texts:
 Baran. Publisher : Hurtubise HMH. 2004 : Les oiseaux du monde racontés aux enfants. Photographs : <mask>. Text : Philippe J. Dubois et Valérie Guidoux. Publisher : Éditions de La Martinière jeunesse.2005 : Birds of the World . Photographs : <mask>. Text : Myriam Baran. Publisher : Abrams. 2005 : A Világ Madarai . Photographs : <mask>. Text : Myriam Baran.Publisher : Alexandra Kiadó. 2005 : Birds. Photographs : <mask>. Text : Philippe J. Dubois et Valérie Guidoux. Publisher : Abrams. 2005 : Die Welt der Vögel für Kinder erzählt. Photographs : <mask>.Text : Philippe J. Dubois et Valérie Guidoux. Publisher : Knesebeck. 2005 : Gli uccelli raccontati ai ragazzi. Photographs : <mask>. Text : Philippe J. Dubois et Valérie Guidoux. Publisher : L’ippocampo. 2005 : Vogels aan kinderen verteld.Photographs : <mask>. Text : Philippe J. Dubois et Valérie Guidoux. Publisher : Lannoo. 2006 : Papillons du monde . Photographs : <mask>. Text : Myriam Baran. Publisher : Éditions de La Martinière.2008 : Butterflies of the World . Photographs : <mask>. Text : Myriam Baran. Publisher : Abrams. 2009 : Les oiseaux. Photographs : <mask>. Text : Catherine Levesque.Publisher : Éditions Milan. Movies

 2009 : Les Secrets des photographes animaliers 2. Director : Ronan Fournier-Christol. Production : Songes de Moaï. 2012 : Portrait de <mask>. Director : Patrice Grange. Production : Déclic & Clac !2014 : 2027 - Mémoires d'un dos argenté. Director : <mask>. Production : L'Arche photographique. References

20th-century French photographers
Living people
1956 births
21st-century French

masks:
Gilles Martin
Gilles Martin
Gilles Martin
Gilles Martin
Gilles Martin
Gilles Martin
Gilles Martin
Gilles Martin
Gilles Martin
Gilles Martin
Gilles Martin
Gilles Martin


type: original

texts:
<mask> (born January 24, 1984) is an American former professional boxer who competed from 2004 to 2019. He held world championships in two weight classes, including the IBF light welterweight title between 2011 and 2015, and the WBA (Regular) welterweight title in 2017. Early life
<mask> and his younger brother <mask> have been regularly featured on ESPN boxing telecasts and their story has been frequently discussed on the show. The <mask>s were left without parents at an early age, with their father in prison and their mother suffering personal issues. The brothers were reportedly homeless on the streets of Washington, DC for several years. While homeless at age 10, they were noticed by Barry Hunter, a boxing coach. Over time, Hunter developed their boxing skills while mentoring them and both brothers morphed into amateur boxing stars.They have said that their toughest bout were against a pair of brothers from Virginia, Ordano and Orazio Robinson

Amateur career
2001 National Golden Gloves Lightweight Champion. He became 141 lbs US champion in 2003. He holds wins over Rock Allen in 2003, who beat him twice 2004 in the Olympic box-offs, Mike Alvarado and Andre Dirrell, as well as 2003 amateur world champion Willy Blain (in 2003). Professional career

Light welterweight

Early years
<mask> <mask> made his professional debut on September 25, 2004 on the undercard of Glenn Johnson vs. Roy Jones Jr. at the FedEx Forum in Memphis, Tennessee. <mask>'s brother Anthony also made his debut on the same card, winning via 1st-round knockout. <mask> fought 18 year old Nicholas Dean, who at the time had only one fight on his record, which was a loss. <mask> stopped Dean after just 22 seconds into his debut.<mask> went on to fight a further 3 times in 2004, remaining undefeated. In 2005, <mask> won all his 11 bouts, with 5 coming via stoppage. At this time, <mask> had racked up 15 wins, with 7 inside the

masks:
Lamont Peterson
Lamont Peterson
Anthony Peterson
Peterson
Lamont
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson


texts: distance and no losses. On February 17, 2006 <mask> saw himself fighting for the Vacant WBC United States light welterweight title at the FedEx Forum against Jose Leo Moreno (12-1, 10 KOs). The fight took place on a Friday night live on ESPN2. <mask> was taken the 10 round distance for a second time winning the vacant title. Two judges scored the fight 100-90, whilst the third had it 99-91, all in favour of <mask>.He never made a defence of the title. On April 28, <mask> took on his biggest challenge, a fight against Mario Ramos (16-2-1, 3 KOs). Ramos was coming off a wide 12 round unanimous decision loss against top contender Demetrius Hopkins a month earlier. <mask> won the fight via unanimous decision after 10 rounds. Two judges scored the fight clear for <mask>, whilst the third judge awarded Ramos with three rounds. After four wins, <mask> received another title opportunity, this time the vacant WBO NABO super lightweight title against Frankie Santos. <mask> dominated the opening six rounds of the fight.Santos failed to get up off his stool for the start of round 7, retiring on his stool, giving <mask> the win and the title. In November 2007, <mask> fought his first fight outside of the United States, knocking out Ecuadorian boxer Humberto Toledo (31-4-2, 18 KOs) in round 1. The fight took place at the Casablanca Casino in Providenciales International Airport on the Turks And Caicos Islands. Pearson dropped Toledo to a quick knee with combinations to the head and body. Toledo took the mandatory eight-count. He would be knocked down again, this time with a left to the body. An unsteady Toledo made it to his feet as the referee approached the ten count.The fight was stopped. On November 1, 2008 <mask> challenged fringe contender Lanardo Tyner (19-1, 11 KOs) for the Interim NABF title. The fight took place at the Mandalay Bay Hotel & Casino In Paradise, Nevada. <mask> was docked a point for

masks: Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson


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 repeated low blows in round 4, but did enough to secure a wide decision win. The three judges' scored the fight 99-90, 99-87 and 98-91 in favour of <mask>. <mask> vs. Bradley
In April 2009, <mask> defeated French boxer Willy Blain for the vacant WBO Interim title, making him mandatory to full titleholder and The Ring No. 1 light welterweight Timothy Bradley (24-0, 11 KOs).The fight took place at Agua Caliente Casino in Rancho Mirage, California on December 12, 2009. Bradley dropped <mask> with an overhand right in the third round. However, <mask> got up and landed hard left hooks to the body. <mask> cut under the left eye from an accidental headbutt in round 12. After 12 rounds, the judges scored the fight 120-107, 119-108 and 118-110 in favour of Bradley, retaining his title and handing <mask> his first professional loss. The bout was televised as a main event on Showtime Championship Boxing. After the bout, <mask> told Showtime, "My game plan was to win the first round, but in the middle of the first round, I got hit real hard by a couple of right hands.It really bothered me. I lost the round, I fell behind, I got reckless. I couldn't make it up. I gave it all I had. He's a great champion." Following his first loss, <mask> returned to the ring on April 10, 2010 at the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino in Paradise, Nevada against 32 year old boxer Damian Fuller at 143 pound catchweight. <mask> won the fight via 7th-round TKO.<mask> vs. Ortiz
On October 12, 2010 it was reported by LA Times that <mask> would fight on the undercard of Amir Khan vs. Marcos Maidana, against The Ring No. 9 light welterweight Victor Ortiz (28-2-1, 22 KOs) on December 11 at the Mandalay Bay Resort & Casino in Las Vegas. Ortiz started the fight strong by knocking <mask> down twice in the third round, but many felt <mask> took the middle and late rounds of the fight, doing enough to earn the decision. The fight was officially

masks: Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson


texts:
 declared a majority draw. One judge scored the fight 95-93 in favour of <mask>, however the remaining judges scored the fight 94-94. In the post-fight, Ortiz said, "I thought I pulled it off. He didn't even hit that hard."When the fight was over, Ortiz jumped on the top ropes and began celebrating. Ortiz landed 96 of 457 punches thrown (21%), while <mask> was more accurate, landing a total of 111 of 331 shots (33%). Many observers believed Ortiz had won the fight. ESPN's Dan Rafael and HBO's unofficial scorer, scored the bout 97-91 for Ortiz. <mask> vs. Khan

In September 2011, it was announced that Amir Khan would defend his WBA and IBF light-welterweight titles in Washington DC on 10 December against <mask> at the Convention Center. In front of a near sell out crowd of 8,647, <mask> defeated Khan for the by split decision in a very controversial affair. Khan was docked 2 points in rounds 7 and 12 by the referee Joe Cooper for pushing, although illegal pushing is not usually met with such harsh consequences, the HBO team picked up on this.<mask> was dropped to the canvas twice, although the first time was counted as a slip instead of a legitimate knockdown. Both fighters boxed well and two judges scored it 113–112 to <mask>, with the other 115–110 to Khan (originally announced as 114–111 to Khan). Some observers felt it was a hometown robbery as <mask> is from Washington DC, while many felt that Khan wasn't treated fairly. Khan landed 238 punches out of 757 thrown (31%) and <mask> connected on 226 of 573 blows (39%). (
ESPN's Dan Rafael score the fight 114-111 in favour of Khan. HBO's unofficial scorer, Harold Lederman, scored it 113-112, also for Khan. After the fight Khan said, "It was like I was against two people, the referee and <mask> himself.I was the cleaner fighter; he was so wild. The referee wasn't giving me a chance. I heard the referee give me a warning [for pushing], but there was

masks: Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Lamont


texts:
 nothing I could do. He kept coming in with his head. There hasn't been [HBO] boxing in D.C. for the last [18] years because this is what happens." Khan earned a base purse of  $1.1 million, while <mask> earned a career-high $650,000 purse. A rematch was due to take place on 19 May.It was later found that <mask> had tested positive for PEDs and was stripped of the WBA title. He admitted to the use of steroids shortly after. Khan was then reinstated as the WBA champion. <mask> vs. Holt
On December 20, 2012 it was reported that <mask> would fight Timothy Bradley (29-0, 12 KO's) in a rematch, which would take place on March 30, 2013. The issue with the fight being made was due to <mask>'s title defence against Kendall Holt which was due to take place in early 2013. In December, Holt's promoter Gary Shaw won the purse bid with an off offer of $50,000. This meant <mask>, as the titleholder would earn $37,500, while Holt would earn $12,500.Shaw told ESPN, although he won the bid, he still worked closely with <mask>'s manager Barry Hunter to organise the fight. On January 2, 2013 it was announced that <mask> would mark his first fight in 14 months defending his IBF title at the Armory in Washington D.C. against Holt (28-5, 16 KOs) on February 22. Hunter stated that both fighters would earn more than their announced purses for the fight. The fight aired live on ESPN Friday Night Fights. <mask> overcame a sluggish start, floored Holt two times, and forced a stoppage in round 8 to successfully defend his IBF title in front of his home crowd. <mask> sealed the win in the eighth when a barrage with Holt against the ropes caused referee Tony Weeks to step in and end it. Holt opened the fourth round looking to step up the pace, but seemed to tire by the midway point and the champion took advantage.A right hand to the side of the head sent Holt down to all fours in the final minute of the round. He remained

masks: Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson


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 down on a knee before getting to his feet at the count of eight. <mask> controlled the action from then on. A series of punches from <mask> late in round 6 caused Holt to take a knee for another eight count. Holt admitted he struggled to make the 140 pound limit and considered a move to welterweight. <mask> vs. Matthysse
On March 23, 2013 Golden Boy Promotions announced that interim WBC light welterweight champion Lucas Matthysse (33-2, 31 KOs) would meet <mask> at Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City on May 18, in the main event, live on Showtime. Matthysse was waiting to fight full WBC titleholder Danny Garcia, who at the time, had a defence scheduled against Zab Judah.Richard Schaefer, of Golden Boy, had hoped the winner of the two fights would eventually meet in the fall 2013. Matthysse, whose two losses came in his two opponents' hometowns, did not want the fight to take place in Washington D.C., home of <mask>. Matthysse initially wanted the fight to take place in Southern California, however, a deal was reached for the fight to take place in New Jersey. The fight was fought at a 141-pound catch weight which meant no titles were at stake. Matthysse was expected to arrive in New York on May 14, but instead arrived two days later due to an alleged robbery in which his passport was "badly defaced and rendered unusable." Reports indicated it was someone inside of Matthysse's camp hoping to prevent the Argentinian from being able to make the fight. Matthysse and promoters were able to shorten the normally lengthy process of obtaining a new passport to a few days.A crowd of 4,215 was announced at the Hall, which saw <mask> lose via TKO in round 3. <mask> was knocked down once in round 2 and two more times in round 3. This was counted as successful title defence by Matthysse by the WBC although the title was not on the line for <mask> for being over the light welterweight limit. Matthysse would have

masks: Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson


texts:
 been stripped had he lost the fight. In the post fight, <mask> said, "I feel OK. I'm upset that I lost, but I feel good. He hit me with a good shot and I guess just finished the job.I felt as thought I could have fought through it, but the referee did the right thing." <mask> boxed effectively in the opening round and looked to keep Matthysse out of range. In the second round, however, the Argentinian had closed the distance and was able to land. A left hook to the forehead sent <mask> off balance and down in the final minute of the second round. In the third round, a left hook sent <mask> down hard in the center of the ring. He stumbled and struggled to get to his feet, but was able to beat the count and was allowed to continue. Matthysse came forward and threw a combination and again <mask> stumbled backward and down.At that, veteran referee Steve Smoger waved an end to the bout, giving <mask> his first stoppage defeat. For the fight, Matthysse earned a career-high $700,000 purse. <mask> earned $800,000, also a career-high. <mask> vs. Jean
On November 19, 2013 Golden Boy announced a deal was in place for <mask> to make a defence in his home town against undefeated contender Dierry Jean (25-0, 17 KOs). On December 16, an official press release confirmed the fight would take place at the D.C. Armory on January 25, 2014. In a statement, <mask> said, "This is the perfect way for me to kick off 2014, with a great fight against a tough opponent in my hometown.Fights like these bring out the best in me and I'm going to give my fans a performance to remember." A fight between Jermell Charlo and Gabriel Rosado was announced as a co-feature, with Peteron-Jean scheduled to headline the Showtime card.In front of a hometown of 5,668, <mask> won the fight by unanimous decision, handing Jean his first career loss, with the judges scores of 118-111, 116-112 and 115-113. Jean started the fight off more patient

masks: Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson


texts:
 than <mask>. Midway through the fight <mask> became the aggressor and a few rounds later, started to outwork and outland Jean using his speed and combinations. After the fight, speaking about the Matthysse loss, <mask> said, "Everybody try to make a big deal out of one loss. But if the best fight the best, sometimes it's going to be a knockout. I always prepare myself to win, but I know you can lose. My whole life it's never been easy, so why would it be easy now?"According to CompuBox stats, <mask> landed 230 of 622 punches thrown (37%), while Jean landed on 123 of his 556 total thrown (22%). Former world champion Paulie Malignaggi, who was working as an analyst for Showtime praised <mask>, stating he still has a huge claim at light welterweight. <mask> vs. García
On January 14, 2015, NBC announced a partnership with Premier Boxing Champions to air premium fights on network television. It was announced that Danny García and <mask> <mask> would fight April 11, 2015 on NBC primetime. The fight was at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. The highly anticipated bout between García and <mask> took place at a 143-pound catch weight and was a non-title bout. Both fighters had something to prove as García was coming off an extremely tough fight with Mauricio Herrera and <mask> was still reeling from a knockout loss to Lucas Matthysse in 2013.The fight was held at a catchweight of 143 pounds, with neither boxers titles at stake. A crowd of 12,300 turned up at the Barclays Center. In the early rounds <mask> was very defensive and attempted to frustrate García with his awkward style. García was the busier fighter the first four or five rounds throwing and landing more punches although having trouble landing clean punches on <mask>. <mask>'s size and athleticism allowed him to stay in the fight even in the face of waves of serious García body blows. <mask> looked strong going into rounds 10, 11, 12.

masks: Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Lamont Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson


texts:
 García maintained a steady attack in the last three rounds of the fight while <mask> began coming forward and throwing everything he had.Despite a very strong showing by <mask>, García was awarded a majority decision by scores of 114-114, 115-113, 115-113. For the fight, Garcia earned $1.5 million compared to <mask>, who earned a $1.2 million purse. CompuBox stats showed that both fighters stayed busy, with Garcia landing 173 of 589 punches (29%), with <mask> more accurate, landing 170 of his 494 thrown (34%). Welterweight

<mask> vs. Diaz
On October 17, 2015 <mask> fought at the EagleBank Arena in Fairfax, Virginia against undefeated welterweight prospect and 2008 Olympic gold medalist Félix Díaz (17-0, 8 KOs) in a scheduled 12 round fight. <mask> won a close 12 round majority decision over Diaz. The final judges’ scores were 114-114, 117-111 and 116-112. <mask> was effective with his body punching in most round, but gave away a lot of the rounds to Diaz by not throwing enough punches, and getting hit on the inside.Some observers had Diaz the winner, with ESPN scoring it 116-112 for Diaz. <mask> voiced his opinion in believing he won the fight in the post fight interview, "I started out strong and faded in the middle rounds because I started to cramp, and it lasted for the rest of the fight, but I knew I had done enough to win the fight." <mask> vs. Avanesyan
In December 2016, early reports suggested there was a fight in the works, for David Avanesyan to defend the interim championship against <mask>. A venue in the United States was being discussed for February 2017. On January 11, 2017 a spokesperson for Avanesyan announced the fight would take place on February 18 at the Cintas Center in Cincinnati, Ohio on the undercard of Adrien Broner vs. Adrian Granados on Showtime. <mask> became a two-weight division champion after defeating Avanesyan via a 12-round unanimous decision. The fight was


texts:
 described as 'highly competitive and entertaining' by ESPN.Two judges scored it 116-112 and the third had it closer at 115-113, all in favor of <mask>. <mask> earned a purse of $250,000 whilst Avanesyan had a purse of $75,000 and winning the fight put <mask> in position to fight the winner of Keith Thurman and Danny Garcia. <mask> vs. Spence Jr.
On October 3, 2017 <mask> wrote to the WBA, officially vacating the WBA 'Regular' title. This was believed to be done as part of <mask> challenging IBF welterweight champion Errol Spence Jr. (22-0, 19 KOs) later in the year. On October 13, Boxing Scene reported that terms would be finalised in a week which would see Spence make his first defence on January 13, 2018 against <mask>. Spence, was last in action when he dethroned British boxer Kell Brook in May 2017. On November 5, it was reported the fight was confirmed to take place at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn on January 20, 2018.On fight night, in front of 12,107, Spence broke <mask> down mentally and physically eventually forcing <mask>'s trainer Barry Hunter to stop the fight a second into round 8. <mask> was dropped in round 5 from a left hand by Spence. <mask> beat the count and looked unsteady, surviving the round. <mask> took a lot of punishment, but managed to fire back some offence of his own before the round ended. <mask>'s face looked swollen and his eyes were puffy from Spence's hard shots. Spence also worked the body from the opening bell. After round 6, <mask> knew he was behind on the scorecards and indicated to his trainer, who said he would give him a few more rounds.In the post-fight interviews, Spence said, "I want to thank <mask>. A lot guys turned down the fight, and he took like a real warrior, and I commend him for that. My coach [Derrick James] came with a great game plan, and I just followed through with it. Keep my range, keep my composure." Spence admitted he would need to

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texts:
 work on his defence a little. When interviewer Jim Gray asked Hunter about the stoppage, he replied, "It was really hard [to stop the fight], but if you know <mask>, you know he was not going to give up. So I had to stop it.At the end of the day this is my son right here. And there's nothing more valuable than his well being. If it comes to him or winning, I pick him. I care about him." At the time of stoppage, all three judges had their scorecards at 70-62 for Spence. According to CompuBox stats, Spence landed 161 of 526 punches thrown (31%), and <mask> landed only 45 of his 158 thrown (28%). For the fight, Spence had an official purse of $1.2 million and <mask>'s purse was $600,000.<mask> vs. Lipinets
On 24 March 2019, <mask> faced Sergey Lipinets. Things went downhill for <mask> in the seventh, after Lipinets caught him with a clean right hand that had him on wobbly legs for the rest of the round. <mask> tried his best, but never fully recovered from the blow. Lipinets ended the fight by dropping <mask> in the tenth round, after which his corner immediately threw in the towel. After the fight <mask> announced his retirement. Professional boxing record

See also
List of light-welterweight boxing champions
List of welterweight boxing champions

References

External links

 <mask> <mask> profile at Premier Boxing Champions
<mask> <mask> - Profile, News Archive & Current Rankings at Box.Live

Living people
American male boxers
African-American boxers
Boxers from Washington, D.C.
American sportspeople in doping cases
Doping cases in boxing
National Golden Gloves champions
Winners of the United States Championship for amateur boxers
Light-welterweight boxers
Welterweight boxers
World light-welterweight boxing champions
World welterweight boxing champions
World Boxing Association champions
International Boxing Federation champions
1984 births
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century

masks: Lamont Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Lamont Peterson Lamont Peterson


texts:
<mask> (February 9, 1920 – November 13, 2010) was a highly decorated Naval aviator in the United States Marine Corps with the rank of Lieutenant general. He began his career as reserve pilot during World War II, he shot down one enemy aircraft and damaged two others during New Britain campaign. <mask> distinguished himself again as Pilot during Korean War and later reached general's rank during Vietnam War. He rose to the three-star rank and completed his career as Commanding general, Marine Corps Development and Education Command at Quantico, Virginia in September 1974 after 34 years of service. Early career

World War II
<mask><mask> was born on February 9, 1920 in Oakland, California, the son of Harry and <mask>. Following high school, he entered the University of California, Berkeley and applied for Naval Aviator Program. <mask> was accepted on July 15, 1940 and enlisted the Marine Corps Reserve on the same date.He was promoted to the Private First Class and ordered for one-month training to Naval Reserve Aviation Base in Oakland. <mask> was ordered to the Naval Air Station Jacksonville, Florida in December 1940 and reported for full aviation training as a member of the first class of naval aviation cadets there. He received his Naval aviator's wings upon commissioning to second lieutenant on June 3, 1941 and was ordered to Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida. <mask> then served for 19 months as Flight instructor and was promoted consecutively to first lieutenant and Captain. He then embarked for South Pacific and joined the Marine Fighter Squadron 212 as Squadron Ordnance Officer, responsible for planning and maintenance of squadron's guns and bombs. <mask> was stationed at the Midway Island and following the promotion to Major, he was appointed Squadron Executive officer under Lieutenant colonel Frederick R<mask> Jr.

<mask> remained with the squadron for few months, before he was transferred to Marine Attack Squadron 223 ("Bulldogs")

masks:
Robert Prescott Keller
Keller
Robert P
. Keller
Eulilee Keller
Keller
Keller
Keller
Keller
. Payne
Keller


texts: stationed on Hawaii. He was appointed Squadron Executive officer under famous Marine flyer Marion E. Carl and took part in the training and combat air patrols over Hawaii until August 1943, when the whole squadron was transferred to Midway Island.After a brief stay there, squadron moved to Quoin Hill Airfield at New Hebrides from where they escorted allied bombers against ground targets at Green Islands and Bougainville. During the escort mission with his Vought F4U Corsair near Rabaul, New Britain, <mask> destroyed one Japanese airplane and damaged two others and received Distinguished Flying Cross. He succeeded Marion Carl as Squadron commander in February 1944 and was stationed with his squadron at Piva Airfield at Bougainville. During the Japanese artillery shelling of the field on March 8, 1944, three aircraft were destroyed, one enlisted man killed and <mask> has been hit with a shrapnel in the hip. He spent four weeks in hospital and was later decorated with Purple Heart for his wounds. During his tenure as Squadron's commander, <mask> hosted prominent aviator and Medal of Honor recipient Charles Lindbergh, who flew three combat missions with his squadron. He subsequently rejoined his squadron and remained in command until the beginning of July 1944, when he returned to the United States.<mask> was ordered for night fighter training, which he completed few months later and transitioned into the Grumman F7F Tigercat. He subsequently assumed command of Marine Fighter Attack Squadron 531 ("Grey Ghosts") and deployed to the Pacific theater again in order to cover the planned Invasion of Japan. While still at sea, atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which forced Japan sign the surrender in September 1945. <mask> was transferred to the command of Marine Night Fighter Squadron 533 ("Black Mac's Killers") and embarked for North China in early October 1945. He was stationed near Peiping and his squadron assisted in the

masks: Keller Keller Keller Keller Keller


texts:
 repatriation of Japanese forces to their home islands. In addition to his Distinguished Flying Cross and Purple Heart, <mask> received ten awards of Air Medal for his bomber escort missions. For his service in North China, he was decorated with Order of the Cloud and Banner.Postwar service

Korea

<mask> returned to the United States in early 1947 and attended the Amphibious Warfare school at Quantico. He then served as Aviation Safety officer on the Staff of the Chief of Naval Air Training in Pensacola, Florida. In December 1948, <mask> entered the Air Command and Staff College at Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama and graduated in July 1949. He was subsequently sent to the Marine Corps Air Station El Toro, California, where he joined Marine Fighter Squadron 214 ("The Black Sheep") as Squadron's Executive officer. During the postwar reduction of the Marine Corps, his squadron had only 24 Vought F4U Corsairs, but plenty of aviation fuel, so <mask> was able to spent a lot of time to tactical maneuvers. In June 1950, he led his squadron on summer training cruise involving Navy Reserve Officer Training Corps midshipmen to Honolulu, Hawaii. <mask> and his squadron participated in the intensive training and also trained Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps midshipmen, when he received orders to report to the commanding general, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific, General Lemuel C. Shepherd.General Shepherd attached <mask> and his squadron to the newly formed 1st Provisional Marine Brigade under Brigadier general Edward A. Craig at San Diego. They embarked for South Korea in the middle of July 1950 and <mask>'s squadron established its headquarters at Itami Air Base, Japan, where it was equipped with bombs and rockets. He then commanded Black Sheep Squadron during the Battle of Pusan Perimeter, where his aircraft attacked enemy equipment, personnel and railroad cars near Chinju and Sinban-ni. It was the first marine air attack in Korean War. He and his

masks: Keller Keller Keller Keller Keller Keller Keller


texts: wingman then landed at Taegu, where the Joint Army-Navy Tactical Control Air Center was located, only 10 miles from enemy frontlines and after exchanging information and receiving a briefing on the situation, <mask> returned with his wingman to escort carrier USS Sicily. When Marine air and ground units were reinforced in August 1950, Black Sheep Squadron got new commanding officer, lieutenant colonel Walter E. Lischeid and <mask> was appointed his executive officer. During the September 1950, <mask> participated in the landing at Inchon and Recapture of Seoul, when his aircraft successfully supported ground units advance and received his second and third Distinguished Flying Crosses.His commander, lieutenant colonel Lischeid was killed by enemy anti-aircraft fire on September 25, 1950 and <mask> assumed the command of Black Sheep squadron again. On November 11, 1950, <mask> distinguished himself again, when on the mission of locating and attacking well-concealed enemy mortar and machine gun positions impeding the advancement of friendly forces in the vicinity of Yuha-ri and Ungi-gang. He boldly piloted his aircraft at brush top level in an attempt to draw the anti-aircraft fire and reveal their positions. After repeated efforts, he observed flashes of hostile guns directed against him and, immediately carrying out a series of attacks, personally scored direct hits with rockets and machine gun fire. Directing his strike group in a coordinated attack which covered the targets in a barrage of rockets, napalm and machine gun fire, he contributed materially to the success of friendly ground forces in advancing on their objective. For this act of valor, he was decorated with Silver Star. <mask> remained with the Black Sheep Squadron until November 18 that year, when he was appointed 1st Marine Aircraft Wing liaison officer to the Fifth Air Force-Eighth United States Army Joint Operations Center in Seoul.Major general Earle E<mask>, Commanding

masks:
Keller
Major Keller
Keller
Keller
Keller
Keller
. Partridge


texts:
 general of Fifth Air Force and Major general Field Harris, commanding general of 1st Marine Aircraft Wing, reached agreement that marines could direct their own aircraft to targets, while keeping Fifth Air Force informed. This arrangement was in response to the fact, that communications across the Korean peninsula between the two headquarters were relatively unreliable. <mask>'s primary duties were to advise about marine air capabilities and actions. However he remained in that capacity just until mid-December 1950, when he received orders for return to the United States. Post Korea

Following his return, <mask> was appointed Close Air Support officer and Helicopter Operations officer at the newly established Tactics and Techniques Board in the Marine Corps Development Center, Quantico, Virginia. While in this capacity, he participated in the development of helicopter doctrine and was promoted to lieutenant colonel in January 1951. <mask> remained in that assignment until June 1952, when he was transferred to Camp Lejeune, North Carolina for duty again as Close Air Support officer and Helicopter Operations officer for Joint Landing Force Board.He was later ordered to Washington, D.C. for duty as Head, Operational Planning section, Plans and Readiness Branch at the Division of Aviation under Major general William O. Brice. Upon his detachment from Headquarters Marine Corps in January 1956, he was ordered to the Armed Forces Staff College at Norfolk, Virginia, where he completed the instruction in June that year and assumed duty as Maneuver and Exercise Officer of the Staff of the Commander-in-Chief, Allied Naval Forces Southern Europe with headquarters in Naples, Italy. <mask> served under Admiral <mask>. Briscoe until August 1958, when he was ordered back to the United States. Following his return stateside, <mask> was ordered to the Naval Air Station Pensacola for helicopter training, which he completed in November that year and assumed duty

masks:
Keller
Keller
Keller
Keller
Robert P
Keller


texts:
 as Executive officer of Marine Aircraft Group 16 at Marine Corps Air Station Tustin, California. He later moved with Group to Japan and was promoted to Colonel in October 1959. He was subsequently transferred to Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni, where he joined the headquarters of 1st Marine Aircraft Wing and served as Assistant Chief of Staff for Operations (G-3) under Major general Richard C. Mangrum until February 1960. <mask> then returned to the United States and assumed duty as an instructor at the Armed Forces Staff College at Norfolk, Virginia.He taught members of all branch of service until June 1963, when he was ordered to the Marine Corps Air Station El Toro, California for duty as Assistant Chief of Staff for Plans and Programs (G-5) on the staff of Aircraft, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific. In June 1964, he was ordered to Marine Corps Air Station Edenton, North Carolina and joined the headquarters of 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing under Major general Frederick E. Leek. <mask> remained in that capacity for one month and then was appointed Commanding officer of Wing's Marine Aircraft Group 15. Vietnam War

<mask> was transferred to the Headquarters Marine Corps in Washington, D.C. in June 1965 and was assigned to the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff (Plans and Programs), where he assumed duty as Head, Joint and Special Plans Team. He later served in that office as Director of Joint Planning Group and was promoted to Brigadier General on August 4, 1966. <mask> was ordered to South Vietnam at the end of March 1967 and assumed duty as Assistant Wing Commander, 1st Marine Aircraft Wing with headquarters in Da Nang. For his previous service with Joint Planning Group, he was decorated with Navy Commendation Medal.While in this capacity, he served as Deputy consecutively to Major generals Louis B<mask> and Norman J. Anderson and was co-responsible for the several hundred of transport, observation and fighter airplanes and helicopters of the

masks:
Keller
Keller
Keller
Keller
. Robertshaw


texts:
 Wing. <mask> also took part in several observation flights in helicopter including one with his son, Bob Jr., who served as helicopter pilot. His tour of duty in Vietnam ended at the end of April 1968 and <mask> received Legion of Merit with Combat "V" and also was decorated with National Order of Vietnam and Gallantry Cross with Palm by the Government of South Vietnam. Post Vietnam

Following his return stateside and brief leave with family, <mask> was ordered to Naval Air Station Glenview, Illinois, where he relieved Major general Arthur H. Adams as Commanding general, Marine Air Reserve Training Command with additional duty as Commanding general, 4th Marine Aircraft Wing. While in this capacity, <mask> was responsible for the training of reserve marine aviation units and replacements for units deployed in South Vietnam and elsewhere in the World. He was promoted to Major general on August 4, 1969 and remained at Glenview until March 1971. For his service with 4th Marine Aircraft Wing, <mask> was decorated with his second Legion of Merit.He was subsequently ordered to the headquarters, United States Pacific Command on Hawaii, where he assumed duty as Assistant Chief of Staff for Operations (J-3) under Admiral John S. McCain Jr. <mask> remained in that capacity until June 1972, when he was ordered back to the continental States for new assignment. He received his third Legion of Merit for service with Pacific Command and was promoted to Lieutenant general on July 1, 1972. <mask> subsequently assumed his final assignment as Commanding general, Marine Corps Development and Education Command at Quantico, Virginia. While in this capacity, he was responsible for the training and education at The Basic School, Officer Candidates School, Amphibious Warfare School and other facilities there. He also simultaneously commanded the Quantico Base until his retirement. General <mask> retired from active duty on September 1, 1974 after 34 years of

masks: Keller Keller Keller Keller Keller Keller Keller Keller


texts:
 commissioned service and received Navy Distinguished Service Medal by Commandant <mask>. Cushman Jr. during the retirement ceremony. A parade was held in his honor.Retirement

Upon his retirement from the Marine Corps, <mask> settled in Pensacola, Florida, a hometown of his wife Lucille. He cooperated with National Museum of Naval Aviation in Pensacola and served on the Board of Trustees for 14 years. <mask> was also active in several organizations including Retired Officers Association; Golden Eagles; Association of Naval Aviation; China Marines and Marine Corps Historical Foundation. As a result of civilian schooling in later years, he received Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Maryland, and Master of Arts degree from George Washington University. In 2003, <mask> published his memoirs in book "Three Wars.....One Marine". Lieutenant general <mask><mask> died on November 13, 2010, aged 90, at his home in Pensacola, Florida. He was buried beside his wife, former Lucille Noris (1920 - 2003) at Barrancas National Cemetery.They had two sons: <mask>. (Lieutenant colonel, USMC ret.) and Ronald R.; and two daughters: Anne Elaine and Joan Elizabeth. Decorations

Here is the ribbon bar of Lieutenant General <mask><mask>:

See also
4th Marine Aircraft Wing

References

1920 births
2010 deaths
People from Oakland, California
United States Marine Corps generals
American Korean War pilots
United States Naval Aviators
University System of Maryland alumni
George Washington University alumni
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II
United States Marine Corps personnel of the Korean War
United States Marine Corps personnel of the Vietnam War
Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal
Recipients of the Silver Star
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Air Medal
Recipients of the National Order of Vietnam
Recipients of the Gallantry Cross

masks:
Robert E
Keller
Keller
Keller
Robert P
. Keller
Robert Jr
Robert P
. Keller


texts:
<mask>, CRSP (23 June 1718 – 12 August 1802) was an Italian theologian, bishop and cardinal, who was a significant figure in the response of the papacy to the assault on the Catholic Church by the upheavals caused by the French Revolution. Life

Early life
Jean-<mask> was born in 1718 at Samoëns in the Duchy of Savoy to <mask>, a notary, and Françoise Perrier, a native of Taninges. When 15 years old, he joined the Barnabites at Annecy, taking the name <mask>. He was sent to Bologna to pursue his theological studies; also having an interest in the sciences, he devoted his mind to the various branches of knowledge with great success. While he improved his command of Italian, he came the attention of Propero Lambertini, Archbishop of Bologna, later Pope Benedict XIV, who used the young seminarian to translate French texts. After Gerdil had completed his initial studies in 1738, he was assigned to teach philosophy first at the Barnabite college in Macerata, then at the school at Casale Monferrato (1739-1748). During this period, in 1741, he was ordained to the priesthood.By 1749, the range and quality of his writings led to his induction by various scientific and literary societies across Europe, ranging from the Bologna Institute of Sciences and the Royal Society of London to the Accademia degli Arcadi in Rome. That same year he was appointed as professor of philosophy at the University of Turin, transferring to the teach of moral theology in 1754. In 1758, upon the recommendation of Pope Benedict XIV, Gerdil was chosen as the tutor of the Prince of Piedmont, afterwards King

masks:
Hyacinthe Sigismond Gerdil
François Gerdil
Pierre Gerdil
Hyacinthe Sigismond


texts:
 Charles Emmanuel IV. He left his teaching position at the university the following year to deal with his other responsibilities. In 1764 he was elected the Provincial Superior of the Barnabites in Savoy and the Piedmont. In 1768 he was chosen as the tutor of the sons of his previous student, now the King of Sardinia. Cardinalate
<mask> was designated a cardinal in petto in 1773 by Pope Clement XIV, but that pope died before his appointment could be made public.He was appointed as a consultor to the Holy Office in 1776 by Pope Pius VI, moving to Rome, where he took a residence next to the General Motherhouse of the Barnabite Order at the Church of San Carlo ai Catinari. The King of Sardinia named him the commendatory abbot of the Abbey of San Michele della Chiusa in January 1777. He carried out his supervision of the distant abbey from Rome through correspondence, devoting much of the benefice he gained to the help of the poor. In March of that same year, Gerdil was appointed the bishop of the titular see of Dibona, and was consecrated at the Barnabite church by Cardinal Marcantonio Colonna, the Vicar General of Rome. The following June he again named a cardinal in petto by Pope Pius, receiving the red hat on 18 December 1777 and the titular church of San Giovanni a Porta Latina on 30 March 1778. The pope also appointed him to various congregations of the Roman Curia, including that of Prefect of the Propaganda Fide. Gerdil changed his title to that of the Basilica of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere.He served briefly as the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church (1786-1787). <mask>

masks: Gerdil Gerdil


texts:
 was member of the committee of cardinals which examined and refined the text of the response against the Puntuazione di Ems, issued by the archbishops of Germany in which they defied papal authority. From 1790 to 1794, he was member of the committee  which prepared the final draft of the papal bull, Auctorem fidei (28 August 1794), which condemned the propositions of the Synod of Pistoia, a similar stand by the bishops of Tuscany. During those four years, he was also president of the particular congregation charged with the preparation of the papal documents which condemned the French Civil Constitution of the Clergy, the Civic Oath imposed to the French clergy in 1798, and other acts imposed on the Church by Revolutionary France. After the invasion of Rome by the French Revolutionary Army in February 1798 the pope fled to Siena, while <mask> fled to his Abbey of San Michele. After the death of Pope Pius in 1799, he would likely have been elected pope at the conclave of Venice in 1800, had not his election been vetoed by Cardinal Franziskus Herzan von Harras, in the name of Francis II, the last Holy Roman Emperor. After the conclave accompanied the new pope, Pius VII, to Rome, where he resumed his posts in the Curia, still being fit and active, despite being past the age of 80.After a brief illness he died at the Barnabite motherhouse and was buried in the Church of San Carlo ai Catinari. Works
<mask>'s numerous works written in Latin, Italian, and French on divers subjects — dogmatic and moral theology, canon law, philosophy, pedagogy, history, physical and natural sciences,


texts:
 etc. — form twenty volumes in quarto (ed. Rome, 1806–1821). Among the most important may be mentioned: "L'Immortalité de l'âme démontrée contre Locke et défense du P. Malebranche contre ce philosophe" (Turin, 1747–48), 2 vols. ; "Réflexions sur la théorie et la pratique de l'éducation contre les principes de J.-J. Rousseau" (Turin, 1765), reprinted in a new edition under the title "Anti-Emile"; "Exposition des caractères de la vraie religion", written in Italian (translated into French, Paris, 1770), etc.<mask>'s works were written especially for the defence of spiritual philosophy against materialism, of supernatural religion against Deism, of the supreme authority of the pope against Febronianism and the Synod of Pistoia. References

1718 births
1802 deaths
18th-century people from Savoy
Members of the Barnabite Order
University of Turin faculty
18th-century Italian Roman Catholic theologians
Italian Roman Catholic titular bishops
18th-century Italian cardinals
Members of the Holy Office
Members of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith
Members of the Sacred Congregation of Rites
Camerlengos of the Holy Roman Church
Cardinals created by Pope Pius VI
19th-century Italian


texts:
<mask> (born 1 January 1967) is a British DJ and record producer.<ref>IMO Records. "<mask> Biography", IMO Records' Retrieved on 29 February 2011. </ref> DJ Magazine voted him World No 1 DJ in 2001. As well as achieving success as a solo act, he has collaborated with Sasha as Sasha & <mask>, and with Nick Muir as Bedrock. Biography
<mask> began DJing at the age of 15, and made a name for himself in his home town of Hastings, where he put on successful club nights, the most famous of which were his successful raves on Hastings Pier, where the likes of Carl Cox and The Prodigy performed. His breakthrough came in 1993, when he sent a mixtape demo to Geoff Oakes, founder of the Renaissance nightclub in Mansfield, who played it to fellow DJ Alexander Coe (aka Sasha). The two DJs struck up a long-term friendship and working relationship, despite Sasha twice failing to turn up for gigs that <mask> had booked him for in Hastings.In partnership with Sasha, <mask> is known for promoting progressive house and notable for producing the first commercial compilation for a nightclub, when they released their 1994 compilation of mixes from Renaissance entitled Renaissance: The Mix Collection. Until then, mixtapes from clubs had only been circulated by DJs on an amateur basis. The Renaissance CD was the first time that a compilation CD had been planned strategically for marketing, from artwork to promotion. The two DJs famously followed this up with their Northern Exposure compilations and those on Global Underground. <mask> then started the record label Bedrock Records to further promote the music that he was playing at the time. He and his friend Nick

masks:
Thomas John Digweed
John Digweed
John Digweed
Digweed
Digweed
Digweed
Digweed


texts: Muir went on to produce under the Bedrock alias, getting their big break when their first track "For What You Dream Of" was used in the film Trainspotting. The Bedrock duo also produced the soundtrack for the MTV adult cartoon superhero drama series, Spider-Man: The New Animated Series in 2003.In his sets, <mask> is noted for adopting tracks with new and different styles. Between 2000 and 2005, <mask> promoted his "Bedrock" sound with monthly club nights for club members and newcomers to the electronic music scene. He played on Thursday nights at Heaven in London, and on Friday nights in a smaller club night at The Beach in Brighton. These nights featured numerous guest DJs, including Danny Howells, Phil Thompson, Hernan Cattaneo and Chris Fortier. As <mask>'s international schedule increased, these events drew to a close, although occasional reunions have been held at Heaven since. He celebrated ten years of his Bedrock club night on 10 October 2008 at Matter in London, with a near on ten-hour set. <mask> has enjoyed popularity throughout North America as well as Europe.He and Sasha established a monthly residency at the now defunct New York club Twilo, which proved a key location for the American electronic music scene. The residency began in 1997 with a lukewarm reception, but grew into one of the most popular club nights in New York City by the end of its run in 2001. Sasha and <mask> played at Twilo on the last Friday of every month, playing sets that lasted between eight and twelve hours. In early 2001, Sasha suffered an ear injury and was unable to play for their last four dates before Twilo was closed by the New York City

masks: Digweed Digweed Digweed Digweed Digweed


texts: authorities. <mask> continued to play the time-slot by himself until 6 May 2001, when Twilo was raided by the NYPD and subsequently forced to close down. <mask> has a cameo of himself playing music in Greg Harrison's 2000 movie Groove, which tells the story of an all-night rave in San Francisco. In early 2002, <mask> along with Sasha and Jimmy Van M undertook a six-week countrywide tour of the United States called Delta Heavy.The tour was promoted by Clear Channel and attendance reached 85,000. It took place in a variety of venues but was completely self-reliant from a technical point of view; sound, lights, and visual setups were brought along to every gig of the tour. Also in 2002, <mask> curated and compiled the soundtrack to the film Stark Raving Mad. From September 2000 to January 2011, <mask> hosted a weekly two-hour radio show on Kiss 100 in the UK, in which he played the first hour of music and a guest DJ played the second hour. Beginning in September 2006, his show was available on all three Kiss radio stations. By that time, the show's name had become Transitions, which was also the name of a four-volume series of mix albums by <mask> that was released every six months during 2006–2008. In January 2011, Transitions aired for the last time on Kiss 100, but the show continues to be broadcast online.On December 27, 2019, Transitions aired its 800th episode. 2008 saw <mask> and Sasha reuniting for a Spring Club Tour that once again featured performances all over North America. In 2011, <mask>'s music was featured in the film movie adaptation of Irvine Welsh's best-selling novelIrvine Welsh's Ecstasy. He featured among the top ten

masks: Digweed Digweed Digweed Digweed Digweed Digweed Digweed Digweed


texts:
 artists from 1998–2008 and was voted DJ Mag's number 1 DJ in 2001. In 2010, he was voted number 29 in DJ Mag's annual Top 100 DJs vote. In 2013, <mask> was ranked the number 17 best DJ in the world in Resident Advisor's top 100 DJ charts; he currently is number 43 as of June 2016. <mask> is the brother of 26 times World Clay Shooting Champion <mask>, MBE.2 (Renaissance)
 2007:  Transitions Vol. 3  (Renaissance)
 2008:  Transitions Vol. 12 (First year that DJ Mag poll was changed to a readership vote)
 1998: No. 7 (Up 5)
 1999: No. 6 (Up 1)
 2000: No. 3 (Up 3)
 2001: No. 1 (Up 2)
 2002: No.3 (Down 2)
 2003: No. 5 (Down 2)
 2004: No. 8 (Down 3)
 2005: No. 6 (Up 2)
 2006: No. 8 (Down 2)
 2007: No. 3 (Up 5)
 2008: No. 9 (Down 6)
 2009: No.17 (Down 8)
 2010: No. 29 (Down 12)
 2011: No. 55 (Down 26)
 2012: No. 98 (Down 43)
 Since 2013: Not on List

DVD
 Sasha & John Digweed present Delta Heavy (System Recordings)
 A Tale of Two Cities, Live in Argentina 2013 (Bedrock Records & Ourmaninthefield)
 A Tale of Two UK Cities, 2015'' (Bedrock Records & Ourmaninthefield)

References

External links
 Official site
 Bedrock Records

 Transitions – official tracklistings
 Transitions – official Mixcloud tracklistings
  Interview <mask> – Actualites Electroniques
  Interview <mask> – Actualites Electroniques
 10 years of Bedrock interview  by Laptoprockers
 Digweed the Bigwig Who Lives Forever in the Future Interview with <mask> by Popspoken

English DJs
Club DJs
Electronic music radio shows
Living people
People from Hastings
Remixers
1967 births
English house musicians
English record producers
Progressive house musicians
Electronic dance music

masks:
Digweed
John
George Digweed
John Digweed
John Digweed
John Digweed


texts:
<mask> (10 September 1915 – 5 October 1985) was a German bomber pilot during World War II. He joined the Luftwaffe in 1936 and served almost all of his career with Demonstration Wing 1 (Lehrgeschwader 1 (LG 1)). With his unit, he participated in the Invasion of Poland, the Norwegian Campaign, the Battles of the Netherlands, Belgium, France and Britain in 1939–40. For his contributions in these campaigns, Helbig received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross in late 1940. He was then transferred to the Mediterranean theater where he bombed Malta, the British Mediterranean Fleet and flew in support of the Afrika Korps. Helbig received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords in late 1942 for the support of Field Marshal Erwin Rommel's 1942 summer offensive. He was then banned from further combat flying and was assigned to the staff of the General of Bombers, the senior officer responsible for the Luftwaffe's bomber force.In August 1943 the ban was revoked and Helbig was appointed commander of LG 1 which was then operating against the Allied forces in Italy. In June 1944, he and LG 1 were transferred to France after the Invasion of Normandy. In early 1945, LG 1 was transferred to the Eastern Front and Helbig was tasked to destroy the bridges over the Oder. He surrendered to the American forces at the end of the war in May. After the war, Helbig pursued a civilian career; he died in 1985. Early life
<mask> was born on 10 September 1915 in Dahlen, Saxony. He volunteered for military service on 1 April 1935 and initially served one year with an artillery regiment.In the fall of 1936, he transferred to the Luftwaffe and entered the Bomber Flying School in Lechfeld. After

masks:
Joachim Helbig
Joachim Helbig


texts:
 completing his training as an observer and aerial gunner on 20 April 1937, he was posted as an observer to the Bomber Wing (Kampfgeschwader (KG)) 152 in Schwerin. World War II

Western Europe; Battle of Britain
At the beginning of World War II in September 1939, Helbig held the rank of Second Lieutenant and was serving as an observer in a He 111 reconnaissance aircraft of Demonstration Wing 1 (Lehrgeschwader 1 (II./LG 1)) in 1938. He was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class following the campaign. Helbig took part in the April 1940 invasion of Norway (Operation Weserübung). As part of II. Gruppe, he flew missions in support of the German ground forces, particularly in the Åndalsnes area.During one of these missions on 2 May, his unit sank the Norwegian hospital ship  with heavy losses. Following their attack on Dronning Maud, the German aircraft then bombed the nearby village of Gratangen, destroying several houses and killing two civilians. Shortly afterwards, the unit returned to Germany. During the Battle of France later that month, Helbig served as squadron commander of the Fourth Squadron of LG 1, flying both He 111 and Junkers Ju 88 bombers, a position he held until 5 November 1941. While attacking shipping during the Battle of Dunkirk on 1 June, Helbig's Ju 88 was intercepted by Supermarine Spitfires of No. 616 Squadron RAF. They damaged the aircraft, and lightly wounded Helbig, but he was able to return to base.For his actions, he was awarded the Iron Cross 1st Class. Following the defeat of France, Helbig was promoted to captain (Hauptmann) in July and his unit remained in France to participate in the Battle of Britain. On 15 August 1940, Helbig and his squadron, consisting of seven Ju


texts:
 88s, took off with the primary target of the British airfield at Worthy Down together with other German units. The Germans were intercepted by British fighters and the mission was very costly for 4. Staffel as over half the bombers were shot down by the British or were written off after landing. Helbig was forced to jettison his bombs before reaching the target and return to base, flying on a single engine with wounded crewmen aboard. During the battle, Helbig reported that his badly damaged Ju 88 was intercepted by a Spitfire over the English Channel.The RAF pilot did not fire, but instead flew alongside the crippled bomber until the French coast was in sight, waved and flew away. Historian Christer Bergström has suggested that this might have been Pilot Officer Richard Hardy from No. 234 Squadron RAF. As the battle continued, LG 1 mostly switched to bombing cities at night. Helbig was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 24 November, after having flown 75 combat missions. North African and Mediterranean campaign

The Gruppe flew to Sicily in mid-January 1941 and attacked targets in Malta as well as British ships in the Mediterranean. On one of these missions they damaged the aircraft carrier  on 16 January while she was docked for repairs in Grand Harbour, Malta.The unit was transferred to Bulgaria in early April in preparation for Operation Marita, the German invasions of Greece and Yugoslavia, where it participated in the bombing of Belgrade, Yugoslavia on 6 April. Shortly afterwards, it returned to Sicily and spent the rest of the campaign on anti-shipping missions near Southern Greece and Crete with occasional ground-attack missions. Two weeks later, on 21 April, II./LG 1


texts: damaged the oil tanker  south of Crete and unsuccessfully attacked a British convoy near Malta during Operation Tiger on 11 May. The unit transferred to Athens on 16 May in preparation for the invasion of Crete (Operation Merkur) and continued its efforts to interdict shipping in Greek waters. It may have damaged the battleship  on 27 May as the British were evacuating the island. II./LG 1 remained in the Mediterranean for the rest of the year, attacking targets in Palestine, Egypt and Libya, including long-range missions mining the Suez Canal and various ports at night. Helbig became Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of I./LG 1 on 5 November.The Gruppe briefly came under the command of Fliegerführer Afrika on 21 November and assisted III./LG 1 in supporting German ground forces during the British Operation Crusader offensive for five days. He was slightly wounded during a Royal Air Force bombing raid on the airfield at Benina, Libya, on 29 November, as his unit was staging through en route back to Greece. Helbig commanded the unit on operations against the Sidi Barrani–Alexandria rail line on 3 and 4 December. On 10 December the unit flew interdiction operations against the British Army south of Tobruk. Thereafter, the unit flew mine-laying operations off the Libyan coast. On 16 January 1942, Helbig became the 64th recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves after having completed 210 combat missions. While on patrol approximately  south of Crete on 11 May, Ju 88s from I./LG 1 detected four British destroyers, , Kipling, Jackal and Lively.The first wave of 14 Ju 88s from I./LG 1 attacked the destroyers later that afternoon, sank Lively and crippled Jackal. A second


texts:
 wave failed to find the destroyers, but the third wave of seven Ju 88s, led by <mask>, attacked the destroyers with the setting sun behind them. Helbig's aircraft sank Kipling at  while Jackal later had to be scuttled. The attack was successful despite the presence of defending Bristol Beaufighters from No. 272 Squadron RAF. In June, British commandos attacked Helbig's unit at their base in Heraklion, Crete, and succeeded in blowing up seven Ju 88s. On 28 September 1942 he was awarded the 20th Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords.Italian campaign and post-war life
In January 1943, Helbig was transferred to the staff of the General der Kampfflieger (Commander of Bombers). In March 1943 he was appointed the General der Kampfflieger and was promote to Oberstleutnant (lieutenant colonel) on 1 September. After numerous difficulties and clashes with his superiors, including Field Marshal Albert Kesselring, he returned to LG 1 as its Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander) on 14 August. When his Geschwader was transferred to Italy to operate against the Allied beachheads at Anzio and Nettuno in Italy after the landings there (Operation Shingle) on 22 January 1944, Helbig was appointed as the commander of all bomber units in Italy. On the night of 23/24 January, his aircraft sank the destroyer HMS Janus with a torpedo and damaged severely Jervis with a Henschel Hs 293 glider bomb at the cost of 11 aircraft. The Corsica operation was a success and these long-range operations destroyed 23 aircraft and damaged 90. In June 1944, LG 1 was ordered to transfer to Belgium for air defense during the Allied invasion of France.Helbig formed a combined ground support and reconnaissance


texts:
 battle group as part of the Luftwaffe's operations against the Allied bombing campaign on 10 September 1944. Visiting unit at the Vogelsang Airfield, he was severely wounded by strafing Allied aircraft. Due to his injuries Helbig had to surrender command of his unit. In the last weeks of the war in Europe, Helbig commanded a combat unit on the Eastern Front; he surrendered to the American forces on 8 May 1945. After the war he returned to civilian life, becoming the director of the Schultheiss brewery plant in Berlin. Helbing died in Malente on 5 October 1985 following a car accident on vacation in Spain. Awards
 Medaglia d'Argento al Valor Militare
 Iron Cross (1939) 2nd class (16 September 1939) & 1st class (20 June 1940)
 Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe (6 October 1940)
 Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
 Knight's Cross on 24 November 1940 as Hauptmann and Staffelkapitän of the 4.(K)/Lehrgeschwader 1
 64th Oak Leaves on 16 January 1942 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of the I. (K)/Lehrgeschwader 1
 20th Swords on 28 September 1942 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of the I. (K)/Lehrgeschwader 1

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

 Bergström, Christer (2015). The Battle of Britain: An Epic Conflict Revisited. Casemate: Oxford. .

 Mason, Francis (1969). Battle Over Britain. McWhirter Twins, London.1915 births
1985 deaths
Luftwaffe pilots
People from Dahlen, Saxony
People from the Kingdom of Saxony
German World War II pilots
German expatriates in Spain
Recipients of the Silver Medal of Military Valor
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Road incident deaths in Spain
German prisoners of war in World War II held by


texts:
<mask> (born November 19, 1977) is a retired American gymnast from Tucson, Arizona. She was a member of the Magnificent Seven, the victorious all-around women's gymnastics team that represented the United States at the 1996 Summer Olympics, and is best remembered for performing the vault despite having injured her ankle and for subsequently being carried to the podium by her coach, Béla Károlyi. Gymnastics career

Pre-1996 Olympics
Strug began training in gymnastics at the age of three. She began competing in gymnastics at the age of eight. Her sister Lisa was already competing in gymnastics at the time that Strug was born. Strug was trained by American coach Jim Gault until January 1991, when she moved to Houston, Texas, to train with coach Béla Károlyi. At that time, she also joined the United States National Team.In 1992, as the youngest member of the entire U.S. team at age 14, she won a team bronze medal at the Barcelona Olympics. Throughout the Team Compulsories and Optionals, she and Kim Zmeskal competed for the final US available spot to compete in the all-around. She was eventually edged out by Zmeskal, with Shannon Miller and Betty Okino as the other two American gymnasts to qualify for the all-around. After the 1992 Games, <mask> chose to move to Edmond, Oklahoma, to train under the coaching of Steve Nunno at the Dynamo Gymnastics Club, where she trained with Shannon Miller. There, she struggled with severe weight loss and a serious injury to her stomach. At the 1993 Nationals, <mask> placed 3rd in the all-around, 2nd on the uneven bars, and 3rd on floor exercise. She completed the Yurchenko ½ vault.However, she had a weak second vault and did not medal in that event. After this competition, <mask> left Edmond to return home to Tucson, Arizona, where she trained with Arthur Akopian, who flew in from California to train her, with the assistance of Jim Gault. Gault was <mask>'s coach when she started gymnastics at

masks:
Kerri Allyson Strug Fischer
Strug
Strug
Strug
Strug


texts:
 age 3. While performing the compulsory uneven bars set in 1994, she pinged off the bar, subsequently releasing too early to be able to make the transition to low bar. She lost control and flew off the high bar backwards, landing in a twisted position on her side beneath the low bar. She was carried out of the gym on a stretcher and was taken to Desert Regional Hospital. The injury turned out to be a badly pulled back muscle, which required extensive rehabilitation.She recovered in time for the 1994 World Championships. In 1995, Strug graduated from Green Fields Country Day School in Tucson, Arizona. Eventually, the coaching arrangement with Gault and Akopian became untenable as Gault was restricted in his coaching by NCAA recruiting rules. <mask> once again left home, in July 1995, to train at Aerials Gymnastics in Colorado Springs, Colorado, with Tom and Lori Forster. Later that year, at the 1995 Nationals, <mask> placed 5th in the all-around and came in 3rd on the uneven bars. At the 1995 World Championships, she was a member of the bronze medal-winning U.S. team, and she placed 7th in the all-around. She trained with the Forsters from July 1995 until December 1995.She then moved back to Houston to train with Károlyi again in preparation for the 1996 Olympics. She beat the competition at the 1996 American Cup in the all-around by almost a half point, something which was a huge margin with the scoring system at that time. She also placed 1st on floor exercises and balance beam and 2nd on vault and uneven bars in the event finals. At the 1996 U.S. Nationals, <mask> placed 5th in the all-around and came in 2nd on both vault and floor. 1996 Olympics
<mask> participated in the 1996 Olympics as a member of the U.S. women's team, often referred to as the Magnificent Seven. After compulsories, <mask> was ranked 9th overall and had placed high enough to qualify herself for the all-around. She posted the second-highest score on

masks: Strug Strug Strug Strug Strug


texts: floor exercise—but qualified first in floor exercise event finals after the team final and ahead of eventual floor exercise Gold Medalist Lilia Podkopayeva—and fourth-highest on vault, which would qualify her for event finals in her two strongest events.In the team competition, an event dominated by the Soviets for decades and never won by the United States, the U.S. competed with the Russian, Romanian, and Ukrainian teams. The Russians came into the team competition with a very narrow lead. The event came down to the final rotation on the final day of the team competition, July 23, 1996. Going into the final rotation, with the Russians on floor exercise and the U.S. on vault, the U.S. women held a commanding 0.897-point lead over the Russian team. However, it was still possible for the Russians to take the gold if the U.S. women collapsed. The first four U.S. gymnasts landed their vaults, but struggled to land them cleanly, taking steps and hops. Adding to the drama, <mask>'s teammate Dominique Moceanu fell twice, registering a poor score.<mask> was the last to vault for the United States. <mask> under-rotated the landing of her first attempt, causing her to fall and injure her ankle. As a result, the attempt was awarded 9.162 points. Retrospectively, after a poor performance from the final Russian Roza Galieva on floor, Moceanu's score (9.200) would have been sufficient to beat the Russians even if <mask> had not performed a second vault, as the lowest score for each team was dropped. However, Galieva performed after <mask>, and therefore <mask> needed to land a second vault on her feet in order to mathematically clinch the gold. In the time interval between <mask>'s two vaults, she asked, "Do we need this?" Károlyi replied, "Kerri, we need you to go one more time.We need you one more time for the gold. You can do it, you better do it." <mask> thus limped slightly to the end of the runway to make her second attempt. She

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 landed the vault briefly on both feet, almost instantly hopping onto only her good foot, saluting the judges. She then collapsed onto her knees and needed assistance off the landing platform, to which sportscaster John Tesh commented, "<mask> <mask> is hurt! She is hurt badly." The completed vault received a score of 9.712, mathematically guaranteeing the Americans the gold medal, though while it was not known at the time with Roza Galieva of Russia having not yet completed her floor routine, the Americans would still have won the gold by a margin of 0.309 points had <mask> not performed a second vault.Károlyi carried her onto the medals podium to join her team, after which she was treated at a hospital for a third-degree lateral sprain and tendon damage. Due to her injury, she was unable to compete in the individual all-around competition and event finals, despite having qualified for both; so Moceanu was chosen to take her place in the all-around, Dawes took her place in the floor final, and Miller took her place in the vault final. <mask> became a national sports hero for her final vault, visiting President Bill Clinton, appearing at various television talk shows, making the cover of Sports Illustrated and appearing on a Wheaties cereal box with other team members. Actor Chris Kattan notably parodied her adolescent-sounding voice (as her "brother" Kippi <mask>), and appeared on Saturday Night Live (in a segment in which she appeared alongside him). ESPN's "This is SportsCenter" ad campaign poked good-natured fun at her injury with two ads featuring various ESPN workers carrying her around. Professional career and college
Shortly after her feat, <mask> participated in the Ice Capades and Disney's World On Ice, then announced her retirement and enrolled in UCLA where she was a member of the Kappa Alpha Theta women’s fraternity. As a professional, she could not compete in NCAA gymnastics events, so she worked for a time as

masks: Kerri Strug Strug Strug Strug Strug


texts:
 team manager instead, a behind-the-scenes role.She later transferred to Stanford University where she earned a master's degree in Sociology. <mask> also took part in a Semester at Sea in the Fall of 2000. After gymnastics
In 2000, she was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. After graduation, <mask> worked as an elementary school teacher at Tom Matsumoto Elementary School in San Jose, CA, before moving to Washington, D.C. in 2003. She worked as a staff assistant with the White House Office of Presidential Student Correspondence, moved to a job at the General Counsel in the Treasury Department, and in March 2005, joined the Justice Department's Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention staff as a presidential appointee. <mask> has also been an active marathon runner, having run marathons in Houston, New York, Boston and Chicago. During the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, <mask> was a correspondent for Yahoo!in artistic gymnastics. In 2008, she appeared in a television commercial for the Zaxby's restaurant chain. Also in 2008, her history-making ordeal at the 1996 Olympic games was featured in a commercial, narrated by actor Morgan Freeman for the "Go World" campaign. Personal life
<mask> was born in Tucson, Arizona, the daughter of Melanie Barron and Dr. <mask>, a cardiovascular surgeon. <mask> is Jewish. She married attorney Robert Fischer at the Skyline Country Club in Tucson, Arizona, on April 25, 2010. On March 1, 2012, Strug gave birth to the couple's son, Tyler William Fischer.In 2014, she gave birth to their daughter, Alayna Madaleine. Popular culture
<mask> did a cameo on Beverly Hills, 90210. <mask> was shown in Marie Claire magazine's "The 8 Greatest Moments for Women in Sports". <mask> is referenced in Sabrina: The Teenage Witch Season 1, Episode 10. <mask> is referenced in the animated series Bojack Horseman Season 5, Episode 5. When BoJack is challenged for his reference to

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Strug
Strug
Strug
Burt Strug
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 <mask> being outdated, he insists that he will update his references once we see the likes of <mask> again. <mask> had a voice cameo in King of the Hill Season 2, Episode 14, 'I Remember Mono,' appearing in a dream sequence with Bobby Hill.<mask> is referenced in Community Season 4, Episode 7, Economics of Marine Biology. <mask> is referenced in Murphy Brown Season 9, Episode 11. <mask> is referenced in an episode of the online YouTube show Demo Disk made by Funhaus. <mask> is referenced in the Season 9 episode of Roseanne entitled " Roseambo" when Roseanne, after flipping off the roof of a train car and landing on her feet, delivers the line, "Eat your heart out, <mask> <mask>." In 2020, Olivia Wilde announced she would be directing a biopic based on the book Landing On My Feet, A Diary Of Dreams. Thomasin McKenzie has been cast to portray <mask>. <mask> is mentioned in the Apple TV+ show Mythic Quest during a special episode bridging the first two seasons.She is referenced in a season two episode of the Saved by the Bell reboot. A character falls and gets injured, but says he'll "Kerri Strug it." See also
List of select Jewish gymnasts
List of Olympic female gymnasts for the United States

References

External links
Official website

1977 births
American female artistic gymnasts
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
Gymnasts at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Gymnasts at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Jewish American sportspeople
Jewish gymnasts
Living people
Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in gymnastics
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in gymnastics
Sportspeople from Tucson, Arizona
Stanford University alumni
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
U.S. women's national team gymnasts
International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame inductees
21st-century American Jews
21st-century American women
Members of the Junior

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<mask> ( 1350 – 1427) was an Italian painter of the Florentine School considered to be one of the most important painters in Florence during the second half of the 14th century. He is believed to have learned his trade from his father, about whom little is known. <mask>’s style, as well as that of his contemporaries <mask> and <mask>ni, was influenced by the artist <mask>. <mask>'s paintings made use of bright colors and his compositions avoided complexity. The figures he painted tended to have round faces and were often expressionless. Another one of <mask>'s distinctive characteristics was his precision of execution. He was known for exceptional talent in drawing, an ability that he put to use at the initial stages of his painting.Unlike many celebrated Florentine artists of this period, <mask> mostly received commissions from the country clergy and from the lower-middle class Florentine guilds. His successors, <mask> <mask> and Neri <mask>, continued to serve these groups. Early life and training
<mask> <mask> was born in Florence around 1350. He is thought to have been taught the art of painting by his father, who most likely went by the nickname Jacopo, although his full name is currently unknown. By 1370, <mask> had become a member of the Guild of Saint Luke, the painters’ guild of Florence. The guild was named in honor of Luke the Evangelist, the patron saint of artists, whom John of Damascus had recognized as having painted the Virgin Mary's portrait. The Guild of Saint Luke brought together artists from a range of disciplines in Renaissance Florence.<mask>'s earliest work suggests the influence of a master whose identity is unknown but who was believed to be a member of the Guild of Saint Luke. Early career
<mask>'s first public work was a panel depicting St. Martin Enthroned, painted for the Arte dei Vinattieri, the wine-merchants’ guild of Florence. The painting was

masks:
Lorenzo di Bicci
Lorenzo
Jacopo di Cione
Niccolò di Pietro Geri
Andrea di Cione
Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Bicci
di Lorenzo
di Bicci
Lorenzo di
Bicci
Lorenzo
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Lorenzo


texts: mounted in the Florentine church of Orsanmichele on a pilaster assigned to the guild on October 4, 1380, and is now in the Depositi Galleria d'Arte in Florence. The predella depicts the episode of St. Martin dividing his cloak with the beggar. It was about this time that <mask> began working with the painters Agnolo <mask>, Corso <mask>, and Jacopo <mask>, and the goldsmiths Piero del Miglior and Niccolo del Lucia. As a group they were commissioned to value the statues of Faith and Hope by <mask> Pero created for the spandrels of the Loggia della Signoria in Florence. <mask> was commissioned to apply the blue enamelled ground and to gild the statues, work that provided him a steady income.A more significant project arrived In 1387 when <mask> was employed to decorate the cathedral of Florence. This was a major project already underway at the time. Together with Spinello Aretino and Agnolo <mask>, <mask> produced preliminary drawings for the statues of the four Apostles which would be executed in marble for the façade of the church. Once the series of statues was completed, he was then commissioned, again with Aretino and <mask>, to paint and gild them. In his biography of the artist, Giorgio Vasari notes that <mask> learned much of his craft from Spinello, probably during this time. Although Giorgio Vasari’s biography of <mask> is replete with misattributions, it does suggest that <mask>, during this period, produced frescoes both in and out of the city of Florence. Vasari suggests that <mask> <mask> de<mask> commissioned <mask> to paint the hall of the old house of the Medici family.Among other works that Vasari mentions are a shrine on the bridge of Scandicci and a fresco of saints together with a Madonna at Cerbaia. According to Vasari, <mask> was then commissioned by the family of the Medici to paint a chapel in San Marco in Florence, a fresco in which he illustrated many

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Gaddi
diacopo
di Luca
Giacomo di
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Lorenzo
Gaddi
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Gaddi
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Lorenzo
Giovanni di
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’ Medici
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 stories of the Madonna and depicted the Virgin herself surrounded by many saints. Later Work

In 1394 <mask> returned to the Loggia della Signoria where he painted and gilded the statue of Charity by Jacopo <mask> Guidi. In 1395, he was commissioned to value a statue of St. Victor by Piero <mask> Tedesco for the facade of the Florence cathedral. Three years later, in Florence, <mask> created three polylobed panels for the altar of the Madonna delle Grazie in the cathedral’s nave. The panels displayed half-length images of St John the Evangelist, St. Matthew, and St. Mark. Another artist, Pesello, was responsible for the image of the Agnus Dei, which centered the canopy’s vault, while <mask>'s most significant contribution was a curtain that accompanied the image of the Virgin.This canopy has since been dismantled and <mask>'s panels depicting the Evangelists are now housed in the Sagrestia dei Canonici in the cathedral. The Compagni della Croce di Santo Stefano in Empoli commissioned <mask>, in 1399, to produce a triptych. <mask> is believed to have painted two crucifixions during the years 1399 and 1400 respectively. The first is housed in the Museo della Collegiata di Sant'Andrea in Empoli and utilizes a simple, two-dimensional design. The panel represents the Crucifixion with the Virgin Mary, St. John the Evangelist and St. Francis of Assisi at the foot of the cross. It is believed to have constituted the top half of a larger panel. The second crucifixion depicts Christ on the cross surrounded by angels collecting his spilt blood.The letters INRI labeling "Jesus of Nazareth The King of the Jews" are displayed on the red headpiece above the cross. The Christ and angels depicted in the later crucifixion are compositionally very similar to the first. Historians believe that <mask> painted a work of St. Francis and St. Anthony Abbot around the year 1400. The painting is thought

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di Piero
di Giovanni
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Lorenzo
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texts:
 to have occupied the left side of a multi-paneled altarpiece. The remaining panels are either lost or unidentified. The figures illustrated are the saints Francis of Assisi, who founded the Franciscan order in the early thirteenth century, and Anthony the Great, a Christian monk known as the Father of All Monks. The stigmata of St Francis are pin-pointed with tiny gold rays.Information concerning the next decade of <mask>'s life and work is scanty. From 1410 there is a record of him having been paid fourteen florins for a figure of St. Nicholas for the lunette of the portal of the Ospedale di San Matteo, Florence. This work is now at the Accademia di Belle Arti. Some historians believe <mask> oversaw the construction of the Palazzo Capponi alle Rovinate, a late-Gothic style palace located on Via de’ Bardi in Florence, Italy. This work appears to have been commissioned by Niccolò da Uzzano, an Italian politician in the government of Florence. <mask> was often commissioned by Uzzano, and these commissions included frescoes and a painting for the Church of Saint Lucia dè Magnoli. Giorgio Vasari’s biography of <mask> indicates that in 1418, <mask> painted a large fresco of St. Thomas examining a wound in the side of Christ.This fresco additionally included the other Apostles who were shown as surrounding Christ. Adjacent to this scene <mask> created a fresco of St. Christopher, and Vasari suggests that up until this point, no artist had successfully depicted a figure on such a large scale with accurate proportions. Other historians have attributed these works to <mask> <mask>, <mask>'s son. In any case, both works, impressive in scale, have managed to retain their color and definition for hundreds of years. Madonna and Child Paintings

<mask> is reported to have completed many Madonna and child paintings, however little is known about the composition dates of these paintings.

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Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Bicci
di Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Lorenzo


texts: Between 1375 and 1380, <mask> is known to have painted a Madonna of Humility with Two Angels, which is extant and held privately. Until 1936, this panel was attributed to Jacopo <mask>.A very similar work known to have been completed by <mask> between 1405 and 1410 titled Madonna and Child with Angels is conserved in the Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, lending further support to the current attribution of the Madonna of Humility. In style, <mask>'s is part of an established tradition. The best known is the Madonna dell'Umilita, painted by Guariento <mask>, which <mask>'s painting closely resembles. In both paintings, the Madonna is posed on a cushion, seated in a demure fashion suggestive of humility. The blue of her apparel is in the tradition of the Madonna and, in the case of <mask>'s painting, the clothing is notable for its simplicity, with the absence of any elaborate drapery that is sometimes depicted. Again, this style is suggestive of the humble nature of the seated figure. Some years later <mask> painted a Madonna and Child with St. John the Baptist, Catherine of Alexandria, Anthony Abbot, and St. Nicholas at the Virgin's feet.The work is executed in tempera and gold on a wood panel and its size is that of a typical anconetta, or small altarpiece. During the time of <mask>, this image would likely have been framed in a Gothic-style tabernacle as it would have served for private, rather than public, enjoyment. Neri <mask>, <mask>'s grandson painted a similar work. Neri's Virgin and Child Enthroned with Two Angels and St. Ansanus, John the Baptist, St. Nicholas, St. Sebastian, Catherine of Alexandria, and Bartholomew currently resides at the Philadelphia Museum of Art. It is believed that Neri drew inspiration from his grandfather <mask>. A number of other Madonnas are attributed to <mask>, one of which is located at the Walters Art Museum in Baltimore. The locations

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di Cione
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di Arpo
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 of the remaining paintings are unknown.Major Work
Perhaps <mask>'s best-known work is a devotional triptych painted in 1399 that now hangs in the Museo della Collegiata di Sant'Andrea in Empoli. The Madonna is present in all three panels, although only in the center panel is she the dominant presence. The left wing depicts the Nativity and shows the Madonna kneeling in an attitude of prayer. A seated saint is in the foreground and the panel's upper section, which comes to a point, depicts a seated angel. The right panel displays the crucifixion and the Madonna is one of three figures beneath the crucifix. As in the left panel, she is clearly recognizable because of the consistency in the color of her garments and the simplicity of her figure. The pinnacle of the right panel showcases a seated female figure praying.In both side panels, Madonna's figure is on the same scale as the other figures, whereas in the center panel, she is not. The central figure is nearly identical to the Madonna of Humility with Two Angels, further suggesting that the earlier Madonna was indeed the work of <mask>. The Madonna in the center panel sits on a Gothic throne, adorned with a red and gold cloth. A Christ Child sits on her lap and grips her finger. Surrounding them are a group of six Saints, including both John the Evangelist and John the Baptist. <mask>'s artistic style is seen in the clean and simple compositional structure, the use of bright color, and the expressionless character of the figures' faces. Influences
<mask>'s style was influenced by <mask> Cione <mask>, who was an Italian painter, sculptor, and architect in Florence.<mask> served as one of his pupils and worked alongside Jacopo <mask>, Andrea's younger brother and an Italian Gothic period painter active in Florence. Death and legacy

It is now clear that many of the works that Vasari attributed to <mask> <mask> were in fact

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Andrea di
di Arcangelo
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di Cione
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Bicci


texts:
 produced by his son, <mask> <mask>. Similarly, Joseph Archer Crowe and Giovanni Battista Cavalcasele, two highly respected Italian art critics, attributed several frescoes to <mask>, including those in the Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence, and those in San Francesco, Arezzo, that are now thought to be painted by <mask> <mask>. Some confusion between the works of father and son is understandable, considering that <mask> personally trained his son in his workshop, one of the largest and most active studios in Florence at that time. <mask> <mask> went on to become an influential painter and sculptor, much like his father, while <mask>'s grandson, Neri <mask>, inherited the workshop following the death of <mask> <mask> and <mask> <mask>. <mask> is believed to have died in 1427, although the exact date of death is unknown. <mask>'s workshop continued to flourish for over a century.Even now, art historians believe that many of his most significant works have yet to be identified. Surviving Art Works
 Madonna of Humility with Two Angels (c. 1375-1380), Private Collection
 St. Martin Enthroned (c. 1380), Depositi Galleria Arte, Florence
 St. Julian and St. Zanobius (c. 1380-1400), Academia Gallery, Venice
 St. Mark (c. 1398), Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, Florence
 The Crucifixion (c. 1399), Museo della Collegiata di Sant'Andrea, Empoli
 Triptych (c. 1399), Museo della Collegiata di Sant'Andrea, Empoli
 Madonna and Child (c. 1400), Walters Art Museum, Baltimore
 Crucifixion (c. 1400), Allentown Art Museum, Pennsylvania
 St. Francis and St. Anthony Abbot (c. 1400), Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery, Bristol
 Madonna and Child with Angels (c. 1405-1410), Fine Arts Museum, San Francisco
 St. Nicholas (c. 1410), Accademia di Belle Arti, Florence

References

1350s births
1427 deaths
14th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
15th-century Italian painters
Gothic painters
Painters

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Lorenzo
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<mask> (2 February 1786 – 10 March 1845) was the author of The Memoirs of Harriette <mask>: Written by Herself (1825). <mask> was a famed British Regency courtesan who became the mistress of William, Lord Craven, at the age of 15. Later in her career, she went on to have formal relationship arrangements with Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, and other significant politicians. Early life
<mask>'s birth at 2 Carrington Street, in Shepherd Market, Mayfair, London, was recorded in the parish register of St George, Hanover Square. Her father kept a small shop with his wife, Amelia, née Cook. Her father is said to have assumed the surname of <mask> about 1801. One of the fifteen children of Swiss John James Dubouchet (or De Bouchet), <mask> was one of four sisters in the family who pursued careers as concubines.Her sisters Amy, Fanny and Sophia also became courtesans. In her memoir, <mask> claims that Amy sets a poor example for the others, introducing them to their licentious reputations and careers:

We were all virtuous girls when Amy, one fine afternoon, left her father's house and sallied forth, like Don Quixote, in quest of adventures. The first person who addressed her was one Mr. Trench; a certain short-sighted, pedantic man, whom most people know about town. I believe she told him that she was running away from her father. All I know for certain is that, when Fanny and I discovered her abode, we went to visit her, and when we asked her what on earth had induced her to throw herself away on an entire stranger whom she had never seen before, her answer was, "I refused him the whole of the first day; had I done so the second he would have been in a fever." As the sisters grew more

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Wilson
Wilson
Harriette Dubouchet
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texts:
 sophisticated in their sexual and social prowess, Harriette began to observe how her eldest sister challenged her. Amy is "often surnamed one of the Furies," as <mask> writes.Amy bears the Duke of Argyle's child later in her life. The duke was one of Harriette's former lovers, demonstrating one example of Amy "stealing" her younger sister's clients. Fanny, in contrast, remains a close friend to <mask> and is described as agreeable. The youngest sister, Sophia, marries respectably into the aristocracy, becoming the bride of Lord Berwick at age 17. Career
<mask> began her career at the age of fifteen, becoming the mistress of William Craven, 1st Earl of Craven, 7th Baron Craven. Among her other lovers with whom she had financial arrangements was Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, who commented "publish, and be damned" when informed of her plans to write her memoirs. <mask> even attracted George IV's attention, who claimed he would "do anything to suppress what Harriette had to reveal of [his mistress] Lady Conyngham".<mask> makes a claim in her memoir about Frederick Lamb, 3rd Viscount Melbourne, assaulting her. She attributes his violent act toward her to the jealousy that she had become acquainted with the Duke of Argyle and a lover, a Lord Ponsonby. According to her account, Lamb attacked her because she refused him. For obvious reasons, most politicians with whom she had relationships paid high sums to keep their interactions with her private. Her decision to publish was partly based on the broken promises of her lovers to provide her with an income in her older age. The Memoirs of Harriette <mask>, Written By Herself, first published in 1825, is celebrated for the opening line: "I

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 shall not say how and why I became, at the age of fifteen, the mistress of the Earl of Craven." It was reprinted by the Navarre Society in 1924, as was a follow-up title Paris Lions and London Tigers with an introduction by Heywood Hill in 1935, although how much of this latter title was the work of <mask> <mask> herself is debatable.Legacy
Despite modern speculations that <mask> was mistress to the Prince George, Prince of Wales, there is no evidence of such in her memoir. She records a time when, while still serving as a courtesan to Lord Craven, she writes a letter to the Prince of Wales: "I am told that I am very beautiful, so perhaps you would like to see me." She speculates that the response from the prince requesting her visit arrives via Colonel Thomas. Indignant that the prince would request she travel to meet him, she responds:

SIR,— To travel fifty-two miles this bad weather, merely to see a man, with only the given number of legs, arms, fingers, &c., would, you must admit, be madness in a girl like myself, surrounded by humble admirers who are ever ready to travel any distance for the honour of kissing the tip of her little finger; but, if you can prove to me that you are one bit better than any man who may be ready to attend my bidding, I'll e'en start for London directly. So, if you can do anything better in the way of pleasing a lady than ordinary men, write directly: if not, adieu, Monsieur le Prince. <mask>'s clients were politically associated with the Prince of Wales, but in her memoir she does not record meeting or bedding him. However, it is said that "<mask> reminds us that the long-term mistress of the Prince of Wales, having been promised £20,000 which never

masks: Harriette Wilson Wilson Wilson Wilson


texts:
 materialised, died a pauper."<mask> might not have met the man or bedded him, but she was aware that the Prince of Wales, like the many other politicians, did not ultimately financially support their courtesans—and her memoir represents this controversial failing of English officeholders. Fictional portrayal
 <mask> <mask> appears in the Jane Austen mystery novel, Jane and the Barque of Frailty, by Stephanie Barron. (<mask> and Jane Austen were contemporaries.) <mask> <mask>'s memoirs Publish and Be Damn'd: The Memoirs of <mask> <mask> was adapted for the BBC Radio 4 series Classic Serial by Ellen Dryden and broadcast in June 2012

References

Sources
<mask> (2003) The Courtesan's Revenge: The Life of <mask> <mask>, the Woman Who Blackmailed the King. London: Faber & Faber
Harriette <mask>'s Memoirs: The Greatest Courtesan of her Age; selected and edited with an introduction by Lesley Blanch. London: John Murray, 1957
Valerie Grosvenor Myer (with an introduction by Sue Limb): <mask> <mask>, Lady of Pleasure. Ely: Fern House, 1999
Kenyon-Jones, Christine.(2003, August 23). Poetic Licentiousness. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/books/2003/aug/24/biography.features

External links

 The Memoirs of Harriette <mask>, Volumes One and Two by <mask> <mask> – Project Gutenberg
 The Memoirs Of Harriette <mask> Volume I – Internet Archive
 The Memoirs Of Harriette <mask> Written By Herself Volume Two – Internet Archive
 Short biography and picture
 Guardian biography review

1786 births
British memoirists
English courtesans
People from Mayfair
Women of the Regency era
1845 deaths
British women memoirists
People from Somers Town, London
19th-century English women writers
19th-century

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<mask> (November 16, 1822April 17, 1891) was a career United States Army officer who served with distinction during the Mexican–American War. He also served as a Union Army general during the early part of the American Civil War. After the war, he was appointed U.S. marshal for the Eastern District of Wisconsin by President Ulysses S. Grant, and served as president of the University of Wisconsin Board of Regents. Early life
<mask> was born in Westernville, New York, and was raised in western New York. He entered the United States Military Academy in 1839 and graduated in 1843, standing 26th out of 39 cadets; he was a classmate of Ulysses S. Grant, Christopher C. Augur, Joseph J. Reynolds, and several other men who would go on to become generals in the Army. First military service
Upon his graduation, he was assigned to the 2nd U.S. Infantry Regiment as brevet second lieutenant. He was officially promoted to second lieutenant on November 17, 1845, and was assigned to the 5th U.S. Infantry, serving in the Army of General Zachary Taylor in the early phases of the Mexican–American War.<mask> and his regiment took part in the Battle of Monterrey, and received complements from his superior officers in their report of the battle. He was then active in the Siege of Veracruz and the Battle of Cerro Gordo, and was promoted to first lieutenant on June 30, 1847. He distinguished himself again at the battles of Contreras and Churubusco, and was given an honorary brevet to captain. But he was severely wounded at the Battle of Molino del Rey. He was shot through the shoulder and remained in the hospital six months recuperating. After recovering from his wound, <mask> was assigned to the recruiting service at Rochester, New York, for two years. He returned to battle in 1850, commanding companies in Texas and Mississippi in campaigns of the Comanche Wars.He resigned from the Army on April 30, 1853, and moved his family to Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. There he settled a farm and established a linseed oil mill. Civil War

masks:
Charles Smith Hamilton
Charles Smith Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton