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 who was raised Catholic, raised their children celebrating the major holidays of both religions but did not give their children any religious identity. <mask> told the Los Angeles Times in 1998: "We do all the holidays to keep the traditions and the culture going, but I truly don't have a great feeling about any particular organized religion, and I don't think it's right to impose one on my kids. I feel like I'm bringing them up to be good people, and that's what it's about." The family resided in Beverly Hills, California, and they owned a vacation home in Interlaken, New Jersey. Throughout their relationship, <mask> and DeVito have acted alongside each other several times, including in the TV show Taxi and the feature film Matilda. <mask> and DeVito separated in October 2012.However, in March 2013, it was reported that they had reconciled. The couple later separated again for a second time in March 2017 on amicable terms. Although the two no longer live together, <mask> said she has no intention of divorcing DeVito. In 2019, <mask> told interviewer Andy Cohen that she and DeVito have become closer friends after their separation than they were in their final years as a couple. Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

1948 births
Living people
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from New York City
American film actresses
American television actresses
American people of Polish-Jewish descent
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
American voice actresses
Hunter College alumni
Jewish American actresses
Lafayette High School (New York City) alumni
New York (state) Democrats
Outstanding Performance by a Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series Primetime Emmy Award winners
People from Coney Island
People from Monmouth County, New Jersey
People from Bensonhurst, Brooklyn
21st-century


type: original

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<mask> of Anhalt (c. 113224 October 1184) was born as the third son of Sophie of Winzenburg and her husband Albert the Bear, then Count of Anhalt, of the House of Ascania. In 1168 he was elected Archbishop of Bremen. Afterward he became Prince-Bishop of Brandenburg (1173–1179) as <mask> I. In 1179 he succeeded in getting it upgraded to a Prince-Archbishopric of imperial immediacy in 1180, thus becoming Prince-Archbishop of Bremen. He was a strong advocate of Ascanian clan interests. Before ascending the see
Probably before 1147 <mask> joined the  in Magdeburg as a secular canon. His father's donations of rural possessions to the monastery in 1151 are probably related to providing <mask> a princely livelihood within the monastery.<mask> appears for the first time as a witness in a document of 19 September 1154 in Halle upon Saale alongside his father and brothers. They altogether testified, that Bremen's Archbishop Hartwig, Count of Stade confirmed to have received a donation of <mask>'s paternal grandmother Eilika in Paulinzell. In 1155 <mask>, his parents, brothers and sisters attended the inauguration ceremony of the abbey of the monastery in Leitzkau. The following years he officiated as canon in Magdeburg. Historical background
The Archdiocese of Bremen and its respective incumbent was one of the players in the struggle for feudal positions. The Archbishop had no princely rank under the emperor, but held all the possessions, privileges, etc., that belonged to the See as mediate tenant, meaning a vassal of the Duchy of Saxony, where the possessions were located, with the Duke himself being a vassal of the Emperor. Hartwig of Stade, as Hartwig I Archbishop of Bremen, was the last male representative of the comital family of Stade.When he died in 1168, the County

masks: Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried


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 of Stade was reverted. The Bremian Chapter, which had elected Hartwig for Archbishop in expectancy for the county, claimed it would be a fief of the Bremian See. Henry the Lion of the House of Guelph, replied with a twofold claim: (1) he would be the heir, giving some obscure arguments on his relation to Stade's comital family; (2) the then Archbishop Adalbero of Bremen allegedly had promised Henry's mother Wulfhild to enfeoff her with the county, a very dubious claim. In fact Henry, then 14 years old, simply wanted to increase his realm. Therefore, Henry occupied the County of Stade with his troops. Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony, Westphalia and Angria and of Bavaria, was an ambitious man, striving for more independence and rejecting the imperial overlordship. He gained strong allies through marriage with Matilda Plantagenêt, the daughter of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine and sister of Richard Lionheart, and by way of alliance with Prince Pribislav of Mecklenburg and Duke Casimir I of Pomerania.Henry's paternal cousin Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, House of Hohenstaufen, steadily had to assert himself against his princely vassals and the Roman Catholic Church. Frederick refused to receive the rank as Emperor like a papal fief, which is why he conflicted with Pope Alexander III. <mask>'s Ascanian clan, domiciled at the middle Elbe river and then led by Albert the Bear, a maternal cousin of Henry the Lion, also strove for more power and territories to conquer westwards from Saxon and eastwards from Slavic rulers. Nevertheless, the Ascanians by far were not as successful as Henry the Lion. <mask>'s brothers held different territories conquered by their father and them:

 Otto of Anhalt, became as Otto I Margrave of Brandenburg after Albert the Bear

masks: Siegfried Siegfried


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 died
 Hermann of Anhalt, became Count of Weimar-Orlamünde
 <mask> of Anhalt
 Heinrich of Anhalt, canon at Magdeburg's Cathedral
 Albert of Anhalt, became Count of Ballenstedt
 Dietrich of Anhalt, became Count of Werben
 Bernhard of Anhalt, inherited the Ascanian allodially owned County of Anhalt,

The first struggle for the Bremian See
In 1168, after the death of Bremen's Archbishop Hartwig I, the Bremian cathedral chapter elected two rival Archbishops. The capitulars, opposing Henry the Lion and his claim to the County of Stade, voted for <mask>, while the Guelphic party elected Otbertus, the dean of the Chapter. Henry's loyal vassal, Gunzelin of Hagen, first Count of Schwerin, took martial actions against anti-Guelphic partisans, provoking an upheaval in Bremen.The Guelphic party won and <mask> had to flee to Oldenburg. Frederick I declared the elections null and void on the Diet (1169) in Bamberg. Anyway, Frederick I did not like <mask>'s loyalty to Pope Alexander III, with whom Frederick was quarrelling. Frederick I aligned himself with Henry the Lion, in order to ascertain his loyalty, and appointed the Bremian capitular provost Baldwin I to the see, Alexander III confirmed that. Baldwin was an aged and compliant man. Baldwin ceded the County of Stade to Henry and alienated many other archiepiscopal estates. By the end of 1168 Ascanians and Guelphs confronted in skirmishes.<mask> as prince-bishop of Brandenburg
<mask> now used to call himself Bishop Elect of Bremen. Through the influence of his friend, Wichmann of Seeburg, Archbishop of Magdeburg, in 1173 the Brandenburgian Chapter elected <mask> the new Prince-Bishop of Brandenburg, succeeding the late Wilmar. Not much is known about <mask>'s period in office. Several times he stayed with Wichmann or

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 Alexander III. Fighting again for the Bremian See
In 1176, at the Battle of Legnano, Frederick I lost his Italian campaign, blaming it on Henry the Lion, who had refused to support him. Henry was busy extending and defending his own reign against the quarrelling clan of the Ascanians. Wichmann visited Frederick I in Italy in order to fathom in how far <mask>'s claim to the Bremian See could be enforced – e.g.in the scope of the Peace of Venice. Frederick I declared Baldwin's investiture as Archbishop and all his alienations of archiepiscopal possessions to be invalid. When in 1178 Baldwin received the official notification of his dismissal, he died. In 1179 <mask> attended the Third Council of the Lateran in Rome, while the Bremian Chapter elected another Guelphic partisan, Berthold, for Archbishop. Both Frederick I and Alexander III originally wanted to confirm this knowledgeable man in his new position. But when in 1179 Berthold arrived in Rome to gain his papal confirmation, Alexander III declared Berthold's election null and void. Inferior in warfare, many of Henry's enemies litigated him in lawsuits.Henry absented at the trials, to which he had been summoned. Thus the Diet decided to bring Henry before a judge, using military violence ( 1180-1181). Frederick I Barbarossa and his allies, many of them vassals and former supporters of Duke Henry the Lion, had defeated him. In 1180 Frederick I Barbarossa stripped Henry the Lion of his duchies. In 1182, he and his wife went into exile. In 1180, at the Diet in Gelnhausen, the attending princes and Frederick I Barbarossa decided to partition Saxony in some dozens of territories of imperial immediacy, allotting each territory to that one of his allies, who had conquered them before from Henry the Lion and his


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 remaining supporters. Otto I wielded his influence at the Diet.His and <mask>'s brother Bernhard, one of the most steadfast warriors against Henry the Lion, was provided with the later on so-called younger Duchy of Saxony (1180 - 1296), thus becoming Bernhard III, Duke of Saxony. In 1260, with effect from 1296 on, its later rulers split the younger Duchy into the Duchies of Saxe-Wittenberg () and Saxe-Lauenburg (), the latter belonging in religious respect to the archdiocese of Bremen. The Gelnhausen Diet (1180) confirmed <mask> as Archbishop upgraded part of the diocesan territory to form the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen of imperial immediacy. Thus the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen became one of the successor states of the old Duchy of Saxony, holding only a small part of its former territory. Since the deposed Henry the Lion had entrenched in his last Saxon stronghold, the city of Stade, Otto I and Bernhard III militarily supported their brother <mask> to de facto gain the power in all the Prince-Archbishopric. <mask> as Prince-Archbishop of Bremen
After Alexander III had deposed Berthold (later Prince-Bishop of Metz), <mask> did not lay down, but managed to get his election of 1168 confirmed in 1180. He ceded Ditmarsh, which supposed to belong to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, to his brother Bernhard.In his new position of Duke of Saxony he held the Land of Hadeln around Otterndorf, south of the river Elbe right opposite of Ditmarsh on the north bank. Adolf III of Schauenburg, Count of Holstein, at enmity with the Ascanians, had taken de facto possession of Ditmarsh. So it was up to Bernhard to regain the territory, but he failed, he could only force Adolf to accept his overlordship in Ditmarsh. In 1181, <mask> waived to further levy fees from merchants

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 for building ships. In the pertaining document he recognised the burghers of the city of Bremen as universitas civitas. He granted new privileges to the cities of Bremen and Stade. He participated in the foundations of the monastery in Osterholz (1182) and Heiligenrode (1180/1183; a part of today's Stuhr).In 1182, Frederick I consigned <mask> with the task to pick up the seven-year-old Princess Ingeborg, the sister of Canute VI of Denmark at the Danish court, and to escort her to her designate bridegroom Duke Frederick of Swabia, Frederick I's son. The Danish-imperial relations were difficult and therefore Canute granted his sister only a poor endowment. The marriage never materialised. <mask> continued and promoted the interior colonisation by settling wasteland and draining and diking marshes, as in Oberneuland (1181; a part of today's Bremen), Stuhr (1183), Osten and the marshes along the river Oste. In 1183, some canons of Bremen's Cathedral formed a conspiracy against <mask>, blaming him at Pope Lucius III to be a too secular clerk. The scholastic Henry of Bremen exonerated <mask>, thus he stayed in office. <mask> could win most of the diocesan clergy and Bremen's burghers through generous and pious donations.In 1184, <mask> died prematurely and was buried in a church in Bremen. See also

 Anhalt
 Archdiocese of Bremen
 House of Ascania

References

 Hahn, 'Die Söhne Albrechts des Bären 1170-1184', In: Jahresbericht über die Louisenstädtische Realschule, Berlin 1869
 May, Regesten der Erzbischöfe von Bremen, Hanover: Selbstverlag der Historischen Kommission, 1937, vol. 1

Notes

House of Ascania
12th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the Holy Roman Empire
Roman Catholic Prince-Archbishops of Bremen
12th-century births
1184 deaths
People from former German


texts:
<mask> (August 27, 1822 – February 7, 1896) was an American politician. He served as a U.S. Representative from Indiana from 1853 to 1861 and was the Democratic Party's nominee for Vice President of the United States in 1880. <mask> entered politics at a young age, becoming a part of Jesse D. Bright's conservative faction of the Indiana Democratic Party. After four years in the federal bureaucracy in Washington, from 1845, he returned to Indiana and participated in the state constitutional convention of 1850. He was elected to the Indiana House of Representatives in 1851 and served as its speaker at the age of twenty-nine. After a two-year term in the state house, <mask> represented Indiana in the federal House of Representatives for four terms from 1853 to 1861, working most notably to achieve a compromise on the admission of Kansas as a state. <mask> retired from the House in 1861, but remained involved in party affairs.In the American Civil War he was a War Democrat, supporting the Union war effort. As well as pursuing a political career, he was an author and businessman. He owned an opera house, was president of a bank, and developed many residential properties. English was successful in business, and became one of the wealthiest men in Indiana. After nearly two decades in the private sector, English returned to political life as the Democratic nominee for vice president in 1880. English and his presidential running mate, Winfield Scott Hancock, lost narrowly to their Republican opponents, James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur. Family and early career
<mask> <mask> was born August 27, 1822 in Lexington, Indiana, the only son of Elisha <mask> and his wife, Mahala (Eastin) <mask>.Both his parents were Kentucky natives from slaveholding families

masks:
William Hayden English
English
English
English
William Hayden
English
Gale English
English


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 of English and French Huguenot ancestry. They moved to southern Indiana in 1818. Elisha <mask> quickly became involved in local politics as a Democrat, serving in the state legislature as well as building a prominent business career. <mask> was educated in the local public schools, later attending Hanover College. He left college after three years and began to read law. In 1840, English was admitted to the bar at the age of eighteen and soon built a practice in his native Scott County. He started early in politics as well, attending the state Democratic convention that same year and giving speeches on behalf of the Democratic presidential candidate, Martin Van Buren.From the end of 1842, English was mentored by Lieutenant Governor Jesse D. Bright, who helped him rise within Bright's faction of the party. The following year, the Indiana House of Representatives selected English as their clerk. In 1844, he worked the campaign trail, this time in the service of presidential candidate James K. Polk. Politics and marriage
As a reward, after Polk took office in 1845, he granted English a patronage appointment as a clerk in the federal Treasury Department in Washington, D.C. English held this position for four years, during which time he met Emma Mardulia Jackson. They married in November 1847. They had two children: <mask> and Rosalind. English attended the 1848 Democratic National Convention in Baltimore, where he supported Lewis Cass, the eventual presidential nominee.With the election of the Whig Party's candidate, Zachary Taylor, to the presidency, a Whig party member replaced English at the Treasury Department. He secured a job as clerk to the United States Senate's Claims Committee through party connections; serving until 1850 in Washington.

masks:
English
William English
William Eastin


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 <mask> and his wife then returned to Indiana, where he worked as secretary to the Indiana constitutional convention. Democrats were in the majority at the convention, and their proposals were incorporated into the new law, including increasing the number of elective offices, guaranteeing a homestead exemption, and restricting voting rights to white men. Free blacks had formerly had suffrage in the state. The voters approved the new constitution by a large majority. In August 1851, English won his first election to the state House of Representatives.As it was the first meeting of the legislature under the 1851 constitution, <mask>'s knowledge of it contributed to his election as speaker of the House at the age of twenty-nine. The House had a Democratic majority and, at Bright's direction, English worked for the election of Graham N. Fitch, a member of Bright's faction of the party, to the U.S. Senate. The legislature chose a different Democrat, John Pettit, instead. Holding the office of Speaker increased <mask>'s influence throughout the state; in 1852, the Democrats chose him as their nominee for the federal House of Representatives from the newly reconfigured 2nd district. The Democrats were victorious in the election that October, sweeping all but one House seat. <mask> defeated his Whig opponent 55% – 45% and joined the 33rd Congress when it convened in Washington in 1853. <mask>'s time in Congress, much like the rest of his political career, can be seen as pragmatic.While he morally abhorred slavery, he condemned abolitionists and believed in the notion of “popular sovereignty,” which argued that the people of a state or territory should choose for themselves whether to have slavery. He explained his opinion in a speech in 1854:

"Sir, I am a

masks: English English English English English


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 native of a free State [sic], and have no love for the institution of slavery. Aside from the moral question involved, I regard it as an injury to the State where it exists….But sir, I never can forget that we are a confederacy of States, possessing equal rights, under our glorious Constitution. That if the people of Kentucky believe the institution of slavery would be conducive to their happiness, they have the same right to establish and maintain that we of Indiana have to reject it; and this doctrine is just as applicable to States hereafter to be admitted as to those already in the Union." Congress

Kansas–Nebraska Act
The House of Representatives convened for the 33rd Congress in December 1853. At that time, the simmering disagreement between the free and slave states heated up with the introduction of the Kansas–Nebraska Act, proposed by Illinois Democrat Stephen A. Douglas, which would open the Kansas and Nebraska territories to slavery, an implicit repeal of the Missouri Compromise of 1820. Intended to quiet national agitation over slavery by shifting the decision to local settlers, Douglas's proposal instead inflamed anti-slavery sentiment in the North by allowing the possibility of slavery's expansion to territories held as free soil for three decades.<mask>, a member of the Committee on Territories, thought the bill was unnecessary and disagreed with its timing; when the committee approved the bill, <mask> wrote a minority report to that effect. He was not altogether opposed to the principle of popular sovereignty, however, believing that "each organized community ought to be allowed to decide for itself". Northern Democrats divided almost evenly on the bill, but English, despite his stated reservations, was among those who voted for

masks: English English


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 it. In doing so, he said that Congress was bound to respect the decision of the territories' residents and pledged to uphold their decisions. President Franklin Pierce signed the bill into law on May 30, 1854. The Kansas–Nebraska Act was grossly unpopular across the North. The reaction ultimately killed the Whig Party, weakened northern Democrats, and brought about a new party, the Republicans.Only 3 of 42 free-state representatives were reelected after voting for it; English was one of them. <mask> was a conservative Democrat, and his southern Indiana district, while not pro-slavery, also had little sympathy for abolitionism. He was reelected again in 1856, when the Democrats regained the House majority in the 35th Congress. The Speaker, James Lawrence Orr, assigned English to the Post Office and Post Roads Committee, but the issue of Kansas claimed more of his time. English Bill

In December 1857, in an election boycotted by free-state partisans, Kansas adopted the pro-slavery Lecompton Constitution and petitioned Congress to be admitted as a slave state. President James Buchanan, a Democrat, urged that Congress take up the matter, and the Senate approved a bill to admit Kansas. The bill was defeated in the House, 112–120.English found the process by which the pro-slavery Kansans forced through their constitution inadequate, and voted against admission. Congress continued to debate the matter for months without resolution. English and Georgia Democrat Alexander H. Stephens came up with a compromise measure, later called the English Bill. The English Bill offered Kansas admission as a slave state, but only if the people endorsed that choice in a referendum. The Bill also required Kansans to renounce the unusually large grant of federal lands they


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 had requested in the Lecompton Constitution. The Kansas voters could, thus, reject Lecompton by the face-saving measure of turning down the smaller land grant. Congress passed the English Bill, and Kansans duly rejected their pro-slavery constitution by a ratio of six to one.Some of <mask>'s political allies, including Bright (now a senator), would have preferred that Kansas be admitted as a slave state, but the decision was popular enough in his district to allow English to be reelected in 1858 with a majority of 56% to 44%. Business career

English declined to run for reelection in 1860 but he gave several speeches advocating compromise and moderation in the growing North-South divide. After Abraham Lincoln's election that year, English urged Southerners not to secede. After southern secession occurred and the Civil War began, Governor Oliver P. Morton offered English command of a regiment, but he declined iI since he had no military knowledge or interests. English, however, supported Morton's (and indirectly Lincoln's) war policies and considered himself a War Democrat. English lent money to the state government to cover the expenses of outfitting the troops and served as provost marshal for the 2nd congressional district. After retiring from Congress, English spent a year at his home in Scott County before he relocated to Indianapolis, the state capital.English and ten associates (including James Lanier) organized the First National Bank of Indianapolis in 1863, the first bank in that city chartered under the new National Bank Act. He remained president of that bank until 1877, including the difficult period during the Panic of 1873, when many other banks folded. <mask>'s business interests included other industries as well. He became the


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 controlling shareholder of the Indianapolis Street Railway Company and remained in charge of the company until 1876, when he sold his shares. Having also sold his shares of the bank by 1877, English turned most of his investment capital to real estate. By 1875, he had ordered construction of 75 houses along what is now English Avenue. His wife, Emma, died two years later, in 1877. he survived her by 19 years.When he died in 1896, he owned 448 properties, most of them in Indianapolis. In 1880, English constructed English's Opera House, which, according to the 1994 Encyclopedia of Indianapolis, quickly became known as the city's finest. The building was modeled after the Grand Opera House in New York and seated 2,000 people. It opened on September 27, 1880, with a performance of Hamlet starring Lawrence Barrett. By that time, English was involved in politics once more. He turned over management of the Opera House to his son, <mask> <mask>, who was interested in the theater and had just married an actress, Annie Fox. <mask>. later added a hotel to the Opera House, and both operated until 1948.Vice-presidential candidate

After leaving the House of Representatives, English remained in touch with local politics, and served as chairman of the Indiana Democratic Party. His son had been elected to the state house in 1879, and the elder English was still consulted on political matters. Although he had not sought elected office since 1858, he had raised his national profile in 1879 through several interviews and letters to friendly newspapers. English attended the 1880 Democratic National Convention in Cincinnati as a member of the Indiana delegation, where he favored presidential candidate Thomas F. Bayard of Delaware, whom he admired for his support of

masks:
William Eastin
English
English Sr


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 the gold standard. The first ballot was inconclusive, with Bayard in second place. Major General Winfield Scott Hancock of Pennsylvania led the voting, and on the second ballot was nominated for President. The Indiana delegation held back their votes from Hancock until the crucial moment, and as a reward, the delegates unanimously selected English for the vice-presidential nomination.He was not expected to add much to the ticket outside of Indiana, but the party leaders thought his popularity in that swing state would help Hancock against James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur, the Republican nominees. The Republicans believed that the real reason for <mask>'s nomination was his willingness to use his personal fortune to finance the campaign, as Democratic campaign coffers were low. <mask> gave a brief speech accepting the nomination, then replied more formally in a letter a month later. In that letter, English called the disputes of the Civil War settled, and promised a "sound currency, of honest money", the restriction of Chinese immigration, and a "rigid economy in public expenditure". He characterized the election as one between

Hancock and the Democrats expected to carry the Solid South, which, with the disenfranchisement of black Southerners following the end of Reconstruction, was dominated electorally by white Democrats. In addition to the South, the ticket needed to add New York and a few of the Midwestern states to their total to win the election; national elections in that era were largely decided by closely divided states there. The practical differences between the parties were few, and the Republicans were reluctant to attack Hancock personally because of his heroic reputation.The one policy difference the Republicans were able to


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 exploit was a statement in the Democratic platform endorsing "a tariff for revenue only". Garfield's campaign used this statement to paint the Democrats as unsympathetic to the plight of industrial laborers, who benefited from the high protective tariff then in place. The tariff issue cut Democratic support in industrialized Northern states, which were essential in establishing a Democratic majority. The October state elections in Ohio and Indiana resulted in Republican victories there, discouraging Democrats about the federal election to come the following month. There was even some talk among party leaders of dropping English from the ticket, but <mask> convinced them that the October losses owed more to local issues, and that the Democratic ticket could still carry Indiana, if not Ohio, in November. In the end, <mask> was proven wrong: the Democrats and Hancock failed to carry any of the Midwestern states they had targeted, including Indiana. Hancock and <mask> lost the popular vote by just 7,018.The electoral vote, however, had a much larger spread: 214 for Garfield and Arthur, compared to 155 for Hancock and <mask>. Post-election career and legacy
English resumed his business career after the election. He also became more interested in local history, joining a reunion of the survivors of the 1850 state constitutional convention, which met at his opera house in 1885. He became the president of the Indiana Historical Society and wrote two volumes, which were published at his death: Conquest of the Country Northwest of the River Ohio, 1778–1783; and Life of General George Rogers Clark. He served on the Indianapolis Monument Commission in 1893, and helped to plan and finance the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument there. He died at his home in

masks: English English English English


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 Indianapolis on February 7, 1896. English was interred in Crown Hill Cemetery with his wife, who had died in 1877.Although many of the buildings he constructed have been demolished, English, Indiana, the county seat of Crawford County, is named after him, as is English Avenue in Indianapolis. Identical statues of English stand in front of the Scott County Courthouse in Scottsburg, Indiana, and at the Crawford County Fairgrounds in English. His son <mask> served in Congress from 1884 to 1885. His grandson, <mask> Walling, the son of his daughter Rosalind, was a co-founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. An extensive collection of English's personal and family papers is housed at the Indiana Historical Society in Indianapolis, where it is open for research. Notes

References

Citations

Sources
 Books

 Journal articles

 Thesis

 Manuscript collection

 Finding aid to the <mask> English family papers at the Indiana Historical Society

Website

External links

|-

1822 births
1896 deaths
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Indiana
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Democratic Party (United States) vice presidential nominees
1880 United States vice-presidential candidates
Speakers of the Indiana House of Representatives
Members of the Indiana House of Representatives
Indiana Democrats
19th-century American politicians
Politicians from Indianapolis
American lawyers admitted to the practice of law by reading law
Sons of the American Revolution
Writers from Indianapolis
Hanover College alumni
People from Scott County, Indiana
American people of English descent
American people of French descent
Burials at Crown

masks:
William
William English
William Hayden


texts:
<mask>  FRCSC (born July 30, 1970) is a Canadian surgeon and former politician who served as the Member of Parliament for the riding of Simcoe—Grey from 2011 to 2019 as a member of the Conservative Party. She was first elected in the 2011 federal election, succeeding Member of Parliament Helena Guergis who was dismissed from the Conservative Party caucus. Following her election, <mask> was appointed as the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Human Resources and Skills Development. On July 15, 2013, Prime Minister Stephen Harper named <mask> Minister of Labour and Minister for the Status of Women. She served in Cabinet until the defeat of the Conservative government in the 2015 federal election. <mask> ran in the 2017 contest for the leadership of the Conservative Party. On January 23, 2018, <mask> announced that she would not be seeking re-election for the 43rd Canadian federal election and would return to being a full-time surgeon.Training and medical career
<mask> was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, the daughter of Eleanor Lynne (Conway) and Kelburne "Kit" McNabb <mask>, who owned and operated a construction company. She was raised a Catholic, and still practises the religion. She graduated from Queen's University in 1991 with an undergraduate degree. She earned her MD from the University of Toronto in 1994, MBA from Dalhousie University in 1998, and completed the Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Program in 2001 at the University of Toronto. She became a fellow of clinical paediatric orthopaedics at Children's Hospital Los Angeles/University of Southern California in 2002. <mask> formerly taught at the University of Western Ontario, where she served as the assistant dean of external affairs at the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and is a former chair of paediatric surgery at the Children's Hospital of Western Ontario. She was an orthopaedic pediatric surgeon at SickKids Hospital for one year before pursuing a career in politics.<mask> is also an associate professor at the University of Toronto. <mask> was the founding chair of the Ivey Centre for Health Innovation and

masks:
Khristinn Kellie Leitch
Leitch
Leitch
Leitch
Leitch
Leitch
Leitch
Leitch
Leitch
Leitch


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 Leadership  and led the health sector stream of the MBA programme at the Richard Ivey School of Business located at the University of Western Ontario. In 2009, <mask> founded the Kids Health Foundation (now known as The Sandbox Project), an organization that sought to work with academia, the not-for-profit sector, government and industry to make Canada the healthiest place on earth for children to grow up. <mask> maintained her medical credentials while serving in politics, and had hospital privileges at Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario in Ottawa. Political involvement
<mask> is an active member of the Conservative Party of Canada and the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario. She was a strategist in Progressive Conservative MPP Christine Elliott's leadership bid in 2009. She also served as president of the Ontario PC Campus Association, and has been actively involved in the Conservative Party since she was 14.<mask> served as chair of the expert panel for the Children's Fitness Tax Credit in 2006, which made recommendations to Jim Flaherty, Minister of Finance, regarding the best ways to implement this tax credit designed to encourage health and fitness among Canadian children. In 2008, <mask> authored the report entitled Reaching for the Top: A Report by the Advisor on Healthy Children & Youth. The report is a "call to action" for government and industry on key issues affecting Canadian children and youth. <mask> serves on the boards for CANFAR, the National Research Council, YMCA, and Genome Canada, among others. Federal politics
On September 17, 2010, The Globe and Mail reported that <mask> would run for the Conservative nomination in Simcoe–Grey. The seat was, at the time, held by Helena Guergis, who was expelled from the Conservative Party. The Globe described <mask> as a "star candidate" and noted that her launch event in Creemore the following day would include former Ontario premier Bill Davis and federal Finance Minister Jim Flaherty.<mask> won the nomination over Collingwood mayor Chris Carrier and Paul Throop with 67% of all ballots cast in a large turnout. <mask>

masks: Leitch Leitch Leitch Leitch Leitch Leitch Leitch Leitch Leitch Leitch


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 won the general election with more votes than any candidate for public office had ever received in Simcoe–Grey, with 31,784 ballots cast for her and a plurality of 20,590 votes, or 49.36% of the vote. Following her election, <mask> was appointed as the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Human Resources and Skills Development. Minister of Labour and Minister for the Status of Women
As part of the February 2014 budget, <mask> announced a $25 million plan to address violence against aboriginal women and girls. On July 15, 2013, Prime Minister Harper named <mask> Minister of Labour and Minister for the Status of Women. During the 2015 Canadian federal election, <mask> said that she was pro-life when asked at a local debate, citing her experience as a paediatric surgeon as her reason. On October 2, 2015, during the general election, <mask> and then-Minister of Citizenship and Immigration Chris Alexander announced a Royal Canadian Mounted Police "tip line" where Canadians could report "barbaric cultural practices", which, along with the niqab issue, was widely viewed as an attempt to keep cultural and immigration issues at the forefront of the election campaign.<mask> later expressed regret in her involvement of the "barbaric cultural practices tip line". However, in an interview, on the statement the tip line "is a good idea but wasn't communicated as effectively as it could be to the public" she characterised it as being "absolutely correct". Conservative leadership election
Although <mask> was re-elected in the 2015 election, the Conservatives were relegated to Official Opposition status. During the election, <mask> campaigned with over 70 Conservative candidates, which prepared the groundwork for her participation in the 2017 Conservative leadership election to replace Stephen Harper. <mask>'s policy stances faced similar controversy in October 2015 during the federal election, where she and fellow Conservative MP and Immigration Minister Chris Alexander pledged support and funding to establish a tip-line for Canadians to call in regards to what they called "barbaric cultural

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texts: practices". <mask> has since made an effort to apologize for her role in the proposed legislation, saying that she regrets her decisions. She recruited Nick Kouvalis and Richard Ciano to head her leadership campaign, and Andy Pringle of the Toronto Police Services Board was her chief fundraiser.<mask> was the first official candidate to enter the race. As part of her leadership campaign, <mask> proposed a Canadian value screening for all new residents. Michael Chong, Conservative MP for Wellington-Halton Hills and an opponent of <mask> in the leadership race, spoke out against <mask>'s proposal, saying that it "does not represent our Conservative Party or our Canada". Despite the censure, <mask> stood by her proposal. In a September interview with the Canadian Press, <mask> made the following statement in response to the backlash she had been receiving: "I don't think it's intolerant to believe in a set of values that we expect everyone to share here and include those people who are coming to visit or immigrate to Canada." The focus of her campaign around the policies surprised some of her long-time mentors, such as former Conservative senator Hugh Segal, who couldn't support her leadership bid. <mask> proposed screening visitors, refugees and immigrants for "Canadian values".This process would include face to face interviews by trained immigration officers with 100% of immigrants, rather than the 10% or so that happens now, with questions pertaining to their views on whether Canadian law should be the only set of laws that applies to all Canadians, hate speech, violence, and equality between genders, sexual orientation, religious & political views. Stephen Maher, based on information he received from  former staffers of Letich, argued that her campaign manager  Nick Kouvalis, thought that it would give <mask>, a way to win. In a November 9, 2016 interview with Toronto Life magazine, <mask> cited the belief that gays should not be sentenced to death as an example of one such Canadian value. During the campaign she was endorsed by Council of European Canadians, but her campaign rejected


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 the endorsement. Regarding the endorsement, <mask> said that for anyone to think her campaign is in any way based on ethnic nationalism is to be willfully ignorant of what her campaign is about. <mask> finished sixth in the race. After the leadership race
She was not included into Andrew Scheer's shadow cabinet.In December 2017, it was reported that Essa Township mayor Terry Dowdall and physician Gillian Yeates were challenging <mask> for the Conservative nomination in Simcoe—Grey for the next election. On January 23, 2018, <mask> announced that she would not seek re-election. <mask> threw her support towards Marc Biss and Tim Bulmer, to be the party candidate for her riding arguing that they were "real conservatives" while believing Yeates and Dowdall were not. On March 24, it was announced that Dowdall won the party nomination for her riding after it was rumoured that he defeated Yeates on the third ballot. On January 23, 2018, <mask> announced that she would not be seeking re-election for the 43rd Canadian federal election and would return to being a full-time surgeon. As of December 1, 2019, she is chief of orthopaedic surgery at Children's of Mississippi. Electoral history

References

External links

1970 births
Canadian Roman Catholics
Canadian pediatricians
Women pediatricians
Canadian orthopedic surgeons
Canadian women physicians
Conservative Party of Canada MPs
Dalhousie University alumni
Living people
Members of the 28th Canadian Ministry
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Members of the Order of Ontario
Members of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada
Physicians from Ontario
Politicians from Winnipeg
Queen's University at Kingston alumni
Right-wing populism in Canada
University of Toronto alumni
University of Toronto faculty
University of Western Ontario faculty
Women in Ontario politics
Women's ministers
Women government ministers of Canada
Women members of the House of Commons of Canada
Women surgeons
20th-century women physicians
21st-century women physicians
20th-century Canadian physicians
21st-century Canadian physicians
21st-century Canadian women

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<mask> (May 4, 1825 – September 7, 1909), was an American advocate for social and economic reform. He was one of the founders of the Republican Party and the American Woman Suffrage Association. He published Woman's Journal starting in 1870 in Boston, Massachusetts with Lucy Stone. Early life
<mask> was born May 4, 1825, in Bristol, Gloucestershire, England, the seventh of nine children of <mask> and <mask>. <mask>'s father, a sugar refiner whose livelihood conflicted with his abolitionist principles, experimented with making beet sugar as an alternative to slave-grown cane sugar. In 1832, the family – including eight children and their father's sister Mary – emigrated to the United States. The family settled first in New York, where <mask>'s father established a sugar refinery and the ninth child was born, and then just outside New York in Jersey City.<mask>'s father took an interest in the nascent abolition movement. William Lloyd Garrison and other leaders of the movement were visitors in the family's home. <mask>'s eldest sister, Anna, participated in the emerging agitation for women's rights, attending the 1837 Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women and drafting its letter to John Quincy Adams thanking him for his support of women's right to petition. After fire destroyed the refinery and the Panic of 1837 destroyed remaining resources, the family moved to Cincinnati in 1838, where <mask>'s father intended to establish another refinery. However, within months of their arrival, he died, leaving the family destitute. <mask>'s mother, aunt, and three elder sisters opened a school in their home, while thirteen-year-old <mask> and his brother Sam took clerking jobs. In 1840 <mask> was sent to Kemper College in St.

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texts: Louis with the intent that he should become a lawyer.But financial difficulties forced him to return home and resume  clerking. Around 1845 he became a partner in a flour mill business, in which he managed operations of three mills. Within a year he had made enough profit to purchase a small brick house in Cincinnati's Walnut Hills section, which remained the <mask> family home until they moved east in 1856. Seeking a business in which he might achieve financial independence, <mask> next tried sugar refining. When that failed, a visiting English cousin persuaded him to accept a loan with which he and brother Sam purchased half interest in a Cincinnati wholesale hardware business. In 1850, at the age of twenty-four, <mask> became the traveling partner of Coombs, Ryland, and Blackwells, making semi-annual two-month-long horseback journeys through Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, selling hardware to country merchants and collecting payments due the firm. All the <mask> siblings had been imbued with a philosophy of personal improvement and working for the betterment of mankind, as well as a deep interest in literature, languages, music, and art.Possessing a special passion for literature, <mask> wrote poetry in his spare time and always carried several books with him to make every spare moment "useful" and "self-improving." He was a founding member of the Literary Club of Cincinnati, whose members discussed literature and debated issues of the day. He and fellow club member Ainsworth R. Spofford made business trips together, during which they relieved the tedium of slow travel by reading aloud to each other the works of Bacon, Shakespeare, Aristotle, and Plato. Through this club, whose early members included not only

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 Spofford, who would become chief librarian of the Library of Congress, but also Rutherford B. Hayes and Salmon P. Chase, <mask> formed lasting friendships with men who played prominent roles in the history of Ohio and the nation. <mask> siblings
<mask>'s eldest sister, <mask> (1816–1900), became a poet, translator, and journalist. She was a member of the Brook Farm community in 1845 but settled in France thereafter, where she translated the works of the French socialist Fourier and the novels of Georges Sand. She was also a contributing correspondent for several newspapers in the United States, India, Australia, South Africa, and Canada.<mask> (1818–1897) taught school in her younger years but became a semi-invalid and lived with and looked after other family members. The best-known of <mask>'s siblings was <mask> (1821–1910), the first woman to earn a medical degree in the United States. In 1853 she founded the New York Dispensary for Poor Women and Children, and in 1857, with sister Emily and Maria Zakrzewska, established the New York Infirmary for Indigent Women and Children. Samuel Charles <mask> (1823–1901), only a year and a half older than <mask>, was bookkeeper and businessman, best known as the husband of Antoinette (Brown<mask>, the first woman ordained as a minister in the United States and prominent speaker and suffragist. <mask> had four younger siblings. <mask> (1826–1910), who was the third woman to earn a medical degree in the United States. In addition to co-founding the New York Infirmary, she helped organize the Women's Central Association of Relief, which selected and trained nurses for service in the Civil War.Sarah Ellen <mask> (1828–1901) was an artist and author best known for writing the first

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 full-length biography of Anna Ella Carroll. (John) Howard <mask> (1831–1866) returned to England and worked in iron manufacturing with a cousin, then joined the East India Company. His death at the age of 36 was a blow to the entire family. George Washington <mask> (1832–1912), the only <mask> sibling born in the United States, became a land agent under <mask>'s tutelage in the 1850s, studied law in New York City, and took over <mask>'s real estate business in the late 1860s. Courtship and marriage
<mask> was smitten by Lucy Stone when he heard her speak at an antislavery meeting in New York in May 1853, moving her audience to tears with what became known as her "fugitive mother" speech. He followed her to Massachusetts and obtained a formal letter of introduction from William Lloyd Garrison. Although Stone gladly accepted him as a friend, she rejected him as a suitor because she believed marriage would require her to surrender control over herself and prevent her from pursuing her chosen work.But <mask>, not having been rejected personally, determined to convince Stone that marriage to him would require sacrifice of neither individuality nor career. He maintained that a marriage based on equality would enable each of them to accomplish more than they could alone. He, too, wanted to work for the good of humanity, but believed he must wait until he had attained the freedom to command his own time and action—"pecuniary independence," which he expected to achieve in three years. Through correspondence over the summer, <mask> and Stone discussed the nature and faults of the marriage institution and the benefits of a true, ideal marriage. Then, eager to demonstrate how he could help Stone accomplish more, <mask> offered to

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texts: arrange a lecture tour for her in the west (then the mid-western states of Indiana, Illinois, and western Ohio and Kentucky). She accepted, and he wrote to business acquaintances to engage halls and place newspaper notice while personally printing and mailing broadsides for posting. From mid-October 1853 through the first week of January 1854, Stone lectured on women's rights in more than ten cities in five states, including Cincinnati, Louisville, Indianapolis, St. Louis, and Chicago.Newspaper reports described her enthusiastic reception by the largest audiences ever assembled in some of the cities, as well as the deep influence she was having on those who heard her. During an intimate rendezvous before she returned east, Stone expressed not only her deep gratitude to <mask> for making her success possible, but also a genuine affection. Nevertheless, she remained resolute about never placing herself in the legal position occupied by a married woman. As the long-distance courtship continued, <mask> shifted his arguments to how couples could shape their own marriages, regardless of society's laws. After nine additional months of correspondence and brief meetings, <mask> met Stone in Pittsburgh for a clandestine three-day rendezvous, after which Stone agreed to marry him. Through continued correspondence the couple set the terms of a private agreement aimed at protecting Stone's financial independence and personal liberty. <mask> proposed that their marriage be like a business partnership in monetary matters, with husband and wife being "joint proprietors of everything except the results of previous labors."Neither would have claim to lands belonging to the other, nor any obligation for the other's costs of holding

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 them. While married and living together they would share earnings, but if they should separate, they would relinquish claim to the other's subsequent earnings. Each would have the right to will their property to whomever they pleased unless they had children. <mask> advised Stone to secure all her money in the hands of a trustee for her benefit. Stone agreed to everything except the issue of marital support. She refused to be supported by <mask> and insisted on paying half of their mutual expenses. Despite <mask>'s strenuous objection, Stone remained adamant.In addition to financial independence, <mask> and Stone agreed that each would enjoy personal independence and autonomy: "Neither partner shall attempt to fix the residence, employment, or habits of the other, nor shall either partner feel bound to live together any longer than is agreeable to both." And <mask> agreed that Stone would choose "when, where and how often" she would "become a mother." This was <mask>'s way of agreeing that Stone would control their sexual relations as advocated by <mask>. Wright, a copy of whose book Marriage and Parentage; Or, The Reproductive Element in Man, as a Means to His Elevation and Happiness, Stone had earlier given to <mask> and asked him to accept its principles as what she considered the relationship between husband and wife should be. Protest against marriage laws
<mask> also proposed that as part of their marriage ceremony, he would "renounce all the privileges which the law confers upon me which are not strictly mutual" and "pledge myself to never avail myself of them under any circumstances." The wedding took place at Stone's home in West Brookfield, Massachusetts, on  May 1, 1855, with Stone's close friend and

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 coworker Thomas Wentworth Higginson officiating. During the ceremony, <mask> read the protest that both had signed:

While acknowledging our mutual affection by publicly assuming the relationship of husband and wife, yet in justice to ourselves and a great principle, we deem it our duty to declare that this act on our part implies no sanction of or promise of voluntary obedience to such of the present laws of marriage as refuse to recognize the wife as an independent, rational being, while they confer upon the husband an injurious and unnatural superiority, investing him with legal powers which no honorable man should possess. We protest especially against the laws which give the husband:
1.The custody of the wife's person. 2. The exclusive control and guardianship of their children. 3. The sole ownership of her personal and use of her real estate, unless previously settled upon her or placed in the hands of trustees, as in the case of minors, idiots, and lunatics. 4. The absolute right to the product of her industry.5. Also against laws which give to the widower so much larger and more permanent interest in the property of the deceased wife than they give to the widow in that of the deceased husband. 6. Finally, against the whole system by which the legal existence of the wife is suspended during marriage, so that, in most States, she neither has a legal part in the choice of her residence, nor can she make a will, nor sue or be sued in her own name, nor inherit property. We believe that personal independence and equal human rights can never be forfeited except for crime; that marriage should be an equal and permanent partnership and so recognized by law; that until it is so recognized, married partners should


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 provide against the radical injustice of present laws by every means in their power. We believe that where domestic difficulties arise, no appeal should be made to legal tribunals under existing laws, but that all difficulties should be submitted to the equitable adjustment of arbitrators mutually chosen. Thus, reverencing law, we enter our protest against rules and customs which are unworthy of the name since they violate justice, the essence of law.News of the <mask> marriage sped across the country after Higginson sent an announcement and copy of their protest to the Worcester Spy. While it drew amused ridicule from some commentators who viewed it as a protest against marriage itself, it inspired other couples to make similar protests part of their wedding ceremonies. On Sunday, September 14, 1857, <mask> was at home for the birth of the couple's daughter, Alice, delivered by <mask>'s sister Emily. Two years later, while the family was living temporarily in Chicago, Stone miscarried and they lost a baby boy. Business and investments
In January 1856, <mask> and his brother Sam sold their interests in the hardware company, and the entire family moved east. In October, <mask> took a position with C. M. Saxton and Company, publisher of agricultural books. During his first year with the company, as he traveled through the west selling books to farmers’ libraries, he developed a new venture for the company – selling a collection of books suitable as a basic library for district schools.After consulting with the Illinois superintendent of schools, he compiled a list of appropriate books, arranged for special terms from publishers, and obtained a contract from the state of Illinois authorizing the firm to sell to school

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texts: districts. However, when the Panic of 1857 threatened the firm's survival, <mask> withdrew until the company could reorganize. During the interlude, he worked as a bookkeeper for the Vanderbilt steamship line. When he returned to the book company at the end of August 1857, Augustus Moore had taken sole ownership and the firm was renamed the A.O. Moore Company. Moore put <mask> in charge of the "school libraries" enterprise, and in the spring of 1858 <mask> established an office in Chicago from which he obtained endorsements, arranged publicity, corresponded with school officials in each of the state's one hundred counties, and hired agents to canvass the state. So successful was the venture that <mask> contacted school officials in other states about introducing the books there and Moore doubled his salary to $3,000.The following year, Stone and their daughter accompanied him to Chicago, where the family lived for nine months while <mask> managed the school libraries venture. When they returned in the fall of 1859, Moore's failing health forced him to sell the company, and <mask> left as well. During the 1850s land boom, the entire <mask> family were avid land speculators, purchasing land first in Illinois and later in Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota. In December 1853, a group of Cincinnati businessmen hired <mask> to be their agent in purchasing 640-acre sections of land in Wisconsin, which the government was selling on easy terms. As compensation, <mask> received ten percent of the land he registered. By the time he married in the spring of 1855, <mask> owned more than forty-eight hundred acres of Wisconsin land in addition to land he had purchased elsewhere. When Lucy Stone married into the <mask> family, she became

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texts: an eager investor too but kept her purchases and accounts separate from her husband's.In 1857 they took equal ownership in a house in Orange, New Jersey, for which they traded western lands. They later sold the house to make a down payment on a farm in Montclair, New Jersey, and traded more western land to purchase a neighboring tract. After their return from Illinois in September 1859, <mask> opened a real estate business, through which, in addition to selling and trading for clients, he traded western land for eastern properties. In this way both he and Stone became owners of a string of rental properties. While they were "land rich," they were "cash poor," so to raise funds for tax and interest payments, <mask> briefly sold kitchen stoves manufactured by fellow abolitionist Cornelius Bramhill and then, from 1862 to 1864, was bookkeeper for the sugar refining business of one of his father's former employees. In the summer of 1864, <mask> sold a large property whose proceeds allowed him to pay off all his debt, including the mortgage on a house he and brother George had purchased for their mother, as well as purchase property on Martha's Vineyard and invest a large sum in government bonds. Additional land  trades over the next few years and the rental income they produced gave <mask>, as his daughter termed it, a "competence" that enabled him "to devote himself fully to the progressive causes which he always had at heart."Around 1872, Stone told Francis J. Garrison in confidence that she and <mask> could live on their income and thus "cheerfully give" their time and effort to the Woman's Journal. <mask> continued to dabble in business that interested him. In 1871 he was part of a presidential committee sent to Santo

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 Domingo to explore commercial ramifications of a possible annexation, and even after annexation failed he continued to promote a model commercial base in the country. <mask> continued to be keenly interested in developing a successful alternative to cane sugar as a means of combating slavery in the West Indies. After obtaining a patent for a new refining method, he established the Maine Sugar Beet Company in 1878. Although early in its operation he telegraphed Stone: "Beet sugar manufacture a success. Slavery in Cuba is doomed," he and his partners found it impossible to obtain the quantity of sugar beets to keep the enterprise going, and shut the operation down in 1882.Work for Woman Suffrage
In the early years of <mask>'s marriage to Lucy Stone, he assisted her work whenever his business schedule permitted. In 1855, he lectured with her in and around Cincinnati during the summer, helped her manage the National Woman's Rights Convention held in Cincinnati that fall, and arranged winter lecture engagements for her in Wisconsin, Indiana, and Ohio. In 1856, he lectured with her in the region around their summer residence in Viroqua, Wisconsin. In the winter of 1857, when the tax bill came for their newly purchased house in Orange, New Jersey, Stone refused to pay on the basis of "no taxation without representation." After submitting to a public auction of household items to pay the tax and attendant court costs, <mask> and Stone lectured together in Orange on "Taxation without Representation." It was in these February 1858 speeches that <mask> first argued that woman suffrage was politically expedient no matter a party's principles or goals: Enfranchising women, he said, would allow Republicans to more than double their


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 influence toward abolishing slavery, the American Party to double the number of native-born voters, and Democrats to give votes to labor. Reconstruction issues

In 1866, the National Woman's Rights Convention, meeting for the first time since before the Civil War, voted itself into the American Equal Rights Association (AERA) to work for universal suffrage – the vote for both blacks and women.<mask> served as secretary of this organization during its three-year existence. In the winter of 1866–67, <mask> and Stone lectured together on universal suffrage and formed local Equal Rights Leagues in New York and New Jersey. They also traveled to Washington, D.C., to lobby Charles Sumner against inclusion of the word "male" in the proposed Fourteenth Amendment, which would penalize states for denying black suffrage but not woman suffrage. Unsuccessful in persuading Northern politicians to use this opportunity to extend the franchise to women, <mask> published an open letter to Southern legislators titled "What the South Can Do," again arguing that woman suffrage was politically expedient no matter a party's (or in this case, a region's) goals or fears. Using estimated figures of a white male and female electorate and a black male and female electorate, he argued that the vote of white Southern women would counterbalance the combined vote of black men and women. In the spring of 1867, the AWSA received an appeal for help from Kansas, where voters would face two suffrage referenda in the fall: one for removing the word "male" from voter qualifications, along with one for removing the word "white." <mask> and Stone left for Kansas in March and opened the campaign.They canvassed the state for two months, returned east full of


texts: optimism, and raised funds to send more speakers and tracts. After their return, <mask> and Stone also addressed a committee of the Connecticut Legislature in support of removing the word "male" from the state constitution's voter qualifications. <mask> served a second speaking stint in Kansas in the fall, during which defeat became apparent. Upon his return east, he and Stone turned their full attention to creating a demand for woman suffrage apart from the AERA's call for universal suffrage. After holding a series of woman's rights meetings across New Jersey, they called a state convention to form a state woman suffrage society. The object of the New Jersey Woman Suffrage Association that formed in November 1867 with Lucy Stone as president was to use all available means to secure woman suffrage. At the AERA convention in May 1868, Stone presented two forms of petition to Congress, one for woman suffrage in the District of Columbia and territories, which could be established by an Act of Congress, and the second for a separate woman suffrage amendment to the federal Constitution.As the petitions circulated in both the east and the west during the following months, <mask> and Stone continued organizing a woman suffrage movement separate from the AERA and its auxiliaries. In November 1868 they helped found a New England Woman Suffrage Association and in December they helped organize state societies in Rhode Island and New Hampshire. Believing their best chance for winning an amendment to a state constitution lay in Massachusetts, <mask> spearheaded a movement to form Liberty Leagues across the state – local organizations of male suffragists who pledged to vote only for pro-woman suffrage candidates to the legislature.


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 After passage of the Fourteenth Amendment, Congressional Republicans began drafting a Fifteenth Amendment to explicitly prohibit states from denying the vote to black men. Again <mask> and Stone traveled to Washington to lobby for the inclusion of woman suffrage, and again their efforts failed. Meanwhile, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony mounted a campaign opposing any suffrage amendment that did not enfranchise women – seen by many as overt opposition to the Fifteenth Amendment. Disagreement over that amendment divided the May 1869 convention of the AERA.The convention rejected resolutions opposing the Fifteenth Amendment, and when Stanton and Anthony then proposed that the AERA reorganize as a woman suffrage society, the convention accepted Stone's motion that it wait until after ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment so as not to give the appearance of opposition. Nevertheless, two days later Stanton and Anthony formed the National Woman Suffrage Association, which immediately came out as opposed to the Fifteenth Amendment. With no notice having been given that such a society was to be formed, their critics thus excluded, and no representation from state and local woman suffrage associations then in existence, many long-time suffragists did not view the organization as legitimately "national." The New England Woman Suffrage Association appointed a committee, headed by Stone, to call a convention to form a "truly national" woman suffrage organization with delegates from each state. The American Woman Suffrage Association was formed by a national convention meeting in Cleveland, Ohio, on October 24 and 25, 1869. <mask> drafted its constitution and was elected recording secretary. The Woman's Journal
The

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 New England Woman Suffrage Association also established the Woman's Journal, a weekly woman suffrage newspaper that became the organ of the American, New England, and Massachusetts woman suffrage associations.<mask> donated the first $1,000 of the $10,000 raised to start the paper, was one of three trustees under whom the joint stock company was incorporated, and was always the paper's largest shareholder. [44] In 1872, both he and Stone became editors and thereafter edited the Woman's Journal together, joined by their daughter, Alice Stone <mask>, in 1881. After Stone's death in 1893, <mask> continued editing until his death in 1909. He never took a salary for his work on the Woman's Journal, which became the longest-running suffrage paper in the nation (1870–1917). Campaigner and Strategist
<mask> was an officer of the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA) for many years, including being its president in 1880. He was also an officer of the New England and Massachusetts Woman Suffrage Associations, all of which shared offices with the Woman's Journal in Boston. Through involvement in Republican politics, he obtained a strong endorsement of woman suffrage from the Massachusetts Republican Party in 1872.As one of the American wing's most effective orators, <mask> spoke on organizing tours, before state and local suffrage meetings and conventions, at hearings before state legislatures and constitutional conventions, and at hearings before Congressional committees. He and Stone worked together on several state campaigns, including Colorado in 1877 and Nebraska in 1882. After frail health kept Stone from traveling, <mask> continued on without her, campaigning in Rhode Island in 1887 and South Dakota in 1890. One

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texts: scholar characterized their work saying, "In the annals of the suffrage movement, Lucy Stone and <mask> were as much a team as Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony." Stone thanked <mask> for the "abundant and unselfish work [he did] for women," saying, "Few men would have done it, leaving business, friends, pleasure for it." <mask> originated the AWSA's strategy of seeking partial suffrage by legislative action.Noting that state legislatures could establish women's right to both municipal suffrage (the right to vote in city elections) and presidential suffrage (the right to vote for presidential electors) through statute, he argued that such measures might be more readily gained than constitutional amendments, which after passage by a legislature had to then be ratified by the populace. He also noted that no constitutional amendment was required for Congress to establish full woman suffrage in either the District of Columbia or the territories. Believing that achieving such measures would undercut arguments against women's voting and become a permanent wedge for full suffrage, he urged that "every point gained is a great step forward." The AWSA campaigned widely for municipal and presidential suffrage, especially during the 1880s and 1890s. After the merger of the American and National wings in 1890, <mask> was made chair of the united association's Committee on Presidential Suffrage. Before the woman suffrage amendment to the federal Constitution passed in 1920, eleven states had established presidential suffrage, and four of those had granted municipal suffrage at the same time. Another strategy <mask> devised was aimed at constitutional conventions.In 1889 when the territories of North Dakota, Montana, and

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 Washington began drafting state constitutions for entry into the Union, the AWSA mobilized to press for inclusion of woman suffrage. But <mask> realized the chances for success were slim and devised a backup plan – persuading pro-suffrage delegates, if and when it became apparent a suffrage provision would fail, to push for a clause that would enable a future state legislature to extend suffrage to women by statute. <mask> obtained endorsements for the strategy from leading politicians and judges in other states, traveled to the constitutional conventions, lobbied their leaders, got his resolution introduced, and was given a hearing at each one. Though the effort failed, North Dakota and Montana came very close to adopting it. Death
<mask> died of inflammation of the bowels in 1909. Legacy
Alice Stone <mask>, the daughter of <mask> and Lucy Stone, helped her parents in editing the Woman's Journal; she became another leader for women's rights as well as for the Temperance movement and Prohibition. Writings
"Equal Suffrage vs.Prostitution"
"The Lesson of Colorado" (1877)
"Objections to Woman Suffrage Answered"

See also
List of suffragists and suffragettes
List of women's rights activists
Timeline of women's suffrage

Notes

References

Bibliography
 <mask>, Alice Stone. Lucy Stone: Pioneer of Woman's Rights. 1930. Reprint, University Press of Virginia, 2001. <mask>, Alice Stone. "What I Owe to My Father." Holt, 1931, pp.35–48. Reprint, with an introduction by Peter C. Engleman, Alice Stone Blackwell Trust: 1999. Hays, Elinor Rice. Morning Star: A Biography of Lucy Stone 1818–1893. Harcourt, Brace & World, 1961. ,
 Hays, Elinor Rice.

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 [https://www.amazon.com/Those-Extraordinary-Blackwells-Journey-Better/dp/B001EVC4CG/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1374254436&sr=1-1&keywords=Those+Extraordinary+Blackwells%3B+Story+Journey Those Extraordinary Blackwells: The Story of a Journey to a Better World."] Harcourt, 1967.ASIN  BOO1EVC4CG
 Kerr, Andrea Moore. Lucy Stone: Speaking Out for Equality. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1992. Million, Joelle. Woman's Voice, Woman's Place: Lucy Stone and the Birth of the Women's Rights Movement. Praeger, 2003. Wheeler, Leslie.Loving Warriors: Selected Letters of Lucy Stone and <mask><mask>, 1853–1893''. Dial Press, 1981. External links

LOC: The Blackwell Family archive
Papers, 1832–1981. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University. 1825 births
1909 deaths
American abolitionists
American feminists
American suffragists
<mask> family
English emigrants to the United States
English feminists
English suffragists
First-wave feminism
Male feminists
Massachusetts

masks:
Henry B
. Blackwell
Blackwell


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<mask> (1873–1962), commonly referred to as <mask>, was a six-time Champion jockey in the United Kingdom in the 1890s. He holds the records for the most wins by a jockey in the Craven Stakes, Coronation Stakes and Prince of Wales's Stakes. His most famous mount was Flying Fox who won the British Triple Crown in 1899. He was the son of English jockey and trainer <mask> (1846–1917). In his day he was considered the most perfect master of style and he epitomised "the art of jockeyship". Early life
<mask> was born on 21 May in Houghton, Hampshire, the same day that his father <mask> won the Somersetshire Stakes, at Bath, on a colt named <mask> (who also won the 1873 City and Suburban Handicap). <mask> derived his middle name from his father's mount and went by the nickname "Morny" for much of his racing career.His mother was Catherine Day, a grand daughter of English horse trainer John Barham Day. <mask> had three brothers who were also jockeys: Walter Kempton (1879–1951), <mask>, Jr. (1872–1945) and Charles. His sister Margaret married Ernest Piggott, who was the grandfather of champion jockey Lester Piggott. He was educated at Banister's Court, Southampton, and afterwards at Queenswood College by a private tutor. He married Miss E (Nelly) Dennett, of The Park, Nottingham, on 11 January 1894, at the old parish church, St Mary Abbots, Kensington. The wedding was a quiet one owing to the recent death of the bride's father. They honeymooned in Brighton with a view to setting up home near Danebury.Racing career
He had his first mount in public on 11 October 1886, on his father's mare Coraline at Kempton in the Middlesex All-aged Selling Plate. He finished well behind. His first mount in 1887 was at

masks:
Herbert Mornington Cannon
Morny Cannon
Tom Cannon
Herbert Mornington Cannon
Tom Cannon
Mornington
Cannon
Cannon
Tom Cannon


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 the Epsom Spring Meeting. Claiming the 5 pound apprentice allowance, he rode Koster at 6 stone 3 pounds in the Metropolitan Stakes. <mask>'s first race win occurred shortly before his fourteenth birthday, on 20 May 1887, in the City Bowl Salisbury. on Mr H E Tidy's Flint. By 1900 <mask> had won 1,542 races.His most famous mount was Flying Fox with which he captured the 1899 St. Leger Stakes, 2,000 Guineas and Epsom Derby, securing the Triple Crown. During his career, he was noted as having good hands for piloting 2-year-old horses. Morny <mask>’s Doncaster

Cannon monopolised the 1894 Doncaster St Leger meeting. His wins were as follows:
First Day: -Stand Plate (9 runners), Rowallan, 100/8; Champagne Stakes (5), Solero, 10/1; Great Yorkshire Handicap (16), Bushey Park, 100/12; Doncaster Welter (13), Lumberer, 100/8. Second Day: - Milton Stakes (7), Newmarket 4/5; St Leger (8), Throstle, 50/1. Third Day: - Juvenile Selling (10), Queen Saraband, 9/4; Rous Plate (6), Matabele, 100/30; Portland Plate (15), Grey Leg, 8/1; Corporation Selling (10), St Ignatius, 11/8. He drew a blank on the fourth day but was second in the Doncaster Cup on the 100/6 shot Portland.There were 26 races over the four days and <mask> rode in all but five of them yielding ten wins, four seconds, two thirds. There was almost one more because after dead-heating in the Tattersalls Stakes on The Brook he was beaten in the run-off. As well as winning most of the principle races the majority of his winners were outsiders and Throstle’s 50/1 victory in the St Leger was sensational. He was originally entered as a pacemaker for his more fancied stable mate, Matchbox, but it was Morny’s idea to change tactics and so bring off a

masks: Cannon Cannon Cannon Cannon


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 memorable success. As John Porter, Throstle’s trainer understated, Morny "was in irresistible form." Diamond Jubilee
<mask> would have ridden another Triple Crown winner in 1900, but Diamond Jubilee had an intense dislike of the jockey. Jack Watts, Prince of Wales's jockey, had already refused to take the ride on the notoriously unruly Diamond Jubilee, before connections turned to <mask>.<mask> had ridden the horse in the Boscawen Stakes in 1900, achieving a narrow win over Paigle in a finish that required a generous application of whip on Diamond Jubilee. The horse never again allowed <mask> to ride him, rolling on top of the jockey on one occasion. <mask>'s advice to the Prince was that "a brute like that ought to be shot," whilst claiming that he would not ride the horse for a pension. Diamond Jubilee was instead ridden by newcomer Herbert Jones during his Triple Crown campaign. Career statistics

<mask> won six Jockeys' Championship and retired from racing in 1909. Riding style

Morny's spell at the top was curtailed by rising weight and the 'American Invasion' of jockeys, which led to faster run races and riding in a crouching style with a shorter length of stirrup.At the time, despite the success of the American style of riding, many were convinced it was not the proper way to sit a horse. They felt sure in the long run the traditional English style of riding would prove the more successful, as it was certainly the more elegant and artistic.However, in their prime, there was not much to choose between “Tod” Sloan and <mask> as horseman, but Morny was well clear when it came to honesty and integrity. Despite his success in the saddle, trainer Mat Dawson, Fred Archer's mentor, dismissed

masks: Cannon Cannon Cannon Cannon Cannon Cannon Cannon


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 him as a 'dilettante jockey'. Most turfites, however, concurred with Rapier's opinion that Morny was always a "the most conscientious of professional horseman." <mask> was one of the old school of jockeys like Fordham and Archer, but towards the end of his career altered his riding methods, having his saddle further forward and shortening his stirrup leathers. He was also known for leaving his challenge very late in races, a trait he had learnt from his father, and considered the "English style", to win by the narrowest margin. Fellow jockey and later trainer, George Lambton commented, "It really was extraordinary, after apparently being out of a race, how he would sweep down on three or four struggling horses and beat them",
also adding, "there is no doubt that most of the jockeys were frightened to death of Morny with his tremendous rush at the finish." Such tactics were not always popular.Another trainer, John Porter believed it cost him the 1901 Derby on William The Third. However, weighing room colleague, Danny Maher, considered Morny as, "one of the finest horsemen that he had ever fought out a finish." Retirement
Increasingly suffering from rheumatism <mask> announced his retirement from racing in April 1909  and lived in Brighton and Hove for many years until his death in 1962 at the age of 89. Maybe of Interest
The nine times Champion Jockey in Ireland, Morny Wing was named after Morny <mask>, whom his father idolised. He is mentioned in James Joyce's "Ulysses", "Morny <mask> is riding him." See also
List of significant families in British horse racing

References

Bibliography

External links

1873 births
1962 deaths
People from Test Valley
British Champion flat jockeys
English


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<mask> (born Cyril Goldbert, 23 August 1927 – 15 January 2018) was a British television, stage and film actor from the late 1940s to the mid 1990s. He was best known for portraying the character Jason King, a bestselling novelist turned sleuth, in two television series: Department S (1969–70) and Jason King (1971–72). His flamboyant dress sense and stylish performances led to success, and he was considered a style icon in Britain and elsewhere in the early 1970s. Background and early life
<mask>'s birth name was Cyril Goldbert. His full name may have been Cyril Louis Goldbert. According to his own account, he was born on 23 August 1933 to a French mother and a British father at an aunt's home in Marseille, France. Other than being born in August, this is all either untrue or disputed.Like many actors and other celebrities, Wyngarde changed his name and claimed to be younger than he was. He also cited a false family background by changing his father's name and profession and both his parents' nationalities and their ethnic origins, and he would also fabricate a false education and work history of his early years in the UK. He maintained these versions of his biography until his death at 90 in 2018. The Guardian newspaper said in March 2020 that "his life story is shrouded in mystery". Date and place of birth

His 2018 death certificate states that he was born on 23 August 1927. Most reports of his death in January 2018 concur and say that he was 90 years old when he died. A biography published in 2020 which claimed to draw on personal knowledge of the subject gave his date of birth as 28 (not 23) August 1928.Most formal official sources cite 1927 as his year of birth, but other more informal sources have reported a range of birth years from 1924 to 1937. In a 1993 interview Wyngarde claimed not to know his own age. His death certificate records his birthplace as Singapore and on immigration documents related

masks:
Peter Paul Wyngarde
Peter Wyngarde


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 to two trips to the United States in 1960 Wyngarde stated his place of birth was Singapore. However, during a subsequent visit to Singapore in 1972 he denied having previously been there. Throughout his life Wyngarde always cited Marseille as his place of birth, and this is repeated in the biography published in 2020. Family

Passenger records of <mask>e's journey to the UK in 1945 and a biography published in 2020 name his father as a British merchant seaman called Henry Goldbert (1897–1945). Henry Goldbert was of Russian ethnicity and born in present day Ukraine.He grew up in British Malaya, where he became a naturalised British citizen. Wyngarde had claimed that Henry Goldbert was his stepfather, and that his birth father was an Englishman named <mask> who had a prestigious career in the British Diplomatic Service in Hong Kong, Malaya, Singapore and India, before becoming an importer-exporter of antique watches living in Eaton Square, London. No such person appears in any public records in the UK or anywhere in the world. Despite being named as Wyngarde's next of kin on the passenger manifest, Henry Goldbert appears to have died in the US in October 1945, a few weeks before his son arrived in the UK from Shanghai. <mask>'s mother was Margherita Goldbert,  Ahin (1908–1992), known as Madge. In interviews he always said she was French. She appears to have been born to a Eurasian family from Singapore.She and Henry Goldbert divorced in 1937. Wyngarde had two younger siblings: Henry Goldbert Jr, known as Joe (1930–2011) and Marion Goldbert Wells (1932–2012). They would move to England in 1946, shortly after Wyngarde did, but the 2020 biography says that he chose to have very little further contact with them or their families, including Henry Jr's two sons who were named executors of Wyngarde's estate. After <mask>e's parents divorced, his mother is said to have married Charles Léo Juvet of the Shanghai-based

masks:
Peter Wgard
Henry Wyngarde
Peter Wyngarde
Peter Wyngard


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 Swiss horological family through whom she gained Swiss citizenship. His mother's marriage into the Juvet family appears to have provided Wyngarde with some of the raw material for his later claims to be the son of a dealer in antique watches and to be the maternal nephew of the French actor-director Louis Jouvet. Madge MacAulay does not appear to have been Louis Jouvet's sister or sister-in-law and moreover the French Louis Jouvet appears to be unrelated to the Swiss Juvet family. In 1947 Madge married John MacAulay, known as Ian, in Shanghai, at which time her legal name was recorded as her first married name Marcheritta [sic] Goldbert.She lived in Johor, Malaysia until her husband retired and they moved to his home town of Stornaway, Scotland. After his mother's marriage to Ian MacAulay, Wyngarde would sometimes use his stepfather's surname. Early life

Interviewed in 1973, Wyngarde said: "As a child it was difficult to differentiate sometimes between fact and fantasy." He often spoke about his traumatic early life. Wyngarde told an interviewer that after his parents' divorce his father took him to China "only months before war with China broke out" in the summer of 1937. He spoke about living in Shanghai when the Japanese Army took over the Shanghai International Settlement on 8 December 1941. Correspondence held in the UK's National Archives shows that in 1942 Henry Goldbert's three children including 15-year-old Cyril were living in Shanghai and that efforts were being made by the UK's Ministry of War Transport, the Prisoners of War Department and various boarding schools to facilitate the children's repatriation to the UK, but that Cyril could not be accommodated because of his age.In April 1943, he was interned in the Lunghua civilian internment camp. In one interview in the 1970s, Wyngarde says that he was interned as an unaccompanied 5-year-old due to an administrative error, but this appears to be


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 age fabrication since records show that he was interned from age 15 to just before his 18th birthday. He began acting during his internment when he played all the characters in a version of Doctor Jekyll and Mr Hyde. Following the Surrender of Japan, the internment camps were liberated in August 1945. Cyril Goldbert left Shanghai that autumn and travelled to the UK on the Cunard-White Star Line ship Arawa. Passenger records show that he travelled alone, aged 18, and arrived in Southampton on 14 December 1945. He later claimed that the ship had arrived in Liverpool not Southampton, and that it was greeted by King George VI, which it was not.The British author J.G. Ballard was also interned at the Lunghua camp and he travelled to the UK with Wyngarde and other former internees. In 1995, he wrote:

Wyngarde always denied knowing Ballard or said he could not remember, but in an undated letter published by his biographer in 2020 he confirms that he knew Ballard. His own accounts of his life after leaving Shanghai for England appear to have been embellished with a prestigious and false history of education, travel and work. In part, this helped account for the six-year gap created by his claim to have been a 12-year-old boy when he left Shanghai, not a man of 18 as the passenger manifest says. He claimed to have spent two years in a Swiss sanatorium recovering from his war experiences before attending public schools in England, France and/or Switzerland, after which he claimed to have studied in the Faculty of Law, University of Oxford for three months, and to have worked in a London advertising agency for a while before starting work as a professional actor. Little or none of this can be true because it is clear that Wyngarde arrived in the UK from Shanghai aged 18 in December 1945 and began his professional acting career in early 1946 just a few months later.Career

Early acting career
Having changed his name


texts: from Cyril Goldbert to <mask> on arrival in the UK in December 1945, within a few months he began his professional acting career. He first appeared at the Buxton Playhouse in 1946, and the following year in a production of Noël Coward's Present Laughter at the Theatre Royal, Birmingham. He appeared with Alec Guinness in Hamlet in London in 1951, and with Siobhán McKenna in Saint Joan in 1954. His theatre appearances included playing opposite Vivien Leigh in 1958, and as Cyrano de Bergerac at the Bristol Old Vic in 1959, which he considered a highlight of his career. After making his film debut in a brief, uncredited role as a soldier in Dick Barton Strikes Back (1949), Wyngarde had more roles in feature films, television plays and television series guest appearances from the mid-1950s. One of these, a television adaptation of Julien Green's novel South (1959, originally Sud), in which Wyngarde featured in a lead role, is thought to be the earliest television play with an overtly homosexual theme. He appeared as Long John Silver in an  adaptation of The Adventures of Ben Gunn (1958), and as Sir Roger Casement in an episode of Granada Television's On Trial series produced by <mask>blood.He also featured in the title role of Rupert of Hentzau in 1964. Wyngarde's film work was not extensive, but gained attention. He took the role of Pausanias opposite Richard Burton in the film Alexander the Great (1956), and appeared in the film The Siege of Sidney Street (1960) with Donald Sinden. In Jack Clayton's The Innocents (1961), he had brief unspeaking scenes as the leering <mask> with Deborah Kerr and Pamela Franklin. He followed this appearance as the lead in the occult thriller Night of the Eagle (US title: Burn Witch Burn, 1962), his only film appearance in a lead role. By the late 1960s, Wyngarde was guest starring in television series of the time, many of which were shown internationally, including The Avengers,

masks:
Peter Wyngarde
Peter Wilde
Peter Quint


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 The Saint, The Baron, The Champions and I Spy. He also appeared in The Prisoner ("Checkmate", 1967) as the authority figure called Number Two.Wyngarde was also a guest star, playing himself as a Shakespearean actor in Lucy in London (1968), a prime-time TV special starring Lucille Ball. Popular success as Jason King

Wyngarde became a British household name through his starring role in the espionage series Department S (1969). His Jason King character, a novelist turned sleuth, was reputedly based on the author Ian Fleming. King led a hedonistic lifestyle; he often got the girl but as she is about to kiss him manages to avoid it, much to the annoyance of co-actor Joel Fabiani. After that series ended, his character, the suave womaniser Jason King, was spun off into a new action espionage series entitled Jason King (1971), which ran for one season of 26 fifty-minute episodes. One obituary described Wyngarde as playing the role "in the manner of a cat walking on tiptoe, with an air of self-satisfaction", but that increasingly his acting became more mannered and he came to believe his own publicity. His director, Cyril Frankel, said: "It got to a point where he wouldn't accept direction."Frankel also said: "He was a very fine actor, but unfortunately a difficult person." The series led Wyngarde to briefly become an international celebrity, being mobbed by female fans in Australia. Carl Gresham, his promotional manager at this time said later that "During the '70s we had a contract to officially open over 30 Woolworths newly refurbished stores throughout the UK. Other than my friends and clients, Morecambe & Wise, <mask> was the most requested and highest paid celebrity making personal appearances." In the role, he "became a style icon, with his droopy moustache, hair that looked like a bearskin hat and a wardrobe of wide-lapelled, three-piece suits, cravats and open-necked shirts in colours so bright they might


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 hurt sensitive eyes." In 1970, he was described as "Britain's best-dressed male personality", and the following year it was reported that more babies were christened Jason that year than ever before. Later career
In 1974, Wyngarde played the lead role of the King of Siam in a stage revival of The King and I, initially with Sally Ann Howes as Anna, which ran for 260 performances at the Adelphi Theatre in London.In the late 1970s, he performed in the theatre in South Africa and Austria. Also on stage he appeared in the thriller Underground with Raymond Burr and Marc Sinden (whose father Donald had worked with Wyngarde on The Siege of Sidney Street) at the Royal Alexandra Theatre, Toronto and at the Prince of Wales Theatre, London in 1983. Wyngarde played the masked character Klytus in the film Flash Gordon (1980) and Sir Robert Knight in the film Tank Malling (1989) with Ray Winstone. On TV he appeared in The Two Ronnies 1984 Christmas Special as Sir Guy. Other TV appearances include Doctor Who (in the four-episode-story Planet of Fire, 1984), Hammer House of Mystery and Suspense (1984), Bulman (1985), The Lenny Henry Show (1994) and The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes (1994). After leaving a 1995 stage production of The Cabinet of Dr Caligari due to a throat infection while still in previews, Wyngarde mostly stopped acting except for occasional voice work. Having given up stage acting, Wyngarde continued to appear in public at Memorabilia and other events celebrating his screen performances.He appeared as a guest of Simon Dee in the Channel 4 one-off revival of his chat show Dee Time in 2003. Screenwriter Mark Millar says that when casting his 2004 film Layer Cake, the director Matthew Vaughn wanted Wyngarde for a role, but was told that he had died. Seven years later, Vaughn requested him again for a role in X-Men: First Class but was again wrongly advised that Wyngarde had died. In 2007, Wyngarde participated in


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 recording extras for a box-set of The Prisoner, including a mock interview segment titled "The Pink Prisoner". In January 2014, he narrated an episode of the BBC Four Timeshift documentary strand How to Be Sherlock Holmes: The Many Faces of a Master Detective. In It was Alright in the 1960s, a 2015 documentary series for Channel 4, Wyngarde expressed his unease at having had to don blackface to play a Turk in The Saint, but said he had done it only in the hope that a theatre director might pick him to play Othello. Recordings
In 1970, Wyngarde recorded an album released by RCA Victor entitled simply <mask>e, featuring a single, "La Ronde De L'Amour"/"The Way I Cry Over You".The album is a collection of spoken-word musical arrangements produced by Vic Smith and Hubert Thomas Valverde. Wyngarde claimed that: "It sold out in next to no time... but RCA point-blankly refused to press any more. I was fuming, as I'd been given a three-album contract with the company, who promised to release one LP every 12 months. The excuse was that production was being moved... They told me that everything would have to go on the back burner, but I just believe that they got cold feet". A promo single of the track "Rape" (entitled "Peter Wyngarde Commits Rape") was also issued in 1970. In 1998, the album was reissued on CD by RPM Records, re-titled When Sex Leers Its Inquisitive Head.The album is now usually treated as a curiosity because of its unusual spoken-word style and the controversial subject matter of some of the tracks. Personal life
<mask> married the actress Dorinda Stevens on 6 March 1951 when he was 23. They lived at 9 Holland Park, Kensington. By November 1955, Stevens was described in a TV Times profile as "a bachelor girl, sharing a mews flat near Portland Place, London, with Cassio, her wire-haired terrier". She married the Canadian cinematographer William Michael Boultbee (1933–2005) in Nairobi in 1957 while

masks:
Peter Wyngard
Peter Wyngarde


texts: filming for African Patrol. Interviewed for The Sydney Morning Herald in 1972, Wyngarde said his biggest regret was that he "married far too young", adding: "It lasted three [sic] years and the last year was pretty hell. However, one just goes on learning from one's mistakes doesn't one?"He called Vivien Leigh "the love of my life". From 1956 to 1958, Wyngarde shared a flat with Ruby Talbot in London and the 2020 biography cites the electoral roll as evidence that this was a romantic relationship. In the late 1950s he moved to a flat in number 1 Earls Terrace off Kensington High Street in London. He would live in the same building for the rest of his life. He shared a flat there for some years with fellow actor Alan Bates and according to some sources this was a romantic relationship. It was always assumed within the acting community that Wyngarde was gay and while the nickname Petunia Winegum is often quoted it may have originated in a comedy sketch rather than being a genuine nickname. In July 1974, Jeremy Dallas-Cope, a 23-year-old described as Wyngarde's former "male secretary and personal assistant", was found guilty at his trial at the Old Bailey and sentenced to two years' imprisonment, for forging nearly £3,000 worth of cheques from the actor's bank account.Upon the fraud scheme being discovered Dallas-Cope persuaded his flatmate Anthony O'Donoghue, a male model, "to attempt suicide and take the blame". O'Donoghue was found by police when close to death, and was sentenced to 15 months, after also being found guilty. Public attention was drawn to Wyngarde's personal life in 1975 when he was prosecuted under his real name Cyril Goldbert for gross indecency with a crane driver in public toilets in Gloucester bus station. The Evening Standard reported on 11 October 1975 that Wyngarde's solicitor had tried to dismiss the charge as a "mental aberration" brought on by excessive drinking, but Wyngarde was