texts:
 1968, board 4, 7½/12 (+4−1=7);
 Skopje 1972, board 2, 9½/14 (+6−1=7);
 Nice 1974, board 2, 12/16 (+8−0=8), team bronze;
 Haifa 1976, board 1, 7/10 (+5−1=4), team gold;
 Buenos Aires 1978, board 4, 4/8 (+1−1=6), team bronze. Later career and legacy

When he became the columnist for the Times in 1972, he became less active as a player.He did, nevertheless, win tournaments at Torremolinos (1976–77), Harare (1983), and Lagos (1993). He has also been a frequent contributor to Chess Life magazine, the publication of the United States Chess Federation. He has chaired USCF's committee on masters' affairs and been one of its vice presidents. <mask> was inducted into the U.S. Chess Hall of Fame in 1994. Throughout his career, <mask> improved his results level by level in major competitions, at the U.S. Open, the U.S. Championship, the Olympiad, and the Interzonal. He made original contributions in several opening systems.He was the first to play 6.Be3 against the Najdorf Variation of the Sicilian Defense (1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 a6 6.Be3); this system has been named for him and has been very popular since the mid-1980s. He developed the Byrne Variation of the King's Indian Defense against the Saemisch Variation, with a quick queenside expansion by Black. He used the Dutch Defense with success when that opening was rarely seen at the top level. His opening repertoire was wide with both

masks: Byrne Byrne


type: original

texts:
 colors, and featured both Open and Closed games, which made him a challenge to prepare for. <mask> played competitively until age 74 in 2002, with an average of a couple of significant events per year even past age 60. He retired from writing his chess column at age 78. <mask> died in 2013 at his home in Ossining, New York, from Parkinson's disease.Notable games
 David Bronstein vs <mask>, Helsinki Olympiad 1952, Queen's Gambit Accepted (D24), 0–1 Very impressive win over the 1951 World finalist. <mask> vs Miroslav Filip, Mar del Plata 1961, King's Indian Defense, Fianchetto Variation (E60), 1–0 <mask> defeats a player who became a Candidate the next year. Miguel Najdorf vs <mask>, Buenos Aires 1964, King's Indian Defense, Classical / Petrosian Variation (E93), 0–1 A key victory from the tournament where <mask> earned his GM title. Bobby Fischer vs <mask>, U.S. Championship, New York 1965–66, French Defense, Tarrasch / Guimard Variation (C03), 0–1 <mask> finds a very clever tactical possibility to bring down the phenomenal Fischer. <mask> vs Leonid Stein, Sarajevo 1967, Sicilian Defense, Accelerated Dragon Variation (B35), 1–0 <mask> defeats the Soviet champion Stein in one of his favourite variations. Vladimir Savon vs <mask>, Moscow 1971, King's Indian Attack (A07), 0–1 Another Soviet champion has to tilt his King right in Moscow. Samuel Reshevsky vs <mask>, U.S. Championship Playoff, Chicago 1973,

masks:
Byrne
Byrne
Robert Byrne
Robert Byrne
Byrne
Robert Byrne
Byrne
Robert Byrne
Byrne
Robert Byrne
Byrne
Robert Byrne
Robert Byrne


texts:
 King's Indian Defense, Classical Variation (E92), 0–1 A critical win which helped propel <mask> to the Interzonal later that year.Reshevsky had a clear win before he blundered to allow a winning queen sacrifice. Bent Larsen vs <mask>, Leningrad Interzonal 1973, King's Indian Defense, Saemisch Variation (E80), 0–1 <mask> upsets one of the tournament favourites by undermining Larsen's overextended centre. <mask> vs Mark Taimanov, Leningrad Interzonal 1973, Sicilian Defense, Taimanov Variation (B46), 1–0 <mask> overcomes Taimanov's patented defense. Jan Timman vs <mask>, Nice Olympiad 1974, Queen's Gambit Declined (D53), 0–1 One of the strongest young Grandmasters learns to respect the veteran <mask>. <mask> vs Viktor Korchnoi, Moscow 1975, Pirc Defense, Austrian Attack (B09), 1–0 Korchnoi's form during this period took him to two world championship challenges in the years ahead. <mask> vs Vasily Smyslov, Biel Interzonal 1976, French Defense, Winawer / Positional Variation (C19), 1–0 <mask> succeeds with a line which Smyslov himself had made famous in the 1940s. <mask> vs Joel Benjamin, U.S. Championship, Berkeley 1984, Sicilian Defense, Classical Richter–Rauzer Variation (B60), 1–0 Benjamin neglects his development and King safety, and pays the ultimate price.Books
 Beginning Chess (1972)
  Both Sides of the Chessboard (1974) (with Iivo Nei)
 New York Times Book of Great Chess Victories & Defeats (1990)

masks:
Byrne
Robert Byrne
Byrne
Robert Byrne
Byrne
Robert Byrne
Byrne
Robert Byrne
Robert Byrne
Byrne
Robert Byrne


texts:
 (collection of Times columns)

References

Further reading
 "A Life in American Chess", by Frank Niro, Chess Life, July 2013, pp. 19–25. External links

1928 births
2013 deaths
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American male writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
American chess players
American chess writers
American columnists
American instructional writers
American male non-fiction writers
Chess Olympiad competitors
Chess grandmasters
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Indiana University faculty
Neurological disease deaths in New York (state)
People from Ossining, New York
The New York Times columnists
Writers from Brooklyn
Yale University


texts:
<mask> (January 23, 1938 – May 16, 2005) was an American mass murderer and serial killer who killed six of his family members in Iowa between 1961 and 1962. Before the murders, <mask> had been living in Denver, but due to problems there had come to Martinsburg, Iowa to live with his stepmother. When he had problems with her as well, he moved to the home of his uncle Andrew. Murders
On May 27, 1962, <mask> murdered Andrew McBeth, 51, and Dora McBeth, 41, and their three children: Amos and Anna McBeth, 19, and Donna Jean Kellogg, 17. <mask>, then 24, a nephew of the elder McBeths', confessed to the crime. He also confessed to having murdered his stepmother, <mask>, who had been missing for several months. The McBeth family lived in rural Iowa, about four miles north of Martinsburg, and <mask> had been living with them at the time.Another daughter, Patsy Lou, 15, was wounded by <mask> but escaped in the night and ran to a nearby farm for help. Kellogg's six-month-old baby, Perry, was in a crib and left unharmed. On the night of the murders, the McBeth children – Amos, Anna, and Donna Jean – had driven to Brighton, Iowa for a dance and Donna Jean, as was her custom, had left her infant in the care of her parents. "<mask> remained at the dance a short time, then disappeared until midnight, according to court records. He came back to pick up the group after the dance ended. Thunder, lightning and heavy rain began as the five went to a truck stop for food. When they returned to their farmhouse, the lights were out."The children found flashlights and made their way around the house to investigate. Donna and Amos found the

masks:
Gayno Gilbert Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Juanita Smith
Gayno Smith
Smith
Smith


texts: murdered bodies of their parents in the garage, where they'd been dragged. They tried to call for help but discovered the lines had been cut. "Suddenly, <mask> appeared before them with a flashlight and a gun. He shot Amos in the face, then Donna. He shot Patsy in the shoulder. Though badly wounded, Amos pleaded for his life but was shot again.Patsy escaped to another room where she found her older sister, Anna, already dead. "<mask> chased her to a ditch in the countryside. She played cat and mouse through the ditches, crawling and crouching to escape his roving flashlight through the early morning hours. She finally reached a nearby farmhouse, where she called her uncle, Firman McBeth." <mask> went into hiding but was found four days later in a barn near Lake Wapello. After being arrested, he confessed both to the McBeth murders in Martinsburg and also to the murder of his stepmother, Juanita <mask>, the previous October in Hedrick, Iowa. At the time, Iowa still had capital punishment, and prosecutors wanted <mask> hanged.Facing an almost certain death sentence if the case was taken to trial, <mask> pleaded guilty to six counts of murder, leaving his fate up to the judge. Arguing for a death sentence, prosecutors said <mask> had "attempted to exterminate an entire family." A psychiatric evaluation of <mask> concluded that he was sane. His lawyers did not call any witnesses and did not contest that <mask> was sane and the crimes were premeditated, choosing instead to plead with Judge C. R. Carson for mercy. Ultimately, Carson spared his life. After finding him guilty of five counts of first degree murder and one

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith


texts: count of second degree murder, he instead sentenced <mask> to six life terms at hard labor. The sentences were ordered to run consecutively to ensure he would spend the rest of his natural life in prison.Infant Perry was adopted by his uncle Firman, Andrew McBeth's brother, and raised with Firman's own nine biological children. Perry, the child in the crib, has spoken about the problems he faced growing up. "All the way through school I was a bully because I wanted people to hurt as bad as I did. I hated everything and everybody," he said. "I'm sorry about that now. When I see those people today, I try to tell them that, but they just don't understand." Perry graduated from Pekin Community High School.In 1971, <mask> filed an unsuccessful motion for a new trial. He was interviewed in prison in 1974 by the The Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier. In it, <mask> accepted the fact that he would die in prison. He said he was excited to get an education in prison. He started off by working through a lengthy series. At the time of the article, <mask> was more than half way to a college degree. "I had 68 quarter hours in commercial cooking and I've completed 66 quarter hours in academic courses so far," he said.He performed well in both subjects, having a 3.75 GPA in the cooking program and a 3.3 GPA in academics. <mask> said he hoped to work with juvenile delinquents and help other young people with his newfound knowledge. <mask> also spoke about making changes to the prison system. "I'd like to go to Des Moines and speak to the legislature," he said. "I'd like to talk to then about this institution itself, about some of their

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith


texts:
 laws, and some of their rehabilitation programs. All prison systems are inhumane. You take a man from society who 'fails' when he's in an abnormal situation and put him in one of these places.It's an abnormal situation here in itself, then you say to the man, 'rehabilitate yourself'. YOU DON'T send a person on the street to a mental hospital and say, 'make yourself well'. There's nothing in here to change you. You can let prison society destroy you or you can get some education and change yourself." <mask> <mask> died from heart problems on May 16, 2005. He had been transferred to a hospital shortly before his death. <mask>'s body was cremated and buried in Mount Zion Cemetery next to the plot of his mother.After hearing of <mask>'s death, Perry said he wished he'd been hanged. "I'm glad he's dead," he said. It was the best day of my life. I hope he burns in hell forever. See also
 List of serial killers in the United States

References

External links
 Photograph of <mask>'s grave marker. American mass murderers
American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
People from Keokuk County, Iowa
1938 births
2005 deaths
Criminals from Iowa
American serial killers
Parricides
People convicted of murder by Iowa
Male serial

masks: Gayno Smith Smith Smith Smith


texts:
<mask>, OAM (born 13 August 1977) is a Polish-born Australian swimmer, Olympic gold medallist, world champion, and former world record-holder of the 1990s and 2000s. Early years
He was born in Gdynia, Poland. He was educated at the University High School, Melbourne and Wesley College, Melbourne where he is currently employed as the college's elite head coach of swimming. <mask> began swimming after falling out of a window, when it was suggested to him that a low impact exercise would aid his recovery. Career
<mask> was first selected to represent Australia in the 1994 Commonwealth Games in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, while still a student at Wesley College, Melbourne. For his achievements he was named the Male Swimmer of the Year by Swimming World Magazine in 1997. In 1999, he set a world record in the 100 m butterfly twice, in a FINA-sanctioned time trial (51.81 s).It was broken at the 2003 World Championships in Barcelona by the Ukrainian Andriy Serdinov in the first semifinal of the 100 m butterfly, and then broken another time in the next semifinal by <mask>. Phelps's record was bested by Ian Crocker in the final the following day. <mask> was Australian Institute of Sport Athlete of the Year in 1998 and 1999 and was inducted into the AIS ' Best of the Best' in 2001. <mask> was the only Australian to win a gold medal at both the Sydney 2000 Olympics and the 2006 Melbourne Commonwealth Games. Medal achievements
In 1996, he arrived at the Atlanta Olympics ranked first

masks:
Michael George Klim
Michael Klim
Klim
Michael Phelps
Klim
Klim


texts:
 in the world for the 200 m freestyle, but was surprisingly eliminated in the heats. He rebounded to qualify for a finals in the 100m butterfly, and swam the freestyle leg in the 4×100 m medley relay, in which Australia claimed a bronze medal. Atlanta Olympics (USA) :
 Men's 4×100m Medley Relay.1998 was <mask>'s year in the sun. In January, the World Aquatics Championships were held in Perth, Western Australia, and in front of a boisterous home crowd, he was the leading swimmer of the meet. He triumphed in the 200 m freestyle and the 100 m butterfly, and added silver in the 100 m freestyle, and bronze in the 50 m freestyle. He was a member of each of Australia's three relay teams, winning gold in the 4×200 m freestyle relay and 4×100 m medley relay, and a silver in the 4×100 m freestyle relay. FINA World Championships 1998 in Perth, Australia:
 200m Freestyle. 100m Freestyle. 50m Freestyle.100m Butterfly. 4×100m Freestyle Relay. 4×200m Freestyle Relay. 4×100m Medley Relay. At the 2000 Summer Olympics, <mask> set a world record (48.18) leading off the 4×100 m freestyle relay, which paved the way for a world record (3:13.67). Three days later, he was part of the 4×200 m freestyle relay, which set another world record (7:07.05), which left the opposition over 5 seconds in arrears on its way to victory. His 100m freestyle world record bested by Pieter van den Hoogenband in the semi's, in the final he finished with a bitter 4th place, he turned first at the wall but he claimed his

masks:
Michael Klim
Klim


texts:
 legs gave away in the second half.In the 100 m butterfly, he was the world record holder, again turning first at the wall heavily under world record pace, but was cut down in the closing stages by Sweden's Lars Frölander, finishing second. On the final night he claimed silver as part of the 4×100 m medley relay team. 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia:
 100m Butterfly. 4×100m Freestyle Relay. 4×200m Freestyle Relay. 4×100m Medley Relay. In 2001, hampered by an ankle injury <mask> was restricted to relay duties, and contributed to another world record, winning gold in the 4×200 m relay (7:04.66).He also collected a gold medal in the 4×100 m freestyle relay. FINA World Championships 2001 in Fukuoka, Japan:
 4×100m Freestyle Relay. 4×200m Freestyle Relay. 2002–2007

In 2002 and 2003, due to chronic back and shoulder problems, <mask> was inactive throughout these years. <mask> failed to qualify for the 2004 Athens Olympics, but was later selected as part of the relay team, which came second behind USA in the 4×200m, race. The relay team did not win a medal in the 4x100m and failed to qualify for the medley relay final. 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece:
 4×200m Freestyle Relay.In 2005, <mask> swam at the World Aquatics in Montreal, returning to individual action, but failed to progress to the finals in the 50m & 100m Freestyle. He won bronze as part of the 4×100 m freestyle relay. FINA World Championships 2005 in Montreal, Canada:
 4×100m Freestyle Relay. In 2007, he

masks:
Klim
Michael Klim
Klim
Klim


texts:
 swam as part of the B team in the Men's 4 × 100 metre medley relay, in the final the Australian team won the gold medal. 2007 World Aquatics Championships in Melbourne, Australia:
 4×100m Medley Relay. Retirement
On 26 June 2007 <mask> retired from competitive swimming. He finished the year ranked 94 in the 100 freestyle with the Olympics 14 months away.Return to competitive swimming
On 14 February 2011 <mask> announced his return to competitive swimming, hoping to compete in the London 2012 Olympics. Ultimately <mask> failed to qualify for the team. Second retirement
After failing to compete at the London Olympics, <mask> retired from competitive swimming and became founder and CEO of a skin care company "Milk and Co" . Personal life
<mask> married Lindy Rama, a former model and fashion entrepreneur, in April 2006. Rama (known in Bali as Anak Agung) is a Balinese princess, being the niece of Ida Cokorde Pamecutan XI, the king of Denpasar. The couple have two daughters and a son. <mask> supports the St Kilda Saints in the Australian Football League.<mask> and Lindy announced their  separation in February

masks: Klim Klim Klim Klim Klim Klim Klim


texts:
<mask> (September 6, 1877 – January 9, 1947) was an American marine painter. Dougherty (pronounced dog-er-tee) was recognized for his American Impressionism paintings of the coasts of Maine and Cornwall in the years after the turn of the 20th century. His work has been described as bold and masculine, and he was best known for his many paintings of breakers crashing against rocky coasts and mountain landscapes. Dougherty also painted still lifes, created prints and sculpted. The son of a prominent attorney, Dougherty graduated from law school and passed the bar, but chose art over the law. His artistic training was relatively brief. An erudite man and a world traveler, Dougherty sketched and exhibited extensively on both the east and west coasts of the United States, in the British Isles, throughout Europe and in Asia.He spent the first half of his career based in the east, but he moved west in 1928 and eventually spent the summers in  Carmel, California and the cooler winter months in the desert. Dougherty won almost every major award at the annual exhibitions of the National Academy of Design in New York, as well as a Gold Medal at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco. By 1915 many American museums had purchased his works for their permanent collections. He was elected to membership of the National Academy of Design. Early life
<mask> was born in Brooklyn, New York. He was the eldest of six children born to J. Hampden <mask>, a prominent attorney, legal scholar and leader

masks:
Paul Hampden Dougherty
Paul Dougherty
Dougherty


texts: of the New York State Bar Association. While his father wanted to see him pursue a career in law, Dougherty was always drawn to art, and sketched and painted incessantly.He graduated from Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute in 1896 where he received some training in art. His talent in art was always apparent and by the time he was eighteen one of his works was accepted for the Annual Exhibition of the National Academy of Design. In spite of his artistic abilities, he diligently followed through on his education and graduated from New York Law School and passed the bar, but he was never to practice law. Information on his artistic training can be contradictory and sketchy. In filling out an information card for the National Academy, he stated that he studied with the noted landscape painter Henry Ward Ranger in 1897, which is the only formal training he mentioned. However, there are accounts that he studied with the innovative ship designer and marine painter William S. Barnett (1854–1927) from Rockport, Maine, who had been living in Brooklyn since 1885 when he returned from his studies at the Académie Julian. Dougherty did share a studio in Brooklyn early in his career with Barnett as well as Gustave Wiegland (1870–1957), George McCord and Harry Roseland.About 1901 these artists were joined by Frederick and Joseph Boston, Charles Burlingame, Edward Rorke, and Benjamin Eggleston in forming The Brooklyn Ten which then became known as The Society of Brooklyn Painters. The first annual exhibition of the


texts:
 society was held at the Hooper Gallery on Fulton Street in Brooklyn in 1903. European travel and early career

In order to advance his studies, <mask> and his younger brother, the stage actor Walter Hampden <mask> (1879–1955), left on an extended trip to Europe. On this sojurn, he sketched and painted throughout the continent and studied the Old Masters in museums in order to educate himself. Munich, Venice, Paris and Florence were all stops on the Dougherty brother's European tour. In 1901 Dougherty sent a landscape painting home for the annual exhibit of the National Academy of Design and he showed his landscapes with the Academy for the next several years. In Paris he met a young Swedish music student named Antje Berthe Lund and they were married in 1902.The <mask>s returned to America and the artist opened a home and studio in Nutley, New Jersey, where their daughter Lisa was born. Tragically, Antje <mask> died of appendicitis just weeks later. Soon after returning to the United States, Dougherty began to work on Monhegan Island, Maine, an area which was already a famous summer place for painters. In Maine, the young painter began to build his first significant body of the marine paintings he would become known for and the dramatic views of the Island offered him a host of subjects. He joined the Society of American Artists in 1904, a group of younger painters who had broken away from the National Academy years before because it was then dominated by the aging members of the Hudson River

masks: Dougherty Dougherty Dougherty Dougherty


texts:
 School. When the Society merged with the National Academy in 1905, Dougherty automatically became an Associate Member. In 1907 he had his first exhibition at the William Macbeth's Macbeth Gallery in New York City.Irish born William Macbeth (1851–1917) was the first dealer to only represent American artists and he opened his first gallery in 1892. Macbeth and Dougherty forged a lasting friendship and the young painter began a long series of successful exhibitions in the 5th Avenue Gallery. St. Ives
The famous art colony of St. Ives lies on the Cornish Peninsula in Southwestern England and Dougherty worked there extensively. While J.M.W. Turner (1775–1851) did a pencil sketch of St. Ives as early as 1811, it wasn't until the completion of a rail line to Penzance in 1859, that artists began to frequent the area and paint its dramatic views. After the mining industry collapsed, more artists began to visit including James Whistler and his students, who painted there in 1884. By 1886, there was a colony of painters in St. Ives, led by the American Edward Simmons and the Victorian marine painter Adrian Stokes (1854–1935).Simmons influenced the Swedish painter Anders Zorn who learned to work in oil in St. Ives. The British painter Julius Olsson was one of the most influential artists in St. Ives in the years after the turn of the 20th century and he brought many other painters to the area. <mask> came to love St. Ives and some of his most dramatic works were done of the dramatic cliffs there. Dougherty


texts:
 spent about six months a year there from 1908 to 1913. For many years, Dougherty lived a bi-continental existence, splitting his time between his New York studio and Europe. In the spring and summer he went on lengthy sketching trips abroad, coming back to New York for the fall and winter exhibitions. In May 1915 for example he applied for a new passport, stating that his travels would take him to England, France, Italy, Switzerland and Spain.In 1921 for yet another passport he stated he would travel to Belgium, the Netherlands, Italy, Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Spain. Mid-career
As Dougherty reached middle age, he kept up his exhibitions and travels. He spent the late spring and summer of each year abroad, usually arriving home in October or November. His New York studio changes locations almost annually. In the 1920s he exhibited his watercolors more frequently and in 1920 and 1921 alone his work in this medium was exhibited at the Cleveland Museum of Art, the Memorial Art Gallery in Rochester New York, the Brooklyn Museum and the Art Institute of Chicago. While his friend and dealer William Macbeth (1851–1917) had died in 1917, Dougherty's long relationship with Macbeth Galleries continued through his rotund son, Robert Wilson Macbeth who took over the gallery upon his father's death. Even though the modern movements were becoming more popular, especially in New York City, landscape and marine paintings still remained popular and had a dedicated constituency.Another major feature on Dougherty


texts:
 appeared in the pages of the International Studio, the most famous English language art publication in 1921 and again, the writer, Ameen Rihani, compared the painter to Winslow Homer: "...there is no doubt that the mantle of Winslow Homer has fallen on <mask>ty. Does it fit? Does it trail? Does it inspire respect? I can answer the last question in the affirmative." Artistic recognition
As he reached the heart of his career, Dougherty became more interested in light and experimented with "broken color" techniques and "optical blending." In 1913, in the museum journal Aesthetics, he was described   said to be..."now pre-eminently a painter of light, as much an exponent of it as Claude Monet."Dougherty had a solo exhibition at the Art Institute of Chicago in the summer of 1914. In an attempt to become known for landscapes as well as marines paintings he was represented by a number of his pictures of the Swiss Alps including "Evening Calm." In the bulletin of the Art Institute the editor said that "Mr. Dougherty is now chiefly thought of as a painter of accomplished marines; but his mountain pictures, though less well known are no less important." In 1915 the Panama-Pacific International Exposition was held in San Francisco to celebrate the city's rebirth after the San Francisco earthquake and fire. The San Francisco world's fair featured a massive exhibition of paintings from the history of art as well as hundreds of works by contemporary artists from the United States and Europe. This exhibition is


texts:
 considered a turning point in California Art and it was also a triumph for <mask>ty who had four works exhibited and was awarded a Gold Medal. In his guide to the exhibition, the writer Michael Williams stated that "Another marine artist whose work is well and favorably known and which has been awarded a Gold Medal, is <mask>.Four pictures by him hang on Wall A. <mask> is a New York man, of such independence of mind that he studied without any masters in Paris, London, Florence, Venice and Munich. Examples of his work hang in all the principal galleries of the country." Dougherty was in such demand that a 1916 issue of the Bulletin for the Detroit Museum of Art mentioned him among the American artists who had "reached the zenith of their power" whose works they were seeking for their permanent collection. That December, his watercolors were the subject of an exhibition at Macbeth Gallery and in a review, the writer for the New York Times complimented Dougherty's progress by saying that "in his oil pictures has worked during the last ten years with a steadily increasing appreciation of chromatic values, is showing at the Macbeth Galleries a group of water colors that challenge comparison with the best of their kind." Move to California
By the 1920s, Dougherty was beginning to suffer the debilitating effects of arthritis. Although he did not move to California for a number of years, he was painting on the Monterey Peninsula by 1925 because he entered "Evening at Monterey" in the large exhibition of

masks:
Paul Dougher
Paul Dougherty
Paul Dougherty


texts:
 American watercolors that Macbeth Gallery opened in December of that year. Searching for a better climate to ease its effects, he and his last wife, the socialite <mask>, moved west, first to the dry desert climate of Tucson, Arizona.Still wanting to be near the sea, In 1931 the <mask>s found a home in the art colony of Carmel, California, a picturesque spot on the rugged central coast of California, south of San Francisco. He joined the Carmel Art Association and became active in the local art scene. He became a member of the CAA board of directors for ten years and served as president for one term. There, he sketched Carmel Bay and the coastal inlets from vantage points on the cliffs. For a number of years, Dougherty spent the cooler months in the desert and the rest of the year in Carmel where he still painted prolifically. Despite his ailments, he and his wife <mask> still traveled abroad, going to Europe in 1934 and 1937. Still   By the 1940s, the effects of old age began to creep up on him and he was unable to work for the last four years of his life.Finally, he was struck with cancer and died in Palm Springs, California where he was wintering, at the age of sixty-nine. Dougherty's Palm Springs home, designed by the architect John Porter Clark, was designated a Class One Historic Site by the City of Palm Springs in 2014. Assessment and oeuvre
<mask> was a prolific and successful painter. He forged a national artistic reputation early in his life and his works sold steadily until the modern

masks:
Paula Gates
Dougherty
Paula
Paul Dougherty


texts: movements eventually supplanted traditional art in the 1930s. In 1978 the art historian Mahonri Sharp Young wrote of him that "Everything came to him; all his pictures sold, he won all the prizes...the rich delighted to honor him, and his wives were glamorous." While he is primarily recognized for his coastal scenes, he also painted landscapes, mountain scenes and even the arid desert. His best known paintings were rugged coastal scenes of Maine, Cornwall, Brittany and the Monterey peninsula in California.His artistic production is well divided between scenes of the Maine Coast, the Cornish Coast of England, pictures from his extensive travels in Europe, Asia and the Caribbean, a bold series of Alpine paintings and hundreds of paintings done in Carmel, where he had his last studio. Most of these works were in oil, with many smaller works on board and larger works on canvas, but he also worked extensively in watercolor. In her summary of Dougherty's work for the National Arts Club's collection, art historian Carol Lowrey wrote that "The drama and realism of Dougherty's marines also prompted comparisons to Winslow Homer and indeed, the master's later seascapes served as an aesthetic and thematic model for Dougherty and a number of artists of his generation, such as Frederick Waugh. Like Homer, Dougherty liked to depict churning, turbulent waters, exemplified in canvasses such as Grey Sea, a work that demonstrates his favorite compositional scheme - an outcropping of rocks pounded by the rough surf in


texts:
 the foreground, a high horizon line, and an expansive of cloud streaked sky. As in the majority of his coastal scenes, Dougherty avoids allusions to man, architecture or boats, preferring to concentrate on the tumultuous motion of the sea and the glimmer of light on the wave crests and the rocky shore - denoted here by means of an energetic brushwork and a palette of blues, mauves, greens and browns with a pale yellow, gray and white. While his approach is grounded in the Realist tradition, Dougherty's painterly touch and iridescent hues indicate a debt to Impressionism as well." Galleries
<mask>'s works were exhibited in a number of leading commercial galleries in his lifetime, but then primarily on the east coast of the United States.New York's Macbeth Gallery was always his primary dealer. Today his work is primarily sold by galleries in California, where he spent the last fifteen years of his life. 23-23, Hudson Hills Press, New York, 2008 (Biographies of all the Artist Life Members of the National Arts Club)
Davenport, Ray, Davenport's Art Reference: The Gold Edition, 2005 (Biographical entry)
Richter, Marianne & Greenhouse, Wendy, Union League Club of Chicago Art Collection, Union League Club of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 2003
Stone, William, 'Celebrating 75 Years of Local Art, Carmel Art Association,' Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, 2002
Hughes, Edan, Milton, Artists in California, Hughes Publishing, San Francisco, California, 2001 (Biographical entry)
Klein, Barbara, 'The Carmel Monterey


texts:
 Peninsula Art Colony: A History,' American Art Review, Volume VIII, Number 4, September–October 1996, pp. 110–117. Ship, Steve, American Art Colonies, 1850-1930: A Historical Guide to America's Art Colonies and their Artists, Greenwood Press, 1996 (Entry on Dougherty on the Carmel Colony)
Klein, Barbara, 'Carmel Monterey Art Colony,' American Art Review, October, 1996
Kendall-Hess, Wendy, 'A Legacy of Beauty,' American Art Review, June, 1995
Whybrow, Marion, St. Ives, Portrait of a Colony: 1893-1993, Antique Collectors Club, Woods, Suffock, 1994 (Story of the St. Ives art colony on the Cornish coast which Dougherty was a member of)
Donovan, Gael, Our First Five National Academicians, Carmel Art Association, Carmel, California, 1989 (Short essay in catalog)
McGlynn, Betty Hoag, The Carmel Art Association: A History, Carmel-by-the-Sea: Carmel Art Association, 1987, 9-11. Westphal, Ruth Lilly, Editor, Plein-Air Painters of California: The North, Westphal Publishing, Irvine, California 1986 (Biographical Summary from landmark California Plein-Air reference)
Nelson, Mary Carroll, Paul Dougherty, 1877–1947, Hickory Museum of Art, Hickory, North Carolina (Carroll's catalog essay reprinted from Southwest Profile, September/October 1986)
Seavey, Kent, Monterey, The Artist's View: 1925 - 1945, Monterey Peninsula Museum of Art November 6 - December 31, 1982. Kirk, Chauncey, A., 'Bohemia Rendezvous, Nineteenth-Century Monterey: California's First Artists Colony,' Cupertino: The American West Magazine,


texts:
 1979,37-44.Ingraham, John Douglas, William S. Barnett (1854–1927): Paintings of the Sea and Shore, The Schenectady Museum, Schenectady, New York, November 25, 1978 – February 4, 1979 (Exhibition Catalog)
Spangenberg, Helen, Yesterday's Artists on the Monterey Peninsula: Monterey, Monterey Peninsula Museum, 1976, Pg. 16-22, Monterey Peninsula Museum of Art
Mahorini Young, <mask>, Macbeth Gallery, Art News 29, February 29, 1931 (Exhibition Review)
Exhibition of Watercolors by Distinguished American Artists, December 8, 1925 – January 4, 1926, Exhibition Catalog, Macbeth Gallery, New York, New York (Three California scenes listed in exhibition catalog)
9th Annual Exhibition at the Detroit Institute of the Arts, Exhibition Catalog, April 11-May 23, 1923 (Dougherty exhibits #29 "Dahlias and Gladiolas")
American Magazine of Art, January–December, 1921 (Watercolor Exhibition at Metropolitan Museum of Art, Dougherty with Homer, Sargent, etc.) 10, July–September, 1917 (Dougherty's 'Coast of Cornwall' recorded at #4 of Permanent Collection)
'Landscapes and Ocean Scenes by <mask>ty' Art Notes, New York Times, December 13, 1916, New York, New York (Review of Dougherty's solo watercolors at exhibition at Macbeth Galleries)
'Exhibition at Mystic,' in Notes, American Magazine of Art, November, 1916, American Federation of the Arts, Washington, D.C. (Notes that Dougherty is among exhibitors in 3rd Annual Exhibition)
 Brinton, Christian, 'Impressions of Art' at the Panama-Pacific Exposition, John Lane, Company,

masks:
Paul Dougherty
Paul Dougher


texts:
 1916 (Review of World's Fair Art Exhibition by prominent art writer)
 29th Annual Exhibition of American Oil Paintings and Sculpture, The Art Institute of Chicago, Exhibition Catalog, AIC, Chicago, Illinois, 1916 (Dougherty has 'October Morning' in catalog)
'Art in Toledo: American Artists in Toledo,' American Magazine of Art, Vol. 7, Pg 250-1, April, 1916 (Exhibition of American artists including Dougherty)
Ward, Felicia, 'Hyblas Bees: An Art Colony in the Catskills,' American Magazine of Art, Volume 7, Pg. 324-7, June 1916, American Federation of the Arts, Washington, D.C. (Article on Catskill colony mentions Dougherty, Carson, Murphy)
'New Items, City Art Museum St. Louis,' American Magazine of Art, Volume 7, Pg. 342, June 1916, American Federation of the Arts, Washington, D.C. ("After the Gale" added to St. Louis permanent collection)
'Art in Youngstown, Loan Exhibition at Mahoning Institute,' American Magazine of Art, Volume 7, Pg. 208, 1916, American Federation of the Arts, Washington, D.C. (Loan exhibition including Dougherty)
 'American Paintings Now on Exhibit,' The New York Times, January 16, 1916 (Review of Exhibition of Painter Members of the National Arts Club, including painting by Dougherty)
Permanent Collection, 'Bulletin of the Detroit Museum of Art,' Pg.3,Volume  X, No. 5, January, 1916, Detroit Museum of Art, Detroit, Michigan (He is mentioned as an artist they would like to have in permanent collection)
'Landscapes and Ocean Scenes by <mask>ty,' New York Times, December 13, 1915


texts:
 (Review of exhibition at Macbeth Galleries, December 12, 1915 – January 15, 1916)
 'Preview of 9th Annual Exhibition of American Oil Painters and Sculptors,' Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago, Volume IX, No. 8, December 1, 1915 (Dougherty was on jury, exhibited out of competition)
'A Brief Guide to the Department of Fine Arts Panama-Pacific International Exposition,' Michael Williams, Wahlgreen Company, San Francisco, California 1915 (Notes room with four Doughertys at World's Fair)
 'Art Notes,' New York Times, April 16, 1914 (Preview of Carnegie International Exhibition makes note that "<mask>ty is to be represented by alarge group of marine and landscape subjects")
Friends of American Art Loan Exhibition at the Art Institute of Chicago, Exhibition Catalog, January 8–28, 1914, The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (Dougherty had five works in exhibition)
Hoeber, Arthur, 'American Painters of the Sea,' The Mentor Magazine, July 14, 1913 (Feature on prominent marine painters)
Prize Paintings in Spring Academy, <mask>ty a Winner, New York Times, April 15, 1913 (Review of National Academy Spring Exhibition, Dougherty wins Inness Award)
Wyer, Raymond, <mask>, Aesthetics, Volume 1, No. 2, January, 1913, Muskegon, Michigan Pg. 31-32 (Column on museum purchase of 'A Golden Light' and a reproduction of the painting)
7th Annual Exhibition of Selected American Paintings, Exhibition Catalog, City Art Museum, St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, 1912 (Dougherty resume included, he exhibited "Base

masks:
Paul Dougher
Paul Dougher
Paul Dougherty


texts:
 of the Cliff")
'List of Accessions, May 20-June 20, 1911,' Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1911, New York, New York (Lists Dougherty's "October Seas" as a new accession)
Harrison, Birge, 'Some Recent Tendencies in Marine Painting,' Scribner's Magazine, Volume XLIX, Pages 469-477, January–June, 1911, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York  (Article on marine painters, Dougherty, Carlsen, Woodbury, Waugh, Harrison are selected and discussed)
Baliey, Henry Turner, 'The Virile Compositions of Paul Dougherty,' cited in column on The International Studio, School Arts, September 1908-June 1909, Volume 8, Page 408, Davis Press, Worster, Massachusetts, 1909
Rockwell, Edwin, A., 'Paul Dougherty - Painter of Marines: An Appreciation,' International Studio, Volume XXXVI, No. 141, John Lane Company, London, November, 1908 (Feature Article)
Museum Notes, in Academy Notes, Volume 4, Issue 10, Page 180, 1908 (Review of PAFA 104th Exhibition where Dougherty served on the jury)
'With the Artists, Current Art Here and Abroad,' New York Times, February 17, 1907 (Results of Dougherty's exhibition at Macbeth's Gallery)

External links

Paul Dougherty Feature in The International Studio, 1909
Several older exhibition catalogs featuring Dougherty from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF)

19th-century American painters
American male painters
20th-century American painters
American Impressionist painters
American marine artists
Painters from California
1877 births
1947


texts:
Derek "<mask><mask> (born 4 February 1951) is a British comic and magazine editor, and author of a number of books on comics. As head of Marvel Comics' operations in England in the late 1970s, Skinn reformatted existing titles, launched new ones, and acquired the BBC license for Doctor Who Weekly. After leaving Marvel UK, Skinn founded and edited Warrior, which featured key works by Alan Moore. Called by some the "British Stan Lee," <mask> is one of British comics' most influential figures. He has also caused no small amount of controversy in his career, specifically related to legal issues regarding his publishing new adventures of the 1950s character Marvelman, as well as charges of plagiarism about Skinn's 2004 book Comix: The Underground Revolution. Fandom
Skinn first came to prominence in the world of British comics fandom. As a teenager he contributed articles to the seminal fanzine Fantasy Advertiser, published by Frank Dobson (known as the "Godfather of British Fandom").When Dobson left for Australia in 1970, he handed the zine on to two contributors, <mask> and Paul McCartney, to continue. As editors, Skinn and McCartney expanded the magazine to include more articles and artwork. (Skinn stayed on at Fantasy Advertiser even after starting his professional career at IPC Magazines; finally leaving the fanzine in 1976.) In 1971 <mask> and Bram Stokes produced Comicon '71 (the British Comic Art Convention) at the Waverley Hotel in London; the guest of honor was Frank Bellamy and other guests include Frank Dickens, Mick Farren, and Edward Barker. Skinn returned in 1981 to produce the final incarnation of Comicon, co-organized with Frank Dobson. He also produced the 2005 Brighton Comic Expo. Career

IPC
<mask>'s professional career started at IPC Magazines (now known as IPC Media) in 1970, where he

masks:
Dez
" Skinn
Skinn
Skinn
Skinn
Skinn


texts:
 was sub-editor on Whizzer and Chips, Cor!!, and Buster. He was promoted to be an editor on the Buster Book of Spooky Stories in 1975 and 1976. While at IPC, he also served as Father of the chapel of the local branch of the National Union of Journalists. Warner Bros.
Skinn left IPC in 1976 to expand the comics arm of Warner Communications' publishing arm, Williams Publishing. He took over editing MAD UK, Tarzan, Korak, and Larry Harmon's Laurel & Hardy, revived Monster Mag, and launched House of Hammer. Two of Skinn's publications were given Eagle Awards in 1977 — House of Hammer for "Favourite Specialist Comics Publication — Pro" and Mad UK for "Favourite Black & White Comicbook — Humour." Starburst
In January 1978, Skinn independently created the science fiction monthly Starburst, published under Skinn's own Starburst Publishing Ltd.Sporting the tagline "Science Fantasy in Television, Cinema and Comix," Starburst contained news, interviews, features, and reviews of science fiction material in various media (including TV, film, soundtracks, multimedia, comics and "collectibles"). Starburst won the 1978 Eagle Award for Favourite British Pro Comics Publication. Marvel UK
In August 1978, thanks in part to the success of Starburst, Skinn was hired by Stan Lee to reshape Marvel's floundering UK reprint division. (With issue #4, Marvel also bought and began to publish Starburst.) In his 15 months as editorial director for Marvel UK, Skinn reported directly to Lee; he reformatted the existing titles Marvel Comic, Star Wars Weekly, and Spider-Man Comics Weekly, plus the monthlies Rampage and Savage Sword of Conan. In addition, Skinn launched Doctor Who Weekly and Hulk Comic, among many other titles — Frantic Magazine, Marvel Pocket Books, Star Heroes, TV Heroes, summer specials, winter specials, etc. In 2010


texts:
 Skinn received a Guinness World Records certificate and credit for creating the world's longest-lasting TV tie-in magazine for Doctor Who Weekly.Quality Communications
Leaving Marvel in 1980 for his own company, the London West End Studio System, Skinn worked primarily in advertising design for both the film and fashion industry. In 1982 he returned to publishing with his own company, Quality Communications, where Skinn founded and edited the comics anthology Warrior. Warrior went on to win 17 Eagle Awards, introduce V for Vendetta, and revive Marvelman/Miracleman. During this period, Skinn also operated Quality Comics, "South London's top fantasy shop," located at 3 Lewisham Way, opposite Goldsmith College. In 1990, Quality Communications launched the comics trade magazine Comics International, which Skinn published and edited for the following 16 years. His "Sez Dez" column was a regular feature in issues #100–#200, at which point Skinn sold the magazine in 2006 to Cosmic Publications. Quality went defunct as a publisher  2008.Columnist
<mask> now writes a column called "The Skinny" for Future plc's comics trade magazine Comic Heroes. Because of his strong beliefs in education through entertainment and the increasing world levels in illiteracy, he has recently begun working with the Abu Dhabi Music and Arts Foundation, initially chairing a discussion there on comics and literacy in the Middle East, which led to his becoming curator of the Middle East Film and Comic Con, which debuted in 2012. Controversy

Marvelman (a.k.a. Miracleman)
Before launching Warrior, Skinn contacted writer Alan Moore, telling him that "Marvelman's copyright had belonged to the publisher L. Miller & Son, ... that they had gone bankrupt in 1963[,] and that the rights to Marvelman had passed to the Official Receiver [and


texts:
 therefore] could be purchased for a very small amount..."; and asked Moore if he "would ... like to ... contribute to this new retelling of Marvelman." A quarter-century later Moore found out that Marvelman creator "Mick Anglo had always owned the copyright, that it had never been owned by L. Miller & Son, and that they had not gone bankrupt, but had concluded their affairs quietly in 1963 .... Basically, Mick Anglo had been robbed of his ownership of [Marvelman]." According to Moore, "I was not on the best of terms with <mask> Skinn by the end of the Warrior experience. I didn't trust the man, and my opinion – for what that is worth – is that there was knowing deceit involved in the Marvelman decision."But according to Skinn, he had met with Anglo three times before assigning creators to Marvelman and Anglo had expressed no problem with the relaunch then or for the following 20+ years. Skinn cites quotes by Mick Anglo from George Khoury's 2001 book Kimota! : The Miracleman Companion, "[Regarding ownership] I don't know; that was Miller's sort of thing ... <mask> contacted me and he wanted to revive it and I said go ahead and do what you like." After Warrior magazine folded due to poor sales, Skinn signed a deal with independent American publisher Eclipse Comics to reprint the Marvelman stories (under the title Miracleman) before continuing the storyline with new material by Moore and later Neil Gaiman. According to an editorial by then-Eclipse editor Cat Yronwode in Miracleman #24:

For Kimota! : The Miracleman Companion George Khoury interviewed both <mask> and Yronwode — separately — and asked each about the claims published in Miracleman No. 24.Skinn claimed to Khoury that "[a]bout ten years after that Miracleman No. 24 letters page," he and Yronwode had a "conversation via e-mail about that

masks: Dez Dez Skinn


texts:
 outrageous stuff." According to Skinn, Yronwode informed him that "Dean [Mullaney, Eclipse Comics co-founder,] had filled her head with those stories" and apologised to him. But when Khoury relayed this to Yronwode during his interview with her she denied it, maintaining that the "conversation with <mask> Skinn about that" never happened and that she never apologised. Comix: The Underground Revolution
In 2004 Collins & Brown published <mask>'s book Comix: The Underground Revolution. Skinn's authorship of the book was contested by Patrick Rosenkranz and Trina Robbins. Rosenkranz alleged that "Skinn's book extensively "borrowed" from [his own book] Rebel Visions: The Underground Comix Revolution 1963–1975" by using as its title "the same four words, cleverly rearranged, [used] as the subtitle of [his] book," "helping himself to quotes from many interviews [he] conducted, repeating facts and figures that [he] dug up," and "reprint[ing] seven of [his] photographs without permission."Skinn responded by insisting that "No theft was intended". Skinn claims that those seven photographs had been implemented by one of the ghost writers subcontracted by him and when he found out about it, he apologised to and paid Rosenkranz. Skinn claims also that the book title was chosen by the commissioning publisher. Robbins noted that she wrote Chapter 6, "Girls on Top?" for Comix: The Underground Revolution but was not given credit. "... Dez e-mailed me with a request to contribute a chapter on women in the underground ... I did get paid for it ... one usually expects to be credited for what one writes".<mask> claims that he informed Robbins that no sub-contractors were credited in any of the publisher's titles, and that as the chapter was primarily about her, any such credit would have completely undermined its purported

masks: Dez Skinn Skinn


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<mask> of Portugal (24 October 1503 – 1 May 1539) was the empress consort and queen consort of her cousin Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, who was the ruler of the Spanish Empire. She was Queen of Spain and Germany, and Lady of the Netherlands, from their marriage on 10 March 1526 until her death in 1539. After Charles was crowned as emperor in February 1530, <mask> became Holy Roman Empress and Queen of Italy. She was the regent of Spain because of her husband's constant travels through Europe, ensuring that the kingdom remained independent of imperial policies and economically healthy during her lifetime. She had five children, of whom three survived including King Philip II of Spain and Maria, another Holy Roman Empress. Childhood

<mask> was born in Lisbon on 24 October 1503 and named after her maternal grandmother (<mask>) as well as her aunt, who had been her father's first wife. She was the second child and first daughter of King Manuel I of Portugal and his second wife, Maria of Aragon.<mask> was second-in-line to the throne until the birth of her brother Luis in 1506. She seemed to be close with her siblings, who were punished by their mother, "when they deserved it, without pardoning any of them." <mask> was educated under the supervision of her governess Elvira de Mendoza. Her studies presumably included politics, mathematics, the languages of Latin, Spanish and French besides her native Portuguese, as well as Renaissance classics, and the Christian doctrine. As the eldest daughter of Manuel the Fortunate, <mask> was a rather attractive candidate for marriage. At the age of 14, her mother died. She and her sisters inherited her properties, plus the income from Viseu and Torres

masks:
Isabella
Isabella
Isabella
Isabella I
Isabella
Isabella
Isabella


texts:
 Vedras.Engagement and marriage

The ideal candidate for <mask>'s husband was her first cousin Charles, son of Maria's sister, Joanna of Castile and her husband Philip, Duke of Burgundy. A marriage would bring a strong alliance between the kingdoms of Spain and Portugal, in accordance with the wishes of their grandparents, <mask> of Castille and Ferdinand II of Aragón: It would facilitate the continued exploration of the oceans without incurring clashes, as Portugal was the only naval power that could challenge Spain's supremacy in the Atlantic ocean. Plus, as Charles was sovereign of multiple kingdoms, it was necessary that Portugal (Christendom's richest kingdom) would fall under Spain's orbit and not of France, which had happened in the War of Castilian Succession. Moreover, because Charles had been raised in Burgundy, the nobles and his Spanish subjects reportedly insisted that he marry a princess from the Iberian peninsula. However, the 18-year-old King was in no hurry to marry and instead sent his sister, Eleanor, to marry <mask>'s widowed father in 1518. Charles's Flemish advisors, especially William de Croÿ, later convinced him to relegate the Portuguese alliance to the background and replace it with an alliance with England. In 1521, Charles became engaged to his other first cousin Mary Tudor, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, who was sixteen years younger than Charles and still a child.Their engagement sought to undo an alliance between England and France articulated by the ambitious Cardinal Thomas Wolsey. Many in Portugal took their Infanta's rejection as an offence, but <mask> remained determined that she only would marry her powerful cousin or else  enter a

masks:
Isabella
Isabella I
Isabella
Isabella


texts: convent. By 1525, Charles was no longer interested in an alliance with England and could wait no longer for Mary Tudor to get older because he was determined to have legitimate children. His engagement was called off, the alliance with England was abandoned, and he finally sought to marry <mask>. There were many more advantages - she was closer to him in age (she was only three years his junior), fluent in Spanish, and offered a dowry of 900,000 Portuguese cruzados or Castilian folds which was more than enough to solve many of his financial problems brought on by the recent war. Charles wasted no time in securing a papal dispensation for first cousins and the marriage contract for an alliance with Portugal were made - <mask> would marry him and her brother, King John III of Portugal, would marry his youngest sister, Catherine of Austria. The young Emperor intended to wed and then leave his future wife as regent to govern Spain while he went to Central Europe to deal with political and religious troubles there.In January 1526, <mask> traveled to Spain. Upon her arrival, she met the Duke of Calabria, the Archbishop of Toledo and the Duke of Béjar at the Spanish-Portuguese border. They escorted her to Seville, where she was to wait for Charles for a week. At the end, their wedding took place the very next day just after midnight on 11 March in the Palace of Alcázar of Seville. Although their marriage was a political arrangement, <mask> captivated her husband, who tarried with her longer than anticipated. They honeymooned for several months at the Alhambra in Granada, where Charles ordered the seeds of a Persian flower that had never been seen before in Spain. The seeds eventually grew

masks: Isabella Isabella Isabella Isabella


texts:
 into the red carnation which delighted <mask>.Her husband ordered thousands more to be planted in her honour, establishing the red carnation as Spain's floral emblem. Despite the mutual affection the royal couple shared, their marriage was not easy. Charles's first absence lasted from 1529 to April 1533. He remained in Spain for two years, only to depart again in December 1536. Although he came back briefly in 1538, he left almost immediately, returning in November 1539. As agreed by the nobles, their children were raised in Spain. <mask> supervised their education and taught them Portuguese.She wrote to her husband regularly, but often spent months without receiving letters. Regency

As he had planned, Charles appointed <mask> regent and governor of Spain during his absence from the peninsula to lead his military campaigns and attend the administration of his other kingdoms between 1529-33 and 1537–39. She attended meetings of the governing councils and consulted with the ministers. As time passed, the Empress took a more active role in the policy-making process, suggesting her own solutions rather than merely accepting recommendations. The Emperor considered her deliberations "very prudent and well thought out." Economy

<mask> was a profound connoisseur of the problems of the peninsular kingdoms, intransigently defending the good common to particular interests. At the external level, her sensible actions were decisive in the defence of the coasts of the peninsula and of North Africa, those infested by piracy.This allowed the flow of precious metals and turned Spain into one of the chief sources of the Imperial treasury. Through her regencies, <mask> ensured that Spain remained

masks: Isabella Isabella Isabella Isabella Isabella


texts:
 independent of the empire's expensive military policies and thus relatively prosperous during her lifetime. However, Castile became integrated into Charles's empire and suffered from high inflation after her death. The enormous budget deficit accumulated and inflation during her husband's later reign resulted in declaring bankruptcy during the reign of their son Philip II. Diplomacy

During her time as regent, <mask> effectively defended the royal power and the monarch's supreme authority, something essential because of the previous rebellions against the Emperor for his foreign relationships. She traveled regularly in the autumn between Toledo, Valladolid, Seville, Barcelona and Majorca. To deal with important matters of the empire, the royal couple wrote to each other more regularly.In foreign policy, <mask> actively intervened in the negotiations of marital alliances between the French and Spanish royal families. She was concerned that her own children wouldn't be forced to wed the much older offspring of King Francis I. Death

During several years, <mask> and the court traveled from city to city, moving in part to avoid exposure to epidemics. There is speculation that she suffered from consumption, with a contemporary describing <mask>: "The Empress is the greatest pity in the world; she is so thin as to not resemble a person". In 1539, she became pregnant for the seventh time, but contracted another fever in the third month that caused antenatal complications and gave birth to a stillborn son. <mask> died two weeks later on 1 May 1539 at the age of 35, without her husband present. Charles was left so devastated that he couldn't bring himself to accompany her body to the Royal


texts: Chapel of Granada, the burial place of the Catholic Monarchs.He instead instructed their son Philip to accompany his mother's body with Francis Borgia, 4th Duke of Gandía. Decomposition had so disfigured it, however, that Gandía couldn't recognize the Empress and was allegedly so horrified at what death had done to her beauty that he later became a Jesuit, gaining fame as San Francisco de Borja. Charles was so grief-stricken by his wife's death that he shut himself in a monastery for two months, praying and mourning for her in solitude. Charles never recovered from her death. He wore black for the rest of his life to show his eternal mourning. He never remarried, though he had an affair only once long after <mask>'s death that resulted in the birth of an illegitimate son. Charles died as a widower in 1558 while holding the same cross in his hand which <mask> held in her hand when she died.In 1574, the body of Empress <mask> was transferred by her son to the Royal Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial, where she was originally interred into a small vault along with her husband directly underneath the altar of the Royal Chapel. This was done in accordance with Charles's last will and testament, in which he left a codicil asking for the establishment of a new religious foundation in which he and <mask> would be reburied together side by side, "half-body under the altar and half under the priest's feet". They remained in the Royal Chapel while the famous Basilica of the Monastery and the Royal Crypt were still under construction. In 1654, after the Basilica and Royal Crypt were finally completed during the reign of their great-grandson Philip IV, the remains of <mask> and Charles were


texts:
 moved into the Royal Pantheon of Kings, which lies directly under the Basilica. On one side of the Basilica are bronze effigies of Charles and <mask>, with effigies of their daughter Maria of Austria and Charles's sisters, Eleanor of Austria and Maria of Hungary, behind them. Exactly adjacent to them on the opposite side of the Basilica are effigies of their son Philip with three of his wives and their ill-fated grandson, Carlos, Prince of Asturias. Post-mortem tributes

In memory of his wife <mask>, Charles commissioned several tributes through art and music, beginning in 1540 when he commissioned the Flemish composer Thomas Crecquillon to compose new music in honour of the Empress.Crecquillon composed his Missa Mort m'a privé as a memorial to <mask>, which expresses the Emperor's grief and wish for a heavenly reunion with his beloved wife. Another musical tribute to <mask> is Carole cur defles Isabellam that was composed in 1545 by the Franco-Flemish composer Nicolas Payen. In 1543, Charles commissioned his favourite painter Titian to paint posthumous portraits of <mask> by using earlier ones of her as his model. Titian painted several portraits of the Empress, which included his Portrait of The Empress Isabel of Portugal and La Gloria. He later painted a double portrait of the imperial couple together, of which there is a copy by Peter Paul Rubens. Charles kept these portraits with him whenever he travelled and after he retired to the Monastery of Yuste in 1555. Issue

Ancestry

Cultural depictions
<mask> of Portugal is portrayed by Blanca Suárez in the TVE series Carlos, Rey Emperador.See also
Descendants of <mask> of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon
Descendants of Manuel I of

masks:
Isabella
Isabella
Isabella
Isabella
Isabella
Isabella
Isabella I


texts:
 Portugal

References

Bibliography
<mask> of Portugal (1503–1539)

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1503 births
1539 deaths
People from Lisbon
16th-century Portuguese people
House of Aviz
Spanish royal consorts
Castilian queen consorts
Leonese queen consorts
Galician queens consort
Majorcan queens consort
Aragonese queen consorts
Countesses of Barcelona
Duchesses of Burgundy
Countesses of Burgundy
Countesses of Flanders
Duchesses of Brabant
Duchesses of Luxembourg
Duchesses of Limburg
Countesses of Artois
Countesses of Holland
Countesses of Hainaut
Portuguese people of Spanish descent
Regents of Spain
16th-century women rulers
16th-century women of the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empresses
Austrian royal consorts
Royal consorts of Naples
Royal consorts of Sicily
Italian queens consort
German queens consort
Deaths in childbirth
Burials in the Pantheon of Kings at El


texts:
<mask>, Marquis de l'Hôpital (; sometimes spelled L'Hospital; 1661 – 2 February 1704), also known as <mask>-<mask>ôpital, Marquis de Sainte-Mesme, Comte d'Entremont, and Seigneur d'Ouques-la-Chaise, was a French mathematician. His name is firmly associated with l'Hôpital's rule for calculating limits involving indeterminate forms 0/0 and ∞/∞. Although the rule did not originate with l'Hôpital, it appeared in print for the first time in his 1696 treatise on the infinitesimal calculus, entitled Analyse des Infiniment Petits pour l'Intelligence des Lignes Courbes. This book was a first systematic exposition of differential calculus. Several editions and translations to other languages were published and it became a model for subsequent treatments of calculus. Biography

L'Hôpital was born into a military family. His father was <mask>'Hôpital, a Lieutenant-General of the King's army, Comte de Saint-Mesme and the first squire of Gaston, Duke of Orléans.His mother was Elisabeth Gobelin, a daughter of <mask>, Intendant in the King's Army and Councilor of the State. L'Hôpital abandoned a military career due to poor eyesight and pursued his interest in mathematics, which was apparent since his childhood. For a while, he was a member of Nicolas Malebranche's circle in Paris and it was there that in 1691 he met young Johann Bernoulli, who was visiting France and agreed to supplement his Paris talks on infinitesimal calculus with private lectures to l'Hôpital at his estate at Oucques. In 1693, l'Hôpital was elected to the French academy of sciences and

masks:
Guillaume François Antoine
Guillaume François
Antoine Marquis de l H
Anne Alexandre de l
Claude Gobelin


texts:
 even served twice as its vice-president. Among his accomplishments were the determination of the arc length of the logarithmic graph, one of the solutions to the brachistochrone problem, and the discovery of a turning point singularity on the involute of a plane curve near an inflection point. L'Hôpital exchanged ideas with Pierre Varignon and corresponded with Gottfried Leibniz, Christiaan Huygens, and Jacob and Johann Bernoulli. His Traité analytique des sections coniques et de leur usage pour la résolution des équations dans les problêmes tant déterminés qu'indéterminés ("Analytic treatise on conic sections") was published posthumously in Paris in 1707.Calculus textbook

In 1696 l'Hôpital published his book Analyse des Infiniment Petits pour l'Intelligence des Lignes Courbes ("Infinitesimal calculus with applications to curved lines"). This was the first textbook on infinitesimal calculus and it presented the ideas of differential calculus and their applications to differential geometry of curves in a lucid form and with numerous figures; however, it did not consider integration. The history leading to the book's publication became a subject of a protracted controversy. In a letter from 17 March 1694, l'Hôpital made the following proposal to Johann Bernoulli: in exchange for an annual payment of 300 Francs, Bernoulli would inform l'Hôpital of his latest mathematical discoveries, withholding them from correspondence with others, including Varignon. Bernoulli's immediate response has not been preserved, but he must have agreed soon, as


texts: the subsequent letters show. L'Hôpital may have felt fully justified in describing these results in his book, after acknowledging his debt to Leibniz and the Bernoulli brothers, "especially the younger one" (Johann). Johann Bernoulli grew increasingly unhappy with the accolades bestowed on l'Hôpital's work and complained in private correspondence about being sidelined.After l'Hôpital's death, he publicly revealed their agreement and claimed credit for the statements and portions of the text of Analyse, which were supplied to l'Hôpital in letters. Over a period of many years, Bernoulli made progressively stronger allegations about his role in the writing of Analyse, culminating in the publication of his old work on integral calculus in 1742: he remarked that this is a continuation of his old lectures on differential calculus, which he discarded since l'Hôpital had already included them in his famous book. For a long time, these claims were not regarded as credible by many historians of mathematics, because l'Hôpital's mathematical talent was not in doubt, while Bernoulli was involved in several other priority disputes. For example, both H. G. Zeuthen and Moritz Cantor, writing at the cusp of the 20th century, dismissed Bernoulli's claims on these grounds. However, in 1921 Paul Schafheitlin discovered a manuscript of Bernoulli's lectures on differential calculus from 1691 to 1692 in the Basel University library. The text showed remarkable similarities to l'Hôpital's writing, substantiating Bernoulli's account of the book's origin. L'Hôpital's


texts:
 pedagogical brilliance in arranging and presenting the material remains universally recognized.Regardless of the exact authorship (the book was first published anonymously), Analyse was remarkably successful in popularizing the ideas of differential calculus stemming from Leibniz. Personal life
L'Hôpital married Marie-<mask> Romilley <mask> Chesnelaye, also a mathematician and a member of the nobility, and inheritor of large estates in Brittany. Together, they had one son and three daughters. Notes

References
 G. L'Hôpital, E. Stone, The Method of Fluxions, both direct and inverse; the former being a translation from <mask>'Hospital's "Analyse des infinements petits," and the latter, supplied by the translator, Edmund Stone, London, 1730
 G. L'Hôpital, Analyse des Infiniment Petits pour l'Intelligence des Lignes Courbes, Paris, 1696
 G. L'Hôpital, Analyse des infinement petits, Paris 1715
  William Fox, <mask>-<mask> L'Hôpital, Catholic Encyclopedia, vol 7, New York, Robert Appleton Company, 1910
 C. Truesdell The New Bernoulli Edition Isis, Vol. 49, No. 1. (Mar., 1958), pp.54–62, discusses the strange agreement between Bernoulli and <mask>'Hôpital on pages 59–62. A.P. Yushkevich (ed), History of mathematics from the most ancient times to the beginning of the 19th century, vol 2, Mathematics of the 17th century (in Russian). Moscow, Nauka, 1970

External links

1661 births
1704 deaths
17th-century French mathematicians
18th-century French mathematicians
History of calculus
Mathematical analysts
Officers of the French Academy of

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Charlotte de
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Guillaume François
Antoine de
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<mask> (born November 14, 1973) is an American film, television and commercial executive producer, author, entrepreneur, and philanthropist. Ebeling has been honored by Advertising Age as one of the “Top 50 Most Creative People”, 2015 Wired Magazine Agent of Change, and the recipient of the 2014 Muhammad Ali Humanitarian of the Year Award. Ebeling is the founder and CEO of Not Impossible Labs, a company committed to creating technology for the sake of humanity. Ebeling is also founder of The Ebeling Group and the nonprofit The Not Impossible Foundation. Career
Ebeling's first entertainment job was launching Venice Beach based, FUEL in 1995. FUEL was a motion design studio using one of the first versions of the Adobe After Effects software. FUEL was bought by Razorfish in July 1999.Ebeling then went on to be the CEO of THEY. THEY was a cross-platform design company that worked with clients such as NASA. In 2001, <mask> formed The Ebeling Group (TEG), a commercial and film production company that focuses on animation, design and visual effects. From 2006 to 2011, under Ebeling's leadership the company branched into film and long form content with credits on titles such as “Stranger Than Fiction” (2006), “Kite Runner” (2007), “Quantum of Solace” (2008), the award-winning animation "Yes, Virginia" television special for CBS (2009) and a series of short films with Marvel Studios called "One-Shots" (2011). Ebeling is also the executive producer of the documentary film "Getting Up: The Tempt One Story", winner of the Audience Award at the 2011 Slamdance Film Festival. In 2014, Ebeling will be featured as one of Intel's Innovators for their "Look

masks:
Mick Ebeling
Mick


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 Inside" Series. Other sponsored Innovators include Jack Andraka.<mask>'s first book, Not Impossible: The Art and Joy of Doing What Couldn't Be Done, discusses his work on the Eyewriter and Project Daniel and was released by Simon & Schuster on January 6, 2015. The Book is now in its fifth printing. The Eyewriter

In April 2009, Ebeling flew five programmers and hackers from Graffiti Research Lab, Free Art and Technology Lab, and openFrameworks to Los Angeles and in the living room of his home created the EyeWriter, an open source, DIY device which enables individuals with paralysis to communicate and create art using only the movement of their eyes. The EyeWriter project was conceptualized and first created for Tempt One, a Los Angeles-based graffiti artist who was diagnosed with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in 2003. Tempt1 wrote his first piece of graffiti after seven years using the EyeWriter on April 10, 2009. Ebeling's March 2011 TED talk: The invention that unlocked the locked-in artist discusses the creation of The EyeWriter and Ebeling's mission to raise public awareness and inspire ideas that encourage change. With no technical background in ocular recognition technology, Ebeling asks the question: “If not now, then when?If not me, then who?”  TIME magazine called it one of the “50 Best Inventions of 2010,” and the device is now part of the permanent collection of New York’s Museum of Modern Art (MoMA). Project Daniel

In November 2013, Ebeling traveled to Sudan to 3D-print arms for children who lost their limbs in the war. Ebeling set up what is likely the first-ever 3D printing prosthetic lab in the Nuba Mountains. The


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 mission was called "Project Daniel." Ebeling debuted "Project Daniel" at CES 2014 in Las Vegas alongside Intel. Of the project, TIME's tech journalist Harry McCracken wrote, "it’s hard to imagine any other device here doing more to make the world a better place.” Project Daniel has won numerous accolades, including a 2015 SXSW Interactive Innovation Award, as well as being nominated for “Design of the Year” from London’s Design Museum. In 2014, it garnered the Titanium Cannes Lion as well as Gold and Bronze Lions.Project Daniel also won Association of Independent Commercial Producers’ Next Cause Marketing Award, Best in Show in the 2014 One Show, Silver and Bronze Telly Awards, and the 2014 Maker Faire Editor's Choice Blue Ribbon. Project Daniel has been featured in Time, WIRED, Business Insider, Yahoo! Finance, BBC, The Guardian, Globo, The Independent, and CNET. Personal life and education
<mask> was raised in a family of entrepreneurs and philanthropists, son of Marge and <mask>. He was born in Long Beach, California and raised in Phoenix, Arizona where he attended Brophy College Preparatory. He went on to play basketball for the Air Force Academy, Colorado before he transferred to University of California, Santa Barbara where he graduated in 1992 with a degree in political science. <mask> <mask>, an American filmmaker and screenwriter; they have three children: Angus, Bo Jameson, and Trace.Caskey is a partner of The Ebeling Group and co-founder of The Not Impossible Foundation. The Ebelings documented the creation of the EyeWriter that began in the living room of their Venice Beach home in a documentary titled "Getting Up: The TEMPT ONE

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Les Ebeling
Mickaskey
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<mask> (September 5, 1931 – June 26, 1956) was an American jazz pianist, composer, and arranger. He was not assisted in his musical development by Bud, his older and better known brother, but both played predominantly in the bebop style. After early work around Philadelphia and New York City, <mask> played in the bands of Paul Williams (1951–52) and Johnny Hodges (1952–54). He switched in the spring of 1954 to being pianist and arranger for the quintet co-led by trumpeter Clifford Brown and drummer Max Roach. This band toured extensively across the U.S. for two years, and released both studio and concert recordings, including the Grammy Hall of Fame inductee Clifford Brown & Max Roach. <mask>, his wife, and Brown were killed in a car crash when traveling overnight from Philadelphia to Chicago. <mask> was beginning to achieve recognition at the time of his death, but he never had the chance to record as a leader.He had a playful piano style, and was fond of using musical quotations. His relatively heavy touch and use of left-hand fourths influenced fellow pianist McCoy Tyner. Early life
<mask> was born in New York City on September 5, 1931. He was the youngest of three sons, after William, Jr., and Bud, seven years <mask>'s elder. Their parents were William, Sr. and <mask>. The family was musical: William, Sr. was a stride pianist; William, Jr. led bands as a trumpeter and violinist; and pianist Bud became one of the leaders of bebop. One account of why <mask> took up the piano is that he pestered drummer Max Roach, who lived nearby, for drum lessons, and Roach, eventually fed up, suggested that he play the piano instead.Bud did not assist his brother at all in his musical endeavors; instead, according to a biographer of saxophonist Jackie McLean, "it was an excellent but now forgotten pianist named Bob Bunyan who taught <mask> chords on the piano. <mask> would

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Richard Powell
Richie Powell
Powell
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Powell
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Pearl Powell
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 study with Bunyan, and then go home and watch his brother practice. [...] <mask> and Jackie became tight friends and used to rehearse together". <mask> also studied music with Mary Lou Williams,
and attended the City College of New York. Later life and career
From 1949 to 1951, <mask> worked around Philadelphia and New York City. He then played in the bands of Paul Williams (1951–52) and Johnny Hodges (1952–54). With Williams' R&B-oriented band he recorded four tracks late in 1952 that were released as singles.<mask> also played on a medley track for the Hodges album Used to Be Duke (1954). <mask> was with Hodges' band in Los Angeles in the spring of 1954 when Roach needed a new pianist for the quintet that he co-led with trumpeter Clifford Brown. <mask> was offered, and accepted, the job. He also became arranger for the quintet. They performed and rehearsed a lot, then had several recording sessions that August for EmArcy Records, which resulted in their first album, Brown and Roach Incorporated. In the same month, <mask> was involved as pianist for some tracks at a session arranged for singer Dinah Washington that featured a studio audience. In September the quintet played for a fortnight at the Black Hawk in San Francisco, then began a tour of the eastern United States the following month.The band's saxophonist, Harold Land, reported that, when touring, "<mask> was a little busy with the ladies. He had harems in almost every city". Further recording sessions for <mask> with Brown and Roach took place in New York during January and February 1955. The tracks cut in January, with arrangements by Neal Hefti, were released as Clifford Brown with Strings. The February sessions yielded the albums Study in Brown, and, combined with tracks from the previous year, Clifford Brown & Max Roach. The latter was added to the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1999. At the Newport Jazz

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 Festival in July 1955 <mask> played with Roach and others as backing for Washington.Recordings made of the Brown–Roach quintet at the same event were released decades later. The quintet with Sonny Rollins, who replaced Land on tenor saxophone, recorded what became their last official album early in 1956. Clifford Brown and Max Roach at Basin Street contained playing at even faster tempos than on their earlier album releases. Several of the tunes were composed by <mask>; on one, "Time", <mask> played celeste in addition to his usual piano. Another was "Gertrude's Bounce", which <mask> said was named following his admiration for the way in which artist Gertrude Abercrombie walked. The third of his originals, "Powell's Prances", was "a modal composition, with Brown and Rollins improvising on the scale rather than on the usual chord changes", a form popularized three years later by Miles Davis. The band continued touring in 1956, including to Toronto.In late February or early March, <mask> and Rollins, traveling together near Philadelphia, were involved in a crash that destroyed <mask>'s car, but they were not seriously injured. The quintet recorded under the leadership of Rollins in March for Prestige; this was released as Sonny Rollins Plus 4. They also had live national CBS Radio broadcasts from the Basin Street club in April and May. Two years of exposure with the Brown–Roach ensemble meant that <mask> was beginning to achieve some recognition in his own right. On June 26, 1956, <mask> and his wife, Nancy, together with Brown, were traveling overnight by car from Philadelphia to Chicago. On the Pennsylvania Turnpike outside Bedford, in heavy rain, Nancy lost control of the vehicle, which crashed off the road and rolled down an embankment. All three were killed instantly.Nancy was 19; Brown, 25; and <mask>, 24. Playing style
Although he also played swing and

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 R&B, <mask> was known as a bebop player. This included using right-hand single-note lines. In his playing with Brown and Roach, he was fond of inserting musical quotes, including from nursery rhymes and opera. <mask> usually played as part of a rhythm section in ensembles, so there are few recorded examples of him in smaller bands. In one 1954 session he recorded a trio version of "I'll String Along with You", on which he used "heavily chorded patterns with intriguing flourishes." Another exception to <mask> being in a supporting role is his extended introductory section to a 1954 Hodges recording of "Autumn in New York".On this track, in the words of critic Marc Myers six decades later, <mask>'s playing was "regal, bouncy and appropriately lush, with shades of Erroll Garner, Al Haig and <mask>'s brother, Bud. [...] In 'Autumn in New York', we clearly hear a dramatic, playful pianist who was fast becoming an extraordinary talent." Influence
Pianist McCoy Tyner, who grew up close to the <mask> brothers in Philadelphia, was influenced by their relatively heavy keyboard touch and their liking of percussive piano sounds. Tyner also got some of his inspiration for chord voicings from hearing <mask>'s use of left-hand fourths. Tyner's voicings became the norm for young jazz pianists. When Harold Mabern was at the beginning of his career, he emulated the harmonies in <mask>'s comping. Discography
<mask> did not make any recordings as a leader.Bootlegs and other unofficial recordings are not included. Albums as sideman

References

Bibliography

1931 births
1956 deaths
African-American jazz pianists
American male pianists
Bebop pianists
Jazz musicians from New York (state)
American male jazz musicians
Musicians from New York City
Road incident deaths in Pennsylvania
20th-century American pianists
20th-century American male musicians
20th-century African-American

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E<mask> (born July 27, 1942) is a leadership consultant, an adjunct professor at Asia-Pacific Nazarene Theological Seminary, and a retired American ordained minister in the Church of the Nazarene who is President emeritus of Mount Vernon Nazarene University, President emeritus of Asia-Pacific Nazarene Theological Seminary, and who served the Church of the Nazarene as the Education Commissioner from March 2008 to September 2011. Additionally, <mask> was an editor in the Church Schools Department of the Church of the Nazarene in Kansas City, Missouri; Academic Dean of European Nazarene Bible College in Busingen, Germany (1978–1982); Associate Professor of Christian Education and Lay Ministry Development, and Coordinator of the Master of Ministry program at Bethany Nazarene College (1982–1984); the 2nd President of Asia-Pacific Nazarene Theological Seminary (APNTS) in Taytay, Rizal, the Philippines from September 1984 to July 1989; and the 5th President of Mount Vernon Nazarene University (MVNU) in Mount Vernon, Ohio for over 17 years from July 1989 until his retirement on January 31, 2007. <mask> founded and has served as the director of BoardServe LLC, "a consulting service for governing boards and their leaders", since 2011. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee on July 27, 1942, the oldest of the four children of <mask><mask> (born February 27, 1918 in Chattanooga, Tennessee; died April 1977 in Pottstown, Pennsylvania), a woodworker at the Cavalier Furniture Company, and his wife, <mask> (born August 30, 1916 in Alabama; died March 31, 1973 in Hialeah, Florida), a knitter in a hosiery mill. <mask> is the older brother of Charles Freeman Fairbanks; Carolyn Faye

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. LeBron Fairbanks
Fairbanks
Fairbanks
Edward LeBron Fairbanks
Edward T
. Fairbanks
Ruby Bernice Woody Fairbanks
Fairbanks


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 Fairbanks-Alford Lawson; and Dr. Larry Russell Fairbanks, who served as a pastor with the Church of the Nazarene for 28 years, and was District Superintendent of the Northwestern Ohio District, Church of the Nazarene (1998–2008). Hialeah, FL (1956–1960)
From 1956 to 1960, Fairbanks attended Hialeah High School. To help supplement the family income and pay for his education, Fairbanks worked afternoons after school at the local A&P grocery store.As a teenager, <mask> and his mother and siblings attended the Church of the Nazarene at 310 East 5th Street in Hialeah. In the summer of 1959, <mask> attended a summer church camp meeting. During a Saturday morning service, he responded to an invitation from the pastor and prayed, surrounded by friends. For <mask>, "this was a defining and clarifying moment that had obvious implications for the rest of his life." In a 2007 interview <mask> commented:
"I remember going back to my high school and telling my best friend at the time that something significant had just happened to me and I would not be doing the things and going to the places we used to. I really wanted to be a Christian. <mask> also now had the desire to attend college.A few months after his conversion in 1959, during his senior year of high school, <mask> was diagnosed with leukemia, and advised that he would not live. In December 2010 <mask> recalled:
Within months following a life transforming, grace initiated conversion to Christ, I was diagnosed with leukemia. My parents were told that I would not leave the hospital alive. My worst night in the hospital was when I received a long distance telephone call in my hospital room from a friend who wanted to talk to me before I 'died.' A

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 healing and prayer was held in my room with family and friends from the local Nazarene Church. Within weeks, I left the hospital. After four years of regular medical appointments, <mask> was advised there was no longer any traces of the disease.<mask> preached his first sermon in the Church of the Nazarene in Hialeah as one of the congregation's "preacher boys". Trevecca Nazarene College (1960–1964)
In the fall of 1960, <mask> enrolled at Trevecca Nazarene College (TNC) in Nashville, Tennessee, the first person in his extended family of thirteen brothers and sisters of his mother and four siblings of his father to enroll in a college or university. In his first week at TNC, <mask> met his future wife, classmate <mask> James (born September 16, 1942 in Gainesville, Georgia). Soon after enrolling at TNC, <mask> "responded to what I perceived as a call of God to pastoral ministry." In 2009 <mask> recalled:
I remember repeating often to myself as a young theological student these words, "if I am going to be a pastor, then I want to be the best trained pastor I can be." ... It was during these years that a fascination with Wesleyan theology developed as I absorbed the teaching of Drs.William Greathouse, John Allan Knight (sic) and Bill Strickland. During his sophomore year at TNC, <mask> had a significant spiritual experience. In 2004, he recalled:
Something very significant happened to me spiritually in my sophomore year. I remember the date - January 17, 1962. Revival services were being held on campus. In some way, God gripped my heart through the singing and preaching. I remember going to my room following the service.I made a little altar out of a milk carton box. That night I was sanctified

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Fairbanks
Fairbanks
Fairbanks
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Edith Anne
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 through and through. I came to the point of saying to God, "If I am going to be a Christian, I want to be the best Christian I can. I don't want to play games. I don't want to go halfway. Here's my life. Translate my testimony of faith to integrity in life.I want my words spoken and deeds done to flow from what I believe and affirm." From the depth of my heart, that night, and by the grace of God, I spoke a "forever yes!" to God the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. <mask> and Anne James were married on June 22, 1962. <mask> graduated from TNC with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1964. Career
Following graduation, <mask> became an associate pastor at Grace Church of the Nazarene in Nashville, Tennessee. Simultaneously, he enrolled in Scarritt College, a Methodist graduate school, to complete a Master of Arts in Christian Education, which he completed in 1967.In 1967, <mask> became a member of the editorial staff of the Church of the Nazarene's Department of Church Schools located at the International Headquarters of the denomination in Kansas City, Missouri, where he worked closely with Dr. Albert F. Harper and Dr. Kenneth Rice. Concurrently, <mask> enrolled in the Master of Divinity program at Nazarene Theological Seminary, and was a teaching assistant to Dr. Chester "Chet" Galloway, the first professor of Christian Education at NTS. As part of that responsibility, <mask> taught his first class - Christian Education of Children. <mask> graduated with an M.Div. in 1970. On August 27 1970, <mask> was ordained an elder in the Church of the Nazarene by the Tennessee District. Pastor, Church of the Nazarene, Pennsylvania (1971–1978)
After becoming pastor of the Church of the Nazarene in Norristown,

masks: Fairbanks Fairbanks Fairbanks Fairbanks Fairbanks Fairbanks Fairbanks Fairbanks


texts: Pennsylvania in 1971, <mask> enrolled at and graduated from Princeton Theological Seminary (PTS) with a Master of Theology, where he served as teaching assistant to Dr. D. Campbell Wyckoff, "the premier Christian education theorist in the United States during the ’60s to ’80s."Later in 1971, <mask> enrolled in inaugural Doctor of Ministry program at PTS. In 1974, <mask> left the Norristown church to become associate pastor at the Immanuel Church of the Nazarene in Lansdale, Pennsylvania; however. in 1975 he left to become pastor of the Community Church of the Nazarene in West Grove, Pennsylvania, a position he held until 1978. From 1975 to 1978, <mask> was President of the Nazarene Young People's Society (from 1976 Nazarene Youth International) on the Philadelphia District Church of the Nazarene. In June 1976, <mask> was elected to a four-year term as a member of the General Council of Nazarene Youth International at the quadrennial General Convention held in Dallas, Texas. In 1978 he resigned each of these positions to accept the invitation to become Academic Dean of European Nazarene Bible College. Despite completing the coursework in pastoral ministry and being named as a Fellow in Pastoral Leadership Education in 1976, <mask> eventually withdrew from the D.Min.program at PTS before submitting his thesis as he was increasingly engrossed in pastoral ministry. After attending the Continental Congress on the Family, a national conference of 1800 evangelical Christians that met in St. Louis, Missouri the week of October 13, 1975, and with the encouragement of Dr. James D. Hamilton, professor of pastoral care and counseling at NTS, <mask> enrolled in NTS’s first Doctor of Ministry class in 1976.


texts:
 More than thirty years later <mask> indicated: "It was one of the best decisions I’ve made in life." In 1978, <mask> graduated with the Doctor of Ministry degree from NTS after submitting a thesis, "Strengthening Family Communication in the Christian Home: A Family Enrichment Retreat." Academic Dean, European Nazarene Bible College (1978–1982)
In 1978, <mask> became the Academic Dean of European Nazarene Bible College (ENBC) (now European Nazarene College) in Büsingen, Germany. By 1979 <mask> initiated and chaired a self-study committee. Under his leadership, ENBC expanded the curricular choices by including the Bachelor of Arts program offered in conjunction with MidAmerica Nazarene College.Additionally, <mask> worked to implement a special relationship with MANC both to share faculty and to allow selected ENBC students to graduate with baccalaureate degrees accredited through the U.S.’s North Central Association. Professor, Bethany Nazarene College (1982–1984)
In 1982, <mask> became Associate Professor of Christian Education and Lay Ministry Development, and Coordinator of the Master of Ministry program at Bethany Nazarene College (now Southern Nazarene University)in Bethany, Oklahoma. 2nd President, Asia-Pacific Nazarene Theological Seminary (1984–1989)
In April 1984, the Board of General Superintendents elected <mask> as the second President of Asia-Pacific Nazarene Theological Seminary (APNTS) in Kaytikling, Taytay, Rizal, Philippines, to succeed founding President Dr. Donald D. Owens, who also was Regional Director of the Asia Region of the Church of the Nazarene, who had resigned early in 1984 as he had felt that the demands of being both Regional Director of the Asia Region and President


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 of APNTS were too much. <mask> visited APNTS for the first time in July 1984, and moved to Manila with Anne and their son, Stephen, in September 1984. In March 2005, <mask> was installed as the first full-time APNTS President by General Superintendent Dr. William M. Greathouse. In addition to being President, <mask> taught in the areas of pastoral ministry and Christian education. He turned his attention to separating and transferring the financial records and administration of APNTS from the regional office to the Seminary, and to helping the faculty articulate a mission statement for the school.<mask> resigned from APNTS in July 1989 and was succeeded as President by Dr. John M. Nielson, then a Vice-President of Eastern Nazarene College, and a former missionary to Denmark. 5th President, Mount Vernon Nazarene College (1989–2007)
On July 27, 1989, the Board of Trustees of Mount Vernon Nazarene College (now Mount Vernon Nazarene University) elected <mask> as MVNC's fifth president, a position he held for over 17 years until his retirement on January 31, 2007, making him the longest-serving president of the institution. In his final report to the MVNU Board of Trustees on November 2 2006, <mask> summarised the notable achievements of his presidency: "Permit me to reflect for a few moments on the years since 1989 when I was elected MVNU’s fifth president. In my most recent article for “In Focus,” our internal communication newsletter, I shared with the faculty and staff some thoughts about change at MVNU. Some things have changed. For instance: Enrollment to 2,670 (+150%). Operating budget to $43 million (+300%).New and expanded academic programs for undergraduate and graduate students taught in

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 traditional and non-traditional formats. University transition. Discipline-specific national accreditation. Midwest regional academic recognition. New academic and residence life facilities. Satellite campuses. Campus Ministries division.Cultural diversity initiatives. Property expansion from 279 to 405 acres. MVNU endowment expanded to $12.6 million (+400%). Cumulative Current (or emergency) Fund increased to $2.7 million (+153%). Debt burden ratio reduced to 2.1%. Foundation Board created to manage Endowment and University funds. Strategic plans and leadership agendas to guide the university through the decade."From 1995 until his retirement in 2007, <mask> was also a professor at MVNU, teaching a one-week module "The Pastor as Leader: Leading a Christian Community of Faith" on four occasions. In 1998, <mask> was credited by The New York Times as the originator of the 1994 idea for MVNC and five other Ohio colleges to save money by seeking ways to combine administrative tasks and other resources, resulting in a $4 million grant from the Teagle Foundation, a midsize private philanthropy, to establish the Collaborative Ventures Program. Further Studies and other activities
While serving as President of MVNU, <mask> pursued post-doctoral studies at the Harvard Graduate School of Education's Institute of Educational Management in 1991, and was a Research Fellow at the Yale University Divinity School in New Haven, Connecticut during 1999. At the invitation of Bob Ney, chairman of the Subcommittee On Housing and Community Opportunity, in March 2003 <mask> testified before a United States congressional subcommittee in favor of the Bush administration's proposal that would make it easier for religious

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 groups to receive federal social security funding, specifically arguing that MVNC wanted to build subsidized housing for low-income students but was prevented by legislation from applying for such aid even though public colleges were eligible. Retirement (2007–2008)
After <mask> left MVNU, he spent a few months at their home in Lakeland, Florida completing Learning to Be Last: Leadership for Congregational Transformation (Beacon Hill Press of Kansas City, 2008) that he co-wrote with Stan Toler. Additionally, <mask> chaired a Missional Review team assessing the Church of the Nazarene International Board of Education (IBOE) and the role of the Education Commissioner. In late March 2007 <mask> travelled to The Netherlands where he participated in meetings of the International Course of Study Advisory Committee (ICOSAC) and the IBOE.The <mask>es  returned to European Nazarene College (EuNC) for the fall 2007 semester and taught in EuNC's extension program throughout Europe. In September 2007, the APNTS Board of Trustees elected <mask> as vice-president for Planning and Development, a non-resident administration position. In January 2008, <mask> became an adjunct professor at APNTS, where he has taught "Organizational Leadership", "Legal, Ethical, and Political Issues in Leadership', and "Spiritual Formation" courses. 3rd Education Commissioner of the Church of the Nazarene (2008–2011)
Despite having retired from Mount Vernon Nazarene University, <mask> accepted unanimous election as the denomination's 3rd Education Commissioner by the General Board of the Church of the Nazarene on February 2008. As the Education Commissioner, it was his responsibility work closely with the International Board of