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<mask> (born February 27, 1957) is an American politician who served as the District Attorney of Los Angeles County from December 3, 2012 to December 7, 2020. <mask> is the first woman, and first African-American, to serve as LA District Attorney since the office was created in 1850. As a district attorney, she has been described as part of the "tough-on-crime" movement. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Los Angeles and raised in the Crenshaw neighborhood. Her father, Louis Phillips, was a City of Los Angeles Lot Cleaning employee, and her mother, Addie Phillips, was a garment factory worker. <mask> attended Dorsey High School, graduated from the University of California, Irvine with a degree in psychology in 1979, and graduated from the University of Southern California Law School in 1982. Professional career
<mask> joined the District Attorney's Office in 1986 as a deputy district attorney.<mask> prosecuted hundreds of criminal cases while serving as a deputy district attorney, including a successful prosecution of the first race-based hate crime murder in Los Angeles County. <mask> continued to move up through the ranks, taking on management and executive roles in the office in 2000. In 2011, she was named Chief Deputy District Attorney, the second-in-command to the District Attorney. Los Angeles County District Attorney
As LA county DA, <mask> has been described as "tough on crime". During her 2020 re-election campaign, her "tough-on-crime" platform was contrasted with the criminal justice reform-minded platforms of her opponents. According to the New York Times, <mask> has "[resisted] efforts to more drastically reduce prison populations." 2012 election
In June 2011, <mask> announced her candidacy for district attorney, hoping to succeed retiring incumbent Steve Cooley.In the June 2012 election, in what was considered a major upset, <mask> and criminal prosecutor Alan Jackson defeated City Attorney Carmen Trutanich, who was considered the favorite. <mask> and Jackson advanced to a November 2012 runoff election, which <mask> won with 55% of the vote. <mask> was sworn in as district attorney on December 3, 2012

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 by outgoing attorney Steve Cooley, in a ceremony attended by former district attorneys Gil Garcetti, Robert Philibosian, and John Van de Kamp. Industrial accidents and environmental crimes
In 2014, <mask> announced that she would implement a new program that sought to improve investigations of industrial accidents and environmental crimes to help the District Attorney's Office build a stronger case against potential violations of workplace and environmental safety laws. The program assembled a new unit consisting of more than a dozen members who are sent to the sites of accidents involving deaths, injuries and threats to the environment, immediately upon notification by first responders. Launch of new units and office initiatives
In 2014, <mask> announced an alternative sentencing program aimed at diverting mentally ill, low-level offenders from jail into treatment. Those who complete the treatment and any court-imposed probation will have their pending criminal charges cleared from their records.The program was designed to reduce jail overcrowding and end a revolving door for offenders with mental illness who find themselves incarcerated for relatively minor crimes. In early 2019, <mask> launched the DA's first mental health division - the first for California and possibly United States - which seeks opportunities to expand treatment and other services for mentally ill inmates in the criminal justice system. The new division works with defendants who have been declared mentally incompetent to stand trial or who are seeking alternative sentences due to their mental illnesses. <mask> founded and serves as chair of the Criminal Justice Mental Health Project for Los Angeles County, leading a multidisciplinary working group devoted to diverting people who are mentally ill out of the criminal justice system for nonviolent offenses. The project secured $150 million in funding from LA County, ensured the opening of urgent care centers as an alternative to jail for certain arrestees, and helped create a new county office of diversion and re-entry. In 2014, in partnership with the Rotary Club of Los Angeles, <mask> launched a

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 campaign against scams targeting the elderly, in which volunteers would go to senior centers, nursing homes and other places seniors gather to give presentations about how to recognize and avoid scams, as well as pass out literature to home-bound seniors. <mask> also instituted the DA's bimonthly Fraud Alerts to educate the public about common fraud schemes targeting seniors, including counterfeit drug scams and Medicare rip-offs.In 2015, <mask> announced the creation of the Conviction Review Unit, dedicated to pursuing the innocence claims of people imprisoned for serious felonies, if new evidence is discovered. When new evidence warrants it, a formal investigation is opened to review details of the case, and the case is presented to the Conviction Review Committee, who will decide whether they doubt the original conviction. In 2017, <mask> launched the Notario Fraud Unit with the goal of prosecuting those involved in immigration service scams who pose as either attorneys, special agents, or government workers who could expedite the processing of legal documents. Since its inception, the Notario Fraud Unit has prosecuted eight major criminal cases. Forgiveness of infractions
In April 2019, <mask> announced that Los Angeles County would collaborate with Code for America, a nonprofit tech organization, to identify decades-old court cases to reduce or expunge 50,000 marijuana convictions. The initiative is the result of Proposition 64, a 2016 measure that legalized marijuana possession in the state of California. As part of the measure, voters also approved erasing past marijuana-related convictions and authorizing re-sentencing for eligible offenders.Additionally, in response to the homeless population being repeatedly ticketed and arrested for minor infractions, DA <mask>, City Attorney Mike Feuer, and LAPD Chief Michel Moore agreed to “unclog” the court system of more than 300,000 older warrants and citations. The plan, known as the Fugitive Misdemeanant Recovery Program, allows law enforcement and safety officials to focus on dangerous criminals instead of time on minor infractions involving the homeless. Sexual abuse

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 in the entertainment industry
Following multiple accusations of sexual abuse against high-profile entertainment figures, <mask> created a task force of prosecutors to deal with sexual abuse crimes in the entertainment industry. In January 2020, <mask> charged former film producer Harvey Weinstein with forcible rape, forcible oral copulation, sexual penetration by force, and sexual battery by restraint. Capital punishment
Even after California Gov. Gavin Newsom announced a moratorium on capital punishment in California, <mask> pursued death penalty cases. 2020 election
In June 2020, amid the George Floyd protests for criminal justice reform, Eric Garcetti, the incumbent Mayor of Los Angeles rescinded his prior endorsement of <mask> as Los Angeles County District Attorney, in the lead-up to the 2020 election, where she lost to re-election to George Gascón.Representative Adam Schiff also rescinded his endorsement of <mask>. Criticism

Refusal to prosecute law enforcement
During her term, <mask> was heavily criticized by Black Lives Matter, the ACLU and others for failing to prosecute a single member of Los Angeles County law enforcement for murder. The criticism increased in March 2018 when <mask> refused to file charges against LAPD officer Clifford Proctor for shooting and killing Brendon Glenn three years earlier, despite LAPD Chief Charlie Beck recommending <mask> prosecute Proctor. In a statement after <mask> declined to file charges against Proctor, the ACLU of Southern California released a statement saying, in part:

Refusal to prosecute Ed Buck
<mask> was heavily criticized for refusing to prosecute Ed Buck, a wealthy Democratic Party donor, following the 2017 drug overdose death of a young Black man named Gemmel Moore in Buck's apartment. At the time, Los Angeles County Sheriff's deputies found "nearly two grams of methamphetamine, syringes and drug paraphernalia throughout the residence". Black and LGBTQ community activists and local attorneys called on <mask> to prosecute Buck, and Moore's family "provided authorities with substantial evidence, including the names of several other victims, that Buck engaged in a

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 pattern of drugging, video-taping, and sexually assaulting black men." Six months after <mask> declined to prosecute Ed Buck for Gemmel Moore's death, another Black man, Timothy Dean, was found dead of a drug overdose in Buck's apartment in January 2019.Activists renewed their calls to <mask> to prosecute Buck, but again she declined. In an October 2019 meeting of the Stonewall Democratic Club, a gay rights organization in Los Angeles, <mask> claimed that Sheriff's deputies' illegal search and seizure of evidence in Buck's residence at the time of Moore's death rendered the evidence inadmissible in court, and therefore "presented a challenge" to her efforts to prosecute. She did not respond to participants' criticism that deputies should not have taken legal advice from a coroner, as <mask> claimed they had. Ed Buck was arrested in September 2019 following a 911 call by a young Black man who was experiencing an overdose of methamphetamine administered by Buck. The man was taken to a hospital and survived. <mask>'s office then charged Buck with "one felony count each of battery causing serious injury, administering methamphetamine and maintaining a drug house." In spite of Buck's eventual arrest and prosecution, Black and LGBTQ activists in Los Angeles have continued to protest <mask>, her office, and the lengthy delay in charging Buck.In February 2020, the Los Angeles New Frontier Democratic Club, “the oldest and largest African American Democratic club in the state of California”, declined to endorse <mask>'s reelection. Rep. Maxine Waters of Los Angeles and California's junior U.S. Senator Kamala Harris, both Black women, endorsed <mask>'s opponent, former San Francisco District Attorney George Gascón, in their November 2020 runoff, and Black Lives Matter activists have protested outside <mask>'s home in March, June, and July 2020. Celebrity cases
<mask> has been criticized for not charging Bikram Choudhury criminally: there is a "reluctance of the district attorney to go after powerful men" as described in Netflix's 2019 documentary film, Bikram: Yogi, Guru, Predator, despite numerous women coming forward with

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 allegations of sexual assault and rape. Her office has refused to comment publicly on their lack of action on this matter. Choudhury fled the country after receiving an arrest warrant. <mask> has similarly been criticized for inaction in the case of four women who report having been raped by actor Danny Masterson.Campaign contributions from law enforcement unions
In June 2020, a group of high-profile prosecutors from California's most heavily populated counties, lobbied the California State Bar to prohibit District Attorneys from accepting donations from law enforcement unions, citing the possible conflicts of interest with respect to how district attorneys investigate, prosecute, or interact with police officers. <mask> has publicly opposed this proposed prohibition. During the 2020 Los Angeles County District Attorney primary election, law enforcement unions had contributed over 75% of the $2.2 million raised by <mask>. <mask> ultimately won a plurality of votes in the race, given broad financial support from these law enforcement unions, including Association for Los Angeles Deputy Sheriffs (ALADS) and Los Angeles Police Protective League (LAPPL). Personal life
<mask> lives in the Granada Hills neighborhood with her husband, <mask>. They have two adult children, Kareem and April. <mask>'s husband David wielded a gun on March 2, 2020, when protesters came to their home to call for her resignation and knocked on their door.He was subsequently charged with three counts of assault with a firearm by the California Attorney General's Office. References

1957 births
African-American lawyers
African-American people in California politics
African-American women in politics
African-American women lawyers
American women lawyers
California Democrats
District attorneys in California
Living people
People from Crenshaw, Los Angeles
People from Granada Hills, Los Angeles
Politicians from Los Angeles
Susan Miller Dorsey High School alumni
University of California, Irvine alumni
USC Gould School of Law alumni
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
20th-century African-American people
20th-century

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<mask> (born June 28, 1988) is an American R&B singer, songwriter and producer from Wauwatosa, Wisconsin. She is currently based in Los Angeles, California. Over her career, she has written for and collaborated with artists featuring Chance the Rapper, Masego, Vic Mensa, Francis and the Lights, Westside Boogie and Towkio, as well as winning a Grammy Award. <mask> has performed on national television shows including Showtime at the Apollo and The Oprah Winfrey Show. After time spent at Capitol Records, <mask> independently released her debut album, "A Beautiful Space", on June 11, 2021, which was executive produced by The Social Experiment. The lead single off the album "Feels Like Heaven" was released on February 12, 2021 and the second single "Thru the Fire" featuring American rapper, Chance the Rapper, was released on March 26, 2021. A deluxe version of the album was later released on October 27, 2021 followed by <mask>'s first ever headlining tour titled, "The Beautiful Space Tour".Early life
<mask> was born on June 28, 1988 in Wauwatosa, Wisconsin. Third of four children to <mask>, a lawyer, and Patricia Mueller, a teacher, she grew up in a large and musical family. Her grandfather required each of his 10 children to learn an instrument, so she was exposed to music from a young age from that family heritage. At 12, she joined the Central City Youth Gospel Choir in Milwaukee and began singing gospel in earnest at churches and revivals around the city, as the choir gave her "instant validation that [her] voice could move people." In 2004, at age 16, she performed on the nationally televised Showtime at the Apollo in Harlem, NY. That same year, she was asked to perform at soccer icon Mia Hamm and baseball player Nomar Garciaparra's wedding in Santa Barbara, California. In 2006, she was nominated for and became a Presidential Scholar for the Arts, through her receipt of the Silver Award in Popular Voice from the National Young Arts Foundation in the same year.As a part

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 of the Presidential Scholars, <mask> performed at the Kennedy Center shortly after. Also in 2006, <mask> attended New York University's Gallatin School of Individualized Study and created a major in Music Performance and Music Marketing with a minor in Studio Art. <mask> graduated from NYU in May 2010. Music career

Early career + initial projects: 2009–2015
In 2009, in her senior year at NYU, <mask> submitted a video of herself singing Aretha Franklin's "Natural Woman" to The Oprah Winfrey Show as part of its Karaoke Challenge. As one of the eight semi-finalists chosen from all entries, <mask> performed live on the Oprah Show. Hosts included Billy Ray Cyrus, Gladys Knight and Ashford and Simpson. In 2010, <mask> was named a Spotlight Artist to Watch in Billboard.Before the release of her first project, Hope & Heart, in 2011, <mask> was asked to perform at the official commemoration of the 10th anniversary of 9/11 in Paris, where she performed her original song, "Leave the Light On". Hope & Heart was released on September 13, 2011 and produced by Michael Mangini. Throughout 2012, <mask> received more press for her first project, including being an NBC "First Look" in February 2012 and Huffington Post’s A-sides with Jon Chattman performing "Hitchhiker". In 2013, <mask> began production on her second project, The Refinery. Notable singles from the project include the pop ballad "Till I Hurt You," which was the third single from the project and premiered on Conan O’Brian’s Team Coco. The Refinery and its songs received coverage from major outlets including USA Today, Lucky, Soundcheck, NPR Music, Access Hollywood, Good Day New York, Blackbook, Relix, Entertainment Weekly, Audio Tree, and Kick Kick Snare. In 2014, <mask> was featured as one of Buzzfeed's "11 Independent Musicians Who Are Making a Name for Themselves," described as "old soul with new boogie shoes."She also showcased at SXSW 2014 and was featured as one of Maxims "Hot 10". In 2015, <mask> was named one of New

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 Music Seminars' "Artists on the Verge" along with artists like Wild Adriatic, Twin Peaks and Perfect Pussy. This development was covered by Billboard. Also in 2015, <mask> was given the prestigious honor of performing for the National Music Publishers Association's annual event in Washington, D.C. opening for Lady A.

GRAMMY® win and Capitol Records signing and A Beautiful Space: 2016-present
In 2016, <mask> penned "All We Got" (feat. Kanye West and Chicago Children's Choir) for Chance the Rapper's mixtape, Coloring Book, which went on to win Best Rap Album at the 2017 GRAMMY® Awards and earn <mask> her first GRAMMY® from The Recording Academy. During that time, she featured and wrote on Westside Boogie's song "Prideful" from his mixtape, Thirst 48 Part II. In 2017, she performed at the Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles, CA, alongside Francis and the Lights and Chance the Rapper.That same year she wrote on a remix of Francis and the Lights' "May I Have This Dance" featuring Chance. <mask> also released her critically acclaimed single "More Than Friends" in 2017, which received support from John Mayer and was deemed a "shining" single by UPROXX. Produced by Nate Fox and Nico Segal of The Social Experiment, "More Than Friends" further cemented their ongoing collaborative relationship (along with the group's Peter Cottontale) to craft <mask>'s debut album. <mask>'s single "Elated" followed shortly after, hailed by Billboard as a "euphoric delight." <mask> signed a major label deal with Capitol Records in 2018. She subsequently dropped a string of successful singles under the label including highlight "Mercy" featuring Vic Mensa. <mask>o's song "2 Da Moon" alongside Teddy Jackson around this time.Later in 2018, she toured with Chance the Rapper as part of Lollapalooza and more noteworthy acts including Thirdstory and PJ Morton on his "More Gumbo" North American Fall 2018 Tour. In June 2018, she made her first appearance on NPR Music's Tiny Desk Concert alongside GoldLink. 2019

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 saw the R&B prodigy embark on a new journey as an independent artist, starting with the single "Young Love Games." In the summer of 2020, <mask> released her debut EP "How Did We Get Here," which featured standout tracks like "Crazy to Hope" featuring Masego. The EP was praised as "a master class in moving production, radiant vocals and engrossing lyrics" by the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. The lead single off her highly-anticipated debut album "Feels Like Heaven" "celebrates newfound artistic freedom," according to American Songwriter. The album's follow-up single "Thru the Fire" features Chance the Rapper and was released on March 26, 2021.COMPLEX called it "powerful," noting that it puts "her voice on full display." On June 11, 2021, she announced her debut album, titled "A Beautiful Space" executive produced by The Social Experiment. <mask>'s Music Lab
Started by <mask> in 2016, The Music Lab is a free monthly music and arts education program and talent accelerator for Milwaukee high school students hosted by musician and DJ, B-Free. At The Music Lab, students have the opportunity to learn about the music and entertainment industries through featured guests. They are also given the opportunity to collaborate, perform, and build relationships with their peers. Currently, <mask>'s Music Lab is one of four grantees nation-wide to receive funding from the U.S. Presidential Scholars Foundation. Musical influences
In terms of her singing, <mask> has noted influences including "strong women": Eva Cassidy, Mariah Carey, Celine Dion and India Arie, whereas her songwriting is inspired by poets including Joni Mitchell, Thom York and Patty Griffin.Discography
Projects
 Hope & Heart (2011)
 The Refinery (2014)
EPs

 How Did We Get Here (2020)

Albums

 A Beautiful Space (2021)
 A Beautiful Space (Deluxe) (2021)

References

External links

1988 births
Living people
People from Wauwatosa, Wisconsin
New York University alumni
Musicians from Wisconsin
Songwriters from

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<mask> (September 6, 1934 – April 17, 2012) was an American teacher, author, and political activist from Chicago, Illinois. <mask> was on the Socialist Party USA's presidential ticket twice. He was the party's vice-presidential nominee in 1976 alongside former Milwaukee mayor Frank P. Zeidler. In 1992, he returned to SPUSA's ticket when he ran as a candidate for president of the United States. Background
<mask> was born September 6, 1934, to Olive and <mask> of Enid, Oklahoma. He grew up during the Dust Bowl era with his brother, <mask>, matriculating through Enid Public Schools and graduating Enid High School in 1952. While in Enid he worked for the Enid News & Eagle and radio station KCRC.He also studied at Phillips University. He met Andrea Rosaaen, a needlepoint artist, while studying at the University of Oklahoma. He graduated from the College of Arts and Sciences in 1955, and she from the College of Fine Arts in 1954. They married in 1955 and then lived for some time in Madison, Wisconsin while he studied for his graduate degree at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He was an agnostic. Teaching career
J<mask> <mask> taught history and social studies for 32 years at the high school and middle school level, including briefly in Gurnee, Illinois before relocating to Chicago, where he taught at Mason Upper Grade Center, Thomas Kelly High School and Harlan High until his retirement in 1990. He served several terms as a representative in the American Federation of Teachers, Local 1,  and frequently served on strike committees.He received several teaching awards, including being named Teacher of the Year by Teachers for Integrated Schools in 1964. Activism
J<mask> <mask> was active as an ally in many social movements during his lifetime, beginning with the Civil Rights Movement. <mask> took

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 part in the Mississippi Freedom Summer of 1964—where he was briefly jailed—and in several Southern Christian Leadership Conference-sponsored activities in Alabama from 1965 to 1967. As a student at the University of Oklahoma in the 1950s, <mask> was once physically attacked for being the first white member of the local NAACP chapter. He was active in the anti-Vietnam War movement and served as a boycott captain for the United Farm Workers. In July 1990, he and Andrea helped smuggle 3,000 condoms donated by ACT-UP Chicago to the Moscow Lesbian and Gay Union. Around the time of his run for president in 1992, <mask> had been primarily involved in the disability rights movement, with American Disabled for Attendant Programs Today (ADAPT), even serving three days in an Orlando jail for taking part in an ADAPT demonstration.He was arrested 22 times as a political activist. Socialist Party USA
<mask> had been a member of the Socialist party since 1959. He attempted to run for mayor of Chicago in 1975 via a write-in campaign after failing gain enough signatures to be placed on the ballot. 1976 Vice Presidential campaign
<mask> was Frank P. Zeidler's vice presidential running mate in 1976 for the Socialist Party USA. The Miami Herald reported that <mask> traveled via Amtrak across the country speaking to small groups of socialists. On the trail, he was described as speaking with "an unpretentious charm which combines a down-home practicality and a simple humor." Only on a handful of state ballots because of the difficulty and expense of the process, Zeidler/Brisben received 6,038 votes.That election was the first time the Socialist Party had run a presidential candidate since the 1956. 1992 Presidential campaign
<mask> and his running mate Bill Edwards were nominated at the 1991 Socialist Party USA

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 convention. However, Edwards died  during the campaign and writer Barbara Garson was selected to replace him on the ballot. In March 1992, <mask> participated in a presidential debate with other minor party and independent presidential candidates, which was aired on C-SPAN. The <mask> ticket appeared on the ballots of Tennessee, Utah, Wisconsin, and the District of Columbia; ultimately, they received 3,071 votes. Works
<mask> published three poetry collections, and a novel, V for Victory Blues. He also contributed interviews to four books written by Studs Terkel, and to the 2003 anthology Queer Crips he contributed a story entitled "A Wedding Celebration" about the gay couple Erik von Schmetterling and <mask> who were his fellow activists with ADAPT.He also wrote many articles for the Monthly Review and other journals. Interviews
The writer Studs Terkel, a friend, interviewed <mask> in four of his books:
 The Great Divide: Second Thoughts on the American Dream (1988)
 Race: What Blacks and Whites Think and Feel About the American Obsession (1992). Will the Circle Be Unbroken: Reflections on Death, Rebirth and Hunger for a Faith (2001)
 Hope Dies Last: Keeping the Faith in Difficult Times (2003)

Poetry collections

Novels and stories

Journal articles
<mask>, <mask>. (1997). "Surviving in Tough Country." Monthly Review. 49.59. 10.14452/MR-049-07-1997-11_9. <mask>, <mask>. (1999). "Mass Movements Need Mass History." Monthly Review. 50.55. 10.14452/MR-050-08-1999-01_8. <mask>, <mask>. (1998). "The Cicerone at Antietam." Michigan Quarterly Review. 37.236–237. <mask>, J<mask>. "Pillar of Fire: America in the King Years, 1963-65." Monthly Review, Jan. 1999, p. 55+. Gale Document Number: GALE|A53972893
 <mask>, J<mask>. "The Children." Monthly Review, Jan. 1999, p. 55+.Gale Document Number:

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 GALE|A53972894
 J<mask> <mask> (1965) A HISTORY OF RACISM, Equity & Excellence in Education, 3:1, 36–37, DOI: 10.1080/0020486650030108
 <mask>, J<mask>. "No Pity: People with Disabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement." Monthly Review, Nov. 1993, p. 61+. Gale Document Number: GALE|A14541332
 <mask>, J. <mask>. "Red Dirt: Growing Up Okie." Monthly Review, Dec. 1997, p. 59+. Gale Document Number: GALE|A20348067
 <mask>, J. <mask>."ADAPT sets a good example." Monthly Review, Feb. 1992, p. 35+. Gale Document Number: GALE|A11832060
 <mask>, J<mask>. "Witness Against the Beast: William Blake and the Moral Law." Monthly Review, Sept. 1994, p. 59+. Gale Document Number: GALE|A15823658
 <mask>, J<mask>. "A Wedding Celebration" Bent: A Journal of Crip/Gay Voices.Nov. 2001. Death
J<mask> <mask> died at his apartment in Chicago, Illinois on April 17, 2012. Andrea was born in 1932, and they were married in 1955, a union that lasted 56 years. They had a daughter named Becky and a son named Michael. Andrea founded Changing Woman Designs, a needlepoint pattern company, in 1991 which she ran until her death on August 5, 2016. References

1935 births
2012 deaths
20th-century American politicians
Activists for African-American civil rights
American Federation of Teachers people
American civil rights activists
American people with disabilities
Illinois socialists
Members of the Democratic Socialists of America
Oklahoma socialists
Poets from Oklahoma
Politicians from Enid, Oklahoma
Socialist Party USA presidential nominees
Socialist Party USA vice presidential nominees
Candidates in the 1992 United States presidential election
1976 United States vice-presidential candidates
University of Oklahoma alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Writers from Enid, Oklahoma
Enid High School alumni
Writers from

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<mask> () is an Indian former judge of the Hon'ble High Court of Judicature for Rajasthan. He was administered oath on 11 April 2016 by the then Chief Justice S.K. Mittal of the Rajasthan High Court. He worked at the Principal Bench of the High Court in Jodhpur as well as its Circuit Bench in Jaipur. He also served as the Chairperson of the Solid Waste Management Committee established by National Green Tribunal (NGT), New Delhi for Rajasthan and now presides over domestic as well as international commercial arbitrations, mainly in Rajasthan. Early life and education
Born on 28 July 1956 at Ajmer. His father <mask> is a (Retd.)Deputy Director of Education, Rajasthan and mother Late Smt. Saroj Kumari Maheshwari was (Retd.) Additional Director of Education, Rajasthan. As a student, he was always arduous in academics and was a keen debater throughout his education which made him win various awards. After attending Government College, Ajmer in 1975 where he pursued B.Sc. (Hons.) in Mathematics, he took admission to Law Faculty in the University of Rajasthan, Jaipur and obtained a first class degree in L.L.B in the year 1978.Career
<mask> joined Rajasthan Judicial Service (RJS) in the first attempt in 1980 at the young age of 24. Thereafter, he served at various places and positions in the districts of Jaipur, Dholpur, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Sirohi, Bharatpur, Dausa etc. He was promoted to Rajasthan Higher Judicial Service (RHJS) in the year 1999 and thereafter served at Bhilwara, Udaipur, Sikar, Jodhpur and Jaipur during which he also discharged duties in the Special Courts of SC/ST, Women Atrocities etc. and later, assumed the charge of District & Sessions Judge, Jaipur Metropolitan. He was assigned some prestigious positions like Registrar (Administration), Registrar (Vigilance), Registrar (Examination) and OSD (Finance & Infrastructure) in the Hon'ble High Court of Judicature for Rajasthan and he also served as Principal Secretary (Law & Legal Affairs Dept.) to the Government of Rajasthan along with

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 additional charges. 2014 Lawyers' strike
In 2014, when <mask> was District & Sessions Judge, Jaipur Metropolitan, he came to the rescue of entire lower judiciary in the state by protecting his subordinate Additional District and Sessions Judge Mahendra Singh Chaudhary on 7 July 2014 who felt offended by a group of lawyers attempting to pressurize him to recall a judicial order passed against an advocate Bharat

Bhushan Pareek evicting him from a tenanted premises of an old couple.By taking a bold step, Judge Chaudhary brought it on record and called it contemptuous. The order was supported by <mask> despite protest and threats from the Bar. It triggered a complete strike on 9 July 2014 by around one lakh lawyers in 800 courts across the state demanding transfer of both the judges by calling their actions anti-lawyer activities. Some serious allegations of corruption were also leveled against both the judges. Nonetheless, <mask>, being the senior most officer of the district judiciary, boldly led from the front against unethical elements of the Bar who brought disrepute to the institution. On 14 July, the then Rajasthan High Court Judge Bela M. Trivedi took suo moto cognizance of the strike and issued a contempt notice to the group of lawyers for making a mountain out of a molehill to go on strike. That made the lawyers include Bela M. Trivedi's transfer too the main demand to end the strike.Subsequently, Supreme Court Bench of Justices Sudhanshu Jyoti Mukhopadhyaya and S.A. Bobde had to intervene in the matter on 4 August which told Jaipur lawyer Bharat Bhushan Pareek, an appellant in an eviction decree against him for a flat and a basement in a prime Jaipur locality: "First end the strike and then come to us on August 8." A Bench of Justices Dipak Misra and Vikramajit Sen also issued notices to the Bar Council of India, the State Bar Council of Rajasthan, and the Jaipur High Court Bar Association to appear before the Supreme Court on 9 September 2014 to explain the ongoing strike.

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 Simultaneously, clash erupted between two groups of advocates in Rajasthan when one group decided to call off the ongoing strike and resume work in courts while the other group pressed upon boycotting the work till the time both the judges Chaudhary and Maheshwari in Jaipur were transferred. Finally, the strike was called off by the Advocate General N. M. Lodha on 14 September after 68 days of absence from work. While none of the judges was transferred as demanded, the worst blow of the strike was suffered by the litigants and undertrial prisoners who had to present their cases themselves in courts since the advocates did not appear. <mask>'s solidarity with the lower judiciary in securing its independence was appreciated in this whole incidence and he was admired for keeping up the rule of law laid down by the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India that strike by advocates is illegal. Representations and other positions held
 Conference on 'Gender Justice' organized by the British Council in 2000
 Represented Government of Rajasthan in 2015 for the course on "Legislative Drafting" organized by the University College of London in association with the British High Commission in London, United Kingdom
 Member representative for the Government of Rajasthan at the National Seminar on "Narcotic Drugs Challenges and Solutions" organized by National Legal Services Authority and State Legal Services Authority, Himachal Pradesh in 2015
 Was Ex-officio Member, Governing Council, National Law University, Jodhpur

Personal life
Apart from law, he has profound interest in spiritualism and is a passionate nature lover.His father Shri K. N<mask> runs a charitable trust to educate the poor children living in the streets in which his wife is also a trustee. Daughter Purva is married and son Naman is an advocate practicing in the Supreme Court of India. References

External links
 Official website

20th-century Indian judges
Living people
Government College Umuahia alumni
University of Rajasthan alumni
People from

masks:
Justice Maheshwari
. Maheshwari


texts: <mask> of Halych  (; ; 1208 – 1241) was the rulerfrom 1214 prince, and from 1215 or 1216 to 1221 kingof Halych, and duke of Slavonia from 1226 to his death. He was the second son of Andrew II of Hungary and Gertrude of Merania. His father and Leszek the White, Duke of Poland, concluded an agreement about the marriage of Coloman and Leszek's daughter, Salomea, and the division of Halych, allotting its western regions to Leszek, the remaining lands to Coloman. The Hungarian and Polish armies occupied the principality in late 1214. Andrew II appointed a Hungarian nobleman, Benedict the Bald, to administer it on Coloman's behalf. Coloman was crowned the first king of Halych with the pope's authorization in early 1216. After the Hungarian troops occupied the western Galician territories, Leszek made an alliance with Mstislav Mstislavich, Prince of Novgorod.Mstislav invaded Halych, forcing Coloman and his supporters to flee to Hungary, most probably in early 1219. Mstislav supported his son-in-law, Daniel Romanovichwho had claimed Halych since 1205to invade Polish territories, which brought about a reconciliation between Andrew II and Leszek. The Hungarians and Poles again occupied Halych and restored it to Coloman in the autumn of 1219. Mstislav and his Cuman allies defeated the Hungarians near Halych and captured Coloman and Salomea in August 1221. To secure their release, Andrew II renounced Halych and arranged a marriage alliance between his youngest son, Andrew, and Mstislav's daughter. Coloman returned to Hungary in late 1221 or 1222. He settled in Szepes (now Spiš in Slovakia) where he had held large estates since the late 1210s.Andrew II made him duke of Slavonia, with jurisdiction also in Croatia and Dalmatia, in 1226. He cooperated with his eldest brother, Béla, in revising their father's donations already during Andrew II's


texts:
 lifetime. Early life

Coloman was the second son of Andrew II of Hungary and his first wife, Gertrude of Merania. Andrew's father (Coloman's grandfather), Béla III of Hungary, was the first king of Hungary to conquer the Principality of Halych in 1188. Béla granted Halych to the teenager Andrew, but Andrew was unpopular, especially because his troops did not respect the Galicians' Orthodox faith. The Galicians expelled him in 1189 or 1190, but he did not abandon his claim to Halych. After Roman Mstislavich, who had united the principalities of Volhynia and Halych under his rule, died fighting against the Poles in 1205, Andrew launched a military campaign against Halych in almost each year.He adopted the title of "King of Galicia and Lodomeria" in token of his claim to both principalities. Initially, he supported Roman Mstislavich's minor sons, Daniel and Vasilko Romanovich, against Vladimir Igorevich and his brothers, who also claimed Halych. <mask> was born in 1208. According to historians Márta Font and Gábor Barabás, he was named most probably for <mask> of Stockerau, an Irish pilgrim who had been martyred in Austria in 1012. <mask>'s mother showed blatant favoritism towards her German kinsmen and courtiers, which outraged the native lords. She was murdered by a group of Hungarian noblemen in September 1213, shortly after her husband departed for a new military campaign against Halych. Andrew returned to Hungary, but only after appointing a Galician boyar (or nobleman), Vladislav Kormilichich, to lead the Hungarian army to Halych.Kormilichich took control of the principality on Andrew's behalf. Leszek the White, Duke of Poland, granted asylum to Daniel and Vasilko Romanovich and made an alliance with princes Alexandr Vsevolodovich of Vladimir and Mstislav Yaroslavich of Peresopnytsia. They invaded Halych and routed

masks: Coloman Coloman Coloman


texts:
 Kormilichich, but they could not capture the capital of the principality. In a letter to Pope Innocent III, Andrew stated that Galician boyars had proposed him to grant Halych to Coloman. According to the Galician–Volhynian Chronicle, Leszek the White was the first to suggest the same idea, also proposing his daughter, Salomea, to Coloman. Andrew and Leszek had a meeting in Szepes in the autumn of 1214. They reached a compromise, which included the marriage of Coloman and Salomea and the cession of two western Galician towns, Przemyśl and Lubaczów, to Leszek.The Hungarian and Polish armies invaded the principality and put an end to Vladislav Kormilichich's rule before the end of the year. Halych

<mask> was installed in Halych soon after the fall of Kormilichich. Since Coloman was a minor, Benedict the Bald was appointed to administer the principality. Another Hungarian nobleman, Demetrius Aba, was made the master of the stewards in Coloman's court before 1216. Kormilichich's former ally, Sudislav, was one of the leading Galician boyars who supported Coloman. Andrew sent a letter to Pope Innocent, requesting him to authorize John, Archbishop of Esztergom to anoint Coloman as king. In his next letter, Andrew thanked the pope for giving consent to Coloman's coronation, but also informed him that a riot had broken out against Coloman and the rebels laid siege to Halych.Andrew urged Innocent to send a legate and a golden crown to Coloman to strengthen the legitimacy of his rule. Pope Honorius III mentioned in a letter in 1222 that the Archbishop of Esztergom had crowned Coloman "with the blessing of the Holy See", but the circumstances of the ceremony are unknown. Historians Font, Barabás and Karol Hollý inferred from the correspondence that Coloman was most probably crowned twice: first (in late 1214 or early 1215) with a


texts: provisional crown in Hungary, later (probably in early 1216) with the crown sent by the pope. Other historiansincluding Tibor Almási, Nataša Procházková and Đura Hardiconclude that <mask> was first anointed, and he was only once crowned, in early 1216. The relationship between Andrew and Leszek the White had meanwhile become tense. Leszek granted Vladimir-in-Vohynia, which was the most prestigious princely seat in Volhynia, to Daniel and Vasilko Romanovich. He also failed to support Coloman during the siege of Halych.The Hungarian army invaded western Galicia and captured Przemyśl and Lubaczów in late 1215 or early 1216. Leszek approached Mstislav Mstislavich, Prince of Novgorod, seeking his assistance against the Hungarians. The reconstruction of the ensuing events is difficult, because their dating is uncertain. Mstislav invaded Halych between 1215 and 1219most probably in early 1219, according to Font and Barabásand forced <mask>, Benedict the Bald and Sudislav to flee to Hungary. Mstislav gave his daughter, Anna, in marriage to Daniel Romanovich who soon occupied the lands between the rivers Wieprz and Bug from Leszek. Outraged by Daniel's attack, Leszek made a new alliance with Andrew II. Their united forces defeated Mstislav's army in three battles in October 1219.Mstislav and Daniel were forced to abandon Halych and Coloman returned to the principality. Andrew most probably made Sudislav's son-in-law, Philnius, the commander of the Hungarian army in Halych around this time, according to Font and Barabás. Mstislav hired Cumans and again invaded Halych in late 1220 or early 1221, but could not capture the capital. Mstislav's fiasco encouraged Philnius to join Leszek's campaign against Volhynia, leaving Coloman and Salomea in the newly fortified Church of the Virgin Mary in Halych. Taking advantage of the absence of the bulk

masks: Coloman Coloman


texts:
 of the Hungarian army, Mstislav and the Cumans laid siege Halych in August 1221. Philnius hurried back from his campaign, but Mstislav defeated his army and he could only flee with the help of a Galician boyar, Zhiroslav on 14 August. <mask>'s retainers tried to resist in the fortified church, but the lack of water forced them to surrender.The Polish chronicler, Jan Długosz, wrote that <mask> and Salomea were imprisoned in the fortress of Torchesk. Internal strifes in Hungary prevented Coloman's father from launching a military expedition against Mstislav. Andrew entered into negotiations with Mstislav and they reached a compromise in late 1221 or early 1222. According to the agreement, Coloman was to renounce the title of King of Halych, but Mstislav agreed to give his daughter, Maria, in marriage to Coloman's younger brother, Andrew, to whom Coloman's royal title would be transferred. Kingdom of Hungary

Szepes

After his release in late 1221 or early 1222, Coloman returned to Hungary. His father soon approached Pope Honorius III, asking him to invalidate his agreement with Mstislav. The pope only cancelled the provision about the transfer of Coloman's royal title to his younger brother, because the pope preserved the right to decide about coronations.Coloman styled himself "King of Galicia" till the end of his life, although he never returned to Halych. He and his wife settled in Szepes, near the Hungarian-Galician border. Font and Barabás say that Coloman had received estates in the region already in the late 1210s. A late source (a 1279 letter of Elizabeth the Cuman) mentioned that Coloman had held Szepes till the end of his life. <mask>'s activities in Szepes are poorly documented. He granted privileges to the "guest settlers" in Szepesolaszi (now Spišské Vlachy in Slovakia). He made donations to the Cistercian monastery


texts:
 which was established in the 1220s in Szepes.Coloman also supported the establishment of the Premonstratensian provostry at Jászó (now Jasov in Slovakia). According to a scholarly theory, the tower of the Szepes Castle was built on Coloman's order. Slavonia

Andrew II entrusted Coloman with the government of Slavonia, Croatia and Dalmatia in 1226. The three provinces had been administered by Coloman's elder brother, Béla, who was appointed to administer Translyvania. Coloman's jurisdiction also included counties located in Hungary proper, such as Baranya, Pozsega, Somogy, Valkó, Varasd and Zala. In the summer of 1226, <mask> visited Dalmatia where he was ceremoniously received in the towns. He made donations to the Bishopric of Trogir and confirmed his mother's grant to the Hájszentlőrinc Chapter.His following extant diplomas were issued in 1229. Estates located in Szepes were the subjects of both diplomas, implying that Coloman had mostly stayed in Szepes from 1226 to 1229, according to Font and Barabás. Coloman supported Béla's attempts to revise their father's grants already during Andrew II's lifetime. The two brothers jointly confirmed a grant made by a previous ban of Croatia in 1231. Coloman ignored the privileges of the Knights Templar and wanted to collect taxes on their estates. The pope appointed Bartholomew le Gros, the bishop of Pécs, to arbitrate in the dispute together with the abbot of Pécsvárad Abbey and the provost of Pécs Chapter, but also forbade them to excommunicate Coloman without his special authorization. The three prelates persuaded Coloman to confirm the knights' privileges on 31 July 1231, but a full reconciliation was reached only after lengthy negotiations in 1239.<mask> granted liberties to the German, Saxon, Hungarian and Slavic "guest settlers" of Vukovar in 1239. He also confirmed the right of


texts:
 the "guest settlers" of Varaždin to elect their judges and put their obligations in writing. <mask> initiated the merger of the Archbishopric of Split and the Bishopric of Zagreb, but Pope Gregory IX reminded him in 1240, that the two dioceses could not be united without the consent of the archbishop of Kalocsa and the chapters of their sees. In 1231, <mask> granted privileges to Vukovar (). <mask>, similarly to his brother, opposed his father's third marriage with Beatrice d'Este and following the death of King Andrew II (21 September 1235) they accused their young stepmother of adultery. Pope Gregory IX persuaded him to pursue the heretics in his provinces and in the adjacent territories; therefore he invaded and occupied Bosnia and Zachlumia but he could not wind up Bogomilism. He supported the establishment of the Diocese of Bosnia and he granted Đakovo () to its bishop.When he was informed that the Mongols invaded the kingdom, he joined his brother's troops. However, their troops were defeated at the Battle of Mohi (11 April 1241). <mask> suffered serious wounds and died of his injuries a few weeks after the battle. Titles

<mask> was styled "by the Grace of God, king of the Ruthenians, and by his glorious father's generosity, duke of Dalmatia and Croatia" in his first extant charter in 1226. Göncöl, Archbishop of Split, referred to <mask> as "king and duke of Slavonia" in 1229. The first document mentioning <mask>'s rule in "whole Slavonia" was issued by the Zagreb Chapter in 1230. He was consequently styled as "king, and duke of whole Slavonia" from the late 1230s.Ancestry

Notes

References

Sources

External links

1208 births
1241 deaths
House of Árpád
Kings of Rus'
Dukes of Slavonia
13th-century Hungarian people
13th century in Ukraine
13th century in Kievan Rus'
Hungarian princes
Hungarian military personnel killed in

masks: Coloman Coloman Coloman Coloman Coloman Coloman Coloman


texts:
<mask>rbonne (, died ) was a Christian deacon who was martyred in Narbonne in what is now France in the 3rd century. He is venerated by the Catholic Church as a saint. His relics are said to have effected various miracles. They were found in a church in Narbonne and taken to Bèze Abbey in 883. They were held for safe keeping during the Norman invasions in the cathedral of Saint-Étienne de Dijon, then returned to the abbey. Later they were restored to Narbonne, and are held in an elaborate reliquary in Narbonne Cathedral. Life

<mask> was a deacon who was martyred in Narbonne in the 3rd century.He came from a noble family of Narbonne and was raised as a Christian. He studied literature with great success, and was made a deacon. He may have been a victim of the persecution of Valerian in 257. A 19th-century biographer writes that he shone in the assembly of the faithful like the sun at noon by the brilliancy of his teaching and the sanctity of his life, which was shown by many miracles. This caused some people to hate him. They loaded him with chains, cruelly tortured him and broke his skull with a mason's hammer on 7 September 257. It is not recorded whether his murderers were barbarians or Roman soldiers.Relics

H.M. Duplus in his Vie des Saints du diocèse de Dijon (1866) relates that the Christians buried <mask> in a sepulcher, but his enemies pulled the body out and exposed it to be devoured by the birds of prey and scavenging animals. However, God removed the animals and the Christians reburied the saint secretly. Later they put the holy relics in a tomb and raised a small church

masks:
Prudent de Na
Prudentius
Prudentius


texts: above it. This church was burned by the Saracens in the 8th century and its revenues given by Charles Martel (c. 686–741) to one of his soldiers. On 6 October 883 Geilon, bishop of Langres, gave Bèze Abbey the relics of Saint Prudent, which he had brought back after his pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela in northwestern Spain. Geilon was bishop of Langres from 880 to 887. He stole the body during the extraordinary conditions in Aquitaine at the time.He had found it in a church in Narbonne, where the saint was little respected. Geilon also brought back an arm of the apostle Saint James and many other sacred relics, some of which he deposited in his cathedral and some at Bèze. When marauding Normans approached in 887 the monks of Bèze transported the body of Saint Prudent to the cathedral of Saint-Étienne de Dijon. The Chronicle of Bèze, edited by a monk named Jean in the 12th century, describes the flight of the monks from the Normans with Saint Prudent's relics to the cathedral in the fortified town of Dijon. The chronicle records that other relics were also deposited in Dijon for several years, including those of Saint Medardus of Soissons and Saint Silvin. After peace was restored the body of Saint Prudent, now accompanied by those of Saint Silvin and Anglia, his intimate, was returned to Bèze on 23 September 921 by Bishop Guarnerius. The Acts of St.Prudent, written by the monk Thibaud in the 12th century, gives a more elaborate story. Under the protection of Richard, Duke of Burgundy, the bodies of several saints were found in Dijon, including that of Prudent, which remained


texts:
 there for thirty years. The monks rebuilt the ruins of the abbey and asked for the saint's body from Dijon. The canons of Dijon at first refused, then at the command of Bishop Gauthier (Guarnerius) of Langres pretended to comply, but in fact gave the monks the body of Saint Silvin. The canons wanted to keep the body of Prudent due to its ability to perform miracles, whereas the relics of Saint Silvin were much less effective. A few days later Prudent himself appeared to the bishop and made a long speech in which he denounced the hoax. The ruse was discovered, and the body of Saint Prudent was carried with great ceremony from Dijon to Bèze in 931.Saint <mask> <mask>rbonne's worship was important to Bèze in the 10th, 11th and 12th centuries. On 8 June 1116 the body of Saint Prudent was taken to the great debate between Lux and Til-Châtel arranged by Jocerand(fr), Bishop of Langres under the presidency of Guy of Burgundy, Archbishop of Vienne, who was later pope under the name of Callixtus II, to put an end to the quarrels, lawsuits and other evils from which the province was suffering. Prudent's body was placed under a temple of greenery with several other saints, and performed great miracles. In 1675 parcels of the relics of Saint Prudent were given to the church of Châtillon-sur-Seine. In 1686 they were given to the city of Narbonne. Reliquary

The relics of the saint are held today in Narbonne Cathedral. The reliquary is an octagonal case made of engraved crystal, embossed silver, painted ivory and many garnets and intaglios, mostly antique.This type of case was given to a bride as

masks:
Prudent
de Na


texts:
 a place to keep her jewelry. The base rests on ten crystal balls. The angles are in the form of small columns. There is a small drawer in the upper level. The engravings on the crystal plates on the sides and on the lid are finely executed and depict sea scenes, the four seasons, Faith, Justice and a landscape. Mansart <mask>, an inspector of the Monuments historiques, states that the box is of Italian origin and belonged to <mask>' Medici. This seems to be incorrect.It would have originally belonged to a member of the family of Noël-François-Marie d'<mask> <mask>, grand archdeacon of the cathedral during the time of Bishop Arthur Richard Dillon. It would have then been bequeathed to the Église Saint-Sébastien in Narbonne, and the archdeacon would have deposited the relics of Saint Prudent in the box. During the French Revolution the reliquary was taken by the archdeacon to the Ricardelle family estate, where it remained hidden with the other relics of the cathedral until the restoral of the church. It was then taken back to Narbonne Cathedral by the sister of the archdeacon, who had died. Memories

The saint's day is 6 October. The monk Teobaudus (died 1130) wrote the Miracula Sancti Prudentii, which described the miraculous cures that had been effected by the relics of Saint Prudent. <mask> <mask> is mentioned in the prayer to Notre-Dame du Pont de Narbonne,  diocese of Carcassonne.There is a stone statue of <mask> in Malange, near Dole, Jura, from the 15th century. Notes

Sources

257 deaths
People from Aude
Ancient Christianity
Ante-Nicene Christian martyrs
Ante-Nicene Christian

masks:
de Sagonne
Marie de
Auderic
de Lastours
Prudent
de Narbonne
Prudent


texts:
<mask> (October 23, 1924 – August 16, 2018) was a Japanese American writer. Her plays are considered pioneering works in Asian-American theater. Biography
<mask> (née Nakamura) was born in Westmorland, California. Her mother and father, both Issei, or first-generation Japanese immigrants, were farmers in California's Imperial Valley. Many of her stories and her two plays, And the Soul Shall Dance and The Music Lessons, are set in the same dusty, isolated settings". Her plays and stories examine the hardships that Japanese Americans faced in California's agricultural communities and in the internment camps during the second World War. In 1942, at seventeen, <mask> and her family were interned at the Poston, Arizona camp; the title of her play 12-1-A refers to the family's address in the War Relocation Authority camp.While there, she worked on the camp newspaper, the Poston Chronicle, alongside fellow writer Hisaye Yamamoto (with whom Yamauchi would maintain a lifelong friendship). After a year and a half in Poston, Yamauchi resettled outside camp, first in Utah and then in Chicago, where she began to take in interest in theater. In 1948, she married <mask>, with whom she had one child before the couple divorced. She returned to the Los Angeles area, where she studied painting at Otis Art Institute (now called Otis College of Art and Design) and continued to write. Her first published story, And the Soul Shall Dance, appeared in Aiiieeeee! An Anthology of Asian-American

masks:
Wakako Yamauchi
Yamauchi
Yamauchi
Chester Yamauchi


texts:
 Writers. Encouraged by East West Players director Mako, she soon after adapted the story into a play.The stage version of And the Soul Shall Dance was first performed at the East West Players in Los Angeles in 1974, and won the 1977 Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award for best new play. It was later produced for public television. Rosebud and Other Stories, a collection of stories she wrote in her seventies and eighties, was edited by Lillian Howan and published by University of Hawai'i Press in 2010. A collection of her plays and stories was published in 1994 under the title Songs My Mother Taught Me: Stories, Plays and Memoir. In 2018, <mask> died in Gardena, California at the age of 93. Works
Some of <mask>'s best-known short stories depict the tensions between the aspirations of Issei women and the patriarchal norms of Issei culture. The stories And the Soul Shall Dance and Songs My Mother Taught Me both depict Issei women struggling to fulfill ambitions that contradict traditional gender roles.And the Soul Shall Dance represents one of the most straightforward depictions of an Issei woman's rebellion. By depicting the complex relationships among the female characters, Yamauchi portrays Issei women's resistance and containment. See also

List of Asian American writers
Japanese American internment

References

Scholarly studies
The following articles are listed in the MLA database and are arranged from most recent to oldest:

"A Dying Reed by the Riverbed," in The

masks: Yamauchi Yamauchi


texts:
 Impossible Land:Story and Place in California's Imperial Valley (University of New Mexico press, 2008): pp. 105–128. "<mask> Yamauchi"  By: Jew, Kimberly M.. pp. 343–47 IN: Madsen, Deborah L. (ed. and introd.); Asian American Writers. Detroit, MI: Gale; 2005. "'A Few Footprints of Our Sojourn Here': A Conversation with <mask> <mask>" By: Clem, Billy. pp. 313–29 IN: Alonso Gallo, Laura P. (ed. and introd. ); Voces de América/American Voices: Entrevistas a escritores americanos/Interviews with American Writers.Cádiz, Spain: Aduana Vieja; 2004. Luce Irigaray's Choreography with Sex and Race  By: Mori, Kaori; Dissertation Abstracts International, Section A: The Humanities and Social Sciences, 2002 July; 63 (1): 189. State U of New York, Buffalo, 2002. (examines And the Soul Shall Dance)
"And the Soul Shall Dance by <mask> Yamauchi" By: Sumida, Stephen H.. pp. 221–32 IN: Wong, Sau-ling Cynthia (ed. and introd. ); Sumida, Stephen H. (ed.and introd. ); A Resource Guide to Asian American Literature. New York, NY: Modern Language Association of America; 2001. "Jungian and Mythological Patterns in <mask> <mask>'s And the Soul Shall Dance"  By: Osumi, M. Dick; Amerasia Journal, 2001; 27 (1): 87-96. "'Nostalgia' or 'Newness': Nihon Buyo in the United States"  By: Sellers-Young, Barbara; Women & Performance: A Journal of Feminist Theory, 2001; 12 (1 [23]): 135-49. "The Politics of Re-Narrating History as Gendered War: Asian American Women's Theater"  By: Hara, Eriko; Journal of American

masks: Wakako Wakako Yamauchi Wakako Wakako Yamauchi


texts:
 and Canadian Studies, 2000; 18: 37-49. "Hisaye Yamamoto and <mask> Yamauchi" By: Cheung, King-Kok.pp. 343–82 IN: Cheung, King-Kok (ed. and introd. ); Words Matter: Conversations with Asian American Writers. Honolulu, HI: U of Hawaii P, with UCLA Asian American Studies Center; 2000. "A MELUS Interview: <mask> Yamauchi"  By: Osborn, William P.; MELUS, 1998 Summer; 23 (2): 101-10. online
The Politics of Life: Four Plays by Asian American Women  By: Houston, Velina Hasu (ed.). Philadelphia: Temple UP; 1993.(contains <mask>'s plays The Chairman's Wife and 12-1-A)
"Rebels and Heroines: Subversive Narratives in the Stories of <mask> <mask> and Hisaye Yamamoto"  By: Yogi, Stan. pp. 131–50 IN: Lim, Shirley Geok-lin (ed. & introd. ); Ling, Amy (ed. & introd. ); Kim, Elaine H.(fwd. ); Reading the Literatures of Asian America. Philadelphia: Temple UP; 1992. "Relocation and Dislocation: The Writings of Hisaye Yamamoto and <mask> <mask>"  By: McDonald, Dorothy Ritsuko; MELUS, 1980 Fall; 7 (3): 21-38. External links

UCLA Bio
And the Soul Shall Dance review from New York Times

1924 births
2018 deaths
American dramatists and playwrights of Japanese descent
American women short story writers
American writers of Japanese descent
Japanese-American internees
People from Imperial County, California
American women dramatists and playwrights
American short story writers of Asian descent
Writers from California
Otis College of Art and Design alumni
20th-century American women
21st-century

masks: Wakako Wakako Yamauchi Wakako Yamauchi Wakako Yamauchi


texts:
<mask>we (also known as <mask> and sometimes incorrectly referred to as "Dorothea") was the first woman hanged under the Union of South Africa. In 1921 she was convicted of the murder of Louis Tumpowski. He had been murdered on her farm, Treurfontein ("Sorrow fountain"), in Lichtenburg, Transvaal in 1918. Treurfontein farm
The present-day town of Coligny is situated on Treurfontein farm. It has been the site of tragic events both before and after the murder of Louis Tumpowski. In 1914 General Louis Botha announced his intention to invade South West Africa, then referred to locally as German West Africa, as part of the assistance of Great Britain during the First World War. Koos de la Rey was amongst those opposed to it and travelled to a meeting in Potchefstroom, via a gathering at the farm, where he was to meet senior military officials.He was shot and killed at a police road-block near the farm. Official accounts of the incident vary, with some stating that de la Rey did not stop at the road-block, while others state that his vehicle was mistaken for one belonging to the Foster gang. The day after the funeral a meeting was held at the farm and tensions ran high as it was suspected that de la Rey had been killed deliberately. The farm belonged to <mask> <mask> Merwe who was then using the name <mask> Kraft. Records of her early life are not readily available but it is believed that she had either been divorced or widowed and was trying to eke out an existence on the farm with the help of her daughter, Polly and the black labourers. Several seasons of severe drought coupled with poor soil quality had resulted in her efforts being reduced to subsistence farming, which was further exacerbated by the common practice amongst the farm workers of being recalcitrant and not accepting instructions from women. Victim
Louis Tumpowski was a Jewish immigrant from the United States of

masks:
Dorethea van der Mer
Dorethea Kraft
Dorethea
van der
Dorethea


texts:
 America who arrived in South Africa in 1887 at the age of twenty-five.He made his way to Johannesburg, which was a small but rapidly expanding mining town at that time, with the intention of selling general provisions to the gold mine workers and prospectors. Even as his business prospered he would still personally visit farms and smallholdings in the area to obtain fresh supplies and this was how the 54 year old Tumpowski met <mask> Kraft. Contract
Although Kraft had little to sell to Tumpowski, she engaged him in conversation and she asked him to find a manager to run the farm for her. He returned with the proposal that he would rent the farm for £25 a year while Kraft and her daughter could remain on the farm. She was very pleased with this idea and on 21 May 1914 she signed the lease-agreement that Tumpowski's lawyers had written, without reading the fine-print. As an added bonus for him, Tumpowski not only managed the farm but also "kept Dorethea's bed warm at night." The situation at the farm did not improve and Kraft decided that it would be better for her, and for her daughter, to sell the farm as the land prices had increased dramatically.She would be able to make a large enough profit for them to live on. Furthermore, Tumpowski did not seem inclined to marry her. However, on learning of Kraft's plan, Tumpowski showed her the contract she had signed that would allow him to buy the land at less than half of its value at that time. Kraft was angry that she had been cheated and more so at herself for not reading the fine-print. She decided to use "her feminine wiles" to convince Tumpowski to marry her and would then nullify the contract in their pre-nuptial agreement. Tumpowski saw no reason to marry her and refused. Witchdoctor
Kraft decided that she needed the assistance of a local witchdoctor, a coloured man named Jim Bird (sometimes referred to as 'Jim Burds' or


texts:
 'Whiskers') who lived on a neighbouring farm.She got a love potion from him but Tumpowski proved to be immune to it. The only effect it had was to cause cramps and an upset stomach. Tumpowski accused Kraft of trying to kill him and from then on refused to eat or drink anything she had made. A second attempt at a magical potion was made by Jim Bird, which involved a lock of Tumpowski's hair mixed with the magic potion, placed in a matchbox and buried under his door. This potion was supposed to kill Tumpowski but it had no effect. Accomplices
In 1918, Hermanus Lambertus Swartz, an army deserter came to Treurfontein looking for work and Kraft saw this as an opportunity. Swartz soon became Polly's suitor but also slept with Kraft on occasion.Swartz saw the opportunity to become the owner of Treurfontein if he married Polly and got rid of Tumpowski. He suggested to Kraft that she stop trying to use magic potions and just kill Tumpowski. He also suggested that Jim Bird would commit the murder. Bird agreed, for the price of £100. Murder
On the evening of 2 February 1918 a heavy thunderstorm broke over the farm. Kraft, Swartz, Bird and three labourers gathered in the farmhouse kitchen while Polly remained in her bedroom. Swartz opened Tumpowski's bedroom door and shoved Bird into the room.Bird attacked the man with a knopkierie and tried to leave but Swartz wasn't convinced that Tumpowski was dead and kept sending him back to finish the job. Eventually, Kraft held Tumpowski's hands while Swartz strangled him with a leather thong and then cut his throat. Kraft asked bird to use his magic to hide Tumpowski's blood and offered to pay him an additional £100 but Bird fled the scene. Kraft, Swartz and the labourers buried Tumpowski's body outside near a rubbish dump. While they were digging the grave a knocking was heard at the front door of the house. It was a couple with a sick child


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 that had come to the farmhouse seeking help. No one answered the door and the lights in the house were turned off.Eventually the couple left but they had heard the sounds of the digging. By the next day the storm had washed all traces of the murder away. Aftermath
Polly left the next day for Johannesburg and Kraft complained to the neighbours that Tumpowski had abandoned the farm. Kraft went to stay with one of the neighbours for a while under the pretence that she was afraid to live alone at the farm. A potential buyer for the farm appeared but Kraft couldn't negotiate a deal with him as he knew that Tumpowski had first right to purchase the property and he wanted to negotiate with Tumpowski. Another neighbour, Michael Denyusschen, did not accept Kraft's story and eventually informed the local police of his suspicions. Denyusschen's cousin, Johanna wrote to Tumpowski's sister, Mrs Hetty Saltman, in Rhodesia telling her of Tumpowski's disappearance.The person who wanted to purchase the farm also got in contact with Mrs Saltman and in light of this and the letter from Johanna, Mrs Saltman sent her husband Mr Joseph Louis Saltman to the farm to investigate and contacted the police, who then visited Treurfontein. Kraft claimed that Trumpowski had left without paying the annual rent of £25 and went so far as to try to claim it from Mrs Saltman. Kraft claimed that Trumpowski had absconded most probably to avoid other debts he had incurred. However, Saltman knew that Trumpowski was not in any kind of financial distress. Investigation
The police became aware of the option clause in the rental agreement between Kraft and Tumpowski but without a body they would not pursue the matter. It took until 20 July 1920 before the police decided to conduct a full-scale search of the farm and to dig up the garden, drain the well, demolish walls and lift floorboards. The on-site investigation


texts:
 lasted six weeks and the manual labour was performed by a small band of convicts.They found nothing and in desperation the police offered a reward of £100 for any information. The police investigation led to John Bird and on 20 August 1920 they interviewed him. It appears that his fear of the police was greater than his faith in his witchcraft as he quickly capitulated under police questioning and admitted his part in the murder. He identified the other parties involved but could not tell the police what had happened to the body as he had fled the scene earlier. Bird was forced to join the convicts in the search for the body. A torrential rainstorm caused the ground to subside at the burial site and on 22 September 1920 the body was located, by Bird, near the rubbish dump. Although badly decomposed, a signet ring was used to identify the body as that of Tumpowski.His boots were also identified by a local cobbler. <mask> Kraft (who had in the interim married a man named <mask> Merwe), Swartz and the three labourers were arrested for murder. Trial
The trial was held at Potchefstroom on 13 June 1921. As this was the first trial of a white women for murder the public galleries at the trial were very well attended. During the trial it was revealed that the cause of death was the fractured skull Tumpowski had suffered at the hands of Bird. Bird became a Crown witness in exchange for leniency. He claimed that Kraft had rewarded him with money and sexual favours for his participation in the murder.She did not deny this. Kraft and Swartz were both sentenced to death, while the three labourers were acquitted. They were both hanged at Pretoria Central Prison in 1921. See also
Capital punishment in South Africa
Daisy de Melker - South Africa's first female serial killer

References

South African criminals
Female criminals
South African female murderers
Executed South African

masks:
Dorethea
van der


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<mask> (; born 20 April 1983) is a Swedish DJ and record producer. He is also a member of the Swedish House Mafia, together with friends Axwell and Steve Angello. Career

1999–2007: Career Beginnings
<mask> entered the music industry in 1999 releasing his first remix through Mega Records. Since then, he continued to release many remixes and singles. In 2003 <mask> founded his own record label – Refune Music. In later years <mask> found himself collaborating mostly with fellow Swedish DJs Axwell, Steve Angello, and Eric Prydz – these four to be dubbed the Swedish House Mafia. 2008–2013: Swedish House Mafia and solo breakthrough

2008–2010: Until One, Collaborations, and DJ Mag entry
In late 2008, <mask>, Steve Angello, and Axwell formed the Swedish House Mafia with Eric Prydz not joining, saying he is a control freak and cannot abide with collaborations even with close friends.Around this time Swedish House Mafia released two songs, "Get Dumb" and "Leave the World Behind", however these weren't credited under the group name. <mask> himself collaborated with David Guetta on the songs "Everytime We Touch" and "How Soon is Now" for Guetta's albums Pop Life and One Love respectively. In 2009 <mask> made his debut on the DJ Mag top 100 DJs, charting at number 25, the highest new entry that year. In 2010, he released his debut album with Swedish House Mafia named Until One. This followed the release of two success single "One (Your Name)" (featuring Pharrell Williams) and "Miami 2 Ibiza" (featuring Tinie Tempah). The album also contained solo work by <mask> such as the songs "Kidos" and "Meich", plus his remix of "Silvia" by Miike Snow. In addition,

masks:
Sebastian Carmine Ingrosso
Sebastian Ingrosso
Sebastian Ingrosso
Ingrosso
Sebastian Ingrosso
Ingrosso
Ingrosso
Sebastian Ingrosso


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 <mask> made his Tomorrowland debut with Swedish House Mafia and achieved his peaked positions on the DJ Mag poll at number 10 while Swedish House Mafia debuted at number 23.2011–2012: Until Now, and Breakthrough solo singles
In May 2011, <mask> began work on his second album with Swedish House Mafia with the release of the single Save the World featuring vocals from Swedish singer John Martin. In the summer Swedish House Mafia again performed at Tomorrowland and released two more songs in the winter named "Antidote" and "Greyhound". In early 2012 Ingrosso released one of his most notable solo tracks with Swedish DJ Alesso (who at the time had recently signed to Ingrosso's record label) and OneRepublic front man Ryan Tedder. The song named "Calling (Lose My Mind)" became a commercial success certifying 2× Platinum in Sweden. In July, Swedish House Mafia performed at Tomorrowland for the third consecutive year, this time heading the event and opening Night 2. In September following a successful summer of live performances, Swedish House Mafia released their most commercially successful track "Don't You Worry Child", again featuring the vocal of John Martin which reach number 1 in Sweden, Australia, and the UK and was a multiplatinum song in many countries. The same month <mask> released his collaboration with Tommy Trash entitled "Reload", this along with "Calling (Lose My Mind)" would feature on Swedish House Mafia's second studio/compilation album Until Now.2013: One Last Tour,  and continued solo work

In November 2012, Swedish House Mafia kicked off their One Last Tour after its announcement in June of that year. The supergroup stated that the

masks:
Ingrosso
Sebastian Ingrosso
Sebastian Ingrosso


texts:
 final leg of this tour would be their last and the group would split up after its conclusion at
Ultra Music Festival Miami 2013. At one of their last performances of the tour, at Madison Square Garden Ingrosso famously broke the sound barrier as he was drumming so quickly with his drumpad. Following the break up <mask> returned to his solo music and the song "Reload", adding in the vocals of favourite collaborator John Martin and renaming the song to "Reload (Take My Hand)". This allowed the song to become a commercial success certifying in Sweden and the UK and becoming a chart hit in many countries. In July, <mask> made his Tomorrowland debut as a solo artist, performing the main stage on Night 1. Despite the break up of the Swedish House Mafia, <mask> collaborated with Axwell on "Roar" for the Monsters University Soundtrack in early 2013.In October, Ingrosso made a new peak on the DJ Mag top 100 DJs achieving number 18. 2014–present: Axwell Λ Ingrosso

2014: X4 and Governors Ball
<mask>grosso joined forces with Axwell, debuting their new collective at the 2014 Governors Ball Music Festival in New York City – their new group named Axwell Λ Ingrosso, this followed the release of their debut EP X4. One of the songs from this EP, "We Come, We Rave, We Love", was the final version of a song started by Swedish House Mafia and was played frequently during their One Last Tour. A single, "Something New" was released from the EP in November of that year. 2015–2017: Single releases and solo work
In the early months of 2015 Ingrosso released his second and third single under the Axwell Λ Ingrosso collaboration entitled "On My Way" and "Can't Hold Us Down"

masks:
Ingrosso
Sebastian Ingrosso
Ingrosso
Sebastian In


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 respectively. In June, the duo released their fourth single named "Sun Is Shining". This song became number 1 in Sweden and was Ingrosso's (and Axwell's) first number 1 since "Don't You Worry Child".In July the duo headlined Tomorrowland closing Night Two. In November 2015 "This Time" was released under Axwell Λ Ingrosso and "Dream Bigger" on New Year's Eve. 2016 saw <mask>'s first releases as an individual since "Roar", releasing two songs, "FLAGS!" and "Dark River". The latter of the two would feature on Axwell Λ Ingrosso's debut album More Than You Know. Under Axwell Λ Ingrosso, new music saw vocals from Pharrell Williams added to "Dream Bigger" and the release of "Thinking About You". In February 2017 the duo released "I Love You" featuring Kid Ink.2017: More Than You Know
In early May 2017, <mask> released the first single from his second EP with Axwell under their collective entitled "Renegade" with the EP and its title song, "More Than You Know" being released in the latter parts of that month. The song was a commercial success, becoming a chart hit gaining certifications in many countries. In July, <mask> perform at Tomorrowland both as a solo artist (on the Refune stage) and under Axwell Λ Ingrosso (on the main stage) who was a headliner for the event. On 8 December 2017, the duo's debut album, More Than You Know, was released. The album contained all of their previously released music and their new single "Dreamer". 2018–present: Swedish House Mafia reunion and Axwell Λ Ingrosso hiatus

On the final weekend of March 2018, <mask> performed at Ultra Miami 2018 as Axwell Λ Ingrosso. The same festival also saw Ingrosso perform as Swedish

masks:
Sebastian Ingrosso
Ingrosso
Sebastian Ingrosso
Sebastian Ingrosso


texts:
 House Mafia as the band reunited after a five-year hiatus on the festival's 20th anniversary.On 29 June, Axwell Λ Ingrosso released their first single since their debut studio album, More Than You Know, featuring British singer RØMANS called "Dancing Alone". A month later the duo performed at Tomorrowland 2018, in which they paid tribute to the late DJ Avicii as part of their set. In August 2018, Axwell Λ Ingrosso announced that they would be going on hiatus in order to focus on the Swedish House Mafia reunion and 2019 tour. For currently unknown reasons, Ingrosso cancelled a performance at Wynn Nightclub in Las Vegas. Personal life
Born in Nacka, Ingrosso is of Italian, Tunisian, and Swedish descent and grew up in Stockholm, where he spent his teenage years in his choreographer father Vito <mask>'s studio learning how to make music. He is a cousin of musician <mask> and social influencer <mask>. In addition, he is a childhood friend of fellow Swedish House Mafia member Steve Angello, meeting at age six.In 2011, Ingrosso married the singer and songwriter Kinnda. They have two daughters, Melina Ingrosso and <mask>. Discography

Awards and nominations

DJ Awards

DJ Magazine top 100 DJs

Grammy Awards

International Dance Music Awards

YouTube Creator Awards
<mask> (181 thousand subscribers – May 2020)

See also
 Swedish popular music

External links

Notes

References

Club DJs
Living people
Swedish people of Italian descent
Swedish people of Tunisian descent
Swedish house musicians
Swedish record producers
People from Solna Municipality
1983 births
DJs from Stockholm
Progressive house musicians
Electronic dance music DJs
Swedish House Mafia

masks:
Ingrosso
Benjamin Ingrosso
Bianca Ingrosso
Miranda Ingrosso
Sebastian Ingrosso


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<mask> (born 13 August 1986) is a British female mixed martial artist currently signed to Bellator MMA, where she has challenged for the promotion's flyweight championship. <mask> also appeared on The Ultimate Fighter 23, losing to eventual TUF 23 winner Tatiana Suarez. Background
Having done karate since 2001 and judo from 2002 since the age of 15, <mask> kept going with whatever martial arts she could find at university, be it traditional jiujitsu, kickboxing and occasional BJJ classes. She found an MMA gym, Koncept in Newquay Cornwall in 2008 and that’s when her interest and future career in MMA started. Mixed martial arts career

Early career
<mask> made her MMA debut on 10 May 2009, earning a TKO victory over <mask>. She would win four of her first five professional fights, before suffering her second career loss against future UFC women's strawweight champion Joanna Jedrzejczyk. The Ultimate Fighter 23
Competing at strawweight, <mask> appeared on the 23rd season of The Ultimate Fighter in 2016, where she was a member of Team Gadelha, coached by Claudia Gadelha.In an interesting coincidence, the coach of the opposing team was Joanna Jedrzejczyk, against whom <mask> had previously competed. <mask> defeated Irene Cabello by TKO to gain entry into the TUF house. She defeated Ashley Yoder via unanimous decision to advance to the semifinal round. There, <mask> was defeated by Tatiana Suarez by submission. Bellator MMA

Following her stint on The Ultimate Fighter 23, <mask> returned to the regional scene in her native England for a single fight before being signed by Bellator MMA in 2017 to compete in their women's flyweight division. She won her promotional debut at Bellator 182, defeating Colleen Schneider. In her second

masks:
Kate Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Kate Rennie
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson


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 fight for the promotion, <mask> faced Valerie Letourneau at Bellator 191 in December 2017.She lost the fight by unanimous decision. In her third fight for the promotion, <mask> faced undefeated Russian prospect Anastasia Yankova at Bellator 200 on 25 May 2018. She won the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> next fought Lena Ovchynnikova at Bellator 223 on 22 June 2019. She won the fight by TKO in the first round. On the strength of her two fight win streak, <mask> was selected as the next title challenger for the Bellator Women's Flyweight World Championship against champion Ilima-Lei Macfarlane. The fight was the main event of Bellator 236 in Honolulu, Hawaii on 21 December 2019.<mask> lost the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> faced Denise Kielholtz at Bellator 247 on 1 October 2020. She lost the bout via knockout just 43 seconds into the first round. <mask> is scheduled to face Elina Kallionidou on May 13, 2022 at Bellator London. Team Cláudia
|  (airdate)
|align=center|1
|align=center|2:52
|rowspan=3 |Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|2–0
| Ashley Yoder
| Decision (unanimous)
| (airdate)
|align=center|2
|align=center|5:00
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|1–0
| Irene Cabello
| TKO (punches)
| (airdate)
|align=center|2
|align=center|4:48
|

See also

 List of current Bellator fighters
 List of female mixed martial artists

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
English female mixed martial artists
Flyweight mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing kickboxing
Mixed martial artists utilizing jujutsu
Mixed martial artists utilizing Brazilian jiu-jitsu
English jujutsuka
English practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsu
Female Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioners
Bellator female

masks: Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson


texts:
<mask> (born March 20, 1953) is an American politician serving in the California State Senate. A Democrat, she represents the 24th State Senate district, which encompasses Central Los Angeles and East Los Angeles. Prior to being elected to the State Senate, she was an American trade union official. She served as the Executive Secretary-Treasurer of the Los Angeles County Federation of Labor from May 2006 until December 2014. She currently serves as the Executive Vice President of the governing Executive Council of the national AFL-CIO and as a Vice Chair of the Democratic National Committee. Biography

Early career

Like many others who have come to play a role of the labor movement in California, Durazo got her start amongst farmworkers. As the daughter of Mexican immigrants, she spent summers in the Central Valley fields picking peaches, strawberries, and grapes.Cesar Chavez, founder of the United Farmworkers of America, inspired her to get involved in the fight for equal rights. Durazo attended St. Mary's College in Moraga, California and graduated in 1975. In 1985, she earned a law degree from the Peoples College of Law in Los Angeles, before beginning her involvement in the labor movement as an organizer for the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union. In 1983, she joined the Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees Union (HERE) Local 11. In 1987, Durazo led a reform slate against the entrenched local leadership of Andrew (Scotty) Allen whose administration had resisted efforts of immigrant workers to participate in local governance. Durazo appeared to have the upper hand, but the election was set aside by the international union, and the local was placed in a trusteeship led by Miguel Contreras. In 1988, she married fellow union


texts:
 activist Miguel Contreras whom she met while at HERE Local 11.Soon thereafter, in May 1989, <mask> ran for and was elected President of Local 11. She served in that capacity from 1989 to 2006. Years later, <mask> won the local presidency with 85% of the vote becoming one of the first Latinas to lead a major union. From May 1989 until March 2006, Durazo served as the president of Local 11. In 1993, during the union's campaign against the New Otani Hotel, (the first hotel to be built non-union in downtown Los Angeles) Durazo led workers on civil disobedience protests. Her participation in the sit-in protest led to her being arrested along with several other New Otani workers, many of whom were dragged away by police officers. She was later elected onto the executive board of HERE International Union in 1996, and in 2004 was elected Executive Vice President of UNITE-HERE International.From 2000 to 2004, she served on the National AFL-CIO's Immigration Committee and is now the current Chair of the committee. In 2003, Durazo became the National Director of the Immigrant Workers' Freedom Ride. Executive Secretary-Treasurer

In 2005 she became the widow of Miguel Contreras, who preceded Ludlow as the executive secretary-treasurer of the Los Angeles County Federation of Labor, AFL-CIO. The Los Angeles County Federation of Labor represents 600,000 workers, and it reached the climax of its influence under Durazo, its first women leader. Durazo helped land allies on the Los Angeles City Council and county Board of Supervisors and recently pushed through a minimum wage law requiring large Los Angeles hotels to pay workers at least $15.37 an hour one of the nations highest base wages. <mask> was appointed as the interim Executive Secretary-Treasurer following

masks:
Maria Elena
Durazo
Durazo


texts:
 the resignation of Martin Ludlow in February 2006, and was voted as the permanent replacement on May 15, 2006. On August 4, 2010, she was reelected as Executive Secretary-Treasurer of the AFL-CIO.In October 2014, <mask> left the Los Angeles County Federation of Labor to take a national union job promoting civil rights and campaigning for immigration reform. With her lead, the Los Angeles labor movement has indeed been a powerful voice and effective force for working families, she was active in elections and policy debates as well as at the workplace. On January 15, 2008 <mask> endorsed Barack Obama for president, and took a three-week leave of absence from her job as Executive Secretary-Treasurer of the Los Angeles County Federation of Labor in order to campaign for Obama. She then became a national co-chair of the Obama for President campaign committee, and was a pledged delegate for Obama at the National Convention in Denver. She served as Vice Chair on the 2008 Democratic National Convention Committee. On August 11, 2008, <mask> was elected to serve as the new chair of the UCLA Labor Center advisory committee. The vote was by acclamation.In 2010, <mask> was elected onto the national AFL-CIO Executive Council as an Executive Vice President. She was elected as a Vice Chair of the Democratic National Committee in 2013. California State Senate
On April 6, 2017, <mask> announced that she intended to run for the 24th district of the California State Senate in 2018, when the incumbent, Kevin de León was termed out. In her announcement, she stated that Donald Trump's victory in the 2016 presidential elections was her main motivation for running for public office. Honors
Capitol Weekly named <mask> the third most influential non-elected California

masks:
Durazo
Durazo
Durazo
Durazo
Durazo
Maria Elena


texts:
 official in its 2010 Top 100 List. <mask> was named Most Valuable Local Labor Leader by The Nation magazine in their 2014 Progressive Honor Roll. Durazo was conferred an Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from the California State University Board of Trustees."We are very proud to award <mask> Durazo the honorary degree of Doctor of Humane Letters for 2014. Her significant impacts on the quality of life in this region demonstrate what can be achieved through dedication, hard work, and a commitment to community," said President William A. Covino. The New York Times acknowledged that "as the executive secretary-treasurer of the Los Angeles County Federation of Labor, she presides over what is widely perceived as the most successful group of unions in the country." The Los Angeles Times' featured stories reporter Joe Mozingo wrote that "<mask> Durazo is probably the single most influential individual in Los Angeles politics." CNN's top news anchor in the Spanish language, Ismael Cala, stated on-air that "We are proud that a woman who has had on her life story the opportunity to see from the field the issue of immigrants' rights has become a voice for so many who cannot raise their own voices." Footnotes

Further reading

External links

 <mask> <mask> at the Center for Labor Research and Education at UCLA
 Join California <mask> Durazo

California state senators
Leaders of American trade unions
Living people
California Democrats
Saint Mary's College of California alumni
People's College of Law alumni
Activists from California
1953 births
Hispanic and Latino American politicians
Hispanic and Latino American state legislators in California
Hispanic and Latino American women in politics
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women

masks:
Durazo
Maria Elena
Maria Elena
Maria Elena
Durazo
Maria Elena


texts:
<mask> (; born June 6, 1967) is an American actor and producer. He first garnered attention for his breakout role in Private Parts (1997) as Kenny "Pig Vomit" Rushton, which led to him playing more supporting roles such as Sergeant William Hill in Saving Private Ryan (1998), Bob Zmuda in Man on the Moon (1999), John Maxwell in Big Momma's House (2000), and Marty Wolf in Big Fat Liar (2002). He won acclaim for his leading roles as Harvey Pekar in American Splendor (2003), Miles Raymond in Sideways (2004), Mike Flaherty in Win Win (2011), and Richard in Private Life (2018), while continuing to play supporting roles such as Joe Gould in Cinderella Man (2005), which earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, Chief Inspector Uhl in The Illusionist (2006), Karl Hertz in Shoot 'Em Up (2007), Nicholas "Nick" Claus in Fred Claus (2007), Tom Duffy in  (2011), Theophilus Freeman in 12 Years a Slave (2013), Ralph in Saving Mr. Banks (2013), Eugene Landy in Love & Mercy (2014), Dr. Lawrence Hayes in San Andreas (2015) and Jerry Heller in Straight Outta Compton (2015). He played the titular character in the HBO miniseries John Adams (2008), which earned him a Golden Globe Award, a Primetime Emmy Award and Screen Actors Guild Award. He stars as U.S. Attorney Chuck Rhoades Jr. in the Showtime television series Billions (2016–present). Early life
<mask> was born June 6, 1967, in New Haven, Connecticut, the youngest of three children. His father, Angelo Bartlett Giamatti, was a Yale University professor who later became president of the university and commissioner of Major League Baseball.His mother, Toni Marilyn <mask> (née Smith), was a homemaker and English teacher who

masks:
Paul Edward Valentine Giamatti
Paul Edward Valentine Giamatti
Giamatti


texts:
 taught at Hopkins School and had also previously acted. His paternal grandfather's family were Italian emigrants from Telese Terme; the family surname was originally spelled "Giammattei" () before immigrating to the United States. Giamatti's other ancestries are German, Dutch, English, French, Irish, and Scottish. His paternal grandmother had deep roots in New England, dating back to the colonial era. <mask>'s brother, Marcus, is also an actor, and his sister, Elena, is a jewelry designer. Giamatti was first educated at The Foote School and later graduated from Choate Rosemary Hall in 1985. He attended Yale, where he was active in the undergraduate theater scene and working with fellow actors and Yale students Ron Livingston and Edward Norton.He graduated in 1989 with a bachelor's degree in English, and went on to earn a Master of Fine Arts degree from the Yale School of Drama, where he studied with Earle R. Gister. He performed in numerous theatrical productions, including Broadway and a stint from 1989 to 1992 with Seattle's Annex Theater, before appearing in some small television and film roles in the early 1990s. Career

In 1997, Giamatti landed his first high-profile role as Kenny "Pig Vomit" Rushton in the film adaptation of Howard Stern's Private Parts. Stern praised Giamatti's performance often on his radio program, calling for him to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. In 1998, Giamatti appeared in a number of supporting roles in the big-budget films, The Truman Show, Saving Private Ryan and The Negotiator. In 1999, he played Bob Zmuda and Tony Clifton in Miloš Forman's Andy Kaufman biopic, Man on the Moon. Giamatti continued working steadily during


texts: the early 2000s by appearing in major studio releases including Big Momma's House, Planet of the Apes and Big Fat Liar.In 2003, Giamatti began to earn critical acclaim after his lead role in the film American Splendor. In 2004, Giamatti gained mainstream recognition and fame with the independent romantic comedy Sideways. His portrayal of a depressed writer vacationing in the Santa Barbara wine country garnered him a Golden Globe nomination and an Independent Spirit Award and he was named Best Actor in a Leading Role by several significant film critics groups (New York, Chicago, Toronto, San Francisco, Online Film Critics). Following the commercial success of Sideways, Giamatti appeared in Cinderella Man, for which he earned an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor. He was nominated for a Golden Globe and won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture. In 2006, Giamatti was the lead in M. Night Shyamalan's Lady in the Water, a supernatural thriller, followed by the animated film The Ant Bully, and Neil Burger's drama The Illusionist co-starring Edward Norton. Giamatti had his first major role in an action movie in the 2007 film Shoot 'Em Up, while also starring in The Nanny Diaries and Fred Claus.In 2008, Giamatti received an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie for his title performance in the 2008 HBO miniseries John Adams, as well as his first Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Miniseries or Television Film, and also earned a Screen Actors Guild award. That same year, he starred in the independent film Pretty Bird, which is a fictionalized retelling about the drama behind the invention of a rocketbelt. Giamatti


texts: received his second Golden Globe win for Best Actor in a Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy for his role in the 2010 film, Barney's Version. Giamatti starred as the lead in the comedy-drama film Win Win, which earned positive reviews from critics. The same year he had small roles in Ironclad, The Hangover Part II and The Ides of March. In 2012, Giamatti became the voiceover actor for Liberty Mutual insurance commercials. He was the narrator for the PBS Nature episode An Original DUCKumentary.Giamatti produced and starred in John Dies at the End, which is based on the book of the same name. He also had roles in the films Rock of Ages and Cosmopolis. In 2013, Giamatti returned to his alma mater, Yale University, to perform the title role in Shakespeare's Hamlet, for which he won rave reviews in a sold-out, modern dress stage production of the play at the Yale Repertory Theatre, in New Haven. He also had supporting roles in several films, including the animated Turbo and The Congress, as well as Parkland, Saving Mr. Banks, and the critically acclaimed 12 Years a Slave. In addition, Giamatti played the role of New Yorker Harold Levinson, the brother of Cora, the Countess of Grantham (Elizabeth McGovern), in the 2013 Christmas special of the period drama, ITV Studios/Carnival Films television series, Downton Abbey. In 2014, Giamatti played villain The Rhino in The Amazing Spider-Man 2. Also in 2014, Giamatti portrayed psychologist Eugene Landy in the Brian Wilson biopic Love & Mercy.In 2015, Giamatti portrayed N.W.A manager Jerry Heller in the biographical drama Straight Outta Compton. He also played a scientist in the disaster film San Andreas. In 2016, Giamatti began appearing in


texts:
 commercials for Prism TV, the IPTV service owned by CenturyLink; the spots are the first-ever on-camera TV commercial appearances for Giamatti. Giamatti plays a lead role in the Showtime series Billions, portraying the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York. The show, debuting in 2016, is loosely based on a real event. Wax Paul Now campaign

Giamatti is the subject of the viral "Wax Paul Now" campaign, which pushes for the actor to get a Madame Tussauds wax statue in his likeness, most likely at the New York location. The movement first achieved national prominence when Giamatti appeared on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert and discussed the campaign with host Stephen Colbert.After this and subsequent articles in Forbes, Buzzfeed, and The A.V. Club among others, Madame Tussauds New York announced that they would host a party in Giamatti's honor to coincide with the premiere of Billions Season 3 on March 25, 2018, at which the founders of the Wax Paul Now movement would speak. Tussauds announced that if a Change.org petition garnered 500,000 signatures in the nine days leading up to the party, they would agree to create the wax statue of Giamatti. As the petition was unable to garner enough signatures in time, the Wax Paul Now campaign is still ongoing. A short film chronicling the campaign premiered at the Virginia Film Festival in October 2019. Personal life
Giamatti resides in the Brooklyn Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York and was married to Elizabeth Cohen from 1997 to an undisclosed date in the 2000s. "My wife is Jewish.And I'm fine with my son being raised as a Jew". Giamatti is an atheist, although for him "religion features more now in my life than it did