texts:
 found guilty and fined £75. It is said that Wyngarde's career never fully recovered from the publicity surrounding this prosecution. Wyngarde told an interviewer in 1993 that he was an alcoholic and that at the height of his fame "I drank myself to a standstill ... I am amazed I am still here", but that he stopped drinking in the early 1980s.He was declared bankrupt in 1982 and again in 1988. An obituary reported that he lived partly on social security benefits. Wyngarde and the singer Morrissey were friends. Morrissey wrote in his 2013 autobiography about visiting Wyngarde at home in Earls Terrace:

Fandom, biographies
<mask>e had an active fan club from the mid-1950s to 1985. An appreciation society called The Hellfire Club was founded in 1992 with the actor's support, with members receiving its quarterly magazine by post. It went online in 2000, and maintains a regularly updated blog. A biography of the actor was published in 2012 by the organiser of the Six of One, the appreciation society of The Prisoner TV series.It was reissued in 2019. The organiser of The Hellfire Club took Wyngarde's surname after his death and in 2020 she published a biography which claimed to draw on personal knowledge of the subject. Death and legacy
His agent and manager reported that Wyngarde was admitted to the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital in London in October 2017 with an unspecified illness. He died on 15 January 2018. <mask>-Hopkins' 2020 biography of Wyngarde and its accompanying website detail some disputes and conflict between the author and Wyngarde's executors and next of kin over his estate and the location of his remains. An auction of 250 items from his estate took place on 26 March 2020. All items sold, and the auction fetched over £35,000.His trophy for "best dressed personality of 1970" reached the highest selling price with a winning bid of £2,200. Mike Myers credited Wyngarde with inspiring the character

masks:
Peter Wyngard
Tina Wyngarde


type: original

texts:
<mask> (July 3, 1907 – July 13, 1987) was a Chicago-based stable owner, horse trainer, and horse trader who was heavily involved in criminal activity, including fraud, intimidation, arson, and murder. He covered up the infamous Peterson-Schuessler murders and hired the murder of his stepbrother. Life history and background
<mask> was born on July 3, 1907, in Cuba Township, in Lake County, Illinois. He was one of four boys and eight girls born to Arthur and <mask>. <mask> had a half brother, <mask>, born in 1923 to his mother and her employer, married attorney George William Spunner. When <mask> was tried for rape at age 17, his step father acting as his attorney wrote the judge that <mask> was a wild young man who wouldn't be hurt by a year in jail. <mask> was convicted and served one year at Pontiac Correctional Center.<mask> and his younger brothers DeForest and Frank and half brother George were skilled horse trainers and riders, who owned and operated a number of stables in the Chicago area during the 1930s. In 1932 <mask> opened the Idle Hour stable at Lincoln and Peterson avenues on Chicago's northwest side. About the same time <mask> and his brothers began operating the Elston Riding Academy at 5663 Elston Avenue in Chicago. The academy hosted the Elston Saddle Club which held an annual horse show and rodeo featuring the <mask> brothers and their students. In 1933 <mask> began operating a livestock hauling and trading business in Woodstock, Illinois. The <mask> brothers shipped feral horses from the Western United States by railroad to Woodstock, where they were herded through the streets to Frank's corral south of the city.

masks:
Silas Carter Jayne
Silas Jayne
Katherine Jayne
Silas
George William Jayne
Silas
Silas
Silas
Silas Jayne
Silas
Silas
Jayne
Frank Jayne
Jayne


texts: The best horses were trained and the rest were shipped to Rockford, Illinois to be slaughtered for dog food In 1936 <mask> began holding annual horse shows at his Sportsman's Riding Stables in Morton Grove, Illinois The following year the Elston Saddle Club held a show in Woodstock and <mask> purchased a farm west of Elgin, Illinois, which he called Our Day Farm.DeForest <mask> earned many trophies for his horsemanship and was the instructor at the Elston Riding Academy. On October 15, 1938, DeForest's fiancee, Mae Sweeny, committed suicide by swallowing arsenic. Five days later DeForest, dressed in his best Western attire, killed himself with a 12-gauge shotgun on Sweeny's grave. By the time of his death DeForest had acquired twenty acres and a stable, that he bequeathed to his half brother George. After DeForest's death <mask> established Green Tree Stable at 4701 Cumberland Avenue in the Chicago suburb of Norridge. On June 3, 1940, a fire killed ten horses at the Green Tree Stable. This was the first of several suspicious fires linked to <mask>.<mask> and his employees were able to free 35 other horses from the burning building. <mask> had acquired a reputation for bullying behavior. In order to intimidate rivals he would falsely claim that he had served time for murder. In one case when he was losing in a horse show competition, <mask> and his brothers beat the rider who was winning until he could no longer compete. Because of <mask>'s reputation for violence, he was able to demand a 10% stake of the profits in horse shows held near Chicago. <mask> sold virtually worthless horses to prosperous men with daughters in their early

masks:
George Jayne
Frank Jayne
Jayne
Silas
Silas
Silas
Jayne
Silas
Jayne
Jayne


texts: teenage years, claiming that the horses were of the top quality needed if the daughters were to become champion riders. Parents allowed their daughters to spend extended periods of time at <mask>'s stables unchaperoned.<mask> boasted to his associates of having molested many of these underage girls. When fathers complained about the poor quality of horses they had bought from him, he would tell them that their daughters had become notorious among his employees for their promiscuity. Though the accusation may have been groundless, scandal-wary fathers rarely pressed the point. It was suspected that allegations against <mask> were not investigated because he had friendly relations with police officers. He was not a made man of the Chicago Outfit, but his Idle Hour Stables were patronized by "Mad Sam" DeStefano and other prominent gangsters. It was said that the gangsters "played cowboy" there, riding around on horses and firing guns into the air. In the early 1950's <mask> wanted his half-brother George to purchase his Green Tree Stable, but George, whose Sportsman's Riding Stables was prospering, refused.Shortly thereafter, while George and his family were wintering in Florida, his house, located at the Sportsman's Riding Stables, burned down. The cause of the fire was never determined, but George suspected that <mask> was responsible. A month after the fire George sold Sportsman's Riding Stables, and after that he bought Green Tree Stable from Silas, renaming it Happy Days Stables. In 1954 <mask> moved his Idle Hour Stable to a larger facility at 8600 West Higgins Road in Park Ridge, Illinois, not far from George's Happy Days

masks: Jayne Jayne Jayne Silas Silas Silas


texts:
 Stables. Ethan Hansen and his sons Curtis and Kenneth operated a stable not far from <mask>' relocated Idle Hour Stable. Curtis was an enforcer for the Chicago Outfit tied to Sam DeStefano and Frank Schweihs. The Hansen stable went out of business after several accidents resulted in the deaths of two young stable hands, after which Curtis Hansen maintained a close relationship with <mask> and Kenneth Hansen was hired to work at the Idle Hour Stable.Peterson–Schuessler murders
On October 18, 1955, the naked bodies of three young boys, John Schuessler, aged 13, his brother Anton Jr., aged 11, and their friend Robert Peterson, aged 14, were found in a ditch in the Robinson Woods Forest Preserve on the northwest side of Chicago. When found, they had been missing for two days. The boys had traveled from Jefferson Park to downtown Chicago to see Walt Disney Productions' The African Lion at the Loop Theater, 165 North State Street, on the afternoon of October 16. Nearly forty years later, ATF agents investigating the February 17, 1977 disappearance of candy heiress Helen Brach were told by informants that <mask>'s former employee, Kenneth Hansen, had boasted of committing the murders at the Idle Hour Stable. Hansen had threatened others that they would "end up like the Peterson boy." A second informant, Red Wemette, had told the FBI of Hansen's boasts in the 1970s, but apparently no action was taken. It emerged that Hansen, who was 22 years old at the time, had met Peterson and the Schuesslers while they were hitchhiking after having last been seen by a classmate at the Monte Cristo Bowling Alley on 3326 West Montrose, about eight miles

masks:
Silas
Silas Jayne
Silas Jayne


texts:
 from the Loop theater.Hansen lured them into the Idle Hour stables under the pretext of showing them horses. When Peterson discovered Hansen sexually abusing the Schuessler brothers, Hansen had attacked all three and killed them. <mask> had been enraged at Hansen when he discovered what he had done. However, realizing the murders on his property had the potential to ruin him, <mask> concealed the crime. The bodies were put in a station wagon, and disposed of. The original forensic investigators in the case believed that marks on the bodies had been caused by the floor mats of a Packard station wagon model that had been owned by both Hansen and <mask> in 1955. The barn in which the murders allegedly occurred burned down on May 15, 1956, in a suspected arson.Neighbors had reported to the police that they had heard screams from the stables on the day the boys disappeared, but the leads were not followed up, despite the stable's proximity to the site where the bodies were found. According to a detective who worked on the case, Kenneth Hansen had preyed on hundreds of boys before his 1995 arrest and conviction for the murders. Hansen's conviction was overturned five years later on the grounds that the jury should not have heard prejudicial testimony regarding his frequent cruising the streets in search of boys to prey upon, whom he termed "chicken". Found guilty at a 2002 retrial with a subsequent affirmation of the verdict in a 2004 appeal, Hansen was sentenced to life imprisonment. He died at Pontiac Correctional Center on September 12, 2007. Attacks on <mask>
In October 1959 <mask> moved his stable business from the Happy Days

masks:
Jayne
Jayne
Jayne
George Jayne
George Jayne


texts:
 Stables to the 95-acre Tri Color Farm near his home in Inverness, Illinois. <mask>' competition with George, both in business and at horse shows, became intense and led to a prolonged effort to kill George.Cheryl Rude was a professional rider who went to work for George after she was fired by <mask>. At the Oak Brook Hounds Horse Show in 1961 Rude won a jumping class over protests from <mask>, and George's daughter beat <mask>' best horse to take the top prize, after which <mask> stood in the middle of the horse ring and shouted at George "I'll never talk to you again, you bastard." This was the beginning of campaign of harassment against George. In 1962 shots were fired at George's office and the office was burglarized. At various times George's tires were punctured, lug nuts on his truck tires were loosened, sugar was poured into his gas tank, cars attempted to run him off the road at night, two of his horses were poisoned, and dynamite was left by his back door, but the fuse fizzled out. In March of 1963 while working late at his Tri Color Stables' office, George, perhaps sensing danger, departed in a borrowed car leaving the lights on and his own car at the office. That night 28 bullets were fired into the office.In 1965 Eddie Moran confessed that he and another man were paid $300 to kill George, and it was they who had fired the shots into George's office in 1963. In May of 1963 when George's horse beat <mask>' at the Lake Forest Horse Show, <mask> threatened George, "I'll kill you, you son of a bitch." After this on five or more occasions <mask> made threats to kill George. Murder of Cheryl Rude
On June 14, 1965 <mask> asked

masks:
Silas
Silas
Silas
Silas
Silas
Silas
Silas
Silas
George Jayne


texts: his 22-year-old employee, Cheryl Rude, to move his Cadillac. When she turned the ignition key, a bomb composed of three sticks of dynamite exploded killing her. George believed that he was the intended target of the bomb, and that <mask> was responsible for planting it. Sheriff's investigators agreed with this assessment.On July 14 Chicago police found bomb making equipment in the home of Haladane Cleminson, who told them that James Blottiaux had asked him how to wire a car bomb. Bomb making equipment was also found in Bottiaux's home, and handwriting experts tied him to a receipt for explosives. Blottiaux, who was a handyman at <mask>'s Idle Hour Stable, told investigators he had heard <mask> offer Eddie Moran $10,000 to bomb <mask>'s car. A white Buick had been seen at George's Tri Color Stable shortly before the bombing. Knowing that Blattiaux did repair work at his friend Thomas Hanna's used car dealership, authorities questioned Hanna who said he didn't have a white Buick on his lot. In 1967 the evidence implicating Battiaux in the Rude murder, including the receipt signed by Bottiaux, was destroyed by the Chicago Police. Thereafter the case went cold for nearly thirty years.Then when authorities requestioned Hanna, he told them that Blottiaux had borrowed a 1960 white Buick LeSabre from his lot on the day of the murder. When Blottiaux returned the car, he was visibly upset and kept repeating. "I killed the wrong person." When Hanna asked what he was talking about, Blottiaux vomited. Blottiaux confessed the murder to Hanna, who sold the Buick LeSabre as soon as he could. On December 16, 1997 Battiaux was charged with Cheryl

masks:
Silas
Silas Jayne
Jayne
George Jayne


texts:
 Rude's murder. At his trial in July 1999, Haldane Cleminson testified under immunity that he had helped Blottiaux make the car bomb, and Hanna and his wife testified that Blottiaux had confessed the murder to them.<mask>, who was deceased by the time of the trial, paid Blottiaux $10,000 for the murder. Bottiaux was found quilty and on September 10, 1999, sentenced to 200-300 years. After his conviction Blottiaux admitted his guilt. He confessed that he saw Rude get into the car, but did nothing to warn her. Blottiaux was denied parole on September 24, 2020. Conspiracy to murder <mask>
A few days after the murder of Cheryl Rude, <mask> offered Stephen Grod and Edward Moran $15,000 to kill <mask>. In an effort to double-cross <mask>, Grod and Moran contacted George and proposed that he hide out until after they collect their fee from <mask>.George called the Cook County, Illinois, Sheriff's Police, who had Grod set up a meeting with <mask>. A sheriff's detective, posing as a third hitman, accompanied Grod to the meeting where <mask> gave Grod $1000 as a down payment. There was now sufficient evidence to charge <mask> with conspiracy to commit murder. Grod was the chief witness against <mask> when the case came to trial in March 1966. As Grod was walking into the courthouse, <mask>'s brother Frank handed him an article about a key witness in a criminal case being murdered. When called to testify Grod had a sudden case of amnesia, stating under oath, "I can`t even remember what I had for breakfast this morning. I'm sick."As a result the case against <mask> was dropped and Grod was fined $1000 and jailed for thirty days. In November of

masks:
Silas Jayne
George Jayne
Silas Jayne
George Jayne
Silas
Silas
Silas
Silas
Silas Jayne
Jayne
Silas Jayne
Jayne


texts: 1965 <mask> sold the Idle Hour Stables and moved to Our Day Farm. After the conspiracy charges against <mask> were dropped, <mask>'s office was burglarized. <mask> told one of George's employees "I gave the IRS all the dope on him [George]. We got enough out of his office to put him in jail for good." George was subsequently indicted for income tax fraud. A jury found him not guilty on November 2, 1966.In 1967 <mask> and <mask>'s six sisters called a family meeting to resolve their differences. According to George's wife, speaking through her attorney, George agreed at that meeting not to show horses in the hunter and jumper classes. She didn't say what, if anything, <mask> agreed to. <mask> said that the meeting ended with the brothers being friends. Killing of Frank Michelle Jr. Fearing more attacks, <mask> hired Frank Michelle Sr, a former chief of police of Inverness, to provide security for his home and business. He hired Michelle's son, Frank Michelle Jr., to surreptitiously place on <mask>'s car a transmitter which would alert George whenever the car came within five miles.The transmitter was periodically monitored and when it stopped transmitting after twelve days, Frank Michelle Jr. was dispatched to change the battery. On January 19, 1969, Michelle's wife dropped him off near <mask>'s home at Our Day Farm. Michelle would not have found the car with the transmitter, because <mask> had traded it in for another car. According to <mask>, his door bell rang and when he asked who was there, he was shot at through the door. He returned fire and saw Michelle, who he didn't recognize, crawl away leaving a bloody trail on the lawn.

masks:
Silas Jayne
Silas Jayne
George Jayne
Silas
Silas
George Jayne
Silas
Silas
George Jayne
Silas Jayne
Silas Jayne
Jayne
Jayne


texts:
 <mask> grabbed additional guns and followed Michelle shooting him to death. Michelle was shot nine times with three different weapons: an M1 carbine and  .22- and .38-caliber pistols.The shooting was ruled to be self defense and no charges were brought against <mask>. <mask> boasted of crushing Michelle's testicles using vise-grip pliers. When investigators tried to verify this claim, they discovered that the coroner's report and medical records had gone missing. Murder of <mask>
On October 28, 1970, <mask> was fatally shot in the heart through a basement window in his Inverness home while playing cards with family on his son, George Jr.'s, sixteenth birthday. Investigation
A neighbor boy identified the get away car as red and white with a license plate beginning 936. Melvin Adams, a 37-year-old dishwasher from Posen, Illinois, became a suspect when he was spotted driving a red-and-white Ford with a license number beginning 936. When questioned Adams was found to be carrying $10,000 in cash.Seventeen of the bills in Adams possession were found to have <mask>'s fingerprints. In order to keep <mask> from fleeing while the investigation continued, agents of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms raided <mask>'s home at Our Day Farm confiscating 18 weapons. <mask> was charged with illegal possession of firearms by a felon, the rape he was convicted of at age 17 being a felony. When arraigned <mask> was required to surrender his passport. In May 1971 <mask>'s widow, Marion, accompanied by Illinois State Police investigator David Hamm, offered $25,000 in cash to Melvan Adams as a reward for information. Adams told them that Julius

masks:
Jayne
Jayne
Jayne
George Jayne
George Jayne
Silas Jayne
Jayne
Jayne
Jayne
Jayne
George Jayne


texts:
 Barnes was the shooter. He also told where the murder weapon was hidden and where Barnes could be found.Rather than take the $25,000 reward, Adams accepted an offer of immunity from prosecution. Barnes' fingerprints were on the murder weapon and he also decided to cooperate with authorities. Adams and Barnes said that Edwin Nefeld, the chief of detectives at the Markham, Illinois police department, had been hired by <mask> to assassinate George. Nefeld subcontracted the murder to Adams, and Adams in turn subcontracted Barnes. <mask>'s handyman, Joseph LaPlaca, was also involved in the plot. <mask> initially wanted Adams to kidnap George so that he could murder him himself, but Adams argued that assassination would be less risky. After the murder <mask> paid $30,000 to Adams, who passed $12,500 to Barnes.On May 22, 1971, <mask>, LaPlaca, Barnes, and Nefeld were indicted for the murder of <mask>. In a plea deal Nefeld pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit murder and testified against the other defendants in exchange for the dropping of murder charges. He was sentenced to 1 to 3 years in prison. Conviction and sentence
<mask>, Joseph LaPlaca, and Julius Barnes went on trial for murder on April 4, 1973. <mask> was represented by famed attorney F. Lee Bailey. Barnes retracted his confession and <mask> denied everything. The jurors were permitted to find the defendants guilty of the lesser charge of conspiracy to commit murder.Barnes, the shooter, was found guilty of murder, and <mask> and LaPlaca were found guilty of conspiracy to commit murder. Barnes was sentenced to 25-35 years in prison, and <mask> and LaPlaca each received a

masks:
Silas Jayne
Silas Jayne
Silas Jayne
Jayne
Jayne
George Jayne
Silas Jayne
Jayne
Jayne
Jayne
Jayne


texts:
 sentence of 6-20 years, the maximum under Illinois law for conspiracy to murder. After his conviction, <mask> sued <mask> for $7 million in damages for her husband's death. In 1973 she was awarded $1 million. In 1980 <mask> offered Marion $250,000 to settle the matter, but she refused. <mask> was imprisoned at the Vienna Correctional Center in southern Illinois. <mask>'s cellmate said that <mask> was allowed to keep his horses at the prison's stable and to ride unescorted into a nearby town to buy whiskey.Also <mask>'s brother Frank regularly transported prostitutes from Chicago to the prison to have sex with <mask>. On May 23, 1979, <mask> was paroled after having served six years. Trial for arson
<mask> was tried and acquitted of arson in 1980, after he allegedly had a former cellmate start a fire in a stable where men against whom he had a grudge kept their horses. Thirty-three horses perished in the fire. Other crimes and suspicions
On July 2, 1966, a little more than a year after the murder of Cheryl Rude, Ann Miller, age 21, Patricia Blaugh, age 19, and Renee Bruhl, age 19, disappeared from Indiana Dunes State Park never to be seen again. They were last seen getting into a blue and white speedboat. They were all avid horsewomen who frequented <mask>'s Tri Color Stable.It is suspected that they were killed because they had information about the Cheryl Rude murder. <mask> had an employee who owned a blue and white speedboat that he often took to the Indiana dunes. When investigators asked about the boat they were told that it had been destroyed by fire. In 1967 deputy Cook County Sheriff's Office Deputy Ralph Probst died after

masks:
Marion Jayne
Silas Jayne
Silas
Silas Jayne
Jayne
Jayne
Jayne
Jayne
Jayne
Silas
George Jayne
Silas Jayne


texts:
 being shot through the kitchen window of his Hometown, Illinois residence. The murder weapon was a  forty-one caliber magnum revolver. Probst had been investigating horse rackets and had told colleagues that he was pursuing "something big". Death and legacy
<mask> died of leukemia in 1987 at the age of 80.The Our Day Farm near Elgin is still operated by the <mask> family. <mask>'s great-nephew <mask> was the first alternate for the U.S. show jumping team at the 2012 Summer Olympics. See also
 Disappearance of Helen Brach
Horse murders scandal

References

Cited works and further reading

1907 births
1987 deaths
American horse trainers
American outlaws
American rapists
Criminals from Illinois
Deaths from cancer in Illinois
Deaths from leukemia
Horse breeders
Murder-for-hire cases
People from Lake County, Illinois
Suspected serial

masks:
Jayne
Jayne
Silas Jayne
Charlie Jayne


texts:
<mask> (born December 25, 1952) is an American theoretical physicist whose principal research is in cosmology and condensed matter physics. He is currently the Albert Einstein Professor in Science at Princeton University where he is on the faculty of both the Departments of Physics and of Astrophysical Sciences. <mask> is best known for his development of new theories of the origin, evolution and future of the universe. He is also well known for his exploration of a new form of matter, known as quasicrystals, which were thought to exist only as man-made materials until he co-discovered the first known natural quasicrystal in a museum sample. He subsequently led a separate team that followed up that discovery with several more examples of natural quasicrystals recovered from the wilds of the Kamchatka Peninsula in far eastern Russia. He has written two popular books on these topics. Endless Universe: Beyond the Big Bang (2007), co-authored with Neil Turok, describes the early struggles in challenging the widely accepted big bang theory and the subsequent development of the bouncing or cyclic theories of the universe, which are currently being explored and tested.The Second Kind of Impossible: The Extraordinary Quest for a New Form of Matter (2019) recounts the story of quasicrystals from his invention of the concept with his then-student , to his expedition to far eastern Russia to recover meteorite fragments containing natural quasicrystal grains formed billions of years ago. Education and career
Born to Helen and <mask>, <mask> is the second oldest of four children. He grew up in Miami, Florida, where he attended Coral Gables Senior High School while attending classes at a local university.

masks:
Paul Joseph Steinhardt
Steinhardt
Charles Steinhardt
Paul Steinhardt


texts:
 <mask> received his Bachelor of Science in Physics at Caltech in 1974, and his Ph.D. in Physics at Harvard University in 1978 where his advisor was Sidney Coleman. He was a Junior Fellow in the Harvard Society of Fellows from 1978 to 1981; rose from junior faculty to Mary Amanda Wood Professor  at the University of Pennsylvania between 1981 and 1998, during which he maintained a long-term association with the Thomas J. Watson Research Center; and has been on the faculty at Princeton University since the Fall of 1998. He co-founded the Princeton Center for Theoretical Science and served as its Director from 2007 to 2019. Research

Inflationary cosmology

Beginning in the early 1980s, <mask> co-authored seminal papers that helped to lay the foundations of inflationary cosmology.Slow-roll inflation and Generation of the seeds for galaxies: In 1982, <mask> and Andreas Albrecht (and, independently, Andrei Linde) constructed the first inflationary models that could speed up the expansion of the universe enough to  explain the observed smoothness and flatness of the universe and then "gracefully exit" to the more modest expansion observed today. The Albrecht-Steinhardt paper was the first to note the effect of Hubble friction in sustaining inflation for a sufficiently long period (the “slow-roll” effect), setting the prototype for most subsequent inflationary models. Hubble friction played a critical role in the 1983 paper by  James Bardeen, <mask> and Michael S. Turner  who were the first introduce a reliable, relativistically gauge invariant method to compute how quantum fluctuations during inflation might naturally generate a nearly scale-invariant spectrum of density fluctuations with a small tilt,

masks: Steinhardt Steinhardt Steinhardt Steinhardt


texts: properties later shown by observations of the cosmic microwave background to be features of our universe. The density fluctuations are seeds about which galaxies eventually form. Contemporaneous calculations by several other groups obtained similar conclusions using less rigorous methods. Eternal inflation and the multiverse: In 1982, <mask> presented the first example of eternal inflation. Neverending inflation  was  eventually shown to be a generic feature of inflationary models that leads to a multiverse, the break-up of space into an infinite multitude of patches spanning an infinite range of outcomes instead of the single smooth and flat universe, as originally hoped when first proposed.Although some cosmologists would later come to embrace the multiverse, <mask> consistently expressed his concern that it utterly destroys the predictive power of the theory he helped create. Because the inflationary theory  leads to a multiverse that allows for every possible outcome, <mask> argued, we must conclude that the inflationary theory actually predicts nothing. Imprint of gravitational waves on the cosmic microwave background: In 1993, Robert Crittenden, Rick Davis, J.R. Bond, G. Efstathiou and <mask> performed the first calculations of the complete imprint of gravitational waves on the B-mode temperature maps and on the polarization of the microwave background radiation in 1993. Despite his criticisms of the idea, <mask>'s major contributions to the inflationary theory were recognized in 2002 when he shared the Dirac Prize with Alan Guth of M.I.T. and Andrei Linde of Stanford. The unlikeliness problem: In 2013, Anna Ijjas, Abraham Loeb and <mask> added to the criticisms  in a widely discussed

masks: Steinhardt Steinhardt Steinhardt Steinhardt Steinhardt Steinhardt


texts:
 pair of papers that the inflationary model was much less likely to explain our universe than previously thought.According to their analysis of the Planck satellite 2013 results, the chances of obtaining a universe matching the observations after a period of inflation is less than one in a googolplex. <mask> and his team dubbed the result the “unlikeliness problem.” The two papers also showed that Planck satellite data ruled out what had been historically accepted as the simplest inflationary models and that the remaining inflationary models require more parameters, more fine-tuning of those parameters, and more unlikely initial conditions. In 2015, the unlikeness problem was reaffirmed and strengthened by a subsequent round of measurements reported by the Planck satellite team. Incompatibility with the string-swampland conjectures: In 2018, <mask>, in collaboration with Prateek Agrawal, George Obieds, and Cumrun Vafa, argued that inflation may also be incompatible with string theory because inflationary models generally violate constraints (sometimes called the “swampland conjectures”) on what is required for a model to be consistent with quantum gravity. Bouncing and cyclic cosmology

Motivated by what he viewed as the failures of inflationary theory, <mask> became a leading developer of a new class of cosmological models that replace the so-called big bang with a bounce. The new theory envisions a smooth transition from a previous period of contraction to the current period of expansion, avoiding any need for inflation and evading the infamous cosmic singularity problem associated with a big bang. A natural extension of these ideas is a neverbeginning and neverending cyclic universe in which

masks: Steinhardt Steinhardt Steinhardt


texts: epochs of bounce, expansion, and contraction repeat at regular intervals.Early models: The first examples of these bouncing and cyclic models, referred to as "ekpyrotic," were presented in papers in 2001 with Justin Khoury, Burt A. Ovrut and Neil Turok. The first model was based on the speculative notion suggested by string theory that the universe has extra-dimensions bounded by “branes” (where “brane” is derived from "membrane," a basic object in string theory). The bounce corresponded to the collision and rebound of these branes. The bounce (that is, brane collision) would be a violent event that would depend sensitively on quantum gravity effects that are not yet established. In 2002, <mask> and Turok then incorporated the ekpyrotic idea into a bolder proposal: an early version of a cyclic theory of the universe. The new cyclic model: More recent versions developed by Anna Ijjas and <mask> do not require extra dimensions or branes or string theory; ordinary fields with potential energy evolving in space-time, similar to inflationary models, can be used. Furthermore, the bounce is a gentle transition that can be fully computed because it occurs long before quantum gravity effects become important.There is no cosmic singularity problem, unlike theories based on the big bang. In the cyclic version of these models, space never crunches; rather, it necessarily grows overall from bounce to bounce every 100 billion years or so. After each bounce, gravitational energy is converted into the matter and radiation that fuels the next cycle. To an observer, the evolution appears to be cyclic because the temperature, density, number of stars and galaxies, etc., are on average the same from one cyclic to

masks: Steinhardt Steinhardt


texts: the next and the observer cannot see far enough to know that there is more space. The fact that the universe expands overall from cycle to cycle means that the entropy produced in earlier cycles (by the formation of stars and other entropy-producing processes) is increasingly diluted as the cycles proceed and so does not have any physical effect on cosmic evolution. This growth from cycle to cycle and associated entropy dilution are features that distinguish these new cyclic models from versions discussed in the 1920s by Friedmann and Tolman, and explain how the new cyclic model avoids the “entropy problem” that beset the earlier versions. Advantages: Cyclic models have two important advantages over inflationary models.First, because they do not include inflation, they do not produce a multiverse. As a result, unlike inflation, cyclic models produce a single universe that everywhere have the same predicted properties that are subject to empirical tests. Second, cyclic models explain why there must be dark energy. According to these modes, the accelerated expansion caused by dark energy starts the smoothing process,  the decay of dark energy to other forms of energy starts a period of slow contraction, and the slow contraction is what is responsible for smoothing and flattening the universe. Predictions: One prediction of the cyclic models  is that, unlike inflation, no detectable gravitational waves are generated during the smoothing and flattening process. Instead, the only source of gravitational waves on cosmic wavelength scales are so-called “secondary gravitational waves” that are produced long after the bounce with amplitudes that are far too  weak to be found in current detectors but


texts: ultimately detectable. A second prediction is that the current acceleration expansion must eventually stop and the vacuum must be eventually decay in order to initiate the next cycle.(Other predictions depend on the specific fields (or branes) that cause the contraction.) The cyclic model may naturally explain why the cosmological constant is exponentially small and positive, compared to the enormous value expected by quantum gravity theories. The cosmological constant might begin large, as expected, but then slowly decay over the course of many cycles to the tiny value observed today. The discovery of the Higgs field at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) may provide added support for the cyclic model. Evidence from the LHC suggests that the current vacuum may decay in the future, according to calculations made by <mask>, Turok and Itzhak Bars. The decay of the current vacuum is required by the cyclic model in order to end the current phase of expansion, contract, bounce and a new era of expansion; the Higgs provides a possible mechanism of decay that can be tested. The Higgs field is a viable candidate for the field that drives the cycles of expansion and contraction.Dark energy and dark matter: <mask> has made significant contributions researching the "dark side" of the universe: dark energy, the cosmological constant problem and dark matter. First evidence of cosmic acceleration: In 1995, <mask> and Jeremiah Ostriker used a concordance of cosmological observations to show there must be a non-zero dark energy component today, more than 65 percent of the total energy density, sufficient to cause the expansion of the universe to accelerate. This was verified three years later by supernova


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 observations in 1998. Quintessence: Working with colleagues, he subsequently introduced the concept of quintessence, a form of dark energy that varies with time. It was first posited by <mask>'s team as an alternative to the cosmological constant, which is (by definition) constant and static; quintessence is dynamic. Its energy density and pressure evolve over time. The 2018 paper on swampland conjectures with Agrawal, Obieds and Vafa  points to quintessence as being the only option for dark energy in string theory and consistent quantum gravity.Self-interacting dark matter: In 2000, David Spergel and <mask> first introduced the concept of strongly self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) to explain various anomalies in standard cold dark models based on assuming dark matter consists of weakly interacting massive particles (also referred to as "WIMPs")

In 2014, <mask>, Spergel and Jason Pollack have proposed that a small fraction of dark matter could have ultra-strong self-interactions, which would cause the particles to coalesce rapidly and collapse into seeds for early supermassive black holes. Quasicrystals

Development of the theory: In 1983, <mask> and his then-student Dov Levine first introduced the theoretical concept of quasicrystals in a patent disclosure. The complete theory was published the following year in a paper entitled "Quasicrystals: A New Class of Ordered Structures." The theory proposed the existence of a new phase of solid matter analogous to Penrose tilings with rotational symmetries previously thought to be impossible for solids. <mask> and Levine named the new phase of matter a "quasicrystal." The never-before-seen atomic structure had quasiperiodic atomic ordering, rather

masks: Steinhardt Steinhardt Steinhardt Steinhardt Steinhardt


texts: than the periodic ordering characteristic of conventional crystals. The new theory overturned 200 years of scientific dogma and proved that quasicrystals could violate all of the previously accepted mathematical theorems about the symmetry of matter.Symmetries once thought to be forbidden for solids are actually possible for quasicrystals, including solids with axes of five-fold symmetry and three-dimensional icosahedral symmetry. The first synthetic quasicrystal: Working simultaneously to, but independently of, <mask> and Levine, Dan Shechtman, Ilan Blech, Denis Gratias and John Cahn at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) were focused on an experimental discovery they could not explain. It was an unusual alloy of manganese and aluminum with a diffraction pattern of what appeared to be sharp (though not perfectly point-like) spots arranged with icosahedral symmetry that did not fit any known crystal structure. The alloy was first noted in 1982, but results were not published until November 1984 after more convincing data had been obtained. <mask> and Levine were shown a preprint of the Shechtman team's paper and immediately recognized that it could be experimental proof of their still-unpublished quasicrystal theory. The theory, along with the proposal that it could explain the mysterious, forbidden structure of the new alloy was published in December 1984. The new alloy was ultimately discovered to be problematic.It proved to be unstable and the noted imperfections in the diffraction pattern allowed for multiple explanations (including one about crystal twinning proposed by Linus <mask>) that were hotly debated for the next few years. In 1987, An-Pang Tsai and his group  at Japan's Tohoku

masks: Steinhardt Steinhardt Pauling


texts: University made an important breakthrough with the synthesis of the first-ever stable icosahedral quasicrystal. It had sharp diffraction spots arranged in close accord with <mask> and Levine's quasicrystal theory and was inconsistent with any of the alternative explanations. The theoretical debate was effectively ended and the Steinhardt-Levine theory gained wide acceptance. The first natural quasicrystal: In 1999, <mask> assembled a team at Princeton University to search for a natural quasicrystal. The team, composed of Peter Lu, Ken Deffeyes and Nan Yao, devised a novel mathematical algorithm to search through an international database of powder diffraction patterns. For the first eight years, the search yielded no results.In 2007, Italian scientist Luca Bindi, then curator of the mineral collection at the Universite’ di Firenze, joined the team. Two years later, Bindi identified a promising specimen in his museum's storage room. The tiny specimen, a few millimeters across, had been packed away in a box labeled "khatyrkite," which is an ordinary crystal composed of copper and aluminum. On January 2, 2009, <mask> and Nan Yao, director of the Princeton Imaging Center, examined the material and identified the signature diffraction pattern of an icosahedral quasicrystal. This was the first known natural quasicrystal. The International Mineralogical Association accepted the quasicrystal as a new mineral and designated its name, icosahedrite. The material had exactly the same atomic composition (Al63Cu24Fe13) as the first thermodynamically stable quasicrystal synthesized by An-Pang Tsai and his group in their laboratory in 1987.Expedition to Chukotka: Two years after identifying the museum sample,


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 <mask> organized an international team of experts and led them on an expedition to its source, the remote Listventovyi stream in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in the northern half of the Kamchatka Peninsula in far eastern Russia. The team included Bindi and Valery Kryachko, the Russian ore geologist who had found the original samples of khatyrkite crystal while working at the Listventovyi stream in 1979. Other members of the team were: Chris Andronicos, Vadim Distler, Michael Eddy, Alexander Kostin, Glenn MacPherson, Marina Yudovskaya, and <mask>'s son, <mask>. After digging and panning a ton and a half of clay along the banks of the Listvenitovyi stream in the Koryak Mountains, eight different grains containing icosahedrite were identified. During subsequent years of study, <mask>'s team proved that both the sample found in the Florence museum and the samples recovered from the field in Chukotka originated from a meteorite formed 4.5 billion years ago (before there were planets), and landed on the Earth about 15,000 years ago. More natural quasicrystals: Further studies revealed other new minerals in the Chukotka samples. In 2014, one of those minerals was discovered to be a crystalline phase of aluminum, nickel and iron (Al38Ni33Fe30).It was accepted by the International Mineralogical Association and named "steinhardtite" in <mask>'s honor
 In 2015, a second type of natural quasicrystal was discovered in a different grain of the same meteorite. The second known natural quasicrystal was found to be a different mixture of aluminum, nickel and iron (Al71Ni24Fe5) and had a decagonal symmetry (a regularly stacking of atomic layers which each have 10-fold symmetry). It was accepted by the

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Steinhardt
Steinhardt
William Steinhardt
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texts: International Mineralogical Association and given the name "decagonite." Three more crystalline minerals were also discovered and named after colleagues involved in <mask>'s quasicrystal research: “hollisterite,” for Princeton petrologist Lincoln Hollister; “kryachkoite,” for Russian geologist Valery Kryachko; and “stolperite,” for Caltech's former provost Ed Stolper. The first quasicrystal found in the first atomic bomb test: In 2021, <mask> led the team that discovered a novel icosahedral quasicrystal created by the detonation of the first nuclear device at Alamogordo, New Mexico, on July 16, 1945 (the Trinity test). The new quasicrystal was discovered within a sample of red trinitite and is the oldest extant anthropogenic quasicrystal ever discovered. The previously unknown structure, which is made of iron, silicon, copper and calcium, is thought to have been formed by the fusion of vaporized desert sand and copper cables during the atomic test blast.The discovery of a unique quasicrystal in trinitite could transform the field of nuclear forensics, leading to a new diagnostic tool  which could help law enforcement prevent future terrorist attacks by using quasicrystals (which unlike radioactive debris and gases do not decay) to identify the signature of an atomic weapon and track down the culprits. Other contributions to the field: <mask> and his collaborators have made significant contributions to understanding the quasicrystals’ unique mathematical and physical properties, including theories of how and why quasicrystals form and their elastic and hydrodynamics properties. Peter J. Lu and <mask> discovered a quasicrystalline Islamic tiling on the Darb-e Imam Shrine (1453 A.D.) in Isfahan,


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 Iran constructed from girih tiles. In 2007, they deciphered the manner in which early artists created increasingly complex periodic girih patterns. Those early designs were shown to have culminated in the development of a nearly perfect quasi-crystalline pattern five centuries before the discovery of Penrose patterns and the Steinhardt-Levine quasicrystal theory. Photonics and hyperuniformity

<mask>'s research on quasicrystals and other non-crystalline solids expanded into work on designer materials with novel photonic and phononic properties. Photonic quasicrystals: A team of researchers including <mask>, <mask>, Weining Man and Mischa Megens designed and tested the first photonic quasicrystal with icosahedral symmetry in 2005.They were the first to demonstrate the existence of photonic band gaps ("PBGs"). These materials block light for a finite range of frequencies (or colors) and let pass light with frequencies outside that band, similar to the way in which a semiconductor blocks electrons for a finite range of energies. Hyperuniform disordered solids (HUDS): Working with Salvatore Torquato and Marian Florescu, in 2009 <mask> discovered a new class of photonic materials called hyperuniform disordered solids (HUDS), and showed that solids consisting of a hyperuniform disordered arrangement of dielectric elements produce band gaps with perfect spherical symmetry. These materials, which act as isotropic semiconductors for light, can be used to control and manipulate light in a wide range of applications including optical communications, photonic computers, energy harvesting, non-linear optics and improved light sources. Phoamtonics: In 2019, <mask>, along with Michael Klatt and Torquato,

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Steinhardt
Steinhardt
Paul Chaikin
Steinhardt
Steinhardt


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 introduced the idea of “phoamtonics,” which refers to photonic materials based on foam-like designs. They showed that large photonic bandgaps could arise in network structures created by converting the foam edges (intersections between foam bubbles) to a dielectric material for the two most famous crystalline foam structures, Kelvin foams and Weiare-Phelan foams. Etaphase Inc.: The meta-material breakthroughs by <mask> and his Princeton colleagues have valuable commercial applications.In 2012, the scientists helped create a start-up company called Etaphase, which will apply their discoveries to a wide range of high performance products. The inventions will be used in integrated circuits, structural materials, photonics, communications, chip-to-chip communications, intra-chip communications, sensors, datacomm, networking, and solar applications. Amorphous solids

<mask>'s research in disordered forms of matter has centered on the structure and properties of glasses and amorphous semiconductors, and amorphous metals. He constructed the first computer generated continuous random network (CRN) model of glass and amorphous silicon in 1973, while still an undergraduate at Caltech. CRNs remain the leading model of amorphous silicon and other semiconductors today. Working with Richard Alben and D. Weaire, he used the computer model to predict structural and electronic properties. Working with David Nelson and Marco Ronchetti, <mask> formulated mathematical expressions, known as "orientational order parameters", for computing the degree of alignment of interatomic bonds in liquids and solids in 1981.Applying them to computer simulations of monatomic supercooled liquids, they showed that the atoms form


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 arrangements with finite-range icosahedral (soccer-ball like) bond orientational order as liquids cool. Honors and awards

  In 1986, <mask> was elected as a Fellow in the American Physical Society in recognition of his contributions to cosmology and to the theoretical understanding of quasicrystals. In 1994, he was named a Guggenheim Fellow. In 1998, he was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences. In 2002, <mask> was honored for his work on the inflationary model of the universe with the P.A.M. Dirac Medal from the International Centre for Theoretical Physics. He shared the award with Alan Guth of MIT and Andrei Linde of Stanford. In 2010, <mask> received the Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize of the American Physical Society for his pioneering contributions to the theory of quasicrystals.In 2012, he received the John Scott Award for his work on quasicrystals. In 2012, <mask> was named Simons Fellow in Theoretical Physics and Radcliffe Fellow at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard. In 2014, he received the Caltech Distinguished Alumni Award. In 2014, the International Mineralogical Association accepted a new mineral from the Khatyrka meteorite into the official catalogue of natural minerals, and named it "steinhardtite" in his honor. In 2018, he shared the Aspen Institute Italia Award with Luca Bindi for scientific research and collaboration between Italy and the United States. References

1952 births
Living people
American cosmologists
Harvard University alumni
University of Pennsylvania faculty
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
21st-century American physicists
American string theorists
Fellows of the American Physical


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<mask> (born 5 August 1985) better known as simply <mask> or Nali, is an Italian singer-songwriter, Record producer and TV personality. After being part of two bands, Elaphe Guttata and leNoire (Ex Malvasia), she became famous after participating in the tenth edition of the talent show Amici di Maria De Filippi in 2010–2011, where she finished in second place. Subsequently, <mask> participated in the Festival of Sanremo 2013 with the song "Scintille" and finished ninth. <mask> participated at the Sanremo Music Festival 2015 with the song "Una finestra tra le stelle" and finished fourth. In 2016, she returned to the Sanremo Music Festival with the single "Il diluvio universale" finishing eleventh, and again in the 2018 edition with "Il mondo prima di te", finishing third, and most recently she finished seventh with "Dieci" in Sanremo 2021. She received several awards, including a MTV Europe Music Award, a Wind Music Award and a Lutezia Award for her songwriting works, and nominations at the Kid's Choice Award and World Music Awards. She has recorded 6 albums and 25 singles, receiving 8 Platinum disc and 10 Gold discs, and selling over 1 million copies.She also wrote songs for other artists including Gianna Nannini, Fedez, Benji & Fede and collaborated with Antonello Venditti, Gianluca Grignani, Marcella Bella and Nomadi. From 2015 to 2019 she hosted the science divulgation tv program Tutta colpa di ... – Quelli del Cern on Italia 1. Early life
She grew up in Carcare and studied music and singing from an early age. From the age of 13, she worked as a bartender and musician. In 2009 she graduated from the University of Turin in Physics. Music

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Annalisa Scarrone
Annalisa
Annalisa
Annalisa


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 career

2011-2013: Nali, Mentre tutto cambia and Non so ballare

In 2011 Annalisa took part at the 10th edition of the Italian talent show Amici di Maria De Filippi where she finished second and also received the critics' prize. In March 2011 her first album Nali was released; it reached number 2 in the official Italian album chart by FIMI and was certified platinum.Her first single "Diamante lei e luce lui", that reached the ninth position in the official Italian single chart in 2012, was certified gold. In addition this single won the Premio Videoclip Italiano 2011. Her second single "Giorno per giorno" was released on 27 May 2011. "Senza riserva", from the second album Mentre tutto cambia, was released on 16 March 2012 and later certified platinum. The second single of her second album was "Tra due minuti è primavera". The last single from Mentre tutto cambia was "Per una notte o per sempre". At the end of the same year <mask> sang "Pirati", which featured in the Italian version of the film Ice Age: Continental Drift.In 2013, she participated at the Sanremo Music Festival and finished ninth, with the single "Scintille". At the same time, her third album Non so ballare was released and reached the sixth position in the official Italian album chart. Also during 2013, <mask> represented Italy at the OGAE Song Contest with the song "Alice e il blu", the second single from the album Non so ballare, and finished third. At the same time, she had two nominations for Best Female Artist and Best Video with the song "Alice e il blu" at World Music Awards. She subsequently represented Italy at the International Song Contest: The Global Sound with

masks: Annalisa Annalisa


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 "Scintille", and in November won the competition. The third single from Non so ballare was "A modo mio amo" and its videoclip was a collage of the previous ones. In December 2013 Roberto Casalino, the author of many Annalisa's songs, announced that "Tutto sommato" from the second studio album Mentre tutto cambia, featured on the soundtrack of the Dutch film Toscaanse Bruiloft.In January 2014 the album was released in the Netherlands and "Tutto sommato" featured as a single. For these reasons, in January 2014 the singer was sent for the first time abroad to promote the film and her first album published abroad. The film also contains the two bonus tracks of the digital version of the Dutch iTunes album, the song "Non so ballare" and the unreleased song, "Capirai". 2014-2016: Splende and Se avessi un cuore

On 1 April 2014 she made a guest appearance on Incredibile, the new studio album of Moreno, featuring on the song "Ferire per amare". On 14 April 2014 is revealed in the official Facebook page of the singer that "Sento solo il presente" is the single that anticipates the release of her fourth studio album. The song was released in Italy on 5 May 2014. It reached, the seventh position in the official Italian single chart.In May 2014 she worked as an author of the song "Siamo amore" for the competitor of the thirteenth edition of the talent show Amici, Giada Agasucci. She and Marco Ciappelli wrote the lyrics of the song, while the music was written by Francesco Sighieri and Diego Calvetti. "Siamo amore" was added to Giada album called Da capo and was released as a single on 20 June 2014. In September 2014 she released the single "L'ultimo addio".


texts: The text of the song was written by Annalisa and Marco Ciappelli, while the music was written by Francesco Sighieri. Annalisa collaborated with Italian rapper Raige, on the single "Dimenticare", released on 9 December 2014. On 14 December 2014, is announced as a competitor of Sanremo Music Festival 2015 with the song "Una finestra tra le stelle" and finished fourth.Along with the songs "Sento solo il presente" and "L'ultimo addio", "Una finestra tra le stelle" anticipated the release of the fourth album. On 23 January 2015, through the official page of Facebook of the singer, is also announced the title of the new album, Splende, available from 12 February. Were announced the first two dates of the tour, on 1 April, at the Teatro Nuovo of Milan and 3 to Auditorium Parco della Musica of Rome, with pre-sales open from 26 January. On 8 March 2015, "Una finestra tra le stelle" was certified gold for sales over 25,000 in digital and on 8 May 2015 was certified platinum for sales over 50,000 in digital. Her fourth single from Splende, "Vincerò", was published on 15 May 2015 and on 7 September 2015 was certified gold is certified gold for sales over 25,000 in digital. Annalisa announced 12 September 2015 in their official Facebook page, the output in the same month of the fifth single. With a countdown game, with images for clues on 14 September announced the name of the song, "Splende".The single was released on 18 September. In 2016, she participated at the Sanremo Music Festival and finished eleventh, with the single "Il diluvio universale". The song anticipated her fifth album, Se avessi un cuore, which debuted at number four on the Italian Album


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 Chart. On 15 April 2016, the singer published her second lead single, "Se avessi un cuore", which was later certified gold by Fimi. 2017-present: Bye Bye and Nuda
On 30 August 2017, the singer revealed she was working on the new discographic project and after a month, the first single, "Direzione la vita", was released. On 16 February 2018, she released the studio album Bye Bye. The album peaked at number two of FIMI's chart, receiving later the gold certification.Annalisa took part at the Sanremo Music Festival for the fourth time in 2018 and finished third, with the song "Il mondo prima di te" (English: The world before you). the song becomes the one that has reached the highest position of the singer in the Italian chart, peaking at number three. In 2018, she released other two singles: "Bye Bye" and "Un domani", both certified platinum with over 50,000 copies sold. In 2019, <mask> released the single "Vento sulla luna", with featuring vocals by Italian rapper Rkomi. On 13 April 2020, she released "Houseparty", the second single of her upcoming seventh studio album. In 2020, <mask> collaborated with J-Ax for "Supercalifragili", as the third single from rapper's album Reale, and with Achille Lauro in "Sweet Dreams". In September 2020, the singer released her seventh studio album Nuda, with the third single "Tsunami".The singer participated at the Sanremo Music Festival 2021, with the single "Dieci", whitch was certified platinum with over 70,000 copies sold. On 28 May 2021 "Movimento lento" was published as the second single from the re-issue of her seventh studio album Nuda10. The song peaked at number 8 on the FIMI Singles Chart and was


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<mask>  (born May 16, 1953) is an American musician who is best known as the lead singer and bassist of 1980s band Mr. Mister. The band's hits include "Broken Wings" and "Kyrie". <mask> has also sung in other bands, been a solo artist, written songs for other artists, and worked as a background singer for other artists. Early life
<mask> graduated from Central High School in Phoenix, Arizona. His mother worked as the Assistant Director of the Phoenix Boys Choir, while his father was a musical director at a Phoenix church. During high school, <mask> performed in school musicals such as Oliver! <mask> cited that his musical influences at this stage included The Beatles and The Beach Boys.Immediately following his high school graduation, he moved to Hollywood. Career
In Los Angeles, <mask> and Steve George, a friend from Phoenix, “knocked around the LA music scene, eventually working with topflight acts like REO Speedwagon, Andy Gibb, Al Jarreau, and Kenny Loggins.” <mask> turned down an offer to be the lead singer for the bands Chicago and Toto. <mask>'s first major band, Pages, was formed with Steve George in the late 1970s. After producing three "Pages" albums, <mask> and George formed Mr. Mister along with Steve Farris and Pat Mastelotto. <mask> was on vocals/bass, George handled keyboards, Farris played guitar, and Mastelotto was on drums. <mask> is best known for his work with Mr. Mister. The band's first album was I Wear The Face (1984).<mask> has said that in this album the band was "just getting together and figuring out" how they wanted to sound. As frontman for Mr. Mister, <mask> scored two consecutive Hot 100 No. 1's with the singles "Broken Wings" and "Kyrie", both of which <mask>

masks:
Richard Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
Page
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 composed in collaboration with his cousin, John Lang. Both songs were released in 1985 and appeared on Mr. Mister's breakthrough second album, Welcome to the Real World, which also came out in 1985 and reached No. 1 on the albums charts. The group was nominated for several Grammy Awards, including Best Pop Band in 1986. The band scored another hit with "Is It Love" (1986), which reached no.8 in the charts. Mr. Mister's third album, Go On… was released in 1987. In an interview, <mask> said that the band "tried many new and different sounds and ideas" and that it included some of the band's best songwriting. Before breaking up on September 25, 1990, the group recorded a fourth Mr. Mister album, Pull, in 1989. The album was not released until 2010. <mask> has described "Pull" (2010) as the group's "most experimental album." Many of <mask>'s songs for Mr. Mister, and many of his solo numbers, were co-written with Steve George and John Lang.<mask> has also been a solo artist, and he has worked as a background singer for other artists and bands. He has written songs for popular artists such as Barbra Streisand, Celine Dion, Dionne Warwick, and Josh Groban, among others. <mask> released his first solo album, Shelter Me, in 1996. It featured the singles "The Best Thing" and "My Oxygen", a remake of Nik Kershaw's hit. Based on a recommendation by his friend, songwriter <mask>, Ringo Starr approached <mask> to join his 11th All-Starr Band and, in the summer of 2010, they embarked on a 32-date U.S. tour and, then in 2011, they embarked on a 40-date Europe tour. <mask> also toured with Ringo's 12th All-Starr Band in the summer of 2012, 2013, and 2017. Personal life
<mask> and his wife, Linda, have four

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Page
Page
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Richard Marx
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<mask> (born November 9, 1959) is a part-owner and former executive vice president of basketball operations of the Los Angeles Lakers in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is the son of former Lakers owner <mask>. Buss was president of the Los Angeles Lazers professional indoor soccer team from 1985–1989. He later trained thoroughbred race horses for nine years before joining the Lakers in 1998 as an assistant general manager. He was promoted to vice president of basketball operations in 2005. After his father Jerry died in 2013,  his controlling ownership of the Lakers passed to his children via a family trust, with each child receiving an equal interest. Early life
Buss was born the second of four children to Jo Ann and <mask>.He grew up with older brother Johnny and sisters Jeanie and Janie. Their parents divorced in 1972. Buss attended college at University of Southern California (USC), majoring in math before he dropped out. He spent much of his youth at race tracks. Although he stood , Buss attended jockey school when he was 20. Professional career
Buss invested in a small business with his best friend, but the friend died in a car accident in 1981. The death left Buss devastated and lost, and the business was left to fade.In 1985, Buss became president of his father's indoor soccer team, the Los Angeles Lazers, after his brother Johnny had quit. Buss brought annual losses down from $1 million to $500,000, but the team folded in 1989. He next became a horse trainer, receiving from his father the half-dozen thoroughbreds he owned. In 1997, Jerry divested himself of his horse racing stock that was increasingly unprofitable. Shortly after, he invited his son to join the Lakers, a basketball team he acquired in 1979 and built into one of the most lucrative and popular franchises in all of sports. Buss started with the Lakers in 1998 as

masks:
James Hatten Buss
Jerry Buss
Jerry Buss


texts: an apprentice to general manager Jerry West and his assistant, Mitch Kupchak. During an interview with Sports Illustrated for its November 1998 issue, <mask> shared his thoughts on scouting, saying: "Evaluating basketball talent is not too difficult.If you grabbed 10 fans out of a bar and asked them to rate prospects, their opinions would be pretty much identical to those of the pro scouts." He later said he was trying to compliment Lakers scouts, who faced a challenge with the team usually picking late in the NBA Draft compared to the consensus that he believed existed with lottery picks, but the quote became controversial nevertheless. Buss continued to learn the basketball business from his father as well as West and then Kupchak, who was promoted to general manager in 2000. After the Lakers lost in the 2004 NBA Finals, Buss decided that the Lakers would sign Rudy Tomjanovich to replace the outgoing Phil Jackson. That summer, Tomjanovich was signed to a five-year, $30 million contract. Tomjanovich resigned after a half season, citing mental and physical exhaustion. The Lakers paid him a $10 million settlement, leading to speculation that the Lakers had instead terminated his contract.In 2005, Buss was promoted to vice president of player personnel. His father's plan was to have Buss handle the basketball decisions for the team, while his sister Jeanie, the vice president of business operations, handled the business side of the Lakers. In the 2005 draft, Buss was a key proponent of selecting 17-year old high school center Andrew Bynum, a decision that his father needed to approve. Buss said, "I just absolutely fell in love with [Bynum] in five minutes [watching his workout]." He was also involved in rehiring Jackson as Lakers coach. Buss was the only family member present at Jackson's welcome-back news conference, which the Los Angeles Daily


texts: News wrote "was viewed as significant". Buss stuck with Bynum as he struggled with immaturity and injuries, and he withstood demands from Bryant that Bynum be traded.After Jackson retired in 2011, Buss explicitly told coaching candidates Brian Shaw and Mike Brown that Bynum needed to receive the ball inside. Shaw was passed over as Jackson's replacement although the Lakers assistant was openly supported by players. Buss instead hired Brown without consulting their star player, Kobe Bryant. He later said it was a mistake to not involve Bryant. Shaw was not bitter that the Lakers went with Brown, but he was disappointed that after 12 years of service, they did not contact him until three weeks after their decision. The well-respected Shaw atypically criticized Buss in a radio interview over his treatment during the hiring cycle. The offseason also included the NBA player lockout, during which the Lakers let go of nearly two dozen employees with a combined 100 years of experience from the basketball operations staff.Assistant General Manager Ronnie Lester, whose contract was not renewed after 24 years with the team, said "great organizations don't treat their personnel like they've done." CBSSports.com wrote that NBA executives are typically discreet, and Lester's public criticism "shows how strongly he feels the Lakers were in the wrong here". Buss feared the season would be cancelled, and said that "we had to do what we had to do. It’s not fun; there’s no question about that." The lockout ended in the winter of 2011. Prior to the start of the 2011–12 season, Buss had a deal in place to acquire Chris Paul from the New Orleans Hornets for Pau Gasol and Lamar Odom, but NBA commissioner David Stern blocked the trade. That season, Brown expanded Bynum's role.The next season, the Lakers acquired Steve Nash and upgraded at center, trading Bynum for Dwight


texts: Howard. The acquisition of Howard appeared to be the start of a new dynasty for the Lakers. With their $100 million payroll, the Lakers were expected to be title contenders. Instead, Brown was fired after a 1–4 start; his dismissal after five games was the third-fastest coaching change in NBA history. In a unanimous decision by Buss, his father, and Mitch Kupchak, the Lakers decided against re-hiring Jackson and signed Mike D'Antoni instead. According to NBA.com, Jerry by that time was no longer involved in the Lakers' day-to-day affairs, and rarely exercised his veto powers. Buss, however, said his father continued to be "involved in every decision" in the final months of his life, and he chose D'Antoni.After being passed over in favor of Brown in 2011, Shaw said he was informed by Jerry that "his son is in control now, and he has to let him make whatever decisions that he makes." The 2012–13 season ended up being a disappointment, with Buss saying "we didn't get to realize the dream of four Hall of Famers on the same team." After <mask> died in 2013, his 66% controlling ownership of the Lakers passed to his six children via a trust, with each child receiving an equal vote. Jerry's succession plan had Jeanie assume his previous title as the Lakers' governor as well as its team representative at NBA Board of Governors meetings. After the season, the Lakers were unable to re-sign the free agent Howard, who joined the Houston Rockets while accepting $30 million less than the Lakers offer. Sister Jeanie commented that she "would be more comfortable [with her business relationship with Buss] if I understood what the [basketball] decision process was, and I’m not always involved in it." In 2013–14, Jeanie became Lakers president, and her role included overseeing the team's basketball operations while working with Buss, who continued as Lakers executive


texts:
 VP of basketball operations.Former Lakers player and part owner Magic Johnson, who was also close to Buss' father, believed that Buss needed to put aside his ego and seek assistance to help the Lakers recruit against rival teams for free agent players. That season, Buss signed Bryant to a two-year extension worth $48.5 million, even before Bryant had recovered from an Achilles tendon tear. The Los Angeles Times called the deal "one of many terrible Lakers moves" that year. In January 2014, Buss pledged to his siblings that he would step down if the Lakers were not contending for the Western Conference championship in three to four years. According to Jeanie, she was holding him to his self-imposed deadline, and was expecting him to lead the Lakers to at least the second round of the playoffs by 2016–17. On February 21, 2017, <mask> was fired as head of basketball operations of the Lakers, though he would continue to be a part owner of the team. After a dispute with Jeanie over ownership of the team, <mask> was removed as a trustee of the Buss family trust and lost his position on the Lakers board of directors.Public image
Buss is introverted and avoids the spotlight, and has never joined any on-court public ceremony for the Lakers. He rarely spoke in public as a Lakers executive, while general manager Mitch Kupchak usually handled the speaking responsibilities regarding player personnel. Buss is sometimes portrayed in the Los Angeles media as a slacker with his father's tastes but without his business savvy. In 2013, Buss said the playboy image stemmed from his clubbing with his dad 30 years earlier, but stated that he became a "stay-at-home guy. That's where I like to work." Public perception is that Buss was instrumental in distancing the team from Jackson, including discounting his assistant Shaw from succeeding him as Lakers head coach. During

masks: Buss Buss


texts:
 his interview for the position, Shaw said he had to defend Jackson when Buss spoke negatively of their former coach.In a May 2011 interview, Jackson said "there's really not a relationship" with him and Buss. However, Buss in 2013 denied the perception of his relationship with Jackson. "I have zero problem with Phil, and Phil has zero problem with me." Buss said he would be fine if Jackson, who is engaged to Buss' sister Jeanie, was on the Lakers' payroll, but only as a consultant. According to Jeanie, Jackson served as an unofficial consultant: "Phil is a part of the organization because of me ... <mask> and Mitch know Phil is a phone call away." Kupchak confirmed that he had interacted with Jackson on unspecified team issues. However,  Jackson did not envision a role on the team unless there was "some seismic shift" in the organization.Jeanie also said the Lakers were "in good hands" with Buss and Kupchak in their current roles. The Orange County Register, though,  wrote that "many fans would love to imagine" Jackson returning to the Lakers to replace Buss as the leader of basketball operations, and teaming with Jeanie to build a championship team. In 2014, public pressure mounted on the Buss family to hire Jackson, as he was discussing a front office position with the New York Knicks. However, the Lakers did not have a suitable front office role to offer him, and Jackson joined the Knicks as their president of basketball operations. Personal life
Buss married in 1983, and the couple adopted a son, Jager. Buss and his wife separated months later, but continued living together for six months while a social worker was monitoring the adoption. They divorced in late 1985 with Buss gaining sole custody of their son.Notes

References

1959 births
Living people
Los Angeles Lakers executives
Los Angeles Lakers owners
University of Southern California


texts:
<mask> (Jawi: شهرير بن عبدالصمد; born 22 November 1949) is a Malaysian politician who was the Minister of Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs (2008-2009), a Member of Parliament of Malaysia and the former chairman of the Barisan Nasional Backbenchers Club (BNBBC). He is a member of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), the largest political component party in the former ruling Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition. In Parliament – specifically the lower house of Parliament of Malaysia, the Dewan Rakyat – he represented the constituency of Johor Bahru in the state of Johor for six non-consecutive terms. (1978-1990, 2004–2018). <mask>, the Member of Parliament for Shah Alam, Selangor from the National Trust Party (Amanah) of Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition; is the younger brother of <mask>. He was appointed as the chairman of Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA) from 1 January 2017 to 14 May 2018. Early life and career
<mask> was born in Kuantan, Pahang, and attended local primary schools.He later attended the Malay College Kuala Kangsar (MCKK) for his secondary education. He went on to gain an economics degree from the University of Malaya in Statistics, and a Master of Business Administration from the International Institute for Management Development in Lausanne, Switzerland. In 1973 he became the youngest political secretary in the country when he became political secretary to Musa Hitam, later Deputy Prime Minister. After his tenure expired in 1975, he became political secretary to Prime Minister Tun <mask> till 1976. <mask> first ran for public office in the 1978 general election, when he won the Parliamentary seat of Johor Bahru. He was initially appointed Deputy Minister, of Trade and Industry, but later became Minister of Welfare, Youth and Sports, and in 1987 took up the post

masks:
Shahrir bin Abdul Samad
Khalid Abdul Samad
Shahrir
Shahrir
Abdul Razak
Shahrir


texts:
 of Federal Territory Minister. He also served as political secretary to Prime Minister Tun Hussein Onn from 1983 to 1986.<mask> was sacked that year in the events leading up to the 1988 Malaysian constitutional crisis and Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah's challenge to Prime Minister and UMNO President Mahathir Mohamad. In 1988, <mask> resigned from his Parliamentary seat, and ran for re-election in the resulting by-election as an independent. A year later, he rejoined UMNO, while Razaleigh went on to form Parti Melayu Semangat 46 (S46). He subsequently was dropped as UMNO candidate in the 1990, 1995 and 1999 general elections. Later political career
In 2004, he returned to run for 11th general election in Johor Bahru on a BN-UMNO ticket, and won. He later claimed that then Prime Minister Tun <mask> Badawi had offered him a post in the Cabinet, but declined, citing the large number of qualified MPs. Instead, he went on to chair the Public Accounts Committee in the Dewan Rakyat.He was link to the Generasi Profesional dan Pewaris Bangsa (PROWARIS), an NGO attempted to raise a third voice in order to influence the UMNO party; which was more incline to the ex-prime minister Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamed. 2006 controversy
On 4 May 2006, <mask> announced his resignation as chairman of the Barisan Nasional Backbenchers Club (BNBBC). Earlier that day, Parliament had been discussing the issue of a member of parliament (MP) who allegedly asked the Melaka Customs and Excise Department to "close one eye" to an illegal import shipment of timber. Lim Kit Siang of the Democratic Action Party (DAP) and the Leader of the Opposition moved a motion to refer the MP in question to the Dewan Rakyat House Committee of Rights and Privileges. Several BN MPs quickly voiced their disagreement with the motion, but <mask> – according

masks:
Shahrir
Shahrir
Abdullah Ahmad
Shahrir
Shahrir


texts: to one source – "shocked the House" when he stood and spoke in favour of the motion in order "to maintain the integrity of parliamentarians and Parliament". The motion was eventually rejected – in line with the BN policy of not supporting motions moved by the opposition – by the House. Shahrir walked out of the House and held a press conference in the Parliament lobby, telling reporters that "Even though it was an Opposition motion, we should support it for its importance to MPs and the House."He then announced his resignation as the Chairman of the BNBBC. The Deputy chairman, Raja Ahmad Zainuddin Raja Omar, later told reporters he would attempt to persuade Shahrir to stay on. After an emergency meeting, the BNBBC also announced they would ask Shahrir to stay on. In the meantime, the MP for Jasin, Mohammad Said Yusof, said he was the MP implicated in the matter. However, he insisted he had only asked for leniency on the grounds that the timber had been found to be illegal due to a technicality. Minister in the Prime Minister's Department in charge of Parliamentary Affairs, Datuk Seri Mohamed Nazri Aziz, said that "It is not that we disagree with Shahrir but it's an opposition motion and we usually reject their motions." He also told the press that the House Rights and Privileges Committee could not have an unnamed MP referred to it on the basis of a newspaper report.Nazri said that the Customs chief would have to complain to the Speaker and name the MP in question. Later that week, Shahrir met with then Deputy Prime Minister and BN Chief Whip, Dato' Sri Najib Tun Razak to officially submit his resignation. While Najib accepted it, it was not immediately clear if he would initiate disciplinary action against Shahrir for breaking ranks with the party. Shahrir initially insisted that "This is not


texts: a party matter," but later told the press that he resigned "as I had breached the party's directive against supporting an Opposition motion." Later, several backbenchers demanded that Shahrir's resignation be rescinded. The BNBBC secretary, Rosli Mat Hassan (MP for Dungun) issued a statement on the behalf of other backbenchers where he declared, "the unwritten rule that presently [makes] it mandatory for BN MPs to oppose any opposition motion regardless of merit [runs] counter to basic parliamentary practice and [infringes] on the duties of MPs". It was reported that Zaid Ibrahim, MP for Kota Bharu, was now leading a campaign to re-elect Shahrir as the BNBBC chairman.<mask>'s supporters said that it was their right to decide who led them, and implied that this was not Najib's prerogative. At the same time, the BNBBC's official position on the issue was that Shahrir had procedurally erred in supporting the motion, as the matter was beyond the purview of the Committee in question, which exists only to prevent a breach or abuse of Parliamentary privileges. A spokesperson also said that "The current procedure now is MPs must give a written notice to the Speaker, and only when the Speaker is satisfied, can the House decide whether the matter should be referred to the committee. ... In this episode, it was all done in a blink of an eye." <mask> later reversed himself, saying "I made a mistake in regard to the parliamentary procedure involved. However, based on the political model, there was no mistake."The following day, the then Prime Minister Tun <mask> Badawi issued an official directive on the matter, affirming that MPs could only vote along party lines. Zaid and most of the other backbenchers who had backed further autonomy told the press they accepted the decision. However, Rosli clashed with

masks:
Shahrir
Shahrir
Abdullah Ahmad


texts:
 Minister in the Prime Minister's Department in charge of Parliamentary Affairs and Deputy Chief Whip Nazri Aziz, who said that "The Whip is only relaxed when it is lifted by the chief or the deputy chief Whip." Rosli said "...in the absence of his [the Chief Whip's] direction, the general rule is to that MPs are to vote according to their conscience..." Although many backbenchers said they considered Shahrir the BNBBC chairman, <mask> said that the government had planned to sack Shahrir, "But before we could do that he resigned, and we respect his decision." Ministership 2008–2009
In 2008, following the 12th general election which saw BN's majority significantly slashed, Tun <mask> Badawi appointed Shahrir as Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs Minister. In the 2009 UMNO General Assembly, Shahrir lost his bid for a place in the Supreme Council and consequently resigned from the Cabinet. Election results

Honours

Honours of Malaysia
  :
  Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (PSM) – Tan Sri (2012)
  :
  Grand Knight of the Order of the Territorial Crown (SUMW) – Datuk Seri Utama (2010)
  :
  Sultan Ibrahim Medal (PIS) (1979)
  Knight Commander of the Order of the Crown of Johor (DPMJ) – Dato' (1980)

Notes and references

Other references
<mask>, Shahrir <mask> (2005)."shahrir-umno". Retrieved 29 October 2005. External links
Official website. UMNO Bhg Johor Bahru. 1949 births
Living people
People from Pahang
Malaysian people of Malay descent
Malaysian Muslims
United Malays National Organisation politicians
Independent politicians in Malaysia
Members of the Dewan Rakyat
Government ministers of Malaysia
University of Malaya alumni
Commanders of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia
Knights Commander of the Order of the Crown of Johor
21st-century Malaysian

masks:
Abdullah
Abdullah Ahmad
Samad
Abdul


texts:
<mask>'Gallagher (October 2, 1917 – December 4, 2007) was an avant-garde sound artist, painter and teacher whose San Francisco studio became an early gathering place for Beat writers and poets in the 1950s. He was integral to the creation of foundations and centers for human growth, including Feathered Pipe Ranch, The Ojai Foundation and the Beatrice Wood Center for the Arts. Early life

Born William Gallagher in Oakland, California, the tenth of eleven children, the artist adopted the more traditional rendering of his name after visiting relatives in Ireland. Author Aldous Huxley had a major impact on O'Gallagher's life, encouraging him to pursue a career in the arts, which led to him studying with Hans Hofmann in Greenwich Village in 1946. Meeting members of the Ojai Players, a theatrical group focusing on the work of Anton Chekhov, he was invited to paint their sets at the High Valley Theatre in Ojai, California. In Ojai, he began a number of lifelong friendships with remarkable individuals including the actress Iris Tree, artist Beatrice Wood and Rosalind Rajagopal, who invited him to teach art at the recently created Happy Valley School (now the Besant Hill School of Happy Valley. Meeting the Indian philosopher J. Krishnamurti had a major impact on O'Gallagher's philosophical views, which became increasingly concerned with mystical experience and creating social change.Career

Moving to San Francisco, O' Gallagher and his life-partner Robert Rheem maintained a studio, where they created Abstract Expressionist paintings in the area's Chinatown district during the 1950s and 1960s, where they interacted with a


texts:
 number of artists, writers and philosophers including Richard Brautigan, Jess Collins, Robert Duncan, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac, Michael McClure, Jean Varda and Alan Watts. Familiar with the Beat Scene in North Beach, O'Gallagher assisted Dr. Francis J. Rigney in researching his book The Real Bohemia: A Sociological and Psychological Study of The "Beats". Experience with psychedelic drugs

Influenced by Aldous Huxley and Gerald Heard, <mask> became interested in the potential of LSD and in 1959 he traveled to Mexico with Robert Rheem, Dr. Barbara Brown and Laura Huxley to visit the home of Indra Devi, where he was given a dose of the then legal drug. Having an ecstatic experience on LSD, he returned to San Francisco with an increased interest in mystical experience. In 1962, O'Gallagher tried Psilocybin and the experience was filmed by Michael McClure and later used in a film titled Chinatown Trip, created by Kevin Wallace. Despite his belief that both experiences were positive and expanded his consciousness, O'Gallagher never took any form of recreational drug again and cautioned others about doing so. Beyond painting

In 1963, O'Gallagher was invited to the Marcel Duchamp retrospective exhibition at the Pasadena Art Museum, as well as the private party that followed, where he met Duchamp along with Andy Warhol, whose first gallery exhibition in Los Angeles coincided with the event.Duchamp would prove a major influence on O'Gallagher's work and the friendship with Warhol continued. In 1966, when Warhol's Exploding Plastic Inevitable travelled to San Francisco, O'Gallagher and Rheem threw


texts:
 a party for the group, attended by Warhol and members of the Velvet Underground. In the late 1960s, O'Gallagher felt that the future of art was concerned with new technologies as opposed to painting. He was also writing a great deal and published Planet Noise, a book of poetry that utilized the "cut-up" method he'd learned from William Burroughs and was published in a number of international magazines. He experimented with alternative printing processes, happenings and sound experiments. In 1969, he collaborated with pioneering choreographer Anna Halprin on Ceremony of Us, which featured African-American dancers from the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles and dancers from Halprin's San Francisco Dancers' Workshop, who were primarily white. Ceremony of Us premiered at the Mark Taper Forum in Los Angeles and resulted in a record by Charles Amirkanian and O'Gallagher, funded by Jim Newman's Dilexi Gallery.In 1972, O'Gallagher's The Blue Planet Notebooks was published, which featured prose, poetry, graphics, collage and experiments with creating art utilizing computers. In the book's introduction, artist, writer and critic Richard Kostelanetz wrote, "<mask>'Gallagher is a genuine polyartist, whose adventurous imagination has already moved through several media and will probably pioneer a few more. It is characteristic that he should be, if only 'in passing' one of the finest visual poets ever seen in America. He takes deep walks in all kinds of space, both inner and outer, artistic and socio-futurological, implicitly instigating jumps in time." Centers for human growth

In the early 1970s, O'Gallagher turned his


texts:
 attention to creating social change through bringing like-minded people together. He was central in creating Feathered Pipe Ranch, working with Jermaine "Jerry" Duncan and India Supera. Arranging the sale of Bear Creek Lodge, which had belonged to Robert Rheem's parents, he assisted in transforming it into a center for human growth, with Feathered Pipe Ranch evolving into an early yoga center.In 1973, O'Gallagher and Rheem returned to Ojai, transforming the former High Valley Theater into a home and studio and spending time with their friends Rosalind Rajagopal and Beatrice Wood. He convinced Rajagopal to make land available for a new venture, which was originally connected with The Human Dimensions Institute, but evolved into the Ojai Foundation when he brought Joan Halifax from New York City to become its Director. Following the death of Beatrice Wood in 1998, O'Gallagher and Rheem were central to the creation of the Beatrice Wood Center for the Arts in the artist's former home. Later work

In the mid-1980s, O'Gallagher and Rheem settled in Santa Barbara, California, where O'Gallagher began a series of smaller canvases that were highly original, yet still concerned with non-objective painting. He wrote poetry, conceptualized a multi-media work titled The 4th World and a set of cards titled Point of Departure. This work continued until his death, at which time the paintings and his intellectual property were given to the Beatrice Wood Center for the Arts, which has since featured the work in annual presentations. References

1917 births
2007 deaths
American sound artists
20th-century American painters
American


texts:
<mask> (born 20 December 1978) is a British writer and novelist best known for his sitcom Welcome to Our Village, Please Invade Carefully and his work on a variety of spin-offs from the BBC Television series Doctor Who. He has written books, comics, short stories, and for television and theatre, and has worked as a freelance journalist for various science fiction magazines. He is married and lives in Lancaster. Writing career

<mask>'s comedy writing career began in 2008 with material for Look Away Now. Since then his work has featured on That Mitchell and Webb Sound, Tilt, Play and Record, Newsjack, Recorded For Training Purposes and The Headset Set. The pilot episode of his sitcom  Welcome To Our Village, Please Invade Carefully  was broadcast on BBC Radio 2 on 5 July 2012. It starred Katherine Parkinson and Julian Rhind-Tutt.The Radio Times called it "the sitcom success story of 2012..." It became a full series, aired on BBC Radio 2 starting in March 2013, with Hattie Morahan replacing Katherine Parkinson. Doctor Who
His Doctor Who work includes the BBC 7 radio plays Phobos, Human Resources and Grand Theft Cosmos, the CD releases Memory Lane, The Condemned, The Raincloud Man and The Eight Truths, and several short stories for Big Finish's Doctor Who anthologies, Short Trips. He has contributed Doctor Who comic strips to Doctor Who Adventures and IDW. Between 2007 and 2009,

masks:
Eddie Robson
Robson


texts:
 <mask> was the producer of Big Finish's Bernice Summerfield range of products, and has contributed audio plays to the series. He has also written audio plays for other Big Finish ranges such as The Diary Of River Song, Blake's 7: The Liberator Chronicles. Books, comics and theatre
Apart from Doctor Who, <mask> has also written other comic strips including ones for 2000 AD, Transformers: Prime, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Captain America: Living Legend (with Andy Diggle). <mask> has also written books on film noir and the Coen Brothers for Virgin Publishing, the Doctor Who episode guide Who's Next with co-authors Mark Clapham and Jim Smith, and an illustrated adaptation of Bram Stoker's Dracula.He has written three children's books mixing fiction and tips for Fortnite. <mask> has worked with the Duke's Theatre on several productions including writing their 2015 Christmas show, Beauty and the Beast. In 2015, his debut novel Tomorrow Never Knows was published by Snowbooks. His second novel, Hearts of Oak, was published by Tor.com in 2020. Television
<mask> is a prolific writer of children's television, with credits including Sarah & Duck (2015-16), Class Dismissed (2016) and Tish-Tash (2021). Other television work included episodes of Hollyoaks (2014-2015), and the Chinese version of AMC's Humans, produced by Endemol Shine China and Croton Media. The show was broadcast in 2021 in

masks: Robson Robson Robson Robson Robson


texts:
<mask>Norkey" <mask> (13October 18839August 1915) was a New Zealand rugby union forward, who played for the All Blacks, and represented Taranaki and Wellington provinces. Playing for the Melrose Club in Wellington, he was selected in 1908 for the provincial team that played and defeated the Anglo-Welsh team on tour in New Zealand. After moving to Taranaki in 1910, he was soon selected to represent the province. Coming close to winning the Ranfurly Shield in 1912, a subsequent challenge the following year was successful against the longtime holders Auckland. He earned selection to the North Island team for the annual Inter-Island match and thereafter was picked to play for the All Blacks, first to play Australia and then for the tour of North America, in which he played 14 of the 16 games, including the 51–3 defeat of the All America team. Soon after the British Empire declared war on Germany on 5August 1914, <mask> signed up to the New Zealand Expeditionary Force, and took part in the expedition to occupy German Samoa, departing the day after he played for Taranaki defending a challenge from Wairarapa. On his return, he volunteered again for active service and enlisted in the Wellington Mounted Rifles, joining the machine gun section.After promotion to sergeant, he departed in October for Egypt. There, he captained his regiment's rugby team in matches against other New Zealand and Australian regiments. He landed at Anzac Cove on 8August 1915 and participated in the action to capture Chunuk Bair in the Gallipoli Campaign. The following day he was killed in action. Early life
<mask>, born 13 October 1883 in Foxton, New Zealand, was the son of Alexander and <mask>. He spent most of his early years in Wellington until moving to Taranaki in 1910

masks:
Henry "
Dewar
Dewar
Henry Dewar
Lydia Dewar


texts:
 where he worked as an iron moulder for B. Harkness of Stratford. Rugby career

<mask> first played for the Melrose Club in Wellington and was selected for Wellington province in 1907.In 1908, he was a member of the Wellington team that defeated the touring Anglo-Welsh 19–13 on 27May. The visitors played much of the game with fourteen players, only six forwards, after an injury in the first half: the captains, before the game, had agreed that there would be no substitutions for injury. <mask> and Rush, in particular, as well as Harding and Cracroft Wilson, bore the "heat and burden of a truly Homeric struggle." Later in the year, on 15August, he took part in a Ranfurly Shield challenge, which resulted in a heavy 24–3 defeat for Wellington at the hands of Auckland. The challengers, away to Auckland, were the underdogs but it was expected to be a close game, and at half-time Auckland were just leading by a conversion, 5–3. In the second half, Auckland's forwards imposed themselves on Wellington, who struggled to maintain the pace and were unable to respond to Auckland's scoring. <mask> moved to Taranaki in 1910, where he played his club rugby for Stratford; he captained the team in 1913.He was first selected for Taranaki that year and continued to represent the club until the outbreak of the First World War. In 1912, Taranaki, with <mask> in the team, came close to winning the Ranfurly Shield from Auckland, losing 6–5. In front of a 12,000-spectator home crowd, Auckland dominated in the first half, scoring six points through a try and a penalty kick. The second half saw Taranaki's forwards take control for long periods, resulting in a converted try, but despite ongoing attacks, the visitors were unable to add to their score and lost by just one

masks: Dewar Dewar Dewar Dewar


texts:
 point. 1913 Season
1913 saw <mask>'s best season. His provincial form saw him selected for the North Island in the annual Inter-Island match, having been nominated for inclusion the previous year but not selected. In the event, the North was beaten 25–0.He was then part of the Taranaki team that ended Auckland's long tenure of the Ranfurly Shield, in a game described as "the finest match... and the most exciting... ever witnessed in the history of the Ranfurly Shield". Taranaki controlled the first half, with the forwards stronger than their opponents in every aspect, scoring the first points. The visitors' lead of 0–3, however, changed to a half-time score of 5–3 in Auckland's favour after an injury temporarily reduced the opposition to fourteen men. Soon after the break, Taranaki took the lead through a try, and then a second — scored by Dewar, who was continuously "in the thick of it" — took them four points ahead, 5–9. The home side responded with two tries of their own to take back a two-point lead. Towards the end of the game, Taranaki scored one more try, which was converted and gave them a 14–11 victory to win the Shield for the first time: Auckland was the first team to be awarded the Shield in 1902 and, after Wellington won it in 1904, regained it and held on to it continuously from 1906. He also played in the Taranaki side that was only narrowly beaten by the touring Australians in 1913.His form in these games earned him a place with the All Blacks. On 6September 1913, he played in the 30–5 first test win over Australia at Athletic Park: Albert Downing and George Sellars played alongside him and were also later killed in action in the First World War. <mask> was then selected, along with four other Taranaki players, for the tour of

masks: Dewar Dewar