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<mask> (31 January 1912 – 23 February 1964) was a New Zealand-born linguist, soldier, diplomat and university lecturer and professor who has been accused of being a KGB agent. Early life
<mask> was born in Auckland, the second son of what was to become a family of six children. His father Christopher had been born in Dublin in 1867 and gone to Australia, probably in 1887, where he met and married in 1905 Mary Woods, born in Melbourne in 1885. She was the daughter of Irish-born <mask> and Elizabeth Woods, whose family in County Kilkenny in Ireland <mask> later visited frequently. After they were married Christopher and Mary went to Auckland, where he became a grocer and the family lived over or behind the various shops he ran until his death in 1923. Most of these were in the middle-class suburb of Devonport, where <mask> started school at the local Catholic school. He later transferred to Ponsonby school, possibly because the scholarship he sought was available only to children at state schools.In any event he won the scholarship and went to Auckland Grammar School and passed his university entrance examination in 1927, aged only 15. From 1928 until 1931, on more scholarships, he attended the Auckland University College of the University of New Zealand, completing his BA in 1930 and MA in 1931 with first class honours in Greek and Latin. Cambridge

In 1932 <mask> was awarded a postgraduate arts scholarship and went to Cambridge, where he attended Trinity College until 1934, graduating with first class honours in the classical tripos. He was elected a scholar of Trinity and won a research studentship for a year at the British School at Athens. Already fluent in French, German, Italian, Spanish and Greek, he would later learn Gaelic, Russian and Persian. In 1935 <mask> was a senior research scholar at Trinity, and married Bella (Bil) Lerner, the London-born daughter of  a Jewish family with

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Desmond Patrick Costello
Costello
Patrick
Paddy Costello
Costello
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Costello


type: original

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 Ukrainian origins. They were to have five children.She was already a member of the Communist Party, and <mask> too joined while at Cambridge, probably under the influence of contemporaries such as James Klugmann and John Cornford, both prominent members of the Party and leading lights in the Cambridge University Socialist Society, where fellow-members included Kim Philby, Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean. <mask> later claimed to have resigned from the Party before the war. Exeter and the New Zealand Army

<mask> was in 1936 appointed lecturer in classics at the University College of the South West, Exeter, a position from which he was dismissed in 1940 because of his left-wing political activities and his associations with a student who had been convicted of an offence under the Official Secrets Act. He then enlisted in 2nd New Zealand Division, and in the following year he sailed for Greece with 21st Battalion and was subsequently evacuated to Crete and then Cairo. After attending an officer training school he was commissioned second lieutenant and joined the Long Range Desert Group. In 1942 he was seconded to Eighth Army GCHQ but was later transferred back to 2nd New Zealand Division as divisional intelligence officer to General Freyberg, and promoted captain. Moscow

Because of his knowledge of Russian, <mask> was seconded to the New Zealand Department of External Affairs in May 1944 and in August arrived in Moscow with the New Zealand Minister to open the new Legation.In 1945 he was recalled to the Army and as Major <mask> was one of a party sent to Poland, ostensibly to arrange the repatriation of liberated British and Commonwealth prisoners, but also to report on conditions there. While in Poland, <mask> visited and wrote a report on Majdanek concentration camp and talked to two survivors from Auschwitz. His report covered both camps. It was widely circulated in London including to other

masks: Costello Costello Costello Costello Costello Costello


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 embassies and the press. Between July and October 1946 he was a member of the New Zealand delegation at the Paris Peace Conference. During his time in Moscow, <mask> got to know the Russian author Boris Pasternak, and was instrumental in getting to Pasternak's sisters in Oxford (via others at the Legation and his friend Dan Davin in Oxford) some of his famous novel Doctor Zhivago. In 1950 <mask> closed the Legation in Moscow, following a change of Government in New Zealand.<mask>'s despatches from Moscow were so well-informed and penetrating as to suggest to some critics that he had sources beyond those available to other diplomats, and he was thus a spy. There is no evidence for this suggestion beyond the standard of the reports, which are attributable to the force of <mask>'s mind and his knowledge of Russian; in any event, it would have been foolish for the Russian authorities to have given him information not otherwise available, and thus draw attention to him. New Zealand and Paris

In 1950 <mask> paid his only visit to New Zealand since he had left in 1932. While there he was arrested for public drunkenness and later informed by Alister McIntosh, then head of the Department of External Affairs, that his career there was finished and he should look for other employment. In the event he did not leave until 1955. This event occurred after his posting to Paris as First Secretary at the New Zealand Legation had been arranged, and the posting was allowed to proceed after Prime Minister Holland had reprimanded him severely. It was from <mask>'s time in Paris from 1950 to 1955 that the principal allegations of spying for the KGB arose.These are dealt with below. In 1951, following a security assessment of <mask> carried out by MI5, the Foreign Office issued a warning about him to the UK embassy in Paris, which resulted in ‘very special precautions’ being taken ‘to ensure that <mask> does not have

masks: Costello Costello Costello Costello Costello Costello Costello Costello


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 access to important British information’, as the Foreign Office described it. Late in 1951 the then Director-General of MI5, Sir Percy Sillitoe, was in New Zealand and raised formally with both Holland and McIntosh the case of <mask>, the MI5 view of him, and the security sanctions which the UK Embassy had put in place, to the detriment of the NZ Legation's work. As noted, <mask> stayed on in Paris until 1955. Manchester

In 1955 <mask> was appointed to the chair of Russian at the University of Manchester, where he remained until his sudden death in 1964, having not long turned 52. The cause of death was shown on his death certificate as coronary thrombosis and arteriosclerosis. He was mourned by colleagues, and his best friend Dan Davin wrote an obituary for The Times.The allegations of spying

While all the allegations surfaced after <mask>'s death, he was while still alive questioned about one incident which occurred while he was in Paris. In 1961 several people were arrested in London and charged with spying; all were later convicted. Two of them were a married couple, Peter and Helen Kroger, who had been living in England for six years and who had New Zealand passports issued to them by the New Zealand Legation in Paris in May 1954. Inquiries established that their real names were Morris and Lona Cohen, who had been part of a successful KGB spy ring in the US in the 1940s. They had obtained the New Zealand passports using forged documents. As noted, <mask> had been the First Secretary at the New Zealand Legation in Paris in 1954. When questioned after the arrests, he denied any knowledge of the Krogers, and no further action was taken.As noted below, he was later accused of having issued the passports, thus in the eyes of his accusers proving that he was a Russian spy. In chronological order, the allegations are as follows. In 1981, Chapman Pincher published Their Trade is Treachery, which

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 contained the allegation that Anthony Blunt had ‘pointed the finger’ at <mask> ‘who might have been recruited as a spy’. Pincher's source was Peter Wright, formerly of MI5, who had interrogated Blunt over many years after he had been identified as a spy. (It is worth noting in passing that another of Pincher's claims here - that <mask> was observed meeting a Soviet agent shortly before his death - is borne out by the MI5 file on <mask>, which was made public in 2017.) It also contained the allegation that <mask> ‘had signed New Zealand passports for Peter and Helen Kroger’. Inquiries later established that the passports were in fact authorised and issued by Jean McKenzie, the chargé d'affaires at the Legation, the only person there empowered to do so; but controversy continues about the role played by <mask>, based on defectors’ accounts and handwriting analysis.In 1989, <mask> [no relation] published Mask of Treachery, quoting the KGB defector Golitsin as having revealed that it was <mask> who had arranged the New Zealand passports for the Krogers in Paris in 1954. <mask> added that ‘a senior American intelligence source’ had provided confirmation that <mask> was ‘a long-term Soviet agent’. This allegation is also confirmed by the MI5 file. Golitsin's codename was "Kago", and he is referred to by that name at serial 270a on the MI5 file, a memorandum from MI5's man in Wellington to head office, dated 21 June 1963. This referred to revelations by "Kago" that evidently went beyond <mask>, to
include some of his colleagues in the New Zealand Legation in Moscow, about whom the Security Service then began ‘exhaustive inquiries’. This is entirely plausible: Alister McIntosh told the New Zealand author Michael King in 1978 that ‘Paddy of course was a terrific personality and he influenced the whole of the staff [in Moscow] except <mask>’. In 1999, Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin [another KGB

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Costello
Costello
Costello
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John Costello
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Patrick


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 defector] published The Mitrokhin Archive: The KGB in Europe and the West, in which <mask> is identified as ‘a valuable agent’ in Paris and as one of ten ‘particularly valuable’ agents there.Mitrokhin was an archivist for the KGB for many years; disillusioned by the Communist regime, he began keeping notes of documents to which he had access, many of them to do with spies for the KGB in western countries, apart from those in Soviet Embassies. The veracity of Mitrokhin's notes has not only not been challenged, but has been repeatedly confirmed. In 2000, Michael King wrote to Prime Minister Helen Clark seeking documents about <mask> and another New Zealander suspected of spying, William Ball Sutch. Based on his 1978 interviews with Alister McIntosh, he said that ‘McIntosh believed that both men had been working for the Russians at times when they were employed by the New Zealand Government, and produced evidence to this effect’. The evidence King attributes to McIntosh has not come to light. In 2002, the NZ Security Intelligence Service in releasing material on <mask> to James McNeish said that

After the release of the MI5 file, however, the Service confirmed that it was the material on this file which was ‘the other records’ referred to here. In 2017, as noted, the MI5 file on <mask> (and his wife) was released to the UK National Archives.It showed that MI5 had obtained, in its words:"...what practically amounts to written proof that in December, 1960 Mrs Bella COSTELLO was a K.G.B. agent employed in an illegal support role"; and second "what amounts to proof that D.P. COSTELLO is also a K.G.B. agent". In another document   MI5 expressed itself as being "quite sure that COSTELLO and his wife were acting in some way as agents of the Russian Intelligence Service". More details are in Lenihan (2017). The release of the file has not resolved the controversy as to whether <mask> was a spy.Of those


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 who have written about the file, McGibbon still considered, as he did in 2000, that ‘Final resolution of the question...still depends on revelation of records presumably lodged in the former KGB archives in Moscow’. Ricketts concluded that ‘Although the recently released MI5 files will provide ammunition for [<mask>’s] detractors, they offer little more substantive proof.’ Lenihan not only claimed that the file offers further proof of <mask> having been a spy, but made the further claim in 2017 that he was protected for many years by the head of MI5 at the time, Sir Roger Hollis. The Guardian's review of the file released in 2017 produced this comment by Alan Travis, Home Affairs editor:The MI5 files released at the National Archives ... fail to provide a conclusive answer but show that MI5 was at one stage locked in a decade-long battle with the New Zealand government over whether <mask> should be dismissed as a diplomat. During this struggle, the security services were forced to concede that their case against <mask> was 'a thin one'". Writings about <mask>

The only book-length account of <mask>'s life and the spying allegations was written by James McNeish and published in 2007 as  The Sixth Man: the Extraordinary Life of <mask>. According to the review by The Guardian, the McNeish book is a "story of a man wrongly accused of spying for the Soviets". Denis Lenihan disputed McNeish's assertions and conclusions in a 2012 article published at kiwispies.com.References

Further reading

The Conference of Paris; Report of the New Zealand Delegation... Department of External Affairs, Wellington, 1947

1912 births
1964 deaths
New Zealand academics
Linguists from New Zealand
New Zealand diplomats
20th-century New Zealand politicians
20th-century linguists
Espionage in New Zealand
New Zealand military personnel of World War II
Academics of the University of Exeter
Academics of the University of

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<mask> (English Joseph Murgas) (17 February 1864 – 11 May 1929) was a Slovak inventor, architect, botanist, painter and Roman Catholic priest. He contributed to wireless telegraphy and helped in the development of mobile communications and the wireless transmission of information and the human voice. <mask> was nicknamed the Radio Priest and deemed a Renaissance man. Life

Europe
<mask> was born in Tajov (Tajó), Kingdom of Hungary, Austrian Empire (now Slovakia). He studied theology in Prešporok (Pressburg, present Bratislava) (1880–82), Esztergom (Ostrihom) (1882–84) and in Banská Bystrica, where he graduated in 1888. From his youth he was bright, skillful and good at painting and electrotechnology. The vice-head of the school in Esztergom allowed him to use the physics room for experiments and the Slovak painters B. Klemens and Dominik Skutecký noticed his talent for painting.After priestly ordination in 1888, <mask> worked as a curate. On Skutecký's initiative, <mask> was accepted at a painting school in Budapest, where he studied from 1889–90. He also studied painting in Munich from 1890–93. He attended both schools while working. He painted sacral pieces, Slovak landscapes and Slovak personalities. It was due to his strong patriotism he exhibited during holidays in the 1890s that he was not allowed to finish his painting studies and had to work as a curate in changing places in the Kingdom of Hungary: in Chrenovec (Nyitratormás), Slovenská Ľupča (Zólyomlipcse), Dubová (Cseres) and in Lopej (Lopér). In Lopej, he painted a large sacral picture of St. George which is still on the church altar of the village.The central altar painting of St. Elisabeth in the 14th century Church of St. Elizabeth in the main square of Banská Bystrica was by Murgaš. United States
Due to permanent conflicts with the bishop's secretary, Murgaš had to emigrate to the United States in 1896, where he was assigned a

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Jozef Murgaš
Murgaš
Murgaš
Murgaš
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texts: Slovak parish in the city of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Having no possibility for painting, he started to deal with natural sciences again, especially electrotechnology. He established a laboratory in Wilkes-Barre, in which he primarily investigated radiotelegraphy. His article in the Tovaryšstvo magazine of 1900 shows that his radiotelegraphy studies had achieved a high level. In 1904, he received his first two US patents: the Apparatus for wireless telegraphy and The way of transmitted messages by wireless telegraphy. Further 15 patents followed between 1907 and 1916 (see below).Based on the first two patents, he created the Universal Aether Telegraph Co., which organized a public test of Murgaš's transmitting and receiving facilities in September 1905 (see below). The test was successful, but a storm destroyed the antenna masts three month later, which led to a dissolution of the company. <mask>'s primary concern in Wilkes-Barre, however, were the local Slovaks. He took care of Slovak immigrants, had a new church, library, cemetery, several schools, gymnasium and playgrounds built, all of which are still used by American Slovaks. He was also one of the founders of the Saints Cyril and Methodius community and took care of children and youth. He was very popular among religious people because of his emotional relation to them. He also published a newspaper, in which he published some popular science articles and verses.<mask> was active in the Slovak expatriates movement, wrote articles for their press, was one of the founders of the Slovak League in America, actively supported the creation of the state of Czechoslovakia, organized a money collection (a fund) of American Slovaks for the creation of Czechoslovakia (US$1,000,000) and was also a writer and a signatory of the Pittsburgh Agreement (1918) between Czechs and Slovaks on establishing Czechoslovakia. As a respected personality, he

masks: Murgaš Murgaš


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 gained the trust and support of the highest authorities in the US for the establishment of Czechoslovakia. <mask> continued to study physics and to do many experiments. He financed his activities by selling his paintings. He also collected mushrooms, plants, minerals and insects. His butterfly collection comprised 9000 pieces from all over the world. When the United States entered World War I, private radiotelegraphy stations were prohibited which put an end to <mask>'s pioneer work in this field.After the creation of Czechoslovakia, he returned to Slovakia in 1920, where he taught electrotechnology at a high school but since he did not find appropriate understanding by the Ministry of Education in Prague, he returned to Wilkes-Barre four months later. He was nominated to be a member of the Federal Radio Commission of the United States in 1925. <mask> died in Wilkes-Barre four years later. Importance and primacy conflicts

The most dynamic segments in the area of communication services today are internet services, mobile telephony and convergence of voice and data process. If we go back one hundred years to history we can see that development in this area began with wireless information transmission encoded in telegraphy marks and wireless voice transmission which was made by frequency modulation. In 1905, Murgaš achieved radio transmission between Wilkes-Barre and Scranton, Pennsylvania, or a distance of 20 miles (30 km). The tone system is the use of two signals of different frequencies, i.e.Murgaš substituted the "dot" of the Morse code with a higher tone and the "dash" with a lower tone (this is the 1904 patent "The way of transmitted messages by wireless telegraphy"). Thomas Edison paid remarkable attention to Murgaš's experiments and he is said to have informed Guglielmo Marconi of Murgaš's success. <mask>'s lab in Wilkes-Barre was visited by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1905. Patents

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 1904 - 1916
   "Wireless-telegraph apparatus" (1904)
  	"The way of transmitted messages by wireless telegraphy" (1904)
  "Constructing Antennas for Wireless Telegraphy" (July 16, 1907). "Wave meter" (1907)
  	"Electrical transformer" [1907)
  	"Underground wireless telegraphy"
  	"Apparatus for making electromagnetic waves" (1908)
  	"Wireless telegraphy"(1909)
  	"Making of sparkles frequency from power supply without interrupter"(1909)
  	"Magnetic waves detector"(1909)
  	"Magnetic detector" (1909)
  "Apparatus for making electrical oscillations" (1911)
  "Spinning reel for fishing rod" (1912)
  Improved invention in the United States; given in England GB9726 in 1907
  "The way and apparatus for making electrical alternating current oscillations" (1916)
 Co-author of 2 inventions concerned with electrical arc lamps (1910)

Memorials and honors
In Tajov, there is <mask>'s house where he was born, a memorial room and a symbolic grave with a sepulchral monument of Murgaš at the local cemetery. <mask> Šebo, the founder of the room and monument (now a retired teacher) looks after them very carefully. The memorial room also features originals of pictures, paintings, some unique pieces from his  butterfly collection, models of inventions in wireless telegraphy and documents.One can also see there a minimodel of Murgaš's original antenna masts built by company Universal Aether Telegraph Co. in Wilkes-Barre in 1905. Further objects include:
 Rev. <mask> Murgaš Room at King's College (Pennsylvania)
Jozef Murgaš Monument in Bratislava, Slovakia – the Slovak Telecom building in the Jarošova Street
Jozef Murgaš street in Podbrezová-Lopej, Slovakia
Joseph Murgas Monument in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
Paintings in a church in Wilkes-Barre in Pennsylvania
Paintings in the Memorial room in Tajov, in some churches in Lopej and Banská Bystrica
Murgas Amateur Radio Club of Wilkes-Barre, PA named after Fr.

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 Murgas in 1975. Model of Murgas' transmitting station in Wilkes-Barre
Collection of butterflies (9,000 pieces) from all over the world
Liberty ship SS Joseph Murgas in the U.S. state Georgia in 1944
Jozef Murgaš Secondary School of Electrical Engineering in Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
Jozef Murgaš stamp issued by the Ministry of Transport, Communications and Public Works of the Slovak Republic in 1994 (400,000 pieces) on the occasion of the 130th birth anniversary (1864) of <mask> Murgaš. To the memory of Murgaš and to support the development of telecommunications in Slovakia, the <mask> Murgaš Award is awarded annually by the Slovak Electrotechnical Society and Ministry of Transport, Posts and Telecommunications of the Slovak Republic for:
publication of original theoretical contribution supporting development of telecommunication in Slovakia and
utilization of original or foreign theoretical contribution to development of telecommunications and telecommunication industry in Slovakia. See also
List of Roman Catholic scientist-clerics

References

External links
Jozef Murgas - The Forgotten Radio Genius
Slovak Academy of Sciences - Mathematical Institute - Jozef Murgas - The source for this article.(Slovak)
The  Murgas  System  of  Wireless  Telegraphy, Electrical World and Engineer, July 15, 1905, pages 100–101. The  Murgas  System  of  Wireless  Telegraphy by Josef Murgas, Electrical Review'', December 2, 1905, pages 849–852. Communication Technology Forum's article on Murgaš
Murgas Amateur Radio Club, Wilkes-Barre, PA
<mask> <mask> at Monoskop.org

1864 births
1929 deaths
People from Banská Bystrica District
Slovak Roman Catholic priests
Austro-Hungarian emigrants to the United States
Hungarian emigrants to the United States
People from the Kingdom of Hungary
American people of Slovak descent
People from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
Radio pioneers
Catholic clergy scientists
Slovak

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<mask> is an American singer-songwriter, born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on May 23, 1954. He studied both music and theatre at the world-renowned American Academy of Dramatic Arts in Manhattan then later moved to the West Coast where he was employed as a songwriter for Homegrown Music, Geffen Music Group, Sony Music Publishing and Chrysalis Music. He performed as a solo artist and as Frontman for the band "<mask>'s Disciples". Biography
<mask>'s most well-known work Love Is was co-written with Tonio K, John Keller; recorded by Vanessa L. Williams with Brian McKnight, and was featured on the Beverly Hills 90210 Soundtrack. It was nominated for a Grammy in the best of R & B vocal category and earned <mask> a citation of achievement from BMI for garnering two million broadcast performances. It also rose to Number 1 on the Pop Music Chart and Adult Contemporary Chart in 1993. However, <mask>'s career included collaborations with many other artists and writers: co-writes with Tamara Champlin and Dennis Matkosky for Chris LeDoux's "Runaway Love" (that appeared on Billboard's Country Music's Top 40's) and Rita Coolidge's Shoo Rah.<mask>'s most recorded song was "Guns of Love" (written with Randy Sharp and John Keller) performed by Maura O'Connell, the Moffats (who performed this on "Good Morning America" on July 3, 1995, donating proceeds from their release to the families of victims of the Oklahoma City bombing), Pam Rose for her Album " Morpheus", was featured on Grammy Award Winner Kathy Mattea's Album "Roses", by Caruso on his 2011 EP "When The Devil Starts To Pray" and by Randy Sharp on his 2017 Release "Impossible Things". On "You Won't Get To Heaven Alive" by Tamara Champlin, Caruso was a background vocalist,

masks:
Michael Caruso
Michael
Caruso
Michael
Caruso
Caruso


texts: player on several tracks, co-producer on two, and co-writes included the title track, "Purple Black and Blonde", "St Anne's Wheel" & "Tragic Black" that featured Nicky Hopkins on piano. On Will Champlin's (Finalist for 2013 The Voice) solo projects, Caruso was a co-writer on many songs from "The Goldmine Sessions", his Self Titled "Will Champlin" CD, and his EP "Killing Me With Twilight". He collaborated on Bill Champlin's (formerly of Chicago) solo album "No Place Left To Fall"; again penning the title track with Bill and Tamara Champlin and "Tuggin' on Your Sleeve" written with Bill Champlin and Will Champlin. <mask> also co-wrote with Joan Jett and Randy Cantor a cut featuring Joan Jett & the Blackhearts for the Days of Thunder (soundtrack) entitled "Long Live The Night". Later, again as a songwriter, Caruso re-teamed with Tamara Champlin & Dennis Matkosky on a collaboration for Bekka Bramlett "What's on My Mind" that charted on Music Row. In Episode 7 of the 2011 Season of Single Ladies on VH1, Lori Michael's performed the <mask> Caruso & Tamara Champlin's ballad, "Pretty When She Cries", that had previously been featured on her CD "Living My Life Out Loud" released in 2008.<mask>'s EP "When The Devil Starts To Pray"  involved co-writers and musicians Randy Sharp; Trey Bruce, Roy Braverman, Tamara Champlin, Jeff Paris, Glenn Goss, TJ McFarland, Dennis Matkosky; <mask>.Thomas, and Moon Calhoun. A film short, Sunshine Deprivation Blues featured one of the EP's songs "Tell Me What You Will" (sharing vocals with Glenn Goss). Caruso released singles "True Love's Tears" (Caruso/Sharp) in 2014, "Good When You're Gone" (Caruso/Paris/Kravitz) in 2015 "What A Day" (Caruso/Rydell) in 2016, and "Another Mile"

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Caruso
Michael
Michael Caruso
Michael St


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 (Caruso/Sharp) in 2017. "Good When Your Gone" became the theme song to the Rob Saul Show's Weekly Live Broadcast, repeated on the Ripped Radio Network then added to the BS Podcast Network. <mask> and Glenn Goss were part of a Charity Tribute to the Beatles in 2017 @ Beit T'Shubah in Los Angeles, Ca. that was hosted by Ruth McCartney, Angie McCartney and directed by Martin Nethercutt. <mask>'s video of his cover of Sunny Afternoon was screened at the Arpa International Film Festival on August 2, 2019 and had a second screening in 2020 at that festival as a co-writer with Eric Bazilian and Glenn Goss of "Only Love" by Manu Hvala.In 2021, Caruso's video "Born With An Accordion", a <mask>/Goss collaboration, was again part of the Arpa International Film Festival and was named audience favorite

In addition to collaborations with artists such as Lita Ford, Terri Nunn, Vixen, and <mask>, Caruso has also worked with the legendary Sammy Cahn, Eric Bazilian, Paul Williams, Dave Berg and Tom Keane. Discography
"(Only Fools) At War With Love" was <mask>'s first writer's cut on RCA Records by Artist Darcus Speed on her self-titled Album "Darcus" (Released 1977)
"I'm Better" from Jeff Paris's "Race To Paradise" for Universal Music written by <mask>/Jeff Paris (Released 1986; Re-Released 2012)
"I'll Be There(Holdin On)" from Jack Wagner's "Lighting Up the Night" was released on Qwest Records (produced by Glenn Ballard); (It was performed by Wagner on the Soap Opera, General Hospital) written by Jeff Paris/<mask> (Released: 1986); "Holdin' On" was also included on The Dells Album "One Step Closer" released in United States by Private Records and in Japan by Sony Records (1984). The Album was Re-Released in Europe by

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Caruso
Caruso
Caruso
Michael LeCompt
Caruso
Michael Caruso
Michael Caruso


texts:
William Paul Mitchell (born March 21, 1972), better known by the stage name of <mask> (also Extra P. and <mask> Pro), is an American rapper and record producer. Based in New York City, he is known as a founding member of the underground hip hop group Main Source and as mentor and frequent collaborator of Nas. About.com ranked <mask> Professor at No. 13 on its Top 25 Hip-Hop Producers list. Early life and education
William Paul Mitchell was born in Harlem, New York City, New York and raised in Flushing, Queens, New York, where he attended John Bowne High School. Career

Large Professor started making his earliest beats with two turntables, a Casio SK-1 sampler, and pause-tape cassettes before his mentor Paul C taught him how to use an E-mu SP-1200. During his pause tape phase he noted that some of his techniques were different than those of other producers."I was trying to catch it from a different part of the record. I would catch it from the hi-hat when dudes were just catching it from the one kick. I would catch it from the third hi-hat and be flipping it." In 1989 he joined the group Main Source, which also included Toronto natives K-Cut and Sir Scratch. In 1990 <mask> produced three tracks for Eric B. & Rakim's Let the Rhythm Hit 'Em, including "In the Ghetto". To make "In the Ghetto", he sampled directly off of a cassette tape of sample ideas Paul C had made for Rakim.Main Source recorded one album with <mask> called Breaking Atoms, which was released in 1991. It included hits such as "Just Hangin' Out", "Looking at the Front Door", and featured Nas' first public appearance on a track called "Live at the Barbeque", along with Akinyele and Joe Fatal. Large Professor now considers "Looking at the Front Door" one of the most emotional records of his career, later saying "That's a deep record. At that time in life, I was eighteen years old. It was a kid with a pure heart, just writing, and putting his soul out there for

masks:
Large Professor
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texts: the world." In 1992, their success allowed them to record "Fakin' the Funk", a track on the White Men Can't Jump motion-picture soundtrack. Because of business differences, <mask> and Main Source quietly parted ways and <mask> went on to sign with Geffen Records.During and after his tenure with Main Source, he worked with Pete Rock & CL Smooth, and he produced a number of tracks for Nas, Busta Rhymes, Masta Ace, The X-Ecutioners, Tragedy Khadafi, Big Daddy Kane, Mobb Deep, A Tribe Called Quest, and others during the 1990s. During this time he handled a significant amount of production on several projects for other artists. In 1993 he produced Akinyele's entire Vagina Diner album, which experienced some modest commercial success at the time of its release. Though the album did well at first, The Source later wrote an article criticizing the song "I Luh Huh", in which Akinyele considers pushing his pregnant girlfriend down the stairs as a form of abortion. The ensuing backlash for the controversial lyrics hurt the album's performance. Akinyele wrote a response in the next issue defending the song and pointing out that the violent ideas in the songs are just thoughts, and he ends the song by saying "Just cause I talk this shit don't get me wrong, Yo, I still luh hur." <mask> Professor also produced "Keep It Rollin'" on A Tribe Called Quest's Midnight Marauders not long after he left Main Source.This was a major moment in his career that helped him reach a new level of credibility and exposure as a solo artist. In 1994, <mask> produced three of the ten songs on Nas's Illmatic ("Halftime", "One Time 4 Your Mind", and "It Ain't Hard to Tell"), the most of any producer involved with the album. According to an interview with Busta Rhymes, the "Halftime" beat was originally intended for him. Though he liked the beat, he didn't end up using it and later regretted it after hearing "Halftime". While describing the making of the song

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Large Professor


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 in an interview <mask> said, "I mean, we just wanted to put something gritty out there to the world, and those drums—that's what it was at that time. It was that gritty, muffled out, because the Hip Hop that we grew up with… We grew up with park jam tapes and things like the fidelity of these tapes." He was so instrumental in the making of Illmatic that Nas wanted to give him an executive producer credit, but he refused.In 1996, <mask> completed his debut solo album The LP for Geffen Records. It was promoted by the singles "The Mad Scientist" and "I Juswannachill". After several delays, the album was shelved and later released as a bootleg version in 2002. An official release of the album finally came out in 2009, thirteen years after its original intended release date. In 2001, <mask> produced "You're da Man" and "Rewind" for Nas's Stillmatic album. He first played Nas the beat for "You're da Man" while Nas was working on Nastradamus a few years prior. Nas chose the beat but decided to save it for a later project.Large Professor also used the same vocal sample from the chorus on the song "The Man"  for his 1st Class album. On December 22, 2002, at a concert in Toronto, the original members of Main Source performed together for the first time in nearly 10 years. Discography

Albums
with Main Source

 1991: Breaking Atoms

Solo albums
 1996: The LP (officially released in 2009)
 2002: 1st Class
 2008: Main Source
 2012: Professor @ Large
 2015: Re:Living

Collaboration albums
1993: Vagina Diner (with Akinyele)
2014: Mega Philosophy (with Cormega)

Instrumental albums
 2006: Beatz Volume 1
 2007: Beatz Volume 2

Guest appearances
1990: "Money In The Bank" (Kool G Rap & DJ Polo album Wanted: Dead or Alive)
1993: "Keep It Rollin'" (A Tribe Called Quest album Midnight Marauders)
1994: "Stress (Remix)" (Organized Konfusion "Stress" 12")
1995: "Extra Abtract Skillz" (Mad Skillz album From Where???) 1996: "To Each His Own

masks:
Large Pro
Large Professor
Large Pro


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<mask> (born 31 August 1962) is a former British politician who was a Member of the European Parliament for the South East England region. She formerly represented the UK Independence Party (UKIP) and later sat as an independent: she was elected in 2014, second on the list for the region behind Nigel Farage. In March 2015, she was expelled from UKIP for "bringing the party into disrepute" after her chief of staff was recorded trying to fraudulently inflate her expenses. Political career
<mask> is a former member of the Conservative Party and ran a marketing business for two decades prior to becoming an MEP. As <mask>, she was a press officer for the Conservatives in the south-east during the 2005 general election and in the 2010 general election, she was the Conservative candidate for Batley and Spen, finishing second, 4,406 votes behind Labour incumbent Mike Wood. She was also director of Conservative Action for Electoral Reform. <mask> joined UKIP in 2011, citing David Cameron's failure to produce a referendum on European Union membership.As <mask>-Small she wrote a column for the Daily Mail. She was selected as the UKIP candidate for Folkestone and Hythe for the 2015 general election, before being expelled from the party and withdrawn as its candidate due to a 'serious financial irregularity'. On 16 June 2015, it was announced that <mask> had joined the newly formed far-right group in the European Parliament, Europe of Nations and Freedom (ENF). <mask> is an associate of the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC). <mask> did not stand in the 2019 European Parliament elections. Publications

She has written Migrant Crime Wave: The EU Cover Up Revealed, Beyond Brussels: Brexit and The New European Patriotism and What Women Want versus The gender, transgender and cultural wars of

masks:
Janice Ann Atkinson
Atkinson
Janice Small
Atkinson
Janice Atkinson
Atkinson
Atkinson
Atkinson


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 the West. <mask> is also helping make and produce Borderless by Lauren Southern.Conferences

Free speech in the Age of Censorship
In January 2019, <mask> was organising a conference on free speech in the European Parliament in Brussels. The political situation in South Africa
<mask> has been an advocate of raising awareness of the political situation and human rights violations in South Africa and organised events on the topic. Brexit
<mask> campaigned for Brexit. She asked Home Secretary, Sajid Javid to make it mandatory for the Union Jack to be displayed at ports and airports; Javid has refused the request. Media Work

On Russia Today
The Independent UK MEP appeared on Russia Today several times. In June 2018 <mask> spoke about Brexit and the implications of a no-deal scenario. In March 2018 she took part in the Russian Presidential Elections as an observer of the electoral process.In March 2017 <mask> talked about the complaint handed in by European Parliament members against Jean-Claude Juncker, President of the European Commission. In October 2016 <mask> shared her concern about Europe becoming a target for jihadists fleeing the Middle East. Controversies
During the 2014 campaign it emerged that despite <mask>'s claims – and status as a champion of state selective education – her alma mater, Blackheath Bluecoat School, is not and has never been a grammar school. It was also reported that, before she joined UKIP, <mask> was dropped from the 2011 alternative vote campaign following a meeting with undecided Conservatives in which she mentioned "her support for elements of" the British National Party's platform. A few days later <mask> swore at anti-racism campaigners. The incident followed her call for 'abusive' anti-UKIP protestors to be arrested by the police. A photo capturing the

masks: Atkinson Atkinson Atkinson Atkinson Atkinson Atkinson Atkinson Atkinson Atkinson Atkinson


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 moment was widely reported and went viral on social media.<mask>, who has described towns in Kent as 'no-go areas' as a result of Eastern European immigration, has defended her position, claiming she marched as part of the Anti-Nazi League in her youth. In August 2014 she issued an apology after being recorded by a BBC News crew referring to the Thai (or Thai-born) wife of a constituent, who were both UKIP supporters, as "a ting-tong from somewhere", a term used in Thailand for people with mental health problems. The woman and her husband threatened to withdraw from UKIP membership but changed their mind after a personal apology from UKIP leader Nigel Farage. Interviewed on camera later at their home, the woman and her husband said that <mask> hadn't apologised to them and was quite belligerent. Whilst speaking of <mask>, Farage said "99% of UKIP members aren't like that and don't hold those views". <mask> apologised and explained in an interview shortly after that she never meant any malice and the unintended comment was taken out of context. In December 2014 it was revealed that <mask>, whose annual salary as an MEP was around £79,000 per year, owed more than £2,000 in unpaid child support.Her ex-husband claimed this had "caused major hardship for her son and for her family". <mask> was singled out for criticism as she had previously attacked "feckless families" who have more children than they can afford. Expenses fraud and expulsion from UKIP
On 19 March 2015 <mask> was suspended from the party following "allegations of a serious financial nature". The Sun published a secret recording in which <mask>'s chief of staff, Christine Hewitt, spoke to a staff member at a restaurant in Margate and asked them for a fraudulent invoice, inflating the bill to over three times the cost of the

masks: Atkinson Atkinson Atkinson Atkinson Atkinson Atkinson Atkinson Atkinson


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 £950 meal. On the recording Hewett was heard to say "we overcharge them slightly, because that’s the way we repatriate it". The following day the police were reported to be investigating. On 23 March <mask> was expelled from UKIP for "bringing the party into disrepute".No legal action was taken against <mask>, but Hewitt pled guilty to fraud and was given a suspended sentence. <mask> was cleared of all allegations by the Kent Police and no further action was taken against her. Policies
In the aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing in May 2017, <mask> called for the reintroduction of the death penalty for those convicted of terrorist crimes. On 1 March 2018 <mask> was one of three UK MEPs who voted against a motion to encourage national parliaments to ban "gay conversion therapies". In August 2018 <mask> called on Home Secretary Sajid Javid to fly the Union Jack at ports and airports; the request was refused. Personal
<mask> was previously married to Steve Small, with whom she had two sons. Small, who was granted custody of the children following their divorce, criticised <mask> in 2014 for falling behind on her child support payments.She was taken to court twice by the Child Support Agency to force her to pay what she owed. Her current husband, Simon, is a banker. In March 2019, she revealed that she had been diagnosed with cancer of the tonsils. References

External links
 Official site
 European Parliamentary profile

1962 births
Living people
Businesspeople from London
Conservative Party (UK) parliamentary candidates
Daily Mail journalists
English women in business
21st-century women MEPs for England
Independent politicians in England
Marketing women
MEPs for England 2014–2019
Politicians from London
UK Independence Party MEPs
Non-Inscrits MEPs
Europe of Nations and Freedom


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<mask> (March 22, 1873 – December 18, 1939) was a Canadian-American painter and exhibited his work at the Canadian Art Club and was a member of the American group The Eight, artists who formed a loose association in 1908 to protest the narrowness of taste and restrictive exhibition policies of the conservative, powerful National Academy of Design. Though <mask> was primarily a landscape painter, he also painted a small number of realistic urban scenes. His painting style is heavily influenced by the art of John Henry Twachtman, J. Alden Weir, and Alfred Sisley. Though considered a Canadian-American Impressionist, <mask> falls stylistically between Impressionism and realism. Youth

<mask> was born in 1873 in Halifax, Nova Scotia to a prominent family, and arrived in the United States in 1888 and settled in Kansas City. In 1891, he went to live in New York and enrolled in classes at the Art Students League, studying under John Twachtman, who introduced him to Impressionism and was the central influence of his formative years. He later continued to study with Twachtman and with J. Alden Weir at their Cos Cob, Connecticut summer art school in the 1890s."To some degree," one art historian has noted, "<mask> was a product of the art colony movement." <mask> visited France in 1893 and studied at the Académie Julian with Jean-Joseph Benjamin-Constant and Jean-Paul Laurens. He practiced plein air painting in southern France and at Moret-sur-Loing, where he met the English Impressionist Alfred Sisley. In 1894, <mask> exhibited two paintings in the Salon. <mask> shared a Paris studio that year with W. Somerset Maugham, who is believed to have used <mask> as the inspiration for the character "<mask>" in his 1915 novel Of Human Bondage  Back in the United States, he

masks:
Ernest Lawson
Lawson
Lawson
Ernest Lawson
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Frederick Lawson


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 married his former art teacher, Ella Holman. Maturity

Upon his return to the United States in 1896, <mask> began developing his own aesthetic. He was further encouraged by Robert Henri, William Glackens, and the other independent artists with whom he began to associate around 1903.<mask> moved to Washington Heights in Upper Manhattan in 1898, and his work for the next two decades focused on subjects—Fort Tryon Park, the Harlem River, Spuyten Duyvil, the fields, bridges, docked boats, tree-covered hills, and rocky inclines at the edge of a city on the move—from that still-unpopulated part of the metropolis. His paintings form a "procession of lonely vistas devoid of people," but are filled with an almost tactile sense of paint and an understated chromatic brilliance. (Art critic James Gibbons Huneker, a great admirer of <mask>, referred to his friend's skill as originating in a "palette of crushed jewels.") Like other realists, he worked on-site and traveled with some frequency in search of interesting new subjects; his search for the picturesque took him to Spain, New Hampshire, Nova Scotia, Kansas, Colorado, Tennessee, New Mexico, Connecticut, and Florida. <mask> had his first solo exhibition at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in 1907 and won a prize in the Academy's Annual for a winter landscape, the theme of which became his single most identifiable subject. The following year, he joined the rebellious group that would become known as "The Eight," whose members included Robert Henri, William Glackens, John Sloan, George Luks, Everett Shinn, Arthur B. Davies and Maurice Prendergast. The Eight
In many ways, <mask> was an unlikely rebel.A soft-spoken, gracious, and undramatic man, he had no flair for self-promotion and little inclination to

masks:
Lawson
Lawson
Lawson
Lawson
Ernest Lawson


texts: paint the rougher aspects of modern city life, which was a hallmark of five of the most significant members of the Eight. (Henri, Glackens, Sloan, Luks, and Shinn were all founding members of what became known as the Ashcan school of American art.) Unlike Henri, Sloan, and Luks, who were teachers as well, he had no worshipful student-following nor was he well-placed in art-political circles in New York, like Arthur B. Davies. He had his devoted fans—the Manhattan restaurateur James Moore (the central figure in William Glackens's famous painting, Chez Mouquin) owned a much-loved collection of Lawsons—but no one thought of him as a radical in any way. If anything, he had more in common with the eighth member of the group, Maurice Prendergast, in his steady reserve and quiet professionalism. But he did share the concerns voiced by Henri and others of the group that the exhibition system in New York, a closed system that led to wider press coverage and lucrative sales for those who worked in an approved manner, was too much a "private club" enterprise and needed shaking up. The exhibition that the Eight staged at the prestigious Macbeth Galleries in New York in 1908 did just that.The exhibition of The Eight was the "succès de scandale" its organizers hoped for. If sales did not quite measure up to their expectations, the painters nonetheless became centers of media attention for some time. Conservative tastes were affronted, and young artists flocked to the Macbeth Galleries to see a startling range of modern representational art. The show later traveled to Chicago and Boston, where it occasioned more press coverage and public discussion of the direction American art should take. <mask> and his friends had played a role in an important cultural event and in


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 initiating debate about a needed diversity of style and subject matter in American art. At the same time, though, it was possible for some people to wonder to what extent <mask> was an outsider at all. Later that year, he was named an associate member of the National Academy of Design, and he was made a full academician in 1917.He exhibited as a member of the Canadian Art Club from 1911 to 1915. He benefited from regular gallery representation, won many prizes throughout his career, and was highly regarded by his peers. In fact, William Merritt Chase considered him America's greatest landscape painter, an endorsement that carried a healthy cachet with it. None of this translated into wealth or fame in the long run, however. <mask> had financial problems all his life and suffered from poor health in his later years. <mask> was invited to contribute three paintings to the landmark Armory Show of 1913. Like many American artists at the time, he was not prepared to abandon representational art for the new paths suggested by Cubism, Fauvism, and Futurism, but he was open to learning more about Post-Impressionism (which he had first been exposed to in Europe), and in New York the opportunities to see the Post-Impressionists increased considerably after the Armory Show."Acquaintance with Cézanne's painting convinced [<mask>] that Impressionism had lost contact with form in its insistence upon surface light, and in his later works he made an obvious attempt to recapture solidity. Although he never completely assimilated Cézanne's structural methods, <mask> managed to introduce a measure of form into his art and some resemblance to the Aix master...as he dropped the coloristic haze and the pastel prettiness inherited from Twachtman." Later years
Though his work

masks: Lawson Lawson Lawson Lawson Lawson


texts: was sought after by important collectors in the 1910s and 1920s, such as John Quinn, Duncan Phillips, Albert C. Barnes, and Ferdinand Howald, who single-handedly built the modern collection of the Columbus Museum of Art, <mask> did not maintain a high profile in the American art world as Precisionism, the artists of the Alfred Stieglitz circle (e.g., Georgia O'Keeffe, John Marin, Charles Demuth), and other adventurous movements and individuals took center stage. Eventually, he left New York. <mask> visited Florida when he befriended Katherine and Royce Powell, his close friends and patrons who lived there. He first stayed with them in Coral Gables in 1931, and he returned there often, moving permanently to Florida in 1936. In his last years, he completed a post office mural in Short Hills, New Jersey (no longer extant), but he focused primarily on painting the Florida landscape.Depressed and in declining health, he drowned under mysterious circumstances in 1939, apparently while swimming on Miami Beach. Friends wondered if <mask>'s death had been a suicide. <mask>'s work is little-known today compared to that of many of his friends and associates, but his best paintings can be found in the collections of many North American art museums. Robert Henri insisted that, among landscape artists, he was "the biggest we have had since Winslow Homer." Duncan Phillips referred to him as a "great romanticist." Aside from their qualities as well-made landscapes, <mask>'s works have an interesting secondary life today as a record of the twilight of pastoral Manhattan. The Cathedral of Saint John the Divine, in <mask>'s 1903 painting of that title, is being erected in the midst of a woodland not far from the campus of Columbia University and the roar of the El.His

masks: Lawson Lawson Lawson Lawson Lawson Lawson


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 Washington Heights of springtime foliage and glens and rowboats is today a thriving Dominican neighborhood, robustly urban, packed with people and buildings, subject of the Broadway musical In the Heights. <mask>'s paintings remind viewers of a world that vanished entirely in the space of a few decades. Notes

Sources
Berry-Hill, Henry and <mask> <mask>: American Impressionist 1873-1939. Leigh-on-Sea, 1968. Brown, Milton. American Painting from the Armory Show to the Depression. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1955.Karpiscak, Adeline Lee. <mask>, 1873-1939, A retrospective Exhibition. Tucson: University of Arizona Museum of Art, 1979. Leeds, Valerie Ann. From Prose to Poetry: The Landscapes of <mask>, Fine Art Connoisseur, 3 (September/October 2006). Leeds, Valerie Ann. <mask>.New York: Gerald Peters Gallery, 2000. Perlman, Bennard B. Painters of the Ashcan School: The Immortal Eight. New York: Dover, 1979. Wierich, Jochen, "<mask>: Nostalgia for Landscape" in Elizabeth Kennedy, The Eight and American Modernisms. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009. External links

Image of <mask> <mask> artworks on Art Stack
<mask> artwork examples on AskART

1873 births
1939 deaths
19th-century Canadian painters
19th-century American painters
Artists from Nova Scotia
Canadian Impressionist painters
American Impressionist painters
American male painters
Canadian male painters
20th-century American painters
20th-century Canadian painters
Modern painters
Canadian landscape painters
American landscape painters
Canadian emigrants to the United States
Art Students League of New York alumni
Alumni of the Académie Julian
People from Coral Gables, Florida
People from Halifax, Nova Scotia
1939 suicides
Deaths by drowning
Deaths by drowning in the United

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Sidney Ernest
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Ernest Lawson
Ernest Lawson
Ernest Lawson
Ernest Lawson
Lawson Ernest
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Ernest Lawson


texts: <mask><mask>. (born October 31, 1972) is an American man who was wrongfully convicted three times for the 1992 rape and murder of 11-year-old Holly Staker in Waukegan, Illinois. He was convicted twice on the basis of a confession that he said was coerced. No physical evidence linked him to the crime scene. In 2015 he received a $20 million settlement from Lake County, Illinois for wrongful conviction, formerly the largest settlement of its kind in United States history. DNA testing done in 2004 on semen taken from the crime scene ruled out <mask> as the source. However, the prosecution argued that Staker had been sexually active and the semen sample came from her previous consensual sex with another man. <mask> was convicted a third time.His conviction was overturned by the appellate court. Because the court ruled that there had been insufficient evidence adduced at trial to sustain a conviction, the Double Jeopardy Clause barred prosecutors from retrying <mask>. He was released from prison after serving 20 years. After his release, <mask>'s attorneys asked the courts to order genetic testing on <mask>'s shoes. The prosecution had tried to enter these into evidence in 1993. The shoes had Staker's blood on them, but the prosecution withdrew the evidence prior to <mask>'s first trial when they learned that the shoes had not been available for sale anywhere in the United States until after the murder. DNA testing conducted on the shoes in 2014 indicated that the blood belonged to Staker, but it also contained another genetic sample.The DNA in this matched the semen sample from Staker. <mask>'s defense team insists that this is proof not only that the blood was planted, but that the real killer's DNA was inadvertently planted as well. The DNA has yet to be matched to an individual, but it has been linked to DNA from the scene of a home invasion and murder in 2000 in Chicago by three men. Only one man of the three has been identified; he was convicted of that crime and is in prison. He claims to have been wrongfully convicted. Following his exoneration, <mask> sued

masks:
Juan A
. Rivera Jr
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera
Rivera


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 the city of Waukegan and Lake County; he was awarded $20 million, at its time, the largest wrongful conviction settlement in United States history. This amount included $2 million from John E. Reid & Associates.<mask> was given two polygraph examinations by a Reid employee. He was reported as exhibiting general deception during the examination and subsequently admitted that he did lie to the test question about his alibi, but continued to deny any involvement in the death of Holly Staker. Over the next several days he was interrogated by law enforcement. Murder of Holly Staker
On August 17, 1992, police received a call from a woman in Waukegan, Illinois, who reported that the babysitter for her two children, 11-year-old Holly Staker, was missing and the back door to the apartment had been kicked in. Staker's partially clothed body was found on the floor of the children's bedroom. She had been raped, stabbed 27 times, and strangled. Vaginal and anal swabs tested positive for semen.Evidence technicians took fingerprints and blood samples found in the bedroom and near the kitchen sink, where it appeared someone had washed blood off their hands. Investigation
On September 29, 1992, police received a tip from a prison inmate that another inmate, Puerto Rican-born <mask>, believed he knew who killed Staker. According to the informant, <mask> told him he was at a party that night near the crime scene and saw a man acting suspiciously. <mask> was described by the police as friendly and cooperative when he was interviewed and agreed to provide samples of his blood and hair. He told police he was at a party near the crime scene, when another man, whom he identified as Robert Hurley, left the party more than once before later returning sweaty, out of breath, and with a fresh scratch. Further investigation revealed there was no party at the residence on August 17, leading to greater suspicion of <mask>. <mask> was questioned for many hours over the course of several days and eventually admitted to killing Staker.Following the confession, jail personnel saw <mask>, who had

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Rivera
Juan Rivera
Rivera
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Rivera


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 a history of mental illness, beating his head against the wall of his cell. A prison nurse determined that <mask> was in an acute psychotic state and was "not in touch with the reality of what was going on around him". Several hours later, detectives entered the room <mask> was in and had him sign the summary account taken by detectives. Detectives reviewed the statement and agreed that many details given by <mask> were inconsistent with the known facts of the crime; it was decided that two other members of the Task Force would re-interview <mask> to try to clear up these "inconsistencies". <mask>'s mental state had not improved by the time the next interview was to take place, so he was placed in heavy restraints and a prison psychiatrist prescribed Haldol, Cogentin, and Ativan. <mask> signed a rights waiver and the interrogation resumed. A detective told <mask> that "there were a lot of questions concerning facts" in his previous statement and that "he wanted to give Mr. <mask> an opportunity to tell the truth on some of those issues".During this interview, detectives suggested details such as, "She had a multi-colored shirt on, right, <mask>?" He had previously misidentified her clothing. The confession that was eventually settled on was closer to the known facts about the crime, but still contained a number of inconsistencies with the crime scene. No physical evidence was found linking him to the crime, and the fingerprints taken from the crime scene did not match <mask>. At the time of the crime, <mask> was wearing an electronic monitor from a previous conviction. Electronic monitoring system records showed that <mask> did not leave his home on August 17, 1992. Phone records also showed a call from <mask>'s home to a relative in Puerto Rico that evening.Trials
<mask> was charged with first-degree murder on the basis of his confession. He was convicted in November 1993. <mask>'s first conviction was overturned and he was retried in 1998. Taylor Arena, the child whom Staker had been babysitting, testified at this trial. Arena, who was 2 years old at the time

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 of Staker's murder and 8 at the time of the retrial, testified that she remembered the events of the evening and identified <mask> as the man who had attacked Staker. After four days of deliberation, the jury acquitted him of the first-degree murder charge, but convicted him on three other murder counts. He was sentenced to life without parole.DNA testing
In 2004, <mask> filed a motion to test the DNA from the vaginal swabs taken from the crime scene. The motion was granted and DNA testing excluded <mask> as the source of the semen sample. <mask>'s conviction was vacated a second time. Despite the DNA evidence, prosecutors made the controversial decision to retry the case. They argued that Staker may have been sexually active or that lab technicians mishandled the DNA. Defense experts noted that if Staker had intercourse prior to the fatal attack, semen would have been found on her underwear. Tests on her undergarments were negative for sperm.Her twin sister denied that Holly was sexually active. On April 13, 2009, <mask>'s third jury trial began. On May 8, the jury found <mask> guilty and he was sentenced to life in prison for the third time. Conviction overturned
In December 2011, <mask>'s conviction was overturned a third and final time. The appellate court criticized the confession, noting the complete absence of any information that was not previously known to members of the investigation team. Each time <mask> gave information that was not already known, the information proved to be false. For example, <mask> claimed to have burned his clothing in a specific dumpster; there was no evidence of a previous fire in that dumpster.He also told investigators that there was another child at the a when there was only a 2-year-old girl. The only details <mask> was able to give investigators that could be corroborated were details that were already known to them. The appellate court criticized the prosecution for dismissing the DNA evidence. The prosecution presented two possible theories as to how the DNA could eliminate <mask>: contamination and previous sex with

masks: Rivera Rivera Rivera Rivera Rivera Rivera Rivera Rivera Rivera Rivera Rivera


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 another man. Regarding the contamination theory, where the prosecution speculated that no sperm was recovered from the autopsy, but someone else's sperm came in contact with the swab sometime later, the courts dismissed it as "highly improbable". The courts similarly dismissed the theory that the victim was sexually active. The evidence presented by the prosecution to support Staker's being sexually active was evidence concerning an incident when she was molested at the age of 8 and an incident of masturbation, and extensive testimony about a pair of red lace panties that she owned.The defense argued that this evidence should never have been introduced because it violated the rape shield law. Typically, this law is invoked by prosecutors to limit the argument by the defense that the victim is the "type of person" who is more likely to engage in sexual activity; however, the law also bars prosecutors from presenting the same type of evidence. Regarding the State's theories on why the DNA did not match, the court wrote:

The State's theories distort to an absurd degree the real and undisputed testimony that the sperm was deposited shortly before the victim died. Simply put, the State's rationalizations of how the DNA from "Unidentified Male #1" came to be found in the victim's body and why none of the defendant's DNA appeared in or around the victim or anywhere at the crime scene cannot save a conviction obtained on a theory of a violent sexual assault and murder. The State did not present any evidence that the victim was in a relationship with anyone. The most reasonable explanation, therefore, of who murdered the victim is not the defendant but rather someone who, unfortunately, has not yet been identified. The trial judge was also criticized for precluding the defense from presenting multiple pieces of exculpatory evidence, including testimony from experts regarding false confessions.Several risk factors were present in this case, including a history of mental illness, his mental state during the interrogation, and multiple interrogation techniques that are


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 known to increase the likelihood of a false confession. The jury was also led to believe that <mask> failed a polygraph test. The defense was precluded from telling the jury the actual results, which were inconclusive. Following the reversal, the appellate court took the extraordinary step of barring prosecutors from retrying the defendant. Knife
In 2014, former Waukegan police chief Dan Greathouse, who is handling the re-investigation of the Staker case, told <mask>'s attorneys that a knife was found a decade before near the crime scene. In 1994, a neighbor uprooted a bush between his house and the murder scene and found a serrated knife. <mask>'s attorneys were not notified about the existence of the weapon, and the police destroyed it without any testing.In the original investigation, police found a broken, straight-edged knife in a nearby yard. No physical evidence connected the weapon to the crime, but prosecutors argued that it was the murder weapon. <mask> confessed that he had broken the knife during the crime and then discarded it. According to Russell Ainsworth, one of <mask>'s lawyers:
The knife is hugely important. It's the potential murder weapon in the case. It could have had the real killer's DNA on it, and it could exclude without any doubt the notion that <mask> had anything to do with this case. To destroy evidence without giving the defense the chance to test it goes against any sense of fairness and justice.<mask>'s lawyers said that a forensic expert they consulted ruled that Staker's wounds point to a knife with a serrated blade rather than a straight edge. Shoes
After <mask>'s conviction was overturned, his attorney sought to conduct further genetic testing on a piece of evidence that prosecutors attempted to introduce at his trial in 1993: a pair of shoes owned by <mask> that were found to have Staker's blood on them. The police collected the shoes a few weeks after <mask>'s arrest from a fellow inmate; <mask> had traded his shoes to the man in exchange for a television set. Prosecutors announced that they would introduce this critical

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 piece of the only physical evidence linking <mask> to the crime. An investigation by the defense revealed that the Voit sneakers, made in Hong Kong, were not available for purchase in the United States until sometime after the murder. The defense took the further step of contacting the Walmart store where the shoes had been purchased and obtained proof that <mask>'s purchase took place after the murder. Prosecutors withdrew the evidence.In 2015, a federal judge ordered DNA testing to investigate the allegations of evidence tampering. The results showed that the blood on the shoes belonged to Staker, and that it contained a second genetic one that matched the semen sample taken from the crime scene. "The only realistic inference from the foregoing evidence is that someone endeavored to plant Holly Staker's blood on Mr. <mask>'s Voit shoes and in doing so inadvertently planted both her blood there and the blood of the as-yet unidentified killer", said <mask>'s attorney. Murder of Delwin Foxworth
In 2014 when DNA testing was conducted on evidence from the Staker crime scene, a match was found with DNA taken from evidence in the murder in 2000 of a North Chicago, Illinois man. Thirty-nine-year-old Delwin Foxworth was reportedly attacked by three burglars in his North Chicago home in January 2000. He was held at gunpoint and tied up before being beaten with a board, doused with gasoline, and set on fire. He was able to extinguish the flames and seek help, but he later died in August 2002 as a result of his injuries.Foxworth's girlfriend, who had witnessed the attack, identified Marvin Tyrone Williford as the killer. Williford was tried largely on that eyewitness testimony; he never confessed and no physical evidence linked him to the crime. Williford was convicted of the murder of Foxworth and is serving an 80-year sentence. His DNA was excluded from that found in a blood sample on the board used in the Foxworth attack. Williford's attorneys insist that the DNA from the Staker crime scene, which matches that in blood from the board used to beat Foxworth, proves that

masks: Rivera Rivera Rivera Rivera


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 Williford is innocent of the latter attack. The two other suspects in the Foxworth case have not been identified. "While Mr. <mask> fought to clear his name and officials fought to keep him in prison, the man who really committed the crime was free to commit this additional crime", said Steven Art, one of <mask>'s attorneys."It's the antithesis of good policing in our society. The community suffers as well". The DNA profile has been entered into criminal databases, but has not yet been identified. Settlement
After serving 20 years in prison, <mask> filed a federal civil rights case against officials of the city of Waukegan and Lake County for wrongful conviction. He received a US$20 million settlement, at the time the largest-ever settlement for a wrongful conviction in U.S. history. City attorney Steve Martin told the city council that the city's portion, $7.5 million, was
the best economic decision the city could make in this case. We all agreed that this was an excellent settlement for the city of Waukegan.I understand it's a lot of money, but considering the downside that could have occurred in a courtroom with the case, it was felt economically, it would be extremely beneficial to the city to pay out that amount of money. The settlement included a payment of $2 million from John E. Reid & Associates, who are known for the Reid technique. <mask> was taken to Reid headquarters in Chicago twice for polygraph tests; the results form the first test were inconclusive, but on the second test <mask> was reported as exhibiting general deception and subsequently admitted that he did lie to the test question about his alibi, but continued to deny any involvement in the death of Holly Staker. Over the next several days he was interrogated by law enforcement. See also
List of wrongful convictions in the United States
Innocence Project

References

People wrongfully convicted of murder
People from Illinois
Overturned convictions in the United States
Evidence tampering
People from Waukegan, Illinois
1972 births
Crime in Illinois
Living people
20th-century Puerto Rican

masks: Rivera Rivera Rivera Rivera Rivera


texts: <mask> (; born 7 July 1984) is an Italian football manager and former player. Mainly a central midfielder, he usually operated as a deep-lying playmaker, but was also capable of playing as an attacking midfielder. He is the head coach of Fiorentina Primavera. <mask> began his career with Italian side Roma and, after a brief loan spell at Triestina, returned to the Serie A club where he became a regular in the Roma side during the 2005–06 season, earning the nickname "Il Principino" (The Little Prince), due to his resemblance to former Roma legend Giuseppe Giannini, both in terms of appearance and playing style, who was known as "Il Principe" (The Prince). During the following season, he suffered a thigh injury and was ruled out for several months. In 2007 and 2008 he won consecutive Coppa Italia titles with Roma, as well as the 2007 Supercoppa Italiana. He moved to English club Liverpool for the start of the 2009–10 season but in August 2010, having received only limited playing time at Anfield due to injury, he returned to Italy and joined Juventus on loan until the end of the 2010–11 season.Aquilani returned to Liverpool at the end of the season as Juventus did not take up their purchase option. He went on loan again in 2011, playing for Italian club Milan for the 2011–12 season, and was subsequently sold to Fiorentina in 2012, where he remained until his transfer to Portuguese club Sporting CP in 2015; he returned to Italy in 2016, joining Pescara, and was later loaned to Sassuolo for the second half the season. In 2017, he joined Spanish club Las Palmas, but was released by the club at the end of the season. After a year without a club, he announced his retirement in 2019. Internationally, <mask> has represented Italy at various youth levels, while at senior level,

masks:
Alberto Aquilani
Aquilani
Aquilani


texts:
 he made his full international début in November 2006 in a 1–1 draw against Turkey. In total, he made 38 appearances for Italy between 2006 and 2014, scoring 5 goals, and also took part at Euro 2008, the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup (winning a bronze medal in the tournament), and the 2014 FIFA World Cup with the Italian senior team. Club career

Roma

In 2001, when Aquilani was 17, Chelsea and Arsenal offered him contracts, but he declined the offers to continue playing for his youth club Roma.He made his debut in Serie A at the age of 18 on 10 May 2002 under then manager Fabio Capello against Torino. Roma won that game 3–1. He was loaned to Serie B club Triestina for the 2003–04 season to gain first team experience. Returning to Roma in the 2004–05 season, he broke into the starting XI. On 31 March 2005 Aquilani signed a new 5-year contract with Roma, which worth €1.1M, €1.25M, €1.48M, €1.61M and €1.79M respectively from 2005–10 in gross annually. In the 2005–06 season, he scored the second goal in the derby victory on 26 February 2006, a victory in which Roma broke the record for the most consecutive wins in Serie A, a record later broken by Internazionale in the 2006–07 season. In the following season, Aquilani was expected to be one of Roma's best players.He was given the number 8 shirt previously worn by Matteo Ferrari. Unfortunately, an injury forced him out of the game for several months. Aquilani returned to the field in May 2007 and featured in three games towards the end of the season, including the last two. He scored two long range goals in the first two matches of the 2007–08 season against Palermo and Siena. Although he was injured in October 2007, he returned to the squad in January 2008. <mask> was injured again on 22 October 2008 against Chelsea. He


texts:
 returned to action on 11 January 2009 against Milan but picked up another injury in February.Although he played against Arsenal as a last minute substitute on 11 March 2009, he did not play any part for the rest of the season. On 26 May 2009, Aquilani signed a new contract with Roma until 2013, adding three more years to previous deal. He was offered an annual gross salary of €3.2 million for 2008–09 season; €3.6 million in 2009–10 season; €3.9 million in 2010–11 season and ultimately €4.2 million in the last two-year of the contract. Liverpool
On 5 August 2009, Liverpool announced that they had agreed a deal with Roma for the transfer of Aquilani, subject to a medical test. The club subsequently announced that the player had passed the medical test and signed a five-year contract on 7 August 2009. Roma revealed that the fee was €20 million (£17 million) plus sporting bonus. <mask> was handed the number 4 shirt, last worn by Sami Hyypiä, who joined Bayer Leverkusen at the end of the 2008–09 season.<mask> made his Liverpool reserves debut with a 15-minute substitute appearance in a 2–0 win against Sunderland reserves on 21 October 2009. His first game for Liverpool was a 2–1 4th round League Cup defeat to Arsenal, coming on in the 77th minute for Damien Plessis. He made his Premier League debut on 9 November, as a late substitute against Birmingham City in a 2–2 draw. <mask> made his first start against Fiorentina in a Champions League match on 9 December 2009, where Liverpool lost 2–1. <mask> made his first Premier League start against Wolves on 26 December 2009 and received a standing ovation from the Kop when he was substituted in the 84th minute for Daniel Pacheco. <mask> next started for Liverpool in their 2–0 win over Bolton Wanderers, where he got his second

masks: Aquilani Aquilani Aquilani Aquilani Aquilani


texts:
 assist for Liverpool, again setting up Dirk Kuyt. He scored his first goal for Liverpool on 15 March 2010 against Portsmouth and he also assisted Fernando Torres for the fourth Liverpool goal.He was voted man of the match by the fans on Liverpool's official website. Aquilani also gained the man of the match award in his next Liverpool league start, against Fulham in a goalless draw at Anfield. In his next start for Liverpool he finished the match with three assists during a 4–0 away win against Burnley On 29 April 2010 he scored a goal against Atlético Madrid in the Europa League, cancelling out Atlético's first leg goal from Diego Forlán by scoring moments before half-time. Despite a great performance from Aquilani on the night, Liverpool eventually went out of the semi-finals on the away goal rule after Yossi Benayoun had put Liverpool 2–0 up, as Forlán scored his second of the tie in exta-time to take the aggregate score to 2–2. Aquilani won the LFC Man of the Match award again after his performance. Aquilani also played in Liverpool's last 2 games of the season, a 2–0 defeat at the hands of Chelsea at Anfield and a goalless draw away to Hull City at the KC Stadium. In total, Aquilani played 26 times in his debut season for the reds, scoring twice but rarely playing the full 90 minutes.With the departure of Rafael Benítez in June 2010, new manager Roy Hodgson played him in the pre-season, but stated publicly in mid-August that Aquilani may go back to his native Italy on loan for a full season, where he could gain match fitness through regular appearances. Juventus (loan)
On 21 August 2010, a deal between Liverpool and Juventus was agreed, to allow Aquilani to go on a one-season loan deal to Juventus with an option of a permanent move. He made his debut for the


texts:
 Bianconeri on 12 September in a 3–3 draw with Sampdoria from coming on as a substitute for Simone Pepe. He came on as a sub again on 23 September in a 3–1 home defeat to Sicilian club Palermo. His first start for the club came on 26 September in a 4–2 win against Cagliari. After that Aquilani played 80 minutes against reigning champions Internazionale in a goalless draw before he scored his first goal for the club on 17 October in a 4–0 home win against Lecce two weeks later. He played his first full 90 minutes away to Bologna in another 0–0 draw.On 5 February, he played the full 90 minutes in a 3–1 away win over Cagliari with his next match being against Inter in a 1–0 win. On 21 April, Kenny Dalglish claimed Aquilani still had a future at Liverpool, despite claims that he wanted to remain in Italy. Aquilani returned to Liverpool after Juventus decided against making his transfer permanent. Milan (loan)
On 4 July 2011, Aquilani started pre-season training with Liverpool, though his agent later confirmed that his wish was to stay at Juventus in Serie A. He was included in the squad's pre-season tour of Asia and marked his return to the team in a friendly against Guangdong Sunray Cave on 13 July. He subsequently impressed against a Malaysian XI on 16 July 2011. On 25 August 2011, Aquilani joined Milan on loan for the 2011–12 season with Milan having an option to make the move permanent at the end of the season, despite pulling a string of impressive performances during the pre-season tour in Asia.Liverpool manager Kenny Dalglish paid tribute to Aquilani on his departure, stating that the only reason for the loan was an inability to fit the player into the team's preferred formation. Damien Comolli, Liverpool director of football, said, "I want to pay tribute to the way


texts:
 <mask> has conducted himself during these discussions. Throughout the entire process, his only desire has been to play football and he has put this ahead of any other considerations and at personal cost to himself." Aquilani made his debut for the Rossoneri in the opening game of the 2011–12 season against Lazio, and had an immediate impact by being involved in the build-up for Milan's first goal with a neat pass to Antonio Cassano, and assisting the second goal himself from a corner-kick. On 13 September 2011, he made his European debut for Milan in the UEFA Champions League against FC Barcelona at the Camp Nou, coming off the bench to help Milan secure a 2–2 draw. On 18 September 2011, <mask> scored his first goal for Milan in his second Serie A match for the club, heading home a cross from Cassano to open the scoring against Napoli at the San Paolo in Naples. Fiorentina
Aquilani returned to Liverpool for pre-season training in preparation for their 2012–13 season.He was included in the squad for Liverpool's pre-season tour of North America and played 45 minutes in the opening match against Toronto FC. The club accepted an undisclosed fee for the midfielder from Fiorentina in Italy, and his transfer was completed on 3 August 2012. Following the transfer, Aquilani averred that only an excessive price that Liverpool had placed on him had prevented him completing permanent moves to Milan and Juventus following his successful loan spells. Fiorentina revealed that Aquilani had only cost the club €790,000 as other cost. Liverpool allowed Aquilani to leave the club for free thus Roma also received nothing from the bonus clause. On 26 January 2014 in a match against Genoa Aquilani scored his first career hat-trick in a thrilling 3–3 draw. Aquilani reached the 2014 Coppa

masks: Alberto Aquilani


texts:
 Italia Final with Fiorentina that season, where they were defeated by Napoli.The following season, Fiorentina finished the league in fourth place for a third consecutive season, while also reaching the semi-finals of the 2014–15 UEFA Europa League. Sporting CP
Following the conclusion of the 2014–15 season with Fiorentina, Aquilani became a free agent after his contract was not renewed. In August 2015, he signed with Portuguese club Sporting CP on a three-year contract, reportedly worth €1 million per season. Pescara
On 26 August 2016, Aquilani signed with Pescara. Sassuolo (loan)
On 3 January 2017, Aquilani signed with Sassuolo on loan until the end of the 2016–17 season. Las Palmas
On 25 August 2017 and following his departure from Pescara, <mask> signed a two-year contract with Spanish La Liga side Las Palmas. In July 2018, following the club's relegation, Aquilani was released from his contract.On 28 June 2019, after one season without a club, <mask> announced his retirement. International career
At youth level, <mask> was capped for Italy at 2001 UEFA European Under-16 Championship qualifying. He won 2003 UEFA European Under-19 Championship with Italy and scored one goal, later being named the tournament's best player. He was then promoted to the U21 team and took part in 2006 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualifying, but missed out on the final tournament due to injury. <mask> made his senior debut on 15 November 2006 in a 1–1 friendly against Turkey. He played as a regular during the 2007 U-21 Championship held in the Netherlands, scoring two goals, and being named in the "UEFA Team of the Tournament". Italy finished 5th and qualified for the 2008 Olympics.He was named to the 23-man roster for Euro 2008, his first major international tournament. He came

masks: Aquilani Aquilani Aquilani Aquilani


texts:
 on as a sub in Italy's third game of the tournament, which was a 2–0 victory over France. He started Italy's quarter-final match against Spain due to the suspensions of Andrea Pirlo and Gennaro Gattuso. Italy lost 4–2 in a penalty shootout after a goalless draw after extra time. <mask> scored his first goal for Italy during the 2010 World Cup qualification match against Montenegro on 15 October 2008, a tally he doubled later in the same match. In spite of this, the national team manager Marcello Lippi opted not to include him in the 23-man Italian squad for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. In Italy's UEFA Euro 2012 qualification campaign, <mask> played his first game in a 1–0 away win against Slovenia on 25 March 2011, playing for the full 90 minutes.He also started in Italy's next match at home against Estonia on 3 June, but came off in the first half of the 3–0 win due to a head injury. On 10 August 2011, he scored his third international goal with the late winner in a friendly against defending world champions Spain. Aquilani took part at the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup under manager Cesare Prandelli, where Italy managed a third-place finish; in the victorious bronze medal match against Uruguay, he converted a penalty in the resulting shoot-out. On 11 October 2013, Aquilani scored the late equalizing goal in Italy's 2–2 away draw against Denmark during the team's 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign; this was his fifth goal for Italy. He was an unused member of Italy's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad, as the Italians suffered a group-stage elimination. Style of play
<mask> was a modern, hard-working and versatile playmaker who was capable of functioning in a number of midfield roles, from a holding role as a deep-lying playmaker, to a more advanced trequartista or attacking

masks: Aquilani Aquilani Aquilani


texts:
 midfielder. His favoured position was that of an offensive-minded central midfielder or box-to-box midfielder, a position known as the "mezz'ala" role, in Italy, which enabled him to make late attacking runs from behind into the penalty area or create space for team-mates with his movement, despite his lack of notable pace or physicality; he was also used on the wing, or even as a wing-back on occasion.With the Italy national team, he was also deployed in a different role, as a false-attacking midfielder on occasion, under manager Cesare Prandelli. Throughout his career, Aquilani drew praise for his vision, creativity, technique, quick incisive passing, which enabled him to dictate the tempo of his team's plays in midfield, and was also noted for his energy and long-range shooting ability with either foot. Due to his eye for goal, height, and heading accuracy, he was also effective in the air, and was also accurate from set-pieces, which enabled him to contribute to his team's offensive play with additional goals from midfield. Despite his talent in his youth, he was often injury prone throughout his career, which limited his playing time and affected his fitness and consistency, and as a result, he has been accused by some in the sport of not living up to his initial potential. Managerial career
On 11 July 2019, <mask> was announced as the head coach of Fiorentina's under-18 team, remaining in that position until December, when he joined the first team staff as an assistant to Giuseppe Iachini. On 19 July 2020, he was appointed as head coach of the Primavera squad. On 26 August 2020, the side successfully defended the Coppa Italia Primavera title, beating Hellas Verona 1–0 in the final.Personal life
Aquilani married Michela Quattrociocche on 4 July 2012. Together,


texts:
 they have two daughters: Aurora (b. 18 April 2011) and Diamante (b. 3 November 2014). On 11 May 2020, it was announced that the two had separated. Career statistics

Club

1Europe includes UEFA Champions League, UEFA Cup and UEFA Europa League
2Other includes Supercoppa Italiana, Football League Cup, Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira, and Taça da Liga

International
Updated to games played 18 November 2014.

International goals
Scores and results list Italy's goal tally first. Honours

Club
Roma
 Coppa Italia: 2006–07, 2007–08
 Supercoppa Italiana: 2007

International
Italy
 FIFA Confederations Cup: Third place 2013

Italy U-19
 UEFA European Under-19 Championship: 2003

Individual
 UEFA European Under-19 Championship Player of the Tournament: 2003
 UEFA European Under-21 Championship Team of the Tournament: 2007

References

External links

 LFChistory.net player profile

 FIGC National Team Archive

1984 births
Living people
Footballers from Rome
Italian footballers
Italy youth international footballers
Italy under-21 international footballers
Italy international footballers
Italian expatriate footballers
Italian expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Association football midfielders
A.S. Roma players
U.S. Triestina Calcio 1918 players
Liverpool F.C.players
Juventus F.C. players
A.C. Milan players
ACF Fiorentina players
Sporting CP footballers
Delfino Pescara 1936 players
U.S. Sassuolo Calcio players
UD Las Palmas players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Premier League players
Primeira Liga players
La Liga players
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate footballers in Portugal
Italian expatriate sportspeople in England
Italian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
UEFA Euro 2008 players
2013 FIFA Confederations Cup players
2014 FIFA World Cup players
Italian


texts:
<mask> (19 December 1910 - 1 September 2001) was a German sculptor. Her most productive phase coincided with the early years of the  German Democratic Republic (East Germany). Life

Provenance and early years
<mask> was born in Berlin. Her father is variously described as a businessman and as a factory owner. Elsewhere her parents are described as distant and domineering. She grew up in a prosperous household in a substantial family home in Berlin's Schmöckwitz quarter. The household included a housekeeper, a gardener and a chauffeur.She attended the single-sex secondary school in the city's Neukölln quarter. While she was there someone lent her a book by Karl Marx which she took home and read. Uncomprehending but captivated, this in due course triggered Hahne's enduring commitment to socialist values which was at variance with her parents' middle-class conservatism. Career choices
On leaving school she trained as an gymnastics-orthopedics teacher, and for several years worked as a gymnastics teacher, pursuing this career till 1936. Despite her background she had already made contact with elements of the labour movement and Communist Party. In 1930 she first met Jean Weidt, and in the early 1930s was a member of Weidt's expressionist "Red Dancers" company. Between 1931 and 1933 she took part in performances at Communist Party events.In 1933 she even took part in the first Theatre Olympiad Review in Moscow. However, 1933 was also the year in which, in January, the political backdrop was transformed when the Nazi Party took power and converted Germany into a one-party dictatorship. Jean Weidt himself fled abroad in May 1933, and <mask> <mask>'s parallel career as a member of a communist expressionist dance company came to an end. A couple of years later she quit her teaching job, and between 1936 and 1940 studied sculpture at the Berlin Arts Academy. Here she eventually became a "master student" of . Another of her teachers was Arno Breker, who was by now becoming a high-profile government supporter. In 1940/41 she received a bursary to

masks:
Ruthild Hahne
Ruthd Hahne
Ruthild
Hahne


texts:
 study at the Villa Massimo art institute in Rome.This period saw her produce her classically formed small sculptures and portraits of children. Resistance
Wilhelm Gerstel's other master students included Fritz Cremer and . After the coming to power of the Nazis it was through these fellow students that Huhne came into contact with  with whom she fell in love. In 1941 they moved in together. Since 1938 <mask> <mask> had been identified by the Gestapo as a member of the Red Orchestra ("Rote Kapelle"), a classification used by the authorities that included those believed to be involved in political activism or espionage activities on behalf of the Soviet Union. In the case of the Berlin Arts Academy there was indeed a resistance group among the arts students and Ruthild <mask>, reflecting her socialist beliefs, participated in it. Her apartment at Nachodstraße 20 in the Berlin quarter of Wilmersdorf became a meeting point for resistance members and appears to have been one of the places where she worked with comrades on production of "Die innere Front" ("The Home Front"), an illegal anti-government news-sheet.In Autumn 1942 the resistance cell was uncovered and its members were arrested on 21 October 1942. They faced the special "people's court" on 21 August 1943 and were convicted of performing illegal actions. <mask>'s partner, Wolfgang Thiess, was sentenced to death and executed on 9 September 1943. <mask> Hahne received a prison sentence of slightly less than five years. By this time, however, the world war had turned against Germany and the Soviet army had started a long advance from the east that would culminate in the capture of Berlin. In February 1945 <mask> was able to escape from the women's prison in Cottbus where she was being held:  she now joined up with the Red army. War ended in May 1945 and in June 1945 <mask> Hahne returned to Berlin, penniless but free.She now lost no time in joining the Communist Party of Germany and when, in April 1946, within what would later become East Germany the party was controversially merged to

masks: Ruthild Hahne Hahne Hahne Ruthild Hahne Ruthilde


texts:
 form the new Socialist Unity Party ("Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands" / SED), she was among the thousands who lost no time in signing their membership across to what quickly evolved to become the ruling party for a new kind of German dictatorship. Sculptor
With Berlin now surrounded by the Soviet occupation zone, and the eastern part of the city administered as part of it, Hahne acquired an apartment in what was becoming the Breitenbach Square (Breitenbachplatz) artists' quarter. Between 1946 and 1950 she worked as a teacher at the Applied Arts Academy (later better known as the Weißensee Arts Academy), of which some sources identify her as a co-founder. In her first major exhibition, held in the Arsenal Museum (Zeughaus) she included a Head of Lenin which, according to her son, created a stir. It showed not merely the familiar power and energy of the man, but also a less familiar warmth and  approachability. This opened the way to a career as a portrait sculptor, with busts of national heroes such as Karl Liebknecht (1950) and political leaders such as Wilhelm Pieck (1960) and even Walter Ulbricht (1963) that were displayed in schools and ministries. In October 1949 the Soviet occupation zone was relaunched as  the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), and Hahne's political portrait-busts were and also presented as gifts to leaders of the new country's "socialist brother nations".Along with her more directly political portraiture, Hahne also produced more portrait-busts of children. In 1953 Ruthild Hahne beat 182 rivals in a competition to provide a vast memorial to the former Communist leader Ernst Thälmann, to be placed what became, till 1986, Thälmann Square (Thälmannplatz). The work in some ways represented a career highlight, but was never completed. A succession of practical challenges delayed the project which then received its deathblow in 1961 with the erection of the Berlin Wall directly adjacent to its intended location. By this time, too, tastes had changed, and even in East Germany the imposing scale of the


texts:
 proposed memorial led to its characterisation in one official report as a "vulgar superficially illustrative realist construct" ("vulgäre, äußerlich illustrative Realismusauffassung"). There was also personal criticism of Hahne's "sinecure" based life style. Hahne was finally obliged to end work on the project in 1965:  in the end, it was not till 1986 that a new national leader, Erich Honecker sanctioned Berlin's official public memorial to Thälmann , but it was placed in a different location and produced by a different artist, comrade Lev Kerbel.After the long-running saga of the Thälmann Square memorial, Hahne's public profile was somewhat diminished. She nevertheless continued to produce portrait busts, notably of the writers Bruno Apitz (1966) and Kurt Stern (1968). In 1971, which coincidentally or not was the year in which Walter Ulbricht lost power, Ruthild <mask> was awarded the Patriotic Order of Merit in silver. It was only in 1985 that she was able to hold her first personal exhibition. Legacy
Ruthild <mask>'s legacy has been nurtured by her adopted son, Dr. <mask>. Between 09.00 and 15.00 he works as an Egyptologist, studying hieroglyphs. The second part of the afternoon he devotes to his mother's former studio, where he still lives and curates what has become a private museum where in 2008 it was reported that visitors could sometimes take the opportunity study Ruthild <mask>'s work.Parts of the Thälmann memorial to which she devoted so many years were destroyed after 1965. Others, including notably a half sized image of Thälmann and a group of "workers and peasants" positioned behind him, can still be seen at the studio-museum curated by her son at house number 201/1 in Berlin-Niederschönhausen. The Berlin Märkische Museum also houses two quarter-sized sections of Huhne's frieze design for the memorial. References

1910 births
2001 deaths
Artists from Berlin
20th-century German sculptors
Communists in the German Resistance
People condemned by Nazi courts
Recipients of the Patriotic Order of Merit in silver
People from East

masks:
Hahne
Hahne
Stefan Hahne
Hahne


texts:
<mask> (born February 7, 1963) is an American Naval officer and former NASA astronaut. She has achieved the rank of Captain in the United States Navy. She is also a qualified and experienced salvage officer. Her major salvage projects include de-stranding the tanker Exxon Houston off the coast of Barbers Point, on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, and developing the plan for the Peruvian Navy salvage of the Peruvian submarine . Stefanyshyn-Piper has received numerous honors and awards, such as the Meritorious Service Medal, two Navy Commendation Medals, and two Navy Achievement Medals. She has flown on two Space Shuttle missions, STS-115 and STS-126, during which she completed five spacewalks totaling 33 hours and 42 minutes. As of , she ranks 39th on the all-time list of space walkers by duration.Early life and education
Stefanyshyn-Piper was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States, of Ukrainian-American heritage. Her father, Michael (Mykhailo) Stefanyshyn, now deceased, was born in Polish-governed Halychyna (today in Ukraine), and sent to work in Germany during World War II. After the end of the war, he married a German woman and they both immigrated to the U.S. Stefanyshyn-Piper's mother, Adelheid Stefanyshyn, lived in St. Paul until her death in 2018. Stefanyshyn-Piper was raised in the Ukrainian cultural community of Minneapolis–Saint Paul, is a member of Plast – a Ukrainian scouting organization, and speaks Ukrainian. Stefanyshyn-Piper graduated in 1980 from what was then the all-girls Derham Hall High School in St. Paul, and holds Bachelor of Science (1984) and Master of Science (1985) degrees in mechanical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). She is a licensed ham radio