texts: and they give a different account of the origin of Parameswara. Both Suma Oriental and Malay Annals do contain similar stories about a fleeing Srivijayan prince arriving in Singapura and about the last king of Singapura who fled to the west coast of Malay peninsula to found Malacca. However, both accounts differ markedly on the identity of the prince: Suma Oriental identified the fleeing prince and the last king of Singapura as the same person known as "Parameswara", while the more detailed Malay Annals identified the fleeing prince and the last king as completely two different persons separated by five generations (Sang Nila Utama and Iskandar Shah). Suma Oriental noted further that the fleeing Srivijayan prince usurped the throne of Singapura from a Siamese viceroy named "Temagi" sometimes around the 1390s. Portuguese accounts by Tomé Pires and João de Barros, which may have been based on a Javanese source, suggest that Parameswara was a prince from Palembang who attempted to challenge Javanese rule over Palembang sometime after 1360. In this version, the Javanese attacked and drove <mask> out of Palembang, who then escaped to Singapore.Parameswara soon assassinated the local ruler with the title Sang Aji, Sangesinga. <mask> then ruled for five years before he was driven out. The account by Pires also indicates that Iskandar Shah was the son of Parameswara who became the second ruler of Malacca. Many scholars believe that <mask> and Iskandar Shah are the same person, although some argued for Megat Iskandar Shah being the son

masks: Parameswara Parameswara Parameswara


type: original

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 of Parameswara. The only Chinese first-hand account of 14th century Temasek (the name used before it was changed to Singapura), Dao Yi Zhi Lue written by Wang Dayuan, indicates that Temasek was ruled by a local chief (before the time of Parameswara). However the word used by Wang indicates that the ruler of Temasek was not independent, rather he was a vassal of another more powerful state. Fall of Singapura
Based on the account from the Malay Annals, Sri Maharaja of Singapura was succeeded by his son, Iskandar Shah, in 1389.The use of the peculiar Persian name and title in the Malay Annals may suggest that he had converted to Islam. Accounts in the Malay Annals trace back the Islamic influence in Singapura to the reign of Sri Rana Wikrama, when he first established relationships with a Sumatran Muslim Kingdom, Peureulak. The Malay annals account of the fall of Singapura and the flight of its last king begins with Iskandar Shah's accusation of one of his concubines of adultery. As punishment, the king had her stripped naked in public. In revenge, the concubine's father, Sang Rajuna Tapa who was also an official in Iskandar Shah's court, secretly sent a message to Wikramawardhana of Majapahit, pledging his support should the king choose to invade Singapura. In 1398, Majapahit dispatched a fleet of three hundred large ships and hundreds of smaller vessels, carrying no less than 200,000 men. Initially, the Javanese soldiers engaged with the defenders in a battle outside the fortress, before forcing them to retreat behind the


texts: walls.The invasion force laid a siege of the city and repeatedly tried to attack the fortress. However, the fortress proved to be impregnable. After a month, food in the fortress began to run low and the defenders were on the verge of starvation. Sang Rajuna Tapa was then asked to distribute whatever grain left to the people from the royal store. Seeing this opportunity for revenge, the minister lied to the King, saying the stores were empty. The grains were not distributed and the people eventually starved. The final assault came when the gates were finally opened under the order of the treacherous minister.The Majapahit soldiers rushed into the fortress and a terrible massacre ensued. According to the Malay Annals, "blood flowed like a river" and the red stains on the laterite soil of Singapore are said to be blood from that massacre. Knowing that defeat was imminent, Iskandar Shah and his followers fled the island. Portuguese sources gave different accounts from the Malay Annals. They suggested that <mask> originated from Palembang, who escaped to Temasek that some believed to be a vassal of Siam. There he assassinated the local ruler who had welcomed Parameswara into the kingdom, and ruled there for five years. There are different suggestions as to who attacked Singapore.One indication was that the assassinated ruler of Singapura may be related by marriage to the Pattani Kingdom and the Siamese Ayutthaya Kingdom. João de Barros said that it was the Siamese who attacked Singapura, while Brás de Albuquerque believed that it


texts:
 was the Pattani Kingdom. Diogo do Couto on the other hand said it was the Majapahit, while Godinho de Erédia mentioned Pahang (by which he meant most the Malay Peninsula). Foundation of Malacca
<mask> fled north to found a new settlement. In Muar, <mask> contemplated establishing his new kingdom at either Biawak Busuk or at Kota Buruk. Finding that the Muar location was not suitable, he continued northwards. Along the way, he reportedly visited Sening Ujong (former name of present-day Sungai Ujong) before reaching a fishing village at the mouth of the Bertam River (former name of the Malacca River).This evolved over time to become the location of modern-day Malacca Town. According to the Malay Annals, legend has it that the king saw a mouse deer outwitting his hunting dog into the water when he was resting under the Malacca tree. He thought this boded well, remarking, 'this place is excellent, even the mouse deer is formidable; it is best that we establish a kingdom here'. Tradition holds that he named the settlement after the tree he was leaning against while witnessing the portentous event. Today, the mouse deer is part of modern Malacca's coat of arms. The name "Malacca" itself was derived from the fruit-bearing Malacca tree () scientifically termed as Phyllanthus emblica. Another account on the origin the naming of Malacca elaborates that during the reign of Muhammad Shah (1424–1444), the Arab merchants called the kingdom 'Malakat' (Arabic for 'congregation of merchants') because it was home to many trading

masks: Parameswara Parameswara


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 communities.Reign in Malacca
After the foundation of the new settlement in Malacca, <mask> initiated the development of the place and ordered his men to cultivate the lands with banana, sugar cane, yam and other crops for food. Taking the advantage of the harbour that is protected by a hill and sheltered ships well from the danger of strong tides, <mask> laid the foundation of a trading port by building the storage and market facilities to serve as a meeting point to exchange goods. The indigenous inhabitants of Malacca and the strait, the Orang Laut, who were also known as the loyal servants of Malay rulers since the time of Singapura and Srivijaya, were said to have been employed by Parameswara to patrol the adjacent seas, to repel other petty pirates, and to direct traders to their Malay overlords' port. Ironically, Orang Lauts themselves were known to be ferocious pirates in history. Within years, news about Malacca becoming a centre of trade and commerce began to spread all over the eastern part of the world and reached as far as China. The Yongle Emperor of the Ming dynasty, who reigned from 1402 till 1424, sent his envoy known as Yin Qing to Malacca in 1405. Yin Qing's visit opened the way for the establishment of friendly relations between Malacca and China.Chinese merchants began calling at the port of Malacca, joining other foreign traders notably the Javanese, Indians, Chinese, and Burmese who came to establish their trading bases and settle in Malacca, soaring its population to 2000 during <mask>'s reign. In 1411,


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 <mask>, his wife, his son, and a royal party of 540 people left for China with Admiral Zheng He to pay homage to the Yongle Emperor. Yongle praised Parameswara and acknowledged him as the rightful ruler of Malacca. He then presented Parameswara with a seal, silk and a yellow umbrella as symbols of royalty and also a letter appointing <mask> as the ruler of Malacca. Malacca was then recognised as a kingdom by the Emperor of China. The envoy returned to Malacca together with a fleet led by Zheng He. The Chinese chronicles mention that in 1414, the son of the first ruler of Malacca visited Ming China to inform them that his father had died.It is generally believed that he was buried on top of a hill at Tanjung Tuan (also known as Cape Rachado), within the State of Malacca, Malaysia by which located nearby to the modern-day district of Port Dickson. <mask> was succeeded by his son, Megat Iskandar Shah who in turn ruled Malacca until 1424. There is an allegation that <mask> had also been buried at the Bukit Larangan Park, Singapore. Some other also believe that he could have been cremated based on the Hindu's ritual belief system, and there is therefore no actual burial place. Religious belief
It is believed that <mask> was a Hindu as indicated by his Hindu name. The Persian moniker Iskandar Shah used in the Malay Annals, as well as the confusion as to whether <mask> and Iskandar Shah in different sources refer to the same person, led to the conjecture that <mask> had converted to Islam and took a new name. In the year 1409, when

masks: Parameswara Parameswara Parameswara Parameswara Parameswara Parameswara Parameswara


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 he was sixty-five, he was said to have married a Muslim princess of Pasai, converted to Islam and adopted the Persian title Iskandar Shah.However, the 16th-century Portuguese writer Tomé Pires explicitly mentioned that <mask> was succeeded by his son, named Chaquem Daraxa or Megat Iskandar Shah, and that only the latter converted to Islam at the age of 72. The Chinese History of Ming also considers Megat Iskandar Shah to be the son of <mask>. This son is referred to in the Malay Annals only as Raja Besar Muda. According to the Malay Annals, the third king Muhammad Shah was the first Muslim ruler of Melaka, having converted after a dream. Scholars believe both <mask> and his son were given the same title, the elder called Sri Iskandar Shah and the son Megat Iskandar Shah. Based on Malay, Portuguese, and Chinese writings, Christopher Wake concludes that <mask> never adopted Islam but was posthumously given the title Iskandar Shah. While there are differing views on when the Islamisation of Melaka actually took place, it is generally agreed that Islam was firmly established in the court by the reign of Muzaffar Shah.Foreign relations with Ming China
The relation with Ming China started in the early 15th century when <mask> embarked on several voyages to visit the Yongle Emperor. In 1403, the first official Chinese trade envoy led by Admiral Yin Qing arrived in Malacca. Later, Parameśwara was escorted by Zheng He and other envoys in his successful visits. Malacca's relationships with Ming granted protection to Malacca against

masks: Parameswara Parameswara Parameswara Parameswara Parameswara


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 attacks from Siam and Majapahit and Malacca officially submitted as a protectorate of Ming China. This encouraged the development of Malacca into a major trade settlement on the trade route between China and India, Middle East, Africa and Europe. In 1411, <mask> and his wife together with 540 officials from Malacca went to China to pay homage to the Yongle Emperor (r. 1402–1424). Upon arriving, a grand welcoming ceremony was held with sacrification of animals.The historical meeting between Parameswara and the Yongle Emperor was recorded accurately in the Ming chronicle:

Tributes that Malacca paid to Ming included: agate, carnelian, pearl, hawksbill, coral, crane beak, golden female crane beak, suit, white cloth, Western fabric, Sa-ha-la, rhino horn, ivory, black bear, black ape, white muntjac, turkey, parrot, pian-nao, rosebush dew, su-he oil, gardenia flower, wu-ye-ni, aromatic wood, incense sticks, gold silver incense sticks. Legacy

Within decades after its foundation, Malacca grew into an international trading port and heralded the golden age of Alam Melayu. 80 languages were reportedly spoken in Malacca. Malacca became an important port in the far east during the 16th century. It became so rich that the Portuguese writer and trader Tome Pires said "Whoever is lord of Malacca shall have his hands on the throat of Venice." The new Malay sultanate emerged as the primary base in continuing the historic struggles of its predecessors, Singapura and Srivijaya, against their Java-based nemeses. By the mid-15th century, Majapahit


texts: found itself unable to control the rising power of Malacca that began to gain effective control of Malacca straits and expands its influence to Sumatra.The Malay Annals records that, at the height of its power, following the accession to the throne of Sultan Mansur Shah in 1459, Malacca's territory covered much of the Malay peninsula as well as the Riau-Lingga islands and parts of the east coast of Sumatra namely Indragiri, Kampar, Siak, Rokan, Haru and Siantan. Malacca was still looking to expand its territory as late as 1506 when it conquered Kelantan. The prosperity of Malacca as an international port changed the entire Maritime Southeast Asia and its success was admired by kings from neighbouring kingdoms. As a major entreport, Malacca attracted Muslim traders from various part of the world and became a centre of Islam, disseminating the religion throughout the Maritime Southeast Asia. The process of Islamisation in the region surrounding Malacca gradually intensified between the 15th and 16th centuries through study centres in Upeh, the district on the north bank of the Malacca River. Islam spread from Malacca to Jambi, Kampar, Bengkalis, Siak, Aru and the Karimun Islands in Sumatra, throughout much of the Malay peninsula, Java and even Philippines. The Malay Annals even reveals that the courts of Malacca and Pasai posed theological questions and problems to one another.Of the so-called Wali Sanga ('nine saints') responsible in spreading Islam on Java, at least two, Sunan Bonang and Sunan Kalijaga, are said to have


texts:
 studied in Malacca. The expansion of Islam into the interiors of Java in the 15th century led to the gradual decline of Malacca's long standing foe, Hindu-Majapahit, before it finally succumbed to the emerging local Muslim forces in the early 16th century. Ultimately, the period spanning from Malaccan era right until the age of effective European colonisation, saw the domination of Malay-Muslim sultanates in trade and politics that eventually contributed to the Malayisation of the region. Sources
 Malay Annals - a Malay literature compiled by Tun Sri Lanang in 1612. Suma Oriental - written by Portuguese Tom Pires after the Portuguese conquest of Malacca in the early 16th century. Other Portuguese sources such as those given by Afonso de Albuquerque also mentioned Parameswara. Ming Shilu () - also known as the Veritable Records of the Ming dynasty, has a comprehensive 150 records or more on Parameswara (Bai-li-mi-su-la 拜里迷蘇剌) and Malacca.The translation work was contributed by Dr.Geoff Wade, a senior researcher in the Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore. 28 October 1403: eunuch Yǐn Qìng 尹慶 was sent to Malacca. 3 October 1405: Bai-li-mi-su-la, the native ruler of the country of Malacca followed the Imperial envoy Yin Qing and visit the Ming court to offer tribute. 16 February 1409: envoy A-bu-la Jia-xin 阿卜剌賈信 sent by Bai-li-mi-su-la visit Ming court and offered tribute of local products. 4 August 1411: Bai-li-mi-su-la, on banquet in reward him on visit to Ming court. 14 August 1411: Bai-li-mi-su-la, and his


texts:
 wife, children and attendant ministers, a total of over 540 persons, visit Ming Court. 17 August 1411: A banquet was conferred upon Bai-li-mi-su-la and his consort Bā-ér-mí-sū-lǐ 八兒迷蘇里 and others in the Interpreters Institute.5 October 1414: Son of the king of the country of Malacca, Mǔ-gàn Sā-yúgān-dí ér Shā 母幹撒于干的兒沙 visit Ming court and memorialised that his father Bai-li-mi-su-la had died. And the Imperially commanded that Mǔ-gàn Sā-yúgān-dí ér Shā should inherit his father's title as king. See also
 Strait of Malacca
 Orang Laut
 Moken
 Hang Tuah

References

External links

Rajas of Singapore
Sultans of Malacca
14th-century monarchs in Asia
15th-century monarchs in Asia
Palembang
History of Singapore
History of Malacca
History of Malaysia
Hindu monarchs
Founding monarchs
1344 births
1414


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<mask>, Grand Duke of Tuscany (; 10 June 1835 – 17 January 1908) was the last Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1859 to 1860. Biography
Born at Florence, he was the son of Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Princess Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies. He and his family were forced to flee Florence on 27 April 1859, with the outbreak of a revolution inspired by the outbreak of a war by France and Sardinia-Piedmont against Austria as part of the unification of Italy. The family took refuge in Austria. After the end of the war, Leopold II abdicated on 21 July and <mask> succeeded him as Grand Duke. <mask> proved unable to return to Florence to claim his throne, and an elected Tuscan National Assembly formally deposed him only a month later, on 16 August. <mask> still hoped to recover his throne, as both France and Austria had promised to recognize his rights to it in the Armistice of Villafranca.However, neither power was willing to take any steps to bring about his restoration; Sardinia would annex Tuscany on 22 March 1860, and with Austria recognizing the new Kingdom of Italy after the Third War of Independence in 1866, <mask>'s hopes to reclaim the throne were ended. Subsequently <mask> and his family returned to the Imperial House of Austria. While <mask> was allowed to keep the grand ducal title as a courtesy and retain his status as grand master of all Tuscan orders of chivalry for his lifetime, his descendants could only bear the title of "Archduke/Archduchess of Austria"; the right to bear the title "Prince/ss of Tuscany" became restricted solely to family members born before 1866. In 1870 <mask> relinquished all dynastic rights to the defunct Grand Duchy for himself and his future heirs in favor of his second cousin, Emperor Franz Joseph I, effectively ending

masks:
Ferdinand IV
Ferdinand
Ferdinand
Ferdinand
Ferdinand
Ferdinand
Ferdinand
Ferdinand


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 the House of Habsburg-Tuscany's status as a sovereign cadet branch. <mask> died in Salzburg in 1908, after spending the rest of his life in exile. Upon his death, his descendants were barred from using their Tuscan titles by Imperial decree. Family and children
He married twice and had issue:

From his first marriage in Dresden on 24 November 1856 to Princess Anna of Saxony, (Dresden, 4 January 1836 – Naples, 10 February 1859), daughter of King John I of Saxony, was born:
 Archduchess Maria Antonietta (Florence, 10 January 1858 – Cannes, 13 April 1883).She became Princess-Abbess of the Theresian Convent in the Hradschin in Prague. Unmarried and without Issue. From his second marriage in Frohsdorf on 11 January 1868 to Princess Alice "Alix" of Bourbon-Parma (Parma, 27 December 1849 – Schwertberg, 16 November 1935), daughter of Duke Charles III of Parma:
Archduke <mask> (1868–1935). He renounced his titles on 29 December 1902 and took the name Leopold Wölfling. He married three times, without issue. Archduchess Louise (1870–1947). Married first King Frederick Augustus III of Saxony and after divorcing him married second Enrico Toselli and had issue by both marriages.Archduke <mask> (1872–1942). He married, firstly, Rosa Kaltenbrunner and, after divorcing her married, secondly Gertrud Tomanek, by whom he had issue. Both marriages were morganatic. Archduke <mask>, Prince of Tuscany (1874–1948). Married Princess Maria Cristina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, and had issue. Archduke <mask> (1878–1969). A major general in the Austrian army, morganatically married Maria Karoline Ludescher, and had issue.She married Johannes, Prince of Hohenlohe-Bartenstein; their granddaughter married Hans Veit, Count of Toerring-Jettenbach, son of Princess Elizabeth of Greece and

masks:
Ferdinand
Leopold Ferdinand
Josef Ferdinand
Peter Ferdinand
Heinrich Ferdinand


texts:
is a Japanese professional boxer. He has held the WBA (Super) middleweight title since January 2021 and previously held the WBA (Regular) title twice between 2017 and January 2021. As an amateur, he won a silver medal at the 2011 World Championships, and gold the following year at the 2012 Olympics. As of July 2021, he is ranked as the world's fifth best active middleweight by The Ring. Amateur career
Murata started boxing in the first grade of junior high school. His then trainer was Hiroaki Takami who competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics. Two years later, he started attending Shinko Boxing Gym in Osaka from his home in Nara City.He was trained under the former Japanese super lightweight champion Hiromu Kuwata at that gym for one year. He proceeded to Minami-Kyoto High School and was coached there by Maekawa Takemoto, who served as the coach of the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. <mask> went on to capture five national titles. Takemoto died in 2010, at the age of 50. However, after his admission to Toyo University, he suffered a number of DQ losses in the university league. At that time, he trained at the Physical Training School of the Self Defense Forces, on the recommendation of Takemoto. After winning the All-Japan Amateur Boxing Championships in the first grade of university in 2004, he captured the bronze medal in the 2005 Asian Amateur Boxing Championships in Ho Chi Minh City, and the silver medal in the 2005 King’s Cup in Bangkok.After that, <mask> went on an undefeated streak in his country, winning the All-Japan Amateur Boxing Championships also in 2007, 2009, 2010, and 2011,. However, he was eliminated in the preliminary round by Nikolajs Grisunins at the 2005 World Amateur Boxing Championships, and was also eliminated in the preliminary round by Bakhtiyar Artayev in the 2006 Asian Games. In the 2007 World Amateur Boxing Championships he won against

masks: Murata Murata


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 Donatas Bondorovas in the first round, but lost to Shawn Estrada in the second round. At the 2008 1st Asian Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Bangkok, Thailand, he won over Narmandakh Shinebayar in the quarterfinal but lost to Elshod Rasulov in the semifinal. In the 2nd AIBA Asian 2008 Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Astana, Kazakhstan, he was eliminated in the quarterfinal by Homayoun Amiri and ended in the seventh place. <mask> retired as a boxer after failing to qualify for the 2008 Summer Olympics. After graduating from the university, he started coaching at the boxing club while working as an employee of his alma mater.A year and a half later, he resumed his boxing career. In 2010, he secured the bronze medal by winning over Udai Al-Hindawi in the quarterfinal of the China Open Tournament in Guiyang, China, but lost to Husan Baymatov in the semifinal. In the 2010 Kazakhstan President's Cup in Astana, he won over Levan Guledani in the preliminary round but lost to Danabek Suzhanov in the quarterfinal. In July 2011, he won the gold medal at the 21st President's Cup in Jakarta. At the 2011 World Amateur Boxing Championships, <mask> won over his preliminary contest over Leandro Sanchez (24–11). In a big upset, <mask> stopped two-time world champion Abbos Atoev in the first round. He subsequently defeated Mohammad Sattarpour (22–11, in the second round) and Stefan Härtel (18–15, in the third round).By beating Härtel, <mask> secured qualification for the 2012 Summer Olympics. In the quarter-final, he beat Darren O'Neill (18-9). Finally he defeated Esquiva Falcão (24–11) to qualify for the final. <mask>'s run came to an end against Evhen Khytrov, losing a close match (22–24) and taking home the silver medal. 2012 Olympics
In the 2012 Summer Olympics, second-seeded <mask> defeated Algeria's Abdelmalek Rahou 21–12 in the round of 16 at the ExCeL London on 2 August 2012.

masks: Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata


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 He subsequently beat Turkey's Adem Kılıççı 17–13 in the quarter-finals on 6 August, and also outpointed Uzbekistan's Abbos Atoev 13–12 in the semi-finals on 10 August. In the final on 11 August, he beat the Esquiva Falcão with a score of 14–13 and took the gold medal.After winning the quarter-finals, <mask> and Florentino were both assured of the first men's boxing medal for their countries since the 1968 Summer Olympics. It was a tough, close bout. <mask> is the hundredth gold medalist for Japan in their Olympic history. His is Japan's first boxing gold medal since Takao Sakurai won in the bantamweight class in 1964, and also is the first-ever boxing medal in a weight class other than bantamweight or flyweight. The Brazilian Olympic Committee asked the International Boxing Association (AIBA) for a review of the final, but the AIBA turned down the request. <mask> finished his amateur career with a record of 119–18 (89 RSC). Results
Men's Middleweight (75 kg)
 Round of 16: <mask> <mask>, Japan (21) def Abdelmalek Rahou, Algeria (12)
 Quarterfinals: <mask> <mask>, Japan (17) def Adem Kılıççı, Turkey (13)
 Semi-finals: <mask> <mask>, Japan (13) def Abbos Atoev, Uzbekistan (12)
 Final: <mask> <mask>, Japan (14) def Esquiva Falcão, Brazil (13)

Professional career
<mask> registered with Misako Boxing Gym in April 2013, and signed with Top Rank in June.He also asked Teiken Promotions for cooperation in promotion. Murata is sponsored by Dentsu. Before turning professional, <mask> had declined participation in AIBA Pro Boxing by saying that he intended to retire as a boxer. Upon turning professional, <mask> was banned from Japan Amateur Boxing Federation (JABF) for his disloyal behavior in February 2013. Qualified as a professional boxer in April 2013, he was cleared to fight in eight or more round bouts. His professional debut took place in a six-round bout at a 161 lb

masks: Murata Murata Murata Ryōta Murata Ryōta Murata Ryōta Murata Ryōta Murata Murata Murata Murata


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 catchweight against Akio Shibata at the Ariake Coliseum on 25 August 2013. <mask> won the bout by a second-round technical knockout.<mask> went on to win his first four fights by knockout. <mask>'s first fight in the U.S. took place in November 2015 against Gunnar Jackson. He won the fight via unanimous decision (99-91, 98-92, 97-93), outworking Jackson throughout most of the bout. <mask> (8-0, 5 KOs), who was ranked fourth in the WBC middleweight ratings at the time, faced Gaston Alejandro Vega (24-10-1, 10 KOs) of Argentina on 30 January in Shanghai, on the under card of Chinese superstar Zou Shiming against Natan Santana Coutinho . <mask> won the fight by KO in the second round. WBA (Regular) middleweight champion

<mask> vs. N'Dam
After 12 consecutive victories, <mask> fought for the vacant WBA (Regular) title against Hassan N'Dam N'Jikam on 27 May 2017. <mask> lost a very controversial split decision (116-111, 115-112, 110-117), in a match which many thought he'd won.N'Dam N'Jikam was knocked down in Round 4 but survived and got the decision. The two judges who scored the fight for N'Dam N'Jikam were immediately suspended and WBA president Gilberto Mendoza issued a public apology. A rematch was immediately ordered by the WBA, and scheduled for 22 October. <mask> vs. N'Dam II
On 22 October, <mask> decisively beat N'Dam N'Jikam, who threw in the towel after round 7. <mask>'s body attack wore his opponent down, he also hurt him with a series of combinations. The fight was attended by 8,500 people at the Ryōgoku Kokugikan. This was N'Dam N'Jikam's first stoppage loss.After the fight, <mask> said, "I know that you’re going to have a rougher time after you win a title. And there are other very strong champions in this weight class at other organizations. The people here know it. I will aim to be at their level." With the win, <mask> became Japan's first Olympic

masks: Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata


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 medalist to win a world title, as well as the first Japanese middleweight world champion since Shinji Takehara. <mask> vs. Blandamura
On 15 April, <mask> retained his secondary middleweight world title with a one-sided eighth-round knockout of Emanuele Blandamura at the Yokohama Arena in Yokohama, Japan. Blandamura was ranked #6 by the WBA at middleweight.Defending his 160-pound belt for the first time since knocking out Hassan N'Dam in the seventh round of their October rematch to claim the title, <mask> had a similarly easy time with Blandamura. <mask> vs. Brant
<mask> failed to defend his WBA middleweight world title and suffered his second defeat on 20 October in Las Vegas, losing to mandatory challenger Rob Brant of the U.S. by unanimous decision, 118-110, 119-109 and 119-109. Brant was ranked #3 by the WBA and #11 by the IBF at the time. Brant threw over 1,200 punches to get the decision, wearing <mask> out and down over the course of the fight. <mask> vs. Brant II
Brant made his second defense of WBA "regular" middleweight title against <mask> on 12 July 2019 at Edion Arena in Osaka, Japan. <mask> in Round 2, forcing referee Luis Pabon to stop the bout 2 minutes 34 seconds into the round. <mask>'s 64 power punches connected were the second most by a middleweight in a round next to Mike McCallum 's 74 landed punches in a fifth-round TKO of Nicky Walker in 1991.<mask> vs. Butler
<mask> defended his regained title on 23 May December 2019 at the Yokohama Arena against hard-punching Canadian contender Steven Butler (27-1). Butler was ranked #8 by the WBA at middleweight. <mask>'s power showed up right from the start, but Butler managed to keep up with the champion in the early rounds using his long reach and fast combinations. However, <mask>'s constant offense, sharp jab and powerful rights started to wear down Butler in round four. Near the end of Round 5,

masks: Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Muratarant Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata


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 <mask> drove Butler to the ropes and began to unleash a series of hard punches, before landing a devastating left hook that caused Butler to crash down on the canvas. Referee Rafael Ramos immediately halted the contest, thus giving <mask> the victory by TKO. WBA (Super) middleweight champion
In January 2021, <mask> was elevated to the status of full WBA (Super) middleweight champion.The position had previously been vacant after the previous Super champion Canelo Álvarez had vacated the title to move up to the super-middleweight division. <mask> vs. Golovkin

After multiple rumors suggesting that <mask> was set to take on IBF and IBO champion Gennady Golovkin in a unification match, it was announced on 27 October 2021 that a deal had finally been agreed between the two to stage the bout at the Saitama Super Arena in Saitama, Japan on 29 December 2021. Personal life
<mask> was married in May 2010. His son was born in May 2011. Professional boxing record

See also
October 2011 in sports#Boxing
Boxing at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Qualification
Japan at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Chronological summary of the 2012 Summer Olympics#Day 15: Sat 11 August
List of Olympic medalists in boxing#Middleweight
List of 2012 Summer Olympics medal winners#Boxing
List of Japanese boxing world champions

References

Video references

External links

<mask> <mask>'s daily results International Boxing Association

Ryota <mask> - Profile, News Archive & Current Rankings at Box.Live

|-

Middleweight boxers
People from Nara, Nara
Toyo University alumni
1986 births
Living people
Boxers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Olympic boxers of Japan
Olympic gold medalists for Japan
Olympic medalists in boxing
Boxers at the 2006 Asian Games
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Japanese male boxers
AIBA World Boxing Championships medalists
Recipients of the Medal with Purple Ribbon
Asian Games

masks: Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Murata Ryōta Murata Murata


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<mask> (April 25, 1896 – November 9, 1977) was an American third baseman, manager, coach and executive in Major League Baseball (MLB). As a manager, he won two pennants and a world championship with the Milwaukee Braves. He later served as the first general manager of the expansion Los Angeles Angels in the American League. For years, <mask> was one of the most popular baseball figures in Los Angeles. In 1974 he was presented with the King of Baseball award given by Minor League Baseball. Early life
Born in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and raised in Los Angeles, <mask>'s major league playing career lasted all or part of seven seasons (1922–27, 1929). Primarily a third baseman—despite his diminutive ( size—<mask> compiled a .275 batting average with eight home runs and 229 runs batted in (RBI) for the Detroit Tigers, Boston Red Sox, Chicago Cubs and St. Louis Cardinals.Much of his playing career was spent in his hometown with the city's two Pacific Coast League clubs, the original PCL Angels and the Hollywood Stars. He threw and batted right-handed. Managerial career

Early years and broadcasting
<mask> became a manager in 1936, piloting the Toledo Mud Hens of the AA American Association, the top farm team of the St. Louis Browns. In 1939, he took over the lowly Browns and the team lost 111 games. They improved by 24 games in 1940, but when the 1941 Brownies dropped 32 of their first 44 contests, <mask> was replaced by Luke Sewell. After briefly returning to Toledo to manage through 1942, <mask> went home to Los Angeles (and the Coast

masks:
Fred Girard Haney
Haney
Haney
Haney
Haney
Haney
Haney


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 League) as the radio play-by-play broadcaster for the Hollywood Stars and Los Angeles Angels for six seasons, starting in 1943. In 1949, he moved back into the dugout as the manager of the Hollywood club.During his four years (1949–52) as manager, the Stars won two PCL pennants. Milwaukee
As a reward, <mask> was named manager of the Stars' parent club: the worst team in the National League, the Pittsburgh Pirates. The Pirates rang up three last place finishes in <mask>'s 1953–55 tenure, losing 104, 101 and 94 games. Finally, he was given the pink slip by the Bucs, and he joined the Milwaukee Braves as a coach for 1956. Adversity turned into good fortune, however, when the Braves—slow out of the gate in '56; under skipper Charlie Grimm, the Braves were 24–22 on June 17 when he was forced out at the post, and <mask> was named the manager. Milwaukee played at a .630 clip (68–40) for the rest of the season. As late as the final series of the season, the Braves were in position for a pennant or at best a tie (as Brooklyn and Cincinnati were each in position with each other for first); however, the Braves lost two of their last three against St. Louis as Brooklyn managed escape with the league pennant.At any rate, the season secured <mask>'s tenure in the Beer City. He would push his team hard on fundamentals the following spring training, stating that "You're going to hate my guts next spring, but you'll love me when you see that World Series check in the fall." During his tenure of a little more than  seasons, <mask> would lead the

masks: Haney Haney Haney Haney Haney


texts: Braves to their only two pennants and lone World Series championship in 13 years of existence (1953–65) in the city. Yet for all his managerial success in Milwaukee, <mask> had more than his share of critics who believed it was largely the result of the immense talent around him. In 1957, with a lineup that included future Baseball Hall of Fame members Hank Aaron, Eddie Mathews, Warren Spahn, and Red Schoendienst – and stars such as Lew Burdette, Bob Buhl, Johnny Logan and Del Crandall – the Braves won the National League pennant by eight games over the St. Louis Cardinals. During the regular season, <mask> led the Braves in overcoming season-ending injuries to star first baseman Joe Adcock and fleet center fielder Bill Bruton, and slow starts to the season by their starting left fielder and second baseman, both of whom were traded in mid-June for Schoendienst. Then, led by Burdette's three complete-game victories in the World Series, the Braves defeated the New York Yankees in seven games – including winning the crucial seventh game 5–0 at Yankee Stadium with Burdette pitching – thus making him the World Series Most Valuable Player.Aaron received the National League Most Valuable Player award and Spahn won the lone Major League Cy Young Award (two Cy Young Awards were not given out per year until 1967). In 1958, the Milwaukee Braves repeated as champions in a league that was in transition, this time again by a margin of eight games. The core of the Braves team was once again Aaron, Matthews, Adcock, Spahn and Burdette. However, Buhl

masks: Haney Haney


texts: was limited to eleven appearances because of health issues, while Adcock played in only 105 games and Wes Covington in just 90 also because of injuries. Nonetheless, in Spahn and Burdette, the team had the best starter tandem in the majors. Spahn recorded a 22–11 record in 290 innings, while Burdette posted a 20–10 mark in 275 innings. The Braves finished first in the National League with a 92–62 record and returned to the World Series.The Yankees again won the American League, hence the two teams faced off against each other again in the World Series. The Braves roared ahead by winning three of the first four games in the series. The Yankees quickly regrouped, and they won Games 5, 6, and 7 and the championship. The final two games were played at Milwaukee County Stadium. Many consider the turning point was <mask>'s controversial decision to start Burdette and Spahn on two days' rest each in the final two games, which had the appearance of a panic move, what with his team ahead 3–2 lead in the series. Some critics believe well-rested veteran Bob Rush would have been a wiser choice in Game 6, pointing to his effectiveness in the final two months of the regular season as well as in Game 3 of the series albeit it in a loss. That would have allowed Spahn, who had been victorious in his previous two starts, to open Game 7 if necessary on his accustomed three days' rest.At the same time, Burdette, who had struggled in his two starts, would have been available in the bullpen. Instead, Spahn pitched well in a 4–3, 10-inning loss in Game 6,


texts: then Burdette tired late in a 6-2 setback in the clincher. In 1959, the Braves were back in the thick of contention again, with the same core of regular players, and a stronger pitching staff, since Buhl came back to pitch 200 innings in 31 games, with a 15–9 record. Spahn and Burdette were brilliant, each with a 21–15 record in 290 innings pitched and a combined 41 complete games. Aaron and Matthews had prolific seasons. Aaron led the league with careers highs in 223 hits, a .355 batting average and 400 total bases. He had 39 home runs and 123 runs batted in, while leading the league in slugging percentage.Matthews paced the team with 46 home runs and batted in 114 runs. The Braves finished in a tie with the Los Angeles Dodgers for first place, both with records of 86 wins and 68 losses. This forced the two teams into a best-of-three-games playoff. Once again, <mask> bypassed Rush and others in favor of inexperienced starter Carlton Willey in Game 1, a 3–2 loss in Milwaukee. The Dodgers completed the two-game sweep the next day, 6–5, to capture the pennant in <mask>'s hometown of Los Angeles. A short time later, <mask>, approaching the age of 61, was dismissed as Braves manager, and he was replaced by the former Dodger coach Chuck Dressen. In his guide to baseball managers, author Bill James makes a detailed case for considering <mask>'s 1959 season at the helm of the Braves as the worst performance by an MLB manager.As he puts it: "Without exaggeration, the 1959 Dodgers shouldn't have been within 20 games of the Braves In reality,

masks: Haney Haney Haney Haney


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 the two teams ended up playing a three-game playoff, which the Dodgers swept in two games. Among <mask>'s mistakes that season: riding his two top pitchers, Warren Spahn and Lew Burdette into the ground while ignoring a number of talented youngsters who were available to pitch; platooning Joe Adcock with the awful Frank Torre long after Torre had demonstrated he was in a year-long slump; failing to settle on a solution when second baseman Red Schoendienst was lost for the season; and loading his bench with a group of grumpy and over-the-hill veterans from which he failed to get any production." With his other two "near misses", <mask> stands as by far the most successful manager of the Braves' years in Milwaukee. His career managing record — tarnished by poor teams in St. Louis and Pittsburgh — was 629–757 (). He won 341 games and lost 231 () with the Braves. Front office

<mask> was not out of work long. In 1960 he made a brief return to broadcasting, teaming with Lindsey Nelson to call weekend baseball for NBC television.The following year, the American League granted an expansion team to Los Angeles, the Los Angeles Angels, and its owner, Gene Autry, chose <mask> to operate the team and its organization for him. While the Angels usually struggled on the playing field during <mask>'s tenure as GM from 1961 to 1968, they did finish a surprising third in 1962, and contended for the 1967 pennant as well (the team won 70 games in their inaugural season, a record for expansion teams that still stands). <mask> made the team competitive

masks: Haney Haney Haney Haney Haney Haney


texts:
 in its early years by selecting future stars such as the shortstop Jim Fregosi and the pitcher Dean Chance in the expansion draft, and acquiring sluggers such as Leon Wagner and Lee Thomas. <mask> also oversaw the Angels' relocation in 1966 from Chavez Ravine down the freeway to Anaheim Stadium in Orange County, during which they changed their name to the California Angels. <mask> finished his run as GM with a winning record in half of the eight seasons he served in the position. After the 1968 baseball season (where the Angels lost 95 games, a club record until it was matched in 1980), Autry gently suggested his move into being a part-time consultant for the team, with the same salary as his previous spot but with less authority and input, and <mask> gently agreed to the suggestion. He was succeeded as the team's general manager by Dick Walsh (Walsh could not mend the decline of the Angels, and he was fired after the 1971 season)

Death
<mask> died of a heart attack on November 9, 1977, at age 81 in Beverly Hills, California.He was interred in the Holy Cross Cemetery in Culver City, California. Two years after his death, the Angels (having won the American League West title that year), his widow Florence was asked to throw out the first pitch for Game 3 and Game 4 in the 1979 American League Championship Series. A Memorial Award was dedicated in <mask>'s honor for the most outstanding rookie in spring training the following year. Managerial record

References

External links

 Baseball-Reference.com – career managing record

1896


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 births
1977 deaths
Baseball executives
Baseball managers
Baseball players from Albuquerque, New Mexico
Boston Red Sox players
Burials at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City
California Angels executives
Chicago Cubs players
Detroit Tigers players
Hollywood Stars managers
Hollywood Stars players
Indianapolis Indians players
Los Angeles Angels executives
Los Angeles Angels (minor league) players
Major League Baseball broadcasters
Major League Baseball general managers
Major League Baseball third basemen
Milwaukee Braves coaches
Milwaukee Braves managers
Omaha Buffaloes players
Omaha Rourkes players
Pittsburgh Pirates managers
Portland Buckaroos players
St. Louis Browns managers
St. Louis Cardinals players
Toledo Mud Hens managers
Vaudeville performers
World Series-winning


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<mask>, née Vickberg (13 February 1780 – 1850), was a Swedish procurer and brothel owner. She was the manager of the brothel "London" in Stockholm, one of the two brothels, London and Stadt Hamburg, which were supported by the authorities in a temporary experiment between 1838 and 1841 to control the spread of sexually transmitted disease. She was the owner of one of only two unique brothel licenses ever issued in her country at the time. <mask> published her memoires in 1841. Early life
<mask> described her life in her memoirs, published in 1841, which may not give an altogether truthful picture: among other things, she claimed to have been the mother of 22 children. She was one of six children to Erik Wickberg, General contractor at the Olofsfors estate in Ångermanland, and Brita Christina Eriksdotter. She was allowed schooling until the age of fourteen, and was then made an apprentice of a farmer to learn how to manage a farm, with the prospect of becoming a farmer's wife.As she did not care for this future prospect, she left home and arrived in the capital of Stockholm at the age of seventeen in 1797. According to her own memoirs, she worked as a maidservant, as a weaver at Hässelbyholm and as a children's nurse: in 1801, she was employed as a servant in a family by the name Williamson, which was moving to London in Great Britain, and stayed with them there for half a year before returning to Sweden. Having returned, and for some reason wealthy, she married the tailor Hellbom and settled in Stockholm with him. After six years of marriage and six children, she was left a destitute widow with two children in circa 1807. She started a business as an innkeeper, a common profession for a widow, and married the shoemaker Johan Löfstedt, with whom she was desperately unhappy and had eight children (all of whom died but one). Widowed after a ten-year marriage, she married in circa 1818 for the third time to Anders Johan Lundholm, a lower rank officer of the navy, with whom she lived for sixteen

masks:
Anna Carlström
Anna Carlström
Anna Carlström


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 years, had eight children (all of whom died). She described her third spouse as the love of her life, and his death gave her a depression which forced her to sell her inn.Finally, she married in circa 1834 to skipper <mask>. Her spouse spent most of his time at sea and she was forced to support herself. She managed to start again as an innkeeper, and had some success, but by 1838, she was indebted, because she was unable to pay what it had cost to establish her new inn. Career as a procurer
In 1838, the Stockholm authorities, alarmed with the problem of controlling the spread of sexually transmitted disease, decided to try a new policy against prostitution, inspired by contemporary French ideas. Instead of the illegal brothels, which worked in secret and were hard to find and control by the authorities, two brothels were to be given official support. The purpose of this was to make it easier for the authorities to control the spread of sexually transmitted disease. Therefore, the first two official brothel licenses ever was issued by the city's authorities: one of them to the widow Maria Martell, who were to manage the brothel Stadt Hamburg, and the other one to <mask>, who was put in charge of the brothel London.The brothels were named after two cities who were at the time talked about as centers of prostitution and sexually transmitted disease. In her memoirs, <mask> described her attitude when agreeing to the task: "Times are hard and one must adjust oneself accordingly. If I turn down this opportunity, I will have no way of supporting my creditors, which is my highest wish. On the other hand, were I to continue this business, I will pay my depths and still have a good income during my old age. And remember, my friend, that nowadays the words are 'profit and money!'" Maria Martell soon gave her license to a male procurer, but <mask> continued with hers. Her brothel was established at Skeppsbron.Her spouse had nothing to do with the business, as he was away at sea most of his time: he

masks:
Anders Carlström
Anna Carlström
Carlström
Carlström


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 protested against her trade, saying it would be too much for her health at her age to manage such a business, but she persuaded him. In her memoirs, published in 1841 when she was apparently still in business, she referred to "London" as an inn rather than a brothel. She remarked of her business: "I have the conviction, that I have spared no effort to satisfy every wish for any one of those, who visit my inn", but also that: "numerous unpleasant incidents occurred more or less daily" of which she was not used to and found exhausting. She stated that she had a lifelong distaste toward criminality, which was the reason to why she always had such a good cooperation with the authorities and her constant willingness to assist them an provide them with useful information, and that it was only the evil police master Hultberg who persisted in his attempts to libel her as a criminal despite her great will of cooperation. In August 1839, "London" was raided by the police and <mask> was arrested and prosecuted for storing stolen goods. She was, however, acquitted from the charges. The Stockholm authorities, however, abandoned the policy of licensed brothels in 1841, after having received great opposition from the public and also regarded their purpose of controlling the sexually transmitted disease as failed.They thereby retracted their protection of the two brothels London and Stads Hamburg. The brothel Stadt Hamburg was closed the same year by the authorities. It is not known when London was closed, but it is assumed that <mask> closed it in late 1841 in fear of an inspection from the authorities. Legacy
In 1841, <mask> published her memoirs: “En modig qvinnas händelserika lefnad, Antecknad av Henne Sjelf” ('The Eventful life of a Courageous Woman, Noted by herself'). See also
 Sara Simonsdotter
 Lovisa von Plat

References

1780 births
1850 deaths
Swedish memoirists
Swedish brothel owners and madams
19th century in Stockholm
19th-century Swedish writers
19th-century Swedish businesspeople
19th-century

masks:
Carlström
Carlström
Anna Carlström


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<mask> (; died 1525) was a Spanish military man, conquistador, city founder, and administrator. He conquered the islands of La Palma (1492–1493) and Tenerife (1494–1496) for the Castilian Crown; they were the last of the Canary Islands to be conquered by Europeans. He was also the founder of the towns of San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife and Santa Cruz de La Palma. One biographer has written that his personality was a “terrible mixture of cruelty and ambition or greed, on one part, and on the other a great capacity and sense for imposing order and government on conquered lands,” a trait found in the conquistadors of the New World. Early life
<mask> was born in Sanlúcar de Barrameda, in Spain, during the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella, though his family was of Galician origin; his relatives, as his surname indicates, originated in the city of Lugo and other Galician locales. Nothing much is known of his youth. He enlisted in the navy and ended up achieving the rank of Adelantado and Captain General of the African coasts.In 1478, he participated in the conquest of Gran Canaria under the command of Juan Rejón. Later, he fought alongside <mask> Vera, Rejón's successor as governor of Gran Canaria, who conferred on him command of the castle of Agaete on the island of Gran Canaria. Conquest of La Palma

He returned to Spain to solicit financial aid from the Crown to conquer Tenerife and La Palma. He was named governor of La Palma and granted 700,000 maravedis with the condition that he conquer the island within a year. The conquest of La Palma began on 29 September 1492, when <mask> <mask> landed on the beaches of Tazacorte. He encountered fierce resistance from some

masks:
Alonso Fernández de Lugo
Fernández de Lugo
Pedro de
Fernández de
Lugo


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 Guanches chiefs there. However, the menceys, or Guanche kings, of La Palma surrendered in April 1493, except for Tanausu, who ruled the area known as Acero (Caldera de Taburiente).However, Tanausu was ambushed and captured in May 1493 after agreeing to a truce arranged by <mask> <mask> and <mask> Palma, a Guanche who had converted to Christianity and who was a relative of Tanausu. The conquest of La Palma was completed on 3 May 1493. He left the administration of La Palma in the hands of his nephew Juan, and planned the conquest of Tenerife. Conquest of Tenerife
During the conquest of Tenerife, he suffered a severe defeat at the First Battle of Acentejo (31 May 1494). At the First Battle of Acentejo, <mask> <mask>, though wounded, had been able to escape with his life only by exchanging the red cape of an Adelantado for that of a common soldier. An additional detail from that battle, however, was that a rock thrown at <mask> <mask>'s head by a Guanche resulted in his losing most of his teeth. By October he had gathered together a second, larger army, and received assistance from the Duke of Medina Sidonia and other nobles.Humiliated and cautious after the First Battle of Acentejo, which had been disastrous for the Spaniards, <mask> <mask> had advanced gradually across the island, building and rebuilding forts. The expedition, which <mask> had funded with the sale of all of his properties, had landed at Añazo, where he built two towers on the spot where he had constructed his first fort before his prior defeat. Additionally, neighboring territorial lord Inés Peraza also participated directly in the conquest of Tenerife, assisting <mask> <mask>'s royal order with extensive aid and

masks:
Fernández de
Lugo
Juan de
Fernández de
Lugo
Fernández de
Lugo
Fernández de
Lugo
Lugo
Fernández de
Lugo


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 supplies, which <mask> <mask> had requested to further reassure success in the campaign. (Afterwards, Peraza held his children of <mask> Fernando and Pedro as hostages for the repayment of the substantial debt that amounted to 600,000 maravedí.) <mask> <mask> had more experienced troops under his command - these included 1,000 foot soldiers, veterans of the conquest of Granada, lent to him by the Duke of Medina Sidonia. He also had the support of Ferdinand and Isabella, who had given him ten more months to complete his conquest of the Canaries. During this time of regrouping, he also captured many slaves in the area.With this better-planned military strategy, he achieved victory over the Guanches of Tenerife at the Battle of Aguere (14–15 November 1494) and the Second Battle of Acentejo (25 December 1494). After the Conquest

He was named governor and chief justice of both Tenerife and La Palma, Captain General of the coast of Africa. He was named Adelantado on 12 January 1503, a title confirmed again by Charles I of Spain, in Barcelona, on 17 August 1519. It was an inherited title. The current Rightful Successor of the title "Adelantado of the Canary Islands Tenerife and La Palma, Captain General of the coast of Africa" is Felix Alberto <mask> III. <mask> <mask> was given extensive powers over these islands, since he had been financially responsible for their conquest. On La Palma, he had control over the distribution of land and water.Though he preferred to live on Tenerife, <mask> <mask> reserved the rich area of Los Sauces on La Palma, north of the island's capital, for himself. His nephew and lieutenant received La Caldera in 1502. His rule as adelantado was characterized by

masks:
Fernández de
Lugo
Lugo
Fernández de
Lugo
Lugo
Fernández de
Lugo
Fernández de
Lugo


texts: extreme despotism and harsh rule, and he treated the defeated Guanches like spoils of war. Legally, Guanches were regarded as being at the same level as Moors – in other words, enemies of Christianity- and he sold many of them into slavery. His treatment of his defeated subjects was so harsh that Ferdinand and Isabella intervened, requesting that the governor of Gran Canaria, <mask> Valenzuela, free some of the Guanches who had been enslaved by his counterpart in Tenerife. On both islands, he exercised civil and criminal jurisdiction and the right to appoint and dismiss judicial deputies, and also had control over the disposition of slaves and inhabitants' entry and exit from the islands. <mask> <mask> also introduced measures to limit the sale of land to create a permanent base of settlers.He oversaw extension immigration to Tenerife and La Palma during a short period from the late 1490s to the 1520s from mainland Europe, and immigrants included Castilians, Portuguese, Italians, Catalans, Basques, and Flemings. At subsequent judicial enquiries, <mask> <mask> was accused of favoring Genoese and Portuguese immigrants over Castilians. On Tenerife, he founded the town of San Cristóbal de La Laguna. La Plaza del Adelantado and Calle Adelantado, in this town, are named after him. A local legend states that upon the death of one of his sons in the town, <mask> <mask> ordered that the street of La Carrera be made twisted rather than straight so that he would not have to see the site of his son's death from his residence. On La Palma, he founded the town of Santa Cruz de La Palma (at first called Villa del Apurión) on 3 May 1493. On 21 July 1509 he had transferred his titles and rights

masks:
Sánchez de
Fernández de
Lugo
Fernández de
Lugo
Fernández de
Lugo


texts:
 of the African coast, acquired in 1499, to his son, <mask> <mask>, who later participated in expeditions to the New World.He is buried in the Cathedral of La Laguna. <mask> <mask> appeared on a 1961 postal stamp for the Spanish Sahara. List of Adelantados of The Canary Islands

 D. <mask> <mask>go
 D. <mask> <mask>go
 D. <mask> <mask> Lugo
 D. <mask> <mask> Lugo (also known as the Lindo)
 Dña. Porcia <mask> <mask>go y Marín
 D. <mask> Luís <mask> <mask> Lugo
 Dña. Francisca <mask> Guzmán y Lugo
 D. <mask> Claros <mask> y Lugo
 D. <mask> <mask>go y Fuentes
 D. José Francisco <mask> <mask> Córdoba Mendoza y Lugo
 D. <mask> <mask> Córdoba Mendoza y Lugo
 Dña. Manuela <mask> Córdoba Pimentel y Lugo
 Dña. <mask> los Ángeles <mask> <mask> Córdoba y Lugo
 Fernando <mask> Cabrera Pérez.Marqués de Villaseca
 Juan Bautista <mask> y Bermoy <mask> y <mask> Saavedra. Marqués de Villaseca
 D. <mask> Cabrera y <mask> de Córdoba Lugo y Bermoy
 D. Felix Alberto <mask> III, Rightful current successor of the title "Adelantado of the Canary Islands Tenerife and La Palma, Captain General of the coast of Africa" as confirmed by Emperor Charles V (King Charles I of Spain) as an inherited title on August 17, 1519 in Barcelona. References

Sources
 Lugo Family:  <mask>  <mask> <mask>
History of La Palma
 Cruces de Caminos
 Expedición a Santa Marta
 PRIMERA INVASIÓN DE LUGO, AÑO DE 1494

Year of birth missing
1525 deaths
Spanish conquistadors
Spanish city founders
History of the Canary Islands
Politicians from the Canary Islands
La Palma
Tenerife
15th-century Castilians
16th-century Spanish people
People from Sanlúcar de Barrameda
15th-century military history of Spain
16th-century military history of

masks:
Pedro Fernández
de Lugo
Alonso Fernández
de Lugo
Alonso Fernández
de Lu
Pedro Fernández
de Lu
Alonso Luís
Fernández de
Alonso Luís
Fernández de
Magdalena Fernández
de Lu
Antonio Alonso
de Leiva
Fernández de
de Fuentes
Juan Alonso
de Gmán
José Fernández
de Lu
Alonso Luís
Fernández de
Manuel Alonso
Fernández de
Fernández de
María de
del Rosario
Fernández de
Rafael de
de Crera
Lugo
Pérez de
Fernando de
Fernández
Lugo
Alonso
Fernández de
Lugo


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<mask> (born 26 February 1994) is an Indian freestyle wrestler, who competes in the 65-kg weight category. At the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, Punia won a bronze medal by defeating Kazakhstan’s Daulet Niyazbekov with a wide 8-0 margin. <mask> is the only Indian wrestler to win 3 medals at the World Wrestling Championships. Early life and background

<mask> was born in the Khudan village of Jhajjar district in the state of Haryana, India. He began wrestling at the age of seven and was encouraged to pursue the sport by his father. Punia grew up a rural area. His family did not have money for traditional sports.Instead, he had to partake in free sports like wrestling and Kabaddi. Punia's father was a wrestler as well and at a young age, his family started him at a local mud wrestling school. Punia started to skip school to go to wrestling practice.he went to chattarsal stadium in2008 where he was trained by Ramphal Mann .In 2015, his family moved to Sonepat so that he can attend a regional centre of Sports Authority of India. Currently, he works in Indian Railways on the post of Gazetted officer OSD Sports. Punia enjoys seeking out knowledge of his village elders. He is married to fellow wrestler Sangita Phogat Punia. Career

2013 Asian Wrestling Championships
In New Delhi, India, in the semi-final bout, <mask> lost 3-1 to Hwang Ryong-hak of North Korea to win the bronze medal in the men's freestyle 60 kg category.In the Round of 16, he faced Shogo Maeda of Japan, beating him 3-1. His opponent in the quarter-finals was Morad Hassan of Iran whom he beat 3-1 to qualify for the semi-finals. 2013 World Wrestling Championships
In Budapest, Hungary, <mask> won the bronze medal in the men's freestyle 60 kg category by qualifying for the bronze medal bout through the repechage round. There, he met Enkhsaikhany

masks:
Bajrang Punia
Punia
Punia
Bajrang
Bajrang


texts:
 Nyam-Ochir of Mongolia and beat him 9-2. In the Round of 32, he faced Vladimir Dubov of Bulgaria who beat him 7-0. With the Bulgarian grappler qualifying for the final bout, Bajrang then faced Shogo Maeda of Japan and earned a walkover. His next opponent was Ivan Guidea of Romania, and with a 10-3 win over the Romanian, Bajrang earned a spot in the bronze medal bout.2014 Commonwealth Games
In Glasgow, Scotland, he won the silver medal in the men's freestyle 61 kg category, after losing 1-4 to David Tremblay of Canada. In the Round of 16, <mask> faced Sasha Madyarchyk of England and beat him 4-0. He faced Marno Plaatjies of South Africa in the quarter-finals and won 4-1. The Nigerian wrestler, Amas Daniel, was his opponent in the semi-finals and overcame him in a 3-1 scoreline. 2014 Asian Games
In Incheon, South Korea, he won the silver medal in the Men's freestyle 61 kg category, after losing 1-3 to Masoud Esmaeilpoorjouybari of Iran. In the Round of 16, he faced Tuvshintulga Tumenbileg of Mongolia and beat him 3-1. His quarter-finals opponent was Farkhodi Usmonzoda of Tajikistan whom he beat 4-1 to qualify for the semi-finals.He was assured of a medal when he beat Noriyuki Takatsuka of Japan 4-1 in the semi-finals. 2014 Asian Wrestling Championships
In Astana, Kazakhstan, Bajrang won the silver medal in the men's freestyle 61 kg category, losing 0-4 to Masoud Esmaeilpour of Iran. In the Round of 16, <mask> met Lee Seung-Chul of South Korea whom he beat 3-1. In the quarter-finals, he faced Noriyuki Takatsuka of Japan whom he beat 3-1 to qualify for the semi-finals. There he met Nazmandakh Lhamgarmaa of Mongolia whom he beat 3-1 to assure himself of a medal. 2015 World Wrestling Championships
Unlike his fellow Narsingh Yadav, <mask> wasn't able to win a medal at the tournament in Las Vegas and

masks: Bajrang Bajrang Bajrang


texts:
 finished 5th. In the Round of 32, he met Batboldyn Nomin of Mongolia who beat him 10-0.With the Mongolian qualifying for the final bout in the 61 kg category, Bajrang got a chance to contest in the Repêchage round. His first opponent in the repêchage round was Reece Humphrey of the USA whom he beat 6-0 easily. The second repêchage opponent was Beka Lomtadze from Georgia who put up a fight but was ultimately overcome 13-6 by the Indian. Unfortunately, he fell at the last hurdle, drawing the bronze medal bout 6-6 but his opponent Vasyl Shuptar of Ukraine, scoring the last point. Asian Wrestling Championship 2017
In 2017 May, he won a gold medal at the Asian Wrestling Championship held at Delhi. Pro Wrestling League
Bajrang was the second acquisition of the JSW owned Bangalore franchise in the auction conducted in New Delhi. The wrestler was picked up for a sum of Rs 29.5 lakh.The Pro Wrestling League was scheduled to be held from 10 December to 27 December across six cities. 2018 Commonwealth Games
In Gold Coast, Australia, he won the gold medal in the men's freestyle 65 kg category. He overcame Kane Charig of Wales by Technical Superiority to clinch the gold. 2018 Asian Games
On August 19, he won the Men's freestyle 65 kg /Gold medal. He defeated Japanese Wrestler Takatani Daichi 11-8; the score was locked at 6-6 after the first round. 2018 World Wrestling Championships
<mask> won Silver at the 2019 World Wrestling Championships. After that Silver Medal, he claimed World No.1 in 65 kg category. 2019 World Wrestling Championships
<mask> won Bronze for the second time at a World Championship, thereby qualifying India for the Tokyo 2020 Olympics in the 65 kg freestyle wrestling event. 2020 Rome Ranking Series

On 18 January, <mask> defeated Jordan Oliver 4-3 in the final in the 65 kg freestyle


texts:
 category at the Ranking Series. 2021

In 2021, he won the gold medal in the 65 kg event at the Matteo Pellicone Ranking Series 2021 held in Rome, Italy. 2020 Tokyo Olympic
On 6 August 2021, he won the pre-quarterfinal match in 65 Kg category in 2020 Summer Olympics against Ernazar Akmataliev and his quarter-final match against Morteza Ghiasi Cheka. In the bronze medal match he dominated his opponent winning by a margin of 8-0.

International competitions

World Championship

U23 World Championship

Asian Games

Commonwealth Games

Asian Wrestling Championship

Olympics

Record against opponents

Beka Lomtadze(?) Awards

 Arjuna Award, 2015
Padma Shri Award, 2019
 Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award, 2019
FICCI India Sports Award 2020

For winning the bronze medal at the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympics
  from the Government of India.from the Government of Haryana. from the Board of Control for Cricket in India
 from the Indian Olympic Association

References

External links
 FILA profile

Living people
Indian male sport wrestlers
1994 births
Sport wrestlers from Haryana
People from Jhajjar
Wrestlers at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Wrestlers at the 2014 Asian Games
Asian Games medalists in wrestling
World Wrestling Championships medalists
Asian Games gold medalists for India
Asian Games silver medalists for India
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for India
Commonwealth Games medallists in wrestling
Medalists at the 2014 Asian Games
Wrestlers at the 2018 Asian Games
Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games
Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports
Recipients of the Khel Ratna Award
Recipients of the Arjuna Award
Asian Wrestling Championships medalists
Wrestlers at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic wrestlers of India
Olympic bronze medalists for India
Medalists at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in


texts:
<mask> (August 6, 1909 – August 27, 2001) was an Austrian pianist. Schnabel was the son of pianist <mask> and operatic contralto and lieder singer Therese Behr and elder brother of the American actor <mask>. An internationally celebrated teacher of the piano, his students include, among others, Leon Fleisher, Claude Frank, Richard Goode, Kwong-Kwong Ma, Stanislav Ioudenitch, Jon Nakamatsu, Murray Perahia, and Peter Serkin. Biography
<mask> was born in Berlin on August 6, 1909. He began studying piano at the age of five. From 1922–1926 he studied at the Berlin Hochschule für Musik with Leonid Kreutzer and Paul Juon. He had a distinguished career as a master piano teacher and as an international performer.<mask> left Berlin in 1933 when Adolf Hitler came to power, settling briefly at Lake Como; he emigrated to the United States in 1939, shortly before World War II. In the same year he married the American pianist Helen Fogel (1911–74), with whom he played a large repertory of piano duets. They had a daughter, Ann. During World War II he interrupted his musical career to do war work as head of an electronic laboratory in Massachusetts. <mask>'s extra-musical interests included rock-climbing and photography. For several years, he was active producing motion pictures; in 1932, he was producer, director and cinematographer of a feature-length

masks:
Karl Ulrich Schnabel
Artur Schnabel
Stefan Schnabel
Karl Schnabel
Schnabel
Schnabel


texts:
 film based on a German fairy tale. As a young man, he participated in table tennis tournaments.During this time, <mask> <mask> also maintained an elaborate miniature electric train set, complete with timetables. Family friend Paul Hindemith assisted in running the trains. <mask> <mask> died in Danbury, Connecticut, on August 27, 2001. He was buried in the family plot in Schwyz, Switzerland, adjoining his parents and wife. <mask> <mask>'s papers are held at the Music Archive of the Akademie der Künste in Berlin. His daughter <mask> Mottier currently manages the Schnabel Music Foundation, together with her husband Francois Mottier. Performance career

Solo
<mask> <mask> inherited from his parents an approach that united dramatic intensity of expression with absolute fidelity to the printed text.He is remembered for his imaginative interpretation of the Schubert song cycles. In 1926 he made his recital début in Berlin, and subsequently gave recitals throughout Europe, North and South America, Russia, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand. He accompanied his mother at home and for concerts and recordings. Beginning at an early age he played for her voice lessons and coached her students. Schnabel made many recordings, solo and four-hand, for HMV, EMI, Philips, Musical Heritage Society, Sheffield, and TownHall, among others. He was the author

masks:
Karl Ulrich
Schnabel
Karl Ulrich
Schnabel
Karl Ulrich
Schnabel
Ann Schnabel
Karl Ulrich
Schnabel


texts:
 of the well-known book Modern Technique of the Pedal (1950). He also published editions of compositions by Schubert and Weber.Piano duos
Schnabel dedicated himself passionately to the revival of the largely neglected music for piano four hands, recording music by Schubert, Mozart, and Schumann, among others. Four-hand performance, Schnabel remarked, was an entirely different enterprise than solo performance: "Four-hand playing is a complex art that requires enormous time and patience. You are half of a whole rather than a whole in yourself. The four-hand repertory possesses qualities of chamber music, symphonic music, and virtuoso music -- sometimes all in the same piece." <mask> <mask> started duo performances and recordings with his father as partner. Some of these early performances are memorialized on record. The two switched Primo and Secondo parts, and made a pact never to reveal who played which part on the recordings.In 1939, he and his wife, American pianist Helen Fogel, founded the Piano Duo Schnabel, which performed concertos for two pianos and orchestra as well as recitals for one piano, four hands. In 1956, the duo participated at the Holland Festival in five performances with orchestra, and in 1972 they performed at the Edinburgh Festival. Reviews of the ensemble demonstrate that the Schnabels mastered the challenges of

masks:
Karl Ulrich
Schnabel


texts:
 four-hand playing with skill and passion: "The four hand piano concert [...] came closer to perfection than any recital we have heard this year [...] They achieved a sheer transparency of sound, at once the most important and the most difficult requisite of four-hand piano music. It is incredibly difficult for two people to play a piece on one piano and be exactly together in timing, phrasing, and expression, yet the Schnabels were beautifully together and made of every note a work of art." Five years after his wife’s death, in 1979, <mask> <mask> formed a new duo with the Canadian pianist Joan Rowland. This duo, as well, was regularly praised for what the Washington Post deemed its "combination of spirit and jaunty elegance." <mask> <mask> as a teacher
<mask> <mask> is best known today as an internationally celebrated teacher of the piano.He began teaching at the age of 13 as his father's assistant. In 1940, he became head of all the instrumental departments at New York City’s Dalcroze School. Beginning in 1947, he resumed a family tradition: annual international summer master courses at Lake Como, Italy. In addition, he taught master courses in England, Scotland, France, Italy, Germany, Austria, Spain, Israel, Brazil, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and all over the United States, including at the Ravinia Festival. He became a

masks:
Karl Ulrich
Schnabel
Karl Ulrich
Schnabel
Karl Ulrich
Schnabel


texts: faculty member at the Manhattan School of Music in 1985, and remained there until his retirement in 2000. Beginning in the early 1960s he taught numerous master classes throughout the world. Pianists who have played in Schnabel's master classes include Murray Perahia, Richard Goode, Wyung Whon Chung, Ursula Oppens and George Watson.His former students include Leon Fleisher, Claude Frank, and Peter Serkin. Edward Turgeon and Anne Louise-Turgeon, winners of the Murray Dranoff International Two Piano Competition, studied with <mask> <mask>burn competition winners Stanislav Ioudenitch (2001) and Jon Nakamatsu (1997). Schnabel's passion for teaching led him to theorize extensively about how to achieve the correct relationship between piano technique and musical expression--the former "was always to remain in the service of the spirit of the music." He emphasized a technique that required "arm participation": the pianist should use wrists and arms as well as fingers. He paid scrupulous attention to the subtle yet meaningful effects achieved through pedaling, setting these down in the book Modern Technique of the Pedal (1950). This volume has been translated from the original English into Italian, Korean, Chinese, and other languages. He even developed techniques to crescendo on a note and to achieve vibrato, which he explains on camera in

masks:
Karl Ulrich
Schnabelli


texts:
 the film Con Brio.<mask> Schnabel: Master Teacher of Piano (2001). Schnabel's teaching was characterized by a fine attention to emotion. Most pianists, he believed, played using just three or four emotions. But music demanded more than that: "To be really interesting, you must play with all the emotions." He asked his students to make lists of all the emotions they could think of. One of his students came up with a list of over five hundred emotions, and "her playing was never dull again." He also had a flair for imagery, describing the grotesque of Schumann's Fantasie as "a whole army of three-legged trolls advancing" and the turbulence of Chopin's Fantaisie as "Poseidon stirring up the waves with his big fork."Such vivid language features prominently in English author Richard Rhodes's new book The Teaching of <mask> Schnabel, in which Rhodes, a long-time amateur student of Schnabel's, discusses Schnabel's comments on works by Bach, Beethoven, Chopin, Mozart, Schubert, and Schumann. Discography

Piano solo
<mask> <mask>, Piano. Mozart and Beethoven. (CD: TownHall Records THCD-68)
<mask> <mask>, Piano. 100th Birthday Celebration. Schubert. (CD: TownHall Records THCD-69)
Bach: Capriccio on the Departure of a Beloved Brother, BWV 992.Paradies: Sonata No. 10 in D. (78 Victor 4293/4)
Mendelssohn: Songs Without Words, Nos. 12, 22, 23, 24,

masks:
Karl Ulrich
Karl Ulrich
Karl Ulrich
Schnabel
Karl Ulrich
Schnabel


texts:
 28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 45, 47, 48. (78 Victor Set M-226)
Schubert: Wanderer Fantasy. Twenty Dances. (LP: WCFM-Washington 17, McIntosh MM 1104)
Schumann: Papillons, Op. 2.Chopin: Scherzo No. 3 in C Sharp Minor, Op. 39. Liszt: Années de Pélérinage; Canzonetta del Salvator Rosa; Au bord d’une source; Sonetto del Petrarca No. 123; La Chapelle de Guillaume Tell. (LP: Urania 8001) (in part contained on CD: Town Hall, 2 Disc Set, THCD58 A-B)
Chopin: Polonaise in E Flat Minor, Op. 26, No.2; Nocturne in B, Op. 32, No. 1. Liszt: Il Pensieroso. Debussy: Preludes Book 1, La sérénade interrompue, La danse de Puck. (LP: VIS Radio)
Mendelssohn: Sonata in E Major, Op. 6.Schubert: Waltzes, Ländler, and German Dances. (LP: Sheffield/Town Hall M-8/S-8) (CD: Town Hall, 2 Disc Set, THCD58 A-B)
Schubert: Sonata in A Minor, Op. 42; Six moments musicaux. (LP: Musical Heritage Society MHS 1245)
Mozart: Fantasy in C Minor, K. 475; Piano Sonata in C Minor, K. 457; Andante in F Major, K. 616. (LP: Musical Heritage Society MHS 1700)
Beethoven: Sonata No. 15 in D Major, Op. 28; Sonata No.30 in E Major, Op. 109. (LP: Musical Heritage Society MHS 3296 L)

Collaborations

with Artur <mask>, piano
Schubert: Marches Militaires (3), D. 733. Marches, D. 819, Nos. 2 and 3. Rondo in A, D. 951. Divertissement à l’hongroise, D. 818.Andantino Varié, D. 823, No. 2. Allegro in A


texts:
 Minor (“Lebensstürme”), D. 947. (CD: Arabesque Z-6571/5 – “Schnabel Plays Schubert” Volumes 1-5)
Bach: Concerto for Two Pianos in C, BWV 1061. London Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Sir Adrian Boult. (CD: Pearl 9399)
Mozart: Concerto for Two Pianos in E Flat, K. 365. London Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Sir Adrian Boult.(CD: Arabesque Z 6590)

with <mask>, piano
Helen and <mask> Schnabel – One Piano, Four Hands; Mozart, Dvorak, Schubert, Weber, Bizet, Mendelssohn, Brahms. (CD: TownHall Records THCD19A-B)
Helen and <mask> <mask> – The Four-Hand Recordings of the 1950s, Vol. 1. Bizet, Debussy, Schubert, Mozart. (CD: TownHall Records THCD76A-B)
Helen and <mask> <mask> – The Four-Hand Recordings of the 1950s, Vol. 2. Mozart, Brahms, Schubert, Mendelssohn, Weber.(CD: TownHall Records THCD77A-B)
Schubert: Sonata in B Flat Major, Op. 30; Four Polonaises, D. 824. (LP: SPA 49)
Mendelssohn: Allegro brilliant; Andante and Variations. Weber: Five Pieces, Op. 10, No. 5 and Op. 60, Nos.5, 6, 7 and 8. (LP: SPA 50)
Mozart: Concerto for Two Pianos in E Flat, K. 365; Concerto for Three Pianos in F, K. 242 (with Ilse von Alpenheim, piano). Vienna Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Bernhard Paumgartner. (LP: Epic LC 3259)
Mozart: Sonata in D Major, K. 448. Sonata in D Major, K. 381. Tema con variazioni in G Major, K. 501. (LP: Philips A 00326)
Schubert:

masks:
Helen Schnabel
Karl Ulrich
Karl Ulrich
Schnabel
Karl Ulrich
Schnabel


texts:
 Four Polonaises, D. 824.Debussy: Epigraphes antiques, Nos. 1, 2 and 4. (LP: Philips NBE 11004; Philips 402024 E)
Schubert: Eight Variations in A Flat, D. 813. Four Variations in B Flat, D. 603. Eight Variations in C, D. 908. (LP: Philips 06046 R)
Schubert: Fantasy in F. Minor, D. 940. Brahms: Hungarian Dances Nos.4, 3, 2, 11, 1, 12, 13 and 17. (LP: Philips N 00255 L, Epic LC 3183)
Mozart: Sonata in C Major, K. 521. Dvorák: Legend Op. 59, No. 4. Schubert: Fantasy in F Minor, Op. 103.Weber: Rondo and Adagio. Schubert: Sonata in B Flat Major, Op. 30. Mozart: Andante with Variations in G Major, K. 501. Bizet: Five Pieces from “Jeux d’enfants,” Op. 22. Mendelssohn: Andante tranquillo with Variations, Op.83a. Brahms: Two Hungarian Dances. (LP: Sheffield/Town Hall, Album S-19, ACM158A-B, ACM159A-B)

with Joan Rowland, piano
Dvorák: From the Bohemian Forest, Op. 68. Ten Legends, Op. 59. (CD: Town Hall THCD-49)
Schubert: Fantasy in F Minor, D. 940.Four Polonaises, D. 824. Variations in A Flat on an Original Theme, D. 813. Four Ländler, D. 814. Rondo in D Major, D. 608. (CD: Sheffield Lab 10054-2F)
Mozart: Sonata in F Major, K. 497. Schubert: Divertissement (Sonata in E minor) on Original French Themes Op. 63 and Op.84 D. 823. Schubert: Eight Variations on a Theme from Hérold’s Opera “Marie” Op. 82, No. 1, D. 908. (CD: Town Hall


texts:
 THCD-41)
Schubert: Introduction and Variations in B Flat, D. 603. Grand Duo, Op. 140.(CD: Town Hall THCD-37)
Beethoven: Variations on a theme by Count Waldstein; March in C Major, Op. 45, No. 4; Mozart: Sonata, F Major, K. 497 (LP: Sonic Arts)

with Leonard Shure, piano
Chopin: Rondo in C. (78 Victor 11618) (CD: Town Hall, THCD58 A)

with Alphonse Onnou, violin, and Robert Maas, cello
Schubert: Trio in B Flat, Op. 99. (78 Victor Set M-429)

with Artur Schnabel, Therese Behr Schnabel, and Helen Schnabel
The Schnabels – A Musical Legacy, Unpublished and Lost Historic Recordings. Mozart, Schumann, Schubert, C.P.E. Bach, J.S.Bach, Mendelssohn, Paradisi. (CD: TownHall Records THCD74A-B)

Further reading
Rhodes, Richard. The Teaching of <mask> Schnabel. Hofheim: Wolke, 2013. Schnabel, <mask>. Modern Technique of the Piano: A Piano Pedal Study. Milan: Edizioni Curci, 1950.References

Sources
William Glock. The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, edited by Stanley Sadie (1992),   and
web site of the Schnabel Music Foundation

External links
 web site of the Schnabel Music Foundation

1909 births
2001 deaths
Austrian classical pianists
Austrian Jews
Male classical pianists
Classical piano duos
20th-century classical pianists
Jewish classical pianists
20th-century male musicians
Musicians from Berlin
Berlin University of the Arts alumni
Manhattan

masks:
Karl Ulrich
Karl Ulrich


texts:
<mask> (born July 22, 1925) is a medical researcher involved with the discovery of messenger RNA, past chair from 1963-1972 of the department of medicine at Beth Israel Hospital in Boston, past dean from 1972–1984 of the Harvard School of Public Health, and co-founder and associate chief of the Division of Social Medicine and Health Inequalities at the Brigham and Women's Hospital, where he also he helped to launch and for this past decade has been the Associate Chief of the hospital's Division of Global Health Equity, and a founding head of the cancer division of Beth Israel Hospital (now Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center). He was a member of the team at the Pasteur Institute, Paris, led by Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod which first identified and described messenger RNA, and he was part of the team led by James Watson that was among the first to demonstrate messenger RNA in mammalian cells. <mask> was married for 60 years to Doris Bieringer, a librarian who co-founded a reference publication for high school libraries. <mask> is a member of the Board of Sponsors of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Patchogue, New York in 1925 to a Jewish family. His father was an immigrant from Lithuania who lost much of his family in the Holocaust. He enrolled in Harvard College in 1944, and received his medical degree in 1948 from the Harvard Medical School.He was trained there in clinical medicine, biochemistry, and molecular biology. Career
He has been a Harvard University faculty member since 1955. <mask> was the first Blumgart Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School and the physician-in-chief at Beth Israel Hospital in Boston, from 1963 to 1972. During his tenure there, Beth Israel became one of the first teaching hospitals to translate

masks:
Howard Haym Hiatt
Hiatt
Hiatt
Howard Haym Hiatt
Hiatt


texts:
 molecular and cell biology to clinical problems and to develop teaching and research programs in primary care. In 1972, <mask> was about to go to Yale as the dean of its medical school when the then-new president of Harvard University asked him to stay as dean of the Harvard School of Public Health. While he was dean from 1972 to 1984, the School strengthened and greatly broadened its work in quantitative analytic sciences, introduced molecular and cell biology into its research and teaching, began its program in health policy and management—the first in a public health school, and promoted integration of its teaching and research programs with those in other Harvard Faculties. Since 1985, he has been Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School and Senior Physician at Brigham and Women's Hospital.He helped develop the Research Training in Clinical Effectiveness Program, which trains physicians to carry out research on issues of quality and costs of medical care. His present research concerns social aspects of health. He helped launch and for the past ten years has been Associate Chief of the Division of Global Health Equity. <mask> is a member of the Board of Directors of Partners in Health and a member emeritus of the Task Force for Global Health. An accomplished physician, researcher, mentor, and teacher, and a leader in the field of human rights, his work has been widely published and has often appeared in both scholarly and lay publications. Publications
<mask> is a widely published author. His numerous research articles have appeared in such publications as the Journal of Molecular Biology, Journal of Biological Chemistry, the New England Journal of Medicine, and the Journal of the American Medical Association.He has written for the lay press in areas of disease prevention, health

masks: Hiatt Hiatt Hiatt


texts:
 services, and the health implications of the nuclear arms race. His book, Medical Lifeboat: Will There Be Room for You in the Health Care System? (published in January 1989 by Harper & Row) outlined methods for addressing some very basic problems of the American healthcare system. Professional associations

<mask> is a member of many professional associations, including the Association of American Physicians, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Society for Clinical Investigation, the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and the American Public Health Association. He also has served for several years on boards of Physicians for Human Rights (PHR) in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the Institute for Healthcare Improvement in Cambridge, Partners in Health in Boston, and the Gateway Institute for Pre-College Education Program. Awards
In 2011, Dartmouth College awarded <mask> an honorary Doctor of Science (D.Sc.) degree, noting his long career devoted to "improving health care services through care, teaching, research, and advocacy".Personal life
He was married to Doris Bieringer, a librarian who co-founded a reference publication for high school libraries; she died in 2007. His father-in-law, Walter H. Bieringer, was active in the Boston area's Jewish Community Council. Beringer served as president of the United Service for New Americans which helped to resettle European Jews in the United States after World War II, and also  served as vice-president of the Associated Jewish Philanthropies of Boston and as a member of a presidential committee which advised the Truman Administration on displaced persons before being named Head of Massachusetts Commission on Refugees in 1957. See also
 Comparative

masks: Hiatt Hiatt


texts:
 effectiveness research
 Messenger RNA

References

External links
 October 2011 video: beginning at 17:15, <mask>, who served as Dean from 1972 to 1984, discusses his tenure leading HSPH. <mask> discusses his life and his wife, Doris, whom he married after her education at Wellesley College
 Conaboy, C. 02-21-2013 Boston Globe feature on Dr. <mask>
 Harvard Medical School profile for <mask> H. <mask>
 Harvard Catalyst profile for <mask>. <mask>, includes very complete bibliography
 Harvard Public Health Review, 75th Anniversary Issues, Volume 11, shows <mask> as 5th Dean of HSPH, from 1972-1984, page 3, and pages 10-16 - Hiatt had urged closer community health cooperation between the Harvard School of Public Health and the local neighborhoods, including adjacent Mission Hill, Boston (page 11). Profile page for <mask> at Harvard Medical School's Department of Global Health and Social Medicine
 AHRQ 2008 list of AHRQ reward recipients
 Dartmouth College, 2011, <mask> awarded an honorary Doctor of Science (D.Sc.) from Dartmouth College
 Howard H. Hiatt Papers, 1940-2001 (inclusive), 1975-2001 (bulk), H MS c314.Harvard Medical Library, Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts. 1925 births
Living people
People from Patchogue, New York
Harvard Medical School alumni
Harvard College alumni
Jewish American scientists
21st-century American

masks:
Howard Hiatt
Howard Hiatt
Howard Hiatt
Howard
Hiatt
Howard H
Hiatt
Hiatt
Howard Hiatt
Howard Hiatt


texts:
<mask> (born May 18, 1958) is an American suspense author, anthology editor, comic book writer, magazine feature writer, playwright, content creator and writing teacher/lecturer. He was named one of the Today's Top Ten Horror Writers. Early life
<mask> was born in Kensington, Philadelphia, attended Frankford High School, and then went on to Temple University. Growing up in a rough neighborhood, he began learning martial arts at the age of 6. Career

Author
<mask>'s early work featured martial arts as a topic, such as Judo and You (Kendall Hunt 1990), Ultimate Jujutsu (Strider Nolan, 2002) and Ultimate Sparring (Strider Nolan 2003). In the next phase of his career, he departed from martial arts writing and wrote several books on the folklore and beliefs of the occult and paranormal, including The Vampire Slayers Field Guide to the Undead (Strider Nolan, 2000), written under the pen name of Shane MacDougall; Vampire Universe: The Dark World of Supernatural Beings That Haunt Us, Hunt Us and Hunger for Us (Citadel Press, 2006); The Cryptopedia, co-authored by David F. Kramer (2007); Zombie CSU: The Forensics of the Living Dead (2008); They Bite (also with David F. Kramer, 2009); and Wanted Undead or Alive (with Janice Gable Bashman, 2010). The Cryptopedia won the Bram Stoker Award for best nonfiction work.His first novel, Ghost Road Blues, won the 2007 Bram Stoker Award for Best First Novel. That book was the first of the Pine Deep Trilogy and was followed by Dead Man's Song (2007) and Bad Moon Rising (2008), all from Pinnacle Books. <mask> is also a freelance comic book writer, first for Marvel and later for Dark Horse and IDW Publishing. His first story, "Wolverine: Ghosts", was published as a backup story in Wolverine: Anniversary, April 2009. In August 2009 he became the regular writer for Marvel's Black Panther series, starting on the 7th issue, and he wrote

masks:
Jonathan Maberry
Jonathan Maberry
Maberry
Maberry


texts: Marvel Zombies Return: Wolverine. In 2010, he wrote Doom War and Marvel Universe Vs The Punisher, Marvel Universe Vs Wolverine, Marvel Universe Vs The Avengers; Klaws of the Panther, and Captain America: Hail Hydra. He moved to Dark Horse Comics and produced a single miniseries, Bad Blood, with artist Tyler Crook, which went on to win the Bram Stoker Award for Best Graphic Novel.His work for IDW Publishing includes two collections of V-Wars, a five-issue standalone series Rot & Ruin: Warrior Smart, and his latest series Pandemic. His bestselling work was the novelization of the 2010 film The Wolfman which starred Benicio del Toro, Anthony Hopkins, Emily Blunt, and Hugo Weaving. In March 2010, the novel reached #35 on the mass-market paperback section of The New York Times Best Seller List. It was nominated for and won the Scribe Award for Best Film Adaptation, issued by the International Association of Media Tie-in Writers. In 2010 <mask> began writing young adult post-apocalyptic zombie stories. His first prestigious award was for his first young adult novel, Rot & Ruin (2010, Simon & Schuster). It won the 2010 Bram Stoker Award for Best Novel, was named in Booklist's Ten Best Horror Novels for Young Adults, an American Library Association Top Pick, a Bram Stoker and Pennsylvania Keystone to Reading winner; winner of several state Teen Book Awards including the Cricket, Nutmeg and MASL; winner of the Cybils Award, the Eva Perry Mock Printz medal, Dead Letter Best Novel Award, and four Melinda Awards.It became the first of a new series of post-apocalyptic zombie thrillers such as Dust & Decay (winner of a 2011 Bram Stoker Award) Flesh & Bone (winner of a 2012 Bram Stoker Award), Fire & Ash, a collection of short stories, Bits and Pieces, Broken Lands, and Lost Roads, which will be released August 25, 2020. <mask> then launched a series called The Nightsiders

masks: Maberry Maberry


texts: that blends science fiction with horror. Book 1 of that series, The Orphan Army was named as one of the 100 Best Books for Children. A follow-up, Vault of Shadows was published in August 2016. The series for which <mask> is best known is the Joe Ledger Series, in which a Baltimore police detective is recruited into a Special Ops unit attached to the mysterious Department of Military Sciences, which is run by enigmatic Mr. Church. Each of the books in the series pits Ledger and his team against a different kind of extreme science threat. In the first novel, Patient Zero, the threat is a pathogen that turns people into zombies.In the second book, The Dragon Factory, the villains are geneticists using cutting-edge science to restart the Nazi master race eugenics program. The rest of the series follows with The King of Plagues, Assassin’s Code, Extinction Machine, Code Zero, Predator One, Kill Switch, Dogs of War; and Deep Silence. Maberry recently launched Rage, the first in the follow-up Rogue Team International series, also featuring Joe Ledger. A collection of Maberry's Joe Ledger short stories, Joe Ledger: Special Ops, was released by JournalStone. The series' main publisher, Griffin, released Joe Ledger: Unstoppable, an anthology of Ledger stories written by a variety of top suspense and mystery writers including Tim Lebbon, Scott Sigler, Steve Alten, Weston Ochse, Dana Fredsti, Christopher Golden, Joe McKinney, Jeremy Robinson, Javier Grillo-Marxuach, Sherrilyn Kenyon, Bryan Thomas-Schmidt, and others. In 2015 Maberry released a rare standalone novel, Ghostwalkers, based on the Deadlands table top role playing game. The book was nominated for a Scribe Award for best original novel based on a licensed property.His most recent standalone novel was Glimpse, published in March 2018 by St. Martin's Press. Glimpse is a chilling thriller that explores what happens


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 when reality and nightmares converge, and how far one will go to protect the innocent when their own brain is a threat. Another standalone, Ink, will be released by St. Martin's Griffin as a trade paperback in 2020. Although a standalone, Ink has elements of other books, including characters and locations from the Pine Deep Trilogy, and the appearance of Monk Addison and Patty Cakes from Glimpse. <mask> is also a prolific editor of anthologies in a variety of genre including dark fantasy (Out of Tune and Out of Tune Vol 2), science fiction/horror (The X-Files: Trust No One, The X-Files: The Truth is Out There, and  The X-Files: Secret Agendas, all from IDW Publishing); horror (Nights of the Living Dead, with George A. Romero); mystery pastiche (Alternate Sherlocks, with Michael Ventrella), political thrillers with horror (V-wars, V-Wars: Blood and Fire, V-Wars: Night Terrors, and V-Wars: Shockwaves), and an anthology of horror stories for teens (Scary Out There) which features original stories and poetry by R.L. Stine, Ellen Hopkins, Linda Addision, Ilsa J. Bick, and many others. In 2017 he published Devil’s Advocate, one of the first two books in the X-Files Origins series.<mask> wrote the story about a young Dana Scully, while colleague Kami Garcia (Beautiful Creatures), wrote Agent of Chaos, a young Fox Mulder story. Also in 2017, <mask> published Indigo, a collaborative work of fiction written with nine other authors including Charlaine Harris and Christopher Golden. Film and television
In May 2010, <mask>'s work was the basis of a television pilot written by Javier Grillo-Marxuach named "Department Zero", which was moved into active production by ABC Television. In April 2018, it was announced that Netflix greenlit a television adaptation of the V-WARS novels and comics. Following the series announcement, it was confirmed that <mask> would be credited as an

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 executive producer and creator for the Netflix series V Wars. Production for the first season began and ended in 2018 for a 10-episode first season. The series premiered on December 5, 2019.Other work
<mask> is a speaker for the National Writers Union, a writing mentor for the Horror Writers Association and the Mystery Writers of America, a member of the International Thriller Writers and president of the NJ-PA Chapter of the Horror Writers Association. <mask> is also a contributing editor for The Big Thrill, the monthly newsletter of the International Thriller Writers, and a founding partner of The Liars Club, a networking group of professionals in publishing and other aspects of entertainment. Personal life
<mask> holds an 8th degree black belt in Shinowara-ryu Jujutsu. In 2004 he was inducted into the Martial Arts Hall of Fame. : Endless Cravings of Supernatural Predators (August 2008)
Wanted Undead or Alive: Vampire Hunters and Other Kick-Ass Enemies of Evil (September 2010)
Judo and You: A Handbook for the Serious Student (Kendall Hunt, 1991, )
MacDougall, Shane (pseudonym) The Vampire Slayers' Field Guide to the Undead (Doylestown, PA: Strider Nolan Publishing, 2003, )
Shinowara-ryo Jujutsu: Student Handbook (1994, Vortex Multimedia)
Shinowara-ryo Jujutsu: A History  (1993, Vortex Multimedia)
Introduction to Asian Martial Arts (1993, Vortex Multimedia)
Self-Defense for Every Woman (1992, Vortex Multimedia)
The Joe Ledger Companion, with Dana Fredsti & Mari Adkins (2017, JournalStone)

Comics
Marvel Universe vs. The Punisher (with Goran Parlov, 4-issue limited series, Marvel Comics, October–November 2010, tpb, 112 pages, hardcover, January 2011, , softcover, June 2011, )
Marvel Universe vs. Wolverine (with Laurence Campbell, 4-issue limited series, Marvel Comics, June–August 2011, tpb, 112 pages, hardcover, November 2011, , softcover, May 2012, )
Marvel

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