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 secret societies, ought to be abolished." Franco-Prussian War

When the Franco-Prussian War broke out in July 1870, Italian public opinion heavily favored the Prussians, and many Italians attempted to sign up as volunteers at the Prussian embassy in Florence. After the French garrison was recalled from Rome, the Italian Army captured the Papal States without <mask>'s assistance. Following the wartime collapse of the Second French Empire after the Battle of Sedan, <mask>, undaunted by the recent hostility shown to him by the men of Napoleon III, switched his support to the newly declared French Third Republic.On 7 September 1870, within three days of the revolution in Paris that ended the Empire, he wrote to the Movimento of Genoa, "Yesterday I said to you: war to the death to Bonaparte. Today I say to you: rescue the French Republic by every means." Subsequently, <mask> went to France and assumed command of the Army of the Vosges, an army of volunteers. French socialist Louis Blanc referred to Garibaldi as a "soldier of revolutionary cosmopolitanism" based on his support for liberation movements through the world. After the war he was elected to the French National Assembly, where he briefly served as member of Parliament for Alpes-Maritimes before returning to Caprera. Involvement with the First International
When the Paris Commune erupted in 1871, <mask> joined with younger radicals such as Felice Cavallotti in declaring his full support for the Communards and internationalism. Garibaldi suggested a grand alliance between various factions of the left: "Why don't we pull together in one organized group


type: original

texts: the Freemasonry, democratic societies, workers' clubs, Rationalists, Mutual Aid, etc., which have the same tendency towards good?"He began organizing a Congress of Unity, which was supported by many of the radical, free-thinking, and socialist groups throughout Italy such as La Plebe. The Congress was held in the Teatro Argentina despite being banned by the government, and endorsed a set of radical policies including universal suffrage, progressive taxation, compulsory lay education, administrative reform, and abolition of the death penalty. <mask> had long claimed an interest in a vague ethical socialism such as that advanced by Henri Saint-Simon and saw the struggle for liberty as an international affair, one which "does not make any distinction between the African and the American, the European and the Asian, and therefore proclaims the fraternity of all men whatever nation they belong to." He interpreted the International Workingmen's Association as an extension of the humanitarian ideals for which he had always fought. Although he did not agree with their calls for the abolition of property, <mask> defended the Communards and the First International against the attacks of their enemies: "Is it not the product of the abnormal state in which society finds itself in the world? [...] Shouldn't a society (I mean a human society) in which the majority struggle for subsistence and the minority want to take the larger part of the product of the former through deceptions and violence but without hard work, arouse discontent and thoughts of revenge amongst those who suffer?" <mask> wrote a letter to Celso

masks: Garibaldi Garibaldi Garibaldi


texts: Ceretti in which he declared: "The International is the sun of the future [sole dell'avvenire]!"The letter was printed in dozens of workers' newssheets and papers, and was instrumental in persuading many fence-sitters to join the organization. After <mask>'s death, many of his disciples embraced the libertarian socialist ideas of Mikhail Bakunin. As Italy still lacked an industrial proletariat, "<mask>'s socialism represented most accurately craft trade-unionism and a general focus on economic egalitarianism". His socialism was a "socialism wherein the struggle against every injustice, and a love for freedom, predominated. <mask> was not an unpractical man, but an active witness of that kind of generosity in feelings and firm wish for justice". In the first volume of Carl Landauer's European Socialism, <mask> is mentioned alongside Mazzini as outstanding "Italian revolutionaries". According to Denis Mack Smith, "the difference is not so large when we find what Garibaldi meant by the term.Socialism for him was nothing very revolutionary, and perhaps he flaunted the word partly because he delighted to feel that it would shock the Mazzinians". In describing the move to the left of <mask> and the Mazzinians, Lucy Riall writes that this "emphasis by younger radicals on the 'social question' was paralleled by an increase in what was called 'internationalist' or socialist activity (mostly Bakuninist anarchism) throughout northern and southern Italy, which was given a big boost by the Paris Commune". The rise of this socialism "represented a genuine challenge to Mazzini and the Mazzinian emphasis on politics and

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 culture; and Mazzinis' death early in 1872 only served to underline the prevailing sense that his political era was over. <mask> now broke definitively with Mazzini, and this time he moved to the left of him. He came out entirely in favour of the Paris Commune and internationalism, and his stance brought him much closer to the younger radicals, especially Cavallotti, and gave him a new lease on political life. From his support was born an initiative to relaunch a broad party of the radical left". Despite being elected again to the Italian parliament, first as part of the Historical Left and then of the Historical Far Left, <mask> spent much of his late years in Caprera.However, he still managed to serve the Italian parliament with extreme distinction and supported an ambitious project of land reclamation in the marshy areas of southern Lazio. In 1879, <mask> founded the League of Democracy, along with Cavallotti, Alberto Mario and Agostino Bertani, which reiterated his support for universal suffrage, abolition of ecclesiastical property, the legal and political emancipation of women and a plan of public works to improve the Roman countryside that was completed. On the Ottoman Empire
In a 6 October 1875 letter from Caprera, "To my brothers of the Herzegovina and to the oppressed of Eastern Europe", <mask> wrote:

 Death

Ill and confined to bed by arthritis, Garibaldi made trips to Calabria and Sicily. In 1880, he married Francesca Armosino, with whom he previously had three children. On his deathbed, <mask> asked for his bed to be moved to where he could view the sea. On his death on 2 June 1882 at the


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 age of almost 75, his wishes for a simple funeral and cremation were not respected. He was buried in his farm on the island of Caprera alongside his last wife and some of his children.In 2012, <mask>'s descendants announced that, with permission from authorities, they would have <mask>'s remains exhumed to confirm through DNA analysis that the remains in the tomb are indeed <mask>'s. Some anticipated that there would be a debate about whether to preserve the remains or to grant his final wish for a simple cremation. In 2013, personnel changes at the Ministry of Culture sidelined the exhumation plans. The new authorities were "less than enthusiastic" about the plan. Legacy

<mask>'s popularity, skill at rousing the common people and his military exploits are all credited with making the unification of Italy possible. He also served as a global exemplar of mid-19th century revolutionary liberalism and nationalism. After the liberation of southern Italy from the Neapolitan monarchy in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, <mask> chose to sacrifice his liberal republican principles for the sake of unification.<mask>'s acclaim stretched across Europe with his name revered in Britain to America and France, the tale of an Italian vagabond trekking the South American plains from battle to battle with his pregnant wife in tow, and then returning home and for the love of his homeland forsaking his ambition of making Italy a republic. His exploits became legendary, and when he toured Britain in his older days he was received as a hero. <mask> subscribed to the anti-clericalism common among Latin liberals and did much to

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 circumscribe the temporal power of the Papacy. His personal religious convictions are unclear to historians. In 1882, he wrote that "Man created God, not God created Man", yet he is quoted as saying in his autobiography: "I am a Christian, and I speak to Christians – I am a true Christian, and I speak to true Christians. I love and venerate the religion of Christ, because Christ came into the world to deliver humanity from slavery. [...] You have the duty to educate the people—educate the people—educate them to be Christians—educate them to be Italians.[...] Viva l'Italia! Viva Christianity!" The Protestant minister Alessandro Gavazzi was his army chaplain. <mask> was a popular hero in Britain. In his review of Lucy Riall's Garibaldi biography for The New Yorker, Tim Parks cites the English historian A. J. P. Taylor as saying that "<mask> is the only wholly admirable figure in modern history." British historian Denis Mack Smith wrote:

About G. M. Trevelyan's work on <mask>, David Cannadine wrote:

Along with <mask> and other Europeans, Garibaldi supported the creation of a European federation. Many Europeans expected that the 1871 unification of Germany would make Germany a European and world leader that would champion humanitarian policies.This idea is apparent in the following letter <mask> sent to Karl Blind on 10 April 1865:

Through the years, <mask> was showered with admiration and praises by many intellectuals and political figures. Francesco De Sanctis stated that "<mask> must win by force: he is not a man; he is a symbol, a form; he is the Italian soul. Between the beats of his heart, everyone

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 hears the beats of his own". Admiral William Brown called him "the most generous of the pirates I have ever encountered". Argentine revolutionary Che Guevara stated: "The only hero the world has ever needed is called <mask>di." Commemoration

Five ships of the Italian Navy have been named after him, including a World War II cruiser and the former flagship, the aircraft carrier <mask>. Statues of his likeness, as well as the handshake of Teano, stand in many Italian squares, and in other countries around the world.On the top of the Janiculum hill in Rome, there is a statue of Garibaldi on horse-back. His face was originally turned in the direction of the Vatican, but after the Lateran Treaty in 1929 the orientation of the statue was changed at the Vatican's request. Many theatres in Sicily take their name from him and are named Garibaldi Theatre. Several worldwide military units are named after Garibaldi, including the Polish Garibaldi Legion during the January Uprising and the French foreign Garibaldi Legion during World War I. The 39th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment of the American Civil War was named Garibaldi Guard after him. Also, a bust of <mask> is prominently placed outside the entrance to the old Supreme Court Chamber in the U.S. Capitol Building in Washington, DC, a gift from members of the Italian Society of Washington. In 1865, English football team Nottingham Forest chose their home colours from the uniform worn by Garibaldi and his men in 1865.A school in Mansfield, Nottinghamshire was also named after him. The Giuseppe Garibaldi Trophy (; ) is a rugby union trophy awarded to the

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 winner of the annual Six Nations Championship match between France and Italy. The Garibaldi biscuit was named after him, as was a style of beard. Garibaldi is also a name of a cocktail made of orange juice and Campari. The Brazilian soccer club Associação Garibaldi de Esportes was named after him. Also, a species of bright red-orange fish in the damselfish family was named Garibaldi in the memory of the Garibaldi red shirts. Places named after Garibaldi
Several places worldwide are named after him, including:
 Garibaldi, Victoria, Australia
 Garibaldi, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
 Garibaldi Square, Sofia, Bulgaria
 Garibaldi, British Columbia, an abandoned settlement in British Columbia, Canada
 Mount Garibaldi, British Columbia, Canada
 Garibaldi Névé
 Garibaldi Lake
 Garibaldi Provincial Park
 Garibaldi Secondary School, British Columbia, Canada
 Garibaldi, a station on line 13 of the Paris Métro, France
 Garibaldi Station, Naples, Italy, Central Railway Station
 Plaza Garibaldi, downtown Mexico City, Mexico
 Garibaldi, Oregon, United States
 The Garibaldi School, Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom

 Cultural depictions
Garibaldi is a major character in two juvenile historical novels by Geoffrey Trease: Follow My Black Plume and A Thousand for Sicily.He also appears in the novels Heart by Edmondo De Amicis and Fire on the Mountain by Terry Bisson. In movies, <mask> is played by Osvaldo Valenti in the 1940 film Antonio Meucci, by Ugo Sasso in the 1950 film Cavalcade of Heroes, by Raf Vallone in the 1952 film Red Shirts, by Renzo Ricci in the 1961 film Garibaldi, and by Gabriel Braga Nunes in the 2013 film


texts:
 Anita e Garibaldi. He is also played by Thiago Lacerda in the 2003 Brazilian serial A Casa das Sete Mulheres and by Giorgio Pasotti in the 2012 miniseries Anita Garibaldi. On 18 February 1960, the American television series Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theatre aired the episode "Guns for Garibaldi" to commemorate the centennial of the unification of Italy. This was the only such program to emphasize the role of Italians in pre-Civil War America. The episode is set in Indian Creek, a western gold mining town. Giulio Mandati, played by Fernando Lamas, takes over his brother's gold claim.People in Indian Creek wanted to use the gold to finance a dam, but Mandati plans to lend support to General <mask> and Italian reunification. <mask> had asked for financing and volunteers from around the world as he launched his Redshirts in July 1860 to invade Sicily and conquer the Kingdom of Naples for annexation to what would finally become the newly born Kingdom of Italy with King Victor Emmanuel II. In the Capcom arcade game "Knights of the Round (video game)", the final boss character is named "<mask>". Family tree

 Publications

 Non-fiction

 My Life, translated by Stephen Parkin, foreword by Tim Parks. London: Hesperus Press Limited. 2004. Fiction

 See also
 Italian irredentism
 Italian unification
 <mask>ni

 References
 Footnotes

 Sources

 Bibliography

 Braun, Martin."'Great Expectations': Cavour and <mask>: 1859-1959.” History Today (Oct. 1959) 9#10 pp. 687–692, historiography
 Gay, H. Nelson, "Lincoln's Offer of a Command to Garibaldi: Light on a Disputed Point of History," The Century

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 Magazine LXXV (Nov. 1907): 66
 Hibbert, Christopher. <mask> and His Enemies: The Clash of Arms and Personalities in the Making of Italy (1965), a standard biography. pp. 332–416. Mack Smith, Denis, ed. <mask> (Great Lives Observed), Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc. (primary and secondary sources)
 Mack Smith, Denis."<mask>di: 1807-1882". History Today (March 1956) 5 #3 pp. 188–196. Mack Smith, Denis. Garibaldi: A Great Life in Brief (1956) online
 Marraro, Howard R. "Lincoln's Offer of a Command to Garibaldi: Further Light on a Disputed Point of History." Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 36 #3 (Sept. 1943): 237–270
 Parks, Tim. The Hero's Way: Walking With Garibaldi From Rome to Ravenna (W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2021), travelogue in which Parks and his partner retrace Garibaldi and the <mask>i's 1849 march
 Riall, Lucy.The Italian Risorgimento: State, Society, and National Unification (Routledge, 1994) online
 Riall, Lucy. <mask>: Invention of a Hero (Yale UP, 2007). Riall, Lucy. "Hero, saint or revolutionary? Nineteenth-century politics and the cult of <mask>." Modern Italy 3.02 (1998): 191–204. Riall, Lucy."Travel, migration, exile: <mask>'s global fame." Modern Italy 19.1 (2014): 41–52. Ridley, Jasper. <mask>'' (1974), a standard biography online

External links

1807 births
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19th-century Italian novelists
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Carbonari
Critics of the Catholic Church
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Italian Freemasons
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Italian male

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texts: <mask> ( ; 21 October 1909 – 1 June 1981) was an Indonesian politician and lawyer of the Indonesian National Party (PNI), who served as the seventh prime minister of Indonesia from his appointment in April 1952 until his resignation June 1953. Generally considered a member of the PNI's liberal wing, <mask>'s tenure as prime minister was "bolder and more ambitious than any other cabinet of the post-revolutionary period". Born to a muslim family in Purworejo, in what was then the Dutch East Indies, <mask> attained a law degree from the Rechts Hogeschool (what is today the University of Indonesia) in 1939. He then became involved in the struggle of independence, becoming a member of the Gerindo political party in 1937. Following the proclamation of independence and the subsequent national revolution which followed, <mask> served as Deputy Minister, and later Minister of Labor. After the end of the national revolution, <mask> remained active in politics. In April 1952, after the fall of Soekiman Wirjosandjojo's cabinet due to a foreign policy debacle, <mask> was chosen by President Sukarno to lead a new cabinet.For the new cabinet, <mask> opted to form "business cabinet", with unity and a common policy orientation even at the risk of uncertain party and parliamentary support. During his government, Indonesia oversaw important changes in the political balance. Including the split between the Masyumi Party and the Nahdlatul Ulama as well as the re-entry of the Communist Party in politics and the worsening relations between the government and the army, which culminated in a show of force by General Abdul Haris Nasution. In 1953, an incident occurred in Medan, when police attempted to evict illegal squatters,

masks: Wilopo Wilopo Wilopo Wilopo Wilopo Wilopo Wilopo


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 leading to a confrontation that left five people dead. In the aftermath, the cabinet decided to dissolve itself, and <mask> returned his mandate to Sukarno. After elections were held in 1955, he was appointed the speaker of the Constitutional Assembly. An office he held for three years, until Sukarno dissolved the body in 1959.In 1968, <mask> was appointed the Chairman of the Supreme Advisory Council. He also chaired a commission on corruption, where despite finding "corruption everywhere", no actions were taken by the government. He left politics in 1978, and he died in 1981. Early life and education

Early life
<mask> was born in Purworejo, on October 21, 1909. He was born to modest family in Central Java. His father was man named Soedjono Soerodirjo, but he was raised by his uncle, a man known as Mantri Guru Prawirodiharjo. He wouldn't know of his real father until he reached adulthood.When he was eight years old, he and his family had to moved to Loano which is five kilometers from Purworejo. They returned to Purworejo when he was in sixth grade. Education
Wilopo attended the Holland Inlandse School (HIS). He could have continued education at the Europese Hogere School (ELS), but he didn't  because he wanted to continue his education at the Opleiding School Voor Inlandsche Ambtenaren (OSVIA). After graduating from HIS, Wilopo continued his education to the Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs (MULO) in Magelang. After studying at MULO, <mask> continued his education at Algemene Middelbare School (AMS), in Yogyakarta. At AMS, Wilopo took part in exact sciences and physics.He received a scholarship to make ends meet during his life in Yogyakarta. During his saty in Yogyakarta, he enjoyed reading

masks: Wilopo Wilopo Wilopo Wilopo


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 newsletters of the De Locomotief, Darmo Kondo and Soeara Oemoem newspapers. Through this, he found the name of Sukarno (future President of Indonesia). <mask> also joined the Jong Java youth organization around this time. He continued his education at the Technischeh Hoge School (THS) in Bandung. There, <mask> lived in the Prawirosentiko family's house. After some illnesses, he moved to Sukabumi, living in his cousin's house.There, he became a teacher at the Taman Siswa. He moved to Jakarta and continued his studies at the Rechts Hoge School (RHS). During this time, he lived at the house of Abdul Rasyid, a friend of his from MULO. Political career

Minister of Labour
<mask>'s first government position was as the Junior Minister of Labour during the First and Second Amir Sjarifuddin Cabinets from 3 July 1947 to 29 January 1948. After a brief hiatus, he became the Minister of Labour during the Republic of the United States of Indonesia Cabinet from 20 December 1949 to 6 September 1950; he was later the Minister of Trade and Industry during the Sukiman Cabinet. Prime Minister of Indonesia
After completing his tenure as Minister of Trade and Industry, on 19 March 1952, <mask> was told to choose a cabinet to lead. Three days after giving his list to President Sukarno, on 1 April he and his cabinet took power; it was essentially a coalition of necessity between the Masyumi and National parties.During his time as prime minister he also spent 26 days as Foreign Minister, from 3 to 29 April, making him the shortest serving Indonesian foreign minister as of 2011. As prime minister, he was initially able to draw support from the army by unhesitatingly accepting Sultan of Yogyakarta Hamengkubuwono IX as defence


texts:
 minister. After fourteen months, the cabinet collapsed; the collapse was blamed on land issues. Post-prime ministership
From 1955 to 1959, <mask> served as the Speaker of the Constitutional Assembly of Indonesia. He later became head of the Commission of Four, a part of the Corruption Eradication Team, with his service beginning in June 1970. Despite finding "corruption everywhere", no actions were taken by the government. Death
<mask> died in Jakarta in 1981.Personal life
During his time in Jakarta, he met Sumikalimah, the younger sister of Abdul Rasyid's mother. Sumikalimah is a teacher at an elementary school. <mask> began a relationship with Sumikalimah until they got married in October 1917. Legacy

Historical assessment
Herbert Feith, an Australian scholar on Indonesian politics, notes that Wilopo was widely considered fair-minded and sympathetic to the plight of the working classes, working carefully towards his goals. As he did not prioritize party loyalty, he was known as being able to cooperate with anyone. References

Footnotes

Bibliography

People from Purworejo Regency
Javanese people
Prime Ministers of Indonesia
1908 births
1981 deaths
Indonesian National Party politicians
Members of the Constitutional Assembly of Indonesia
Foreign ministers of

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<mask> (Pierre Gothard Gonzague in contemporary French sources, Пьетро Гонзага in Russian sources, 25 March 1751 – ) was an Italian theatre set designer who worked in Italy and, since 1792, in the Russian Empire. A vedutist, master of chiaroscuro art and trompe-l'œil optical illusions, <mask> was primarily known for his fantastic yet deceptively realistic stage sets, and summarized the theory and purpose of his art as music for the eyes (): "a perspective that changes in relation to variations in musical expression." According to Ferrero, <mask> was the first to promote scenic design into an art "in its own right" and shake off the derided image of mere decoration devoid of art. With age he lost confidence in his profession and aspired, in vain, to become a practicing architect. Career in Italy

<mask> was born in Longarone, Italy. He trained in Venice from 1769 to 1772 under Giuseppe Moretti and Antonio Visentini. He was influenced by the art of Canaletto, Bibiena, Tiepolo but most of all Piranesi.In 1772 he joined the art firm of the Galliari family. In 1779 <mask> debuted as solo stage designer in Teatro alla Scala production of ballets by Giuseppe Canziani and Sebastiano Gallet, and stayed with this theatre until the 1792 season. Subsequently, he produced over sixty sets in Milan, Genoa, Rome and Venice. His curtain for the La Fenice theatre became a standard copied by numerous imitators. <mask>'s Italian works, along with Galliari family legacy, were published in Milan in three installments between 1803 and 1821. <mask>'s life changed after meeting prince Nikolay Yusupov, personal envoy of

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 Catherine II of Russia to Italian states, who was based in Turin during 1784–1789. Yusupov returned to Saint Petersburg in 1791 to accept the role of managing entertainment of the imperial court, which placed him at the helm of state theatre companies.It is not known reliably whether <mask> was invited to Russia by Yusupov or by Giacomo Quarenghi, but in 1792 Yusupov, representing the state, and Gonzaga signed a hire contract that made the latter chief decorator (stage designer) for all performances of the Saint Petersburg state theatre, with an unusually generous pay provision. Yusupov remained Gonzaga's patron until their deaths in 1831. <mask>'s line of scenic design at La Scala was continued by his trainee Paolo Landriani. Career in Russia

Gonzaga surprised Saint Petersburg audience by novel use of optical illusions and bold chiaroscuro that supported them (dim, diffused light of oil lamps of the period washed out subtle tones and called for radical, contrasting blacks and whites). According to Alexander Benois, "he painted right on the floor, not like in easel painting, but simply sketching with a thick brush, spreading paint with his foot, and this foot painting under artificial lighting completely enchanted [the witnesses]." Contrary to recommendation of Alexander Cozens, he sketched his drafts in lampblack, not black ink. Gonzaga dominated the art department of imperial theatres for over thirty years, surviving three monarchs: Catherine II, Paul I and Alexander I.He decorated coronations of Paul (1797), Alexander I (1801) and Nicholas I (1826) while his lifelong benefactor Yusupov

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texts: administered all three events. <mask> became a trusted consultant to heiress and later empress Maria Fyodorovna, Golitsyn and Yusupov families and diversified into decorating palace interiors and landscape design. Fyodor Glinka described <mask>'s three-dimensional trompe-l'œil folly in Pavlovsk Park (1815): "What is a reality and what is a dream? ... Convinced at the existence of what was before me, I kept going further and further forward. But suddenly something strange began to happen to my eyes: it was as if an invisible curtain of some sort was descending upon these objects and swallowing them from sight ... At length I began to quarrel with my own eyes and my head began to spin, and I hastened to be gone from this realms of charms and magic!" <mask> summarized his experience and theory of theatrical presentation and illusion in a series of books printed in Saint Petersburg in French language, notably the 1807 Information a mon chef and 1800 La musique des yeux et l'optique theatrale (English: Music for the Eyes).Gonzaga claimed that optical illusions are not abstract theories but correspond to "things that are easily perceived when one looks with a certain degree of attention", thus the stage set should be designed as a "perceived reality to be grasped with attention in all changing aspects". As he grew older, <mask> gradually became more and more dissatisfied with the work of producing ephemeral follies that rarely lasted longer than a single theatrical season. He suffered depression, feeling that his life was spent in vain, and begged his patrons to offer him a chance to prove himself in

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 architecture and leave a tangible trace of his talent. He applied to all available vacancies and architectural contests, and was always rejected. By 1827, when Emperor Nicholas awarded him an honorary title of court architect, Gonzaga was already too old for practical construction. Nestor Kukolnik suggested that earlier, in the 1810s, <mask> designed and built Yusupov's private theatre in Arkhangelskoye Estate, but his attribution was later discarded. He died in Saint Petersburg, Russia, in 1831.Works

Graphic works by <mask> are preserved in the Hermitage Museum, the National Gallery of Art and the Art Institute of Chicago

Arkhangelskoye Estate museum stocks the original stage curtain painted by <mask> and four complete original stage backdrops out of sixteen he produced for Yusupov's private theatre. The museum intends to make life-sized copies for public display, as the originals are too fragile. Elektronny Arhiv, a Russian company that digitized this artwork, claimed to have built the world's largest scanner specifically for this job

Designs based on drawings by <mask> and Angelo Toselli were used to decorate the concrete walls of the private Museum for Architectural Drawing in Berlin (architects Sergei Tchoban and Sergey Kuznetsov, 2013). References

Sources
 Ferrero, Mercedes Vialle (2002). Stage and set, in:

Further reading

1751 births
1831 deaths
People from the Province of Belluno
18th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
19th-century Italian painters
19th-century male artists
Italian neoclassical painters
Italian scenic designers
Russian scenic designers
Bolshoi Theatre,


texts:
<mask> (August 8, 1951February 17, 1994) was an American journalist and author. After studying journalism at the University of Oregon, he began working as a reporter for both The Advocate and the San Francisco Chronicle, as well as for San Francisco Bay Area television stations. In the early 1980s, he was noted for being the first openly-gay reporter for the San Francisco Chronicle. His first book The Mayor of Castro Street: The Life and Times of Harvey Milk was a biography of LGBT activist Harvey Milk. His 1987 book And the Band Played On chronicled the history of the AIDS epidemic. Despite some controversy surrounding the book in the LGBT community, <mask> was praised for his meticulous documentation of an epidemic that was little-understood at the time. It was later made into an HBO film of the same name in 1993.His final book, Conduct Unbecoming: Gays and Lesbians in the US Military from Vietnam to the Persian Gulf, which examined discrimination against lesbians and gays in the military, was published in 1993. <mask> garnered several accolades for his work. He was honored with the 1988 Outstanding Author award from the American Society of Journalists and Authors, the 1990 Mather Lectureship at Harvard University, and the 1993 Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Lesbian and Gay Journalists' Association. Diagnosed with HIV in March 1987, <mask> died of an AIDS-related illness in 1994, at the age of 42. He is the subject of a 2019 biography, The Journalist of Castro Street: The Life of <mask> by Andrew E. Stoner, released May 30, 2019 from the University of Illinois Press. Early life
Born August 8, 1951, in Davenport, Iowa, <mask> grew up in Aurora, Illinois, with five brothers in a conservative, working-class family. He majored in journalism at the University of Oregon, where he worked on the student newspaper, the Oregon Daily Emerald, as managing editor.While an undergraduate he came out publicly as gay, and ran for student office with the slogan "Come out for <mask>." Journalism
<mask> graduated near the top of his class in

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 1975, but as an openly gay man, he struggled to find full-time employment in what he characterized as the homophobic environment of newspapers and television stations at that time. <mask> wrote for gay news magazine The Advocate but quit in 1978 after publisher David Goodstein began requiring employees to participate in EST; <mask> later wrote an exposé of Goodstein's brand of EST, the Advocate Experience. <mask> also says The Advocate was a "publication that had all these dirty classified ads in it. That I couldn’t send the publication to my parents that I worked for because it was all filled up with 'Gay white man wants somebody to piss on,' you know?" After several years of freelance journalism and the period working for The Advocate, he was finally hired as a national correspondent by the San Francisco Chronicle in 1981, becoming "the first openly gay reporter with a gay 'beat' in the American mainstream press." AIDS, the disease that would later take his life, first came to nationwide attention that same year and soon <mask> devoted himself to covering the unfolding story of the disease and its medical, social, and political ramifications.During the early years of the AIDS crisis, he denounced San Francisco’s gay leaders as “inept” and “a bunch of jerks,” accusing them of hiding the emerging epidemic. In 1984, <mask> controversially supported closing the city’s gay bathhouses. Books
In addition to his extensive journalism, <mask> wrote three books. His first book, The Mayor of Castro Street: The Life and Times of Harvey Milk, is a biography of openly gay San Francisco politician Harvey Milk, who was assassinated by a political rival, Dan White, in 1978. The book broke new ground, being written at a time when "the very idea of a gay political biography was brand-new." <mask>'s second book, And the Band Played On: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic, published in 1987, won the Stonewall Book Award and would sell over 700,000 copies until 2004. And the Band Played On  is an extensively researched account of the early days of the AIDS

masks: Shilts Shilts Shilts Shilts Shilts Shilts Shilts


texts:
 epidemic in the United States.The book was translated into seven languages, and was later made into an HBO film of the same name in 1993, with many big-name actors in starring or supporting roles, including Matthew Modine, Richard Gere, Anjelica Huston, Phil Collins, Lily Tomlin, Ian McKellen, Steve Martin, and Alan Alda, among others. The film earned twenty nominations and nine awards, including the 1994 Emmy Award for Outstanding Made for Television Movie. His last book, Conduct Unbecoming: Gays and Lesbians in the US Military from Vietnam to the Persian Gulf, which examined discrimination against lesbians and gays in the military, was published in 1993. <mask> and his assistants conducted over a thousand interviews while researching the book, the last chapter of which <mask> dictated from his hospital bed. <mask> saw himself as a literary journalist in the tradition of Truman Capote and Norman Mailer. Undaunted by a lack of enthusiasm for his initial proposal for the Harvey Milk biography, <mask> reworked the concept, as he later said, after further reflection: I read Hawaii by James Michener. That gave me the concept for the book, the idea of taking people and using them as vehicles, symbols for different ideas.I would take the life-and-times approach and tell the whole story of the gay movement in this way, using Harvey as the major vehicle. Criticism and praise
Although <mask> was applauded for bringing public attention to gay civil rights issues and the AIDS crisis, he was also harshly criticized (and spat upon on Castro Street) by some in the gay community for calling for the closure of gay bathhouses in San Francisco to slow the spread of AIDS. Fellow Bay Area journalist Bob Ross called <mask> "a traitor to his own kind". In a note included in The Life and Times of Harvey Milk, <mask> expressed his view of a reporter's duty to rise above criticism: I can only answer that I tried to tell the truth and, if not be objective, at least be fair; history is not served when reporters prize trepidation and propriety over the robust


texts:
 journalistic duty to tell the whole story. <mask> was also criticized by some segments of the gay community on other issues, including his opposition to the controversial practice of outing prominent but closeted lesbians and gay men. Nevertheless, his tenacious reporting was highly praised by others in both the gay and straight communities who saw him as "the pre-eminent chronicler of gay life and spokesman on gay issues". <mask> was honored with the 1988 Outstanding Author award from the American Society of Journalists and Authors, the 1990 Mather Lectureship at Harvard University, and the 1993 Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Lesbian and Gay Journalists' Association.In 1999, the Department of Journalism at New York University ranked <mask>'s AIDS reporting for the Chronicle between 1981 and 1985 as number 44 on a list of the top 100 works of journalism in the United States in the 20th century. Illness and death
<mask> declined to be told the results of his HIV test until he had completed the writing of And the Band Played On, concerned that the test result, whatever it might be, would interfere with his objectivity as a writer. He was finally found to be HIV positive in March 1987. In 1992, <mask> became ill with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and suffered a collapsed lung; the following year, he was diagnosed with Kaposi's sarcoma. In a New York Times interview in the spring of 1993, <mask> observed, "HIV is certainly character-building. It's made me see all of the shallow things we cling to, like ego and vanity. Of course, I'd rather have a few more T-cells and a little less character."Despite being effectively homebound and on oxygen, he was able to attend the Los Angeles screening of the HBO film version of And the Band Played On in August 1993. <mask> died at 42 on February 17, 1994 at Davies Medical Center in San Francisco, California, being survived by his partner, Barry Barbieri, his mother, and his brothers. His brother Gary had conducted a commitment service for the couple the previous year. After a funeral service


texts:
 at Glide Memorial Church, <mask> was buried at Redwood Memorial Gardens in Guerneville alongside his long time friend, Daniel R. Yoder (1952-1995). <mask> bequeathed 170 cartons of papers, notes, and research files to the local history section of the San Francisco Public Library. At the time of his death, he was planning a fourth book, examining homosexuality in the Roman Catholic Church. As a fellow reporter put it, despite an early death, in his books <mask> "rewrote history.In doing so, he saved a segment of history from extinction." Historian Garry Wills wrote of And the Band Played On, "This book will be to gay liberation what Betty Friedan was to early feminism and Rachel Carson's Silent Spring was to environmentalism." NAMES Project founder Cleve Jones described <mask> as "a hero" and characterized his books as "without question the most important works of literature affecting gay people." After his death, a longtime friend and assistant explained the motivation that drove <mask>: "He chose to write about gay issues for the mainstream precisely because he wanted other people to know what it was like to be gay. If they didn't know, how were things going to change?" In 1998, <mask> was memorialized in the Hall of Achievement at the University of Oregon School of Journalism, honoring his refusal to be "boxed in by the limits that society offered him. As an out gay man, he carved a place in journalism that was not simply groundbreaking but internationally influential in changing the way the news media covered AIDS."A San Francisco Chronicle reporter summed up the achievement of his late "brash and gutsy" colleague:

Perhaps because <mask> remains controversial among some gays, there is no monument to him. Nor is there a street named for him, as there are for other San Francisco writers such as Jack Kerouac and Dashiell Hammett. ... <mask>' only monument is his work. He remains the most prescient chronicler of 20th century American gay history. In 2006, Reporter Zero, a half-hour biographical documentary about <mask> featuring interviews

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Legacy Shilts
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 with friends and colleagues, was produced and directed by filmmaker Carrie Lozano. <mask> is the subject of a 2019 biography, The Journalist of Castro Street: The Life of <mask> by Andrew E. Stoner, released May 30, 2019 from the University of Illinois Press. In 2014 <mask> was one of the inaugural honorees in the Rainbow Honor Walk, a walk of fame in San Francisco's Castro neighborhood noting LGBTQ people who have "made significant contributions in their fields."In June 2019, <mask> was one of the inaugural fifty American “pioneers, trailblazers, and heroes” inducted on the National LGBTQ Wall of Honor within the Stonewall National Monument in New York City’s Stonewall Inn. Bibliography
 Familiar Faces, Hidden Lives: The Story of Homosexual Men in America Today, by Howard J. Brown, M.D., Introduction by <mask>, 1976 ()
 The Mayor of Castro Street: The Life and Times of Harvey Milk, 1982 ()
 And the Band Played On: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic (1980–1985), 1987 ()
 Conduct Unbecoming: Gays and Lesbians in the U.S. Military, 1993 ()

Further reading

 Andrew E. Stoner: The Journalist of Castro Street. The Life of <mask>. University of Illinois Press, 2019,  (paperback),  (ebook)

References

External links

"Alband (Linda) Collection of <mask>lts Materials" at Calisphere
"AIDS at 25 – Reflections on reporter <mask>," podcast by the San Francisco Chronicle

<mask> on glbtq.com

1951 births
1994 deaths
AIDS-related deaths in California
American male journalists
American gay writers
Historians of LGBT topics
Lambda Literary Award winners
Stonewall Book Award winners
People from Aurora, Illinois
Writers from Davenport, Iowa
Writers from San Francisco
University of Oregon alumni
LGBT journalists from the United States
20th-century American biographers
Journalists from Illinois
LGBT people from Iowa
LGBT people from Illinois
20th-century American male writers
Historians from Illinois
People from Guerneville, California
20th-century American journalists
People with HIV/AIDS
American male biographers
San Francisco Chronicle

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<mask> (February 4, 1903 – June 26, 1975) was a Uruguayan architect. Biography
<mask> was born in 1903 in Salto, Uruguay, a small river city about 300 miles northwest of Montevideo on the border with Argentina. He left behind no autobiography or significant writings, so little is known of his early life. He spent his primary and secondary school years a few hundred miles upriver from Salto in Asunción, Paraguay. In 1920, he received certification in Paraguay as a surveyor—background that surely informed the deep integration of site, landscape and building that would inform his later architectural work. At the age of 20, <mask> returned to Uruguay, to its capital city of Montevideo, to pursue a degree in architecture. <mask> trained at Uruguay's University of the Republic in Montevideo between 1923 and 1930.The university's architecture school was then dominated by professor Joseph Paul Carré, a French architect who lived and taught in Uruguay from 1907 until his death in 1941. Carré had graduated in 1900 from the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, influenced by the eclectic neo-classicism of the Paris school but also the emerging rationalist rejection of historicism and excessive ornamentation. Carré was not captive to any specific doctrine, in fact worrying that the new ideas could represent a stifling “new form of academism as troubling as the one that preceded it.”  He believed that good architecture needed to combine functional imperatives with the emotion of art: “architecture, like the other arts, should adhere to the qualities of composition. Scale, contrasts, rhythm, proportion, the combinations of forms and volumes—all the qualities that define a work of art cannot be arbitrarily grouped; they must co-exist in intimate and harmonious relation. To do otherwise results in things of no artistic interest—rigid, cold, dead.” <mask> <mask> seems to have absorbed a similar point of view, and throughout his career his projects evinced a keen attention to not only exterior and

masks:
Román Fresnedo Siri
Román Fresnedo Siri
Fresnedo Siri
Fresnedo Siri
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Siri


texts: interior building design, but also to building systems, the site and landscape, furnishings and art. He was himself a multi-faceted artist, with avid interests ranging from painting, photography and music to boat and furniture design. Uruguay's architectural community closely followed emerging trends in Europe and the U.S.In his essay for the New York Museum of Modern Art (MOMA)’s catalogue for its 1955 exhibition “Latin American Architecture since 1945,” Henry-Russell Hitchcock described Montevideo's national university architecture faculty as “the most advanced in Latin America.”  Amid these flourishing intellectual currents, <mask> <mask> would surely have been impacted by the 1929 visit to Montevideo of famed modernist architect Le Corbusier. Modernist architectural ideas were fast moving from theory to implementation in the region, as Latin American governments backed ambitious expressions of the new ideas earlier than did their counterparts in Europe and elsewhere. An iconic early example of the movement was Brazil's Ministry of Education and Health building (1937), designed by Lucio Costa and Oscar Niemayer with Le Corbusier as consultant. A decade later, Niemayer and Julio Vilamajo of Uruguay (who had joined the architecture faculty in Montevideo during <mask> <mask>'s final year of study) would be the sole Latin American representatives on the design team for the United Nations headquarters building in New York. Another decade beyond that, Costa and Niemayer's design for Brazil's new capital city of Brasilia, now a UNESCO world heritage site often cited as an exemplar of modernist architecture, would be inaugurated just months before PAHO launched its design competition in Washington. In 1938, together with fellow Uruguayan architect Mario Muccinelli, <mask> gained his first major commission by winning the competition to build a new complex for his alma mater's School of Architecture in Montevideo. The ambitious project spread over several city blocks and today stands

masks: Fresnedo Siri Fresnedo Siri Fresnedo


texts: alongside the early work of Costa and Niemayer as one of the important early examples of Latin American modernist architecture.The Government of Uruguay declared it a national historical monument in 2000. The graceful curve of its main faculty building would be echoed later in <mask> <mask>'s design for PAHO. During his period of study in the 1920s, <mask> <mask> was an enthusiast of Frank Lloyd Wright's work, embracing the ideas of “organic architecture”: the harmonious integration of the built environment with its natural setting so that a building's design and placement, its furnishings and landscaping together comprised a unified whole. In 1940, New York's Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) sponsored a contest challenging designers from the United States and Latin America to submit furniture, lamps, and textiles of “Organic Design,” which curator Elliot Noyes described as a “harmonious organization of the parts within the whole, according to structure, material, and purpose... with no vain ornamentation or superfluity, but the part of beauty is none the less great in ideal choice of material, in visual refinement, and in the rational elegance of things intended for use.”  <mask> <mask> was one of the five Latin American winners for his design of chairs using Uruguayan leather and skins on a steel frame. <mask> <mask> and the other winning designers had their work exhibited in the 1941 MOMA exhibition, Organic Design in Home Furnishings, and several were also awarded contracts for manufacture and distribution with major department stores. It was this landmark exhibition that introduced the world to Eero Saarinen and Charles Eames, who worked together as a team and won in both the chair design (the now-iconic Organic Chair) and living room categories. Thanks to the MOMA's $1,000 prize and an invitation to its award event in New York, Fresnedo Siri was able to make his first trip to the U.S. in 1941.He was at the time serving as chief architect of Uruguay's national power and telephone

masks: Fresnedo Siri Fresnedo Siri Fresnedo Siri Fresnedo Siri


texts: utility company (UTE), which was developing plans to build a new company headquarters complex. He spent the next five months touring the United States to study examples of modern office buildings. In addition to New York City, his stops included Boston, Chicago, San Francisco, and Washington, as well as the Cranbrook Academy in Michigan—the first building designed in the U.S. by fellow modernist Eliel Saarinen. Returning to Uruguay, <mask> <mask> worked on the UTE project between 1942 and 1948. It entailed the development of what was essentially an entirely new “company town” in Montevideo's Arroyo Seco district, with worker housing and schools, retail spaces, company workshops, service centers and warehouses, a thermo-electric plant, and a company headquarters building. For the latter, he was inspired by the example of the Rockefeller Center complex in New York. The centerpiece of his own design was known as the Palacio de la Luz (Palace of Light, a play on words denoting not only the light-filled building but also the power company itself - “luz” is the word commonly used by Uruguayans to refer to electricity in general).The 11-story Palacio de la Luz fills a full city block with its rectangular form of perfect symmetry, marked by soaring white vertical columnar ribs evenly separating dark vertical columns of glass – a design that Fresnedo would repeat in the main PAHO building. The Palacio de la Luz was an early example in Uruguay of a large, centrally air conditioned building with hermetically sealed windows. <mask> Siri located the mechanical systems in a central core to maximize natural light in all of the building's functional space, and engaged leading Uruguayan artists to contribute monumental mural and sculpture elements to the building. The building was awarded a Gold Medal in 1948 at the VI Pan American Congress of Architecture in Lima, Peru. Another signature Fresnedo Siri building from the same period, Montevideo's Sanatorio Americano (American Hospital) of 1946

masks: Fresnedo Siri Fresnedo


texts: represented a new approach to hospital design, inverting the traditional model through which the patients were isolated inside within buildings that formed a barrier between the healthy outside and the sick inside. <mask> Siri wanted patients to be in visual contact with green spaces, and to feel integrated into the city around them. As with the earlier Architecture School main faculty building and the later PAHO design, his use of a long curve in the Sanatorio Americano building exemplified his consistent interest in blending expressionist elements into his architecture, just as his attention to the integration of landscape and building in the project reflected his enduring commitment to principles of organic architecture.The success of the Sanatorio Americano project won him recognition as a regional leader of hospital design. He would devote much of the 1950s to work in this area, including several large hospital facilities in Uruguay, another in São Paulo, Brazil and the National Hospital of Asuncion, Paraguay. Sporting clubs and arenas formed another side specialty for the versatile architect, with projects dating back to 1930. Horseracing was then among the most popular sports in the region, with thousands crowding the tribunes from all social classes. The arenas were also important centers for elites, offering a weekend fresh-air outing with private club dining and social areas, and usually linked to an exclusive downtown “Jockey Club” location. In 1951, <mask> <mask> won an international competition to design a horse racing complex in Porto Alegre, a major city of southern Brazil. The resulting Hipodromo do Cristal's flamboyant modern design and engineering innovations make it one of his most notable achievements.Brazilians today regard it as a landmark example of South American modernist architecture; the municipal government of Porto Alegre listed it as protected cultural historical patrimony in 2003. Following the success of the PAHO building in Washington, the

masks: Fresnedo Fresnedo Siri


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 organization again commissioned him in 1971 to design its regional headquarters in Brazil. PAHO requested a similar design, seeking a sort of organizational “branding” through architecture. The resulting Brasilia complex is similarly anchored by a curved main office building with an attached cylindrical annex containing the main meeting hall. He supervised an additional PAHO project in Lima Peru in 1973, the PAHO Center for Sanitary Engineering and Environmental Sciences. <mask> <mask> died in 1975. Selected works
Siri won acclaim for designing major civic buildings throughout South America, including offices and hospitals.He also had a passion for the ocean, and even used his talents to design racing yachts. PAHO Headquarters Project
An international competition to choose the most original design had been won in 1961 by <mask>. Just over two years after work began, the completed secretariat was ready to house hundreds of staff members in approximately  of space, furnished with marble, paintings, sculptures, and other gifts from PAHO member nations. The council chamber alone could accommodate 400 delegates within its circular walls. The new PAHO headquarters was officially opened on September 27, 1965. Other works
In his prolific and significant architectural production worth mentioning:
 Tribune Folle Ylla(1938) and Local Tribune(1945) in Hipodromo Nacional de Maroñas;
 Building of the Faculty of Architecture, Montevideo, opened in 1947 (in collaboration with his colleague Mario Muccinelli);
 Palace of Light, the headquarters of UTE in the neighborhood Arroyo Seco, Montevideo;
 Luis Batlle Berres monument, Montevideo, opened in 1967;
 American Hospital in the area of Parque Batlle, Montevideo;
 Hipodromo do Cristal, in Porto Alegre, Brazil;
 Headquarters of the Pan American Health Organization in Washington, D.C., United States, opened in 1965. References

External links

1903 births
1976 deaths
People from Salto Department
University of the Republic (Uruguay)

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texts:
<mask> () (June 7, 1894 – August 24, 1974) was a Russian-American aviation pioneer, inventor, and influential advocate of strategic air power. Early life
Of noble Russian parentage, <mask> was born in Tiflis, Russian Empire (now Tbilisi, Georgia). He entered a military school at age 10. <mask>'s father was one of the first Russian aviators to own an aircraft (a modified Blériot XI built by Mikheil Grigorashvili) and by the age of 14, when <mask> entered the Imperial Russian Naval Academy, his father had already taught him how to fly. Graduating in 1914 with an engineering degree, Lieutenant <mask> was serving at sea with a destroyer flotilla when World War I began. World War I
<mask> was selected for duty as a naval aviator, transferring to the Military School of Aeronautics at Sebastopol, Crimea. After completing a postgraduate program on aeronautics in 1914–15, he was reassigned as a pilot in the summer of 1915 to an aviation unit in the Baltic Fleet.While stationed in the Gulf of Riga, on his first mission, he attacked a German destroyer but was shot down by enemy anti-aircraft fire before he could drop his bombs. The bombs exploded in the crash, killing his observer and badly wounding <mask>. Doctors amputated his leg below the knee and although he was fitted with an artificial leg, despite his protests, authorities deemed him unfit to return to combat. To prove to his superiors that he could still fly, <mask> appeared unannounced at an air show. Following his impromptu spirited aerial performance, authorities arrested him. Tsar Nicholas II intervened on his behalf and in July 1916, <mask> returned to combat duty, downing his first enemy aircraft three days later. In February 1917, he assumed command of the 2nd Naval Fighter Detachment, until he was seriously injured in an accident where a horse-drawn wagon broke his good

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texts:
 leg.After serving in Moscow, as the Chief of Pursuit Aviation, <mask> returned to combat duty. On October 14, 1916, he was forced down in enemy territory but made it back to the safety of his own lines. He went on to fly 57 combat missions, shooting down six German aircraft (his claims for 13 victories would make him Russia's third-ranking World War I ace, although the claims are disputed). Lieutenant <mask> was the leading Russian naval ace in the conflict. For his wartime service, <mask> was awarded the Order of St. George (4th class); Order of St. Vladimir (4th class); Order of St. Stanislaus (2nd & 3rd class); Order of St. Anne (2nd; 3rd; and 4th class). Emigration to United States
During the 1917 Revolution, <mask> was stationed in St. Petersburg and remained in uniform at the request of the commander-in-chief of the Baltic Fleet. In March 1918, he was selected as an assistant naval attaché in the Russian Naval Aviation Mission to the United States.<mask> departed via Siberia and while in the U.S., decided to remain there rather than return to a Russia torn apart by the Revolution. Settling in Manhattan, he briefly operated a restaurant. Aviation career
In 1918, <mask> offered his services to the War Department as a pilot. General William Kenly, Chief of the Signal Corps, appointed him as a consulting engineer and test pilot assigned to the Buffalo District of aircraft production. After the Armistice, <mask> became an assistant to air power advocate General Billy Mitchell, aiding him in his push to prove air power's ability to sink battleships. <mask> applied for and received the first patent for air-to-air refueling in 1921. Over the next few years, 364 patent claims were made, among them the first gyroscopically stabilized bombsight, which <mask> developed with Sperry Gyroscope Company in 1923.After joining the Army Air

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 Corps Reserve, <mask> was commissioned a major in 1928. Seversky Aircraft Corporation
Using the $50,000 from the sale of his bombsight to the U. S. Government, Seversky founded the Seversky Aero Corporation in 1923. Concentrating on making aircraft parts and instruments, the small company was unable to survive the stock market crash of 1929. On February 16, 1931, with the backing of Wall Street millionaire Edward Moore and other investors, he resurrected the enterprise as the new Seversky Aircraft Corporation in Long Island, New York. Moving into the former EDO Aircraft Corporation's float plane factory at College Point, Long Island, Seversky's patents were the primary assets of the new company. Resolved to invest in research and design rather than relying on licence-manufacturing, many of Seversky Aircraft's designers were Russian and Georgian engineers, including Chief Engineer Michael Gregor and <mask>i. Along with Seversky, the designers embarked on an advanced all-metal, multi-place monoplane amphibian, the SEV-3.This ground-breaking design would go on to set numerous speed records at the 1933–1939 National Air Races, often piloted by <mask> himself, who was the company's greatest "pitchman". On September 15, 1935, flying at a speed just over 230 mph, <mask> set a world speed record for piston-engine amphibious aircraft. <mask> also set a transcontinental speed record in 1938. The SEV-3 was eventually the progenitor of a family of advanced aircraft including the SEV-3XLR and 2-XP (two-place, experimental) fighter, the BT-8 trainer and SEV-1P (single-seat) fighter. The most radical conversion occurred when the fixed-gear SEV-1P was fitted with a rearward retracting main undercarriage to produce the prototype of the successful P-35A fighter series. The Seversky Aircraft design office led by Seversky was responsible for 25

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texts: different innovative projects, many of them "still-born" including the "Seversky Super-Clipper", an eight-engine, 250 ft span transoceanic transport and the four-place, tricycle gear "Seversky Executive" high speed personal aircraft. The Sev-S2, virtually identical to the P-35, which was undergoing trials in 1937, dominated the last three Bendix Trophy air races, beginning in 1937 when Frank Fuller won at an average speed of 415.51 km/h.The Seversky Aircraft Company began operating out of new facilities in Long Island in 1936, purchasing three factories, a flying field and hangar along with a seaplane assembly base at Famingdale and Amityville, Long Island. Despite landing several government contracts, Seversky Aircraft was never able to turn a profit under Seversky's management and by September 1938, the company had to be bailed out again by <mask> (Edward's brother and heir). His financing of a rescue came with the proviso that <mask>, as President, would have his personal budget cut, while the board of directors transferred more power to managing director Wallace Kellett. A controversial contract Seversky negotiated in secret with the Japanese for 20 SEV-2PA-B3 fighters created antagonism with the War Department, leading inevitably to the U.S. government putting pressure on the USAAC to limit the P-35 order to the initial batch of 76 aircraft. When <mask> left for Europe on a sales tour in the winter of 1938–39, the Board reorganized the operation on October 13, 1939, renamed as Republic Aviation Corporation with Kellett becoming the new president. <mask> sued for redress but while legal actions dragged on, the board of directors voted him out of the company he had created. Republic Aviation would become an industrial behemoth during World War II designing and producing the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt and in postwar years, a

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 continuing line of successful fighter aircraft before being acquired by Fairchild in 1965.Air power advocate
As World War II approached, <mask> became engrossed in formulating his theories of air warfare. Shortly after the Attack on Pearl Harbor, he wrote Victory Through Air Power, published in April 1942, advocating the strategic use of air bombardment. The best-selling book (No. 1 on the New York Times bestseller list, appearing first in mid-August 1942 and remaining in first place for four weeks) with five million copies sold. The book's popularity and hard-hitting message led to Walt Disney adapting the book into an animated motion picture (1943) of the same name where <mask> (who also served as the film's technical consultant) provided live-action commentary. The Disney animated film received a lukewarm reception at the box office and from critics who felt it was an unusual departure from the standard Disney studio fare, sending out a powerful propaganda message based on an abstract political argument. The influence of both the book and film in wartime, however, was significant, stimulating popular awareness and driving the national debate on strategic air power.<mask> was one of a number of strategic air advocates whose vision was realized in the 1946 creation of the Strategic Air Command and the development of aircraft such as the Convair B-36 and Boeing B-47 Stratojet. <mask> continued to publicize his ideas for innovative aircraft and weaponry, notably the 1964 Ionocraft which was to be a single-man aircraft powered by the ionic wind from a high-voltage discharge. A laboratory demonstration was acknowledged to require 90 watts to lift a two-ounce (60 g) model, and no man-carrying version was ever built. In postwar years, <mask> continued to lecture and write about aviation and the strategic use of air power, following up

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 his landmark treatise with Air Power: Key to Survival (1950) and  America: Too Young to Die! (1961). Personal life
Seversky married New Orleans socialite Evelyn Olliphant (1907–1967) in 1923. She was also well known as a pilot.The two settled in New York City (at 40 Central Park South). In 1927, <mask> became a naturalized citizen of the United States. In 1967, Mrs. <mask> died at her country home at Asharoken Beach, Northport, L.I. at the age of 60. Often described as "flamboyant" and a "showman," <mask> was always good at capturing the public eye, and was considered a newsworthy celebrity. In 1942 The New York Times even published one of his residences, reporting that "Airplane Designer Rents Apartment: <mask> One Of Seven New Tenants in 40 Central Park South." <mask> was a founder and trustee of the New York Institute of Technology, which in 1972 acquired an elegant mansion originally built by Alfred I. du Pont.It was renamed "The DeSeversky Center" in his honor, and is a popular venue for weddings. <mask> died in 1974 at New York's Memorial Hospital, and was buried in the Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx. Honors
He received the Harmon Trophy in 1939 for advances in aviation. For his work on air power, <mask> received the Medal for Merit in 1945 from President Harry Truman and the Exceptional Service Medal in 1969 in recognition of his service as a special consultant to the Chiefs of Staff of the USAF. In 1970, <mask> was enshrined in the National Aviation Hall of Fame. In 1972, he received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement. Books

 <mask>, <mask>. (1942) Victory Through Air Power, Simon & Schuster,
 <mask>ky, <mask>. (1950) Air Power: Key to Survival, Simon & Schuster
 <mask>, <mask>. (1961) America: Too Young to Die!, McGraw-Hill

Seversky aircraft
Before the genesis of the Republic Aircraft

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 Corporation, the Seversky Aircraft Corporation produced the following aircraft, which were all variations on the same theme:
 Seversky AT-12
 Seversky BT-8
 Seversky FN
 Seversky P-35
 Seversky XP-41
 Seversky 2PA
 Seversky A8V
 Seversky SEV-1XP
 Seversky SEV-3
 Seversky EP-106 (Export Pursuit)
 Seversky Navy Type S Two-Seat Fighter

See also

 Seversky P-35
 Republic Aviation
 Ionocraft

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Boyne, Walter."Sever the Sky." Air Classics, Volume 4, no. 3, February 1968. <mask>, <mask>. Air Power: Key to Survival. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1950. <mask>, <mask>. America: Too Young to Die! New York: McGraw-Hill, 1961.<mask>, <mask>. Victory Through Air Power. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1942. Franks, Norman, Russell Guest and Gregory Alegi. Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918: Volume 4 of Fighting Airmen of WWI Series: Volume 4 of Air Aces of WWI. London: Grub Street, 1997. .
 Hucker, Robert. "Seversky: Innovator and Prophet." Air Classics, 20th Anniversary Special Edition 1964–1984, 1984.Watts, Steven. The Magic Kingdom: Walt Disney and the American way of Life. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 2001. . External links

<mask> <mask> interviewed by Mike Wallace on The Mike Wallace Interview December 28, 1957

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<mask><mask> (born 11 September 1954) is a Belgian malacologist, shell dealer and author of more than 20 books and publications about shells, mainly about the families Volutidae and Trochidae. Biography
The son of an enthusiastic sports fisherman, <mask> became fascinated at a young age by marine life during yearly holidays in Brittany, France. His first diving experiences were in these cold waters in 1968. He developed a career as a professional freelance conchologist. This allowed him to dive in many parts of the world, in European waters and in many tropical seas from Baja California to Queensland, Australia. In 2003 he moved from Belgium to the Philippines. Most of his dives are now concentrated in the Philippines.After more than 6,000 dives, he has compiled an extensive collection of photographs of seashells and marine life. His interest in conchology gradually brought him fame in this field, mainly through publishing books on the subject. He was the vice-president of the Société Belge de Malacologie (Belgian Malacological Society) for eight years. Scientific work
He discovered more than 1000 new species of Mollusca and described more than 230 of these, mainly in the families

masks:
Guido T
. Poppe
Guido


texts:
 Volutidae and Trochidae and on the Philippine malacofauna. The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) has already listed 311 marine species named by <mask> (alone or together with others such as SheilaTagaro, Henk Dekker, Yoshihiro Goto or Salisbury) in its database. More than 40 species have been named after him by scientists from all over the world either with the epithet poppei, guidopoppei or guidoi. In July 2004 <mask> created together with his son <mask> (1977–) the journal, Visaya, specialising in the taxonomy of Mollusca.He named the calliostoma topsnail Calliostoma philippeiPoppe, 2004, another sea snail Calliotropis philippei <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 and  Bayerotrochus philpoppei Anseeuw, Poppe & Goto, 2006 after his son. <mask> named the topsnail Calliostoma mariae after his mother Maria Peyskens. Bibliography
 1979 <mask>, G.T. Notes on Ampulla Priamus
 1982 <mask>, G.T. Notes on Cymbiola marispuma Angioy and Biraghi, 1997, Festilyria festiva (Lamarck, 1811), Lyria vicdani Kosuge, 1981. 1982 <mask>, G.T., Separating Voluta Sophia and Voluta cymbiola. 1984 <mask>, G.T., Two new Australian Volutes.1985 <mask>, G.T. Updates on the genus Cymbiolacca (Gastropoda,

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 Volutidae), with the description of two new taxa
 1986 Poppe, G.T. A novel species and a novel subspecies of Volutidae from northwestern Australia
 1987 <mask>, G.T. - New Volutes since 1970 part I. 1987 <mask>, G.T. - New Volutes since 1970 part II. 1987 <mask>, G.T.- A novel species of Volutidae from north-western Australia. 1988 <mask>, G.T. - New Volutes since 1970. 1988 Bouchet Ph. & Poppe, G.T. -  Deep water volutes from the new Caledonian region with a discussion on Biogeography. 1989 Martin, P. & <mask>, G.T.- Notes on the Mollusca of Easter Island: Cypraea. 1989 Martin, P. & <mask>, G.T. - Description of a new species of Cypraeidae from the Marquesas Islands. 1989 <mask>, G.T. & Martin, P. - New Findings of Cypraea teramachii Kuroda, 1938. 1991 <mask>, G.T. & Martin, P. - A new Trivia species from South Africa.1991 Poppe & Goto: European Seashells Vol. I
 1992 Poppe, G.T. - New species and new subspecies in Volutidae. 1992 Poppe & Goto: Volutes
 1993 Poppe & Goto: European Seashells Vol. II
 1993 Poppe & Goto: Recent Angariidae
 1993 Poppe, G.T. - A new Cowrie. 1994 Poppe & Senders: An annotated price catalogue of marine shells
 1995 Bouchet Ph.& <mask>, G.T. – A review of

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 the deep-water volute genus Calliotectum (Gastropoda: Volutidae). 1996 Poppe & Goto: A listing of Living Mollusca. Vol. I and Vol. II 2 parts each
 2004 <mask>, G.T. & Tenorio, M.J.Description of three deep-water species of Conus from the Central Philippines. 2004 Poppe, G.T. - Description of Spectacular new species from the Philippines. 2004 Tenorio M.J. & Poppe G.T. – Description of three deep-water species of Conus from the central Philippines. 2004 Poppe G.T. & Fraussen K. – A new species of Nassaria from the central Philippines.2004 <mask>, G.T. - Conchological Treasure from the Philippines Part I. 2005 <mask>, G.T., Tagaro S., Dekker H. - Discovery of new Guildfordia near Balut Island. 2005 <mask>, G.T., Tagaro S. & Buijse J. - A new subspecies of Cypraea hungerfordi from Aliguay Island, the Philippines. 2005 <mask>, G.T. & Tagaro S. - A new Conus from Aliguay Island, the Philippines.2005 <mask>, G.T. -  Conchological Treasures from the Philippines Part II. 2005 <mask>, G.T. & Fraussen K. - Revision of Phos and Antillophos (Buccinidae) from the Central Philippines. 2005 <mask>, G.T. & Patamakanthin S. - On the Discovery of New Population of Turbinella fusus Sowerby, 1825, a

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 valid species. 2005 <mask>, G.T.& Tagaro S. - Enigmavasum enigmaticum, a new species from Cotabato, the Philippines. 2005 <mask>, G.T. & Tagaro, S. - A new Cymbiola (Volutidae, Gastropoda) from the Arafura Sea. 2005 Anseeuw & Poppe: Pleurotomariidae: An Iconographic visit anno 2005 as a supplement of Visaya
 2006 Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker: The Seguenziidae, Chilodontidae, Trochidae, Calliostomatidae and Solariellidae of the Philippine Islands as supplement of Visaya
 2006 <mask>, G.T. & Tagaro, S. – A New Classification of Gastropods according to Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005
 2006 <mask>, G.T. & Tagaro, S. – Notes on two Amphidromus from the Philippine Islands. 2006 <mask>, G.T.& Tagaro, S. – Possible Sexual dimorphism in Ovulidae: Primovula concinna (A. Adams & Reeve, 1848). 2006 Anseeuw P., <mask> G.T. & Goto Y. – Description of Bayerotrochus philpoppei sp. nov. from the Philippines. 2006 Poppe G.T., Tagaro S.P. & Brown L. – A New Large Cirsotrema From Australia.2006 Poppe G.T. & Tagaro S.P. – A New Fusinus From The Philippines. 2006 Poppe G.T. & Tagaro S.P. – New Mitridae and Costellariidae from the Philippines and the East China Sea. 2006 Poppe G.T., de Suduiraut E.G.& Tagaro S.P. –

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 New Costellariidae from the Philippines. 2007 Fraussen K. & Poppe G.T. – The Genus Nassaria (Buccinidae) in the Central Philippines. 2007 Tenorio M.J., Poppe G.T. & Tagaro S.P., – New Indo-Pacific Conidae with Taxonomic and Nomenclatural Notes on Conus recluzianus. 2008 <mask>, G. T., Tagaro, S. P. & Fraussen K. – A New Nassaria from the Philippines.2008 <mask>, G. T., – New Fissurellidae, Epitoniidae, Aclididae, Mitridae and Costellariidae from the Philippines. 2008 Poppe, with the collaboration of 23 authors "in Poppe": Philippines Marine Mollusks Vol. I
 2008 Poppe, with the collaboration of 17 authors "in Poppe": Philippines Marine Mollusks Vol. II
 2009 <mask>, G. T  –  New Taxonomic Methods in Conchology. 2009 <mask>, G. T, Tagaro, S.P. & Vilvens, C. – A New Clanculus (Trochidae) from the Philippines. With additional notes and new records of Trochidae-species in the Archipelago.2009 <mask>, G. T & Tagaro, S.P. – A Spectacular New Conus (Conidae) from the Philippines. 2009 <mask>, G. T, Tagaro, S.P. & Terryn, Y. – New Terebridae from the Philippines. 2009 <mask>, G. T. & Groh, K. – A New Species of Trimusculus (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Trimusculidae) from the Central

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 Philippines. 2009 <mask>, G. T, Tagaro, S.P.& Salisbury, R. – New Species of Mitridae and Costellariidae from the Philippines. With additional information on the Philippine Species in these families. 2009 Poppe G. T. – Conidae in the Philippine Marine Mollusks Volume II. 2009 Seronay, R. A. et al. - Accessing novel conoidean venoms: Biodiverse lumun-lumun marine communities, an untapped biological and toxinological resource. 2010 <mask>, G. T  –  In Memoriam of Emmanuel Guillot de Suduiraut. 2010 <mask>, G. T. & Tagaro, S.P.– New Species of Haloceratidae, Columbellidae, Buccinidae, Mitridae, Costellariidae, Amathinidae and Spondylidae from the Philippines. 2010 Poppe, with the collaboration of 9 authors "in Poppe": Philippines Marine Mollusks vol. III
 2011 <mask>, G. T. (Translation P. Bail) – Emmanuel Guillot de Suduiraut. (1938-2010). 2011 Philippine Marine Mollusks – Volume IV – <mask>. <mask> with the collaboration of 13 authors "in Poppe". 676 pp. pls.1015–1315. 2011 <mask>, G. T. & Tagaro, S.P. – The Egg Case of Melo broderipii. 2011 <mask>, G. T., Tagaro, S.P.& Chino, M. – Two new Rictaxiella (Gastropoda: Bullinidae) from the Philippines. 2011 <mask>, G. T. & Tagaro, S.P. –

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 A new subspecies of Conus nobilis Linnaeus, 1758 from Solor Island, Indonesia. 2011 <mask>, G. T  –  A Listing of Philippine Marine Molluks V06-1.2011 <mask>, G. T., Tagaro, S. P. & Bail, P. - Notes on the genus Cymbiola in the Philippines, with the redefinition of Cymbiola cathcartiae Reeve, 1856 and the description of Cymbiola laminusa n. sp. - Visaya vol. 3(4)
 2011 <mask>, G. T., Tagaro, S. P. & Sarino, J. C. - Two New Species of Fissurellidae from Namibia. - Visaya vol. 3(4)
 2012 <mask>, G. T  –  A Listing of Philippine Marine Molluks V07-2. 2012 <mask>, G. T., Tagaro, S. P. & Sarino, J. C. - A new Ceratoxancus (Gastropoda: PTYCHATRACTIDAE), from the Philippines. - Visaya vol.3(5)
 2012 <mask>, G. T., Monnier, E., Tagaro, S. P. - New Conidae from the Central Philippines. - Visaya vol. 3(5)
 2012 <mask>, G. T., Tagaro, S. P., Crookshanks, D., Groh, K. & Sarino J. - A Statement on the Land Snails of Cebu. - Visaya vol. 3(6)
 2013 <mask>, G., Tagaro, S. & Groh, K. - A New Species of Contradusta (GASTROPODA: CYPRAEIDAE) from the Philippines. - Visaya vol.4(1)
 2014 Stahlschmidt, P., <mask>, G. T. & Chino, M. - Description of Seven New Daphnella species from the Philippines. -


texts:
 Visaya vol. 4(2)
 2014 Dekkers, A., Herrmann, M., <mask>, G. T. & Tagaro, S. P. - Three New Species of Subcancilla from the Pacific Ocean. (Gastropoda: MITRIDAE). - Visaya vol. 4(2)
 2014 <mask>, G. T., <mask>, P., Tagaro, S.P - 1000 Shells - Exceptionals from the Philippines. 2014 <mask>, G. T. - The Illustrated Catalog of the Living Cone Shells - A Review.- The Cone Collector
 2014 <mask>, G. T. - A Selected bibliography for Conus Lovers. - The Cone Collector
 2014 <mask>, G. T., Tagaro, S.P., Vilvens, C. - Three New Calliostoma from the Philippines. Visaya 4(2): 49–56. 2015 <mask>, G. T., Tagaro, S.P., Sarino, J.C. - A new Bradybaenidae and two new Diplommatinidae from the Philippines. Visaya 4(3): 14. 2015 <mask>, G. T., Tagaro, S.P., Stahlschmidt, P. - New Shelled Molluscan Species from the Central Philippines I. Visaya 4(3): 15–59. 2015 <mask>, G. T., Tagaro, S.P.- A spectacular new Conus (CONIDAE) from the Philippines. Visaya 4(4): 71–75. 2015 <mask>, G. T., Salisbury, R., Tagaro, S.P. - Two new MITRIDAE from the Central Pacific. Visaya 4(4): 77–84. 2016 <mask>, G. T., Tagaro, S.P. - New Marine Mollusks from the Central Philippines in the Families ACLIDIDAE, CHILODONTIDAE,

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 CUSPIDARIIDAE, NUCULANIDAE, NYSTIELLIDAE, SERAPHSIDAE and VANIKORIDAE.Visaya 4(5): 83–103. 2016 <mask>, G. T. - Collecting Shells - In Times of Internet. 409pg
 2017 <mask>, G. T., Tagaro, S.P. - New Conidae from the Central Philippines. Visaya 4(6): 5–18. 2017 <mask>, G. T. - Philippines Marine Mollusks Vol. V.
 2018 Stahlschmidt, P., <mask>, G. T. & Tagaro, S. - Descriptions of remarkable new Turrid species form the Philippines.Visaya 5(1): 5-64
 2018 <mask>, G. T., Tagaro, S. & Goto, Y. - New Marine Species from the Central Philippines. Visaya 5(1): 91-135
 2019 Poppe, G. T.: About the Conidae from the Mactan Channel and Related Species. Visaya 5(2):49-53. 2019 <mask>, G. T. & Tagaro, S.P. A New Calliostoma from the West coast of Panama (Gastropoda: Calliostomatidae).Visaya 5(3):63-68. 2020 Poppe, G. T.: Belgian and French Oyster Plates in Faience
 2020 Poppe, G. T.: Offer Bundles - Offer: 1 to 200
 2020 Poppe, G. T.: Offer Bundles - Offer: 201 to 400
 2020 Poppe, G. T. & Tagaro, S.P.: The Fissurellidae from the Philippines with the Description of 26 New Species. Visaya Supplement 13. 2020 <mask>, G. T. & Tagaro, S. P.: Description of a New Subgenus and Three New Subspecies


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 in the Family VOLUTIDAE. Visaya 5(3):5-19. 2020 <mask>, G. T. & Tagaro, S. P.: Description of Two New Trochoidean Species from the Okinawa Islands. Visaya 5(4):25-31. 2020 <mask>, G. T.: Philippine Amphidromus A Taxonomic and Nomenclatural Puzzle.Visaya Supplement 15. 2021 <mask>,G.T., Tagaro S.P. & Poppe P., The Conchological Albums - Terrestrial Molluscs, Volume 1: Acavidae, Achatinellidae, Achatinidae (1). hardcover, pp. 211 with 92 color pls
 2021 <mask>,G.T., Tagaro S.P. & Poppe P., The Conchological Albums - Terrestrial Molluscs, Volume 2: Achatinidae (2), Aciculidae, Agardhiellidae, Amastridae, Amphibulimidae, Argnidae. pp.217 with 96 color pls. 2021 <mask>,G.T., Tagaro S.P. & Poppe P., The Conchological Albums - Terrestrial Molluscs, Volume 3: Annulariidae, Ariophantidae, Azecidae, Bothriembryontidae (1). hardcover, pp. 199, 87 color plates
 2021 <mask>,G.T., Tagaro S.P. & Poppe P., The Conchological Albums - Terrestrial Molluscs, Volume 4: Bothriembryontidae (2), Bulimulidae (1). hardcover, pp.209, 95 color plates
 2021 Poppe,G.T., Tagaro S.P. & Poppe P., The Conchological Albums - Terrestrial Molluscs, Volume 5: Bulimulidae (2), Camaenidae (1). 197 pp., 89 color


texts:
 plates. 2021 Poppe,G.T., Tagaro S.P. & Poppe P., The Conchological Albums - Terrestrial Molluscs, Volume 6: Camaenidae (2), 197 pp., 90 color plates. In 1999 with Klaus Groh, he started the prestigious series "A Conchological Iconography", which today is one of the biggest compilations of its time. The following volumes have already appeared:
 1999 Dance, Poppe & Brulet: The family Harpidae
 1999 Kreipl, Poppe, Man in't Veld & De Turck: The family Strombidae
 2000 Verhaeghe & Poppe: The family Ficidae
 2000 Geiger & Poppe: The family Haliotidae
 2001 Bail, Limpus & Poppe: The genus Amoria
 2001 Bail & Poppe: A Taxonomic Introduction to the Recent Volutidae
 2002 Groh, Poppe & Charles: The family Acavidae
 2003 Alf, Kreipl & Poppe: The Family Turbinidae, Subfamily Turbininae, Genus Turbo
 2004 Bail & Poppe: The Tribe Lyriini
 2004 Monteiro A., Tenorio, J.M.& Poppe G.T. : The genus Conus of West Africa and the Mediterranean
 2005 Bail P, Limpus A. & Terryn Y.: The Recent Volutes of New Zealand
 2006 Raines B.K. & Poppe G.T. : The Family Pectinidae
 2007 Fraussen K. & Terryn Y.: The family Buccinidae, genus Neptunea
 2007 Vos C. & Terryn Y.: The family Tonnidae
 2008 Tenorio, J. M. &


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 Monteiro, A. & Terryn Y.: The South African species of Conus
 2010 Bail P. & Chino M.: The Family Volutidae
 2011 Alf. A.& Kreipl, K.: "Turbinidae Vol. II"
 2011 Alf, A. & Kreipl, K.: "The Family Turbinidae, subfamily Turbininae, genus Turbo, Supplement 1." 2012 Tenorio, M.J., Tucker, J.K., Chaney, H.W. : "The families Conilithidae and Conidae: The cones of the Eastern Pacific"
 2013 Fraussen, K. & Stratmann, D.: "The family Babyloniidae"
 2013 Liverani, V.: "The Superfamily Stromboidea - Addenda and Corrigenda. (Suppl. 2) "

<mask> also wrote dozens of popular articles in journals and magazines such as Hawaiian Shell News, Of Sea and Shore, Malacologia, Apex, Novapex, Musorstom, Informations, Gloria Maris, Visaya etc.Scientific collections
As a collector he built major conchological collections, which are now housed in prestigious museums all over the world:
 Aesthetic collection in the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris. European collection in the Bailey-Matthews Shell Museum, Florida. Trochidae collection in the Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Genève, Geneva. General collection in the Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen, Brussels. The latter collection


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 forms an important addition to the Philippe Dautzenberg collection and together both collections form the core of the conchological collections of the institute. Faunistical collection of Philippine shells in the Houston Museum of Natural Science, USA. This collection consists of over 25,000 fully documented specimens from the Philippines, which include corresponding scientific collecting and meta data, photographs and shared copyrights.Over 6,250 known species are represented in the collection and over 1000 newly discovered species likely unknown to science. Museum correspondent
 In 1996 he was honoured by the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle in Paris and attributed the title of Correspondent of the Museum. In 2006 he received the title of Scientific Associate, Malacologie Section, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. Taxonomical work

 Cylindroclavator Groh & Poppe, 2002 - n. subg. - ACAVIDAE
 Embertoniphanta Groh & Poppe, 2002 - n. gen. - ACAVIDAE
 Nigriphanta Groh & Poppe, 2002 - n. subg. - ACAVIDAE
 Paraclavator Groh & Poppe, 2002 - n. gen. - ACAVIDAE
 Spiriphanta Groh & Poppe, 2002 - n. subg. - ACAVIDAE
 Cypraea leucodon forma escotoi <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker,


texts:
 2006 - n.  gen. - SEGUENZIIDAE
 Enigmavasum Poppe & Tagaro, 2005. - n.  gen. - TURBINELLIDAE
 Aclis maestratii <mask> & Tagaro, 2016 - n.  spec. - ACLIDIDAE
 Cyclonidea dondani <mask>, 2016 - n.  spec. - ACLIDIDAE
 Cyclonidea notabilis <mask>, 2008 - n.  spec. - ACLIDIDAE
 Acteon dancei <mask>, Tagaro & Goto, 2018 - n.  spec. - ACTEONIDAE
 Acteon valentina Poppe, Tagaro & Stahlschmidt, 2015 - n.  spec.- ACTEONIDAE
 Acteon vangoethemi <mask>, Tagaro & Stahlschmidt, 2015 - n.  spec. - ACTEONIDAE
 Iselica altum <mask>, Tagaro & Goto, 2018 - n.  spec. - AMATHINIDAE
 Leucontina knopi <mask> & Tagaro, 2010 - n.  spec. - AMATHINIDAE
 Ancilla reboriae <mask>, Tagaro & Goto, 2018 - n.  spec. - ANCILLARIIDAE
 Angaria neglecta <mask> & Goto, 1993 - n.  spec. - ANGARIIDAE
 Bathyarca lucida <mask>, Tagaro & Goto, 2018 - n.  spec. - ARCIDAE
 Microdrillia rhomboidales Stahlschmidt, <mask>, 2018 - n.  spec.- BORSONIIDAE
 Calocochlia chocolatina Poppe, Tagaro & Sarino, 2015 - n.  spec. - BRADYBAENIDAE
 Antillophos armillatus Fraussen & Poppe, 2005  - n.  spec. - BUCCINIDAE
 Antillophos dedonderi Fraussen & Poppe, 2005 - n.  spec. - BUCCINIDAE
 Antillophos deprinsi Fraussen & Poppe, 2005  - n.

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 spec. - BUCCINIDAE
 Antillophos durianoides Fraussen & Poppe, 2005  - n.  spec. - BUCCINIDAE
 Antillophos hastilis Fraussen & Poppe, 2005  - n.  spec. - BUCCINIDAE
 Antillophos idyllium Fraussen & Poppe, 2005 - n.  spec.- BUCCINIDAE
 Antillophos intactus Fraussen & Poppe, 2005 - n.  spec. - BUCCINIDAE
 Antillophos lucubratonis Fraussen & Poppe, 2005  - n.  spec. - BUCCINIDAE
 Antillophos miculus Fraussen & Poppe, 2005 - n.  spec. - BUCCINIDAE
 Antillophos monsecourorum Fraussen & Poppe, 2005 - n.  spec. - BUCCINIDAE
 Antillophos opimus Fraussen & Poppe, 2005 - n.  spec. - BUCCINIDAE
 Antillophos scitamentus Fraussen & Poppe, 2005 - n.  spec. - BUCCINIDAE
 Antillophos tsokobuntodis Fraussen & Poppe, 2005 - n.  spec.- BUCCINIDAE
 Belomitra leobrerorum <mask>, 2010 - n.  spec. - BUCCINIDAE
 Cantharus petwayae <mask>, Tagaro & Goto, 2018 - n.  spec. - BUCCINIDAE
 Nassaria callomoni <mask>, Tagaro & Fraussen, 2008 - n.  spec. - BUCCINIDAE
 Nassaria exquisita Fraussen & <mask>, 2007 - n.  spec. - BUCCINIDAE
 Nassaria gyroscopoides Fraussen & <mask>, 2007 - n.  spec. - BUCCINIDAE
 Nassaria perlata Fraussen & <mask>, 2004 - n.  spec. - BUCCINIDAE
 Nassaria thalassomeli Fraussen & Poppe,

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 2007 - n.  spec.- BUCCINIDAE
 Nassaria thesaura Fraussen & Poppe, 2007 - n.  spec. - BUCCINIDAE
 Nassaria wanneri visayensis Fraussen & Poppe, 2007 - n.  subspec. - BUCCINIDAE
 Phos temperatus Fraussen & Poppe, 2005 - n.  spec. - BUCCINIDAE
 Phos vandenberghi Fraussen & Poppe, 2005  - n.  spec. - BUCCINIDAE
 Rictaxiella debelius <mask>,Tagaro & Chino, 2011 - n.  spec. - BULLINIDAE
 Rictaxiella joyae <mask>,Tagaro & Chino, 2011 - n.  spec. - BULLINIDAE
 Calliostoma aculeatum aliguayensis <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  subspec.- CALLIOSTOMATIDAE
 Calliostoma anseeuwi <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - CALLIOSTOMATIDAE
 Calliostoma basulensis <mask>, Tagaro & Vilvens, 2014 - n.  spec. - CALLIOSTOMATIDAE
 Calliostoma chinoi <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - CALLIOSTOMATIDAE
 Calliostoma connyae <mask>, Tagaro & Vilvens, 2014 - n.  spec. - CALLIOSTOMATIDAE
 Calliostoma escondida <mask>, Tagaro & Vilvens, 2014 - n.  spec. - CALLIOSTOMATIDAE
 Calliostoma guphili <mask>, 2004 - n.  spec. - CALLIOSTOMATIDAE
 Calliostoma katorii <mask>, Tagaro & Goto, 2018 - n.  spec.- CALLIOSTOMATIDAE
 Calliostoma mariei <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - CALLIOSTOMATIDAE


texts:
 Calliostoma philippei <mask>, 2004 - n.  spec. - CALLIOSTOMATIDAE
 Calliostoma swinneni <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - CALLIOSTOMATIDAE
 Calliostoma trotini <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - CALLIOSTOMATIDAE
 Calliostoma vilvensi <mask>, 2004 - n.  spec. - CALLIOSTOMATIDAE
 Calliotropis boucheti <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - CHILODONTIDAE
 Calliotropis francocacii <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec.- CHILODONTIDAE
 Calliotropis malapascuensis <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - CHILODONTIDAE
 Calliotropis minorusaitoi <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - CHILODONTIDAE
 Calliotropis philippei <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - CHILODONTIDAE
 Calliotropis sagarinoi <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - CHILODONTIDAE
 Calliotropis stanyi <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - CHILODONTIDAE
 Calliotropis vilvensi <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - CHILODONTIDAE
 Calliotropis virginiae <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec.- CHILODONTIDAE
 Calliotropis wilsi <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - CHILODONTIDAE
 Calliotropis yukikoae <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - CHILODONTIDAE

masks: Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe


texts:
 Chilodonta suduirauti <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - CHILODONTIDAE
 Danilia strattmani <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - CHILODONTIDAE
 Euchelus decora <mask> & Tagaro, 2016 - n.  spec. - CHILODONTIDAE
 Herpetopoma barbieri <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - CHILODONTIDAE
 Herpetopoma naokoae <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec.- CHILODONTIDAE
 Perrinia cecileae <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - CHILODONTIDAE
 Perrinia docili <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - CHILODONTIDAE
 Schepmanotropis <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  subg. - CHILODONTIDAE
 Spinicalliotropis <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  subg. - CHILODONTIDAE
 Spinicalliotropis spinosa <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - CHILODONTIDAE
 Vaceuchelus abdii <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - CHILODONTIDAE
 Vaceuchelus entienzai <mask>, 2016 - n.  spec.- CHILODONTIDAE
 Vaceuchelus ludiviniae <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - CHILODONTIDAE
 Vaceuchelus pagoboorum <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - CHILODONTIDAE
 Vaceuchelus saguili <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - CHILODONTIDAE
 Vaceuchelus vallesi <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker,

masks: Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppearo Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe


texts:
 2006 - n.  spec. - CHILODONTIDAE
 Vaceuchelus vangoethemi <mask>, Tagaro & Dekker, 2006 - n.  spec. - CHILODONTIDAE
 Clathurella colombi Stahlschmidt, <mask>, 2018 - n.  spec. - CLATHURELLIDAE
 Clathurella verrucosa Stahlschmidt, <mask>, 2018 - n.  spec.- CLATHURELLIDAE
 Cantrainea alfi Huang, Fu & Poppe, 2016 - n.  spec. - COLLONIIDAE
 Collonista thachi Huang, Fu & Poppe, 2016 - n.  spec. - COLLONIIDAE
 Homalopoma concors Huang, Fu & Poppe, 2016 - n.  spec. - COLLONIIDAE
 Homalopoma himuquitanense Huang, Fu & Poppe, 2016 - n.  spec. - COLLONIIDAE
 Homalopoma hui Huang, Fu & Poppe, 2016 - n.  spec. - COLLONIIDAE
 Homalopoma imberculi Huang, Fu & Poppe, 2016 - n.  spec. - COLLONIIDAE
 Homalopoma keyurare Huang, Fu & Poppe, 2016 - n.  spec.- COLLONIIDAE
 Homalopoma lini Huang, Fu & Poppe, 2016 - n.  spec. - COLLONIIDAE
 Homalopoma lunellum Huang, Fu & Poppe, 2016 - n.  spec. - COLLONIIDAE
 Homalopoma mactanense Huang, Fu & Poppe, 2016 - n.  spec. - COLLONIIDAE
 Homalopoma mikkelsenae Huang, Fu & Poppe, 2016 - n.  spec. - COLLONIIDAE
 Homalopoma nubisrubri Huang, Fu & Poppe, 2016 - n.  spec. - COLLONIIDAE
 Homalopoma parvum Huang, Fu & Poppe, 2016 - n.  spec. - COLLONIIDAE
 Homalopoma

masks: Poppe Poppearo Poppearo


texts:
 profundum Huang, Fu & Poppe, 2016 - n.  spec.- COLLONIIDAE
 Homalopoma tagaroae Huang, Fu & Poppe, 2016 - n.  spec. - COLLONIIDAE
 Homalopoma unicum Huang, Fu & Poppe, 2016 - n.  spec. - COLLONIIDAE
 Homalopoma zephyrium Huang, Fu & Poppe, 2016 - n.  spec. - COLLONIIDAE
 Mitrella fineti <mask> & Tagaro, 2010 - n.  spec. - COLUMBELLIDAE
 Conus admirationis <mask>, 2015 - n.  spec. - CONIDAE
 Conus beatrix Tenorio, <mask>, 2007 - n.  spec. - CONIDAE
 Conus escondidai <mask>, 2005 - n.  spec.- CONIDAE
 Conus frausseni Tenorio & <mask>, 2004 - n.  spec. - CONIDAE
 Conus gattegnoi <mask>, 2017 - n.  spec. - CONIDAE
 Conus geeraertsi <mask> & Tagaro, 2017 - n.  spec. - CONIDAE
 Conus glorioceanus <mask> & <mask>i <mask>, 2011 - n.  subspec. - CONIDAE
 Conus olangoensis <mask>, 2017 - n.  spec.- CONIDAE
 Conus pseudonivifer Monteiro, Tenorio & Poppe, 2004 - n.  spec. - CONIDAE
 Conus recluzianus simanoki Tenorio, Poppe & Tagaro, 2007 - n.  subspec. - CONIDAE
 Conus scottjordani Poppe, Monnier & Tagaro, 2012 - n.  spec. - CONIDAE
 Conus terryni Tenorio & Poppe, 2004 - n.  spec. - CONIDAE
 Phasmoconus sogodensis X forgot Poppe, Monnier & Tagaro, 2012 - n.  spec. - CONIDAE
 Ceratoxancus

masks: Poppe Poppearo Poppearo Poppearo Poppe Poppearo Poppe Poppearoorio Poppebba Poppearo Poppearo


texts:
 lorenzi (Poppe, Tagaro & Sarino, 2012) - n.  spec. - COSTELLARIIDAE
 Pusia voncoseli Poppe, Tagaro & Salisbury, 2009 - n.  spec.- COSTELLARIIDAE
 Vexillum baeri Poppe, Tagaro & Salisbury, 2009 - n.  spec. - COSTELLARIIDAE
 Vexillum chinoi Poppe, 2008 - n.  spec. - COSTELLARIIDAE
 Vexillum dautzenbergi <mask>, Suduiraut & Tagaro, 2006 - n.  spec. - COSTELLARIIDAE
 Vexillum geronimae <mask>, Tagaro & Salisbury, 2009 - n.  spec. - COSTELLARIIDAE
 Vexillum giselae <mask>, Tagaro & Salisbury, 2009 - n.  spec. - COSTELLARIIDAE
 Vexillum gloriae <mask>, Tagaro & Salisbury, 2009 - n.  spec. - COSTELLARIIDAE
 Vexillum jeciliae <mask>, Tagaro & Salisbury, 2009 - n.  spec.- COSTELLARIIDAE
 Vexillum joliveti <mask>, 2006 - n.  spec. - COSTELLARIIDAE
 Vexillum leyteensis <mask>udii <mask>, Suduiraut & Tagaro, 2006 - n.  spec. - COSTELLARIIDAE
 Vexillum monalizae <mask>, Suduiraut & Tagaro, 2006 - n.  spec. - COSTELLARIIDAE
 Vexillum monsecourorum <mask>, Suduiraut & Tagaro, 2006 - n.  spec. - COSTELLARIIDAE
 Vexillum pedroi <mask> & Tagaro, 2006 - n.  spec. - COSTELLARIIDAE
 Vexillum pelaezi <mask>, Tagaro & Salisbury, 2009 - n.  spec.- COSTELLARIIDAE
 Vexillum philtwoi <mask>, Tagaro &

masks: Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppearo Poppeba Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe


texts:
 Salisbury, 2009 - n.  spec. - COSTELLARIIDAE
 Vexillum praefulguratum <mask>, 2008 - n.  spec. - COSTELLARIIDAE
 Vexillum renatoi <mask>, Tagaro & Salisbury, 2009 - n.  spec. - COSTELLARIIDAE
 Vexillum ronnyi <mask>, Tagaro & Salisbury, 2009 - n.  spec. - COSTELLARIIDAE
 Vexillum strnadi <mask> & Tagaro, 2010 - n.  spec. - COSTELLARIIDAE
 Vexillum thorssoni <mask>, Suduiraut & Tagaro, 2006 - n.  spec. - COSTELLARIIDAE
 Visaya rosenbergi <mask>, Suduiraut & Tagaro, 2006 - n.  spec.- COSTELLARIIDAE
 Crossea victori <mask>, Tagaro & Stahlschmidt, 2015 - n.  spec. - CROSSEOLIDAE
 Cuspidaria tomricei <mask>i <mask> & Tagaro, 2016 - n.  spec. - CUSPIDARIIDAE
 Contradusta lapillus <mask>, Tagaro & Groh, 2013 - n.  spec. - CYPRAEIDAE
 Cypraea hungerfordi lovetha <mask>, Tagaro & Buijse, 2005. - n.  subspec. - CYPRAEIDAE
 Cypraea jandeprezi <mask> & Martin, 1997 - n.  spec.- CYPRAEIDAE
 Cypraea lefaiti Martin & Poppe, 1989 - n.  spec. - CYPRAEIDAE
 Diancta crookshanksi <mask>, Tagaro & Sarino, 2015 - n.  spec. - DIPLOMMATINIDAE
 Diplommatina lourinae <mask> & Sarino, 2015 - n.  spec. - DIPLOMMATINIDAE
 Cerodrillia jerrywallsi <mask> & Goto, 2018 - n.  spec. - DRILLIIDAE
 Clavus angulatus

masks: Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppedan Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppe Poppearo Poppearo