texts:
 81-Seven Preludes on Plainsong Hymns (1955 or 1952)
Opus 82-The church modes (Part 1. Modes I-V, Part 2. Modes VI-VIII) (1959)
Opus 83-Symphonia Elegiaca here a recording of "Last judgement" part 2 by Laure de Leon
Opus 85-Ten Preludes on Hymn Tunes in Free Style for Organ
Opus 86-Eleven Improvisations for Organ (1957) (St. Catherine, St. Agnes, St. Bernard, The Filius, Sawley, Magdalena, Newington, Everton, Waring, St. John, St. Anne)
Opus 88-Ten preludes for organ based on well known hymn tunes (1954)
Opus 89-Messe basse, no.2, organ music for Low Mass in honor of the Blessed Virgin Mary: Prelude and Postlude Introit, Offertory, Communion, Elevation, (1954)
Opus 92-Devotional Moments for Organ, Book 2 (1954)
Opus 93-Messe basse, no.4: organ music for low mass and Introit, Offertory on Paschal themes: Prelude, Elevation, elevation, After Communion, check-fanfare (1958)
Opus 94-Four short pieces for organ: Preludietto, Sarabande, Dirge, Passacaglia brevis (1957)
Opus 98-Harqua-hala; 3 nature sketches for Hammond organ (1960)
Opus 99-Devotional Moments for Organ, Book 3 (1956)
Opus 100-No. 3 Messe basse for Christmastide: Introit, Offertory, Prelude and Postlude Elevation, Communion, (1957)
Opus 102-Organ and chimes: compositions (1954) here a recording of ' Evening Song ' and '


type: original

texts:
 Meditation ' by an unknown organist
Opus 103/2-Christmas rhapsody (1958)
Opus 103/3-Solemn Prelude for a Festal Day (1962)
Opus 105-Sonata for Organ (1964)
Opus 106-Seven Preludes and Fugues (1961)
Opus 107-Biblical Sketches (1958)
Opus 110-Suite for Organ (1960)
Opus 114-12 short preludes ludia breviora per omni toni in all keys for organ (1963)
Opus 118-Devotional Moments for Organ, Book 4 (1951)
Opus 121-The Little Organ Book Thirty Seven Easy Pieces For Hammond And Pipe Organs (1961) (various composers including by Hulse)
Opus 122-Ten service pieces based on hymn tunes for organ (1962)
Opus 124-Soli Deo Gloria (10 Pieces for Organ)
Opus 126-Short Pieces on Gregorian Themes. For Organ (1963)
Opus 127-Organ Music for Church, 11 Pieces for Organ (1963)
Opus 125/1-Marche pontificale (1962)
Opus 130-Ten Pieces for Organ. For church use (1966)
Opus 132-Suite for Easter: four pieces for organ: Prelude on "Singers, Sing", Meditation on "Jesus Christ Is Risen Today", Improvisation on "Ye Sons and Daughters", Toccatina on "Christ, the Lord, Is Risen Today (1966)
Opus 140-Hommage pour grand orgue Breughel: Pome rhapsodique (1974)
Opus 144-Sinfonia da chiesa (1973)
Opus 150-Prelude et Fugue sur B.A.C.H. (1974)

Opus number is unknown or not yet found
Bachianas Brasileiras No. 5. by


texts:
 Heitor Villa-Lobos (1887-1959)-Aria Cantilena; arranged for organ solo by Camil van Hulse (1960)
Easter Morn. -Fantasy on Easter themes For organ and piano (1951)
Three interludes on a plain chant for organ (1951)
Four Short Pieces for Organ (Original Compositions for the Organ.New Series) (1957)
Miniatures: 1. Madonna, 2. Shadows, 3. Snowflakes, for organ ... transcribed by <mask> van Hulse (1958)
Seven pieces for the service (petite suite) (1959)
Little cycle through the Christian Year for Hammond and Pipe Organs (1960)
Three Chorale Preludes (1962)
Postlude for solo organ (1962)
At the manger in Bethlehem (1962)
Organ music for church: eleven pieces for organ (1963)
Nuptial cortege, for organ. With Hammond organ registration (1965)
Suite For Easter-Four Pieces For Organ (1966)
Aria For Organ With Hammond And Pipe Organ Registration (1967)
Epithalamium (Wedding Music) for Church Organ; on a chorale by Melchior Vulpius (1978)
Fantaisie-Toccata on Dies irae
Two piano four hands version of Muzio Clementi's Sonatina in C Major, opus 36 no 1

Collect bundles with other composers
The parish organist. Part two. One hundred twenty chorale preludes, postludes, voluntaries and by older masters and contemporary composers.A.o. My hope is built on nothing less = Magdalen/<mask> van Hulse

masks: Camil Camil


texts:
 (1953)
The parish organist. Part three. One hundred twenty chorale preludes, postludes, voluntaries and by older masters and contemporary composers. A.o. Take my life and let it be = Patmos/<mask> van Hulse (1953)
Intervolatures for Organ: Marche pontificale; Gaudeamus/dice, Postlude/McGrath, Exsultate Deo/Ventura (1957)
Miniatures for Organ: Andante religioso/j. McGrath, Pontifical/c.<mask>e, Modern/l. die (1961)

References

 Archive Bibliotheca Wasiana, Sint-Niklaas

1897 births
1988 deaths
20th-century American composers
20th-century American conductors (music)
20th-century American male musicians
20th-century organists
American classical composers
American classical organists
American male classical composers
American male conductors (music)
American male organists
Belgian Army personnel of World War I
Belgian classical organists
Belgian emigrants to the United States
Composers for carillon
Musicians from Tucson, Arizona
People from Sint-Niklaas
Classical musicians from

masks:
Camil
Van Huls


texts:
Robert A<mask> (February 6, 1913 – January 4, 2001) was an American football player and coach who spent more than three decades in the sport, including his most prominent position as head coach of the National Football League's Los Angeles Rams. College career
A native of Toledo, Ohio, <mask> played three years of football at Ohio University, seeing action on both sides of the ball. During that trio of seasons that began in 1933, <mask> was off the field for just four minutes, winning small college All-America honors as a senior. Professional career
He moved on to the fledgling second version of the American Football League in 1936, where he played for the Pittsburgh Americans before shifting to the NFL the following year with the Cleveland Rams. Playing quarterback (as well as serving as the team's placekicker) for two seasons, <mask> finished the 1938 NFL season with 631 yards passing, while also showing excellent speed and mobility. On February 13, 1939, <mask> was traded to the Chicago Bears and used at running back. After contributing throughout the campaign, he suffered a deep personal tragedy when his two-week-old son, Robert Calvin, died on November 30.When he returned the next year, <mask> played exclusively at quarterback (and continuing as a kicker), but had the misfortune of playing on the same team as future Hall of Fame signal caller Sid Luckman. That frustration was soothed somewhat when the Bears went on to capture the 1940 NFL Championship with the biggest rout in the league's postseason history, defeating the Washington Redskins, 73–0. After another season of play resulted in another championship for the Bears, with <mask> kicking three field goals in the 37-9 championship game victory, <mask> retired to become the University of Notre Dame's freshman football coach on July 10, 1942. His main focus was instruction in his area of expertise, the T-Formation, and his work undoubtedly proved to be successful when two quarterbacks under his tutelage, Angelo Bertelli and Johnny Lujack, went on to win the Heisman Trophy. <mask>

masks:
. Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder


texts:
 returned to the playing field with one more season with the Bears in 1943, notching a trio of league kicking records with 39 conversions, while also connecting on all 12 of his field goal attempts. During the November 14 contest against the New York Giants, <mask> scored on eight conversions during the Bears' high-scoring effort. After the season ended with another Bears' championship, he spent one year contributing to the war effort, serving as personnel manager of the Thompson Aircraft plant in his hometown of Toledo.A back injury suffered during his playing days had prevented <mask> from serving in the armed services. During this stretch, he also coached Libby High School, his alma mater, to an Ohio state title. Coaching career
In 1945, <mask> joined the Rams as an assistant coach, and played a major role in helping rookie quarterback <mask> win Most Valuable Player accolades. Under bitterly cold conditions on December 16, the Rams won the NFL title with a 15–14 decision over the Redskins. Just weeks later, Ram owner Dan Reeves shifted the franchise to Los Angeles, with <mask> spending the following season in the same capacity. After Rams head coach Adam Walsh resigned at the conclusion of the 1946 NFL season, <mask> was named head coach on January 20, 1947 and immediately became the league's youngest head coach. Winning three of the first four games of the regular season, <mask> watched the Rams collapse at midseason with a four-game losing streak to finish with a 6–6 mark.The pressures of that season followed him into the next, causing him to resign on September 3, 1948, citing an ulcer condition. Despite that stress, <mask> would stay away from coaching for less than a month before accepting an assistant post with the USC Trojans. On January 28, 1949, he left that position for an assistant coaching spot with the Green Bay Packers under Curly Lambeau, but again remained only a year before heading home to become head football coach at the University of Toledo. <mask> made a bit of history by naming Dick Huston as freshman coach, the

masks:
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Bob Waterfield
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder


texts:
 first African-American mentor to ever work for a non-black college. Despite being back among family, <mask> left the school after finishing 4–5 during the 1950 season, and did not resurface until 1953 when he was named head coach of the Canadian Football League's Calgary Stampeders. That foray would again only span one season before he was dismissed. The aftermath of his departure was ugly as <mask> claimed in February 1954 that players were taking the amphetamine benzedrine to keep up their stamina during the season, a charge that was roundly denied by the league.In August of that year, <mask> spent one season as an assistant at Villanova University, then returned to the NFL for two years with the Pittsburgh Steelers before moving back for one year to the college level as a West Virginia University assistant. <mask> watched his coaching career wind down during the 1960s, working at the minor league football level, beginning with a stint with the Toledo Tornadoes of the United Football League. On September 19, 1965, he was named head coach of the Wheeling Ironmen of the Continental Football League, lasting until his resignation on November 22, 1967. The following year, he became head coach of the league's Indianapolis Capitols, but resigned on February 4, 1969 to enter private business in Toledo. Death
<mask> died in 2001 at a Toledo rehabilitation center after complications from diabetes. Head coaching record

College

Professional

References

External links

1913 births
2001 deaths
American football quarterbacks
Calgary Stampeders coaches
Chicago Bears players
Cleveland Rams coaches
Cleveland Rams players
Green Bay Packers coaches
Los Angeles Rams coaches
Notre Dame Fighting Irish football coaches
Ohio Bobcats football players
Pittsburgh Americans players
Pittsburgh Steelers coaches
USC Trojans football coaches
Villanova Wildcats football coaches
West Virginia Mountaineers football coaches
People from Fremont, Ohio
Sportspeople from Toledo, Ohio
Coaches of American football from Ohio
Players of American football from Ohio
Deaths from

masks: Snyder Snyder Snyder Snyder Snyder


texts:
<mask>, known as "Detroit" <mask> (born 10 November 1952, Inkster, MI, passed 22 November 2020 in Bissingen an der Teck, South Germany) was an American musician. Biography
While he was still an infant his family moved to the west side of Detroit, on Oregon Street, where he was raised. His late mother, <mask> (1920-1999), reared him in the church where he began to perform on the saxophone with Brother Lawhorn in 1962. He attended Northwestern High School until 1970, and played in a jazz band while attending community college. At age 14  he played in Bobo Jenkins Blues Band, Detroit. <mask> made his first recorded release That good old Funky Feeling on 45rpm at the age of 17 with his band The Impacs. The Impacs were a backing band for several of the Detroit R&B vocal groups like The Dramatics.After touring with The Dramatics and performing in such places as the Apollo in Harlem, the T.P. Warner Theater in Washington D.C. and tours through Panama, and the eastern coast of North America, he headed west and camped in California for five years. During this time he performed with musicians such as Eddie Shaw, Eddie "Cleanhead" Vinson, Johnny Heartsman, Roy Brown, Big Mama Thornton, and many other musicians on the West Coast music scene. In 1982, he spent a year in the Chicago blues scene where he played in the bands of the late Lefty Dizz, Sunnyland Slim, Johnny Littlejohn and Sugar Blue. and they released three vinyls. Since moving to Europe in 1983 and in addition to producing several music concerts for Jazz Clubs and Festivals, he has toured with Charlie Musselwhite, Arnett Cobb, Screaming Jay Hawkins Jimmy Rogers, Johnny Copeland, Big Jay McNeely (Saxomania Tour, Europe),

masks:
Gary Allen Wiggins
Gary Wiggins
Ruth Russell Wiggins
Wiggins


texts:
 Katie Webster,  Scott Hamilton, Louisiana Red and Carey Bell. He joined the Ray Charles show in Germany twice, and went to Japan.In Osnabrueck, Germany, Rannenberg and <mask> founded the Pink Piano Jam Sessions  (where Arnett Cobb's last performance was recorded) and, after moving to Berlin, he continued inviting international stars to the Berlin Blues Café. <mask> played in the A-Trane International Jazz Club Berlin - that announced him as "one of the most important american Saxophonists living in Europe" – since more than 20 years, as well as Europe's Oldest Jazzclub in Paris Le Caveau de las Huchette. The International Blues Duo produced and released three albums, and <mask> has recorded with, among others, Bobby McFerrin, Robert Covington, and Roy Gaines. <mask> won the Berlin Jazz & Blues Award in 2002 and the German Preis der Deutschen Schallplattenkritik 1994 for Acoustic Soul, as well as the Gong Show in 1977 with Rick Murphy and David Winans as The Show Bizz Kids. In his last years he started Acrylic Painting and several Art Projects. Discography
 Introducing The International Blues Duo To The World (1984)
 The International Blues Duo Meets Blues Wire - Truly International (1987 / 2014)
 Bobby McFerrin feat. Detroit <mask>: Bobby's Thing & Lady Fair  (1988)
 The International Blues Duo Featuring Katie Webster (1989)
 Time For Saxin’ (1990)
 Detroit Gary Wiggins & C.C.the Boogieman: Acoustic Soul (1992)
 I Got Up (1996)
 Fabrice Eulry & Detroit <mask>gins: Paris Jook (1996)
 Ballads in a Diplomatic Lounge (2004)
 Zeitlos (2005)
 Saxin’ the Blues (2011)

As a side-person
 Lefty Dizz & Shock Treatment: Live in Chicago (1982/2008)
 Klaus Lage: Schweissperlen

masks:
Wiggins
Wiggins
Wiggins
Wiggins
Gary Wiggins
Gary Wig


texts:
 (1985)
 Johnny Heartsman: Sacramento (1987)
 Roy Gaines: Going home to see Mama (1987)
 Angela Brown: Live (1993)
 The Gospel Messengers: Lean on Me (1996)
 EB Davis: Fool for the Ladies (1996) mit Big Jay Mc Neely,
 Siggy Davis: Live (2013)
 Jimmie Smith: Timemension (1983)
 The Cat - several Albums
 Errol Dixon: Mr. Boogie Woogie
 Robert Covington: The Golden Voice Of Robert Covington (1987)
 The Dramatics: What you see is what you get (1972)
 Jimmy Scott: A Pair and a Spair (1973)
 Rickmond, Cindy: New Ideas (1990)

References

External links

 Detroit <mask> - Artist's Website
 Website The International Blues Duo
 <mask> at the Encyclopedia of Jazz Musicians at Jazz.com

 Detroit Gary Wiggins <mask> at the archives of Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Frankfurt a. Main, Germany
 Detroit <mask> at the Library of Congress, Washington
 Detroit <mask> at the "Blues Archive of The University of Mississippi Digital Collections", Oxford, USA
 Detroit <mask>gins at the  Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris, France
 Detroit <mask>gins NUKAT, Union Catalog of Polish Research Libraries, Warsaw, Poland
 Detroit <mask> at SLUB, Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden, Germany
 The DGW Interview from 2002. Blues Blues Photograph Collection, The Blues Archive University of Mississippi Digital Collections
 Press Articles from US Press, France, Netherlands, Denmark, Germany
 Chicago Reader: The  Golden Voice of Richard Covington - with "Detroit Gary Wiggins". Ingrid Montgomery-Swinton, Go Red Go, Blow Arnett Blow: The life of Arnett Cobb. Ingrid Montgomery-Swinton, Lizette Cobb, p. 3
 Gary Wiggins at Berlin Dialogues - CES Center for

masks:
Gary Wiggins
Gary Wiggins
Gary Wiggins
Gary Wiggins
Gary Wiggins
Gary Wig
Gary Wig
Gary Wiggins


texts:
 European Studies Harvard University, Berlin
 Arnett Cobbs Last Recorded Concert at the Pink Piano with Gary Wiggins and a Spoken Word by Arnett Cobb
 Video of Big Jay McNeely & "Detroit" Gary Wiggins
 The Pink Piano Osnabrueck 1986. Uwe Manzke: Blues in Deutschland, Bluessource.com
 Verlagsgruppe Rhein Main GmbH & Co. KG: Tommy Schneller beim SWR-Summertime Blues - Allgemeine Zeitung.Wolfgang Peter: Kurhaus Baden-Baden - The Night of the Saxophones. <mask> at Caveau de La Huchette, Paris
 Detroit <mask>gins discography at All About Jazz
 Dany Doriz, Christian Mars: 60 Ans de jazz au Caveau de la Huchette. Hrsg. : Cabu. L'Archipel, Paris 2008, , S. 86–87. Interview "Detroit" <mask> by Frau Julie Bennett Hume's Podcast, Berlin, 2011

1952 births
Living people
African-American jazz musicians
American blues singers
American funk saxophonists
American male saxophonists
American jazz soprano saxophonists
American rhythm and blues musicians
American soul musicians
Chicago blues musicians
Detroit blues musicians
Jazz-blues saxophonists
Members of the Church of God in Christ
Musicians from Chicago
Singers from Detroit
21st-century saxophonists
Jazz musicians from Illinois
Jazz musicians from Michigan
21st-century American male musicians
American male jazz

masks:
Gary
Gary Wig
Gary Wiggins


texts:
<mask> (October 14, 1864 – March 20, 1930), the fourth president of the University of Oklahoma, was born October 14, 1864, to Thomas and <mask> in Franklin, Tennessee. His grandfather, Major <mask>, was one of the founders of Nashville, Tennessee. His brother, John P<mask> was a governor of Tennessee. He attended public school and the academy at Murfreesboro, Tennessee. Then he attended and graduated from Cumberland University at Lebanon, Tennessee in 1885 with a Bachelor of Science degree. He did graduate work at both Vanderbilt University in 1893-4 and the University of Chicago in 1896. He received his LL.D.from Kingfisher College, Kingfisher, Oklahoma in 1917. <mask> was one of the earliest faculty members appointed to the newly created Oklahoma University by its first president, David Ross Boyd, and began advancing through the academic ranks. He became chairman of the History Department, then Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences, where he served for 19 years. Described as extremely popular with both students and faculty, he proved to be a very effective administrator. He also survived political purges that swept away two presidents and several other highly rated faculty members during the early years of the University's existence. After serving nearly one year as acting president and one as full president, he returned to full-time teaching and serving as the school vice president until his death in March 1930. Move to Oklahoma
<mask>' brother, John, was the Governor of Tennessee during 1891 - 1893.He appointed <mask> as the assistant superintendent of public schools for the state. Instead, <mask> decided to move to Indian Territory, where he became a professor of history at Central Normal School in Edmond in 1894. In 1895, <mask> moved to Norman and accepted the same position at the newer University of Oklahoma, a connection he would maintain for the rest of his

masks:
James Shannon Buchanan
Rebecca Jane Shannon
John Buchanan
. Buchanan
Buchanan
James
James
James
Buchanan


texts:
 career. Politics and academia
Around the dawn of the Twentieth Century, territorial colleges and universities were ripe fields for political patronage. There had been only one Democratic Governor in Oklahoma Territory since it was created in 1890, W. C. Renfrow was appointed by Democratic President Grover Cleveland and served between 1893 and 1897. David Ross Boyd, the first President of OU, had been appointed by the first Oklahoma Territorial Governor, George W<mask>, a Republican, who had been appointed by Republican President Benjamin Harrison. At the first statewide election after being granted statehood on November 16, 1907, the electorate chose an administration controlled by the Democratic Party, led by Charles N. Haskell.Among other "reforms", the Democrats were determined to purge Republican influence from OU. Very soon, Haskell fired the entire OU Board of Regents and named a new president for the school, Arthur Grant Evans, who was to take over, effective July 1, 1908. Evans had previously been president of Henry Kendall College, then a Presbyterian School located in Muskogee. "Uncle Buck" survives
Every faculty member was directed to appear before the Board of Regents on June 23, 1908, to present reasons why he or she should be allowed to remain at OU. For most, this was a formality, as the outcome had already been decided before the meeting, based on party affiliation. Fortunately for them, most were hired outside the state before the start of the next school year. <mask> was one of two southern Democrats on the faculty prior to Oklahoma becoming a state.Because of this, he was one of the few who survived the cuts the newly elected Democratic governor of Oklahoma, Charles N. Haskell, made to the University; cuts which included the first president of Oklahoma, David Ross Boyd. He came to the university in 1895 as a professor of history. <mask> had other

masks:
. Steele
Buchanan
Buchanan


texts:
 advantages as well. He was politically active, having been a member of the Oklahoma Constitutional Convention in 1906-7. He was also elected to the Norman City Council. He had a great talent for making friends all over the state. He was extremely popular among his students, who had coined the nickname, "Uncle Buck", for him, and by which he was known all over the campus.Another faculty member said,"... everybody liked Professor <mask>. I presume he never had an enemy." Through the years, he progressed up the ranks. Soon, he was head of the department of history. In 1909, he was named as the first dean of the College of Arts and Sciences. He also was a busy man outside of his university duties: he was an official in his church, the superintendent of his Sunday school, member of a civic club, member of the chamber of commerce, and of a prominent fraternal organization. University president
In 1922, John C. "Jack" Walton, a Democrat, was elected Governor of Oklahoma.Walton had a very different agenda for the university. He represented a solidly populist wing of the electorate who felt that the institution had become too elitist, too expensive, and whose curriculum taught too many social concepts that they opposed. Almost as soon as he took office, he began a campaign to eliminate these problems. First he fired five members of the Board of Regents and replaced them with his own backers. Then he began to undermine President <mask> Duluth Brooks, who had been hired in 1912. By 1923, Brooks decided that he did not want to remain in a position where he clearly was unwanted, and resigned from OU on January 12, 1923. Evidently realizing that it would not be possible to hire a highly qualified president before classes began in the fall of 1923, Walton appointed Professor <mask><mask> as Acting President.<mask> was dean of the college of arts and sciences for 14 years before he was

masks:
Buchanan
Stratton
James S
. Buchanan
Buchanan


texts:
 named acting president of the university on July 1, 1923. He was appointed president one year later. He was not in office very long but he still had several notable accomplishments. For one he was responsible for the reestablishment of the Oklahoma Geological Survey. Also, the concept and fundraising began for a combination football stadium/student union began during his year as president. In 1925, <mask> led a $1 million fund-raising campaign to build both a football stadium and a student union building. Construction began in the same year, and the student union building was completed and opened November 22, 1928.Both the  Oklahoma Memorial Union and Memorial Stadium, were dedicated in honor of the OU students and alumni who died in World War I. Later, it was rededicated to honor all members of the OU community who sacrificed their lives in defense of their country. A clock tower was included in the original, but was not added until 1936 because of the onset of the Great Depression. He served effectively, but made known that he strongly desired to return to teaching. After he was replaced as university president by William Bennett Bizzell in June 1925, he remained at OU serving as the Vice-President of the university. Personal
<mask> married Vinnie Galbraith at Terrell, Texas on June 24, 1896. They had three children: Frances, <mask> and William, before Vinnie died May 15, 1921.On December 23, 1924, he married his second wife, Katharyn Osterhaus, who had been the supervisor of English at University High School also in Norman, Oklahoma. <mask> <mask> died on March 20, 1930. Katharyn and the three children survived him. See also
University of Central Oklahoma

Notes

References

Sources

1864 births
1930 deaths
People from Franklin, Tennessee
Presidents of the University of Oklahoma
Cumberland University alumni
University of Chicago alumni
Kingfisher College alumni
People

masks:
Buchanan
James
James
James Shannon
Buchanan


texts:
<mask> (30 August 1879 – 13 April 1961) was a Chinese-American businessman and philanthropist who founded the National Dollar Stores and supported many Chinese organizations. He was one of the first Chinese-American millionaires and at one time, according to Time Magazine, was the "richest, best-known Chinese business man in the U.S." Though the National Dollar Stores are now closed, <mask>'s legacy endures through the organizations, including cultural centers, schools and universities, which he and the Shoong Foundation supported. Name
<mask> was born as Zhou Song (). Due to the Chinese usage of placing the family name first, <mask>'s names were transposed when he emigrated to the U.S. and his given name, Song (changed slightly to <mask>), became the family name he used in America. Song means "big and tall mountain". Early years

<mask> was born to <mask> and Chew Wong Shee in the village of Long Tau Wan () in Zhongshan, Guangdong, China. In that village, the Long Du dialect was spoken so that is most likely the dialect spoken by <mask>.Long Du speakers can generally understand Cantonese. According to his daughter Doris, <mask> sold eggs in China when he was young, and emigrated to the United States when he was 18 or 19 years old (1897 or 1898), without any relatives. From 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act was in force, allowing only three categories of Chinese immigrants to America: merchants, students and diplomats. <mask>'s first place of residence in America was Vallejo, California, where he lived with friends and relatives from Long Tau Wan and worked in a garment factory. National Dollar Stores
In 1901, <mask> opened a store in Vallejo called Sang Lee Dry Goods together with Hon Chui Choy, Doh DohWing and a fourth unknown person. Two years later, he bought out his partners and moved the store to Fillmore Street in San Francisco. In 1905, he changed the

masks:
Joe Shoong
Shoong
Joe Shoong
Shoong
Shoong
Shoong
Joe Gon Lim
Shoong
Shoong
Shoong
Shoong


texts:
 name to China Toggery, or Chung Hing in Chinese, meaning "revival" or "rejuvenation", and moved the headquarters to 927-929 Market Street.The stores sold clothes and household goods: quality merchandise offered at low prices. <mask> changed the name to the National Dollar Stores in 1928, when there were sixteen store locations in the West, in cities such as Sacramento, Seattle, and Portland. The National Dollar Stores were unusual because the majority ownership and all management was Chinese, and about 90% of the clerks were Caucasian. <mask> helped a great number of Chinese people, many from his own Long Du district, come to America and provided them and their families with housing and education. In 1938, the National Dollar Stores were part of a labor dispute in which the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union picketed three San Francisco stores and a factory supplying the stores. Subsequently, <mask> filed for $500,000 damages and the suit was settled, though the factory then went out of business. Covering Hawaii and seven western states, by 1959 there were fifty-four stores worth $12 million, with 700 employees.After <mask>'s death in 1961, the store leadership was taken over by his son, Milton, and the chain went into slow decline. The stores were hurt by the recession of the early 1990s, competition from national discount chains, and the 1992 Los Angeles riots in which eleven stores were damaged. In February 1996, ninety-five years after the opening of Shoong's first store, the National Dollar Stores closed. Other business interests
<mask> invested in real estate and in the stock market, and kept a ticker tape in his bedroom. Just before the Wall Street Crash of 1929, <mask> was traveling across the country by train and had a premonition to sell all of his portfolio. At each train stop, he ordered his broker to sell off his stock, and in the end he

masks: Shoong Shoong Shoong Shoong Shoong Shoong


texts:
 received a check from the Bank of America for his portfolio value of a million dollars

Around 1926, <mask> bought 51% of the stock of the National Shoe Company, thus acquiring a controlling interest in Reeves Shoe Stores, a chain of 32 shops on the West Coast. The New York Times included <mask> in a 1938 article on the highest salaries across the nation.The list was topped by movie producer Louis B. Mayer with his compensation of $1,296,503. The California section shows <mask> earning $75,749 with the National Dollar Stores, and a "<mask>ong" receiving $50,030 from "Schoong Investment Company". There was a Shoong Investment Company and this is most likely an typographical error. Other notable names in California included William Randolph Hearst ($500,000 income), Charles Chaplin ($106,000) and Walter E. Disney ($39,750). Political views and affiliations

Like many Chinese emigrants, <mask> kept close ties with his homeland. He donated 120,000 yuan to support China during the Second Sino-Japanese War, and at his home he entertained Soong Mei-ling, known as Madame Chiang Kai-Shek, wife of Chinese political leader Chiang Kai-shek. <mask> was a Shriner and 32nd degree Mason.Philanthropy

<mask> himself had little formal education, and it was notable that he spoke English with no accent. He believed that education was empowering; thus, a large part of his philanthropy was dedicated to Chinese language schools, cultural institutions and scholarships. In 1928 <mask> gave the money to start a school in his native village in China, Long Tau Wan, as well as a kindergarten named after his wife Rose, and he supported the Longdu Middle School nearby. <mask>ong Foundation — founded after World War II and later called the Milton Shoong Foundation and then the Shoong Foundation — contributed to:
 Chinese Central High School, San Francisco
 Chinese Hospital, San Francisco

masks:
Shoong
Shoong
Shoong
Joeho
Shoong
Shoong
Shoong
Shoong
Joe Shoongho


texts:
 Chinatown YMCA, San Francisco
 Chinese Historical Society of America, San Francisco
 "Little Theater" at Storyland Children's Zoo, San Francisco
 Scholarships at the University of California, Berkeley
 Chinese Community Center and School, now called the Shoong Family Chinese Cultural Center, Oakland Chinatown
 Dragon Slide and Treetop Tea House (renovated in 2014), Children's Fairyland, Oakland
 Renovation of Paramount Theatre, Oakland
 Joe Shoong Chinese School, Locke
 Chung Wah School, Sacramento
Numerous other charities and churches also received donations from the Shoong Foundation. There is a  in Las Vegas. Personal life

<mask> was married to San-Francisco-born Rose Elizabeth SooHoo (16 June 1890 – 20 January 1951). They had two daughters, Betty and Doris, and one son, Milton, and moved from San Francisco to Oakland around 1924 to 385 Bellevue Avenue, a house designed by Julia Morgan, the first female architect licensed in California.In 1952, a year after Rose's death, <mask> married Ruth Chow. <mask> was ill from January 1961 and died a few months later, on 13 April at the age of 81. The National Dollar Stores closed for one day in his honor. He is buried at Mountain View Cemetery, Oakland. <mask> took over the management of the National Dollar Stores and the Shoong Foundation after his father's death. In 2011, <mask>'s daughter <mask> Lee, together with her husband Ted, donated $15 million to the UNLV College of Business, which is now called the Lee Business School. <mask> Lee passed away in 2018.References

External links
 Central Chinese High School, San Francisco
 Shoong Family Chinese Cultural Center, Oakland
 Joe Shoong Chinese School, Locke

1879 births
1961 deaths
Chinese emigrants to the United States
American businesspeople of Chinese descent
Chinese-American history
People from Zhongshan
Burials at Mountain View Cemetery (Oakland,

masks:
Shoong
Shoong
Shoong
Milton Shoong
Shoong
Doris Shoong
Doris Shoong


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<mask>  (10 April 1908 – 3 November 1993) was a British journalist, television executive and editor, and politician. He was a member of both of Britain's major political parties: the Labour Party and Conservative Party, and was elected to the House of Commons as a Labour MP from 1945 to 1951, and as a Conservative MP from 1962 to 1967. Education
<mask> was educated at Harrow School and Trinity College, Oxford. He played cricket for both Harrow and for Oxford University Cricket Club. He scored 87 in the 1926 Eton v Harrow match at Lord's, an innings which Wisden described as "widely regarded as the best innings in the match for many year", and he was described in the same publication as a "beautiful player". In 1928 he set a new record for runs scored in a season for Oxford with 1,137 runs scored, and in 1929 scored 204 against Northamptonshire. Life and career
<mask> had a varied career, playing first-class cricket, serving in the armed forces, acting as a Member of Parliament for two political parties, making documentary films and serving as the first chairman of London Weekend Television.Cricket career

<mask> made his first-class cricket debut in May 1927, playing for Oxford University against Harlequins. Later the same year he made his County Championship debut for Kent County Cricket Club against Worcestershire as an amateur cricketer. The bulk of <mask>'s first-class cricket career was in the late 1920s and early 1930s. He made at least ten first-class appearances in each year between 1927 and 1932 and made a total of 87 first-class appearances, the majority during this

masks:
Aidan Merivale Crawley
Crawley
Crawley
Crawley
Crawley


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 period. He played a total of 39 times for Oxford and 33 for Kent as well as eight times for Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) as well as making a few appearances for other teams such as the Free Foresters. He played only six more first-class matches after the end of the 1932 season, four of which took place after the Second World War whilst he was a sitting MP. He also made four Minor Counties Championship appearances for Buckinghamshire in 1948 and was president of MCC in 1972-73 and the chairman of the National Cricket Association for seven years, during which time he was one of the driving forces behind the establishment of the National Village Cricket Championship.Services career
He joined the Auxiliary Air Force in 1936, and was a trained fighter pilot at start of the Second World War. After serving on night patrols over the English Channel he was sent ostensibly as an assistant air attaché to Turkey in April 1940, cover for intelligence work in the Balkans in Yugoslavia and Bulgaria, being smuggled out of Sofia when the Germans invaded the latter country in March 1941. Subsequently assigned to 73 Squadron in Egypt, he was shot down in July 1941 near besieged Tobruk and was taken prisoner of war. He remained in Germany, despite escape attempts, latterly at Stalag Luft III. Parliamentary career
He was Labour  Member of Parliament for Buckingham from 1945 to 1951, when he lost to the Conservative candidate Frank Markham, himself an ex-Labour MP. He was Under-Secretary of State for Air in Clement Attlee's Labour Government. Having left the Labour Party in 1957, in 1962, he was


texts:
 elected to Parliament as a Conservative, winning the by-election in West Derbyshire.He held the seat through two general elections, before resigning in 1967 to become Chairman of London Weekend Television where he remained until 1973. Media career
In 1955, he was the first editor-in-chief of Independent Television News and was responsible for introducing American-style newscasters to British media and pledged to transform television's attitudes to politicians. He left ITN after a row when the company tried to trim down the news operations and rejoined the BBC. <mask> authored several books, including biographies of Konrad Adenauer and Charles De Gaulle. De Gaulle: A Biography (London: Collins, 1969)
 Escape from Germany 1939-1945
 Spoils of the War: The Rise of Western Germany 1945-1972
 Patterns of Government in Africa
 Leap before you look: a memoir, 1988. <mask> was the second son of the Rev. (Arthur) Stafford <mask>, Canon of Windsor, and the former Anstice Katherine Gibbs (usually known as Nancy), sixth of the ten children of Antony and Janet Gibbs of Tyntesfield, Somerset.His paternal grandfather was George Baden <mask> (1833–1879), a successful railway contractor and his wife Inez. <mask> was the brother-in-law of the Earl of Cavan and Crawley's mother was related to the Lords Wraxall, of Tyntesfield and the Lords Aldenham and Hunsdon. <mask> was chaplain to the Archbishop of York at Bishopthorpe and later Canon of St George's Chapel, Windsor. The <mask>s had three sons and two daughters, of whom <mask> was the middle son. A daughter Anstice, Lady Goodman (see below), was

masks:
Crawley
Family Crawley
Crawley
Crawley
Stafford Crawley
Stafford Crawley
Crawley
Aidan


texts:
 also prominent in public life. Marriage and issue
In 1945, he married the sometime war correspondent Virginia Cowles (24 August 1910 – 6 September 1983), daughter of the controversial society doctor Edward Spencer Cowles MD, with whom he had 3 children. Crawley suffered several tragedies.His wife died in 1983 in a road accident near Biarritz in France. Five years later, he lost both his sons in a plane crash whilst they were travelling together to their sister's 40th birthday party, leaving young children and widows who were seven months pregnant. He then lost heavily in the Lloyd's crash and at the time of his death, <mask> was virtually penniless. He was survived by his daughter Harriet, his two widowed daughters-in-law and six grandchildren:
 Andrew Hayward <mask> (1947−1988), married Sarah Lawrence in 1986 and had one son and a posthumous daughter. Randall Stafford <mask> (1950–1988), who married Marita Georgina Phillips in 1982. Their two sons (the younger Galen born after his death) and a daughter. His widow Marita remarried Andrew Knight in 2006.Harriet Spencer <mask> (b. 1948), a successful author and former television presenter of "Collecting Now", married Gleb Shestakov in 1993 and then Julian Ayer in around 2001. Ayer, whom she met in 1999, was the adoptive son of the philosopher Sir Alfred Jules Ayer. They had no children although Harriet had one son in 1987: Harriet unsuccessfully fought the Brent East Constituency in the 1987 general election, she lost to Labour veteran Ken Livingstone. Spencer Henry <mask> (b.1987) who played one first-class cricket match for

masks: Crawley Crawley Crawley Crawley Crawley


texts:
 Oxford University. Notable relatives

 <mask>'s sister was Anstice, Lady Goodman (7 December 1911 - 4 January 2001), whose marriage to Sir Victor Goodman was childless. <mask>'s niece Penelope Anstice <mask> (b.1950) married 1971 Lord Guernsey, now 12th Earl of Aylesford (b. 1947), the heir to the 11th Earl of Aylesford and has issue, including one son. Her husband succeeded to the earldom on 12 February 2008, and her son is now styled Lord Guernsey. This is not the first notable marriage for a Crawley female; her great-aunt Caroline Inez <mask> (d. 1920, without issue) was first wife of Field Marshal the 10th Earl of Cavan. An ancestress <mask>-Boevey (1817–1877), of the Crawley-Boevey baronets married William Gibbs of Tyntesfield and Clyst St. George, and had issue, seven children, of whom four are listed in the Plantagenet Roll.<ref>Marquis de Ruvigny de Raineval et al. [https://books.google.com/books?id=w9UYYThhRIQC&pg=PA155&lpg=PA155&dq=%22George+Baden+Crawley%22&source=web&ots=mn5pa3SiDe&sig=FchROnbsAi3YcvIY78911tdYO2A&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPA150,M1 Plantagenet Roll: Clarence Volume] p. 150. Originally published: London : T.C.& E.C. Jack, 1905. Reprinted by Genealogical Publishing Com, 1994. Retrieved 10 December 2008</ref> Her granddaughter Anstice Katharine Gibbs married a Crawley cousin (Arthur Stafford <mask>) in 1903, and was mother of <mask> <mask>. Anstice's brother was 1st Baron Wraxall, while close relatives patrilineally were the Lords Aldenham and Hunsdon (now united as of 1939). Notes

References
Daily Telegraph, 14/06/67

Photograph of

masks:
Crawley
Crawley
Crawley
Crawley
Matilda Crawley
Crawley
Aidan Merivale
Crawley


texts:
 <mask>ley down the page. Virginia Cowles, German Wikipedia (in German).<mask> from CricketArchive
"After the flood: England witness a triumph of the spirit in Sri Lanka" The Independent, 18 December 2007. Describes Harriet Ayer's efforts to build a memorial to her husband, and relates some of the family tragedies. External links

 Crawley ancestry can be found at the following sources:
 the Plantagenet Roll: Clarence Volume
 the 1895 issue of Debrett's Peerage (archived online). Descendants of the Conqueror: Clarence 25. This shows all the descendants of the <mask>-Boevey baronets, starting with the 2nd Baronet and his brothers. Retrieved 10 December 2008. Rev.Arthur Stafford <mask> (1876-1948), Canon of Windsor, information in the National Archives. Further reading
<mask>. Leap before you look: a memoir'', (HarperCollins Publishers Ltd, 7 April 1988)

1908 births
1993 deaths
20th-century biographers
20th-century American historians
20th-century American male writers
Alumni of Trinity College, Oxford
British World War II fighter pilots
British World War II prisoners of war
British reporters and correspondents
British sportsperson-politicians
Buckinghamshire cricketers
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
English biographers
English cricketers
English television executives
Free Foresters cricketers
Gentlemen cricketers
ITN
Kent cricketers
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for constituencies in Derbyshire
Ministers in the

masks:
Aidan Craw
Aidan Crawley
Crawley
Crawley
Aidan Crawley


texts:
 Attlee governments, 1945–1951
Oxford University cricketers
People educated at Harrow School
Presidents of the Marylebone Cricket Club
UK MPs 1945–1950
UK MPs 1950–1951
UK MPs 1959–1964
UK MPs 1964–1966
UK MPs 1966–1970
World War II prisoners of war held by Germany
People from Benenden
Royal Air Force pilots of World War II
Shot-down aviators
20th-century English businesspeople
American male non-fiction


texts:
<mask> (September 28, 1929 – November 17, 2018) was an American dancer and actress who was a member of the Katherine Dunham Company, and the first African American ballerina to perform with the Paris Opera Ballet. Credited as <mask>, she had roles in the Broadway musicals Mr. Wonderful, Shinbone Alley, and was an original cast member of West Side Story. <mask> also appeared in the Off-Broadway productions of Carmen Jones and Porgy and Bess. At the peak of her career, she left Broadway to marry jazz musician <mask>. Life and career

Early life
<mask> was born on September 28, 1929 in Chicago, Illinois. <mask> grew up in the Rosenwald Courts in Chicago.Her father worked at the post office. She began dancing classical ballet at the age of 8, and by the age of 16 she was performing Swan Lake. Her instructor encouraged her to audition for the Edna McRae School of the Dance where she became the only African American student. While attending the school, <mask> met dancer and choreographer Katherine Dunham who offered her a scholarship to study dance at the Katherine Dunham Company. <mask> finished high school then briefly attended college, but decided to pursue a dancing career instead. Career
<mask> joined the Katherine Dunham Company, where she was taught by Walter Nicks. She trained and toured extensively with the dance company in Europe and South America.In 1948, <mask> was recruited for a special presentation to perform with the Paris Opera Ballet, becoming the first African American to be invited to perform with the ballet company. <mask> received rave reviews from the press for her performances in Paris. She was compared to French ballet dancer Leslie Caron. She performed with Benny Goodman at the London Palladium. While in London, <mask> rehearsed with Sadler's Wells Ballet. In 1953, <mask> was asked

masks:
Frances Taylor Davis
Elizabeth Taylor
Taylor
Miles Davis
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor


texts: by <mask> Jr. to appear as his girlfriend in his ill-fated ABC television show, Three for the Road — with the Will Mastin Trio. They had met at Ciro's nightclub where she was performing with the Katherine Dunham dance troupe.The show was about struggling musicians, not the usual stereotypical portrayals of African Americans during that time. The cast included actresses Ruth Attaway and Jane White, and Frederick O'Neal who founded the American Negro Theater. They filmed a pilot in the fall of 1953, but the network couldn't get a sponsor, so the show was postponed and eventually dropped. In 1954, <mask> rejoined the Katherine Dunham dance troupe as one of Dunham's lead dancers for engagements in Rome. <mask> relocated to New York City to act on Broadway. She was credited as <mask> because there was already an actress named <mask>, so she used her middle name. <mask> appeared in the Off-Broadway productions of Porgy and Bess and Carmen Jones at New York City Center.She appeared in the three Broadway musicals: Mr. Wonderful, Shinbone Alley, and West Side Story. On the opening night of West Side Story in September 1957, <mask> received the company's "gypsy robe" for being the outstanding dancer in the cast. In April 1958, it was reported by Jet magazine that <mask> quit the production to pursue a singing-dancing career, but <mask> later revealed that she was dating jazz musician <mask> who forced her to quit the production in March 1958. According to <mask>, <mask> told her "a woman should be with her man. I want you out of West Side Story." In 1959, <mask> allowed <mask> to conduct her own dancing classes for awhile.Her students included Julie Robinson, who was a Dunham trouper and the wife of actor Harry Belafonte, and Edna Mae Robinson, who was a chorine and the wife of boxer Sugar Ray Robinson. When

masks:
Sammy Davis
Taylor
Taylor
Elizabeth Taylor
Frances Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Miles Davis
Taylor
Davis
Davis
Taylor


texts:
 <mask> married <mask> in December 1959, he prevented her from working which hindered her career. Choreographer Jerome Robbins who <mask> had worked with in the Broadway musical West Side Story asked <mask> if she could appear in the film West Side Story (1961); he refused. <mask> Jr. approached <mask> about <mask> appearing in the musical Golden Boy (1964); again he refused. Following her split from <mask> in 1965, <mask> taught private dance classes, appeared in television specials with performers such as Elvis Presley, and had a role as the maid in the film The Party (1968). After <mask> retired, she became a restaurant hostess in Los Angeles. She worked at Hamburger Hamlet, Roy's Restaurant, Le Dome, and Chasen's.Personal life
<mask> first met <mask> when she was dancing at Ciro's nightclub in Los Angeles in 1953. When she traveled back to Chicago, <mask> was also in town for gigs. <mask> introduced <mask> to her family and he asked her father for her hand in marriage to which he said, "No." <mask> also rejected his proposal. Instead, <mask> married Jean-Marie Durand in Mexico City in 1955 where they were both performing. Durand was of Haitian descent and also a member of the Katherine Dunham's dance troupe; they met in Argentina in 1954. Following the marriage, she left the troupe and gave birth to a son, Jean-Pierre Durand.After <mask> separated from her husband, she ran into <mask> in New York City in 1957 and he told her, "Now that I've found you, I'll never let you go." <mask> and <mask> were married in Toledo, Ohio on December 21, 1959. She became his muse, influencing his change in musical direction. He wrote the song for her called "Fran Dance" on his album Jazz Track (1959). Her role in the musical Porgy and Bess inspired his album Porgy and Bess (1959). His album Sketches of Spain (1960)

masks:
Taylor
Davis
Taylor
Davis
Sammy Davis
Davis
Taylor
Davis
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Davis
Davis
Taylor
Davis
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Davis
Taylor
Davis


texts:
 was inspired by a flamenco performance <mask> insisted they attend. <mask> also put <mask> on the cover of multiple albums, including Someday My Prince Will Come (1961).However, their marriage was marred by domestic violence. <mask> became increasingly violent towards <mask> as his cocaine addiction and alcohol abuse worsened. "Every time I hit her, I felt bad because a lot of it really wasn’t her fault but had to do with me being temperamental and jealous," <mask> wrote in his 1990 memoir Miles: The Autobiography. Shortly after <mask> and <mask> were photographed together for the cover of his album E.S.P. (1965), she fled from him and went to stay with her friend, singer Nancy Wilson in California. <mask> filed for divorce in 1966; it was finalized in 1968. She was one of the interviewees for the documentary Miles Davis: Birth of the Cool; it was released posthumously in 2019.<mask> had a relationship with George Barrie, CEO of Fabergé. In 1990, <mask> filed a lawsuit charging her long-time friend Eartha Kitt with assault and battery. <mask> alleged that Kitt attacked her after they had drinks at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel. Death
<mask> died at the age of 89 on November 17, 2018. She was survived by her son Jean-Pierre Durand, step-daughter <mask>, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren. Filmography

Stage

References

External links

<mask> on IBDB
<mask> on Playbill
<mask> on Broadway World
<mask>: Her Story - Life before & after Miles

1929 births
2018 deaths
Actresses from Chicago
American female dancers
Paris Opera Ballet dancers
African-American ballet dancers
American musical theatre actresses
African-American choreographers
American women choreographers
American choreographers
American ballerinas
Dancers from Illinois
Muses
African-American women musicians
20th-century American ballet

masks:
Taylor
Davis
Taylor
Davis
Taylor
Davis
Taylor
Davis
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Cheryl Davis
Elizabeth Taylor
Elizabeth Taylor
Elizabeth Taylor
Frances Davis


texts:
<mask> (May 29, 1930 – December 27, 2010) was an American Noahide scholar who directed archaeological searches for biblical artifacts such as the Ark of the Covenant. Biography
<mask> was born in Sudan, Texas. He received his bachelor's degree in divinity, and a master's degree in theology from the Baptist Bible College also studying at the Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, He later took advanced studies at the Bowen Biblical Museum under Dr. & Mrs. William Bowen and Biblical Archaeologist, W.F. Albright. Between 1955 and 1956, <mask> was pastor of the Dungan Chapel Baptist Church located on the border of Virginia and North Carolina. <mask> came to believe that many apparently anti-Jewish statements in the gospels were "omitted in more ancient manuscripts" basing this claim on the "marginal notes" of an unidentified Bible. In October 1956, <mask> resigned the pastorate and moved to Greenville, South Carolina where he began his studies in the Talmud-Torah (a children's elementary religious school) under Rabbi Henry Barneis.This education was augmented by learning with the late Rabbi Max Stauber of Spartanburg. As his knowledge increased, so did the realization that all of his earlier studies had been very incomplete. <mask> eventually developed a distinctive religious outlook which was based on the Noahide Laws. This stresses the need for gentiles to follow the moral laws that Noah lived by, while Jews should continue to follow the Mosaic Law. Continuing his studies, <mask> lectured for the Biblical Research Society from 1964 to 1967. He then established the Judaic-Christian Research Foundation, which later gave birth to the Institute of Judaic-Christian Research (IJCR), which has now become Vendyl Jones Research Institutes. In 1964, the Journal of Near Eastern Studies reported the 1952 discovery of the Marble Tablets in Beirut, Lebanon.That same year the Copper Scroll was found in Cave #3 at Qumran, West Bank, which listed

masks:
Vendyl Miller Jones
Vendyl
Jones
Vendyl
Jones
Jones
Vendyl


texts:
 the hiding places of 64 sacred articles which included the Tabernacle and the Ark of the Covenant. Move to Israel
In April 1967, <mask> moved his family to Israel to continue his studies in the Department of Judaica at Hebrew University. Here, <mask> became involved in the archaeological aspects of Israel. He aided the Israeli army during the Six-Day War. His assistance was in the role of being a spotter, since his color-blindness allowed him to spot camouflage. After the Six-Day War, he was on the Steckoll/Haas excavation team at Qumran, authorized by the Jordanian Department of Antiquities before the war. Shortly thereafter, Vendyl's excavations were continued under Israeli authority through the status quo Law.In the years following, <mask> continued to work in the Judean wilderness with his friend and mentor, the late Pessah Bar-Adon. <mask> also worked at Tel Debir (Kiryat HaSefer) with Professor Moshe Kohavi and Anson Rainey; the University of Tel Aviv and the Citadel of Herod the Great in Jerusalem with Professor Hillel Geva. After 1972, Vendyl conducted eight excavations at Qumran, involving over 300 volunteers and funded by individual supporters of VJRI. There has been no support nor funding from the government, foundations, or grants. <mask>'s methods, claims and qualifications have been disputed by academics such as Joe Zias and Robert Elliot Friedman, and <mask> has been denied digging permits by the Israeli authorities. In 1988 an excavation team led by <mask> found a small Herodian period jug in a cave near Qumran containing what was possibly balsamic oil, a type of oil which may have been used to anoint some Israelite kings. <mask> stated that this was the original balm of Gilead.This was originally considered to be genuine and was publicised in the media. In the 1992 excavation, the VJRI team announced the discovery of a hidden silo in the bedrock that contained a reddish snuff-looking material that appeared to be

masks: Jones Jones Jones Jones Jones Jones Jones Jones


texts:
 organic in nature. It was analyzed by Zohar Amar of Bar-Ilan University who noted that "According to <mask>, the site where the red material was found corresponds exactly to the description of the ‘‘Cave of the Column” referred to in the Copper Scroll." Amar criticises <mask> for being selective with his data, omitting material that challenges his claims. He concludes that the substance found by <mask> "is a cleaning material known in the ancient Hebrew as "borit" [lye] which was produced in this region by the inhabitants of Qumran and was one of their industries." <mask> believed his archaeology to have eschatological significance, and that when he found the ancient religious items he was looking for, God would be revealed to the world, all Jews will return to Israel, and there would be peace in the Middle East. Also, Israeli democracy will be replaced by a Sanhedrin, not unlike the group that was formed by various Israeli rabbis in 2004, and with which <mask> was closely associated.In May 2005, it was reported that he had consulted with Kabbalists and that he believed he would find the Ark of the Covenant by August 14, 2005, the anniversary of the destruction of the Jerusalem Temple. However, as the date approached and passed he claimed that this was a misquote. He then hoped that a drill-hole bore would reveal the Ark's location in September, but was prevented from proceeding due to lack of funds and the need for another environmental study required by the government. Noahide Movement
Vendyl <mask> was active in the Noahide movement, also known as Bnei Noach. While attempting to find or grow a Red heifer in order to revive the ancient temple rituals, <mask> was an active member in the 2004 attempt to revive the Sanhedrin along with Rabbi Yisrael Ariel head of The Temple Institute, and later worked with the President of the Sanhedrin Rabbi Adin Steinzaltz. Following this the "Sanhedrin Institute for Noahide Development" was

masks: Jones Jones Jones Jones Jones Jones Jones


texts:
 established, with Vendyl leading it on behalf of the Noahides and Yeshayahu Hollander for the Sanhedrin. This movement was prominent in a court case brought before the Sanhedrin, where a German Noahide settler was living in a contested settlement near Susya, Har Hevron and being evicted due to complaints by the Jewish settlers from nearby Bet Yatir, along with complaints by Arab former cave inhabitants in the vicinity who had been evicted.A Jewish convert and former Noahide Yakov Talia (formerly Jacobs Johannes from South-Africa) living in a nearby farm was summoned to intervene and support the settler, and although the Jewish settlers abstained from continued actions, the Israeli courts had the settlement dismantled. It was also instrumental in the Sanhedrin's attempt to solve the conflict between Iran and Israel, and The Sanhedrin's attempt to unify between the Bedouins of Israel and the Israeli Jews. After his passing, the Noahide Nations organization, with the permission of his wife <mask>, created the Vendyl Jones Scholarship Fund. <mask>
<mask> also claimed to have been the subject of a movie script that was circulated in Hollywood, and which he claimed inspired the character of <mask>. He dedicates a chapter to the subject in his book A Door of Hope: My Search for the Treasures of the Copper Scroll stating he never claimed to be the basis for Indiana Jones. He states, "I cannot help that my name is <mask> and that I happen to be looking for, among other things, the Ark... Admittedly, I have enjoyed the notoriety that the film created.. however I want to make it clear once and for all, that I have never stood up and declared, 'I am the real <mask>.'"According to the story, a certain Randolph Fillmore, who had been on one of <mask>'s digs, wrote the first draft for Raiders of the Lost Ark; <mask> became "Endy", then "Indy". According to the now defunct Vendyl Jones website: "In 1977, a young man volunteered for one of our

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Anita Jones
Indiana Jones
Jones
Indiana Jones
Jones
Indiana Jones
Jones
Vendyl


texts:
 archaeological digs. His name was Randy Filmore. He wrote a screenplay based on <mask>'s experiences and titled it "The Search for the Ashes of the Red Heifer." Upon returning to the States, Randy contacted <mask> with the news that he'd found representation for his script in Hollywood. To this day, <mask> has not heard from Filmore. When <mask> recounts this story to the press, they often misinterpret it as a claim by <mask> that he and Indy are the same."However, accounts of the making of the film flatly contradict this. Philip Kaufman and George Lucas came up with the idea of an archaeologist hunting for the Ark, while Indiana was the name of Lucas's Alaskan Malamute. The character was to be named Indiana Smith after Nevada Smith (Steve McQueen's character in the eponymous film), and this was changed to Indiana Jones by Steven Spielberg. In his book he adds, "did Fillmore's script make its way to the West Coast and into the hands of a producer who showed it to Kaufman? Did it cross the desk of Spielberg or Lucas? I really don't know, nor do I care." More recently, the FAQ section of <mask>'s web page has stated that, "It may be hard to believe but Vendyl has no connection with the popular motion picture character [<mask>].He has never received any money from the producers of the movie. And he's never asked." (dead link)

Other men more frequently identified as the inspiration for <mask> are Hiram Bingham III, Colonel Percy Fawcett and Roy Chapman Andrews. A Smithsonian Channel analysis concludes that the similarities to these men was indirect, with explorers like these serving as the model for heroes in adventure films of the 1940s and 1950s, which inspired writers like Lucas. Works
In 1983, Vendyl published Will the Real Jesus Please Stand?. The book covers material he had previously released on cassette tapes addressing seven riddles of Israel and the Messiah. In 2005 the book A Door of Hope: My Search for the Treasures of

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Vendyl
Vendyl
Vendyl
Vendyl
Vendyl
Jones
Indiana Jones
Indiana Jones


texts:
 the Copper Scroll was published.In it, <mask> discusses his childhood, move to Israel and digs for archaeological artifacts. He ends with stating that although he may not have found the lost ark, he found camaraderie with his co-workers and volunteers stating "...my search for the treasures of the Copper Scroll has allowed me to learn from some of the finest minds driven by the biggest hearts... maybe I found what I was seeking." (page 226)

While running the Institute for Judaic-Christian Research, he published a newsletter, The Researcher, which went out to his supporters. Death
On December 27, 2010, <mask> died from throat cancer. His funeral took place in Grandview, Texas. News Items and Interviews
 Real 'Raiders of the lost Ark - BBC News
 son bir haber
 Kabbalist Blesses <mask>: Now's the Time to Find Holy Lost Ark - Arutz Sheva
 [hakikathaber.com Hakikat Haber]
 Israel News Radio (dead link)
 The People: A Million a Minute - Time
 Quest: The Search for the Ark of the Covenant  (documentary film) - IMDB
 The Strange Search for the Ashes of the Red Heifer - The Biblical Archaeologist, 1996 The Biblical Archaeologist
 Searching for Biblical Treasure - Radio interview with George Noony Coast to Coast
 Interview with Vendyl <mask> Jones's Search For The Lost Ark - Associated Press (Video)
 From the Pulpits of Tennessee to the Desert of Israel: Legacy of Spiritual Maverick Vendyl <mask> Lives On - Breaking Israel News
 Masquerader of The Lost Ark: Is a renegade Texas archaeologist the real <mask>? - Texas Monthly, 1992
 "Finding the Lost Ark" by David Margolis

References

External links
 "Seeker of the Lost Ark"
 Vendyl <mask> website (now defunct, link to archive.org version)

1930 births
2010 deaths
Biblical archaeologists
American archaeologists
American explorers
Noahides
People from Lamb County, Texas
American Christian religious leaders
Dead Sea Scrolls
Deaths from throat cancer
Deaths from cancer in Texas
American

masks:
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jonesyl
Jones
Indiana Jones
Jones


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Lieutenant Colonel <mask>,  (15 November 1915 – 4 November 1990) was a Scottish officer in the British Army, mountaineer, and the founder of the Special Air Service. He saw active service during the Second World War. Life before the war
<mask> was born at his family's ancestral home, Keir House, in the parish of Lecropt, Perthshire. He was the son of Brigadier General <mask>, of Keir, and Margaret Fraser, daughter of Simon Fraser, the Lord Lovat (a descendant of Charles II, King of Scots); hence Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat was a first cousin. His paternal grandparents were Sir <mask>, 9th Baronet and Lady Anna Maria Leslie-Melville. He was educated at the Catholic boarding school Ampleforth College, but attended only a year at Trinity College, Cambridge before departing to Paris to become an artist. A tall  with an athletic figure, <mask> was training to climb Mount Everest when World War II broke out.Second World War and the founding of the SAS
<mask> was commissioned into the Scots Guards from Ampleforth College Contingent Officer Training Corps on 24 July 1937. In June 1940, he volunteered for the new No. 8 (Guards) Commando under Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Laycock, which became part of Force Z (later named "Layforce"). On 1 February 1941, Layforce sailed for the Middle East, in support of the capture of Rhodes, but were soon disbanded after suffering heavy casualties in the Battle of Crete and the Battle of the Litani River. <mask> remained convinced that due to the mechanised nature of war, a small team of highly trained soldiers with the advantage of surprise could attack several targets from the desert in a single night. In a documentary about the founding of the SAS (SAS Rogue Warrior season 1, episode 2 10:01), <mask> - <mask>’s nephew - stated that <mask> was dyslexic, which allowed him to view things differently than more conventional army commanders. Believing that taking his idea up the chain of command was unlikely to work, <mask> decided to go straight to the top.On crutches following

masks:
Sir Archibald David Stirling
Stirling
Archibald Stirling
William Stirling Maxwell
Stirling
Stirling
Stirling
Archie Stirling
David
David
Stirling


texts: a parachuting accident, he stealthily entered Middle East headquarters in Cairo (under, through, or over a fence) in an effort to see Commander-in-Chief General Claude Auchinleck. Spotted by guards, <mask> abandoned his crutches and entered the building, only to come face-to-face with an officer with whom he had previously fallen out. Retreating rapidly, he entered the office of the deputy chief of staff General Ritchie. <mask> explained his plan to Ritchie, immediately after which Ritchie persuaded Auchinleck to allow <mask> to form a new special operations unit. The unit was given the deliberately misleading name "L Detachment, Special Air Service Brigade" to reinforce Dudley Clarke's deception of a parachute brigade existing in North Africa. <mask>'s new special operations unit were, at the outset, short of equipment (particularly tents and related gear) when they set up base at Kibrit Air Base. The first operation of the new SAS was to relieve a nearby well-equipped New Zealand regiment of various supplies including: tents; bedding; tables; chairs; and even a piano.After at least four trips, they had a well stocked camp. After only a brief period of training, an initial attempt at attacking a German airfield by parachute landing on 16 November 1941 in support of Operation Crusader proved to be disastrous for the unit. Of the original 55 men, some 34 were killed, wounded or captured far from the target, after being blown off course or landing in the wrong area, during one of the biggest storms to hit the area. Escaping only with the help of the Long Range Desert Group (LRDG) - who were designated to pick up the unit after the attack - <mask> agreed that approaching by land under the cover of night would be safer and more effective than parachuting. As quickly as possible he organised raids on ports using this simple method, often bluffing through checkpoints at night using the language skills of some of his soldiers. Under <mask>'s leadership, the Lewes bomb - the first hand-held dual explosive

masks: Stirling Stirling Stirling Stirling Stirling Stirling


texts: and incendiary device - was invented by Jock Lewes. American Jeeps, which were able to deal with the harsh desert terrain better than other transport, were cut down, adapted and fitted with Vickers K machine guns fore and aft.<mask> also pioneered the use of small groups to escape detection. Finding it difficult to lead from the rear, <mask> often led from the front, his SAS units driving through enemy airfields to shoot up aircraft and crew, replacing the early operational strategy of attaching bombs to enemy aircraft on foot. The first Jeep-borne airfield raid occurred soon after acquiring the first batch of Jeeps in June 1942, when <mask>'s SAS group attacked the Italian-held Bagush airfield along with two other Axis airfields all in the same night. After returning to Cairo, <mask> collected a consignment of more Jeeps for further airfield raids. His biggest success was on the night of 26–27 July 1942 when his SAS squadron, armed with 18 jeeps, raided the Sidi Haneish landing strip and destroyed 37 Axis aircraft  (mostly bombers and heavy transport) for the loss of one man killed. After a drive through the desert whilst evading enemy patrols and aircraft, <mask> and his men reached the safety of their advance camp at Qaret Tartura on the edge of the Qattara Depression. These hit-and-run operations eventually proved <mask>'s undoing; he was captured by the Germans in January 1943 having been dubbed "The Phantom Major" by Field Marshal Erwin Rommel.Although <mask>  escaped his capture by the Germans, he was subsequently re-captured by the Italians, who took great delight in the embarrassment this caused to their German allies. A further four escape attempts were made, before <mask> was finally sent to Colditz Castle, where he remained for the rest of the war. He arrived on 20 August 1944 and was given the task of setting up the Colditz British Intelligence Unit. After his capture Paddy Mayne took command of the SAS. In North Africa, in the fifteen months before <mask>'s capture, the SAS had

masks: Stirling Stirling Stirling Stirling Stirling Stirling Stirling Stirling Stirling


texts:
 destroyed over 250 aircraft on the ground, dozens of supply dumps, wrecked railways and telecommunications, and had put hundreds of enemy vehicles out of action. Field Marshal Montgomery described <mask> as "mad, quite mad" but believed that men like <mask> were needed in time of war. Private military company
Worried that Britain was losing its power after the war, <mask> organised deals to provide British weapons and military personnel to other countries, like Saudi Arabia, for various privatised foreign policy operations.Along with several associates, <mask> formed Watchguard International Ltd, formerly with offices in Sloane Street (where the Chelsea Hotel later opened) before moving to South Audley Street in Mayfair. Business was chiefly with the Gulf States. He was linked, along with Denys Rowley, to a failed attempt to overthrow the Libyan ruler Muammar Gaddafi in 1970 or 1971. <mask> was the founder of private military company KAS International, also known as KAS Enterprises. Watchguard International Ltd was a private military company, registered in Jersey in 1965 by <mask> and John Woodhouse. Woodhouse's first assignment was to go to Yemen to report on the state of the royalist forces when a cease-fire was declared. At the same time <mask> was cultivating his contacts in the Iranian government and exploring the chances of obtaining work in Africa.The company operated in Zambia and in Sierra Leone, providing training teams and advising on security matters, but its founders' maverick ways of doing business caused its eventual downfall. Woodhouse resigned as Director of Operations after a series of disagreements and <mask> ceased to take an active part in 1972. Great Britain 75
In mid-1970s, <mask> became increasingly worried that an "undemocratic event" would occur and decided to take action. He created an organisation called Great Britain 75 and recruited members from the aristocratic clubs in Mayfair; these were mainly ex-military men, and often former SAS members. The plan was that in the


texts:
 event of civil unrest resulting in the breakdown of normal Government operations, they would take over its running. He described this in detail in an interview from 1974, part of which is featured in Adam Curtis's documentary The Mayfair Set, episode 1: "Who Pays Wins". In August 1974, before <mask> was ready to go public with GB75, the pacifist magazine Peace News obtained and published his plans, and eventually <mask> – dismayed by the right-wing character of many of those seeking to join GB75 – abandoned the scheme.His biographer Alan Hoe rebutted the newspaper's disparaging portrayal of <mask> as a rightist 'Colonel Blimp'. Undermining trade unionism
During the mid to late 1970s, <mask> created a secret organisation designed to undermine trade unionism from within. He recruited like-minded individuals from within the trade union movement, with the express intention that they should cause as much trouble during conferences as permissible. One such member was Kate Losinska, who was Head of the Civil and Public Services Association. Funding for this "operation" came primarily from his friend Sir James Goldsmith. Later life
Transferred to the Regular Army Reserve of Officers in 1947, <mask> was granted the honorary rank of lieutenant colonel, a rank he retained on his retirement in 1965. <mask> was the founder of the Capricorn Africa Society, a society for promoting an Africa free from racial discrimination.Founded in 1949, while Africa was still under colonial rule, it had its high point at the 1956 Salima Conference. However, because of his emphasis on a qualified and highly elitist voting franchise, similar to Disraeli's "fancy franchises", educated Africans were divided on it. Consequently, the society's attempt to deal with the problem of different levels of social development in a non-racial way was ineffective, although it received a surprising validation when the South African Communist Party used <mask>'s multi-racial elitist model for its 1955 "Congress Alliance" when taking over the

masks: Stirling Stirling Stirling Stirling Stirling Stirling Stirling


texts:
 African National Congress of South Africa. <mask> resigned as Chairman of the Society in 1959. That year his younger brother William incurred huge gambling debts and was obliged to note to casino owner John Aspinall - I owe you £173,500 in the accountant's ledger. One night in 1967, he lost a further £150,000. In 1968, he won substantial damages in libel against Len Deighton, among others.Honours
<mask> was awarded the Distinguished Service Order in recognition of gallant and distinguished service in the Middle East on 24 February 1942, appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in recognition of gallant and distinguished service in the field on 14 November 1946 and appointed a Knight Bachelor in the 1990 New Year Honours for services to the military. In 2002 the SAS memorial, a statue of <mask> standing on a rock, was unveiled on the Hill of Row near his family's estate at Park of Keir. Two bronze plaques were stolen from the statue sometime around the end of May 2014. The current Laird of the Keir estate is his nephew <mask>, a millionaire businessman and former Scots Guards officer. See also
List of French paratrooper units

References

Further reading
 Significant Scots: biography of Sir <mask>
 Virginia Cowles. The Phantom Major: The Story of <mask> and the SAS Regiment (Collins, 1958)
 Gavin Mortimer. Stirling's Men: The inside history of the SAS in World War Two (Cassell, 2004)
 Gavin Mortimer.<mask>'s Desert Triumph: The SAS Egyptian Airfield Raids 1942; Osprey Raid Series #49 (Osprey Publishing, 2015)

1915 births
1990 deaths
People from Perthshire
British Army personnel of World War II
Scottish Roman Catholics
Prisoners of war held at Colditz Castle
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Knights Bachelor
Lecropt
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People educated at Ampleforth College
Scots Guards officers
Special Air Service officers
British Army Commandos officers
Place of death missing
British World War II prisoners of war
World War II prisoners of war

masks:
Stirling
Stirling
Stirling
Archie Stirling
David Stirling
David Stirling
Stirling


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<mask> (2 May 1917 – 3 March 1982) was an Irish hurler. His career included stints with club sides Valley Rovers, Ballinhassig and Cooley Kickhams, while he was also a five-time All-Ireland Championship winner with the Cork senior hurling team. After impressing at junior club level, <mask> was drafted onto the Cork senior team in 1941. From his debut, he quickly developed a midfield partnership with Jack Lynch and made 19 championship appearances in a career that ended with his last game in 1947. During that time <mask> was part of five All-Ireland Championship-winning teams, including Cork's record-breaking four titles in-a-row between 1941 and 1944. He also secured five Munster Championship medals. Playing career

Cooley Kickhams

During his studies with the Rosminian Order in Dundalk, <mask> came to prominence as a Gaelic footballer when he joined the Cooley Kickhams club.He won a county senior championship medal with the club in 1939 after lining out at right wing-forward in the 3-13 to 1-06 defeat of Newtown Blues. Valley Rovers

On returning to Cork, <mask> joined the Innishannon-based Valley Rovers club. He enjoyed his greatest success when the club claimed the 1941 South East Junior Championship, with <mask> being described as a "shining light" in the 5-07 to 5-03 victory over Tracton. <mask> also briefly lined out with the Ballinhassig club. Cork

<mask> was added to the Cork senior hurling panel in advance of the 1941 Munster Championship and was described in the Irish Press as being "the best young hurler Cork has produced for many a day." He made his debut on 14 September 1941 when he lined out at centre-back in Cork's 8-10 to 3-02 defeat of Limerick and was described as having "lived up to expectations." <mask> retained his position at centre-back for the All-Ireland final against Dublin on 28 September 1941.He ended the game with his first All-Ireland medal after the 5-11 to 0-06 victory. <mask> ended the season by lining out in Cork's 5-04 to 2-05 defeat by Tipperary in the delayed Munster final. <mask> lined out in

masks:
Cornelius Cottrell
Cottrell
Cottrell
Cottrell
Cottrell
Cottrell
Cottrell
Cottrell
Cottrell
Cottrell
Cottrell


texts: his second Munster final the following year, with Cork claiming the title after a 4-15 to 4-01 defeat of Tipperary. He was dropped from the starting fifteen in favour of Alan Lotty for the subsequent All-Ireland final against Dublin but was eventually listed amongst the reserves when it had looked like he would miss the game altogether. <mask> remained as an unused substitute throughout the game, but collected his second successive winners' medal after a 2-14 to 3-04 victory. Restored to the starting fifteen for the 1943 Munster Championship, <mask> won his second provincial winners' medal after a 2-13 to 3-08 victory over Waterford in the final. He was later included as midfield partner to Jack Lynch for the All-Ireland final against Antrim and scored two points on the way to his third successive All-Ireland winners' medal after the 5-16 to 0-04 victory.<mask> claimed a third successive Munster Championship winners' medal after a 4-06 to 3-06 victory over Limerick in the 1944 Munster final replay. On 3 September 1944, he again partnered Jack Lynch at midfield in a second successive All-Ireland final and Cork's fourth successive appearance in the decider overall. <mask> scored a point from play and ended the 2-13 to 1-02 victory over Dublin by becoming one of a select group of players to have won four successive All-Ireland medals. After failing to secure a fifth successive title in 1945, <mask> won a fourth provincial championship winners' medal after lining out at midfield in the 3-08 to 1-03 defeat of Limerick in the 1946 Munster final. For the fifth time in six seasons, he lined out in the subsequent All-Ireland final with Kilkenny providing the opposition. <mask> claimed a fifth All-Ireland winners' medal after playing at midfield in the 7-05 to 3-08 victory. <mask> missed Cork's first two games of the 1947 Munster Championship but claimed a fifth winners' medal after being restored to midfield for the 2-06 to 2-03 defeat of Limerick in the final.He was again at midfield for his sixth All-Ireland final appearance on 7

masks: Cottrell Cottrell Cottrell Cottrell Cottrell Cottrell Cottrell


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 September 1947, but ended the game on the losing side after the 0-14 to 2-07 defeat by Kilkenny in what is regarded as one of the greatest games of all time. This was <mask>'s final championship appearance for Cork as his ordination to the priesthood rule him out of any further inter-county activity. Munster

<mask> was first selected for the Munster team during the 1944 Railway Cup. He claimed his first winners' medal that year after lining out at left wing-back in Munster's 4-10 to 4-04 defeat of Connacht in the final. <mask> claimed a second successive Railway Cup medal the following year after playing at midfield in Munster's 6-08 to 2-00 victory over Ulster in the final. Personal life

<mask> entered the Rosminian Order at the age of 18 in 1935 and was ordained to the priesthood in 1947. He worked for a number of years at St. Patrick's Industrial School in Upton and later became Superior at St. Joseph's Industrial School near Clonmel.As superior of St. Joseph's School for the Blind in Drumcondra, he was instrumental in developing services for the welfare of the blind and partially sighted and in setting up workshops for the blind. After an illness, <mask> returned to St. Patrick's in Upton in the early 1970s and established a residential centre for adults with special needs. He returned to Dublin for a short period to continue his work for the blind but remained in poor health. On 3 March 1982, <mask> died aged 64 at the Regional Hospital in Cork. He was survived by his two brothers and a sister. Honours

Cooley Kickhams
Louth Senior Football Championship (1): 1939

Valley Rovers
South East Junior A Hurling Championship (1): 1941

Cork
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (5): 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1946
Munster Senior Hurling Championship (5): 1942, 1943, 1944, 1946, 1947

Munster
Railway Cup (2): 1944, 1945

References

1917 births
1982 deaths
Ballinhassig hurlers
Valley Rovers hurlers
Cooley Kickhams Gaelic footballers
Cork inter-county hurlers
Munster inter-provincial hurlers
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship

masks: Cottrell Cottrell Cottrell Cottrell Cottrell Cottrell


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<mask> (born La Hamaide, (Hainaut, Belgium), 27 March 1796; died Paris, 27 February 1855) was a Belgian Jesuit, composer and palaeographer of Church music, associated with the restoration of Gregorian music, which he inaugurated and promoted by his scientific researches and publications. Early life
<mask> was born at La Hamaide, near Charleroi and began studying solfège, piano, and harmony at the age of seven. At the age of fifteen, he became organist in Charleroi; later he went in a similar capacity to Dinant (Belgium). In 1820 he was appointed choirmaster and organist of the Jesuit College of Saint-Acheul, Amiens. While exercising these functions he also studied the classics, and at the end of five years, in August, 1825, he entered the Society of Jesus. The thirty years of his Jesuit life were spent successively in the colleges of Saint-Acheul, Fribourg, Estavayer, Brugelette and Vaugirard (Paris). While occupied in teaching and directing music, he gave himself up more entirely to composition, with a view to enhance both the religious ceremonies and the academic entertainments in those newly founded colleges.His powers of composition were checked by the limited ability of his performers, his orchestra, like his chorus, being entirely recruited from the ranks of the students; nevertheless he provided new music for almost every occasion, producing in the course of time, besides his volumes of canticles, a large number of motets, short oratorios, masses and secular cantatas, mostly for four-part chorus and orchestra. This music became popular, especially in educational institutions. Late in life Lambillotte regretted having published those written improvisations without taking time to revise them. After his death a revision of the greater part of them was made and published

masks:
Louis Lambillotte
Louis Lambillotte


texts:
 (Paris, 1870) by his pupil, Jesuit Father Camille de la Croix, and by <mask>, organist of St. Sulpice, Paris, and afterwards of St. Francis Xavier, New York. He received some piano lessons from César Franck at Immaculate Conception college, and in turn taught Franck about plainchant. Work on Gregorian chant
Corrupt versions of Gregorian chant had been in use for several centuries. As a practical guide towards a radical restoration the Abbot of Solesmes Dom Guéranger, in his Institutions Liturgiques, had laid down the principle that "when a large number of manuscripts of various epochs and from different countries agree in the version of a chant, it may be affirmed that those MSS.undoubtedly give us the phrase of St. Gregory." Acting upon this principle, Lambillotte for many years gathered and compared all the documents that were to be found in the Jesuit houses. He next undertook to visit and re-visit almost every country of Europe, exploring libraries, secular as well as monastic, in search of the most ancient MSS. and all treatises bearing on the history or the theory of the chant. In the library of the former Benedictine Abbey of St. Gall in Switzerland, he found himself in presence of what seems to be the most authentic Gregorian manuscript in existence, i.e. a transcription from the original Antiphonarium of St. Gregory, thought to have been brought from Rome to St. Gall by the monk Romanus in the closing years of the eighth century.This volume of 131 pages of old parchment, the ivory binding of which depicts ancient Etruscan sculptures, contains all the Graduals, the Alleluias, and the Tracts of the whole year, in the ancient neumatic notation (a sort of musical stenography), together with the so-called Romanian signs, i.e. the special marks of time and expression added


texts: by Romanus. Lambillotte succeeded, not without serious difficulty, in obtaining permission to have a facsimile of this manuscript made by an expert copyist. This he published (Brussels, 1851), adding to it his own key to the neumatic notation, and a brief historical and critical account of the document. The appearance of the Antiphonaire de St. Grégoire made a strong impression on the scholarly world, and obtained for its author a Brief of congratulation and encouragement from Pope Pius IX, 1 May 1852, and a "very honourable mention" from the French Institute, 12 November of the same year. Lambillotte now undertook to embody the results of his investigations in a new and complete edition of the liturgical chant books. He lived to finish this extensive work, but not to see its publication.The Gradual and the Vesperal appeared 1855–1856 in both Gregorian and modern notations, under the editorship of Father Dufour, who had for years shared the work of Lambillotte. He also published the "Esthétique", a volume of 418 pages, setting forth Lambillotte's views on the theory and the practice of Gregorian music. Later, it became clear that the Antiphanaire was not a copy of Gregory's, and did not date from the eighth century. The Benedictine, Dom Pothier, also worked on restoring Gregorian restoration. Pothier says of the "Esthétique" that it is "filled with precious information". At the same time he calls attention to some serious errors in translation and even in reading, on the subject of rhythm, which, he holds, have been conclusively refuted by Chanoine Gontier, in his Méthode de Plain Chant, pp. 96 etc.De Monter also speaks of grave errors and numerous assertions contrary to its own method, that have crept into the treatise. He attributes the introduction of the sharp into the


texts:
 Gregorian scales to the editors of this posthumous work. Lambillottes "Gradual" and "Vesperal" were adopted by only a small number of French dioceses. Some argue that his work was ahead of its time. Lambillotte made cuts and alterations which had been the chief criticism of former editions. Twenty-five years were still to elapse before the classical work in Gregorian music, the Mélodies Grégoriennes by Dom Pothier, could make its appearance (Tournay, 1880), and another twenty-five before the teaching of Dom Pothier was to receive official sanction and practical application through the Vatican edition. Lambillotte's contemporaries placed the following inscription on his tomb at Vaugirard:

Qui cecinit Jesum et Mariam, eripuitque tenebris Gregorium, hunc superis insere, Christe, choris.(Receive, O Christ, into Thy choirs above him who sang the praises of Jesus and Mary, and rescued the music of Gregory from the darkness of ages.) Hymns
 Come Holy Ghost
 Panis angelicus -arrangement of Aquinas
 On This Day O Beautiful Mother

Works
 Chants à Marie (4 vol. ), Paris 1841–1868. Choix de cantiques sur des airs nouveaux, Paris, 1848. Oratorio pour le jour de Pâques; oratorio pour le jour de la Pentecôte, Paris, 1846. Recueil de chants sacrés, Paris, 1851. Antiphonaire de Saint Grégoire, Bruxelles, 1851.(posthumous) Musique religieuse, Paris, 1857. (posthumous) Graduale romanum, Paris, 1857. Bibliography
 de MONTER, M.: <mask>tte et ses frères, Paris, 1871. Notes

Sources

External links
  Panis angelicus - Lambillotte

 YouTube Le mois de Marie, cantique (with original score). 1796 births
1855 deaths
Christian chants
19th-century Belgian Jesuits
Belgian classical composers
Belgian male classical composers
Romantic composers
19th-century classical composers
19th-century Belgian male


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<mask> I of Caria (; fl. 480 BC) was a queen of the ancient Greek city-state of Halicarnassus and of the nearby islands of Kos, Nisyros and Kalymnos, within the Achaemenid satrapy of Caria, in about 480 BC. She was of Carian-Greek ethnicity by her father Lygdamis I, and half-Cretan by her mother. She fought as an ally of Xerxes I, King of Persia against the independent Greek city states during the second Persian invasion of Greece. She personally commanded her contribution of five ships at the naval battle of Artemisium and in the naval Battle of Salamis in 480 BC. She is mostly known through the writings of Herodotus, himself a native of Halicarnassus, who praises her courage and the respect in which Xerxes held her. Family and name
Artemisia's father was the satrap of Halicarnassus, Lygdamis I ()  and her mother was from the island of Crete.She took the throne after the death of her husband, as she had a son, named Pisindelis (), who was still a youth. Artemisia's grandson, Lygdamis II (), was the satrap of Halicarnassus when Herodotus was exiled from there and the poet Panyasis () was sentenced to death, after the unsuccessful uprising against him. The name Artemisia derives from Artemis (n, f.; Roman equivalent: Diana), itself of unknown origin and etymology although various ones have been proposed; for example according to Jablonski, the name is also Phrygian and could be "compared with the royal appellation Artemas of Xenophon; according to Charles Anthon the primitive root of


texts:
 the name is probably of Persian origin from arta*, art*, arte*,.. all meaning great, excellent, holy,.. thus Artemis "becomes identical with the great mother of Nature, even as she was worshipped at Ephesus"; Anton Goebel "suggests the root στρατ or ῥατ, "to shake," and makes Artemis mean the thrower of the dart or the shooter"; Plato, in Cratylus, had derived the name of the Goddess from the Greek word , artemḗs, i.e. "safe", "unharmed", "uninjured", "pure", "the stainless maiden"; Babiniotis while accepting that the etymology is unknown, states that the name is already attested in Mycenean Greek and is possibly of Pre-Greek origin. Battle of Salamis

Xerxes was induced by the message of Themistocles to attack the Greek fleet under unfavourable conditions, rather than sending a part of his ships to the Peloponnesus and awaiting the dissolution of the Greek armies. Artemisia was the only one of Xerxes' naval commanders to advise against the action, then went on to earn her king's praise for her leadership in action during his fleet's defeat by the Greeks at the Battle of Salamis (September,  480 BC). Preparations

Before the battle of Salamis, Xerxes gathered all his naval commanders and sent Mardonios to ask whether or not he should fight a naval battle.All the commanders advised him to fight a naval battle except Artemisia. As Herodotus tells it, she told Mardonios:

Tell the King to spare his ships and not do a naval battle because our enemies are  much stronger than us in the


texts: sea, as men are to women. And why does he need to risk a naval battle? Athens for which he did undertake this expedition is his and the rest of Greece too. No man can stand against him and they who once resisted, were destroyed. If Xerxes chose not to rush into a naval encounter, but instead kept his ships close to the shore and either stayed there or moved them towards the Peloponnese, victory would be his. The Greeks can't hold out against him for very long.They will leave for their cities, because they don't have food in store on this island, as I have learned, and when our army will march against the Peloponnese they who have come from there will become worried and they will not stay here to fight to defend Athens. But if he hurries to engage I am afraid that the navy will be defeated and the land-forces will be weakened as well. In addition, he should also consider that he has certain untrustworthy allies, like the Egyptians, the Cyprians, the Kilikians and the Pamphylians, who are completely useless. Xerxes was pleased with her advice and while he already held her in great esteem he now praised her further. Despite this, he gave orders to follow the advice of the rest of his commanders. Xerxes thought that at the naval battle of Artemisium his men acted like cowards because he was not there to watch them. But this time he would watch the battle himself to ensure they would act bravely.Plutarch, in On the Malice of Herodotus, believe that Herodotus wrote that because he just


texts:
 wanted verses in order to make Artemisia look like a Sibyl, who was prophesying of things to come. Battle

Artemisia participated in the Battle of Salamis in September, 480 BC as a Persian ally. She led the forces of Halicarnassos, Cos, Nisyros and Calyndos () (Calyndos was on the southwest coast of Asia Minor across Rhodes), and supplied five ships. The ships she brought had the second best reputation in the whole fleet, next to the ones from Sidon. Her involvement in the campaign was described by Herodotus:

As Herodotus says, during the battle, and while the Persian fleet was facing defeat, an Athenian ship pursued Artemisia's ship and she was not able to escape, because in front of her were friendly ships. She decided to charge against a friendly ship manned by people of Calyndos and on which the king of the Calyndians Damasithymos () was located. The Calyndian ship sank.Herodotus is uncertain but offers the possibility that Artemisia had previously had a disagreement with Damasithymos at the Hellespont. According to Polyaenus, when Artemisia saw that she was near to falling into the hands of the Greeks, she ordered the Persian colours to be taken down, and the master of the ship to bear down upon and attack a Persian vessel of the Calyndian allies, which was commanded by Damasithymus, that was passing by her. When the captain of the Athenian ship, Ameinias, saw her charge against a Persian ship, he turned his ship away and went after others, supposing that the ship of


texts: Artemisia was either a Greek ship or was deserting from the Persians and fighting for the Greeks. Herodotus believed that Ameinias didn't know that Artemisia was on the ship, because otherwise he would not have ceased his pursuit until either he had captured her or had been captured himself, because "orders had been given to the Athenian captains, and moreover a prize was offered of ten thousand drachmas for the man who should take her alive; since they thought it intolerable that a woman should make an expedition against Athens." Polyaenus in his work Stratagems () says that Artemisia had in her ship two different standards. When she chased a Greek ship, she hoisted the Persian colours. But when she was chased by a Greek ship, she hoisted the Greek colours, so that the enemy might mistake her for a Greek and give up the pursuit.While Xerxes was overseeing the battle from his throne, which was at the foot of Mount Aigaleo, he observed the incident and he and the others who were present thought that Artemisia had attacked and sunk a Greek ship. One of the men who was next to Xerxes said to him: "Master, see Artemisia, how well she is fighting, and how she sank even now a ship of the enemy" and Xerxes then responded: "My men have become women; and my women, men." None of the crew of the Calyndian ship survived to be able to accuse her otherwise. According to Polyaenus, when Xerxes saw her sink the ship, he said: "O Zeus, surely you have formed women out of man's materials, and men