in the Paisley Daily Express, "This deal has been in the pipeline for a year and we wanted to wait for the right deal. I don't think there has been another reality TV winner who took a back step to this side of the industry but I like being able to get on with my work. We had to prove ourselves...and so that's why we did a lot of development work." In 2008, Sneddon focused on his songwriting career while he also performed a few occasional gigs in London over this time. He signed in 2009 with new management Three Six Zero Group, which is now part of Roc Nation with offices in London, New York and Los Angeles, and to Sony/ATV Music Publishing in July 2009 as a songwriter. The Nexus
In 2003, Sneddon worked with producer and guitarist James Bauer-Mein when touring and recording his debut album.Since then, <mask> and Mein have formed a partnership, working together in a London recording studio discovering, producing and writing with new talent in both the US and the UK. Sneddon and Mein have built

masks: Sneddon Sneddon


texts: up strong reputations as songwriters, having written music chart songs for other artists such as Hurts, Morten Harket of A-ha, X Factor winner Matt Cardle, Newton Faulkner and number one selling American singer Lana Del Rey. In 2009 they decided to call themselves "The Nexus". Sneddon and Mein have co-written the songs "Letters" and "Slowly" (co-written with Cardle and Eg White) for Matt Cardle's debut album, Letters, which was released in October 2011, and charted at No. 2 on the UK Albums Chart. In 2012, The Nexus were listed as the writers for the song "Keep the Sun Away" for Morten Harket, best known as the singer of the Norwegian synthpop/rock band A-ha, on his solo album Out of My Hands released April 2012. It was revealed in January 2012 that Sneddon, as half of The Nexus, had co-written the song "National Anthem" for Lana Del Rey's debut album Born to Die released in January 2012 and which made No.1 in the UK Albums Chart.They also co-wrote the song "Driving in Cars With Boys" with Del Rey. "National Anthem" was confirmed in May 2012 as Del Rey's fifth single from her album and was released on 9 July 2012. The music video for the song premiered 27 June 2012 and depicted Del Rey as Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis and A$AP Rocky as John F. Kennedy. Del Rey said the video was "definitely the most beautiful thing" she had done and the video has received 19 million views on YouTube as of February 2013. Del Rey won International Female Solo Artist at the 2013 BRIT Awards. "National Anthem" also appeared on Del Rey's international multi platinum


texts:
 hit album Paradise which has had record sales of over four million and made No.1 in eleven countries. Newton Faulkner's third studio album Write It on Your Skin, which contained two Nexus songs – "Pick Up Your Broken Heart", "Soon" and "Feel" – was released in July 2012 and reached No.1 UK Albums Chart.As well as developing their own artists in 2012, Sneddon and Mein worked with Greyson Chance, Eliza Doolittle, and Dionne Bromfield. He is one of the more successful graduates from a reality TV show and has built a long career in the music business. Sneddon's songs – Nate James ("The Message"). VanVelzen ("Baby Get Higher") Hurts ("Illuminated", "Blood, Tears & Gold, and "Silver Lining"), Matt Cardle ("Slowly", "Letters"), Lana Del Rey
("National Anthem"), Newton Faulkner ("Pick Up Your Broken Heart", "Soon", "Feel"), Charlie Brown ("Dependency"), Greyson Chance ("Sunshine City Lights"), <mask> ("Don't Run Away"), Shane Filan ("Everytime",  "Today's Not Yesterday"). 2013 Nexus Song Releases – Charlie Brown's single "Dependency" released December 2012 was produced by Mushtaq and co-written with <mask>neddon (Lana Del Rey, Hurts) with a mix by the mighty Sticky. The track features street star Yungen and vocalist Ms D known for her part on Wiley's recent No.1, Heatwave. Brown's album "Dreamstate" is due for release in 2013.American pop singer Greyson Chance's single "Sunshine and City Lights" (on his "Truth Be Told Part 1" EP), was co-written with The Nexus during a late session. American Idol runner-up finalist <mask>'s single release "Don't Run

masks:
David Archuleta
David S
David Archuleta


texts:
 Away" was produced by The Nexus and serviced to the AC Radio format. Archuleta is due to release his studio album "No Matter How Far" in 2013. In April 2013, The Nexus joined the roster of music producers and writers at 365 Artists. The Nexus have worked and released with artists such as Hurts, Lana Del Rey, Newton Faulkner, Morten Harket, Will Young, Nicole Scherzinger, Olly Murs, Pixie Lott and Kristina Train. Shane Filan, formerly lead singer with Westlife released his first solo EP "Everything to Me" in August 2013 which included two songs co-written and produced with <mask> and James Bauer-Mein (The Nexus) – "Everytime" and "Today's Not Yesterday." Filan released his solo album, You and Me in November 2013, which contained the two Nexus songs and he is doing a UK tour in 2014.Sneddon co-wrote Lewis Capaldi's song "Lost on You", which was the second single from his debut EP, Bloom. Personal life
In 2011, Sneddon became engaged to his longtime girlfriend, who works in television, and they married on 25 May 2013 in London. Sneddon supports Rangers F.C. Awards
Winner BBC Fame Academy 2002
Awards – Nordoff Robbins Award for Contribution to music 2003
Radio Forth (Forth One) Best Newcomer award 2003

Discography

Albums

Singles
"Stop Living the Lie" (2003) No. 1 UK
"Don't Let Go" (2003) No. 3 UK
"Best of Order" (2003) No. 19 UK
"Baby Get Higher" (2003) No.38 UK

EPs
White Noise (released through Indiestore, January 2007)
"White Noise" (2007)
"Time" (2007)
"Lady Lullaby" (2007)
"One Old Soul" (2007)
"Wish You Well" (2007)

References

External


texts:
 links
 <mask>don MySpace – <mask> blog, photos, gigs, news
 The Nexus 365 Artists – The Nexus 365 Artists
 <mask> YouTube – <mask> YouTube
 Edinburgh Guide review

1978 births
Living people
Participants in British reality television series
Musicians from Paisley, Renfrewshire
Star Academy winners
21st-century Scottish male singers
Scottish pop singers
Mercury Records artists
Scottish male

masks:
David Sned
David Sneddon
David Sneddon
David Sneddon


texts:
<mask> (; born 13 March 1952) is a French physician and microbiologist specialising in infectious diseases. He taught about infectious diseases at the Faculty of Medicine of Aix-Marseille University (AMU), and in 1984, created the Rickettsia Unit of the university. Since 2008, Raoult has been the director of the Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes. He gained significant worldwide attention during the COVID-19 pandemic for vocally promoting hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for the disease, despite the lack of good evidence for its effectiveness and the consequent NIH and WHO's opposition to its use for the treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients. Personal life
Raoult was born on 13 March 1952 in Dakar, French West Africa (present-day Senegal). Raoult's father, who came from Brittany, was serving there as a military doctor; his mother, originally from Marseille, was a nurse. His family returned to France in 1961, and settled in Marseille.For a time, he was schooled in Nice, then he attended a boarding school in Briançon. Not being a good student, Raoult repeated a year at high school, then dropped out in the second year to join the French merchant marine, on a boat called Renaissance, and spent the next two years at sea. In 1972, he sat his baccalauréat in literature as an independent candidate, and was accepted by the medical faculty in Marseille. Believing in a family tradition in medicine, <mask> senior refused to pay for his studies in any other subject. Raoult had wanted to become an obstetrician after qualifying, but his grade in his internship examination was too low for that choice. He specialised instead in infectious diseases, in the footsteps of his

masks:
Didier Raoult
Raoult


texts:
 great-grandfather Paul Legendre (1854–1936). In 1982, Raoult married psychiatrist and novelist Natacha Caïn (born 1960).They have two children together. Raoult also has a daughter from a previous marriage, angiologist Magali Carcopino-Tusoli. Career
Since 2008, Raoult has been the director of the Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, (URMITE; in English, Infectious and Tropical Emergent Diseases Research Unit), which employs more than 200 people. He is slated to leave this post before September 1st 2022, after being allowed to stay on for at most one year after retiring from his professor position on August 31, 2021. <mask> <mask> initiated the construction of a new building to host the Institut hospitalo-universitaire (IHU) Méditerranée Infection. The IHU Mediterranée Infection, which opened in early 2017, is dedicated to the management and study of infectious diseases and combines diagnostic, care, research and teaching activities in one location. Raoult was awarded the Grand prix de l'Inserm in 2010  and shared the €450,000 prize of the Grand Prix scientifique de la Fondation Louis D. of the Institut de France in 2015 with biologist Chris Bowler from the Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris.The bacteria genus <mask>la was named in his honor. Citations
Raoult has more than 2,300 indexed publications. As of 2008, he was "classified among the ten leading French researchers by the journal Nature, for the number of his publications (more than two thousand) and for his citation number". According to ISI Web of Knowledge, he was the most cited microbiologist in Europe in 2014, and the seventh worldwide. According to the Thomson Reuters source "Highly

masks: Didier Raoult Raoultel


texts:
 Cited Researchers List", Raoult is among the most influential researchers in his field and his publications are among the 1% most consulted in academic journals. He is one of the 99 most cited microbiologists in the world and one of the 73 most highly cited French scientists. He is a world reference for Q fever and Whipple's disease.As of January 2022, he had over 194,000 citations and an h-index of 197. He is also on the list of the 400 most cited authors in the biomedical world. Raoult's extremely high publication rate results from his "attaching his name to nearly every paper that comes out of his institute", a practice that has been called "grossly unethical" by Steven Salzberg. Since 2013 he has been one of the overseas scientists co-affiliated with the King Abdulaziz University of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, known to "offer highly cited researchers lucrative adjunct professorships, with minimal requirements for them to be physically present, in return for being listed by them as a secondary affiliation", and so increase its own institutional citation index. 230 of the 1,836 articles published by Raoult between 1995 and 2020 (amounting to over 120 a year, or approximately one article every three days) were published in two journals edited by Michel Drancourt, who is his right-hand man at the IHU and has been his close collaborator for over 35 years. Members of his staff have editorial functions at almost half of the journals that have published his work. The funding of French health institutes according to their number of publications has been suggested to be at the root of his large number of publications.Controversies

American Society for Microbiology publishing ban
In 2006, Raoult and four co-authors were


texts:
 banned for one year from publishing in the journals of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM), after a reviewer for Infection and Immunity discovered that four figures from the revised manuscript of a paper about a mouse model for typhus were identical to figures from the originally submitted manuscript, even though they were supposed to represent a different experiment. In response, Raoult "resigned from the editorial board of two other ASM journals, canceled his membership in the American Academy of Microbiology, ASM's honorific leadership group, and banned his lab from submitting to ASM journals". In response to Science covering the story in 2012, he stated that, "I did not manage the paper and did not even check the last version". The paper was subsequently published in a different journal. COVID-19

On 17 March 2020, Raoult announced in an online video that a trial involving 24 patients from southeast France supported the claim that hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin were effective in treating for COVID-19. On 20 March, he published a preliminary report of his study online in the International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. The French Health Minister, Olivier Véran, was reported as announcing that "new tests will now go ahead in order to evaluate the results by Professor Raoult, in an attempt to independently replicate the trials and ensure the findings are scientifically robust enough, before any possible decision might be made to roll any treatment out to the wider public".Véran refused to endorse the study conducted by Raoult and the possible health ramifications,  on the basis of a single study conducted on 24 people. The French media also reported that the French pharmaceutical company


texts:
 Sanofi had offered French authorities millions of doses of the drug for use against COVID-19. On 3 April, the International Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, which publishes the journal, issued a statement that the report on the non-blind, non-randomized study "does not meet the Society's expected standard, especially relating to the lack of better explanations of the inclusion criteria and the triage of patients to ensure patient safety." <mask> was one of 11 prominent scientists named on 11 March to a committee to advise on scientific matters pertaining to the epidemic in France. He did not attend any of the meetings and resigned from the committee on 24 March saying that he refused to participate. He denounced the "absence of anything scientifically sound", and criticised its members for "not having a clue". He defended chloroquine as a benchmark drug for lung diseases, saying that it had suddenly been declared dangerous after having been safely used for 80 years.Following reports and a complaint filed in July by the French-speaking Society of Infectious Pathology (Spilf), the departmental council of the French Order of Physicians opened a formal case against <mask> <mask>. Accusations of falsified images, and legal threats
On May 5, 2021, Elisabeth Bik (who specializes in identifying manipulated images in scientific papers) raised concerns about dozens of Raoult's papers—including ethical, procedural, and methodological problems in a March 2020 paper reporting success in a small hydroxychloroquine trial. Raoult's lawyer subsequently announced that Raoult was accusing and suing the scientific integrity consultant of harassment and blackmail. The French non-profit association Citizen4Science, formed by

masks: Raoult Didier Raoult


texts:
 scientists and citizens, published a press release and a petition that day, denouncing the harassment of scientists and defenders of science integrity, specifically defending Bik and calling on French authorities to intervene and for journalists to look into the matter. Several French newspapers immediately reported Citizen4Science's initiative. The petition was signed by thousands of scientists and others throughout the world. By May 22, 2021 Raoult had begun legal proceedings against Bik.There followed various articles in international mainstream media supporting Bik, and an article in Science updated on June 4, 2021 in issue 6546, reporting over 3,000 signatures for the Citizen4Science petition. On May 18, 2021, Lonni Besançon, a French postdoctoral research fellow at Monash University, wrote an open letter supporting Elisabeth Bik. The letter  was co-signed by more than 2200 scientists and 30 scholarly societies. On June 1, 2021, CNRS published a press release denouncing the "judiciarization of controversy and scientific debates", condemning Raoult's legal proceedings against Elisabeth Bik. On June 10, 2021 French Senator Bernard Jomier carried the Citizen4Science press release and petition to the French Senate through a written question to  French Minister of Health Olivier Véran, requiring action to protect bearers of science integrity. Tuberculosis
In October 2021, the Mediapart online investigative journal brought to light an illegal clinical trial by Raoult and IHU of a treatment against tuberculosis, which they had been conducting since 2017. They started the trial without seeking the mandatory approval of the French clinical trial regulator, and continued it despite its strenuous objections to its


texts: protocol when they eventually sought permission.Many of their patients were minors, homeless, or illegal residents, and therefore could not legally consent to the trial. Several suffered severe side effects such as kidney failure from the known toxicity of one of the four antibiotics combined in the trial, and at least one patient contaminated several family members because the treatment was simultaneously ineffective and poorly monitored by


texts:
<mask> is an Indian civic activist and the winner of Miss World 1999. She is the fourth Indian woman to win Miss World and was previously crowned as Femina Miss India World in 1999. She is a former model and actress, and has worked in Hindi films. Early life
<mask> was born in Bangalore in a Sindhi family and was raised in Dubai until <mask> was seven years of age. Her family moved back to Mumbai in June 1986. Her mother Aroona used to run a grooming saloon in Santa Cruz, Mumbai and her father, <mask> was a former Managing Director of a clothing company. After school, she studied zoology at the V. G. Vaze College in Mumbai.She has a diploma in computer sciences from Aptech and has studied Hindustani classical music for three years. Pageantry

Femina Miss India
In 1999, <mask> entered herself into the Femina Miss India contest, where she was shortlisted as a contestant. In the semifinal round during the grand finale, she was asked a question from the judge Viv Richards - “How do you define a true sports person?”, to which she answered:

<mask> proceeded to the succeeding round, where all her fellow Top 5 delegates were asked the same question - “In the context of the recent controversy, if you were Chelsea Clinton, what is the single most important advice, you as a daughter would you give to your parents Bill Clinton and Hillary Clinton, and why?”, to which she stated:

At the end of the event, she was crowned as Miss India World 1999 by the outgoing titleholder Annie Thomas, giving her the right to represent India at the Miss World 1999 contest. Miss World
The 49th edition of the Miss World pageant was held on 4 December 1999 at Olympia, London and 93 delegates from around the world competed for the title. During the pageant's question and answer round, she was asked if she could be anyone in the world who would she want to be. <mask> replied - “It would have to be Audrey Hepburn. It was her inner beauty, compassion and her aura.The calm that she had inside her reflected.”

At the end of the event, <mask> was crowned as Miss World 1999 by her predecessor Linor Abargil from Israel. The first

masks:
Yukta Inderlal Mookhey
Mookhey
Mookhey
Inderlal Mookhey
Mookhey
Mookhey
Mookhey
Mookhey


texts:
 runner-up title was won by Martina Thorogood from Venezuela, followed by the second runner-up, Sonia Raciti of South Africa. <mask> also won the Asia & Oceania's Queen of Beauty Award during the Miss World contest. <mask> became the fourth woman from India to win Miss World after Reita Faria in 1966, Aishwarya Rai in 1994 and Diana Hayden in 1997. Social works
After <mask>'s tenure as Miss World, she involved herself in various social and charitable causes. She has worked for the people affected by HIV/AIDS, breast cancer and thalassemia. <mask> has pledged to donate her organs.In connection with this, she stated, “This step will benefit someone, once I leave this world”. She also works as an educationist and provides motivational counseling in various platforms. She partnered with an NGO to guide young girls from the slums, nudging them towards self-contemplation, understanding their needs and help them to become aware of their bodies, through counseling. She has voiced against illegal child labour carried out in India's firecracker industries, which is an offense under the Indian law. She has also aided the people with hearing impairment, from marginalized and low-income segment of the society. She expressed - “I have spent my time learning the Indian sign language because I feel that hearing impaired people have so much latent creativity and are hampered only by their inability to communicate. I would like to help them by drawing attention to this issue.”

<mask> is an environmental activist, and has participated in various clean drives and social movements to prevent deforestation.In 2018, she joined a campaign to prevent illegal tree cutting talking place at the Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, to pave way for road and metro constructions. During the movement, she stated - “I don't see any reason behind constructing road and metro from the sanctuary. The metro can be constructed underground and the road can be made elsewhere. Humans are not capable of making of what ‘Mother Earth’ can do. So we are just asking to stop the works and also stop cutting the trees.” She also consigned a letter to the

masks: Mookhey Mookhey Mookhey Mookhey Mookhey


texts:
 Pune Municipal Corporation's Heritage Cell, to include the bird sanctuary in the list of national heritage sites. She supports the Swachh Kalyani Nagar initiative in Pune, and had campaigned the households to process their waste effectively through segregation and recycling, ensuring minimum to zero garbage generation from individual societies. Personal life
On 7 September 2008, <mask> got engaged to Prince Tuli, a New York-based businessman and financial consultant at a ceremony held at the Grand Maratha in Mumbai.The marriage was held on 2 November 2008 in a traditional Sikh ceremony at a Nagpur Gurudwara followed by a reception. They have one son together. In July 2013, <mask> accused her husband and in-laws of subjecting her to domestic violence and harassment, and a FIR was registered under Sections 498A (cruelty) and 406 (criminal breach of trust) of the Indian Penal Code. She also accused Tuli under IPC section 377 (unnatural sex). In June 2014, the couple obtained a consensual divorce. Career
<mask> entered the film industry in 2001 through the Tamil movie Poovellam Un Vasam, where she appeared in a song titled "Yukta Mookhey". She made her Hindi film debut with Pyaasa in 2002 starring with Aftab Shivdasani.The film proved to be a flop at the box office. <mask> was cast in Market but had to drop out due to an injury. In 2003, she signed Kab Kyon Kahan and Hum Teeno, but both films where later shelved. She was later signed up in the 2004 release Insaaf: The Justice, but had to drop the project. In 2005, she acted in two films Memsahab and Love in Japan and in 2006, she appeared in the music video Kathputali.</ref>

Filmography

Films

Television

References

External links

1970s births
21st-century Indian actresses
Actresses in Hindi cinema
Actresses from Bangalore
Actresses in Bhojpuri cinema
Actresses in Tamil cinema
Beauty pageant contestants from India
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Maharashtra
Female models from Bangalore
Femina Miss India winners
Indian beauty pageant winners
Living people
Marital rape
Miss World 1999 delegates
Miss World winners
Violence against women

masks: Mookhey Mookhey Mookhey Mookhey


texts:
<mask> (June 6, 1914 – July 23, 2011) was an American public servant whose career from the late 1930s to the early 1980s was primarily associated with the Bureau of the Budget (BOB) (now the Office of Management and Budget [OMB]) and the GAO. Staats was born to Wesley F. and Maude (Goodall<mask>. Staats received his AB from McPherson College in 1935, his MA from the University of Kansas in 1936, and his Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota in 1939. Married on September 14, 1940, to Margaret S. Rich, the couple had three children: David, Deborah, and Catharine. In 1939, Staats became a staff member in the Executive Office of the President, U.S. Bureau of the Budget. He worked his way up at BOB until 1947, when he was promoted to assistant to the Director of the Bureau, then executive assistant to the director (1949–1950), before he held the position of Deputy Director (1950–1953 and 1958–1966). In 1966, Staats became Comptroller General of the United States and head of the GAO, holding that position until 1981.<mask> <mask>: An Inventory of His Personal Papers, 1961-1963 in the John F. Kennedy Library; National Archives and Records Administration (Papers at JFK library)

Early life
Staats was born in 1914, in Richfield, Kansas, the son and one of eight children of Wesley Forrest and Maude Goodall <mask>. His early life was spent on a farm in the Kansas wheat belt. In 1940 he married Margaret Rich, the daughter of Congressman Robert Fleming Rich of Pennsylvania, a textile manufacturer and banker who had a distinctly conservative record in Congress. The couple had three children: David, Deborah, and Catharine. Staats was a member of the Cosmos and Chevy Chase Clubs and the Metropolitan Memorial United Methodist Church

masks:
Elmer Boyd Staats
) Staats
Elmer Boyd
Staats
Staats


texts:
 of Washington, DC. Academic background
Staats was valedictorian of the 1931 graduating class of Sylvia High School in Sylvia, Kansas. Staats attended McPherson College, operated by the Church of the Brethren in McPherson, Kansas, where he received a A.B.in 1935, graduating Phi Beta Kappa. He then went to the University of Kansas, where he received an M.A. in political science and economics in 1936. After this, he entered the University of Minnesota's doctoral program in political economy, earning his by a Ph.D. in 1939. Career in government service

Early public service
Staats first entered public service in 1936, after graduating with his master's degree from the University of Kansas, where he spent that summer as a research assistant for the Kansas Legislative Council of Topeka. He was a member of the staff of the Public Administration Service of Chicago from 1937 to 1938 while he was working on his doctorate at the University of Minnesota. He was a Fellow of the Brookings Institution in Washington from 1938 to 1939.Direct service to Presidents while at BOB and NSC from 1939 to 1966
Staats joined the Bureau of the Budget (now the OMB) during the administration of President Franklin Roosevelt and was employed by the BOB from 1939 to 1953. At BOB, he served in the Division of Administrative Management (1939–1943), in the War Agencies Section (1943–47), and as its chief (1945–1947). During World War II, Staats was responsible for organizing, financing, managing, and coordinating the principal civilian war agencies. After the war, Staats was promoted to assistant to the BOB director (1947), assistant director in charge of Legislative Reference (1947–1949), executive assistant director (1949–1950), and, following


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 appointment by President Harry Truman, to the deputy director of the agency (1950–1953). Staats left government service for a year after the Eisenhower presidential transition, and during most of 1953 he served as research director for Marshall Field & Company. He returned to government service when he was appointed by President Dwight Eisenhower to serve as Executive Officer of the Operations Coordinating Board of the National Security Council, which was responsible for coordinated implementation of US foreign policies and operations in foreign countries. Staats served from 1954 to 1958.In 1958, Staats returned to BOB and served as assistant director (September 1958-March 1959) before being reappointed deputy director by President Eisenhower (March 1959–61). Staats continued in the deputy director position under Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson. Comptroller General from 1966 to 1981
Staats left BOB to become the 5th Comptroller General of the United States in 1966. On February 11, 1966, President Johnson nominated Staats for the position of Comptroller General, which also involves serving as head of the GAO. The United States Senate Committee on Government Operations held a hearing on March 2, 1966 on Johnson's  nomination of Staats to be Comptroller General, endorsed it on the same date, and on March 4, 1966, the US Senate officially confirmed the nomination of Staats to become Comptroller General. Staats was sworn in as Comptroller General by President Johnson on March 8, 1966, at a ceremony at the White House. Staats served until his term, expired on March 3, 1981.As Comptroller General, Staats drew on his many years of government experience, including as a former Deputy Director of the Bureau of


texts: the Budget under Presidents Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson, as he led GAO during a period of change and national turmoil. In reflecting on Staats's tenure, a senior GAO manager referred to him in 1981 as "a pragmatic agent of good government," who viewed GAO's reports as "a way to achieve results rather than simply hitting someone over the head." Staats was a strong advocate of public service and constructive change, who worked to improve management throughout the government. Within GAO, he practiced a participatory management style, often relying on task forces to study job processes and organizational issues. Staats focused on improving GAO's internal planning processes and on expanding its work and issue areas to more effectively serve the Congress. Not only the Comptroller General broadened GAO's work but also he increased the agency's services to Congress. When Staats took charge of GAO in 1966, less than ten percent of the total effort of its professional staff went toward providing direct assistance to the Congress.By the time he left office in 1981, the number had risen to nearly 40 percent. Under Staats, GAO worked on a number of issues of great national importance. Before the Federal Elections Commission assumed oversight of campaign expenditures in 1974, GAO's Office of Federal Elections undertook a number of reviews, some of which touched on Watergate. GAO also did important work on energy issues, consumer protection, the economy, and New York City's fiscal crisis. As the Vietnam War intensified and defense spending rose, Staats in 1966 opened an office in Saigon, the capital of South Vietnam. GAO's auditors worked in the field as well as in Saigon. Some of the fieldwork was done under hazardous


texts: circumstances.In 1969, six auditors narrowly escaped injury during a rocket attack on the base at Da Nang, South Vietnam. GAO's Saigon office remained operational until the peace accords in 1973. During his tenure, Staats worked to improve governmental accountability. He revitalized GAO's work with the Joint Financial Management Improvement Program. Under Staats, GAO took a lead role in issuing auditing guidance. In 1970, the Bureau of the Budget and GAO agreed on the formation of a government auditing standards task force, which undertook a lengthy research and drafting process. As a result of the work of the task force, the Comptroller General issued in 1972 the first edition of the Standards for Audit of Governmental Organizations, Programs, Activities & Functions, which came to be known as the "Yellow Book."In later years, GAO gave the book a more concise title, Government Auditing Standards, and updated its guidance periodically. In addition to issuing guidance to help state and local auditors, the Comptroller General played a key role in establishing intergovernmental audit forums in the 1970s. As comptroller general, he served as the first chairman (1970–1981) of the Cost Accounting Standards Board, and as a member of a number of Presidential and Governmental Advisory Bodies, including the Commission on Government Procurement (1971–1973); President's Commission on Budget Concepts (1967–1968); Commission on Federal Paperwork (1976–1978); Treasury Department's Advisory Committee on Federal Consolidated Financial Statements (1976–1979); National Advisory Committee for the Work in America, Inc. (1979–1980); Chrysler Loan Guarantee Board (1980–1981); Board of Governors, International Organization of Supreme Audit


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 Institutions (1969–81), Technology Assessment Advisory Council (1972–1981); Joint Financial Management Improvement Program (1966–1981); and the President's Management Improvement Council (1979–80). GAO changed radically during the Staats period. These changes generally reflected the shift to program evaluation, the emergence of a host of new foreign and domestic problems, and Congress's increasing assertiveness in its relationships with the executive branch. Staats provided effective leadership as GAO strove to meet the new challenges, as he was widely respected in the Congress and in the government as a whole. Later life
After serving as Comptroller General, Staats became the president and later chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Harry S. Truman Scholarship Foundation until his death in 2011.Other professional activities and associations
In addition to his government service, Staats made contributions though his numerous professional activities and associations. Staats has held membership on the Board of Trustees of the National Institute of Public Affairs (1969–77) and the Public Administration Service, Chicago (1967–74). He was chairman of the Conference on the Public Service, Brookings Institution (1958–60), and during 1979-80 he was a member of the Committee for the National Congress on Church-Related Colleges and Universities. He also served on

 the Board of Directors of the Eisenhower Foundation;
 the Board of Trustees of the Kerr Foundation
 the Board of Trustees of the George C. Marshall Foundation; and
 the Board of Overseers of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. He also has served on the board of directors of several corporations. Over the years Staats has maintained a close relationship


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 with educational institutions. He has served as a lecturer at American University (1941–43) and George Washington University (1944–46).During the period 1947–53, he was on the Advisory Council of the Department of Politics at Princeton University. During 1974-80 he was on the Visiting Committee of the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. In addition, Staats served on the Board of Trustees of McPherson College (1969–79) and the American University (1966–80). He has also been a member of the visiting committees of several universities. Staats was an honorary member of the faculty of the Industrial College of the Armed Forces (1973; member, Board of Advisors 1974–77), and he has been a member of the Board of Visitors of the National Defense University since 1981. Staats has also been active in numerous professional organizations, including:
 The American Society for Public Administration (ASPA): Staats was a founding member of the organization in 1939, served  as president of ASPA's Washington, D.C. chapter (1948–49), and as ASPA's national president (1961–62) and vice president (1959–61). American Academy of Political and Social Science (AAPSS): Staats has been a member of the Board of Directors (1966–present).National Academy of Public Administration (NAPA): Staat was a founding member of the organization in 1967, and has served as a member of the NAPA Board of Trustees (1967–85; chairman, 1985). The Financial Accounting Standards Advisory Council (FASAC) member (1977–81)
 Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) member since its formation in 1984. He has also been active for many years in the Conference Board, the American Management Association (AMA), and the Association of Government


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 Accountants (AGA). Staats has written many articles for professional journals and has made numerous speeches to professional organizations. Stasts holds membership in Phi Beta Kappa (1936), Pi Sigma Alpha (1936), Beta Alpha Psi (1966), Alpha Kappa Psi (1971), and Beta Gamma Sigma (1973). Honors and awards
Staats held honorary degrees from eight universities and distinguished service awards from the University of Kansas and the University of Minnesota. Other honors include Phi Beta Kappa, Alpha Kappa Psi, the Rockefeller Public Service Award, the Productivity
Award of the American Productivity Center, the Medal of Honor of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, the Presidential Citizens Medal, the Hubert H. Humphrey Medal, and the Public Service Achievement Award of Common Cause.Staats also received the Public Service Medal of the Holland Society of New York, the Executive Government Award of the Opportunities Industrial Corporation of America, and the Public Service Award of the General Accounting Office. Staats was named an honorary member of the National Security Industrial Association and elected to the Accounting Hall of Fame in 1981. Among the many honors bestowed upon him were the Rockefeller Public Service Award (1961); Alumni Achievement Award, University of Minnesota (1964); Distinguished Service Citation, University of Kansas (1966); Distinguished Service Award, University of Hartford Center for Study of Professional Accounting (1973); Warner W. Stockberger Achievement Award (1973); Person of the Year Award, Washington Chapter of the Institute of Internal Auditors (1975); Abraham O. Smoot Public Service Award, Brigham Young University (1975); American Association for Budget and Program


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 Analysis Award (1976); Evaluation Research Society Federal Executive Award (1980); Productivity Award, American Productivity Center (1980); Medal of Honor, AICPA (1980); Engineer of the Year Award, San Fernando Valley Engineers Council (1980); and the Thurston Award, International Institute of Internal Auditors (1988). Staats was an honorary member of the International City Management Association (1976), Society of Manufacturing Engineers (1978), National Security Industrial Association (1981), and an honorary life member of the Municipal Finance Officers Association of the United States and Canada (1980). 435 no. 1, pp. 277-285 (Abstract only)
House Resolution (H.Res.805) commending <mask>. Staats on the occasion of the conclusion of his distinguished career of Federal service
GAO History 1921- 1991, Roger R. Trask, GAO History Program, Nov. 1991
Oral History Interviews with <mask><mask>, former Comptroller General of the United States, 1966-1981, Spring 1987
Three Generations of Comptrollers General By James L. Craig, Jr., CPA Journal, August 1999
GAO Press Release on the death of <mask>. Staats

Comptrollers General of the United States
University of Kansas alumni
University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts alumni
1914 births
2011 deaths
People from Morton County, Kansas
McPherson College

masks:
Elmer B
Elmer B
. Staats
Elmer B


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<mask> (;  born <mask>, 21 March 1763 – 14 November 1825) was a German Romantic writer, best known for his humorous novels and stories. Life and work
<mask> was born at Wunsiedel, in the Fichtelgebirge mountains (Franconia). His father was an organist at Wunsiedel. In 1765 his father became a pastor at Joditz near Hof and, in 1767 at Schwarzenbach, but he died on 25 April 1779, leaving the family in great poverty. Later in life, <mask> noted, "The words that a father speaks to his children in the privacy of home are not heard by the world, but as in whispering-galleries, they are clearly heard at the end and by posterity." After attending the Gymnasium at Hof, in 1781 <mask> went to the University of Leipzig. His original intention was to enter his father's profession, but theology did not interest him, and he soon devoted himself wholly to the study of literature.Unable to maintain himself at Leipzig he returned in 1784 to Hof, where he lived with his mother. From 1787 to 1789, he served as a tutor at Töpen, a village near Hof; and from 1790 to 1794, he taught the children of several families in a school he had founded in nearby Schwarzenbach. <mask> began his career as a man of letters with Grönländische Prozesse ("Greenland Lawsuits"), published anonymously in Berlin in 1783–84, and Auswahl aus des Teufels Papieren ("Selections from the Devil's Papers", signed J. P. F. Hasus), published in 1789. These works were not received with much favour, and in

masks:
Jean Paul
Johann Paul Friedrich Richter
Jean Paul
Jean Paul
Jean Paul
Jean Paul


texts: later life even their author had little sympathy for their satirical tone. <mask>'s outlook was profoundly altered by a spiritual crisis he suffered on 15 November 1790, in which he had a vision of his own death. His next book, Die unsichtbare Loge ("The Invisible Lodge"), a romance published in 1793 under the pen-name <mask> (in honour of <mask> Rousseau), had all the qualities that were soon to make him famous, and its power was immediately recognized by some of the best critics of the day. Encouraged by the reception of Die unsichtbare Loge, Richter composed a number of books in rapid succession: Leben des vergnügten Schulmeisterleins Maria Wutz in Auenthal ("Life of the Cheerful Schoolmaster Maria Wutz", 1793), the best-selling Hesperus (1795), which made him famous, Biographische Belustigungen unter der Gehirnschale einer Riesin ("Biographical Recreations under the Brainpan of a Giantess", 1796), Leben des Quintus Fixlein ("Life of Quintus Fixlein", 1796), Der Jubelsenior ("The Parson in Jubilee", 1797), and Das Kampaner Tal ("The Valley of Campan", 1797).Also among these was the novel Siebenkäs in 1796–97. Siebenkäs slightly supernatural theme, involving a Doppelgänger and pseudocide, stirred some controversy over its interpretation of the Resurrection, but these criticisms served only to draw awareness to the author. This series of writings assured Richter a place in German literature, and during the rest of his life every work he produced was

masks:
Jean Paul
Jean Paul
Jean Jacques


texts: welcomed by a wide circle of admirers. After his mother's death in 1797, Richter went to Leipzig, and in the following year, to Weimar, where he started work on his most ambitious novel, Titan, published between 1800 and 1803. Richter became friends with such Weimar notables as Johann Gottfried Herder, by whom he was warmly appreciated, but despite their close proximity, Richter never became close to Johann Wolfgang von Goethe or Friedrich Schiller, both of whom found his literary methods repugnant; but in Weimar, as elsewhere, his remarkable conversational powers and his genial manners made him a favorite in general society. The British writers Thomas Carlyle and Thomas De Quincey took an interest in <mask>'s work. In 1801, he married Caroline Meyer, whom he had met in Berlin the year before.They lived first at Meiningen, then at Coburg; and finally, in 1804, they settled at Bayreuth. Here Richter spent a quiet, simple, and happy life, constantly occupied with his work as a writer. In 1808 he was delivered from anxiety about outward necessities by Prince Primate Karl Theodor von Dalberg, who gave him an annual pension of 1,000 florins, which was later continued by the king of Bavaria. <mask>'s Titan was followed by Flegeljahre ("The Awkward Age", 1804–5). His later imaginative works were Dr Katzenbergers Badereise ("Dr Katzenberger's Trip to the Medicinal Springs", 1809), Des Feldpredigers Schmelzle Reise nach Flätz ("Army Chaplain Schmelzle's Voyage to

masks:
Jean Paul
Jean Paul


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 Flätz", 1809), Leben Fibels ("Life of Fibel", 1812), and Der Komet, oder Nikolaus Marggraf ("The Comet, or, Nikolaus Markgraf", 1820–22). In Vorschule der Aesthetik ("Introduction to Aesthetics", 1804) he expounded his ideas on art; he discussed the principles of education in Levana, oder Erziehungslehre ("Levana, or, Pedagogy", 1807); and the opinions suggested by current events he set forth in Friedenspredigt ("Peace Sermon", 1808), Dämmerungen für Deutschland ("Twilights for Germany", 1809), Mars und Phöbus Thronwechsel im Jahre 1814 ("Mars and Phoebus Exchange Thrones in the Year 1814", 1814), and Politische Fastenpredigten ("Political Lenten Sermons", 1817). In his last years he began Wahrheit aus <mask> Pauls Leben ("The Truth from <mask> Paul's Life"), to which additions from his papers and other sources were made after his death by C. Otto and E. Förster.Also during this time he supported the younger writer E. T. A. Hoffmann, who long counted Richter among his influences. Richter wrote the preface to Fantasy Pieces, a collection of Hoffmann's short stories published in 1814. In September 1821 <mask> lost his only son, Max, a youth of the highest promise; and he never quite recovered from this shock. He lost his sight in 1824, and died of dropsy at Bayreuth, on 14 November 1825. Characteristics of his work
<mask> occupies an unusual position in German literature and has always divided the literary public. Some hold him in highest veneration while

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Jean
Jean
Jean Paul
Jean Paul


texts: others treat his work with indifference. He took the Romantic formlessness of the novel to extremes: Schlegel called his novels soliloquies, in which he makes his readers take part (in this respect going even further than Laurence Sterne in Tristram Shandy).<mask> habitually played with a multitude of droll and bizarre ideas: his work is characterized by wild metaphors as well as by digressive and partly labyrinthine plots. He mixed contemplation with literary theory: alongside spirited irony the reader finds bitter satire and mild humour; next to soberly realistic passages there are romanticized and often ironically-curtailed idylls, social commentary and political statements. The quick changes of mood attracted the composer Schumann whose Papillons was inspired by <mask>. His novels were especially admired by women. This was due to the empathy with which <mask> created the female characters in his works: never before in German literature were women represented with such psychological depth. At the same time however, his work contains misogynistic quips. <mask>'s character may have been as diverse and as confusing as many of his novels: he was said to be very sociable and witty, while at the same time extremely sentimental: having an almost childlike nature, quickly moved to tears.It is obvious from his works that his interests encompassed not only literature but also astronomy and other sciences. It is no surprise that the relationship of so capricious

masks:
Jean Paul
Jean Paul
Jean Paul
Jean Paul


texts: an author with the Weimar classicists Goethe and Schiller always remained ambivalent: Schiller once remarked that <mask> was as alien to him as someone who fell from the moon, and that he might have been worthy of admiration "if he had made as good use of his riches as other men made of their poverty." Herder and Wieland on the other hand fully appreciated his work and supported him. Although he always kept his distance from the classicists, who wanted to "absolutize" art, and although his theoretical approach (most notably in his Introduction to Aesthetics) was considerably influenced by Romanticism, it would be misleading to call him a Romantic without qualification. Here too he kept his distance: with all his subjectivism he didn't absolutize the subject of the author as the Romantics often did. <mask> had what had become rare amidst classical severity and romantic irony: humour. He also was one of the first who approached humour from a theoretical standpoint.He thought that both the Enlightenment and metaphysics had failed, though they still held importance for his worldview. He arrived at a philosophy without illusions, and a state of humorous resignation. Correspondingly he was one of the first defenders of Schopenhauer's philosophy. He didn't try to indoctrinate but to portray human happiness, even (and especially) in an increasingly alienated environment — the rococo castles and bleak villages of Upper Franconia. <mask> was not only the first to

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Jean Paul
Jean Paul
Jean Paul


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 use and name the literary motif of the Doppelgänger, he also utilised it in countless variations (e.g. Siebenkäs and Leibgeber, Liane and Idoine, Roquairol and Albano). In his novel Siebenkäs he defines the Doppelgänger as the "people who see themselves."<mask> was a lifelong defender of freedom of the press and his campaigns against censorship went beyond many of his contemporaries. In his Freiheitsbüchlein (1805), he maintains that books belong to humanity and should have the chance to have an impact on all times, not just the present moment, and therefore preventing a book from being published renders the censor a judge not just for contemporary society but for all future societies. Censorship is not feasible because it would be impossible to find a person able to fulfill the true requirements of the office. After the great achievements of the eighteenth century, the prospect of complete freedom of opinion, speech, and printing was real. Even under the tightened conditions of the Napoleonic occupation, <mask> continued to speak out in favor of reason, as in his Friedens-Predigt an Deutschland (1808). The last section of his Politische Fastenpredigten (1816) contains a warning to rulers that minds cannot be controlled, and that police action will only cause them to eventually explode like a champagne bottle. Other
Rudolf Steiner edited a multi-volume collection of the works of <mask>.In published lectures, Steiner often mentioned the realization by the


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 7-year-old <mask> that he was an individual "Ego", expressed in <mask>'s surprise at understanding that "I am an I". Quotations
 The long sleep of death closes our scars, and the short sleep of life our wounds. (Der lange Schlaf des Todes schliesst unsere Narben zu, und der kurze des Lebens unsere Wunden, Hesperus, XX). Works

 Abelard und Heloise 1781
 Grönländische Prozesse 1783–1784
 Auswahl aus des Teufels Papieren 1789
 Leben des vergnügten Schulmeisterlein Maria Wutz in Auenthal. Eine Art Idylle 1790
 Die unsichtbare Loge 1793
 Hesperus 1795
 Biographische Belustigungen 1796
 Leben des Quintus Fixlein 1796
 Siebenkäs 1796
 Der Jubelsenior 1797
 Das Kampaner Tal 1797
 Konjekturalbiographie 1798
 Des Luftschiffers Giannozzo Seebuch 1801
 Titan 1800–03
 Vorschule der Aesthetik 1804
 Flegeljahre (unfinished) 1804–05
 [[Freiheitsbüchlein]] 1805
 Levana oder Erziehlehre 1807
 Dr. Katzenbergers Badereise 1809
 Des Feldpredigers Schmelzle Reise nach Flätz 1809
 Leben Fibels 1812
 Bemerkungen über uns närrische Menschen
 Clavis Fichtiana (see also Johann Gottlieb Fichte)
 Das heimliche Klaglied der jetzigen Männer
 Der Komet 1820–1822
 Der Maschinenmann
 Die wunderbare Gesellschaft in der Neujahrsnacht
 Freiheits-Büchlein
 Selberlebenbeschreibung posthum 1826
 Selina posthum 1827

English translations
Most of Richter's long novels were translated into English during the mid-nineteenth century. Several editions of translated passages from various works were

masks:
Jean Paul
Paul


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 also published:

 The Invisible Lodge, trans. Charles T. Brooks, New York: Holt 1883
 Maria Wutz (various editions)
 Maria Wuz, trans.Francis and Rose Storr, Maria Wuz and Lorenz Stark, London: Longmans, Green, & Co, 1881
 Maria Wutz, trans. John D. Grayson, 19th Century German Tales, ed. Angel Flores, 1959, reissued 1966
 Maria Wutz, trans. Erika Casey, The Jean Paul Reader, Johns Hopkins U, 1990
 Maria Wutz, trans. Francis and Rose Storr and Ruth Martin, Sublunary Editions, 2021
 Hesperus by Charles Brooks (1864)
 Quintus Fixlein, trans. Thomas Carlyle, 1827
 Siebenkäs (two editions)
 Flower, Fruit, and Thorn Pieces trans. Edward Henry Noel (Boston: Ticknor and Fields, 1863)
 Flower, Fruit, and Thorn Pieces trans.Alexander Ewing (1877)
 The Campaner Thal: or, Discourses on the Immortality of the Soul trans. Juliette Bauer (1848)
 Quintus Fixlein and Schmelzles Reise (1827), trans. Thomas Carlyle
 Titan by Charles Brooks (London: 1863; Boston: 1864)
 Horn of Oberon : <mask> Richter's School for Aesthetics trans. Margaret R Hale, Wayne State UP, 1973
 Walt and Vult [Flegeljahre] trans. Eliza Lee (1846)
 Army Chaplain Schmelzle's Journey (1827), by Thomas Carlyle
 Levana; or, the Doctrine of Education, trans. A.H (1848, 1863, 1884, 1886, 1890)
 The Death of an Angel & Other Pieces (1839)
 Reminiscences of the Best Hours of Life for the Hour of Death trans. Joseph Dowe (1841)

Musical reception (selection)

 Robert Schumann: Papillons pour le pianoforte


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 seul, 1832.Johann Friedrich Kittl: Wär’ ich ein Stern, 1838. Robert Schumann: Blumenstück, 1839. Carl Grünbaum: Lied (Es zieht in schöner Nacht der Sternenhimmel), 1840. Ernst Friedrich Kauffmann: Ständchen nach Jean Paul, 1848. Carl Reinecke: O wär’ ich ein Stern (from: Flegeljahre), 1850. Stephen Heller: Blumen-, Frucht- und Dornenstücke (Nuits blanches), 1850. Marta von Sabinin: O wär ich ein Stern, 1855.Ernst Methfessel: An Wina, 1866. Gustav Mahler: Sinfonie Nr. 1 in D-Dur (Titan), 1889. Ferdinand Heinrich Thieriot: Leben und Sterben des vergnügten Schulmeisterlein Wuz, 1900. Hugo Leichtentritt: Grabschrift des Zephyrs, 1910. Henri Sauguet: Polymetres, 1936. Eduard Künnecke: Flegeljahre, 1937.Karl Kraft: Fünf kleine Gesänge auf Verse des <mask> Paul für Singstimme und Klavier, 1960. Walter Zimmermann: Glockenspiel für einen Schlagzeuger, 1983. Wolfgang Rihm: Andere Schatten (from: Siebenkäs), 1985. Oskar Sala: Rede des toten Christus vom Weltgebäude herab, dass kein Gott sei, 1990. Iván Erőd: Blumenstück für Viola solo, 1995. Thomas Beimel: Idyllen, 1998/99. Christoph Weinhart: Albanos Traum, 2006.Georg Friedrich Haas: Blumenstück (from: Siebenkäs), 2009. Ludger Stühlmeyer: Zum Engel der letzten Stunde (from: Das Leben des Quintus Fixlein), 2013. Notes

References

Attribution

Further reading
 Fleming, <mask>. The Pleasures of Abandonment: <mask> and the Life of Humor. Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann, 2006. Nineteenth-century works on

masks:
Jean
Paul
Jean Paul


texts:
 <mask>
Richter's Sämtliche Werke (Complete Works) appeared in 1826–1828 in 60 volumes, to which were added 5 volumes of Literarischer Nachlass (literary bequest) in 1836–1838; a second edition was published in 1840–1842 (33 volumes); a third in 1860–1862 (24 volumes). The last complete edition is that edited by R. Gottschall (60 parts, 1879).Editions of selected works appeared in 16 volumes (1865), in Kürschner's Deutsche Nationalliteratur (edited by P. Nerrlich, 6 vols, pp. 388–487), &c. The chief collections of Richter's correspondence are:
 <mask>s Briefe an F. H. Jacobi (1828)
 Briefwechsel Jean Pauls mit seinem Freunde C. Otto (1829–33)
 Briefwechsel zwischen H. Voss und <mask> (1833)
 Briefe an eine Jugendfreundin (1858)
 P. Nerrlich, <mask>s Briefwechsel mit seiner Frau und seinem Freunde Otto (1902). See further:
 The continuation of Richter's autobiography by C. Otto and E. Fürster (1826–33)
 H. Dring, J. P. F. Richter's Leben und Charakteristik (1830–32)
 Richard Otto Spazier, JPF Richter: ein biographischer Commentar zu dessen Werken (5 vols, 1833)
 E. Förster, Denkwürdigkeiten aus dem Leben von J. P. F. Richter (1863)
 <mask>ich, <mask> und seine Zeitgenossen (1876)
 J. Firmery, Étude sur la vie et les œuvres de J. P. F. Richter (1886)
 P. Nerrlich, <mask>, sein Leben und seine Werke (1889)
 Ferdinand Josef Schneider, <mask>s Altersdichtung (1901); and <mask>s Jugend und erstes Auftreten in der Literatur (1906). Thomas Carlyle's two essays on

masks:
Jean Paul
Jean Paul
Jean Paul
Jean Paul
Paul Nerrl
Jean Paul
Jean Paul
Jean Paul
Jean Paul


texts:
 Richter. External links

 Jean Paul's works at Projekt Gutenberg-DE (in German)

1763 births
1825 deaths
People from Wunsiedel
People from the Principality of Bayreuth
18th-century German novelists
19th-century German novelists
German male novelists
Writers from Bavaria
19th-century German male writers
Blind people from Germany
Deaths from edema
18th-century German male


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<mask><mask> (born November 26, 1977) is an American attorney and politician, who served as a member of the Ohio Senate from 2011 to 2020. He also served as the President of the Senate from 2017 to 2020. Early life and education
<mask> was born on November 26, 1977 in Ashtabula, Ohio. He received a bachelor's degree from The Ohio State University and a law degree from Yale Law School. Career
<mask> is an attorney with the law firm Squire Patton Boggs in Columbus, Ohio, where he practices complex civil litigation and appellate litigation. He has also taught as an adjunct law professor at Case Western Reserve University School of Law and has written about federalism and the separation of powers. <mask> is a former board member of the Ohio Legal Assistance Foundation and the Ohio Criminal Sentencing Commission.He serves on the board of the Columbus chapter of the Federalist Society. His legal philosophy has been described as “textualist in the mold of former Supreme Court of the United States Justice Antonin Scalia.”

Ohio Senate
In early-2011, <mask> was appointed to fill a vacancy in the Ohio Senate created by Bob Gibbs' 2010 election to the United States House of Representatives. <mask> was one of eleven who sought the appointment to fill out the remainder of Gibbs' term. <mask> ran for a complete term for his seat in the 2012 general election, defeating James Riley with 60% of the vote. <mask> ran for re-election in 2016, defeating Janet Porter in the primary election with roughly 66% of the vote, and defeating Chris King in the general election with 70% of the vote. Legislation

As a member of the Ohio Senate, <mask> has sponsored and supported legislation on a wide range of issues including education, civil and criminal law, election administration, and taxation. Among other accomplishments, <mask> sponsored the "Founding

masks:
Larry J
. Obhof
Larry Obhof
Obhof
Obhof
Obhof
Obhof
Obhof
Obhof
Obhof
Obhof


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 Documents Bill."The bill requires the study of historically significant documents, including the primary texts of the Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution, as part of Ohio students' history and government curricula. <mask> has also passed legislation to modernize Ohio's elections system by using improved technologies such as electronic poll-books; to update Ohio's tax code and save taxpayers millions of dollars by protecting their ability to claim certain credits or deductions; to cut the filing fee for starting a new business by 21%; and to give state law enforcement greater ability to investigate and prosecute money laundering. In early 2018, <mask> was credited by activists and leaders in both major parties with negotiating a historic, bipartisan reform of Ohio's process for drawing Congressional districts. The Cleveland Plain Dealer has noted that <mask> is "instrumental in passing key bills" and that he stands out "for notching legislative victories." <mask>'s politics are decidedly conservative – on multiple occasions he has earned a perfect score in the American Conservative Union's state legislative rankings. However, <mask> has also earned "a reputation as a lawmaker with a willingness to work across party lines." He is currently a Rodel Fellow at the Aspen Institute, a program designed to bring greater civility to public discourse.For example, in June 2019 he secured a rare unanimous
budget vote (33-0) for a biennial budget that included $700 million in tax cuts and expanded school
choice programs. Leadership and Senate Presidency

<mask> was selected by his colleagues to serve as Majority Whip for both the 130th General Assembly (2013–2014) and the 131st General Assembly (2015–2016). In early 2016, <mask>'s colleagues elected him to serve as President Pro Tempore — the Senate's

masks: Obhof Obhof Obhof Obhof Obhof Obhof Obhof


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 second-highest ranking position. He had previously served as the Senate’s President Pro Tempore and as Majority Whip. Following his landslide 2016 re-election, <mask>'s colleagues selected him to serve as Senate President, the presiding officer of the 33-member chamber. He is the youngest person to lead the Senate since the position of Senate President was created in 1979, and is the first Senate leader from Medina County since the 1860s. As the presiding officer of the 33-member Senate, <mask> is responsible for leading the Senate's Majority Caucus as it sets its policy agenda.He is also responsible for the formal organization of the chamber, including recognizing members in debate, preserving order and decorum, calling for votes and signing all acts. In his capacity as Senate President, <mask> has also served as chair of the Joint Legislative Ethics Committee and the non-partisan Legislative Service Commission. He also serves (by federal appointment) on the Intergovernmental Policy Advisory Committee on Trade (IGPAC), which provides advice to the U.S. Trade Representative on issues involving trade and development. Under <mask>’s leadership, the Ohio Senate has strengthened its position relative to the other branches of government. <mask> has led the Senate to override gubernatorial vetoes on nine occasions, after only one veto override in the prior four decades. Discussing these overrides, <mask> told the press that the executive branch had taken on responsibilities that should belong to the legislature, and that “we are starting to take some of those back." Awards and Other Recognition

During his time in the Senate, <mask> has received numerous honors or awards in recognition of his legislative efforts, including several "Legislator of the Year" awards.Among others, these include being named Watchdog of the Treasury by


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 the United Conservatives of Ohio and a Friend of Agriculture by the Ohio Farm Bureau Federation. <mask> received the "Freedom Award" from the Ohio Christian Alliance in 2012, and he was named "Friend of the Family" by the Christian Coalition in 2016. In 2014, Senator <mask> was named Legislator of the Year by the Public Children Services Association of Ohio, for his work on child protection issues. In 2017, <mask> received the "Lay the Groundwork" Award from Groundwork Ohio for his efforts on early childhood care and education issues. <mask> was named Guardian of Small Business by the National Federation of Independent Business (in 2013) and received the Outstanding Legislator Award from the Ohio Society of CPAs (in 2015) in recognition of his efforts to improve Ohio's economy. Likewise, the Greater Cleveland Partnership (GCP) and its small business division, the Council of Smaller Enterprises (COSE), named <mask> their 2016 Small Business Advocate of the Year. In 2018, <mask> received the Ohio Bar Association's Lawyer-Legislator Distinguished Service Award.Among other reasons, the Bar Association cited <mask>'s work on a comprehensive update to the Ohio's general corporation law and its statutes governing LLCs, as well as his support for legal aid and indigent defense. <mask> is a contributor to The Daily Caller, where he has written about a range of topics including judicial nominations, trade issues, health care and the Second Amendment. Personal life
<mask> is married, has three children, and lives in Montville Township, Medina County, Ohio. References

External links
The Ohio Senate: Senator <mask> (R) - District 22

1977 births
21st-century American politicians
Living people
Ohio Republicans
Ohio state senators
Ohio State University alumni
People from Medina, Ohio
Politicians from Ashtabula, Ohio
Presidents of the Ohio

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<mask> (died 731) was the ninth Archbishop of Canterbury in England. Documentary evidence names <mask> as abbot at Reculver before his election as archbishop. <mask> begins the first continuous series of native-born Archbishops of Canterbury, although there had been previous Anglo-Saxon archbishops, they had not succeeded each other until <mask>'s reign. <mask>'s period as archbishop coincided with the end of Wilfrid's long struggle to regain the Bishopric of York, and the two-year delay between Theodore's death and <mask>'s election may have been due to efforts to select Wilfrid for Canterbury. After his election, <mask> went to Gaul for consecration and then presided over two councils that attempted to settle the Wilfrid issue, finally succeeding at the second council in 705. <mask> also was the recipient of the first surviving letter close in Western Europe. Early life

Little is known of <mask>'s ancestry or his early life, but he was born around the middle of the seventh century.By 679, he was made abbot of the monastery at Reculver in Kent, and a charter dated May 679 names <mask> as abbot. This charter, from Hlothere, King of Kent, is the earliest surviving original Anglo-Saxon charter. Election as archbishop

The see of Canterbury was vacant for two years after the death of Theodore before <mask> was elected to the office on 1 July 692. The long vacancy resulted from the disturbed conditions in the kingdom of Kent at the time, as various kings fought for control. The succession to the kingdom was disputed between rival claimants Oswine and Wihtred, and various outside kings, including Caedwalla and Swaefheard raided and plundered Kent. Eventually, Wihtred secured the throne, around 691 or early 692, as Bede names Wihtred as King of Kent, along with Swaefheard, at the time of <mask>'s election. Swaerfheard, however, is not named as king of Kent after this date.The vacancy may

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 also have occurred because Wilfrid, who was at that point having problems in Northumbria, desired to become Archbishop of Canterbury. A contemporary biographer of Wilfrid, Stephen of Ripon, says that Theodore had wished for Wilfrid to succeed Theodore at Canterbury. Æthelred of Mercia may have supported Wilfrid's translation to Canterbury also, but despite these desires, the translation did not happen. <mask> was consecrated on 29 June 693, having travelled to France for his consecration as archbishop of Canterbury by Godwin, Archbishop of Lyon. <mask> went to the continent for consecration probably because he feared that his election was not supported by all of the kings and bishops. After his consecration, <mask> travelled to Rome to obtain the support of Pope Sergius I, who wrote to a number of Anglo-Saxon kings and bishops in support of the archbishop. Two of these letters survive, and their authenticity has been doubted, mainly because they are only preserved as part of the post-Norman Conquest Canterbury-York dispute.Historians have since come to regard the two letters as genuine. Sergius also gave Berhtwald a pallium, the symbol of an archbishop's authority. Archbishop

<mask> appears to have been involved in the governance of the church, establishing the bishopric of Sherborne in Wessex and it was during his tenure that Sussex, the last pagan kingdom in England, was converted to Christianity. He also consecrated the first Bishop of Selsey. During his time in office, King Wihtred of Kent in the Law of Wihtred exempted the church from taxation. <mask> was a proponent of his predecessor's view of the archbishops of Canterbury as primates of the entire island of Britain. <mask> co-operated closely with Wihtred in the kingdom, and secured the exemption of the church from taxation under Wihtred's laws issued in 695.The law code also dealt with other ecclesiastical matters,

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texts: including marriage, Sunday observance, and pagan worship. This law code resulted from a royal council that was held at Bearsted. Further privileges for the church were issued in 699, and may have been composed by <mask> before being promulgated. Another privilege, usually referred to as the "Privilege of Wihtred", is claimed to be a grant from Wihtred to the monasteries of Kent of exemption from non-clerical control. However, this is actually a ninth-century forgery. Much of <mask>'s time in office coincided with the efforts of Wilfrid to regain the see of York, and to reverse the division of York into smaller dioceses. <mask> was opposed to Wilfrid's desire to restore some separated bishoprics to the bishopric of York as well as regaining his old see.Wilfrid's problems had begun during the archbishopric of Berhtwald's predecessor, Theodore of Tarsus, when Wilfrid had quarreled with the King of Northumbria, Ecgfrith, and was expelled from the north. Theodore had taken the opportunity to divide the large see of York into a number of smaller dioceses, and Wilfrid had appealed to the papacy in Rome. <mask> inherited the dispute and presided at the Council of Austerfield in 702, at which Wilfrid's biographer relates the story that King Aldfrith of Northumbria, <mask>, and the other enemies of Wilfrid conspired to deprive Wilfrid of all his offices and possessions. A more likely story is that Berhtwald managed to secure concessions from the Northumbrians, and tried to broker a compromise. The offer in the end was that Wilfrid would retire to Ripon and cease acting as a bishop. Wilfrid rejected this compromise and once more appealed to the pope. Three years later, at a further Council, it was arranged that Wilfrid should receive the Bishopric of Hexham in place of that of York.This was the Council of Nidd, usually dated to 706, and it was held in Northumbria. Bede also mentions that

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 <mask> consecrated a number of bishops, including Tobias as Bishop of Rochester. One of <mask>'s letters has been preserved, sent to Forthhere, Bishop of Sherborne, and asking Forthhere to intercede with Beorwold, the Abbot of Glastonbury, to ransom a slave. Another letter, this one addressed to <mask>, from Waldhere, Bishop of London, also survives. The main interest in the second letter is that it is the oldest surviving letter close in Western Europe. This second letter also relates that Waldhere and Berhtwald had attended a synod which can be dated to sometime between 703 and 705, where the kingdom of Wessex was threatened with excommunication. A charter witnessed by Berhtwald which mentions a supposed 706 council, numbered 54 by Sawyer, is now known to be a fake, although the witness list may be based on a legitimate 8th century charter that no longer survives.Likewise, a charter with <mask> as a witness and relating to the 716 Council of Clofesho is also known to be a 9th-century forgery, although again it may have been based on actual documents from the council. Death and legacy

<mask> died on 13 January 731. An epitaph to him in verse survives, and may have been placed over his tomb, which was at Canterbury. Subsequently he was canonised with a feast day of 9 January. Little evidence of extensive cult activity exists, however, and the main evidence for his sainthood is a late medieval entry in a St Augustine's calendar. <mask> is the first of the continuous series of native-born archbishops in England, although there had been two previous Anglo-Saxon archbishops at Canterbury—Deusdedit and Wighard. Notes

Citations

References

External links

731 deaths
West Saxon saints
Kentish saints
Archbishops of Canterbury
7th-century archbishops
8th-century archbishops
7th-century Christian saints
Year of birth unknown
8th-century Latin writers
8th-century English writers
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<mask> (1 November 1858 in Neiße – 15 February 1928 in Lübeck) was a Prussian explorer and officer, later General of Infantry during World War I. He was a recipient of Pour le Mérite with Oak Leaves. Explorer in Cameroon

<mask> was stationed in German Kamerun and undertook two research journeys to central Cameroon in 1889 and from 1890 to 1891. After the expeditions, <mask> returned to Germany but in 1894 he was tasked with the formation of the Kamerun Schutztruppe. He also led two military expeditions against the Abo north of Douala and the Kwe (Bakwiri) near Mount Cameroon. The Middle East
In 1896-97, he followed as military observer the English Dongola-Expedition against the  Mahdists. In 1897, he became Military Attaché in Istanbul.He followed as observer the Greco-Turkish War (1897) and prepared the visit of Kaiser William II to Palestine in 1898. Military service in Germany
On 27 January 1912, he was promoted to Generalmajor and assigned as commander of the 81st Infantry Brigade  in Lübeck. On 9 August 1913, when the emperor visited the town, he reported to him. World War I
On mobilisation for World War I in August 1914, he became commander of the 3rd Reserve Division from Danzig, and promoted to Generalleutnant on the 19th of that month. He commanded this division as part of the 8th Army in the pivotal Battle of Tannenberg at the opening of the war on the Eastern Front, and at the subsequent First Battle of the Masurian Lakes. For his performance in this period, he was awarded the Pour le Mérite on 1 December 1914. On 24 November 1914, he took over command of I Reserve Corps from <mask> Below.He led this Corps for almost the entire war, only swapping places with Richard

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 Wellman in command of XIV Reserve Corps in August 1918. With the I Reserve Corps, he fought in the Battle of Łódź (1914) and in the Romanian campaign (1916-1917) in which he failed to achieve a decisive breakthrough after being defeated by the Romanians at Dragoslavele, 8 miles from the town of Câmpulung. <mask> argued that much more of the Romanian Army could have been captured if a breakthrough would have been achieved at Câmpulung. He insisted that this would have achieved "a real victory, a Cannae, a Tannenberg". He was awarded the Oakleaves to the Pour le Mérite (signifying a second award) on 11 December 1916. Later life
After his retirement he became General of Infanterie and returned to Lübeck. Family
His son Heinrich-Joachim <mask> (1902–1932) was an early German race car driver.His daughter Elizabeth married in 1923 the aircraft designer Anthony Fokker (1890-1939). Etablierung und Institutionalisierung des kolonialen Gewaltmonopols 1891–1914, Göttingen 2007
+ Rangliste der Königlich Preußischen Armee und des XIII. (Königlich Württembergischen) Armeekorps für 1914, Hrsg. : Kriegsministerium, Ernst Siegfried Mittler & Sohn, Berlin 1914, S.82
 Lübecker General-Anzeiger, Obituary in the Newspaper from Lübeck of 16th, 21 and 22 February 1928
« Reisen im Hinterlande von Kamerun 1889/91 » in Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin 1891, cahier 7. Durch Kamerun von Süd nach Nord. Reisen und Forschungen im Hinterlande 1889 bis 1891, F. A. Brockhaus, 1893, 451 p. [lire en ligne [archive]]. À travers le Cameroun du Sud au Nord : voyages et explorations dans l'arrière pays de 1889 à 1891 (traduction, présentation, commentaire et bibliographie de Philippe Laburthe-Tolra),

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 Université Fédérale du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Université de Haute-Bretagne, Rennes, 1971-1974, 2 vol.(XVIII-375 p.-19 p. de pl. ), compte-rendu de Thierno Mouctar Bah (Université de Yaoundé), in Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer, 1984, vol. 71, no 262, p. 106-107, [lire en ligne [archive]]
Kriegs- und Expeditionsführung in Afrika, Berlin, 1893
Zeitskizzen, Berlin, 1919. Meiner Truppen Heldenkämpfe, Berlin, 1920. Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en allemand intitulé « <mask> <mask> » (voir la liste des auteurs). (de) Florian Hoffmann, Okkupation und Militärverwaltung in Kamerun. Etablierung und Institutionalisierung des kolonialen Gewaltmonopols 1891–1914, Göttingen, 2007, 433 p. ().(en) « Kurt von Morgen » [archive], sur La machine prussienne (consulté le 19 août 2015). Notices d'autoritéVoir et modifier les données sur Wikidata : Fichier d’autorité international virtuel • International Standard Name Identifier • Bibliothèque nationale de France (données) • Système universitaire de documentation • Bibliothèque du Congrès • Gemeinsame Normdatei • WorldCat

1858 births
1928 deaths
People from Nysa, Poland
People from the Province of Silesia
German Army generals of World War I
Generals of Infantry (Prussia)
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)
Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 1st class
Commanders of the Order of Orange-Nassau
Grand Officers of the Order of Military Merit (Bulgaria)
Commanders of the Order of the Crown (Romania)
Recipients of the Gold Imtiyaz Medal
Recipients of the Order of the Medjidie, 2nd class
Recipients of the Hanseatic Cross (Lübeck)
Recipients of the Gold Liakat Medal
German colonial people in

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Warwick Alan "<mask>" <mask> (3 January 1956 – 6 May 1996) was an English guitarist. He founded the band that went on to become the Sex Pistols. Early life
<mask> was born in West Kensington, London. He attended Christopher Wren Boys' School, in Shepherd's Bush, where he met Paul Cook and Steve Jones, who were also pupils. The Strand and The Swankers
In 1972, at the end of their school years, <mask> told Cook and Jones they should start a band. The three called themselves The Strand, after Roxy Music's song "Do the Strand"; Jones was the singer, <mask> played guitar, and Cook was the drummer. Jones and <mask> stole high-quality instruments and equipment from professional headline musical acts (including Bob Marley, Rod Stewart, and David Bowie) by breaking into venues where they were due to perform.The band began rehearsing at <mask>'s home in East Acton during the day when his parents were out at work. They soon added Del Noones (Paul Cook's brother-in-law) as a bassist, as well as a couple of Steve Jones's friends from Christopher Wren Boys' School, Steve Hayes and Jimmy Macken. They briefly had a conga player named Cecil as well. By late 1974, the band had begun rehearsing at one of the sound stages of Riverside Studios where <mask>'s father was working. Noones was fired from the band for not attending rehearsals; he was replaced by Glen Matlock, a part-time shop assistant at Malcolm McLaren's clothing shop, where Jones and Cook had begun socialising. During this period <mask> wrote the music for "Did You No Wrong", a song which eventually became the B-side of the Sex Pistols' single "God Save the Queen". By this time, Bernie Rhodes had shown an interest in managing the band (which was now called The Swankers), but their only public performance was in early 1975 at a birthday party for one of Cook's friends in Chelsea.At the short three-song gig, the line-up consisted of Jones on vocals, <mask> on guitar, Matlock on bass and Cook on drums. Jones, who was impressed by McLaren's prior

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 involvement with the New York Dolls, repeatedly requested that McLaren become the band's manager, and in mid-1975 he agreed. However, McLaren thought <mask> did not fit the image of the band he had in mind, and told Jones and Cook he would only manage them if they fired <mask>. Jones, who did not feel comfortable in the singer's role, had been covertly working hard for several months to learn to play guitar. <mask> was informed that he was being fired upon his arrival for a rehearsal. The Sex Pistols
With Nightingale gone, the band changed its name to QT Jones & his Sex Pistols at McLaren's suggestion, but the name was soon shortened to The Sex Pistols. McLaren began looking for a new singer, and settled on John Lydon, who frequently hung around his shop.The Sex Pistols played their first gig on 6 November 1975, six months after <mask>'s departure. In a later interview <mask> recalled watching them perform at the 100 Club in Oxford Street, commenting that his old bandmates Jones and Cook: "wouldn't even talk to me. In hindsight I suppose I'm proud to have been involved in the punk scene, though I don't go around telling everyone of it. After I left (the band) Steve and the others slagged me off in the music press really badly. I never really knew why, I never did them any harm." However, with regard to his views in retrospect on McLaren's part in removing him from the band, in the same interview <mask> stated: "McLaren was devious and clever. He'd see things which other people didn't see, and I suppose that's what gave him his edge.Malcolm made the Sex Pistols." Later life
After being forced out of the band, <mask> continued to pursue a music career, but with limited success. He co-founded a band named Key West in 1981, and a demo of four songs written by <mask> and Ron Evans was submitted to Warner Bros. Records, who initially showed interest. The band performed shows, had an MTV video filmed and aired, and recorded some demos at Fastbuck Studios in Chiswick. Key West ultimately

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 failed to earn a recording contract and disbanded after two years. After his father's death in 1981, <mask> developed an addiction to narcotics, and was subsequently imprisoned in the early 1980s for six months for a conviction associated with it. <mask>'s subsequent public musical appearances were rare and sporadic.He appeared as a one-off guest guitarist with the Brentwood punk rock band Beat of the Beast in 1989. In November 1995 he played guitar on the song "Rich Girls" on Mat Sargent's Sex, Drugs & HIV album. During the same month he also performed live with the HIV charity awareness project band the Rock'n'Roll Gypsies. <mask> died on 6 May 1996, of a drug-related illness at the age of 40. Song writing credits
The band that went on to become the Sex Pistols played mainly cover versions of other bands' work, and wrote only two original songs before the arrival of Glen Matlock and John Lydon. One was called "Scarface" (with music by <mask> and lyrics written by <mask>'s father, according to Glen Matlock) which was never released. The other song was "Did You No Wrong", for which <mask> composed the music and Jones wrote the original lyrics.Jones' lyrics to the latter song were subsequently rewritten by John Lydon in 1977, but <mask>'s musical arrangement remained unchanged, and the song was commercially released as the b-side to the Sex Pistols' second single “God Save The Queen”. It was later included on the compilation album Flogging a Dead Horse, and was regularly performed live by the band during their reunion tours in the 1990s and 2000s. Performing Rights societies databases recognise <mask> as the song's co-author, with Cook, Jones, Lydon and Matlock. References

1956 births
1996 deaths
Sex Pistols
Drug-related deaths in England
20th-century English musicians
English punk rock guitarists
English male guitarists
Sex Pistols members
People from Kensington
Musicians from London
English electricians
Lead guitarists
20th-century British guitarists
20th-century British male

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<mask> (born 10 July 1947) is an Indian American physician and anesthesiologist specializing in interventional pain management, professor, philanthropist, and author. He is the founder of the American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians (ASIPP), the Society of Interventional Pain Management Surgery Centers (SIPMS), the Pain Physician,  and the Pain Medicine Case Reports medical journals. He has been credited with advancing the evolution and development of interventional pain management as a specialty. Interventional pain management was recognized as a specialty in 2002 by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. In March, 2005 interventional pain management was provided with mandatory representation on the Medicare Carrier Advisory Committee. <mask> has served as clinical professor of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine at the University of Louisville School of Medicine since 2012 and professor of Anesthesiology-Research at the Louisiana State University School of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans and Shreveport, LA, since 2017. He has served as chairman of the board and chief executive officer of ASIPP since 1998.He has been Medical Director of the Pain Management Centers of Paducah, Kentucky and Marion, Illinois and the Ambulatory Surgery Center in Paducah, Kentucky since 1992. He co-founded a multistate national company, Pain Management Centers of America (PMCOA), in 2019 with Mahendra Sanapati, MD. Personal background
<mask> <mask> was born on 10 July 1947, in Bodangparthy, Princely state of Hyderabad of British India (Now Telangana, India). He is the son of <mask> Yadagiry and <mask> Laxmamma. He is the oldest child of the family, with three brothers and four sisters. After early education in Bodangparthy, Pullemla, and Munugode of Nalgonda District, Manchikanti

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 graduated from higher secondary school in Hyderabad in Telangana. On 4 June 1975, he married Chandrakala, the daughter of Pampati Pedda Hanumanthu and Manikyamma.They have three children; Anupama M. Gomez, Sunil <mask>, and Kavita <mask>, MD. Education and certification
He attended medical school at Gandhi Medical College, Osmania University, graduating in 1972. He obtained his medical degree in 1973, following a one-year flexible internship. He completed his senior internship in internal medicine at Gandhi Hospital in Secunderabad from 1973-1974. In 1974, he began a two-year residency in anesthesiology at Osmania University, after which he received Diplomate Certification in Anesthesiology. After his arrival in the United States, Manchikanti completed a one-year residency in anesthesiology with the Youngstown Hospital Association, affiliated with the Northeast Ohio Medical University, formerly known as the Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine. This was followed by a one-year residency in anesthesiology with the Allegheny General Hospital in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.In 1980, he completed a fellowship in anesthesiology and critical care medicine at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. In 1980, he earned Diplomate Certification from the American Board of Anesthesiology. He also holds subspecialty certifications from the World Institute of Pain (Fellow of Interventional Pain Practice, 2002); American Board of Interventional Pain Physicians (Diplomate, 2006-recertified in 2015); and the American Board of Anesthesiology (Subspecialty Certification in Pain Medicine, 1993—recertified in 2003 and 2011). Academic career
In 1980, Manchikanti joined an anesthesiology practice at Lourdes Hospital in Paducah, Kentucky. In 1988, he began devoting his practice to interventional pain

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 management and established the Pain Management Center of Paducah, Kentucky followed in 1996 by the Pain Management Center of Marion, Illinois. Since 1998, with the formation of ASIPP, and subsequently SIPMS, he has been instrumental in developing evidence-based interventional pain management techniques and advocating for accountable care. Professional affiliations
Manchikanti is the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of the American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians, as well as the Society of Interventional Pain Management Surgery Centers.He is also a member of the Kentucky Carrier Advisory Committee and the Kentucky All Schedule Prescription Electronic Reporting Task Force, also known as KASPER. He has also led the effort to establish the National All Schedules Prescription Electronic Reporting (NASPER) Act, which is designed to help with the prescription drug abuse problem by having a central reporting system for doctors and pharmacists to keep track of these prescriptions. In 2005, NASPER was enacted into law, with all US states creating their own prescription drug monitoring programs. ASIPP is honoring Dr. Manchikanti by dedication of Manchikanti Distinguished Lecture at all annual meetings. Board memberships
 Celerian Group Company Carrier Advisory Committee
 House of Delegates of the American Medical Association
 American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians – Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer (since 2004)
 Licensure Board of the Kentucky Board of Medical Licensure (2002–2007)
 Medicare Coverage Advisory Committee (2005–2007)
 Murray State University Board of Regents (2007–2010)

Philanthropy
In 1999, Manchikanti established the MGM Trust, which provides educational scholarships in the US and India. The first school that was built under the MGM Trust


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 was the Manchikanti Gopamma Memorial Zilla parishad Primary and High School, located in Bodangparthy. The Manchikanti Yadagiry Junior College was established in 2008, serving secondary school students.By the conclusion of the 2016 academic year, the student body of both schools had increased to approximately 1,400, with 70 teachers and 20 non-teaching staff. These activities are now provided by the Lions Club of Hyderabad-Bodangiparthy - Chandrakala & Laxmaiah Manchikanti Foundation. Manchikanti has sponsored the Gandhi Medical College Alumni Education Center, located in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. In his honor, the auditorium was named the <mask> <mask>wara temple in Bodangparthy. In his honor, the McCracken County High School in Kentucky named the school's library "The Manchikanti Library". In his honor, the Murray State University Paducah Regional Campus in Kentucky named a classroom and laboratory the "Dr. <mask> Manchikanti Classroom and Laboratory."Published works
He has written and edited twelve books including the most recent, Essentials of Interventional Techniques in Managing Chronic Pain, published 4 Jan 2018. He has also written over 500 articles listed in the index medicus (PubMed) of the United States National Library of Medicine. In addition to articles based on his randomized trials and clinical research of interventional pain management techniques, he has provided analysis of public health policy. Additional topics he has written on include medical coding, compliance, practice management, and the deleterious effects of prescription opioids with their overuse, misuse, abuse, and diversion. ; </ref>

References

External links

 http://www.painphysicianjournal.com

Indian anesthesiologists
Living people
1947 births
Medical doctors from Hyderabad, India
20th-century Indian medical

masks: Manchikanti Laxmaiahenes Laxmaiah