texts:
 his trademark. Around 1980, he began to regularly contribute cartoons and illustrations to the Australian Women's Weekly. Although best known for his children's book illustrations (notably the long-running Selby series, published for more than two decades from 1985), Stomann has also, since the early 1980s, contributed artwork to humorous or instructional books for adults. He has also designed sleeves for LP records by popular children's entertainer Peter Combe, including Toffee Apple (1987) and Spaghetti Bolognaise (1988). In November 1983, Stomann registered his business as Allan Stoman & Associates Pty Ltd. It continues to operate under that name, based in McMahons Point, Sydney.Works

Early works
 Nothing at All Rhymes (London: Paul Hamlyn, 1969)
 Clancy Carruthers with Ted Ashby, My Learn-to-take-photos Book (Sydney: Hamlyn, 1971)
 Marcia Hatfield, Eddie's Numbers (Sydney: Hamlyn, 1972)
 Coralie Rees, What Happened After? Nursery Rhyme Sequels (Sydney: Paul Hamlyn, 1972)
 Lydia Pender, Sharpur the Carpet Snake (Melbourne: Cheshire, 1976)
 Bill Wannan, Crooked Mick of the Speewah and Other Tall Tales (Sydney: Angus & Robertson, 1977)
 Hundreds and Thousands of Things to Do (Sydney: Rigby in association with Beckett Green Publishing, 1978)
 John Lapsley, Ask a Silly Question Answers to Silly Questions (Sydney: Rigby Limited/Ian Green Books Pty Ltd, 1979)

ABC Sing books
 Everybody Sing! (Sydney: ABC, 1976)
 Sing Sing Sing (Sydney: ABC, 1977)
 Let's Sing! (Sydney: ABC, 1978)
 All Together Sing (Sydney: ABC, 1979)
 Sing! (Sydney: ABC, 1980)
 Let's All Sing!


type: original

texts:
 (Sydney: ABC, 1981)
 Sing Along (Sydney: ABC, 1983)
 Sing On! (Sydney: ABC, 1985)
 Sing!(Sydney: Ashton Scholastic, 1986)
 Margaret Roc, Oodles of Noodles (Sydney: Hodder & Stoughton, 1987)

Books for Adults
 Bill Pigeon & Clarrie King, Humour in the Weekly (Melbourne: Currey O'Neil, 1983)
 Mike Gibson, The Best of Mike Gibson: A Humorous Look at Everyday Aussie Life (Sydney: Collins, 1983)
 John & Judy Kidd, Dr Kidd on Sleep Problems What To Do When Your Child Won't Sleep (Sydney: Doubleday/Transword Publishers Australia Pty Ltd, 1987)
 Eric Smith, An Accidental History of Words: A Lighthearted Look at the Things we Say (Sydney: Bay Books, 1988)
 Kerry Cook, ABC Child Safety: a Handy Guide to Childproofing your Home (Sydney: Simon & Schuster, 1989)
 <mask>n, The Best of Stomann (Mosman: Wellbeing, 1996)
 Steve Biddulph, The Secret of Happy Children (Sydney: Angus & Robertson, 1997)
 Doug Malouf, How to Kiss And Keep Your Customers, and Kick the Competition! (Sydney: DTS International, 1997)

Album Covers
 Chris Kirby, Iskybibble: starring Chris Kirby (1971) (Violet's Holiday, 45rpm, VHK-4455)
 Chris Kirby, Iskybibble: The Three Witches; The Little Star (1970s)
 Chris Kirby, Iskybibble, Volume 2: Iskybibble and a Fish Called Fingers (1970s)
 Peter Combe, Toffee Apple (1987) (ABC Records/Festival L27206)
 Peter Combe, Spaghetti Bolognaise (1988) (ABC Records/Polygram Records 836 0391-1)
 Chris Kirby, The Adventures of Iskybibble'' (2006) (Southern Cross Music; collecting Volumes 1 & 2)

References

Selby Series
Living people
Australian illustrators
1943


texts: <mask> (8 September 801 – 3 February 865), also known as Anskar, <mask>, Saint Anschar or Oscar, was Archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen in the northern part of the Kingdom of the East Franks. <mask> became known as the "Apostle of the North" because of his travels and the See of Hamburg received the missionary mandate to bring Christianity to Northern Europe. <mask> was the son of a noble Frankish family, born near Amiens (present day France). After his mother's early death, Ansgar was brought up in Benedictine monastery of Corbie in Picardy. According to the Vita Ansgarii ("Life of Ansgar"), when the little boy learned in a vision that his mother was in the company of Mary, mother of Jesus, his careless attitude toward spiritual matters changed to seriousness. His pupil, successor, and eventual biographer Rimbert considered the visions (of which this was the first) to have been Ansgar's main life motivator. Ansgar acted in the context of the phase of Christianization of Saxony (present day Northern Germany) begun by Charlemagne and continued by Charlemagne's son and successor, Louis the Pious.In 822 <mask> became one of many missionaries sent to found the abbey of Corvey (New Corbie) in Westphalia, where he became a teacher and preacher. A group of monks including <mask> were sent further north to Jutland with the king Harald Klak, who had received baptism during his exile. With Harald's downfall in 827 and <mask>'s companion Autbert having died, their school for the sons of courtiers closed and <mask> returned to Germany. Then in 829, after the Swedish king Björn at Hauge requested missionaries for his Swedes, King Louis sent <mask>, now accompanied by friar Witmar from New Corbie as his assistant. Ansgar preached and made converts, particularly during six

masks:
Ansgar
Saint Ansgar
Ansgar
Life Ansgar
Ansgar
Ansgar
Ansgar
Ansgar
Ansgar


texts: months at Birka, on Lake Mälaren, where the wealthy widow Mor Frideborg extended hospitality. Ansgar organized a small congregation with her and the king's steward, Hergeir, as its most prominent members. In 831 <mask> returned to Louis' court at Worms and was appointed to the Archbishopric of Hamburg-Bremen.This was a new archbishopric, incorporating the bishoprics of Bremen and Verden and with the right to send missions into all the northern lands, as well as to consecrate bishops for them. <mask> received the mission of evangelizing pagan Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The King of Sweden decided to cast lots as to whether to admit the Christian missionaries into his kingdom. <mask> recommended the issue to the care of God, and the lot was favorable. <mask> was consecrated as a bishop in November 831, with the approval of Gregory IV. Before traveling north once again, <mask> traveled to Rome to receive the pallium directly from the pope's hands, and was formally named legate for the northern lands. Ebbo, Archbishop of Reims had previously received a similar commission, but would be deposed twice before his death in 851, and never actually traveled so far north, so the jurisdiction was divided by agreement, with Ebbo retaining Sweden for himself.For a time <mask> devoted himself to the needs of his own diocese, which was still a missionary territory and had few churches. He founded a monastery and a school in Hamburg. Although intended to serve the Danish mission further north, it accomplished little. After Louis the Pious died in 840, his empire was divided and <mask> lost the abbey of Turholt, which Louis had given to endow Ansgar's work. Then in 845, the Danes unexpectedly raided Hamburg, destroying all the church's treasures and books. Ansgar now had

masks: Ansgar Ansgar Ansgar Ansgar Ansgar Ansgar Ansgar


texts:
 neither see nor revenue, and many helpers deserted him. The new king, Louis' third son, Louis the German, did not re-endow Turholt to Ansgar, but in 847 he named the missionary to the vacant diocese of Bremen, where Ansgar moved in 848.However, since Bremen had been suffragan to the Bishop of Cologne, combining the sees of Bremen and Hamburg presented canonical difficulties. After prolonged negotiations, Pope Nicholas I would approve the union of the two dioceses in 864. Through this political turmoil, <mask> continued his northern mission. The Danish civil war compelled him to establish good relations with two kings, Horik the Elder and his son, Horik II. Both assisted him until his death; <mask> was able to secure permission to build a church in Sleswick north of Hamburg and recognition of Christianity as a tolerated religion. <mask> did not forget the Swedish mission, and spent two years there in person (848–850), averting a threatened pagan reaction. In 854, <mask> returned to Sweden when king Olof ruled in Birka.According to Rimbert, he was well disposed to Christianity. On a Viking raid to Apuole (current village in Lithuania) in Courland, the Swedes plundered the Curonians. Death and legacy

<mask> was buried in Bremen in 865. His successor as archbishop, Rimbert, wrote the Vita Ansgarii. He noted that <mask> wore a rough hair shirt, lived on bread and water, and showed great charity to the poor. Adam of Bremen attributed the Vita et miracula of Willehad (first bishop of Bremen) to <mask> in Gesta Hammenburgensis ecclesiæ; <mask> is also the reputed author of a collection of brief prayers Pigmenta (ed. J. M. Lappenberg, Hamburg, 1844).Pope Nicholas I declared <mask> a saint shortly after the missionary's death. The first actual missionary in

masks: Ansgar Ansgar Ansgar Ansgar Ansgar Ansgar Ansgar Ansgar Ansgar


texts:
 Sweden and the Nordic countries (and organizer of the Catholic church therein), <mask> und St. Bernhard Kirche). Statues of Bishop <mask> stand in Hamburg, Copenhagen and Ribe, as well as a stone cross at Birka. His feast day (Lesser Festival) is 3 February, as it is in the Church of England.Visions

Although a historical document and primary source written by a man whose existence can be proven historically, the Vita Ansgarii ("The Life of <mask>") aims above all to demonstrate <mask>'s sanctity. It is partly concerned with <mask>'s visions, which, according to the author Rimbert, encouraged and assisted <mask>'s remarkable missionary feats. Through the course of this work, <mask> repeatedly embarks on a new stage in his career following a vision. According to Rimbert, his early studies and ensuing devotion to the ascetic life of a monk were inspired by a vision of his mother in the presence of Mary, mother of Jesus. Again, when the Swedish people were left without a priest for some time, he begged King Horik to help him with this problem; then after receiving his consent, consulted with Bishop Gautbert to find a suitable man. The two together sought the approval of King Louis, which he granted when he learned that they were in agreement on the issue. <mask> was convinced he was commanded by heaven to undertake this mission and was influenced by a vision he received when he was concerned about the journey, in which he met a man who reassured him of his purpose and informed him of a prophet that he would meet, the abbot Adalhard, who would instruct him in what was to happen.In the vision, he searched for and found Adalhard, who commanded, "Islands, listen to me, pay attention, remotest peoples", which <mask> interpreted as God's will that he go to the

masks: Ansgarsgar Ansgar Ansgar Ansgar Ansgar Ansgar Ansgar Ansgar Ansgar


texts:
 Scandinavian countries as "most of that country consisted of islands, and also, when 'I will make you the light of the nations so that my salvation may reach to the ends of the earth' was added, since the end of the world in the north was in Swedish territory". See also
List of Catholic saints
List of Eastern Orthodox saints
Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)
 Hochkirchlicher Apostolat St. Ansgar
 Sankt-Ansgar-Schule
Vita Ansgarii

References

Further reading
 Jakobsson, Sverrir. Mission Miscarried: The Narrators of the Ninth-Century Missions to Scandinavia and Central Europe. Bulgaria Medievalis 2 (2011), 49–69. Palmer, James T., Rimbert's Vita Anskarii and the Scandinavian Mission in the Ninth Century. Journal of Ecclesiastical History 55/2 (2004), 235–56. Pryce, Mark.Literary Companion to the Festivals: A Poetic Gathering to Accompany Liturgical Celebrations of Commemorations and Festivals. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2003. Tschan, Francis J. History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen. New York: Columbia University Press, 1959. External links

Ansgar at Birka History of Birka
Vita Ansgari, English translation from Medieval sourcebook
German History Forum
ANSKAR The Apostle of the North (801–865). Translated from the Vita Anskarii by Bishop Rimbert his fellow missionary and successor.BY CHARLES H. ROBINSON. Im BTM format

|-

801 births
865 deaths
Diplomats of the Holy See
Danish Roman Catholic saints
Medieval Swedish saints
9th-century Frankish bishops
Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen
Viking Age clergy
9th-century Christian saints
Saints from East Francia
9th-century people from East Francia
Christian missionaries in Denmark
Christian missionaries in Sweden
Medieval Danish saints
9th-century Latin writers
Writers of the Carolingian Empire
Anglican


texts:
<mask> (born 12 December 1940) is an Indian Sociologist and a pioneer of leisure studies in India. His work in this field has been widely reviewed in both India and abroad. He completed his master's degree in Sociology and PhD from University of Rajasthan, Jaipur. He also worked for his PhD under the title Leisure, Mass Media and Social Structure (1985) at the Centre for the Study of Social Systems, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, with a distinguished scholar Professor Yogendra Singh before joining the Department of Sociology at the University of Rajasthan as Assistant Professor of Sociology (September 1974). Dr. <mask> received the Lifetime Achievement Award in 2015 from the Indian Sociological Society, which is the highest and most coveted award given by the Society to honour Indian Sociologists who have made profound and exceptional contributions in the field of sociology and thereby enriched the discipline of sociology and enhanced the capability and respectability of its professionals. Career
<mask> has conducted major research projects related to leisure, drug abuse, adult literacy, women, children, youth, senior citizens, theatre and tourism. He has collaborated in several international research projects and has contributed book chapters in international publications.More than a dozen research students have been awarded PhD under his supervision for their doctoral work, from within the country and abroad. He himself has conducted extensive field work in urban, rural and tribal areas in connection with the various research projects. As a keen student of theory and methodology, he is interested in social categories as children, youth, women, workers, backward classes and the old. He is also interested in the areas of poverty, ecology, health,

masks:
Ishwar Modi
Ishwar Prasad Modi
Ishwar Modi


texts: population, movements, voting behaviour and human rights. This apart, he has extensively travelled, participated, Chaired and Co-Chaired at several international conferences and spoken on "Leisurology", "Tourism", "Youth" and "Mass Media" in several universities and conferences in Asia, Europe and the United States of America. Many important universities in Canada, and US have invited him to speak on his work on "Leisurology". Dr. <mask> accorded the responsibility to organise the first-ever World Leisure Congress in India on "Leisure and Social Change" as Organising Secretary on behalf of Research Committee on Leisure of the [International Sociological Association] (ISA RC 13) in November 1989 at Jaipur.Elected Vice-President of the Research Committee on Leisure of the International Sociological Association (ISA) first for the period 1990?1994 and then again for 1998–2002, and 2002–2006. Invited to Chair sessions at all the congresses held abroad and attended all the previous four World Congresses of Sociology held respectively in New Delhi (1986), Madrid, Spain (1990), Bielefeld, Germany (1994), and Montreal, Canada (1998). Elected on board of directors of WLRA for several terms (1991–93, 1993–96, 1996–99). The World Leisure and Recreation Association (WLRA), now christened as World Leisure, (which is the largest international body of leisure professionals having consultative status with UN and UNESCO). Dr. <mask> remained Director at the Regional Centre, Jaipur of Kota Open-University, Kota during 1991–92; and (now since 2002) Vardhaman Mahaveer Open University, Kota; for which, he is currently working as Consultant for Culture and Tourism (December 2006). WLRA conferred its distinction of Honorary Life Membership on Dr. <mask> on the occasion of its

masks: Modi Modi Modi


texts: Annual Meeting held in Minneapolis, USA (October 1994) and also assigned him the responsibility of organising the 3rd WLRA World Congress in Jaipur (1993) as Organising Secretary. He is the only faculty member from the Department of Sociology, University of Rajasthan who has attended all the previous four WLRA World Congresses held respectively in Sydney, Australia (1991), Jaipur, India (1993), Cardiff, Wales, UK (1996), and São Paulo, Brazil (1998) and was also invited to Chair the sessions.Similarly, the [International Institute for Peace through Tourism (IIPT)] invited him to participate at its IInd and the IIIrd Global Conferences held respectively in Montreal, Canada (1994) and Glasgow. Scotland, UK (1999) and to Moderate/Coordinate/Facilitate and Chair the various sessions. Delivered the Keynote Address on: “Cultural Implications of Tourism in the 21st Century” at the International Recreational Management Conference held at the Hong Kong Baptist University in December 1995. Dr. <mask> is being regularly invited as a visiting faculty member for the last several years at [WLRA International Center of Excellence (WICE)], previously at Leeuwarden and presently at Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands and has nominated him as its Country Representative ever since its inception (1992), one of the most important centres for Leisure, Tourism and Environment Studies in the world. He is not only an elected member of international associations and organisations but was also a Managing committee member of the [Indian Sociological Society] (1995–2001) and continues to be the Convenor of its Research Committee on Leisure and Tourism ever since its inception. He has been an Executive committee member of the [Rajasthan HRD Network Forum]


texts:
 (2003–2005). He recently collaborated in a UNESCO sponsored project on "Theatre across Cultures: Encounters along the Silk Road” along with scholars from Switzerland, France and Taiwan.Dr. <mask> has been Founder Director of the Centre for Leisure & Tourism Studies, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur at the time of his retirement (December 2002). Visiting Professor at the [Indian Institute of Health Management Research (IIHRM)], Jaipur (2006). Elected President of the [Rajasthan Sociological Association] (2005–08)

Elected Vice-President of the Rajasthan HRD Network Forum. This apart, Dr. <mask> was the only faculty member of the Department of Sociology of the University of Rajasthan who was elected on an important executive position of a Research Committee of the [International Sociological Association (ISA)]. After his retirement, Dr. <mask> is working on his long-cherished dream of establishing an India International Institute of Social Sciences (IIISS), an academic institution of international standards at Jaipur with the state-of-art facilities including foreign faculty collaboration. Bibliography
Some of his major publications, other than the many book chapters and papers on the themes of his special interest mentioned above, include:
Leisure, Mass Media and Social Structure (1985)
Emerging Trends in Indian Sociology (1986)
Drugs: Addiction and Prevention (1997)
Human Values and Social Change (2000)
Aging and Human Development (2001)

A major publication project is under progress (24 volumes on his favourite themes). References

Scientists from Rajasthan
Living people
1940 births
Indian sociologists
University of Rajasthan alumni
Jawaharlal Nehru University alumni
University of Rajasthan faculty
Tourism researchers
20th-century Indian educational


texts:
<mask> (15 April 1646 25 August 1699) was king of Denmark and Norway from 1670 until his death in 1699. Well-regarded by the common people, he was the first king anointed at Frederiksborg Castle chapel as absolute monarch since the decree that institutionalized the supremacy of the king in Denmark-Norway. <mask> fortified the absolutist system against the aristocracy by accelerating his father's practice of allowing both Holstein nobles and Danish and Norwegian commoners into state service. As king, he wanted to show his power as absolute monarch through architecture, and dreamed of a Danish Versailles. He was the first to use the 1671 Throne Chair of Denmark, partly made for this purpose. His motto was: Pietate et Justitia (With piety and justice). Biography

Early years

<mask> was elected successor to his father in June 1650.This was not a free choice, but de facto automatic hereditary succession. Escorted by his chamberlain <mask> Parsberg, <mask> went on a long trip abroad, to Holland, England, France, and home through Germany. On this trip, he saw absolutism in its most splendid achievement at the young <mask>'s court, and heard about the theory of the divine right of kings. He returned to Denmark in August 1663. From 1664 he was allowed to attend proceedings of the State College. Hereditary succession was made official by Royal Law in 1665. <mask> was hailed as heir in Copenhagen in August 1665, in Odense and Viborg in September, and in Christiania, Norway in July 1666.Only a short time before he became king, he was taken into the Council of the Realm and the Supreme Court. He became king upon his father's death on 9 February 1670, and was formally crowned in 1671. He was the first hereditary king of Denmark-Norway, and in honor of this, Denmark-Norway acquired costly new crown jewels and a magnificent new ceremonial sword. Reign
It is generally argued that

masks:
Christian V
Christian
Christian
Christoffer
Christian
Louis XIV
Christian


texts: <mask>'s personal courage and affability made him popular among the common people, but his image was marred by his unsuccessful attempt to regain Scania for Denmark in the Scanian War. The war exhausted Denmark's economic resources without securing any gains. Part of <mask>'s appeal to the common people may be explained by the fact that he allowed Danish and Norwegian commoners into state service, but his attempts to curtail the influence of the nobility also meant continuing his father's drive toward absolutism. To accommodate non-aristocrats into state service, he created the new noble ranks of count and baron.One of the commoners elevated in this way by the king was Peder Schumacher, named Count of Griffenfeld by <mask> in 1670 and high councillor of Denmark in 1674. Griffenfeld, a skilled statesman, better understood the precarious situation Denmark-Norway placed itself by attacking Sweden at a time when the country was allied with France, the major European power of the era. After some hesitation, <mask> initiated the Scanian War (1675-1679) against Sweden in an attempt to reconquer Scania which Denmark had lost under the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658. As Griffenfeld predicted, Sweden's stronger ally France was the party that dictated the peace with Denmark's ally the Netherlands, and in spite of Danish victory at sea in the battles against Sweden in 1675–1679 during the Scanian War, Danish hopes for border changes on the Scandinavian Peninsula between the two countries were dashed. The results of the war efforts proved politically and financially unremunerative for Denmark-Norway. The damage to the Danish-Norwegian economy was extensive. At this point, <mask> no longer had his most experienced foreign relations counsel around to repair the political damage — in 1676 he had been persuaded to sacrifice Griffenfeld as a traitor, and to the clamour of his

masks:
Christian V
Christian
Christian V
Christian V
Christian V


texts: adversaries, Griffenfeld was imprisoned for the remainder of his life.After the Scanian War, his sister, Princess Ulrike Eleonora of Denmark, married Swedish king Charles XI, whose mother was a stout supporter of the Duke of Holstein-Gottorp. In spite of the family ties, war between the brothers-in-law was close again in 1689, when Charles XI nearly provoked confrontation with Denmark-Norway by his support of the exiled <mask>, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp in his claims to Holstein-Gottorp in Schleswig-Holstein. Like Charles XI of Sweden, who had never been outside Sweden, <mask> spoke only German and Danish and was therefore often considered poorly educated due to his inability to communicate with visiting foreign diplomats. <mask> was also often considered dependent on his councillors by contemporary sources. The Danish monarch did nothing to dispel this notion. In his memoirs, he listed "hunting, love-making, war and maritime affairs" as his main interests in life. <mask> introduced the  Danish Code  (Danske Lov) in 1683, the first law code for all of Denmark.He also introduced the similar Norske Lov (Norwegian Code) of 1687 to replace Christian IVs Norwegian Code from 1604 in Norway. He also introduced the land register of 1688, which attempted to work out the land value of the united monarchy in order to create a more just taxation. During the reign of <mask> V, Denmark's trade in cattle that had declined due to catastrophic fires and wars has been restored, and livestock and crop exports have also surpassed Frederick III, with thousands of cattle entering and leaving Jutland through the Oxen Way. After entering and fattening in the Danish King's German enclave County of Oldenburg，the castle reached the big market in Wedel. From there, cattle are resold to all parts of North Germany via Stade, Hamburg and Lübeck. As the population continues to soar at the end of

masks:
Christian Albert
Christian V
Christian V
Christian V
Christian


texts:
 the seventeenth century, demand for beef, grains and fish is increasing, both throughout North Germany and on the Baltic coast alone. In terms of the number of livestock shipped to the South, in 1680 each market had reached 40,000 cattle.Traditional export commodities, including fish and grains, have increased their exports since the beginning of the seventeenth century. The agricultural products exported by Denmark, especially cattle, have made a lot of money from Germany and the Netherlands for the Danish royal family, the aristocrats and the town residents. During his reign, science witnessed a golden age due to the work of the astronomer Ole Rømer in spite of the king's personal lack of scientific knowledge and interest. He died from the after-effects of a hunting accident and was interred in Roskilde Cathedral. Family
<mask> V had eight children by his wife and six by his Maîtresse-en-titre, Sophie Amalie Moth (1654–1719), whom he took up with when she was sixteen. Sophie was the daughter of his former tutor Poul Moth. <mask> publicly introduced Sophie into court in 1672, a move which insulted his wife, and made her countess of Samsø on 31 December 1677.Legitimate children by his queen Charlotte Amalie:

Illegitimate children by his mistress, Sophie Amalie Moth, Countess of Samsø:

Arms

Ancestry

References

External links

 The Royal Lineage at the website of the Danish Monarchy
 <mask> at the website of the Royal Danish Collection
 The Royal Orders of Chivalry (Order of Dannebrog, instituted by <mask> in 1671) — Official site of the Danish Monarchy

1646 births
1699 deaths
17th-century monarchs of Denmark
17th-century Norwegian monarchs
Dukes of Schleswig
Dukes of Holstein
Counts of Oldenburg
People from Flensburg
Denmark–Norway
Knights of the Garter
Burials at Roskilde Cathedral
Accidental deaths in Denmark
Hunting accident deaths
People of the

masks:
Christian
Christian
Christian V
Christian V


texts:
<mask> (born October 18, 1955) is an American singer for the Athens, Georgia bands Pylon, Supercluster and Pylon Reenactment Society. Biography
Born to a textile worker and a housewife in Atlanta, Georgia, <mask> attended elementary and high school in Dacula, Georgia, prior to moving to Athens to attend college. <mask> graduated from the University of Georgia art school in 1978. She became the singer for Pylon after being auditioned by Michael Lachowski, Randy Bewley, and Curtis Crowe. A few months later Pylon were the opening band for the British group the Gang of Four in New York City, at the club Hurrah, after being brought to the club's attention by Kate Pierson and Fred Schneider of the B-52's. Danny Beard, from Atlanta helped Pylon to record their first single "Cool/Dub" in 1979 at Stone Mountain Studios in Atlanta, and Pylon began to tour the US. The album Gyrate followed and was released in late 1980.Early career highlights included a performance at Central Park opening for the B-52's, a tour of the UK, opening a few dates for U2 on their first major US tour and the release of the album Chomp. Pylon decided to quit while they were still having fun. They broke up for the first time in 1983 after playing a "final" show, which was taped for The Athens Show. This was never formally released. In 1986, <mask> was filmed for the movie Athens, GA: Inside Out and spoke about her experiences with Pylon. She and <mask> were married in 1986. In 1987 they had their first daughter.In 1989, Pylon reformed. Career highlights the second time around included tours with both R.E.M. and the B-52's, performances at SXSW

masks:
Vanessa Briscoe Hay
Hay
Hay
Hay
Bob Hay


texts: and CMJ. Hits, a compilation of their early material was reissued by DB Records in 1989. Pylon recorded their third album Chain for the Atlanta label Sky Records in 1991. Pylon broke up a second time in 1992.They played several more shows including the South by Southwest Festival in 1990 and 1991, but when guitarist Bewley decided to leave in 1991, the band broke up again. <mask> became an RN in 1994.In 1993, she and <mask> had their second daughter. Randy Bewley approached the other band members about reforming Pylon, just for fun, in 2004. In August, 2004 Pylon played an unannounced show at Little Kings in Athens, Georgia. In 2005, they played a series of dates in Athens and Atlanta, including Athfest and at the Atlanta Heroes awards by the invitation of the B-52's. Jason Gross, Perfect Sound Forever encouraged them to look into reissuing their first album, Gyrate, on CD. Jeff Calder (The Swimming Pool Q's) restored the tapes at Southern Tracks Studios in Atlanta and Rodney Mills remastered them at Rodney Mills Masterhouse in Duluth, Georgia. DFA records in New York approached Pylon about reissuing this material, unaware that Pylon were already working toward this.James Murphy of LCD Soundsystem (band), had been including Pylon's song "Danger" in his DJ sets for several years and was interested in re—issuing Pylon's first album Gyrate on his label DFA. Gyrate Plus was reissued on October 16, 2007. A remastered Chomp More was reissued on October 20, 2009. <mask> was also a member of the recording project Supercluster (band) who record and sometimes perform in Athens, Georgia along with Jason NeSmith. Other

masks:
Vanessa Hay
Bob Hay
Hay


texts:
 members of this project included Hannah M. Jones, Kay Stanton, <mask>, Bill David, John Fernandes, Heather McIntosh, Bryan Poole and Randy Bewley (deceased). Waves, their full-length project, was released on October 6, 2009. A 7-inch vinyl single "Gravity / Altitude" by Pylon was issued in April 2016 by Chunklet as a part of the Pylon Live project.A double vinyl album was issued on July 25, 2016. This music was recorded at the first final performance on December 1, 1983 at the Mad Hatter in Athens, GA. <mask> performed with Pylon Reenactment Society at both release events along with Swimming Pool Q's and members of Love Tractor. Since 2014, <mask> has fronted the Pylon Reenactment Society, a Pylon tribute act featuring members of more recent Athens bands like the Glands and Casper & the Cookies. In a 2016 Portland Mercury interview, <mask>s said, "It's been inspirational, if that's the right word, to be able to play this music again. I really don't want people to forget Pylon. These are different people and we are re-enacting this experience, so it's not exactly Pylon, but it's fresh and done in the same spirit". In October 2017, Pylon Reenactment Society self-released an EP initially recorded on December 11, 2016, for broadcast in Los Angeles, California, for DJ Michael Stock's KXLU show "Part Time Punks," called "Part Time Punks Session."In March 2018, <mask> was named one of the “25 Best Frontwomen of All Time” by Paste Magazine

Discography

Pylon
 Cool/Dub  7-inch single (Caution Records 1980)
 Gyrate LP (DB Records, Armageddon 1980)
 Pylon !! Records IRS6185)
 Hits, Cassette, CD (1989, DB Recs DB91)

masks:
Bob Hay
Vanessa
Hay
Hay
Hay


texts:
 Squares Blot Out the Sun, Vinyl LP, CD, Cassette, Various artists (1990, DB Recs DB72)
 Totally Wired, CD, Various artists  (1995, Razor & Tie RE 2076)Various - Totally Wired Discogs
 KFJC 98.7 Fifty - Blowing Minds Since 1959, Vinyl double record LP, Various artists (2009, No label KJFC24)
 Keith Haring - The World of Keith Haring - Influences + Connections , Vinyl triple record LP boxset, Triple CD boxset, Various artists (2019, Soul Jazz, Ltd. SJR LP444)

With other artists
 Finest Worksongs:Athens Bands play the music of R.E.M. CD (2007, Iron Horse IHR002)  (guest vocalist-The Observatory-"Pilgrimage")

Other
 Dead Letter Office (LP) LP (IRS Records 1985) (Cover of "Crazy" by R.E.M.) We Made A Record, What Did You Do?/Wuxtry Record Store Day Compilation (LP) LP (Wuxtry Records 2010) (Paris Effect)
 Cover + Remix 7-inch single (DFA Records, October 2011) (Cover of "Cool" by Deerhunter, Remix of Yo-Yo by Calvinist)
 Tunabunny - "Form A Line RSD" 12-inch 12-inch ep (HHBTM Records, April 2013) ("Form A Line" by Tunabunny, Form A Line: Vanessa Vocal Version,Back It Up Dub Version, Album Version, Line Dance Version)
 Dressy Bessy - "Lady Liberty" album  (Yep Rock Records, February 2016) (Backing vocals on "Get Along (Diamond Ring) by Dressy Bessy

Filmography
 Athens, GA.: Inside/Out (1987), archive footage, interview
 Motherhood(2009), songtrack song "Stop It," Pylon mentioned as The Pylons by Eliza Uma Thurmond, the main character who also dances with a bicycle messenger to this song. Video
 Beep (1990), Pylon, from CD: Hits, a compilation, DB Records
 Look Alive (1992), Pylon, from album :Chain, Sky


texts:
 Records
 Too Many Eights (2007), Supercluster, from CDR EP: Special 5
 I Got the Answer (2009), Supercluster, from: CD Waves, Studio Mouse Productions/Cloud Recordings
 Neat In The Street (2011), Supercluster, from: single "Paris Effect"/"Neat In The Street", Studio Mouse Productions/Cloud Recordings. Written by The Side Effects (Butchart/Ellison/Swartz), 1980. Memory Of The Future (2012), Supercluster, from: single Things We Used To Drink/Memory Of The Future, Studio Mouse Productions.Directed by Hana <mask> and Hannah Jones from artwork by Hannah Jones. Beep (2017), Pylon Reenactment Society, from Vinyl 12” Ep Part Time Punks Sessiom, PRS for Chunklet Industries, from unreleased documentary “Athens, GA...30 Years On” directed by Bill Cody,edited by Tony Brazier. Messenger (2019), Pylon Reenactment Society, from Vinyl 7” Single Messenger / Cliff Notes, PRS for Chunklet Industries, directed by Tony Brazier. References

Sources
Reynolds, Simon: Rip It Up and Start Again: Postpunk 1978-1984, Penguin Books, February 2006, p. 264. Strong,Martin Charles: The Great Indie Discography, Canongate Books, October 2003, p. 282. Christgau,Robert: Christgau's Consumer Guide-the 80's, Pantheon Books, 1990, pp. 329, 498, 506.External links
 PARTY ZONE: a tribute to Pylon
 Pylon unofficial web site
 Pylon official web site
 [ AllMusic entry on Pylon]
 [ AllMusic entry on Supercluster]
 <mask> <mask> Top 5 Pylon Songs

American rock singers
American women singers
1955 births
Living people
University of Georgia alumni
Musicians from Athens, Georgia
American new wave musicians
People from Dacula, Georgia
21st-century American

masks:
Hay
Vanessa Briscoe
Hay


texts:
Sir <mask>  (7 December 1895 – 28 April 1964) was a Sierra Leonean medical doctor and politician who served as the country's head of government from 1954 until his death in 1964. He was titled chief minister from 1954 to 1960, and then prime minister from 1961 onwards. <mask> studied medicine in England, and upon returning to homeland became a prominent public health campaigner. He entered politics as the founder and inaugural leader of the Sierra Leone People's Party. <mask> oversaw Sierra Leone's transition to independence, which occurred in 1961. He died in office aged 68, and was succeeded as prime minister by his brother Albert. <mask> enjoyed the support of Sierra Leoneans across classes, who respected his moderate style, friendly demeanor, and political savvy.Early life

<mask> was born on 7 December 1895 in the village of Gbangbatoke, Moyamba District in the Southern Province of British Sierra Leone to Mende parents. Sir <mask> was the oldest of eighteen children. His father was M.E.S<mask> an affluent trader from Bonthe District. His grandfather was a Mende warrior chief. At the time of his birth, Sierra Leone was a British protectorate. <mask> received his primary education at the Evangelical United Brethren School in Bonthe, Bonthe District.He graduated from St. Edward's Secondary School in Freetown. In 1921, he earned his bachelor's degree in history from Fourah Bay College. <mask> went to medical school in England and graduated as a medical doctor from the Durham University College of Medicine (which went on to become Newcastle University Medical School) in 1926. <mask> also attended the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. He became the first doctor from the Protectorate. He was the first Protectorate man to become a medical doctor. <mask> also played the piano, violin and organ.Medical career

<mask> returned to Sierra Leone in 1928 after earning his medical degree and enjoyed an exceptional career in

masks:
Milton Augustus Strieby Margai
Margai
Margai
Margai
Margai
Milton
. Margai
Margai
Margai
Margai
Margai
Margai


texts:
 the Colonial Medical Service. He served in 11 of 12 districts in the protectorate. He waged informational campaigns on social welfare and hygiene. Women's health reform

Margai trained health care workers to instruct female community leaders in the Mende women's religion, the Sande. The Sande religion served as a facilitation system of practical knowledge about midwifery passed down by generations of women in the region. In 1948, <mask> wrote an article for African Affairs entitled "Welfare Work in a Secret Society," in which he discusses his successes in establishing a series of training camps which taught hygiene and domestic skills to young female Sande initiates. In the article, <mask> states "It is simply natural that such a society, when correctly approached, will not be very much averse to the idea of infusing in its teachings a correct and more up-to-date information on the subjects it has been trying to teach, provided it does not interfere or expose the secrets of the society."Working in concert with local women's groups, <mask> helped introduce health and hygiene training into puberty initiation ceremonies. He also trained midwives and was the author of an instruction manual on midwifery in the Mende language. The women whom Margai trained became known as "Mamma Nurses," and were respected for their prowess in midwifery due to <mask>'s training. Political career

Early work

<mask>'s entry into politics occurred in the 1930s when he became a nonchief member of the Protectorate assembly representing the Bonthe region. By 1950, he was in charge of the Sierra Leone Organization Society. In 1951, <mask> founded the nationalist Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) with Siaka Stevens, which won the 1951 election to the Legislative Council. After heading the departments of Health, Agriculture, and Forestry, <mask> was elected chief minister in 1954.Although the SLPP won elections again in 1957, the following year

masks: Margai Margai Margai Margai Margai Margai Margai


texts:
 <mask>'s leadership of the party was challenged by his younger brother, Albert, but even though he narrowly won the internal party election, he declined the leadership of the party, and left to form the opposition People's National Party, rejoining his brother in a coalition government in 1960. Path to independence

Though <mask> was pro-British and conservative in his political views, he felt that Sierra Leone would fare better as a self-determined state. In 1951, <mask> oversaw the drafting of a new constitution which triggered the process of decolonisation. In 1953 Sierra Leone was granted local ministerial powers and <mask> was made Chief Minister. The new constitution ensured Sierra Leone a parliamentary system within the Commonwealth of Nations and was formally adopted in 1958. <mask> led the Sierra Leonean delegation at the constitutional conferences that were held with British Colonial Secretary Iain Macleod in London in 1960. On 27 April 1961, <mask> led Sierra Leone to independence from the United Kingdom.The nation held its first general elections on 27 May 1962 and <mask> was elected Sierra Leone's first Prime Minister by a landslide. His party, the Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) won majority of seat in parliament. <mask> then sought to heal divides between Sierra Leone's ethnic groups, as several northern ethnic groups felt underrepresented in the SLPP. To ameliorate their concerns, <mask> appointed several elites from northern ethnic groups to key ministerial positions. However, this did little to lessen poverty in the north, and forced the SLPP to engage in clientelism in order to ease tensions with northern ethnic leaders. Premiership

While <mask> was only Prime Minister for three years, he served as a crucial first figurehead for Sierra Leone at the time of democratization. In large part, <mask> sought to unite the country and build a sense of national identity while becoming a member of the

masks:
Margai
Margai
Margai
Margai
Margai
Milton Margai
Margai
Margai
Margai
Margai
Margai


texts: British Commonwealth.<mask> was critical of colonialism as such, but also sought to give "credit where it was due," saying that if more colonial administators "had been like Beresford-Stooke, Hodson, Wilkinson and Ransford Slater, colonialism would have had a better reputation. However, most simply were not." He also singled out the referendums held by Leslie Probyn as a point of praise. <mask> sought good relations with the British government after independence. He said he felt "genuine respect" from Prime Minister Harold Macmillan and that "the respect was mutual." Margai gained the respect of the country's large illiterate population for his reputation as a skilled explainer. He also garnered support from local chiefs, who wielded significant social power at the time, because they respected the work he had done to achieve independence for the country.However, <mask> faced criticism for suppressing the political activities of the All People's Congress (APC), Sierra Leone's opposition political party. <mask> focused heavily on modernization, particularly in the areas of education, health, and agriculture. <mask> allowed local councils and governments to spearhead many improvement projects, but they were ultimately accountable to the central government, and <mask> sometimes withheld funding from councils controlled by the opposition party. When <mask> became Prime Minister, he left control of the Sierra Leonean national army in the hands of the British. Slowly, <mask> gave more control of the army over to Sierra Leoneans, and by 1964, the army was fairly ethnically heterogenous, with 26% of officers being Mende, 12% Temne, and 64% other groups. Once <mask> died, however, his brother Sir <mask> took power and sought to make the army homogeneously Mende. <mask> struggled to handle issues of illegal immigration of the Fula people from Guinea.In 1962, his government rounded up several "strangers" under the assumption that

masks:
Margai
Margai
Margai
Margai
Margai
Margai
Margai
Margai
Margai
Albert Margai
Margai


texts:
 they were illegal immigrants from Guinea, but released them upon learning they were local chiefs. Legacy

Today, Sierra Leoneans regard Sir <mask> as a man of honesty and high principle, and look back to his time in office as a period of prosperity and social harmony. In 1964, Sierra Leone released ½, 1, 5, 10 and 20 cent coins, all of which featured portraits of <mask>. Sir <mask> School for the Blind

In 1961 Margai appealed for funding to build a school for the blind in Freetown. In 1962, he set the foundation stone for the building at Wilkinson Road. The school motto is: "We cannot see but we will conquer". In 2006, the school was the subject of a three-part documentary on BBC News.The Milton Margai School for the Blind Choir has toured the UK twice in 2003 and 2006. Milton Margai College of Education and Technology

In 1963, the Milton Margai College of Education and Technology was established. The first incarnation of the school was the Milton Margai Teacher's College but as the school grew and the curriculum expanded the name was changed to the Milton Margai College of Education. In 2000, the school merged with the Freetown Technical Institute. See also

Sierra Leone People's Party
Sir Albert Margai
Charles Margai
List of Durham University people

References

External links
Sir Milton Margai School for the Blind
Sierra Connection

1895 births
1964 deaths
Fourah Bay College alumni
Knights Bachelor
Sherbro people
Evangelical United Brethren Church
Sierra Leonean knights
Sierra Leonean Methodists
Members of the Legislative Council of Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone People's Party politicians
Alumni of Durham University College of Medicine
Prime Ministers of Sierra Leone
Mende people
Margai family (Sierra Leone)
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
20th-century Sierra Leonean physicians
People from Moyamba District
Agriculture ministers of Sierra Leone
Forestry ministers of Sierra Leone
Health ministers

masks:
Milton Margai
Margai
Milton Margai


texts:
<mask> (ca. 1500 – March 16, 1558) was a Saxon humanist and friend of Erasmus. A gifted philologist, Cornarius specialized in editing and translating Greek and Latin medical writers with "prodigious industry," taking a particular interest in botanical pharmacology and the effects of environment on illness and the body. Early in his career, Cornarius also worked with Greek poetry, and later in his life Greek philosophy; he was, in the words of Friedrich August Wolf, "a great lover of the Greeks." Patristic texts of the 4th century were another of his interests. Some of his own writing is extant, including a book on the causes of plague and a collection of lectures for medical students. Life and career
Details of the life of Cornarius are taken in large part from the Latin biography by Melchior Adam in Vitae Germanorum medicorum ("Lives of German Physicians," 1620).Cornarius was born Johann or Johannes Hainpol, the son of a shoemaker, but adopted his fashionably Latinized name by the time he reached age 20. The toponymic Zuiccaulensis ("of Zwickau") is sometimes added. His name may appear as Giovanni Cornario in Italian, Jano Cornario in Spanish, Jean Cornario in French, and <mask> Kornar in German. Cornarius began his education at the Latin school in his native Zwickau. He studied with Petrus Mosellanus at Leipzig, matriculating in 1517 and earning a bachelor of arts degree in 1518. He enrolled at the University of Wittenberg in 1519, where he earned a master's degree (1521) and a license in

masks:
Janus Cornarius
Janus


texts:
 medicine (1523). He thus would have been at Wittenberg when the Zwickau Prophets, an anti-authoritarian Anabaptist movement from his place of birth, attempted to seize power in 1521.They were successfully opposed and rendered ineffective by Martin Luther in 1522. That <mask> condemned the Anabaptists is clear from his later book on plague, in which he argued that a particular epidemic in Westphalia was sent as punishment from God for their heretical activities. After experiencing these political and spiritual upheavals, <mask> set out on a "soul-searching journey" around Europe, visiting Livonia, Sweden, Denmark, England, and France. While he was looking for work, he settled for a time in Basel, where he gave lectures on Greek medicine at the University of Basel. There he began his efforts to restore the study of the Greeks, whose works, he believed, had been neglected during the Middle Ages in favor of Arab medical authorities. In 1527–28, he was a physician to Prince Henry of Mecklenburg. Returning to Zwickau in 1530, he established a medical practice and married the first of his two wives; she died not long after.With his second wife, he had four sons. For the remainder of his life he was a physician and professor of medicine as well as a prolific editor and translator. Intellectual milieu

<mask> came to know the great humanist Desiderius Erasmus while living in Basel, and was encouraged by him to persist with his work in translating Greek texts into Latin; at the time, ancient Greek

masks: Cornarius Cornarius Cornarius


texts: was little known, but Latin was still in living use as an international language among scholars for  such purposes as letter-writing, informational or philosophical essays, and even some literary compositions. Erasmus wrote to him around the time <mask> was resettling in Zwickau, addressing him as ornatissime Cornari ("oh-so-refined Cornarius"). Of his translation of Hippocrates, Erasmus effused, "The genius is there; the erudition is there, the vigorous body and vital spirit are there; in sum, nothing is missing that was required for this assignment, confronted happily, it would seem, despite its difficulty." The junior philologist was so pleased by Erasmus's many compliments in this letter that sixteen years later he proudly quoted from it in the introduction to his Latin version of Hippocrates. At the same time, his intellectual independence is indicated by his willingness to set aside the translations of Basil and Galen made by Erasmus in favor of his own.His work as a philologist was not merely academic or text-oriented, but animated by a commitment to teaching. Melchior Adam wrote that Cornarius "tried to render the Greek physicians into Latin with a translation that was not vague and confusing, but lucid and fully articulated." His goal, as <mask> himself stated in his commentary on Dioscorides’ De materia medica, was first to read and hear the author in Greek, and then through translation to enable his medical students to hear and read him in Latin. A scholar of Byzantine studies

masks: Cornarius Cornarius


texts:
 took a more dismissive view of Cornarius as one of the "Renaissance humanists, fully confident that dissemination of a revered classical text would better mankind’s lot," motivated by "a contempt … for the brutish peasant and his slovenly practices." Like the physician and botanist Leonhart Fuchs, Cornarius devoted himself to reviving and perpetuating the classical tradition, seeking to restore both the texts and practice of Greek medicine, which they felt had been eclipsed during the medieval era by Avicennism; Cornarius did not, however, reject the study of Arabic texts and seems to have known the language. While Fuchs approached Galen’s work on medicinal plants as a methodology, <mask>, grounded in philology, believed Dioscorides’ knowledge of plants resided in accurately capturing the original author’s voice and words, and the two engaged in a vigorous intellectual debate over the value of illustrations in books. With his sometime collaborator Andrea Alciati, Cornarius treated the emblema or image as a verbal construct, and in his index to Dioscorides refers to his own verbal description of a plant as a pictura.In his commentary, <mask> insisted that pictures were of no benefit to readers who had never seen a particular plant vivam et naturalem ("alive and in nature"), arguing that the static quality of an illustration was misleading, since plants change according to their environment. Thus he stated:

Works
The majority of Cornarius's books were published through the printing house of


texts: Hieronymus Froben and Nicolaus Episcopius. For a thorough overview (in French), see Brigitte Mondrain, "Éditer et traduire les médecins grecs au XVIe siècle: L'exemple de Janus Cornarius," in Les voies de la science grecque: Études sur la transmission des textes de l'Antiquité au dix-neuvième siècle, edited by Danielle Jacquart (Paris 1997), pp. 391–417. <mask>'s complete works were listed on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum, an index of books prohibited by the Roman Catholic Church promulgated the year after his death. As in the case of several other northern Protestant scholars, general content or scientific controversy was less at issue than religious conviction. Writing that could be regarded as anti-Catholic was held to contaminate other works that might be in and of themselves unobjectionable.Works are listed below in chronological order of publication, except that editions and translations from the same author are grouped. Universae rei medicae  ("Comprehensive Reference on the Subject of Medicine," Basel 1529), with a dedication to the citizens of Zwickau for their support during his seven years of study, also known as Epigraphe universae medicinae ("Comprehensive Reference on Medicine," Basel 1534), probably intended as the sort of CliffsNotes for medical students that Girolamo Mercuriale disdained. Hippocrates. / Hippocratis Coi De aëre, aquis, & locis libellus. Eiusdem de flatibus ("Treatise by Hippocrates of Cos on Airs, Waters and Places, and also Winds"; Basel 1529), Greek


texts: text and Latin translation;  / Hippocratis Coi medici vetustissimi … libri omnes, ("Complete Works of Hippocrates of Cos, Most Ancient of Physicians," Basel 1538); Hippocratis Coi … Opera quae ad nos extant omnia ("The Extant Works of Hippocrates of Cos," Basel 1546), Latin translation. De salubri diaeta incerti auctoris liber Hippocrati quondam falso adscriptus ("A book of unknown authorship, at one time falsely ascribed to Hippocrates, on a healthy diet") was translated by <mask> and reprinted in the Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum (Geneva 1591), pp. 403–410.The transmission of the Hippocratic Corpus is vexed and problematic; <mask> contributed, albeit with limited success, to 16th-century efforts to "bring order to the chaos." Dioscorides. ("The Diosorides of Janos Cornarios") / Pedacii Dioscoridis de materia medica libri sex ("Six Books by Pedacius Dioscorides on Pharmacology," Basel 1529), Greek edition. His Latin translation was published in 1557 as Pedacii Dioscoridae Anazarbensis De materia medica libri V ("The Five Books on Pharmacology by Pedacius Dioscorides of Anazarbus"), with <mask>'s emblema inserted into each chapter (singulis capitibus adiecta). The volume also contained his translation of Dioscorides' De bestiis venenum eiaculentibus, et letalibus medicamentis Libri II ("Two Books on Beasts that Produce Venom and on Potentially Fatal Drugs"). Selecta Epigrammata Graeca Latine, ex Septem Epigrammatum Graecorum Libris ("Selected Greek Epigrams, Translated into Latin, from


texts: Seven Books of Greek Epigrams," Basel 1529), a compilation with Alciati, who was "not entirely happy" with the work of his collaborator. The collection, taken from the Greek Anthology, ranges from early classical love poems and gnomic verses to later Hellenistic invective.The translations and some freer imitations were by eminent Latinists of the day, including Ottmar Luscinius, Thomas More, William Lilye, Erasmus, Johannes Sleidanus, and Caspar Ursinus Velius. The collection served as a source for the translations or imitations of a number of poets, among them George Turbervile (in English) and Diego Hurtado de Mendoza (in Spanish). Parthenius. De amatoriis affectionibus liber ("Book on Erotic Feelings," Basel 1531); the copy that the 16th-century French poet Ronsard owned survives with the poet’s signature. <mask>'s publication of this translation coincides with the period of mourning for his first wife, who died soon after they were married. Aëtius Amidenus. Aëtii Amideni quem alii Antiochenum vocant medici clarissimi libri XVI, in tres tomos divisi ("Sixteen Books by Aëtius Amidenus, Whom Some Call the Most Distinguished Physician of Antioch, in Three Volumes"), vols.1 and 3 translated into Latin by the physician Johannes Baptista Montanus of Verona (Basel 1535) and vol. 2 by <mask>, De cognoscendis et curandis morbis sermones sex ("Six Lectures on Diagnosing and Treating Diseases," Basel 1533), along with a treatise on weights and measures by Paul of Aegina; Libri universales quatuor


texts:
 ("Four Books Unabridged," often known by its Greek name Tetrabiblos, Basel 1542), Latin translation. Only nine of the books of Aetius are extant in Greek, and <mask>'s translation is the sole source for the full sixteen. "De significationibus stellarum ex sermone III Tetrabibli Aetij Amideni caput CLXIV, interprete Cornario" ("Chapter 164, on Interpretational Techniques pertaining to Stars, from the Third Lecture of the Tetrabiblos of Aetius Amidenus as Translated by Cornarius," was reprinted in the  Vranologion (Uranology, or "The Study of the Heavens") of Denis Pétau (Paris 1630). See also The Gynaecology and Obstetrics of the VIth century A.D., translated from the 1542 Latin edition of Cornarius and annotated by James V. Ricci (Philadelphia 1950). Aetii Medici Graeci Contractae ex Veteribus Medicinae Sermones XVI . Gryphius, Venetiis 1549 Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
Marcellus Empiricus.De medicamentis liber ("The Book on Drugs," Basel 1536), editio princeps of the Latin text. <mask> worked from a manuscript written in the mid-9th century that was superior to the one used for the Teubner edition of 1889 but which was thought to have been lost; it was rediscovered in 1913 and used for the 1916 edition of Marcellus published in Teubner's Corpus Medicorum Latinorum series. Referred to as the Codex Parisinus, it contains <mask>'s corrections and marginal notes. Galen. De compositione pharmacorum localium … libri decem ("Ten Books on the Formulation of


texts: Site-specific Drugs," Basel 1537), Latin translation with commentary; Opera quae ad nos extant omnia … in latinam linguam conversa ("The Extant Works of Galen, Translated into the Latin Language," Basel 1549). Also of some interest are the marginalia that <mask> wrote in his personal copy of Galen’s "De constitutione artis medicae" ("On the Foundations of Medical Practice"), the first widely available Greek text of the work, published at Aldine Press in 1525. The notes of Cornarius were published "not entirely accurately" by G. Gruner, Coniecturae et emendationes Galenicae (Jena 1789); the book itself is held by the library of the University of Jena.Geoponica, a Byzantine agricultural treatise, with Greek text edited by Andrés Laguna, usually catalogued as Constantini Caesaris [Cassii Dionysii Uticensis] selectarum praeceptionum de agricultura libri uiginti ("Twenty Books Selected from the 'Principles of Agriculture' of Constantinus Caesar," Basel or Venice 1538), the first complete translation into Latin of a compilation made by an anonymous author for Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus but sometimes identified with the work on agriculture by Cassius Dionysius of Utica. The preface of Cornarius is reprinted in the edition of J.N. Niclas, Geoponicorum siue de re rustica libri XX (Leipzig 1781), vol. 1, p. LXXVI ff. Artemidorus. Oneirokritika ("Dream Analysis"), published as De somniorum interpretatione, Libri quinque ("Five Books on the Interpretation of Dreams," 1539), Latin translation.


texts: Basil.Omnia D. Basilii Magni archiepiscopi Caesareae Cappadociae, quae extant, Opera ("Complete Extant Works of D. Basilius the Great, Archbishop of Caesara, Cappadocia," Basel 1540), Latin translation. / Divi Basilii Magni Opera Graeca quae ad nos extant omnia ("The Complete Works of the Divine Basil the Great That Survive to Our Day, in Greek," Basel 1551), Greek edition. Epiphanius of Salamis. D. Epiphanii Epistola sive liber Ancoratus appellatus, docens de vera fide Christiana ("The Letter of Decimus Epiphanius, also called the Book of the Anchor, teaching the true Christian faith"), with the Anacephaleosis, sive summa totius operis Panarij appellati, & contra octoaginta haereses conscripti ("the Anacephaleosis, or Summation, of the whole work called the Panarium, written to refute 80 heresies"), Libellus de mensuris ac ponderibus, & de asterisco ac obelo, deque notis ac characteribus in divinae scripturae interpretibus, per Origenem usurpatis ("a shorter book on measures and weights, and on the asterisk and obelus, and on notations and characters in translations of Holy Scripture, as put into use by Origen," Basel 1543), all in their first Latin translation. The work is usually referred to in English as the Panarion. Cornarius's edition is also catalogued as Contra octoaginta haereses opus, Panarium, sive Arcula, aut Capsula Medica appellatum, continens libros tres ("A Work Refuting 80 Heresies, Called the Bread-Basket, or the Storage-Box, or the Medical Bag, Containing Three Books").


texts:
 John Chrysostom.De episcopalis ac sacerdotalis muneris praestantia, Ioannis Chrysostomi, Episcopi Constantinopolitani cum Basilio Magno dissertatio ("A distinguished discourse on the service of bishops and priests by John Chrysostom, Bishop of Constantinople with Basil the Great," Basel 1544), Latin translation. Adamantius. Paul of Aegina. Totius rei medicae libri VII ("Seven Comprehensive Books on the Subject of Medicine," Basel 1556), Latin translation. Plato. Opera omnia ("Complete Works," Basel 1561), also catalogued as Platonis Atheniensis, philosophi summi ac penitus divini opera (in latinam vertit Cornario) ("The Works of Plato the Athenian, Greatest and Deeply Inspired Philosopher, Translated into Latin by Conarius"), published posthumously. Selected bibliography
 Allen, P.S.Opus Epistolarum Des. Erasmi Roterodami. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1934. Letter by Erasmus (in Latin) to Cornarius, vol. 8 (1529–1530), pp. 250–251, with commentary in English. Bietenholz, Peter G., and Thomas B. Deutscher.Contemporaries of Erasmus: A Biographical Register of the Renaissance and Reformation. University of Toronto Press, 2003. Entry on Cornarius, vol. 1, pp. 339–340. Hieronymus, Frank. "Griechischer Geist aus Basler Pressen."Search (Wortsuche) Cornarius for links to discussion  (in German) of individual works published at Basel, with sample pages of the books in digital facsimile (retrieved July 6, 2008). Kusukawa, Sachiko. "Leonhart Fuchs on the Importance of Pictures." Journal of the History of


texts:
 Ideas 58 (1997) 403–427. On the intellectual debate between Fuchs and Cornarius, pp. 423–426. Summa Gallicana."<mask> Janus — Haynpol Johann." Discussion in Italian, with the Latin text of Melchior Adam’s Vita'' (retrieved June 21, 2008). References

1500 births
1558 deaths
16th-century Latin-language writers
German classical philologists
German Renaissance humanists
Greek–Latin


texts:
<mask> (born 4 April 1967) is a Northern Irish video game developer and programmer. He became prominent for programming platform games for 16-bit home consoles in the early to mid 1990s, including Disney's Aladdin, Cool Spot, and Earthworm Jim. He founded Shiny Entertainment, where he worked from 1993 to 2006. <mask> created games for companies such as Disney, 7 Up, McDonald's, Hemdale, and Warner Bros. In 2008 he was presented with an honorary doctorate from Queen's University Belfast for his services to computer gaming. He was the co-founder & CEO of cloud-based games service Gaikai, which was acquired by Sony Computer Entertainment. In 2017 <mask> became the co-founder & CEO of a customer intelligence startup called GoVYRL, Inc. developing a new advanced brand dashboard called Carro.Biography

<mask> was born in April 1967 in Lisburn, Northern Ireland, growing up in the towns of Templepatrick and Donegore in County Antrim, attending Templepatrick Primary School and then Methodist College Belfast. He began writing computer game programming books in 1982 at the age of 15, creating his own games for the Sinclair ZX81. In an interview with the BBC, <mask> stated that his first game was a driving game, "a black blob avoiding other black blobs", which he wrote and sent to a magazine, which printed it. He sent them more games and they sent him a cheque for £450: a bit of a problem for a teenager who did not yet have a bank account. His work continued until he was offered a job for £3,500/year as an apprentice to a veteran programmer who taught him more advanced programming. At the age of 17, he moved to London, where he developed games with Mikro-Gen and Probe Software for publishers such as Elite Systems and Mirrorsoft, working on titles such as the ZX Spectrum conversion of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles for NES and the Sega Genesis version of The Terminator. In 1991, he moved to the United States to work for the American division of Virgin Games, usually known as Virgin Games USA.While in there, he led the development duties for several award-winning games for the Genesis, including

masks:
David Perry
Perry
Perry
Perry
Perry


texts: Global Gladiators, Cool Spot, and Aladdin. His work within Virgin Games USA also served as a basis for the development of other games such as the Sega CD version of The Terminator and the Genesis versions of RoboCop Versus The Terminator and Walt Disney's The Jungle Book, all of them developed after <mask> had left the studio. On 1 October 1993, <mask> formed his own company in Laguna Beach, California, Shiny Entertainment, naming the company after the song "Shiny Happy People" by R.E.M. The company's first game Earthworm Jim was a hit, selling millions of copies on multiple platforms, including Sega Genesis, Super NES and PC. The title character, an "average worm" who stumbles upon a space suit which turns him into a superhero, became immensely popular, and spawned a variety of other types of merchandise: action figures, comic books, and a syndicated television cartoon series. Listing <mask> in their "75 Most Important People in the Games Industry of 1995", Next Generation argued that his success had as much to do with his exceptional knack for public relations as his talent as a developer: "<mask> often seems to benefit and suffer from a game press who seemingly can't hype him or his products enough. Is all the hype justified?Well, probably not. But that's not the point, the fact is that the press and gamers love him. Next Generations opinion as to <mask>'s PR secrets? Always return phone calls, don't make promises you can't keep, and show a genuine interest in whomever you're talking to. Sounds easy? So how come hardly any actual PR people (let alone presidents and lead programmers) in the industry do the same?" In 2002, Shiny Entertainment was acquired by Atari, Inc. for US$47 million, with <mask> signed to a long-term contract to continue on as president.Also in 2002, <mask> collaborated with The Wachowskis on games in coordination with their Matrix series of movies. In 2006, he resigned from Shiny, and  formed GameConsultants.com, a consultancy firm planning to offer executive level video game industry advice, followed by GameInvestors.com, a business-to-business company

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David Perry
Perry
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 to help video game development teams get funded. He recounted, "I was working on a new game design for Infogrames (Atari) called Plague and was incredibly excited about it. Atari called and told me they had run out of money and so I offered to find a buyer for my team, they said they’d handle it and I moved on. The first phone call I had after leaving was with the Collective and they ended up buying Shiny." <mask> is on the advisory board for the Game Developers Conference, and has spoken at industry venues such as E3, CES, Hollywood and Games, Digital Hollywood, iHollywood, SIGGRAPH, Entertainment in the Interactive Age, What Teens Want, The Banff Summit, as well as at major universities such as USC, and MIT. In 2006, he co-hosted the annual Game Developers Choice Awards with Tommy Tallarico.In November 2008, <mask> co-founded Gaikai in the Netherlands, a company that released game streaming technology in late 2009. In January 2016, <mask> confirmed that he and Michael Jackson had been discussing making a video game together prior to the singer's death. In July 2012 Gaikai was sold to Sony Computer Entertainment for $380 million. In July 2017 <mask> left Gaikai, joining startup GoVYRL, Inc. to build new technology for brands to work with influencers; the technology is called Carro. GoVYRL, Inc. has seed investments from entities including The Cove Fund, Brendan Iribe and Alpha Edison. Games

Books
 <mask> on Game Design. Delmar, 2009.References

Further reading

 Smart computing, "The Emerald Isle’s ‘Shiny,’ Happy Game Developer", October 2000
 Gamedev.net Interview
 Eurogamer.net Interview
 Disposable Media Interview, part 1
 Disposable Media Interview, part 2
 Queens Honorary Doctorate Press Release

External links

 <mask>
 Perry is the CEO of GoVYRL, Inc. - Creator of TheInfluencerNews
 Perry's Personal Photography Site

1967 births
Living people
British video game designers
Inventors from Northern Ireland
People from Newport Beach, California
People from Lisburn
People educated at Methodist College Belfast
Video game developers
21st-century British

masks:
Perry
Perry
Perry
Perry
David Perry
Perryo


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<mask> (c. 1710 – 1783) was the first recorded chief of the Alachua band of the Seminole tribe. European-Americans called him Cowkeeper, as he held a very large herd of cattle. Names

Ahaya
The chief of the Alachua band of Seminoles was usually called "Cowkeeper" by the British while they ruled East Florida. William Bartram, who visited the Alachua Seminoles and has provided much of what we know about the man, refers to him only as "the Cowkeeper". John Richard Alden, in his 1944 book John Stuart and the southern frontier, gives Cowkeeper's Oconee name as "Ahaya". ("Ahaya" is a rare Seminole name.) Mark Boyd also states that the leader of the Alachua Seminoles was known to the English as "Ahaya" or "Cowkeeper".Some sources state that the Oconees moved to Florida under a chief named "Secoffee", and that it was Secoffee who was called "Cowkeeper". Kenneth Porter argues that Cowkeeper and Secoffee were different people, and finds "nothing to support the claim [that Cowkeeper was Secoffee] and much to disprove it". Alachua
The name "Alachua" derives from la Chua, the name of the largest ranch in 17th century Spanish Florida. The center of the hacienda de la Chua was located on a bluff overlooking a sinkhole, now called the "Alachua Sink", that drains Paynes Prairie. There is evidence that the Timucua word for "sinkhole" was , meaning that the ranch was named after the sinkhole. The Spanish called a large area in the interior of Florida west of the St. Johns River, tierras de la Chua. English-speakers who ventured into interior Florida called the area "the Alachua Country".Seminole
The name "Seminole" likely is derived from the Spanish , meaning "wild or untamed", as opposed to the christianized natives who had previously lived in the


texts:
 mission villages of Spanish Florida. Some of the Hitchiti- or Mikasukee-speakers who had settled in Florida identified themselves to the British as "cimallon" (Muskogean languages have no "r" sound, replacing it with "l"). The British wrote the name as "Semallone", later "Seminole". The use of "cimallon" by bands in Florida to describe themselves may have been intended to distinguish themselves from the primarily Muskogee-speakers of the Upper Towns of the Muscogee Confederacy (called the "Creek Confederacy" by the British). The term "Seminole" was first applied to Ahaya's band in Alachua. After 1763, when they took over Florida from the Spanish, the British called all natives living in Florida "Seminoles", "Creeks", or "Seminole-Creeks". While the name "Seminole" was commonly applied by whites to all Native Americans in Florida, even as late as 1842, at the end of the Second Seminole War, US Army officers referred to various bands in Florida as Seminoles, Mikasukis, Tallahassees, Creeks, and Uchees, with "Seminoles" or "Alachua Seminoles" often referring only to the people who had lived around the Alachua Prairie prior to 1813, and owed allegiance to Ahaya and his successors, King Payne, Bolek (Bowlegs) and Micanopy.Early life
Ahaya was born to the Hitchiti-speaking Oconee, who lived in a town at a site now called "Oconee Old Town", on the Oconee River, in what is now central Georgia. In the late 1720s the Oconee people moved to the Chattahoochee River, among the Hitchiti- and Mikasuki-speaking Lower Towns of the Muscogee Confederacy. The Oconee move has been attributed to a desire by the Oconees to distance themselves from whites encroaching on their town and hunting grounds. After the decimation of the Apalachee and Timucua


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 people and the collapse of the Spanish mission network in Florida at the beginning of the 18th century, many peoples of what is now the state of Georgia, including the Oconees, used Florida as a vast hunting ground. Ahaya may have become familiar with the lands surrounding the Alachua Savanna (now known as Paynes Prairie) on hunting trips into Florida. In 1740, James Oglethorpe, the governor of the Province of Georgia, mounted an invasion into Spanish Florida, laying siege to its capitol, St. Augustine. Ahaya, who had become chief of his town, led 45 men to join the siege.After their defeat in the Yamasee War (1715–1718) against the Province of Carolina, many of the Yamasee people moved to Florida and settled in the vicinity of St. Augustine. The Spanish government tried to entice peoples from the Lower Towns of the Creek Confederacy to move to unoccupied lands in Florida, but were unable to supply enough gifts to satisfy them. The bands of the Lower Towns found the gifts and trade goods of the British to be much more desirable than those of the Spanish, and many continued to join the British in raids into Spanish Florida. In Florida
The Oconee became unhappy living among the Lower Towns of the Creek Confederacy, perhaps because too many close, sometimes hostile, neighboring towns made it hard to find fresh agricultural land when it became necessary to relocate to new fields. About the year 1750, <mask> led his people south to Florida, intending to settle somewhere near the Atlantic coast. The Oconee's migration reached the country around the Alachua Savanna, or Paynes Prairie, where they stopped. The area around Paynes Prairie is part of the Middle Florida Hammock Belt, a series of mixed hardword and pine hammocks with the best


texts: soils in central Florida.The Oconee found abundant game and fish in the area, as well as many feral cattle and horses, descendants of the herds on Spanish ranches which had been abandoned early in the 18th century. The herds the Oconee gathered from those feral cattle led the British to call Ahaya "Cowkeeper." The Oconee established a town, called "Alachua", "Latchaway" or "Latchewie", on the edge of the savanna or prairie. The new town of Alachua soon was one of the three largest established in Florida by people from the Muscogee Confederation. The Oconees in Alachua were joined by Hitchiti-speakers from the towns of Sawokli, Tomathli, Apalachicola, Hitchiti and Chiaha. The various Muskogean-speaking bands, who were coming to be known as Seminoles, continued to harass the Spanish, pushing them back into St. Augustine and San Marcos (on the Gulf coast south of the old Apalachee Province). Ahaya and his band fought the Yamasees and remnants of the Timucua, who were allied with the Spanish.A Seminole tradition held that the Seminoles had killed most of the Yamasee men in a battle near the St. Johns River and married their women. The Alachua Seminoles still owned many Yamasee slaves when Bartram visited them in 1773. In 1757, <mask> visited the Governor of the Province of Georgia and expressed his hatred both for the Spanish and for any Indian tribes allied with them. He explained that he had had a vision that he would not find peace in the afterlife unless he killed 100 Spaniards. The smell of decaying fish and swarms of mosquitoes drove the Alachua Seminoles to abandon their original town site, and move to a new town, called "Cuscowilla", a couple of miles from the Alachua Savanna. A town named "Lockway" was reported to be on the edge


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 of a savanna (presumably the Alachua Savanna) in 1767. This may have been the original site of the town.Relations with British
In 1763, when Spain ceded Florida to the British following the Seven Years' War, in exchange for territory west of the Mississippi River, Ahaya was overjoyed. Ahaya traveled to St. Augustine in 1764 to meet with John Stuart, Indian Superintendent of the Southern Department of British North America. The new governor of East Florida, James Grant, convened a conference with towns of the Muscogee Confederation in 1765 at Picolata, near St. Augustine, resulting in the Treaty of Picolata. Representatives of 30 towns in the Muscogee Confederation attended the conference, with Cuscowilla and Apalachee Old Field (Tallahassee) being the only towns in East Florida represented. The British believed that the Lower Towns of the Muscogee Confederation controlled the land and people of Florida. The Treaty of Picolata ceded  in Florida to the British. Cowkeeper was not present for the conference at Picolata, and Weoffke signed the treaty for Cuscowilla.<mask> reportedly missed the conference because of family illness, but he may have been separating himself from the Muscogee Confederation. The British gave medals, two great and four small, to some of the chiefs at the conference, in proportion to their importance. In late December 1765, <mask> traveled to St. Augustine with 60 of his people, and stayed there for eight days. <mask> received a great medal and other gifts and provisions from the British. Governor Grant was impressed with <mask>'s intelligence, and reported that he and <mask> had "parted on the best terms." In 1767, two British traders were killed when they tried to interfere with Seminoles who were stealing

masks: Ahaya Ahaya Ahaya Ahaya Ahaya


texts: cattle. The British called a conference to deal with the killings.The British wanted to maintain good relations with the Seminoles. Philoke, from Ahaya's town of Cuscowilla, who was the father of two of the Seminoles involved in the killing, was given a great medal by the British. In the early 1770s, Jonathan Bryan of Georgia hatched a scheme to acquire a large area of land in Florida. Bryan persuaded chiefs of the Lower Towns of the Muscogee Confederation to cede lands in Florida, including the area around the Alachua Savanna, to him. Ahaya was shocked when the bold man traveled as far south as Payne's Prairie to carve his name into a red oak tree, but his allies quickly intervened. Governor James Wright of Georgia informed the Lower Town Muscogee of Bryan's trickery, and Governor Patrick Tonyn of Florida issued an arrest warrant for him. The British felt it necessary to ask Ahaya and other chiefs in Florida if they intended to go to war over the issue.Bryan backed down, saying that he had not purchased a large amount of land, but had merely leased grazing rights to a small area. According to the Indian Superintendent John Stuart, Ahaya was no longer connected with the Muscogee Confederation by 1774. At the beginning of the American Revolution, the Muscogee towns (the "Upper Creeks") supported the British, while the Hitchiti- and Mikasuki-speaking towns, and other non-Muscogean-speaking groups (the "Lower Creeks") mostly gravitated to the emerging United States and to Spain. One exception was the Alachua Seminoles under Ahaya, by then the largest "Seminole" village in Florida, who remained loyal to the British. Ahaya always responded when called on by Governor Tonyn to help repel rebel invasions from Georgia, which were often led by


texts:
 the same Jonathan Bryan who had tried to grab the Alachua Seminole's land. In 1783, when the British ceded Florida back to Spain following defeat in the American Revolutionary War, Ahaya asked the British to take him with them. He also told the British that he would kill any Spaniard that entered his territory.After Ahaya's death in 1784, relations between the Seminoles and the Spanish improved. Cuscowilla
In 1774, the naturalist William Bartram of Philadelphia traveled to Cuscowilla in the company of traders who had established a store there. Ahaya welcomed Bartam, called him Puc Puggee, or "the flower hunter," and gave him free rein to explore his lands. Ahaya's people served Bartram a sweet "thin drink", and a jelly made from the roots of a local Smilax, related to sarsaparilla, and sweetened with honey. The Alachua Seminoles also consumed beef, and some pork and wild game. Cuscowilla had about thirty wood frame dwelling houses arranged around a town square, with a council house in the middle of the square. Several hundred people lived in the town, with others in outlying villages.Each house had a garden, growing maize, beans and squash. Common fields stretched  from the town to the edge of the Alachua Savanna. They gathered coontie and wild potato. Bartram reported that Ahaya was waited on by Yamasee slaves. The Yamasee slaves at Cuscowilla spoke Spanish and wore Spanish-style crucifixes, indicating that they may have been previously resident at a Spanish mission village. According to Bartram, the Yamasee slaves were fairly well treated. Notes

References

Sources

1710 births
1783 deaths
People of Spanish Florida
Native Americans in the American Revolution
Native American leaders
Native American people of the Indian


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<mask> (born August 7, 1962) is a former NASA astronaut and American engineer. <mask> was assigned to the crew of Space Shuttle mission STS-128. He also served as chief of the Materials and Processes branch of Johnson Space Center. <mask> previously developed equipment for full-field digital mammography at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. <mask> left NASA in 2011. In October 2011, <mask>, at the urging of President Barack Obama, ran for Congress as a Democrat in California's newly redrawn 10th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives. He won the Democratic nomination, but lost the 2012 general election to freshman incumbent Representative Jeff Denham.Early life and education
<mask> was born in French Camp, California, but calls Stockton, California, his hometown. His family is from La Piedad, Michoacán, Mexico, with indigenous Purépecha roots. In an August 25, 2009, conversation with President Felipe Calderón of Mexico, <mask> stated that as a child, he lived half the year in La Piedad and half in the United States. As a child, <mask> worked alongside his family and other farmworkers throughout the fields of California, harvesting crops and moving from one town to another. He attended many schools and didn't learn to speak English until he was 12. His first memory of space is about adjusting the television in order to watch the Apollo 17 mission in 1972. <mask> participated in Upward Bound during high school, a Federal TRIO program that prepares students for college.He graduated from Franklin High School in Stockton. While in college, he was involved in the Mathematics, Engineering, Science Achievement (MESA) program, an academic preparation program that provides support to students from educationally disadvantaged backgrounds so they can attain four-year degrees in science, technology, engineering or math (STEM) fields. He earned a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of the Pacific in 1984. In 1986, <mask> earned an M.S. in electrical and computer engineering from the University of California, Santa Barbara. Engineering career
<mask> worked from 1990 to 2004 at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in Livermore, California.While there, <mask>, along with a commercial colleague, developed

masks:
José Moreno Hernández
Hernández
Hernández
Hernández
Hernández
Hernández
Hernández
Hernández
José Hernández
Hernández
Hernández
Hernández


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 the first full-field digital mammography imaging system. This invention aids in the early detection of breast cancer. NASA career

In 2001, <mask> joined the Johnson Space Center, in Houston, Texas. After three years and being turned down eleven times for astronaut training by NASA, <mask> was selected in May 2004. In February 2006 he completed Astronaut Candidate Training that included scientific and technical briefings, intensive instruction in Shuttle and International Space Station systems, physiological training, T-38 flight training, and water and wilderness survival training. On completing this initial training, <mask> was assigned to the Shuttle Branch to support Kennedy Space Center Operations in support of Shuttle launch and landing preparations. In May 2007, <mask> served as an aquanaut during the NEEMO 12 mission aboard the Aquarius underwater laboratory, living and working underwater for eleven days.<mask> worked various technical assignments until his selection on July 15, 2008, as a mission specialist on the STS-128 mission, which launched on August 28, 2009. While in orbit, <mask> became the first person to use the Spanish language in space while tweeting. The STS-128 mission ended its 14-day journey on September 11, 2009, at Edwards Air Force Base, California, at 5:53 pm PST. Congressional campaign

<mask> told the Stockton Record in the summer of 2009 that he would consider running against fellow Democrat Dennis Cardoza in his Stockton-based district. <mask> announced at Pacific Union College on September 29, 2011, that at the urging of President Barack Obama he was considering a run for the U.S. House of Representatives and would announce his decision on October 11, 2011. He announced his candidacy as promised on October 11 via Twitter by linking to his campaign website. <mask> made his first public campaign appearance on January 14, 2012, at a Democratic Candidate Forum in Tracy at the Holiday Inn Express & Suites.In March 2012, Bell, McAndrews & Hiltachk, a law firm with links to the California Republican Party, sued in Sacramento County Superior Court to block <mask> from describing himself as an "astronaut/scientist/engineer" on the June ballot. The lawsuit stated that "astronaut is not a title one carries

masks: Hernández Hernández Hernández Hernández Hernández Hernández Hernández Hernández Hernández Hernández


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 for life"; the election code requires the description be accurate for the previous calendar year. "Allowing a candidate to use the profession of 'astronaut' when he hasn't served in that profession recently is akin to allowing someone to use a title of 'sailor' when they no longer own or operate a ship," said Jennifer Kerns, a California Republican Party spokeswoman. On March 29, a Sacramento County Superior Court judge ruled that <mask> could be described as an astronaut on the June 5 primary ballot. On the campaign trail, <mask> was criticized for having a 2010 personal tax lien imposed by the IRS and paid in 2012. <mask> attacked his opponent, Denham, for his tax liens imposed against his business in 2003 and paid in 2003. Endorsements
<mask> received the endorsement of Democracy for America, and was selected as one of the Dean Dozen they were supporting in 2012.In November 2012, <mask> lost to the incumbent, Congressman Jeff Denham, in the General Election for California's new 10th District. <mask> finished in the polls with 46 percent of the vote. Fundraising
Most of <mask>'s campaign funds came from outside his district and many donations came from left-wing political action committees and public employee unions. Speaking of his fundraising <mask> said, "there aren't any special interest groups that are going to come back and say I have to vote for something. I don't believe they're going to influence me in making decisions on what's best for my district." <mask> said that he does not think organizations like teachers unions to be special interest groups. Speculation
Since his 2012 loss, <mask> has made multiple public statements regarding potential future campaigns.In March 2016, <mask> said, "I ran for Congress in 2012 but I lost in a close race. Now I'm thinking about making a comeback, maybe in 2018." Political views

Immigration
Hernandez made headlines soon after his return to Earth as a result of comments he made on Mexican television advocating that the United States legalize undocumented immigrants. He does not favor a guest worker program or a secure ID program. Taxes
<mask> supported California's Proposition 30, a ballot measure proposed by Gov. Jerry Brown to increase income taxes on those earning more than

masks: Hernández Hernández Hernández Hernández Hernández Hernández Hernández Hernández Hernández Hernández Hernández Hernández


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 $250,000 and raise the sales tax rate by a quarter-cent for everyone. To balance the federal budget, <mask> says there needs to be a combination of tax increases and budget cuts.Personal life
<mask> is married to his wife, Adela and has five children, Julio, Karina, Vanessa, <mask>ol, and Antonio. For several years, his wife ran a Mexican restaurant just outside the Johnson Space Center gates, called Tierra Luna Grill, which is Spanish for Earth Moon Grill. In 2014, <mask> joined the Board of Directors for the nonprofit humanitarian space agency, SpaceUnited. <mask> owns a 20 acre vineyard near Lodi, California, and in 2021 began bottling wine under the Tierra Luna Cellars label. Awards and honors
<mask> has earned or been awarded:

 Graduate Engineering Minority Fellow (GEM) (1985)
 Hispanic Engineer National Achievement Award, "Outstanding Technical Contribution" (1995)
 Society of Mexican American Engineers and Scientists (MAES) "Medalla de Oro" recipient for professional and community contributions (1999)
 U.S. Department of Energy "Outstanding Performance Commendation" (2000)
 NASA Service Awards (2002, 2003)
 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory "Outstanding Engineer Award" (2001)
 Upward Bound National TRIO Achiever Award (2001)
 Eta Kappa Nu Electrical Engineering Honor Society member and awarded an honorary LL.D. degree from University of California at Santa Barbara (2006). <mask> Middle School, in San Jose, California, is named after him
 University of California, Santa Barbara 2015 Distinguished Alumnus
 United States Hispanic Leadership Institute, 2016 National Hispanic Hero Award

See also

References

External links

 Jose Hernandez Reaching For The Stars!Foundation

 Spacefacts biography of <mask>

1962 births
American electrical engineers
American people of Purépecha descent
American people of Mexican descent
Aquanauts
American astronaut-politicians
California Democrats
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory staff
Living people
People from Stockton, California
University of California, Santa Barbara alumni
University of the Pacific (United States) alumni
NASA civilian astronauts
People from French Camp, California
Engineers from California
Space Shuttle program astronauts
Hispanic and Latino American

masks:
Hernández
Hernández
Maris
Hernández
Hernández
Hernández
José Hernández
José Hernández


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<mask>. (May 12, 1854 – 1936) was a United States Army lieutenant colonel. He was the subject of many articles on military frontier life in Outing Magazine published by his brother Poultney Bigelow and with sketches drawn in the field by the then young and obscure Frederic Remington. The book Frontier Cavalryman is based on his journals and service with the Buffalo Soldiers. He received a Silver Star and a Purple Heart for his actions in Cuba. He was assigned as a superintendent of Yosemite National Park in early 1904 and retired from the Army the following September. He became a teacher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and later an author of several books. He was recalled to active duty in World War I and served in Washington, District of Columbia until 1919.He retired again and died in 1936 at age 81. Early life and family
<mask> Jr. was the eldest of the two sons of the statesman <mask>, Senior and Jane Tunis Poultry born in New York City, New York. He spent much of his early years in France and Germany. At the Mining Academy of Freiberg/Saxony he became a member of the fraternity Montania. He traveled throughout Europe with his parents. He became fluent in the French language as well as having a general understanding of German and Italian. On April 28, 1883 he married Mary Dallam (July 24, 1858 Baltimore, Maryland – about 1941) and they had one son and several daughters of which only one survived him.Their son, Captain Braxton Bigelow was killed in action in 1917 while serving with the British Royal Engineers near Loos. Indian Wars and frontier service

Bigelow was appointed from New York and graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York in 1877. He requested cavalry and was assigned to the 10th U.S. Cavalry but served with the 9th U.S. Cavalry for a time before going back to the 10th. While at the Military Academy Bigelow met Henry Ossian Flipper a classmate who had been born a slave.

masks:
John Bigelow Jr
John Bigelow
John Bigelow


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 Bigelow faced for the first time the racism then prevailing in America. His upbringing in Europe did not prepare him for such hatred. His efforts to explain what he saw in Europe only inflamed other racists.With subtle help from his peers, Flipper was the first "negro" to graduate from West Point. 9th Cavalry Regiment–The Buffalo Soldiers

After the Civil War two regiments of "Negro Troops" were raised for cavalry service on the frontier. These were the 9th Cavalry and the 10th U.S. Cavalry. By 1877 the regiments led by white officers were veterans of Indian Warfare and frontier life. Bigelow, later with the 10th Cavalry, wrote historical sketches for these Buffalo Soldiers which are still used today as a reference. On December 14, 1877, the young Bigelow reported for duty at Fort Duncan in West Texas. He was assigned to Company B, 9th Cavalry.In time he learned to become a cavalry trooper. His handsome looks turned many a lady's head and he left many broken hearts behind him. His language skills and presentation were also a plus for him. His journals and sketches created a colorful portrait of his frontier service. In 1877 the 9th Cavalry were in the New Mexico Military District, which covered parts of New Mexico, Colorado and Texas. Bigelow had participated in the later part of the Apache Wars dated from 1875 to 1881. His service included the Battle of Tularosa with Chiricahua Apache warriors led by Victorio in May 1880.In 1881 the 9th were transferred east to Fort Riley, Kansas. But Bigelow was transferred to the 10th U.S. Cavalry and in October 1882 he is at Fort Davis in Texas. 10th Cavalry Regiment
In the spring of 1885 the 10th left Fort Davis for the Department of Arizona. While en route, the widely scattered troops began to come together and formed a full regiment of 12 troops for the first and only time in its history. Bigelow stated it was a sight to see and would never be seen again. On May 20, 1885, the regiment reached


texts: its new headquarters at Fort Apache, Arizona territory. Within weeks they were headed to various isolated posts and forts for duty.In the mid-1880s the hunt for Geronimo was on and Bigelow was involved with the search, patrolling out of Fort Grant. Many patrols were carried out and the public's attention was drawn to the hunt. Harper's Weekly sent a young Frederic Remington out to document the historic events. While Remington went out with various cavalry troops of the 10th, he met a friend of an old friend in the dusty west. Bigelow's brother Poultney <mask> was a former Yale classmate of Remington and had remained in contact with him. This started a friendship which would last for decades. Bigelow allowed Remington to read his journals and see his sketches.While Bigelow never became proficient in his sketches, his journals became the basis of serial articles on the hunt for Geronimo for his brother's Outing magazine. Remington added a series of freelance sketches for the magazine that included his new friend, <mask>w. Bigelow, now tough and leaner in stature, with a regimental approved mustache, from his tenure on the frontier had become a teacher to Remington regarding the cavalry and the tools of the trade. Bigelow teased his friend about his British-style pith helmet. He gave his friend a quiver of Apache hunting arrows and its bow that he had recovered from the field. Remington made dozens of sketches that often focused on what Bigelow did and often inserted himself in his own sketches. In 1889 Remington would publish some of his sketches and tell of what it was like going on a "scout" with the Buffalo Soldiers.The tall lean frame and face of Bigelow can be seen in many of Remington's later paintings and artistic works. Unfortunately this caused some problems for Bigelow. Not only did some officers become jealous of the attention given to Bigelow, but many women, married and single, competed for his attention. Bigelow had many a

masks:
Bigelow
John Bigelo


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 close call toward the state of matrimony, but improved his Spanish skills. On at least two occasions his "notoriety" caused him delay in returning to his command because of the "need" for him to attend a party while in transit at some frontier posting. While the prize of capturing Geronimo in September 1886 went to Captain Henry Lawton, in command of B Troop, 4th Cavalry, the 10th Cavalry had drawn their part of the noose tight to make it happen. Bigelow and his troop were part of the escort taking Geronimo to the railroad station for his imprisonment back east.In 1891, The headquarters for the 10th was moved to Fort Grant. Bigelow was listed as the Regimental Quartermaster. There he would write a brief history of the 10th Cavalry which became part of the United States Military historic record. Late career and Spanish–American War

In late June 1898, Captain Bigelow in command of D Troop, 10th Cavalry landed in Cuba. The harsh jungle conditions were hard on him and his men. His unit was part of the Cavalry Division's Second Brigade which included the 1st Volunteer Cavalry later led by Lt. Colonel Theodore Roosevelt and was in the thick of the fighting.Three principal battles were fought by this brigade on the approach to the principal city of Santiago de Cuba. The first of these were the Battle of Las Guasimas on June 24, 1898, where Bigelow and the 10th Cavalry saved a portion of the Rough Riders from annihilation when their lead companies were ambushed and pinned down. This was where Harper's Weekly war correspondent Frederic Remington experienced the true horror of combat and heard the whistle of bullets near his head. Remington later painted the "Scream of the Shrapnel" in 1899 that represented this event. The second was the Battle of El Caney in the early morning hours of July 1 where stubborn Spanish forces held the Americans at bay for almost twelve hours. Then came infamous or famous Battle of San Juan Hill in the late