texts:
<mask><mask><mask> (born 1947) is a British-born advertising art director, landscape/cityscape artist and printmaker living in Melbourne Australia. In 1999, he conceived and directed Ford Global Anthem, the Ford Motor Company's first global television advertising campaign. At the beginning of the 21st century, the commercial was believed to be the world's biggest advertisement. Early life and education

<mask> was born and raised in Neasden, a working-class suburb of London, the only son of an electrical engineer and his wife, a box assembler at National Cash Register (NCR) in Brent Cross. He was educated at John Kelly Boys' Technology College (now Crest Boys' Academy) in Neasden. <mask> studied Fine Art and Advertising Design at Ealing Art College in West London from 1963 to 1968. He was a student in Roy Ascott's experimental 'Groundcourse', a method as influential as it was unorthodox in its approach to teaching art.The radical curricula and behaviourist experiments at Ealing between 1961 and 1964 made it one of the most controversial art courses in the history of British art education. While <mask> was a student at Ealing, he worked part-time as a cel painter on the 90-minute Beatles' animated movie Yellow Submarine (1968), designed by Heinz Edelmann and directed by George Dunning. He was one of 'a team of mostly young, unsung artists [who] toiled away in rinky-dink offices in Soho Square, London, for nearly a year' 'working long …. shifts in the ink and paint department.' He mostly painted cels for Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds and Nowhere Man sequences. Work
After graduating, <mask> worked as an advertising art director at Leo Burnett Worldwide London. In 1976, he migrated to Australia and was employed at various agencies in Melbourne, including the local office of US-based advertising agency JWT (J Walter Thompson) and later regional offices

masks:
Arthur Edward (
Ted
) Powell
Powell
Powell
Powell
Powell


type: original

texts:
 in Auckland, Taipei, Detroit, London and Bangkok.He returned to Melbourne in 2004 to paint full-time. Advertising

In advertising, <mask> is notable for conceiving and directing Ford Global Anthem (advertisement 1999) for Ford Motor Company in 1999. At the time, it was believed to be one of the biggest commercial productions in US advertising history, and one of the most widespread use of one commercial at one time by a giant advertiser. It was recorded as the world's first global media roadblock in the Guinness Book of World Records in 1999. In his spare time after work and on weekends, he recorded life on the streets and city skylines from apartment and hotel rooftops in major cities in Australasia, Europe and America where he lived, visited and worked in artists sketchbooks. The sketches would become visual reference for future cityscape paintings. Art

Major themes and styles
Australia from an outsider's view became a major theme in his landscapes and cityscapes.His early style was representational and later became more experimental and abstracted. Landscapes
At the time, <mask>'s work was strongly influenced by two well-known Australian landscape artists. The first was Australian painter and printmaker Fred Williams (1927–1982) who <mask> never met and whose method he adopted of reworking the same motif a number of times in different mediums and over a number of years. The other was Clifton Pugh AO (1924–1990) who <mask> accompanied on a three-week painting trip to the Kimberley Ranges in Western Australia in 1989. It was under Pugh's influence and tutelage he first painted the unique landscape of Outback Australia. In 2005, he went back to the Kimberley Ranges to camp and paint the landscape for three weeks and find a new direction for his art. Installation and portraiture
Between 2007 and 2009, his focus shifted from landscapes to more

masks: Powell Powell Powell Powell


texts:
 social and political themes across a variety of mediums, genres and styles, including portraiture and installation.White Trash was a multimedia installation created out of discarded factory-made household objects found on the streets near his home and studio over a three-week period in 2007, and was part of a group exhibition on the theme of 'Contamination' (2007) at Gasworks Arts Park, Albert Park, Victoria. The title of the work was a verbal pun on the environmental havoc caused by predominantly 'white' Australians discarding unwanted household items in suburban streets. When asked if the assemblage of white and white painted found objects, including an old car bonnet, bedheads, cigarettes and discarded electrical items was a work of art, <mask> described it as more of an expression of an appalling sense of waste in contemporary consumer society. When the exhibition ended, the installation was disassembled and the objects taken to the council waste facility in nearby Port Melbourne for disposal. A private commission of fifteen paintings on the theme of endangered forests in Australia for a prominent Riverina winery in 2006 sparked an interest in conservation, and concern about the impact excessive logging, road building and too frequent burning off was having on native animals. This culminated in a joint exhibition of animal portraits, titled Poetic Fauna, in 2009 with fellow Briton, writer and poet Bryan S. Cooper. As migrants to Australia in the 1970s, their view was that most animals unique to Australia were either cherished as national symbols or considered dangerous and generally treated badly by humans.The poems that accompanied the paintings, sketches and mono prints used the 'voice' of the animals themselves as a form of protest against their treatment. Cityscapes
The city of Melbourne had a profound effect on <mask>'s work and became

masks: Powell Powell


texts: the primary motif from 2009 onwards. His first urban landscapes or cityscapes were of Melbourne, and mostly around the industrial area near the Westgate Bridge that spans the Yarra River linking the east to the west of the city. Fred Williams had produced a group of four large strip format gouache-on-paper paintings called the West Gate Bridge series showing the half-constructed bridge in 1970, and had planned to paint the length of the river but he lost heart in the project after a section of the bridge collapsed on 15 October 1970, while it was still under construction, killing thirty-five workers. The story of the collapse was far from fading in people's memory forty years on and <mask> saw the anniversary as an opportunity to present the iconic bridge in new light. Maps had been a recurring theme in <mask>'s work since his art school days at Ealing Art College. In the mid-Sixties, they took the form of diagrams and maps that bore some semblance to 'mind maps' and structural systems that figured in Roy Ascott's teaching.In paintings exhibited between 2011 and 2018, <mask> re-imagined his adopted hometown using grid-like structures and abstract shapes that resembled maps. It had been announced in the local news media that Melbourne was set to become Australia's biggest city by 2035 years and <mask> felt a sense of urgency to capture the visual essence of the city footprint as the city grew and evolved. In these works he tilted Melbourne's urban landscape full against the picture plane in a style reminiscent of not only his early student work but indigenous Australian art. He abstracted the city footprint further by superimposing the imprint of the street grid system first laid down by colonial surveyor and artist Robert Hoddle (1794–1881) in the 19th century over familiar landmarks created by later generations of town planners and architects,


texts:
 construction workers and engineers. Urban sketches
<mask> placed great importance on drawing and produced many preparatory sketches and drawings for later works in panorama sketchbooks and long concertina notebooks at his studio, on the streets and in cafes near his inner city home and in the Americas, Europe, Asia, Australia and New Zealand where he had lived, using simple drawing tools and palette. Sketchbooks tracing the development along the Port Phillip Bay foreshore and capturing the precise layout of the streets of South Melbourne, Port Melbourne and Albert Park are part of the City of Port Phillip Collection. Sketchbooks of Melbourne are also held in the State Library of Victoria's rare books collection
and City of Melbourne collection.Documentary films featuring <mask> <mask>

Artscape: Artists At Work  – Gasworks, 30 minutes, ABC1, aired 19 August 2008. Filmed over 6 weeks, the documentary gives a glimpse inside <mask>’s studio and working life and other artists in the arts precinct where he worked. Charity work

In 1983, <mask> volunteered as a firefighter in the Otway Ranges in Victoria during the Ash Wednesday bushfires, the deadliest bushfire in Australian history (until the Black Saturday bushfires in 2009). He donated a painting to be auctioned at the Art for Life bush fire appeal, at the Melbourne Town Hall in 2009 to raise money for the rebuilding of communities tragically affected by the recent bushfires. <mask> donated paintings to various charities, including the Lighthouse Charity Trust for their Annual Lighthouse Art Auction at the Australian Centre for Contemporary Art (ACCA) in 2010. The proceeds from his paintings and others donated by colleagues respected and prominent in advertising and art helped Lighthouse continue to care for young people in need. References

Living people
1947 births
Artists from Melbourne
Artists

masks:
Powell
Arthur Ted
Powell
Powell
Powell
Powell


texts:
<mask> (born May 19, 1959) is an American yachtsman and professional sailor. He has competed at multiple world championship level sailing events, including the America's Cup, the Whitbread Round the World Race, the Volvo Ocean Race and the Olympic Games. In 1998 he was selected as the US Rolex Yachtsmen of the Year. He has won seven world championships, twice participated in the Olympic Games and seven times in the America's Cup. In 2011 he was elected into the US Sailing Hall of Fame. Biography
<mask> was born in San Francisco, California. He began sailing in 1967, at the age of eight.He graduated in 1981, with a degree in Business Management from San Francisco State University. He speaks three languages: English, French and Italian. He enjoys flying and holds a pilots certification with instrument rating for single engine aircraft. Of all his sailing accomplishments, he counts his 1988 Star Class World Championship as his most prized victory. Currently, Cayard serves as Chairman of the Board for St. Francis Yacht Club where he served as Chairman of Finance in 2018. He is an ambassador for the One Ocean Foundation and Vice President of the International Star Class. He is also a member of the US Olympic Sailing Committee.Cayard is a member of four international yacht clubs; St. Francis Yacht Club, San Francisco Yacht Club, Yacht Club Costa Smeralda and Yacht Club de Monaco. Sailing career
From an early age Cayard showed great promise as a sailor and by his early teens was successfully sailing high performance dinghies such as the International 505 and Laser. As Cayard grew and became more proficient in sailing, he gained the notice of Tom Blackaller who invited Cayard to crew for him on his Star class sailboat. Blackaller would become an influential mentor and the Star Class would become a lifelong passion for Cayard. In 1984, Cayard was selected as an alternate in the Olympic Games for the USA sailing team. Sailing in the Star Class, he won the silver medal at the pre-Olympic regatta in 2003, going on to finish 5th at the 2004 Summer Olympic

masks:
Paul Pierre Cayard
Paul Cayard


texts:
 Games in Athens. Cayard has competed in a broad range of ocean racing events with an impressive record.He won the 1994 Kenwood Cup, the 1994 and 1996 Sardinia Cup and the 1995 Admirals Cup. His top achievement in this arena was becoming the first American to win the Whitbread Round the World in 1997-1998 as skipper of EF Language. He beat out ten other yachts for the prize over a course of 32,000 miles (51,500 km). In 2005-2006, Cayard competed in the Volvo Ocean Race as skipper of the Pirates of the Caribbean syndicate sponsored by The Walt Disney Company in reference to the movie of the same name. Cayard Sailing Inc. managed the team which won the final leg into Gothenburg to finish the overall race in 2nd place. In 2007, <mask> and Russell Coutts announced the launch of the World Sailing League in partnership with internationally renowned Portuguese sports promoter, João Lagos. The World Sailing League (WSL) was to have been held at premier sailing locations around the world with the series winner receiving $2 million in prize money.In 2009, Cayard joined Artemis Racing owned by Torbjörn Törnqvist. Cayard was the Skipper of the Louis Vuitton Trophy team and Tactician onboard TP52 Artemis (www.artemisracing.com). Artemis Racing became the Challenger of Record for the 34th America's Cup in 2010 and Cayard was CEO. America's Cup
Cayard's first America's Cup was in 1983 aboard Tom Blackaller's Defender as a jib trimmer. Defender finished third in the defender selection series. For the 1987 America's Cup series, Cayard moved up to tactician and alternate helmsman on Blackaller's new boat USA, which lost out to Dennis Conner's Stars & Stripes for the right to challenge for the cup. For the 1992 America's Cup, Cayard was manager and skipper of Il Moro di Venezia from Italy, a syndicate backed by Raul Gardini.In 1991, he won the first ever International America's Cup Class world championship. Over the months long challenger selection series, <mask>'s team beat out seven other teams from six other countries to win the 1992 Louis Vuitton Cup and gain

masks:
Paul Cayard
Cayard


texts: the right to challenge for the America's Cup. Part of the challenge included protests where Cayard successfully protested the employment of a bowsprit on the New Zealand challenge. Though Il Moro di Venezia was outclassed in the America's Cup races by the faster America³, Cayard's expertise in sailing provided some memorable moments. In the second race of the series, his yacht won the start and maintained a small lead for the entire race. He employed classic match racing tactics throughout the race and at the downwind finish managed to beat America³ by three seconds, producing what was at the time the smallest winning margin in America's Cup history. Il Moro however, went on to lose this series 4–1.In 1995, Cayard joined an American effort for the America's Cup with Team Dennis Conner Stars & Stripes as primary helmsman. Though Stars & Stripes was noticeably slower than other boats on the defender series, the syndicate managed to win the 1995 Citizen Cup for the right to defend the Cup. In an unprecedented move, Team Dennis Conner decided to use the faster yacht Young America from the PACT 95 syndicate to defend the Cup. Cayard and this syndicate ended up losing the Cup 5–0 to Team New Zealand, who had won the 1995 Louis Vuitton Cup. With the change in venue and hemisphere for the Cup, the next America's Cup was not held until 2000. For the 2000 America's Cup, Cayard formed his own syndicate with backing from a number of sponsors and named it AmericaOne. The sponsoring yacht club was St. Francis Yacht Club of San Francisco.This syndicate competed against 14 challengers from 10 nations for the right to challenge for the Cup. AmericaOne reached the finals of the 2000 Louis Vuitton Cup racing against Prada for the right to challenge against Team New Zealand for the 2000 America's Cup. The final over the best of nine races was hotly contested, with neither yacht ever winning by more than two minutes. Prada won the first race, and AmericaOne the second. Prada went on to win the next two races, putting AmericaOne at a 3-1 disadvantage. AmericaOne then


texts:
 proceeded to win the next three races in a row and appeared on the brink of winning the Louis Vuitton Cup. However, equipment fatigue and failure proved decisive, several spinnakers were blown out, and Prada ended up winning the next two races and the series, 5–4, earning the right to challenge for the Cup.Prada ultimately lost in the America's Cup, 5–0 to the defender Team New Zealand. Following the conclusion of the 2000 America's Cup, Cayard recommended to the AmericaOne syndicate board of trustees that the syndicate should not compete for the 2003 America's Cup, citing significant financial and recruiting obstacles. Assets of AmericaOne were eventually sold to Larry Ellison who founded the Oracle Racing syndicate, later joining forces with BMW Racing to form Oracle BMW Racing, with Cayard as skipper. Cayard later was moved out of the skipper position into an administrative position and ultimately left the syndicate. In March 2007, Cayard was involved in the 2007 America's Cup as Technical Advisor to Desafio Espanol 2007. Cayard also commentated on the 2007 Louis Vuitton Cup and on the 2007 America's Cup for La7, the Italian broadcast rights holder. On 12 October 2007, Cayard announced that he was joining Desafio Espanol as Sports Director for the 33rd America's Cup.For the 33rd America's Cup, Cayard provided commentary for Eurosport and in 2009 joined Torbjorn Tornqvist's sailing on Artemis Racing for the TP52 and Louis Vuitton Trophy regattas. Cayard also helmed RC44 Katusha on the RC44 Championship Tour from 2010–2012. For the 34th America's Cup, Cayard was the CEO of Artemis Racing, the Challenger of Record. In 2020, <mask> was the first sailor to be inducted into the Class of 2020 for the Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame, (BASHOF)

Achievements

 Won the El Toro class North American championship in the under 18 category in 1975. Won the Star class world championship in 1988. Won the Maxi class world championship in 1988 aboard Il Moro di Venezia III. Won the 1989 One Ton class world championship.Won the 1991 50-foot world championship aboard


texts:
 Abracadabra in Japan. 1991 Yachting magazine Yachtsman of the Year. Won the Louis Vuitton Cup in 1992. 1992 Rothmans Yachtsman of the Year. Won the Citizens Cup in 1995 for the right to defend the America's Cup. Won 1994 and 1996 Sardinia Cup (ocean racing)
 Won 1994 Kenwood Cup (ocean racing)
 Won the 1995 Admiral's Cup (ocean racing)
 Won the 1996 International Level Class 40 world championship. Won the 1999 Steinlager Cup.Won the 1997/98 Whitbread Round the World Race (now known as the Volvo Ocean Race) as skipper of the Swedish entry EF Language. 1998 Rolex Yachtsman of the Year. Won 2002 IMS world championship in Capri, Italy. 2005-2006 Skippered 'Pirates of the Caribbean' in the Volvo Ocean Race, placing 2nd overall. Tactician on board John Kilroy's Samba Pa Ti, winner of the Farr 40 North American Championships 2004, US National Championships 2004, Pacific Coast Championships 2004, and West Coast Season Championships 2004. 2010 Became CEO of Artemis Racing, Challenger of Record for the 34th America's Cup, which is backed by Torbjörn Tornqvist. 2011 Inducted into the National Sailing Hall of Fame in San Diego, CA.2018 Star World Championship, Bronze
 2019 Inducted into Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame

See also
 Italy at the America's Cup

References

 Record of world championships won
 2000 Louis Vuitton Cup finals results

External links

 Cayard Sailing website
  32nd America's Cup website

 Pirates of the Caribbean entry in the Volvo Ocean Race 2005-2006 website

 AmericaOne website

1959 births
American male sailors (sport)
Artemis Racing sailors
Living people
Oracle Racing sailors
Il Moro Challenge sailors
Sailors at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Star
Star class world champions
US Sailor of the Year
Volvo Ocean Race sailors
1983 America's Cup sailors
1987 America's Cup sailors
1992 America's Cup sailors
1995 America's Cup sailors
2000 America's Cup sailors
2003 America's Cup sailors
2013 America's Cup sailors
World champions in sailing for the United States
San Francisco State University alumni
Olympic sailors of the United


texts: <mask> ( ; born December 21, 1962) is an American investment banker and film producer who served as the 77th United States secretary of the treasury as part of the Cabinet of Donald Trump from 2017 to 2021. Previously, <mask> had been a hedge fund manager and investor. Upon graduating from Yale University in 1985, <mask> joined the investment bank Goldman Sachs where his father, <mask>, was a general partner. <mask> worked at Goldman Sachs for 17 years, eventually becoming its chief information officer. After he left Goldman Sachs in 2002, he worked for and founded several hedge funds and launched Dune Entertainment, a motion picture production company that financed several films for 20th Century Fox. <mask> was a member of Sears Holdings's Board of Directors from 2005 until December 2016, and prior to this, <mask> served on Kmart's Board of Directors. After Sears went bankrupt, the company that formerly owned it sued <mask> and ex-CEO Eddie Lampert for "asset stripping" during their tenure.During the financial crisis of 2007–2008, <mask> bought failed residential lender IndyMac. He changed the name to OneWest Bank and rebuilt the bank, then sold it to CIT Group in 2015. During his time as OneWest CEO and Chairman, the bank became embroiled in several lawsuits over questionable foreclosures. <mask> joined Trump's presidential campaign in 2016, and was named National Finance Chairman for the campaign. On February 13, 2017, <mask> was confirmed by the U.S. Senate as Secretary of the Treasury by a vote of 53–47. As Secretary of the Treasury, <mask> supported the Trump tax cuts and the tax reform of 2017 and advocated reducing personal and corporate tax rates. In regard to regulatory policy, <mask> supported President Trump’s partial repeal of

masks:
Steven Terner Mnuchin
Mnuchin
Mnuchin
Robert Mnuchin
Mnuchin
Mnuchin
Mnuchin
Mnuchin
Mnuchin
Mnuchin
Mnuchin
Mnuchin
Mnuchin


texts:
 the Dodd–Frank Act, citing the complexity of the legislation.Early life and education
<mask> was born on December 21, 1962, in New York City, the second-youngest son in his family. <mask>'s family is Jewish. He is the son of Robert E<mask> of Washington, Connecticut, and Elaine Terner Cooper of New York. <mask> was a partner at Goldman Sachs in charge of equity trading and a member of the management committee. He is also the founder of an art gallery in New York City, the Mnuchin Gallery. <mask>'s great-grandfather, <mask>, a Russian-born diamond dealer who later resided in Belgium, emigrated to the U.S. in 1916. <mask> attended Riverdale Country School in New York City.He graduated from Yale University in 1985 with a bachelor's degree in economics. At Yale, <mask> was publisher of the Yale Daily News, and was also initiated into Skull and Bones in 1985. While a student at Yale, <mask> drove a Porsche and lived at New Haven's Taft Hotel. <mask>'s first job was as a trainee at investment bank Salomon Brothers in the early 1980s, while still studying at Yale. Finance and banking career

Goldman Sachs
<mask> graduated from Yale in 1985 and started working for Goldman Sachs, where his father had been employed since 1957. <mask> started in the mortgage department, and became a partner at Goldman in 1994. Until he left the company in 2002, <mask> held the following positions as a partner:
 November 1994 – December 1998: Head of the Mortgage Securities Department
 December 1998 – November 1999: Overseeing mortgages, U.S. governments, money markets, and municipals at Fixed Income, Currency and Commodities Division
 December 1999 – February 2001: Member of the Executive Committee and co-head of the Technology Operating Committee
 February 2001 –

masks:
Steven Mnuchin
Mnuchin
. Mnuchin
Robert Mnuchin
Mnuchin
Aaron Mnuchin
Mnuchin
Mnuchin
Mnuchin
Mnuchin
Mnuchin
Mnuchin
Mnuchin


texts:
 December 2001: Executive Vice President and co-chief information officer
 December 2001 – 2002: Executive vice president, member of the Management Committee, and chief information officer

<mask> left Goldman Sachs in 2002 after 17 years of employment, with an estimated $46 million of company stock and $12.6 million in compensation that he received in the months prior to his departure.Hedge funds
After he left Goldman Sachs in 2002, <mask> briefly worked as vice-chairman of hedge fund ESL Investments, which is owned by his Yale roommate Edward Lampert. From 2003 to 2004 he worked as Chief Executive Officer at SFM Capital Management, a fund backed by George Soros. <mask> founded a hedge fund called Dune Capital Management, named for a spot near his house in The Hamptons, in 2004 with two former Goldman partners. After its founding, <mask> served as the CEO of the company. The firm invested in at least two Donald Trump projects, the Trump International Hotel and Tower in Honolulu and its namesake in Chicago. Dune Capital Management and other lenders to the skyscraper in Chicago were sued by Trump before a settlement was reached. <mask> was outbid by Lone Star Funds on a portfolio of residential mortgage-backed collateralized debt obligations being sold by Merrill Lynch during the financial crisis, which sold for $6.7 billion.<mask> has been criticized for his use of offshore entities for investment purposes as a hedge-fund manager, which is a common practice in the industry. <mask> has stated: "In no way did I use [offshore entities] to avoid U.S. taxes." OneWest

Purchase of IndyMac and other loan portfolios
In 2009, a group led by <mask> bought California-based residential lender IndyMac, which had been in receivership by the FDIC and

masks: Mnuchin Mnuchin Mnuchin Mnuchin Mnuchin Mnuchin Mnuchin Mnuchin


texts:
 owned $23.5 billion in commercial loans, mortgages, and mortgage-backed securities. The purchase price was a $4.7 billion discount to its book value. Mnuchin's investment group included George Soros, hedge-fund manager John Paulson, former Goldman Sachs executive J. Christopher Flowers, and Dell Computer founder Michael Dell. The FDIC agreed to retain some of the more problematic assets of the bank, and signed a loss-sharing agreement.The FDIC was estimated to be required to pay $2.4 billion to IndyMac under the shared loss agreement. After purchasing IndyMac, renamed OneWest Bank, <mask> moved into a 20,000 square foot house in Bel Air to begin his tenure as CEO and chairman. OneWest then bought several other failed banks including First Federal Bank of California in 2009 and La Jolla Bank in 2010. Furthermore, OneWest bought a portfolio belonging to Citi Holdings for $1.4 billion. OneWest was profitable one year after <mask> had bought it, and it became the largest bank of Southern California, with assets worth $27 billion. Sale to CIT
In 2015, <mask> sold OneWest to CIT Group for $3.4 billion. After the acquisition by CIT, <mask> remained at OneWest, and became a member of CIT Group's board of directors.As of August 2016, <mask> owned $97 million in CIT Group stock, most of which he had received in exchange for his stake in OneWest. On December 2, 2016, <mask> resigned from the board of directors of CIT as a result of his selection as nominee for Secretary of the Treasury. Foreclosures
OneWest was criticized for aggressively foreclosing on homeowners. In the five years following <mask>'s acquisition of OneWest, the bank foreclosed on 36,000 homes in California, leading local activists to begin calling <mask> "the foreclosure king." The


texts: high foreclosure rate might have been a result of the loss sharing agreement with the FDIC, whereby the FDIC had to reimburse OneWest for losses. According to The New York Times, OneWest "was involved in a string of lawsuits over questionable foreclosures, and settled several cases for millions of dollars". Because of these foreclosures, around 100 protesters of Occupy Los Angeles gathered outside <mask>'s home in October 2011 and held signs that read "Make Banks Pay".Two California fair-housing groups filed complaints to the federal government alleging that OneWest had violated the Fair Housing Act by not lending money to African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians. In November 2016, after OneWest was sold to CIT, the California Reinvestment Coalition submitted a Freedom of Information Act request to the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to learn more about CIT's reverse mortgage subsidiary, Financial Freedom. According to the HUD's response, CIT/Financial Freedom foreclosed on 16,220 federally insured reverse mortgages from April 2009 to April 2016. This represented about 39% of all federally insured reverse mortgage foreclosures during that time. CRC estimated that Financial Freedom serviced only about 17% of the market and thus was foreclosing more than twice as often as its competitors. CIT Group disclosed to investors that it had received subpoenas from HUD's Office of the Inspector General in the third and fourth quarters of 2015. In November 2016, two non-profits filed a complaint with the Department of Housing and Urban Development, alleging redlining by OneWest Bank.In 2017 a leaked internal memo from the California attorney general's office was published, stating that the prosecutor's office had found


texts:
 more than a thousand violations of foreclosure law by OneWest during <mask>'s tenure. The prosecutor, Kamala Harris, had declined to file a civil enforcement suit. Liberty Strategic Capital
After Donald Trump lost the 2020 election, <mask> established an investment fund, Liberty Strategic Capital. The fund obtained funds from the Saudis, Emirati and Qatari sovereign wealth funds. According to the New York Times, "The scale of Mr. <mask>’s fund and its investments from countries where he traveled as Treasury secretary have raised questions about whether he used his government role to enrich himself." Film production career
In 2004, he founded Dune Entertainment as a side business, which was the financier of a number of large budget films, mostly for 20th Century Fox, including the X-Men film franchise and Avatar. In 2012, after Dune's deal with 20th Century Fox ended, <mask> teamed up with filmmaker Brett Ratner and Australian businessman James Packer to merge his Dune Entertainment company with Ratner and Packer's newly founded RatPac Entertainment joint venture; resulting in RatPac-Dune Entertainment, which then struck a financing deal with Warner Bros.Between 2013 and 2018, RatPac-Dune financed many films for Warner Bros., including American Sniper and Mad Max: Fury Road. <mask> was co-chairman of the trio's movie company, Relativity Media, but left seven months before it went bankrupt. A source close to the company said he had resigned because of the potential for a conflict of interest between his duties at Relativity and OneWest. He and other investors reportedly lost $80 million. Filmography

Politics

Donations
Before joining the presidential campaign of Donald Trump in 2016, <mask> had been involved in politics only by donating

masks: Mnuchin Mnuchin Mnuchin Mnuchin Mnuchin Mnuchin


texts:
 money to campaigns. Between 1995 and 2014, he donated over $120,000 to political organizations, PACs, politicians, and political parties. His contributions to candidates included 11 donations to Republicans and 36 donations to Democrats.The campaigns of Al Gore, Hillary Clinton, John Kerry, Barack Obama, and Mitt Romney were among those to which he donated money. <mask> said most of those donations were favors for friends. Between June and September 2016, <mask> donated over $400,000 to the Republican Party, including donations to Paul Ryan and Donald Trump. Earlier in 2016, <mask> had donated $4,000 to Democrats Kamala Harris and Michael Wildes. 2016 presidential campaign of Donald Trump
<mask> was an early supporter of Trump, and attended his victory party after the New York Republican primary victory on April 19, 2016, for which he received a last-minute invitation. He was called the following day by Trump, who asked him if he wanted to be the national finance chairman of his campaign. <mask>, who later said in an interview he had known Trump "for over fifteen years", accepted the offer.In a statement announcing the appointment, Trump said: "<mask> is a professional at the highest level, with an extensive and very successful financial background." He also said <mask> would bring "unprecedented experience and expertise" that would benefit the Republican Party. After being appointed as the Trump campaign's main fundraiser, <mask> said: "It's a great privilege to be working with Mr. Trump to create a world-class finance organization to support the campaign in the General Election." <mask> worked with Republican National Committee counterpart Lewis Eisenberg on a late-developing joint operation for the committee and the Trump campaign.

masks: Mnuchin Mnuchin Mnuchin Mnuchin Mnuchin Steven Mnuchin Mnuchin Mnuchin


texts:
 Before <mask>'s appointment, no large-scale fundraising operation had been started for the Trump campaign. The late-summer fundraising goal was close to $500 million. The New York Times described <mask>'s role during the campaign as "relatively behind the scenes", and the newspaper noticed he never "seemed to seek the spotlight".During an interview, <mask> said that because of his connection to the Trump campaign, "a lot of people in California and New York [...] wanted to stop being friends". After Trump won the election, he announced that <mask> would join the transition team on November 11. Political views
In a November 30, 2016, interview on CNBC, <mask> called it the Trump administration's job to "make sure that the average American has wage increases and good jobs". Furthermore, he said his priority was getting a sustained growth of GDP of 3% or 4%. He said in order to get there, "our number one priority is tax reform". <mask> said he would reduce corporate taxes to 15%, cut taxes for the middle class, and simplify the tax system. When asked about trade, he said he believed in trade deals with individual countries, as opposed to regional trade deals.<mask> said, "This president [...] is going to have open communication with business leaders", when asked about keeping jobs from being offshored to Mexico. During the interview, he also said he wants to "strip back parts of Dodd–Frank" because he argued it was too complicated, and it prevented banks from lending. He called the stripping back of Dodd–Frank "the number-one priority on the regulatory side". Secretary of the Treasury

Nomination and confirmation

On November 30, 2016, Donald Trump announced on his website that he would nominate <mask> as United States Secretary of the


texts: Treasury. In the statement, Trump called <mask> a "world-class financier, banker, and businessman", and he said <mask> played an important role in developing his "plan to build a dynamic, booming economy". <mask> himself said he was "honored to have the opportunity to serve our great country in this important role". He called Trump's economic agenda a "bold" one "that creates good-paying jobs and defends the American worker".On February 1, 2017, the Senate Finance Committee approved his nomination by a vote of 11–0 with all Democrats boycotting the vote, sending the nomination to the Senate floor. After the nomination was announced, <mask> resigned from his position on the board of trustees of the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, to which he had donated between $100,000 and $250,000. When the pick was announced, <mask> was also a member of the boards of UCLA Health System, the NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital, and the Los Angeles Police Foundation. The New York Times noted that <mask>'s selection "fits uneasily with much of Mr. Trump's campaign attacks on the financial industry". For example, an ad of Trump's campaign said Goldman Sachs' CEO had "robbed [the] working class". <mask> is the third former Goldman-Sachs executive to serve in the job, after Hank Paulson, under President George W. Bush, and Robert Rubin, under President Bill Clinton, in the 2000s and 1990s, respectively. During his Senate confirmation hearing on January 19, 2017, <mask> was criticized by Democrats for OneWest's foreclose practices.<mask> said: "Since I was first nominated to serve as treasury secretary, I have been maligned as taking advantage of others' hardships in order to earn a buck. Nothing could be further from the truth". During the hearing, it was

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 also noted that <mask> had failed to disclose $95 million of real estate that he owned and his role as director of Dune Capital International, an investment fund in a tax haven. <mask> described the omissions as mistakes made amid a mountain of bureaucracy. Following Trump's January 2017 announcement about an investigation into voter registration, it was discovered that <mask> is registered to vote in both California and New York. On February 13, 2017, <mask> was confirmed as secretary of the treasury by a vote of 53–47. He received unanimous support from Senate Republicans but from only one Senate Democrat, Joe Manchin of West Virginia.Tenure

Artificial intelligence
<mask>, when asked in an interview with Mike Allen of Axios "whether he was worried about AI displacing jobs, replied: 'not at all... I think we are so far away from that' — 50 or 100 years — 'it's not even on my radar screen'." Former treasury secretary Lawrence Summers was among critics of the statement, likening it to climate denial and creationism. Fortune columnist Alan Murray, noting the dispute, said he thought "the core of the misunderstanding is the term 'artificial intelligence'". While he felt Mnuchin expressed understanding of the role of technology in the labor market and also worried that the secretary and President Donald Trump were both in their ways underestimating technology's impact, he thought the climate-denial charge was excessive. Environment
In January 2020, Mnuchin dismissed environmental activist Greta Thunberg, saying she should go to college and study economics before weighing in on policy. Others responded to Mnuchin, noting that thousands of economists with PhDs had signed a letter calling for taxation of carbon dioxide emissions.Federal budget

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 and benefits
On June 12, 2017, <mask> denied the debt ceiling not being raised before the August recess would cease federal government operations, and said Congress should weigh the option of "changing the timing so that the debt ceiling matches the budget process so we don't have to deal with this in this format" during a House appropriations subcommittee hearing. On June 14, during a prepared testimony ahead of the House subcommittee on State, Foreign Operations and Related Programs, <mask> said the budget proposal on the part of the Trump administration "should send a message that the international financial institutions need to operate more efficiently". On July 13, in response to limited lifespans being reported of Social Security and Medicaid, <mask> said: "To help make these programs sustainable into the future, we should focus on strengthening the economy today. Compounding growth will help ease projected shortfalls." Taxes
<mask> is a member of the so-called "Big Six", a group of politicians convened to write a tax reform proposal that incorporated input from members of the House of Representatives, Senate, and White House. In addition to <mask>, the group consists of senators Orrin Hatch (R-UT) and Mitch McConnell (R-KY); representatives Kevin Brady (R-TX) and Paul Ryan (R-WI); and National Economic Council Director Gary Cohn. Shortly after the November 2016 election, <mask>, as the planned nominee for secretary of the treasury, stated in an interview with CNBC that "any reductions we have in upper-income taxes will be offset by less deductions so that there will be no absolute tax cut for the upper class", which Senator Ron Wyden (D-OR) subsequently called "The Mnuchin Rule" during his Senate confirmation hearing.Brad McMillan,


texts: chief investment officer for Commonwealth Financial Network, said a preliminary tax reform proposal by Trump in April 2017 "allocates much of the tax relief to the wealthy" and could increase the budget deficit. In a May 2017 event moderated by CNBC, <mask> stated the intent was to deliver a "middle-income tax cut", but that final results depended on the actions of Congress. <mask> appeared with White House Director of Legislative Affairs Marc Short in a July 2017 event when they vowed to have the tax reform proposal before Congress after it resumed operations on September 5, and Mnuchin added that "lowering the top [earners'] rate [would be offset by] elimination of huge deductions. So, for most people in the top rate, they're not going to get a tax cut." <mask> walked back the "Mnuchin Rule" in a September 2017 interview with CNN prior to the release of the proposed tax reforms, saying the "no absolute tax cut for the upper class" phrase "was never a promise... never a pledge... it was what the president's objective was". Under the tax reform proposal, the top tax rate would decline from 39.6 to 35 percent, and the budget deficit would likely increase. During an appearance at the Milken Institute Global Conference on May 1, 2017, <mask> said the White House and House Republicans were united in views on tax reductions: "We're all on the same page.On 80% of the details, we're in agreement. Another 20%, we need to work through." During a conference in Ottawa on June 9, <mask> said government tax receipts were "coming in somewhat lower", but that this did not concern the administration. While appearing on ABC News on July 9, <mask> confirmed the administration was not considering a tax increase on the American upper class and the upcoming


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 tax plan would finance itself. <mask> advocated for the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, a bill expected to add $1.5 trillion to the deficit. <mask> claimed the bill would pay for itself by causing explosive economic growth; he promised the treasury was working on an analysis that showed that, and that the analysis would be made public before Congress voted on the legislation. However, on November 30, 2017, sources within the Treasury department said <mask> had ordered no analysis of the tax plan and that there was no Treasury analysis that showed that the tax cuts would pay for themselves.In December 2017, the treasury released a one-page report on the tax plan which acknowledged that the plan would not pay for itself through economic growth. In May 2018, <mask> instructed his staff to accept a non-low-income tract in Storey County, Nevada, as an Opportunity Zone shortly after attending a Milken Institute event in Beverly Hills with Michael Milken. Milken was already an investor in the Nevada tract. In August 2018, <mask> attended a Milkin Institute conference on "opportunity zones" in the Hamptons with Milken and later accepted a flight to Los Angeles with Milken on his private jet. Treasury later issued a regulatory guidance that allows prior investors to benefit from newly designated "opportunity zones". International relations

At a March 18, 2017, meeting of G-20 country finance ministers, <mask> supported the Trump administration's trade policy of economic protectionism. During an April 24, 2017, White House briefing, <mask> announced Department of Treasury sanctions against the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Center.He said the sanctions were designed to create accountability for the Bashar al-Assad regime and its supporters

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 in the wake of their violations both of U.N. Security Council resolutions and of the Chemical Weapons Convention. On June 29, <mask> announced the Bank of Dandong, a Chinese bank, had sanctions imposed on it by the U.S. He charged the bank with acting "as a gateway for North Korea to access the U.S. and international financial systems". On March 15, 2018, <mask> unveiled a series of sanctions, first time under CAATSA as well as Executive Order 13694, against various Russian entities and individuals. Beginning in November 2019, <mask> facilitated negotiations between the governments of Egypt, Ethiopia, and Sudan with respect to the filling and operation of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam after tripartite negotiations between the three countries languished after eight years of talks. Egypt has opposed the dam, fearing that it will reduce the amount of water it receives from the Nile. In February 2020, <mask> stated that "final testing and filling should not take place without an agreement."Ethiopian Foreign Minister Gedu Andargachew said <mask>'s advice to Ethiopia was "ill-advised". Support for President Trump
While briefing reporters on April 26, <mask> said President Trump "has no intention" to release his tax returns, asserting that Trump "has released plenty of information". In the August 2017 Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, opposing the removal of Confederate statues, protesters included neo-Nazis and Klansmen, leading to violent conflicts. President Trump said there was "blame on both sides". Several hundred of <mask>'s Yale classmates drafted a letter urging him to resign from the administration in protest. <mask> responded by saying: "While I find it hard to believe I should have to defend myself on this, or


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 the president, I feel compelled to let you know that the president in no way, shape, or form, believes that neo-Nazi and other hate groups who endorse violence are equivalent to groups that demonstrate in peaceful and lawful ways." On September 24, <mask> appeared on This Week and State of the Union to defend Trump's call to "get that son of a bitch off the field right now", referring to the protests by professional athletes starting in 2016, most notably marked by Colin Kaepernick kneeling during the pregame singing of the national anthem.<mask> said: "...it's not about race, it's not about free speech. They can do free speech on their own time.... [T]his is about respect for the military and first responders in the country." Comments on Lego Batman movie
In March 2017, <mask> drew ethics concerns as regarding a statement he had made urging parents to "send all your kids to LEGO Batman" during an interview with Axios, apparently endorsing The Lego Batman Movie which he was an executive producer of. Just earlier in the interview, <mask> acknowledged: "I'm not allowed to promote anything that I'm involved in." In response, <mask> wrote in a letter to Walter Shaub at the Office of Government Ethics (OGE) that he "should not have made that statement", and assured the OGE that "it was not my intention to make a product endorsement". Divestment from prior businesses
In May 2017, it was reported that <mask>'s fiancée, Louise Linton, had succeeded him as the interim CEO of Dune Entertainment effective February 2017. <mask> had stepped down from the role as part of his ethics agreement to divest his business roles in preparation for his appointment as Secretary of the Treasury.Linton's announcement of her role at Dune Entertainment drew the


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 attention of Senator Ron Wyden [D-Oregon], a member of the Senate Finance Committee, who questioned whether the appointment of Linton meant <mask> had fully divested from the company. Although the Department of the Treasury replied that she was serving in an uncompensated capacity, Linton resigned as interim CEO later in May. Use of government aircraft

Following criticism of his use of a United States Air Force jet on a trip to Kentucky that involved viewing the solar eclipse, the Treasury Department's Office of the Inspector General (OIG) opened up an inquiry into <mask>'s use of government aircraft. The watchdog group Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (CREW) filed a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request regarding <mask>'s use of government aircraft. After the government failed to respond to the FOIA request, CREW sued the Department of the Treasury to release the documents. <mask> denied the trip was related to viewing the solar eclipse, saying: "People in Kentucky took [the solar eclipse] very seriously. Being a New Yorker, I don't have any interest in watching the eclipse."<mask>, who was accompanied by his wife Louise Linton on the trip, reimbursed the government for Linton's travel to Kentucky, which amounted to $595 out of a total cost of $26,900. During the OIG's investigation into <mask>'s use of government aircraft, it was revealed that <mask> had requested a military jet for his honeymoon travel to Europe in June 2017. <mask> stated that, as a member of the United States National Security Council, he needed access to secure communications during his honeymoon, but withdrew his request for the military jet after an alternative was identified. <mask> stated: "I'm very sensitive to the use of government


texts: funds. I've never asked the government to pay for my personal travel... The story [regarding the honeymoon travel request] was quite misreported." The OIG investigation also showed <mask> had taken a USAF C-37A, the military designation of the Gulfstream V, to return from New York to Washington on August 15 after flying to New York commercially.Although the request for travel on the military jet was initiated by <mask>'s office, the aircraft had previously been used to fly Transportation Secretary Elaine Chao from Joint Base Andrews to Teterboro Airport. <mask>'s return flight lasted less than an hour and had an operating cost of at least $25,000. The OIG released its report on October 4, 2017, concluding that there was "no violation of law in these requests and uses" of government aircraft by Mnuchin, but also expressing concern regarding "a disconnect between the standard of proof called for in the Daley memo and the actual amount of proof provided by Treasury and accepted by the White House in justifying these trip requests". The referenced Daley Memo was issued by then-White House Chief of Staff William M. Daley on April 4, 2011, and it stated the standards for use of government aircraft by senior executive branch officials were given in OMB Circular A-126, dated February 10, 1993. The Daley Memo also states that travel using military aircraft must be considered a White House Support Mission, taken at the specific direction of the President under one of a set of limited circumstances that "make commercial transportation unacceptable". The typical reimbursement paid by requesting federal executive agencies covers only the cost of an equivalent coach ticket on a commercial flight. In the report, the OIG reviewed nine travel requests by

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 <mask> for military air transportation since March 2017, of which seven were approved and taken, one was withdrawn, and one was approved with travel pending in late October 2017.The total cost of the seven trips taken was $811,800, calculated from per-hour cost and operating hours for the specific aircraft, or Air Force-provided direct costs of operations. Two of the flights, taken to Europe in March and May 2017, each cost more than $300,000. On one flight, to Ottawa in June, <mask> was accompanied by his then-fiancée Linton. The total cost of the Ottawa trip was $16,350, and the reimbursement repaid for Linton's cost of travel was $744. Due to an inconsistency in the records provided for the trip to New York on August 15, the OIG opened a second inquiry in October 2017, "to assure that [the OIG] have in fact received all relevant records". Student heckling incident
<mask> spoke at UCLA on February 26, 2018, where he was heckled and initially blocked the video from being released. The university said in a statement that <mask>, who at first "subsequently withdrew" his approval for the video to be posted online, later gave consent for the video to be published.Personal life
<mask>'s mother was a long-time investor with Bernie Madoff. After his mother died in early 2005, <mask> and his brother liquidated her investments, making $3.2 million. A Madoff trustee sued to retrieve the money from the Mnuchins, but a court ruled that the Madoff trust could recoup money only from those who had cashed out less than two years before the December 2008 collapse of Madoff's company. Marriages

From 1992 to 1999, <mask> was married to Kathryn Leigh McCarver. In 1999, <mask> married Heather deForest Crosby, and they had three children together. <mask> was

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 active in philanthropy and AZIAM yoga. After he bought IndyMac, <mask> moved to a , $26.5 million house in Bel Air, Los Angeles, California, because the company's headquarters was in Pasadena.They divorced in 2014. <mask> married actress Louise Linton on June 24, 2017. Vice President Mike Pence presided over the ceremony. Non-profit work
<mask> served as a member of the development board of Yale University, as a board member of the Riverdale Country School, as a member of the national board and senior member of the non-profit youth organization Junior Achievement, to which he had donated money, and as a board member of the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden. See also
 List of people and organizations named in the Paradise Papers

References

External links

 Secretary of the Treasury <mask><mask>

1962 births
20th-century American businesspeople
21st-century American businesspeople
21st-century American politicians
American bankers
American film producers
American hedge fund managers
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
Goldman Sachs people
Living people
Politicians from New York City
Trump administration cabinet members
United States Secretaries of the Treasury
Jewish American members of the Cabinet of the United States
Yale University alumni
Riverdale Country School alumni
People named in the Paradise

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<mask> (also known as S. A<mask>; born 1978) is an American film director, producer and writer, best known for having directed, produced, filmed and edited the film Kill Your Idols, a documentary examining three decades of New York art punk bands. Film career
<mask>'s debut film, Kill Your Idols, features such noted no wave and art punk bands as Sonic Youth, Swans, DNA, Teenage Jesus and the Jerks, Suicide, Black Dice, Gogol Bordello, Yeah Yeah Yeahs, Liars, among others. The film received the award for Best Documentary at the 2004 Tribeca Film Festival and was subsequently screened at over 50 international film festivals, before being released theatrically in 2006. It was acquired for distribution in North America by Palm Pictures, in Europe by Minerva Pictures/RARO Video, and in Japan by Uplink. Kill Your Idols was also acquired for television by Showtime and Sundance Channel. <mask> served on the jury of the 2005 Tribeca Film Festival alongside Alan Cumming, Whoopi Goldberg, Darren Arronofsky, Tom Wolfe, Damon Dash, and others. In 2005, Nokia commissioned <mask> to direct the short film Perdu Dans La Ville, shot entirely on Nokia 6682 Imaging Smartphones.In 2007, <mask> directed the music video for the song "Story Goes First" by the Israeli band Katamine. The video starred Kurt Feldman of the indie pop band The Pains of Being Pure at Heart. In May 2008, <mask>'s film, Kill Your Idols, was named on Black Book Magazine's list of 'Iconic and Influential Music Documentaries', alongside such films as Dig!, I Am Trying to Break Your Heart: A Film About Wilco, 1991: The Year Punk Broke, Meeting People Is

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texts: Easy, and The Devil and Daniel Johnston. In May 2011, the film was also included on Nylon Magazine's list of 'Top Music Documentaries'. <mask> produced the 2010 documentary film William S. Burroughs: A Man Within, featuring Iggy Pop, John Waters, Patti Smith, Gus Van Sant, David Cronenberg, Jello Biafra, John Giorno, Genesis P-Orridge, Laurie Anderson, and others. William S. Burroughs: A Man Within premiered at the 2010 Slamdance Film Festival and was acquired for distribution in North America by Oscilloscope Laboratories, in Australia by Madman Entertainment, in Germany by Neue Visionen, and in France by Arte. In 2011, <mask> produced an episode of the PBS series Independent Lens, hosted by America Ferrara.In 2013, <mask>'s film, Kill Your Idols, was included in the permanent archives of The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. <mask> served as a producer on the 2017 film Queercore: How to Punk a Revolution, a feature documentary on Queercore directed by Yony Leyser. The film features interviews with Bruce LaBruce, Kathleen Hanna, Kim Gordon, Rick Castro, John Waters, Peaches, Dennis Cooper, and others. Queercore: How to Punk a Revolution premiered at Sheffield Doc/Fest on June 12, 2017 and was acquired for television by Arte in France and by ZDF in Germany. It was announced on February 9, 2018, that all U.S. rights for the film had been acquired by distributor Altered Innocence. It was released theatrically on September 23, 2018, and on DVD, Blu-ray and VOD on January 8, 2019. In 2018, <mask> produced Fire Music, a feature documentary on free jazz, directed by Tom Surgal and featuring Cecil Taylor, Ornette

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 Coleman, Prince Lasha, Carla Bley, Bobby Bradford, Sonny Simmons, and others.Fire Music premiered at the 56th New York Film Festival on September 29, 2018. On January 3, 2019, <mask> was announced as producer of an upcoming feature documentary on Jeffrey Lee Pierce and his band The Gun Club. The film, entitled Elvis From Hell, will feature original interviews with Nick Cave, Debbie Harry, Mick Harvey, Jim Jarmusch, Mark Lanegan, Moby, Kid Congo Powers, Jack White, and others. Other works

Advertising
In addition to his film work, <mask> has been involved extensively in advertising as well, working with companies such as Nokia, Mazda, Guitar Center, Bacardi, Ray-Ban, The Contrarian Media, Apple, Seagram's Gin and others. Art

<mask> has been exhibited at numerous museums and art institutions internationally. His work has been presented at the Centre de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona, the Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal, the Zeitgeist Multi-Disciplinary Arts Center in New Orleans, the Pera Museum in Istanbul, and London's Institute of Contemporary Arts. In 2005, Sight & Sound's Stephen Dalton characterized <mask>'s experimental video pieces as "short meditative loops" that "often deliver a kōan-like punchline."Books
In 2013, <mask> announced he had begun authoring "a book of illustrated short stories" called Children Remember. The title of the book is an allusion to the song of the same name by the band Circus Mort, which was fronted by Michael Gira who later formed Swans, a band featured in <mask>'s film Kill Your Idols. On April 16, 2015, <mask> previewed selections from a forthcoming

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 conceptual photo book which depicts the former New York City residences of celebrated creative personalities, such as Jean-Michel Basquiat, William S. Burroughs, Diane Arbus, Bob Dylan, J.D. Salinger, Mark Rothko, Nico, and others. Music
Although more significantly known for his subsequent film work, <mask> at first came to public attention in the mid to late 1990s as a hip-hop turntabilist, mixtape deejay and occasional producer, using the stage name DJ S.T.R.E.S.S. During this time, he performed as a supporting act on tours for such artists as De La Soul, Jungle Brothers, Smif-n-Wessun, Heltah Skeltah, and Chuck D of Public Enemy. He also released a number of self-produced mixtapes, which are notable for featuring some of the earliest appearances of artists like El-P, Mos Def, and Eminem, as well as original freestyles by The Roots, KRS-One, and Jeru The Damaja.As a member of the Universal Zulu Nation and an affiliate of the Native Tongues, <mask> was associated with the consciousness movement in hip-hop. Influence
In 2006, the Belgian graphic design agency Kidnap Your Designer chose its name as a reference to <mask>'s film Kill Your Idols. Footage of <mask>'s film Kill Your Idols was incorporated into the music video for the song "Window In The Skies" by the band U2. In the 2011 novel Απόψε θα χιονίσει, θα το δεις, Greek author Daphne Manousou based the character of Edd on <mask>. In 2012, a bar named Kill Your Idol (in homage to Kill Your Idols) opened in Miami's South Beach neighborhood, promoting itself as "a throw back to the emerging No Wave movement of the late 70s." A framed poster of


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 <mask>'s film hangs over the bar there. In April 2012, artist Seth Kim-Cohen used <mask>'s film Kill Your Idols as a basis for his solo exhibition, Tomorrow Is The Question?Is the Question!, at the Audio Visual Arts (AVA) Gallery in New York. Lydia Lunch credited <mask> as the inspiration for her 2012-2013 "Retro/Virus" concert tour. In 2013, <mask> was included in the books Resonances: Noise and Contemporary Music, published by Bloomsbury Publishing, and The Music Documentary: Acid Rock to Electropop, published by Routledge. <mask> was included in the 2014 book Fight Back: Punk, Politics and Resistance, published by Manchester University Press. In 2015, <mask> was included in the book Tranquillo, non importa, published in Italy by Edizioni Sette Città. In 2016, <mask> was included in the book Downtown Manhattan 78-82: De la No Wave aux Dancefloors, published in France by Le Texte Vivant. In February 2016, Norwegian band Karokh premiered the song "Boogies", inspired by <mask>'s film Kill Your Idols.In 2017, <mask> was included in the book Culturcide and Non-Identity across American Culture, published by Rowman & Littlefield. In 2020, <mask> was included in Jonathan Rhodes Lee's book Film Music in the Sound Era, published by Routledge. Personal life
<mask> lives in the Brooklyn Heights neighborhood of New York City. He has a dog named Kafka, after the author Franz Kafka. Family
<mask> is the great-great-great-great-grandson of 19th century poet and abolitionist Oringe <mask>. He is also cousin to geophysicist and Arctic explorer Albert Paddock <mask>, the first person to have set foot on both the North

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<mask> (born 18 August 1973) is an Australian politician, businesswoman and activist. She is currently a Senator for Victoria, representing the Australian Greens, and is also the first Aboriginal Senator from Victoria. She is a Gunnai-Gunditjmara woman. <mask> has also previously been a member of the Victorian Parliament. In winning the Northcote state by-election on 18 November 2017 she became the first Aboriginal woman elected to the state Parliament. She served as the member for the division of Northcote in the Legislative Assembly from 2017 to 2018. Early career
<mask> was the chair of the Victorian NAIDOC Committee.<mask> has also worked as the Aboriginal employment adviser for the Municipal Association of Victoria, was president of the Lakes Entrance Basketball Association for three years, school council member of the Nowa Nowa Primary School, a steering committee member for Indigenous Administrators, a member of Community of Practice, a member of the Institute of Public Administration Australia (Victoria), and a project manager with the East Gippsland Shire Council, where she addressed disadvantage in Lakes Entrance through the Advancing Country Towns Project. In 2013 <mask> was declared bankrupt, with over $700,000 in debts, including monies owed to Indigenous Business Australia,
and $55,000 owed to the Australian Taxation Office. She said that her bankruptcy resulted from domestic violence, stating "like many survivors of family violence, I ended up losing everything in a bid to protect myself and my family from an impossible situation". <mask>'s grandmother, <mask>, was one of the founders of the Victorian Aboriginal Health Service. Political career

Victorian Legislative Assembly

<mask> won the seat of Northcote at the 2017 by-election after receiving 45.22% of the primary vote, giving her a winning distribution of 50.93%, 11% more than the Labor candidate. <mask> was sworn in as a member of parliament on 28 November 2017 and she delivered her first speech to the Assembly the following day. <mask> was the Australian Greens Victoria portfolio holder for

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 Aboriginal Justice, Consumer Affairs, Skills and Training, Sport and Mental Health.In May 2018 <mask> organised a historic gathering of Aboriginal Elders in the parliament of Victoria to discuss the state's treaty processes. The meeting was organised as part of <mask>'s campaign to implement clan-based treaties, which would recognise the approximately 100 Aboriginal clans in Victoria. At the time <mask> said "Our sovereignty and each of our language groups and our Clans must be clearly recognised in the government's treaty advancement legislation." The delegation of Clan Elders unanimously agreed to form an Elders' Council. <mask> supported the Victorian government's 2018 Treaty bill, but stated that she would continue to push for clan sovereignty to be recognised as the Treaty process advances. <mask> lost her seat to Labor candidate Kat Theophanous at the 2018 Victorian state election. She told ABC Radio Melbourne that "We need to have a good look at ourselves and have a review of what this election has done to our party, losing quite a considerable amount of Greens members".She said Labor ran a "dirty campaign" against her but conceded that negative coverage due to internal scandals had also contributed to her defeat. Senate

In June 2020 <mask> was preselected by Victorian Greens members to fill the federal Senate vacancy caused by former leader Richard Di Natale's resignation. She was appointed to the vacancy at a joint sitting of the Victorian Parliament on 4 September, and was sworn in on 6 October 2020. She is the first Aboriginal woman to represent Victoria in the Senate and is the first Aboriginal federal parliamentarian from the Greens. In a speech to Parliament in May 2021, <mask> alluded that the Attorney-General of the Northern Territory was a white male, when the Attorney-General, Selena Uibo, was an Indigenous woman. In December 2021, <mask> <mask> was accused of telling Liberal Senator Hollie Hughes “at least I keep my legs shut” during a Parliamentary session. The Senate had been debating the National Disability Insurance Scheme, and Hughes

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 alleged that <mask> made the comment in reference to her autistic son.Colleagues of Hughes said that she was left in tears. <mask> apologised unreservedly, on the same day, and denied any reference to Hughes's son. Activism

<mask> is a leader of the Pay the Rent campaign, which calls on non-Aboriginal Australians to voluntarily pay reparations on an individual basis through an organisation of the same name. She is the facilitator of the organisation's emerging Sovereign Body component, which is "based on the notion of community-control and Sovereignty and will have complete authority over how the monies are spent". <mask> has been critical of the Uluru Statement from the Heart, believing there should be a treaty before an Indigenous voice to government. <mask> led a walk-out of the Uluru convention, believing that it was "hijacked by Aboriginal corporations and establishment appointments and did not reflect the aspirations of ordinary Indigenous people". On 26 January 2019, an inaugural dawn service organised by <mask> was held at the Kings Domain Resting Place as a day of mourning and reflection of the colonisation of Australia with Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people in attendance for the ceremony.The dawn service has become an annual event in Melbourne. Personal life
<mask> has three children and first became a mother at the age of 17. She also has two granddaughters. <mask> shares care of her youngest child with her ex-husband who has "worked to 'turn his life around and to be a good dad to our daughter'". References

External links

IndigenousX
Fellowship for Indigenous Leadership

1973 births
Living people
Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
Australian Greens members of the Parliament of Victoria
Women members of the Australian Senate
Members of the Australian Senate
Members of the Australian Senate for Victoria
Indigenous Australian politicians
21st-century Australian politicians
Australian indigenous rights activists
Women human rights activists
Women members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
Australian Greens members of the Parliament of

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<mask> (1966, Boston) is an artist and sculptor, primarily known for his work with glass blowing and assemblages of glass and mirrored glassed objects (see Glass art). He is a 2006 recipient of the MacArthur Fellows Program. He lives and works in New York City. Early life and education
<mask> grew up in Brookline, Massachusetts. McElheny went on to receive his BFA from the Rhode Island School of Design in 1988. As part of that program, he trained under master glassblower Ronald Wilkins. After graduating, he was an apprentice to master glassblowers Jan-Erik Ritzman, Sven-Ake Caarlson and Lino Tagliapietra.Career
In earlier works McElheny played with notions of history and fiction. Examples of this are works that recreate Renaissance glass objects pictured in Renaissance paintings and modern (but lost) glass objects from documentary photographs (such as works by Adolf Loos). He draws from a range of disciplines like architecture, physics, and literature, among others, and he works in a variety of media. McElheny has mentioned the influence of the writings of Jorge Luis Borges in his work. His work has also been influenced by the work of the American abstract artist Donald Judd. McElheny has also expressed interest in glassblowing as part of an oral tradition handed down generation to

masks:
Josiah McElheny
McElheny


texts:
 generation. He has used the infinity mirror visual effect in his explorations of apparently infinite space.His work also sometimes deals with issues of museological displays. One of the artist's ongoing projects is "An End to Modernity" (2005), commissioned by the Wexner Center for the Arts at Ohio State University. The piece is a twelve-foot-wide by ten-foot-high chandelier of chrome and transparent glass modeled on the 1960s Lobmeyr design for the chandeliers found in Lincoln Center, and evoking as well the Big Bang theory. "The End of the Dark Ages," again inspired by the Metropolitan Opera House chandeliers and informed by logarithmic equations devised by the cosmologist David H. Weinberg was shown in New York City in 2008. Later that year, the series culminated in a massive installation titled "Island Universe" at White Cube in London and in Madrid. In 2019 the installation was exhibited at Stanford University's Cantor Center for the Arts. Skira Rizzoli International, 2010. .The Light Club: On Paul Scheerbart's 'The Light Club of Batavia'. University of Chicago Press, 2010. .

References

American sculptors
Minimalist artists
1966 births
Living people
MacArthur Fellows
Glass artists
Rhode Island School of Design alumni
Recipients of the Rakow Commission
People from Brookline,


texts:
<mask> (born March 20, 1953 in Rosario, Argentina) is an Argentine novelist, short story writer and poet, and Professor in the Creative Writing Program, Department of English, at Chapman University in Southern California. <mask> has published seven novels, a collection of short stories and three books of poetry. She has also edited two anthologies and wrote a book in collaboration with other authors, former political prisoners from the last Argentine military dictatorship in her country. Life
<mask> was born in Rosario, Santa Fe to a father of Lebanese Christian background and a mother of Syrian Jewish origin. She studied philosophy and literature at the University of Rosario from 1973 to 1975, and at the University of Buenos Aires from 1985 to 1987. Her studies were interrupted from September 1975 until December 1978 while she was detained as a political prisoner during Argentina's most recent military dictatorship. After her release, she continued to suffer constant repression and persecution, and was forced to go into exile in 1980, first in California, and later in Mexico.During her exile, she published works in Mexico and California and wrote her first novel, El séptimo sueño (The Seventh Dream), a manuscript she decided not to publish. She returned to Argentina in 1984, after the Falklands War and the return of democratic elections to her country. In 1987, the Editorial Contrapunto, in Buenos Aires, published her second novel, Pasos bajo el agua (Steps Under Water), a fictionalized account of her experiences as a political prisoner and an exile. Many other

masks:
Alicia Kozameh
Kozameh
Alicia Kozameh


texts: articles and stories were published in newspapers and cultural magazines in Buenos Aires during that period, as well as reviews of Pasos bajo el agua, which sold out in six months. In Buenos Aires, she completed a screenplay based on her novel Steps Under Water. The English translation of Pasos bajo el agua (Steps Under Water) was published by University of California Press in 1996. The novel has been included in course syllabi of numerous university classes in the United States.The German version of this novel, Schritte unter Wasser, was published by Milena Verlag Editions, Vienna, in 1999. As a consequence of the publication of Pasos bajo el agua in 1987, <mask> was threatened by members of the Argentine political police. She returned to California for her family's safety in 1988. Since then, she has been invited by Amnesty International to participate in panel discussions and speak at conferences about her literary works and experiences as a political prisoner. Her third novel is Patas de Avestruz (Ostrich Legs), from which several chapters have been published in different literary magazines and anthologies. Straussenbeine, a German translation of the novel, was published by Milena Verlag in 1997, and the English translation was published by WingsPress, Texas, in 2013. Her novel 259 saltos, uno inmortal, a reflection about exile, was published by Narvaja Publishers, Argentina, in November 2001, and a second edition was published by Alción Editora in 2012.Its English version, 259 Leaps, the Last Immortal, has come out in the fall of 2006 by WingsPress, Texas.


texts:
 Alción Editora, Córdoba, Argentina, published a new edition of Pasos bajo el agua in November 2002. In 2003 Alción also published the Spanish version of Patas de avestruz, and in July 2004 Ofrenda de propia piel, a collection of short stories, came out by the same publishing house. In 2009 Alción published her book of poetry Mano en vuelo. In August 2005 and 2006 the anthologies Caleidoscopio: la mujer en la mira and Caleidoscopio 2: inmigrantes en la mira were published by the Instituto Movilizador de Fondos Cooperativos, Buenos Aires. Her most recent works include the novels Basse danse (2007), Natatio aeterna (2011), Eni Furtado no ha dejado de correr (2013) and Bruno regresa descalzo (2016). <mask>'s works have been widely anthologized.She is frequently invited to give readings and lectures at literary conferences and at special presentations organized by Departments of Languages and Literature throughout the United States, Latin America, and Europe. She is an active participant of such organizations as Latin American Studies Association (LASA). <mask> lives in Los Angeles, where she continues writing, while teaching creative writing at Chapman University. Awards
One of the chapters from the book, "Carta a Aubervillieres," ("Letter to Aubervillieres"), received the "CRISIS" award for best short story in 1986. She also received the Memoria histórica de las mujeres en América Latina y el Caribe 2000 literary award for her short story "Winds of Perpendicular Rotation." Works

Novels
 Pasos bajo el agua, Buenos Aires: Contrapunto 1987. 259 saltos, uno inmortal,

masks:
Kozameh
Alicia Kozameh


texts:
 Córdoba: Narvaja 2001.Patas de avestruz, Córdoba: Alción 2003. German: Straußenbeine. Roman. Übersetzt aus dem argentinischen Spanisch von Erna Pfeiffer. Wien: Milena Verlag, 1997. Basse danse. Córdoba: Alción 2007.Natatio aeterna. Córdoba (Argentina): Alción Editora, 2011. Eni Furtado no ha dejado de correr. Córdoba (Argentina): Alción Editora, 2013. Bruno regresa descalzo. Córdoba (Argentina): Alción Editora, 2016. Short stories
 Ofrenda de propia piel, Córdoba: Alción 2004."Alcira in Yellows", in: Agosín, Marjorie / Horan, Elizabeth Rosa (eds. ): The House of Memory: Stories by Jewish Women Writers of Latin America. The Feminist Press at The City University of New York, New York, 1999, pp. 153–161. "Impression of Heights", translated by Andrea G. Labinger, in: Díaz, Gwendolyn (ed. ): Women and Power: A Critical Anthology of Contemporary Argentine Women Authors. Austin (Texas): University of Texas Press, April 2007 (forthcoming).Poems
 Mano en vuelo, Córdoba: Alción 2009. Sal de sangres en guerra, Córdoba: Alción 2018. Sal de sangres en declive, Córdoba: Alción 2019. Sal de sangres en pánico, Córdoba: Alción 2020. Sal de sangres en incendio, Córdoba: Alción 2020. Sal de sangres en sangre, Córdoba: Alción 2021. Works in collaboration
 Nosotras, presas políticas.Obra colectiva de 112 prisioneras políticas entre 1974 y 1983. <mask>, Blanca Becher, Mirta Clara, Silvia Echarte, Viviana Beguán, Nora Hilb et al. Prólogo: Inés Izaguirre. Buenos Aires: Editorial Nuestra América, 2006. Editor of
 Caleidoscopio. La mujer en la mira. Selección y prólogo de <mask>.Buenos

masks:
Alicia Kozameh
Alicia Kozameh


texts:
 Aires: Instituto Movilizador de Fondos Cooperativos (Colección Desde la gente), 2005. Caleidoscopio 2. Inmigrantes en la mira. Selección de textos, entrevistas y prólogo de <mask>. Buenos Aires: Instituto Movilizador de Fondos Cooperativos (Colección Desde la gente), 2006. Translated Work

English
 Steps under Water. Translated by David E. Davis.Foreword by Saúl Sosnowski. Berkeley / Los Angeles / London: University of California Press, 1996. (= Pasos bajo el agua)
 259 Leaps, the Last Immortal. Translated from the Spanish by Clare E. Sullivan, Introduction by Gwendolyn Díaz. San Antonio, Texas: Wings Press, 2006. (= 259 Saltos, uno inmortal)
 Ostrich Legs. A Novel by <mask>.Translated from the Spanish by David E. Davis. San Antonio, TX: Wings Press, 2013 (= Patas de avestruz)
 Eni Furtado Has Never Stopped Running. Andrea Labinger, trans. San Antonio, TX: Wings Press, 2014 (= Eni Furtado no ha dejado de correr)

French
 Main en vol. Traduit de l’espagnol (Argentine) par Anne-Claire Huby. Lyon, France: L’atelier du tilde, 2011. (= Mano en vuelo).Esquisse des hauteurs (Récit). Traduit de l’espagnol (Argentine) par Anne-Claire Huby. Lyon, France: L’atelier du tilde, 2011. (= „Bosquejo de alturas“)
 259 sauts, un immortel. Traduit de l’espagnol (Argentine) par Anne-Claire Huby. Lyon: Zinnia Éditions, 2013 (= 259 saltos, uno inmortal)
 La peau même en offrande. Traduit de l’espagnol (Argentine) par Anne-Claire Huby.Lyon: Zinnia Éditions, 2013 (= Ofrenda de propia piel)
 Pattes d’autruche. Traduit de l’espagnol (Argentine) par Anne-Claire Huby. Lyon: Zinnia


texts:
 Éditions, 2014 (= Patas de avestruz)

German
 Straußenbeine. Roman. Aus dem argentinischen Spanisch von Erna Pfeiffer. Wien: Milena Verlag, 1997. (= Patas de avestruz)
 Schritte unter Wasser.Roman. Aus dem argentinischen Spanisch von Erna Pfeiffer, mit einem Nachwort von Saúl Sosnowski. Wien: Milena Verlag, 1999. (= Pasos bajo el agua)
 259 Sprünge (Salto Immortale inbegriffen). Aus dem argentinischen Spanisch von Erna Pfeiffer. Wien: Löcker Verlag, 2017. (= 259 saltos, uno inmortal)

Italian
 Passi sotto l’acqua.Brunilde Scalabrini, trad. Postfazione di Emilia Perassi. Milán: et al./EDIZIONI, 2013 (= Pasos bajo el agua). References
 Dagas. Los cuadernos de la cárcel de <mask>eh. Poitiers: CRLA, Archivos de Literatura Latinoamericana, Université de Poitiers, 2014 (Los cuadernos de la Colección Archivos, 1)
 Edith Dimo (ed. ): Escribir una generación: la palabra de <mask>eh.Córdoba: Alción, 2005, . (Spanish)
 Erna Pfeiffer: Exiliadas, emigrantes, viajeras. Encuentros con diez escritoras latinoamericanas. Frankfurt/Madrid: Vervuert/Iberoamericana 1995, ;  (Spanish)
 Portela, M. Edurne: Displaced Memories: The Poetics of Trauma in Argentine Women's Writing. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press, 2009,
 Erna Pfeiffer (ed. ): <mask>: Ética, estética y las acrobacias de la palabra escrita. Pittsburgh, PA: IILI, 2013 (= Serie Antonio Cornejo Polar, 8).External links
   Literatura Argentina Contemporánea
  Memoria y resistencia de los presos políticos

1953 births
Living people
Jewish Argentine writers
Jewish women writers
Argentine women novelists
Argentine

masks:
Alicia Kozam
Alicia Kozam
Alicia Kozameh


texts:
 prisoners and detainees
Argentine women poets
Chapman University faculty
People from Rosario, Santa Fe
Torture victims of the Dirty War
20th-century Argentine novelists
Argentine people of Lebanese descent
Argentine people of Syrian-Jewish descent
20th-century Argentine women writers
20th-century Argentine writers
21st-century Argentine novelists
21st-century Argentine women writers
21st-century Argentine


texts:
<mask>v (; 28 August 1898–10 December 1972) was a Soviet Army lieutenant general who held field army command during World War II. Early life, World War I, and Russian Civil War
<mask>v was born on 28 August 1898 in the village of Seleznevo, Kopninskoy volost, Pereslavl-Zalessky Uyezd, Vladimir Governorate. He studied at the Petrovskoy Teacher Seminary from October 1913 to January 1917. During World War I, Malyshev entered the Alexandrovskоye Military School as a junker on 4 February 1917, taking a course in the special machine-gun section of the school. On 17 March he took the oath of allegiance to the Russian Provisional Government, and on 26 May he received the rank of unter-ofitser. After graduating from the school, Malyshev was promoted to praporshchik with seniority on 1 June and placed on the rolls of the 197th Reserve Infantry Regiment as a junior officer of the 14th company. In August he was sent to the Northwestern Front, where he served as chief of the machine gun detachment of the 480th Danilovsky Infantry Regiment of the 120th Infantry Division.Demobilized, Malyshev began work as an assistant ticket clerk at the Berendeyevo station of the Yaroslavl railway in February 1918. During the Russian Civil War, Malyshev joined the Red Army in March 1919 and was sent to the 7th Rifle Division, with which he served as chief of the machine gun detachment of the 30th and 58th Rifle Regiments. The division was sent to the Eastern Front with the 2nd Army, fighting against the forces of Kolchak in battles in the Votkinsk area and in the capture of Votkinsk and Izhevsk. In the summer of 1919 the division was sent to the Southern Front, where it fought in battles against

masks:
Pyotr Fyodorovich Malyshe
Pyotr Fyodorovich Malyshe


texts:
 the Armed Forces of South Russia in the area of Oboyan and Sudzha. In the fall the division fought in the Orel–Kursk operation and the capture of Dmitrovsk, and in January 1920 in the suppression of anti-Soviet resistance in the area of Glukhov, Putivyl, and Konotop. In April Malyshev was appointed assistant commander for personnel of the 58th Rifle Regiment, fighting in the Polish–Soviet War on the Western Front, then in the suppression of the forces of Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz in the area of Ovruch and the Makhnovists in Poltava Governorate. For distinguishing himself in battle, Malyshev was awarded the Order of the Red Banner in May 1920.Interwar period
After the end of the war, Malyshev continued to serve with the 7th Rifle Division of the Ukrainian Military District at Chernigov and Nezhin as assistant commander for personnel of the 58th Rifle Regiment, battalion commander in the 20th Rifle Regiment, chief of the divisional school for junior commanders, from October 1924 as assistant chief of the operations section of the division staff, from April 1926 as assistant commander for logistical support of the 19th Rifle Regiment, and from October 1927 as chief of the operations section of the division staff. During this period, Malyshev completed the Vystrel course between August 1922 and September 1923, and together with the division fought in the suppression of anti-Soviet forces in Ukraine during 1926 and 1927. In August 1929 he returned to the Vystrel course and upon graduation in May 1930 returned to the division, now in the Volga Military District. Malyshev served as chief of staff of the division until April 1931, when he transferred to the 34th Rifle


texts:
 Division as its assistant chief of staff. In March 1934 he was appointed commander of the 210th Rifle Regiment of the 70th Rifle Division, and graduated from the correspondence department of the Frunze Military Academy in 1935. Malyshev was arrested in June 1937 during the Great Purge, dismissed from the army, and placed under investigation. He was released in February 1940, reinstated in the army and placed at the disposal of the Red Army Personnel Directorate while awaiting assignment.In April he was appointed deputy commander of the 64th Rifle Division of the Kalinin Military District, which was transferred to the Western Special Military District. In early June 1941 he transferred to command the 3rd Reserve Rifle Brigade at Smolensk. World War II
After Operation Barbarossa began on 22 June, Malyshev continued to command the brigade. On 13 July he was appointed commander of the 64th Rifle Division, but did not take command of the unit and was tasked with defending the city of Smolensk as head of the city garrison. After the city fell to the German advance, Malyshev was arrested and placed under investigation until March 1942, when he was released for lack of evidence and placed at the disposal of the Military Council of the Western Front. Malyshev was appointed deputy commander of the 238th Rifle Division on 20 April 1942 but did not actually take this position and instead took temporary command of the 217th Rifle Division on 3 May. He led the 217th in defending positions on the east bank of the Ugra near Pavlovo as part of the 49th Army of the front.On 20 August the division handed over its sector to the 194th Rifle Division and joined the 16th Army. Having


texts: marched to the Sukhinichi region, its units entered defensive battles against the attacks of the German 134th Infantry Division and 17th Panzer Division, tasked with eliminating the threat of the German advance on Kozelsk and Sukhinichi. By decisive actions, they inflicted heavy losses on the German forces and drove them back to the southern bank of the Zhizdra. In October Malyshev was transferred to serve as deputy commander of the 16th Army, during which it fought in heavy defensive battles on the left wing of the Western Front in the area of Sukhinichi. From 3 May 1943 <mask> was appointed temporary commander of the 8th Guards Rifle Corps. With the 11th Guards Army, the corps fought in the Orel Offensive Operation, the Bryansk offensive, and the Gorodok Offensive, capturing Karachev and Gorodok. For "skillful command" of the corps in these operations Malyshev was awarded the Order of Lenin on 27 August.Malyshev commanded the 4th Shock Army from 30 December 1943 to the end of the war. Its troops entered the region southwest of Vitebsk by the end of 1943, where they went on the defensive. In summer 1944 the army fought in the recapture of Belorussia and the drive into the Baltics. Malyshev especially distinguished himself in his leadership of the army during the Polotsk offensive. Acting on the main direction of the 1st Baltic Front, the troops of the army broke through German fortified defenses, destroyed elements of the German 16th Army and reached the area northwest of Polotsk. In the second half of 1944 the army as part of the 2nd and 1st Baltic Fronts fought in the Rezhitsa–Dvinsk offensive, the Riga offensive, and the Memel Offensive, and subsequently blockaded


texts:
 the Courland Pocket until the end of the war. Postwar
After the end of the war, Malyshev was placed at the disposal of the Main Personnel Directorate in October 1945.After completing the Higher Academic Course at the Voroshilov Higher Military Academy between March 1946 and June 1947, Malyshev was appointed assistant commander-in-chief of the Belorussian Military District for personnel. He served as chief of staff and first deputy commander-in-chief of the district from November 1948. Malyshev transferred to hold the same position for the East Siberian Military District in March 1950 and the South Ural Military District in July 1953. He was again placed at the disposal of the Main Personnel Directorate in September 1954, then appointed deputy commander-in-chief of the Volga Military District for air defense in January 1955. Malyshev retired on 4 March 1959 and died in Moscow on 10 December 1972. Awards
Malyshev was a recipient of the following decorations:

 Order of Lenin (2)
 Order of the Red Banner (3)
 Order of Kutuzov, 1st class
 Order of Suvorov, 2nd class (2)
 Order of the Red Star
 Medals
 Foreign orders

References

Citations

Bibliography

1898 births
1972 deaths
People from Vladimir Governorate
Soviet lieutenant generals
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner
Recipients of the Order of Kutuzov, 1st class
Recipients of the Order of Suvorov, 2nd class
Recipients of the Order of the Red Star
Russian Provisional Government military personnel
Russian military personnel of World War I
Soviet military personnel of the Russian Civil War
People of the Polish–Soviet War
Soviet military personnel of World War II
Frunze Military


texts:
Rear-Admiral <mask>, KCB, KSO (6 July 1767 – 2 May 1818) was a British naval officer, who served with distinction in the Royal Navy throughout the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, including service at the Battle of Trafalgar. A close personal friend of Admiral Nelson, he received many honours following the battle, and later served as a Lord of the Admiralty. Early life
Born the son of The Hon. <mask>, and grandson of <mask>, 1st Earl of Hopetoun, <mask> joined the navy at 15, in 1782, and spent much of his early career serving on frigates. He was promoted from midshipman to lieutenant on 29 February 1788  and was given command of his own sloop, HMS Racehorse on 22 November 1790. War service
At the time of Britain's entry into the war, as part of the First Coalition, <mask> was serving as commander in the sloop HMS Bulldog in the Mediterranean Sea, and conducted several convoys to the forces of Lord Hood, who was besieging Toulon at the time. Later in the year, on 13 September 1793, he was promoted to the rank of Post Captain, and in August 1794, given command of the large frigate HMS Romulus, in which he saw action against French ships off Genoa in 1795.Following his appointment to HMS Alcmene, <mask> joined Nelson at Aboukir bay, 11 days after the battle of the Nile. On 19 August Nelson left for Naples but left Hood with three 3rd rates and three frigates, including Alcmene, with which to blockade Alexandria, where the remaining French ships; two of the line, eight frigates and four corvettes, were sheltering. <mask> obtained Nelson's good graces by capturing the French gunbrig Légère off Egypt, and seizing dispatches intended for Napoleon. The papers had been thrown overboard by the French captain but two of Alcmene's crew jumped in to retrieve them. <mask> then

masks:
Sir George Johnstone Hope
Charles Hope Weir
Charles Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope


texts:
 sailed to Naples and successfully evacuated the Neapolitan royal family in the face of a Republican uprising, which was eventually quelled by Nelson's personal intervention. By 1801, <mask> was an experienced Mediterranean campaigner, and, in command of the frigate HMS Leda, supported the successful amphibious landings which began the British invasion of Egypt. Battle of Trafalgar
Following the Peace of Amiens, <mask> returned to sea aboard the 74-gun ship of the line HMS Defence.When Spain entered the war in December 1804, Defence became part of a newly formed 'Spanish Squadron' under Sir John Orde. The squadron was involved in the blockade of Cádiz when on 8 April 1805, Villeneuve arrived with 11 ships of the line and 6 frigates. The 6 British ships formed line of battle but the French refused to engage and allowed the squadron to retreat to Lagos Bay. Villenueve gathered the ships that were ready to sail and put to sea again. Orde believed they were bound for the Channel but in fact Villenueve was on his way to the West Indies. Orde therefore took his squadron, including Defence, north to rendezvous with the Channel Fleet. <mask> and his ship Defence stayed with the Channel fleet until the end of August then joined another squadron under Sir Robert Calder.This squadron was sent to Cadiz, arriving on 15 September, to find Villenueve's fleet back from the West Indies and under blockade from a small contingent of vessels under the command of Vice-Admiral Cuthbert Collingwood. Nelson arrived on the 29th and moved the bulk of his force out to sea, in an attempt to lure out the combined French and Spanish fleet. When Villenueve eventually ordered his fleet to sail on 19 October, Defence was one of the ships that passed the signal to Nelson. On the morning of 21 October 1805,

masks: Hope Hope Hope


texts:
 <mask> found his ship at the rear of Admiral Collingwood's division at the start of the Battle of Trafalgar. The position of his ship prevented <mask> engaging with the enemy until the battle was two and a half hours old, but once within range, the Defence was heavily engaged, fighting with the French ship  (formerly of the Royal Navy), and then the Spanish ship San Ildefenso, whose surrender <mask> received after some hours of battle. <mask> sensibly anchored both ships during the ensuing storm, and so his prize was one of only four captured ships to survive the following week of gales. It was Nelson's desire that the fleet anchor after the battle but his order was never passed on and <mask> made the decision on his own initiative.During the action and storm, and despite being heavily engaged during the close of the battle; <mask>'s crew suffered casualties of just seven dead and twenty-nine injured. After the storm, Collingwood, now in charge, selected <mask> and four other captains to sink the remaining prizes to prevent their recapture. Evacuating the crews was "a particularly arduous task in a high sea running" that earned <mask> a mention in dispatches. Later years
Following his action at Trafalgar, <mask> continued to serve in the Defence until 1809, when he was appointed Captain of the Fleet. Under Sir James Saumarez, with his flag in HMS Victory, <mask> helped to defend and maintain British trade interests in the Baltic Sea. <mask> remained Saumarez's chief of staff until 12 August 1811 when he was made Rear-Admiral of the Blue through seniority and good service, and on 21 August 1812, was promoted to Rear Admiral of the White. In June 1812 Napoleon invaded Russia and <mask> was sent back to the Baltic to rescue as much of the Russian fleet as could be saved from

masks: Hope Hope Hope Hope Hope Hope Hope Hope Hope Hope Hope Hope


texts:
 the French invasion, and bring it to Britain.The plan was never fully enacted due to the defeat of Napoleon. <mask> was rewarded with a position as one of the Lords of the Admiralty, a post he retained for the next six years. His service ended abruptly, when he died suddenly whilst working late at the Admiralty on the evening of 2 May 1818. He had served as a Member of Parliament for East Grinstead, Sussex, from 1815 and on 2 January that year, had been inducted as a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath. He also received a sword of honour and gold medal in recognition of his service at Trafalgar. <mask> was buried in Westminster Abbey, where a large wall-mounted memorial by Peter Turnerelli remains to his memory, although his tombstone has been removed to make way for later burials. Family
<mask> <mask> married his cousin, Lady Jemima <mask>, the daughter of <mask>-<mask>, 3rd Earl of Hopetoun.Lady <mask> died in 1808 leaving her husband with two young children. Their son Sir <mask> (1808–81) also became a naval officer and rose to the rank of Admiral of the Fleet. <mask> was remarried in 1814 to Georgina, daughter of <mask>ird, 7th Lord Kinnaird, who bore him a second daughter. References

Further reading
White, C. (2005). The Trafalgar captains: their lives and memorials. London: Chatham. External links
<mask> <mask> Biography from the Nelson Society
Animation of the Battle of Trafalgar

1767 births
1818 deaths
Royal Navy admirals
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Lords of the Admiralty
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
UK MPs 1812–1818
Royal Navy captains at the Battle of Trafalgar
Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
Royal Navy personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
Burials at Westminster

masks:
Hope
Hope
George Johnstone
Hope
Hope
James Hope
Johnstone
Hope
James Hope
Hope
George Kinna
George Johnstone
Hope


texts:
<mask> (1941–1999) was a Korean poet. He was one of the poets who actively engaged in social matters during the Yushin era and led the Minjung poetry in the 1970s along with Shin Kyeongrim and Kim Jiha. He launched a poetry magazine, Siin (시인 Poet) and played a leading role in establishing the Council of Writers for Freedom and Practice. Life
He was born in 1941 in Gokseong, Jeollanam-do Province. In 1959 when he was admitted to Gwangju High School, he learned about poetry from Kim Hyeonseung, a poet, and studied literature with Lee Seongbu and Mun Suntae. In 1962, “Dasi podoeseo (다시 포도에서 From Grapes Again)” was chosen by Jeonnam Ilbo. In 1963, he was admitted to Kyunghee University with Lee Seongbu, majoring in Korean literature.When he was a sophomore in 1964, he received attention as his poem “Achim seonbak (아침 선박 Morning Vessel)” was chosen by Kyunghyang Shinmun. He participated in a literary coterie, “Sinchunsi” with Lee Seongbu and Shin Sehun. He established the monthly poetry magazine, Siin, in 1969 to produce talented poets such as Kim Jiha and Kim Juntae. 1970-1980

He became renowned for his participation in social issues after he published a poetry collection, Sikkalron (식칼론 Theory of Kitchen Knife) in 1970. He established the Council