texts: Nursia, Cyril and Methodius, Bridget of Sweden, and Catherine of Siena.Today there are many schools named in tribute to her, for example in her hometown, Lubliniec, Poland  Darmstadt, Germany, Hengelo, Netherlands, and Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. Also named for her are a women's dormitory at the University of Tübingen and a classroom building at The College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts. Lubliniec in Poland hosts Edith Stein Museum (Muzeum Pro Memoria Edith Stein) localised on the first floor of the Courant family house (<mask>'s grandparents' family home). Wroclaw hosts a museum called Edith Stein House localised in the house <mask>'s mother bought for the family in 1919 on the street then called Michaelisstrasse 38 (today Nowowiejska 38). The philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre published a book in 2006 titled <mask>: A Philosophical Prologue, 1913–1922, in which he contrasted her living of her own personal philosophy with Martin Heidegger, whose actions during the Nazi era, according to MacIntyre, suggested a "bifurcation of personality." Playwright Arthur Giron wrote <mask>, a play that was inspired by <mask>'s life. It was produced at the Pittsburgh Public Theater in 1988.In 1988, <mask> was pictured on a German postage stamp with Rupert Mayer SJ in honor of their beatification. In 1995, Hungarian film director Márta Mészáros made a movie about the life and death of <mask> with the title A hetedik szoba (The Seventh Room/Chamber), starring Maia Morgenstern. In 1999, a memorial statue by German

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type: original

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 sculptor Bert Gerresheim was dedicated in Cologne, Germany. The statue comprises three different views of <mask> reflecting her Jewish and Christian faith, and a pile of empty shoes representing the victims of the holocaust. In 2007, <mask>'s life and work was dramatised in the novel Winter Under Water (Picador, London) by author James Hopkin. In 2008, the first Stolperstein () that was ever laid in Poland was placed near <mask>'s childhood home at 38 ul. Nowowiejska (formerly the Michaelisstraße) in Wrocław.Other Stolpersteine for her are in Cologne (several) and Freiburg. In 2009, her bust was installed at the Walhalla Memorial near Regensburg, Germany. In June 2009 the International Association for the Study of the Philosophy of Edith Stein (IASPES) was founded, and held its first international conference at Maynooth University, Ireland, in order to advance the philosophical writings of <mask>. On 6 June 2014, the 70th anniversary of D-Day, a bell dedicated to her was named by Prince Charles at Bayeux Cathedral. Also in 2014, the book <mask> and Regina Jonas: Religious Visionaries in the Time of the Death Camps, by Emily Leah Silverman, was published. Controversy as to the cause of her murder
The beatification of St. Teresa Benedicta as a martyr generated criticism. Critics argued that she was murdered because she was Jewish by birth, rather than for her Christian faith, and that, in the words of Daniel Polish, the beatification seemed to "carry the tacit message encouraging conversionary activities" because

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 "official discussion of the beatification seemed to make a point of conjoining <mask>'s Catholic faith with her death with 'fellow Jews' in Auschwitz."The position of the Catholic Church is that St. Teresa Benedicta also died because of the Dutch episcopacy's public condemnation of Nazi racism in 1942; in other words, that she died because of the moral teaching of the Church and is thus a true martyr. Gallery

Bibliography

For a detailed chronology of <mask>'s writings see IASPES' website. Primary literature

In German

 1917, Zum Problem der Einfühlung Halle: Buchdruckerei des Waisenhauses. (Doctoral Thesis). 1916-1220, Einführung in die Philosophie, lectures taught at a proseminar in Freiburg in 1916-1918 and, later, privately in Breslau in Edith Stein House in 1920
 1921, Freiheit und Gnade. This work has for years been wrongly identified and quoted as Die ontische Struktur der Person und ihre erkenntnistheoretische Problematik, a title that appeared in print after WWII due to an incorrect connection between title page and work. 1922, Beiträge zur philosophischen Begründung der Psychologie und der Geisteswissenschaften, in Jahrbuch für Philosophie und phänomenologische Forschung 5, Halle: Max Niemeyer, 1-284.1924, Was ist Phänomenologie? 1924, Was ist Philosophie? Ein Gespräch zwischen Edmund Husserl und Thomas von Aquino
 1925, Eine Untersuchung über den Staat, in Jahrbuch für Philosophie und phänomenologische Forschung 7, Halle: Max Niemeyer, 1-123. 1929, Husserls Phänomenologie und die Philosophie des

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 heiligen Thomas von Aquino. Versuch einer Gegenüberstellung, in Festschrift Edmund Husserl zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet, (Jahrbuch für Philosophie und phänomenologische Forschung 10), Ergänzungsband, Halle: Max Niemeyer, 315–338. 1930/1931, Die weltanschauliche Bedeutung der Phänomenologie
1931, Potenz und Akt.Studien zu einer Philosophie des Seins
1932, Der Aufbau der menschlichen Person. Vorlesung zur philosophischen Anthropologie
1933, Was ist der Mensch? Theologische Anthropologie. Das Menschenbild unseres Glaubens
1928-1933, Die Frau. Fragestellungen und Reflexionen
1935/1936, Endliches und ewiges Sein. Versuch eines Aufstiegs zum Sinn des Seins, written with two supplements:
Die Seelenburg zu Endliches und ewiges Sein
Martin Heidegger’s Existenzphilosophie
1940/1941, Wege der Gotteserkenntnis. Studie zu Dionysius Areopagita
1941/1942, Kreuzeswissenschaft.Studie über Johannes vom Kreuz

Contemporary critical edition
(<mask> Gesamtausgabe, Herder 2000-2020) with English and Polish translations available
 ESGA 1: <mask>., Aus dem Leben einer jüdischen Familie und weitere autobiographische Beiträge, Herder, Freiburg 2002. English translation: CWES 1: Life in a Jewish Family: Her Unfinished Autobiographical Account, trans. Josephine Koeppel in: The Collected Works of <mask>. Volume 1, ICS Publications, Washington D.C. 1986;
 Polish translation: ESGA PL 1: Dzieje pewnej rodziny żydowskiej, trans. Immakulata J. Adamska, Wydawnictwo Karmelitów Bosych, Cracow 2005. ESGA 2: <mask>., Selbstbildnis in Briefen I. Erster

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texts: Teil 1916-1933, Herder, Freiburg 2000. English translation: CWES 5: Self-portrait in Letters 1916-1942, trans.Josephine Koeppel in: The Collected Works of <mask>. Volume 1, ICS Publications, Washington D.C. 1993. Polish translation: Autoportret z listów I, trans. Immakulata J. Adamska, Anna Talarek, Wydawnictwo Karmelitów Bosych, Cracow 2003. ESGA 3: <mask>., Selbstbildnis in Briefen II. Zweiter Teil 1933-1942, Herder, Freiburg 2000. Polish translation: ESGA PL 3: Autoportret z listów II, trans.Immakulata J. Adamska, Anna Talarek, Wydawnictwo Karmelitów Bosych, Cracow 2003. ESGA 4: <mask>., Selbstbildnis in Briefen III. Briefe an Roman Ingarden, Herder, Freiburg 2005. English translation: CWES 12: Self-Portrait in Letters, trans. Hugh Candler Hunt, ICS Publications, Washington D.C. 2001. Polish translation ESGA PL 4: Autoportret z listów. Cz.3. Listy do Romana Ingardena trans. Małgorzata Klentak-Zabłocka, Andrzej Wajs, Wydawnictwo Karmelitów Bosych, Cracow 2003; an older Polish translation: PL 4: Spór o prawdę istnienia. Listy <mask> do Romana Ingardena, trans. Małgorzata Klentak-Zabłocka, Andrzej Wajs, Wydawnictwo M, Warsaw 1994. ESGA 5: <mask>., Zum Problem der Einfühlung, Herder, Freiburg-Basel-Wien 2008. English translation: CWES 3: On the problem of empathy, trans.Waltraut <mask>, ICS Publications, Washington D.C. 1989. Polish translation: O zagadnieniu wczucia, trans. Danuta Gierulanka, Jerzy F. Gierula, Znak, Cracow 1988. ESGA 6: <mask>., Beiträge zur philosophischen Begründung der Psychologie und der

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 Geisteswissenschaften, Herder, Freiburg-Basel-Wien 2010. English translation: CWES 7: Philosophy of Psychology and the Humanities, trans. Mary Catharine Baseheart, Marianne Sawicki, ICS Publications, Washington D.C. 2000;
 Polish translation: ESGA PL 6: Filozofia psychologii i humanistyki, trans. Piotr Janik SJ, Marcin Baran SJ, Jolanta Gaca, Wydawnictwo Karmelitów Bosych, Cracow 2016.ESGA 7: <mask>., Eine Untersuchung über den Staat, Herder, Freiburg-Basel-Wien 2006. English translation: CWES 10: An Investigation Concerning the State, trans. Marianne Sawicki, ICS Publication, Washington D.C. 2006. ESGA 8: <mask>., Einführung in die Philosophie, Herder, Freiburg-Basel-Wien 2004. No translation is available. ESGA 9: <mask>., ‘Freiheit und Gnade’ und weitere Beiträge zu Phänomenologie und Ontologie, Herder, Freiburg-Basel-Wien 2014. English translation: CWES 8: Husserl and Aquinas.A Comparison, in: CWES 8: Knowledge and Faith, trans. Walter Redmond, ICS Publications, Washington D.C. 2000, pp. 1-64. Older translation is available in: M. C. Baseheart, Person in the World: Introduction to the Philosophy of <mask>, Kluwer, Dordrecht 1997, pp. 129-144, transl. by M. C. Baseheart. Polish translation of Was Ist Philosophie?Ein Gespräch zwischen Edmund Husserl und Thomas von Aquino is Co to jest filozofia? Rozmowa między Edmundem Husserlem a Tomaszem z Akwinu, in: PL 9: Światło rozumu i wiary. Duchowa droga Edyty Stein św. Teresy Benedykty od Krzyża, Totaldruk, Poznań 2002, pp. 29-77. ESGA 10: <mask>., Potenz und Akt.

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texts: Studien zu einer Philosophie des Seins, Herder, Freiburg-Basel-Wien 2005.English translation: CWES 11: Potency and Act, Studies Toward a Philosophy of Being, trans. Walter Redmond, ICS Publications, Washington D.C. 2009. ESGA 11/12: <mask>., Endliches und ewiges Sein. Versuch eines Aufstiegs zum Sinn des Seins. Anhang: Martin Heideggers Existenzphilosophie. Die Seelenburg, Herder, Freiburg-Basel-Wien 2006. English translation: CWES 9: Finite and eternal being, trans.K. F. Reinhardt, ICS Publications, Washington D.C. 2002. Polish translation: PL 11/12a: Byt skończony a byt wieczny, trans. Immakulata J. Adamska OCD, W drodze, Poznań 1995. The appendixes (Die Seelenburg and Martin Heideggers Existenzphilosophie) are translated in: PL 11/12b: Twierdza duchowa, trans. Immakulata J. Adamska, Zysk i S-ka, Poznań 2006, 93-122 and 135-203. ESGA 13: <mask>., Die Frau. Fragestellungen und Reflexionen, Freiburg-Basel-Wien 2000, Herder.English translation: CWES 2: The Collected Works of <mask>. Volume II. Essays on Woman, trans. F. M. Oben, Washington D.C. 1996, ICS Publications. Polish translation: ESGA PL 13: Kobieta. Pytania i refleksje, trans. Wiesław Szymona, Wydawnictwo Karmelitów Bosych, Cracow 2015.ESGA 14: <mask>., Der Aufbau der menschlichen Person. Vorlesung zum philosophischen Anthropologie, Freiburg-Basel-Wien 1994, Herder, Freiburg 2004. Polish translation: ESGA PL 14: Budowa osoby ludzkiej. Wykład z antropologii filozoficznej, trans. Grzegorz Sowinski, Wydawnictwo Karmelitów Bosych, Cracow 2015. ESGA 15:

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texts:
 <mask>., Was is der Mensch? Theologische Anthropologie, Freiburg-Basel-Wien 2005, Herder.Polish translation: ESGA PL 15: Czym jest człowiek? Antropologia teologiczna, trans. Grzegorz Sowinski, Wydawnictwo Karmelitów Bosych, Cracow 2012. ESGA 16: <mask>., Bildung und Entfaltung der Individualität. Beiträge zum christlichen Erziehungsauftrag, Herder, Freiburg-Basel-Wien 2001. ESGA 17: <mask>., Wege der Gotteserkenntnis. Studie zu Dionysius Areopagita und Übersetzung seiner Werke, Herder, Freiburg-Basel-Wien 2013.Polish translation: Drogi poznania Boga: studium o Dionizym Areopagicie i przekład jego dzieł, trans. Grzegorz Sowinski, Wydawnictwo Karmelitów Bosych, Cracow 2006. ESGA 18: Kreuzeswissenschaft. Studie über Johannes vom Kreuz, Herder, Freiburg-Basel-Wien 2003. English translation: CWES 6: The Science of the Cross, trans. Josephine Koeppel, ICS Publications, Washington D.C. 2002;
 Polish translation: Wiedza Krzyża. Studium o św.Janie od Krzyża, trans. Immakulata J. Adamska, Grzegorz Sowinski, Wydawnictwo Karmelitów Bosych, Cracow 2013. ESGA 19: Geistliche Texte I, Freiburg-Basel-Wien 2009, Herder. English translation: The Hidden Life: Essays, Meditations, Spiritual Texts, trans. Waltraut <mask> in: The Collected Works of <mask>. Volume IV, ICS Publications, Washington D.C. 2014. ESGA 20: Geistliche Texte II, Freiburg-Basel-Wien 2007, Herder.English translation: ESGA EN 4: The Hidden Life: Essays, Meditations, Spiritual Texts, trans. Waltraut <mask> in: The Collected Works of <mask>. Volume IV, ICS

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texts:
 Publications, Washington D.C. 2014. ESGA 21: Übersetzung von John Henry Newman, Die Idee der Universität, Freiburg-Basel-Wien 2014, Herder. ESGA 22: Übersetzung von John Henry Newman, Briefe und Texte zur ersten Lebenshälfte (1801–1846), Freiburg-Basel-Wien 2004, Herder. ESGA 23: Übersetzung: Des Hl. Thomas von Aquino Untersuchungen über die Wahrheit - Quaestiones disputatae de veritate 1, Freiburg-Basel-Wien 2014, Herder.ESGA 24: Übersetzung: Des Hl. Thomas von Aquino Untersuchungen über die Wahrheit - Quaestiones disputatae de veritate 2, Freiburg-Basel-Wien 2002, Herder. ESGA 25: Übersetzung von Alexandre Koyré, Descartes und die Scholastik, Freiburg-Basel-Wien 2008, Herder. ESGA 26: Übersetzung: Thomas von Aquin, Über das Seiende und das Wesen - De ente et essentia - mit den Roland-Gosselin-Exzerpten. Eingeführt und bearbeitet von Andreas Speer und Francesco Valerio Tommasi, Freiburg-Basel-Wien 2008, Herder. ESGA 27: Miscellanea thomistica, Freiburg-Basel-Wien 2013, Herder. See also
 St. Teresa Benedicta of the Cross OCD, patron saint archive

Notes

References

Further reading

 Maskulak, Marian, ed.2016. <mask>: Selected Writings. New York: Paulist


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Major General <mask>,  (20 October 1863 – 27 September 1915) was a highly decorated and senior British Army officer who served with distinction in the Second Boer War and was a divisional commander during the First World War. At the Battle of Loos in 1915, <mask> was shot by a sniper as he reconnoitered the front line during an assault by his division on German positions. He died the next day in a casualty clearing station from wounds to both lungs; his grave is in the nearby Lillers Communal Cemetery. <mask> was an active and vigorous soldier who had been wounded just six months before his death in an accidental grenade detonation. Shortly before this wound he had been knighted by King George V for his service in command of his division during the First Battle of Ypres. Field Marshal Sir John French commented upon his death that "he was a most distinguished and capable leader and his death will be severely felt." He was also a keen military historian and his collected papers are currently stored at the Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives at King's College London.Early career
<mask> was born in October 1863 to William and <mask> (née Copeland). <mask> was a civil servant with the Bengal Civil Service and Sarah was the daughter of industrialist William Copeland. <mask> and his elder brother John were born in Lucknow but at a young age were sent to England for their education. <mask> attended Haileybury and Imperial Service College and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst before being commissioned into the East Lancashire Regiment as a lieutenant on 9 September 1882. He was employed on home service for the next ten years and whilst serving as regimental adjutant was promoted to captain on 22 April 1891, attending Staff College before being transferred with his unit to India. It was in India that <mask> saw his first action, when in 1895 his regiment was attached to a force sent to the Indian-Afghan border to relieve a trapped British force in Chitral.

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 Three years later he was again in action as an advisor to an Egyptian unit of the Anglo-Egyptian army under Horatio Kitchener which travelled down the Nile in the final campaign of the Mahdist War.During these operations, <mask> participated in the battle of Atbara and was with the force which fought in the culminating Battle of Omdurman. He received a brevet promotion as major on 16 November 1898. South African service
The following year, 1899, <mask> and his regiment were again engaged in Africa, being transported to South Africa to serve in the Second Boer War. There <mask> performed his duties with distinction for the next three years, being heavily engaged at the defeat of Spion Kop and participating in the relief of Ladysmith in early 1900. He remained in South Africa engaged in guerilla operations against the Boer forces until the armistice of May 1902, commanding a flying column in the Cape Colony. During the war, he received a brevet appointment as lieutenant colonel on 29 November 1900, and was promoted to the substantive rank of major on 5 December 1901. Following the war's conclusion in June 1902, <mask> was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) on his return home.He was also awarded the Queen's South Africa Medal with six clasps and the King's South Africa Medal with two clasps in recognition of his service during the war, and was twice Mentioned in Despatches. <mask> returned to the United Kingdom in the SS Dunottar Castle, which arrived at Southampton in July 1902. Staff career
After his return, <mask> was initially selected as a deputy-assistant adjutant-general on the divisional staff of the 1st Army corps at Aldershot, but as an experienced staff officer, he was shortly thereafter given a post as a professor at the Staff College, Camberley from December 1902 to 1904. He was promoted to brevet colonel on 11 December 1904. He was then transferred to the Staff College, Quetta in India as commandant (and substantive colonel). It has been

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 suggested that this move was initiated by jealous colleagues at the college due to his ability as a teacher and tactician. He retained this position until 1911, teaching the lessons of the Russo-Japanese War and emphasising the importance of "attacking dash" as the best means of overcoming entrenched positions.He came into contact with numerous important figures of the First World War through this work, including Douglas Haig, with whom he did not get on and Hubert Gough, who admired his "spirit of self-sacrifice and duty, instead of the idea of playing for safety and seeking only to avoid getting into trouble". He also amassed a prodigious collection of military literature during his research and teaching. In 1906 he was promoted to temporary Brigadier–General and in 1908 he married Winifride Mary, with whom he would have one son. In 1910 his work at the staff college was recognised with the award of the Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the King's Birthday Honours. In 1911, after a brief period of half-pay in his permanent rank of Colonel, <mask> was transferred from India to Ireland, where he commanded the 13th Infantry Brigade until 1913. He returned to Ireland briefly a year later in the aftermath of the Curragh Incident, to support his friend Hubert Gough. During early 1914, <mask> was briefly the Inspector of Infantry but in the emergency of the summer of 1914 he was promoted to substantive Major-General and posted to the regular 7th Division, which was sent to the Western Front.First World War
During the opening months of the war, <mask> busied himself with organising the new division placed under his command; the work involved in this task meant that the division was not ready for action until October 1914. On 6 October 7th Division arrived at Zeebrugge just as the German forces began to push into that area as part of the "Race for the Sea". Initially forced back, <mask>'s division covered the Belgian withdrawal to the Yser and then held the

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 line near the town of Ypres. For the next two months, the 7th Division was embroiled in bitter fighting at the First Battle of Ypres, when they were crucial in stopping the German advance but lost over 10,000 men. The Times later stated that "no one but <mask> himself could, night after night, by the sheer force of his personality, have reconstituted from the shattered fragments of battalions a fighting line that could last through tomorrow". For the service he and his men provided during the battle, <mask> was awarded a knighthood as a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in early 1915. Remaining on the front lines during the winter of 1914–1915, <mask>'s men held the German advance and were given some respite in early 1915 with the arrival of territorial divisions.It was during one of these rest periods that <mask> was seriously wounded when in April 1915 he was struck in the shoulder by shrapnel from a "Jam-tin bomb" during a demonstration of improvised grenades being held behind the lines. He was temporarily replaced by General Gough and returned to England to convalesce, but was back with the 7th Division on 19 July 1915. Battle of Loos

In late September 1915, the division was assigned to participate in the Battle of Loos against fortified German positions at Loos-en-Gohelle and Hulluch. Advancing on 26 September against furious German opposition, the 7th Division was held up several times and <mask> visited the frontline to view the enemy for himself from the captured trenches. Urging his men into a final assault, <mask> stayed behind to view the field and was struck by a sniper's bullet fired from houses along the line of advance which were thought to have been abandoned. The assault failed and <mask> was discovered by his retreating units and taken to Number 6 Casualty Clearing Station at Lillers to the rear of British lines personally by Captain O'Reilly, a medical officer. O'Reilly had gone out at 8pm to bring <mask> in from the

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 battlefield (the war diary suggests that <mask> had been wounded at 5.50pm) and had arranged for the wound to be dressed at the Divisional Collecting Station before onward transfer to the CCS – O'Reilly was subsequently recommended for the Military Cross.The bullet had penetrated both lungs, and doctors gave no hope of survival. Major-General Sir <mask> died the following day, on 27 September 1915 in the casualty clearing station. His division had lost over 5,200 men killed or wounded in just three days of fighting. Following his death, a rumour abounded that he had been killed charging the German lines on horseback. This story has persisted despite eye-witness accounts to the contrary. <mask> was buried in Lillers Communal Cemetery behind British lines and his grave is marked by a Commonwealth War Graves Commission headstone bearing the inscription TOMMY. He is also commemorated on the War Memorial in Rayne, Essex, where he spent much of his boyhood with his uncle, the Rector of Rayne, Rev W S Hemming.His collected papers were donated to King's College in 1971, where they are still available to researchers and contain a wide selection of primary materials concerning the warfare of the early twentieth century. Notes

References

|-

1863 births
1915 deaths
People educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College
Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
East Lancashire Regiment officers
British military personnel of the Chitral Expedition
British Army personnel of the Mahdist War
British Army personnel of the Second Boer War
British Army generals of World War I
British military personnel killed in World War I
Military personnel from Lucknow
People from Braintree District
Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley
Commandants of the Staff College, Quetta
British Army generals
Academics of the Staff College,

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texts: Florian Cloud de Bounevialle O'Malley Armstrong (born 25 December 1971), known professionally as <mask> ( ), is an English singer and songwriter. She attained international success with her debut album No Angel (1999). Hit singles from the album include "Here with Me" and "Thank You". It sold over 21 million copies worldwide, and won her several awards, including two Brit Awards: Best British Female and Best British Album, and the MTV Europe Music Award for Best New Act. The first verse of "Thank You" is sampled in "Stan", a collaboration with American rapper Eminem. Her next album, Life for Rent (2003), continued her success with the hit singles "White Flag" and "Life for Rent". In 2004, Dido performed with other British and Irish artists in the Band Aid 20 version of the charity single "Do They Know It's Christmas?".<mask>'s first two albums are among the best-selling albums in UK chart history, and both are in the top 10 best-selling albums of the 2000s in the UK. Her third studio album, Safe Trip Home (2008), received critical acclaim but failed to duplicate the commercial success of her previous efforts. She was nominated for an Academy Award for the song "If I Rise". <mask> was ranked No. 98 on the Billboard chart of the top Billboard 200 artists of the 2000s (2000–2009) based on the success of her albums in the first decade of the 21st century. <mask> made a comeback in 2013, releasing her fourth studio album Girl Who Got Away, which reached the top 5 in the UK. Having taken time out of the music industry to raise her son, she reappeared on stage at the 2013 Reading and Leeds festival where she reunited with Eminem.<mask> released her fifth studio album, Still on My Mind, on 8 March 2019 and embarked on her first tour in 15 years in support of the new album. In May 2019, <mask> received the Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Song Collection from the British Academy of

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 Songwriters, Composers, and Authors. Early life

<mask> was born Florian Cloud de Bounevialle Armstrong, at St. Mary Abbot's Hospital in Kensington, on Christmas Day in 1971. As she was born on Christmas Day, she also celebrates an "official birthday" on 25 June, following the example of Paddington Bear. Her mother, Clare (née Collins), is a poet of French ancestry, and her father, William O'Malley Armstrong (1938–2006), was an Irish publisher and former managing director of Sidgwick & Jackson. Her elder brother, Rowland Constantine O'Malley Armstrong, is better known as record producer Rollo, part of the British electronica trio Faithless. Despite their birth names, the pair were known from childhood by the names <mask> and Rollo.<mask> considers hers as her real name, not simply a stage name or nickname. As a child, she had to deal with her birth name's ambiguous and unusual nature, which led to her being bullied and even to her pretending to have an ordinary name. In a 2001 interview, she said "To be called one thing and christened another is actually very confusing and annoying. It's one of the most irritating things that my parents did to me. ... Florian is a German man's name. That's just mean. To give your child a whole lot of odd names.They were all so embarrassing. ... I thought it was cruel to call me <mask> and then expect me to just deal with it." The name "<mask>" derives from the legendary Queen of Carthage. <mask> was educated at Thornhill Primary School in Islington, Dallington School, City of London Girls' and Westminster School, where she was taught by the contemporary musician and Head of Academic Music, Sinan Savaskan. After she stole a recorder from school at the age of five, her parents enrolled her at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London. By the time she reached her teens, she had learned to play the piano, recorder, and the violin.She later


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 studied law at Birkbeck, University of London, while working as a literary agent. She never completed the degree, deciding instead to take up music full-time. Career

1995–1996: Early recordings
In 1995, Dido began recording 10 demo tracks which were put together on a collection entitled Odds & Ends and sent out by Nettwerk management. Nettwerk had signed her after she was brought to their attention by her collaborations with Faithless, the UK dance act spearheaded by her brother, Rollo Armstrong (Dido co-wrote and provided vocals for album tracks, such as "Flowerstand Man" and "Hem of His Garment"). The collection was released by Nettwerk on CD-R acetate in 1995 and featured a mixture of finished productions and demo versions which she later considered for release on her 1999 debut album, No Angel. Odds & Ends brought her to the attention of A&R Peter Edge at Arista Records, who signed her in the US in late 1996, and negotiated a co-sign deal with her brother's independent record label, Cheeky Records. Of the tracks included on Odds & Ends, "Take My Hand" was included on all editions of No Angel as a bonus track; "Sweet Eyed Baby" was remixed and renamed to "Don't Think of Me", while "Worthless" and "Me" were released exclusively on the Japanese edition.Peter Leak became <mask>'s manager during the recording of No Angel after Edge played some of the in-progress recordings and been "blown away" by them. 1998–2002: No Angel and breakthrough
Cheeky Records, to which <mask> was signed, was sold to BMG records in 1999. This delayed the release of the album No Angel in the United Kingdom, but also allowed her to concentrate on promoting No Angel in the United States, including a slot on Sarah McLachlan's Lilith Fair tour. Through touring, both before and after the album was available, <mask>'s music began to receive more exposure. The first official single chosen by Dido and her

masks: Dido Dido Dido


texts: label, "Here with Me", initially struggled to make an impact on radio, but while the label were considering switching to an alternative track, the song made a breakthrough as a result of its use in television programme Roswell. The song was used as the theme music of the show, but it was actually when it was played in its entirety during the season finale that it really made an impact with audiences. Manager Peter Leak told HitQuarters that sales jumped from 2,000 to 9,000 units during the week of the show's transmission.Arguably it was this, as well as the airplay on MTV throughout Europe of the single's video, which brought her mass attention. Subsequently, the song was used in the British romantic comedy Love Actually. In 1998, the music producer for the film Sliding Doors picked her track "Thank You" for the soundtrack. No Angel was released in 1999, and <mask> toured extensively to promote the record. American rapper Eminem helped introduce <mask> to a US audience in 2000 when he received permission from <mask> herself to sample the first verse of "Thank You" in his hit single "Stan". <mask> also appeared in the music video as Stan's pregnant girlfriend. She did not want to do the video at first, as she was uncomfortable with the scene in the video where she had to be tied up and have her mouth covered with duct tape, but later agreed to it and got along well with Eminem and the crew on set.In North America, the video usually aired with the trunk scene censored. Interest soared in her debut album, leading it to hit charts in Europe on import sales alone, charting in the top five on the UK Albums Chart before its official UK re-release. No Angel went on to become the top-selling album of 2001 worldwide, debuting at, and returning to, number one in the official UK Albums Chart many times throughout the year. It spawned two top ten hit singles, "Here with Me" and "Thank You",

masks: Dido Dido Dido Dido


texts:
 a further top twenty hit, "Hunter" and a fourth and final single release "All You Want" which reached the top 25. It was certified platinum in over thirty-five countries, and is estimated to have sold over 21 million copies worldwide. <mask>'s widely emulated hairstyle at this time became known as the "Dido flip". Her sold-out worldwide tour featured hip-hop artist Pete Miser as her live band's DJ.No Angel claimed No. 97 according to the Decade-end Album Chart by Billboard. 2003–2005: Life for Rent and Live 8

Life for Rent was released in 2003. Preceded by the hit single "White Flag", the album sold over 152,000 copies in the first day alone in the UK, and went on to sell over 400,000 in the first week. Three further singles—"Life for Rent", "Don't Leave Home" and "Sand in My Shoes"—were lifted from the album, with <mask> embarking on a worldwide tour in support of the album (a DVD of footage from the tour was released in 2005 entitled Live at Brixton Academy). Following her sold-out world tour of 2004, <mask> was asked to perform at three of the Live 8 concerts on 2 July 2005—performing in London, then at the Eden Project in Cornwall, before flying over to Paris, performing both solo ("White Flag") and duetting with Youssou N'Dour ("Thank You" and "Seven Seconds"). Also in 2005, <mask> provided vocals for her brother's side project Dusted on the album Safe from Harm.She sings on the tracks: "Time Takes Time", "Hurt U" and "Winter" and she co-wrote three tracks on the album: "Always Remember to Respect & Honour Your Mother, Part 1", "The Biggest Fool in the World" and "Winter". 2006–2008: Safe Trip Home and hiatus
<mask>'s third album, Safe Trip Home, was released in November 2008. The album, which Dido began work on in October 2005, was produced by Jon Brion and Dido herself and features contributions from Brian Eno, Questlove, Mick Fleetwood, Rollo Armstrong, and Matt

masks: Dido Dido Dido Dido Dido


texts:
 Chamberlain. Recording sessions were held at London's Abbey Road and at Jon Brion's home studio in Los Angeles. During production of the album, Dido attended evening classes in music and English at the University of California, Los Angeles. The first single from the album, "Don't Believe in Love", was released in October 2008, and a track titled "Look No Further" was made available to download from her official website for a limited time. The album failed to sell as well as No Angel or Life for Rent, and Dido opted not to tour in support of the album due to her difficulties with performing the material that was written about the death of her father.It was nominated for a Grammy Award in the category Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical. In December 2008, <mask>'s Safe Trip Home song "Let's Do the Things We Normally Do", was criticised by Gregory Campbell, MP for East Londonderry and Minister for Sports, Arts and Leisure for Northern Ireland, for referencing lyrics from a song, "The Men Behind the Wire", which was written in the aftermath of the introduction of detention without trial for persons accused of being members of paramilitary groups. Campbell described "The Men Behind the Wire" as "written about people who were murderers, arsonists and terrorists", and suggested "she [Dido] should clarify her position so that her fans and the wider public knows where she stands on these things". The album's artwork features a photograph of astronaut Bruce McCandless II during a spacewalk, as part of space shuttle mission STS-41-B; McCandless sued Dido, Sony Music Entertainment, and Getty Images Inc for unauthorised use of this photo in September 2010. The case was settled under undisclosed terms on 14 January 2011. 2009–2018: Girl Who Got Away and Greatest Hits
Shortly after the release of Safe Trip Home, Dido returned to the studio to start recording new material for inclusion on her


texts:
 fourth studio album. In July 2009, Dido said that the album would have an electronic approach, in an attempt to take it in a totally different direction to her previous albums.In September 2010, <mask> released the single "Everything to Lose" via digital download, following its appearance on the soundtrack of the film Sex and the City 2 (released in May 2010). In January 2011, <mask> released "If I Rise", a collaboration with producer A.R. Rahman, for which an official music video was released. "If I Rise" was written for 127 Hours, a thriller film directed by Danny Boyle. The soundtrack features a mix of electric guitars with orchestral arrangements and sound loops, and "If I Rise" is featured in the climax of the film. The song was nominated for Satellite Award, Houston Film Critics Society Awards and Las Vegas Film Critics Society Award, as well as the 83rd Academy Award for Original Song. It won the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Song.Dido's fourth album, Girl Who Got Away, was released by Sony Music Entertainment in March 2013. "No Freedom" was released as the album's lead single in January 2013. The album was recorded in London and California and features production from Rollo Armstrong, Sister Bliss, Lester Mendez, A. R. Rahman, Rick Nowels, Greg Kurstin, Brian Eno, and Jeff Bhasker. Dido appeared on the second series of televised singing competition The Voice UK in May 2013, serving as an advisor to coach Danny O'Donoghue during the show's battle rounds. In November 2013, Dido released the album Greatest Hits, a compilation of previous material and remixes that also included a new track, "NYC". The release of Greatest Hits completed Dido's contractual obligations with RCA Records, and she spoke of her plans to release her music independently. By late 2013, she was writing material for a fifth studio album.2018–present: Still on My Mind

<mask> signed


texts:
 to BMG to release her fifth album in early 2019. <mask> worked with her brother and long-time collaborator Rollo Armstrong, along with Rick Nowels and Ryan Louder. On 9 November 2018, <mask> announced her new album's title, Still on My Mind, along with its cover. It was released on 8 March 2019 and charted at number 3 on the UK Albums chart, number 1 on the UK Indie Album chart and sold over 60,000 copies in the UK. The teaser single "Hurricanes" was released on 12 November 2018. The official lead single "Give You Up" was premiered 22 January 2019 on BBC Radio 2. The single peaked at number 32 on the UK Singles Download chart.It peaked at number 1 on the US Dance Club Songs chart. "Give You Up" was followed by edited versions of "Take You Home" (released 5 April 2019) and "Friends" (released 22 July 2019) as singles. <mask> toured in support of the album from May 2019, making it her first world tour in 15 years. The deluxe edition of the album was released on 15 November 2019 but failed to chart, despite the release of another single, "Just Because". In October 2019, <mask> was featured on her brother Rollo's The Last Summer album, which was released under the alias "R Plus". The album charted at number 96 on the UK Album Sales Chart. Other work
In addition to her solo work, <mask> has co-written and provided vocals for tracks with Faithless, including "One Step Too Far"—which was released in the UK as a limited edition single, where it debuted at number six—and "No Roots", the title track of the fourth Faithless album.Rollo—<mask>'s brother—co-writes and co-produces much of <mask>'s solo material, including many tracks on No Angel, Life for Rent and Safe Trip Home. She provided guest vocals for each of the six studio albums by Faithless, from 1996's Reverence to 2010s The Dance. <mask> worked with her brother on a CD to accompany the children's book he wrote with Jason White,

masks: Dido Dido Dido Dido Dido Dido Dido Dido


texts:
 Safe from Harm; the CD is also titled Safe from Harm and the artist is listed as "Dusted". She co-wrote Britney Spears's worldwide number one hit "I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman", soundtrack feature track to Spears's first major film debut, and co-wrote the song "Never Ending" on Rihanna's 2016 album Anti. Dido's song "Thank You" was also sampled by Rihanna for "Never Ending". <mask> has provided guest vocals to tracks by other artists including "Feels Like Fire" for Carlos Santana's 2002 album, Shaman, and a duet with Rufus Wainwright entitled "I Eat Dinner (When the Hunger's Gone)" for the Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason film soundtrack. A sample of the Dido track "Do You Have a Little Time" is used on the song "Don't You Trust Me?"by Tupac, on the album "Loyal to the Game", which was almost entirely produced by Eminem in 2004. <mask> joined Annie Lennox and 21 other female artists to raise awareness of the issue of mother-to-child transmission of HIV to unborn children in Africa. The collaborative single "Sing" was released on World Aids Day on 1 December 2007, in conjunction with Lennox's appearance at the Nelson Mandela 46664 concert in South Africa. Personal life

After releasing No Angel in 1999, and after much time spent promoting the album, <mask> broke up with her fiancé, entertainment lawyer Bob Page, after a seven-year relationship. <mask> married Rohan Gavin in 2010. They have one son, Stanley, who was born in July 2011. <mask> Novello Award winners
People from Kensington
RCA Records artists
Singers from London
Trip hop musicians
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
20th-century English women singers
20th-century English singers
21st-century English women singers
21st-century English singers
World Music Awards winners
English women in electronic music
20th-century women guitarists
21st-century women guitarists
Downtempo musicians
Electropop

masks: Dido Dido Dido Dido Didovor


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<mask> (1734 – c. 1800) was a Swedish Proto feminist poet and publisher, and one of the first identifiable female journalists in Sweden. She was the publisher and chief editor of a number of different women's periodicals in Stockholm and in Finland between 1772 and 1783, and the publisher of the first periodical (as well as the first one by a woman) in Finland Om konsten att rätt behaga (1782). She is also known for her correspondence with Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht. <mask> was a leading person in the Swedish "female literary world of the 1750s and 1770s". Biography
Catharina <mask> was the daughter of <mask>, governor of Östergötland, and Laurentia Juliana Liungenfeldt. Through her sister, she was the sister-in-law of Johan Gustaf Halldin, chancellor of the Kungliga Biblioteket. According to V. Örnberg, she was at one point a chamber lady in the court of the queen Louisa Ulrika, but lost her position because of some kind of intrigue: "Chamberlady at court but soon lost her position because of plotting, managed a book shop that failed.Made translations and wrote literary things." <mask> <mask>'s first marriage was to Bengt Edvard Eckerman, cavalry master of the royal Scanian Husars. During her first marriage, she had the daughters Charlotte Eckerman and Julie Eckerman and the sons Bengt Gustaf and Christopher. Her first marriage was reportedly troubled by economic difficulties and her youngest son were not acknowledged by her spouse as his. The marriage ended in a divorce in 1770. She married for the second time to the book printer journeyman Anders Bark or Barck. She moved with her second spouse to Finland, possibly in 1775, and are listed as a resident in Åbo in 1782.Also her second marriage ended in a

masks:
Catharina Ahlgren
Ahlgren
Ahlgren
Anders Ahlgren
Catharina
Ahlgren


texts:
 divorce. At the death of her eldest daughter Charlotte in 1790, she was one of the beneficiaries of the will. In 1796, she settled with her youngest daughter Julie in Linköping. Her contemporary, the orientalist and writer Jonas Apelblad, listed her in his writers dictionary as a strong and gifted personality, "[f]emina potens, sed ingenio plena" ("a forceful woman, but full of talent") who did not live a more peaceful life with her second spouse then she had with her first. Literary career

Translator and poet
<mask> <mask> reportedly became known as a poet and translator in the 1750s literary world before she had anything formally published. She was a personal friend of the famed poet Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht, and their correspondence is preserved. While her friend Nordenflycht wrote under the pseudonym "Herdinnan i Norden" (Shepherdess of the North), <mask> <mask> wrote under the name "Herdinnan i Ahl-Lunden" (Shepherdess of the Alder-Grove).She was active as a translator of both poetry and novels from the English, French and German languages. Among her translations were the German poem Die Prüfung Abrahams by Christoph Martin Wieland, and the English novel The Distressed Wife, or the history of Eliza Wyndham. She debuted as a poet with her French language poem , dedicated to the queen, Louisa Ulrika, on the queen's birthday in 1764. Journalist and publisher

Likely through her second marriage, <mask> <mask> acquired a printing press, which she managed for a period. Among the writers she published was Hedvig Charlotta Nordenflycht. On 29 October 1772, <mask> <mask> published and edited the periodical Brefwäxling emellan twänne fruntimmer, den ena i Stockholm och den andra på landet i åskillige

masks: Catharina Ahlgren Catharina Ahlgren Catharina Ahlgren Catharina Ahlgren


texts: blandade ämnen ('Correspondence between two ladies, one in Stockholm and the other one in the country, about a number of various subjects'), under the signature Adelaide. This was a feminist essay publication, written in the form of a debate i letters between two female signatures, in which she argued in favor of a social conscience, democracy and gender equality, and recommended solidarity between women as a protection against male guardianship and superiority.She stated that the only way to reach true love within a relationship is to be equals, adding that as men so often want to rule over women, it is much harder to retain friendship with them than with another woman. She discussed love and friendship, upbringing and education, monarchy and religion. In February 1773, the essay was renamed Brefväxling emellan Adelaide och någre wittre snillen i omwäxlande ämnen ('Correspondence between Adelaide and some literary geniuses in various subjects'), and later that year Fortsättning af Adelaides brefwäxling, angående Fru Windhams historie ('Adelaide's continuing correspondence, concerning the history of Mrs Windham'). <mask> <mask> is also presumed to be the publisher and author of the noted periodical De Nymodiga Fruntimren, eller Sophias och Bélisindes Tankespel ('Modern Women, or the thought play of Sophia and Belisinde'), which were written in the same fashion. This primarily promoted women's education as a mean of reform in women's position. She criticized the dominating French language in the customary education of females, as this was used for nothing more than reading of romantic novels, and advocated that girls should learn English instead, so they could be able to take part in scientific literature,

masks: Catharina Ahlgren


texts:
 such as history and geography, which was normally only published in that language. <mask> <mask> also played a pioneer role in Finland, where she lived in Åbo from at least 1782 onward.She is identified as the editor behind Om konsten att rätt behaga ('Of the Art to Please Properly'), which was, in fact, the first periodical published in Finland. She discontinued Om konsten at rätt behaga officially because of health reasons. In her farewell she wrote: "You may see, gentlemen, how much I wished to copy you." In 1783 she published her last periodical, Angenäma Sjelwswåld ('Pleasant Defyings'). Legacy

During the Swedish age of liberty and the Gustavian era, many periodicals were published discussing important issues in society, notably the Then Swänska Argus. These periodicals were often written in form of a debate or a correspondence between two anonymous signatures. Some of them also took up the topic of the role of women in society and gender equality, the earliest one being Samtal emellan Argi Skugga och en obekant Fruentimbers Skugga by Margareta Momma in 1738-39.This presaged first-wave feminism in the English-speaking world. Many of them are believed to have been written by women, but as they were mostly written under anonymous pseudonyms  few have been identified. Margareta Momma, Anna Maria Rückerschöld and <mask> <mask> belong to the few which has been identified. Literary women were viewed as fashionable. A male editor stated during a publication of a female poet: "As we wish for nothing higher than to encourage the knowledge among us, it cannot be anything other than pleasant that a member of the gender [women] so admirably support our intention." ), Svenska män och kvinnor: biografisk

masks: Catharina Ahlgren Catharina Ahlgren


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<mask> (7 March 1917 – 14 February 1979) was a British politician who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1962 to 1964 and as Home Secretary from 1970 to 1972. From 1955 until the late 1960s, he was spoken of as a prospective Conservative leader, and he was twice seriously considered for the post; he was Edward Heath's chief rival in 1965. He also held directorships in several British financial firms. As Home Secretary, he was responsible for the UK Government's Northern Ireland policy during the period that included Bloody Sunday in 1972. Soon afterwards, he left office due to an unrelated scandal in one of the companies of which he was director. Early life
<mask> was born in Woodside Park, North Finchley, and was named after his father, <mask>, an actuary at R. Watson & Sons and Public Valuer, who contracted to do actuarial and financial calculations as the Commercial Calculating Company Ltd. The family moved to Bexhill to escape German air raids; Maudling won scholarships to the Merchant Taylors' School and Merton College, Oxford.He stayed out of undergraduate politics at Oxford, and studied the works of Hegel; he was to formulate his conclusions later as to the inseparability of economic and political freedom: "the purpose of State control and the guiding principle of its application is the achievement of true freedom". He obtained a first class Greats degree. Political career
Shortly after graduating, <mask> set up a meeting with Harold Nicolson to discuss whether it would be better, as a moderate conservative, to join the Conservative Party or National Labour; Nicolson advised him to wait. <mask> was called to the Bar at

masks:
Reginald Maudling
Reginald Maudling
Reginald George Maudling
Maudling
Maudling


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 the Middle Temple in 1940. However, he did not practise as a barrister, having volunteered for service in the Royal Air Force (RAF) in the Second World War. Owing to poor eyesight he took desk jobs in the RAF intelligence branch, where he rose—as a "Wingless Wonder", as officers who were not qualified to wear pilot's wings were nicknamed—to the rank of Flight Lieutenant; he was then appointed Private Secretary to the Secretary of State for Air, Sir Archibald Sinclair. Parliamentary candidate
<mask> wrote an essay on Conservative policy in November 1943, recommending that the Conservatives neither imitate the Labour Party nor reflexively oppose all controls; in the general election of July 1945, he was selected as parliamentary candidate for Heston and Isleworth, a newly created constituency in Middlesex, although there were four applicants and he had no ties to that constituency.In the subsequent Labour landslide <mask> was defeated like many others, although Heston and Isleworth had been expected to be a safe Conservative seat. After its defeat in the 1945 general election, the Conservative Party engaged in an extensive rethink of its policy. <mask> argued that the Party had depended excessively on outdated economic slogans and the popularity of Winston Churchill. In November 1945, <mask> became the first staff member of the Conservative Parliamentary Secretariat, later the Conservative Research Department, where he was head of the Economic Section. He persuaded the party to accept much of the Labour government's nationalisation programme and social services while cutting government spending. In March 1946, <mask> was chosen as the

masks: Maudling Maudling Maudling Maudling Maudling


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 prospective candidate for Barnet, close to his birthplace in Finchley, and began giving speeches there. Labour had unexpectedly won the seat in 1945, but it was considered to be marginal.In 1950, <mask> was elected as Member of Parliament with an absolute majority. Member of Parliament and Cabinet
Following the 1951 election, Churchill made <mask> a junior Minister at the Ministry of Civil Aviation. However, his experience of preparing economic policy led to his speaking on behalf of the Treasury on the 1952 budget and thus to an appointment, later that year, as Economic Secretary to the Treasury. With his mentor Rab Butler as Chancellor of the Exchequer, <mask> worked to reduce taxes and controls in order to move from post-war austerity to affluence. When Anthony Eden took over as Prime Minister in 1955, <mask> was promoted to head a department as Minister of Supply. He supported the invasion of Suez. The Ministry was responsible for aircraft production and supplying the armed forces, and <mask> came to agree with critics who argued that it was an unnecessary intermediary; he therefore recommended its abolition.Although supportive of Harold Macmillan's appointment as Prime Minister over the rival claims of Butler in 1957, <mask> found himself in difficulties over his position in the new government. He refused to continue at the Ministry of Supply and also rejected an offer of the Ministry of Health because Iain Macleod, with whom he had a rivalry, had held the post five years earlier and Maudling did not want to be seen as five years behind him. Macmillan appointed <mask> to the post of Paymaster General and spokesman in the House of

masks: Maudling Maudling Maudling Maudling Maudling Maudling Maudling


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 Commons for the Ministry of Fuel and Power, which was technically a demotion. Nine months later, <mask> had proved his usefulness; Macmillan brought him into the Cabinet on 17 September 1957, where he acted more as a Minister without Portfolio: he had specific responsibility for persuading the six members of the embryonic European Economic Community, who had recently signed the Treaty of Rome, to abandon their proposal for a customs union in favour of a wider free-trade area where each country would preserve their own external tariffs. However, <mask>'s lack of international experience led him to underestimate the importance of the nascent Community and what was constructive in it. Faced with widespread rejection of the proposals, <mask> aroused hostility in Bonn and Paris by seeking to play off the Germans against the French. On 14 November 1958, six months after the election of General de Gaulle as premier, Jacques Soustelle, the French Minister of Information, confirmed to the Press that France would reject the Maudling plan.Two days later, the British delegation to the Community formally called an end to accession negotiations. <mask> later revised his proposals, which were to form the basis of the European Free Trade Association. Meanwhile, <mask> became an underwriting member of Lloyd's of London in December 1957, although his assets were somewhat below average for other 'names'. President of the Board of Trade
<mask> entered the front line of politics after the 1959 election when appointed President of the Board of Trade. He was responsible for introducing the government's proposals to help areas of high unemployment. This was

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 achieved by paying grants to companies to create new plants in these deprived areas, and also by the government taking over unused land for development. <mask> also succeeded in negotiating a free trade agreement between the countries outside the Common Market; this became the European Free Trade Association and was some compensation for his failure to negotiate a free trade area with the Common Market.<mask> was opposed to any proposal to join the Common Market on the basis that it would end Britain's right to make commercial agreements with New Zealand and Australia. He was later to remark that "I can think of no more retrograde step economically or politically". This comment was to be quoted against him when, less than two years later, he was Chancellor of the Exchequer at the time of the reopening of negotiations for Common Market membership. Colonial Secretary
<mask> was for a short time, as Secretary of State for the Colonies in 1961, responsible for the process of decolonisation. In this position he chaired constitutional conferences for Jamaica, Northern Rhodesia and Trinidad and Tobago which prepared them for independence; his plan for Northern Rhodesia was controversial and he had to threaten resignation before it was approved. However, <mask> was keen to return to economic policy, and seized his opportunity when Macmillan made it clear in private that he supported a voluntary incomes policy. <mask> promptly made his case in public, and three weeks later was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer in Macmillan's "Night of the Long Knives" attempt to rejuvenate his Cabinet.Chancellor of the Exchequer
As Chancellor, <mask> soon

masks:
Maudling
Maudling
Reginald Maudling
Maudling
Maudling
Maudling


texts:
 cut purchase tax and bank interest rates. His 1963 budget aimed at "expansion without inflation". Following a period of economic difficulty, with a growth target of 4%, <mask> was able to remove income tax from owner-occupiers' residential premises. He also abolished the rate of duty on home-brewed beer which in effect legalised it. This was the period in which <mask> was at his most popular within the Conservative Party and in the country. However, later commentators have been less kind to Maudling: Harold Wilson and his Chancellor James Callaghan (who nevertheless sounded out Maudling for the governorship of the Bank of England in 1966) blamed the "dash for growth" that followed the 1963 budget for increasing sterling's chronic instability between 1964 and 1967 and by greatly increasing domestic demand the budget certainly exacerbated the existing balance of payments problem. <mask> largely recognised this himself by the time of the 1964 budget and, although he increased taxes, he did little to subdue demand in an election year.First unsuccessful leadership bid
By 1963, during the Profumo affair, there was talk, encouraged by Martin Redmayne (Chief Whip) and Lord Poole (Party Chairman), of Maudling succeeding Macmillan as Prime Minister. <mask> visited Butler (Deputy Prime Minister) and obtained a mutual promise that they would, if necessary, agree to serve under one another – <mask> believed that he had gained an advantage in obtaining the agreement of Butler, his senior, to serve under him if necessary. William Rees-Mogg claimed in The Times on 28 July that Butler led <mask> by 2:1 in the Cabinet, although <mask> had more support


texts: amongst backbench MPs. Macmillan's sudden illness and announcement of his resignation in October 1963 came at a time when <mask>'s support had fallen. He was also poorly received at the Conservative Party conference, which had become a hustings for the leadership, despite coaching from Iain Macleod, in how to deliver his speech. Back in London the following week, a process of "consultation" by Lord Chancellor Dilhorne and by Redmayne declared Foreign Secretary Lord Home, rather than <mask> or Butler, to be the compromise candidate. Enoch Powell, Macleod, Hailsham and <mask> (known as "the Quad" in some accounts of the following days) sought to persuade Butler to refuse to serve, so that Butler rather than Home would have to become Prime Minister.Macleod and <mask> demanded that Dilhorne lay the results of his consultations before the Cabinet but he refused. <mask> attended the meeting at Powell's house late in the evening of 17 October, "well-refreshed" after attending a formal dinner and seems to have "gone along with it" rather than being a ringleader, although he and Hailsham agreed to serve under Butler. On the morning of Saturday 19 October Butler then <mask> agreed to serve under Home, enabling him to accept office as Prime Minister. <mask> retained his post as Chancellor under the new Prime Minister and in the 1964 election, <mask> had a prominent role at the helm of the party's daily press conferences, while Douglas-Home toured the country. On the BBC's election results programme, the journalist Anthony Howard said that he believed that if <mask> had been leader, the narrow Conservative defeat would have been a narrow

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 Conservative victory. Upon being forced out of the post by the election defeat, <mask> left a note to his successor, James Callaghan, simply stating "Good luck, old cock.... Sorry to leave it in such a mess".Second unsuccessful leadership bid
Out of office, <mask> accepted the offer of a seat on the board of Kleinwort Benson in November 1964, one of the factors which led to his being shifted to spokesman on Foreign Affairs in early 1965. Unlike other potential leadership contenders, <mask> publicly maintained his loyalty to Douglas-Home as criticisms of his leadership mounted. When Douglas-Home resigned, after putting in place a system in which the leadership was directly elected, <mask> fought against Edward Heath for the position of candidate to the party centre-right. Unfortunately for <mask>, Enoch Powell also stood, but he was a candidate supporting monetarist and proto-Thatcherite economics, which at that time had little support. Powell won 15 votes. <mask> won 133 votes against Heath's 150; Powell's 15 votes were seen as more likely to have gone to <mask> had Powell not stood, but they would have made no difference to Heath's narrow majority. This was a moment of philosophical instability for the Conservatives.Their historic scepticism of Keynesianism began to grow through the 1960s because there was little to distinguish between the policies of the Tories and Labour. The cross-party support for economic planning and union negotiation was becoming increasingly unable to stimulate high levels of economic growth. <mask>'s business directorships with Kleinwort Benson and others were mentioned by his opponents as evidence of his

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 lack of commitment for the role, and he was criticised as too close to the Macmillan/Douglas-Home style of politics. Deputy Leader and Home Secretary
<mask> served as Deputy Leader under Heath, and was also a prominent member of the Shadow Cabinet. However, he was neither personally nor politically close to Heath, and as a consequence his influence declined; his support for an incomes policy now went against party policy. He also tended to make gaffes, as for example when he said Harold Wilson had been following the same policy as the Conservatives on Rhodesia and "I can't think of anything he has done wrongly". After Enoch Powell had been sacked from the Shadow Cabinet in 1968 for his controversial Rivers of Blood speech, <mask> was moved from the position of Shadow Commonwealth Secretary to become Shadow Defence Secretary until 1969 when he was replaced by Geoffrey Rippon.When the Conservatives returned to power in 1970, <mask> was appointed Home Secretary; the most pressing problem at the Home Office was tackling the Troubles in Northern Ireland. After boarding the aircraft at the end of his first visit to the region, he remarked "For God's sake bring me a large Scotch. What a bloody awful country." <mask>'s attitude of reassuring calmness in interviews, normally helpful to him, was damaging when he referred to reducing IRA violence to "an acceptable level", a remark widely regarded as a gaffe. He also tended to trust the Unionist-controlled Government of Northern Ireland and gloss over differences between their approach and that of the United Kingdom government. This backfired when the Prime Minister of Northern Ireland, James

masks: Maudling Maudling Maudling Maudling


texts:
 Chichester-Clark, resigned when denied the full number of troops he requested in March 1971. That August, <mask> authorised the Northern Ireland government to introduce internment without trial for terror suspects, which caused widespread upheaval and anger among the nationalist population due to its exclusive use on that community, and was followed by an already planned massive escalation in the level of violence.Regarding criminal justice, <mask> made no attempt, despite his personal support, to reintroduce capital punishment after its abolition in 1969. He introduced Community Service, a new alternative to prison, and in 1971 modestly tightened the immigration rules. He was criticised for ordering the deportation of Rudi Dutschke, a leader of the German student movement. Dutschke, who was in Britain to recuperate from an assassination attempt, was considered a student anarchist. <mask> was often the target of satirical cartoons in major newspapers, and was lampooned in the magazine Private Eye and the television comedy show Monty Python's Flying Circus. Bloody Sunday
<mask>'s statement in the House of Commons after Bloody Sunday agreed with the British army's statement that the Parachute Regiment had fired only in self-defence, although this turned out to be untrue. Bernadette Devlin, a Northern Ireland nationalist MP, had been present in Derry at the protest, yet she was denied recognition to speak on the massacre by the Speaker of the House Selwyn Lloyd.Devlin walked across the floor of the Commons and slapped <mask>. She later said to journalists that <mask>'s statement had been untrue and perfunctory, and that it had expressed


texts:
 no regrets for the 13 people shot and killed by British soldiers. Eventually, Edward Heath decided to bring in direct rule of Northern Ireland under a separate Secretary of State. In 1974, Shane Paul O'Doherty, a PIRA member, sent <mask> a letter bomb, which slightly injured him. Scandal
In 1972, <mask>'s business activities were causing considerable disquiet and speculation in the press. In 1966, he had obtained a directorship in the company of John Poulson, an architect Maudling helped obtain lucrative contracts. Poulson routinely did business through bribery and in 1972 was made bankrupt.The bankruptcy hearings disclosed his bribe payments, and <mask>'s connection became public knowledge. <mask> came to the decision that his responsibility for the Metropolitan Police, which was beginning fraud investigations into Poulson, made his position as Home Secretary untenable. He resigned on 18 July, to general sympathy from the press. Shortly after receiving <mask>'s resignation, Edward Heath's government performed a 'U-turn' on economic policy and subsequently adopted an approach strikingly similar to <mask>'s. Heath advised <mask> not to drop out of the public eye and he continued to make many media appearances. In the year after the Conservative Party's electoral defeat in 1974, Heath was replaced as leader by Margaret Thatcher. She appointed <mask> to the post of Shadow Foreign Secretary.However, <mask> clashed with Thatcher over economics, and after less than two years in the role he was dismissed on 19 November 1976. Departing, <mask> summed up his career as "hired by Winston Churchill, fired by Margaret Thatcher". Last years
In

masks: Maudling Maudling Maudling Maudling Maudling Maudling Maudling Maudling Maudling Maudling


texts:
 1969, <mask> had been president of the Real Estate Fund of America, whose chief executive, Jerome Hoffman, had been imprisoned for fraud; <mask> had also been an adviser to the Peachey Property Corporation, whose chairman, Sir Eric Miller, had embezzled company money and later took his own life. He was revealed to have lobbied for more aid to Malta after obtaining a commission for Poulson there, which had led to heavy losses for the Maltese government. These further revelations led to a Parliamentary inquiry into the conduct of <mask> and two other MPs linked to Poulson. This inquiry published its report on 14 July 1977; the report concluded that Maudling had indulged in "conduct inconsistent with the standards which the House is entitled to expect from its members". When the report was considered by the House of Commons, the Conservative Party organised its MPs to attend the debate to "Save Reggie".An amendment was put down to "take note" of the report, instead of endorsing it, and carried by 230 votes (211 Conservatives, 17 Labour, 2 Liberals and 2 Ulster Unionists) to 207. No punishment was imposed. An attempt by backbench Labour MPs to expel <mask> from the House was defeated by 331 votes to 11, and a move to suspend him for six months was lost by 324 to 97. As Lewis Baston's 2004 biography recounts, <mask> and his wife became heavy drinkers once his political career was effectively ended by the scandal. The drinking turned to alcoholism and <mask>'s health rapidly deteriorated in the late 1970s. He collapsed in early 1979. Death
<mask> died at the Royal Free Hospital in London, from kidney failure and cirrhosis of the liver, on


texts:
 14 February 1979; he was 61.His body was buried in the churchyard of Little Berkhamsted in Hertfordshire. A stone seat from his garden was placed beside the grave. Family life
<mask> married actress Beryl Laverick (1919–1988) in 1939. They had three sons and a daughter, <mask>, who became a journalist in the 1960s as the "travelling teenager" of the Daily Mail and, among other things, appeared alongside John Lennon on BBC TV's Juke Box Jury in 1963. <mask>'s mother had disowned him as a result of his marriage, and Maudling did not attend her funeral in 1956. When Caroline aroused comment by having a child out of wedlock in the late 1960s, Maudling was staunch in her defence, publicly expressing paternal pride. Beryl <mask>'s body was buried next to her husband's at Little Berkhamsted.In popular culture
<mask> was portrayed by Irish actor Michael Culkin in the BBC-produced 2018 limited television series A Very English Scandal. See also
 List of deaths through alcohol

References

Further reading
 Dell, Edmund. The Chancellors: A History of the Chancellors of the Exchequer, 1945-90 (HarperCollins, 1997) pp 283–303, covers his term as Chancellor. Lewis Baston (2004) Reggie: The Life of <mask>. Sutton Publishing. Principal source, where no other is specified. Michael Gillard (1974) A little pot of money.The story of <mask> and the Real Estate Fund of America. Private Eye productions / André Deutsch. Michael Gillard (1980) Nothing to declare: the political corruptions of John Poulson. John Calder. Howard, Anthony RAB: The Life of R. A. Butler, Jonathan Cape 1987
<mask> (1978) Memoirs. Sidgwick & Jackson. Robert Shepherd (2004) "<mask>" in

masks:
Maudling
Caroline Maudling
Maudling
Maudling
Maudling
Reginald Maudling
Reginald Maudling
Reginald Maudling
Reginald Maudling


texts:
 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press.External links

 BBC News 'On this Day', includes a 1971 filmed interview on the Immigration Bill

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1917 births
1979 deaths
Alcohol-related deaths in England
Alumni of Merton College, Oxford
British Secretaries of State
Chancellors of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Deaths from cirrhosis
Deaths from kidney failure
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Members of the Steering Committee of the Bilderberg Group
Ministers in the Eden government, 1955–1957
Ministers in the Macmillan and Douglas-Home governments, 1957–1964
Ministers in the third Churchill government, 1951–1955
Ministers of Supply
People educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood
People from Finchley
People from Little Berkhamsted
Presidents of the Board of Trade
Royal Air Force officers
Royal Air Force personnel of World War II
Secretaries of State for the Colonies
Secretaries of State for the Home Department
UK MPs 1950–1951
UK MPs 1951–1955
UK MPs 1955–1959
UK MPs 1959–1964
UK MPs 1964–1966
UK MPs 1966–1970
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
United Kingdom Paymasters


texts:
<mask> (born 17 December 1985) is an English television and radio presenter, comedian and author. He is the host of BBC Radio 1's breakfast show, co-presenter on the cricket podcast Tailenders alongside Felix White and <mask> and writer of the Kid Normal book series alongside Chris Smith. Early life
<mask> was born to Alan and Rosemary Milward on 17 December 1985 in Lewisham, London. His parents were both teachers; Alan a headteacher, and Rosemary a special-needs teacher. He has one sister, Catherine. As a baby, he received three life-saving blood transfusions and was in an incubator for a week. <mask> used to play cricket for Hertfordshire Under-18s.He first broadcast on hospital radio aged 14, however, he later discovered that the transmitter was broken and none of his shows actually went out. <mask> is an alumnus of The Bishop's Stortford High School, where he was deputy head boy. He studied drama at the University of East Anglia in Norwich and achieved a 2:1. Career

Radio
While at university, he presented several shows on the students' union radio station Livewire 1350AM, becoming the station manager in 2006. He later said that being station manager was a job he did not enjoy. He also presented several breakfast shows on Future Radio in Norwich and also on Pulse Rated in Salhouse before he got his break at BBC Radio 1. He won 'Best Male Presenter' at the Student Radio Awards 2005.During university holidays he presented stints on Galaxy North East. <mask> joined BBC Radio 1 in June 2007, to present Early Breakfast on Friday, and cover for the likes of Sara Cox and Vernon Kay. He presented his first show on Friday 1 June 2007, the day after graduating from university. In October 2007, he was awarded the Early Breakfast Show (4:30am7am, which was soon changed to 4am6:30am) five days a week. He presented his first full-time show on Monday 1 October 2007, and his first ever Record of the Week was Hometown Glory by Adele. On 21 September 2009,

masks:
Gregory James Alan Milward
James Anderson
James
James
James
James


texts: a new schedule was launched on Radio 1, and it was announced that <mask> would move to an early afternoon slot – 1pm to 4pm - replacing Edith Bowman, who moved to the weekend breakfast slot. <mask> was the host of The Official Chart Update, on Wednesday afternoons between 3:30pm and 4pm, and 4pm to 4:30pm when he moved to drivetime, from its inception in March 2010 until January 2013 when Scott Mills took it over, at the original time of 3:30pm.<mask> also co-hosts Not Just Cricket on 5 Live with England cricketers Graeme Swann and <mask> that is broadcast once every few months. The show's main focus is cricket, but topics are varied. He also hosts the weekly podcast That's What He Said with BBC Radio 1 Newsbeat presenter Chris Smith. The podcast features the best bits of <mask>' show each week, guest interviews, and special bonus content just for the podcast. <mask> and Chris play 'Cheeseball' each week -  a game which involves throwing Babybell into the centre of a cheese 'court' and the closest to the centre wins. The pair also do birthday, engagement, and wedding announcements to the theme of Jurassic Park. Each podcast also comes with an e-mail from Julia from Germany - the show clerk - who provides the pair with a weekly agenda.More recent podcast features include 'Friendly Foreigners', 'Julia's word of the week' and 'Dr. Tiny's Science fact'. <mask> guest hosted the edition of 16 February 2013 of the 5 Live comedy sport programme Fighting Talk, standing in for Colin Murray. On 15 November 2017, <mask> along with Felix White, Jimmy Anderson, faded up producer Mark 'Sharky' Sharman (AKA Sharknado the Movie), and regular input from Bristolian Matt ‘Mattchin’ Horan began hosting a cricketing podcast 'Tailenders'. This was initially a weekly podcast covering the 2017–18 Ashes series,  since 23 May 2018 it was renewed to continue on a 'weekly' basis. Features include 'General Cricketing Sadness', 'Machin's Quiz' and 'Black Wednesday/Xmas

masks:
James
James
James
James Anderson
James
Greg
James
James


texts:
 Show/App Launch'. <mask>

Drivetime

On 28 February 2012, it was announced that <mask> and Scott Mills would swap shows as of 2 April 2012, meaning <mask> would host the drivetime show (1600-1900) from that date.<mask>'s show had a variety of recurring features including: "The 10 Minute Takeover" (Mon-Thurs 1800), "Impossible Karaoke", "Rage against the Answer Machine", "Mayor of Where", "Ask The Nation", "Wrong Uns", "What's My Age Again" prior to "The Official Chart" moving to Fridays, celebrity guests on Thursdays, and Film Reviews with reviewer Ali Plumb. Off the cuff improv games typically include Chris Smith aka: 'Chris Smith with the news' the main afternoon Newsbeat reader. <mask> once hosted his show for an entire week broadcasting from the BFBS radio studio in Camp Bastion, Afghanistan; he also staged "G In the Park", a mini-music festival from the BBC in Glasgow prior to the T in the Park festival. Due to changes in release dates of music worldwide, since 10 July 2015 <mask>' former Friday show was taken up by The Official Chart between 1600 and 1745, followed by Dance Anthems between 1800 and 1900. The drive time show is traditionally split into two halves, with a fifteen-minute break between 1745 and 1800 for the evening Newsbeat broadcast. On 19 June 2017, <mask> chose the name "RoboCrop" from "thousands and thousands" of listeners' suggestions for a tractor on loan to Dorset Police to tour agricultural shows to raise awareness of rural crime. Dorset Police said the tractor, equipped with a siren, had a top speed of  and was "not built for response policing".Radio 1 Breakfast
On 20 August 2018, <mask> took over Radio 1 Breakfast from Nick Grimshaw. The pair switched shows, with Grimshaw taking on the Drivetime show from 4pm-7pm. It was announced by the two presenters on Grimshaw's Breakfast Show on 31 May, with Grimshaw joking "It's time for a change, time for a new show and, most importantly, it's going to be time for a new

masks: Greg James James James James James James James


texts:
 wake-up time... preferably around 11:30am". Both presenters were very excited about the change, with <mask> saying that taking over would be a "big challenge" but he was ready and willing "to give it a go". His first guest on the show was Wallace the Lion from Blackpool Zoo. The show was broadcast four days a week, until December 2020 when the BBC announced changes to the Radio 1 schedule, with <mask>' Breakfast Show now being five days a week, whilst Matt Edmondson and Mollie King moved from the weekend breakfast show to the weekend afternoon slot. Television
<mask> is also a TV presenter.In 2009, he presented a TV show for BBC Three called Sun, Sex and Holiday Madness, about British tourists in Magaluf and Young, Jobless and Living at Home, also for BBC Three. He has presented Sound on BBC Two's Switch and he hosted the backstage winners' podium at the 2009 BRIT Awards, which he did again in 2010. In 2011, <mask> had a non-speaking cameo role in the Doctor Who episode "Closing Time". In 2011, <mask> started presenting the BBC Three's coverage of Glastonbury and in August 2012, the Reading and Leeds Festival (both with Fearne Cotton). He presented coverage of T in the Park 2012, alongside Edith Bowman in July. In 2013, <mask> co-presented extensive coverage of Radio 1's Big Weekend on BBC Three with Alice Levine. In June 2013, <mask> once again hosted BBC Three's coverage of Glastonbury, alongside Gemma Cairney.He again hosted the BBC's coverage of festivals including Radio 1's Big Weekend, T in The Park, Reading, and Glastonbury in the summer of 2014. In 2012, <mask> co-presented two series of Unzipped (originally named Britain Unzipped) on BBC Three with Russell Kane and later How to Win Eurovision, a special two-hour show, on 11 May 2013. In December 2012, <mask> and Gabby Logan presented 50 Greatest London 2012 Olympics Moments on BBC Three. The show was broadcast on his 27th birthday. On 25 September 2013, <mask> along with Kane starred

masks: James James James James James James James James James James


texts:
 in their chat show Staying in with <mask> and Russell on BBC Three. Both later appeared on the Children in Need 2013 appeal night during a Lip Sync Challenge, which <mask> won by performing 'The Circle of Life' from 'The Lion King'. In 2014, <mask> appeared as a contestant in the CBeebies gameshow Swashbuckle with his niece Pia.In September 2014, <mask> hosted the closing ceremony of The Invictus Games with Clare Balding live on BBC Two. In 2015, he presented the BBC Three reality game show I Survived a Zombie Apocalypse. In May 2015, he played a police officer in the BBC Three comedy murder mystery series Murder in Successville. Also in 2015, <mask> co-wrote and starred in the Comedy Feeds episode Dead Air. In March 2016, he hosted a segment of the Sport Relief telethon with Alesha Dixon. <mask> has guest presented several episodes of The One Show. In November 2016, <mask> co-presented the BBC's Children in Need appeal for the first time.He also presented the Children in Need Rocks for Terry concert at the Royal Albert Hall with Fearne Cotton. Between 2016 and 2017, <mask> presented BT Sport's cricket coverage of the South Africa tour to Australia. Since 2017, he has co-presented the primetime BBC One music show Sounds Like Friday Night with A.Dot. Kid Normal
Together with newsreader Chris Smith, <mask> wrote the children's book series Kid Normal which is a 6-book series about a normal boy in a superhero world. The first one was published by Bloomsbury and released on 13 July 2017 in the UK and the second one the following March. The first book was the biggest selling children's debut of the year and have sold over 100,000 copies combined. The books have also been released in 19 other languages around the world.Charity work
In January 2013, along with Jack Dee, Mel C, Dara Ó Briain, Philips Idowu and Chelsee Healey, <mask> took part in the Red Nose Day 'Hell and High Water Challenge'. They journeyed along the Zambezi River for 5 days raising

masks: Greg James James James James James James Greg James James


texts:
 money to build a new school in the region. They raised well over £1 million for the charity. On 2 March 2013, <mask> appeared on the Let's Dance for Comic Relief judging panel alongside Arlene Phillips and Lee Mack. In 2014, <mask> was part of 'Team Coe' in the Sport Relief 'Clash of The Titans'. His team won the competition held at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park. He took part in the cycling, synchronized swimming and swimming relay.In February 2015, he, Chris Smith, Yasmin Evans (of 1Xtra) and Alex Jones traveled to Uganda to take part in Operation Health. There, they helped to rebuild the Iyolwa Health Centre in Eastern Uganda, using money raised by Comic Relief. He blogged about it here. In total, the Radio 1 audience raised £551,405. In February 2016, for Sport Relief, <mask> underwent the tough challenge, dubbed the 'Gregathlon', of completing five Triathlons in 5 days, in 5 different cities across the UK, hosting his Drivetime Radio 1 show after completing his daily Triathlon, raising £1 million for charity. <mask> also supports Coppafeel a charity raising awareness of breast cancer. In February 2018, <mask> did his second 'Gregathlon' for Sport Relief: "Pedal to the Peaks."He cycled over 500 miles and climbed Snowdon and Scafell Pike, before the challenge had to be postponed because extreme weather conditions caused by the 'Beast from the East' made the challenge too dangerous to continue. <mask> returned to complete the challenge and climbed Ben Nevis on 16 March 2018, raising over £1 million. Personal life
<mask> is godfather to Ruby, the youngest daughter of England cricketer <mask>. He is a keen cricket fan, and used to play for Hertfordshire Under-18s. He is also a keen supporter of Aviva Premiership Rugby Club Bath Rugby. He is also a football fan and supports Arsenal. He is an ambassador for two charities; The Stroke Association and The Lord's Taverners.He also took part in the 2012 NHS Team Give Blood campaign, representing

masks:
James
James
Greg
Greg
Greg
Greg
James
James Anderson


texts:
 O+. On 1 June 2018, <mask> announced his engagement to his girlfriend Bella Mackie, the daughter of newspaper editor Alan Rusbridger. They married in September of the same year. They live in London. Awards
 2005 – Student Radio Award for 'Best Male Presenter'
 2013 – 'Loaded Lafta' for 'Funniest Radio Show'
 2013 – Silver Sony Radio Academy Award for 'Best Entertainment Show'
 2014 – Gold Radio Academy Award for 'Best Entertainment Show'
 2016 – Gold Radio Academy 'ARIA' Award for 'Best Entertainment Production'
 2020 – Arias Award for 'Best New Show'
 2020 – Arias Award for 'Best marketing campaign'
 2020 – TRIC awards for " Radio Personality"

Filmography

Guest appearances

 The Gadget Show (2009)
 The Wright Stuff (2011)
 South Today (2012)
Celebrity Juice (2012, 2013)
What's Cooking? (2013)
50 Funniest Moments of 2013 (2013)
The Apprentice: You're Fired! (2014, 2015)
BBC Radio 1 Teen Awards (2014)
Pointless Celebrities (2015)
 The 15 Second Interview with Joe Lycett (2015)
BBC Music Awards (2015)
Frank Skinner on Demand with... (2015)
Murder In Successville (2015)
Drunk History (2016)
Room 101 (2016)
Lorraine (2016, 2017, 2018, 2019)
Weekend (2017)
Victoria Derbyshire (2017)
Saturday Kitchen (2017, 2020)
Saturday Mash-Up!(2017)
The One Show (2017, 2020, 2021)
Zoe Ball On... (2018)
BBC Breakfast (2018, 2019)
This Morning (2018, 2019)
The Sara Cox Show (2019)
Would I Lie to You? (2019)
Loose Women (2019)
Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway (2020)
Sport Relief (2020)
The Big Night In (2020)
Great British Menu (2020)
Michael Palin: Travels of a Lifetime (2020)
Morning Live (2020)
Strictly Come Dancing (2020)
ITV News Central (2021)

References

External links

Radio 1 Breakfast with <mask> (BBC Radio 1)
Radio 1 Anthems (BBC Radio 1)

1985 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of East Anglia
BBC Radio 1 presenters
BT Sport presenters and reporters
English radio personalities
English television presenters
People from Lewisham
Student

masks:
James
Greg James


texts: <mask> (May 15, 1942 – December 21, 2020), known professionally as K. T<mask>, was an American country music singer–songwriter. Oslin had several years of major commercial success in the late 1980s after signing a record deal at age 45. She had four number one hits and placed additional singles on the Billboard country chart during that timespan; in addition, she won three Grammy Awards and is an inductee of the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame. <mask> moved to Alabama after the death of her father, then to Texas. She developed an appreciation for folk music while studying theater in college and later started a folk trio. In 1966, she returned to theater after being cast in the touring production of Hello, Dolly! She then moved to New York City, where she continued acting in Broadway musicals and television commercials.At the same time, she began songwriting as a hobby. After a demo recording was made of her music, <mask> briefly signed to Elektra Records in 1981 without much success. She later signed to RCA Records in 1986 and had her first major hit the following year with "80's Ladies." Her 1987 debut album of the same name would sell over one million copies and produce three additional hits, including the number one single "Do Ya." Oslin released This Woman (1988) and Love in a Small Town (1990), which reached the top ten of the Billboard charts. The albums spawned hit singles including "Hold Me," "Hey Bobby" and "Come Next Monday." In the early 1990s, she left her recording contract and went into a hiatus following several personal setbacks.In 1996, she returned with the

masks:
Kay Toinette Oslin
. Oslin
Oslin
Oslin


texts:
 studio album "My Roots Are Showing..." and then in 2001 with Live Close By, Visit Often. <mask> released her final album in 2015 titled Simply. Early years
<mask> was born in Crossett, Arkansas in 1942 to Larry and <mask>. When <mask> was five, her father died from leukemia, leaving her mother widowed. His death resulted in her becoming shy and withdrawn. The family moved to Mobile, Alabama following her father's death, which is where <mask> spent her childhood. When she was a teenager, her mother moved her family to Houston, Texas, where she would eventually graduate from high school.She became fond of music during her formative years in music inspired from her mother. <mask>'s mother had once performed Swing music on local radio and also was offered a job singing in the Les Brown orchestra. She studied drama at Lon Morris College in Texas, where she also drew a deep appreciation for folk music. While in college, <mask> formed a folk trio with David Jones and singer-songwriter Guy Clark. Together, they performed in local cubs, restaurants and other venues in Texas. The trio eventually recorded a song for a 1963 folk compilation titled Look, It's Us! On lead vocals, Oslin performed the tune "Brave Young Soldier."She would later form a folk duo with Frank Davis. In Hollywood, California, the pair recorded an album under the name "Frankie and Johnny," which was not released. <mask> returned to Houston following the stint. In 1966, a touring production of the Broadway musical Hello, Dolly! came to the Houston area in search of "chorus girls" for their ensemble cast. <mask> auditioned,

masks:
Oslin
Oslin
Kathleen Oslin
Oslin
Oslin
Oslin
Oslin
Oslin
Oslin


texts:
 got the part and began touring the same year. Career

1966–1986: Broadway, commercials and beginnings in Nashville
In 1966, Hello, Dolly!s national tour ended and <mask> moved to New York City to pursue acting.She remained in the city for 20 years where she got several small stage role parts. Oslin appeared as part of the ensemble in the Broadway shows Promises, Promises and West Side Story. She also found work singing commercial jingles. She was often cast in hygiene-product commercials. In an interview with the Chicago Tribune, Oslin recalled being cast in a hemorrhoid commercial: "Hemorrhoids! Lord! I had a hemorrhoid commercial that had people I knew from the 3d grade calling me up saying, 'Is that you?'"<mask> also developed an interest in songwriting after being given a piano. She taught herself chord patterns and wrote music that went along with it. Her interest in country music also developed after New York started their first country radio station. She found the music to be more sophisticated than what it previously had been and began writing country songs after that. While performing as part of a synthesizer troupe, Oslin was inspired to write her first country song from writing she saw on a bathroom wall. Written on the wall were the words, "I ain't gonna love nobody but Cornell Crawford." <mask> wrote the song with friend Joe Miller and she would later record it in 1990.<mask> eventually made a demonstration tape of her compositions and brought them to the attention of the performance rights group SESAC. From there, it was brought to the attention of their Nashville

masks: Oslin Oslin Oslin Oslin


texts: executive, Dianne Petty. Petty encouraged <mask>'s musical talent and helped bring her music to the attention of Nashville record executives. At the same time, <mask> also found work singing with Guy Clark on his 1978 self-titled album. Through Petty's assistance, <mask> acquired a "singles-only" recording contract with Elektra Records. Only two singles were issued on the label, "Younger Men" and "Clean Your Own Tables," the latter of which became a minor hit on the country chart. "My first record, 'Clean Your Own Tables,' managed to get on the charts for about 15 minutes," she recalled in 1987.Elektra ultimately dropped her from their label in 1982. She returned to New York where she went into a depressive period and gained 40 pounds. She continued commercial work, but found it unsatisfying. Yet Petty continued advocating for <mask> and her original compositions were recorded by Judy Rodman, Dottie West, Gail Davies and The Judds. In 1986, <mask> decided to make a final effort to regain a recording contract. She borrowed seven thousand dollars from her aunt, lost 40 pounds, rented a Nashville nightclub and invited record executives to a one-time music showcase. "The next morning, I sat waiting for the phone to ring.It did not," she recounted. Yet, through her connections, <mask> contacted Nashville producer Harold Shedd, who had recently been successful recording Alabama. Shedd convinced <mask> to record three of her original tunes and he eventually became her full-time production collaborator. She also met RCA Records executive Joe Galante in 1986. Galante believed <mask> had

masks: Oslin Oslin Oslin Oslin Oslin Oslin Oslin Oslin


texts:
 potential and signed her to RCA in 1986 when <mask> was 45 years old. 1986–1993: 80's Ladies and commercial breakout
In December 1986, RCA released <mask>'s first label single, titled "Wall of Tears." Despite breaking into the top 40, the song failed to become a major hit.In 1987, the label issued the self-penned "80's Ladies," which became her first major hit. <mask> had written the tune several years prior in small chunks over time. "I thought it was one of those show pieces. I never dreamed or thought it would be a single," she stated in 2011. The single peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in July and went to number four on the RPM Country Singles chart in Canada. It would later win the Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance and Song of the Year at the Country Music Association Awards. <mask> became the CMA's first female artist to win the Song of the Year accolade."80's Ladies" also received a positive response from critics. Steve Huey of Allmusic called the track "anthemic," while Mary Bufwack and Robert K. Oermann called it "the anthem of a generation." Bill Friskics-Warren of The New York Times compared its piano sound to that of Jackson Browne. In July 1987, <mask>'s debut studio album of the same name was released on RCA. It became the highest-charting album by a female country artist in 20 years, topping the Billboard Top Country Albums chart in February 1988. It was also her highest-charting release on the Billboard 200 reaching a peak of 68 in March 1988. It would later certify platinum in the United States for selling over

masks: Oslin Oslin Oslin Oslin Oslin


texts: one million copies.Both of the follow-up singles to "80's Ladies" ("Do Ya" and "I'll Always Come Back") reached number one on the country chart. <mask>'s musical success allowed her to become more financially stable. By 1988, she purchased her first house, but was rarely home due to a demanding tour schedule. That year, she toured with Alabama and George Strait, and recorded her second album for RCA. In August 1988, This Woman was released. <mask> wrote (or co-wrote) all ten of the album's tracks. According to <mask>, This Woman reflected the modern thinking of middle-aged women of the eighties.The project received critical acclaim from various publications. Alex Henderson of Allmusic gave it a three-star rating, calling it "a generally appealing release that successfully balances commercial and artistic considerations." Rolling Stone named it one of their "12 Classic Albums" in 2018 and found it to define female independence. Rock critic Robert Christgau gave the album a "B" rating, praising the album's defiance of gender roles in the Nashville establishment. It produced the number one hit, "Hold Me," which would also win her a second Grammy award. It was followed by the top five hits, "Hey Bobby" and its title track. <mask> had continued success into the 1990s.That year, she performed at Carnegie Hall alongside new singer Clint Black, who also served as the opening act of her newly established headlining tour. However, her constant road schedule was negatively affecting her mental health. She took several months off from appearances to refocus and readjust her mental health. "It


texts:
 took me months to become a human," she told the Chicago Tribune in 1990. Oslin also took time to write and record her third studio album. In late 1990, Love in a Small Town was released on RCA Records. The project peaked at number five on the Billboard country albums chart and spent 71 weeks there.Despite the album's first single becoming only a minor hit, the second single, "Come Next Monday," would be her fourth number one single on the country chart. It was followed by the top 40 hit, "Mary and Willie," and the charting singles "You Call Everybody Darling" and "Cornell Crawford". <mask> spent more time away from music as the decade progressed. Her last album project for RCA would be the 1993 compilation, Greatest Hits: Songs from an Aging Sex Bomb. The compilation peaked at number 28 on the Top Country Albums list and number 126 on the Billboard 200. Along with eight of her major hits, Greatest Hits also included three new songs. Notably included was a re-recording of "New Way Home."It was later released as single and spent three weeks on the Billboard country chart. Jack Hurst of The Chicago Tribune found its new tracks to be "pop sounding" but also found it to blend effectively with her previous hits. Allmusic's Rick Anderson rated it four out of five stars, yet also observed it to have pop inflections. However, he found the quality of the writing and sound to be quite high: "This is great pop music, no matter what bin you find it in." 1993–2015: Acting transition, hiatus and return to the spotlight
<mask> began turning her career towards acting by 1994. This began with a

masks: Oslin Oslin