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 River at an American Fur Company trading post called Fort Clark. Conflicts between the Arikaras and Sioux were routine there, with Sioux war parties attacking Arikaras who wandered too far from the fort. In spite of the threat they represented, <mask> took on and succeeded in the dangerous job of delivering mail to other forts in Missouri and to Fort Totten in North Dakota. He did not, however, pass through these years unscathed. During a visit to his father, <mask> was—contrary to the customary protection of guests—attacked and ambushed by Gall and several other Hunkpapas who beat him severely, stripped him, spat on him, mocked him and hit him with coup sticks and musket ramrods.In the fall of 1862, two of his brothers were killed, mutilated, and scalped by a Sioux war party led by Gall. Their bodies were left to be eaten by wolves. First years as a scout
After working for the American Fur Company, <mask> accompanied Brigadier General Alfred Sully in 1865 as a scout on his Sioux expedition. <mask> proved useful to the group of Galvanized Yankees, prisoner soldiers from the Confederate States Army who served the Union in the American West instead of serving time in a prisoner-of-war camp at Fort Berthold. He also worked as a messenger, helping the troops to communicate with other military units in the area, which was still mainly controlled by the Sioux. In late 1865, <mask> met with Captain Adams Bassett of Company C, Fourth U.S. Volunteer Infantry, whom he told that Gall had recently arrived near Fort Berthold, that Gall was not peaceful and had killed white men along the Missouri River. Bassett sent a lieutenant with a platoon and <mask> to capture Gall or kill him if he would not surrender.<mask> led the soldiers to the Hunkpapa village, south

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 of the fort where Gall was staying. The men attempted to arrest Gall upon arrival, but when Gall tried to escape he was bayoneted and forced to the ground, and was twice stabbed with bayonets. The story goes that <mask> took aim to administer a killing shot to Gall's head, but the officer in command knocked the shot wide, claiming Gall was already dead. <mask> argued furiously with the officer to no avail. He departed, leaving Gall alive to become a Sioux war chief. However, since similar stories have been told about Gall attempting to kill Sitting Bull and being prevented, the story may be apocryphal. In 1866, President Andrew Johnson authorized the formation of a force of Indian scouts when he signed the Indian Scout Enlistment Act.<mask> enlisted as a corporal at Fort Stevenson in May 1868, but his early service was not without issue. <mask> had a problem with alcohol that may have led to him deserting his post in September 1868. By 1872, the year of his involvement in the Yellowstone Expedition, he became a lance corporal. Friendship and early work with Custer
In 1873, at Fort Rice, he met George Armstrong Custer. The two became friends, and Custer admired <mask>'s talents as a scout. Although <mask> is said to have been insolent, Custer was amused by his candor. He was himself a volatile man, and during an expedition in 1874 would shoot at <mask> during a fit of rage.Custer occasionally gave <mask>nife gifts, including a silver medal inscribed with <mask>'s name that Custer ordered from Washington. <mask> quickly became Custer's favorite scout. On the next Yellowstone Expedition, <mask> joined Custer and fought against the Sioux. <mask> helped to discover an abandoned Sioux village which he estimated to have held 1,000 warriors. The group

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 followed the trail, which led them to a battle at Yellowstone. Black Hills Expedition

In 1874, <mask> took part in the Black Hills Expedition, which included over a thousand men, geologists, infantry, cavalry, two miners, several reporters, and sixty-five Arikara scouts. Shortly before the beginning of the expedition, the Sioux attacked the Arikara village at Fort Berthold, killing five Arikaras and one Mandan.One of <mask>'s sons was killed in the attack and another scout, called Bear's Ears or Bear's Eye, lost a brother in the same attack. <mask> blamed the death of his son on Gall. Many of the Arikara on the expedition wanted to avenge the attack and when they found signs of a band of Sioux in the Black Hills, they began to sing war songs and adorned their horses and themselves with war paint. Custer was not interested in solving tribal feuds and ordered the scouts not to attack any Sioux unless fired upon first. <mask> and twenty-five other Arikaras were sent out for more scouting and found a small camp of five lodges. The scouts waited for Custer to arrive with his interpreter, Louis Agard, before taking any action. Although some reports suggested the presence of thousands of warriors in the hills preparing to attack, and most of the expedition thought that a fight would occur soon, <mask> Knife discovered a group of only twenty-seven Oglala Sioux, who had been cutting lodgepoles and hunting in the Black Hills and intended return to the Red Cloud Agency, one hundred miles south of their location.The group had no knowledge of the soldiers in the area and all but one Oglala ran away when Agard and some of the scouts approached them. On August 7, 1874, <mask> Knife encountered a grizzly bear roughly seventy-five yards from where Custer was

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 searching for a campsite. Custer, having had a lifelong dream of killing a grizzly bear, shot the bear twice with his Remington rifle, hitting it in the thigh, and <mask>nife and William Ludlow helped with the kill. The bear was an old male with broken teeth, covered in scars, and weighed . Though Custer took credit for the kill, some believe that the fatal bullet was fired by <mask>nife, and 2002 biography The Custer Companion states that the coup de grâce was a cut to the jugular vein by <mask>nife. During the Black Hills Expedition, several wagons became stuck at a bank. Custer asked whose fault the delay was and a scout named Charley Reynolds blamed <mask>nife for the incident.Custer drew his revolver and fired shots in the two scouts' direction. <mask> and Reynolds hid behind some trees. <mask> then told Custer, "It is not a good thing you have done to me; if I had been possessed of madness too, you would not see another day." Custer replied, "My brother, it was the madness of the moment that made me do this, but it is now gone. Let us shake hands and be friends again." <mask> agreed and shook Custer's hand. While most Indian scouts earned $13 a month, the same amount of pay as the troops received, Custer arranged a job for <mask> with the quartermaster as a guide, where he earned $75 ($ at today's prices) per month.On November 30, 1874, Private <mask> was discharged from service, and for his efforts in the Black Hills Expedition, he received an additional $150 for what was called his "invaluable assistance". Death at the Battle of Little Bighorn
In 1876, during the Little Bighorn campaign, <mask> repeatedly tried to warn Custer there were too many Indians to fight. In spite of the overwhelming odds, he refused to stay out of the battle. By

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texts: some accounts, before the battle began, <mask> signaled to the sun with his hands, "I shall not see you go down behind the hills tonight." <mask>nife was assigned to Major Marcus Reno, who had a command of 140 soldiers, at the Battle of the Little Bighorn on June 25, 1876. During the battle, Custer directed <mask> and the other Arikara and Crow scouts to drive off the herds of Indian ponies in the Sioux camp. As Reno's soldiers and scouts approached the camp, the Indians, mostly Lakota-Sioux and Cheyenne, spotted them and quickly mobilized their warriors to attack Reno.The soldiers quickly dismounted and formed a skirmish line to shoot at the enemy, but they kept coming and Reno's unit began taking heavy casualties. Reportedly, <mask> was standing next to Reno, who had motioned for <mask> to approach him so he could ask <mask> what the Indians would do when his command began to move away from their village. <mask> was shot in the head and killed while mounted on his horse before making a reply. Reno, his face smeared with the gore from <mask>'s wound, panicked and ordered a withdrawal. Reno and his men retreated into woodland near the river with the braves in aggressive pursuit, and his poor response cost many of his troops their lives. <mask> was one of three Arikara scouts assigned to Reno to die during the battle; the others were Little Brave (also known as Bear's Trail or Little Soldier) and Bobtail Bull. The US Army suffered a huge defeat.<mask> was decapitated by the Sioux. According to <mask>'s sister, her daughters had found his body on the battlefield, and unaware that it was the body of their uncle, cut off his head and took it to the Hunkpapa village where it was displayed on a pole. When she saw the head and recognized it as that of her

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 brother, <mask>'s sister was horrified. According to David Humphreys Miller, an interviewer who talked with many of the participants and witnesses from the battle, she cried out: "Gall has killed him at last!" However, other accounts do not mention Gall nor the sisters' reactions at their discovery of the head's identity. In the aftermath of the battle, Colonel John Gibbon's troops found and identified by its gray color pattern the scalp of <mask> in an empty Sioux lodge. These remains were buried on the battlefield on June 27, 1876.Later he was buried in the scout cemetery near White Shield, North Dakota. <mask> <mask> had wed an Arikara woman named Young Owl Woman, or She Owl, in 1866. He fathered at least three children, a daughter and two sons. The daughter died of an illness on December 28, 1870, and was buried at Fort Buford. One son was killed in a raid by Lakota on the Arikara village before the Black Hills Expedition of 1874. The other lived until 1904, when he was killed supposedly by his own wife. Young Owl Woman served as <mask>'s legal heir.On April 14, 1879, she appeared at Fort Berthold to claim outstanding pay for his services to the army. In 1881, she received his final $91.66 in wages from the US Government. <mask>nife's deeds were remembered in song composed by the Arikara scouts after his death at the Battle of Little Big Horn. His story spread wide, and he became one of the more famous scouts associated with the army. In the 1991 television mini-series Son of the Morning Star, <mask>nife was portrayed by Sheldon Peters Wolfchild. References

External links

1840s births
1876 deaths
Lakota people
People of the Great Sioux War of 1876
Native American United States military personnel
United States Army Indian Scouts
Battle of the

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Master <mask> (died 1570), was a Scottish courtier, administrator and secretary to the Earl of Moray. He was assassinated on 15 April 1570. Career
<mask> was the son of <mask> of Largo, and was educated at St Leonards College at the University of St Andrews, graduating in 1536 and so used the title "Master", referring to his degree. It has been suggested he became vicar of Largo. <mask>'s connection with Queen Mary's half brother, Lord James Stewart, afterwards Earl of Moray, began as early at least as 1548, when he accompanied him to France. About September 1560 he accompanied an embassy to England, recorded by Thomas Randolph, who in a letter of 23 September 1560 promised to send to William Cecil with <mask> a copy of Knox's History of the Reformation, "as mykle as ys written thereof". <mask> was a supporter of the Scottish Reformation, and at the first General Assembly of the kirk in December 1560 he was selected as one of those at St. Andrews "best qualified for preaching of the word and ministering of the sacraments."<mask> accompanied Lord James in his embassy to Queen Mary in France in 1561; and Nicholas Throckmorton, the English ambassador at Paris described <mask> as one "in whom there is much virtue and sufficiency." He recommended that <mask>'s devotion to the English interest should be rewarded with a pension. Mary and the Earl of Moray
<mask> wrote that in December 1562 <mask> distanced himself from the Assembly of the New Kirk to join with the "rulers" of the Scottish royal court of Mary, Queen of Scots. For three years, <mask> became a magistrate, as an Extraordinary Lord of Session, as Lord Tullidavie, from 9 December 1562. Knox wrote that Mary, Queen of Scots hated <mask>, because he, with <mask>art of Pitarro, "flattered her not in her dancing and other doings." According

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texts: to Knox, when Mary was told her half-brother, <mask>, Commendator of Coldingham's last words to her were that she should be a Protestant, Mary declared plainly that Coldingham's speech was invented by <mask> and Wishart. During the Chaseabout Raid rebellion against Mary in 1565, led by the Earl of Moray, <mask> was commanded to surrender himself to imprisonment in Dumbarton Castle within six days, and failing to do so, he was denounced a rebel.He was then deprived of the office of extraordinary Lord of Session, to which, by the title of Tulliedavie, he had been appointed ; and he was not again restored to it except nominally. During the rebellion <mask> was sent as emissary to Elizabeth with vain requests for her assistance. <mask> remained in obscurity until Mary abdicated and Moray returned to power as regent, when he became his secretary, in preference to William Maitland of Lethington, and was employed in all his more confidential political missions. He was involved in making inventories of the queen's jewels and took several items to England. On Queen Mary's escape to England, after Langside, he was sent by the regent, in June 1568, "to resolve the queen of England of anything she" stood "doubtful unto." The Earl of Murray declared that <mask>, had copies and translations of letters into the Scots language which proved to his satisfaction that Mary, Queen of Scots had consented to the murder of her husband Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley, and <mask> had taken these copies to Elizabeth I of England. On 8 October 1568 <mask> arrived at York to join the conference discussing Mary, Queen of Scots and the Casket letters.James Melville of Halhill wrote that <mask> was "a great ringleader at York." <mask> kept up a correspondence of his own with William Cecil, the English Secretary of State. At

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 the subsequent Hampton Court conference he made a show of reluctance in presenting the accusation against the queen, but allowed it to be plucked out of his hands by the bishop of Orkney, who presented it to the English council. After the return of Moray to Scotland in 1569, and as a follow up to the conferences, <mask> was again sent on an embassy to England in March 1569, and returned in June 1569. His embassy was intended to assist in exposing the intrigues of the Duke of Norfolk and his secret negotiations with the Queen of Scots. To raise his status in order that he might have "ane honorable style, to set out the better his embassage", according to James Melville of Halhill he used indirect methods to obtain from the Regent the bishopric of Moray. On his return to Scotland he gave a report to the Privy Council of his proceedings, and on the motion of the Regent, he was thanked and discharged.<mask> also worked through the inventories of the queen with her servant Servais de Condé. In a propaganda piece circulated by his party's enemies in January 1570, known as the Pretended Conference, a Machiavellian speech was attributed to <mask> urging Regent Moray to ruthless action against his adversaries and to use any means possible to increase his popular support. <mask> wrote to Cecil from Manderston on 31 October 1569 describing the success of Moray's military mission to the west of Scotland. Assassinations
In January 1570, when Moray was about to pass through Linlithgow, <mask> was sent by Agnes Keith, Countess of Moray to warn her husband of a plot for his assassination, but the warning was unheeded. <mask> continued working as the special "serviteur" of Agnes Keith who was pregnant, and had helped arrange Moray's funeral, and made the contract for the Regent's tomb . Agnes Keith had

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 been seeking permission for <mask> and her other servants to find refuge in England. He visited her infant daughter at Lochleven Castle in March.He wrote to Agnes on 4 April 1570 that he was going to Glasgow, and then returning to see her, and in case any accident came his way, his brother <mask> had her business documents. In April 1570 <mask> visited Sir William Douglas at Loch Leven. At Lochleven Castle, <mask> spoke to Margret Erskine, Lady Lochleven. She was looking after Agnes Keith's daughter. The child was "merry and very lusty". Her nurse was pregnant and wanted go home. In Edinburgh Sir William Douglas helped <mask> check the coffers containing Agnes Keith's clothes at Holyrood Palace.<mask> went on to St Andrews on 4 April. <mask> was killed on 15 April 1570. Arthur Forbes, the laird of Reres in Kilconquhar parish in Fife, and his son were later charged for their part in the murder. The Hamilton family were accused of <mask>'s murder in a propaganda work attributed to George Buchanan called the Exhortation against the Hamiltons, which says that his enemies "fetched men out of Teviotdale to Fife to slay Maister <mask>". George Buchanan, in his Admonitioun to the Trew Lordis (Robert Lekprevick: Stirling, 1571), wrote that <mask> was assassinated "for na uther caus, bot for being ane gude servand to the crowne and to the Regent his maister". Buchanan also wrote that <mask> was slain by "boucheouris counductit out of Tevidaill", butchers brought from Teviotdale". References
see DNB: <mask>, <mask> (d.1570) (DNB00)

Members of the Privy Council of Scotland
16th-century Scottish people
1570 deaths
Year of birth unknown
People murdered in Scotland
Assassinated Scottish politicians
Scottish diplomats
Alumni of the University of St Andrews
Court of Mary, Queen of Scots
Scottish

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<mask> (born La Raine Johnson, October 13, 1920 – November 10, 2007) was an American actress, radio and television commentator and a former Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract star. As a leading lady, she was paired opposite major film stars including Robert Mitchum, Lana Turner, Cary Grant, Ronald Reagan, Kirk Douglas, and John Wayne. As well as her numerous film and television roles, she acted on stage, conducted her own radio and television shows, and wrote two books. Owing to her marriage to Leo Durocher and her involvement with his baseball career, she was known as "The First Lady of Baseball". Her best-known films include Foreign Correspondent, My Son, My Son, Journey for Margaret, Mr. Lucky, The Locket, and the Dr. Kildare series. Early life and education
Born La Raine Johnson in Roosevelt, Utah, on October 13, 1920, she was one of eight children in a wealthy family who were members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Her parents were Clarence Irwin Johnson and Ada M. Johnson.Her father was a grain dealer and an interpreter for the Ute Indian Tribes. She had a twin brother, Lamar. Her great-grandfather was early Mormon pioneer Charles C. Rich. The family later moved to California, where she began her acting career with the Long Beach Players, including her friend and contemporary Robert Mitchum. She attended George Washington Junior High School and was a 1938 graduate of Polytechnic High School in Long Beach, California. Career

After a talent scout spotted her with the Long Beach Players, she signed a contract with Goldwyn studios, for which she made her cinematic debut. In 1937, <mask> debuted on screen in a bit part in Stella Dallas.Her contract was dropped shortly thereafter because she "lacked talent". Shortly afterwards, she won lead roles at RKO Pictures in several George O'Brien westerns, in which she was billed as <mask> Johnson. In 1938,

masks:
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texts: she adopted the name "<mask> <mask>" to honor her previous playhouse manager <mask>, from whom she had received much of her training. During that time, she was active in establishing a playhouse in Los Angeles for Mormon actors. Ray Bradbury joined for a period of time in 1939, and she let him do some stage prop work and publicity. In 1939, she signed with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, becoming popular and well known (billed as <mask> <mask>) as Nurse Mary Lamont, the title character's love interest and eventual fiancée in a string of seven Dr. Kildare movies beginning with Calling Dr. Kildare (1939), with Lew Ayres in the title role. Her roles for other studios were often far more stimulating than those MGM gave her, including a prominent supporting part in the Irish melodrama My Son, My Son!(1940). She also starred in the Alfred Hitchcock thriller Foreign Correspondent (1940) with Joel McCrea and the psychological mystery The Locket (1946) with Robert Mitchum, Brian Aherne, and Gene Raymond. In 1941, she was voted the number one "star of tomorrow" in Hollywood. That same year, she made her stage debut opposite Gregory Peck in the national theater tour of Angel Street. She was released from her contract with MGM May 1946, of her own discretion, and signed a contract with RKO in December of that year. The contract stated that she would make one film a year for five years, earning $100,000 per film. Throughout her film career, she was paired opposite major film stars, including Lana Turner, Cary Grant, and John Wayne.In the 1940s, she made guest appearances on radio in both Lux Radio Theatre and The Screen Guild Theater. In May 1951, she began hosting a television show alternately called Daydreaming with <mask> and The <mask> <mask> Show. In May 1952, she was signed to a midnight-to-3 a.m. interview series with New York radio station WMGM featuring interviews related to

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 politics, show business, and sports. She also made stage appearances in Lost Horizon, the 1973 revival of The Women, and a revival of The Time of the Cuckoo. Personal life

<mask> <mask>'s first marriage was to James Ray Hendricks, a dance band singer-turned-airport executive for the Santa Monica airport, on May 16, 1942. The couple adopted three children: Christopher, Angela, and Michelle. <mask> filed for divorce from Hendricks in December 1946.<mask> was granted an interlocutory divorce from Hendricks on January 20, 1947, which required her to wait one year before remarrying. On January 21, 1947, <mask> traveled to Juarez, Mexico, where she received a second divorce decree. Later that day, she traveled to El Paso, Texas, where she married baseball manager Leo Durocher. Upon returning to California, the judge who granted <mask>'s interlocutory divorce from Hendricks stated that the Mexican divorce she received was not legal and, since she failed to wait the one-year period for her divorce to become final, deemed her Texas marriage illegal as well. After waiting a little over a year, <mask> and Durocher remarried on February 16, 1948, in Santa Monica, California. After the couple moved to New York, <mask> read every book about baseball she could to understand the game. She became the first woman to be honored by the New York chapter of the Baseball Writers Association at their annual dinner in 1951.During her marriage to Durocher, <mask> was often referred to as "The First Lady of Baseball". While Durocher was managing the New York Giants, she wrote the book Day With the Giants (1952). She was also the host of Day With the Giants, a 15-minute television interview program broadcast before New York Giants home games. <mask> and Durocher divorced in June 1960. The other book she wrote was The America We Love (1972). On March 7, 1961, <mask> married television

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 producer Michael Grilikhes, with whom she had two daughters, <mask> (born November 13, 1962) and Gigi (born October 6, 1964). Religion
<mask> <mask> was a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).Throughout her life, she never swore, smoked, or drank any kind of alcohol, coffee, or tea. Until her death in 2007, she retained her Mormon faith, stating, "It brings me comfort in a confusing world." In 1961, she appeared with the Mormon Tabernacle Choir in their production of Let Freedom Ring, which was an inspirational one-hour program dedicated to the spirit of American Freedom. Politics
<mask> <mask> was, as she described herself, "very much a Republican". She was a vocal supporter of Richard Nixon, whom she later met at the 1968 Republican National Convention, citing him as the type who would "go out of his way to help the American people". She also supported Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952 and longtime Hollywood friend and former co-star Ronald Reagan in the 1980 and 1984 presidential elections, saying of both Nancy Reagan and him adoringly, "Ronald Reagan makes me proud to be an American. His intelligence, capability, and Christian brotherhood are so inspiring and his way of leadership is just superb.I consider myself lucky to have been his leading lady in The Bad Man and a short-subject reel and as a nation all together we are beyond fortunate to have the leadership of such fine people as the Reagans." Later years and death
In October 1960, <mask> <mask> appeared in the Nixon–Lodge Bumper Sticker Motorcade Campaign in Los Angeles along with Ginger Rogers, Cesar Romero, Irene Dunne, Dick Powell, Mary Pickford, and John Payne. In the 1970s, she was the spokesperson for the Make America Better campaign and traveled across the country sharing her views on environmental issues. In 1971, she wrote a book called The America We Love. <mask>

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texts:
 moved back to her native Utah in March 2007 following the death of her third husband. She died at the home of her daughter, Gigi Bell, in Ivins, Utah, from undisclosed causes on November 10, 2007. She was 87 years old.Her body was taken back to California, and on November 15, 2007, a memorial service was held at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in the Hollywood Hills. Legacy
For her contribution to the motion picture industry, <mask> <mask> has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6676 Hollywood Blvd. Filmography
All film and television appearances come from Internet Movie Database (IMDb) and Turner Classic Movies. Further reading
 "How A Mormon Girl, <mask> <mask>, Conquered Hollywood by Faith!" by May Mann in Screenland

References

External links

 Obituary, The Times, 16 November 2007
 Obituary, ThisIsAnnouncements.co.uk, 10 November 2007

Laraine Day papers, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University
Laraine Day historical clothing, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University

1920 births
2007 deaths
20th-century American actresses
Actresses from Utah
American film actresses
Latter Day Saints from New York (state)
20th-century American memoirists
American radio actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
American television talk show hosts
Articles containing video clips
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players
People from Roosevelt, Utah
Actresses from Los Angeles
Twin people from the United States
Western (genre) film actresses
California Republicans
RKO Pictures contract players
Latter Day Saints from California
Latter Day Saints from Utah
New York (state) Republicans
Utah Republicans
20th-century American women writers
American women memoirists
Harold B. Lee Library-related film articles
21st-century

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<mask> of Swabia (;  – 29 July 1032), a member of the Conradine dynasty, was Duchess of Carinthia by her first marriage with Duke Conrad I and Duchess of Upper Lorraine by her second marriage to Duke Frederick II. She played an active role in promoting her son, Duke Conrad the Younger, as a candidate for the German throne in 1024 and to this end corresponded with King Mieszko II Lambert of Poland. Family
<mask> was the daughter of Duke Herman II of Swabia (d. 1003) and his wife Gerberga (c.965/966–1019), a daughter of King Conrad I of Burgundy. She had many illustrious relatives. Through her father, <mask> was descended from the Ottonian king Henry the Fowler; through her mother from King Louis IV of France and Charlemagne. After the death of Emperor Otto III in 1002, <mask>'s father, Duke Herman, opposed the election of her cousin Duke Henry IV of Bavaria as German king, and promoted himself as a rival candidate for the throne. Herman and Henry both claimed descent from Henry the Fowler, progenitor of the Ottonian dynasty.Life
About 1001/02 <mask> married Conrad of Carinthia, son of Duke Otto I, a member of the Salian dynasty. Conrad supported her father's bid for the German throne in 1002. Their marriage was possibly consanguineous and therefore was condemned by Henry II (her father's rival who was now crowned German king) at the Synod of Thionville in January 1003. A heated debate broke out; nevertheless, the couple remained together until Conrad's death in 1011. After Duke Conrad died, his minor son with <mask>, Conrad the

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texts: Younger, was passed over in the succession for the Carinthian duchy. Instead King Henry II ceded the duchy to Count Adalbero of Eppenstein, who was married to <mask>'s sister, Beatrice. <mask> had Conrad the Younger placed in the care of one of his Salian relative Conrad the Elder (the future king Conrad II Germany).A few years later (c.1016/7), <mask>'s sister Gisela of Swabia married Conrad the Elder. <mask> maintained good relations with the couple. In 1019, her brother-in-law supported her son, Conrad the Younger, when he tried to reclaim Carinthia from Duke Adalbero. However, the attempt was unsuccessful and possibly caused Conrad the Elder to go into exile. About 1012/13, <mask> herself had married her second husband, Count Frederick of Bar, the son of Duke Theodoric I of Upper Lorraine. This marriage was also consanguineous. Frederick succeeded his father in 1019; he is usually said to have died c. 1026, although it is possible that he lived until 1033.The Salian unity came to an end, when in 1024 Emperor Henry II died without heirs: both <mask>'s brother-in-law Conrad the Elder and her son Conrad the Younger promoted themselves as candidates for the throne as descendants of Henry the Fowler. Conrad the Elder was elected King of the Romans (as Conrad II) at an assembly at Kamba (near Oppenheim) in Rhenish Franconia on 4 September 1024. Conrad the Younger refused to accept the new king and his mother <mask>, with her second husband Frederick and his Lorraine entourage, left the site in protest. Duke Frederick continued to

masks: Matilda Matilda Matilda Matilda Matilda Matilda Matilda


texts: support Conrad the Younger, as did Conrad's cousin, Duke Ernest II of Swabia. <mask> herself remained active on her son's behalf. Between 1025 and 1027 she opened negotiations with the new Polish king Mieszko II Lambert, who was also at odds with Conrad the Elder (King Conrad II), as he refused to recognise Mieszko as king and even demanded the Polish regalia from him. While Mieszko's rule was not only questioned by Conrad but also by his own Piast relatives, <mask> presented him with a valuable liturgical manuscript (the Liber de Officiis divinis).The dedicatory page of the book contained a letter from <mask> to Mieszko (Epistola ad Mathildis Suevae Misegonem II Poloniae Regem) in which she named him a distinguished king, praised him for his building of new churches, and knowledge of Latin, and wished him strength against his enemies. The dedicatory page also contained a miniature depicting <mask> giving the book to Mieszko, who is shown wearing a crown and seated on a throne. <mask>'s gift had the desired effect, and Mieszko promised to take military action. Several clashes of arms followed; by 1028, however, Emperor Conrad II had defeated all his opponents. By 1030 <mask> seems to have been on good terms with Conrad II again. She joined him and her sister, Empress Gisela, at the imperial court at Ingelheim in Easter 1030. In 1035, Emperor Conrad II finally deprived Adalbero of Carinthia, for rebelling against him, and restored Conrad the Younger to the duchy.Following an entry in the Annalista Saxo, <mask> is sometimes said to


texts:
 have married a third time, c.1026, to Count Esico of Ballenstedt. She thereby would be the progenitor of the Saxon House of Ascania; nevertheless, this is not possible if her first husband Frederick lived until 1033. Death
<mask> died sometime after Easter 1030 (when she was at the imperial court) and before January 1034, when Emperor Conrad II issued a diploma at the intervention of his wife Gisela, commemorating her death. She is often said to have died on 29 July 1032. She was buried in Worms Cathedral. After <mask>'s death, her young daughters (Beatrice and Sophie) from her second marriage to Frederick were adopted by her sister, Empress Gisela. Issue
With her first husband, Conrad, <mask> had three children:
Conrad II, Duke of Carinthia
Bishop Bruno of Würzburg
 Gisela (?), who married Count Gerhard of Metz, whose brother was Bruno of Toul (later Pope Gregory V). With her second husband, Frederick, <mask> had three children:
Frederick III, Duke of Upper Lorraine
Beatrice of Bar
Sophie, Countess of Bar. If she was married to Esico of Ballenstedt, <mask> had two further children:
Adalbert II, Count of Ballenstedt
Adelaide of Ballenstadt, wife of Thiemo of Schraplau. Notes

References
E. Freise, Mathilde von Schwaben in Neue Deutsche Biographie 16 (1990), pp. 375f. (in German)
H. Wolfram, Kaiser Konrad II, 990-1039. Kaiser dreier Reiche (Munich, 2000).F-R. Erkens, Konrad II. (um 990-1039). Herrschaft und Reich des ersten Salierkaisers (1998). H. Keller, ‘Schwäbische Herzöge als Thronbewerber: Hermann II. (1002), Rudolf von

masks: Matilda Matilda Matilda Matilda Matilda


texts:
 Rheinfelden (1077), Friedrich von Staufen (1125), Zur Entwicklung von Reichsidee und Fürstenverantwortung, Wahlverständnis und Wahlverfahren im 11. und 12. Jahrhundert,’ Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins 131 (1983), 123–162
 P. Corbet, Autour de Burchard de Worms. L'église allemande et les interdits de parenté (IXème-XIIème siècle) (Frankfurt am Main, 2001).E<mask>, Die Salier (Stuttgart, 2008). Annalista Saxo, in Die Reichschronik des Annalista Saxo, ed. K. Nass, MGH SS 37 (Munich, 2006), accessible online at: Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Die Urkunden Konrads II, ed. H. Bresslau, MGH Diplomata 4 (Hannover and Leipzig, 1909), accessible online at: Monumenta Germaniae Historica
B. Kürbis, "Die Epistola Mathildis Suevae an Mieszko II, in neuer Sicht, Ein Forschungsbericht," Frühmittelalterliche Studien, 23 (1989), 318-343. E. Goez, Beatrix von Canossa und Tuszien. Eine Untersuchung zur Geschichte des 11.Jahrhunderts (Sigmaringen, 1995). W. Mohr, Geschichte des Herzogtums Lothringen, vol. 1 (1974). A. Wolf, 'Königskandidatur und Königsverwandtschaft. Hermann von Schwaben als Prüfstein für das "Prinzip der freien Wahl", Deutsches Archiv 47 (1991), 45-118. External links
Epistolae: Medieval Women’s Latin Letters: <mask> of Swabia (Brief biography of <mask>, and an English translation of a letter written by her to Mieszko II of Poland)
Medieval Lands Project
Mathilde von Schwaben (in German)

10th-century births
11th-century deaths
11th-century German women
Conradiner family members
Salian dynasty
House of Bar
Burials at

masks:
. Boshoff
Matilda
Matilda


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<mask> (born April 5, 1985) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Mets, Washington Nationals, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Chicago White Sox and then in Nippon Professional Baseball for the Yakult Swallows. He was the youngest player in MLB's National League during his rookie season in 2006. Early life
Milledge was born in Bradenton, Florida. At the age of twelve, he pitched and played third base and hit third for the Manatee East Little League team that was the national runner-up in the 1997 Little League World Series. He received the win on the mound in the semi-final game of the regional, giving up only one run on a solo home run to Matt Rigney in a win against Mississippi. In 2001, he led Team USA to a gold medal game victory over Venezuela in the International Baseball Federation's AA World Youth Championships.Later that year, Baseball America named <mask> the best 16-year-old player in the United States. He graduated from Lakewood Ranch High School in Bradenton, Florida in 2003 after leading his team to the state 5A title his senior year. Amateur draft
Prior to the 2003 amateur draft, he was expected to be among the top three selections, but as draft day approached, press reports from 2002 resurfaced regarding <mask>'s expulsion from Northside Christian School after his junior year for allegedly having sex with a minor. He subsequently transferred to Lakewood Ranch High School where he finished his education and amateur baseball career. As a result of the incident, <mask> was passed over in the 2003 amateur draft until the Mets selected him as the twelfth overall pick in the first

masks:
Lastings Darnell Milledge
Milledge
Milledge
Milledge


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 round. The Mets began contract negotiations with <mask>, but the talks were interrupted in early August 2003, when the Mets learned of allegations of additional sexual misconduct against <mask> during his time at Northside. The Mets completed a private investigation of the matter and, satisfied with the results, signed Milledge to a contract with a $2.2 million signing bonus.Professional baseball career

Minor league career
The delay in signing <mask> prevented him from beginning his professional career until shortly before the end of the minor league season in 2003. He appeared in only seven games, hitting .231 for the Kingsport Mets of the Appalachian League. In 2004, he was slated to start the year with the class A Capital City Bombers, but he suffered a fractured metacarpal on his right hand in spring training, missing the first six weeks of the season. In 65 games with the Bombers, he hit .337 with 13 home runs, 58 RBI and 23 stolen bases, earning him a promotion to the St. Lucie Mets in August. In 2005, he continued his minor league success hitting .302 with St. Lucie in the first half of the season and .337 with the AA Binghamton Mets in the second half. He began the 2006 season leading off and playing right field for the AAA Norfolk Tides. New York Mets

Rookie season
Milledge made his major league debut on May 30, 2006, as the starting right fielder for the Mets in a 7–2 loss to the Arizona Diamondbacks.He went 1 for 4 with a double off Arizona pitcher Miguel Batista. <mask> was 21 years, 55 days old on the day of his debut - exactly the same age as former Met Darryl Strawberry when he made his 1983 debut. In his three separate stints in the

masks: Milledge Milledge Milledge Milledge


texts:
 majors in 2006, Milledge hit .241 with 4 HR and 22 RBI in 56 games. On June 4,  against the San Francisco Giants, Milledge hit a solo home run – his first major league career homer – off Giants closer Armando Benítez to tie up the game 6–6 in the bottom of the tenth inning. When the Mets returned to the field the following inning, Milledge, still excited, high-fived the home fans in attendance at Shea as he returned to his position, inciting the ire of his manager and some teammates, not to mention the national sports media. In late September, one of Milledge's Mets teammates placed a sign on his locker which read, "Know Your Place, Rook!" The sign-placer was identified in published reports as then-Mets closer Billy Wagner.2007
After having an impressive spring training both on and off the field, <mask> was named to the Mets' opening day roster. He saw very limited game action, and was subsequently optioned down to AAA New Orleans after the game on April 12 to create room on the roster so that starting pitcher Mike Pelfrey could be called up and make his season debut in the following day's game. In May, it was reported that Milledge appeared in a rap song, "Bend Ya Knees", by Manny D, a childhood friend. The song contained the words "bitch", "ho", and "nigga". The Mets organization responded by saying, "We disapprove of the content, language, and message of this recording, which does not represent the views of the New York Mets." Upon his recovery from a foot injury, Milledge was called up to the major leagues after the All-Star break on July 12. Veteran Julio Franco was designated for assignment to make room for Milledge.On November 30, , <mask> was

masks: Milledge Milledge


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 traded to the Washington Nationals for Ryan Church and Brian Schneider. Washington Nationals

2008
Milledge served as the everyday starting center fielder for the Nationals. Up until the end of June, he had been batting third in the lineup in place of the injured Ryan Zimmerman, posting a .245 average, 7 home runs, and 32 RBI for the season. However, on June 28, he suffered a groin strain, and he was placed on the disabled list the next day. Roger Bernadina was called up to take his place. On July 24, the Nationals activated <mask> from the DL and designated Johnny Estrada for assignment. Milledge went 2 for 18 in his first five games after his return.However, in the month of August, he batted .336 with 6 HR and 16 RBI. 2009
On February 19, Milledge willingly gave up his uniform number, 44 for Adam Dunn, wearing #85 as his birthyear. Milledge began the season as the Nationals' leadoff hitter. Because of his slow start where he batted .167 with 1 RBI and no extra base hits in 24 at-bats, he was optioned down to AAA Syracuse on April 15, 2009. On June 30, 2009, the Nationals traded <mask> and Joel Hanrahan to the Pittsburgh Pirates for Nyjer Morgan and Sean Burnett. Pittsburgh Pirates

2009
Milledge, still rehabbing from an injury that occurred at AAA Syracuse when the trade was made, was assigned to the Pirates' Gulf Coast League team in Bradenton, Florida to complete his rehab, and then moved to the Pirates' AAA affiliate, the Indianapolis Indians, with a short stint at the Lynchburg Hillcats during the AAA all-star break. After recovering from his injury he became the Pirates' everyday left fielder.He showed growth in his work ethic and his glove work


texts:
 improved. He finished a below par 2009 with 11 doubles, 0 triples, 4 home runs, 21 runs batted in, was walked 13 times, struck out 47 times, stole 7 bases, those went along with .276 average, a .323 on-base percentage, a .373 slugging percentage, in 244 at-bats. 2010
In the May 6 game against the Chicago Cubs, Milledge appeared to have hit his first home run of the season in the 4th inning. However, the ball actually hit the top of the left field wall in PNC Park and bounced back into play. As Milledge rounded first base, the stadium fireworks were set off and the celebration music began to play. Chicago outfielder Alfonso Soriano picked up the ball and threw it into the infield where Milledge was tagged out. Milledge was officially credited with a double on the play.On December 2, 2010, Milledge became a free agent when the Pirates elected not to tender a contract offer to him for 2011. Chicago White Sox

On February 3, 2011, the Chicago White Sox signed <mask> to a minor league deal. On March 30, 2011, the White Sox bought <mask>'s minor league contract from the Charlotte Knights, and it was announced that he had made the Sox's 25-man opening day roster. However, on April 7, 2011, the Sox designated <mask> for assignment. He cleared waivers and accepted an outright assignment to Triple-A Charlotte. After the 2011 season, he elected free agency. Tokyo Yakult Swallows

2012
Milledge signed a one-year contract with a club option for a second year with the Tokyo Yakult Swallows on December 27, 2011.Milledge played in 125 games for the Swallows in 2012, hitting .300 with 21 HR and 65 RBI. 2013-15
Milledge signed a three-year, $4.4 million contract with the

masks: Milledge Milledge Milledge


texts:
 Tokyo Yakult Swallows. In four seasons with the Yakult Swallows through 2015, Milledge played in 255 games, batting .272 with 39 home runs and 129 RBIs. Hampered by injuries in 2014–15, Milledge appeared in only a combined 34 games those years. Lancaster Barnstormers
On January 24, 2017, Milledge signed with the Lancaster Barnstormers of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He retired from professional baseball following the season. Personal life
Milledge is an advocate for increasing African-American participation in baseball.When he was an active player, he would spend his offseasons attending youth football and basketball games in an effort to convince black children to give baseball a try. Following his retirement, Milledge opened Manatee Intercity Baseball in Bradenton, Florida, whose mission is to give minority kids an opportunity to learn and play the game. He also owns and operates 1st Round Training, a hitting and training facility in Palmetto, Florida, that aims to mentor and train young players. In 2018, <mask> was married and was expecting his first child with his wife, DePree. Notes

External links

Lastings Milledge Minor League Splits and Situational Stats
Milledge photo

Major League Baseball outfielders
New York Mets players
Washington Nationals players
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Chicago White Sox players
Baseball players from Florida
African-American baseball players
Kingsport Mets players
St. Lucie Mets players
Capital City Bombers players
Binghamton Mets players
Norfolk Tides players
New Orleans Zephyrs players
Gulf Coast Mets players
Columbus Clippers players
Gulf Coast Nationals players
Indianapolis Indians players
Lynchburg


texts:
 Hillcats players
Syracuse Chiefs players
Gulf Coast Pirates players
American expatriate baseball players in Japan
Tokyo Yakult Swallows players
1985 births
Living people
Grand Canyon Rafters players
Tigres de Aragua players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Charlotte Knights players
Charros de Jalisco players
Lancaster Barnstormers players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American


texts:
<mask> (; born 1970) is a Chinese entrepreneur who founded the major touchscreen maker Lens Technology. After the public listing of her company on the Shenzhen ChiNext market in March 2015, her net worth reached US$10 billion, making her the richest woman in China. In 2018, she was named the world's richest self-made woman, with a net worth of $9.8 billion. Early life
<mask> was born in 1970 in Xiangxiang, Hunan province, China, the youngest of three children in a poor family. Before she was born, her father, a former soldier, became partially blinded and lost a finger in an industrial accident in the 1960s. A skilled craftsman, he supported the family by making bamboo baskets and chairs and repairing bicycles. Her mother died when she was five.As a child she helped her family raise animals for sustenance and small profit. Although she was the only one out of her siblings to attend secondary school and showed promise as a bright student, she dropped out at age 16 and moved in with her uncle's family to become a migrant worker in Shenzhen, the special economic zone in Guangdong province. While she briefly considered pursuing a government job for its stability, she discarded the idea as lacking a diploma would make it difficult to do so. In Shenzhen she deliberately chose to work for companies near Shenzhen University, so she could take part-time courses at the university. She studied many subjects and passed the examinations to be certified for accounting, computer operations, customs processing, and even became licensed for driving commercial vehicles. Her biggest regret is not having studied English. Career
Although she dreamed of being a fashion designer, <mask> found a job working for a small family-run firm making watch parts for about 180 yuan a month.Displeased with the working conditions, she decided to quit after three months and submitted a letter of resignation explaining her reasons, yet expressing gratitude for the working opportunity. The letter moved the factory chief to offer her a promotion instead.

masks:
Zhou Qunfei
Zhou Qunfei
Zhou


texts:
 When the factory folded, she established her own company in 1993 at age 22, with her savings of HK$20,000 (~USD$3,000). It was her cousin who encouraged her to start on her own business, and the company began with her brother, sister, their spouses, and two cousins all working out of a three bedroom apartment. The company appealed to customers by promising higher-quality watch lenses. Here, <mask> took a hands on approach and involved herself in all parts of the company, including repairs and creating improved designs of factory machinery. In 2001, she caught her big break when her company won a profitable contract to make mobile phone screens for the Chinese electronics giant TCL Corporation.<mask>i has stated that over the years she has started a total of 11 companies. Lens Technology

In 2003, while still producing watch faces, <mask>'s company received a request from Motorola to develop glass screens for their Razr V3, during a period when the mobile phone industry was transitioning from plastic to glass display screens. Following this, <mask>i started touch-screen maker Lens Technology (named so that it would turn up to potential customers searching "lens" online) in 2003 and the company soon received orders from other mobile-phone makers such as HTC, Nokia, and Samsung Electronics. After producing the touch screens for Apple's iPhone during its 2007 market entry, Lens developed into the dominant player of the industry. Lens Technology now primarily supplies touch-screens to leading electronics makers such as Apple, Samsung, and Huawei, receiving nearly 75% of its revenue from Apple and Samsung. The Apple Watch uses her company's glass and sapphire crystal screens. As of 2017, the company employs about 90,000 people, was expected to churn out more than a billion glass screens, and has 32 different factory locations.On 18 March 2015, the 22nd anniversary of the founding of her first start-up, Lens Technology began trading on the ChiNext A-share market of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. The company's stock price

masks:
Zhou
Zhou Qunfe
Zhou
Zhou Qfe


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 rose by the market's daily limit of 44% on the first day and 10% every subsequent day for 13 days in a row between 19 March and 2 April. This made Lens Technology China's largest technology IPO in the first quarter of 2015. Accomplishments
During Lens' 2015 IPO offering, <mask>'s (who holds 87.9% of the shares, a $7.2 billion stake as of July 2015) net worth rose 452%, dethroning Chen Lihua as China's richest woman. She also holds the position of the world's richest self made woman, and is one of the richest women in the technology sector. Additionally, <mask> is on Forbes lists as #61 in 2016 Power Women, #205 in 2016 Billionaires (#9 out of Hong Kong billionaires), #18 in 2015 China Rich List, and #30 in 2015 Richest in Tech. Fortune ranked her #18 on their 2016 Most Powerful Women of Asia-Pacific list, and she is a newcomer to the list.Bloomberg has ranked her as #211 out of the world's billionaires. Personal life
<mask>i married her former factory boss, had a daughter, and divorced. Her daughter is currently studying overseas. In 2008, she married Zheng Junlong (), a longtime factory colleague who currently serves on the Lens board and has a 1.4% shareholding in the company. They have a seven-year-old son who lives at their Hong Kong family home. The family owns a $27 million estate in Hong Kong. <mask> has stated that although she considers work to be her hobby, she also enjoys mountain climbing and ping pong.<mask>i's rags-to-riches story has been hailed as an inspiration to the millions of migrant workers in China. In an interview with Gansu Television, she said the secret of her success was the desire to learn. References

External links
Official website of Lens Technology
Hexun's reports on <mask>i

Businesspeople from Hunan
1970 births
Living people
Chinese billionaires
Female billionaires
People from Xiangxiang
Chinese women company founders
Chinese computer businesspeople
 Chinese women in business
21st-century Chinese businesswomen
21st-century Chinese businesspeople
Chinese technology company

masks:
Zhou
Zhou
Zhou Qunfe
Zhou
Zhou Qunfe
Zhou Qfe


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<mask> (born November 5, 1971) is a former American football quarterback. He was drafted by the Buffalo Bills in the second round of the 1995 NFL Draft. He played college football at Michigan. <mask> also played for the Kansas City Chiefs and Washington Redskins. After beginning his career as the heir apparent to Jim Kelly and largely failing in that position, he spent the rest of his NFL career as a backup quarterback, spending several years serving behind Elvis Grbac and Trent Green of the Chiefs. He holds the NFL record for longest gap between starts in post-merger history, ten years and two days. <mask> is now the offensive coordinator for the Walpole High School varsity football team.Early years
<mask> was born in Walpole, Massachusetts. <mask> attended Walpole High School, located just a few miles from Foxboro, Massachusetts, the home of the New England Patriots. As a senior he led his football team to a state championship, a feat that helped earn him SuperPrep All-America honors. <mask> was named New England Player of the Year by the Boston Globe. As a junior, he held a 10–0 record for the baseball team as a right-handed pitcher. Also that year, he guided his basketball squad to the state semifinals, garnering 18 points and 10 rebounds a game along the way. College career
<mask> attended and played football at the University of Michigan from 1990 to 1994, though he was redshirted as a freshman in 1990.He completed one of two passes in the Rose Bowl as a redshirt freshman on January 1, 1992, after netting 15 completions on 24 attempts for 135 yards during the regular season. <mask> started two games as a sophomore in 1992 when he completed 66 of 101 passes for 693 yards with seven touchdowns and three interceptions. As an

masks:
Todd Steven Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins


texts:
 All-Big Ten Conference Honorable Mention and Academic All-Big Ten as a junior in 1993, he led the squad to a 42–7 Hall of Fame Bowl victory over NC State. His best collegiate season came that junior year when he hit on 189 of 296 attempts for 2,509 yards with 17 touchdowns and seven interceptions. In his senior season (1994), he connected on 186 of 288 attempts for 2,518 yards with 13 touchdowns and ten interceptions en route to a 24–14 Holiday Bowl win over Colorado State. <mask>' collegiate passing totals read 457 completions on 711 attempts for 5,858 yards with 37 touchdowns and 20 interceptions, which comes out to a 145.0 career quarterback efficiency rating. <mask> and Michigan's 1994 squad are most remembered for beating Notre Dame on a last second field goal by Remy Hamilton and for losing to Colorado on Kordell Stewart's Hail Mary pass known as the Miracle at Michigan.College records
 Holds the record for the best career completion percentage (64.28%) in Michigan history; this is also the second best mark in Big Ten Conference history. Ranks third in Michigan annals in passing efficiency (145.0) behind Elvis Grbac (148.1) and Jim Harbaugh (145.6). His mark is also fifth in conference history. Finished his career at Michigan second only to Grbac in pass attempts, completions, and yards. He now ranks fourth in those three categories having since been passed by John Navarre and Chad Henne. Passed for at least 200 yards in 14 games, the most of any player in Wolverines history to that point. <mask> now ranks fourth in games with 200+ passing yards behind Navarre (28), Henne (26), and Tom Brady (15).Professional career

Buffalo Bills
<mask> was selected in the 1995 NFL Draft by the Buffalo Bills in the second round with the

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 45th overall pick. In 1995, he earned the Bills backup job, playing in seven games with one start. That season, he hit on 14 of 29 attempts for 112 yards with one interception. In 1996, <mask> was the number two Bills quarterback behind Jim Kelly, and saw action in seven games (three starts), completing 55 of 99 attempts (55.6%) with four touchdowns and five interceptions. <mask> was considered Kelly's heir apparent when Kelly announced his retirement following the 1996 season. In 1997, he won the Bills starting job at quarterback after beating out Alex Van Pelt and Billy Joe Hobert in training camp and saw duty in 14 games (13 starts) where he completed 215 of 391 passes (55.0%), good for 2,367 yards with 12 touchdowns, and 13 interceptions. Under <mask>'s leadership, the Bills missed the playoffs for only the second time since 1988, prompting the Bills to release <mask> after one season as starter and sign Rob Johnson and Doug Flutie as his replacements.Kansas City Chiefs
<mask> signed with the Kansas City Chiefs in 1998, where he did not see any regular season game action the first three seasons. For his first three seasons, <mask> was the third-string quarterback behind Rich Gannon and Warren Moon. Between 2001 and 2005, he was listed as the Chiefs’ backup quarterback in all the games, seeing action in 12 games. Washington Redskins
On March 14, 2006, <mask> was signed by the Washington Redskins to a two-year, $2.5 million contract. <mask> was brought in because offensive coordinator Al Saunders had knowledge of <mask> and knew he could assist as a signal caller and backup. On December 6, 2007, <mask> replaced Redskins quarterback Jason Campbell, who was injured. Taking charge of a team depleted by injuries and drained by the

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texts: shooting death of safety Sean Taylor nine days earlier, <mask> completed 15 of 20 passes for 224 yards and two touchdowns, leading the Redskins to a 24–16 victory.<mask> won NFC Offensive Player of the Week honors for his performance against the Chicago Bears. Coach Joe Gibbs was particularly pleased with the performance, saying "I don't know that I've ever had a better performance coming off the bench. Ever." Following the victory over the Chicago Bears (which improved the Redskins to 6–7), <mask> led the Redskins to three more consecutive victories to close out the regular season. Those victories were over the New York Giants, the Minnesota Vikings, and a 27–6 win over the Dallas Cowboys in the season finale. The Redskins' four straight victories at the end of the season left them with a 9–7 record, securing the Redskins' bid for a wild card playoff berth against the Seattle Seahawks. <mask> finished the season with a quarterback rating of 106.4.Following completion of the regular season, he was voted NFC Offensive Player of the Month for December. In the wild card playoff game against the Seahawks, <mask> completed 29 of 50 passes for 266 yards and two touchdowns. He also threw two interceptions in the fourth quarter, both of which were returned for touchdowns by the Seahawks defense. These were <mask>' first interceptions since the 1997 season. The Redskins lost the game by a score of 35–14, eliminating them from further postseason competition. In 2008 and 2009, <mask> again backed up Jason Campbell. On February 29, 2008, despite interest from the Jacksonville Jaguars, <mask> was re-signed by the Redskins.His three-year contract was worth an estimated $9 million. <mask> took no snaps in the 2008 season. In the 2009 season he

masks: Collins Collins Collins Collins Collins Collins Collins Collins Collins


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 saw action in three games as a backup, throwing 12 for 23 for 144 yards. On October 3, 2009, <mask> said he would retire after the 2009 NFL season. On March 4, 2010, <mask> was released by the Redskins. Chicago Bears
In August 2010, <mask> was signed by the Chicago Bears to a one-year deal. Terms of the deal were not disclosed.He started their fourth preseason game. <mask> made the roster as the second-string quarterback after Jay Cutler and ahead of Caleb Hanie. <mask> played for the Bears in the fourth game of the season, beginning the second half of the Week 4 matchup against the New York Giants when starter Jay Cutler suffered a concussion in the first half. <mask> finished that game 4 for 11 for 36 yards, no touchdowns and one interception. The Bears lost 17–3, their first loss of the season, falling to 3–1. He would fill in for Cutler in Week 5 against the Carolina Panthers. In that start, <mask> completed six of 16 passes for 32 yards, threw four interceptions and had a passer rating of 6.2.He was relieved at the end of the third quarter by Caleb Hanie. The Bears won 23–6. <mask> also saw limited action in the Bears' 21–14 NFC Championship game loss to the Packers, relieving the injured Cutler in the third quarter before being replaced by Hanie after suffering a shoulder injury. This was the final game of his career. NFL statistics

Career high in bold

See also
 Lists of Michigan Wolverines football passing leaders

References

External links

1971 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
Buffalo Bills players
Chicago Bears players
Kansas City Chiefs players
Michigan Wolverines football players
Washington Redskins players
People from Walpole, Massachusetts
Players of American football from

masks: Collins Collins Collins Collins Collins Collins Collins Collins


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<mask> (born <mask>; June 23, 1910 in Erzsébetfalva – March 11, 1991 in Budapest) was a renowned Hungarian architect, interior designer, furniture designer and university professor. Career
<mask> began his career as an apprentice in his father's woodworking shop, and in 1926 he was accepted to the furniture design program at the Hungarian Royal School of Applied Arts, where he studied under the tutelage of Gyula Kaesz and Károly Weichinger. Heeding Prof. Weichinger's advice, he applied to and attended the Technical College of Stuttgart in Germany (Technischen Hochschule Stuttgart; today: Universität Stuttgart) between 1929 and 1930, where he studied with Paul Bonatz. <mask> later went on to study with Clemens Holzmeister at the Arts Academy in Düsseldorf (Kunstakademie Düsseldorf), and in 1933 he returned home to Hungary. Following his return, he soon began working and designing furniture for Antal Nagy, and later obtained a position at the design studio of <mask>. In 1935, <mask> was employed by Gyula Kaesz's design firm, but soon began to take on independent projects as well, such as designing family homes, storefronts and interiors. In addition, <mask> submitted a variety of grant proposals during this period while working in partnership with Pál Vince (also known as Pál Weiss), his former classmate from Stuttgart and Düsseldorf.Beginning in 1939, he was repeatedly conscripted into the army: as a sapper, <mask> was sent to

masks:
Lajos Gádoros
Lajos Gonda
Gádoros
Gádoros
Lajos Kozma
Gádoros
Gádoros
Gádoros


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 the Russian battlefront, and served as a liaison officer between the German and Hungarian troops. He was later captured by German forces as a result of his attempt to desert the army of the Axis powers. After the German troops were overpowered by the Allies, <mask> was transported near to the city of Munich, and was held prisoner of war by the Americans. Following his brief confinement, <mask> was released and returned to Budapest

Between 1945 and 1947, <mask> worked for the National Housing Committee and for the Municipal Council of Construction and Public Work. During this same period, he managed a privately held company with his partner Gábor Preisich. After submitting their plans for a grant, they were commissioned to design MÉMOSZ Hall (National Association of Hungarian Contractors). Together they also participated in the design of the Ministry of Interior (today: The Office of the National Assembly) as well as the interior design of Nagyszállo on Margaret Island, known today as the Danubius Grand Hotel Budapest.In 1945, he was elected member of the Division of Applied Arts of the Hungarian Council of Arts, and in 1946, he became secretary of the Circle of New Architecture. In December 1947, <mask> and Imre Perényi co-founded the privately held Center for Architecture. In 1948, he was employed by the de-privatized ÉTI (Institute of Architecture), and in December 1948, he became manager of the Division of Housing at MATI

masks: Gádoros Gádoros Gádoros Gádoros


texts: (Highrise Design Firm). As MATI was re-structured in the fall of 1949 to become KÖZTI (Public Buildings Design Firm and National Enterprise), <mask> was promoted to director. Due to his ability to acquire some of the most renowned architects for KÖZTI, such as István Janaky Sr, Gyula Rimanóczy, Iván Kotsis and István Medgyaszay, the firm became one of the most influential organizations in the field of architecture during the immediate post-war era. As a result of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, <mask> announced his intentions to resign his post as director of KÖZTI, and despite the protest of his colleagues, he eventually stepped down. Between 1957 and 1960, <mask> was designer and principal architect at ÁÉTV (General Architectural and Engineering Company).It was during this time that <mask> won the Star of Gold award at the Expo 58 (also known as the Brussels World's Fair) with his Hungarian Pavilion design, as well as finished his designs for the University of Pécs Medical School. Alongside Pál Sávoly, he played a crucial role in the restoration of Elisabeth Bridge (1961-1964), and in 1960 he was appointed Head of Department of Freehand Drawing in the Faculty of Architecture at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics. In 1966, <mask> took over the position of Head of Department of Public Building Design from his former professor Károly Weichinger. <mask> resigned from his university post as Head of Department

masks: Gádoros Gádoros Gádoros Gádoros Gádoros Gádoros


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 ten years later, in 1976, and in 1980, at the age of seventy, <mask> officially retired. Laying out the plans for the building complex of the Vadaskert Child Psychiatry Hospital and Outpatient Clinic in 1989 was his last professional work. In 1994, <mask>'s family donated his inheritance to the Hungarian Museum of Architecture. <mask> was awarded the prestigious architectural Ybl Prize two times during his lifetime, first in 1953 for the design of Szinkron Studio (Pannonia Film Studio), and later in 1958 together with István Németh for the design of the Hungarian Pavilion at the Brussels World's Fair.For this latter design, <mask> was also bestowed the Order of the Crown by Baudouin, King of the Belgians. In 1962, the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA) awarded him the Candidate of Science degree. He was member of MTA's Architectural Committee, and received his last distinction on June 18, 1984. The award was endorsed by president of the Budapest University of Technology and Economics Dr. Károly Polinszky, and read: "this honorary medal is hereby awarded to retired university professor Dr. <mask> Gadoros for his distinguished accomplishments in the field of education." Awards
 1953 – Ybl Prize – Szinkron Studio (Pannonia Film Studio)
 1958 – Ybl Prize – Hungarian Pavilion at Brussels World's Fair (Expo 58)
 1958 – Order of the Crown - Hungarian Pavilion at Brussels World's Fair (Expo 58)
 1962 – Candidate of Science by

masks: Gádoros Gádoros Gádoros Gádoros Lajos


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 Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)
 1984 – Honorary Medal by Budapest University of Technology and Economics

Selected works
 1935-36 – Mansion of the Emmer family – Sasfiók utca 4, District XII, Budapest, Hungary
 1936 – Storefront of Veres Foto Optika, Vörösmarty ter 6, District V, Budapest, Hungary
 1936-37 – Summerhouse of Gizella Flam, Déva utca 3, Siófok, Hungary
 Interior design and storefront of the Koestlin pastry shops
 1946 – The re-modeling of Félix Perutz's wainwright shop, Kerteskő, Hungary
 1947 – Storefront of Metalloglobusz (in partnership with Gábor Preisich), Bajcsy-Zsilinszky út 24. A korszerű lakás térszükséglete és berendezése [The Spatial Requirements and the Furnishing of the Modern Home]. Budapest.<mask>, <mask> (1956). A lakás berendezése és méretezése [Furnishing and Calculating the Dimensions of Homes]. Budapest. <mask>, <mask> (1978). Középületek tervezése [Designing Public Buildings]. Budapest. Selected essays
 <mask>, <mask> (1947)."A Pauler-utcai telektömbök beépítése [Development of the Pauler Street Land Lots]". Tér es Forma [Space and Form] (11): 246-248. Gádoros, <mask> (1948). "A bútor mint a lakás tervezés alapja [Furniture as the Foundation for Designing Homes]". Új Építészet [New Architecture] (6): 227–234
 Gádoros, <mask> (1949). "Lakásépítkezésünk eredményei és tanulságai [The Results and Lessons of Our Home Development Project]". Építészet-Építés [Architecture-Construction] (1-2):

masks: Gádoros Lajos Gádoros Lajos Gádoros Lajos Lajos Lajos


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 11–16.Gádoros, <mask> (1959). "Brüsszeli világkiállítás 1958 [Brussels Word's Fair 1958]". Magyar Építőművészet [Hungarian Architecture] (1-2): 5–67
 Gádoros, <mask> (1962). "Korszerű klinikák tervezésének néhány elvi kérdése [Various Principles in the Design of Modern Medical Centers]". Építés és Közlekedéstudományi Közlemények [Publications in Architecture and Traffic Engineering] (1): 101–127
 G.L. [Gádoros, Lajos] (1967): "Pécsi Orvostudományi Egyetem Klinikai Főépülete [The Main Building of the University of Pecs Medical School]". Magyar Építőművészet [Hungarian Architecture] (2): 10–16
 Gádoros, <mask> (1984)."Reálisan a szocialista realizmusról [Realistically About Socialist Realism]". Magyar Építőművészet [Hungarian Architecture] (3): 17–19
 <mask>, <mask> (1988). "A brüsszeli világkiállítás magyar pavilonjáról [About the Hungarian Pavilion at the Brussels World's Fair]". Magyar Építőművészet [Hungarian Architecture] (3): 34–35

Exhibitions
 <mask> <mask> (1910-1991) Memorial Exhibition, HAP Galeria, Budapest, Hungary October 12 – November 12, 2010
 Ungarn – Bauten der Aufbruchszeit 1945–1960, Ringturm, Vienna, Austria, March 26 – May 2, 2014
 Hungary – Architectural Works of a New Era, Fuga, Budapest, Hungary, May 22, 2014

References

Új Építészet [New Architecture] (5). 1948. Máté, Major (1948). "A MÉMOSZ új székházának vázlattervei [Blueprints of the New MEMOSZ Hall]".Új Építészet [New Architecture] (3): 99-122.

masks: Lajos Lajos Lajos Gádoros Lajos Lajos Gádoros


texts:
 Ferenc, Merényi (1970). A magyar építészet, 1867-1967 [The Hungarian Architecture, 1867-1967]. Budapest. Jenő, Rados (1971). Magyar építészettörténet [The History of Hungarian Architecture]. Budapest.<mask>, <mask> (1985). "Visszapillantás az elmúlt fél évszázadra. Pályakép és korrajz. [The past Half a Century in Retrospect - Memoir and Portrait of an Era]". A Magyar Képző- és Iparművészek Szövetsége Tájékoztatója [Booklet of the Hungarian Association of Artists in the Applied and Fine Arts]. (1-2): 56
<mask>, <mask> (1987–88). Interview by Ilona Szabóné Dér
<mask>, <mask> (1995).Hajdú, Virág; Prakflavi, Endre, eds. "Önéletrajz [Autobiography]". Lapis angularis. Budapest: 345-371. Róka, Enikő (2000). Fehérvari, Zoltán; Hajdú, Virág; Prakfalvi, Endre, eds. "Az 1958-as brüsszeli világkiállítás magyar pavilonja [The Hungarian Pavilion of the 1958 Brussels World's Fair]".Pavilon építészet a 19-20. században [The Architecture of Pavilions in the 19th & 20th Centuries] (from the archives of the Hungarian Museum of Architecture). Budapest: 169-172. Hajdú, Virág; Prakfalvi, Endre (2006). Fehérvári, Zoltán; Hajdú, Virág; Prakfalvi, Endre, eds. "A Magyar Építőipari Munkások Országos Szövetségének székháza [Hall of the National Workers Association in the Hungarian Construction Industry]". Modern és szocreál - Építészet és tervezés Magyarországon - 1945-1959 [Modern and Socialist Realist - Architecture and Design in Hungary - 1945-1959].

masks: Lajos Gádoros Lajos Gádoros Lajos Gádoros


texts:
 Budapest: 55-80.Fehérvári, Zoltán; Prakflavi, Endre (2006). Fehérvári, Zoltán; Hajdú, Virág; Prakfalvi, Endre, eds. "A Pannónia Filmstúdió Szinkronműterme (The Szinkron Studio of the Pannonia Film Studio)". Modern és szocreál - Építészet és tervezés Magyarországon - 1945-1959 [Modern and Socialist Realist - Architecture and Design in Hungary - 1945-1959]. Budapest: 81-100. Kovács, Dániel. "Kockázatos parti [Hazardous Party]".hg. "A pécsi klinika átalakítása és bővítése [The Reconstruction and Extension of the University of Pécs Medical School]". epiteszforum. Ferkai, András, ed. (2015). KÖZTI 66. Egy tervezőiroda története.[KÖZTI 66 - The History of a Design Studio]. Budapest: Vince. Hungarian architects
1910 births
1991


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<mask> (born 1975 in the United States) is a visual artist and socialist activist based in Melbourne, Australia. He is a graduate of the Victorian College of the Arts. His art is known for its political content and has been the subject of considerable debate and media attention in Australia. Art

Conceptually, McLennan's work tends to be unambiguous and antagonistic from a left-wing perspective, loosely following the traditions of agitprop, anti-art and Institutional Critique, incorporating elements of détournement, readymade or installation. His works have often been characterised as controversial by conservative politicians, journalists and art critics, usually portraying the artist in a negative light. Alternatively, various liberal lawyers, academics and activists have defended his works, usually on the basis of free speech, due to the offence sometimes caused by his art for its often overt left-leaning bias. The artist has expressed public criticisms over Zionism, the War on Terror, Australian nationalism and racism, the mandatory detention of asylum seekers, various political figures and the managerial class of the art world.McLennan has cited the artists John Heartfield and Leon Kuhn as influences. He has work in collections of the National Gallery of Australia and the National Library of Australia. Political affiliations
McLennan is a member of the Trotskyist organisation Socialist Alternative. Previously, he has been associated with the Socialist Alliance, the Stop the War Coalition, Students for Palestine, the Refugee Action Collective, the University of Melbourne Graduate Student Association, the Victorian College of the Arts Student Union and the United Voice trade union. He regularly produces posters for the Australian far left's various political demonstrations and meetings. He has written articles for the publications of both Socialist Alternative and the Socialist Alliance. Controversy

Victorian


texts:
 College of the Arts
In August 2003, McLennan hired a Group 4 Securicor guard to keep gallery punters out of an exhibition opening at the VCA.Group 4 run immigration detention centres in Australia, such as Baxter Detention Centre and the now closed Woomera Detention Centre. The security guard was reportedly humiliated due to the incident which occurred at a time of high criticism of the John Howard government's treatment of asylum seekers. 24seven
In May 2004, McLennan produced Fifty-six, an exhibition designed to coincide with Nakba Day, the title drawing on the number of years since the establishment of Israel. The public exhibition in the shop front window space of 24seven Gallery on one of Melbourne CBD's busy streets, was censored by the City of Melbourne days after it was installed. The installation consisted of a large wall painting of an Israeli flag, with "debatable" statistics on the gallery's window about Israel's treatment of Palestinians. The scandal made international news, many pro-Israel individuals and groups accusing McLennan of antisemitism. This put a number of Victorian political figures such as former Premier Steve Bracks, Lord Mayor John So and former City of Melbourne councillor Kimberly Kitching under pressure to respond.The use of taxpayer's money to fund the space fuelled a lot of the debate. McLennan also deeply outraged some critics by insinuating that the Nazis had a similar position on what they termed degenerate art. McLennan maintains a strong criticism of Israeli policies. Citylights
In August 2004, McLennan displayed State Sponsored, a collection of portraits of Hamas militants, including Sheikh Ahmed Yassin and Dr. Abdul Aziz Rantisi and the dates they were assassinated. The work was exhibited at Citylights project – a public art space in a Melbourne CBD lane way. McLennan was accused of glorifying terrorism by Ted Lapkin, a senior policy analyst of the Australia/Israel & Jewish


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 Affairs Council. Andrew Mac, Citylights' curator and director defended the work on the grounds of diversity of opinion stating the artist's use of "state sponsored" referred to state terrorism.Platform Artists Group
In September 2005, the City of Melbourne intervened to terminate McLennan's Canberra's 18 exhibition shortly before it was scheduled to be shown at the Platform artists group's Artist-run initiative (ARI), Platform 2. The exhibition was to include images of the then 18 Islamic organisations proscribed as terrorists by the Australian Government and the basis for their formation. City of Melbourne Deputy Mayor Gary Singer claimed the proper guidelines were not followed. Human rights campaigner and barrister Julian Burnside claimed the censorship was about governments testing how much Australians would tolerate such occurrences. McLennan accused City of Melbourne of political censorship and appeasing Zionists. Singer's areas of special interests ironically include civil liberties. Monash University
Monash University Art and Design Faculty in Melbourne withdrew McLennan's video Mind the Gap in October 2005, ironically made for the same exhibition Monash had agreed to show the censored Canberra's 18 work.The video contained graphic footage of the beheading of British contractor Kenneth Bigley by Tawhid and Jihad in 2004. The video criticised former British Prime Minister Tony Blair for his role in the Iraq war. The censorship is likely to have been motivated by the Australian Anti-Terrorism Bill 2005, particularly the controversial return to the crime of sedition introduced by the Howard government some weeks later and passed into law the following month; a move highly unpopular amongst the arts sector. Urban Art
City of Melbourne and acting Transport Minister Bob Cameron censored Pay Your Way in January 2006 while McLennan was in residency in Indonesia. The posters – part of the Urbanart ARI program –


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 were displayed in public tram shelters and pulled down only hours later due to complaints. The works featured images of Jean Charles de Menezes, a Brazilian man shot dead by London police and accused Muslim terrorist, Jack Thomas. The works were characterised as racist and Islamophobic, yet McLennan claimed the works were satirising the post 9-11 racism and Islamophobia perpetuated by pro-US governments.McLennan is also a Muslim himself. Thomas' lawyer, Rob Stary attacked the work for jeopardising the trial yet weeks later would defend McLennan publicly against the Footscray police. Trocadero Art Space
Only weeks after the Pay Your Way affair, McLennan's Proudly UnAustralian was removed by the Victoria Police in Melbourne. The exhibition – featuring a burnt Australian flag – took place at Trocadero Art Space who rents a public billboard to exhibiting artists. It was to coincide with the 2006 Australia Day in January. The work was removed some days prior this date and McLennan arrived back in Australia days later to a media furore. The scandal had been criticised as offensive by those such as Federal Liberal Party MP Bronwyn Bishop who attempted to introduce a ban on flag burning, and the national president of the Returned and Services League.Free speech advocates such as the National Association for the Visual Arts and criminal defence lawyer Rob Stary denounced the police's actions as an attack on civil rights. This took place only a few short months after the 2005 Cronulla riots and fuelled the broader debate about racism in Australia. Australian Centre for Contemporary Art
McLennan wrote an article in 2006 criticising the Artistic Director of the Australian Centre for Contemporary Art (ACCA), Juliana Engberg over her reaction to artist and VCA student, Ash Keating and his appropriation of ACCA's waste disposal for the use of his art. The Engberg/Keating scandal became widely known amongst Melbourne art circles


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 from the ACCA exhibition opening where it took place and later through the independent electronic magazine Crikey. McLennan's polemic further fuelled debate over Engberg's credentials. Anna Schwartz Gallery
McLennan featured in Rules of Engagement at Melbourne ARI West Space in May 2007, which dealt with "relationships, power and exchange within the art system" according to the show's curator Mark Feary. McLennan's contribution, Art in a Capitalist Society depicted an authoritative picture of leading private Australian gallerist Anna Schwartz, linked to a quote about exploitation from the Karl Marx treatise Das Kapital.Schwartz has previously criticised McLennan and some have accused McLennan of taking revenge. University of Melbourne
In a July 2009, Farrago interview, McLennan attacked the University of Melbourne over the merger with the Victorian College of the Arts, the Melbourne Model, the liquidation of the VCA Student Union and likened the Vice-chancellor, Glyn Davis' perceived political censorship to Adolf Hitler's use of Fascist Art and Joseph Stalin's use of Socialist Realism. He also depicted Davis and the Provost, Peter McPhee, as Sex Pistols musicians, Johnny Rotten and Sid Vicious in a parody of the Never Mind the Bollocks album cover as well as depicting Davis as the violent psychopath, Alex DeLarge in Stanley Kubrick's film adaptation of A Clockwork Orange. McLennan had previously attacked Davis and the university administration as the former General Secretary of the VCA Student Union. See also
 Victorian College of the Arts Alumni
 Socialist Alternative

References

External links
 <mask> McLennan's web site

Living people
1975 births
American emigrants to Australia
Australian artists
Censorship in the arts
Art controversies
Activists from Melbourne
Australian Trotskyists
Victorian College of the Arts alumni
Australian Muslims
Political artists
People from Washington, D.C.
University of Melbourne


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<mask>, was a Lotharingian count in the 10th century, who held 15 counties in Lotharingia, a "middle kingdom" of the Franks, which was in this period contested for by the larger eastern and western kingdoms surrounding it. He is sometimes referred to as "the elder" in order to distinguish him from his nephew, Bishop <mask> of Utrecht, who was also a powerful count until he became a bishop. Thietmar of Merseburg, describing <mask>'s nephew of the same name, named two paternal uncles, <mask> and Robert, Bishop of Trier. This implies that <mask> the elder is brother to Bishop Robert, who was himself described as a relative to the Ottonians, the royal family at the time. It was Thietmar who described <mask> the elder, the uncle, as a count of 15 counties, and says it was he who sent his nephew to Bruno the great for his education, after he had already spent time with his other uncle. If <mask> was the same as the advocatus of the Abbey of Gembloux in the 950s, as is often thought, then he is described as a blood-relative (consanguineus) of Wicfrid, the founder of that Abbey. He was probably also the rebel who held Chevremont in 939 after the Battle of Andernach, and the death of Duke Gilbert of Lotharingia.Records
Some of the records which are used to describe Anfried's life might have been describing someone else name <mask>, such as his nephew. Not yet described as a count, a first

masks: Ansfried Ansfried Ansfried Ansfried Ansfried Ansfried Ansfried Ansfried


texts: mention might be in 928, in a grant made by Gilbert, Duke of Lotharingia, involving the church of Saint Servatius in Maastricht. Jongbloed suggested this was <mask> the elder partly because another junior witness is named Arnold, and the names Arnold and <mask> appear in later records together. In 939 a count named <mask> is described by Widukind of Corvey as one of the leaders of the Lotharingian people. An Ansfried and an Arnold held the fortification of Chevremont near Liège after the Lotharingians lost the Battle of Andernach in 939. They were talked down by their compatrior Count Immo and captured. Widukind wrote that <mask> was partly convinced by an offer of alliance and marriage with the only daughter of Immo.Jongbloed has argued that this went ahead. However, Karsten points out that Widukind clearly wanted to give the impression that the offer was made in bad faith. After <mask> and Arnold were captured, Widukind reports that Immo advised that <mask>, being as "hard as iron", would need the harshest torments to question him. In 950, a count <mask> "fidelis noster" (our faithful) was mentioned by Louis "d'Outremer", king of West Francia ("France"). Louis had married Gerberga, also present, the former wife of his ally Duke Gilbert of Lotharingia who had died at Andernach. Because this count was a vassal of the western king, there are doubts about whether it could be Ansfried,

masks: Ansfried Ansfried Ansfried Ansfried Ansfried Ansfried Ansfried


texts: whose homeland of Lotharingia was by this time back under control of the eastern kingdom ("Germany"). However, Jongbloed (2009 p.32) argues that during this period the western kingdom was a defeated "quasi protectorate", and so being a double vassal would be possible.Soon after, in a charter of 7 Oct 950, a place called Cassallum, probably Kessel on the left bank of the Maas between Roermond and Venlo, is described as being "in pago Masalant in comitatu Ruodolfi" (in the country of Maasland, in the county of Rudolf), and "cuidam vassallo nostro Ansfrid" (a certain vassal of ours <mask>) is the beneficiary of the rights to have a market and mint in . From this time on, there is disagreement about whether there are any more sightings of the elder <mask> in the records. According to some historians such as Aarts, <mask> the elder is mentioned by Sigebert of Gembloux as the advocate (vogt) of the newly founded Gembloux Abbey in the 950s, the reign of Bishop Balderic II in Liège. Historians who believe this argue that the younger <mask> would have been too young. <mask> on the other hand has argued that this record is incorrectly dated, and that these events in Gembloux must have been in the 980s after young <mask> returned from Italy. There is therefore a similar debate about whether the elder <mask> is also the son named <mask> who observed in a transaction described by Sigebert, who

masks:
Ansfried
Ansfried
Ansfried
Ansfried
Van Winter
Ansfried
Ansfried
Ansfried


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 served as a witness to a transaction between a noble named Lambert and the founder of Abbey, acting on its behalf, Wicbert (also written Guibert etc). However, this <mask> is often suggested to be the younger nephew, and there is also debate about whether this <mask> was in any case son of Lambert or of Wicbert.Nevertheless, all of these people are likely to be related to each other and presumably to share descent from Wicbert's grandparents Gisla and Rothing. When Otto I returned from Italy in early 965, historians such as Aarts think that the Ansfrid who appears in a high position in a list from Liège must be him, and not his nephew who was still young, and who may indeed still have been in Italy. Later in the 960s are two records of a Count Ansfried with a county in or near the Dutch river delta area, one in Varik in Teisterbant, and one in Toxandria. There is also one more charter which connects an Ansfried to the wife of his late Duke Gilbert, in 968, when he was involved in a charter concerning her allodial rights in the area of Meerssen in the Maasland. In July 985, one of the <mask>s, comes illustris vir, was holding the County of Huy, near Liège, which he granted to the bishop of Liège. Notable non-consensus speculations

There are two very notable proposals which have not created a lasting consensus, but which are discussed in secondary literature. 1.<mask> (1902), proposed

masks: Ansfried Ansfried Ansfried Vanderkindere


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 that <mask> was in fact the same person as Ehrenfrid, son of Ricfrid, and that an otherwise unattested sister of this Ehrenfried married the above-mentioned Lambert, the so-called Count of Louvain. The elder <mask>, in this explanation, would actually be Bishop <mask>'s maternal uncle, normally avunculus in Latin. This is no longer widely accepted. 2. Jongbloed (2009), proposed that <mask> the elder married a daughter of Count Immo, based mainly on the story of Widukind mentioned above. He furthermore proposed that this <mask> was, like his nephew with the same name, a founder of the Abbey of Thorn, though the two have later, according to him, become confused. References

Sources
Aarts, Bas (1994) "Ansfried, graaf en bisschop.Een stand van zaken", in: J. Coolen en J. Forschelen (ed. ), Opera Omnia II. Een verzameling geschied- en heemkundige opstellen , 7-85
Aarts, Bas (2009) "Montferland' en de consequenties. De vroege burchten bij Alpertus van Metz", H.L. Janssen en W. Landewé (ed. ), Middeleeuwse Kastelen in veelvoud. Nieuwe Studies over oud erfgoed (Wetenschappelijke Reeks Nederlandse Kastelenstichting 2) pp.13-59.link
Aarts, Bas (2016) "Het 'eeuwige Strijen'. Speurtocht naar de gravin, haar schenking en haar familie" in Van den Eynde & Toorians (eds) Op zand, veen en klei: Liber amicorum Karel Leenders bij gelegenheid van zijn zeventigste verjaardag, Hilversum, Verloren

masks: Ansfried Ansfried Ansfried Ansfried Ansfried


texts:
Bachrach, Berhard S., and Bachrach, David S., (Translators and Editors), Widukind of Corvey’s Deeds of the Saxons, Catholic University Press, Washington, DC, 2014
Baerten (1961) "Les Ansfrid au Xe siècle" Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire 39-4  pp. 1144-1158
Jongbloed, <mask> H., (2006) , "Immed “von Kleve” (um 950) – Das erste Klevische Grafenhaus (ca. 885-ca. 1015) als Vorstufe des geldrischen Fürstentums", Annalen des Historischen Vereins für den Niederrhein, Heft 209
Jongbloed, <mask> H., (2009) "Listige Immo en Herswind. Een politieke wildebras in het Maasdal (938-960) en zijn in Thorn rustende dochter", Jaarboek. Limburgs Geschied- en Oudheidkundig Genootschap vol.145 (2009) pp.9-67
Karsten, (2016) Zwischen Glaube und Welt pp.31-36
<mask>, Léon, La Formation territoriale des principautés belges au Moyen Âge, Bruxelles, H. Lamertin, 1902
van <mask>, (1981) <mask> en Dirk, twee namen uit de Nederlandse geschiedenis van de 10e en 11e eeuw link

Primary sources
Alberic of Trois Fontaines MGH SS XXIII, p.756, year 921
Beyer, <mask> (ed.) Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien (Vol.1)
Flodoard Annales. French ed. by Lauer p.157
Miraeus (Foppens ed.) Opera diplomatica et historica, Vol. I, 2nd ed. p.41
Diplomata Otto I, MGH DD OI no.82 p.161 year 946
Diplomata Otto III, MGH DD OIII

masks: Hein Hein Vanderkindere Winter Ansfried Heinrich


texts:
 p.413 year 985
Oorkonden van Noord-Brabant 690-1312 http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/retroboeken/obnb/
Sigebert of Gembloux, Gesta abbatum Gemblacensium can be found in MGH SS VIII p.528, p.529
Thietmar, Chronicon can be found in MGH SS rer.Germ. NS IX. <mask> of Corvey, Res gestae saxonicae sive annalium can be found in MGH SS rer. Germ. 10th-century Lotharingian


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Admiral of the Fleet Sir <mask>,  (19 October 1916 – 27 September 2006) was a senior officer in the Royal Navy who rose to become First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff in the early 1970s. In the Second World War, he was an officer on ships tasked with protecting convoys in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, and was gunnery officer on the cruiser  when she fought the German battleship Scharnhorst during the Battle of North Cape. He later commanded the aircraft carrier , and hosted Ian Smith on . In retirement, he held the position of King of Arms of the Order of the Bath and Gloucester King of Arms, with responsibility for heraldry in Wales. Early career
Born the son of <mask> and <mask> (née Mason), <mask> was educated at the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth. He joined the Royal Navy as a cadet in 1930, and was posted to the training cruiser HMS Frobisher in January 1934, receiving promotion to midshipman on 1 September 1934, on transfer to the battleship , flagship of the Home Fleet. He was deployed to the Mediterranean in the destroyer HMS Express in September 1935 and saw service with her during the Abyssinian crisis.He was promoted sub-lieutenant on 1 May 1937, and appointed to the cruiser HMS York, flagship of the America and West Indies Station in October 1937 and, after promotion to lieutenant on 1 August 1938, he transferred to the battleship HMS Warspite, based in Malta in June 1939. Second World War
<mask> served in the Second World War, becoming first lieutenant of the old destroyer  in October 1939, escorting shipping across the English Channel to supply the British Expeditionary Force in northern France, and protecting convoys in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. His ship was badly damaged by German aircraft off Dover

masks:
Michael Patrick Pollock
Charles Albert Pollock
Gladys Pollock
Pollock
Pollock


texts: in July 1940. <mask> joined the shore establishment HMS Excellent to train as a gunnery specialist in January 1941, and, having qualified, became a gunnery instructor there, but was then appointed gunnery officer on the light cruiser HMS Arethusa in Alexandria, where he was involved in the struggle to get supplies to Malta. On 18 November 1942, taking part in Operation Stoneage, the mission which effectively relieved the siege of Malta, Arethusa was hit by a torpedo bomber. A fuel tank caught fire, and over a quarter of the crew were killed. Despite severe damage and a rising gale, the ship was towed 450 miles back to Alexandria for repairs.<mask> was mentioned in despatches for his actions. <mask> was appointed gunnery officer on the heavy cruiser  in October 1943, tasked with protecting convoys to and from north Russia. Alerted by Enigma intercepts decoded at Bletchley Park, and assisted by radar, his ship and fellow cruisers  and  twice intercepted Scharnhorst and its six accompanying destroyers when they attempted to attack two Arctic convoys (JW 55B travelling to and RA 55A travelling from Murmansk) in late December 1943. The 8-inch guns of Norfolk recorded two hits on Scharnhorst, but Norfolk was damaged by return fire from Scharnhorst's 11-inch guns on 26 December. <mask> was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) for his actions. Scharnhorst was attacked by the battleship HMS Duke of York later that day and sunk, in the Royal Navy's last battleship action. He remained with Norfolk while she was repaired on the Tyne, and so missed D-Day, and was involved in further action off the coast of Norway.He was on Norfolk, visiting Malta en route to the Far East, when the Japanese surrendered on 15 August 1945. In addition to

masks: Pollock Pollock Pollock Pollock


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 the DSC, <mask> was mentioned in dispatches on two further occasions for his actions on Norfolk. Post-war naval career
After the war, <mask> was involved in actions by Norfolk to provide gunfire support against insurgents in the Malayan Emergency and also in Java. He returned to HMS Excellent as a gunnery instructor in January 1946 and, having been promoted to lieutenant commander on 1 June 1946, became an application officer at the Admiralty Signals Research Establishment in August 1947. He became Fleet Gunnery Officer to the Commander-in-Chief, America and West Indies Station in October 1949. Promoted to commander on 30 June 1950, he became Commander (G) at the Chatham Gunnery School in November 1950 and helped organise the funeral of King George VI, at which he was second-in-command of the naval contingent, in February 1952; it was in recognition of this that he was subsequently appointed a Lieutenant of the Royal Victorian Order. He became Commander of the Junior Officers' War Course at the Royal Naval College, Greenwich, in September 1952 and second-in-command of the light cruiser , the flagship of the Far East Fleet, in June 1954.In Newcastle he saw action in the Korean War and then in the Malayan Emergency. Promoted to captain on 30 June 1955, he became Assistant Director of Plans (Warfare) at the Admiralty in January 1956 and then became as Captain (D) at Portsmouth as well as Commanding Officer of the destroyer HMS Vigo in February 1958. After a tour as Director, Surface Weapons at the Admiralty's shore establishment at Bath commencing in January 1960, he was considered for command of the cruiser HMS Blake, but instead was given command of the aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal in January 1963. At this time HMS Ark Royal was

masks: Pollock Pollock