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<mask> (6 July 1937 – 17 April 1986), was a South African writer who, though born in South Africa, is usually considered Botswana's most influential writer. She wrote novels, short fiction and autobiographical works that are infused with spiritual questioning and reflection. Biography
<mask> was born in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, the child of a "white" woman and a "non-white" man at a time when interracial relationships were illegal in South Africa. <mask>'s mother, <mask>, from the wealthy South African Birch family had been hospitalised for several years in mental hospitals following the death of her first child, a boy. She was in the huge mental hospital in Pietermaritzburg when she gave birth to <mask>. Although she was not allowed to keep the child, she did give the daughter her own name. Infant <mask> was first placed with white foster parents on the assumption that she was white.A few weeks later these parents realised that she was brown and returned her to the authorities. She was then placed with a mixed-race or "coloured" family, the Heathcotes, in a poor non-white area of Pietermaritzburg. Here, she grew up with a strict foster mother, Nelly Heathcote, and attended the local Catholic Church and primary school. She never quite realised that she was not a Heathcote. She enjoyed a near-normal childhood of her time and place, with the exception that her foster mother resented her love of books. When Bessie was twelve, after she had completed four years of primary school, the authorities moved

masks:
Bessie Amelia Emery Head
Bessie Amelia Emery
Bessie
Bessie Amelia Emery
Bessie
Bessie


type: original

texts: her to St. Monica's Home for Coloured Girls, an Anglican boarding-school in Durban. At first <mask> tried to run away and go home.Later she began to appreciate the wealth of books and knowledge that the school offered. At the end of her second year she endured the first great trauma of her life. The authorities abruptly told her that she was the daughter of a white woman, not Nelly Heathcote, and that she would not be allowed to return to her former home for the Christmas holidays. The young teenager was devastated and withdrew into herself. Two years later, at the end of 1953, <mask> passed her Junior Certificate examination. She went on to do a two-year Teacher Training Certificate at a nearby college while living at St. Monica's. Finally, at the beginning of 1956, the court declared her an adult; she was awarded a provisional teaching certificate; and she accepted a job as a teacher in a coloured primary school in Durban.During this time she developed close friendships with several of the white staff of St. Monica's, as well as several members of the "Indian" community, and her interest in non-Christian religions flourished, especially Hinduism. On the other hand, she had only a passing contact with the "black" African majority in Natal, who were overwhelmingly Zulu. In mid-1958, tired of her daily routines and dreaming of bigger things, <mask> resigned her job. She had a 21st birthday party with old friends, then took a train for Cape Town, where she intended to become a journalist. Cape Town and

masks: Bessie Bessie Head


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 Johannesburg

The young <mask> arrived in Cape Town at a moment when South Africa's urbanised non-whites were beginning to stir under the ever-more-restrictive laws of apartheid. Several mass-market newspapers and magazines already catered to their tastes, of which the weekly Drum was the most famous. <mask> sought employment instead with Drum's sister publication, the weekly Golden City Post.She worked there for almost a year, filing courtroom stories and other small tasks given to rookies in the newsroom. She wrote under her real name, <mask> Amelia Emery. Although Cape Town was then of a similar size to Durban, it was vastly more diverse and sophisticated, with a much longer history. It was and is the country's political capital, being the home to its Parliament. In Pietermaritzburg and Durban, <mask> had been a member of a small minority group, English-speaking Coloureds (mixed-race). In Cape Town she was suddenly a member of the largest local racial group — Coloured — but one that spoke Afrikaans in its daily life. Although she never became comfortable in this language derived from Cape Town's early Dutch settlers, she was soon able to get by.What she found more difficult to accept were the divisions in this community by skin tone and economic status. She was too dark to join the elite, so she preferred to associate with the workers and underclass in District Six, the large Coloured community that lived on the west side of Table Mountain, not far from the centre. Between her work and her lodgings in

masks: Head Head Bessie Bessie


texts: District Six, the young provincial newcomer quickly adopted to the style and pace of the big city. She also became more acutely aware of South Africa's many internal conflicts. In 1959 <mask> moved to Johannesburg to work on Home Post, another of Drum's sister publications; she was given her own column and a steady salary. Here she met such noted writers as Lewis Nkosi, Can Themba, and Dennis Brutus and experimented with her own independent writing. But her life-changing experiences at this time were coming into contact with black nationalist political writings, especially those of the Pan-Africanists George Padmore and Robert Sobukwe.One of Padmore's books "gave me a new skin and a new life that was totally unacceptable to conditions down there," she later wrote. She met Sobukwe and found him an overwhelming personal presence. She also came into contact with jazz and jazz musicians, developing an instant crush on the young Abdullah Ibrahim, aka Dollar Brand, who led the country's foremost jazz ensemble. The personal and political exploded in early 1960. <mask> joined Sobukwe's Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC) a few weeks before that party led a fateful mass protest in Soweto, Sharpeville, and other black townships. The Sharpeville massacre ensued, triggering decisive political and social changes in South Africa. Black political parties were banned and thousands of activists were arrested.<mask> worked briefly to support PAC prisoners before being arrested herself in an ugly incident of mutual betrayal among

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 PAC sympathisers. Although the charges against her were eventually dismissed, she soon spiralled down into a deep depression and attempted suicide. After a brief hospitalization, she returned to Cape Town, temporarily broken in spirit and disillusioned with politics. Around 1969, <mask> also began to suffer symptoms of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

After a year of lying low, <mask> reappeared in Cape Town's intellectual and political circles, associating with the multiracial intellectuals of the Liberal Party as well as with the agitators of the PAC. She began to smoke and drink. In July 1961 she met <mask>, a well-spoken young Coloured man from Pretoria who had many of the same intellectual interests as herself. Six weeks later they were married, and on May 15, 1962 their only child, Howard Rex <mask> was born.The infant was marked by a slight, then-unrecognised foetal alcohol disorder, one that was to affect him throughout his life. Both Harold and <mask> wrote articles at this time, most often for The New African, an upstart monthly published in Cape Town. <mask> also wrote a dramatic novella, The Cardinals, that went unpublished for thirty years. But mostly the Heads were poor and their marriage was deteriorating. Howard proved to be an unsmiling baby. In great frustration <mask> left Cape Town at the end of 1963 to live with her mother-in-law near Pretoria, taking Howard with her. When that relationship also broke down, <mask> had had enough.She applied for a teaching job in the neighbouring

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Head
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Harold Head
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Bessie
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 Bechuanaland Protectorate (now Botswana) and was accepted. Although she could not obtain a passport, a friend helped her to obtain a one-way exit permit. Toward the end of March 1964 she and her son boarded a train for the north. <mask> never saw South Africa again. Botswana

In 1964, abandoning her life in South Africa, she moved with her young son to Botswana (then still the Bechuanaland Protectorate) seeking asylum, having been peripherally involved with Pan-African politics. It would take 15 years for <mask> to obtain Botswana citizenship. <mask> settled in Serowe, the largest of Botswana's "villages" (i.e., traditional settlements as opposed to settler towns).Serowe was famous both for its historical importance, as capital of the Bamangwato people, and for the experimental Swaneng school of Patrick van Rensburg. The deposed chief of the Bamangwato, Seretse Khama, was soon to become the first president of independent Botswana. Her early death in Serowe in 1986 (aged 48) from hepatitis came just at the point where she was starting to achieve recognition as a writer and was no longer so desperately poor. Writing
Most of <mask> <mask>'s important works are set in Serowe. The three novels When Rain Clouds Gather (1968), Maru (1971), and A Question of Power (1973) all have this setting. The three are also autobiographical; When Rain Clouds Gather is based on her experience living on a development farm, Maru incorporates her experience of being considered racially inferior, and A Question of Power draws on

masks: Head Head Head Bessie Head


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 her understanding of what it was like to experience acute psychological distress. <mask> also published a number of short stories, including the collection The Collector of Treasures (1977).She published a book on the history of Serowe, the village she settled in, called Serowe: Village of the Rainwind. Her last novel, A Bewitched Crossroad (1984), is historical, set in 19th-century Botswana. She had also written a story of two prophets, one wealthy and one who lived poorly called "Jacob: The Faith-Healing Priest". <mask>'s work focused on the everyday life of ordinary people and their role in larger African political struggles. Religious ideas feature prominently at times, as in the work A Question of Power. <mask> was initially brought up as a Christian; however, she was later influenced by Hinduism (to which she was exposed through South Africa's Indian community). Most of her writing took place while she was in exile in Botswana.An exception is the novel The Cardinals (published posthumously), set in South Africa. In some ways <mask> <mask> remained an outsider in her adopted country, and some discern she had something of a love-hate relationship with it. She struggled with mental illness and suffered a major psychotic episode in 1969, which led to a period of hospitalisation in Lobatse Mental Hospital. A Question of Power, which <mask> <mask> considered as "almost autobiographical" was written after this episode. Influences

Much of <mask>'s work was heavily influenced by Mahatma Gandhi, saying that

masks: Head Head Head Bessie Head Bessie Head Head


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 she had “never read anything that aroused my feelings like Gandhi’s political statements”. <mask> was strongly inspired by Gandhi and the way he clearly described present political issues. Reading his papers, <mask> was amazed by the work and came to the conclusion that Gandhi must be “God as a man”.Honours and awards
In 1977, <mask> attended the University of Iowa's International Writing Program, a very prestigious program that only a select number of writers from all over the world are invited to attend. In 2003 she was posthumously awarded the South African Order of Ikhamanga in Gold for her "exceptional contribution to literature and the struggle for social change, freedom and peace." Legacy
In 2007 the Bessie Head Heritage Trust was established, along with the Bessie Head Literature Awards. On 12 July 2007 the library in Pietermaritzburg was renamed the Bessie Head Library in her honour. The Bessie Head Papers are stored in the Khama III Memorial Museum in Serowe. Bibliography
 When Rain Clouds Gather – London: Gollancz, 1968. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1969.Heinemann, 1987. Macmillan Education, 2006. Maru – London: Gollancz, 1971. New York: McCall, 1971. Heinemann African Writers Series (101), 1972; 1987. A Question of Power – London: Davis-Poynter, 1973. New York: Pantheon, 1974.Heinemann (AWS 149), 1974, 1986. Penguin Modern Classics, with an introduction by Margaret Busby, 2002; Penguin African Writers, 2012. The Collector of Treasures and Other Botswana Village Tales – London: Heinemann, 1977.


texts:
 Cape Town: David Philip, 1977. Serowe: Village of the Rain Wind – London: Heinemann, 1981. Cape Town: David Philip, 1981. A Bewitched Crossroad: An African Saga – Johannesburg: Ad Donker, 1984.Tales of Tenderness and Power, ed. Gillian Stead Eilersen – Johannesburg: Ad Donker, 1989. Oxford: Heinemann, 1990. A Woman Alone: Autobiographical Writings, ed. Craig MacKenzie – Oxford: Heinemann, 1990. A Gesture of Belonging: Letters from <mask> <mask>, 1965-1979, ed. Randolph Vigne – London: South Africa Writers.Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Heinemann, 1990. Johannesburg: Wits University Press, 1991. The Cardinals. With Meditations and Short Stories, ed. Margaret J. Daymond – Cape Town: David Philip, 1993. Heinemann, 1996. Imaginative Trespasser: Letters between <mask> <mask>, Patrick and Wendy Cullinan 1963-1977, compiled by Patrick Cullinan, with a personal memoir – Johannesburg: Wits University Press; Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press, 2005.When Rain Clouds Gather and Maru, introduced by Helen Oyeyemi – London: Virago, 2010. The Lovers (Heinemann, 2011). Expanded and updated collection of short stories using Tales of Tenderness and Power as a basis. References

Further reading
 Brown, Coreen, The Creative Vision of Bessie <mask>. Rosemont Publishing & Printing Corp., Massachusetts; Associated University Presses, New Jersey, London & Ontario. 2003. Curry, Ginette."Toubab La! ": Literary Representations of Mixed-race Characters in the African Diaspora.Cambridge Scholars Pub., Newcastle, England.2007 .

masks: Bessie Head Bessie Head Head


texts:
 Giffuni, C. "Bessie <mask>: A Bibliography," A Current Bibliography on African Affairs, Vol. 19(3), 1986–87. Microsoft Encarta 98 Encyclopedia, 1993–97
 Ibrahim, Huma. Bessie <mask>: Subversive Identities in Exile (1996), Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. Eilersen, Gillian Stead.Bessie <mask>: Thunder Behind Her Ears - Her Life and Writings (Studies in African Literature) (1995), Cape Town: James Currey, ; (1996) London: Heinemann

External links

Bessie Head Heritage website
"Looking for Rain God" - A short story
Elinettie Kwanjana Chabwera, "Bessie <mask>: Race and Displacement in When Rain Clouds Gather, Maru and A Question of Power", Leeds African Studies Bulletin 66 (2004), pp. 58–62. Elinettie Kwanjana Chabwera, "Madness and Spirituality in <mask> <mask>’s A Question of Power", Leeds African Studies Bulletin, 71 (2009/10), pp. 59–70. Natasha Lloyd-Owen, "Pleasure, Autonomy and the Myth of the Untouchable Body in <mask> <mask>’s Maru", Leeds African Studies Bulletin, 73 (2011), pp. 46–52. Gillian Stead Eilersen, "Endpiece: A skin of her own", New Internationalist, Issue 247, September 1993.1937 births
1986 deaths
People from Pietermaritzburg
Coloured South African people
Botswana women writers
South African journalists
20th-century novelists
Recipients of the Order of Ikhamanga
Deaths from hepatitis
International Writing Program alumni
Botswana novelists
20th-century short story writers
20th-century women writers
South African women novelists
Botswana women short story

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<mask>. (; born December 2, 1991) is an American singer, songwriter, and record producer. His initial exposure came through the viral success of his song videos uploaded to YouTube. After initially signing with eleveneleven after performing on The Ellen DeGeneres Show, Puth began contributing to songs and albums for other artists, as well as creating lite solo material and covers of popular songs. With primary intent on a solo career, Atlantic Records and Artist Partner Group eventually sought the artist and released his debut single, "Marvin Gaye" (featuring Meghan Trainor), in 2015. His next single and first feature, "See You Again", which he co-wrote, co-produced, and performed with Atlantic label-mate Wiz Khalifa for the Furious 7 soundtrack as a tribute to actor Paul Walker. It peaked at number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 for 12 non-consecutive weeks. After the success of "See You Again", he gained worldwide recognition for multiple subsequent releases, including his next single, "One Call Away".The single reached number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100. Puth's debut studio album, Nine Track Mind, was released in January 2016 to moderate commercial success. The album was preceded by the singles "One Call Away" and "We Don't Talk Anymore" (featuring Selena Gomez), which peaked at number 12 and number 9 respectively on the Billboard Hot 100. In 2017, he released two songs, "Attention" and "How Long", with the former peaking at number 5 on the Billboard Hot 100. Both were included on his second studio album, Voicenotes (2018), with ameliorated critical reception and a peak of number 4 on the Billboard 200. In 2019, Puth released the singles "I Warned Myself", "Mother" and "Cheating on You". The following year, Puth released singles "Girlfriend" and "Hard on Yourself."Early life
Charles


texts:
 Otto <mask> Jr. was born December 2, 1991, in Rumson, New Jersey, to Debra, a music teacher who also wrote commercials for HBO, and Charles Otto <mask> Sr., a builder and real estate agent. His father is Catholic and his mother is Jewish. He has two younger siblings, twins Stephen and Mikaela. As a two-year-old, <mask>'s right eyebrow was permanently scarred in a nearly fatal dog-bite incident. <mask>'s mother introduced him to classical music and began teaching him the piano at age 4. He started studying jazz at age 10 and participated in a summer youth jazz ensemble at Count Basie Theatre's Cool School in Red Bank, New Jersey at 12. He was hired by The Count Basie Theatre to play in a <mask> Brown production.In grade six, he went door to door selling a Christmas album called Have a Very Charlie Christmas that he had recorded and produced, making $600 in sales. He attended the Holy Cross School, Rumson, and Forrestdale Middle School, before graduating from the Rumson-Fair Haven Regional High School in 2010. During his seventh grade to senior years, he attended Manhattan School of Music Pre-College as a jazz piano major and a classical studies minor. Puth graduated in 2013 from the Berklee College of Music, where he majored in music production and engineering. Career

2009–2014: Career beginnings
In September 2009, he started his own YouTube channel, entitled Charlies Vlogs, posting comedy videos and acoustic covers. In 2010, Puth released the music video of his first song, "These Are My Sexy Shades". In December 2010, he released his debut extended play, The Otto Tunes, an independent release.In 2011, he won an online video competition sponsored by Perez Hilton, Can You Sing?, with a version of Adele's "Someone like You" which he performed with Emily Luther. In the same year Ellen

masks: Puth Puth Puth Puth Charlie


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 DeGeneres announced that she had signed Puth and Luther to her label, eleveneleven, after seeing their performance of Adele's "Someone like You". Puth and Luther had performed the song on the show. In December 2012 he released a promotional single, "Break Again", with additional vocals by Emily Luther. The music video was released days later. On January 25, 2012, Puth and Luther performed the song and Lady Antebellum's "Need You Now" on The Ellen DeGeneres Show. Puth also performed at an event supporting DKMS Delete Blood Cancer, the world's largest bone marrow donor center, in October 2012.<mask> left eleveneleven in late 2012. On October 23, 2013, he released his second independent extended play, Ego, to streaming online. Puth was credited with the production and writing of songs and jingles for fellow YouTube personalities. He wrote the theme song for Shane Dawson's Shane and Friends podcast and skits, the intro jingle for the videos of the Vlogger family the SHAYTARDS, the original theme song for Charles Trippy's vlog Internet Killed Television, and a song for the tour and movie of YouTube group Our 2nd Life, as well as several singles for Our 2nd Life member Ricky Dillon. In 2014 he released the promotional single "L.U.V." The music video was directed by Andrew Vallentine In the same year, he co-wrote the song "Celebrate" on Pitbull's eighth studio album Globalization. 2015–2016: "See You Again" and Nine Track Mind

In early 2015, <mask> signed with APG/Atlantic and his previous records were removed from iTunes.In February 2015, <mask> released his debut single "Marvin Gaye", which features American singer-songwriter Meghan Trainor. The single has been certified 2× Platinum in Australia, topped the charts in New Zealand, Ireland, and the United Kingdom, and peaked at number 21 on

masks: Puth Puth Puth


texts: the US Billboard Hot 100. Puth wrote, co-produced, and was featured on a song with Wiz Khalifa, "See You Again", a tribute to the late Paul Walker, included in the Furious 7 soundtrack. While Khalifa wrote the rap lyrics, the rest of the song has been credited to Puth. The song peaked at number one on the Hot 100 chart for 12 non-consecutive weeks. "See You Again" was nominated for three Grammy Awards: Song of the Year, Best Pop Duo/Group Performance and Best Song Written for Visual Media. It was also shortlisted for the Song of the Year for the BBC Music Awards and was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song at the 73rd Golden Globe Awards.He produced the song "Slow Motion" for Trey Songz and has arranged sessions with Jason Derulo and Lil Wayne. Puth starred as Meghan Trainor's love interest in the music video for her song "Dear Future Husband," released in March 2015. In the video, she meets <mask> on an online dating service and he comes to Trainor's home with a carryout pizza, which succeeds in impressing her. On May 1, 2015, Puth released a five-song extended play, Some Type of Love. In June 2015, he released the promotional single "Nothing but Trouble" with Lil Wayne, from the soundtrack to the documentary 808: The Movie. During 2015, <mask> worked on several albums of other artists. He co-wrote and produced the "Broke" and "Pull Up" for Jason Derulo's album Everything Is 4, co-wrote "Bombastic" with Bonnie McKee from the album of the same title, and produced "Working Class Heroes (Work)" on CeeLo Green's album Heart Blanche.Pre-orders for Puth's debut studio album Nine Track Mind began on August 20, 2015, along with the second single "One Call Away". The song peaked at number 12 in the United States, 26 in the United Kingdom and 4 in Australia. , the song

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 has sold 513,700 copies domestically. Puth released a remix for the song, entitled "One Call Away (Coast to Coast Mix)", featuring American rappers Tyga and Ty Dolla Sign, country recording artist Brett Eldredge and Mexican singer Sofia Reyes. His debut album, Nine Track Mind, was released on January 29, 2016. The album debuted at number three in the United Kingdom. The album itself peaked at number 6 on the Billboard 200, receiving a score of 37 out of 100 on Metacritic, becoming the 15th worst reviewed album on the site.<mask> embarked his debut live concert, Nine Track Mind Tour, in March 2016. In 2016, <mask> was the first musician to sign a deal with Deutsch Music, a subsidiary of Deutsch Inc.

2017–2018: Voicenotes

On April 21, 2017, <mask> released the lead single, "Attention", from his second studio album, Voicenotes. The song peaked at No. 5 on the Billboard Hot 100 becoming his highest charting single on the chart as of June 2020. By the start of 2021, the YouTube video of the song had amassed over 1.2 billion views. The second single from Voicenotes, "How Long", was released on October 5, 2017 & peaked at No. 21 on the Billboard Hot 100.Puth also collaborated with One Direction's Liam Payne on the single "Bedroom Floor", which he co-produced and provided background vocals for. In 2018, he was featured on G-Eazy's single "Sober". On January 4, 2018, Puth released the first promotional single of off Voicenotes "If You Leave Me Now" featuring Boyz II Men. Puth also stated in a tweet that he would be pushing the release date to May 11, 2018, from its original release date of January 19, 2018. On March 15, 2018, "Done for Me" was released as the third single from Voicenotes. The song features singer Kehlani. The song also peaked at No.53 on the Billboard Hot 100. On March 25,


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 2018, Puth released the fourth single "Change" featuring James Taylor. A day earlier, Puth sang the song at the March for Our Lives event in Los Angeles. The album also features the songs "The Way I Am" the fifth single off the album. Voicenotes was released on May 11, 2018, to generally positive reviews from critics; it debuted and peaked at number four on the US Billboard 200 with 58,000 album-equivalent units, of which 39,000 were pure album sales. Puth embarked on the Voicenotes Tour in 2018, with Hailee Steinfeld as a special guest. 2019–present: New music and Charlie
On August 13, 2019, a remix version of the 5 Seconds of Summer song "Easier" with Puth (who also co-wrote and produced the original version) was released.On August 21 of the same year, Puth released a single called "I Warned Myself"; another single, "Mother", was released on September 12. A third single, "Cheating on You", was released on October 1, 2019. Puth would later reveal in an interview with Zane Lowe that he "didn't really like any of the music" he released in 2019. "I felt like I was kind of pretending to be a cool guy," he said of the singles. On April 17, 2020, Puth appeared on a remix of Gabby Barrett's "I Hope" and performed the song live alongside her at the 54th Annual Country Music Association Awards. The following day, he performed a song titled "Sick", which was made during the COVID-19 pandemic. In November 2020, Puth appeared in a remix version of Sasha Sloan's "Is It Just Me?".On September 22, 2021, <mask> released a song with Elton John titled "After All" as part of John's album The Lockdown Sessions. On January 20, 2022, Puth released "Light Switch", the first single of his third studio album Charlie, due out later in 2022. Personal life
Growing up, Puth was bullied at school. He has said,


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 "They would team up against me so bad and they would kick me in a place that wouldn't feel fantastic and I would need to throw up and they would then say I was pretending to throw up." On On Air with Ryan Seacrest he said he had suffered a nervous breakdown from "just being overworked—and I'm in my head a lot and that, in combination with jetlag and, you know, the self-realization that I am getting more famous and my privacy goes out the window pretty much every day—it's just not what I'm used to, and I don't think I'm ever going to be used to it, and my therapy is to just put melody to it and sing it." Puth has collaborated with clothing brand Hollister Co. since 2017. Puth has said that Justin Bieber's "viral leap into superstardom as a result of YouTube" influenced him to attempt the same.Discography

 Nine Track Mind (2016)
 Voicenotes (2018)
  <mask>  (2022)

Filmography

Awards and nominations

Concert tours
Headlining
 Nine Track Mind Tour (2016)
 Don't Talk Tour (2016)
 Voicenotes Tour (2018)

Co-headlining
 Jingle Ball Tour 2015  (2015)
 Jingle Ball Tour 2016  (2016)
 Summertime Ball Tour 2017  (2017)
 Jingle Ball Tour 2017  (2017)
Jingle Ball Tour 2019  (2019)
Supporting
 Illuminate World Tour  (2017)

See also
 List of artists who reached number one in the United States

References

External links

1991 births
Living people
21st-century American singers
Berklee College of Music alumni
American male singer-songwriters
Record producers from New Jersey
Singer-songwriters from New Jersey
Atlantic Records artists
Jewish American songwriters
Jewish singers
People from Rumson, New Jersey
Rumson-Fair Haven Regional High School alumni
American contemporary R&B singers
American male pop singers
American pop rock singers
21st-century American male singers
21st-century


texts:
Major-general <mask>, 1st Baronet of Pitforthy, 1st Baronet of Ochterlony GCB (12 February 175815 July 1825) was a Massachusetts born military officer of the East India Company in British India. He held the powerful post of British Resident to the Mughal court at Delhi. Biography

Background
<mask> was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the eldest son of Captain <mask> (also Ochterloney) and his wife, Katherine Tyler. His father was born into an ancient family in Forfarshire, Scotland, and his mother was born in Boston to settlers of English and Welsh descent. His mother was the niece of Sir William Pepperrell. He had two younger brothers, Gilbert and Alexander, and a sister, Catherine. Captain <mask> died in the Saint Vincent, West Indies, in 1765, after which his widow moved to England and his mother remarried to Sir Isaac Heard, Garter King-of-Arms.He attended the Boston Latin School and Dummer Charity School (now known as The Governor's Academy) in nearby Byfield, Massachusetts. Career in India
In 1777, at age 18, Ochterlony went as a cadet to India. In February 1778 he was commissioned into the Bengal Native Infantry as an ensign and that same September was advanced to lieutenant. In June 1782 whilst serving in the Second Anglo-Mysore War he was wounded and taken prisoner. He remained in captivity for the duration of the war, and was only released when peace resumed in 1784. He thereafter returned to Calcutta, and in recognition of his eminent service during the war was conferred with the appointment of Judge Advocate-General for one of the divisions in the army. In 1796 he was promoted to Captain and in 1800 to

masks:
Sir David Ochterlony
David Ochterlony
David Ochterlony
Ochterlony


texts: Major.In early 1803, he was appointed Lieutenant General and accompanied Lord Lake throughout the Second Anglo-Maratha War. He was present at the battles of Koil, Aligarh and Delhi. Following the battle of Delhi he was appointed Resident at Delhi. In 1804, he defended the city with a very inadequate force against an attack by Yashwantrao Holkar which earned him the highest approbation from the Commander-in-Chief. He was thereafter given the command at Allahabad and then commanded a force on the banks of the Sutlej to check the expansion of the Sikhs. He was promoted to Major-general in 1814. On the outbreak of the Anglo-Nepalese War in 1814 he was given the command of one of four converging columns.His was regarded as the only truly successful column throughout the war. He was subsequently promoted to the command of the main force in its advance on Kathmandu, and outmaneuvered the Gurkhas by a flank march at the Kourea Ghat Pass, brought the war to a successful conclusion and obtained the signature of the Treaty of Sugauli, which dictated the subsequent relations of the British with Nepal. In return for his services during the war, he became a Knight Commander of the Bath, the first time the honor had been conferred on an officer of the British military in India, and was granted a baronetcy in November 1815. The following month he was given a pension of £1,000 per annum. In December 1816 he was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath. In 1818 he was appointed Resident in Rajpootana, with which the Residency at Delhi was subsequently combined. In the Pindari War between 1818 and 1819 he commanded the


texts:
 Rajputana column and made a separate agreement with Amir Khan.He detached him from the Pindaris, and then, interposing his own force between the two main divisions of the enemy, brought the war to an end without an engagement. He was afterwards made Resident and Political Agent of Malwa, thus having the entire superintendency of the affairs of central India. During this period he encountered and engaged in an ongoing personal feud with James Tod, which was based most likely on the power politics within the hierarchy of the East India Company. Death
When Durjan Sal revolted in 1825 against Balwant Singh, the infant Raja of the Princely state of Bharatpur, Ochterlony acting on his own accord supported the young Raja by proclamation and ordered out a force to support him. However, the Governor-General of India, Lord Amherst, repudiated these proceedings and ordered the army to return. Ochterlony, who was bitterly chagrined by this rebuff, resigned his office, and retired to Delhi. He was to be replaced by his good friend Sir Charles Metcalfe.The feeling that the confidence which his length of service merited had not been given him by the governor-general is said to have accelerated his death, and he died at Meerut in July 1825. He is interred in St. John's Church in Meerut. The Ochterlony column at Calcutta commemorated his name, though it has since been rededicated. Private life

As the official British Resident at Delhi, <mask>y adopted and thoroughly embraced Indo-Persian culture of Mughals. He was reputed to have thirteen Indian concubines (as seen by the British) or wives (as seen by others). Every evening, he


texts:
 used to take all thirteen of his wives on a promenade around the walls of the Red Fort, each on the back of her own elephant. Mubarak Begum
The most prominent among Ochterlony's women was Bebee Mahruttun Mubarak ul Nissa Begum, Nicknamed "Generallee Begum", she was Ochterlony's favorite and the mother of his youngest children.As such, she took clear precedence over the rest of the household. She was considered to be a devout Muslim, having once applied for leave to make the hajj to Mecca. Although much younger than Ochterlony, Mubarak was seen as the dominant personality in the relationship. This led one observer to remark that "making Sir <mask> Begum". Another observer remarked that "Ochterlony's mistress is the mistress now of everyone within the walls. As a result of her influence, Ochterlony considered raising his children as Muslims, and when his two daughters by Mubarak Begum had grown up, he adopted a child from the family of the Nawabs of Loharu, one of the leading Muslim families of Delhi. Raised by Mubarak, the girl went on to marry her cousin, a nephew of the famous Urdu poet Mirza Ghalib.Mubarak even seems to have set herself up as a power in her own right, and even formed her own independent foreign policy. At one point, it was reported that "Mubarak Begum, alias Generalee Begum, fills the [Delhi] papers with accounts of the Nizars and Khiluts [gifts and dresses of honor] given and taken by her in her transactions with the Vacquils [ambassadors of the different Indian powers] - an extraordinary liberty, if true." However, in spite of all her power and high status, Mubarak Begum was widely unpopular


texts:
 among the British and the Mughals alike. She offended the British by calling herself "Lady Ochterlony" and on the other hand, also offended the Mughals by awarding herself the title "Qudsia Begum", a title previously reserved for the Emperor's mother. After Ochterlony's death, she inherited Mubarak Bagh, an Anglo-Mughal garden tomb Ochterlony had built in the north of Old Delhi, but her intense unpopularity combined with her background as a dancing girl ensured that no Mughal gentleman would use her structure. To this date, the tomb is still referred to by the local inhabitants of the old city as the "Rundi ki Masjid" (the Whore's Mosque). Descendants

Ochterlony had at least six natural (illegitimate) children, by two or more of his concubines:
 Roderick Peregrine <mask>, of Delhi (1785-d by 1823), his only son; he married 1808 Sarah Nelly, the daughter of Lt. Col. John Nelly of the Bengal Engineers, at Allahabad, India.Roderick and <mask> had three children. A daughter, <mask>, died in 1835 (death mentioned in The Gentleman's Magazine). Sir Charles Metcalfe <mask>, 2nd Baronet (1817–1891), who succeeded his grandfather by special remainder in 1825. He married in 1844 a Miss Sarah Tribe of Liverpool, and had as descendants three sons and two daughters. This creation became extinct on the death of the fifth Baronet in 1964. <mask> (d. 1835)
 [by Mubarak Begum] a daughter
 [by Mubarak Begum] a daughter

References

1758 births
1825 deaths
British East India Company Army generals
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
People from Massachusetts
American emigrants to the United Kingdom
The Governor's Academy

masks:
Ochterlony
Sarah Ochterlony
Charlotte Ochterlony
Ochterlony
Charlotte Ochterlony


texts:
<mask> (born August 13, 1991) is an American professional baseball outfielder for the Toronto Blue Jays of Major League Baseball (MLB). The Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim drafted him in the first round of the 2009 MLB draft from Lamar Consolidated High School in Rosenberg, Texas. He played five seasons in the Angels' minor leagues system, losing time to injury but also developing home-run hitting ability throughout. The Angels traded him to the St. Louis Cardinals in November 2013, and he made his major league debut on April 28, 2014. Grichuk can hit for power, and provides speed and strong defense. He plays all three outfield positions, possessing a strong arm and patrolling mainly right field in the minor leagues. Originally projected to be a first baseman before the draft, he improved his outfield defense and won the Gold Glove Award for all minor league right fielders in 2013.Early life and amateur career
In 2003 and 2004, <mask> participated in the Little League World Series for Lamar National of Richmond, Texas. He was featured in Sports Illustrateds "Faces in the Crowd" section in July 2005. <mask> attended Lamar Consolidated High School in Rosenberg, Texas. In 2008, as a Lamar Consolidated Baseball player, he was a First Team All-State OF and the All-Houston Area Most Valuable Player (MVP). That season, Grichuk batted .435 with 18 home runs and 45 RBI, leading the Mustangs to a school record 29 wins and a Regional Final appearance. In 2009, he was the 24-4A District MVP, Fort Bend Area MVP, 2009 1st Team All State OF, and 2009 1st Team All-American (EA Sports and Baseball America). In 28 games he hit .613 with 21 home runs, 46 hits, 46 RBI and 47 runs before Lamar was defeated in the third round of the playoffs.On his 28th birthday, <mask> revealed that

masks:
Randal Alexander Grichuk
Grichuk
Grichuk
Grichuk


texts:
 he is of Czechoslovak & Russian descent. Professional career

Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim (2009–13)
<mask> committed to attend the University of Arizona. The Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim drafted <mask> in the first round, with the 24th overall selection, in the 2009 MLB draft, one selection ahead of Mike Trout. <mask> signed with the Angels, rather than attend college. A series of three unusual injuries delayed the outfield prospect's development. First, he tore a ligament after just 12 games in . Second, he batted a foul ball that fractured his knee cap.Finally, while diving for a ball, he broke his wrist. In 2012, his first full season, Grichuk played 135 games and batted .298 with 18 home runs and 71 runs batted in with the Class-A Inland Empire 66ers. After a promotion to the Double-A Arkansas Travelers in 2013, he made 128 appearances, batting .256 with 22 home runs and 64 RBI. In October 2013, Rawlings and MiLB announced <mask> was the recipient of the Minor League Gold Glove Award for right field. MLB.com ranked Grichuk as the Angels' No. 4 prospect after the 2013 season, and the club added him to their 40-man roster on November 20, 2013. Two days later, they traded him along with Peter Bourjos to the St. Louis Cardinals for David Freese and Fernando Salas.St. Louis Cardinals (2014–2017)

2014−15
<mask> began the 2014 season with the Memphis Redbirds of the Class AAA Pacific Coast League. The Cardinals promoted him to the majors for the first time on April 28, 2014, after he had slashed .310/.359/.529 with six walks and 17 strikeouts. He debuted as a defensive replacement in the outfield that day. Grichuk made his first major league start in center field the next day, collecting a single in five at-bats for his first major league hit. The Cardinals

masks: Grichuk Grichuk Grichuk Grichuk Grichuk


texts: optioned him back to Memphis shortly thereafter. On May 21, he showed the authorities what he could do with a big game-winning home run versus the Colorado Springs Sky Sox, giving an anonymous fan an autograph after the game. Shortly afterwards, the Cardinals recalled him to the big leagues on May 30.He improved his AAA numbers, slashing .315/.363/.589 with ten home runs. <mask> received the Cardinals' minor league system Player of the Month Award for May 2014. On June 7, he hit his first major league home run off Toronto Blue Jays' starter Mark Buehrle in a 5–0 victory. Grichuk produced a .944 on-base plus slugging percentage (OPS) in 44 spring training at bats in 2015 and made the major league club as a fifth outfielder. While lifting weights, he strained his lower back, halting his play on April 16 and prompting the Cardinals to place him on the 15-day DL. On May 16, the Cardinals activated him from the disabled list. After striking out five times on May 18, he followed up with two doubles and a triple the next night against the New York Mets, as the Cardinals prevailed 10–2.When Matt Holliday went on the DL in early June, that opened <mask>'s first legitimate opportunity for regular playing time in the major leagues, including all three outfield positions. From June 19–20 against the Philadelphia Phillies, he forged consecutive three-hit games, including hitting a home run in the first game, then two in the second. On June 30, he was a double short of hitting for the cycle in a 2–1 loss to the Chicago White Sox. His home run off Chris Sale traveled , however, and landed in the Big Mac Land section of Busch Stadium. Through that point in the season, it was the longest home run of the year there by a Cardinals player. Setting a new career high with six runs

masks: Grichuk Grichuk


texts:
 batted in on July 18, <mask> also homered twice in a 12–2 win over the Mets. On August 5 against the Cincinnati Reds, he doubled in the sixth inning and hit the game-winning home run in the top of the 13th at Great American Ball Park in a 4–3 game.After straining his right elbow, the Cardinals placed <mask> on the disabled list on August 17. The Cardinals reactivated him less than one month later. On September 10, he played center field against the Chicago Cubs, but was not permitted to throw as his elbow had still not fully recovered. After the season, he underwent surgery to repair a sports hernia. 2016−17

Out of spring training in 2016, Grichuk won the role as starting center fielder. He hit his first career walk-off home run on May 23 in a 4–3 win against the Cubs. With his overall offensive output in decline from the previous year, the Cardinals optioned him to, and recalled him from, Memphis on multiple occasions in 2016.On August 13, 2016 − his 25th birthday − <mask> hit his first career grand slam, providing the margin in an 8−4 win over the Cubs, and ending their 11-game win streak. He produced the game-winning RBI double on August 19 against Philadelphia Phillies in the 11th inning of a 4−3 win. Grichuk ended 2016 with a .240 batting average along with 24 home runs and 48 RBIs. On April 2, 2017, Opening Night versus the defending World Series champion Chicago Cubs at Busch Stadium, <mask> homered and hit a walk-off bases-loaded single in the bottom of the ninth. Toronto Blue Jays
On January 19, 2018, the Cardinals traded <mask> to the Toronto Blue Jays in exchange for pitchers Dominic Leone and Conner Greene. He began the season as Toronto's starting right fielder. On March 30, <mask> hit his first home run as a Blue Jay, which came on the first

masks: Grichuk Grichuk Grichuk Grichuk Grichuk Grichuk


texts:
 pitch he saw from Masahiro Tanaka in the second inning of a 4–2 loss to the New York Yankees.After batting only .106 with two home runs and seven RBIs in 25 games, he was placed on the disabled list with a right knee strain on April 30. He was activated on June 1. <mask> finished the season batting .245/.301/.502 and tied for first on the team in home runs with Justin Smoak with 25. On April 2, 2019, <mask> and the Blue Jays agreed to a five-year contract extension worth $52 million. In 2019, he led the team in both home runs (31) and runs batted in (80) despite hitting .232/.280/.457. With the 2020 Blue Jays, <mask> batted .273 with 12 home runs and 35 RBIs in 55 games. Awards and accomplishments
Awards
 Baseball America All-Rookie Team Outfielder (2015)
 Cardinals Minor League system Player of the Month (May 2014)
 Rawlings Minor League Baseball Gold Glove Award, right field (2013)
 Topps All-Star Rookie at outfield (2015)

Skills profile
In 2014, <mask> Grichuk was projected with potential as a power hitter in the major leagues possessing the athleticism and preparedness to handle center field well.At the plate, his most evident ability is to hit the ball with power and loft to all fields, easily give him potential for 20 or more home runs a season. With a smooth and compact stroke, his bat speed through the zone is at least average and frequently faster. His pitch recognition allows him the ability to work counts and he becomes more aggressive in hitter's counts. This approach yields lower-than-average walk rates but with a strikeout rate of less than 20 percent. One obvious weakness is that he misses easy pitches – such as high fastballs in the middle of the plate – that major league hitters rarely miss. According to Baseball America's Kary Booher, Grichuk

masks: Grichuk Grichuk Grichuk Randal


texts:
 possesses an athletic frame with average arm and enough range to profile into an outfield corner slot. Through 2013, he has shown a low walk rate but has enough balance and bat control to bat .260 or higher in the major leagues.<mask> drew widespread attention for his raw power and bat speed in 2015. As of August 11, 2015, the average exit velocity of all his batted balls on the season was seventh in the major leagues at . The average for all fly balls and line drives only was fourth at . Originally projected to be a first baseman, Grichuk expanded his versatility to the outfield thanks in part to extra preparation and a sleek and proportioned athletic frame. For what he lacks in the classic speed of center fielders, he mitigates with robust jumps and precise route running and positioning to easily anticipate the trajectory of – and catch – balls hit to the outfield. His arm strength and range allow him the ability to cut off runners at times from extra bases on the occasional plays for which he did not properly position himself. Personal
<mask> and his wife, Victoria, married in November 2020.They reside in Phoenix, Arizona. See also

 St. Louis Cardinals all-time roster

References

External links

1991 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
American people of Czechoslovak descent
American people of Russian descent
Arizona League Angels players
Arkansas Travelers players
Baseball players from Texas
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Cedar Rapids Kernels players
Dunedin Blue Jays players
Inland Empire 66ers of San Bernardino players
Major League Baseball center fielders
Memphis Redbirds players
New Hampshire Fisher Cats players
People from Rosenberg, Texas
Scottsdale Scorpions players
St. Louis Cardinals players
Toronto Blue


texts:
<mask>, OBE (; 19 April 1941 – 11 March 2020), also known as <mask>nr., was a French chef and restaurateur working in Britain. Along with his brother Albert, he opened Le Gavroche, later to become the first three Michelin starred restaurant in Britain, and The Waterside Inn, which was the first restaurant outside France to hold three stars for 25 years. <mask> followed his brother into becoming a pastry chef, and again to England in order to open their first restaurant. Together they have been described as the "godfathers of modern restaurant cuisine in the UK", and <mask> was inducted into several French orders, and received two lifetime achievement awards from different publications. He was decorated during a period of National Service for France during the 1960s. He founded the Roux Brothers Scholarship along with Albert in 1984, and worked as a consultant for companies such as British Airways and Celebrity Cruises over the years. After he and his brother split the business in 1986, <mask> took the Waterside Inn, which he handed over to his son, Alain, in 2002.He remained an active food writer and appeared on television shows such as Saturday Kitchen, MasterChef and the Roux family-centric series The Roux Legacy, and on the Woman's Hour programme on BBC Radio 4. Early life
<mask> was born on 19 April 1941 in Charolles, Saône-et-Loire, in a room above his grandfather's charcuterie (a delicatessen specializing in meat products). He moved to Paris with his family after the war, where his father <mask> set up his own charcuterie, after not taking over the family business in Charolles. His father gambled away all of the family's money, and the shop was closed to prevent it from going bankrupt. By the time <mask> turned ten, his father

masks:
Michel Roux
Michel Roux S
Roux
Roux
Roux
Michel Roux
Michel
Roux


texts:
 had left the family and was not heard from again. Career
Roux's older brother Albert had already become a patissier (pastry chef), and <mask> followed him into this field at the age of fourteen. He became an apprentice to Camille Loyal in Belleville, working seventy-hour weeks.<mask>'s tasks at the pâtisserie included making up to sixty galettes des rois over the course of three days for Epiphany. Albert found <mask> further employment as his apprenticeship ended. As Albert was working at the British Embassy in Paris as a sous chef, <mask> joined him there as the pastry chef for the Embassy. He moved on from there to become a chef in Philippe de Rothschild's service, while Albert moved to England to work there. Between 1960 and 1962, <mask> served his French National Service. He was first stationed at the Palace of Versailles, but was later posted overseas in Béchar, Algeria. He was awarded the Médaille commémorative des opérations de sécurité et de maintien de l'ordre en Afrique du Nord.<mask> nearly decided to give up cooking to become an opera singer, but instead followed Albert to London, despite not being able to speak English. He would later recall that people thought he was mad for travelling there in view of the fact that he considered the state of English cooking at the time to be horrific. In 1967 the brothers opened their first restaurant, Le Gavroche at Lower Sloane Street in London. The opening party was attended by celebrities such as Charlie Chaplin and Ava Gardner. For the following week, Chaplin was reportedly shuttled across London so he could eat there. In 1972 the brothers opened a second restaurant, the Waterside Inn, in Bray, Berkshire, and launched a catering business. In 1974, when Michelin stars were first

masks: Roux Roux Roux Roux Roux Roux


texts: awarded in the UK, Le Gavroche and the Waterside Inn both won a star, and when a number of restaurants won two Michelin stars for the first time in 1977, both Roux restaurants were among them.Le Gavroche moved to a new location in Mayfair in 1982, and in the same year became the first restaurant in the UK to be awarded three Michelin stars. The same rating for the Waterside Inn followed in 1985, but Le Gavroche went back down to two stars in 1993 and has not regained the three star level. In 2010, the Waterside Inn became the first restaurant outside France to have held three Michelin stars for a period of 25 years. The Roux Brothers Scholarship was founded by Albert and <mask> in 1984. It is an annual competition to select a single chef to send out as an apprentice. The first winner was Andrew Fairlie, and winners over the years have included Sat Bains (1999) and Simon Hulstone (2003). In 1986 the brothers split their restaurant business between them, following a disagreement over the direction that their joint business should take; Albert took Le Gavroche, while <mask> took the Waterside Inn.<mask> was a consultant to British Airways for twenty years between 1983 and 2003, and for Celebrity Cruises since 1990. The <mask> brothers' catering company was purchased by Compass Group in 1993, with Albert retained as a consultant. <mask>'s son, <mask>, currently runs the Waterside Inn in Bray, having taken over as chef patron in 2002. In July 2008, <mask> announced that he would move permanently to Crans-Montana, Switzerland, citing concerns about the state of public safety in Britain. He also owned a vineyard and house on the Cote d'Azur in France. Since 2014, <mask> worked with British baking company, Bakedin, as a consultant reviewing

masks:
Michel
Michel
Michel
Roux
Roux
Alain Roux
Roux
Roux


texts:
 and approving all recipes. Television and radio work
<mask> spoke out against entertainment-type cooking shows such as the 1990s cooking gameshow Can't Cook, Won't Cook, saying that "The way these people handle food is a crime.They don't even know the basics. Little attention is paid to detail. Instead, they are intent on having a giggle and a joke. They can do this without involving food." The <mask> brothers had a BBC television show, At Home with the Roux Brothers, in the early eighties. Together with his brother Albert, <mask> appeared on BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs on 26 October 1986. The Good Food channel aired a five-part series entitled The Roux Legacy in January 2012, which featured both brothers, along with their sons <mask>. and Alain.<mask> had also appeared as a guest judge on MasterChef: The Professionals, alongside his nephew <mask>, and on Saturday Kitchen alongside his son Alain. Legacy and awards
<mask> and his brother have been called the "godfathers of modern restaurant cuisine in the UK" by hospitality industry magazine Caterer and Hotelkeeper, while The Observer Food Monthly described him as "perhaps the finest pastry chef this country has ever had" when he was awarded their Lifetime Achievement Award in 2011. <mask> had previously won the Lifetime Achievement award from Tatler magazine in 2008. In a poll of UK chefs carried out by Caterer and Hotelkeeper magazine in 2003, the <mask> brothers were voted the most influential chefs in the country, and in 2004 <mask> was voted the AA Chef's Chef. Many well known chefs have been trained by one or the other of the <mask> brothers, with <mask> estimating in 2010 that "Half of the Michelin star-holders in Britain come from either my brother's kitchen or my

masks:
Roux
Roux
Roux
Michel Jr
Roux
Michel Jr
Roux
Roux
Roux
Michel Roux
Roux
Michel


texts:
 kitchen". These have included Gordon Ramsay, Marco Pierre White, and Pierre Koffman. <mask> was awarded the Meilleur Ouvrier de France en Pâtisserie in 1976.He was a member of several orders in France. In 1987, he was inducted into the National Order of Merit as a Chevalier (knight), and into the Mérite agricole as an officer. In 1990 he was made a Chevalier in the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, and in 2004 the Legion of Honour followed. Outside France he was made an honorary Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 2002, and was made an honorary Doctor of Culinary Arts by the University of Rhode Island in the same year. Personal life
<mask> was the brother of <mask>. <mask> had a son named <mask>, while Albert's son is also named <mask>. When Alain was ten years old, <mask> and his wife divorced, with his wife taking British-born Alain and his two sisters to France.Alain would visit during the school holidays and work with <mask> in the kitchens, and decided at the age of fourteen that he wanted to become a chef like his father. <mask> met his second wife (1984–2017) Robyn Joyce, after being set up on a blind date with her by former apprentice Leigh Stone-Herbert in Sydney, Australia. The relationship has been credited with opening the door to Australian chefs being trained by the <mask> brothers. <mask> died on the night of 11 March 2020, at home in Bray, Berkshire, aged 78, following a history of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. References

External links
Official website (archived)

1941 births
2020 deaths
People from Charolles
French emigrants to England
French chefs
Officers of the Order of Agricultural Merit
Head chefs of Michelin starred restaurants
Honorary Officers of the Order of the British Empire
French

masks:
Roux
Michel Roux
Albert Roux
Michel
Alain Roux
Michel Roux
Roux
Michel
Roux
Roux
Michel Roux


texts:
<mask> (born February 21, 1994) is a former American football running back. He was rated by Rivals.com and Scout.com as the No. 1 running back in the country and by Rivals.com as the No. 8 overall player in the Class of 2013. He played for the Michigan Wolverines football team from 2013 to 2015, gaining 898 yards and scoring seven touchdowns on 212 rushing carries. In January 2016, Michigan granted a transfer release to <mask>, allowing him to play for another program after graduating in the spring of 2016. High school career
<mask> was born in February 1994 and grew up in Richmond, Virginia.He played high school football at Hermitage High School. He began his football career as a "chunky high school freshman" and a 268-pound, 5 foot, 8 inch lineman. Over the next two years, he shed more than 50 pounds working on his diet along with his parents, Chris and Fran <mask>. By his junior year in 2011, <mask> had become one of the leading running backs in the country, rushing for over 1,500 yards and 20 touchdowns. Interviewed by ESPN in May 2012, <mask> described his running style as follows:"I was always downhill. If you look at my film, I'm not really a bounce guy. I'm a one-cut-and-go, real straight, north-south runner and I have the speed to kick it up in sixth gear.All that bouncing and shaking, I wouldn't say that was me. If you're in the way, I'm going to blow you up. I'm not going to try to shake you. At my school, they call me 'The Freight Train.' I like that a lot. I'm going to run you over and let you know I'm here. I'm coming."As a senior, he rushed for 1,350 yards and 21 touchdowns. Recruiting
<mask> was one of the most

masks:
Derrick Shaqueill Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green


texts:
 highly recruited players in the Class of 2013 – the group of players graduating high school and entering college in the year 2013. <mask> was rated by Rivals.com and Scout.com as the No. 1 running back in the country and by Rivals.com as the No. 8 overall player in the Class of 2013. Rival.com recruiting analyst Josh Helmholt described <mask> as "a downhill runner, a between-the-tackles guy." In July 2012, <mask> attended The Opening (Nike Combine) in Beaverton, Oregon.By that time, he had received scholarship offers from 40 universities and had narrowed his list to 13 schools: Tennessee, Michigan, Oregon, Ohio State, Ole Miss, Virginia Tech, Auburn, Clemson, Alabama, Miami, Pitt, Oklahoma State and Oklahoma. In mid-January 2013, <mask> announced that he had narrowed his choice to three schools – Auburn, Michigan and Tennessee. When <mask> called a press conference in late January 2013, it was web cast live by the Richmond Times-Dispatch. At the press conference, <mask> announced that he had verbally committed to play for the University of Michigan. He initially reached for a Michigan hat, then a Tennessee hat, and finally flipped a switch which prompted a screen to reveal a Michigan Wolverines football jersey. University of Michigan
<mask> was the highest-rated running back signed by Michigan since 2006. Tom Luginbill on ESPN called <mask>'s commitment "a defining moment for Michigan," noting that he "fits with what Brady Hoke and the staff want not only the identity of the offense to be but the identity of their program – physical, grind it out, pound away at you over the course of four quarters, wear you down.<mask> can

masks:
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Derrick Green


texts:
 wear down an opponent. He is physical. He's explosive. ... This is a guy they can build what they want their offense to be about." 2013 season
In the weeks leading up to the 2013 season, ESPN rated <mask> as one of its five Big Ten Conference first-year players to watch, one its Top 10 future college football stars, and the running back on its pre-season freshman All-American team. Commentator Phil Steele even picked <mask> as his pre-season All-Big Ten running back.Others raised doubts as to whether Michigan head coach Brady Hoke would bench veteran Fitzgerald Toussaint in order to get <mask> into the lineup. During pre-season practice in August 2013, <mask> reported to camp at 240 pounds, raising questions about a 20-pound weight gain since his senior season in high school. Running backs coach Fred Jackson predicted he would be down to 230 pounds by the time the season started. Jackson dismissed concerns about <mask>'s weight: "He's going to be as advertised. ... He's a big guy. Look at him from the back and the side, he's a huge human being."After being held out of practice for a week following an undisclosed injury, <mask> found himself in competition with Fitzgerald Toussaint for the role as Michigan's No. 1 running back. Michigan offensive coordinator Al Borges described his approach to using <mask>: "Teach him the run game and then teach him the pass game in pieces so you can then be functional as you go. You can play a freshman running back as long as you don't inundate him with so much information that it becomes disinformation, you know. But I've had a bunch of tailbacks come in and play as freshmen and didn't give

masks: Green Green Green Green Green Green Green


texts:
 them too much. But by the fifth, sixth game of the season, they could handle all of it. Very few could handle it in game one."2014 season
Prior to the start of the 2014 season, <mask> was in competition with De'Veon Smith to become the Wolverines' starter at running back. In the opening game of the 2014 season, a 52–14 victory over Appalachian State, <mask> carried the ball 15 times for 170 yards, an average of 11.3 yards per carry. He also scored a touchdown and had a career-long run of 62 yards. De'Veon Smith also rushed for 115 yards in the game, as <mask> and Smith became the first pair of Michigan running backs to rush for over 100 yards in the same game since 2007. During the second week of the 2014 season, <mask> was held to 25 yards on 13 carries (1.9 yards per carry) in a 31–0 loss to Notre Dame. He rebounded in the third week of the season with 137 yards and two touchdowns on 22 carries (6.2 yards per carry) in a 34–10 victory over Miami (Ohio). On October 4, 2014, in a game against Rutgers, <mask> broke his clavicle in the fourth quarter.2015 season
In 12 games during the 2015 season, <mask> had 47 carries for 157 yards and two touchdowns. On January 15, 2016, Michigan announced that it had granted a transfer release to <mask>, allowing him to play for another program after graduating in the spring of 2016. 2016 season
<mask> announced he was transferring from Michigan for the 2016 season. References

External links
TCU Horned Frogs bio

1994 births
Living people
American football running backs
Michigan Wolverines football players
TCU Horned Frogs football players
Players of American football from Richmond,

masks: Green Green Green Green Green Green Green Green


texts:
<mask> (also Leijster; baptised July 28, 1609 – February 10, 1660) was a Dutch Golden Age painter. She painted genre works, portraits and still lifes. Although her work was highly regarded by her contemporaries, <mask> and her work became almost forgotten after her death. Her entire oeuvre was attributed to Frans Hals or to her husband, Jan Miense Molenaer, until 1893. It wasn't until the late 19th century that she was recognized for her artistic abilities. Biography
<mask> was born in Haarlem, the eighth child of <mask>, a local brewer and clothmaker. While the details of her training are uncertain, she was mentioned by contemporary Haarlem poet Samuel Ampzing in his book Beschrijvinge ende lof der stadt Haerlem (1628).Some scholars speculate that <mask> pursued a career in painting to help support her family after her father's bankruptcy. She may have learned painting from Frans Pietersz de Grebber, who was running a respected workshop in Haarlem in the 1620s. During this time her family moved to the province of Utrecht, and she may have come into contact with some of the Utrecht Caravaggisti. Her first known signed work is dated 1629. By 1633, she was a member of the Haarlem Guild of St. Luke. There is some debate as to who was the first woman registered by the Guild, with some sources saying it was <mask> in 1633 and others saying it was Sara van Baalbergen in 1631. Dozens of other female artists may have been admitted to the Guild of St. Luke during the 17th century; however, the medium in which they worked was often not listed – at this time artists working in embroidery, pottery painting, metal and wood were included in guilds – or they were included for continuing the work of their deceased husbands.It has been suggested that <mask>'s Self-Portrait, c. 1633 (National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.), may have been her presentation piece to the Guild. This work marks a shift from the

masks:
Judith Jans Leyster
Leyster
Leyster
Jan Willemsz Leyster
Leyster
Leyster
Leyster


texts: rigidity of earlier women's self-portraits toward a more relaxed, dynamic pose. It is very relaxed by the standards of other Dutch portraits and comparable to some of Frans Hals's work. However, it seems unlikely that she wore such formal clothes when painting in oils, especially the very wide lace collar. Within two years of entering the Guild, <mask> had taken on three male apprentices. Records show that <mask> sued Frans Hals for accepting a student who left her workshop for his without first obtaining the Guild's permission. The student's mother paid <mask> four guilders in punitive damages, only half of what <mask> asked for, and Hals settled his part of the lawsuit by paying a three-guilder fine rather than return the apprentice.<mask> herself was fined for not having registered the apprentice with the Guild. Following her lawsuit with Frans Hals, <mask>'s paintings received greater recognition. In 1636, <mask> married Jan Miense Molenaer, a more prolific artist than herself who worked on similar subjects. In hopes of better economic prospects, the couple moved to Amsterdam where Molenaer already had clients. They remained there for eleven years before returning to Heemstede in the Haarlem area. There they shared a studio in a small house located in the present-day Groenendaal Park. <mask> and Molenaer had five children, only two of whom survived to adulthood.Most of <mask>'s dated works antedate her marriage and are dated between 1629 and 1635. There are few known pieces by her painted after 1635: two illustrations in a book about tulips from 1643, a portrait from 1652, and a still life from 1654 that was discovered in a private collection in the 21st century. <mask> may have worked collaboratively with her husband as well. She died in 1660, aged 50. She was buried at a farm just outside of Haarlem, and her artwork not on display or recognized as hers for close to 200 years. The fact

masks: Leyster Leyster Leyster Leyster Leyster Leyster Leyster Leyster Leyster Leyster


texts:
 that the inventory of her estate attributed many of the paintings to "the wife of Molenaer", not to <mask>, may have contributed to the misattribution of her work to her husband. Work

She signed her works with a monogram of her initials JL with a star attached.This was a play on words: "Leister" meant "Lead star" in Dutch and for Dutch mariners of the time it was the common name for the North Star. The Leistar was the name of her father's brewery in Haarlem. Only occasionally did she sign her works with her full name. She specialized in portrait-like genre scenes, typically of one to three figures, who generally exude good cheer and are shown against a plain background. Many are children; others men with drink. Leyster was particularly innovative in her domestic genre scenes. These are quiet scenes of women at home, often with candle- or lamplight, particularly from a woman's point of view.The Proposition (Mauritshuis, The Hague) is an unusual variant on these scenes, said by some to show a girl receiving unwelcome advances, instead of depicting a willing prostitute, the more common scene under such a title. However, this interpretation is not universally accepted. Much of her other work, especially in music-makers, was similar in nature to that of many of her contemporaries, such as her husband Molenaer, the brothers Frans and Dirck Hals, Jan Steen, and the Utrecht Caravaggisti Hendrick Terbrugghen and Gerrit van Honthorst. Their genre paintings, generally of taverns and other scenes of entertainment, catered to the tastes and interests of a growing segment of the Dutch middle class. She painted few actual portraits, and her only known history painting is David with the head of Goliath (1633), which does not depart from her typical portrait style, with a single figure close to the front of the picture space. <mask> and Frans Hals
Although well-known during her lifetime and esteemed by her

masks:
Judith Leyster
Leyster


texts: contemporaries, <mask> and her work were largely forgotten after her death. She was rediscovered in 1893, when a painting admired for over a century as a work of Frans Hals was recognized as hers.<mask>'s work was criticized as showing the "weakness of the feminine hand" while many of her paintings were attributed to Frans Hals. The confusion – or perhaps deceit – may date to <mask>'s lifetime. Sir Luke Schaud acquired a Leyster, The Jolly Companions, as a Hals in the 1600s. The work ended up with a dealer, Wertheimer of Bond Street, London, who described it as one of the finest Hals paintings. Sir John Millars agreed with the Wertheimer about the authenticity and value of the painting. Wertheimer sold the painting to an English firm for £4,500. This firm, in turn, sold the painting as a Hals to Baron Schlichting in Paris.In 1893 the Louvre found <mask>'s monogram under the fabricated signature of Hals. It is not clear when the false signature had been added. When the original signature was discovered, Baron Schlichting sued the English firm, who in turn attempted to rescind their own purchase and get their money back from the art dealer, Wertheimer. The case was settled in court on May 31, 1893, with the plaintiffs (the unnamed English firm) agreeing to keep the painting for £3,500 + £500 costs. During the legal proceedings, there was no consideration for the work as an object of value under its new history: "at no time did anyone throw his cap in the air and rejoice that another painter, capable of equalling Hals at his best, had been discovered". Another version of The Jolly Companions had been sold in Brussels in 1890 and bore <mask>'s monogram "crudely altered to an interlocking FH". In 1893 Cornelis Hofstede de Groot wrote the first article on <mask>.He attributed seven paintings to her, six of which are signed with her distinctive monogram 'JL*'. Art historians since then have often

masks: Leyster Leyster Leyster Leyster Leyster Leyster


texts:
 dismissed her as an imitator or follower of Hals, although this attitude changed somewhat in the late 20th century. Apart from the lawsuit mentioned above, the nature of <mask>'s professional relationship with Frans Hals is unclear; she may have been his student or else a friendly colleague. She may have been a witness at the baptism of Hals' daughter Maria in the early 1630s, since a "<mask>sder" (meaning "daughter of Jan") was recorded as a witness, but there were other <mask>ses in Haarlem. Some historians have asserted that Hals or his brother Dirck may have been <mask>'s teacher, owing to the close similarities between their works. Public collections
Museums holding works by <mask> include the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam; the Mauritshuis, The Hague; the Frans Hals Museum, Haarlem; the Louvre, Paris; the National Gallery, London; and the National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. In March 2021 <mask>'s work was added to the "Gallery of Honor" at the Rijksmuseum.<mask>, Gesina ter Borch, and Rachel Ruysch are the first women to be included in the gallery. Gallery

See also
 Maria de Grebber
 List of paintings by <mask>
 List of paintings by Frans Hals

References

Additional sources
 Chadwick, Whitney, Women, Art, and Society, Thames and Hudson, London, 1990. "<mask>, <mask>" in Gaze, Delia, ed. Dictionary of Women Artists. 2 vols. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997. Welu, James A. and Pieter Biesboer.<mask>: A Dutch Master and Her World, Yale University, 1993. External links

 Christopher D. M. Atkins, "The Last Drop (The Gay Cavalier)," in The John G. Johnson Collection: A History and Selected Works, a Philadelphia Museum of Art free digital publication. Artist Profile at Artcyclopedia
 Works and literature on <mask>
 <mask>'s Cat Paintings

1609 births
1660 deaths
17th-century Dutch women
Artists from Haarlem
Dutch Golden Age painters
Dutch women painters
Painters from Haarlem
17th-century women

masks:
Leyster
Judith Jan
Judith Jan
Leyster
Judith Leyster
Leyster
Leyster
Judith Leyster
Leyster
Judith
Judith Leyster
Judith Leyster
Judith Leyster


texts:
<mask> (born 14 March 1992) is a Nigerian footballer who plays as a forward for Bangladesh Premier League club Saif Sporting Club and the Nigeria national team. He has been described as a complete forward who possesses pace, good positioning, natural finishing as well as the ability to provide assists. He is a "fox in the box" type of player, difficult to stop once in the penalty area. He currently holds the record for highest number of goals scored in the Nigerian Premier Football League in a single season. He is also the first player to score over 35 goals in two consecutive seasons in Nigeria. Between 2012 and 2014, he scored 39 goals in the regular league and 3 in national cup competitions, for a total of 41 goals in two seasons. He was the highest goal scorer in the 2016 CAF champions league with nine goals and was all scored in the group stage of the competition.Club career

Early career
Mfon began his youth career with Diamond Stars Academy then at Calabar (UNICEM) Rovers of the Nigeria National League, the former youth club of  Finidi George. He would go on to score 8 goals in his first season for the Rovers in 2011-2012 season, finishing as their top marksman in all competitions. Akwa United F.C
In the 2012-2013 season he transferred to Akwa United F.C., his hometown club in the Nigerian Premier Division. On 31 March 2013 few weeks after turning twenty years, he scored his first ever goal at the top level of Nigerian football. On 3 August 2013 he received the League Bloggers Award for the best player during the month of July.He would go on to complete the regular season with 16 goals to his name, among them 8 crucial away goals to help 'the Promise Keepers'


texts:
 escape relegation. He finished the season once more as the top marksman for his club and 3rd highest overall in the league. The performances by the then 20-year-old attracted the attention of top clubs in the league, among them two-time African champions Enyimba.Enyimba F.C

2013-2014
After surprising many with his performances during his first NPFL season, Udoh earned a transfer to two-time African Champions League winners Enyimba for an undisclosed amount. He was given the number 10 shirt and registered for both the Nigerian NPFL and African Champions League competitions. Enyimba presented the biggest opportunity for the best of Udoh to be showcased under a good club management and good technical handlers. He set a personal target of 20 goals for the season. He would go on to surpass this target, shattering the previous league record by scoring 23 goals as Enyimba finished second in the league table. He is currently the only player in the history of the Nigerian league to score more than 20 league goals in a single season. Mfon was a recipient of multiple 'player of the week' awards for scoring very vital goals and assists throughout the year.He scored a total of 6 braces throughout the campaign, including in the last game against Kano Pillars to extend Enyimba's unbeaten streak to seven games, ending the season on a high note. At the end of the season he received the golden boot for NPFL Top Scorer, award for NPFL Player of the season and the League Bloggers Player of the season. 2014-2015
Mfon scored the only goal in the 1-0 win over Bayelsa Utd to give Enyimba their first league win of the season. He would then score a trademark goal against Taraba Utd by


texts:
 capitalizing on lapse in communication between the defenders to give Enyimba a crucial away win. In the game against Sharks in Aba, Mfon scored a brace to bring his tally to 4 goals. Following injury, Mfon was unavailable for matches until the last few games of the season. He scored the only goal through a superb solo-run in a crucial away derby against Abia Warriors, to help Enyimba win the 2015 NPFL season with a game to spare.2016
After electing to remain with Enyimba for the 2016 season, Mfon scored a brace in the second leg of the 2016 CAF Champions league qualifying game against Vipers FC. He scored another brace in the next round of the competition against Vital'o FC in an assured 5-1 home victory in Aba. In the final qualifying round, <mask> netted a hat-trick in the first leg against Etoile du Sahel for a convincing 3-0 win in Aba. With new coach Paul Aigbogun using a different tactical approach for the NPFL, <mask> was deployed as a right-winger (RW) in league games. Combined with injuries and reduced appearances upfront he suffered his first scoring drought of his career. Incidentally, with Enyimba's elimination from the CAF Champions league, Mfon's form improved as he scored on matchdays 33 & 35. To somewhat vindicate his local form, he ended the season as the top scorer in the CAF champions league with a total of 9 goals.His feat in the continental competition led to his nomination for the award of CAF African footballer of the year at the end of 2016. 2017
Following the departure of Chinedu Udoji to Kano Pillars in December 2016, <mask> <mask> was named the captain of Enyimba F.C. On 14 September 2018, he announced his departure after seeing off his

masks: Udoh Udoh Mfon Udoh


texts:
 contract with the club. Akwa United
Mfon Udoh joined Akwa United for the 2018–19 NPFL season where he helped them finish fourth at the Super 6. FC Tulsa
On 14 January 2020, USL Championship side FC Tulsa announced the signing of <mask> <mask> alongside Solomon Kwambe from Lobi Stars. He made his league debut against Austin Bold but ended up making just four appearances for the American club. Return to Akwa United
Udoh rejoined his hometown club Akwa United in December 2020 and marked his return with a goal in a 2–1 loss to Heartland in the 2020–21 season.International career
In November 2014 he was called up to a friendly game between Nigerian and Ghanaian home-based teams. He made his first appearance for the national team as a 45th-minute substitute. International goals
Scores and results list Nigeria's goal tally first. Honours

Club
 Enyimba:
 Nigeria Professional Football League: Winners, 2015
 Aiteo Cup:
Winners, 2014

Individual
Nigerian Premier League Top Scorer (1): 2013-2014
Enyimba top scorer: 2013-2014
Nigerian League Bloggers (Monthly) Award (1): August 2013
NPFL Player of the Year Award (1): 2014
Nigerian League Bloggers Player of the Season: 2013-2014
CAF Champions League 2016 Top Scorer (9 goals): 2016

References

External links
Mfon Udoh at Footballdatabase

1992 births
Living people
Nigerian footballers
Nigerian Professional Football League players
Association football forwards
Enyimba F.C. players
Nigeria international footballers
FC Tulsa players
Akwa United F.C. players
Calabar Rovers F.C. players
Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Nigerian expatriate footballers
Expatriate soccer players in the United States
USL

masks: Mfon Udoh


texts:
<mask>, better known as R.C. Sproul Jr., (born July 1, 1965) is an American Calvinist writer, a theologian, a former pastor, and the son of R. C. Sproul. Life
Sproul holds degrees from Grove City College (Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy and Literature, 1986) and Reformed Theological Seminary (Master of Arts in Theological Studies, 1991) and received his D.Min. in theology from Whitefield Theological Seminary (2001). After working with Ligonier Ministries for some years, Sproul founded Highlands Ministries (formerly Highlands Study Center) in Bristol, Virginia, in 1996. In the same year, he planted Saint Peter Presbyterian Church in Bristol and until 2001 served as its senior pastor and then until 2010 as its Associate Pastor of Education. Sproul formerly served as executive editor of Every Thought Captive, a monthly magazine published by Highlands Ministries.From 2009–10, he worked as a teacher for Veritas Press, which specializes in Christian educational texts. In 2010, Sproul was appointed a Teaching Fellow and Associate Professor of theology, philosophy, and apologetics at Ligonier Academy in both the Bible college and D.Min. programs. In 2014 he was named Rector at Reformation Bible College as well as the Chair of the Department of Theology and Philosophy. In August 2015, Sproul wrote in his personal blog that he had briefly visited the Ashley Madison website in 2014. As a result, Ligonier Ministries suspended him until July 2016. Sproul had addressed the recently announced Ashley Madison data breach in a July 22, 2015, blog entry that highlighted "the biblical truth that our sins will find us out", but without the acknowledgment made in August.On November 29, 2016, , ten days after his ecclesiastical wedding ceremony, <mask> Jr was arrested in Fort Wayne, Indiana, for drunken driving with two of his minor children in

masks:
Robert Craig Spl
RC Sproul


texts:
 the car. He posted a $5,000 bond and was free under a "monitored conditional release." On June 2, 2017, Sproul filed a plea agreement in which he pled guilty to one felony count, 9-30-5-3(a)(2)/F6: Operating Veh. While Intox or Controlled Substance: Passenger Under 18. He was sentenced to a prison term of 1 year 183 days. Under the terms of the plea agreement his prison sentence was suspended and he was remanded to 1 year supervised probation. On December 9, 2016, days after his arrest, the board of directors of Ligonier Ministries and Reformation Bible College received and affirmed Sproul's resignation request.Ligonier Ministries posted a statement on their website on December 12, 2016, saying that Sproul resigned "for personal reasons". Early 2019 Sproul briefly worked as website manager for Bucs Dugout, SB Nation's community for Pittsburgh Pirates fans. His contract was terminated the morning after Deadspin's piece criticizing the hire. Later that year he became ordained through Logos Ministries and formed Dunamis Fellowship (details under Church allegiances). Personal Life
Sproul has been married twice. Sproul's first wife, Denise Elizabeth Sproul (née <mask>), died in 2011, age 46, of cancer. They had seven surviving children, a disabled daughter having died in 2012.On October 14, 2016, Sproul married <mask> <mask> (née Porter) in a civil ceremony. On November 19, 2016, his father R.C. Sproul Sr. officiated the church wedding ceremony. Lisa, a thrice divorced nutritionist, legally adopted the four youngest Sproul children on July 12, 2018. Combined they have twelve surviving children, eleven grandchildren and currently reside in Indiana. Church allegiances

Sproul was first ordained in the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church (ARP). After a failed attempt to transfer to the Presbyterian Church in America, he was

masks:
Rocklein
Lisa Carol
Ringel


texts:
 ordained in the Reformed Presbyterian Church General Assembly (RPCGA) in 2000.In January 2006, Sproul and the Session of Saint Peter Presbyterian Church (SPPC), its governing body, were deposed from office by the RPCGA under charges including "abuse of authority in an inexcusable manner" against several families, alleged illegal use of the ARP's tax identification number, planting a church without authority, and practicing infant communion. The SPPC Session issued a letter of apology and asked to be released from general membership in the RPCGA, and the denomination granted their request. SPPC requested pastoral oversight from the CREC, which accepted the congregation as a full member in October 2007. The Confederation of Reformed Evangelical Churches (CREC) examined the case and accepted Sproul as an ordained minister in good standing in 2006. In 2010 Sproul transferred his ordination to the denomination Covenant Presbyterian Church (CPC). On March 27, 2019, Sproul announced, "I am a member in good standing at Pine Hills Church here in Fort Wayne. It is a part of the Federation of Evangelical Churches."The FEC is an Anabaptist denomination of Amish Mennonite origin. July 2, 2019, Sproul became ordained through Logos Ministries of Florida and formed the business entity Dunamis Fellowship. February 14, 2021, Sproul planted his newest church, Sovereign Grace Fellowship in Fort Wayne, Indiana. Sproul announced April 3, 2021, he would launch the Shepherd’s College, August 30, 2021, as a pastors college for training and mentoring men nationally and internationally. Publishing
Sproul has written twelve books, including When You Rise Up: A Covenantal Approach to Homeschooling, Bound for Glory, Biblical Economics, Almighty Over All, Eternity in Our Hearts, and Tearing Down Strongholds. He has edited four books, including After


texts:
 Darkness Light: Distinctives of Reformed Theology, and contributed to several others. He was a regular columnist for World magazine, Homeschooling Today magazine and the Covenant Syndicate.For eleven years he was the editor of Tabletalk magazine, a publication of Ligonier Ministries. In Almighty Over All Sproul takes the position that God created man to have an object worthy of his wrath: "God is as delighted with his wrath as he is with all of his attributes... What I’ll do is create something worthy of my wrath, something on which I can exhibit the glory of my wrath" (p 52). Sproul goes on to state that God is the author/creator of sin: "I am not accusing God of sinning; I am suggesting that He created sin" (p 54). Books
 Money Matters, 1985. Reprinted as Dollar Signs of the Times: A Commonsense Guide to Securing Our Economic Future, 1994, and Biblical Economics: A Commonsense Guide to Our Daily Bread, 2002. Supplemented with Biblical Economics Study Guide in 2010. Almighty over All: Understanding the Sovereignty of God, 1999.Quothe the Prophet, 2000. The Brave Monk, 2000. Eternity in Our Hearts, 2002. Tearing Down Strongholds: And Defending the Truth, 2002. Bound for Glory: God's Promise for Your Family, 2003
 When You Rise Up: A Covenantal Approach to Homeschooling, 2004. Believing God: Twelve Biblical Promises Christians Struggle to Accept, 2009. The Call to Wonder: Loving God like a Child, 2012.References

External links
R.C. Sproul Jr. - Highlands Ministries
Saint Peter Presbyterian Church
<mask>proul Jr RC Sproul's blog. Living people
American Calvinist and Reformed theologians
American Presbyterian ministers
Grove City College alumni
Place of birth missing (living people)
1965 births
20th-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians
Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church
Presbyterians from Florida
Presbyterians


texts: <mask> (born 1977) is an art critic, art historian, and curator. Born and raised in Hamburg, Germany, she lives in New York City and Lübeck, Germany. <mask>’s essays and art reviews have been published by a variety of international art magazines and newspapers, including Kunst Bulletin, Sculpture Magazine, The Brooklyn Rail, ARTPulse, Art on Paper, Art Papers, Art Collector, Chelsea Now and Art Lies, among others. She has contributed essays to various monographs, including most recently, publications by Hatje Cantz and Birkhäuser. She is a contributing editor at artcritical. In addition, she has translated several museum catalogue essays, including for the Guggenheim Museum in Venice and the Museum Pfalzgalerie Kaiserslautern. She is a longtime member of the International Association of Art Critics, the Deutscher Fachjournalisten-Verband, the College Art Association and the Verband_Deutscher_Kunsthistoriker.She has received a Kress Foundation Fellowship (2002) and an Archive- and Library Stipend from the Arp Foundation (2015). In 2016, she was a Sheila Hugh Mackay Foundation Critic-in-Residence at the Beaverbrook Art Gallery in New Brunswick, Canada and was awarded with a publication grant by Stiftung Kunstfonds (2019). In addition, <mask> has curated many exhibitions, including at the Shirley Fiterman Art Center at the Borough of Manhattan Community College, New York, the Macy Art Gallery, Teacher's College, Columbia University and Jason McCoy gallery. Artists she has helped to exhibit include, Lee Krasner, Frederick Kiesler, Thomas Nozkowski, Willy Bo Richardson, Jackson Pollock, and Richard Pousette-Dart. <mask> has conducted over one hundred interviews with contemporary artists, ranging from Nancy Spero to Mark Dion. In 2013, she conceived of an ongoing Studio Conversation series focused on female artists of different generations and working in a large variety of media. In this context, she has released five books thus far: "New York Studio

masks:
Stephanie Buhmann
Buhmann
Buhmann
Buhmann


texts:
 Conversations; Seventeen Women Talk About Art” (2016), "Berlin Studio Conversations - Twenty Women Talk About Art” (2017), New York Studio Conversations (Part II) (2018), and Rheinland Studio Conversations (2021).All of these were published by The Green Box, Berlin, featuring for example Katharina Grosse, Julie Mehretu, Shirin Neshat, Carolee Schneemann, Kiki Smith and more than eighty others. She has organized many panel discussions, including at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles; Teacher’s College, Columbia University, New York, and the Shirley Fiterman Art Gallery at the  Borough of Manhattan Community College, New York. Since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, she has continued to engage in a public dialogue with artists, using the Zoom platform. Her teaching experience includes lectures at the Rhode Island School of Design, Providence, RI; Pratt Institute, New York; Hofstra University, New York; Wave Hill, New York, and the Beaverbrook Art Gallery, New Brunswick, Canada, among others. Education

<mask> attended Moore College of Art and Design, Philadelphia, PA and received a B.F.A. and Master in the History of Art, Architecture and Design from Pratt Institute, New York in 2002. She currently is a PhD.Candidate at the Humboldt Universität of Berlin. Books

Rheinland Studio Conversations; Fifteen Women Talk About Art. Berlin: The Green Box, 2021,
Los Angeles Studio Conversations; Sixteen Women Talk About Art. Berlin: The Green Box, 2019,
New York Studio Conversations (Part II); Twenty-One Women Talk About Art. Berlin: The Green Box, 2018,
Berlin Studio Conversations; Twenty Women Talk About Art. Berlin: The Green Box, 2017,
New York Studio Conversations; Seventeen Women Talk About Art. 28, No.6

Patti Smith: Veil; A glimpse into Smith's work outside of Music, in: Chelsea now, Vol. 3, No. 18, March 27-April 9, 2009

Alfred Kubin, in: The Brooklyn Rail, December 2008

David Byrne; Finding the Voice of the Battery Maritime, in: The


texts:
<mask>'Do (born 28 April 1976) is a former Cameroonian footballer and international. He was last a player/coach for both Achill Rovers and the Mayo League representative team. Club career

Cameroon
An attacking central midfielder, N'Do began his career in 1995 with Canon Yaoundé before moving to Coton Sport FC de Garoua in 1997. He won the 1998 Elite One league title with Coton Sport before leaving Africa for European football. Switzerland and France
N'Do's first European club was Swiss side Neuchâtel Xamax. He spent the 1998–99 season with Xamax, with the club finishing sixth. He then joined Racing Club Strasbourg and spent the 1999–2000 and 2000–01 seasons with the club.The club won the 2000–01 Coupe de France but were also relegated to Ligue 2 that same season. N'Do then moved to Saudi Arabia. Asia
After a season with Saudi Arabian club Al-Khaleej, N'Do moved to Chinese club Chengdu Blades, based in Sichuan province, finishing sixth out of 14 teams in the division in his only season. Ireland
N'Do's first Irish club was St Patrick's Athletic whom he joined in 2003. After a season in the League of Ireland First Division, he then signed for Dublin rivals Shelbourne in 2004 and made his debut in August against Cork City. N'Do scored the only goal for the Reds in their home leg against Odense Boldklub in the second round of the Intertoto Cup on 9 July 2006, only for the team go out of the competition 3-1 on aggregate. N'Do picked up a league winner's medal in 2006 after helping Shelbourne to their third league title in four years.In November 2006, he was voted PFAI Player of the Year by his fellow professionals for his contribution to Shels' league-winning campaign. and as a result was included in the team of the year. After completing his contracted period with Shelbourne, N'Do


texts: rejoined St Patrick's Athletic, when he signed for John McDonnell's team in December 2006. He signed for Shamrock Rovers on loan in July 2008, scoring one goal for the Hoops in a man of the match performance on 29 August. N'Do signed for Bohemians just before the beginning of the 2009 season and marked his debut for the club with a goal in a 1–0 victory over Dundalk at Oriel Park. He was named Player of the Month for March 2009 for his performances. On 15 July 2009, he scored a crucial goal in the 2010 UEFA Champions League qualifier against Red Bull Salzburg in Austria to secure a 1–1 draw for Bohemians.However N'Do and Bohs would depart that competition over the two legs, losing 2–1 on aggregate. He then added to his collection of medals on 26 September as Bohs beat Waterford United in the final of the League of Ireland Cup. He was not done yet, as a great run of form towards the end of the season helped Bohs to their second League of Ireland Premier Division title in a row, winning by four points over closest rivals Shamrock Rovers with N'Do scoring vital goals against Drogheda United and Sligo Rovers in the closing games of the season. His performances over the season were rewarded when he was once more voted on to the PFAI Team of the Year for 2009 along with teammates Brian Murphy, Conor Powell, Ken Oman, Brian Shelley and Gary Deegan. On 6 November 2009, N'Do played his last match for Bohemians against Bray Wanderers to clinch the title for the Gypsies after they won the league. Like his former manager Pat Fenlon, he is one of a rare group of players to have played for each of Dublin's "Big 4" – St. Patrick's Athletic, Shelbourne, Shamrock Rovers, and Bohemians. On 23 March 2010, N'Do signed for Sligo Rovers until the end of the season, having been a free agent after


texts:
 leaving Bohemians at the end of the previous season.He was voted man of the match at the 2010 FAI Cup Final, won by Sligo Rovers at the Aviva Stadium in Dublin on 14 November 2010. Under the guidance of new manager Paul Cooke, he continued to haunt former club St Pat's, with several man of the match performances during the 2011 season. He remained with Sligo for the 2012 season, and won the League of Ireland for his fourth time. In 2013, he won another FAI Cup medal with Sligo Rovers, helping them beat Drogheda United 3–2 with a controversial assist to Sligo playmaker Danny North. On 30 July 2014, N'Do signed for Limerick on loan as a player/coach until the end of the season and on 31 January 2015, he signed for Irish amateur club Arrow Harps as a player/coach. He played three games before he rejoined Sligo Rovers. In February 2015, he joined Achill Rovers in a coaching capacity to work with their Under-12 and -13 boy's teams, Under-12 and -14 girl's teams and their junior side.and on 9 April 2015, fan favourite N'Do was re-signed as a coach with Sligo Rovers following the sacking of manager Owen Heary, where he was appointed caretaker manager of the club alongside Gavin Dykes. On 27 March 2016, N'Do made his first appearance for his latest club Achill Rovers F.D.A.C. International career
N'Do played for the Cameroon national team after being discovered by Claude LeRoy just prior to the 1998 FIFA World Cup, and took part in three matches during that tournament. In the qualifying campaign for the 2002 FIFA World Cup he played three times but remained an unused substitute in the finals. However, he has not played for Cameroon since 2002, and has publicly expressed his unwillingness to come back. N'Do earned 21 caps while representing his country at senior level.


texts:
 Honours

Club
Cotonsport Garoua
Elite One: 1998

Strasbourg
Coupe de France: 2000–01

Shelbourne
League of Ireland: 2004, 2006

Bohemians
League of Ireland: 2009
League of Ireland Cup: 2009

Sligo Rovers
League of Ireland: 2012
FAI Cup: 2010, 2011, 2013
League of Ireland Cup: 2010
Setanta Sports Cup: 2014

International
Africa Cup of Nations: 2000, 2002

Individual
PFAI Players' Player of the Year: 2006

Career statistics

Club
Correct as of 7 November 2011.References

External links

1976 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Yaoundé
Cameroonian footballers
Association football midfielders
Canon Yaoundé players
Coton Sport FC de Garoua players
Neuchâtel Xamax FCS players
RC Strasbourg Alsace players
Khaleej FC players
Chengdu Tiancheng F.C. players
St Patrick's Athletic F.C. players
Shelbourne F.C. players
Shamrock Rovers F.C. players
Bohemian F.C. players
Sligo Rovers F.C. players
Limerick F.C.players
Elite One players
Swiss Super League players
Ligue 1 players
Saudi First Division League players
League of Ireland players
League of Ireland XI players
Cameroon international footballers
1998 FIFA World Cup players
2000 African Cup of Nations players
2002 FIFA World Cup players
2002 African Cup of Nations players
Cameroonian expatriate footballers
Cameroonian expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
Cameroonian expatriate sportspeople in France
Cameroonian expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia
Cameroonian expatriate sportspeople in China
Cameroonian expatriate sportspeople in Ireland
Expatriate footballers in Switzerland
Expatriate footballers in France
Expatriate footballers in Saudi Arabia
Expatriate footballers in China
Expatriate association footballers in the Republic of Ireland
Cameroonian football managers
Cameroonian expatriate football managers
Expatriate football