texts:
 August 2018, he was named in Nepal's squad for the 2018 Asia Cup Qualifier tournament. In October 2018, he was named in Nepal's squad in the Eastern sub-region group for the 2018–19 ICC World Twenty20 Asia Qualifier tournament. He was the leading wicket-taker during the tournament, with 24 dismissals in six matches. In June 2019, he was named in Nepal's squad for the Regional Finals of the 2018–19 ICC T20 World Cup Asia Qualifier tournament.He made his first-class debut on 6 November 2019, for Nepal against the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC), during the MCC's tour of Nepal. On 12 February 2020, in the match against the United States in the 2020 Nepal Tri-Nation Series, Lamichhane took his first five-wicket haul in an ODI match. On 29 February 2020, in the match against Malaysia in the Eastern Region group of the 2020 Asia Cup Qualifier, <mask> became the first bowler for Nepal to take 100 wickets in Twenty20 cricket. In September 2020, he was one of eighteen cricketers to be awarded with a central contract by the Cricket Association of Nepal. On 11 October 2021, <mask> was named the ICC Player of the Month by the International Cricket Council. Honours
 NNIPA Best Youth Player of the year: 2017
 NCCS-CPAN Cricketer of the Year: 2018
 ICC Men's Player of the Month for September 2021

See also
 List of Nepal ODI cricketers
 List of Nepal Twenty20 International cricketers

References

External links

2000 births
Living people
Nepalese cricketers
Nepal One Day International cricketers
Nepal Twenty20 International cricketers
World XI Twenty20 International cricketers
People from Syangja District
Delhi Capitals cricketers
Jamaica Tallawahs cricketers
Lahore Qalandars cricketers
Melbourne Stars cricketers
Nangarhar Leopards cricketers
St Kitts and Nevis Patriots cricketers
Sylhet Sixers cricketers
21st-century Nepalese male singers
Hobart Hurricanes

masks: Lamichhane Lamichhane


type: original

texts:
<mask> of Salant (1786–1866) (also known as <mask>) was an Ashkenazi rabbi and the primary teacher of Rabbi <mask>r. Biography

Early life and Family
Zundel was born on the first day of Rosh Hashana in 1786 in Salantai, Lithuania. Little is known of his early years. He descended from Rabbi Faivush Ashkenazi of Vilna (late 17th-early 18th century) and his father was Rabbi Benyamin Beinush, who was a shochet and hazzan in Salant. As a young man, Zundel studied in the Volozhin Yeshiva under Rabbi Chaim Volozhin. Following Rabbi Chaim's death in 1821, Zundel would make trips to study with Rabbi Akiva Eiger. Salant's wife was Rochel Rivkah, and they had three children, two daughters, Tziviah and Heniah, and an only son, Aryeh Leib.Rabbi Yosef <mask> of Salant refused to accept any rabbinical positions. He ran a small business which produced only a meager living. He chose to spend much of his time immersed in Torah studies and musar. Later life and impact
<mask> provided the spiritual inspiration for his most famous student, Rabbi Yisrael <mask>, the founder of the Musar movement. During the early years of the Musar movement, Reb <mask> was seen in the marketplace on Friday afternoons reminding the merchants that the Jewish Sabbath was approaching so they had time to close their stalls and avoid its desecration. Rabbi Yosef <mask>, who was a student of the Vilna Gaon in every sense of the word, longed to settle in the Land of Israel. Finally, in 1838–39, despite the hardships of such a trip due to the ongoing war between the Ottoman Empire and Egypt, <mask> nevertheless took his family and traveled to Jerusalem.The Ashkenazi community in Jerusalem at that time was under the leadership and financial support of the Kollel Vilna, whose headquarters were in Amsterdam. It was led by a committee under a wealthy Dutch Jewish banker, Rabbi Avraham Zvi Hirsch

masks:
Yosef Zundel
Zundel Salant
Yisrael Salante
Zundel
Zundel
Salanter
Zundel
Zundel
Rabbi Zundel


texts: Lehren (1784–1853). Rabbi Lehren had, in 1817, assumed the mantle of leadership of an organization founded in 1809 known as Pekidim and Amarkalim of Eretz Yisrael ("Officials and Administrators of the Land of Israel"). This charitable organization was in charge of the collection, administration, and disbursement of all the monies collected in Western Europe on behalf of the Ashkenazi Jewish community in the Land of Israel. Although <mask> was an extremely unpretentious individual, Rabbi Lehren was keenly aware of his greatness and had tremendous respect for him. <mask>'s knowledge of Torah was extraordinary, and the entire scope of Torah was clearly engraved on his heart and mind. He was also a Tzadik extraordinaire.In 1837, <mask> settled in Jerusalem, where, at the urging of Rabbi Lehren, he served as the rabbi of the Ashkenazi community. For centuries, all halachic disputes and queries in Jerusalem were brought to the Sephardi rabbinical court, which adjudicated them. Due to the recent growth of the Ashkenazi community, Rabbi Lehren wanted Ashkenazim to have independence and to adjudicate disputes in their own rabbinical court. Rabbi Yosef <mask> agreed on the condition that he would not be paid a salary for his services. Throughout his life he had worked to support himself in a manner that did not cause him to benefit from Torah, and he wanted to maintain that practice. Furthermore, he had always shunned all positions of honor and distinction. He also stipulated that as soon as he would find a suitable replacement, he would relinquish his position to the other person.<mask> opened the Beis Din, albeit as a temporary court. In time though, both the Ashkenazi and Sephardi communities in Jerusalem recognized <mask>'s greatness and brought him all their halachic questions and issues. In 1841, when his son-in-law Rabbi Shmuel <mask> arrived in

masks:
Rabbi Zundel
Rabbi Zundel
Zundel
Zundel
Rabbi Zundel
Rabbi Zundel
Salant


texts: Jerusalem, <mask> asked him to join the Beis Din. Not long afterwards, <mask>, realizing the vast greatness of his son-in-law, appointed him as the official head of the rabbinical court, a position that Rabbi Shmuel held for almost seventy years until his death in 1909. Rabbi Shmuel held the title of "first Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem." <mask> lived in a small one-room apartment in the Hurva Synagogue complex in the Jewish Quarter of the Old City. <mask> sustained himself and his family by selling vinegar, but spent most of the day and night in the Menachem Zion Synagogue, which was completed in 1837.Built by the Perushim (students of the Vilna Gaon), it was named after their leader Rabbi Menachem Mendel of Shklov. <mask> lived an esoteric lifestyle and radiated spirituality to the entire community. <mask> was instrumental in the founding of the famed Etz Chaim Yeshiva, the Bikur Cholim Hospital and Hevrah Kadisha, and aided in the absorption of new immigrants in Jerusalem. <mask> and Rabbi Shmuel worked together tirelessly for the benefit of the community. In 1860 they founded the Rabbi Meir Baal Haness charity, which became the foundation of support for the entire community at large, and saved it from sinking into a financial abyss. Unfortunately, <mask> lived for only a few years after its establishment. However, during the final years of his life, he devoted himself wholly to bringing this monumental undertaking to fruition; upon his passing the Rabbi Meir Baal Haness charity had already become a lifeline for hundreds of poor and destitute families.During the 1860s, the water supply to Jerusalem was very poor, despite several attempts by the Ottoman authorities to repair the ancient conduit from A'yn Arrub and Solomon's Pools. The stone pipes were regularly sabotaged by the Arab farmers who earned a nice living selling water that they brought in

masks:
Rabbi Zundel
Rabbi Zundel
Rabbi Zundel
Rabbi Zundel
Rabbi Zundel
Rabbi Zundel
Rabbi Zundel
Rabbi Zundel


texts:
 unhygienic animal-skin bags from A'yn Rogel and the Gihon Spring through the Dung Gate. The water was sold at a high price, even though it was of poor taste, smelled foul and was dangerous to consume without boiling it first. This water supply depended mainly on the cisterns dug near or even under the houses, in which rainwater collected. In the 1860s there were almost a thousand of these. This water was only fit for drinking as long as it was not contaminated by sewage water. There was no sewage system in Jerusalem at the time, and sewage often ran in the street, seeping into the wells.The pollution of the drinking water brought about a severe plague, which claimed hundreds of victims, and led to the city being placed under quarantine for four months. Sir Moses Montefiore came to the aid of the inhabitants by contributing money for improving the water supply. Death
Rabbi Yosef <mask> <mask> died due to the plague on Friday, October 12, (3rd Cheshvan) 1866 and was buried on the Mount of Olives. Among the many instructions that <mask> mentioned in his will was that no eulogies be held for him, and no titles should be added to his name on the tombstone. Rabbi Yisrael <mask>, the founder of the ethical Musar movement and prime student of <mask>, is recorded as having said: "I have not found a true servant of God like my mentor <mask>!". References
 Musar Movement - Dov Katz, 1945; English Edition translated by Leonard Oschry, Tel Aviv, Israel 1975. Pages 114–115.Toldot Rabbi Yosef <mask> from Salant - Eliezer Rivlin, Jerusalem 1927, reprinted 1983. External links
 Full biography of Rabbi <mask> <mask>

1786 births
1866 deaths
Haredi rabbis in Europe
Ashkenazi rabbis in Ottoman Palestine
Musar movement
Philosophers of Judaism
Burials at the Jewish cemetery on the Mount of Olives
Rabbis in Jerusalem
People from Salantai
Rabbis that emigrated to the

masks:
Zundel
Salant
Rabbi Zundel
Salanter
Rabbi Zundel
Rabbi Zundel
Zundel
Zundel
Salant


texts:
<mask>-Baghdadi (1917-1973) was an Iraqi master calligrapher, noted for his lettering which exhibited a steadiness of hand and fluidity of movement. In his later life, he was acknowledged as the "imam of calligraphy" across the Arab world, and would be the last of the classical calligraphers. He also authored several important texts on the art of calligraphy. Life and career

Born, Abu Rakeem <mask>i, he became known as "al Baghdadi", occasionally by his nickname "al Khattat" and sometimes simply called, "<mask>, the calligrapher". He was born in the Khun Land district of Baghdad in 1917 into a poor, but respected family. He was attracted to calligraphy from an early age, drawing his inspiration from reading scripture and observing the calligraphy that decorated local mosques As a youth, he studied briefly with Mullah Aref al-Shaikhli in Baghdad, at the  Al-Ahmadiyya School, which was owned Al-Shaikhli. From the outset, he showed an early talent for the art of calligraphy, and exhibited a real dedication to learning the technique, a strict adherence to its extensive rules and a willingness to explore the secrets of Islamic lettering.Due to his family's poor circumstances, he was obliged to discontinue his studies for a time, and seek paid work. In 1937, he began working for the Department of Public Survey in Baghdad, where he produced maps. Some years later, he served an apprenticeship with Mulla <mask>Ali al-Fadli (d. 1948), who awarded him a Diploma in Calligraphy in 1943. In 1944 he continued his studies at the Madrasat Tahsin al-Khutût (Royal Institute of Calligraphy) in Cairo, where he was taught by Sayyid Ibrahim and Mohammad Hosni and obtained a Diploma with honours in 1944. After returning to Baghdad, in 1946 he published a textbook on the ruq‛ah style of calligraphy, which was originally intended for use in primary

masks:
Hashem Muhammad al
Hashim Muhammad al Haj Derbas al Qais
Hashem
Muhammad ‛


texts: schools, but is still used as a standard text in universities and colleges. In 1947 he opened a Calligraphy Office in Baghdad, in partnership with the painter Oksen. Their office was situated in the city centre; in Rashid Street in the Al-Sanak district in Baghdad.Their commercial work included the design of headlines for newspapers and magazines. His commercial work also involved the design of not only Iraqi Bank Notes, but also coins and notes for the governments of Tunisia, Morocco, Libya and Sudan. In the 1950s, he travelled to Istanbul where he studied with Hamid Aytaç (also known as Hamid Al-Amidi) and was awarded diplomas in 1950 and in 1952. He found favour with Aytaç, who recognised his talent and dedication. He returned to Istanbul on several occasions to meet up with Aytaç, and maintained regular contact with him throughout his life, via regular correspondence and occasional visits. During one of these visits, Aytaç said of al-Baghdadi, "Hashim is one of the best calligraphers of the Islamic world." In 1960 he took up the post of Lecturer in Calligraphy at Baghdad's Institute of Fine Arts and later became the Head of the Department of Calligraphy and Islamic Decoration, a post that he held until his death in 1973 During his academic career, he certified a number of calligraphers including: Walid Al-Adhami, Sadiq Al-Douri, Abdul Ghani Al-Ani, Taha Al-Bustani, Jamal Al-Kabbasi, Mehdi al-Jubouri, Major Ghaleb Sabri al-Khattat, Dr. Salman Ibrahim al-Khattat, Haji Saber al-'Azami, Karim Hussein, Adnan al-Shaikhli, Khaled Hussein, Essam al-Saab, his brother Abdel Hadi, Fawzi Khattat, Salah Sherzad and Mohamed Hassan al-Baldawi, many of whom went on to have notable careers.He also influenced many young, aspiring calligraphers including the Chinese calligrapher, Chen Kun, through his mentorship, writings and public works. He


texts:
 primarily practised the thulûth style of calligraphy and was one of its finest practitioners. The thulûth style of calligraphy is mainly used in architecture. He also favoured naskh and nasta'liq scripts. Sometimes he combined Baghdadi script with the more modern Ottoman style of calligraphy

In 1961 he published The Methods of Arabic Calligraphy (also known as the Rules of Calligraphy); a work that has been described as the "finest collection of Arabic fonts in the Arab and Islamic world." In 1971 he became a founding member of the One Dimension Group where he was able to socialise and collaborate with a group of artists, who while they all pursued their own individual styles, used Arabic letters the basis of their compositions The group's philosophy, which was to search for a new artistic identity, drawn from within Iraqi culture and heritage and which successfully integrated Islamic visual traditions, especially calligraphy and Arabic motifs, into contemporary compositions, was a good fit with Al-Baghdadi's own style. He supervised the printing of several versions of the Qur'an including a rare illuminated manuscript copy of the Qur'ān, by the nineteenth century Ottoman calligrapher, <mask> Al-Rushdi which was to be reprinted in Germany.This involved travel to Germany in 1979, where he worked on the addition of missing words and phrases as well as reparation of damaged and illegible letters. Following the death of the great calligrapher, Ali bin Hilal, al-Baghdadi's stature as a leading calligrapher was affirmed, and when his former mentor and friend, Aytaç, passed the age of 90 years, the Arab world acknowledged al-Baghdadi as the new "imam of calligraphy." He would become the last of the classical calligraphers. His friend and former mentor, Aytaç, in a clear reference to the importance of the medieval Baghdad School, said of


texts:
 al-Baghdadi, "the line grew up in Baghdad and ended there. Al-Baghdadi died in Baghdad in 1973 following a heart attack, aged 56. Work
His calligraphy can be found in numerous public buildings in Baghdad including the al-Shahid Mosque, the mosque of the Sheik 'abd al-Qadir al Gilani, the Haydarkana mosque, the Muradiyya mosque and the Bunia mosque. He is generally regarded as the only calligrapher to combine Baghdadi and Ottoman scripts.He published a number of texts including:

 Book of Calligraphy Rules (in Arabic), 1961

He was working on another text, The Layers of Calligraphy at the time of his death. The work was published posthumously in 2008. Legacy
A statue of al-Baghdadi was erected in al-Fadl square in Baghdad. The Seventh International Calligraphy Competition (2006) was dedicated to al-Baghdadi He is the subject of a book, Dean of Arabic calligraphy - Hashim Mohamed Khatat (1335-1393 AH - 1917-1973 AD): The Art of Calligraphy (in Arabic) by Hassan Qasem Habash published by Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah (2013). See also
 Iraqi art
 Islamic calligraphy
 List of Iraqi artists

References

External links
  Modern Art Iraq Archive - digital resource maintained by Iraqi artists which includes reproductions of artworks, many of which were lost or destroyed in the 2003 invasion and are not accessible via any other reliable public source

Further reading
 "<mask> <mask>-Baghdadi," Oxford Art Online
 Robinson, F. (ed. ), The Cambridge Illustrated History of the Islamic World, Cambridge University Press, 1996, p. 287
 Simonowitz, D., " A Modern Master of Islamic Calligraphy and Her Peers", Journal of Middle East Women's Studies Vol.6, No. 1, 2010, pp. 75–102 DOI: 10.2979/mew.2010.6.1.75 Online:
 Turner, J. (ed. ), The Dictionary of Art, vol. 4, p. 217

20th-century Iraqi painters
Artists from Baghdad
Iraqi calligraphers
1917

masks:
Hashem
Muhammad al


texts:
<mask> (August 8, 1754 in Belorado, Burgos, Spain – 1816 in Madrid), or <mask>, was a Spanish botanist known for researching the floras of Peru and Chile during an expedition under Carlos III from 1777 to 1788. During the reign of Carlos III, three major botanical expeditions were sent to the New World; <mask> and José Antonio Pavón Jiménez were the botanists for the first of these expeditions, to Peru and Chile. Background
After studying Latin with an uncle who was a priest, at the age of 14 <mask> went to Madrid to study logic, physics, chemistry and pharmacology. He also studied botany at the Migas Calientes Botanical Gardens (now the Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid), under the supervision of Casimiro Gómez Ortega (1741–1818) and Antonio Palau Verdera (1734–1793). <mask> had not yet completed his pharmacology studies when he was named the head botanist of the expedition. The French physician Joseph Dombey was named as his assistant, and the pharmacologist José Antonio Pavón y Jimenez was also appointed. Completing the expedition were the botanical illustrators Joseph Bonete and Isidro Gálvez.The expedition

The expedition sailed from Cádiz in 1777, arriving at Lima in April 1778. They explored throughout Peru and Chile for ten years (1778–1788), collecting specimens. The expedition collected 3,000 specimens of plants and made 2,500 life-sized botanical illustrations. When they returned to Spain they brought back a great many living plants. One of the medical remedies brought back by this expedition was the boiled spouts of the

masks:
Hipólito Ruiz López
Hipólito Ruiz
Ruiz
Ruiz López
Ruiz


texts: quisoar plant, Buddleja incana, which was used to cure colds or, mixed with urine, to alleviate toothache. The collections arrived in Cádiz in good order (for the most part) in 1788, and were deposited in the Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid and in the Gabinete de Historia Natural, the precursor of the Museum of Natural History. The discoveries included about 150 new genera and 500 new species, which still retain the names given them by <mask> and Pavón.Unfortunately, a part of the collection consisting of 53 crates with 800 illustrations, dried plants, seeds, resins and minerals was lost when the ship transporting it was wrecked on the coast of Portugal. Back in Spain, <mask> finished his pharmacological studies, graduating in 1790. He was named a member of the Royal Academy of Medicine in 1794, and he published various works in that body's Memoires. He and Pavón published Flora Peruviana et Chilensis in ten volumes, richly illustrated with engravings of the specimens. The first four volumes were published between 1798 and 1802. The last six volumes were published after the death of <mask>. Before his death, <mask> also published Quinología o tratado del árbol de la quina (Madrid, 1792).This work was soon translated into Italian (1792), German (1794) and English (1800). Alexander von Humboldt cited <mask> when he published his own treatise on cinchona in 1821. The journals <mask> produced for his exploration of South America during these years are remarkable for their breadth of ethnobotanical and natural history knowledge. Of

masks: Ruiz Ruiz Ruiz Ruiz Ruiz Ruiz


texts:
 particular interest to the Spanish Crown at the time was pharmacological knowledge of New World plants such as Chinchona, the source of the anti-malarial, quinine. In addition to detailed descriptions and paintings of the flora and fauna of Peru and Chile, <mask> observed the geology and weather of the area, and included cultural information about the life of the Indians and the colonists of the area. He died in 1816 (some sources say 1815) in Madrid. He has been honoured in the naming of 2 plant genera, in 1786, botanist Cav.published Ruizia, a genus of flowering plants from the island of Réunion, belonging to the family Malvaceae. Then in 1936, R.E.Fr. published Ruizodendron, a monotypic genus of flowering plants from South America belonging to the family Annonaceae. Notes

References
The Journals of Hipólito <mask>:  Spanish Botanist in Peru and Chile 1777-1788, translated by Richard Evans Schultes and María José Nemry von Thenen de Jaramillo-Arango, Timber Press, 1998. External links
 Short biography
 "Flora Peruviana et Chilensis" Vols. I-III available online at Botanicus.org website
 "Systema vegetabilium florae peruvianae et chilensis" available online at Digital Library of Madrid Botanical Garden site
 "Flora peruvianae, et chilensis prodromus" available online at Digital Library of Madrid Botanical Garden site
 "Suplemento á la Quinologia" available online at Digital Library of Madrid Botanical Garden site
 Hipólito <mask>. Polymath Virtual Library, Fundación Ignacio Larramendi

Spanish botanists
1754 births
1816

masks:
Ruiz
Ruiz
Ruiz López


texts:
<mask> (, born 5 November 1960) is a Taiwanese professional golfer. Though he only won two prominent events, the 1988 Indonesia Open and the 1993 Mercuries Taiwan Masters, he was a consistent contender on the Asia Golf Circuit and Asian PGA Tour in the 1980s and 1990s. He recorded dozens of top-10s and at least a six second-place finishes between the circuits. Professional career
Hsieh turned professional in 1982. He began to have success on the Asia Golf Circuit the following year. He would seriously contend at the March 1983 Singapore Open, shooting consecutive round of 69 (−2) to put himself a shot back of countryman Ho Ming Chung. However he would ultimately finish outside of the Bill Brask – Lu Chien-soon playoff.A month later, he played excellently at his home nation's open, the Taiwan Open. After an opening 77 he shot consecutive rounds of 72 to place himself in the joint third round lead with compatriot Chen Tze-ming. On the difficult Lin Kuo Country Club course, his second and third rounds of even-par were tied for the best of the tournament through Saturday. During the final round, he was two-over par for the day and tied for the lead entering the 18th hole. He had a 2-metre putt on the 72nd hole for par to put him in a playoff with Lu Liang-Huan and Bill Israelson. He missed and finished in solo third. Overall for the year, he finished in second place on the circuit's Order of Merit.Hsieh's good play qualified him for the 1983 Open Championship. He shot an even-par 71 in the first round at Royal Birkdale. He shot a second round 72 to easily make the cut. Hsieh fell back with a third round 74 but made the third round cut on the number. In the final round, he ballooned to a 78 and finished in 63rd place. Later in the year, he played the World Series of Golf,


texts: a limited-field tournament on the PGA Tour. He finished in 38th place.In 1986 he had an excellent year. On 23 March, he finished runner-up at the Indonesia Open, one behind Frankie Miñoza. Less than a month later, on 19 April, he was in third place at midway point of Korea Open and would ultimately finish second, one behind countryman Tsao Chien-Teng. These performance would help him finish third on the 1986 Order of Merit. The following season, he recorded another runner-up finish, this time at the 1987 Taiwan Open, two back of American Mark Aebli. These good performances would culminate with his first victory on the Asia Golf Circuit. On 17 March 1988, he shot a second round 62 to take the lead at the Indonesia Open.He then shot a third round 67 to expand his lead to three shots. He started the final round "shakily" with a bogey on the third hole and was in danger of losing the lead. He "quickly settled down," however, with birdies on the 5th and 6th holes. He went bogey-free after the turn and made three birdies to go on and win by six over Mario Siodina. In addition to the sizable gap between him and Siodina, Hsieh defeated third-place finishers Paul Foley and Mark Aebli by 11 shots. Later in the year, in July, he finished in fifth place at the Malaysian Masters, the richest event in Asia outside of the Asia Golf Circuit, four back of fellow Chen Liang-Hsi. Hsieh played excellently at the 1989 Hong Kong Open.He finished the first round one back of Todd Hamilton. In the second round, he shot a 68 (−2) to tie Hamilton. Though he played, in his words, "too conservative" in the third round, he remained in contention with his third consecutive 68, now one back of Howard Clark. He struggled in the final round but still had a chance to enter a playoff with a final hole


texts: birdie. He bogeyed, however, to finish two back. He finished in a tie for fourth with Hamilton, Clark, and Canadian Jean-Louis Lamarre. In 1990, Hsieh played in the Dunhill Cup, a team event in Scotland, representing his home country of Taiwan.Taiwan played Wales in the first round of the single elimination event. Hsieh's match was against Ian Woosnam. He could not contend with Woosman, who within a year would be Masters champion and number 1 in the world. Woosnam defeated him by seven strokes, 71 to 78. Though Taiwan won one of its matches, they would lose overall to Wales, 2–1. In the early 1990s, Hsieh sporadically found success on the Asia Golf Circuit and PGA Tour of Australasia. He recorded two top-10s on the Asia Golf Circuit in 1991, at the Philippine Open and Benson and Hedges Malaysian Open.In 1992, he finished solo 5th at the Hong Kong Open; the only players to beat him were Tom Watson, Ronan Rafferty, Bernhard Langer, and Tom Pernice Jr. In October, he once again played well at the Malaysian Masters, an Australasian Tour event, finishing joint runner-up with Anthony Gilligan, two behind Terry Price. In 1993, back on the Asian circuit, he found himself one back of the lead at the Thailand Open entering the fourth round. He faltered in the final round, however, and finish in a tie for 11th. Later in the year, he won the 1993 Mercuries Taiwan Masters, an event outside of the Asia Golf Circuit. The following year he was one back of joint leaders Mike Cunning and Choi Sang-Ho at the midway point on the 1994 Philippine Open. He did not play well on the weekend, however, and dropped to T-36.Later in the season, he recorded top-10s at the Taiwan Open and Korea Open. Much later in 1994, he played well at the Singapore Open on the Australasian Tour. After three


texts:
 rounds, he was three back of Kyi Hla Han, in joint second place. He would ultimately finish in a tie for fourth. In 1995, the Asian PGA Tour formed and Hsieh soon started playing on it. In 1996, he had his first great success on the Omega Tour, as it was sponsored, recording a runner-up finish to Prayad Marksaeng at the Volvo China Open. The following year, he again recorded another runner-up finish, this time to Christian Pena at the Volvo Masters of Malaysia.In 2000, he recorded three top-tens on the Asian PGA Tour. In June 2001, he recorded another runner-up finish at the Singapore Open, this time one behind Thaworn Wiratchant. Though Wiratchant never held the lead until the 72 hole, he defeated Hsieh, his closest challenger, by one. Despite the loss, Hsieh was not particularly upset. "Thaworn was too good," he stated after the match. "When you birdie the last three holes, you deserve to win." In 2002, Hsieh recorded a runner-up finish at the Taiwan Open.This would be his final top-10 performance in a prominent event. Personal life
His brother, <mask> Chin-sheng, is also a professional golfer. He played significantly on the Asia Golf Circuit. Professional wins

Asia Golf Circuit wins (1)
1988 Indonesia Open

Taiwan wins (14)
1985 Lin Kou Open, Taichung Open
1986 King Grapes Classic, Taichung Open
1988 General Chow Chih-Jou Memorial Cup, Tainan Open, BMW Open, Chayi Open, Miller Beer Cup
1991 Chang Hwa Open
1992 Chang Kang Open
1993 Mercuries Taiwan Masters, Taichung Open
1994 Chang Hwa Open

Results in major championships

Source:

Team appearances
World Cup (representing Taiwan): 1987, 1992, 1993
Dunhill Cup (representing Taiwan): 1990

References

External links

 Hsieh Yu-shu at the Taiwan PGA official site

Taiwanese male golfers
1960 births
Living


texts:
<mask> (5 March 1976 – 24 July 2013) was a Zimbabwean singer, songwriter, and exponent of Zimbabwean mbira music. She was the daughter of Zimbabwean mbira master and teacher <mask> (and former officer in the Zimbabwe Ministry of Sports and Culture in the early 1980s). Describing the mbira, an instrument traditionally used by male musicians, she said, "It is like a large xylophone. It is everywhere in Africa under different names: sanza, kalimba, etc. For us in Zimbabwe it is the name for many string instruments. There are many kinds of mbiras. The one that I play is called the nyunga nyunga, which means sparkle-sparkle."Biography
Born in 1976 in Olympia, Washington, where her father had moved his family, The song bird spent the first seven years of her life in the US. She spent a portion of her high school years attending The Northwest School in Seattle, Washington. When she moved back to Zimbabwe she attended Mutare Girls' High School and took evening classes at the University of Zimbabwe, where her father was teaching. In the early 1990s, when she was 15, she formed part of the Afro-fusion hip-hop trio A Peace of Ebony, which "was perhaps the first group to fuse mbira with contemporary beats". In 1996, she joined The Storm, a band led by guitarist Andy Brown (who later became her husband): "The Storm became one of Zimbabwe's biggest bands, touring the world and winning accolades.... Maraire's firm voice and Brown's plucky guitar made a beautiful combination." Chiwoniso fronted her acoustic group Chiwoniso & Vibe Culture for several years. Her first album, Ancient Voices, was

masks:
Chiwoniso Maraire
Dumisani Maraire


texts:
 released to international acclaim in 1995 and she went on to record three more albums: Timeless (2004), Hupenyu Kumusha, Life at Home, Impilo Ekhaya.The Collaboration: Volume 1 (2006), and Rebel Woman (2008). From 2001 to 2004, she was also a core member of the multinational all-women band Women's Voice, whose original members hailed from Norway, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, the United States, Israel, and Algeria. Chiwoniso also starred in film, having worked on the soundtracks for movies and documentaries by an array of Zimbabwean writers and film producers in the last ten years. She made her last recording in March 2013, and "Zvichapera", a cover of Thomas Mapfumo's song, was released posthumously in 2015. Speaking out against police brutality
She said, "To beat people, to threaten people, to put a person in a situation where they have to think for the next five hours about whether or not they are going to be okay — is a very, very bad thing to do." Death and suicide of daughter
<mask> died on 24 July 2013 at South Medical Hospital in Chitungwiza, Zimbabwe, aged 37. According to her manager Cosmas Zamangwe, she had been admitted to hospital 10 days earlier suffering from chest pains.The cause of death was the result of suspected pneumonia, just a year after the death of her ex-husband, Andy Brown, also a prominent musician. The couple left behind two daughters, Chengeto and Chiedza. She was buried at her rural home in Chakohwa village in Mutambara. On September 12, 2015, the younger of her daughters, 15 year old Chiedza Brown, committed suicide. Chiedza was also a musician in the Mbira


texts:
 tradition like her mother and an accomplished singer. The last surviving member of <mask>'s family with Andy Brown is her daughter, Chengeto, although Andy Brown had other children, the half-siblings of <mask>'s daughters. Awards and honours
<mask> was honoured by Radio France ("Decouverte Afrique") for her debut album, Ancient Voices (1998), and was nominated in the Kora All-Africa Music Awards for best female vocals of Africa in 1999.The album entered the World Music Charts Europe three times. Discography

Albums
A Piece of Ebony: From the Native Tongue (1992)
Ancient Voices (1998)
Chiwoniso & Vibe Culture: Timeless (2004)
The Collaboration: Hupenyu Kumusha/Life at Home/Impilo Ekhaya. Ropafadzi Mapimhidze, "Multimedia: A tribute to <mask> <mask>", NewsDay, 26 July 2013. Violet Gonda, "Zimbabwe mbira queen <mask> <mask> dies", SW Radio Africa, 26 July 2013. replaced dead link with an archived copy of the page via the Internet Archive ( Wayback machine) July 24, 2015

 Silence Charumbira, "Chiwoniso: Mbira queen with unique voice", The Standard (Zimbabwe), 28 July 2013. Pamela Stitch, "Thank God It Is Friday", 18 November 2011. Rebel Woman. Sister-Fire: Chiwoniso <mask> (5 March 1976 – 24 July 2013).BlackLooks, 25 July 2013. Phillippa Yaa de Villiers, "A star has fallen", Books Live, 25 July 2013. "Feminist Chronicles: Diary 12: <mask> <mask>". 14 January 2012.
 .

1976 births
2013 deaths
Musicians from Olympia, Washington
Zimbabwean musicians
21st-century Zimbabwean women singers
Deaths from pneumonia in Zimbabwe
20th-century Zimbabwean women singers
American emigrants to

masks: Maraire Maraire Chiwoniso Chiwoniso Maraire Chiwoniso Maraire Maraire Chiwoniso Maraire


texts:
<mask> (February 13, 1942 – February 21, 2019), known professionally as <mask>, was an American musician, composer, and actor who was best known as the keyboardist and bass guitarist of the Monkees and a co-star of the TV series The Monkees (1966–1968). <mask> grew up in Connecticut and in the mid-1960s as part of the Greenwich Village folk scene in New York City, he befriended musician Stephen Stills. After moving to Los Angeles with Stills, he was recruited for the musical television sitcom The Monkees. The success of the show made him a teen idol from 1966 to 1968. He released one solo album, Stranger Things Have Happened (1994), and later toured with James Lee Stanley as well as his band, Shoe Suede Blues. Early life
<mask> was born at the former Doctors Hospital in Washington, D.C., in 1942, though many news articles incorrectly report him as having been born in 1944 in New York City—the date and location listed in early press releases for The Monkees television show. He was the son of Virginia Hope (née Straus) and Halsten John Thorkelson, an economics professor at the University of Connecticut.His paternal grandfather was of Norwegian descent, while his mother was of half German Jewish and half Irish ancestry. <mask> began studying piano at the age of nine, showing an aptitude for music by learning to play several different instruments, including the banjo, acoustic bass, and guitar. He attended Windham High School in Willimantic, Connecticut, and was a member of the first graduating class at E. O. Smith High School in Storrs, Connecticut. He attended Carleton College before he moved to New York City, where

masks:
Peter Halsten Thorkelson
Peter Tork
Tork
Tork
Tork


texts:
 he became part of the folk music scene in Greenwich Village during the first half of the 1960s. While there, he befriended other up-and-coming musicians, such as Stephen Stills. The Monkees

Tork's band the Monkees was a pop band of the mid-1960s created for a television sitcom. <mask> was the oldest member of the band.Stills had auditioned but was rejected because the show's producers felt his hair and teeth were not photogenic. When Stills was asked if he knew of someone with a similar "open, Nordic look", Stills recommended <mask>. <mask> was a proficient musician before he joined the Monkees. Though other members of the band were not allowed to play their instruments on their first two albums, he played what he described as "third chair guitar" on Michael Nesmith's song "Papa Gene's Blues" on their first album. He subsequently played keyboard, bass guitar, banjo, harpsichord, and other instruments on the band's recordings. He co-wrote, along with Joey Richards, the closing theme song of the second season of The Monkees, "For Pete's Sake". On the show, he was relegated to acting as the "lovable dummy", a persona he had developed as a folk singer in Greenwich Village.The DVD release of the first season of the show contains commentary from various band members. In it, Nesmith states that <mask> was better at playing guitar than bass. <mask> commented that Davy Jones was a good drummer, and had the live performance lineups been based solely on playing ability, it should have been him on guitar, Nesmith on bass, and Jones on drums, with Micky Dolenz taking the fronting role (instead of Nesmith on guitar, <mask> on

masks: Tork Tork Tork Tork Tork Tork


texts: bass, and Dolenz on drums). Jones filled in briefly for <mask> on bass when he played keyboard. Recording and producing as a group was <mask>'s main interest, and he hoped that the four members would continue working together as a band on future recordings. However, the four did not have enough in common regarding their musical interests. In his commentary for the DVD release of the second season of the show, Tork said that Dolenz was "incapable of repeating a triumph".Dolenz felt that once he had accomplished something and became a success at it, there was no artistic sense in repeating a formula. In 1967, free from Don Kirshner's restrictions, Tork contributed instrumental flourishes, such as the piano introduction to "Daydream Believer" and the banjo part on "You Told Me", as well as exploring occasional songwriting with the likes of "For Pete's Sake" and "Lady's Baby". Tork was close to his maternal grandmother, Catherine McGuire Straus, staying with her sometimes during his Greenwich Village days and after he became a Monkee. "Grams" was one of his most ardent supporters and managed his fan club, often writing personal letters to members and visiting music stores to make sure they carried Monkees records. Six albums were produced with the original Monkees lineup, four of which reached No. 1 on the Billboard chart. This success was supplemented by two years of the television program, a series of successful concert tours across America and abroad, and a trippy psychedelic movie, Head, which is considered by some to have been ahead of its time.However, tensions, both musical and personal, were increasing within

masks: Tork Tork


texts:
 the group. The band finished a Far East tour in October 1968 (where <mask>'s copy of Naked Lunch was confiscated by Australian Customs) and then filmed an NBC television special, 33⅓ Revolutions per Monkee, which rehashed many of the ideas from Head. No longer getting the group dynamic he wanted, and pleading "exhaustion" from the grueling schedule, Tork bought out the remaining four years of his contract for $160,000, leaving him with little income. In the DVD commentary for the 33⅓ Revolutions per Monkee TV special – originally broadcast April 14, 1969 – Dolenz noted that Nesmith gave Tork a gold watch as a going-away present, with the engraving "From the guys down at work." Jones noted at the time that "<mask>'s soul left us two and a half years ago. He was a banjo player from Greenwich Village who was made into an actor and finally decided that he didn't want to be a Marx Brother forever. His heart was back in the Village, that's all."Dolenz reflected on <mask>'s departure, saying, "Three of us more or less play ourselves in the series. The odd one out is <mask>. Offstage he's a real serious guy who thinks a lot about things like religion and problems in the world. But in the show, he throws off all that and becomes a dumb-but-likable character who is always doing the wrong thing at the wrong time. He kind of moons around with a lovesick expression on his face — not like the real <mask>k at all." Post-Monkees
During a trip to London in December 1967, <mask> contributed banjo to George Harrison's soundtrack to the 1968 film Wonderwall. His playing was featured in the movie, but not on the official Wonderwall

masks:
Tork
Peter
Tork
Peter Tork
Peter Tor
Tork


texts: Music soundtrack album released in November 1968.<mask>'s brief five-string banjo piece can be heard 16 minutes into the film, as Professor Collins is caught by his mother while spying on his neighbor Penny Lane. <mask> went solo with a group called Peter Tork And/Or Release with then-girlfriend Reine Stewart on drums (she had played drums on part of 33⅓ Revolutions Per Monkee), Riley "Wyldflower" Cummings (formerly of the Gentle Soul) on bass and – sometimes – singer/keyboard player Judy Mayhan. Tork said in April 1969, "We sometimes have four. We're thinking of having a rotating fourth. Right now, the fourth is that girl I'm promoting named Judy Mayhan." "We're like <mask>'s backup band", added Stewart, "except we happen to be a group instead of a backup band." Release hoped to have a record out immediately, and Tork said that they did record some demos that he may still have stored away somewhere.According to Stewart, the band was supposed to go to Muscle Shoals as the backing band for Mayhan's Atlantic Records solo album Moments (1970), but they were ultimately replaced. They mainly played parties for their "in" friends, and one of their songs was considered for the soundtrack to Easy Rider, but the producers – who had also produced Head – eventually decided not to include it. The Release could not secure a record contract, and by 1970, <mask> was once again a solo artist. As he later recalled, "I didn't know how to stick to it. I ran out of money and told the band members, 'I can't support us as a crew anymore, you'll just have to find your own way.'" Tork's record and movie production entity, the Breakthrough

masks: Tork Tork Peter Tork


texts:
 Influence Company (BRINCO), also failed to launch, despite such talent as future Little Feat guitarist Lowell George. He sold his house in 1970, and he and a pregnant Reine Stewart moved into the basement of David Crosby's home.<mask> was credited with co-arranging a Dolenz solo single on MGM Records in 1971 ("Easy on You" backed with "Oh Someone"). An arrest and conviction for possession of hashish resulted in three months in an Oklahoma penitentiary in 1972. He moved to Fairfax in Marin County, California, in the early 1970s, where he joined the 35-voice Fairfax Street Choir and played guitar for a shuffle blues band called Osceola. <mask> returned to southern California in the mid-1970s, where he married, had a son, and took a job teaching at Pacific Hills School in West Hollywood for a year and a half. He spent a total of three years as a teacher of music, social studies, math, French and history, and coached baseball at several schools. On July 4, 1976, <mask> joined Dolenz, Jones, Boyce & Hart onstage at Disneyland for a guest appearance during their concert tour. Later that year, he reunited with Jones and Dolenz in the studio for the recording of the single "Christmas Is My Time of Year" backed with "White Christmas", which saw a limited release for fan club members that holiday season.Tork returned to the film world in 2017 in the horror movie I Filmed Your Death, written and directed by Sam Bahre. Sire Records

A chance meeting with Sire Records executive Pat Horgan at the Bottom Line in New York City led to Tork recording a six-song demo, his first recording in many years. Recorded in summer 1980, it

masks: Tork Tork Tork


texts: featured <mask>, who sang and played rhythm guitar, keyboards, and banjo. He was backed by Southern rock band Cottonmouth, led by guitarist/singer/songwriter Johnny Pontiff, featuring Gerard Trahan on guitar, keyboards, and vocals, Gene Pyle on bass guitar and vocals, and Gary Hille on percussion. With George Dispigno as an engineer, Horgan produced the six tracks, which included two Monkees covers, "Shades of Gray" and "Pleasant Valley Sunday". The four other tracks were "Good Looker", "Since You Went Away" (which appeared on the Monkees' 1987 album Pool It! ), "Higher and Higher", and "Hi Hi Babe".Also present at the sessions were Joan Jett, Chrissie Hynde, and Tommy Ramone. The tracks were recorded at Blue Horizon House at 165 West 74th Street, home of Sire Records, but Seymour Stein, president of Sire, rejected the demo, stating "there's nothing there". Tork recorded the second set of demos in New York City, but little is known about these recordings, other than one track was another version of "Pleasant Valley Sunday" featuring an unknown rock band and a violin solo. During this time, Tork appeared regularly on The Uncle Floyd Show, broadcast on U-68 out of New Jersey. He performed comedy bits and lip-synced the Sire recordings. Floyd claimed Tork was the "first real star" to appear on the show. (Later, Davy Jones, the Ramones, Shrapnel, and others would follow in his footsteps.)In 1981, Tork released the single "(I'm Not Your) Steppin' Stone" (backed with "Higher and Higher") with the New Monks. He also did some club performances and live television appearances, including taking part in a "Win a Date With


texts:
 <mask> Tork" bit on Late Night with David Letterman in July 1982. Monkees reunions, other bands, and activities

In 1986, after a 1985 tour with Jones in Australia, <mask> rejoined fellow Monkees Jones and Dolenz for a highly successful 20th-anniversary reunion tour (Nesmith was not available for a reunion). <mask> and Dolenz recorded three new songs for a greatest hits release. The three Monkees recorded Pool It! the following year. A decade later, all four group members recorded Justus, the first studio album with the full group lineup since 1968; it would be another 19 years until that happened again, with the release of Good Times!.The quartet performed live in the United Kingdom in 1997, but for several years following, only the trio of <mask>, Dolenz, and Jones toured together. The trio of Monkees parted ways in 2001 following a public feud, then reunited in 2011 for a series of 45th-anniversary concerts in England and the United States. Since 1986, <mask> had intermittently toured with his former bandmates and also played with his bands, the Peter Tork Project and Shoe Suede Blues. In 1991, he formed a band called the Dashboard Saints and played at a pizza restaurant in Guerneville, California. In 1994, he released his first album-length solo project, Stranger Things Have Happened, which featured brief appearances by Dolenz and Nesmith. In 1996, he collaborated on an album called Two Man Band with James Lee Stanley. The duo followed up in 2001 with a second release, Once Again.In 2001, <mask> took time out from touring to appear in a leading role in the short film Mixed Signals, written and directed by John

masks: Peter Tork Tork Tork Tork Tork


texts: Graziano. In 2002, <mask> resumed working with his band Shoe Suede Blues. The band performed original blues music, Monkees' covers (including blues versions), covers of classic blues hits by greats such as Muddy Waters, and shared the stage with bands such as Captain Zig. The band toured extensively in 2006-2007 following the release of the album Cambria Hotel. <mask> also had a pair of appearances in the role of Topanga Lawrence's father Jedidiah Lawrence on the sitcom Boy Meets World. In his second appearance in 1995, he joined Jones and  Dolenz in Season 3, Episode 8 ("Rave On"), although they did not appear as the Monkees. <mask> was again cast as Jedidiah Lawrence, while Jones was Reginald Fairfield, and Dolenz's character was Gordy.At the program's climax, the three took the stage together to perform the Buddy Holly song "Not Fade Away" and the Temptations' "My Girl." As an inside joke, actor Dave Madden (best known as band manager Reuben Kincaid on The Partridge Family), cameoed as a manager who appeared, wanting to manage the "new" group, telling them that they "could be bigger than the Beatles." Purportedly, both Nesmith and Pattie Boyd (former wife of Beatle George Harrison) attended the taping. <mask> was also a guest character on 7th Heaven. In 1995, he appeared as himself on the show Wings, bidding against Crystal Bernard's character for the Monkeemobile. In 1999, he appeared as the leader of a wedding band in The King of Queens in Season 1, Episode 13 ("Best Man"). In early 2008, Tork wrote an online advice and info column called "Ask Peter Tork" for the webzine The Daily Panic.In 2011, he joined

masks: Tork Tork Tork Tork


texts:
 Dolenz and Jones for An Evening with The Monkees: The 45th Anniversary Tour in 2011. In 2012, <mask> joined Dolenz and Nesmith on a Monkees tour in honor of the 45th anniversary of their album Headquarters, as well as in tribute to the late Jones. The trio would tour again in 2013 and 2014. In 2016, <mask> toured with Dolenz as the Monkees, in what would be his final tour before his death in 2019. Nesmith also played at some of the concerts. Personal life
In later life, <mask> resided in Mansfield, Connecticut. He was married four times, with marriages to Jody Babb, Reine Stewart, and Barbara Iannoli, all ending in divorce.From 2014 until his death, he was married to Pamela Grapes. He had three children: a daughter, Hallie, with Stewart; a son, Ivan, with Iannoli; and another daughter, Erica, from a previous relationship with Tammy Sestak. Illness and death
On March 3, 2009, Tork reported on his website that he had been diagnosed with adenoid cystic carcinoma, a rare, slow-growing form of head and neck cancer. A preliminary biopsy showed that cancer had not spread beyond the initial site. "It's a bad news / good news situation," explained Tork. "It's so rare a combination (on the tongue) that there isn't a lot of experience among the medical community about this particular combination. On the other hand, the type of cancer it is, never mind the location, is somewhat well known, and the prognosis, I'm told, is good."Tork underwent radiation therapy to prevent the cancer from returning. On March 4, 2009, Tork underwent surgery in New York City. On June 11, 2009, a spokesman for <mask> reported that his cancer had


texts:
 returned. Tork was reportedly "shaken but not stirred" by the news and said that the doctors had given him an 80% chance of containing and shrinking the new tumor. In July 2009, while undergoing radiation therapy, he was interviewed by The Washington Post: "I recovered very quickly after my surgery, and I've been hoping that my better-than-average constitution will keep the worst effects of radiation at bay. My voice and energy still seem to be in decent shape, so maybe I can pull these gigs off after all." He continued to tour and perform while receiving his treatments.<mask> documented his cancer experience on Facebook and encouraged his fans to support research efforts of the Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Research Foundation. His cancer returned in 2018, and he died at his home in Mansfield, Connecticut on February 21, 2019, a decade after his diagnosis. Nesmith made the following statement:

Nesmith later commented on his often difficult relationship with <mask>. "I never liked <mask>, he never liked me. So we had an uneasy truce between the two of us. As clear as I could tell, among his peers he was very well liked. But we rarely had a civil word to say to each other", Nesmith admitted.When he learned of Tork's death, "I broke into tears. What are you going to do?" Dolenz expressed his grief via Twitter, saying "There are no words right now...heartbroken over the loss of my Monkee brother, <mask>k." Filmography

Film

Television

Song list
Songs written or co-written by Tork include the following:

With the Monkees
 "Band 6" (with Micky Dolenz, Davy Jones, Michael Nesmith)
 "For Pete's Sake" (with Joey Richards)

masks:
Tork
Tork
Peter
Peter Tor


texts:
 "Zilch" (with Micky Dolenz, Davy Jones, Michael Nesmith)
 "No Time" (with Micky Dolenz, Davy Jones, Michael Nesmith); credited to Hank Cicalo
 "<mask> Patterson's Pet Pig Porky"
 "Goin' Down" (with Micky Dolenz, Davy Jones, Michael Nesmith, Diane Hildebrand)
 "Can You Dig It?" "Long Title: Do I Have To Do This All Over Again?”
 "Lady's Baby"
 "Tear the Top Right Off My Head"
 "Gettin' In"
 "Merry Go Round" (with Diane Hildebrand)
 "Run Away From Life"
 "I Believe You"
 "Mister Bob" (Micky Dolenz, Davy Jones, Michael Nesmith, <mask>, Eric Van Den Brink), on the album Nick Vernier Band Sessions
 "Little Girl"

with James Lee Stanley
 "Hi Babe"
 "Easy Rider"

with Shoe Suede Blues
 "Ain't Your Fault"

Solo
 "Get What You Pay For"
 "Sea Change (Take Me Down)”
 "Miracle"
 "Tender Is"
 "God Given Grant" (with Tork's brother, Nick Thorkelson)

Discography
Solo:
 Stranger Things Have Happened (1994)

With the Monkees:

 The Monkees (1966)
 More of the Monkees (1967)
 Headquarters (1967)
 Pisces, Aquarius, Capricorn & Jones Ltd. (1967)
 The Birds, The Bees & The Monkees (1968)
 Head (1968)
 Pool It! (1987)
 Justus (1996)
 Good Times! (2016)
 Christmas Party (2018)

With James Lee Stanley:
 Two Man Band (1996)
 Once Again (2001)
 Live/Backstage at the Coffee Gallery (2006)

With Shoe Suede Blues:
 Saved by the Blues (2003)
 Cambria Hotel (2007)
 Step By Step (2013)
 Relax Your Mind: Honoring the Music of Lead Belly (2018)

References

External links

 Peter Tork interview from The Zone Magazine February 2008
 Ask Peter Tork
 Peter Tork Interview NAMM Oral History Library (2009)

1942 births
2019 deaths
American

masks:
Peter Percival
Peter Tork


texts:
 banjoists
American keyboardists
American male bass guitarists
American male film actors
American male guitarists
American male pianists
American male singer-songwriters
American multi-instrumentalists
American rock bass guitarists
American rock guitarists
American rock songwriters
American rock singers
American people convicted of drug offenses
American people of Norwegian descent
American people of German-Jewish descent
American male television actors
Carleton College alumni
Deaths from adenoid cystic carcinoma
Deaths from cancer in Connecticut
Guitarists from Washington, D.C.The Monkees members
People from Fairfax, California
People from Willimantic, Connecticut
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American pianists
Singer-songwriters from Connecticut
Singer-songwriters from Washington, D.C.
Singer-songwriters from


texts:
<mask>, OBE was a former Fiji Indian politician who was a judge of the High Court of Fiji. In his political career he was known as a fearless person who was never afraid to speak out on issues that he believed affected his electorate. After retiring from politics, he was made a judge of the Supreme Court (pre 1987 coup) of Fiji and during the tumultuous times between the coups of May and September 1987 he continued to deliver verdicts which maintained the independence of the judiciary. He was forced to leave Fiji in late 1987 but returned in 2001 to be reappointed a judge of the High Court, and in his decisions has shown himself to have taken into consideration the social impact before passing judgement. Early life
<mask> was born in Nausori but grew up in Ba where his father was a school teacher. He attended Lelean Memorial School, a Methodist Church run school in Nausori. After completing his secondary education, he went overseas to study law.He returned to Fiji, and after a short stint as a teacher, set up his law practice of Govind & Company in Ba town. Politician
In 1968, when by-elections were held to fill vacancies created by the boycott of the Legislature by members of the National Federation Party (NFP) from the Legislative Council, he contested the Ba Indian Communal Constituency for the Alliance Party against R. D. Patel of the NFP. Although he lost by a greater margin than his Alliance predecessor in the last two elections (James Shankar Singh), the election established him as a well known Ba identity and in 1969 he was elected the Mayor of Ba town. He was mayor for two terms. In the 1972 general election, he contested the North Central Indian National Seat (located in Ba)

masks:
Kishore Nand Govind
Govind


texts:
 for the House of Representatives, and surprised his detractors by winning with a comfortable margin in a constituency with a large Indian population where the Indian dominated NFP was expected to do well. In Parliament he spoke out on issues affecting his constituents. He was the first Indian member of the House to make use of the privilege to speak in Hindi.(There was no interpreter and he translated his own speech into English). In 1975 when the leader of the Fijian Nationalist Party, Sakeasi Butadroka, moved a motion calling for the expulsion of the Indian community from Fiji, <mask> first seconded the motion (so that debate could take place) then moved an amendment which recognised the contribution of the Indian community towards the development of Fiji. He lost his seat in Parliament in the March 1977 elections and retired from politics. Judge of Supreme Court of Fiji
In the early 1980s he was appointed a judge of the Supreme Court of Fiji and soon distinguished himself by handing out judgements which showed his understanding of the social and cultural background of the defendants. After the coup of May 1987, he fled Fiji because of harassment by the military government of Sitiveni Rabuka. Before he fled Fiji he continued to deliver judgements that were seen as fair and impartial and often critical of the government. When the second coup of 1987 took place on 25 September Govind, with another outspoken expatriate judge was imprisoned on what were later proven to be trumped up charges.He fled Fiji because he was forewarned that he was to be jailed for a longer period. In Australia
To escape political persecution, he left Fiji for Australia in late 1987. He practised law in Sydney


texts:
 for a while before joining the New South Wales Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions. He was a junior in the ranks of the organisation. With a new constitution and fairer political climate in Fiji, he resigned his position on 31 January 2001 and returned to Fiji. Judge of High Court of Fiji
<mask> was re-appointed as a judge of the High Court of the Republic of Fiji and continued his unique style of delivering judgements. In November 2002 <mask> said that there is nothing revolutionary in offering discounts in sentencing to criminals who plead guilty.<mask> <mask> made headlines when he told lawyers that there could be up to 25 percent discount in sentencing if their clients pleaded guilty. He said guilty pleas have been attracting lesser sentences already but he thought he would spell it out and make it generally known. <mask> said that there are a number of reasons why he thought the discounting was a good move. “It saves a complainant or a victim in cases like violence or rape the trauma of going to trial to giving evidence. Secondly, it saves the state a lot of expense, calling witnesses, wastage of court time. So there are a lot of pluses attendant upon a plea of guilty and I think any person who pleads guilty should be rewarded for it." His rulings show liberal ideas of tackling drug problems.He criticised a magistrate for not granting a defendant, charged with possessing 59 grams of marijuana, bail and discharged on the condition that he not reoffend within 12 months because he was a single parent and looking after his six children, all of whom were in school. He said that "While many know the evil and social destruction the marijuana habits can do, the circumstances of

masks:
Govind
Justice Govind
Justice Kishore
Govind
Justice Govind


texts:
 this case invites the leniency of the court". <mask> gave him a last chance saying he must rehabilitate himself and educate others not to take marijuana. "Go back and tell others how dangerous marijuana was and discourage them from smoking." He said that smoking marijuana was not a way to relieve pressure, and also told him that he was not showing a good example to his children. In another case he also discharged a man found in possession of 50 grams of marijuana. He said that he was still young and had a long life ahead of him and his employer would not see the marijuana but a conviction next to his name.He said that a conviction was disproportionate to his mitigation, where he said that he was living with his elderly parents and was supporting them as well. "So I have wiped your slate clean because your employer will look at the convictions of drugs and not see the amount at all. I have given you a chance but don't abuse it and don't come back here. Go and educate your colleagues and friends of the evils of these drugs because it can destroy the whole country." Supporter of football
Govind was a passionate supporter of the Ba football team. He was a member of the executive of the Ba Football Association and his legacy to football in Ba is the naming of the home ground of the team after him i.e. Govind Park.Later life
He migrated to Australia and died in Sydney on 9 August 2020. References

Indian members of the House of Representatives (Fiji)
Alliance Party (Fiji) politicians
Fijian judges
Fijian Hindus
2020 deaths
People educated at Lelean Memorial School
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Supreme Court of Fiji justices
Politicians from Ba (town)
Year of birth


texts:
Artabazos (; fl. 480 BC - 455 BC) was a Persian general in the army of Xerxes I, and later satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia (now northwest Turkey) under the Achaemenid dynasty, founder of the Pharnacid dynasty of satraps. He was the son of Pharnaces, who was the younger brother of Hystaspes, father of <mask>. Artabazos was therefore a first cousin of the great Achaemenid ruler <mask>. General in the Second Persian invasion of Greece

Artabazus was one of the generals of Xerxes in the 480 BC Second Persian invasion of Greece, in command of the Parthians and the Chorasmians in the Achaemenid army. He was particularly in charge of the reserve forces guarding the route back to Asia, and responsible for suppressing a revolt in Potidaea. The invasion ended the following year with the Commander in Chief Mardonius, ignoring advice from Artabazus and others, meeting the Greeks in pitched battle at  the Battle of Plataea and being defeated (479 BC). The Greeks followed up their victory by sailing to Ionia, where they destroyed the garrisoning forces under Tigranes at Mycale in the same year.Artabazus, however, had refrained from engaging his troops at the Battle of Plataea, and thus managed to lead the remnant portion of a greatly reduced Achaemenid army out of Greece and back to Ionia. According to Herodotus and Plutarch this force consisted of 40,000 men. Herodotus claims that in Thessaly he did not reveal the defeat as he would have been attacked, but claimed he needed to go to Thrace on a special mission. He was able to return to Persian territory despite losing men in attacks in Thrace. Satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia

As a reward, Artabazus was made satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia. He was already preceded in this role by several Achaemenid satraps: the

masks:
Darius I
Darius I


texts:
 first Achaemenid ruler of Hellespontine Phrygia had been Mitrobates (ca. 525–522 BC), who was appointed by Cyrus the Great and continued under Cambises.He was killed and his territory absorbed by the satrap of neighbouring Lydia, Oroetes. Following the reorganization of Darius I, Mitrobates was succeeded by Oebares II (c.493), son of Megabazus. Artabazus was named satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia in 479 BC. He was the first official satrap of the Pharnacid dynasty, named after his illustrious father Pharnaces. This office was passed down to his descendants, down to the conquests of Alexander the Great. Egypt and Cyprus campaigns

Artabazos, together with Megabyzus, then satrap of Syria, had command of the Persian armies sent to put down the revolt of <mask>s in Egypt. They arrived in 456 BC, and within two years had put down the revolt, capturing <mask>s and various Athenians supporting him.They then turned their attention to Cyprus, which was under attack by the Athenians, led by Cimon. Shortly afterwards hostilities between Persia and Athens ceased, called the peace of Callias. Origin of the Egyptian campaign
When Xerxes I was assassinated in 465 BC, he was succeeded by his son Artaxerxes I, but several parts of the Achaemenid empire soon revolted, foremost of which were Bactria and Egypt. The Egyptian <mask>arus defeated the Persian satrap of Egypt Achaemenes, a brother of Artaxerxes, and took control of Lower Egypt. He contacted the Greeks, who were also officially still at war with Persia, and in 460 BC, Athens sent an expeditionary force of 200 ships and 6000 heavy infantry to support <mask>s. The Egyptian and Athenian troops defeated the local Persian troops of Egypt, and captured the city of Memphis, except for the Persian citadel which they

masks: Inaru Inaru In Inaru


texts:
 besieged for several years. Siege of Memphis (459-455 BC)

The Athenians and Egyptians had settled down to besiege the local Persian troops in Egypt, at the White Castle.The siege evidently did not progress well, and probably lasted for at least four years, since Thucydides says that their whole expedition lasted 6 years, and of this time the final 18 months was occupied with the Siege of Prosoptis. According to Thucydides, at first Artaxerxes sent Megabazus to try and bribe the Spartans into invading Attica, to draw off the Athenian forces from Egypt. When this failed, he instead assembled a large army under Megabyzus, and dispatched it to Egypt. Diodorus has more or less the same story, with more detail; after the attempt at bribery failed, Artaxerxes put Megabyzus and Artabazus in charge of 300,000 men, with instructions to quell the revolt. They went first from Persia to Cilicia and gathered a fleet of 300 triremes from the Cilicians, Phoenicians and Cypriots, and spent a year training their men. Then they finally headed to Egypt. Modern estimates, however, place the number of Persian troops at the considerably lower figure of 25,000 men given that it would have been highly impractical to deprive the already strained satrapies of any more man power than that.Thucydides does not mention Artabazus, who is reported by Herodotus to have taken part in the second Persian invasion; Diodorus may be mistaken about his presence in this campaign. It is clearly possible that the Persian forces did spend some prolonged time in training, since it took four years for them to respond to the Egyptian victory at Papremis. Although neither author gives many details, it is clear that when Megabyzus finally arrived in Egypt, he was able to quickly lift the Siege


texts:
 of Memphis, defeating the Egyptians in battle, and driving the Athenians from Memphis. Siege of Prosopitis (455 BC)
The Athenians now fell back to the island of Prosopitis in the Nile delta, where their ships were moored. There, Megabyzus laid siege to them for 18 months, until finally he was able to drain the river from around the island by digging canals, thus "joining the island to the mainland". In Thucydides's account the Persians then crossed over to the former island, and captured it. Only a few of the Athenian force, marching through Libya to Cyrene survived to return to Athens.In Diodorus's version, however, the draining of the river prompted the Egyptians (whom Thucydides does not mention) to defect and surrender to the Persians. The Persians, not wanting to sustain heavy casualties in attacking the Athenians, instead allowed them to depart freely to Cyrene, whence they returned to Athens. Since the defeat of the Egyptian expedition caused a genuine panic in Athens, including the relocation of the Delian treasury to Athens, Thucydides's version is probably more likely to be correct. Succession
He was succeeded by his son, Pharnabazus <mask> (fl. 455 BC - 430 BC), of whom little is known, and then by his grandson Pharnaces <mask> of Phrygia (fl. 430 BC - 413 BC), who is known to have been satrap at the outset of the Peloponnesian War. Pharnaces was in turn succeeded by his son, Pharnabazus <mask> (fl.413 BC - 373 BC), who is well known for his rivalry with Tissaphernes and wars against the Spartans. See also
Pharnacid Dynasty

Notes

5th-century BC rulers
Persian people of the Greco-Persian Wars
Ancient Chalcidice
Achaemenid satraps of Hellespontine Phrygia
Military leaders of the Achaemenid Empire
Pharnacid dynasty
5th-century BC Iranian

masks: I II II


texts:
<mask> (born 20 October 1950) is an Australian paedophile, serial child molester and manslaughterer who was imprisoned on 60 charges of child sexual abuse in 1996. He received an additional sentence in 2002 for the manslaughter of 9 year-old Sydney girl Samantha Knight, who disappeared from Bondi, New South Wales in 1986. He was released from prison on 5 September, 2019, under strict conditions and an extended supervision order. Early life
<mask> was born in the city of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. He and his mother moved to Sydney in 1952. His mother had an unstable relationship with an army cook who was an alcoholic. A younger brother, Tim, was born in 1953.The two boys spent time at Melrose Boys Home because their mother was unstable and unable to look after them. Guider later told prison psychologists that he was sexually abused by his mother, and later at the boys' home. In the 1970s, Guider was charged with various offences after setting fire to a shop owned by a woman he had had a relationship with. Guider had worked as a gardener at the Royal North Shore Hospital, and over the years had developed a keen interest in Aboriginal culture and sites around Sydney. He had earned some respect as an amateur expert on the subject and his material had been used and acknowledged in at least one published book. Imprisonment
Guider was arrested in December 1995, after he had fondled two 7-year-old girls. One of the girls told her mother, who went to the police.In 1996, he was sentenced to 16 years' imprisonment with a non-parole period of 10 years on no less than sixty charges against eleven children. His usual modus operandi had been to babysit the children of women

masks:
Michael Anthony Guider
Michael Guider


texts:
 he knew and sedate them with the sleeping drug Temazepam. He would then molest and photograph them while they were asleep. He received a fixed term of six years and six months' imprisonment in 1999 for 11 further charges against two other children, with the judge ordering that six months of the sentence be served cumulatively. Guider was placed in conditions of strict protection in Goulburn prison. In spite of this, he was bashed savagely on two occasions. He was admitted to the prison hospital with fractures to his right leg and hand, plus numerous abrasions.One of his ears was almost torn off. Taking time served in pre-sentence custody into account, Guider was eligible for parole in June 2014. On that occasion, his request for parole was denied, with the result that he still had approximately five years to serve. Samantha Knight

Samantha Terese Knight was born Samantha Terese O'Meagher on the 25 March 1977. She lived at Manly with her parents, Tess Knight and Peter O'Meagher, but they divorced at an early stage. Knight then lived with her mother in Bronte. By 1986, they were living in a block of flats in Imperial Avenue, Bondi.She went missing on 19 August 1986. Despite an intensive campaign, in which posters of her were displayed all over New South Wales, she was never found. Guider eventually attracted the attention of police who were investigating the disappearance of Knight, partly because of pressure from Denise Hofman (co-author of Forever Nine), who had worked with Guider on Aboriginal sites around Sydney. Freelance journalist Di Michel, who had introduced Hofman to Guider, had told Hofman how Guider had talked about Knight in a way that had sounded odd


texts: and obsessive, arousing her suspicions. Michel, however, was reluctant to go to the police because she felt she would be informing on a friend. Hofman, therefore, decided she would have to go to the police herself with this information. She duly passed the information on to a detective at Castle Hill police station.Questioned by police, Guider initially told them that he had only met Knight a couple of times over the years, but it eventually turned out that he had molested her and two other girls at a house in Raglan Street, Manly, a number of times during 1984 and 1985. After a lengthy investigation, Guider was charged with Knight's murder on 22 February 2001. On 7 June 2001, he pleaded guilty to the manslaughter of Knight. He claimed that he had drugged her the way he had always drugged his victims, and claimed he had accidentally given her a fatal overdose, saying she regained consciousness and he then gave her a second dose because he did not want her to recognise him. On 28 August 2002, Guider was sentenced to 17 years' imprisonment with a non-parole period of 12 years for manslaughter, to be served cumulatively with his sentence for the child sex offences. Knight's body has never been found; Guider showed no remorse, and said he could not remember what he did with her body. Guider's statements about Knight over the years were contradictory.Initially he said he could remember nothing about what he did with her. Later he said he had buried her in Cooper Park, in the Sydney suburb of Bellevue Hill, but had dug her up later and put her in a skip at the Royal Sydney Yacht Squadron, Kirribilli, where he had worked as a gardener at the time. In March 2003, he told


texts:
 police he had buried Knight in the grounds of the Royal Sydney Yacht Squadron. On 15 May, a dig took place there but nothing was found, in spite of a police sniffer dog reacting positively to soil from the site. The dog's handler said the reaction was as positive as the dogs were capable of showing, and was surprised that nothing was found. He was as sure as he could be that a body had been there. Police believed that Guider had been telling the truth at last, but thought Knight's remains may have been removed accidentally during the construction of a car park eighteen months after Guider buried her at the site, or that Guider himself may have removed them when he heard the site was going to be dug up.Renee Aitken
Renee Aitken was abducted from her home at Narooma, on the south coast of New South Wales, in February 1984. She was five years old. The chief suspect was Brian James Fitzpatrick, who had done time in prison for indecent assault. Fitzpatrick died in a car crash just weeks before he was due to appear at an inquest into Aitken's death. By 2006, Hofman suspected that <mask> may have been involved in Aitken's disappearance. At the time, Guider was working just two hour's drive from Narooma, in a Canberra suburb. His mug shot was identified by a member of the Aitken family and an important witness in the case.He had clippings about Aitken in his scrapbook on missing children, and these clippings came from local papers in Narooma, which implied that he had been in the area. However, police considered that there was insufficient evidence to make it worth following up on Hofman's theory. Hofman drew the attention of police to a sketch by Guider, which depicted


texts:
 a girl with a strong resemblance to Aitken. Police viewed the sketch but there were no further developments. Authorship
While in prison, Guider continued to pursue his interest in Aboriginal culture and history, writing a number of booklets on the subject. These booklets were sent to various councils in Sydney and held in various local libraries, as well as the State Library of New South Wales. He produced something like sixteen booklets, varying in length from six pages to twenty-eight.He also commenced study of archeology and attained a degree in this field. Parole and release
Guider was eligible for parole in June 2014, when his minimum term of eighteen years and three months was up, but it was rejected by the State Parole Authority. There were several reasons for this, including "a need for structured post-release plans." Parole was reviewed in April 2017, but denied. He was then due for review in April 2018. In February 2019, it was reported that Guider was legally due for release in June 2019, but the Attorney General of New South Wales was trying to keep him behind bars. The Government had applied for Guider to be incarcerated for another year.Knight's mother, Tess Knight, said she wanted Guider to be imprisoned forever, adding that he was one of the most dangerous criminals in New South Wales. On May 27 2019, the government applied to the Supreme Court of New South Wales to have Guider kept in prison for the extra year, followed by a five-year extended supervision order. The court was due to rule on whether to place Guider on an interim detention order or an interim supervision order until a final hearing, expected to be held in August. Guider's lawyer


texts: said his client had been a model prisoner and had been allowed twenty day-leaves in the community, during which he was escorted by a chaplain. He said that if Guider were released into the community, he would stay in a halfway house attached to Long Bay Prison, and would abide by fifty-six conditions that would be "stricter than any parole." On June 4, the Supreme Court imposed an interim detention order that would keep Guider in prison for another twenty-eight days, during which time he would be seen by a psychiatrist and a psychologist. On 20 August, Justice Richard Button ruled that he would decide by 5 September whether Guider should be kept in prison.The Attorney-General, Mark Speakman, was seeking to keep Guider in prison for a further twelve months, with supervision for five years after his release. Guider's lawyer again argued that, if released, his client could stay in a halfway house near Long Bay Prison, with 56 conditions that would be stricter than parole. The court heard that Guider had completed fifty-five therapeutic maintenance programs while in prison. The Crown Prosecutor said Guider had declined to take drugs to reduce his sex drive because he thought they might interfere with his heart medication. On 3 September, the judge ruled that Guider could go free, subject to a large number of restrictions. The Attorney-General was seeking advice on whether it was possible to keep Guider in longer, but he was released on 5 September, subject to a five-year supervision order. His release received saturation media coverage.Before being released, he was fitted with a Buddi Insight Smart Tag. When released, Guider had a large tumour in his groin. He had


texts:
 refused to have it treated in prison because he did not trust the prison medical staff. He was expected to have the tumour examined after his release. He was also taking medication for a heart condition. While in prison, he had declined to take drugs to reduce his sex urge because he believed they would interfere with the heart medication. After release, he was kept for some time in the abovementioned halfway house near Long Bay, and was then moved to an undisclosed location.<mask>
<mask>'s younger brother, <mask>, was in Melrose Boys Home along with his brother until the latter left when he turned 15. After leaving Melrose himself, he had a checkered life that included a number of bank robberies and several years in prison. Later, he found success as a painter and sculptor, as well as having a son. In 2020, he published Good Brother Bad Brother, the story of the two brothers over the years, as well as the disappearance of Knight. In the book, he theorises that she was buried by his brother in a particular grave at Gore Hill Cemetery, in the Sydney suburb of St Leonards. He also analyses the circumstances around Knight's death, and concludes it could not have been accidental. He describes his conclusions in a podcast at findsamantha.com, along with a map of the cemetery showing where he believes she was buried.At the time of writing, his belief that she was buried at Gore Hill Cemetery had not been tested by examination of the gravesite. Gallery

Bibliography
 <mask>, Tim (2020). Good Brother Bad Brother. Tim Guider. News articles
 The Glebe, 13 July 1994
 Daily Telegraph, 29 Sep 1996
 Daily Telegraph, 1 Oct 1996
 Sydney Morning Herald, 4 Aug 1999
 Daily

masks:
Tim Guider
Guider
Tim Guider
Guider


texts:
 Telegraph, 22 Feb 2001
 Daily Telegraph, 23rd Feb 2001
 Sydney Morning Herald, 23 Feb 2001
 Daily Telegraph, 25 Feb 2001
 Daily Telegraph, 9 Apr 2002
 Daily Telegraph, 10 Apr 2002
 Daily Telegraph, 19 Apr 2002
 Daily Telegraph, 27 Apr 2002
 Sydney Morning Herald, 8 Jun 2002
 Daily Telegraph, 29 Aug 2002
 Sydney Morning Herald, 29 Aug 2002
 The Sun-Herald, 26 Nov 2006

See also
Timeline of major crimes in Australia

References

External links

 Samantha Knight at australianmissingpersonsregister.com
 Renee Aitken at australianmissingpersonsregister.com
 Tess Knight on <mask>r
 <mask>r Info and Photos
 Tim Guider page
 <mask> and Renee Aitken

1950 births
Living people
Criminals from Melbourne
Australian people convicted of manslaughter
Australian people convicted of child sexual abuse
Prisoners and detainees of New South Wales
Manslaughter

masks:
Michael Guide
Michael Guide
Michael Guider


texts:
<mask>-Joseph-<mask>, 1st Duke of Taranto (17 November 176525 September 1840), was a Marshal of the Empire and military leader during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Family background
<mask> was born in Sedan, Ardennes, France. His father, Neil MacEachen, later MacDonald, came from a Jacobite family from Howbeg in South Uist, in the West of Scotland. He was a close relative of Flora MacDonald, who played a key role in the escape of Prince Charles Edward Stuart after the failure of the 1745 Rising. Military life
In 1784, <mask> joined the Irish Legion, raised to support the revolutionary party in the Dutch Republic against the Kingdom of Prussia and was made lieutenant on 1 April 1785. After it was disbanded, he received a commission in Dillon's Regiment. At the start of the French Revolution, the regiment of Dillon remained loyal to the King, except for <mask>, who was in love with Mlle Jacob, whose father was an enthusiastic revolutionary.After his marriage on May 5, 1791, on 17 August 1792, he was promoted to captain, and on 29 August 1792 he was appointed aide-de-camp to General Charles François Dumouriez. He distinguished himself at the Battle of Jemappes, and was promoted to lieutenant colonel on 12 November 1792 and then colonel on 8 March 1793. He refused to desert to the Austrians with Dumouriez and as a reward was made général de brigade on 26 August 1793 and appointed to command the leading brigade in Pichegru's invasion of the Netherlands. His knowledge of the country proved useful, and he was instrumental in the capture of the Dutch fleet by French hussars in January 1795. In 1797, having been made général de division back in November 1794, he now served first in the Army of the Rhine and later in

masks: Étienne Jacques Joseph Alexandre Macdonald


texts: the Army of Italy as of 24 April 1798. When he reached Italy in 1798, the Treaty of Campo Formio had been signed on 18 October 1797, and Bonaparte had returned to France; but, under the direction of Berthier, <mask> occupied Rome in the 1798-1799 Roman Republic, of which he was made governor on 19 November 1798, and then in conjunction with Championnet he defeated General Mack at the Battle of Ferentino, the Battle of Otricoli, the 5 December 1798 Battle of Civita Castellana, and two military affairs, first at Calvi Risorta and then on 3 January 1799 at Capua, and then by 10 January 1799, he had resigned his Office due to disagreements with Championnet. However, despite any differences, the men managed to conquer the 1282-1799 Kingdom of Naples, which then became known as the Parthenopaean Republic.Russian General Suvorov invaded northern Italy in March 1799 with an Austro-Russian army, and was undoing the conquests of Bonaparte and defeated Moreau at Cassano and San Giuliano. In response <mask> moved northwards in command of the Armée de Naples. With 36,000 men, he attacked Suvorov's 22,000 men at the Trebbia. After three days' fighting, receiving no help from Moreau, he was utterly defeated and retreated to Genoa. Later, he was made governor of Versailles and acquiesced, even if he did not participate, in the events of the 18 Brumaire. In 1800, he received command of the army in the Helvetic Republic, maintaining communications between the armies of Germany and of Italy. He carried out his orders diligently, and in the winter of 1800–01, he was ordered to march over the Splügen Pass at the head of the Army of the Grisons.This achievement is described by Mathieu Dumas, his chief of staff. It is sometimes considered as

masks: Macdonald Macdonald


texts:
 noteworthy as Bonaparte's passage of the St Bernard before the Battle of Marengo, although <mask> did not fight a battle. On his return to Paris, <mask> married the widow of General Joubert, and was appointed French ambassador to Denmark. Returning in 1805, he was associated with Moreau and thus incurred the dislike of Napoleon, who did not include him in his first creation of marshals. It was for the same reason that Napoleon did not give him a military command between 1803 and 1809. Under Napoleon

He remained without employment until 1809, but then Napoleon made him military adviser to Prince Eugène de Beauharnais, viceroy of the Kingdom of Italy and the commander of the Army of Italy. After meeting an unexpected defeat at Aspern-Essling, Napoleon summoned Eugène's army north to join him, with <mask> in tow.On the second day of Wagram, amid great pressure along the entire front, Napoleon ordered <mask> to launch a desperate counterattack on the enemy centre. <mask> promptly organised a gigantic three-sided open-backed infantry square, covered by Nansouty's cavalry, and hurled it against the Austrian lines. Despite sustaining terrible casualties from the Austrian artillery, this bold attack broke the Austrian centre and won the day. After the battle, having rushed to find him on the corpse-strewn battlefield, Napoleon told <mask>, "You have behaved valiantly...On the battlefield of your glory, where I owe you so large a part of yesterday's success, I make you a Marshal of France. You have long deserved it." Additionally, Napoleon soon after ennobled him Duke of Taranto in the Kingdom of Naples. In 1810, <mask> served in Spain and in 1812, he commanded the left wing of the Grande Armée for the invasion of Russia.He was

masks: Macdonald Macdonald Macdonald Macdonald Macdonald Macdonald Macdonald


texts:
 sent to the north but did not succeed in occupying Riga. In 1813, after participating in the battles of Lützen and Bautzen, he was ordered to invade Silesia, where Blücher defeated him with great loss at Katzbach. At the Battle of Nations in 1813, his force was pushed out at  Liebertwolkwitz by Johann von Klenau's IV Corps (Austrian); on a counterattack, his troops took the village back. Later that day, Klenau foiled his attempt to flank the Austrian main army, commanded by Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg. After the Battle of Leipzig, he was ordered to cover the evacuation of Leipzig with Prince Poniatowski. After the blowing up of the last bridge over the river, he managed to swim the Elster, but Poniatowski drowned. During the defensive campaign of 1814, <mask> again distinguished himself.He was one of the marshals sent by Napoleon to take the notice of his abdication to Paris. When all were deserting Napoleon, <mask> remained faithful. He was directed by Napoleon to give his adherence to the new régime, and was presented with the sabre of Murad Bey for his fidelity. Under the Bourbons

At the Restoration, he was made a peer of France and knight grand cross of the royal order of St. Louis; he remained faithful to the new order during the Hundred Days. In 1815, he became chancellor of the Legion of Honour, a post he held till 1831. In 1816, as major-general of the royal bodyguard, he took part in the debates of the Chamber of Peers, created under the Charter of 1814, voting consistently as a moderate Liberal. From 1830, he lived in retirement at his country home, the Chateau de Courcelles-le-Roy in Beaulieu-sur-Loire commune, Loiret, where he died on 25 September 1840, aged 74.Personal life
In 1791, he married


texts:
 Marie-Constance Soral de Montloisir (died 1797) and had 2 daughters:
 Anne-Charlotte (1792–1870)
 Adele-Elisabeth (1794–1822)

In 1802, he married Felicite-Francoise de Montholon (died 1804), the widow of General Joubert, and had a daughter:
 Alexandrine-Aimee (1803–1869)

In 1821, he married Ernestine-Therese de Bourgoing (1789–1825) and had a son:
 Louis-Marie (1824–1881)

Scottish legacy
On 30 April 2010, a plaque was unveiled to the memory of Marshal of France <mask> on the Outer Hebridean island of South Uist, the familial home of <mask>. <mask> had visited South Uist in 1825 in order to find out more about his family roots. Assessment
<mask> was assessed in the Encyclopædia Britannica of 1911, which argued:

<mask> had none of that military genius that distinguished Davout, Masséna and Lannes, nor of that military science conspicuous in Marmont and St Cyr, but nevertheless his campaign in Switzerland gives him a rank far superior to such mere generals of division as Oudinot and Dupont. This capacity for independent command made Napoleon, in spite of his defeats at the Trebia and the Battle of Katzbach, trust him with large commands till the end of his career. As a man, his character cannot be spoken of too highly; no stain of cruelty or faithlessness rests on him.Military historian Gunter E. Rothenberg wrote that although he overstated his own abilities, <mask> was an excellent commander. Richard Dunn-Pattison praised <mask> for his "keen military insight" while A. G. MacDonell called his career a string of defeats. John M. Keefe blamed his defeat at Katzbach on a general lack of staff officers in French armies not commanded by Napoleon, arguing that <mask> had fought successfully in the rest of his

masks:
Jacques Macdonald
Macdonald
Macdonald
Macdonald
Macdonald
Macdonald
Macdonald
Macdonald


texts:
 career.Notes

References
 Clausewitz, Carl von (2020). Napoleon Absent, Coalition Ascendant: The 1799 Campaign in Italy and Switzerland, Volume 1. Trans and ed. Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. Clausewitz, Carl von (2021). The Coalition Crumbles, Napoleon Returns: The 1799 Campaign in Italy and Switzerland, Volume 2.Trans and ed. Nicholas Murray and Christopher Pringle. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. Heraldica.org – Napoleonic heraldry
<mask> was especially fortunate to have accounts of his military exploits recorded by Mathieu Dumas and Ségur who were on his staff in Switzerland. M.Dumas, Evénements militaires
 Ségur's rare tract, Lecture sur la campagne du Général <mask> dans les Grisons en 1800 et 1801 (1802), and Eloge (1842). His memoirs were published in 1892 (Eng. trans., Recollections of <mask>), but are brief and wanting in balance.His diary of 1825 has been translated into English with a commentary ... The French <mask> : journey of a marshal of Napoléon in the Highlands and islands of Scotland ... : the 1825 travel diary of Jacques Etienne Joseph Alexandre <mask>, with commentaries by Jean-Didier Hache and Domhnall Uilleam Stiùbhart. [Port of Ness, Isle of Lewis]: The Islands Book Trust, 2007  209p. 1765 births
1840 deaths
French Freemasons
People from Sedan, Ardennes
Marshals of the First French Empire
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
Dukes of Taranto
French people of Scottish descent
Grand Chanceliers of the Légion d'honneur
French generals
Military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars
French Republican military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars
Peers of France
State ministers of France
Roman Republic (18th century)
Names

masks:
Macdonald
Macdonald
Marshal Macdonald
Macdonald
Macdonald


texts:
<mask> – Burke (born July 28, 1954 at Prague) is an American actress of Czech descent, the seventh generation of her family to appear onstage since the 18th century. Her great-uncle was the noted national actor, Ladislav Pešek. While in Czechoslovakia, she performed on stage in many theatres, played in twelve films, and created over 40 television roles, rising to the rank of Advanced Master Artist. In addition to performing as a speaking actress, she was also involved professionally in classic pantomime. Since the 1980s she has resided in the United States. In the United States, she has performed onstage in speaking roles as well as in pantomime productions for more than 25 years. Since 1988, she has been a member of the Actors' Equity Association, the union which represents professional actors.In 2006 she was named the "Best Mime" of Fairfield County, Connecticut. She teaches performing arts, dramatic literature, and cultural history, and translates plays. Biography and work

Czechoslovak period

In 1977, <mask> Pichlíková finished her studies at the Faculty of Theatre of the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague. She was a member of the Jiří Wolker Theatre company in Prague, where she had originally performed at the age of nine. She subsequently worked in the companies of the Theatre on the Balustrade, The Drama Club, and The Vinohrady Theatre in Prague, and performed as a guest artist in the National Theatre in Prague. Among her roles during this period was Petrunjela in Uncle Maroje by Marin Držić, and two roles in Insect Play by Karel and Josef Čapek (DISK Theatre – Faculty of Theatre), further Bianca in Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew (Jiří Wolker Theatre), Anna in Vladislav Vančura's Peevish Summer (The Vinohrady Theatre), Anička in Josef

masks:
Lenka Pichlíková
Lenka


texts:
 Tajovský's Women's Law (The Drama Club). In addition to acting onstage, she was a member of Ladislav Fialka's mime company at the Theatre on the Balustrade.She performed in a joint mime-acting production, Broom in Confusion, based on works by Molière (Milan Lukeš, Evald Schorm, and Ladislav Fialka, 1981). During her career in Czechoslovakia, <mask> Pichlíková created over 40 television roles and performed in 12 Czech and European co-production feature films. The most successful of these was The Trumpet's Song, directed by Ludvík Ráža, in which she played the main role. The film, originally produced for Czechoslovak Television, won first prize (The Golden Nymph award) at the Festival de Télévision de Monte-Carlo in 1981. She also played in films by Karel Kachyňa (Meeting in July, Counting Sheep, Time for a Check-up, Otakar Vávra (Dark Sun), Viktor Polesný (Birthday – a film that was suppressed by communist officials), and in Jiří Krejčík's and Evald Schorm's comedies. For German television, she appeared in the series directed by Franz Peter Wirth, A Square of Sky (Ein Stück Himmel), which was based on the experiences of Janina Dawidowicz from the Warsaw ghetto; in Die Schmuggler von Rajgrod, directed by Konrad Petzold; and in several segments of the series, The Invisible Sight (Das Unsichtbare Visier), directed by Peter Hagen. American period

Since coming to the United States in 1982, <mask> Pichlíková has acted in both university and professional theaters, including productions accredited by the Actors' Equity Association.Her roles include Masha in Chekhov's The Seagull (Theatre West, Fort Worth, Texas), Yelena in Uncle Vanya and Hilda in Ibsen's The Master Builder (University Theater, Richardson, Texas), Lea in Wendy Kesselman's My Sister in This House

masks: Lenka Lenka


texts: (Undermain Theater, Dallas, Texas), Joan in Bertolt Brecht's Saint Joan of the Stockyards (Dance Theater Workshop, New York City), Ophelia in Müller's Hamletmachine (Theater for the New City, New York City), and Tamara Sachs in Ronald Harwood's Taking Sides (Stamford Theatre Works, Connecticut). Other roles include Rosebud in Natalie Needs a Nightie and Christina in Drop Zone (Kweskin Theater, Stamford). Subsequently, <mask> Pichlíková studied with Marcel Marceau in the United States, and has performed as a mime in Mexico, France, Texas, New York, and throughout Connecticut. She was a member of the blacklight theatre company, Ta Fantastika, during their New York City period, 1982 – 1984 (the company is now located in Prague). In 1987, she performed as the lead narrator and mime in segments of The Magic Game, produced in Mexico and performed throughout the southwest United States. She has also created a character dance role, the Duchess, in the original ballet, Alice in Wonderland by Laurie Gage (East Coast Youth Ballet, Stamford). Her mimodrama, Medea, and her mime performance piece, Seven Deadly Sins and a Virtue (the latter inspired by the Baroque statues at the historical spa of Kuks, Czech Republic) have been presented in several states.Medea, for which she wrote, directed, and played the lead, was featured in Connecticut's International Festival of Arts and Ideas in 2001. In 2006, she wrote and performed in the one-person drama, Three Women of Faith, based on the lives of the Abbess Hildegard of Bingen, Queen Sofia of Bavaria (protector of the church reformer, Jan Hus), and Katharina von Bora Luther (Martin Luther's wife and co-worker). In 2006, she was named the Best Mime of Fairfield County, Connecticut by the area news media. In 2014 she performed