texts:
 Whitchurch, Shropshire. The victorious French generals raised a monument to Talbot on the field called Notre Dame de Talbot and a French Chronicler paid him handsome tribute:
"Such was the end of this famous and renowned English leader who for so long had been one of the most formidable thorns in the side of the French, who regarded him with terror and dismay" – Matthew d'Escourcy
Although Talbot is generally remembered as a great soldier, some have raised doubts as to his generalship. In particular, charges of rashness have been raised against him. Speed and aggression were key elements in granting success in medieval war, and Talbot's numerical inferiority necessitated surprise. Furthermore, he was often in the position of trying to force battle on unwilling opponents.At his defeat at Patay in 1429 he was advised not to fight there by Sir <mask>f, who was subsequently blamed for the debacle, but the French, inspired by <mask> Arc, showed unprecedented fighting spirit – usually they approached an English position with trepidation. The charge of rashness is perhaps more justifiable at Castillon, where Talbot, misled by false reports of a French retreat, attacked their entrenched camp frontally, facing wheel to wheel artillery. Cultural influence
He is portrayed heroically in Shakespeare's Henry VI, Part 1: "Valiant Lord Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, Created, for his rare success in arms". Talbot's failures are all blamed on Fastolf and feuding factions in the English court. Thomas Nashe, commenting on the play in his booklet Pierce Penniless, stated that Talbot's example was inspiring Englishmen anew, two centuries after his death,
How would it have joyed brave Talbot, the terror of the French, to think that after he had lain two hundred years in his tomb, he should

masks:
John Fastol
Joan of


type: original

texts:
 triumph again on the stage, and have his bones new embalmed with the tears of ten thousand spectators at least (at several times) who in the tragedian that represents his person imagine they behold him fresh bleeding. I will defend it against any collian or clubfisted usurer of them all, there is no immortality can be given a man on earth like unto plays. Fiction
<mask> is shown as a featured character in Koei's video game Bladestorm: The Hundred Years' War, appearing as the left-arm of Edward, the Black Prince, in which he assists the former and the respective flag of England throughout his many portrayals.Talbot appears as one of the primary antagonists in the PSP game Jeanne d'Arc. See also
Talbot Shrewsbury Book
Talbot (dog)
Château Talbot
HMS Talbot (1895)

Ancestry

Footnotes

References

Other sources
 Allmand, C T (1983) Lancastrian Normandy, 1415–1450: The History of a Medieval Occupation. New York: Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, Pp. xiii, 349
 Barker, J. (2000) The Hundred Years War
 Bradbury, M. (1983) Medieval Archery

 Mortimer, I. (2008), 1415: A Year of Glory
 Pollard, A.J. (1983) <mask> and the War in France, 1427-1453, Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, Inc
 Sumption, J.(2004) The Hundred Years War: Trial by Fire vol. 2 of 2
 Talbot, Rev H., (1980) The English Achilles:  the life of <mask>

Further reading

External links
 A brief short history of Lord <mask>, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury

 Lord <mask>

|-

|-

14th-century births
1453 deaths
15th-century English nobility
Barons Talbot
Constables of France
Earls of Shrewsbury
Earls of Waterford
English military personnel killed in action
English soldiers
Knights of the Garter
Le Strange family
Lords Lieutenant of Ireland
Male Shakespearean characters
People of the Hundred Years'

masks:
John Talbot
John Talbot
John Talbot
John Talbot
John Talbot


texts:
<mask> (February 11, 1871 – December 24, 1929) was the first African-American professionally trained librarian in the United States. His sudden death in 1929 ended his career the year he was expected to receive the first Ph.D. in librarianship. <mask> was born on February 11, 1871, in Cleveland, Ohio, to an African-American father and an Irish mother. Upon his graduation with distinction from Adelbert College of Western Reserve University in 1892, he was appointed Assistant Librarian of Hatch Library at WRU. Two years later, he was promoted to librarian of Hatch Library until 1909, when he resigned to assume the responsibility of the Principal of M Street High School in Washington, D.C. He continued his career as University Librarian of Howard University until his death on December 24, 1929. <mask> was rediscovered as a Harlem Renaissance author with the 2004 publication of his novel When Washington Was in Vogue, considered among the earliest epistolary novels by an African American.Personal life
<mask> was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the only son of Daniel P<mask>, a respected personality in Cleveland, and Mary Kilkary <mask>, who was of Irish origin. <mask> received his education in the public schools of Cleveland, and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Adelbert College of Western Reserve University in 1892. As a distinguished student, he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa fraternity and was named class valedictorian. <mask> married Ethel Chesnutt, the daughter of the writer Charles Waddell Chesnutt, in 1902. They had one son, Charles Chesnutt <mask>, who later became a lawyer, and died before completing a biography of his father. <mask> began his library career in 1892 as an assistant librarian in Hatch Library of Western Reserve University (WRU). After two years, he was promoted to library director.In

masks:
Edward Christopher Williams
Williams
Williams
Edward Williams
. Williams
Williams
Edward
Edward
Williams
Career Williams


texts:
 1898, <mask> took a sabbatical leave to pursue a master's degree in librarianship at New York State Library. He completed the two years program in one year and went back to resume his responsibilities at WRU as Librarian and Instructor until 1909. He was credited with doubling the size of the collection at WRU. Prior to the establishment of the WRU Library School, <mask> taught some courses in national bibliography; he was also on the committee that recommended the school's establishment. Upon opening the library school in 1904, he was appointed instructor of bibliography and reference. In 1909, <mask> resigned from his position at WRU and was appointed as Principal of the M Street High School (Dunbar High School) in Washington, D.C., where he served for seven years. In 1916, <mask> was elected head librarian of Howard University, where he spent 13 years serving the University Library and developing its collection.<mask> also assumed additional responsibilities as a professor of bibliography, instructor of German language, chair of the romance languages department, and director of library training classes. During his career at Howard University, he advocated for the need for professional personnel, and he worked on improving the quality of the library resources. <mask> also assumed additional responsibilities as a professor of bibliography, instructor of German language, chair of the romance languages department, and director of a Library Training Class. In a Howard news release he was referred to as "The Dean of the library school." Library associations
In addition to his profession as librarian and instructor, <mask> collaborated on the establishment of many associations. He was a founding member of the Ohio Library Association (OLA) and was elected secretary in 1904. As the chairman of the Ohio

masks: Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams


texts:
 Library Association's College Section, he gave many speeches and lectures at the Ohio Institute of Library Workers.<mask> was also a member of the American Library Association and assisted in its conventions and sessions. He gave a lecture in 1928 in a session of ALA's College and Reference titled "Library Needs of Negro Institutions" and was involved in planning the first conference for African American librarians, held at Fisk University in 1930. <mask> served as vice-president of the New York State Library School Association in 1904. Works
In addition to his library profession, <mask> was also an author and translator. His works include: The Exile (an Italian classical drama), The Sheriff's Children, The Chasm, and many articles, poems and short stories published in The Messenger between 1925 and 1927. <mask>' main writings were based on the problems of Washington's black society as in his novel The Letters of Davy Carr, a True Story of Colored Vanity Fair, serialized in The Messenger from January 1925 to July 1926. Sometimes, he used a pseudonym, Bertiuccio Dantino, to sign his articles.<mask> excelled in five languages: English, French, German, Italian and Spanish. He translated some documents from different languages into English. Early in his career, he received job offers to become a translator. The Letters of Davy Carr was rediscovered by scholar Adam McKible and published as When Washington Was in Vogue in 2004, establishing <mask>' place in the canon of Harlem Renaissance literature. Death
<mask> was preparing for advanced studies to earn the first Ph.D. in library science offered by Columbia University, when he died unexpectedly on December 24, 1929, at Freedmen's Hospital. The funeral was held at the Andrew Rankin Memorial Chapel on the Howard University campus, in the presence of the


texts:
 President of the University, Dr. Mordecai Johnson, who presided over the ceremony. <mask> <mask> was buried at Lincoln Cemetery in Suitland, Maryland.<mask> was not only a successful professional librarian and author at the time of segregation but a social activist too. He was raising the problems and challenges faced by the black people libraries as deteriorated buildings, shortage in staff and lack of funding at every convention. He was also helping young black men and women to pursue their education and expand their knowledge to become successful people. <mask> admired Saint Augustine, and his favorite quotation was "Always proceed, never stand still nor go back nor deviate. Be always displeased at what thou art. If thou sayest 'I have enough,' thou diest," which was reflected clearly throughout his life and career. E. J. Josey celebrated <mask>' career and achievements in his 1969 article:

<mask> <mask>' life was not a mere life for us to let pass into oblivion historically, for it was a vast spectacle of scholarly achievements in writing, translating, and understanding the complex problems of libraries; and, it was also a panorama of prodigious teaching and motivation to lead his students to excellence in librarianship …

In 1999, American Libraries named him one of the "100 Most Important Leaders We Had in the 20th Century".References

American librarians
Writers from Cleveland
1871 births
1929 deaths
Case Western Reserve University alumni
Harlem Renaissance
African-American novelists
African-American librarians
Case Western Reserve University faculty
Howard University faculty
American male novelists
20th-century American novelists
20th-century American male writers
Novelists from Ohio
African-American history of Washington, D.C.
20th-century African-American writers
African-American male

masks:
Edward Christopher
Williams
Edward Williams
Williams
Williams
Edward Christopher
Williams


texts:
<mask> (; born May 18, 1960) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey winger and a five-time Stanley Cup champion. In 2001, he became the first Finnish player to be inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. In 2017 <mask> was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history. He is the general manager and owner of Jokerit. Playing career

Early years (1977–1980)
He began his pro career with Jokerit in the Finnish SM-liiga. After an eleven-point rookie season for Jokerit in 1977–78, <mask> scored 30 and 39 points the next two years, playing all 33 games in each season. On March 20, 1979, in a game of seemingly minor consequence at the time, <mask> accompanied the Finnish national team to play in Edmonton, Alberta.The Finns had been invited by the World Hockey Association to play the WHA-leading Edmonton Oilers - while essentially an exhibition game for the Finnish team, the WHA counted the game in its standings. Finland lost the game 8-4, nevertheless <mask> impressed Oilers' management. His performance in Edmonton that night would have a profound impact on his later career. Edmonton Oilers (1980-1990)

After his third professional season, <mask> was eligible for the 1980 NHL Entry Draft. However, he was also widely believed to still be liable for military service in NHL circles, and thus was ignored by most NHL teams. The Oilers, who had joined the NHL after the WHA merged following the 1978-79 season, had closely tracked <mask>'s career after watching him play in Edmonton. They made discreet inquiries to the Finnish government and were able to determine that <mask> had already fulfilled his

masks:
Jari Pekka Kurri
Kurri
Kurri
Kurri
Kurri
Kurri
Kurri
Kurri


texts: military service obligations.Taking advantage of this information, the Oilers waited until the fourth round before selecting <mask> with the 69th overall pick. <mask> remains regarded as one of the greatest "steals" in the history of the NHL draft. When <mask> joined the Oilers, he was soon paired with Wayne Gretzky. <mask> and Gretzky became one of the most prolific scoring duos ever to play in the NHL. Despite not always playing on the same line, Gretzky assisted on 364 of <mask>'s 601 career goals, while <mask> had an assist on 196 Gretzky goals. During his career in Edmonton, he was nicknamed the "Finnish Flash" (a title since bestowed on Teemu Selänne). <mask> was "by far our most complete player", according to Oilers' director of personnel Barry Fraser.Although <mask> never won the Selke Trophy, he was regarded as one of the best defensive forwards in the NHL. Alongside <mask>, Esa Tikkanen and Gretzky, Edmonton had future hall-of-famers Paul Coffey, Grant Fuhr, Glenn Anderson and Mark Messier. The team won four Stanley Cups during Gretzky's tenure. In 1988, Gretzky was traded, along with team enforcer Marty McSorley, to the Los Angeles Kings. Following Gretzky's trade, <mask> recorded 195 points in 154 games, leading the Oilers to their fifth and last Stanley Cup in 1990. <mask> won five Stanley Cups, all with Edmonton (1984, 1985, 1987, 1988 and 1990). In 1984–85 he had 135 points and scored 50 goals in his first 50 games; however, his 50th game was the Oilers' 53rd game so it does not count as an official 50 goals in 50 games.A year later, he led the league in goals with 68. In 1984–85 <mask>

masks: Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri


texts:
 set a record for goals by a right winger when he scored 71, which was broken by Brett Hull when he scored 72 goals in 1989–90 (Hull's 86 goals in 1990–91 is the current record). <mask> also scored the Stanley Cup winning goal in game seven against the Philadelphia Flyers in 1987. <mask>'s 19 goals in the 1985 post-season (18 games played) tied an NHL record set by the Flyers' Reggie Leach in the 1976 playoffs (16 games played). Those 19 goals included four hat tricks, a still-standing record in a playoff season. <mask> scored three of the hat tricks against the Blackhawks in the conference finals, also a feat that no player has ever equaled. He scored five goals in a single game, on November 19, 1983.The achievement was not repeated by Finnish player until November 24, 2018 when Patrik Laine had a five-goal-game. <mask> registered three goals and two assists in Game 2 of the Stanley Cup Finals in Boston, May 18, 1990, setting a record for scoring in a single Finals game in the modern era, on his 30th birthday. <mask> had also set up Petr Klíma's goal in triple overtime in Game 1. Later career (1990–1998)
<mask>'s contract with the Oilers expired in 1990 but his NHL rights were still owned by the Oilers. Instead of accepting a new contract from the Oilers, <mask> opted for a season in Italy and played for Devils Milano of the Italian Serie A. <mask> had 27 goals and 48 assists in 30 games while he played in the Italian league. After a season in Italy, <mask>'s rights were traded to the Philadelphia Flyers and then to the Los Angeles Kings on the same day. For the first time since the 1988 trade, <mask>

masks: Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri


texts: was reunited with Wayne Gretzky.The pair had a fairly successful campaign in 1993 leading the Los Angeles Kings to the Stanley Cup Finals where they faced off against the Montreal Canadiens. <mask> managed to put together 17 points in 24 games during the run, in which the Kings ultimately fell short and lost the series in 5 games. <mask> followed the run up with a few more solid seasons as a Los Angeles King, scoring 146 points in 176 games; his decline in scoring was primarily due to his transition into a more defensive minded forward in a somewhat reduced role. (Though they were back on the same team, by this time he and Gretzky were not usually playing on the same line.) <mask>'s best season for the Kings was during the successful 1992–93 season when <mask> posted 27 goals and 60 assists in 82 games. During the 1994–95 NHL lockout <mask> <mask> represented Jokerit, the team for which he played before his NHL career. <mask> played alongside Teemu Selänne, the 1993 winner of the Calder Memorial Trophy who had established himself as one of the top stars in Finland during early success in the NHL.<mask> had one memorable moment during his visit to SM-liiga when Jokerit faced their local rivals HIFK. <mask> played against his former Oilers-linemate Esa Tikkanen and another Finnish NHL-player, Christian Ruuttu. <mask>, Selänne and Jokerit captain Waltteri Immonen led Jokerit to 4–2 victory over Russian HC Lada Togliatti in 1994 European Cup Finals. After the lockout <mask> returned to Los Angeles, but was traded to New York Rangers in 1996 for their playoff run. <mask> played the remainder of the 1995–96

masks: Kurri Jari Kurri Kurri Jari Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri


texts: NHL season with the Rangers and posted one goal and four assists in 14 games. While he may not have put up the points the Rangers expected him to at the end of the regular season, <mask> proved some of his value by notching 8 points in 11 playoff games with the Rangers. After his short period with the Rangers, <mask> signed with the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim.<mask> intended to play alongside Teemu Selänne and Paul Kariya, but was ultimately reduced to a smaller role on the second and third lines, despite a newfound confidence from rigorous summer training. The Mighty Ducks made it to the playoffs and defeated the Phoenix Coyotes in the first round but were swept by the Detroit Red Wings in the second round. After his single season with the Mighty Ducks, <mask> was signed by the Colorado Avalanche, the 1996 Stanley Cup champions. <mask> had a more defensive role with the Avalanche. <mask>'s highlight of the season was his 600th NHL career goal, which he scored during a regular season game between the Avalanche and the Kings. Despite having a strong team with players like Joe Sakic, Peter Forsberg and Patrick Roy, the Avalanche were eliminated quickly in the playoffs by the Oilers. <mask> finished his career as the highest scoring European-born-and-trained player in NHL history, with 601 goals, 797 assists, and 1,398 points.(Stan Mikita, who was born in Slovakia, but raised in Canada, retired 18 seasons before <mask> with 926 assists and 1,467 points.) <mask> has since been passed in all three categories by Jaromír Jágr, who also passed all of Mikita's marks. <mask> has since also been bested in goals by

masks:
Kurri
Kurri
Kurri
Kurri
Kurri
Kurri
Legacy Kurri
Kurri
Kurri
Kurri


texts:
 Teemu Selänne (the current record-holder for NHL goals scored by a Finn), and in assists by Nicklas Lidström. He was also the highest ranked non-Canadian in NHL points and goals; the only non-Canadian with more assists at <mask>'s retirement was American Phil Housley, since passed by Mike Modano. <mask> finished with 106 career playoff goals and 233 playoff points, third all-time behind Gretzky and Messier. His 1,398 points are 19th all-time, and the third highest among players trained in Europe behind Jágr and Selänne. He is 18th in all-time goals with 601, and was the leading Finn in that department until Selänne passed him in 2010.He is the second leading point-scorer in Oilers history, with 1,043 points in 754 games, behind Gretzky. His No. 17 has been retired by the Edmonton Oilers, the Finnish national team, and Jokerit. In addition, the <mask> <mask> trophy is given to the most valuable player in the SM-liiga playoffs. In 2000, he was named along with longtime linemate Gretzky to the International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame. In 1998, he was ranked number 50 on The Hockey News''' list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players, the highest-ranking Northern European player (1998). In addition, he was the first Finn to be inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame, doing so in 2001.

International play

<mask> also had a lengthy international career for the Finnish national team.<mask> debuted during 1980 Winter Olympics when Finland played in the Olympic ice hockey tournament. <mask> scored two goals and an assist in his international debut. Since NHL players were unable to participate in the Winter

masks: Kurri Kurri Jari Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri


texts: Olympics and World Championships, <mask>'s national team appearances were limited after he started his NHL career. <mask> was part of Finnish national team during 1981 Canada Cup. Finland lost four games and had a 4–4 tie with the United States. <mask> had a disappointing performance, with only one assist in five games. After the Oilers were eliminated in the 1982 NHL playoffs, <mask> was able to join the Finnish national team in 1982 World Championships.The tournament was held in Finland. <mask> formed Finland's top line along with SM-liiga players Reijo Leppänen of TPS and Kari Jalonen of Kärpät. The lineup led the Finnish team in points and played well during the tournament but Finland was not able to advance to the medal round. <mask> was part of the Finnish team at the 1987 Canada Cup and the 1989 World Championships, but Finland was unable to gain success on those tournaments, ranking 6th of 6 and 5th of 8, in those respective tournaments. In 1991, <mask> represented Finland at the 1991 World Championships held again in Finland. Finland ranked 5th of 8 teams. Later that year, at the 1991 Canada Cup, Finland lost 3–7 to the United States in the semi-finals.At the 1994 World Championships, <mask> managed to get his first international medal when Finland earned silver after losing 1–2 in a shootout against Canada. At the 1998 Winter Olympics, <mask> faced Gretzky on ice for the last time, when Finland and Canada played for the Olympic bronze medal in Nagano. Finland was the underdog against Canada, but Finland won the game 3–2. <mask> scored the first goal of the game, which turned out to be his


texts:
 last goal for the Finnish national team. After retirement
After being long time general manager of the Finnish national men's ice hockey team, scouting players and assisting the head coach. He is now GM of the first Finnish KHL league team Jokerit. In the summer of 2019, Hjallis Harkimo sold the Jokerit to Jari and so <mask> <mask> now owns the club.Personal life
<mask> is married to former Miss Finland, <mask>, nee Forsman; they wed in 2004 and have three daughters: Odessa (born 2002), Alissa (born 2005) and Isla (2012), and one son, Paulus (born 2007). <mask> also has twin boys (Joonas and Ville) from his first marriage, to Tiina <mask>. Former linemate Wayne Gretzky is the godfather of <mask>'s children from his first marriage. <mask> is the godfather of Sami Lepistö. Transactions
May 30, 1991 – Traded by the Edmonton Oilers, along with Dave Brown and Corey Foster, to the Philadelphia Flyers in exchange for Craig Fisher, Scott Mellanby and Craig Berube. May 30, 1991 – Traded by the Philadelphia Flyers, along with Jeff Chychrun to Los Angeles Kings in exchange for Steve Duchesne, Steve Kasper and Los Angeles' 1991 4th round draft choice. March 14, 1996 – Traded by the Los Angeles Kings, along with Shane Churla and Marty McSorley, to the New York Rangers in exchange for Ray Ferraro, Ian Laperrière, Nathan LaFayette, Mattias Norström and New York's 1997 4th round draft choice.September 10, 1996 – Signed as a free agent with the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim. September 15, 1997 – Signed as a free agent with the Colorado Avalanche. Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs

^ Led leagueIn bold are NHL

masks:
Jari
Kurri
Kurri
Vanessa Kurri
Kurri
Kurri
Kurri
Kurri


texts:
 record(s) (tied with Reggie Leach)''

International

Achievements
NHL

SM-Liiga

International

See also
 50 goals in 50 games
 List of members of the Hockey Hall of Fame
 Hockey Hall of Fame
 List of NHL statistical leaders
 List of NHL players with 1000 points
 List of NHL players with 500 goals

References

External links
 }

1960 births
Living people
Colorado Avalanche players
Edmonton Oilers draft picks
Edmonton Oilers players
Finnish expatriate sportspeople in Canada
Finnish expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Finnish expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Finnish ice hockey right wingers
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey players at the 1980 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 1998 Winter Olympics
IIHF Hall of Fame inductees
International Olympic Committee members
Jokerit players
Lady Byng Memorial Trophy winners
Los Angeles Kings players
Medalists at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Mighty Ducks of Anaheim players
National Hockey League All-Stars
National Hockey League players with retired numbers
New York Rangers players
Olympic bronze medalists for Finland
Olympic ice hockey players of Finland
Olympic medalists in ice hockey
Serie A (ice hockey) players
Sportspeople from Helsinki
Stanley Cup


texts:
<mask> (March 4, 1929 – August 13, 2014) was a Mexican actress, singer, and painter. She is remembered particularly for her performance in the film Pueblerina (1949). Domínguez was romantically linked for several years with the film director Emilio Fernández. Biography

Early life
<mask> was born on March 4, 1929 in Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico. She moved to Mexico City with her family when she was very young. While attending a party with one of her sisters, she was discovered by the Mexican film director Emilio Fernández, who started her acting career with small roles in films such as La perla (1945) and Río Escondido (1947). Career
In 1948, Fernandez gave her the antagonistic role in the film Maclovia (1948), with María Félix.Her performance was praised by critics and, thanks to this film, Fernández entrusted with the leading role that would become her best film: Pueblerina (1948). Thanks to this movie <mask> rose to stardom rapidly and became known worldwide to be presented at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival. In that same year she participated in La Malquerida, with Dolores del Río and Pedro Armendáriz. Following the success of Pueblerina, <mask> was contracted in Italy to appear in the film L'Edera (1950). That same year, she filmed Un día de vida (1952), which went unnoticed in Mexico, but became a huge success in the former Yugoslavia. Encased in native roles, <mask> separates professionally from Fernandez in 1952, which allowed them to become one first figure and work under the orders of other filmmakers, such as Luis Buñuel (with whom she worked in El río y la muerte (1955)), Fernando Méndez (director of the cult film Ladrón de cadáveres (1957), considered one of the best Mexican horror  films) and Ismael Rodriguez (who took her to

masks:
Columba Domínguez Alarid
Columba Domínguez Alarid
Columba
Columba
Columba


texts:
 star in two masterpieces: Los Hermanos de Hierro (1961) and Ánimas Trujano (1962), with the Japanese actor Toshiro Mifune), among others. In 1962 she participated in El tejedor de milagros, a film that represented Latin America in the IX Berlin Film Festival.<mask> also made the first official nude in the Mexican Cinema in the film La virtud desnuda. (1956). In 1961, she recorded an LP record titled La voz dulce y mexicana de Columba Domínguez (The Sweet, Mexican Voice of Columba Domínguez) for the RCA Víctor label, with orchestral arrangements by Mario Ruiz Armengol and Chucho Ferrer. The album has ten tracks and was reissued in digital format by Sony Music in 2012. On television, Domínguez performed in telenovelas like La tormenta (1967) and El carruaje (1972). Her last television appearance was in Aprendiendo a amar (1979). After her retirement in 1987, <mask> devoted herself to dance, humanistic art, painting and piano.In 2008, after more than 20 years of retirement from cinema, the Mexican director Roberto Fiesco returned her to the screen in the short film Paloma. That same year, Dominguez was honored by the International Film Festival de la Frontera, in Ciudad Juarez, at which some of the most representative titles in which she performed were shown. In 2010, Domínguez made special appearances in the films La cebra and Borrar la memoria, and in 2012 she appeared in the film El último trago. In May 2013, <mask> <mask> was honored with the Golden Ariel Award for her contributions to the Mexican film industry. Personal life
In 1945, Domínguez was discovered by the famous Mexican film director Emilio Fernandez, who launched her career in film. She and Fernandez began a friendly relationship, which soon led to romance, and <mask> later claimed

masks: Columba Columba Columba Domínguez Columba


texts:
 that this resulted in their secret marriage. The couple had a daughter, Jacaranda, born in 1952.Personal differences, and infidelities by Fernández, prompted Domínguez to leave him in 1952, taking their daughter with her. A tragic event marred Domínguez' life when, in 1978, her daughter Jacaranda died after falling from the fourth floor of a building, in circumstances that were never clarified. Domínguez and Fernández resumed their relationship several times. She was with him in his last days, despite their having been apart many years, and she did not leave the hospital room until his body was removed. In March 1987 she wrote a book titled Emilio, the Indian that I love which was dedicated to her great love. After Fernández' death in 1986, a dispute over his will erupted, particularly concerning his stunning "fortress" home in the neighborhood of Coyoacan, in the south of Mexico City. Emilio died intestate, and his only surviving daughter, the writer Adela Fernandez y Fernandez, was automatically named the sole heir to the exclusion of Domínguez, who claimed property rights.According to Domínguez, Adela was not a biological daughter of Emilio, and he had never legally adopted her.<ref>{{YouTube|AEiFw-MuwfY|La historia detras del mito: Emilio "El Indio" Fernández}}</ref> These details, and the legal situation, were never clarified as Adela died in 2013. Her very Mexican beauty was portrayed in paintings by famous artists like Miguel Covarrubias, Jesús Guerrero Galván and Diego Rivera. Death
<mask> <mask> died on August 13, 2014 in the Hospital Ángeles Santelena in Mexico City, as a result of a heart attack, after being hospitalized for several days due to complications from pneumonia. She was entombed at the Mausoleos del Ángel Graveyard, in Mexico

masks: Columba Domínguez


texts: <mask> (27 September 1932  21 October 2012) was an Indian film director and film producer who worked in Hindi cinema. The founding chairman of the film production and distribution company Yash Raj Films, <mask> was the recipient of several awards, including 6 National Film Awards and 8 Filmfare Awards. He is considered among the best Indian filmmakers. For his contributions to film, the Government of India honoured him with the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2001, and the Padma Bhushan in 2005. British Academy of Film and Television Arts 2006 presented him with a lifetime membership, making him the first Indian to receive the honour. <mask> began his career as an assistant director to I. S. Johar and his elder brother, B.R<mask>.He made his directorial debut with Dhool Ka Phool in 1959, a melodrama about illegitimacy, and followed it with the social drama Dharmputra (1961). <mask> rose to prominence after directing the critically and commercially successful family drama Waqt (1965), which pioneered the concept of ensemble casts in Bollywood. In 1970, he founded his own production company, Yash Raj Films, whose first production was Daag: A Poem of Love (1973), a successful melodrama about polygamy. His success continued in the seventies, with some of Indian cinema's most successful and iconic films, including the action-thriller Deewaar (1975), which established Amitabh Bachchan as a leading actor in Bollywood; the ensemble romantic drama Kabhi Kabhie (1976) and the ensemble drama Trishul (1978). <mask> collaborated with Sridevi in two of what has been considered to be his finest films; the romantic musical Chandni (1989), which became instrumental in ending the era of violent films in Bollywood and returning to musicals, and the intergenerational musical romantic drama Lamhe (1991), considered by critics and <mask> himself to be his best work, but underperformed at the domestic box-office although brought profits overseas. After helming the critically panned

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Yash Raj Chopra
Chopra
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. Chopra
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 Parampara (1993), <mask> directed the musical psychological thriller Darr (1993), the first of his films to star Shahrukh Khan. <mask> directed three more romantic films, all starring Khan; Dil To Pagal Hai (1997), Veer-Zaara (2004) and Jab Tak Hai Jaan (2012), before announcing his retirement from direction in 2012.He died of dengue fever during Jab Tak Hai Jaans production in 2012. He was considered one of the best directors in Bollywood industry. Early life

<mask> was born on 27 September 1932 in Lahore, Punjab Province, British India (now in Punjab, Pakistan) into a Punjabi Hindu Khatri family. His father was an accountant in the PWD division of the British Punjab administration. He was the youngest of eight children, the oldest of whom was almost 30 years his senior. The eminent film-maker <mask> is one of his brothers. <mask> was largely brought up in the Lahore house of his second brother, Baldev <mask>, then a film journalist.<mask> lived in Jalandhar in 1945 to continue his education, where he studied at Doaba College and originally sought to pursue a career in engineering. He later moved to Ludhiana, East Punjab (in India) after the Partition of India. His passion for film-making led him to travel to Bombay, where he initially worked as an assistant director to I. S. Johar, and then for his director-producer brother, B. R<mask>. Career

Early career
<mask> received his first directorial opportunity in 1959 with the social drama Dhool Ka Phool, produced by his elder brother B.R<mask> and starring Mala Sinha, Rajendra Kumar and Leela Chitnis. The film revolved around a Muslim bringing up an "illegitimate" Hindu child. The film was well received by critics and became the fourth highest-grossing film of the year.Encouraged by their success, the <mask>s made another hard-hitting social drama, Dharmputra (1961). It was one of the first films to depict the Partition of India and Hindu fundamentalism. The film marked the debut of Shashi Kapoor in a fully

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BR Chopra
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 fledged role and was awarded with the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi. <mask>'s collaboration with his brother continued in the form of the 1965 film Waqt, which featured an ensemble cast including Sunil Dutt, Raaj Kumar, Shashi Kapoor, Sadhana, Balraj Sahni, Madan Puri, Sharmila Tagore, Achala Sachdev and Rehman. The film became a critical and commercial success. It is acknowledged as a "found film" of the "lost and found" genre. Setting many other trends, it was one of Indian cinema's first multi-starrers, a mode which became increasingly popular among the producers during the 1970s.It also began the now obligatory style of depicting wealth and social class. <mask> received his first Filmfare Award for Best Director for the film. In 1969, <mask> directed two movies produced by his brother. The first was Aadmi Aur Insaan, which featured Dharmendra and Saira Banu in the lead roles. He directed Ittefaq (1969), a suspense movie based on a Gujarati play, depicting the events of a single night, with Rajesh Khanna and Nanda in the lead roles. Shot in a month and on a low budget, the film was deemed unusual by critics. It was one of the first Hindi films which did not have any songs or an interval.It was eventually declared a semi-hit at the box-office and won <mask> his second Filmfare Award for Best Director. Formation of Yash Raj Films

In 1970, <mask> founded the independent Yash Raj Films, terminating his creative collaboration with his brother. His first independently produced film, Daag: A Poem of Love (1973), a melodrama about polygamy, starring Rajesh Khanna, Sharmila Tagore and Raakhee was a huge success and <mask> won his third Filmfare Award for Best Director for the film. He directed a number of classic cult films starring Amitabh Bachchan and scripted by Salim–Javed, notably Deewaar and Trishul, which were huge hits and remain popular even today. These films set the trend for the late-'70s and '80s, establishing Bachchan as the

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texts: "angry young man". <mask> won his fourth Filmfare Award for Best Director for Deewaar. <mask> produced, directed and scripted 2 more films starring Bachchan.Unlike his earlier action-oriented films, these 2 were musical romantic dramas: Kabhi Kabhie (1976), co-starring Raakhee, Shashi Kapoor, Waheeda Rehman, Rishi Kapoor and Neetu Singh, followed by Silsila (1981), co-starring Jaya Bachchan, Rekha and Sanjeev Kumar. <mask> <mask> suggested Javed Akhtar to become a lyricist, starting from this film. The '80s marked a professional setback in <mask>'s career, as several films he directed and produced in that period failed to leave a mark at the Indian box-office. His film Mashaal (1984) was his first collaboration with the legendary actor, Dilip Kumar. The action-oriented film, which was based on the well-known Marathi play titled Ashroonchi Zhali Phule, received critical acclaim, but fared only average at the box-office. A year later, he made Faasle. The romantic drama starring Sunil Dutt, Rekha, Rohan Kapoor and Farah was a critical and commercial disaster.He and critics consider it his worst film. Vijay (1988) was also a box-office failure. The film received mixed reviews from critics and was dubbed a remake of Trishul. <mask>'s lean phase ended in 1989 with the highly successful romantic musical Chandni, a film with all the hallmarks of what has come to be known as the "<mask> Chopra style": heroine-oriented, romantic, emotional, depicting the lifestyle of the elite, with melodic music used in songs picturized in foreign locations. It marked the first collaboration between <mask> and Sridevi. The huge success of its music was instrumental in ending the era of violence in Bollywood films and bringing back music into Hindi films. After a string of critically and commercially movies, the success of Chandni consolidated Sridevi's position as the top female Bollywood star of the era.Though it was not the first time <mask> shot a film in Switzerland, the extensive

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 scenes shot there made it a popular tourist destination for Indians. The film won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment for 1989. He followed it with Lamhe (1991), an intergenerational musical romantic drama starring frequent collaborators Sridevi and Anil Kapoor. The film received high critical acclaim, had exceptional music, and was one of the biggest Bollywood hits in the overseas market. However, it was a moderate box-office success in India due to its controversial storyline. The film won five Filmfare awards, including the Filmfare Award for Best Film. Over the years, Lamhe has been hailed as a cult classic; it is regarded as a modern masterpiece and possibly his finest film to date.It was featured in Outlook magazine's list of All-Time Great Indian films. It has been cited by <mask> as his personal favourite of his films. In 1992, <mask> directed Parampara. Despite an all-star cast of Ramya Krishnan, Aamir Khan, Raveena Tandon, Sunil Dutt, Anupam Kher, Vinod Khanna, Ashwini Bhave and Saif Ali Khan (In his film debut), the film was a commercial failure and was panned by critics for its weak storyline and music, although <mask>'s direction was commended. 1993–2012

In 1993, <mask> directed the newcomer Shahrukh Khan along with Juhi Chawla and Sunny Deol in the musical psychological thriller Darr. The movie was the story of an obsessed lover (Khan) and the lengths to which he goes to get the girl (Chawla) who is already happily engaged to another man (Deol). The film was a runaway success and is considered a cult classic today.Darr emerged as one of the highest grossing hindi movie of 1993. It also established Khan as a bankable star. 4 years later, <mask> then directed, produced and co-wrote the highly successful 1997 musical romantic drama Dil To Pagal Hai, starring yet again Shahrukh Khan in a love quadrangle with Madhuri Dixit, Karisma Kapoor and Akshay Kumar. It was the first Bollywood movie to be shot in

masks: Chopra Chopra Chopra Chopra Chopra


texts: Germany. The film became the highest grosser for the year. It won many awards, including 7 Filmfare Awards and 3 National Awards, including the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment. <mask> then took a sabbatical from directing and focused solely on producing films for over 7 years.In 2004, he returned to direction with the epic love saga Veer-Zaara. Starring Shahrukh Khan again, Preity Zinta and Rani Mukerji in the lead roles, the film was the biggest hit of 2004 in both India and overseas, with a worldwide gross of over 940 million and was screened at the Berlin Film Festival to critical appreciation. The film which narrated the love story of an Indian air-force officer Veer Pratap Singh (Khan) and a Pakistani woman, Zaara Hayaat Khan (Zinta) was highly appreciated by critics. Rama Sharma from The Tribune wrote: "Giving love its due, <mask> <mask> has understandably linked the script to the life of a common man. The pace is exacting. Drawing from the best of the two countries, the story is made more colorful by a spray of the Punjabi culture— be it celebrating Lohri in India or visiting a dargah in Pakistan. He has handled the script cleverly.Whenever the pace begins to slacken, he introduces a new character and a twist." In September 2012, in a special interview with actor Shahrukh Khan on the occasion of his eightieth birthday, <mask> announced that Jab Tak Hai Jaan (2012) would be his last directorial venture and that he would opt to focus on his production company and his personal life. For the shoot of the last remaining song in Jab Tak Hai Jaan, director <mask> <mask> wanted to shoot a scene of a sari-clad Katrina Kaif romancing Shahrukh Khan in the lush meadows of the Swiss Alps. But his illness, caused by a bout of dengue, stymied the plan for the song, which would have reflected his trademark directorial style. Yash Raj Films (YRF) is the most dominant production company in Hindi filmmaking. <mask> <mask> has

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 continuously featured in the top five hit Indian movies of the year since 2000. The Indian film director and producer used a range of directors.He repetitively used the star power of Bollywood's most popular actors, Amitabh Bachchan and Shahrukh Khan. Yash Raj Films is a highlight of India's post-colonial identity. It has grown to be the forefront of the global rise of Bollywood cinema. Yash Raj Films have expanded their company from locally based Hindi films to global achievements. They have managed to attract home based and diasporic Indians. Yash Raj Films have used a smart technique by incorporating foreign locations as a site which succeeded. Frequent collaborations

<mask> was known to often cast the same actors in his films, his most famous collaborations being with Amitabh Bachchan, Shashi Kapoor, Raakhee, Waheeda Rehman and more recently, Shahrukh Khan.Personal life

In 1970, <mask> married Pamela Singh and together they have two sons Aditya <mask> and Uday <mask>, born in 1971 and 1973, respectively. Aditya <mask> is also a film director and producer and holds the position of Chairman and Managing Director of Yash Raj Films, while Uday is an assistant director turned actor who made his acting debut in 2000 in his brother's directorial, Mohabbatein. He is currently the Director – Yash Raj Films, CEO – YRF Entertainment. Death

On 13 October 2012, <mask> was diagnosed with dengue fever and was admitted to Lilavati Hospital in Bandra, Mumbai. On 21 October, <mask> <mask> succumbed to death following multiple organ failure. He was 80 years of age. The Chautha ceremony for <mask> <mask> was held on 25 October 2012 at Yash Raj Films studio.<mask> <mask>'s final rites took place at Pawan Hans crematorium on 22 October 2012. Awards

Honours and recognitions
 2003-2012: Vice President of the Film Producers’ Guild of India for 10 years. 2005: Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian honours. 2006: Punjab Rattan, Punjab's highest civilian honour. 5

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 July 2008: France's Legion of Honour
 Handpicked by the British Film Institute for a book written by Rachel Dwyer in their "World Directors Series". This book showcases the glorious five-decade career of <mask> <mask>. 2009: Pusan International Film Festival – Asian Filmmaker of the Year
 Honoured along with the Egyptian comedian Adel Emam and the Oscar-winning actor Morgan Freeman as the Asian, Arab and Hollywood honorees in the Dubai International Film Festival "In the Spotlight", which honours the work of eminent actors, producers and directors from around the world for their distinguished service to the film industry.2010: Honoured by the Swiss Government for rediscovering Switzerland, and recently, he was presented a Special Award by Ursula Andress on behalf of the Swiss Government. The veteran Director was on the Advisory Board of the Information & Broadcasting Ministry of the Government of India. 1996: Founder Trustee of Film Industry Welfare Trust established. 1998 & 2001: Received BBC Asia Awards in both years – in 1998 and 2001 for his outstanding contribution to films. 2001: Dr. Dadabhai Naoroji Millennium Lifetime Achievement award. Certificate of Recognition from the British Tourist Authority and British Film Commission for promoting tourism in the UK through his films. Vocational Excellence Award by the Rotary Club
 Outstanding Achievement Awards by the apex bodies of Indian Industry – like the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII).Honoured by National Association of Software and Service Companies (NASSCOM) and All India Association of Industries (AIAI) for his outstanding achievements. He has also been awarded the Priyadarshini Award for his outstanding contribution to Indian cinema. 2001: Dadasaheb Phalke Award, the topmost and the highest honour given in the Indian film industry. He has been given the Maharashtra state government's Raj Kapoor and V. Shantaram’ Awards, in recognition of his impressive contributions to the Hindi film industry.

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 2006: Lifetime Achievement Award at the 4th Pune International Film Festival (P.I.F.F.) 2006: A lifetime membership to BAFTA for his contribution to the Indian film industry. He is the first Indian to be honoured at BAFTA in 59-year history of the academy.13 November 2007: <mask> was conferred the Zenith Asia Honour for his contribution to Indian cinema. 2008: FIAPF Award for Outstanding Achievement in Film at the Asia Pacific Screen Awards. 2010: National Kishore Kumar Award by the Government of Madhya Pradesh. 2010: Swiss Ambassador's Award for his contribution in promoting "Brand Switzerland" through his movies. 2009: <mask> <mask> received the Lifetime Achievement Award at Satya Brahma-founded India Leadership Conclave, moderated by NDTV. October 2010: <mask> was given the Outstanding Achievement in Cinema award at The Asian Awards. 2011: <mask> Chopra Memorial Award ceremonies were instituted by the TSR Foundation of T. Subbarami Reddy, which carries Rs 10.00 lakhs cash and citation. These awards ceremonies started in 2013, on the eve of <mask>'s death and are dedicated to his memory. The ceremonies are held annually in Mumbai, and feature awards to people in recognition of their outstanding contribution in the field of art and culture. References

Further reading

External links

 Biography of <mask> <mask> in Yash Raj Film's official website

1932 births
2012 deaths
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts
Dadasaheb Phalke Award recipients
Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award winners
Recipients of the Legion of Honour
Film directors from Lahore
Film directors from Mumbai
Film producers from Mumbai
Hindi film producers
Hindi-language film directors
People from Jalandhar
Punjabi people
Yash Raj Films people
Deaths from dengue fever
20th-century Indian film directors
Producers who won the Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment National Film Award
Directors who won the Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment National Film

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<mask> (born October 27, 1987) is an American former professional boxer who competed from 2008 to 2021. He is a two-time former welterweight world champion, having held the IBF title from 2013 to 2014 and the WBC title from 2018 to 2019. As of August 2021, he is ranked as the world's third best active welterweight by BoxRec and fourth by the Transnational Boxing Rankings Board and The Ring magazine. He is particularly known for his aggressive pressure fighting style, physical strength and high workrate. Amateur boxing career
As an amateur, <mask> competed mostly as a middleweight and compiled an astounding amateur record of 276–14. In 2007 he won the United States Golden Gloves Championship, but at the PanAm Games <mask> was knocked out in the second round by Cuban Emilio Correa. Though he boasts amateur victories over current pro prospects Daniel Jacobs, Demetrius Andrade, Edwin Rodriguez, <mask>, Jonathan Nelson, and Oleksandr Usyk he came up just short in qualifying for the 2008 U.S. Olympics team.<mask> is a graduate of Stow-Munroe Falls High School. There he earned all conference in football his junior and senior year. Professional boxing career
<mask> was trained and managed by his father <mask>, located in Las Vegas, Nevada. Middleweight
<mask> began his pro career at 165½lbs on October 3, 2008 at the Wicomico Civic Center in Salisbury, Maryland, USA. His opponent was Norman Johnson. <mask> won the fight via first-round TKO. In his 5th professional fight, <mask> faced off against 31 year old Cory Jones (4–3, 1 KO) on February 6, 2009.<mask> won the fight

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 after 4 rounds via unanimous decision (40–33, 40–33, 39–35). Jones was knocked down twice in round 1. On April 3, 2009, <mask> defeated Eloy Suarez (10–4, 5 KOs) via 1st-round TKO. <mask> backed Suarez in a corner, landed several right hand power punches and sent him to the canvas. Suarez beat the count, but was out on his feet. The referee waved a halt at 2:59 of round 1. Light middleweight
In August 2009, <mask> moved down to 154lbs, defeating Lamar Harris at the Fitzgerald's Casino & Hotel in Tunica, Mississippi.In December 2009, <mask> took on undefeated 27 year old Jamar Patterson (8–0, 4 KOs) at the Grand Casino in Hinckley, Minnesota in a scheduled 8 round fight. <mask> won the fight after the referee waved off the fight in round 4 after <mask> knocked down Patterson. <mask> won his first Championship belt, the Interim WBO NABO Light Middleweight title against Russell Jordan (15–6, 10 KOs) on ESPN's Friday Night Fights on February 19, 2010. Jordan was deducted a point in 9th round after losing mouthpiece twice as the bout went full 10 rounds. The scorecards read 97–92, 97–92, 100–89. On April 16, 2010 he knocked out veteran Raul Pinzon (17–4, 16 KOs) in just one round. In July, <mask> beat 24 year old Ray Robinson (11–1, 4 KOs) via unanimous decision (99–89, 97–92, 98–91) at DeSoto Civic Center in Southaven, Mississippi.Welterweight
On October 15, 2010, <mask> moved down to 147lbs. His first opponent was American Hector Munoz (18–3–4, 11 KOs) at the Buffalo Run Casino in Miami, Oklahoma. It was for the NABF welterweight title, left vacant by Saul

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 Alvarez. Munoz was cut on the right side of his head by a barrage of punches in round 5. During round 9, <mask>'s promoter, Gary Shaw, ran over to Munoz's corner pleading for them to stop the fight which they finally agreed and threw in the towel at 2:05 of round 9. On February 18, 2011, <mask> successfully defended his title against Anges Adjaho (25–4, 14 KOs) via 10 round unanimous decision (99–91, 99–91, 97–93). The fight was on the undercard of Fernando Guerrero vs. Derrick Findley and was part of the first-ever televised live boxing card in 3D.At 144 lbs, <mask> was fighting at the lightest weight of his professional career to date. Adjaho entered having lost four of his previous six bouts and having not won in just over two years. In April 2012, after over a year out, <mask> stopped veteran journeyman Patrick Thompson in round 6. <mask> claimed the vacant WBO NABO welterweight title by defeating Alfonso Gómez (23–5–2, 12 KOs) on July 28 at the HP Pavilion in San Jose, California. This was the first fight for Gómez since suffering a sixth-round knockout loss to Saul Alvarez (37–0–1) ten months prior. <mask> overcame a cut above his right eye in the opening round and a nasty gash in the tenth that spanned his left eyebrow to remain unbeaten. The judges scored the bout 98–92, 96–94, 97–93.<mask> vs. Díaz I, II
On December 15, <mask> fought on the undercard of Khan-Molina at the Sports Arena in Los Angeles against veteran Mexican former world champion Julio Díaz (40–7, 29 KOs). The fight ended in a split decision draw after 10 rounds 96–94, 95–95, 94–96.

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 <mask> started the fight well winning the opening few rounds. It appeared as though Díaz was taking the opening rounds to adjust to <mask>'s style as he started to attack following the fourth round with body shots, which landed accurately. On May 18, 2013, <mask> fought undefeated Canadian Phil Lo Greco (25–0, 14 KOs) at the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City. <mask> won the fight after 10 rounds winning a unanimous decision 99–89, 100–88, 100–88. On August 18, 2013, it was announced that <mask> would be part of a triple header on Fox Sports 2 on September 12, headlining against Julio Díaz (40–8–1, 29 KOs) in a rematch.<mask> improved his record to 22–0–1 after defeating Díaz by decision, retaining the NABO title and winning the vacant IBF North American title as a result. At the end of 10 rounds, the judges scored it (97–93, 98–92, 97–93). Although it was still a tough fight, <mask> put the work in and beat Díaz convincingly. IBF welterweight champion

<mask> vs. Alexander
In October 2013, it was announced that <mask> would challenge IBF Welterweight Champion Devon Alexander (25–1, 14 KOs) on November 30 at the Freeman Coliseum in San Antonio. Alexander was thought to be making his second title defense against England's Amir Khan but Instead had to settle for facing <mask> in a much lower-profile bout. Alexander and <mask> had met in the amateurs in the late 1990s, with Alexander winning a 3-round decision. The fight took place on December 7 at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn.<mask> controlled most of the fight, beating Alexander via a unanimous decision to win

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 the welterweight world title. The judges scored the bout 116–112, 116–112 and 115–113. ESPN.com also had <mask> winning 117–111. <mask> was delighted to capture his first world title, "We worked hard and it came through in the ring. We made it look easy tonight. This is a blessing. We wanted to come out here and establish that I was the better fighter and we made that happen."In the fight, <mask> suffered a damaged right eye due to accidental clash of heads. <mask> vs. Malignaggi
Golden Boy announced on March 12, 2014, <mask> would defend his newly won world title on April 19, against former world welterweight champion Paulie Malignaggi (33–5, 7 KOs) on the undercard of Bernard Hopkins vs. Beibut Shumenov at the DC Armory in Washington. <mask> entered as the # 6 welterweight contender in the world according to The Ring Magazine. Malignaggi was ranked as the # 8 contender. <mask> won via 4th-round TKO. A double jab opened a cut under the left eye of Malignaggi in round one. <mask> had a huge second round, badly rocking Malignaggi multiple times.In round four, <mask> hurt Malignaggi with a lunging left hook moments later and a barrage, which included a couple of clean right hands which sent Malignaggi down and under the bottom rope. The referee waved an end to the bout without beginning a count. In the post fight, <mask> said, "The objective was to use the jab and get to the body, and it all worked. The first knockdown, he knew that right hand was going to come all night. [In the fourth round], it was a big right hand. He knew it would land all night. We kept

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 throwing it."Malignaggi was humble in defeat, "He has potential to be great, and I told him to go be great I'm not sure what I'm going to do. I don't want to lose to an average champion. I want to lose to a great champion. If this is my last fight, I hope I lost to a great champion." <mask> vs. Brook

<mask> was ordered by the IBF to make his next mandatory defense against Kell Brook (32–0, 22 KOs). The fight took place on August 16, 2014 at the StubHub Center in Carson, California. Brook defeated <mask> for the title via 12 round majority decision.Two American judges scored it (117–111 and 116–112) for Brook while the English judge scored it (114–114). Brook landed 158 of his 441 punches (36%), mostly jabs. <mask> threw 308 more power punches, in total landing 156 of 626 thrown (25%). <mask> felt as though he won the fight, "I thought that I was effective with my attack, but he was ready. I'm not giving any excuses. I want the rematch. I'll find him where he's at, and I'll take it from him."This was a Showtime debut for <mask>. The fight did not generate as many viewers as expected, an average of 661,000 viewers. The whole card averaged just 514,000 viewers. Rebuild after first loss

<mask> vs. Bone
On March 13, 2015 <mask> was scheduled to make his debut as a part of the Premier Boxing Champions series on Spike TV against veteran Roberto García. The fight took place in Ontario, California, at the Citizens Business Bank Arena. Garcia was hospitalized with an undisclosed illness prior to the weigh-in and was forced to withdraw.However, things came together


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 and Erick Bone (16–1, 8 KOs) stepped in to face <mask> on short notice at a contractually agreed-upon weight of 149lbs. <mask> got off to a slow start to feel what Boné would offer. Boné was able to counter due to <mask>s reckless boxing. <mask> then began to aim for the midsection, landing power shots, eventually dropping Boné in round 5. Boné got up but <mask> went on the attack again dropping Boné once again. Clearly hurt, referee Jack Reiss made the 10 count. <mask> admitted he had worked on the body shots in training, "I felt the body punches going in, I knew he was getting hurt.I knew it was gonna get him out. We focused on that in the gym." <mask> vs. Broner
On May 16, 2015, TGB Promotions and Mayweather Promotions announced that <mask> would fight fellow Ohio boxer Adrien Broner (30–1, 22 KOs) on June 20 at the MGM Grand Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas on Premier Boxing Champions on NBC at a catchweight of 144lbs as per Broner's demand. Going into the fight, Broner was 4–0 at the arena. There was controversary around the catchweight. Leading up the fight the Welterweight champ <mask> also criticized, that Broner had a 157lbs limit clause in the contract, which stopped <mask> from rehydrating to his normal weight on fight day. <mask> was quoted as saying,“You want to move up into my weight, then move up!Don’t be scared. Don’t be worried. Don’t be afraid. Put your skill on the line along with your record. Put it all on the line at 147. Don’t put it at 144, then not want to talk about it.” The remarks came as Broner had repeatedly refused to comment on

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 the catchweight situation, which many believed would put Broner in a negative light. <mask> dominated majority of the fight to win a unanimous decision over Broner.Broner was warned many times for holding during the bout and was deducted a point in round 11. Broner opened the 12th round with a clean left hand that connected and dropped <mask> for the first time in his career. <mask> recovered from the knockdown and improved his record to 26–1–1 despite the usual pre-fight trash talk by Broner. The 3 judges scored the bout 114–112, 118–108, 115–111. The fight drew close to 2.4 million viewers. Broner had a purse of $1.35 million compared to <mask>'s $1 million. <mask> vs. Thurman
It was announced on February 17, that WBA welterweight champion Keith Thurman (26–0 (1), 22 KOs) would put his title on the line against <mask> on March 12, 2016 at the Mohegan Sun Casino in Uncasville, Connecticut.On February 23, Thurman's promoter said he had been forced to postpone his upcoming fight with <mask> after being injured in a car accident. Lou DiBella had insisted the injury is not serious or career threatening, but admits the American is lucky to have escaped major injury. Thurman had not been cleared to resume training by his doctors and is expected to be on the sidelines for between four and six weeks. <mask> announced that his rescheduled world title clash against Thurman will take place on June 25 at the Barclays Center. The World Boxing Association has ordered the winner of the Thurman and <mask> to face interim WBA Welterweight champion David Avanesyan (22–1–1, 11


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 KOs), who beat #3 WBA Shane Mosley (49–10–1, 41 KOs) on May 28. In an old-fashioned fight of the year candidate, <mask> was unsuccessful in winning the title as Thurman won by unanimous decision, before a crowd of 12,718, when all three judges scored an identical 115–113 in favor of Thurman. <mask> earned a $1m purse.This was the first main event televised by CBS in prime time since February 15, 1978, when Muhammad Ali lost a 15-round split decision and the heavyweight title to Leon Spinks in a massive upset. Thurman landed 235 of 539 punches (44 percent) and <mask> landed 236 of 662 (36 percent). After the fight, there were immediate talks of a rematch. The fight averaged 3.1 million viewers, according to ESPN. The card itself averaged 2.4 million viewers. The live gate was over $1.1 million in ticket sales, the highest gate in the history of Barclays Center to date, it was also the second highest attendance in the history of Barclays Center, with over 12,000 paying customers in attendance. Premier Boxing Champions voted the bout as their 'Fight of the Year'.<mask> vs. Berto
On February 13, 2017, it was announced that a deal was close to being made between <mask> and former Welterweight world champion Andre Berto (31–4, 24 KOs). On March 5, it was officially confirmed the fight would take place on April 22, 2017 at the Barclays Center in New York City with CBS confirming Showtime would televise the bout. Halfway through the press conference, promoter Lou DiBella confessed that he received a phone call from WBC president Mauricio Sulaiman and he reported the

masks: Porter Porter Porter Porter Porter


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 fight would be a final eliminator. On March 4, Keith Thurman defeated Danny Garcia to become the new WBA and WBC unified Welterweight champion. In front of 9,118, <mask> earned another world title fight against Thurman after he stopped Berto inside the distance. <mask> used power shots to the body of Berto to wear him down over the rounds. Berto was dropped in round 2, the same round <mask> suffered a bad cut from clash of heads.After round 4, <mask> was cut above both eyes and Berto was cut above the left eye, all due to clash of heads. <mask> dropped Berto once again in round 9, forcing the stoppage. At the time of stoppage, <mask> was ahead on all scorecards, 79–72 and 78–74 (twice). <mask> was the busier fighter, landing 175 of 448 (39%) punches thrown, whilst Berto landed 81 of 254 thrown (32%). Many experts called the fight dirty due to constant clash of heads and blood pouring from both fighters. <mask> said, "My intention is never to use my head as a weapon. This was a just very hard-fought battle by both of us and I'm blessed to get the victory."<mask> earned $1 million whilst Berto got the higher amount of $1.2 million for the fight. The fight averaged 468,000 viewers on Showtime. <mask> vs. Granados
Due to Keith Thurman being sidelined for the remainder of 2017, on July 17 the WBC president Mauricio Sulaiman told ESPN Deportes, that he would likely order a fight between the #1 <mask> and #2 Danny Garcia (33–1, 19 KOs) for the Interim WBC title. He also went on to state, if <mask> or García declined to take part in the interim title fight, he would


texts: move on to the next highest available ranked fighter. At that time, Manny Pacquiao was #3, Jessie Vargas was #4 and Konstantin Ponomarev was ranked #5 by the WBC. A day later, <mask> added fuel to the speculation when he called out García in a WWE-esque promo on social media, "I just heard that the WBC will ask Showtime <mask> to fight another title eliminator. And they want me to fight none other than the cherry picker himself - Danny Garcia.What I say to you Danny Garcia - let's get it on," <mask> claimed the ball was now in García's court. On July 30, Ringtv announced that <mask> would fight on the undercard of the Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Conor McGregor undercard at the T-Mobile Arena in Las Vegas, however won't be part of the Showtime PPV card. Instead his fight against 27 year old former light welterweight contender Thomas Dulorme (24–2, 16 KOs), who last fought in a stoppage loss to Terence Crawford in April 2015, would headline the preliminary card on Fox. <mask> pulled out of his fight with Dulorme on August 17, 9 days before the fight, due to a death in his family. Mayweather Promotions released a statement confirming 2008 Olympic bronze medalist Yordenis Ugás (19–3, 9 KOs) would take his place in fighting Dulorme. On August 2, 2017, the WBC president confirmed that he still had the intention of ordering the fight between <mask> and García for the interim title. On September 28, ESPN reported that <mask> would fight again before the end of the year on the Wilder vs. Stiverne undercard on November 4 at the Barclays Center in New York City against 28

masks:
Porter
Shawn Porter
Porter
Porter
Porter
Porter
Porter


texts: year old Adrían Granados (18–5–2, 12 KOs) in a 10-round bout.<mask> praised Granados ahead of the fight, "Against Granados I'm getting into the ring with someone who is very established as an amateur and a professional, has great skills and isn't going to go in there and lay down. That's always going to bring out the best in me." Before a crowd of 10,924, <mask> fought hard to earn a 12-round unanimous decision over Granados to claim the vacant WBC Silver welterweight title. All three judges' scored the fight The judges scored the fight 117–111 in favour of <mask>. <mask> worked hard and did enough to claim the 10 rounds. Throughout the rounds, although Granados was also effective, <mask> switched tactics, notably working on the inside and land some clean shots. <mask> faded in the 11th and 12th rounds, and resorted to using movement to preserve his win.Granados had enough energy to withstand any punishment inflicted by <mask>. The crowd began to jeer in the final round, usually the more excited rounds, as <mask> moved and clinched, rather than thrown punches. At one point in the final round, <mask> grabbed gold of Granados to avoid being hit. Granados looked at the crowd and shouted, “He won’t let go of me.” CompuBox Stats showed that <mask> was the busier and more accurate boxer, landing 209 of 583 punches thrown (36%), while Granandos landed 166 of 680 thrown (24%). <mask> explained the reason he slowed down towards the championship rounds saying, "I hurt my left hand in the sixth round, but I kept using it,. I had to use my jab. It took a toll on me, and


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 by the 10th round I just couldn't throw it anymore."For the win, <mask> earned $500,000, while Granados took home a $200,000 purse. Granados thought he won the fight. The fight, which took place on a Showtime averaged 646,000 viewers and peaked at 696,000 viewers. WBC welterweight champion

<mask> vs. García
Father and trainer, Ken stated that <mask>'s next fight would be against WBA and WBC champion Keith Thurman. On April 24, 2018, Thurman vacated his WBC title, forcing the organisation to mandate <mask> vs. Danny Garcia for the vacant title. On May 9, the WBC ordered purse bids to take place on May 25 if no agreement had been made, although the WBC president Mauricio Sulaiman confirmed talks were going well and a deal could be finalized before the bids. On the morning of May 25, Tom Brown informed the WBC a deal was in place for the bout to take place, thus the purse bids were cancelled.Brown stated the fight would take place at the Barclays Center in either August or September 2018. On July 24, the long-awaited announcement was finally made confirming the bout to take place at the Barclays Center on September 8, 2018. Before a crowd of 13,058 in attendance, <mask> became a two-time world champion after defeating García via unanimous decision. The official scores were 116–112, 115–113, 115–113 in <mask>'s favour. <mask> started off slowly in the first four rounds but then came on in the second half and took over, dominating the remainder of the bout. Both boxers boxed in the first quarter of the fight. <mask> had little success in doing this.He then made


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 adjustments and began fighting more on the inside and connecting with body shots. One of <mask>'s main attributes was the way he doubled his jab. It appeared García slowed down in the second half of the fight. This was likely due to the body attack from <mask>. García believed he won the fight, but did not complain about the result. IBF champion Errol Spence Jr. entered the ring during <mask>'s post-fight interview with <mask> stating a fight between the pair would be the 'easiest to make' in boxing. CompuBox stats showed that <mask> landed 180 of 742 punches thrown (24%) and García landed with 168 of his 472 thrown (36%).For the fight, <mask> earned $1 million and García made $1.2 million. The fight averaged 619,000 viewers and peaked at 690,000 viewers. <mask> vs. Ugás
On November 13, 2018, it was announced that <mask> would make his first defence of his WBC title on March 9, 2019 against 32 year old Cuban contender and Mandatory challender Yordenis Ugás (23-3, 11 KOs). Ugas was ranked #6 by the WBC at the time. Premier Boxing Champions and FOX were due to confirm the announcements, as part of their new partnership via a huge press conference in Los Angeles. Ugás became the mandatory challenger after defeating Argentine boxer Cesar Barrionuevo via a 12 round unanimous decision in what was a final eliminator on the <mask> vs. García undercard. Prior to the fight being made, <mask> wanted a unification bout against Spence.He stated that 'mandatory obligations' came in the way of that bout happening next. The fight was set to take place at the T-Mobile Arena


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 in Paradise, Nevada. <mask> vs. Spence Jr.

<mask> fought Errol Spence Jr. on September 28, 2019 with <mask>'s WBC and Spence's IBF welterweight titles on the line. In a high-octane fight in which both men fought in the pocket, <mask> started fast, sometimes overwhelming Spence Jr. in the early rounds. Spence Jr., however, began attacking <mask>'s body and was able to slowly gain a slight edge on the judges' scorecards. With the fight still close, Spence Jr. landed a short left hook to <mask>'s chin in round eleven, causing <mask>'s glove to touch the canvas and scoring the only knockdown of the fight. <mask> remained on his feet and received an eight-count by referee Jack Reiss before resuming the contest, finishing the round, and engaging in an action-packed twelfth and final round.<mask> lost by split decision with the judges scoring the bout 116–111, 116–111, 112–115. It was arguably a fight of the year candidate. Later career

<mask> vs. Formella
On August 22, 2020, <mask> made his first appearance back in the ring since losing his WBC title in a bout against undefeated former IBO welterweight champion Sebastian Formella. Formella was ranked #8 by the IBF and #14 by the WBC. <mask> dominated the fight, winning every round on all three judges' scorecards, with final scores of 120–108 across the board for a unanimous decision victory. <mask> vs. Crawford

On July 31, 2021, the WBO ordered their welterweight champion Terence Crawford to defend his title against <mask>, the #2 ranked WBO welterweight contender. As the two sides were unable to negotiate the

masks: Porter Porter Porter Porter Porter Porter Porter Porter Porter Porter Porter Porter Porter Porter


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 terms of the fight, the WBO set a purse bid for September 2, 2021, which was later postponed until September 14.Crawford and <mask> would adhere to a 60-40 purse split, rather than the usual 80-20 split for mandated matches, taking into account the earnings from their three previous fights. On September 14, 2021, it was announced that a deal had been agreed to stage the fight on November 20 at Michelob Ultra Arena in Las Vegas, airing on ESPN+ PPV. <mask> lost the bout via tenth-round technical knockout after being knocked down twice in the tenth round, prompting his corner to pull him from the fight. Retirement
At the post fight press conference after the Crawford fight <mask> announced his retirement from boxing, stating, "I was prepared to announce my retirement tonight, win, lose or draw. Even if it was a draw. I was not going to do it again. I'm announcing my retirement right now".Broadcasting career
While still fighting at the top level in the welterweight division, <mask> became a rising star in the boxing commentary field. He was a primary commentator for NBC's Ring City USA, plus the 2020 Summer Olympics boxing coverage. He's also worked on the broadcast team for Premier Boxing Champions' bouts on Fox, Fox Sports 1, and Fox Sports 2 and Triller Fite Club. In 2020, <mask> launched The Porter Way Podcast, a weekly podcast he hosts with two co-hosts that focuses on boxing and the world of sports. Professional boxing record

Pay-per-view bouts

References

External links

<mask> profile at Premier Boxing Champions
 Twitter
<mask> - Profile, News Archive

masks:
Porter
Porter
Porter
Porter
Porter
Shawn Porter
Shawn Porter


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 & Current Rankings at Box.Live

African-American boxers
Boxers from Ohio
Sportspeople from Akron, Ohio
Light-middleweight boxers
1987 births
Living people
American male boxers
World welterweight boxing champions
International Boxing Federation champions
Middleweight boxers
National Golden Gloves champions
World Boxing Council champions
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American


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<mask> of Joseon (31 October 1694 – 22 April 1776, reigned 16 October 1724 – 22 April 1776) was the 21st king of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. He was the second son of King Sukjong. His mother was Royal Noble Consort Suk of the Choe clan. Before ascending to power, he held the title of Prince Yeoning. In 1720, a few months after the accession of his older brother, King Gyeongjong as the 20th King, Yeoning became the Crown Prince (wangseje, 왕세제). This induced a large controversy between political factions. Nevertheless, four years later, at the death of Gyeongjong, <mask> ascended the throne.<mask>'s reign lasted nearly 52 years and was marked by his persistent efforts to reform the taxation system of Joseon, rule by Confucian ethics, minimize and reconcile the factional fighting under his "Magnificent Harmony" Policy (Tangpyeong, 蕩平, 탕평). His reign was also marked by the highly controversial execution of his son, Prince Sado, in 1762. In spite of the controversy, <mask>'s reign has earned a positive reputation in Korean history due to his sincere efforts to rule by Confucian virtue. Biography

Succession to the throne
In 1720, his father King Sukjong died and Crown Prince Yi Yun, Sukjong's eldest son, ascended to the throne as King Gyeongjong, at the age of 33. When Sukjong died in 1720, he supposedly told Yi I-myeong to name Yeoning-gun as Gyeongjong's heir, but in the absence of a historiographer or scribe, there was no record. During his time there was infighting and resentment for his low-born origins. The Noron faction (노론, 老論) of the bureaucracy pressured

masks: Yeongjo Yeongjo Yeongjo Yeongjo


texts: King Gyeongjong to step down in favor of his half-brother Prince Yeoning (the future King <mask>).In 1720, two months after the King's enthronement, Prince Yeoning was installed as Royal Prince Successor Brother (wangseje, 왕세제, 王世弟). This aggravated the power struggle and led to a great massacre, namely the Shinim literati purges (신임사화, 辛壬士禍). The Norons sent messages to the king to no effect while the opposing Soron faction (소론, 少論) used this to their advantage – claiming the Noron were trying to usurp power and subsequently getting their rival faction removed from several offices. Members of the Soron faction then came up with an idea to assassinate the heir (Yeoning-gun) under the pretence of hunting for a white fox said to be haunting the palace, but Yeoning-gun sought shelter with his stepmother, Queen Dowager Inwon, who protected him and he was able to stay alive. Afterwards, he told his half-brother the king that he rather would go and live as a commoner. On 11 October 1724, King Gyeongjong died. Soron accused Prince Yeoning of having something to do with his brother's death due to the earlier attempt by the Noron faction to have him replace Gyeongjong on the throne.Many historians, however, now believe that he could have died of eating contaminated seafood, as he displayed symptoms of the illness before his death. Homer Hulbert described this in his book The History of Korea, where he said, "But we may well doubt the truth of the rumor, for nothing that is told of that brother indicates that he would commit such an act, and in the second place a man


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 who will eat shrimps in mid-summer, that have been brought 30 miles from the sea without ice might expect to die". On 16 October 1724, Prince Yeoning ascended the throne as King <mask>, the 21st ruler of Joseon. Reign
King <mask> was a deeply Confucian monarch, and is said to have had a greater knowledge of the classics than his officials. During the reign of <mask> and his grandson Jeongjo, Confucianization was at its height, as well as the economic recovery from the wars of the late 16th and early 17th centuries. His rulership has been called one of the most brilliant reigns of all the Joseon Dynasty. <mask> worried deeply for his people.Annals of the Joseon Dynasty record that one day in the 4th year of his reign, King <mask> woke up to the sound of early morning rain and said to his courtiers,

Oh dear! We have had flood, drought and famines for the past four years because of my lack of virtue, and this year we even went through an unprecedented revolt by a traitor named Yi In-jwa. How can my poor people manage their livelihood under such hardship? There is an old saying, 'War is always followed by a lean year.' Fortunately, however, we haven’t had a big famine for the past two years and we pin our hopes on a good harvest this year. Yet I am still nervous because, while the season for harvesting is around the corner, there is no way of knowing if there will be a flood or drought before then. Nobody knows whether a cold rain will pour suddenly and flood the fields awaiting harvest.My lack of goodness might bring upon us such awful things as I fail to win

masks: Yeongjo Yeongjo Yeongjo Yeongjo Yeongjo


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 the sympathy of heaven. How can I earn the sympathy of heavens if I do not self-reflect and make efforts myself? I should start with reflecting on myself. <mask> worried that rain would ruin the harvest forcing his unfortunate people to starve. The King ordered his courtiers to reduce taxes on the people and decrease the number of dishes in his own meals. Reducing the range of foods he ate was a decision made out of concern for his starving people. One early morning 25 years later circa 1753, the continuous rain reminded <mask> of the flood during the 4th year of his reign, when he had eaten less food: "Oh!Floods and droughts really happen because I lack virtue. I am much older than that year, but how can my compassion for the people and will to work hard for them be less than back then?". Yet again, <mask> ordered a reduction in the number of dishes on his dining table. People around him described him as an articulate, bright, benevolent and kind King. He was penetrating in observation and quick of comprehension. Policies
<mask> realising the detrimental effect on state administration of factional strife during the latter half of the 17th century, attempted to end factional strife as soon as he ascended the throne. <mask> reinstated the short-lived universal military service tax, then he even went beyond the palace gate and solicited the opinion of officials, literati (scholars), soldiers and peasants.<mask> reduced the military service tax by half and ordered the variance be supplemented by taxes on fisheries, salt, vessels and an additional land tax.

masks: Yeongjo Yeongjo Yeongjo Yeongjo Yeongjo Yeongjo


texts: <mask> also regularized the financial system of state revenues and expenses by adopting an accounting system. His realistic policies allowed payment of taxes on grain from the remote mountainous areas Gyeongsang do province, to the nearby port, with payment in cotton or cash for grain. The circulation of currency was encouraged by increasing coin casting. <mask>'s concern for improvement of the peasant's life was manifest in his eagerness to educate the people by distributing important books in the Korean script (Hangul), including the Book of Agriculture. The pluviometre was again manufactured in quantity and distributed to local administration offices and extensive public work projects were undertaken. Yeongjo upgraded the status of posterity of the commoners, opening another possibility for upward social mobility and inevitable change.Yeongjo policies were intended to reassert the Confucian monarchy and a humanistic rule, but they couldn't stem the tide of social change that resulted. Mercantile activities rapidly increased in volume. The accumulation of capital through monopoly and wholesales expanded through guild organisations and many merchants were centred in Hanyang. The traditional division of government chartered shop, the license tribute goods suppliers and the small shopkeepers in the alley and streets were integrated and woven into a monopoly and wholesale system. Regardless of status, many yangban class aristocrats and commoners engaged in some kind of merchant activities. Thus Hanyang made great strides as a commercial and industrial city in

masks: Yeongjo Yeongjo


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 the 18th century. The popular demand for handicrafts and goods such as knives, horse hair hats, dining table and brassware was ever-increasing.Restrictions on wearing the horse hair hat originally denoting a Yangban class status, virtually disappeared

Even bootlegging of books became commercialised as competition developed among the well-to-do Yanban engaged in publication of collected literary works of their renowned ancestors. This also led to printing popular fiction and poetry. The people especially appreciated satire and social criticism. One example is the Chunhyangjeon (Tales of Chunghyang) about the fidelity of the Gisaeng's (entertainer's) daughter was widely read as a satire aimed to expose the greed and snobbery of government officials. Anti-corruption
The King is also renowned for having treasured Park Mun-su, who he appointed as Amhaeng-eosa (암행어사), a secret government inspector for the King. Park, who had earned great merit in putting down Yi In-jwa's rebellion in 1728, went around the nation arresting corrupt local officers in the name of the King. Controversy
The only significantly dismal incident during <mask>'s reign was the death of his son, Crown Prince Sado.History indicates Sado suffered from mental illness; randomly killing people in the palace and raping palace maids. By court rules King <mask> could not kill his son by his own hands, so Sado was ordered to climb into a large wooden rice chest on a hot July day in 1762. After eight days, Sado died. During the 19th century, there were rumors that Prince Sado had not been mentally


texts:
 ill, but had been victimised by a court plot; however, this is contradicted by both the memoirs written by Sado's widow and Annals of the Joseon Dynasty. As a means to preserve the legitimacy of Sado's son as his own heir, <mask> decreed that the boy be registered as the son of the deceased Crown Prince Hyojang and Princess Consort Hyosun. Catholicism
<mask> was the first to take action against Roman Catholic activities in the country. By the 18th century, Catholicism was beginning to acquire a following especially in the Gangwon and Hwanghae provinces.In 1758, <mask> officially outlawed Catholicism as an evil practice. Death
Fourteen years after Crown Prince Sado's death, Sado's son, <mask>'s grandson Jeongjo, became king. The early part of the new King's years were marked by political intrigues and fear of court officials who were afraid that Jeongjo would seek revenge on them for petitioning the punishment that caused the death of his father, Crown Prince Sado. <mask> was buried in the dynastic tombs at Donggureung. <mask> is buried with his first and second wives in the royal tomb of Wonneung (원릉, 元陵) in the city of Guri. Queen Jeongsun of the Gyeongju Kim clan (2 December 1745 – 11 February 1805) (정순왕후 김씨) – No issue. Portrayed by Park Geun-hyung in the 1998 MBC TV series The King's Road.Portrayed by Choi Bool-am in the 1998 MBC TV series Hong Guk Young. Portrayed by Jo Min-ki in the 2002 MBC TV series Inspector Park Moon So. Portrayed by Lee Tae-ri in the 2002 KBS TV series Jang Hee Bin. Portrayed by Kim Sung-gyum in the 2007 CGV TV series Eight Days,


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 Assassination Attempts against King Jeongjo. Portrayed by Lee Soon-jae in the 2007 MBC TV series Lee San, Wind of the Palace. Portrayed by Lee Hyung-suk and Lee Seon-ho in the 2010 MBC TV series Dong Yi. Portrayed by Jeon Gook-hwan in the 2011 SBS TV series Warrior Baek Dong-soo.Portrayed by Han Suk-kyu in the 2014 SBS TV series Secret Door. Portrayed by Song Kang-ho in the 2015 film The Throne. Portrayed by Yeo Jin-goo in the 2016 SBS TV series The Royal Gambler. Portrayed by Ryu Tae-joon in the 2017 film The Age of Blood. Portrayed by Jung Il-Woo in the 2019 SBS TV series Haechi. Portrayed by Lee Deok-hwa in the 2021 MBC TV series The Red Sleeve. See also
History of Korea
Rulers of Korea
Joseon Dynasty
Dong Yi (TV series)

References

1694 births
1776 deaths
18th-century Korean


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<mask> (born 1 January 1979 in Santa María Quiegolani, Oaxaca) is a Zapotec activist for gender equality and the rights of indigenous women and communities. In November 2010 she became the first indigenous woman in Oaxacan politics, assuming the position of deputy of the National Action Party and president of the board of the local congress. In December of the same year <mask> was appointed as coordinator of indigenous affairs of the National Executive Committee of the PAN. She is also the founder and director of the QUIEGO (Queremos Unir Integrando por Equidad y Género en Oaxaca) Asociación Civil, which promotes gender equality in Oaxaca. The starting-point for her fight for gender equality was that she was not permitted to participate in the municipal elections of her home town Santa María Quiegolani, for the single reason that she is a woman. This was a valid reason according to the usos y costumbres (local traditional laws). Because of <mask>’s fight, the constitution was later reformed to give women equal voting rights.On October 3, 2008 <mask> received the National Youth Award for her contribution to political culture, which was presented by President Felipe Calderón. On Saturday, June 30, 2018, she was expelled from the PAN due to her opposition of Ricardo Anaya's 2018 presidential candidacy. Background and context
<mask> <mask> comes from a tiny Zapotec village called Santa María Quiegolani in Oaxaca, Mexico, where Zapotec is the native language. Her life was as so many Zapotec women traditionally lived: getting up at 3 o’clock in the morning, gathering fuel, grinding maize, preparing tortillas, watching the children and cleaning the house. Most girls in such villages have little chance to complete grade school and are married at a young age to men chosen by their fathers. At the age of 11, <mask> <mask> decided that she didn’t want to live like this and left to study and learn Spanish. She wanted a better future and eventually to help the other women that were discriminated against and

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Eufrosina Cruz Mendoza
Eufrosina
Eufrosina Cruz
Cruz
Eufrosina
Cruz
Eufrosina
Cruz


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 marginalized.She graduated from college with a degree in accounting and obtained a job teaching in indigent communities. Here she served as community instructor for education and founded three high schools in indigenous municipalities. After this she returned to her original village with the intention to change the lives of the women there. When she came back everything was still the same. Women were working hard but did not have equal rights. They were submissive to men and remained silent when men were around. Furthermore, women could not vote and did not have a voice in the law.Even so, <mask> ran for mayor of Santa María Quiegolani. This idea was revolutionary since the local political power was traditionally exclusively in the hands of men, and <mask> would have been the first female municipal president of Santa María Quiegoliani. It was a difficult struggle; most people didn’t want a woman in the government and spread rumors, ridiculed and threatened her. Usos y Costumbres Law
In 2007 she was eventually allowed in the election because the ruling family thought no one in town would dare to violate the tradition and vote for a woman. To everybody’s surprise <mask> <mask> won the elections (although the former authorities suggest otherwise). But this victory was not accepted and the election was annulled by the male authorities of the village. Votes for <mask> and her application for mayor were literally thrown into the trash bin.The former mayor of the municipality said “women do not exist here” and “women were created to serve men, to cook and care for children, but not to govern the former mayor also thought "a women for MAYOR??! !.”

The indigenous authority based their reason for this on oral traditions that said that women are not allowed in political positions in the community. This was in a way valid, since the usos y costumbres (uses and customs) law in the Oaxacan constitution states that indigenous communities can elect and form parties according to their own traditions and customs.

masks: Eufrosina Eufrosina Eufrosina Cruz Cruz


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 Oaxaca is the only state with this law, which is meant to respect the democratic practices of indigenous communities and protect their traditions. The communal authority is in this case stronger than the overall state politics. 418 out of 570 indigenous municipal laws are based on the usos y costumbres law; in 95 of these communities women did not have a voice or vote and were not permitted to make decisions for their community. Successes of Eufrosina <mask> <mask> did not give up and addressed human rights organizations and state authorities.The matter was taken seriously and she gained national recognition. In consequence, a revolutionary event took place on the 18th of January, 2008. For the first time the former governor visited <mask> <mask>’s small community, to demand that women should be able to have better lives. In February 2008 <mask> filed a complaint to the Human Rights Commission. The Commission recognized the violation of her rights. As a result, the government introduced an initiative to amend Article 25 of the state constitution, which was approved by the state congress. March 2008: <mask> <mask> became founder and director of QUIEGO, AC (see below)
 October 3, 2008: <mask> <mask> received the Premio Nacional de la Juventud (National Youth Award) in the category of contribution to the political culture from the President of México.<mask> represented Mexico in the Iberoamerican conference on Gender and Development. <mask> represented Mexico in the conferences of female leaders in Iberoamerica. QUIEGO, A.C. In March 2008, Eufrosina <mask> founded the non-profit association QUIEGO (Queremos unir, integrando por la equidad y género, a Oaxaca). The goal of this nonprofit is bringing attention to the situation of indigenous women, and ensuring that injustice such as what <mask> went through will not happen again. QUIEGO stands for equality between indigenous men and women, and wants women to have equal rights in development, progress, and education. This will be done through promoting

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Cruz Erosina
Cruz
Eufrosina
Cruz
Cruz
Eufrosina
Cruz
Eufrosina
Cruz
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Eufrosina


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 human rights, making the importance of freedom and being a woman clear, creating projects to improve women’s quality of life, and women’s rights workshops.It will not only affect Quiegolani but also other indigenous communities in Oaxaca. On December 6, 2008, QUIEGO organized the first forum in the history of the region to discuss the importance of women in community development and their right to access social programs. Shortly after the forum, the Secretariat of Agrarian Reform supported them with six exclusive productive projects for women, including a community pharmacy, a bakery, and a sewing project. In San Jose Quianitas, months later, women could vote and be candidates in their community. In November 2010 another successful forum for the freedom of indigenous women was held, organized by Eufrosina <mask> and QUIEGO. In 2009 <mask> was approached by several political parties to participate in elections for the federal Chamber of Deputies. The president of QUIEGO rejected the proposals and urged these same parties to the creation of mechanisms for the participation of women in municipalities governed by custom.In November 2010, <mask> <mask> was nominated as a candidate for deputy of the local congress for the PAN. When Gabino Cué Monteagudo (PAN) won the elections, <mask> was elected to the office of presidenta de la mesa directiva del congreso local (president of the board of the local congress), becoming the first indigenous woman to chair the state Congress of Oaxaca. On December 14 of the same year, <mask> was appointed as coordinator of indigenous affairs of the National Executive Committee of the PAN. References

Living people
Women members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
Members of the Congress of Oaxaca
Zapotec people
1979 births
People from Oaxaca
National Action Party (Mexico) politicians
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Mexico)
21st-century Mexican politicians
21st-century Mexican women politicians
Indigenous Mexican women
20th-century Native Americans
21st-century Native

masks: Cruz Eufrosina Eufrosina Cruz Eufrosina Eufrosina


texts:
<mask> (July 9, 1936 – June 14, 2002) was an American poet, essayist, teacher, and activist. In her writing she explored issues of gender, race, immigration, and representation. <mask> was passionate about using Black English in her writing and poetry, teaching others to treat it as its own language and an important outlet for expressing Black culture. <mask> was inducted on the National LGBTQ Wall of Honor within the Stonewall National Monument in 2019. Early life
<mask> was born in 1936 in Harlem, New York, as the only child of Jamaican immigrant parents, Granville Ivanhoe and <mask>. Her father was a postal worker for the USPS and her mother was a part-time nurse. When <mask> was five, the family moved to the Bedford-Stuyvesant area of Brooklyn, New York.<mask> credits her father with passing on his love of literature, and she began writing her own poetry at the age of seven. <mask> describes the complexities of her early childhood in her 2000 memoir, Soldier: A Poet's Childhood. She explores her complicated relationship with her father, who encouraged her to read broadly and memorize passages of classical texts, but who would also beat her for the slightest misstep and call her "damn black devil child". In her 1986 essay "For My American Family", <mask> explores the many conflicts in growing up as the child of Jamaican immigrant parents, whose visions of their daughter's future far exceeded the urban ghettos of her present. <mask>'s mother died by suicide, as is mentioned in On Call: Political Essays. <mask> recalls her father telling her: "There was a war against colored people, I had to become a soldier." After attending Brooklyn's Midwood High School for a year, <mask> enrolled in Northfield Mount Hermon School, an elite preparatory school in New England.Throughout her education, <mask> became "completely immersed in a white universe" by attending predominantly white schools; however, she was also able to construct and develop her identity as a black American and a writer. In 1953,

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June Millicent Jordan
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Mildred Maud Jordan
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