texts:
 music including "Indian, Celtic, bluegrass and folk".<mask> had his first paid performance in 1997 at the Seaview Hotel in Fremantle. In 1998, North Fremantle Mojo's club owner Phil Stevens hired <mask> as a regular performer. Stevens became his manager and later his business partner. Vitamin

<mask> began his music career in a band called Vitamin, his first paying gig was at the Metaphor Cafe in Escondido, California. Vitamin was written up twice in the Escondido Times-Advocate. Vitamin gigged all over San Diego and played one show in Houston Texas in 1995. Vitamin recorded two tracts "deadhorse" and "Mary Jane" in the Belly Up Studios, Solana Beach California in 1994.Vitamin bandmate Ozzie Rea moved to Australia in 1998 and fronted a Perth Funk band called Proton who shared John <mask> Trio Drummer, Jason McGann (sound engineer mojo's) Proton and the trio can be found on The Live at Mojo's CD and gigged together on New Years Ever Y2K. The members of Vitamin were <mask> (12 string guitar, vocals) Ozzie Rea (vocals) Justin Bancroft (electric guitar) Taria Flower Star (bass) Duck Grossberg (bass) Desiree (congas) Gabe (Djembe) Jim (Harmonica) Hailey Odom (harmonica)

John <mask> Trio

John Butler
Butler was joined by drummer Jason McGann (Mojos sound engineer) and bass player Gavin Shoesmith to form the John <mask> Trio and recorded the <mask> album which was released on Waterfront Records in December 1998. At various times the members of the John <mask> Trio included drummers Michael Barker (2003–2009) and Nicky Bomba, bass players Rory Quirk (2001–2002), Andrew Fry (April 2002 – November 2002), Shannon Birchall (2002–2009) and Byron Luiters.

masks:
Butler
Butler
John Butler
Butler
John Butler
Butler
Butler
John Butler
Butler


type: original

texts:
 The band's musical style was influenced by Black Sabbath, Fleetwood Mac and Jeff Lang. The band toured throughout Western Australia in 1999. Three
The band's second album, Three, was produced by <mask> and Shaun O'Callaghan. It was released and distributed on Waterfront Records in April 2001.It featured the tracks "Take" and "Betterman", which both received radio airplay on the Australian alternative youth radio station Triple J and rated in its annual Hottest 100. The band appeared at the Big Day Out concert series and the Woodford Folk Festival. Sunrise Over Sea
The song "Zebra" was released as a single in December 2003 and received mainstream radio airplay and reached the top 30 on the ARIA Charts. It was selected as 'Song of the Year' at the APRA Music Awards of 2004. The album, Sunrise Over Sea, was released in March 2004 and peaked at No. 1 on the ARIA Albums Chart. It was the first independently released and distributed album to debut at No.1 and <mask> received the ARIA 'Best Male Artist' award that same year. Grand National
In September 2006, <mask> Trio released a promotional studio diary of the recording progress of their next album, Grand National, which was released in March 2007 and peaked at No. 1. In December 2006, Funky Tonight (EP) was released and included tracks from their live shows, such as "Daniella", "Fire in the Sky", and "Funky Tonight". The band performed at the Melbourne entertainment hub, Federation Square at Easter 2007. The one off performance featured musicians who had collaborated on Grand National, including Vika and Linda Bull, Jex Saarhelart and Nicky Bomba. The performance was telecast on JTV and was released

masks:
Butler
Butler
John Butler


texts:
 on DVD in November.April Uprising
On 21 October, <mask> featured on SBS Television's documentary called Destination Australia – Bridge Between Two Worlds performing to refugee children in a class at Perth's Highgate Primary School. <mask>'s discovery of his Bulgarian ancestor's involvement in the April Uprising provided the title for the trio's next No. 1 album, April Uprising, issued in March 2010. <mask> Carmody/Paul Kelly song "From Little Things Big Things Grow" (with Carmody, Kelly, Missy Higgins and Dan Sultan) at the Kelly tribute concerts staged by Triple J in mid-November 2009, which was released as the 2010 live album Before Too Long. On 19 February 2011, <mask> performed for the first time with his wife Danielle, also known as Mama Kin, under the moniker Brave and the Bird, at the Gimme Shelter event (an annual fundraiser for the homeless) held at the Fremantle Arts Centre. Flesh and Blood
The early sessions for the <mask> Trio's sixth studio album commenced in mid-2013, following the band's largest tour of the US. For the first time in the band's lifetime, the members began with a blank songwriting slate, rather than using the initial ideas of <mask> that had been introduced.<mask> gathered with Luiters and Bomba at The Compound in Fremantle, Western Australia, which serves as the band's headquarters and the frontman's artistic space, and co-wrote material for the first time, deviating from the Butler-centric process of the past: "I had always brought the material." After contributing a large portion of work towards the album, Bomba eventually left the Compound space to work on his Melbourne Ska Orchestra project and was replaced by

masks:
Butler
Butler
Butlerv
Butler
John Butler
Butler
Butler


texts:
 Grant Gerathy. <mask> explained in an interview during the band's US tour:

But a lot of these songs on this album I kind of magpied. Magpies are this bird in Australia that takes shiny things from anywhere and builds its nest, and so that's kind of what I do. I'll take a little of my own experience of having some heavy party time with certain friends, and then I'll hear some other stories about addicts or other intense relationships. I'll put them into the mixing pot and make up these characters to explore different possibilities and emotional landscapes. One of the songs on the album, "Wings Are Wide", was written as a dedication to his grandmother, who gave <mask> his grandfather's Dobro guitar that became the foundation for his songwriting.<mask> admitted that "I wasn't at all into roots music or playing the slide or anything when I got it, and it sat under my bed for a long, long time." Released in Australia on 8 February 2014, Flesh and Blood was produced by Jan Skubiszewski and features a vocal duet with Ainslie Wills. Solo
On 29 June 2007, <mask> gave a live solo performance at Twist and Shout Records in Denver, Colorado, which was released in January 2008 as an eight-track EP, One Small Step, with A$1 from each record sold being donated to Oxfam's "Close the Gap" campaign. One Small Step was <mask>'s first official solo release. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2007, <mask> performed "Funky Tonight" in a collaboration with fellow Australian musician Keith Urban. Radio station, Triple J's listeners voted Grand National their favourite album for 2007. "Ocean" garnered <mask> newfound success when recordings of live performances of the song

masks:
Butler
Butler
Butler
Butler
Butler
Butler
John Butler


texts:
 went viral on the internet.<mask> made a cameo appearance in 2009 Australian film, In Her Skin, as a busker. The film's soundtrack featured three songs by the <mask> Trio, "Ocean", "Caroline" and "What You Want". In July 2009, <mask> undertook a solo overseas tour commencing in North America, where he played at the Montreal Jazz Festival, the Rothbury Music Festival in Michigan and The Mile High Music Festival in Denver. In North America he sold out headline shows in Toronto and Los Angeles. In Europe, <mask> played at the Folies Bergère in Paris and London's Union Chapel. He also performed at Cannes, Amsterdam and Antwerp. Upon his return in August, he took part in the Cannot Buy My Soul concert at the Queensland Music Festival.<mask> performed alongside other local musicians (including Paul Kelly, Missy Higgins, Troy Cassar-Daley, Clare Bowditch, Tex Perkins and Bernard Fanning) reinterpreting the catalogue of indigenous Australian musician Kev Carmody. <mask>'s interpretation of the song, "Thou Shalt Not Steal", was included on the compilation album, and later was featured on the iTunes Deluxe album of Grand National. <mask> participated at the Garma Festival of Traditional Cultures located in Northeast Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory. Jarrah
In July 2002, Jarrah Records was created by <mask>, members of fellow Western Australian act The Waifs and their common manager, Stevens. Being a partner in a record label allowed <mask> to maximise artistic control of his recordings. Equipment and technique

<mask> plays harmonica, didgeridoo, drums, lap-steel, banjo and amplified acoustic guitars and his custom-made, 11-string Maton guitar.

masks:
Butler
John Butler
Butler
Butler
Butler
Butler
Butler
Butler
Butler
Butler


texts:
 <mask> prefers the Maton custom 11-string guitar and often uses a Seymour Duncan SA-6 Mag Mic pick-up with a Marshall Amplification JMP Super Lead Head and a Marshall 4×12 cabinet.He uses a variety of electronic effects including distortion, reverb / delay and wah-wah pedal to achieve his unique sound. <mask> uses long, pointed fiberglass fingernails for finger picking. Political activism

<mask> is an advocate of peace, environmental protection, and global harmony. He has supported The Wilderness Society and the Save Ningaloo Reef campaign. In 2005, <mask> and Caruana co-founded the JB Seed grant program – renamed as The Seed in 2010 – to support artistic expression and encourage the "social, cultural and artistic diversity in Australian society". The couple contributed $80,000 to establish the project. Other supporters include Paul Kelly, Correne Wilkie (Manager, The Cat Empire), Paul and Michelle Gilding (Ecoscorp), Maureen Ritchie, Missy Higgins, <mask> (Eleven Music), <mask> (JWM Productions), Sebastian Chase (MGM Distribution), Philip Stevens (Jarrah Records), The Waifs and Blue King Brown.<mask> is one of the largest supporters of the "Save The Kimberley" campaign in Australia and performed at the Save the Kimberley concert in Melbourne, Australia's Federation Square in October 2012. On 4 October 2012, <mask> was joined by 150 people during a protest outside the BHP Billiton headquarters in Melbourne; the protest was in response to the corporation's involvement with a proposed James Price Point gas industrial complex in Western Australia's Kimberley region. <mask> performed at another concert in support of the Kimberley cause on 24

masks:
Butler
Butler
Butler
Butler
John Watson
John Woodruff
Butler
Butler
Butler


texts:
 February 2013, with Missy Higgins also appearing again, with the event held at The Esplanade in Fremantle, Western Australia. Jarrah Records, the record label that <mask> co-founded with The Waifs and Phil Stevens, worked in partnership with The Wilderness Society to stage the free event that also featured the band Ball Park Music and Bob Brown, former leader of the Australian Greens. A march to protest the proposed gas refinery construction at James Price Point accompanied the free concert and campaign supporters were photographed with banners and placards. In response to the proposed dumping of around  of dredged seabed onto the Great Barrier Reef, a legal fighting team was formed by World Wide Fund for Nature-Australia and the Australian Marine Conservation Society (AMCS) in late 2013/early 2014. The legal team received further support in April 2014, following the release of the "Sounds for the Reef" musical fundraising project.Produced by Straightup, the digital album features <mask>, in addition to artists such as The Herd, Sietta, Missy Higgins, The Cat Empire, Fat Freddys Drop, The Bamboos (featuring Kylie Auldist) and Resin Dogs. Released on 7 April, the album's 21 songs were sold on the Bandcamp website. <mask> is against Coal Seam Gas (CSG) and gave a free supporting concert at the Bentley protesting the Northern Rivers of New South Wales, Australia, on 20 April 2014. <mask> supports freedom of West Papua on Republic of Indonesia. Personal life
<mask> is married to Danielle Caruana, an Australian musician and vocalist who performs under the name of Mama Kin. They have two children, a daughter and a son. After wearing dreadlocks for 13

masks: Butler Butler Butler Butler Butler


texts:
 years, <mask> cut them off in early 2008.In an interview with the Herald Sun newspaper in 2008, <mask> acknowledged that he had been referred to as the "million dollar hippie" in various articles and around his hometown in Australia. The nickname refers to his inclusion on the Business Review Weekly list of the 50 richest entertainers in 2004, with reported earnings of A$2.4 million. Prior to the release of the <mask> Trio's sixth album, Flesh and Blood, <mask> explained:

I still care about everything I care about. But I don't know how to write another song about a greedy arsehole ruining the planet. I have done it. I started writing about the damage of war and the environment, but as you drill down deeper, move closer to the core of the heart, there are so many great stories to be had which aren't literally talking about a problem. <mask> also admitted to substance use: "I've never had any big addictions.I feel like I might smoke pot a bit too much, and I've done cigarettes." He affirmed to his audience that he is "normal" and is "going through all the same things" they are, and he asked that he not be placed on a "pedestal". Awards and nominations

AIR Awards
The Australian Independent Record Awards (commonly known informally as AIR Awards) is an annual awards night to recognise, promote and celebrate the success of Australia's Independent Music sector. |-
| AIR Awards of 2012
|Tin Shed Tales
| Best Independent Blues and Roots Album
|
|-

APRA Awards
The APRA Awards are presented annually from 1982 by the Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA). The <mask> Trio have won five awards from 21 nominations (see <mask> Trio awards).

masks:
Butler
Butler
John Butler
Butler
Butler
John Butler
John Butler


texts:
 <mask> has won a further ARIA award for 'Best Male Artist' in 2004 from six nominations in that category.

! Lost to
|-
|| 2001 || Three || Best Male Artist ||  || Nick Cave - No More Shall We Part
|-
| |2003 || Living 2001-2002 || Best Male Artist ||  || Alex Lloyd - "Coming Home"
|-
|| 2004 || Sunrise Over Sea || Best Male Artist ||  ||
|-
|| 2005 || "Somethings Gotta Give" || Best Male Artist ||  || Ben Lee - Awake Is The New Sleep
|-
||  2007 || Grand National || Best Male Artist||  || Gotye - Mixed Blood
|-
|| 2010 || April Uprising || Best Male Artist ||  || Dan Sultan - Get Out While You Can
|-

Discography

With <mask> Trio

Studio albums
 <mask> (1998)
 Three (2001)
 Sunrise Over Sea (2004)
 Grand National (2007)
 April Uprising (2010)
Flesh & Blood (2014)
Home (2018)

Solo
 Searching for Heritage (1996)
  Live At Twist & Shout (2007)
 One Small Step (2007) Australian release of Live at Twist & Shout
 Tin Shed Tales (2012)

See also
Danielle Caruana

Notes
<li id="noteFoot01a"
>^ For full name as <mask> Charles Wiltshire-Butler see Australasian Performing Right Association (APRA) search result for songwriter and performer of "Something's Gotta Give".For full name as <mask> <mask> see APRA search result for songwriter and performer of "All My Honey". For date and place of birth see Matera. References
General

Specific

External links
 Official website
 JB Seed grants project

1975 births
Living people
American rock guitarists
American male guitarists
APRA Award winners
ARIA Award winners
Australian buskers
Australian indie pop musicians
Australian indie rock musicians
Australian multi-instrumentalists
Australian rock

masks:
Butler
John Butler
John Butler
John
John Charles
Butler


texts:
 guitarists
Australian singer-songwriters
Banjoists
Curtin University alumni
Musicians from Torrance, California
Musicians from Western Australia
People from Fremantle
Slide guitarists
Singers from California
Guitarists from California
American emigrants to Australia
21st-century American singers
21st-century Australian singers
21st-century American guitarists
21st-century American male singers
Australian male guitarists
Australian male


texts:
<mask> (born 9 March 1927) is an Australian artist from Sydney who is best known for his Lover, Dreamers and Isolates paintings. Early years
<mask> was raised in an artistic environment, his parents, Norman and <mask>, were practicing artists who met at Brisbane Technical College in the 1920s. His  father ran a successful illustration and printing business and from early age <mask> would undertake commercial artistic assignments for the family business. He had a stable early family life with his parents and older brother Norman, living first in Dee Why and then moving to Seaforth during the depression years. His local primary school in Seaforth brought him into contact with a young Charles Blackman, with whom he was to form a close friendship many years later. <mask> later attended East Sydney Technical College and quickly developed a mature style from an early age leading to success in a number of art awards, most notably the national Sun Youth Art Prize in 1940 for the painting Sydney Orchestra. Australian years
In 1944 at the age of 17 <mask> left home and travelled to Brisbane.Penniless, he spent a number of nights sleeping rough before meeting the poet Barrett Reid who took him to stay at his parents, this was the start of a lifelong friendship. A string of temporary jobs followed to help facilitate his art which remained largely concerned with depicting the dispossessed and vulnerable in society. Intellectually <mask> aligned himself with the Barjai Group, a collection of writers and poets led by Barrett Reid, and with members including Barbara Patterson and Charles Osborne. Later, in 1945 along with Pamela Seeman and <mask>, he formed the Miya Studios with the aim of providing exhibition space for young artists with common goals. <mask> exhibited at their annual exhibition during the life of the Studios from 1945-49. During this time he became re-acquainted with Charles Blackman, the two travelled, painted and lived together over a number of years. Blackman

masks:
Laurence Hope
Laurence Hope
Gertrude Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
Laurence Collison
Laurence Hope


texts:
 credited <mask> with helping him adjust to life as an artist during this time.On a hitchhiking trip with Barrett Reid in 1947 he was introduced to John and Sunday Reed who were to become lifelong supporters of his art. Though them <mask> became acquainted with many of the influential avant-garde in the Melbourne art scene such as Joy Hester, Sidney Nolan, Arthur Boyd and John Perceval. In the late 40s and early 50s <mask> travelled widely around Queensland working in a range of odd jobs and painting vivid jungle, urban and figurative images. During this time he had a number of successful solo exhibitions in Brisbane at the Moreton Gallery and Johnstone Gallery. In 1953, he moved to Melbourne where he met Georges Mora and Mirka Mora and was adopted into their family eventually becoming godfather to their second son William Mora. He appeared in a number of exhibitions at Mirka's studio, including a solo show in 1954. He also helped re-establish the Contemporary Arts Society.During his time in Melbourne he met with a significant network of artists who matched his own ideas of true originality born of imagination, including Danila Vassilieff, John Percival, Arthur Boyd, Jean Langley and Robert Dickerson. In 1962 <mask> collaborated with Perceval and Mirka Mora on murals Aspendale Fricassee and Balzac Fricassee by Ross Crothall and Mike Brown of the Annandale Imitation Realists'. By this time he had moved to painting mainly with oil on board, rather than his earlier work which tended to be watercolour and gouache on paper. This coincided with him increasingly focusing his energies on exploring the isolation and loneliness of the human condition, a subject he had explored since his teenage years and has continued to return to throughout his life. His ‘collective paintings of Lovers, Dreamers and Isolates depict the mood and temperament of individuals concealing more significant emotions’. Later years
<mask> moved to England in 1963, after travelling widely across Europe.

masks: Hope Hope Hope Laurence Hope


texts:
 There he met up with expatriate friends – Charles Blackman, Barbara Blackman, John Perceval, Arthur Boyd and Barry Humphries and exhibited at Clytie Jessop's Kings Road Gallery.During that time he even turned to acting, appearing in the Philippe Mora film Trouble in Melopolis alongside Germaine Greer. For the next five years <mask> continued to travel widely across Europe, Asia and the Americas. These trips influenced his painting which became more ‘dramatic, vivid and colourful’, he began to paint on a larger scale ‘incorporating monuments, temples and even mythological creatures’ from Cambodia and Mayan civilisations. During this time he continued to have a number of major exhibitions including a retrospective at the Holdsworth Galleries in Sydney and the Commonwealth Art Gallery in London. In 1977 his exhibition Opal the Rainbow Gem at the ICA in London featured Cibachrome prints, and acrylic paintings made from them, of the gemstone taken at magnifications of up to x5400 through a microscope. In 1972 he had a son, Danton, by his partner Marna Shapiro. This led to him painting an extensive collection of baby fantasy paintings reflecting this new period in his life.In 1989 he married Wendy Shaw and his painting became more personalised and intimate. In 2002 <mask> had a major retrospective exhibition at the Heide Museum of Modern Art in Melbourne touring to the Sir Hermann Black Gallery at the University of Sydney and the Customs House Gallery, University of Queensland. <mask> is represented in a large number of public and private collections, including the National Gallery of Australia, National Gallery of Victoria, Art Gallery of South Australia, Queensland Art Gallery, Heide Museum of Modern Art and University Art Museum - University of Queensland. References

External links
 Self-portrait with mumps
 Lovers in bed
 Night Club - 14/03/2002: <mask>

Place of birth missing (living people)
Australian painters
Living people
1927 births
People from Sydney
Modern

masks:
Hope
Hope
Laurence Hope
Laurence Hope


texts:
<mask> (August 27, 1933 – November 5, 2017) was an American author who wrote on the topics of female sexuality and liberation. Her writings argue that women have often been reared under an ideal of womanhood, which was outdated and restrictive, and largely unrepresentative of many women's true inner lives, and that openness about women's hidden lives could help free women to truly feel able to enjoy being themselves. She asserts that this is not due to deliberate malice, but due to social expectation, and that for women's and men's benefit alike it is healthier that both be able to be equally open, participatory and free to be accepted for who and what they are. Biography
<mask> was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Walter F. <mask> and <mask> (later Scott). She grew up in Charleston, South Carolina, and attended the only local girls' college-preparatory school, Ashley Hall, where she graduated in 1951. She then attended Wellesley College in Massachusetts, where she graduated in 1955. She worked briefly as a reporter for the San Juan Island Times and subsequently established herself as a magazine journalist in New York, England, and France before turning to writing full-time.Her first book, published in 1973, was My Secret Garden, a compilation of her interviews with women discussing their sexuality and fantasies, which became a bestseller. Friday regularly returned to the interview format in her subsequent books on themes ranging from mothers and daughters to sexual fantasies, relationships, jealousy, envy, feminism, BDSM, and beauty. After the publication of The Power of Beauty (released in 1996, and then renamed and re-released in paperback form in 1999), she wrote little, contributing an interview of porn star Nina Hartley to XXX: 30 Porn Star

masks:
Nancy Colbert Friday
Nancy Friday
Friday
Jane Colbert Friday


texts:
 Portraits, a book published in 2004 by photographer Timothy Greenfield-Sanders, with her final book being Beyond My Control: Forbidden Fantasies in an Uncensored Age, published in 2009. Throughout the 1980s and early 1990s she was a frequent guest on television and radio programs such as Politically Incorrect, Oprah, Larry King Live, Good Morning America, and NPR's Talk of the Nation. She also created a website in the mid-1990s, to complement the publication of The Power of Beauty. Initially conceived as a forum for the development of new work and interaction with her diverse audience, it was not updated in later years. Despite the judgment of Ms. magazine ("This woman is not a feminist"), she predicated her career on the belief that feminism and the appreciation of men are not mutually exclusive concepts.Literary motivation
Friday explained how "in the late 1960s I chose to write about women's sexual fantasies because the subject was unbroken ground, a missing piece of the puzzle ... at a time in history when the world was suddenly curious about sex and women's sexuality." The backdrop was a widespread belief that "women do not have sexual fantasies ... are by and large destitute of sexual fantasy." Friday considered that "more than any other emotion, guilt determined the story lines of the fantasies in My Secret Garden . . . women inventing ploys to get past their fear that wanting to reach orgasm made them Bad Girls." Her later book, My Mother/My Self, 'grew immediately out of My Secret Garden 's questioning of the source of women's terrible guilt about sex." When she returned 20 years later to her original topic of women's fantasies in Women on Top, it was in the belief that "the sexual revolution" had stalled: "it was the greed of the 1980s that dealt the death blow


texts:
 . . . the demise of healthy sexual curiosity."Friday, like other feminists, was especially concerned with the controlling role of the images of "Nice Woman . . . Nice Girl"—of being "bombarded from birth with messages about what a 'good woman' is . . . focused so hard and so long on never giving in to 'selfishness.'" However, as feminism itself developed "a stunning array of customs, opinions, moral values, and beliefs about how the world of women . . . should conduct itself," so too it ran into the difficulty of moralism versus human nature—the fact that "feminism—any political philosophy—does not adequately address sexual psychology" eventually sparking the 'feminist "sex wars" . . . from the early 1980s" onwards. Against that backdrop, Friday's evidential and empirical concerns continue to address the "open question of how many of their sexual freedoms the young women .. . will retain, how deeply they have incorporated them." Criticism
"Critics have labeled Friday's books unscientific, because the author solicited responses," thus potentially biasing the contributor pool. My Secret Garden was greeted by a "salvo from the media accusing me of inventing the whole book, having made up all the fantasies"; My Mother/My Self was "initially . . . violently rejected by both publishers and readers"; while Women on Top "was heavily criticized for its graphic and sensational content." Friday was also criticized for her reaction to the Bill Clinton/Monica Lewinsky affair, which critics interpreted as sexist. The journalist Jon Ronson wrote "In February 1998, the feminist writer <mask> was asked by the New York Observer to speculate on Lewinsky's future. 'I want to rent out my mouth for two bits an hour wink wink,' she replied."Personal life
<mask> married novelist Bill Manville

masks:
Nancy Friday
Friday


texts:
 in 1967, separated from him in 1980, and divorced him in 1986. Her second husband was Norman Pearlstine, formerly the editor in chief of Time Inc. They were married at the Rainbow Room in New York City on July 11, 1988, and divorced in 2005. In 2011, <mask> sold her home in Key West and moved to New York City. <mask> died at her home in Manhattan on November 5, 2017 from complications of Alzheimer's disease. She was 84. Bibliography
 My Secret Garden: Women's Sexual Fantasies, Simon & Schuster, 1973
 Forbidden Flowers: More Women's Sexual Fantasies, Simon & Schuster, 1975
 My Mother, My Self: The Daughter's Search for Identity, Delacorte Press, 1977
 Men in Love, Men's Sexual Fantasies: The Triumph of Love Over Rage, Dell Publishing, 1980
 Jealousy, M. Evans & Co., 1985
 Women on Top: How Real Life Has Changed Women's Sexual Fantasies, Simon & Schuster, 1991
 The Power of Beauty, HarperCollins Publishers, 1996.Republished as Our Looks, Our Lives: Sex, Beauty, Power and the Need to be Seen, HarperCollins Publishers, 1999
 Beyond My Control: Forbidden Fantasies in an Uncensored Age, Sourcebooks, Inc., 2009

See also

References

Keith, June (November 7, 2017). "<mask> Friday's Saturday Sale (blog)". juneinparadise.blogspot.com. June Keith via Blogspot. [self-published source]

External links
Official site
A series of chats with <mask> Friday

1933 births
2017 deaths
American feminist writers
American relationships and sexuality writers
American sex educators
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Feminism and history
Wellesley College alumni
Writers from Charleston, South Carolina
Writers from Pittsburgh
Neurological disease deaths in New York (state)
Sex-positive feminists
American women non-fiction writers
Educators from Pennsylvania
American women educators
21st-century

masks:
Friday
Nancy Friday
Nancy
Nancy


texts:
<mask> (born 13 March 1991) is an Australian rugby league forward who plays for the St George Illawarra Dragons in the NRL. He previously captained Wests Tigers and played for the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs and Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks in the National Rugby League. He has played at representative level for the Prime Minister's XIII, NSW City Origin and New South Wales in the State of Origin series. Early life
<mask> was born in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia and was raised by his mother in an apartment above a newsagent on Norton Street, Leichhardt. He has spoken of the influence of the women in his life. He said, "My dog is female, I was a mummy's boy and a nanna's boy, my aunties would bash me and pick on me like a young brother, my missus is strong and stable, my youngest sister is my biggest fan. They’ve all been great for me."<mask> played junior rugby league with Leichhardt Juniors and participated in the Balmain Tigers Development Program. He based his game on players Jason Ryles and Ben Kennedy. He attended Holy Cross College, Ryde, and represented NSW Catholic Colleges when he was 17. In 2008, he played for the Australian schoolboys team. In 2009, <mask> played for Wests Tigers' Toyota Cup (Under-20s) team in their run to the Grand Final, but 2010 was mired by injury, with his hamstring coming close to being torn completely off the bone. However, before the start of the 2011 season, Ricky Stuart named him in a "Blues in Waiting" squad, for potential future NSW State of Origin players. He was described as one of, "the State's best crop of young talent."Playing career

2011-12
<mask>

masks:
Aaron Woods
Woods
Woods
Woods
Woods


texts: made his NRL debut for the Wests Tigers at the start of the 2011 season, the day after his 20th birthday. He came off the bench with 20 minutes remaining in the game against Canterbury. <mask> later said, "It was a Monday night against a pretty handy side. It was unreal. I’ll never forget running at Andrew Ryan and Corey Payne, thinking gee this is the NRL. I got up thinking far out, that was a good hit. But after that the nerves were gone."<mask> scored a try in his 4th appearance. He was a regular in the first-grade team throughout the year, mostly starting from the bench. His first season form was described as, "impressive," and, "one of the few constants in an erratic Wests Tigers' NRL season." He was named the club's rookie of the year. With the departure of Bryce Gibbs and Todd Payten, <mask> became a starting prop at the start of 2012 season. After seven weeks, <mask> made his senior representative debut with City Origin. Coach Brad Fittler said of his performance, "I thought he was the best prop on the field.I'm sure he'll build from this, and whether it's this year or next year, he looks like someone who can make the step up." <mask> was named as a standby player for NSW in the first two State of Origin matches of 2012, to cover for any late injuries. It was commented in the press that he had, "arguably been the form front-rower of the competition so far." Over the season he made 377 runs for 3455 metres and made 808 tackles, placing him near the best in the NRL in yardage, and in the top twenty in tackles made. He was one only 3 Wests Tigers players to appear in every game throughout the

masks: Woods Woods Woods Woods Woods


texts:
 season, and was named the club's Player of the Year. At the end of the year he was nominated for Prop of the Year at the Dally M awards. Steve Roach later said, "He virtually carried them [the Tigers] last year, when Galloway was injured.I reckon, along with James Tamou, he's the best ball-running front-rower in the comp." 2013-14
In 2013, <mask> made his State of Origin debut in game two after James Tamou was suspended for a drink-driving offence. He also played in the third game of the series, but saw limited time on the field in both matches. Playing for the Wests Tigers, <mask> was averaging a high 60 minutes per game in an inexperienced front row, before succumbing to injury late in the season. <mask> later signed a contract to remain with the Wests Tigers for a further three seasons. Despite a lucrative offer from the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles, <mask> say he was unable to leave Wests Tigers. "It was a mental thing.I love to be in the comfort zone, so I stayed here. Also, the Wests Tigers looked after me. I had a few injuries and they stuck by me; guess I was ready to give back what they gave to me." Thought by some to be the form prop during the early NRL rounds, he was considered unlucky not to be selected in the 2014 ANZAC Test. <mask> went on to be named as a starting prop for New South Wales in the 2014 State of Origin series. He was one of three NSW players to carry the ball 100 metres in game one, and then contributed to the team winning its first series in nine years. <mask> finished 2014 as the Tigers' leader in offloads and hitups, scoring a personal best 4 tries.In round 9, he

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 co-captained the team for the first time with Chris Lawrence. At the end of the season, <mask> was again chosen to play for Prime Minister's XIII, scoring two tries, and was described as "the dominant player up the middle." 2015
In May, <mask> was chosen as one of Australia's starting props in the Anzac Test. Despite <mask> making, "plenty of metres" and having, "a strong work rate", the team suffered a comprehensive defeat. A third of the way through the season, <mask> was averaging 215 metres a game, 50 more than the next best prop in the competition. <mask> was again chosen as a starting prop for NSW in the 2015 State of Origin series. Playing in a losing team in game one, he ran for 141 metres with the ball and made 41 tackles without a miss, with the Herald Sun asking, "Is there any doubting now he's the game's new top prop?"In the second game, he ran for a game-high 150 metres and brushed past opponent Matt Scott to score a try in the second half that saw NSW take a match-winning lead. Although not awarded the Man of the Match, he was given 3 Dally M points for being rated the best player on the field, momentarily placing him first on the Dally M leader-board. However, in the third match, <mask> was criticised for conceding too many penalties in the Blues series-deciding loss. Despite missing games due to State of Origin and injury, <mask> was in the competition's top 20 players for hit-ups and yardage and was named at prop in the NRL website's team of the year. In the absence of Robbie Farah, <mask> captained Wests Tigers in 4 matches, all of which were losses. <mask> capped off the season

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 with the Dally M Prop of the Year award and finished runner up in the Dally M Player of the Year to Johnathan Thurston. 2016
<mask> succeeded Farah as Wests Tigers captain from 2016.He claimed his leadership technique was to, "just remain calm. People ask how the captaincy has changed things for me but I'll never change my role in the side no matter what I have next to my name. We're all equal... I just do a little bit more talking at press conferences, man." A "near certain" selection for the Anzac Test, <mask> was unable to play after suffering ligament damage and bone bruising in his ankle in round 6. At the time, he was the competition's leader for metres gained with the ball. He returned in round 10 and was chosen for New South Wales.The Blues lost the first 2 games with <mask> being very blunt when asked by Channel 9 commentators how he felt seeing Queensland win another series <mask> said "It's shithouse," <mask> told Channel Nine. "It's probably the best way to put it. We just let them off the hook again tonight like game one". <mask> was described as, "The best prop on the ground in the first half with several strong carries. The only NSW forward to run 100 metres," in game 2. He had the most metres for any forward on the ground when NSW won the third game of the series. Making 19 appearances for Wests Tigers, he was the club's leader in hit ups, and had a club-high average of 160 metres per game in attack.At year's end, he was chosen in the Australian squad for the Four Nations, but was absent from the test against New Zealand due to his wedding. Coach Mal Meninga said, "The timing is not


texts:
 perfect but family comes first and you’ve got to keep the wives happy don’t you?" He was the starting prop in all four Four Nations matches, which were all victories. 2017
With <mask> linked to the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs, the Wests Tigers imposed a deadline for <mask> to re-sign by 21 April. When <mask>' manager did not respond by the cut-off, the Wests Tigers contract offer was withdrawn. Wests Tigers CEO Justin Pascoe said, "We're really comfortable with the fact that we afforded the players every opportunity that we could to stay at the club." Before the Wests Tigers' next match, which was against the Canterbury-Bankstown, <mask> was booed by sections of the crowd before the game, but was awarded the man of the match for his performance.Soon after he signed a four-year deal with the Canterbury-Bankstown club. <mask> later said, "I’m not proud of how things went down. At the time I thought what I was doing was right, but looking back I should’ve handled things differently. I was the captain of the Wests Tigers. I grew up around the corner from Leichhardt Oval. I lost sight of what that meant and the responsibility I had continuing the legacy of the guys that came before me." On 30 July, <mask> scored his first try of the year as Wests defeated Gold Coast 26–4.2018
<mask> made his debut for Canterbury in their round 1 loss against Melbourne. Following the game, <mask> was mocked on social media and by current players for his new haircut. His trademark flowing locks were replaced by a bob hairstyle which prompted some cutting remarks. <mask> was initially surprised by all the attention and


texts:
 told the media "I copped a bit of flack during the week, There was Dora The Explorer, that Lord Farquaad bloke (from Shrek). It was a haircut gone wrong ... but I have to move on; the best way was to shave it off. Everyone is worrying about the hair. I am worrying about playing good footy for the Bulldogs".<mask> was not selected by NSW coach Brad Fittler for the 2018 State of Origin series, ending a run of 14 straight games. <mask> learned of his non-selection while sitting next to teammate David Klemmer who had received a phone call from Fittler telling him he was in the team but <mask> received none. On 26 June, <mask> left the Canterbury-Bankstown club, through a mid year switch, to join the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks. Later that day, his name was listed to face the New Zealand Warriors on his Cronulla debut. He had played 14 games for Canterbury-Bankstown for just 3 wins, with no points scored. <mask> would go on to make a total of 12 appearances for Cronulla in 2018 as the club reached the preliminary final but fell short of a grand final appearance losing to Melbourne. 2019
On 8 April, <mask> was ruled out for three months after suffering a fractured foot in Cronulla's round 4 loss against the Parramatta Eels.He made his return in round 15 against his former club Canterbury-Bankstown, playing from the bench as Cronulla lost the match 14–12. At the end of the season, Cronulla finished in 7th spot and qualified for the finals. <mask> played in the club's elimination final defeat against Manly. 2020
<mask> played 21 games for Cronulla-Sutherland in the 2020 NRL season as the club finished 8th and

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 qualified for the finals. He played in Cronulla's elimination final loss against Canberra. 2021
On 3 June, <mask> was informed by Cronulla-Sutherland that his services would not be required beyond the 2021 NRL season. In October, he joined Cronulla's arch-rivals St. George Illawarra for the 2022 NRL season.References

External links

Cronulla Sharks profile
Canterbury Bulldogs profile
Wests Tigers profile
NRL profile
2017 RLWC profile

1991 births
Australian rugby league players
Wests Tigers players
Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs players
Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks players
New South Wales City Origin rugby league team players
New South Wales Rugby League State of Origin players
Prime Minister's XIII captains
Prime Minister's XIII players
Rugby league props
Living people
Australia national rugby league team


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<mask> (; )   (8 March 1888 – 19 November 1957), was a politician and a member of <mask> family hailing from Larkana in Sindh province of British India, which is now part of Pakistan. Early life and education
<mask>, the son of <mask>, was born in a Sindhi family of Bhutto of Sindh as the youngest brother of Nawab <mask>. The <mask> family owned 250,000 acres of land spread over Larkana, Sukkur and Jacobabad. <mask> got his early education at Sindh Madressa in Karachi and later at St. Patrick's High School in Karachi. Career and dewan of Junagadh
<mask> entered the Legislative Council of the Bombay Province, of which Sindh was a part, in 1921 at the age of 33. He continued till 1936. During this time, he received the honours of CIE followed by knighthood.In 1934, he became a minister in the Bombay government. <mask> attended the Round Table Conference in 1931 as a leader of Sindhi Muslims demanding separation of Sind from the Bombay province. This was eventually granted in the Government of India Act 1935, with Sind becoming a separate province on 1 April 1936. <mask> was appointed as a chief advisor to the Governor of Sind. In preparation for the provincial elections in 1937, the Sind United Party was formed by Haji Abdullah Haroon and <mask> joined it as the vice-chairman of the party. It was modeled after the Punjab Unionist Party and claimed to represent all Sindhis irrespective of religion. Nevertheless, Bhutto brought leading pirs (Sufi saints) to influence the voters 'religiously' to cast their votes in his favour.The Sind United Party emerged as the largest party in the elections, winning 21 out of 60 seats. However, both Harron and <mask> failed to get elected. The Larkana seat, which <mask> had contested, was won by Sheikh Abdul Majid Sindhi. The Governor invited Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah, the leader of the Sind Muslim Party and a political rival of <mask> in Sind, to form a government. Large scale defections took place in the Assembly, <mask> resigned from the party and Haroon eventually merged

masks:
Shah Nawaz Bhutto
Bhutto
Shah Nawaz Bhutto
Ghulam Murtaza Bhutto
Nabi Bux Khan Bhutto
Bhutto
Shah Nawaz
Bhutto
Bhutto
Bhutto
Bhutto
Bhutto
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Bhutto
Bhutto


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 his party into the All-India Muslim League. <mask> returned to Bombay to become the Chairman of the Bombay-Sind Public Service Commission. Early in 1947, <mask> joined the council of ministers of Muhammad Mahabat Khan III the Nawab of Junagadh in the modern-day province of Gujarat, becoming its Dewan, or prime minister in May.At the time of the independence of India in 1947, the princely states were asked by the British to decide whether to join the newly independent states of India or Pakistan or to remain autonomous and outside them. The Constitutional Advisor to the Nawab, Nabi Baksh, indicated to Lord Mountbatten that he was recommending that the State should join India. However, the Nawab did not make a decision. Early in 1947, <mask> was invited to join the Council of Ministers of the Nawab. In May, when the Dewan Abdul Khadir Muhammad Hussain went abroad for medical treatment, <mask> was appointed as the Dewan. On 15 August 1947, the State announced that it had acceded to Pakistan. On 13 September 1947, the Government of Pakistan accepted the accession.However, the Hindu citizens of the State revolted, leading to several events and also a plebiscite, resulting in the integration of Junagadh into India. Nawab Muhammad Mahabat Khan III of Junagadh (erstwhile Babi Nawab dynasty of Junagadh) fled to Sindh, Pakistan. As Dewan of Junagarh; it was <mask> <mask> who wrote and signed the letter addressed to Indian Government to come and take over the administration of the Junagadh state. <mask> <mask> moved to Larkana District, where his land-ownership made him among the wealthiest and most influential people in Sindh. <mask> was a good friend of Governor General (later President) Iskander Mirza, who was a regular guest for the annual hunt in Larkana, staying at the Bhutto family home called Al-Murtaza. In the winter of 1955-1956, Mirza brought General Ayub Khan with him to Larkana for the hunt. Personal life
<mask> was a first cousin once removed of Wahid Baksh <mask>, who in 1924 was made a sardar and in

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Bhutto
Bhutto
Bhutto
Bhutto
Shah Nawaz
Bhutto
Shah Nawaz
Bhutto
Bhutto
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 1926 was elected to the Imperial Legislative Assembly from Sindh, a constituency of the Bombay Presidency, becoming the first member of the <mask> family to be elected to public office.<mask> <mask> was married to Khursheed Begum (born as Lakhi Bai), who was of a modest Hindu family. She converted from Hinduism to Islam before her marriage. Her brothers remained Hindu and eventually migrated to India. Their children included their first son, Sikandar, who died from pneumonia at the age of seven in 1914, their second child, Imdad Ali, died of cirrhosis at the age of thirty-nine in 1953. Their third son, Zulfikar <mask>, was born in his parents residence near Larkana, and later became the Prime Minister of Pakistan. Their fourth child, a daughter, Mumtaz Sahiba <mask>, was married to Brigadier Muhammad Mustafa Khan Bahadur of the Sidi clan. Honours and legacy
The British imperial government awarded <mask> the title of Khan Sahib, subsequently raising it to Khan Bahadur.<mask> was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire, Civil Division (OBE) in the 1920 New Year Honours list, with a further appointment as a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) in the 1925 New Year Honours list. In the 1930 New Year Honours, <mask> was knighted, and was invested with his knighthood on 27 February 1930 at Viceroy's House in New Delhi by the Viceroy of India, the Lord Irwin. He was a Delegate to the Round Table Conference in London in 1930-31 as a leader of Sindhi Muslims demanding separation of Sindh from the Bombay Province
 Pakistan Postal Services issued a commemorative postage stamp in his honor in its 'Pioneers of Freedom' series. See also
<mask> family
<mask>waz Bhutto

References

 Sources

1888 births
1957 deaths
Pakistani politicians
Sindhi people
Shah Nawaz
Knights Bachelor
Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Members of Central Legislative Assembly of India
Indian knights
Lawyers awarded knighthoods
Prime Ministers of Junagadh

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Bhutto
Shah Nawaz
Bhutto
Ali Bhutto
Bhutto
Bhutto
Bhutto
Bhutto
Bhutto
Shahna


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<mask> (born February 27, 1992) is an American football inside linebacker who is currently a free agent. He played college football at Michigan. He was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the fourth round of the 2015 NFL Draft. High school career
In high school, <mask> was rated as the 30th best high school football inside linebacker in the country by Rivals.com. He was rated as the 60th and 81st best outside linebacker in the national class of 2010 by ESPN.com and Scout.com, respectively. He was regarded as the 34th best player in the state of Ohio by Rivals. <mask> was a participant in the Ohio North–South All-Star game.He recovered the onside kick to secure the Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA) championship as a junior. <mask> had offers from Ball State, Toledo and a number of other Mid-American Conference, but he grew  and  prior to his senior year. Since Saint Ignatius High School has many Michigan Wolverine alumni, <mask> suspects that sudden late interest from Michigan was prompted by one of them. College career

<mask> redshirted his freshman year for the 2010 Michigan Wolverines football team. As a redshirt freshman, he started in the September 3 opener for the 2011 team against Western Michigan as a result of a back injury to Cam Gordon. In the game, <mask> deflected a pass that was intercepted and returned for a touchdown. He went on to start 11 games and play in all 13.On September 24, 2011 against new head coach Brady Hoke's former team, San Diego State, <mask> had two fumble recoveries. His first career quarterback sack came on October 1 in the Little Brown Jug rivalry game against Minnesota. It was his only sack that year until the final game of the season. In the January 3, 2012 Sugar Bowl 23–20 overtime victory against Virginia Tech, <mask> had 4 tackles for a loss, including one sack and one 22-yard loss by David Wilson. During the game, he had his season-high 7 tackles (6 solo). For the season, he earned 2011 Big Ten All-Freshman team recognition from both ESPN.com and BTN.com as well as 2011 Rivals.com 2nd team

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Jacob William Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
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Ryan
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texts: All-Freshman and College Football News All-Freshman honorable mention honors. <mask> finished among the conference leaders in tackles for a loss/game (.85, t-15th).Prior to the second game of the 2012 season against Air Force, <mask>'s number was changed from 90 to 47 following a ceremony for Bennie Oosterbaan in which his retired number was placed back into circulation as a Michigan Football Legend jersey. On October 13, <mask> was selected as Big Ten Defensive player of the week when he posted a career-high 11 tackles (3.5 for a loss and 1.5 sacks). <mask> was named an All-Big Ten second team selection by the media and an honorable mention selection by the coaches. During Spring practice in 2013, <mask> tore his anterior cruciate ligament. When <mask> was initially injured in the spring, there was no official diagnosis of his expected return to football, but ACL injuries typically require a year to fully heal. By August <mask> was expected to return to the field in mid October. On August 25, 2013, he was named one of four team co-captains along with Taylor Lewan, Courtney Avery, and Cam Gordon.<mask> was cleared to play by doctors on October 7, ahead of the October 12 contest against Penn State. <mask> entered the 2014 season on the preseason watchlists for the Bronko Nagurski Trophy, Butkus Award, Lombardi Award, and Bednarik Award. <mask> was a late addition to the Lott IMPACT Trophy watch list. In the offseason, Michigan announced that <mask> would be moving to middle linebacker. In the September 6 Michigan–Notre Dame football rivalry game, <mask> tied his career high with 11 tackles against Notre Dame. On October 13, <mask> was recognized as Big Ten co-Defensive Player of the Week (along with Damien Wilson) after recording 10 tackles (3 for a loss) against Penn State on October 11. On October 27, <mask> became one of 15 semifinalists for the Butkus Award.On November 3, <mask> was again recognized as Big Ten co-Defensive Player of the Week (along with Louis Trinca-Pasat) after recording 11 tackles (2.5 for a loss and 2 forced fumbles)

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 against Indiana on November 1. On November 24, <mask> was named one of five finalist for the Butkus Award. Following the regular season, he was named first team All-Big Ten by both the coaches and the media. He was an honorable mention selection to the 2014 College Football All-America Team by Sports Illustrated. He won The Roger Zatkoff Award as the team's top linebacker in 2012, 2013, and 2014. College statistics

Professional career
On December 13, 2014, it was announced that <mask> had accepted his invitation to play in the 2015 East–West Shrine Game. On January 17, 2015, <mask> attended the East–West Shrine Game and recorded five combined tackles, a tackle for a loss, and one sack as part of Mike Singletary's East team that defeated the North 19–3.He was one of 34 collegiate linebackers to attend the 2015 NFL Scouting Combine in Indianapolis, Indiana. <mask> completed all of the combine drills and finished fifth among all participating linebackers in the three-cone drill, tied for sixth in the short shuttle, and finished eighth in the 40-yard dash. On March 12, 2015, <mask> attended Michigan's pro day, but opted to stand on his combine numbers and only perform positional drills for scouts and team representatives from 18 NFL teams. During the pre-draft process, <mask> attended a private visit with the Miami Dolphins. At the conclusion of the pre-draft process, <mask> was projected to be a fourth or fifth round pick by NFL draft experts and scouts. He was ranked the 12th best outside linebacker prospect in the draft by NFLDraftScout.com and was ranked the 15th best outside linebacker by ESPN. Green Bay Packers

2015
The Green Bay Packers selected <mask> in the fourth round (129th overall) of the 2015 NFL Draft.He was the 15th linebacker drafted in 2015. On May 7, 2015, the Green Bay Packers signed <mask> to a four-year, $2.73 million contract that includes a signing bonus of $456,678. Throughout training camp, <mask> competed for a job as a starting inside linebacker after they were left vacant after the release of A. J. Hawk and Brad

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 Jones. He competed against Clay Matthews III, Sam Barrington, Nate Palmer, Joe Thomas, and Carl Bradford. Head coach Mike McCarthy named <mask> the fourth inside linebacker on the depth chart behind Clay Matthews, Sam Barrington, and Nate Palmer to begin the regular season. He made his professional regular season debut in the Green Bay Packers' season-opener at the Chicago Bears and recorded one solo tackle during their 31–23 victory. <mask> was promoted to the third inside linebacker after Sam Barrington suffered a season-ending foot injury during the game.In Week 3, <mask> recorded a solo tackle on special teams as the Packers defeated the Kansas City Chiefs 38–28. He left the game in the third quarter after sustaining a hamstring injury and was sidelined for the next two games (Weeks 4–5). On November 8, 2015, <mask> recorded a season-high ten combined tackles during a 37–29 loss at the Carolina Panthers. In Week 10, <mask> made his first career start after defensive coordinator Dom Capers elected to start him at inside linebacker over Nate Palmer. He recorded a season-high tying ten combined tackles in the Packers' 27–23 win at the Detroit Lions. He remained the starting inside linebacker with Clay Matthews for the last five games of the season. <mask> finished his rookie season in  with 50 combined tackles (35 solo) and a fumble recovery in 14 games and five starts.Pro Football Focus gave <mask> an overall grade of 42.5 for his rookie season. His overall grade was poor due to his issues with pass coverage. The Green Bay Packers finished second in the NFC North with a 10–6 record and received a playoff berth. On January 10, 2016, <mask> started his first career playoff games and recorded five combined tackles in a 35–18 victory at the Washington Redskins in the NFC Wildcard game. They were eliminated after being defeated 26–20 in overtime by the Arizona Cardinals in the NFC Divisional round. 2016
During open practices and organized team activities, <mask> and rookie Blake Martinez impressed coaches by developing a rapport and chemistry

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 while they both received first team at inside linebacker. They were dubbed by "<mask> and Blake" by fans, a play on "Shake and Bake", a catchphrase of popularized by the film Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby.<mask> was named the starting inside linebacker with Blake Martinez to start the regular season, with Clay Matthews moving back to starting outside linebacker with Nick Perry. He started the Green Bay Packers' season-opener at the Jacksonville Jaguars and made seven combined tackles and his first career pass deflection during their 27–23 victory. In Week 9, <mask> recorded a season-high 12 combined tackles and broke up a pass as the Packers lost to the Indianapolis Colts 31–26. On November 13, <mask> suffered an ankle injury during a 47–25 loss at the Tennessee Titans missed the next two games. <mask> finished the  season with a career-high 82 combined tackles (57 solo) and three pass deflections in 14 games and ten starts. He received an overall grade of 76.4 from Pro Football Focus and was ranked their third most improved second year Player. The Green Bay Packers finished atop their division with a 10–6 record and received a playoff berth.On January 8, 2017, <mask> recorded 12 combined tackles and a career-high three pass break ups in the Packers' 38–13 win against the New York Giants in the NFC Wildcard game. After defeating the Dallas Cowboys in the NFC Divisional round, the Green Bay Packers lost 44–21 at the Atlanta Falcons in the NFC Championship. In the loss to the Falcons, <mask> had four total tackles. 2017
<mask> and Martinez returned as the starting inside linebackers to begin the 2017 regular season. He was sidelined for a Week 3 win against the Cincinnati Bengals after sustaining a hamstring injury and concussion the previous week. December 3, 2017, <mask> recorded ten combined tackles and made his first career sack on Tampa Bay Buccaneers' quarterback Jameis Winston during a 26–20 victory. In Week 16, <mask> collected a season-high 11 combined tackles in the Packers' 16–0 loss to the Minnesota Vikings.He

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 finished the  season with 81 combined tackles (52 solo) and a sack in 15 games and 12 starts. Pro Football Focus gave <mask> an overall grade of 82.1, which ranked 19th among all qualified linebackers in 2017. The Green Bay Packers did not qualify for the playoffs after they finished third in the NFC North with a 7–9 record. Offensive coordinator Edgar Bennett and defensive coordinator Dom Capers were both fired at the end of the season. 2018
On July 30, 2018, <mask> suffered a knee injury in training camp and was carted off the field. On August 1, an MRI revealed that he suffered a torn ACL, keeping him out the rest of the year. Jacksonville Jaguars
On March 19, 2019, <mask> signed with the Jacksonville Jaguars.He was placed on the reserve/non-football injury list on August 31, 2019 to start the season. He was activated on November 30, 2019. He was placed back on injured reserve on December 10, 2019. On February 24, 2020, the Jaguars declined the option on <mask>'s contract, making him a free agent. Baltimore Ravens
<mask> signed with the Baltimore Ravens on May 4, 2020. He was released on June 11 with a non-football injury designation. Career statistics

Regular season

Postseason

Personal life
<mask> comes from a family of football players: older brother Connor (wide receiver) and younger brother Zack (linebacker) played for Ball State; father, Tim, was a wide receiver at Wake Forest (1980–84); maternal grandfather, Francis E. Sweeney, an Ohio Supreme Court justice, played defensive tackle for Xavier as well as in the Canadian Football League.<mask> is Catholic. References

External links

Green Bay Packers bio
Michigan Wolverines bio
<mask> at NCAA
<mask> at CBS Sports
<mask> at ESPN.com
<mask> archive at Michigan Daily
Ryan archive at AnnArbor.com

1992 births
Living people
American football linebackers
Baltimore Ravens players
Green Bay Packers players
Jacksonville Jaguars players
Michigan Wolverines football players
People from Fairview, Ohio
People from Westlake, Ohio
Players of American football from Ohio
Sportspeople from Cuyahoga

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<mask> (born circa 1951/1952) is a British radio and television presenter. He was the opening announcer and TV anchor at the Live Aid concert in 1985, and is the only presenter to have fronted all three of the BBC's leading pop music programmes, The Old Grey Whistle Test and Top of the Pops on television and the Radio One Top 40 show. Early career
<mask> grew up in Portsmouth where he attended Portsmouth Grammar School. In 1970, while still at school, he co-founded Portsmouth Hospital Broadcasting, a radio station serving the Royal Portsmouth Hospital. He later became a newspaper reporter for The News in Portsmouth and a newspaper in Kent before joining BBC Radio Medway as a music presenter. Later in 1971, <mask> joined BBC Radio Solent as a station assistant; he would later present weekly pop show Beat 'n Track on Solent. Radio 1
In October 1973, <mask> joined BBC Radio 1 as one of the original presenters of Newsbeat.He continued in this role until 1980, when he became a regular presenter of music programmes for Radio 1, taking over the Monday-Thursday evening show from Mike Read in December 1980. At the same time <mask> continued with Newsbeat as a studio producer and also worked as an in-vision continuity announcer for Thames Television. According to <mask>, during his time working on Newsbeat he broke the news of the death of John Lennon to Paul McCartney's household by phone in the early hours of 9 December 1980. In late 1981, <mask> became presenter of Radio 1's Rock On magazine show on Saturday afternoons and Roundtable on Friday evenings, on which he and guests would review the week's new releases. He continued with the programme until late 1985. In addition to Roundtable, from 1983 <mask> presented the Saturday Live show from 4 to 6:30pm alongside Andy Batten-Foster. On 30 September 1984, 17 years to the day after Radio 1 began, <mask> took over the Sunday afternoon Top 40 show, also broadcast on FM.That same day David Jensen, who had just left

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Richard Skinner
Skinner
Skinner
Skinner
Skinner
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 Radio 1, started presenting The Network Chart Show on commercial radio in competition. On BBC television, <mask> presented Top of the Pops from 1980 to 1985 and The Old Grey Whistle Test from 1984 to 1986. He also played two roles in the Band Aid and Live Aid phenomenon of the 1980s. Instead of publicising a new Boomtown Rats release as planned, Bob Geldof announced the creation of the Band Aid project on <mask>'s Radio 1 show in 1984. Then on 13 July 1985, <mask> made the opening announcement at Live Aid ("It's twelve noon in London ...") as the event got underway. He also fronted the first hours of BBC TV's Bafta Award-winning coverage. Capital London
In the spring of 1986, <mask> left Radio 1 to join Capital Radio, and was replaced on the chart show by Bruno Brookes, the only Top 40 presenter to leave by his own accord.At Capital, he presented on its FM Album Rock station CFM and hosted The Way It Is – Capital's equivalent of Radio 1's Newsbeat. Return to Radio 1
In October 1988, when Radio 1 – which had acquired its own FM transmitters – extended its hours, <mask> rejoined the station to host a midnight show to play a mix of album-orientated music. In late 1989, <mask> took over the Saturday afternoon Radio 1 show the 'Saturday Sequence' from Roger Scott following the latter's early death from cancer. In 1991 <mask> also took over the helming of Scott's series Classic Albums. In April 1990, he left the midnight show to be replaced by Bob Harris, but continued with the Saturday Sequence, where he remained until 1991, when Johnnie Walker took over. GLR
From the turn of the 1990s, while still at Radio 1, <mask> also presented a daily show on BBC GLR, an eclectic mix of music, recorded and live, and live interviews from pop to politics. This continued until the end of December 1992.Virgin Radio
On 30 April 1993, he hosted Virgin Radio's first programme playing two exclusive premiere cover tracks: "Born To Be Wild" by INXS and "Purple Haze" by The Cure.

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 His weekday morning show ran from then until the autumn of 1996. Magic
After a short spell at London's Liberty Radio as breakfast presenter alongside Carol McGiffin, in 1997 <mask> joined London's Melody FM, which later became Magic 105.4, presenting the mid-morning show for six years until September 2003. In August 2013 <mask> returned to Magic 105.4 to provide cover for holidaying presenters. <mask> also continued to provide cover in 2014. Virgin Radio Classic Rock
In late 2003, <mask> was freelancing at the south-coast station Wave 105. Then in early 2004 he rejoined Virgin Radio on the London digital station Virgin Radio Classic Rock, where he hosted the mid-morning show, which was initially recorded, but broadcast live from 27 June 2005.During this period, he provided holiday cover on Virgin Radio. He left when live programming on Virgin Radio Classic Rock was abandoned in December 2005. Classic Gold/BBC Radio Berkshire
After freelancing on the Classic Gold network, in April 2006 <mask> joined BBC Radio Berkshire to host the Saturday and Sunday mid-morning programmes. During this time he also covered for holidaying presenters. He left on 6 January 2008. Original 106
In January 2008, <mask> joined Original 106 presenting weekday mid-mornings and the show <mask>'s Original Album Chart on Sunday afternoons. Xfm/Radio X
<mask> joined Xfm, now known as Radio X, in January 2009 to present the station's networked mid-morning show in London and Manchester.<mask> left Xfm in August 2011. Absolute Radio 70s

In October 2011, <mask> was announced to host the opening show for the station Absolute Radio 70s on 29 November. <mask> presented afternoons on Absolute Radio 70s through March 2012. Afterwards, Martyn Lee replaced <mask> as afternoon host. References

External links

1950s births
British radio personalities
British radio DJs
Living people
People educated at Portsmouth Grammar School
People from Portsmouth
BBC Radio 1 presenters
Top of the Pops

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<mask>, frequently also J. F<mask>, (11 February 1725 – 24 March 1792) was a Danish-Norwegian industrialist, major general, landowner and founder of Det Classenske Fideicommis. He served as chancellery adviser to King <mask><mask> built the manor house Arresødal in 1773, he renovated the Neoclassical manor house Corselitze in 1777, and built the General's Summerhouse by the Corselitze Forest. Early years
<mask> was born in Oslo (then called Christiania), where his father (from Sønderborg on the Danish island of Als), was an organist. The father, who had the same name as his son, was born 1697 and died 1775; his mother, Maria, born Walter (1702-1768 ), was from a Norwegian farmer family. After having gone through grammar school in his hometown, he became a theology candidate at University of Copenhagen in 1741, taking his examinations three years later. Career

Despite his studies, it was not <mask>'s intention to make a theological career. He seems immediately to have thrown himself into other activities after coming into contact with Norwegian businessmen, possibly also participating in the high-level college of commercial advisors known as Kommercekollegiet of which a relative, Counsellor Christian Walter, was a member.When <mask> V visited Norway in 1749, Classen accompanied Admiral Andreas Rosenpalm, who was associated with various Norwegian businessmen including Erik Anker and Matthias Wærn of Norway's Moss Cannon Foundry. When only 24, Classen became a supplier of munitions to the State, in particular as commissioner for the Moss foundry, a post he held until c. 1759. As such, he conducted negotiations with army headquarters. He seems to have had influential friends in the king's immediate circle. In 1751, he received the title of Chancellry Counsellor and in 1753, was appointed Secretary of Kommercekollegiet. Immediately after the 1750 death of the Danish merchant, Andreas Bjørn,

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. Classen
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texts: Classen became involved in the annual delivery of munitions to the Berbers in Algiers. He began by delivering 8,000 cannonballs, followed by gunpowder (500 centner), rope and timber, soon receiving a permanent contract to provide the delivery annually.His international trading ties developed through his connection with the former Spanish ambassador in Copenhagen, Marqués de Puente Fuerte. The work brought him into contact with a variety of industrialists, inciting him to become a businessman himself. In 1754, <mask> unsuccessfully sought to establish a glassworks; the following year, he bought a ceramic kiln factory outside Copenhagen's Østerport. In 1756, a dispute arose between <mask> and the directors of the Moss foundry, and by 1759, <mask> ceased to be an agent there. The same year, <mask> V entrusted <mask> and another businessman, Just Fabritius, with land at Agatmølle, the point where the Arresø runs into Isefjorden, on which to develop a cannon and munitions factory. De Peyrembert, a Frenchman, had unsuccessfully attempted to produce cannons there. Responding to the king's wishes, <mask> and Fabritius embarked not only on the production of cannons and gunpowder but on all types of weaponry.As the land had been allocated by Frederik V, Classen named the foundry "Frederiksværk"; it became Denmark's first factory town. Fabritius provided the capital but it was <mask> who became the active leader of the Frederiksværk operations, receiving the appointment of Commissioner General for War and Munitions with the title of chancellor. The business did well, benefitting from supplies for the Seven Years' War from 1756. Although he was interested in the technical side of the enterprise, it was above all <mask>'s abilities as an administrator and businessman which led to the factory's success. Within a few years, Frederiksværk became Denmark's one and only industrial town. Thanks to the quality

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texts: of both its gunpowder and cannons, the factory quickly became competitive. By 1765, the number of workers had increased to some 400.While there were later minor reductions in the workforce, the factory was able to support the development of a small town as the facilities expanded to include a watermill, a brickyard, an oven foundry, a candle factory, a decorative iron works, a goldsmiths and a rope walk. Classen's enterprise also received support from the State. In 1760, to supplement the workforce a number of tenant farms were transferred to the enterprise and in 1764 all the tenant farms in the surrounding parishes of Kregme, Vinderød, Melby and Torup were included, as well as Halsnæs, Rorup and Havelse Skove came under its jurisdiction. In 1757, as commissioner for war and munitions, Classen earned 800 rigsdaler a year while in 1760, he received the position of commissioner general of the army commissariat, the body with which he signed contracts for army supplies. When Fabritius said he wished to withdraw from Frederiksværk, the king bought the factory for 130,000 rigsdaler, but <mask> was allowed to remain in control so that "on his own account he can pick and choose as he wishes." One of Classen's patrons was Saint-Germain who was striving to improve Danish artillery. In 1767, with the agreement of the king, this led to a contract whereby Frederiksværk and its only real competitor, the Kronborg rifle factory, were to support Classen while the State committed an annual sum of 120,000 rigsdaler over the next 30 years for the purchase of arms and munitions from the two factories.Shortly afterwards, however, Saint-Germain was dismissed and in April 1768, an investigative committee was set up with <mask>'s opponent, Ditlev Reventlow (1712–1783) as chairman. The committee found that the arrangements had all been set up in favour of <mask> with the result that he had to give up the Kronborg

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 rifle factory, which was transferred to Heinrich Carl von Schimmelmann, and pay 100,000 rigsdaler for Frederiksværk without any guarantee of contracts from the state. After an attempt to reestablish Copenhagen's Gjethuset as a cannon foundry proved unsuccessful, <mask> concluded a contract with the army in 1770 which guaranteed that he was to be its sole supplier of gunpowder and cannons. The contract, which also specified an annual subsidy for operating the factory in addition to payments for the supplies, was renewed every year until Classen died. Furthermore, Frederiksværk concluded contracts for supplying weapons and munitions to large trading companies and to the navy. In 1769, the business was extended to produce stoves and cooking pots although not all <mask>'s attempts to bring other industries to the town were successful. Other occupations

In addition to his industrial and trading activities, <mask>litze and Carlsfeldt estates on Falster from Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel and, in 1773 and 1776, established Arresødal and Grønnesøgård on the Frederiksværk estate. His powers of initiative and administration also benefitted his agricultural ventures. He established the fishing communities of Sølager and Liseleje and developed large-scale plantations around Frederiksværk although his eagerness to persuade farmers to adopt better production methods does not appear to have led to meaningful results. In 1756, he bought a summer residence with a large garden near Østerport from the Danneskjold-Laurwigenske heirs. He increased its size in 1765 when he bought an adjacent property known as Fiskerhuset from Hans von Ahlefeldt. Today it is known as Classens Have (Classen's Garden). A patron of literature, Classen bought books at home and abroad until he had amassed a large library.Recognition
Classen's extensive business operations brought him both wealth and recognition. In 1775, he was given

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 the title of major-general and was awarded the Order of the Dannebrog while in 1783 he received the status of excellency. He also enjoyed friendships with the most influential figures of the times including Adam Gottlob Moltke, Hans Ahlefeldt, the Bernstorffs, Saint-Germain, Ove Høegh-Guldberg, General Heinrich Wilhelm von Huth and General Peter Elias von Gähler. Legacy

In his will, with the exception of Frederiksværk, Classen left all his assets and possessions to a charitable foundation, Det Classenske Fideicommis. It was to be used "to educate good people to become the best in the State, to support and promote industriousness and diligence in the areas most necessary for the country's well-being, and to help to alleviate poverty and misery." The fund, still with considerable assets today, has been used to establish Næsgaard Agerbrugsskole, a farming school in Stubbekøbing, Falster (now Næsgaard Efterskole). The Classen Library in Amaliegade in Copenhagen was built for his extensive library of some 20,000 volumes, with significant collections in the areas of economics, geography and science.In 1867, it was shared between the Agricultural University and the University Library in Copenhagen. Personal life
Classen married Anna Elisabeth Fabritius de Tengnagels (1735-1786). She had two daughters from her first marriage, Marie Margarethe Baroness Iselin (1756-1814) and Anna Elisabeth Baroness Iselin (1760-1805). His brother, Peter Hersleb <mask> (1738–1825), a high-level State official, later became director of Det Classenske Fideicommis. References

1725 births
1792 deaths
18th-century Danish businesspeople
Norwegian emigrants to Denmark
People from Frederiksværk
Danish industrialists
Danish manufacturing businesspeople
Danish company founders
Danish philanthropists
Businesspeople from Copenhagen
Danish generals
Noble Knights of the Order of the Dannebrog
Bibliophiles
18th-century


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<mask> (September 13, 1941 – April 1, 2010) was an American engineer, entrepreneur and medical doctor who invented the first commercially successful personal computer in 1974. He is most often known as "the father of the personal computer." He founded Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS) in 1970 to sell electronics kits to model rocketry hobbyists, but the first successful product was an electronic calculator kit that was featured on the cover of the November 1971 issue of Popular Electronics. The calculators were very successful and sales topped one million dollars in 1973. A brutal calculator price war left the company deeply in debt by 1974. <mask> then developed the Altair 8800 personal computer that used the new Intel 8080 microprocessor. This was featured on the cover of the January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics, and hobbyists flooded MITS with orders for this $397 computer kit.Bill Gates and Paul Allen joined MITS to develop software and Altair BASIC was  Microsoft's first product. <mask> sold MITS in 1977 and retired to Georgia where he farmed, studied medicine and eventually became a small-town doctor living in Cochran, Georgia. Early life
<mask> was born on September 13, 1941 in Miami, Florida to Henry Melvin <mask>, an appliance repairman, and <mask> <mask>, a homemaker. His younger sister Cheryl was born in 1947. During World War II, while his father was in the Army, <mask> and his mother lived on the Wilcher family farm in Wheeler County, Georgia. After the war, the family returned to Miami, but <mask> would spend his summers with his grandparents in rural Georgia. <mask>' father had an appliance repair business in Miami.<mask> became interested in electronics and built a small relay-based computer while in high school. Medicine was his true passion, however, and he entered University of Miami with the intention of becoming a doctor, the first in his family to attend college. There he met a neurosurgeon who shared his interest in electronics. The doctor suggested that <mask> get an engineering degree before applying to medical

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 school, and <mask> changed his major to electrical engineering. <mask> married Joan Clark while at the university, and when she became pregnant <mask> knew that he would have to drop out of school to support his new family. The U.S. Air Force had a program that would pay for college, and in May 1962 he enlisted with the hope of finishing his degree through the Airman Education & Commissioning Program. After basic training, <mask> attended the Cryptographic Equipment Maintenance School at Lackland Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas.Because of his electrical engineering studies at college, <mask> was made an instructor at the Cryptographic School when he finished the course. To augment his meager enlisted man's pay, <mask> worked on several off-duty projects and even set up a one-man company, Reliance Engineering. The most notable job was to create the electronics that animated the Christmas characters in the window display of Joske's department store in San Antonio. In 1965, he was selected for an Air Force program to complete his college degree and become a commissioned officer. <mask> earned an electrical engineering degree from Oklahoma State University in 1968 and was assigned to the Laser Division of the Weapons Laboratory at Kirtland AFB in Albuquerque, New Mexico. In 1968, he looked into applying to medical school but learned that, at age 27, he was considered too old. Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems

Roberts worked with Forrest Mims at the Weapons Laboratory, and both shared an interest in model rocketry.Mims was an advisor to the Albuquerque Model Rocket Club and met the publisher of Model Rocketry magazine at a rocketry conference. This led to an article in the September 1969 issue of Model Rocketry, "Transistorized Tracking Light for Night Launched Model Rockets". <mask>, Mims, and lab coworkers Stan Cagle and Bob Zaller decided that they could design and sell electronics kits to model rocket hobbyists. <mask> wanted to call the new company Reliance Engineering, but Mims wanted to form an acronym similar to the Massachusetts Institute

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 of Technology's MIT. Cagle came up with Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS). They advertised the light flasher, a roll rate sensor with transmitter, and other kits in Model Rocketry, but the sales were disappointing. Mims wrote an article about the new technology of light-emitting diodes that was to be published in the November 1970 issue of Popular Electronics magazine.He asked the editors if they also wanted a project story, and they agreed. <mask> and Mims developed an LED communicator that would transmit voice on an infrared beam of light to a receiver hundreds of feet away. Readers could buy a kit of parts to build the Opticom LED Communicator from MITS for $15. MITS sold just over a hundred kits. Mims was now out of the Air Force and wanted to pursue a career as a technology writer. <mask> bought out his original partners and focused the company on the emerging market of electronic calculators. Calculators

<mask>'s first real experience with computers came while at Oklahoma State University where engineering students had free access to an IBM 1620 computer.His office at the Weapons Laboratory had the state of the art Hewlett-Packard 9100A programmable calculator in 1968. <mask> had always wanted to build a digital computer and, in July 1970, Electronic Arrays announced a set of six LSI integrated circuits that would make a four-function calculator. <mask> was determined to design a calculator kit and got fellow Weapons Laboratory officers William Yates and <mask> to invest in the project with time and money. The first product was a "four-function" calculator that could add, subtract, multiply, and divide. The display was only eight digits, but the calculations were performed with 16 digits precision. The MITS Model 816 calculator kit was featured on the November 1971 cover of Popular Electronics. The kit sold for $179 and an assembled unit was $275.Unlike the previous kits that MITS had offered, thousands of calculator orders came in each month. The monthly sales reached $100,000 in March 1973, and MITS moved to a larger building with

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 10,000 square feet (930 square meters) of space. In 1973, MITS was selling every calculator that they could make, and 110 employees worked in two shifts assembling them. The functionality of calculator integrated circuits increased at a rapid pace and <mask> was designing and producing new models. The popularity of electronic calculators drew the traditional office equipment companies and the semiconductor companies into the market. In September 1972, Texas Instruments (TI) introduced the TI-2500 portable four-function calculator that sold for $120. The larger companies could sell below cost to win market share.By early 1974, <mask> found that he could purchase a calculator in a retail store for less than his cost of materials. MITS was now $300,000 in debt, and <mask> was looking for a new hit product. Altair 8800 computer

<mask> decided to return to the kit market with a low cost computer. The target customer would think that "some assembly required" was a desirable feature. In April 1974, Intel released the 8080 microprocessor that <mask> felt was powerful enough for his computer kit, but each 8080 chip sold for $360 in small quantities. <mask> felt that the price of a computer kit had to be under $400; to meet this price, he agreed to order 1,000 microprocessors from Intel for $75 each. The company was down to 20 employees and a bank loan for $65,000 financed the design and initial production of the new computer.<mask> told the bank that he expected to sell 800 computers, but he guessed that it would be around 200. Art Salsberg, editorial director of Popular Electronics, was looking for a computer construction project, and his technical editor Les Solomon knew that MITS was working on an Intel 8080-based computer kit. <mask> assured Solomon that the project would be complete by November to meet the press deadline for the January 1975 issue. The first prototype was finished in October and shipped to Popular Electronics in New York for the cover photograph, but it was lost in transit. Solomon already had a number of pictures of the machine, and the article

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texts: was based on them. <mask> and Yates got to work on building a replacement. The computer on the magazine cover was an empty box with just switches and LEDs on the front panel.The finished Altair computer had a completely different circuit board layout than the prototype shown in the magazine. MITS products typically had generic names such as the Model 1440 Calculator or the Model 1600 Digital Voltmeter. The editors of Popular Electronics wanted a more alluring name for the computer. MITS technical writer David Bunnell came up with three pages of possible names, but <mask> was too busy finishing the computer design to choose one. There are several versions of the story of who selected Altair as the computer name. At the first Altair Computer Convention (March 1976), Les Solomon told the audience that the name was inspired by his 12-year-old daughter Lauren. "She said why don't you call it Altair – that's where the [Star Trek] Enterprise is going tonight."The December 1976 issue of Popular Science misquoted this account, giving credit to <mask>' daughter. His only daughter Dawn was not born until 1983. Both of these versions have appeared in many books, magazines, and web sites. Editor Alexander Burawa recalls a less dramatic version. The Altair was originally going to be named the PE-8 (Popular Electronics 8-bit), but Les Solomon thought this name to be rather dull, so Solomon, Burawa, and John McVeigh decided that: "It's a stellar event, so let's name it after a star." McVeigh suggested "Altair", the twelfth-brightest star in the sky. When the January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics reached readers in mid-December 1974, MITS was flooded with orders.They had to hire extra people just to answer the phones. In February, MITS received 1,000 orders for the Altair 8800. The quoted delivery time was 60 days, but it was many more months before the machines were shipped. By August 1975, they had shipped over 5,000 computers. The Altair 8800 computer was a break-even sale for MITS. They needed to sell additional memory boards, I/O boards, and other options to make a

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 profit. The April 1975 issue of the MITS newsletter Computer Notes had a page-long price list that offered over 15 optional boards.The delivery time given was 60 or 90 days, but many items were never produced and dropped from future price lists. Initially, <mask> decided to concentrate on production of the computers. Prompt delivery of optional boards did not occur until October 1975. There were several design and component problems in the MITS 4K Dynamic RAM board. By July, new companies such as Processor Technology were selling 4K Static RAM boards with the promise of reliable operation. <mask> acknowledged the 4K Dynamic RAM board problems in the October 1975 Computer Notes. The price was reduced from $264 to $195 and existing purchasers got a $50 refund.MITS released its own 4K Static RAM board in January 1976. Several other companies started making add-in boards and the first clone, the IMSAI 8080, was available in December 1975. Altair BASIC

Bill Gates was a student at Harvard University and Paul Allen worked for Honeywell in Boston when they saw the Altair computer on the cover of Popular Electronics. They had previously written software for the earlier Intel 8008 microprocessor and knew the Intel 8080 was powerful enough to support a BASIC interpreter. They sent a letter to MITS claiming to have a BASIC interpreter for the 8080 microprocessor. <mask> was interested, so Gates and Allen began work on the software. Both had experience with the Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-10 minicomputers that they would use.Allen modified the DEC Macro Assembler to produce code for the Intel 8080 and wrote a program to emulate the 8080 so they could test their BASIC without having an Altair computer. Using DEC's BASIC-PLUS language as a guide, Gates determined what features would work with the limited resources of the Altair computer. Gates then started writing the 8080 assembly-language code on yellow legal pads. In February Gates and Allen started using a PDP-10 at Harvard to write and debug BASIC. They also enlisted another Harvard student, Monte Davidoff, to

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texts: write the floating-point math routines. Paul Allen flew to Albuquerque, New Mexico, in March 1975 to test BASIC on a real Altair 8800 computer. <mask> picked him up at the airport in his pickup truck and drove to the nondescript storefront where MITS was located.Allen was not impressed. The Altair computer with 7 kB of memory that BASIC required was still being tested and would not be ready until the next day. <mask> had booked Allen in the most expensive hotel in Albuquerque and the room was $40 more than Allen brought with him. <mask> paid for the room and wondered who is this software guy who can not afford a room in a hotel. The next day the Altair with 7 kB had finally passed its memory test and Allen had their BASIC interpreter on a paper tape Bill Gates had created just before Allen left Boston. It took almost 15 minutes for the Teletype to load the program into the Altair then the Teletype printed "MEMORY SIZE?" Allen entered 7168 and the Teletype printed "READY".Both Allen and <mask> were stunned their software and hardware actually worked. They entered several small programs and they worked. The BASIC interpreter was not complete and crashed several times, but <mask> had a high level language for his computer. <mask> hired Allen as Vice President and Director of Software at MITS. Bill Gates also worked at MITS; the October 1975 company newsletter gives his title as "Software Specialist". Bill Gates remained at Harvard, but continued working on BASIC. Students were allowed to use the DEC PDP-10, but officials were not pleased when they found that Gates was developing a commercial product.The school then implemented a policy that forced Gates to use a commercial time share service to work on BASIC. On July 22, 1975, MITS signed a contract for the Altair BASIC with Bill Gates and Paul Allen. They received $3,000 at signing and a royalty for each copy of BASIC sold, with a cap of $180,000. MITS received an exclusive worldwide license to the program for 10 years. They also had exclusive rights to sublicense the program to other companies and agreed to use

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 its "best efforts" to license, promote and commercialize the program. MITS would supply the computer time necessary for development on a PDP-10 owned by the Albuquerque school district. MITS realized that BASIC was a competitive advantage and bundled the software with computer hardware sales.Customers who purchased the computer, memory, and I/O boards from MITS could get BASIC for $75; the standalone price was $500. Many hobbyists purchased their hardware from a third-party and "borrowed" a copy of Altair BASIC. <mask> refused to sub-license BASIC to other companies; this led to arbitration in 1977 between MITS and the new "Micro-Soft". The arbitrator agreed with Microsoft and allowed them to license the 8080 BASIC to other companies. <mask> was disappointed with this ruling. Since both Allen and Gates had been employees of MITS and he paid for the computer time, <mask> felt it was his software. Sale to Pertec
In 1976, MITS had 230 employees and sales of $6 million.<mask> was tiring of his management responsibilities and was looking for a larger partner. MITS had always used Pertec Computer Corporation disk drives and on December 3, 1976, Pertec signed a letter of intent to acquire MITS for $6 million in stock. The deal was completed in May 1977 and <mask>' share was $2–3 million. The Altair products were merged into the Pertec line, and the MITS facility was used to produce the PCC-2000 small-business computer. The Albuquerque plant was closed in December 1980 and the production was moved to the Pertec plants in Irvine, California. Medical doctor
In late 1977 <mask> returned to rural Georgia and bought a large farm in Wheeler County where he had often visited his grandparents' home in his youth. He had a non-compete agreement with Pertec covering hardware products, so he became a gentleman farmer and started a software company.His age could have thwarted his dream of becoming a medical doctor, but nearby Mercer University started a medical school in 1982. <mask> was in the first class and graduated with an M.D. in 1986. He did his residency in internal

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 medicine and in 1988 established a practice in the small town of Cochran, Georgia. In 2009, Dr. <mask> was elected to Alpha Omega Alpha, the medical honor society. He was nominated by Mercer alumnus Guy Foulkes, MD based on <mask>’ dual accomplishment of developer of the first personal computer and his devotion to rural medicine. Personal life
<mask> married Joan Clark (b.1941) in 1962 and they had five sons, Melvin (b. 1963), Clark (b. 1964), John David (b. 1965), <mask> (b. 1970), Martin (b. 1975) and a daughter Dawn (b. 1983).They were divorced in 1988. <mask> married Donna Mauldin in 1991 and they were still married when interviewed by The Atlanta Journal-Constitution in April 1997. He was married to Rosa Cooper from 2000 until his death. <mask> died April 1, 2010 after a months-long bout with pneumonia, at the age of 68. His sister, Cheryl R <mask> (b. November 13, 1947 – d. March 6, 2010), of nearby Dublin, Georgia died at age 62, a few weeks before his death. During his last hospitalization in Macon, Georgia, hospital staffers were stunned to see an unannounced Bill Gates, who had come to pay last respects to his first employer. He was survived by his wife, all six of his children and his mother, <mask> <mask>.All live in Georgia. Works
Books

Magazines

  Part 2 in the February 1975 issue. Part 2 in the December 1975 issue. Notes

References

External links

  Commentary on <mask>' life and medical practice. STARTUP: Albuquerque and the Personal Computer Revolution New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science
Altair 8800 Computer at Vintage-Computer Web Site
Brief History of the Altair. Copies of Altair articles in Popular Electronics
Obituary in The Independent by Marcus Williamson

1941 births
2010 deaths
American electrical engineers
American inventors
Physicians from Georgia (U.S. state)
Deaths from pneumonia in Georgia (U.S. state)
Mercer University alumni
Model rocketry
Oklahoma State University alumni
United States Air Force officers
University of Miami College of Engineering alumni
People from Bleckley County, Georgia
Miami Senior

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Major General Sir <mask>,  (9 July 1859 – 30 September 1944) was a cavalry officer and major-general in the British Indian Army. Younghusband was commissioned into the 17th Foot in 1878. He later transferred to the British Indian Army's Guides Cavalry and served in several conflicts, including the Second Afghan War, the Mahdist War, the Third Burmese War, the Second Boer War and finally in the First World War. Due to wounds received on the battlefield, he was forced to retire from the army in 1917. In his later life he became a noted author of several books, and the Keeper of the Jewel House at the Tower of London, until his death on 30 September 1944, at Crickhowell in Wales. Early life
<mask> was born on 9 July 1859, at Dharamshala in India, the eldest son of Major-General <mask> and Clara Jane Shaw, and the elder brother of <mask>. He was educated at Clifton College and the Royal Military College Sandhurst.In May 1878, after graduating as the Queen's (India) Cadet, he was commissioned, as a second-lieutenant, into the 17th Foot, on probation for the India Staff Corps. He fought in the Second Afghan War and was promoted to lieutenant on 15  March 1880, before transferring to the India Staff Corps, in October 1883. Indian Army
After joining the Indian Army he was involved in several conflicts in a short period of time. The 1885 Mahdist War, operations on the North West Frontier in 1886, and in the Third Burmese War. His next promotion came on 1 May 1889, when he was promoted to captain. Six years later, in 1895, he was mentioned in

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