texts: afternoon. Bigelow was in a quandary.His troops and others were receiving fire from the San Juan Heights that was fortified by the Spanish defenders. Other units went into position on the left and the right. But still no orders to advance came. Bigelow's second in command, First Lieutenant Jules Garesche Ord, son of General Otho Cresap Ord, was sent to Brigadier General Hamilton S. Hawkins asking permission to attack. Hawkins refused to give permission but did not deny it either. En route back to the company, Ord passed by the different units including Roosevelt's Rough Riders and asked them to support the regulars when they went up the hill. Captain Bigelow led his soldiers up the steep slopes to the heights of San Juan Hill.Advancing through blistering fire, Bigelow was hit but continued to urge his men forward. Just past the midway point he was hit in quick succession by three Spanish bullets which caused him to fall. Several soldiers present reported that he encouraged them with, "Men, don't stop for me, just keep up the charge until you get to the top of the hill." His men did so and were able to provide covering fire for those attacking adjacent to them. Bigelow's second in command, Jules Ord, reached the top and began directing supporting fire when he was hit in the throat and mortally wounded. On that one day and one place, one half of the 10th's officers and one-fifth of its soldiers became casualties. First Lieutenant <mask>. Pershing, quartermaster of the 10th, took over command of D Troop.Pershing had helped lead the charge up Kettle Hill with the right flank of the 10th. Bigelow was awarded the Silver Star for his actions on San Juan Hill. In August 1899, he turned down a lieutenant colonelcy with a volunteer regiment to stay with the 10th. This act was perceived as a snub. It took many months for him to recover from his wounds and he found himself back in Cuba in 1899. He spent the next three years investigating Spanish


type: original

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 war claims there. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
From 1894 to 1898 Bigelow was a professor of Military Science and Tactics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).Bigelow used the campaign of Chancellorsville in his lectures "'….because that campaign presented a greater variety of military problems and experiences than any other in which an army of the United States had taken part.' In addition, he added, no other battle approaching Chancellorsville 'in importance, has been so imperfectly apprehended and described.'" Bigelow published his research on Chancellorsville in the book The Campaign of Chancellorsville: A Strategic and Tactical Study published by Yale University Press in 1910 and reissued in the 1990s by Morningside Press. This 528-page publication set a high standard for military publications of its kind. He is noted as bringing "the highest zeal and intelligence" to his teaching at MIT. From 1905 to 1910 he was again at MIT as a professor of French and was also the head of the Department of Modern Languages. Superintendent of Yosemite National Park
Returning to the United States, he was shuffled from one fort to another each further westward until he reached the Presidio of San Francisco in later part of 1903.His repeated efforts for an active command fell on deaf ears. In 1904 he became the superintendent of Yosemite National Park which was then considered a retirement posting. Once again he served with elements of the 9th Cavalry Buffalo Soldiers. In early 1904, Bigelow ordered an arboretum on the South Fork of the Merced then in the southern section of Yosemite National Park. This arboretum had pathways and benches, and some plants were identified in both English and Latin. This "Pioneer attempt" to interpret the botanical features of Yosemite was 16 years before Dr. Harold C. Bryant's nature guiding service which became the nucleus of the interpretive program for the National Park Service. Dr. Bryant


texts:
 was inspired by Joseph Grinnell who cited Bigelow's arboretum in his 1914 work on Yosemite.Yosemite's arboretum is considered by the National Park System to be the first museum. The NPS cites a 1904 report, where Bigelow declared the arboretum "To provide a great museum of nature for the general public free of cost ..." Unfortunately, the forces of developers, miners and greed cut the boundaries of Yosemite in 1905 and the arboretum was nearly destroyed. Bigelow and his Buffalo Soldiers, as military stewards, were some of the first "Park Rangers" that protected the national parks from illegal grazing, poaching, timber thieves, and forest fires. But they and their leaders came against those who influence or control politics, the soldiers followed their orders and allowed "progress." Bigelow became more aware that he had become "persona non grata" for his stanch support for the black Buffalo Soldiers. Seeing the winds of change shrinking Yosemite and Claiming ill health, he retired from the army in late September 1904. Then he headed east toward home where he would write and teach.Retirement
<mask>'s retirement from the Army did not stop him from working. He became a professor of French and the head of the Department of Modern Languages at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1905 to 1910. Afterward he devoted himself to studying strategy, tactics and international relations. He wrote several books on these subjects (e.g. American Policy:  The Western Hemisphere in its Relation to the Eastern). His efforts to become a foreign statesman like his father was turned down. His unintentional snubbing of Teddy Roosevelt in 1899 and undaunted support for black troops continued to prevent him from serving his country like his father.In 1914 when war broke out in Europe, he redoubled his effort to join the diplomatic corps and when that failed, he offered to serve in any capacity. As America was dragged into World War I, Bigelow was


texts:
 recalled to active duty as a lieutenant colonel. Again he was denied an active command and served at Rutgers and in the War Department's Historical Branch until his release in the later part of 1919. He and his wife Mary suffered a tremendous loss in 1917. Their only son, Braxton had been killed in action while serving with the British near Loos. Braxton decided to get in the war early and in 1915 became an officer in the British Royal Engineers. By the time of his death he was a Captain and had received many awards for his service.After the war years, Bigelow and his wife traveled to Europe with their daughter Jane. They visited the grave of their son and he explored the possibility of serving with the British. Discouraged by what he saw in Europe he returned home. On February 29, 1936 with war looming once again in Europe he died at home in Washington, D. C.

Honors and awards
During his military career, Bigelow earned the Silver Star while attacking up San Juan Hill in Cuba. He received a Purple Heart for his four wounds received there. Military promotions

Publications

 The Principles of Strategy, Illustrated Mainly from American Campaigns. Philadelphia: Lippincott Co., 1894.Reminiscences of the Santiago Campaign. New York and London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1899. The Campaign of Chancellorsville: A Strategic and Tactical Study. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1910. See also

 Jules Garesche Ord
 Battle of San Juan Hill
Delayed after action report of D Troop by Bigelow on December 18, 1898. After action report of D Troop by A. E. Kennington. Notes

References

Further reading

External links

Buffalo Soldiers
1854 births
1936 deaths
United States Army officers
American military personnel of the Indian Wars
American military personnel of the Spanish–American War
United States Army personnel of World War I
Cavalry commanders
Texas–Indian Wars
American male writers
Recipients of the Silver Star
Massachusetts Institute of


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<mask> (born August 20, 1944), nicknamed "Puff", is an American former Major League Baseball third baseman. During a 22-year baseball career, he played for the Minnesota Twins (1967–1969), Cleveland Indians (1970–1972), New York Yankees (1973–1983), San Diego Padres (1984–1986), Atlanta Braves (1987), and Montreal Expos (1988). <mask> was one of the best defensive third basemen of all time, and despite his relatively low career batting average, he was an excellent offensive contributor, setting an American League record for career home runs by a third baseman. His 68.0 Wins Above Replacement (WAR) is the highest among all players with a batting average of .250 or lower. As a part of four pennant-winning Yankee teams, <mask> enjoyed his best season in 1977 when he won the Gold Glove Award and had career-highs in home runs (37) and runs batted in (107) in leading the Yankees to the World Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers. Early life
<mask> was born and raised in San Diego, California. <mask>' unusual first name derives from his mother's dislike of the names Greg and Craig – and her combining the two to produce "Graig.""My dad was away at the war, so he didn't have any say." The name also led to confusion for baseball card companies; the error-prone inaugural 1981 Fleer baseball card set includes an error card where his name is spelled "Graig" on the front, and "Craig" on the back. <mask> graduated from San Diego High School in 1962 then attended San Diego State College on a basketball scholarship. and played for both the Aztecs' basketball and baseball teams. In 1964 and 1965, he played collegiate summer baseball for the Alaska Goldpanners of the Alaska Baseball League, helping to lead the team to two league championships. Career
The Minnesota Twins drafted <mask> in the fourth round of the 1965 Major League Baseball draft.

masks:
Graig Nettles
Nettles
Nettles
Nettles
Nettles
Nettles
Nettles


texts: He made his MLB debut with the Twins on September 6, 1967.<mask> batted .222 in 96 games with the Twins in 1969. On December 10, 1969, the Twins traded <mask> with Dean Chance, Ted Uhlaender, and a player to be named later (PTBNL) to the Cleveland Indians for Luis Tiant and Stan Williams. After playing three seasons with the Indians, <mask> was acquired with Jerry Moses by the New York Yankees for John Ellis, Charlie Spikes, Rusty Torres and Jerry Kenney at the Winter Meetings on November 27, 1972. The Indians traded <mask> due to a feud between <mask> and manager Ken Aspromonte. <mask> was named the AL player of the month for April 1974, as he set the AL record for home runs in a month with 11. On September 7, 1974, <mask> was caught using a bat that had six superballs inside it. He said that he had received the bat from a Yankees fan in Chicago and did not know that the bat had been altered.On September 14, , <mask> and his brother Jim homered in the same game, joining a select club that includes Bret and Aaron Boone, José and Héctor Cruz, Felipe and César Crespo, Al and Tony Cuccinello, Joe and Dom DiMaggio,  and Rick and Wes Ferrell. The seven sets of brothers hit their homers playing for opposing teams. <mask> was named the starting third baseman for the AL in the 1975 MLB All-Star Game. During a brawl in a game against the Boston Red Sox on May 20, , <mask>, who was on second base at the onset of the brawl, tackled Boston pitcher Bill Lee from behind. When it appeared that the dust had settled and the brawl was over, Lee confronted <mask> for tackling him from behind. The fracas resumed when <mask> swung at Lee. More players joined in the fray and <mask> broke Lee's collarbone when they went down in the pile.Despite the incident, <mask> was not suspended and went on to lead the American League with 32 home runs. <mask>

masks: Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles


texts: enjoyed his best season in 1977, when he picked up his first of two Gold Glove Awards, and crushed 37 homers and 107 RBI in helping lead the Yankees to a World Series win over the Dodgers. The following season, <mask> earned his second Gold Glove to help the Yankees bring back-to-back World Series championships to the Bronx. During Game 3 of the 1978 World Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers at Yankee Stadium, with the Dodgers leading the series two games to none, <mask> made several plays at the hot corner to stop potential run-scoring hits, and helping the Yankees gain a key win in the series. New York went on to win the next three contests and clinch the world championship. In July 1980, <mask> hit his 267th career home run, the most among AL third basemen. He was limited to 89 games in 1980 because of hepatitis, which plagued him all year long.In the fall of 1982, George Steinbrenner, the Yankees owner, stated that <mask> "is in the twilight of his career, and if he never plays another game for me, he has earned more than what I have paid him." This comment insulted <mask>, and led to his increased dissatisfaction with the Yankees. The Yankees acquired Toby Harrah in February 1984, intending to platoon him with <mask> at third base. Dissatisfied with the platoon, <mask> reported to spring training at the deadline for his arrival. On March 30, 1984, the Yankees traded <mask> to the San Diego Padres for Dennis Rasmussen and a PTBNL. <mask> had wanted to play closer to his San Diego home, and his approval of the trade was required given his years of service. <mask> famously characterized his career with the Yankees when he said that "[w]hen I was a little boy, I wanted to be a baseball player and join the circus.With the Yankees I have accomplished both." <mask> was involved in the infamous 1984 "San Diego Padres–Atlanta

masks: Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles


texts:
 Braves Beanball Game", while playing for the Padres during a Braves home game on August 12, 1984. <mask> charged the mound, and attempted to tackle Braves relief pitcher Donnie Moore, after Moore intentionally beaned <mask>. <mask> missed and then was thrown to the ground by Braves first baseman (and former longtime Yankee teammate) Chris Chambliss. In 1985, after teammate Eric Show surrendered Pete Rose's record-breaking 4,192nd hit, <mask> was known for saying, "The Birch Society is going to expel Eric for making a Red famous," in reference to Show's association with the anti-Communist group, the John Birch Society. The Padres declined to offer <mask> a contract after the 1986 season, making him a free agent. He signed with the Braves for the 1987 season as a non-roster player, making the Braves' 24-man Opening Day roster.<mask> re-signed with the Braves for the 1988 season. The Montreal Expos purchased <mask> on March 24, 1988. In his 22-season career, <mask> hit .248 with 390 home runs and 1,314 RBI in 2,700 games. He had a career fielding percentage of .964, exceptional for the hot corner (third base). After retiring at age 43, <mask> coached for the Yankees (1991) and Padres (1995). After baseball
<mask> resides in Lenoir City, Tennessee, a suburb of Knoxville. Graig and his wife Ginger have four children: Michael (deceased), Barrie, Tim, and Jeff.Jeff was selected by the Yankees in the 47th round of the 1998 draft. <mask> managed and played for the St. Lucie Legends of the Senior Professional Baseball Association in 1989. He also played for the league's Bradenton Explorers. <mask> batted .301 and played in a total of 62 games; 10 for St. Lucie and 52 for Bradenton. <mask> managed the Bakersfield Blaze of the California League in 1996 to a 39-101 record. <mask> served as a consultant for The Bronx Is Burning, a

masks: Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles


texts:
 television drama that documented the 1977 Yankees. On March 21, 2008, he announced that he had been diagnosed with prostate cancer in late November 2007 and would undergo surgery at Manhattan's Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center on April 8.His brother had been diagnosed with prostate cancer earlier in 2007. Legacy
Tommy John remembered <mask> for his great sense of humor, writing: "<mask> <mask> was great with the one-liners, the zingers...He was the team's pressure valve...Every clubhouse needs a guy like that, the guy with the acerbic wit who can take your mind off a bad situation." <mask> wrote a controversial book, Balls, a memoir of his baseball career written in collaboration with Peter Golenbock. In the book, <mask> criticized Steinbrenner and some players as well. When the book's advance promotion came to Steinbrenner's attention in March 1984, <mask> was summarily traded to his hometown San Diego Padres. Baseball writer Bill James noted in his 1984 Baseball Abstract that <mask> is arguably the best position player (i.e., non-pitcher) in major league history whose surname begins with the letter "N."  this judgment appears to hold up: the only three players elected to the baseball Hall of Fame with "N" surnames are pitchers Hal Newhouser, Kid Nichols and Phil Niekro. In 1991, <mask> was also inducted by the San Diego Hall of Champions into the Breitbard Hall of Fame honoring San Diego's finest athletes both on and off the playing surface.As of 2010, <mask> holds the single-season major league record for assists by a third baseman, and is tied with Brooks Robinson for second-most all-time. His 412 assists in 1971 broke the record of 405 shared by Harlond Clift in 1937 and Robinson in 1967. In 1973, his first year as a New York Yankee, he recorded 410 assists, breaking Clete Boyer's franchise record of 396 in 1962;

masks: Nettles Graig Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles Nettles


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 Robinson would tie this mark in 1974. To date, <mask> and Robinson have four of the six 400-assist seasons by a third baseman in Major League history. <mask> is mentioned in the video for Bruce Springsteen's 1985 hit "Glory Days." At the end of the video, Springsteen's character, a pitcher, tells a teen that he lost an imaginary game playing against the San Diego Padres because "Nettles got me, bottom of the ninth." See also

 List of Gold Glove Award winners at third base
 List of Major League Baseball career hits leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career home run leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career runs scored leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career runs batted in leaders
 List of Major League Baseball annual home run leaders

References

External links

Baseball Gauge
Baseball Library
Baseball Page
BR Bullpen
Retrosheet
SABR BioProject
Venezuelan Professional Baseball League

1944 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
American League All-Stars
American League Championship Series MVPs
American League home run champions
Atlanta Braves players
Baseball players from San Diego
Basketball players from San Diego
Bradenton Explorers players
Charlotte Hornets (baseball) players
Cleveland Indians players
Denver Bears players
Florida Instructional League Twins players
Gold Glove Award winners
Leones del Caracas players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Major League Baseball third basemen
Minnesota Twins players
Minor league baseball managers
Montreal Expos players
National League All-Stars
New York Yankees coaches
New York Yankees players
New York Yankees scouts
People from Lenoir City, Tennessee
St. Lucie Legends players
San Diego Padres players
San Diego State Aztecs baseball players
San Diego State Aztecs men's basketball players
Tigres de Aragua players
Wisconsin

masks: Nettles Nettles


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<mask>Weecha<mask> is an American geologist/petrologist. She was born on July 18, 1939, in Beverly, Massachusetts. In 1960, <mask> received a bachelor of arts degree in geology from Bryn Mawr College, located in Pennsylvania. 5 years later, she received her doctorate degree from the University of California at Berkeley, where she met her husband, <mask>. Shortly after graduating, <mask> became employed by Bryn Mawr College in the department of geology. Throughout her career, she had a wide range of interests. She was known to be one of the first scientists to use the electron micro probe on metamorphic rocks.<mask> has also been interested in lunar petrology and geochemistry. In this field, she researched the crystallization of lava that seemed to fill craters on the moon. Personal interests
<mask> <mask> first became interested in geoscience after taking an introductory geology class to fill her science option requirement at Bryn Mawr College. This sparked interest led her to dedicate her life to the geoscience field. In 1960, <mask> took a year off between her undergraduate and graduate studies in which she travelled to Norway. This introduction to travel began a lifelong passion that led her to study in the remote areas of Alaska and British Columbia. Upon her return to graduate school <mask> met her husband, fellow geologist, William A<mask>.The two married while in graduate school and worked together, teaching geology, at Bryn Mawr. Despite retiring from Bryn Mawr College in

masks:
Maria Luisa (
) Crawford
Crawford
William Crawford
Crawford
Crawford
Maria Luisa
Crawford
Crawford
Crawford
. Crawford


texts:
 2006, <mask> has remained an active member of the geoscience community. Her passion for travel and geology motivates her to continue working with school groups and undergraduate students. Today she often travels with student groups to many different countries to study geology. <mask> is also a huge advocate for women in science. She and her husband founded the Crawford Field Camp Scholarship, awarded by the Association of Women Geoscientists to women pursuing careers in geoscience. Being one of few women in her field she recognizes the difficulty of working in a male-dominated profession and uses her expert experience to mentor and open doors for young women.Education
As previously mentioned <mask> <mask> first attended Bryn Mawr College in Pennsylvania, where she took a geology class as an option but realized she really enjoyed it, so she eventually switched her major to geology. In 1960, <mask> graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Geology from Bryn Mawr College. In 1960–1961, she did a Fulbright Fellowship at the University of Oslo in Norway before she began her graduate studies. While in Norway, she also worked for a museum and helped with mineralogical studies. <mask> enjoyed graduate school mostly because she was able to learn and focus on metamorphic petrology. In 1965 she received her doctorate from the University of California, Berkeley. Shortly after, she became a geology professor at Bryn Mawr College and in 1985–1992 and was named the William R. Kenan Jr.Eminent

masks:
Crawford
Crawford
Maria Luisa
Crawford
Crawford
Crawford


texts:
 Professor of Geology. Career
In her 40 year long career, <mask> <mask> wrote 68 separate articles in various journals. Her area of research changed several times throughout her career. However, the majority of <mask>'s work centered around gaining an understanding of past geological processes related to the earth's crust. There was a period of time when <mask> became very interested in lunar petrology. She was involved in the study of several moon rocks that had been retrieved during the Apollo missions. By studying these rocks she was able to determine that sometime in the moon's history large meteorites struck its surface causing flood lavas.The work she did with lunar rocks is still mentioned in lunar studies to this day. Later in her career she was involved in the ACCRETE study conducted in Alaska and British Columbia. This study was a shift from the lunar petrology she had worked on previously. This time she was studying continental collision. This research was part of a larger study which detailed how a series of collisions between fragments of continents can build an entirely new continent. Overall, the geological community accepted and praised the ACCRETE study. Another major area of research that <mask> took on was the geology of the Pennsylvania Piedmont.She conducted a series of tests on the rocks in the area with the help of several graduate students. In 2002, she became involved in a project that combined the expertise of geoscientists and computer scientists. This

masks:
Maria Luisa
Crawford
Crawford
Crawford
Crawford


texts:
 project was given the name GEON; its goal was to create a database that would combine geological data from several other unaffiliated databases. At the time, geologists had to search through several databases and then combine this information together in order to conduct their research. This project was thought to have the potential to entirely change how geoscientific research was done. <mask> was given a National Science Foundation grant because of the role she played in the GEON project. <mask> was also an environmental science and geology professor at Bryn Mawr College for a period of time.She began with the college in 1965 when she was hired to be an assistant professor. It wasn't until 1979 that she earned a position as a full-time professor. While at Bryn Mawr College she began research on the evolution of convergent continental margin orogenic belts; she retired from this position in 2006. She was also notably a member of the Association of Women Geoscientists during her time as a professor; as part of this association she received the Outstanding Educator Award. Awards and honors
 1992 Professor in Science and Environmental Studies
 1988 Association for Women Geoscientists Foundation, Outstanding Educator Award
 1988 National Science Foundation Visiting Professorship
 1985-92 William R. Kenan Jr. Professorship
 1993-98 MacArthur Fellowship
 1960 Woodrow Wilson Fellowship

Works
"A bimodal volcanic–plutonic system: the Zarembo Island extrusive suite and the Burnett

masks:
Crawford
Maria Crawford


texts:
 Inlet intrusive complex". Lindline, Jennifer, <mask>, W.A. and <mask>, M.L.,  Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 41, p. 355-375."Using incongruent, equilibrium hydration reactions to model latter-stage crystallization in plutons: examples from the Bell Island tonalite, Alaska". Beard, J.S., Ragland, P.C., and <mask>, M.L. Journal of Geology, v. 113, 589–599. "Reactive bulk assimilation: A model for crust-mantle mixing in silicic magmas". Beard, J.S., Ragland, P.C., and <mask>, M.L. Geology: v. 33, 681–684. "105 million years of igneous activity, Wrangell, Alaska, to Prince Rupert, British Columbia".<mask>, M.L., <mask>, W.A. and Lindline, J.  Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 42, p. 1097-1116. "Paleomagnetism of Late Jurassic to mid-Cretaceous plutons near Prince Rupert, British Columbia". Butler, R.F., Gehrels, G.E., Hart, W., Davidson, C. and <mask>, M.L. In: Haggart, J.W., Enkin, R.J., Monger, J.W.H., eds., Paleogeography of the North American Cordillera; evidence for and against large-scale displacements. Geological Association of Canada Special Paper, vol. 46, pp.171–200, 2006

References

External links

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American women geologists
MacArthur Fellows
Bryn Mawr College alumni
Bryn Mawr College faculty
University of California, Berkeley alumni
20th-century American geologists
21st-century American geologists
21st-century American scientists
20th-century American women scientists
21st-century American women

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<mask>, OC (born January 16, 1965) is a Canadian engineer, billionaire internet entrepreneur and film producer. He was the first president of eBay, eventually using the wealth this gave him to become a philanthropist, particularly through the Skoll Foundation, and his media company Participant Media. He founded an investment firm, Capricorn Investment Group, soon after and currently serves as its chairman. Born in Montreal, Quebec, he graduated from University of Toronto in 1987 and left Canada to attend Stanford University's business school in 1993. Shortly after graduating from business school, he began his career at eBay where he wrote the business plan that the company followed from its emergence as a start-up to a larger company. While at the company, he began the eBay Foundation which was allocated pre-IPO stock now worth $32 million. Once eBay's second largest stockholder, behind Omidyar, he subsequently cashed out a portion of his company holdings, yielding him around $2 billion.With an estimated net worth of US$4 billion (as of December 2016), <mask> was ranked by Forbes as the 7th wealthiest Canadian and 134th in the United States. Through his film production company, Participant Media–of which he is founder, owner, and chairman–he has produced numerous critically acclaimed films. His first films Syriana (2005), Good Night, and Good Luck (2005), and North Country (2005), along with the documentary Murderball (2005), accounted for 11 Oscar nominations in 2006. His subsequent films have included An Inconvenient Truth (2006), Fast Food Nation (2006), The World According to Sesame Street (2006),  Waiting for "Superman" (2010), Lincoln (2012), and his latest, Spotlight (2015) won the Academy Award for Best Picture in 2016. Early life
<mask> was born to a Jewish family in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. His mother was a teacher and his father was a chemical company owner who sold industrial chemicals. The family settled in Toronto in the late

masks:
Jeffrey Stuart Skoll
Skoll
Jeff Skoll


texts:
 seventies.When <mask> was fourteen, his father was diagnosed with cancer which prompted him to discuss with his son how much he regretted not having had the time to do everything he had planned in life. His first job was pumping gas at a York Mills gas station. He graduated with a BASc with honours in 1987 from the University of Toronto's electrical engineering program. While an undergraduate student, he co-edited the engineering students' satirical newspaper The Toike Oike. He paid his way through college by pumping gas in North York, Ontario. After graduating he backpacked around the world for several months before returning and founding two businesses in Toronto: Skoll Engineering, an information technology consulting firm and Micros on the Move Ltd., a computer rental firm. He left Canada in 1993 to earn a Master of Business Administration degree at Stanford Business School, graduating in 1995.After Stanford he went to work at Knight-Ridder where he was working on internet projects for the publishing company. <mask>'s eBay era

In 1996 <mask> met eBay's founder Pierre Omidyar, who hired him as the company's first president and first full-time employee. While eBay was already profitable at the time <mask> joined, he wrote the business plan that eBay followed in subsequent years. He remained President until the arrival of Meg Whitman in January 1998 when he became Vice President, Strategic Planning and Analysis until back problems necessitated his departure from full-time employment at the company. In 1998, he championed the creation of the eBay Foundation, which was allocated pre-IPO stock now worth $32 million. Once eBay's second largest stockholder, behind Omidyar, he subsequently cashed out a portion of his company holdings, yielding him around $2 billion. Participant

In 2004, <mask> founded the company Participant to create films that increase public awareness of critical social issues and give audiences opportunities to get involved

masks: Skoll Skoll Skoll Skoll Skoll


texts: through education and social action campaigns.In 2005, <mask>'s first Participant productions were released, with Syriana; Good Night, and Good Luck; North Country; and Murderball, together garnering 11 Oscar nominations. A year later, <mask> financed and played a key role in the creation of the environmental documentary, An Inconvenient Truth, which grew out of a slideshow developed by former U.S. Vice President Al Gore on the climate crisis. The film won the 2006 Academy Award for Best Feature Documentary. “ I would never have predicted that a film like An Inconvenient Truth would impact so many people,” <mask> told Philanthropy Roundtable. The Financial Times reported in 2009 that Participant allows Skoll to "pursue social and political causes through a mass medium. From modest beginnings, the company (which Skoll chairs, supported by a team of executives) is now a serious player." Fortune wrote the next year that <mask>'s films are not typical Hollywood fare, "they tackle weighty subjects such as eco-Armageddon, petro-terrorism, education reform, and women’s rights.In short they tend to reflect <mask>’s progressive, and ultimately optimistic, worldview that shining a light on the world’s problems will inspire people to band together to bring about change on a large scale. (Indeed, the name 'Participant' evokes a call to action.)" <mask> has served as Executive Producer or Producer on nearly 100 Participant films, including Spotlight, Roma, and American Factory, and as of 2019 Participant has won 18 Oscars and received 73 Academy Award nominations. In 2020, the company received another Academy Award nomination and win for best documentary feature for American Factory. According to The Hollywood Reporter, in 2014 Skoll funded the creation of the Skoll Center for Social Impact Entertainment at the UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television, saying at the time: "I founded Participant Media in the belief that a story well told has the power to

masks: Skoll Skoll Skoll Skoll Skoll Skoll


texts:
 ignite positive social change. This new center at UCLA TFT is an extension of that vision, with the goal of empowering a new generation and elevating storytelling as a tool to create impact and empower people to connect to the social issues that can have a profound impact on our world." In March, 2019, Participant and the Skoll Center for Social Impact Entertainment released a report, "The State of Social Impact Entertainment," that said: "social impact entertainment — narrative and documentary film, television, theater, and emerging forms that engage audiences in solving real-world challenges — is not a fad but the future of the entertainment industry."In 2019, on behalf of Participant, Skoll and Participant CEO David Linde accepted the newly created TIFF Impact Award from the Toronto International Film Festival; in 2020 the award was renamed the Jeff Skoll Award in Impact Media and was awarded to Mira Nair. Philanthropy
Skoll is a recipient of the Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy, and a Giving Pledge signatory. He has given the eponymous Skoll Foundation approximately $1 billion of eBay stock since its formation in 1999. The Foundation supports "social entrepreneurship". <mask> chairs the Foundation and as of 2020 makes grants in excess of $80 million per year. The Skoll Foundation's assets rank it as the largest foundation for social entrepreneurship in the world. As of 2020, Skoll has been working for over ten years to help prevent pandemics and other global threats.In 2009, Skoll donated $100 million to create the Skoll Global Threats Fund to confront threats including climate change, water security, pandemics, nuclear proliferation, and Middle East conflict. The Fund created and spun off a stand-alone non-profit entity, Ending Pandemics, that focuses on pandemic detection and response. In 2011, Skoll's film company Participant co-produced the film Contagion to raise awareness about the dangers posed by pandemics. <mask> wanted the film be

masks: Skoll Skoll


texts: scientifically sound and encourage funding of medical experts; In 2020, following the COVID-19 pandemic media coverage noted it was "shocking in its accuracy". In January 2020, Skoll donated $20 million, and an additional $100 million in April, to the Skoll Foundation to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. The funds were used to assist with testing, contact tracing, and provide respiratory devices and other medical equipment to countries that couldn't afford it. In addition to fighting pandemics, <mask> has made addressing climate change a top priority for his filmmaking and philanthropy and a key focus of the Skoll Foundation, which in addition to its own efforts, joined other foundations to create Climate Nexus, a "rapid response team" on the climate crisis.<mask> is active in "collaborative philanthropy" and has joined with other philanthropists and foundations to pool resources that then flow to non-profits focused on addressing specific issues at scale. In 2017, <mask>, joined with philanthropists Richard Chandler, Bill Gates, Melinda Gates, Romesh Wadhwani, Kathy Wadhwani, The Rockefeller Foundation, and Olivia Leland, to create Co-Impact, a philanthropic funding collaborative seeded with $500 million, whose "specific aim is to fund organizations that are addressing health, education and economic opportunity in low-to-middle income countries". Similarly in 2018, <mask>, Chris Anderson, Virgin Unite, among others launched The Audacious Project, a philanthropic funding collaborative with an initial investment of $250 million for "audacious ideas" that deliver "impact at scale". Some of the first recipients of funding from The Audacious Project included the Environmental Defense Fund, Sight Savers, and The Bail Project. Skoll has funded the creation of academic centers at two universities. In 2003, Skoll funded the creation of the Skoll Center for Social Entrepreneurship at Oxford University's Said Business School. The center is a research center, hub

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 for innovators, and host of the annual Skoll World Forum on Social Entrepreneurship.Called the “Davos for the nonprofit set” by Forbes, Skoll World Forum participants have included leading thinkers from South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu to former U.S. Vice President Al Gore. In 2019, <mask> also funded the creation of the Skoll Center for Social Impact Entertainment at the UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television. The center is dedicated to promoting social change through entertainment and the arts. In 2005, <mask> financed The Gandhi Project in partnership with Relief International which created a dubbed version in Arabic of the film Gandhi. They used Palestinian voice actors and artists to make the film particularly relevant to Palestinians. With <mask>'s support, it was screened throughout Palestine to promote non-violence, self-reliance, economic development, and empowerment. <mask> is a member of the Berggruen Institute's 21st Century Council.In 2000, <mask> donated C$7.5 million to the University of Toronto to endow three chairs and establish the <mask>ll BASc/MBA Program, a joint program of the Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering and the Rotman School of Management. Impact investing
<mask> was one of the earliest proponents of socially responsible investing, called "impact investing", through which he invests in for-profit companies whose mission is to deliver both social impact and financial returns. In 2001, <mask> created Capricorn Investment Group "on the premise of socially responsible investing" and the firm now oversees more than $5 billion in client assets and another $3.5 billion in partnership with other organizations. According to Forbes, a "significant portion" of Capricorn's assets "has been put to work backing mostly private companies that are in some way aiming to help the environment and combat climate change". Capricorn's early investments included electric carmaker Tesla, Inc., battery technology developer

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 QuantumScape, and air taxi developer Joby Aviation. Other investments include private equity fund Encourage Solar Finance to promote rooftop solar installations in India. In 2016, <mask>, along with Bono and investment firm TPG, co-founded The Rise Fund, a $2 billion social-impact fund with "a series of strict metrics by which to measure social impact".Rise's investments fall across seven sectors, including agriculture, education, and healthcare, and since 2017, "Rise has invested in more than 25 growth-stage companies that are making a measurable positive social and/or environmental impact". Personal life
In 2014, <mask> married television executive Stephanie Swedlove. In January 2019, it was announced <mask> had filed for divorce from Swedlove. Honours and awards
 Bloomberg Business Week's list of most innovative philanthropists (2002–present)
 National Leadership Award for Commonwealth Club Silicon Valley (2004)
 Outstanding Philanthropist Award from the International Association of Fundraising Professionals (2003)
 Outstanding Philanthropist Award from the Silicon Valley chapter of the Association of Fundraising Professionals (2002)
 Honorary Doctor of Laws degree from the University of Toronto (2003)
 Time Magazine's 100 People of the Year (2006)
 Wired Magazine's Rave Award (2006)
 He was made an Officer of the Order of Canada "for his generous commitment to social causes and for his innovative practice of philanthropy." (2011)

Filmography

Film
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Year
! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Title
!style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Notes
|-
| 2004 || House of D || executive producer
|-
|rowspan="4"| 2005 || Good Night, and Good Luck || executive producer
|-
| North Country || executive producer
|-
| Syriana || executive producer
|-
| American Gun || executive producer
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2006 || The World According to Sesame Street || executive producer
|-
| An Inconvenient Truth || executive

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 producer
|-
| Fast Food Nation || executive producer
|-
|rowspan="8"| 2007 || Chicago 10 || executive producer
|-
| Angels in the Dust || executive producer
|-
| Man from Plains || executive producer
|-
| Darfur Now || executive producer
|-
| The Kite Runner || executive producer
|-
| Charlie Wilson's War || executive producer
|-
| The Visitor || executive producer
|-
| Man from Plains || executive producer
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2008 || Standard Operating Procedure || executive producer
|-
| Pressure Cooker || executive producer
|-
| Food, Inc. || executive producer
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2009 || The Soloist || executive producer
|-
| The Informant! || executive producer
|}

TV series

 See also
 List of billionaires
 List of Canadians
 List of University of Toronto people
 List of Stanford University people

 References

 External links

 Skoll Foundation
 Skoll Centre, Oxford University
 Participant Productions

 My journey into movies that matter, talk at TED March 2007
 Wood, Gaby, The Observer – Hollywood's new politics, January 8, 2006
Forbes – "The World's Richest People" February 13, 2006
 Forbes.com: Forbes World's Richest People 2004
 Jeff Skoll and Philanthropy, transformationalleadershiphq.com''

1965 births
Living people
American billionaires
Anglophone Quebec people
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Businesspeople from Montreal
Businesspeople in information technology
Businesspeople in online retailing
Canadian billionaires
Canadian computer businesspeople
Canadian computer scientists
Canadian engineers
Canadian expatriates in the United States
Canadian film producers
EBay employees
Giving Pledgers
21st-century philanthropists
Jewish Canadian philanthropists
Officers of the Order of Canada
Businesspeople from San Jose, California
Stanford Graduate School of Business alumni
University of Toronto alumni
21st-century Canadian businesspeople
20th-century Canadian businesspeople
People from Woodside, California
American independent film production


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<mask> (Hebrew : דני מנקין, born June 22, 1970) is a Los Angeles base multi award winning writer, director, and film producer. He is a twice Israeli Academy Award Winner, and the founder of film production company Hey Jude Productions. Biography
<mask>'s professional career began in 1994, when he joined the Israeli Sports Channel (Sport5) as a reporter. In 1995, he moved to Israeli channel 2, where he covered the Sports Section in the popular program "HaDaka ha-91" with Yoram Arbel. Between the years 1998 to 2004 he directed articles for the investigative program "Uvda" with Ilana Dayan. In 2001, <mask> worked in a series for National Geographic Society. During those years, <mask> was Director Supervisor for the Israeli cult  film "Hochmat HaBeygale" ("The Wisdom of the Pretzel") along with the director Ilan Heitner.<mask> is an Israeli Academy Award Winning filmmaker for "39 POUNDS OF LOVE"(2005). The film, written, produced and directed by him, has been sold to HBO, and was short listed for the Oscars. His feature film "IS THAT YOU?" (2014) found success at several International Film Festivals, such as Hollywood, Montreal, Haifa and Syracuse Film Festivals, the 28th Israel Film Festival in LA, and the Jewish Film Festivals across the US. It has also won  "Best Indie Film of the Year" award (2014), and has been nominated for the "Best Film of the Year" award (2014) by the Israeli Academy. Currently the film is opening in cinemas across Israel. <mask>'s award winning film Dolphin Boy (2011) won among several nominations and awards, the "Jury Mention Award" at the Jerusalem International Film Festival.<mask> directed and produced the documentary film along with Jonathan Nir. The film tells the rehabilitation story of the lad Murad at the

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 Dolphin Reef in Eilat. The film, which shot partly underwater, won several awards around the world and screened in many networks, among them - the French-German Arte  and British Channel 4. Dolphin Boy was sold to over 20 countries around the globe, and has been bought by Disney for a fiction adaptation. <mask> wrote, produced and directed the award winning film JE T'AIME - I LOVE YOU TERMINAL (2010). The film has participated and won International Festivals, including "Best Feature film" award at Houston International film festival. <mask> is a co-producer and a creator-partner of Ilan Heitner for the Israeli cult indie film "WISDOM OF THE PRETZEL", which is one of the most successful independent feature films in Israeli cinema.In 2005 Director, writer and producer <mask> created his own independent film production company "Hey Jude Productions". You can visit the site at Hey Jude Productions. <mask> was inspired to name his company Hey Jude Productions due to Paul McCartney—he describes how he drew inspiration"from the line “Take A Sad Song And Make It Better”. Paul loves what he does, inspires millions with his uplifting, positive music and uses his fame to spread the message of peace and kindness throughout the world. "<mask> is a speaker at some distinguish panels over International Festivals around the world, as well as a juror and film professor in American and Israeli universities and colleges. He has collaborated with other filmmakers and creatives—most recently interviewing the creators of sports documentary miniseries The Last Dance, and featuring on a podcast alongside basketball all-star Chris Webber. Directing career

Is That You?(2014)
The story of RONNIE, 60-year-old Israeli film projectionist, who has been fired from

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 his job and is going now to the U.S. in search of RACHEL, the love of his youth. IS THAT YOU? is a romantic, road trip journey to 'The Road Not Taken' in life created by Award Winning filmmaker <mask>. Menkin described an incident during the production of the film where
"When I shot my feature narrative IS THAT YOU? We had a police man stop us and ask for a permit which we did not have with us. We were actually looking for a policeman character on our film so I told him, with my Israeli accent, that we will be happy to “shoot” him. He looked at me and paused… then said “you may wanna rephrase that…”.The film got a great review at the NY TIMES and is now performing successfully on AMAZON PRIME"

Je T'aime I Love You Terminal (2011)

A romantic drama which follows Ben, a 29-year-old Israeli on his way to New York to re-join his fiancée and start his new life. During the flight he meets a flirtatious, outrageous, and somewhat dysfunctional Emma. Over the course of 24-hour connection in Prague, the two contemplate life, love, and relationships. Starring Israeli musician Danny Niv (Mooki)as Ben, and Naruna De-Macedo Kaplan as Emma. 39 Pounds of Love (2005)

A documentary film which follows Ami Ankilewitz who was diagnosed at childhood with an extremely rare form of SMA/2 that severely limits his physical growth and movement. Ami was given 6 years to live and outlived the doctor's predictions to the age of 34. The film won multiple awards including the Ophir award in 2005.Dolphin Boy (2011)
 Directed along with Yonathan Nir, this documentary film tells the story of Morad, a teenage boy from an Arab village in the north of Israel, who have suffered a violent attack, which led him to a trauma. Morad stopped having contact with the outside


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 world, and just before hospitalization in a mental institute, was taken by his father to be treated with Dolphins in Eilat. The film follows Morad's therapy over the course of four years. On the Map (2016)
 In 1977, the Maccabi Tel Aviv basketball team prevailed over CSKA Moscow (known in the West as Red Army), a team that refused to play against Israel. Moments after this highly charged and historical win, Israeli-American basketball hero Tal Brody captured the heart of the nation when he famously said, "Israel is on the map, not just in sport, but in everything." The story of this triumph against all odds is told through the eyes of six American basketball players who joined Maccabi Tel Aviv. Picture of His Life (2019)
 Directed alongside Yonatan Nir, this documentary film follows the journey of underwater photography Amos Nachoum as he sets off on a journey to photograph the world's largest carnivore: the polar bear.He tried before and barely escaped, but now, as he nears the end of his career, he is determined to give it one last shot. As the journey unfolds, Amos contemplates the series of unspoken events that drove him here, to the end of the world. It has been a long and painful journey, after serving in an Elite Commando unit and witnessing the horrors of war, but where others find fear, Amos finds redemption. Aulcie (2020)
"Aulcie" tells the inspiring story of Aulcie Perry, a basketball legend who led Maccabi Tel Aviv to an upset win in the European Championship. During the summer of 1976, Aulcie Perry was spotted by a scout for Maccabi Tel Aviv while playing at the Rucker courts in Harlem and was quickly signed to play for their fledgling team. The Israeli players immediately responded to Aulcie's leadership and that year


texts:
 they had what one Sports Illustrated writer described as "the most extraordinary season in its remarkable history" and what Perry later called "the best nine months of my life." In 1977, Perry helped the team to its first European Championship, a prize they took four years later again under his leadership.After the season, to the surprise of many, Aulcie Perry converted to Judaism, adopted the Hebrew name Elisha Ben Avraham, and became an Israeli citizen. This inspiring film tells the story of this remarkable athlete who captured the spirit of a nation, triumphant and victorious against all odds, and put Israel on the map. Awards

Life Awards

 Reel Difference from Seattle Jewish Film Festival
 San Diego Jewish Film Festival

Is That You? Winner of the "Best Indie Film" of the year (2014) by Israeli Academy
 Nominated to "Best Film of the year" (2014) by Israeli Academy. 39 Pounds of Love

 Winner of The Israeli Academy Awards “Ophir Awards”
 Winner of The Palm Beach International Film festival
 Winner of The Tallgrass Film Festival
 Winner of The Tahoe/Reno International film festival
 Winner of The Tssalonicki International film festival
 Winner of The Boston Jewish Film Festival
 Winner of The Atlanta Jewish Film Festivals
 Winner of The Israeli film Festival in New York
 Winner of The California Governor Awards. Je Taime, I Love You Terminal

 Winner of The Haifa International Film Festival, Distribution Awards
 Winner of The Bronze Palm Award at the 2011 Mexico International Film Festival. Dolphin Boy
 Winner First Prize in Antibes Underwater Film Festival
 Winner of The Special Jury Mention Awards at the Woodstock International Film Festival
 Winner of The Special Jury Mention Awards at the Jerusalem International Film


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Admiral <mask><mask><mask>, USN (November 12, 1893 – July 13, 1971) was an admiral in the United States Navy, who commanded aircraft carriers during World War II. Born and raised in Oklahoma and a native of the Cherokee Nation, In 1917, he was the first Native American to graduate from the United States Naval Academy. <mask> preferred to be called "J. J." instead of his full name or the nickname "<mask>." Early years
<mask><mask> was born to William A. and <mask> in Pryor in the Cherokee Nation, Indian Nation, before it became part of the state of Oklahoma. His father was a member of the Cherokee Nation.<mask> attended Willie Halsell College in Vinita, Oklahoma and the Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College (now named Oklahoma State University) in Stillwater, Oklahoma, prior to being appointed to the U.S. Naval Academy, where he played on the lacrosse and soccer teams. He was commissioned as Ensign upon graduating in 1917. <mask>'s nickname, "<mask>", originated at the Naval Academy: on one of his first days there, he was standing in ranks when a classmate called out "The Right Reverend J. <mask>ckey <mask>!" His wife, <mask>, néé Chubarova, was the widow of chess world champion <mask> Capablanca. Naval career

World War I and inter-war service
Although <mask> was officially a member of the Class of 1918 at the United States Naval Academy, he actually graduated with the class of 1917. He was first posted to the cruiser , which was convoying troops across the Atlantic Ocean.After World War I ended, he remained in the permanent navy, serving at sea aboard the destroyers , , and  in the Middle East. He was commanding Brooks on his return to the USA, then was put in command of the . Bulmer was assigned to American Relief Administration and Near East Relief. <mask> returned to the US in 1923, and was posted as an instructor at the Naval Academy during 1923–1924. He then went to NAS Pensacola in Florida for flight training, and graduated as a

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Joseph James "
Jocko
" Clark
Clark
Jocko
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. Clark
Lillie Berry Clark
Joseph
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Joo
Jonathan Jo
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Olga Clark
José Raúl
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 naval aviator on March 16, 1925. <mask> served a wide variety of posts throughout the rest of the 1920s and the 1930s. In 1925, he helped Commander <mask> prepare for the first West Coast-Hawaii flight in 1925, receiving a letter of commendation for this service.In 1926, he served as senior aviation officer aboard the . The next year, he was an aide to the Commander, Battleship Division Three, and served as division aviation officer. From 1928 to 1931, <mask> was executive officer, NAS Anacostia, in Washington, D.C., and during the next two years was commanding officer of Fighting Squadron Two, attached to the aircraft carrier . He was the aeronautical member of the Board of Inspection and Survey, Navy Department, from 1933 to July 1936, and during his next tour of sea duty July, 1936 to June, 1937, served as the Lexington's air officer and representative at Fleet Air Detachment, NAS San Diego, California. From July, 1937, to May, 1939, he was executive officer of the Fleet Air Base, Pearl Harbor. He then served as inspector of naval aircraft at the Curtiss Aircraft Corporation, Buffalo, New York. <mask> was then sent to NAS Jacksonville, Florida, as executive officer from December, 1940 until May, 1941.He was then posted to the  as Executive Officer. He was in that position when the Japanese Navy attacked Pearl Harbor and returned to his former post with Yorktown in time to participate in raids on the Gilbert and Marshall Islands. World War II
At the start of U.S. involvement in World War II, <mask> was known as an aggressive commander, ready to take his group into battle. He commanded the carrier  in the Atlantic Ocean and off the coast of North Africa, until he was ordered to take command of the newly commissioned  (CV-10). In January 1944, Vice Admiral Marc Mitscher made  the Yorktown his flagship. Mitcher was impressed with <mask>'s seamanship and fighting spirit. In February 1944, <mask> was promoted to rear admiral and was transferred

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 temporarily to Task Force 58 while still reporting to Mitscher, who was then commanding the Fast Carrier Task Force, and Admiral Raymond Spruance, commander of the Fifth Fleet.Since all of the task group's command slots were occupied, <mask> was assigned to command the new aircraft carrier, , also named for a sunken carrier (USS Hornet CV-8). Soon, Mitscher was disappointed with the performance of the vice admiral commanding Task Group 3, and replaced him with Captain <mask>. He commanded this group in the Marianas campaign, and on multiple occasions his task group was sent north to interdict Japanese aircraft shuttling down from Japan via intermediate islands. His air groups executed air attacks on the shuttle islands of Chichi Jima and Iwo Jima so often that the sailors of the Fast Carrier Task Force nicknamed them the "Jocko Jimas." <mask> commanded his task group in conjunction with the rest of Task Force 58 in the Battle of the Philippine Sea. His flagship was the carrier . On the second day of the battle, with his planes returning after sundown, <mask> ordered his ships to light up, allowing most planes to land safely.Korean War
<mask> commanded the Fast Carrier Task Force (TF 77) during the Korean War. He was later promoted to vice admiral and rose to command the 7th Fleet before retiring from the Navy. <mask> retired on December 1, 1953 with the rank of admiral. Final years
After retiring from the navy, he lived in New York City, where he was chairman of Hegeman - Harris, Inc., an investment company. He was made an honorary chief by both the Sioux and Cherokee Nations. Admiral <mask> died on July 13, 1971 at the naval hospital in St. Albans, New York. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery, Section 3, Site 2525-B.Honors and awards
His many awards and medals include the Navy Cross, Navy Distinguished Service Medal,  Silver Star, Legion of Merit with Combat "V", Navy Commendation Medal and the Korean Order of Military Merit. In

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 addition to these most commonly mentioned, he also received the following: Army Distinguished Service Medal for service in Korea, Silver Star Medal, Commendation Ribbon with Combat "V", Army Commendation Ribbon, Ribbon with stars for the Presidential Unit Citation (United States) to the USS Suwanee, USS Yorktown, and USS Hornet; Victory Medals for World War I and for World War II; American Defense Service Medal; European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal (with one star), Asiatic–Pacific Campaign Medal (with twelve service stars) Campaign Medal, the Philippine Liberation Ribbon (one star), Korean Service Medal (one star), United Nations Service Medal, and the National Defense Service Medal. <mask>'s flag lieutenant was historian <mask>. Reynolds' uncle. Reynolds was chosen to co-author <mask>'s autobiography. <mask> was inducted into the Oklahoma Hall of Fame in 1952. The National Aeronautic Association honored him in 1969 with the Elder Statesman of Aviation Award. In 1979, the guided-missile frigate  was named in his honor.Notes

Citations

Bibliography

Further reading
 Carrier admiral by J. J<mask> (1893–1971) with <mask>. Reynolds. (1967)
 On the warpath in the Pacific: Admiral <mask> <mask> and the fast carriers, by <mask>. Reynolds (2005)

External links
 Rear Admiral <mask>. <mask> <mask> – Biography from JackLummus.com

1893 births
1971 deaths
Cherokee Nation people
Cherokee Nation people (1794–1907)
People of Indian Territory
Native American United States military personnel
United States Navy personnel of World War II
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal
Recipients of the Silver Star
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
People from Pryor Creek, Oklahoma
United States Naval Academy alumni
Military personnel from Oklahoma
United States Navy admirals
United States Navy World War II admirals
People from Queens, New York
20th-century Native

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<mask> (born May 30, 1959), born <mask>,  is an American yoga guru and creator of Anusara Yoga. Early life and career

<mask> first learned of yoga at the age of 8 in Youngstown, Ohio when his mother, <mask>, read him stories of yogis with hidden knowledge and supernatural powers. By age 13, he began studying yoga philosophy with the Bhagavad Gita and Upanishads, and also began an asana practice by following Swami Satchidananda's book Integral Hatha Yoga. At 17, <mask> began a regular practice of sitting meditation with a Sufi group as well as members of the Theosophical Society. At age 19 he moved to Houston, Texas where he studied various styles of hatha yoga including Ananda Yoga, Sivananda Yoga, and Kundalini Yoga. He also began teaching yoga part-time while working as a financial analyst. In 1984, <mask> began practicing the Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga Primary Series and, in 1986, quit his analyst job to teach yoga full-time.In 1987, <mask> graduated to Secondary Series while studying with Ashtanga founder K. Pattabhi Jois in California where he also studied with Iyengar Yoga teacher Judith Lasater. That same year, <mask> attended an Iyengar Yoga convention in Boston, where he met B.K.S. Iyengar, after which <mask> focused his studies and practice mainly in Iyengar Yoga. Between 1990 and 1995, <mask> earned Iyengar's Introductory and Junior Intermediate teaching certificates and also served on the Board of Directors for the Iyengar Yoga National Association before departing in 1997 to found Anusara Yoga. Anusara Yoga

Friend set up Anusara as a style of hatha yoga founded on a Tantric philosophy of intrinsic goodness and based on bio mechanical principles of alignment. <mask> derived the name Anusara as

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 meaning 'flowing with Grace,' 'flowing with Nature' and 'following your heart,'" as interpreted from the Sanskrit , meaning "custom, usage, natural state or condition". Founded on Iyengar's system of alignment, <mask> streamlined everything into five "Universal Principles of Alignment", which corresponded to other quinary aspects of the world, such as the five elements, five regular polygons, five fingers on the hand, and so on.<mask> also developed refinements to his quinary system, which included what he called "the Three A's of Anusara" (attitude, alignment and action), seven energy loops that comprise the human body, and various cues to assist in teaching. Anusara's philosophical system drew from <mask>'s knowledge in Indian schools of thought, including Samkhya, Advaita Vedanta, Vajrayana Buddhism, and non-dual Hindu Tantric schools, particularly non-dual Shaivism, which he refers to as Shiva-Shakti Tantra. <mask> also incorporates his other studies, such as Taoism, Sufism, Kabbalah, Theosophy, Wicca, quantum physics, sacred geometry, and western psychology. 2012 scandal
In February 2012, an anonymous tipster published accusations on jfexposed.com (short for "<mask> exposed"), which later appeared on the blog YogaDork. These allegations of mismanagement and abuse were later reported on at length in an article in The Washington Post. The four key accusations against <mask> were:

That <mask> led a Wiccan coven called Blazing Solar Flames whose members allegedly included female Anusara students, teachers and employees. The tipster provided documentation that <mask> engaged in sexual relations with women in the coven, including a letter allegedly written by him to a coven member with whom he had sexual

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texts: relations, and described an 'alignment' between Wicca and the Anusara system of yoga.<mask> had Anusara’s graphics team design a logo for the coven according to three former employees. It was later revealed that <mask> may not belong to any Wiccan lineage or tradition. That <mask> had sexual affairs with several married Anusara employees and teachers. In a  February  2012 interview, <mask> admitted to the truth of this allegation. That <mask> froze funding of employees' defined benefits plans, avoiding notification to employees, and thus violated federal ERISA regulations. The tipster claimed that Friend's company, Anusara, Inc., made the change to the plan in January 2010, but waited until December 2010 to provide oral notification to some employees. In December 2011, 204(h) notification had still not been provided and the tipster made a complaint to the U.S. Department of Labor.In January 2012, Anusara, Inc. finally provided official notification, but attempted to backdate the notification, as well as the effective freeze date, to January 1, 2010. In response to this complaint about the backdating, the Department of Labor advised Anusara, Inc. that it was in violation. Anusara, Inc. then restored funds to the account and provided notification of a freeze to take place in the future. <mask> provided documentation verifying the pension notification violations and the timeline outlined by the tipster. The documentation included a letter from Anusara Inc. which assured employees that there was never an intention to be deceptive. <mask> eventually admitted this was the result of his oversight that was subsequently corrected after an employee complained to government regulators. That <mask> placed employees

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 and personal assistants in legal jeopardy, arranging for them to personally accept delivery of packages of marijuana shipped for <mask>'s own use to Anusara's office.This allegation is supported by statements made by <mask>'s former personal assistant and also by <mask>'s statements to a committee of Anusura advisers, as described in a document obtained by The Washington Post. Exit from Anusara
<mask> announced in March 2012 that he would step down from the leadership, while retaining the sole ownership, of Anusara Yoga to take a short leave of absence to consider his next steps in the yoga community. Sridaiva and Bowspring

In 2013, <mask> began working with Colorado-based yoga teaching sisters Desi and Micah Springer to help systematize a yoga methodology they had developed. Prior to this, <mask> had been dating Desi Springer. Originally called "The Roots" practice, the yoga system was rebranded in 2013 as Sridaiva (श्रदेव, Sanskrit for "divine destiny") as coupled with an alignment methodology called Bowspring. <mask> teaches the Bowspring method at Vital Yoga Studio as well as on international teaching tours with Springer. References

1959 births
American yoga teachers
Educators from Ohio
Living people
People from Youngstown, Ohio
Sacred geometry
Modern yoga pioneers
Modern yoga

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<mask> (14 May 1904 – 16 June 1961) was a Swiss doctor and one of the most accomplished field delegates in the history of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). After medical school and a short position as a surgeon in Mulhouse, France, he became an ICRC delegate and was deployed in Ethiopia during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, in Spain during the Spanish Civil War, and in Europe as well as in Japan during World War II. In 1947, he wrote a book with the title Warrior without Weapons about his experiences. After the war, he worked for the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) as chief representative in China, and settled back in Europe in 1950. He founded the anaesthesiology department of the Cantonal Hospital in Geneva and became the first professor in this discipline at the University of Geneva. In 1952, he was appointed a member of the ICRC and, after many more missions for this institution,  was Vice-President from 1959 until his death in 1961. Childhood and education

<mask> was born in Neuchâtel, Switzerland as the fifth of seven children, to <mask> (1868–1919) and Jeanne Marguerite Bonnet (1866–1952).His father was a pastor for the Independent Protestant Church of Neuchâtel, first working in mining villages in Belgium and later in poor communities near Neuchâtel and La Chaux-de-Fonds in Switzerland; the latter being where Junod spent most of his childhood. After the death of his father, his family returned to his mother's home of Geneva. In order to earn a living, his mother and aunt opened a boarding house. Junod completed his initial education in 1923 with a

masks:
Marcel Junod
Marcel Junod
Richard Samuel Junod


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 baccalaureate diploma from Geneva's Collège Calvin, the same school that Red Cross founder Henry Dunant had attended. As a student, he volunteered in charity work and directed the Relief Movement for Russian Children in Geneva. Due to generous financial support from his uncle Henri-Alexandre Junod he was able to follow his aspirations and study medicine in Geneva and Strasbourg, obtaining his MD in 1929. He opted for special training in the field of surgery and interned at hospitals in Geneva and Mulhouse, France (1931–1935).He completed his training in Mulhouse in 1935, and began work as the head of the Mulhouse hospital's surgical clinic. Missions as an ICRC delegate

The Second Italo-Abyssinian War 1935/1936

Immediately after the Italian invasion of Ethiopia, Junod received a call on 15 October 1935 from a friend in Geneva, recommending him to take a position as delegate for the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in Ethiopia. Encouraged by the head doctor of the clinic in Mulhouse, he accepted the offer and soon traveled to Addis Ababa with a second ICRC delegate, Sidney Brown. He would remain in Ethiopia until the end of the Abyssinian War in May 1936. Because of his experience in law, Sidney Brown worked on the establishment of an effective national Red Cross Society in Ethiopia. Junod focused on the maintenance and coordination of Red Cross ambulances provided by the Red Cross societies of Egypt, Finland, the UK, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. While the Ethiopian Red Cross, having been founded only shortly before the outbreak of the war, accepted support from


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 the ICRC and the League of Red Cross societies, the Italian Red Cross refused any cooperation, as Italy had not accepted the offer of services of the ICRC.Some of the most difficult experiences for Junod during the war involved the attacks on Red Cross ambulances by the Italian military and Ethiopian armed groups. A bombing of a Swedish ambulance on 30 December 1935 killed 28 Red Cross workers and patients and wounded 50. He was also witness to a number of horrific episodes in this war characterized by the extreme gap in technological capabilities of the two sides. Among other events, he witnessed the bombardment of the city Dessie by the Italian air force, the use of mustard gas against civilian populations in the towns of Degehabur and Sassabaneh, and the plundering of Addis Ababa in the final days of the war.

. . . Men were stretched out everywhere beneath the trees. There must have been thousands of them. As I came closer, my heart in my mouth, I could see horrible suppurating burns on their feet and on their emaciated limbs. Life was already leaving bodies burned with mustard gas.'Abiet . . . Abiet . . . .'

The monotonous chant rose towards the refuge of the Emperor. But who was to have pity? Who was to help them in their suffering? There were no doctors available and our ambulances had been destroyed. . . .

(Dr. <mask>d: Warrior without Weapons. ICRC, Geneva, 1982, p. 61)

The Spanish Civil War 1936-1939

In July 1936 the ICRC sought a delegate for an investigation mission to Spain, where civil war had just broken out. Once again Junod was selected.Contrary to the ICRC's


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 initial plan of a three-week deployment, he ultimately stayed for over three years, and the ICRC expanded the mission, led by Junod, to nine delegates spread across the country. The activities of the Red Cross were hindered by the problem that the Geneva Conventions had no legal application to civil conflicts. As a solution, Junod suggested the creation of a new combined commission with representatives of the ICRC and of the warring sides, but the parties could not agree. The commission would have coordinated work on the release of captured women and children, the erection of neutral international zones, and the compilation of prisoner lists. Despite the ambiguous legal basis for the Red Cross' work in this conflict, Junod succeeded to convince the warring parties to sign and implement a number of agreements regarding prisoner exchange and other issues, thereby saving many lives. Before the fall of Barcelona he achieved the release of five thousand prisoners whose lives were endangered by fighting for the city. He also organized research and information exchange regarding prisoners and missing persons using the Red Cross card system for the first time in the context of civil conflict, and by the end of the war the ICRC had facilitated the exchange of five million cards.

. . .Someone was on the other side of the line and his nearest did not even know whether he was alive or dead. For a long time I had realized that this uncertainty was the greatest agony of all. I had seen too many trembling hand stretched out for the sheet of paper that we had at last succeeded in getting from one side


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 to the other: the Red Cross card. There was not much on it: a name and address and a message which was not allowed to exceed twenty-five words. Often when it came back the censor had left only the signature on it, but at least it was proof that a loved one was still alive. And then the eyes which read the name and the signature would fill with tears of joy. . . .

(Dr. <mask>d: Warrior without Weapons ICRC, Geneva, 1982, p. 115)

The Second World War 1939-1945
After the outbreak of World War II, Junod was called to Geneva by a letter from the ICRC and was once again made an ICRC delegate, releasing him from his obligations as a medical officer for the Swiss Army. He started his mission on 16 September 1939 in Berlin and for a long time remained the only ICRC delegate in Germany and its soon-to-be occupied territories.Only eleven days later, on 27 September, he visited a camp with Polish prisoners of war. In June 1940 he succeeded in preventing a series of threatened executions of French POWs, which had been planned as retaliation for the falsely assumed execution of German paratroopers. Once again he organized the forwarding and exchange of information relating to POWs, this time with the support of the ICRC central office for POWs in Geneva. The central tasks in this war were the observation of the adherence to the Geneva Conventions in POW camps and the distribution of provisions and medical supplies to the civil populations of occupied territories. Yet the civil population effort was not part of the legally defined role of the ICRC and would not be so until the 1949 Fourth Geneva


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 Convention. To provide logistical support for these efforts, Junod worked to introduce the first use of Red Cross ships, specially marked with the neutral symbols of the ICRC, to provide needed goods and supplies. For example, a number of ships were provided by Belgium ("Caritas I", "Caritas II" and "Henri Dunant"), Turkey ("Kurtulus", "Dumlupinar"), and Sweden ("Hallaren", "Sturebog").Sadly, on 9 June 1942, despite its neutral markings, the "Sturebog" was sunk by an Italian aircraft.

. . . For three weeks we impatiently awaited news that the Sturebog had arrived back safely in Alexandria. Geneva inquired vainly after her whereabouts in London, Rome, Berlin and Ankara. The Sturebog was lost at sea and we began to think that we should never learn anything about her fate.

. . . Then one morning on the coast of Palestine two Bedouins going along the shore found a body half buried in the sand. . . . He was the sole survivor of the Sturebog, a Portuguese sailor. Gradually he recovered and after a week he was able to tell his tale. The day after the departure of the Sturebog from Piraeus two Italian planes flew overhead. They flew round in circles and had plenty of time to observe the huge red crosses painted on the ship's white side.Nevertheless they dropped a bomb which cut the Sturebog in half. . . .

(Dr. <mask>d: Warrior without Weapons ICRC, Geneva, 1982, p. 202)
In December 1944, Junod married his wife Eugénie Georgette Perret (1915-1970). After a short break from being a delegate, during part of which he worked in the ICRC headquarters in Geneva, in June 1945 he was sent to Japan and


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 arrived in Tokyo on 9 August. His original mission involved the visit of POWs in Japanese camps and the supervision of the adherence to the Geneva Conventions in Japanese territory. His mission in Japan took place while his wife was expecting a child at home. After the American dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima (6 August 1945) and Nagasaki (9 August 1945) and the subsequent Japanese surrender, Junod organized the evacuation of POW camps and the Allied rescue of the often severely injured inmates. On 30 August he received photographic evidence and a telegraph description of the conditions in Hiroshima. He quickly organized an assistance mission and on 8 September became the first foreign doctor to reach the site.He was accompanied by an American investigation task force, two Japanese doctors, and 15 tons of medical supplies. He stayed there for five days, during which he visited all of the major hospitals, administered the distribution of supplies, and personally gave medical care. The photographs from Hiroshima, which he gave to the ICRC, were some of the first pictures of the city after the explosion to reach Europe.

. . . On what remained of the station facade the hands of the clock had been stopped by the fire at 8.15. It was perhaps the first time in the history of humanity that the birth of a new era was recorded on the face of a clock. . . .

(Dr. <mask>d: Warrior without Weapons ICRC, Geneva, 1982, p. 300)

His life after the Second World War
His deployment in Japan and other surrounding Asian countries lasted until April 1946 when he was able to return to Switzerland,


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 having missed the birth of his son Benoit in October 1945. After he returned, he wrote the book Le Troisième Combattant, entitled in English, Warrior Without Weapons. It describes, in very personal language, his experiences during his various ICRC deployments. Other editions were published in German, in Spanish, Danish, Swedish, Dutch, Japanese and Serbo-Croatian.An Italian translation of the book appeared in 2006, nearly 60 years later. It has been reprinted several times by the International Committee of the Red Cross in English, French and Spanish. The book is sometimes called the "bedside volume of all young ICRC delegates." Thus it is our task to form a third front above and cutting across the two belligerent fronts, a third front which is directed against neither of them, but which works for the benefit of both. The combatants of this third front are interested only in the suffering of the defenceless human being, irrespective of his nationality, his convictions or his past. They fight wherever they can against all inhumanity, against every degradation of the human personality, against all injustice directed against defenceless human beings. It is for these fighters that Dr. Junod has coined the expression 'the third combatant'.(Dr. <mask>d: Warriors without Weapons. From the foreword by Max Huber, former ICRC President)

From January 1948 until April 1949, Junod was active as a representative of the UN children's help organization, UNICEF, in China, after being invited for that position by then UNICEF director Maurice Pate. However, due to an illness that made it difficult to


texts: stand for long periods of time, he had to cut off his deployment. He also had to turn down a mission for the World Health Organization (WHO) and was forced to give up his career as a surgeon. He decided to become a specialist in anesthesiology, which would allow him to work sitting down. The need for additional training and education led him to Paris and London, and in 1951 he returned to Geneva and opened a new practice. For the first time since his time at the hospital in Mulhouse, he began regular work once again as a doctor.In 1953, he convinced the management of the Cantonal Hospital of Geneva to open an anesthesiology department, of which he later became the director. He was also able to finally devote himself to medical research, which he presented in numerous journals and at conferences. In 1946, the USA wanted to honour Junod with the Medal of Liberty for his work on behalf of Allied prisoners in Japan, but a rule that Swiss citizens, while bound to military service, cannot accept foreign decorations, prevented him from receiving it. Four years later in 1950, he received the Gold Medal for Peace of Prince Carl of Sweden for his extensive humanitarian service. He was appointed a member of the ICRC on 23 October 1952 and elected vice-president in 1959. At the beginning of 1953, he relocated to Lullier, a small, charming village near Geneva, to find respite from his double burden as a physician and member of the ICRC. He spent almost all of his holidays with friends in Barcelona whom he knew from his mission in Spain.His positions in the ICRC sent him to Budapest, Vienna, Cairo,


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 and elsewhere. In 1957 he attended the International Red Cross Conference in New Delhi, and in 1960 he visited national Red Cross societies in the Soviet Union, Taiwan, Thailand, Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Canada, and the United States. In December 1960 he was appointed Professor of Anesthesiology in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Geneva. <mask> died on 16 June 1961 in Geneva from a massive heart attack while working as an anesthesiologist in an operation. The ICRC received more than 3,000 letters and other messages of condolence from all over the world. In the same year, he was posthumously awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasure by the government of Japan. On 8 September 1979 a monument to Junod was inaugurated in the Hiroshima Peace Park.Each year on the anniversary of his death a commemorative meeting is held in front of the monument. On 13 September 2005, 60 years after he left Hiroshima, a similar monument was inaugurated in Geneva by the town and cantonal authorities. The last sentence of the following quotation from the final chapter of Junod's book is written on the back of the Hiroshima monument:

. . . All these pictures are not merely out of the past. They are still with us all today and they will be with us still more tomorrow. Those wounded men and those pitiful captives are not things in a nightmare; they are near us now. Their fate is in our care.Let us place no reliance on the slender hope which lawyers have aroused by devising a form of words to place a check on violence. There will never be too many volunteers to answer so many cries of pain, to


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 answer so many half-stifled appeals from the depths of prison and prison camp. Those who call for help are many. It is you they are calling. (Dr. <mask>d: Warrior without Weapons ICRC, Geneva, 1982, p. 312)

References

 <mask>d: Warrior without Weapons. Jonathan Cape Ltd, London 1951 (first English edition); Le Troisième Combattant. Verlagsanstalt Ringier & Cie, Zofingen 1947 (first French edition); Reprints of the English, French and Spanish editions by ICRC Publications, Geneva 1982
 <mask>d: The Hiroshima Disaster.ICRC, Geneva 1982
 André Durand: History of the International Committee of the Red Cross. Volume II: From Sarajevo to Hiroshima. Henry Dunant Institute, Geneva 1984,
 Caroline Moorehead: Dunant's dream: War, Switzerland and the history of the Red Cross. HarperCollins, London 1998,  (Hardcover edition); HarperCollins, London 1999,  (Paperback edition)
 Rainer Baudendistel: Force versus law: The International Committee of the Red Cross and chemical warfare in the Italo-Ethiopian war 1935-1936. In: International Review of the Red Cross. 322/1998. ICRC, p. 81-104, ISSN 1560-7755
 François Bugnion: Remembering Hiroshima.In: International Review of the Red Cross. 306/1995. ICRC, p. 307-313, ISSN 1560-7755
 Maggie Black: The children and the nations: The story of UNICEF. UNICEF, New York 1986,

External links
Genealogy of the Junod Families of Neuchâtel (Switzerland) - Dr <mask> (1904-1961)
History of the ICRC
<mask> (1904-1961): the Red Cross doctor who personified "the spirit of the thing"
Telegram from Fritz Bilfinger to <mask> on 30 August 1945 about the situation in

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Marcel Juno
Marcel Juno
Marcel Juno
Marcel Junod
Marcel Junod
Marcel Junod


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 Hiroshima (PDF facsimile)
ICRC Reprints of the English, French and Spanish editions of "Warrior without Weapons"
The Hiroshima MOST association's project of an animated film about <mask>d
Portrait of <mask>d published on ICRC Library and Archives blog CROSS-files

1904 births
1961 deaths
Red Cross personnel
Swiss anesthesiologists
Swiss humanitarians
UNICEF people
20th-century Swiss physicians
Swiss officials of the United

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Marcel Juno
Marcel Juno


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<mask> is an American developmental and cell biologist at Princeton University, where he is the Director of the Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and a Professor of Molecular Biology. <mask> previously held appointments at the University of California, Berkeley, the University of California, San Diego, and Columbia University. He is notable for co-discovering the Homeobox in 1983 and for discovering the organization of the regulatory regions of developmental genes. Biography
<mask> was born in West Hollywood and raised in Los Angeles. <mask> studied biology as an undergraduate at UC Berkeley, studying biology with Allan Wilson and graduating in 1976. He went on to graduate studies at Yale, where he studied with Alan Garen and in 1981 received a Ph.D. in molecular biophysics and biochemistry. <mask> joined the Princeton faculty in 2015, and had been a professor at UC Berkeley after leaving UCSD in 1996.Discoveries

Homeobox discovery
<mask> was a post-doc with Walter Gehring in Switzerland from 1982 to 1983. There, he co-discovered the homeobox with Ernst Hafen and fellow post-doc William McGinnis:
After learning that Ultrabithorax, a gene that specifies the development of wings, showed a localized pattern of expression similar to that of Antennapedia, they decided to revisit the classic papers of Ed Lewis. In 1978, Lewis had proposed that all these homeotic genes (the ones that tell animals where to put a wing and where to put a leg and so on) arose from a common ancestral gene. So McGinnis carved up the Antennapedia gene and, using those pieces as probes, the trio identified eight genes, which turned out to be the eight homeotic genes in flies. "That pissed off a lot of people," says <mask>. "The homeotic genes were the trophies of

masks:
Michael Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine


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 the Drosophila genome. And we got 'em all.I mean, we got 'em all!" Far from being humble, <mask> says, "We were like, 'We kicked your ass pretty good, didn't we, baby!' Those were the days." Discovery of the eve stripe 2 enhancer
<mask> briefly returned to UC Berkeley as a postdoctoral fellow with Gerry Rubin. He then joined the faculty of Columbia University, where he "led the discovery of the modular organization of the regulatory regions of developmental genes." After isolating the even-skipped (eve) gene, <mask>'s team determined that each of the seven stripes was produced by separate enhancers. With further study they discovered that both a set of activators and a set of repressors worked together to shape the expression of eve in the second stripe, and determined that the repressors shut down only their binding enhancers, leaving other enhancers free of repression.Joseph Corbo said of the work, "Before <mask>'s studies of even-skipped stripe 2, it wasn't clear how you generated spatially restricted patterns of gene expression from initially broad crude gradients of morphogens. I think that the even-skipped stripe 2 studies were the defining studies that showed how an organism can interpret those gradients and turn them into specific patterns of gene expression. To me that's Mike's crowning achievement." Discoveries in the ascidian Ciona
After earning tenure in only four years at Columbia, <mask> moved to UCSD in 1991, where he added the sea squirt, Ciona intestinalis, to his repertoire. Although much of <mask>'s work, including his homeobox studies, has been done in Drosophila <mask>'s team is also prominent in work with the sea squirt, Ciona intestinalis, an invertebrate that facilitates study of development. For example, this work

masks: Levine Levine Levine Levine Levine Levine Levine


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 included insights into classical myodeterminants and the composition of the notochord, the defining tissue of the chordate phylum. Awards
 1982 - Jane Coffin Childs Postdoctoral Fellowship
 1985 - Searle Scholars Research Fellowship
 1985 - Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship
 1996 - NAS Award in Molecular Biology - "For his insightful contributions to our understanding of gene regulation networks and molecular mechanisms governing the development of organisms with a segmented body plan."1998 - Elected to United States National Academy of Sciences in "Cellular and Developmental Biology" section: "Utilizing an elegant blend of in vitro and in vivo studies, <mask>bur Cross Medal (Yale Alumni Association)

Professional relations

<mask> cites as a significant influence his instructor Fred Wilt (taking his developmental biology class "was probably the single most galvanizing experience I had in terms of defining my future goals"), and cites fellow scientists Eric Davidson, Peter Lawrence and Christiane Nusslein-Volhard as "mentors [and] friends ... over the years". On choosing to become a research biologist, he described some family pressure to become a doctor ("Coming from a modest background, particularly a Jewish family, the pressure to become a doctor was intense"),

Fellow biologist Sean Carroll said of <mask>, "Mike's work has done for animal development what the work on the lac operon and phage lambda did for understanding gene regulation in simpler organisms ... [Those] two big discoveries had a very large conceptual significance for developmental biology and by extension for evolutionary biology." <mask> is well-known within academic biologist circles for his unconventional sense of humor, including an incident in which he lit a ring of fire around

masks: Levineil Levine Levine Levine


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 a postdoc:

"The most famous thing I ever did is I torched one of my postdocs," says <mask>. [Joseph] Corbo was there at the time. "Mike got a squirt bottle of ethanol, unbeknownst to this hapless postdoc who was sitting at his bench minding his own business," says Corbo.<mask> shot a ring of ethanol around the young man's seat and trailed a wick into the hallway. Then he lit it. "So this tongue of flame snaked into the lab and encircled this postdoc," says Corbo. "My technique was a little off and I put a little too much ethanol around his bench. So it's true, he was temporarily enveloped in a curtain of fire," says <mask>. "But the fire receded and he was ok."

Training

<mask> has trained researchers in developmental biology and molecular biology. They include Stephen Small, professor of biology at New York University, and David Hendrix, assistant professor at Oregon State University, and  Albert Erives, associate professor at University of Iowa.Notable papers
 (the homeobox paper)

Notes

External links
 Levine Lab website

 Seminars and Talks
<mask>'s Seminar Series: "Transcriptional Precision in the Drosophila Embryo"

 Interviews (print and video)
 Video interview with <mask>, "Evolution: 'Great Transformations'" (WGBH 2001). <mask> interviewed in "What Darwin Never Knew", PBS Nova, Dec. 21, 2011
 Video Interview with <mask> by Andrea Anderson, "The Biology of Genomes (2008)", SciVee (April 8, 2009)

 Profiles

 "25 Years of Homeodomain / Homeobox discovery", Evo devo, HOX, May 10, 2008. 21st-century American biologists
Developmental biologists
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Jewish American scientists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
21st-century

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Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Michael Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine


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<mask> ( ; born August 29, 1950) is an American former professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a third baseman from 1973 to 1987 for the Baltimore Orioles, California Angels and St. Louis Cardinals. He also played for one season in the Nippon Professional Baseball league for the Yakult Swallows in 1988. In 1982, DeCinces won the Silver Slugger Award, which is awarded annually to the best offensive player at each position and, was a member of the 1983 American League All-Star team. In 2006, he was inducted into the Baltimore Orioles Hall of Fame. Amateur career
DeCinces played PONY League Baseball and Colt League Baseball in Northridge, California, with fellow major league player Dwight Evans. He attended and played at Monroe High School in Sepulveda, California and Los Angeles Pierce College, and is in Pierce College's Athletic Hall of Fame.Professional career

Baltimore Orioles
He began his major league career at the age of 23 with the Baltimore Orioles late in the 1973 season. When the Orioles' Hall of Fame third baseman, Brooks Robinson retired at the end of the 1977 season, DeCinces was given the difficult task of replacing the legendary player. Despite being booed by Orioles fans in his first game as Robinson's replacement, he endured to play for the Orioles for a total of nine seasons. On June 22, 1979, <mask> hit a game-winning home run at Memorial Stadium off Detroit Tigers reliever Dave Tobik. The Orioles were trailing the Tigers 5-3 going into the bottom of the ninth inning. With one out, Ken Singleton hit a solo home run off Tobik to bring the Orioles within one. Eddie Murray reached base on a single, and, with two outs, DeCinces hit a two-run home run to give the Orioles a 6-5 victory.The win has been called "the night Oriole Magic was born." DeCinces said years later that the game and his home run "triggered something" and that "the emotion just multiplied from there," adding that the

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Douglas Vernon DeCces
DeCinces


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 ensuing atmosphere of excitement was in no small part due to the excited call of the home run by announcers Bill O'Donnell and Charley Eckman on the Orioles' radio network. The Orioles went on to win the American League pennant in 1979. DeCinces tagged out Dan Ford who was attempting to advance to third base on a force play that ended Game 2 of the 1979 American League Championship Series. In 1981, DeCinces got into a feud with Jim Palmer after DeCinces missed a line drive hit by Alan Trammell in a game against the Tigers. According to DeCinces, Palmer "was cussing me out and throwing his hands in the air" after the play. "Those balls have to be caught," Palmer told a paper."<mask> is reluctant to get in front of a ball." "I'd like to know where Jim Palmer gets off criticizing others," DeCinces responded. "Ask anybody–they're all sick of it. We're a twenty-four man team–and one prima donna. He thinks it's always someone else's fault." The feud simmered until June, when Weaver said, "I see no cause for concern. The third baseman wants the pitcher to do a little better and the pitcher wants the third baseman to do a little better.I hope we can all do better and kiss and make up...The judge gave me custody of both of them." Palmer ultimately blamed Robinson for the dispute: "If Brooks hadn't been the best third-baseman of all time, the rest of the Orioles wouldn't have taken it for granted that any ball hit anywhere within the same county as Brooks would be judged perfectly, fielded perfectly, and thrown perfectly, nailing (perfectly) what seemed like every single opposing batter." California Angels

Both DeCinces and Ford were exchanged for each other in a trade that also sent Jeff Schneider from the Orioles to the Angels and was announced on January 28, 1982. The deal was delayed when Ford requested additional compensation because the Orioles were not one of six teams listed in his contract to which he could be traded without


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 approval. The transaction became official upon his approval two days later on January 30. DeCinces' departure allowed rookie Cal Ripken Jr. to become the Orioles' new starting third baseman. In 1982, DeCinces hit three home runs in a game twice within a five day span for the Angels, first on August 3 in a 5-4 loss to the Minnesota Twins, and also on August 8 in a 9-5 victory over the Seattle Mariners.DeCinces was a member of the American League All Star Team in 1983. St. Louis Cardinals
Released by the Angels on September 23, 1987, he concluded his major league career by playing in four games for the St. Louis Cardinals late in the 1987 season. Japan
In 1988 DeCinces played for the Yakult Swallows in Japan. He missed the final two months of the season because of back problems and, on his doctors' advice, retired from baseball at the age of 37. His experiences in Japan led to him being hired as a consultant for the 1992 film Mr. Baseball, about a veteran American ballplayer who is traded to a Japanese baseball club and is forced to contend with overwhelming expectations and cultural differences during the team's run at the pennant. Career summary and statistics
DeCinces played for 15 seasons (1973–1987) in the major leagues for three different teams, including nine years with the Orioles and six years with the Angels.He twice finished in the top 25 voting for the American League Most Valuable Player, finishing third in 1982 and 11th in 1986 while playing for the California Angels. In 1982 he won the Silver Slugger Award, and in 23 postseason games, including three ALCS series and one World Series, he batted .270 (24-for-89) with 13 runs, 2 home runs and 9 RBI. DeCinces was inducted into the Baltimore Orioles Hall of Fame on August 26, 2006.

Insider trading trial
On August 4, 2011, DeCinces, along with three others, was charged by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) with insider trading ahead of a company buyout. In a civil