texts:
 University", awarded by Vice Chancellor of the University Honorable Golam Kibria. "Chapai-Nawabgunj Mukta-Mahadal (Scout)" felicitated him on their 40th anniversary of foundation, awarded by founder secretary Advocate Md. Mosfiqur Rahaman. Felicitated on the opening of the book titled "Vijay", felicitated by Poet, Playwright, Writer and editor Honorable Golam Rabbani Tota."Namosankarbati Uccha Vidyalaya", the Headmaster Mr. Aslam Kabir, felicitated him. Awarded by Renowned Author of Bangladesh honorable Hasan Azizul Huq at the function of 'Bangladesh Jatiyo Sahitya Parished' 'Sahitya O Sanskritic Utsav - 2015' at Bangladesh Shilpakala Academy. 'Imperial Polytechnic Institute' and 'Peace International School & College'  felicitated and awarded him on his unparalleled contribution in 'Bengali Poetry and Journalism', awarded by the managing director of the said organization Honorable Md. Afsar Ali.' 'Hriday Multimedia Preparatory School' Chapai-Nawabgunj awarded him. He has been certified by honorable Dr. Rejia Sultana, the principal of "Nawabgunj Govt. College" for presenting a paper titled "Biswa Shilpakala o Bangladesh" (The world Arts and Bangladesh) in the 'International Level Seminar' arranged at "Nawabgunj Govt.College" on 16 December 2015. References

External links

 Chandra Commercial & Art Institute

Writers from West Bengal
1951 births
Living people
People from Murshidabad district
Indian male poets
Indian male essayists
Indian editors
20th-century Indian poets
20th-century Indian essayists
20th-century Indian male


type: original

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<mask>'Doherty (born 1951, Muff, County Donegal, Ireland)
is a journalist, author and broadcaster in Northern Ireland. He is the producer and presenter of the audio blog Arts Talk. Career

O'Doherty was one of the longest running commentators/columnists on any Irish radio programme, having been a regular on Radio Ulster's Talkback from its creation in the mid-1980s until a revamp of the programme in 2009. He provides political and social commentary for BBC NI's Hearts and Minds programme, and was often a frequent reporter for BBC Radio Ulster's Sunday Sequence in the programme's heyday. His political journalism has been published in many Irish and British newspapers and periodicals, including The Irish Times, The Guardian, The Sunday Times, The Observer, The Scotsman and The New Statesman. In the mid-1990s he worked on and presented several television documentaries on Northern Irish culture and politics, for Channel Four, The BBC and UTV, all of them with independent production companies, chiefly Observer Films, DBA and Chistera. He is a former Managing Editor of Fortnight magazine.He writes for the Guardians Comment is Free blog. He writes most frequently now in the Belfast Telegraph where his is often commissioned to write about religion and terrorism. He frequently writes through memoir. He has published four memoirs. One, I Was A Teenage Catholic (2003), deals with the development of his thinking on religious issues and the other, The Telling Year (2007) recounts his work as a young inept journalist in Belfast in the worst year for deaths (1972) of the Troubles in Northern


texts: Ireland. He wrote about his father, Barney, in Under His Roof (2009) and more recently a reflection on cycling and ageing in On My Own Two Wheels (2012). He has dabbled in fiction and drama.He wrote comedy sketches for a controversial BBC television cabaret called The Show in the early 1990s and scripted a history of the Dominicans in Ireland for a nationwide schools production in 2007. O'Doherty has avoided expressions of party-political commitment though he has been more critical of the IRA than of any other party to the conflict, frequently accusing it of having been the prime irritant. But he has supported the Good Friday Agreement, which was endorsed by both the IRA and Loyalist groups and most political parties. He has addressed political groups from across the spectrum, including the Ulster Unionist Party and the SDLP. He has twice been a keynote speaker at the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland's annual conference. He gave a major speech at the Irish Association's annual conference in 2003 examining the future of nationalism. O'Doherty appears at literary festivals in Northern Ireland and Scotland (Aspects and Wigtown, for example) and has also read at The Blue Met in Montreal (2004) and the Ottawa International Writer's Festival (2008).On 16 March 2007, O'Doherty delivered a lecture to the French Society for Irish Studies on the life and thinking of Margaret Noble, a County Tyrone-born Methodist who had taken the name Sister Nivedita, when initiated into the Ramakrishna Mission by her Guru, Swami Vivekananda. In the 1970s for four years he was in India, in the ashram


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 of Swami Paramananda Saraswati. He has written about this in I Was A Teenage Catholic. Books by <mask> O'Doherty
The Trouble With Guns: Republican Strategy and the Provisional IRA (The Blackstaff Press, 1998), . Described by the former leading IRA volunteer and informant Sean O'Callaghan as "An honest and decent book . . . It is lucid and accessible, and is the most subtle analysis of the modern-day republican movement that I have read ... one of the most valuable books to emerge from Northern Ireland in recent years."I Was a Teenage Catholic (Mercier/Marino, 2003), . An account of <mask> O'Doherty's upbringing in west Belfast, his experiences of Catholicism and his eventual rejection of the church's beliefs. The book also narrates his travels in India and his encounter with a Hindu swami. The Telling Year: Belfast 1972 (Gill and Macmillan, 2007), . A memoir of living and working as a journalist through the worst year of the Troubles, 1972. This was also the year O'Doherty was approached by an RUC officer in Northern Ireland and invited to become an "informer". He declined.Empty Pulpits: Ireland's Retreat From Religion (Gill and Macmillan, 2008), . An account of the rapid secularisation of Ireland. O'Doherty attracted the wrath of humanist groups for his own attacks on the "new atheists" and his claims that their critiques of religion were flawed by a failure to comprehend religious motivation. Under His Roof (Summer Palace Press, 2009),
On My Own Two Wheels (Blackstaff Press, 2012),
Gerry Adams: An Unauthorised Life (Faber, 2017),
Fifty Years On: The Troubles And The

masks: Malachi Malachi


texts:
 Struggle For Change In Northern Ireland (Atlantic, 2019),
Terry Brankin Has A Gun (Merrion, 2020),
The Year of Chaos: Northern Ireland on the Brink of Civil War, 1971/72 (Atlantic 2021)

Biography
O'Doherty was born in 1951 in Muff, County Donegal but raised in West Belfast, Northern Ireland. He trained as a journalist at the College of Business Studies in Belfast and as a mature student in 1990, took a master's degree in Irish Studies from Queen's University, Belfast. In June 1995 he married poet and broadcaster Maureen Boyle. He is a former Writer in Residence at Queen's University Belfast.He was awarded a PhD by the School of English at QUB in 2012. References

External links
O'Doherty's audio blog on Irish arts
<mask> O'Doherty's Official website
Belfast Telegraph columnist profile on <mask> O'Doherty
Slugger O'Toole: O'Doherty: His best book? CAIN: 'The Trouble with Guns'
 Irish Association speech, 2003
 Speech to Alliance Party conference, 12 March 2005. 1951 births
Living people
Journalists from Belfast
Male non-fiction writers from Northern Ireland
Date of birth missing (living people)
Former Roman Catholics
21st-century writers from Northern Ireland
Columnists from Northern


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<mask> (September 30, 1837 – April 19, 1913) was an American businessman, philanthropist and art collector from Chester, Pennsylvania. <mask> came from a wealthy family including his grandfather <mask> and father John O<mask>. He operated a successful quarry business for years and was a director of the Delaware County National Bank. He invested his fortune in the collection of art. <mask> donated liberally to support the Chester Hospital and upon his death, donated his trust and land to the city of Chester which resulted in the creation of the Deshong Art Museum and Deshong Park. Over time, the museum fell into disrepair, suffered theft and eventually closed. The art museum is currently vacant and the art collection resides with Widener University.Early life
<mask> was born in Chester, Pennsylvania to John O<mask> and Emmeline L. (Terrill) <mask> and educated in the local schools. He attended the Bolmar Academy in West Chester, Pennsylvania. In 1862, <mask> enlisted as a private in Company K, Tenth Regiment of the Pennsylvania Militia and served in the Battle of Antietam under Captain Thatcher. He was honorably discharged on September 27, 1862. In 1863, <mask> re-enlisted when Robert E. Lee invaded Pennsylvania. He enlisted in company A of the 37th Regiment, Emergency Corps, known as the "Slipher Phalanx". He served in the Battle of Gettysburg and was honorably discharged on August 4, 1863.Career
In 1865, he entered into partnership with his brother, John O<mask>, Jr., and operated the Deshong quarries in Ridley Township, Pennsylvania. The partnership was successful and lasted for 30 years until John's death on November 1, 1895. In 1895, <mask> was elected a director of the Delaware County National Bank. Philanthropy
<mask> donated liberally to support Chester Hospital, located at 9th and Barclay Streets in Chester. The <mask>. <mask> sanitary cottage for the treatment of tuberculosis was built by <mask> and donated to the Chester Hospital. After his death, he left in trust his art collection, mansion and 27-acre estate to the city of Chester as an art gallery and

masks:
Alfred Odenheimer Deshong
Deshong
Peter Deshong
. Deshong
Deshong
Deshong
. Deshong
Deshong
Deshong
Deshong
. Deshong
Deshong
Deshong
Alfred O
Deshong
Deshong


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 for educational purposes. The bequest resulted in the establishment of the Deshong Memorial Park and the building of an art gallery.Deshong Mansion

The Deshong mansion was built in 1850 on 22 acres off Edgemont Avenue in the Greek Revival Italianate style by <mask>'s father, John O<mask>, Sr. It was willed to the people of Chester after <mask>'s death. The land was turned into a public park named Deshong Park and an art museum was built on the property. The mansion and art museum fell into disrepair in the 1980s. The trust was dissolved and the property was taken over by the Delaware County Industrial Development Authority. The mansion suffered a partial collapse in 2013 and was demolished in 2014. Deshong Art Museum and collection
The Deshong Art Museum was built in 1914 after his death on the same property as the Deshong Mansion.The building was designed to be fireproof with exterior walls of Dover marble. The large main gallery for paintings was modeled after the Emperor of Germany's gallery at Cassel. It housed over 300 pieces of art including carved Japanese ivory figures, Chinese carved hard stone vessels and 19th century American and European paintings including American Impressionists Edward Redfield, Robert Spencer and George Loftus Noyes

Other select works from the collection include:
Allan Piu bella, painting by Francesco Vinea
Alpine Mountain Scene, painting by Alexandre Calame
At the Cobblers, painting by Jose Jimenez Aranda
Child Feeding her Pets (1872), painting by Gaetano Chierici
Departure for the Hunt (1899), painting by Vladimir Makovsky
 Hasty Pudding (1883), oil on canvas painting by Gaetano Chierici
Her Japanese Dolls (1872) by Adrien Moreau
Kindergarten, painting by <mask>
Meadows in Winter, painting by George Loftus Noyes
Morning in Thuringia, painting by Barend Cornelis Koekkoek
 Raspberries on a Leaf (1858), oil on panel painting by Lilly Martin Spencer
Spirited Conflict (1859), painting by Alberto Pasini
The Artists Den, painting by Francois Auguste Biard
The Avalanche (1886), painting by Gerolamo Induno
Une gardienne du feu sacre de

masks:
Alfred
. Deshong
Alfred
Otto Piltz


texts:
 vesta by Louis Hector Leroux

<mask>'s last art purchase was a pair of large Foo dogs cast in bronze. The statues were placed flanking the doors of the <mask> mansion. At one time it was the only public art gallery on the East Coast. From 1961 to 1978 the building was operated as a library, but over the years the museum fell into disrepair. Art theft
In July 1977 the museum was looted and several pieces of art were stolen.The heist was carried out by 15 year old Laurence McCall from Chester, Pennsylvania who would skip school and frequent the museum. The museum had limited security and McCall was able to steal paintings valued at the time at $450,000 by simply taking them off the wall and sliding them out of the museum's windows. Many of the stolen items were sold through Sotheby's and other art auction houses in New York City. McCall was eventually caught when he was 19. The authorities were not able to prove that he stole the artwork, but he was convicted for failure to pay taxes, sentenced to fifteen years in prison and served three. A majority of the artwork was recovered. In 1979, Widener University leased the building and restored the museum.In July 1984 the remaining trustees that managed the art museum dissolved the trust. The Asian and impressionistic art collection and $500,000 of the trust were given to Widener University where the collection is currently displayed. Personal life

<mask> was known as a lavish host, entertaining artists, musicians and political figures at the <mask> mansion. He never married and became reclusive toward the end of his life. <mask> is interred at Chester Rural Cemetery. His grave is marked by the bronze sculpture, "Sorrow" by Samuel Murray. References

External links
The Widener University Art Collection & Gallery

1837 births
1913 deaths
19th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American philanthropists
American art collectors
American bankers
American mining businesspeople
Burials at Chester Rural Cemetery
People from Chester, Pennsylvania
People of Pennsylvania in the American Civil War
Philanthropists from

masks: Deshong Deshong Deshong Deshong Deshong


texts:
<mask> (; ; ; born 15 July 1947) is a Thai economist. He was the Governor of the Bank of Thailand from 2001 to 2006. Following the 2006 Thai coup d'état he served as minister of finance and deputy prime minister in the interim civilian government led by Prime Minister Surayud Chulanont. Following the 2014 Thai coup d'état he was appointed as a deputy prime minister in the first military appointed cabinet under General Prayut Chan-o-cha. Two days earlier he had resigned from his position as chairman of the board of Post Publishing PLC, the publisher of the Bangkok Post, Thailand's leading English-language newspaper. Early life and education
<mask> is a son of Prince <mask>. He is therefore a grandson of Prince Devawongse Varopakarn, and a great-grandson of King Rama IV.(Mongkut). Reflecting his distant royal descent, Thai media refer to him as Mom Ui (; "Lord Ui"), using his nickname, "Ui". <mask> was educated at Saint Gabriel's College from year 1 to 12. During his childhood, Pridiyathorn rarely came second in school exams. He was nearly always first in his studies. He studied economics at Thammasat University, graduating with a bachelor's degree, and at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, where he earned an MBA in 1970. Career
From 1971 to 1990 he worked for the Thai Farmers Bank, becoming senior executive vice president.In 1990 he became official spokesman for Prime Minister Chatichai Choonhavan. In the governments of Anand Panyarachun and Suchinda Kraprayoon (1991–92) he was deputy minister of commerce. He was appointed a member of the Thai Senate from 1992 to 1993. In 1993 he became president of the Export-Import Bank of Thailand. Pridiyathorn served as the Chairman of the NIST International School Foundation, the governing body

masks:
Mom Rajawongse Pridiyathorn Devakula
Pridiyathorn
Priditheppong Devakula
Pridiyathorn


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 of NIST International School, from 2009 to 2017. Bank of Thailand Governor
In May 2001 he was appointed Governor of the Bank of Thailand, the nation's central bank. He is also a director of the Civil Service Commission and of the Thammasat University Council.Pridiyathorn repeatedly criticised Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra who took office in 2001. Pridiyathorn disagreed with Thaksin's spending policy, which he saw as a cause of inflation. In 2004, the state-owned Krung Thai Bank (KTB) shocked Thailand's financial world by reclassifying approximately 40 billion baht as problem loans. Pridiyathorn threatened to fire KTB chief executive officer Viroj Nualkhair if he did not resign. Viroj was a former financial advisor to media proprietor Sondhi Limthongkul, having helped him make the initial public offering of one of his first companies. As Krung Thai Bank head, Viroj had forgiven 1.6 billion baht of Sondhi's debts and arranged for further rounds of forgiveness. Using all his media outlets, Sondhi attacked Pridiyathorn and defended Viroj.Viroj was eventually forced to leave Krung Thai Bank. Sondhi's public criticism of Thaksin started to increase, eventually leading to the establishment of the People's Alliance for Democracy. Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance
Two days after the coup which deposed Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, the Bangkok newspaper The Nation reported that business leaders had asked the junta (Council for Democratic Reform under Constitutional Monarchy) to appoint Pridiyathorn as an interim prime minister. He was notably endorsed by Chatri Sophonpanich, chairman of Bangkok Bank. Eventually, the junta chose retired general Surayud Chulanont as interim prime minister, but he in turn named Pridiyathorn to his cabinet as


texts:
 minister of finance, a move that business leaders saw as positive. He was succeeded as governor of the Bank of Thailand by Tarisa Watanagase, the first woman to head the BOT. Pridiyathorn's policies as minister of finance included:
 Fiscal deficits.A budget deficit of 147 billion baht for fiscal year 2007. This was the first budget deficit since 2003. Fiscal deficits were also expected for 2008. Suvarnabhumi City. Pridiyathorn opposed the establishment of a new province, dubbed Suvarnabhumi City, around the newly constructed Suvarnabhumi Airport. The plan to establish a new province had been proposed by the deposed government of Thaksin Shinawatra. "There are a lot of retention ponds in the area and water experts said they serve as waterways, allowing floods to flow to the sea.If there are buildings, they will obstruct water from flowing out, and cause the inner city to flood. If the Department of Town and Country Planning proposes to build a community in the area, I'll oppose it," said Pridiyathorn. Capital controls. Pridiyathorn instituted capital controls to attempt to reverse a strengthening of the baht, but reversed the measure after the Thai stock market crashed, destroying US$20 billion of market value in one day. Pridiyathorn later noted that "This was not a mistake. Measures always have side effects. Once we knew the side effects, we quickly fixed it.... Just one day of stocks falling is not considered much damage."He came under harsh criticism. Bratin Sanyal, head of Asian equity investments at ING in Hong Kong noted, "The one thing worse than an incompetent central bank is an incompetent central bank that flip-flops." Catherine Tan, head of Asia Emerging Markets at Forecast in Singapore, noted, "They are proving themselves to be very


texts: unprofessional. Their actions are very irresponsible. They have totally lost credibility... I don't see foreigners returning to Thailand any time in the near future. Markets now have no confidence in the government."The Export-Import Bank of Thailand also criticized the capital controls. Limiting foreign companies investing in List I and II businesses (including media, telecoms, and aviation) from holding more than 50 percent of shares. List III businesses (including retailers and hotels) were exempted from the new restrictions. Investors holding more than 50 percent would be forced to lower their stakes within a year. Investors holding more than 50 percent of voting rights would be forced to lower their voting stakes within a year. Finance Minister <mask> noted, "If they [foreign investors] had seen the details [of the foreign investment law], I am sure that they would be happy." He later backtracked, and said that telecommunications firms would be exempt from the new regulations.He claimed that he had misspoken when he earlier included the telecommunications business in the categories to be affected by amendments to the law . Corruption investigations into Thaksin Shinawatra. Pridiyathorn sparked controversy in his dealings with Jaruvan Maintaka of the junta-appointed Assets Examination Committee. Jaruvan accused Thaksin's wife of inappropriately buying a plot of land from the Financial Institutions Development Fund (FIDF) while Pridiyathorn was FIDF Chairman. Pridiyathorn asserted that the purchase was legal and refused to file charges, claiming that the FIDF was not a damaged party. Jaruvan then claimed that Pridiyathorn violated the law by sitting on the boards of more than three state enterprises. Pridiyathorn countered by claiming that Jaruvan


texts:
 was trying to destroy his reputation.Monetary policy. Pridiyathorn took the unusual step of urging the Bank of Thailand to cut interest rates by half a percentage point, rather than 25 basis points as expected by most analysts. Bank of Thailand is independent of the Ministry of Finance, and did not heed <mask>'s call. He resigned the next day. <mask> resigned on 28 February 2007. As a reason for his resignation he cited Premier Surayud's decision to appoint <mask>'s rival, former Thaksin-government Finance Minister Somkid Jatusripitak, as a "self-sufficiency economy" special envoy. Somkid resigned from his position after less than a week.Another reason given was the Minister to the Office of the Prime Minister Thirapat Serirangsan's alleged preference for certain private media interests. Several analysts speculated that he was referring to the preferential treatment the junta gave to leading anti-Thaksin critic Sondhi Limthongkul, who was also a long-time critic of Pridiyathorn. His resignation shocked the political world as well as the business community. "The reasons he gave were quite strange," noted Pornsilp Patcharinpanakul, deputy secretary-general of Board of Trade. <mask> was replaced by Chalongphob Sussangkarn. Junta leader General Saprang Kalayanamitr was also implicated in <mask>'s resignation. The Bangkok Post reported that Pridiyathorn resigned in protest after a CNS member lobbied him to sell shares of IRPC (formerly known as Thai Petrochemical Industry or TPI) back to a former shareholder.Saprang's brother, Chienchuan, was a key financial advisor to Prachai Liaophairat, the estranged founder of TPI. Economic advisor to the 2014 junta
<mask> was an outspoken critic of Yingluck Shinawatra's government, especially its scheme assuring a

masks: Pridiyathorn Pridiyathorn Pridiyathorn Pridiyathorn Pridiyathorn Pridiyathorn


texts:
 fixed minimum rice price to farmers. In November 2013 he estimated the costs of the programme at 425 billion baht. In February 2014 he called Yingluck's economic policies a failure and asked her to step down. Instead, he called for the appointment of a "neutral", unelected government. After the 22 May 2014 coup d'état, the junta—which calls itself National Council for Peace and Order—appointed Somkid a member of its "advisory board" in charge of economic issues. On 31 August <mask> was appointed as a deputy prime minister in the first military-appointed cabinet under General Prayut Chan-o-cha.Wealth
Disclosures to the National Counter Corruption Commission revealed that 30 days after leaving his cabinet position in March 2007, Pridiyathorn had 730 million baht in assets, a slight drop from 754 million baht when he took office in October 2006. His wife, Praphaphan, had a net worth of 283 million baht, while his daughter Pudjeep had seven million baht. In October 2014 the National Anti-Corruption Commission (NACC) published the declared wealth of all ministers in the cabinet. Pridiyathorn was the wealthiest with assets of 1.38 billion baht. Decorations
Pridiyathorn holds the titles Knight Grand Cross (First Class) of the Most Noble Order of the White Elephant and Knight Grand Cross (First Class) of the Most Noble Order of the Crown of Thailand. Ancestry

See also
 Bank of Thailand

References

External links
Speeches by Pridiyathorn Devakula
"Bt820-billion blunder",  The Nation, 2006/12/20

|-

<mask>, Pridiyathorn
Devakula, Pridiyathorn
Pridiyathorn Devakula
Pridiyathorn Devakula
Devakula, Pridiyathorn
Pridiyathorn Devakula
Pridiyathorn Devakula
Pridiyathorn Devakula
Pridiyathorn Devakula
Pridiyathorn Devakula
Pridiyathorn Devakula
Pridiyathorn

masks: Pridiyathorn Devakula


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Václav (later <mask>) Vodička AM DA (Prague) FRMIT MACE (28 September 1921 - 30 September 1992) was a Czech born gold and silversmith who emigrated to Australia in 1950 and taught at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) from 1955 to 1983. It has been said that 'his contribution to Australian jewellery was made as the lecturer in charge of gold and silversmithing in Australia'. Early life and education
Vodička was born in Modřany, a southern Prague neighbourhood in Czechoslovakia. After attending the local primary and secondary schools, in 1941 he graduated from Prague College of Industrial Arts, specialising in gold and silver design and manufacturing. He later attended the prestigious State School of Jewellery in Turnov in 1942 and 1943. After graduating, he worked for a large firm of gold and silversmiths in Prague before moving to Jablonec nad Nisou (Gablonz an der Neiße) in 1946 as the national manager/designer of the Robert Scholtze company, an expropriated Sudeten German costume jewellery manufacturing company. He also freelanced as a jeweller and lectured part-time at the Jablonec School of Applied Arts at this time.Immigration to Australia
After the Second World War, Vodička was active in democratic politics, supporting President Edvard Beneš and his Czech National Social Party (Czech: Česká strana národně sociální, ČSNS) in the only free post-war elections in Czechoslovakia (until 1990) in May 1946. When the political situation deteriorated in Czechoslovakia following the communist coup in February 1948, he fled Czechoslovakia, 'illegally' leaving the country for Germany in September 1949 and made his way to the British occupation zone in Berlin. Branded an 'enemy of the people's government' and charged with bogus crimes, he would not be


texts:
 permitted to return to Czechoslovakia until the late 1980s. Vodička spent Christmas 1949 in Charlottenburg, Berlin with fellow Czech refugees and then made his way to Friedland Refugee Camp where he was officially granted political refugee status under the auspices of the International Refugee Organisation. In mid-January 1950, he moved to the Fallingbostel Displaced Persons Camp for the purposes of emigrating to Australia. In March 1950, he went by train to the Bagnoli Displaced Persons Camp in Italy and on 31 March 1950 left Naples on the USAT General M. L. Hersey with 1,335 other European refugees bound for Australia, arriving in Melbourne on 27 April 1950. After arriving in Australia, he spent about three weeks at the Bonegilla Migrant Camp before returning to Melbourne to take up work.Career
In the first few years after arriving in Australia, Vodička had a number of jobs, mainly as a silversmith at a range of companies. Early on, he began using a name Australians could pronounce and became known as <mask> or <mask> rather than Václav Vodička. When he applied for the position of instructor in gold and silversmithing at Royal Melbourne Technical College, later RMIT University, he used the name <mask> <mask> - he was appointed in August 1955. In the succeeding years, Vodicka 'transformed gold and silversmithing at RMIT into the leading course of its kind in Australia'. His vision 'right from the beginning...[was] to develop and build up a School of Gold and Silversmithing or at least Department...which would have silversmithing, jewellery, engraving, enamelling and gem cutting and possibly gem engraving divisions'. Vodicka’s first Diploma students graduated in 1957  and in 1958, Emily Hope. the daughter of poet, A.D. Hope, and Margaret Goldthorpe became the first

masks:
Victor
Vic Vodicka
Victor Vaclav
Vodicka


texts:
 women to enroll full time into the course.Between 1962 and 1964 Vodicka doubled the intake of students, while reducing the numbers of part timers with the ambition and standard of work produced by the students leapt ahead. Throughout the 1960s, Vodicka expanded the course with more specialised subjects: design in 1963 and history of gold and silversmithing in 1964. In 1962, W.E. McMillan, a friend and admirer of Vodicka’s work at RMIT, instituted an acquisitive award for outstanding student work and in 1966 Vodicka held a student competition to design a medal for the winner of the McMillan prize. The W.E. McMillan Collection inspired other acquisitive awards and together they represent a unique record of almost 60 years of student work at RMIT. Students were also encouraged to enter the Made in Australia Awards.Over the years, Vodicka kept up with contemporary gold and silversmithing and maintained a small practice undertaking commissions for RMIT and external clients and during the 1970s, he was commissioned by the Commonwealth government to research the viability of replicating his model in other Australian states. The result was that a generation of new courses in gold and silversmithing were initiated around the country. He retired from RMIT in 1983 and in 1987 was honoured as a Member of the Order of Australia for his service to the craft of gold and silversmithing. Personal life and interests
In 1953, Vodicka married an Australian and was naturalised as an Australian citizen in 1956. In the late 1950s, Vodicka renewed another passion from his native home when he was introduced to the pleasures of skiing and bushwalking in the Australian high country by fellow RMIT lecturer and Second World War artist, R.W. (Bill) Rowed. In 1959, Rowed took Vodicka to the


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 Wangaratta Ski Club, which has its lodge at Mount St. Bernard near Mount Hotham in the Victorian Alps and he joined it shortly afterwards in 1960.Both men were foundation members of the Mount Bogong Club, which was formed in 1965 to promote the safe recreational use of Mount Bogong. During the 1960s, Vodicka, by then a father of three young children all born in the mid to late 1950s, continued with his education, completing a Tertiary Technical Teachers Certificate in 1963 and a Fellowship Diploma in Art/Industrial Design - Gold and Silversmithing from RMIT in 1967. He was an active member of the Czech community in Melbourne being a co-founder of the Czech Language School established at the Technical Teachers College, Toorak in 1963. He was also a regular visitor to the Sumava Centre (now Sumava Peksa Centre) at Belgrave in the Dandenong Ranges, founded by the exiled priest Josef Peksa, and was involved in the Czechoslovak National Association and the Prahran Slavia soccer club. Vodicka retained his interest in democratic politics in Australia and was the Foundation President of the Clarinda Branch of the Australian Labor Party and Vice President of the Hotham Electorate Assembly for the ALP in 1989. <mask> eventually returned to his native Czechoslovakia in 1987 after the communist regime withdrew the bogus criminal charges laid nearly forty years earlier. He visited again in 1991 after the collapse of communism in November 1989 and even got back his long withheld Czech passport.In September 1992 he passed away in Melbourne due to acute myeloid leukemia. At his request, his ashes were spread on his beloved Mount Bogong. References

1921 births
1992 deaths
Silversmiths
Goldsmiths
RMIT University alumni
RMIT University faculty
Czechoslovak emigrants to


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<mask> (August 19, 1871 – October 26, 1943) was a wealthy American art collector who was a founding benefactor of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. A major figure in thoroughbred horse racing, he was head of New York's Belmont Park and builder of Miami's Hialeah Park racetrack in Florida. Early life
<mask> was born in Philadelphia, the third and only surviving son of the extremely wealthy transportation and real estate magnate Peter A. B<mask> (1834 – 1915) and <mask> (1836 – 1896). His older brother <mask> died on the RMS Titanic. <mask> attended Harvard University, and for a short time studied architecture at the University of Pennsylvania. Thoroughbred horse racing
<mask> used his great wealth to pursue his interest in Thoroughbred horse racing on a large scale. Not only did he become an owner of a large stable of racehorses, Widener acquired the Elmendorf Farm in Lexington, Kentucky and the Belmont Park racetrack in New York, plus he built Hialeah Park racetrack in Miami, Florida.In 1901, thirty-year-old <mask> began purchasing Thoroughbred horses to compete in both flat racing and steeplechase events. He hired future U.S. Racing Hall of Fame horse trainer, J. Howard Lewis. For the next four decades, they combined to race fourteen Champions, two in flat racing and twelve Steeplechase Champions. Widener's steeplechase horses won numerous important races including three editions of the American Grand National with Relluf (1914), Arc Light (1929), and Bushranger (1936). His steeplechasers Bushranger and Fairmount were both elected to the U.S. Racing Hall of Fame.Following the death of August Belmont Jr., <mask> and friends W. Averell Harriman and George Herbert Walker, purchased much of Belmont's

masks:
Joseph Early Widener
Widener
. Widener
Hannah Josephine Dunton
George Dunton Widener
Joseph Widener
Joseph Widener
Joseph Widener
Joseph Widener


texts: Thoroughbred breeding stock. For his Elmendorf Farm breeding operation, Widener acquired Belmont's very important sire Fair Play and the broodmare Mahubah, the parents of Man o' War. He also purchased a son of Fair Play named Chance Shot who would go on to win the 1927 Belmont Stakes and following the 1929 death of Fair Play would become Elmendorf Farm's leading sire. Widener had a life-size statue of Fair Play erected by his grave at Elmendorf Farm. As part of the selloff of the August Belmont Jr. estate, in 1925 <mask> also acquired majority control of Belmont Park in Elmont, New York and would serve as the race track's president until 1939 when failing health necessitated his stepping down. In 1930, he imported the stallion Sickle from Lord Derby in England who came to visit the U.S. that year and was <mask>'s guest at the 1930 Kentucky Derby. A son of the very important sire Phalaris, Sickle would produce 45 Graded stakes race winners and be the leading sire in North America in 1936 and 1938.Following Chance Shot's win in the 1927 Belmont Stakes, <mask>'s racing stable won the race two more times with Hurryoff in 1933 and with a son of Chance Shot in 1934 named Peace Chance. He also had five horses compete in the Kentucky Derby with his best finishes a second place earned by Osmand in 1927 and by Brevity in 1936. <mask>'s father had had business interests in France and like other wealthy elite Americans of that era, maintained a place in fashionable Paris. In addition to racing horses in the United States, Widener also kept a stable of Thoroughbreds in France. Competing in French grass racing, his horses won the 1923 and 1926 editions of the Prix La Rochette and the 1923, 1924, and 1937 runnings of the Prix

masks:
Joseph Widener
Widener
Widener
Joseph Widener


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 d'Aumale. Widener also owned English Hackney horses who competed at various shows. Personal life
He married <mask> ″<mask>″ Holmes Pancoast (1874–1929) with whom he had two children:
Peter Arrell <mask> II (1895–1948)
<mask> "Fifi" <mask> Leidy Holden Wichfeld Bigelow (1902–1961)
<mask> Leidy (1923–1988) was married from 1941 to 1950 to State Senator <mask> Paine (1920–1991)

<mask> raised his family at Lynnewood Hall, his father's 110-room Georgian-style mansion  in Elkins Park, Pennsylvania.Designed by Horace Trumbauer and Jacques Greber, the mansion, along with its extensive and important art collection, was part of the huge fortune he inherited. In poor health for several years, <mask> <mask> died at his Lynnewood Hall estate in 1943 and was interred in the <mask> family mausoleum, Section K, Lot 338 at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia. Hialeah Park
In 1930, <mask> built a  mansion in Palm Beach, Florida. where he would spend a good part of most winters. That same year, he purchased a controlling interest in the Miami Jockey Club and in 1931 renovated Hialeah Park. Hailed as one of the most beautiful Thoroughbred race tracks in the world, in 1979 Hialeah Park was listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places. Major races here were the Widener Handicap inaugurated in 1936, and the Flamingo Stakes, an important stepping stone to the Kentucky Derby for 3-year-old horses.Following <mask>'s death, ownership of the facility changed hands several times and after running into financial difficulties it closed in 2001. Art collection
<mask> added to the extensive and valuable art collection he had inherited from his father. His collection included a dozen or more works by Rembrandt as well as those

masks:
Eleanor
Ella
Browne Widener
Josephine
Widener
Joan Widener
George Eis
Joseph Widener
Joseph Early
Widener
Widener
Joseph Widener
Widener
Joseph Widener


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 by Johannes Vermeer, Édouard Manet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir and others. In 1939, <mask> made a number of donations from his assorted collections including manuscripts of historical and artistic importance given to the Rare Book Department at the Free Library of Philadelphia. However, his most important philanthropic endeavor was as a founding benefactor of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. Widener's 1939 donation of a vast collection was announced by U. S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt at the Gallery's opening ceremony. Known as the Widener Collection, the more than 2,000 sculptures, paintings, decorative art, and porcelains went on display in 1942. <mask>'s own 1921 portrait by Augustus John hangs in the National Gallery of Art.References

Sources
<mask>, Paintings at Lynnewood Hall (Elkins Park, PA: privately printed, 1923). Peter A. B<mask> II, Without Drums (New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1940). External links
 Normandy Farm, Lexington, Kentucky at the National Sporting Library's Thoroughbred Heritage website
 <mask><mask>, Founding Benefactor of the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
 (<mask>.) Widener Collection at the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
 Lewis-Widener manuscript collection at the Free Library of Philadelphia
 <mask><mask>'s biography of at the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.

American art collectors
American racehorse owners and breeders
French racehorse owners and breeders
American horse racing industry executives
American philanthropists
Businesspeople from Philadelphia
Harvard University alumni
University of Pennsylvania School of Design alumni
1871 births
1943 deaths
Widener family
Burials at Laurel Hill Cemetery (Philadelphia)
People from Cheltenham,

masks:
Widener
Joseph Widener
Joseph Widener
. Widener
Joseph E
. Widener
Joseph E
Joseph E
. Widener


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<mask> () is an academic, administrator, and politician in Serbia. He was a cabinet minister in the Yugoslavian government in 1999, has served in the assemblies of Yugoslavia and Serbia, and at one time was the acting mayor of Belgrade. He now serves as chair of the supervisory board of Telekom Srbija. A member of the Serbian Renewal Movement (Srpski pokret obnove, SPO) for most of his time as an elected official, <mask> is now a member of the Serbian Progressive Party (Srpska napredna stranka, SNS). Early life and career
<mask> was born in Belgrade, in what was then the People's Republic of Serbia in the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. He graduated from the University of Belgrade Faculty of Science and Mathematics in 1975 with a focus on mathematics, received his master's degree in 1978, and earned a Ph.D. in 1983. He became an assistant professor in mathematics in 1984 and was promoted to associate professor in 1991; he also served for a time as dean of the faculty.<mask> has published several academic works and has taken part in popular science programming in the Serbian media. One of his colleagues in the faculty of mathematics was Mirjana Marković, with whom he was on friendly terms. Marković was the wife of Slobodan Milošević and the leader of the Yugoslav Left (Jugoslovenska Levica, JUL) party from 1994 to 2003. <mask>'s personal association with Marković was a point of controversy during his political career. Politician

Early years
<mask> joined the Democratic Party (Demokratska stranka, DS) when multi-party politics was re-introduced to Serbia in 1990 and emerged as a prominent figure in the party. In October 1990, he was part of a group of DS activists who opposed the party leadership's decision to participate in the 1990 Serbian parliamentary election, arguing that conditions for fair elections did not exist. On 22 January 1991, <mask> and other members of this

masks:
Milan Božić
Božić
Božić
Božić
Božić
Božić
Božić


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 group left the DS to form the Serbian Liberal Party (Srpska liberalna stranka, SLS).In 1992, the SLS became part of the Democratic Movement of Serbia (Demokratski pokret Srbije, DEPOS), a broad coalition of parties opposed to the Milošević government. The party left the coalition the following year, when the SLS leadership disagreed with DEPOS's decision to participate in the 1993 Serbian parliamentary election. <mask>, who opposed this call for a boycott, left the SLS and remained within DEPOS as an individual member. Parliamentarian
<mask> appeared in the sixth position on the DEPOS electoral list for Belgrade in the 1993 Serbian election and was awarded a mandate when the coalition won eleven seats in the capital. (From 1992 to 2000, one-third of Serbia's parliamentary mandates were assigned to candidates from successful lists in numerical order, while the remaining two-thirds were distributed amongst other candidates at the discretion of the sponsoring parties and coalitions. <mask> did not automatically receive a mandate by virtue of his list position but was nonetheless included in the DEPOS delegation and took his seat when the assembly met in early 1994.) DEPOS dissolved after the election; <mask> joined the SPO, which had been the leading party in the coalition, and became an advisor to its leader Vuk Drašković.The election was won by Milošević's Socialist Party of Serbia (Socijalistička partija Srbije, SPS), and <mask> served in opposition. From 1992 to 2000, the Serbian parliament nominated half the membership (i.e., twenty members) of the Chamber of Republics in the Yugoslavian parliament. By virtue of the coalition's performance in the 1993 election, the parties of DEPOS were allowed to nominate four members to the federal chamber. <mask> was selected as a delegate, receiving an appointment in February 1994 for a term that lasted four years. He continued to serve in the

masks: Božić Božić Božić Božić Božić Božić


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 Serbian parliament during this time. In March 1995, he spoke favourably of a recent proposal by the Contact Group as the basis for a negotiated end to the Bosnian War. He also indicated that, in the longer term, he would favour the incorporation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republic of Serbian Krajina, and the Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia into a reconstituted Yugoslavia.1996 local elections and after
The SPO participated in the 1996 Serbian local elections with the DS and the Civic Alliance of Serbia (Građanski savez Srbije, GSS) in a new opposition alliance called Zajedno (English: Together). The alliance won victories in several major cities, including Belgrade, but the results were not initially recognized by the Serbian government. Following an extended standoff and several weeks of protest, the government belatedly recognized the victories of Zajedno in February 1997. DS leader Zoran Đinđić became mayor of Belgrade; <mask>, who had been elected to the City Assembly of Belgrade for a division in Vračar, was chosen as deputy mayor as well as being appointed as president of the managing board for Belgrade's television station Studio B. During this time, journalist Seamus Martin described <mask> as "the most influential person" in developing the policies of Zajedno. The Zajedno coalition fell apart at the republic level before 1997 was over. One of the points of controversy was participation in the 1997 Serbian parliamentary election, which the SPO supported and the DS opposed.<mask> was re-elected to the Serbian parliament in the 1997 election after appearing in the second position on the SPO's list in Palilula; the party won three seats, and he was again awarded one its optional mandates. Soon after the 1997 parliamentary election, the Zajedno alliance in the Belgrade assembly completely dissolved. On 30 September 1997, <mask> presided over an assembly session that

masks: Božić Božić Božić Božić


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 removed Đinđić as mayor via a SPO motion supported by the SPS and the far-right Serbian Radical Party (Srpska radikalna stranka, SRS). The SPO subsequently occupied all of the main positions in the city government. The position of mayor was not initially filled by the assembly; as deputy mayor, <mask> served as the city's acting mayor until January 1999. He suffered injuries while attending a basketball game in November 1997, after he was hit by a tracer rocket fired by someone in the audience. Media reports did not indicate that this was a deliberate attack.<mask> was chosen for a new term in the Yugoslavian Chamber of Republics in 1998. During the early period of the Kosovo War, <mask> stated that "the whole of Serbia [would] be up in arms and react" if ethnic Albanians in Kosovo did not realize that "they live in Serbia, where they can and should exercise all their rights." Yugoslavian cabinet minister and after
In January 1999, the SPO joined a coalition government in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia that was led by the SPS, the JUL, and the Socialist People's Party of Montenegro. Vuk Drašković became a deputy prime minister, and <mask> was among the SPO members appointed to the cabinet, serving as a minister without portfolio. A month after his appointment, <mask> joined Drašković in representing the SPO in the Rambouillet talks that sought a negotiated end to the Kosovo War. The Rambouillet talks did not lead to a successful outcome, and the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia began shortly thereafter. As deputy mayor of Belgrade, <mask> played a prominent role in attempting to ensure that the city's services remained as functional as possible.In an interview on American television during the bombing, <mask> accused NATO of attacking civilian targets and of having created a "humanitarian catastrophe [...] in the very downtown of Belgrade." The Yugoslavian government announced a

masks: Božić Božić Božić Božić Božić Božić Božić


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 unilateral ceasefire in Kosovo on 6 April 1999. In an interview with Romanian television, <mask> said that the ceasefire was being offered because the government believed "the terrorists who used the NATO bombings to put pressure on our country are now virtually destroyed." The ceasefire was not accepted by NATO, and the bombings continued. Later in the same month, <mask> took part in a Yugoslavian delegation to meetings in Strasbourg with deputies of the Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly. This was his last major act as a cabinet minister: Drašković was fired from cabinet on 28 April, and the other SPO ministers including <mask> announced their resignations on the same day. He continued to serve as deputy mayor of Belgrade and to oversee the city's efforts to maintain its infrastructure during the NATO bombing.After leaving the Yugoslavian government, the SPO once again positioned itself in opposition to the Milošević administration. In August 1999, <mask> announced the SPO's rejection of a SPS offer for a unity government in Serbia. He criticized the Serbian government's decision to shut down several media outlets in May 2000, and the following month he described an "anti-terrorism" law passed by the Yugoslavian government as "clearly a political" act that brought the regime closer to "real dictatorship." His term in the Chamber of Republics ended in May 2000, when the SPO boycotted a session of the Serbian assembly in which new federal mandates were chosen. 2000 elections
Slobodan Milošević was defeated by Vojislav Koštunica of the Democratic Opposition of Serbia, a broad and ideologically diverse coalition of parties that did not include the SPO, in the 2000 Yugoslavian presidential election. This event precipitated major changes in the Serbian and Yugoslavian politics. <mask> sought re-election to the Chamber of Republics in the concurrent Yugoslavian assembly election,

masks: Božić Božić Božić Božić Božić


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 appearing in the second position on the SPO's list.(This was the first and only time that members of the Chamber of Republics were directly elected.) Half of the mandates in this parliamentary election were awarded to parties on successful lists in numerical order, while the other half were distributed to candidates at the discretion of the sponsoring parties or coalitions. The SPO won only a single mandate for the Chamber of Republics, which automatically went to its lead candidate, the noted architect Spasoje Krunić. The SPO also lost all of its seats in the Belgrade assembly in the concurrent 2000 Serbian local elections; <mask> was defeated in his bid for re-election in Vračar's second division. He resigned from the SPO's presidency following the elections. He was not a candidate in the subsequent 2000 Serbian parliamentary election, and his term in the Serbian legislature ended when the new assembly convened in January 2001. Later years
<mask> was appointed to the management board of Naftna Industrija Srbije in 2002 and served until 2005.The SPO contested the 2003 Serbian parliamentary election in an alliance with New Serbia, and <mask> appeared in the fifteenth position on their combined list. By this time, the entire country had been designated as a single electoral division, and all parliamentary mandates were distributed to candidates on successful lists at the discretion of sponsoring parties or coalitions, irrespective of numerical order. Though the list won twenty-two seats, <mask> did  not receive a mandate on this occasion. The SPO joined a new coalition government with the Democratic Party of Serbia (Demokratska stranka Srbije, DSS) and other parties after the election; there were rumours that <mask> would be appointed as deputy leader of Serbia's Security Intelligence Agency, though ultimately this did not occur. He was, however, appointed to the managing board of


texts:
 Telekom Srbija and served for a time as its chair. In 2005, he indicated that the company would seek to expand its operations by taking over telecommunications companies in the Republika Srpska. He was a member of the Telekom board until 2008 and also served from 2005 to 2009 on a committee for restructuring Serbia's public sector.He appeared on a combined SPO–New Serbia electoral list for the Vračar municipal assembly in the 2004 Serbian local elections and was given the nineteenth position on SPO's list in the 2007 parliamentary election. In each case, the list failed to cross the relevant electoral threshold to win assembly representation. Following a 2011 reform, all mandates in Serbian elections were given to candidates on successful lists in numerical order. <mask> joined the SNS in 2011 and appeared in the twenty-second position on that party's Let's Get Belgrade Moving list for the Belgrade city assembly in the 2012 local elections. The list won thirty-seven mandates, and he returned to the assembly after a twelve year absence. The DS and its allies won the election, and <mask> served in opposition. He did not seek re-election in the 2014 Belgrade City Assembly election.He was appointed as president of the supervisory board of Telekom in 2012, a position that he still holds as of 2021. In 2013, he recommended that the service partner with a foreign company as an alternative to privatization. Electoral record

Local (City Assembly of Belgrade)

References

1952 births
Living people
Politicians from Belgrade
Members of the City Assembly of Belgrade
Members of the National Assembly of Serbia
Members of the Chamber of Republics in the Assembly of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Government ministers in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Mayors of Belgrade
Democratic Party (Serbia) politicians
Serbian Liberal Party politicians
Serbian Renewal Movement politicians
Serbian

masks: Božić Božić


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<mask> (March 11, 1925 – February 12, 2016), was professor emeritus of medicine at the University of Hawaii in Honolulu, and a longtime organizer in the Hawaiian Sovereignty Movement. <mask> was the co-founder of an organization of Hawaiian health professionals called, E Ola Mau in 1984. He was also the Founding Chair, of the Department of Medicine at the University of Hawaii John Burns School of Medicine in 1966. He was the convener for the 1993 Kanaka Maoli People's Tribunal, which documented U.S. abuses throughout all major islands in great detail before an international panel of judges, and the primary organizer of Ka Pākaukau (literally, "the Table"), an ongoing forum for dialogue surrounding Kānaka Maoli sovereignty and Hawaiian independence. Early life
<mask> was born March 11, 1925 to Marguerite Nameleonalani Piltz and James Keli‘ikauahi Akana. His mother married William Kaha‘<mask> in 1940. A Graduate of the Kamehameha School for Boys in 1942, and a classmate of former U.S.Senator Daniel K. Akaka during World War II, <mask> was awarded a BA cum laude from the University of Redlands in 1945 (Class Officer, Football Team), a classmate of Warren Christopher, Secretary of State for President Clinton, and an MD from the University of Chicago School of Medicine in 1948. Early medical career
After an Osler medical internship at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland in 1949, he served as a medical resident on the Tulane Medical Service of Charity Hospital in New Orleans, Louisiana. In 1950-1954, he was in the US Army Medical Corps, as an investigator at the Climatic Research Laboratory in

masks:
Richard Kekuni Akana Blaisdell
Blaisdell
Richard Kekuni Akana
i Blaisdell
Blaisdell


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 Lawrence, Massachusetts. He served as a battalion surgeon in Korea and a medical officer (Internist, US Army 343 Army Hosp) in Koizumi, Japan and Taiwan. In 1954-1955, he became an instructor in pathology at Duke University Hospital in Durham, North Carolina. He then returned to the University of Chicago in 1955 to complete a fellowship in hematology (research on iron enzymes and preleukemia), and he was appointed to the faculty as instructor in 1957 and assistant professor of medicine in 1958. In 1959, he was appointed Chief of Hematology and Research Associate at the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, where he did research on anemia, leukopenia, myelodysplasia in atomic bomb survivors, and adopted Mitsunori, a Japanese orphan.He returned to the University of Chicago in 1961-1966 as an assistant professor of medicine. His research was on experimental splenic hemolytic anemia and myelodysplasia. Marriage and family
In 1962, <mask> married  Irene Hiroko Saito, RN, in Chicago, IL. with adopted Mitsunori as ring boy. The couple's only daughter,  Helen Kaleleonalani <mask>,  was born in Chicago. Eventually, the family moved back to Hawaiʻi and settled in Nuʻuanu, Oʻahu. Medical career, 1965 to 1973
In 1965, while in Chicago, <mask> received the national Lederle Medical Faculty Teaching Award, and thus became known to Dean Windsor Cutting, former Stanford Medical School dean and newly appointed first dean of the University of Hawaii School of Medicine.In 1966, <mask> became the first Professor and Chair of the Department of Medicine at the newly established University of Hawai'i

masks: Blaisdell Blaisdell Blaisdell Blaisdell


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 School of Medicine.1,2  He and his wife joined others in lobbying for a four-year medical school. He continued platelet atherosclerosis research. During sabbatical years,  <mask> was a visiting professor of medicine at Rutgers Medical School in 1969 and Harvard Medical School in 1979. He served as an East-West Center medical consultant in the Trust Territory of the Pacific, 1968–1970, and as a University of Hawai'i teaching consultant on Okinawa, 1967-1974. Death
Blaidell died at the age of 90 from respiratory failure in Queen's Medical Center on February 12, 2016. Awards
In 1973, <mask> was named Ha'awi 'Ike Akea Outstanding Professor at the University of Hawaii School of Medicine.1,2

In 1974 Blaidell was named Kamehameha Schools Alumnus of the year.2

In 1975, <mask> received the Kaiser Teaching Award of the University of Hawai'i School of Medicine.2

In 1970-1977, <mask> was appointed, along with served with Mary Kawena Puku'i, to the University of Hawai'i Committee for the Preservation of Hawaiian Language, Art and Culture; in 1972-1976, a member of the University of Hawai'i Native Hawaiian Students Committee, Program and Hawaiian Scholars Program. He served on the 1986-1988 University of Hawai'i System Ka'u (Hawaiian Studies) Task Force and, in 1987-1989, as acting interim director of the then-created University of Hawai'i Center for Hawaiian Studies.2

1970 <mask> served on the Hui Hanai (Queen Lili'uokalanai Children's Center Auxiliary) Board of Directors, as president, 1980-1982.He worked  on the Nana I ke Kumu (Look to the Source) Book Committee, 1972–1979; and Queen's Songbook Committee,

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 1980-1990.2

1990 Living Treasure Award. The Living Treasures of Hawaiʻi program was created by the Buddhist temple Honpa Hongwanji Mission of Hawaii to honor residents of Hawaii. The criteria for selection are, "First, the designee must demonstrate continuous growth in his or her field; second, the potential Living Treasure must have made significant contributions toward a more humane and fraternal society (and this perhaps is the most important criteria); and finally, he or she must have shown an on-going striving for excellence and a high level of accomplishment." Honorees are nominated by members of the general public by August 1 of each year, and chosen by a committee designated by the temple. 1997. Asian and Pacific Island American Health Forum Lifetime Achievement Award in San Francisco

1998. Ahahui O na Kauka, charter member, board member.2000. University of Chicago Alumni Community Service Award. 2001. Consultant, Native Hawaiian Center of Excellence, Dept of Native Hawaiian Health, University of Hawaii JABSOM. 2003. Prof Emeritus of Medicine, JABSOM. Recipient of the Republic of Palau Joint House and Senate Commendation Resolution and Pacific Basin Medical Association Recognition and Appreciation Award.2007. Kekuni Blaisdell Endowment Lectureship was formed at the University of Hawaii by Osama Fukuyama, M.D. 2008. Awarded the Hawaiian Historical Society's Paa Moolelo Award in appreciation for "steadfast leadership and dedication to promoting and preserving the proud history of our islands." 2009. Awarded Honolulu Hawaiian Civic Club "I Ola Ka Lahui" Award. 2010 David Malo Award.Sponsored by the


texts:
 Rotary Club of West Honolulu. The award recognizes an individual of Hawaiian ancestry whose accomplishments and life have portrayed the idea of high achievement in such fields as art, music, dance, education, science, community service, government, religion, business or sport. The award is named after David Malo whose accomplishments and life exemplify the ideal of high achievement and community service for the betterment of the world around us. 2011 O'o Award April 7, 2011. The ‘Ō‘ō Award has become one of the most prestigious honors presented to outstanding Native Hawaiians who, through their talents, have made significant contributions to improve our communities and the well being of Native Hawaiians. The ‘ō‘ō itself is made from precious hardwoods firmly rooted in the ‘āina. Today, the tool is used as Native Hawaiian Chamber of Commerce’s symbol representing each honoree’s keen sense of firmly rooted values, business acumen, skill, and dedication to service – key ingredients for sustaining success in modern Hawai‘i, while maintaining ancient traditions and values.2015 Kalani Ali'i Award September 12, 2015, Sponsored by:  'Aha Hipu'u:  The Royal Order of Kamehameha I, The 'Ahahui Ka'ahumanu, The Hale O Na Ali'i O Hawai'i & The Daughters and Sons of Hawaiian Warriors - MAMAKAKAUA

Kānaka Maoli Medicine, research and Hawaiian sovereignty movement
Kānaka Maoli. In the 1980s, Dr<mask> discovered the term Kanaka Maoli, in Historical Text. He was the first to ask the questions:  if one compares original historic  descriptions of Hawaiians (robust health) with current statistics (ill health), what is it about


texts:
 western contact other than the obvious that explains  near extinction of a race? More importantly, what can be done? After this, he began to pioneer serious study of Kanaka Maoli Health Research as a medical field. Na 'Oiwi O Hawaii. In 1984, <mask> helped to found Na 'Oiwi O Hawai'i with the goal of promoting Kanaka Maoli Independence.Na 'Oiwi O Hawai'i sponsored the first Native Hawaiian Sovereignty Conference at The Kamehameha Schools. As a major speaker, <mask> emphasized that the health of Kanaka Maoli is connected to the 'āina, and to  preservation of cultural traditions and knowledge of one's own history and way of life. (This later became the basis for an M. Oneha dissertation, which <mask> nurtured and supported. )3,5

Nā Pu'uwai. In 1986, <mask> joined the board of Na Pu'uwai, a Native Hawaiian Health Care organization of the island of Moloka'i, with Emmett Aluli and Helen O'Connor. Na Pu'uwai became the Moloka'i-Lana'i Native Health Care System and conducted a study that demonstrated that the traditional Kanaka Maoli diet lowered blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels, thereby reducing risk for heart disease. (This later became the basis for the Waianae diet, popularized by T Shintani.)This study intensified interest in growing and eating traditional foods throughout the islands and invigorated the organization of health fairs in Kanaka Maoli communities to revitalize preparation and propagation of foods and other traditional medicines and healing practices. It was also one of the first studies on Kanaka Maoli health conducted largely by Kanaka Maoli themselves.3

Director, Center for Hawaiian


texts:
 Studies, University of Hawai'i at Manoa. <mask> served as Interim Director from 1987-1988. <mask> served on the Dissertation committees for nearly a dozen Native Hawaiian PhD candidates, including Lilikala Kame'eleihiwa and Kamana'opono Crabbe. He has helped numerous candidates write  PhD papers, including Malcolm Chun.1,2,5

E Ola Mau and Papa Ola Lokahi. <mask> was a pioneer in advocating for accessible and culturally appropriate healthcare for Native Hawaiians. He provided dramatic documentation of worsening Kanaka Maoli health conditions.After authoring the critical health report for the United States Congress Native Hawaiians Study Commission in 1983, he researched and wrote a compelling report identifying the  health needs of Native Hawaiians entitled "E Ola Mau." The report was funded by the US Public Health Services and presented at the East-West Center in December 1985. The following year,  E Ola Mau became an organization of Native Hawaiian Health professionals formed to implement the recommendations of the report. <mask> was among members of E Ola Mau who testified for the Native Hawaiian Health Bill before the US Congress in 1986, 1987 and 1988. The bill was passed in October 1988 with final language provided by members of EOM to establish five Native Hawaiian Health Care Systems on five islands. The bill specified that traditional practices be integrated with services offering western health practices. The organization Papa Ola Lokahi (POL) was formed to provide coordination and oversight.Sovereignty Movement. <mask> credits Puhipau Ahmad and Soli Niheu for inviting him to help start the


texts:
 Sovereignty Movement in the 1960s. Ahmad (Na Maka O Ka Aina) became the "eyes" of the movement, documenting evictions of Native Hawaiians from their homes at Sand Island and elsewhere. Niheu was the "heart" of the movement, participating in demonstrations, and <mask> became the "brains," researching and writing. It was <mask> who, with his own computer, copying machine, and checkbook, created the Native Hawaiian Tribunal, in which <mask> gathered an international panel of judges, flew the judges from island to island and asked Native Hawaiians on each island to testify as to how they had been affected by the overthrow of the monarchy, by annexation, and by statehood. Disposition of the tribunal documents are now under dispute. <mask> has specified to his attorney specifically where he would like them to reside.Other positions and awards
1987-1989  Wai'anae Coast Comprehensive Health Center Board of Directors. 1988-2006. Ke Ola Mamo, co-founder, board member. 1989. Hawai'i Medical Association (HMSA) Physician of the Year. 1989. Pro Kanaka Maoli Independence Working Group co-founder, convener.Ka Pakaukau, co-founder, convenor. 1990 Honpa Honwanji Living Treasure

1992-3. Convenor, Kanaka Maoli Tribunal Komike Covenor. 1994. Papa Ola Lokahi Ka'onohi Award . 1996. Petra Foundation Fellow in Washington, DC.http://petrafoundation.org/fellows/kekuni-blaisdell/index.html

1997. Asian and Pacific Island American Health Forum Lifetime Achievement Award in San Francisco

1998. Ahahui O na Kauka, charter member, board member. 2000. University of Chicago Alumni Community Service Award. 2001. Consultant, Native Hawaiian


texts:
 Center of Excellence, Dept of Native Hawaiian Health, University of Hawaii JABSOM.2003. Prof Emeritus of Medicine, JABSOM. Recipient of the Republic of Palau Joint House and Senate Commendation Resolution and Pacific
Basin Medical Association Recognition and Appreciation Award. 2007. Kekuni Blaisdell Endowment Lectureship was formed at the University of Hawaii by Osamu Fukuyama, M.D. 2008. Awarded the Hawaiian Historical Society's Paa Moolelo Award in appreciation for "steadfast leadership and dedication to promoting and preserving the proud history of our islands."2009. Awarded Honolulu Hawaiian Civic Club "I Ola Ka Lahui" Award. 2010. David Malo Award, West Honolulu Rotary Club

2011. O'O Award, Native Hawaiian Chamber of Commerce

References

1Hawaiian Historical Society, October 20, 2006;
2Kamehameha Schools Alumni Association;
3Biography <mask> Blaisdell, Peace Journal November 1996;

4Message from the Interim Chair (K Brady), Kekuni Blaisdell Endowment Dinner, August 7, 2010;
5Private documents /Dissertation documents;
6 Public Communication @ Moananui Conference, Calvary by the Sea Church 11.09.11

1925 births
2016 deaths
American medical academics
Pritzker School of Medicine alumni
Physicians from Hawaii
Native Hawaiian


texts:
<mask>  (; 11 June 1776 – 31 March 1837) was an English landscape painter in the Romantic tradition. Born in Suffolk, he is known principally for revolutionising the genre of landscape painting with his pictures of Dedham Vale, the area surrounding his home – now known as "Constable Country" – which he invested with an intensity of affection. "I should paint my own places best", he wrote to his friend <mask> in 1821, "painting is but another word for feeling". <mask>'s most famous paintings include Wivenhoe Park (1816), Dedham Vale (1821) and The Hay Wain (1821). Although his paintings are now among the most popular and valuable in British art, he was never financially successful. He became a member of the establishment after he was elected to the Royal Academy of Arts at the age of 52. His work was embraced in France, where he sold more than in his native England and inspired the Barbizon school.Early career

<mask> was born in East Bergholt, a village on the River Stour in Suffolk, to Golding and Ann (Watts<mask>. His father was a wealthy corn merchant, owner of Flatford Mill in East Bergholt and, later, Dedham Mill in Essex. Golding <mask> owned a small ship, The Telegraph, which he moored at Mistley on the Stour estuary, and used to transport corn to London. He was a cousin of the London tea merchant, Abram Newman. Although <mask> was his parents' second son, his older brother was intellectually disabled and <mask> was expected to succeed his father in the business. After a brief period at a boarding school in Lavenham, he was enrolled in a day school in Dedham. <mask> worked in the corn business after leaving school, but his younger brother Abram eventually

masks:
John Constable
John Fisher
Constable
John Constable
) Constable
Constable
Constable
John
Constable


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 took over the running of the mills.In his youth, <mask> embarked on amateur sketching trips in the surrounding Suffolk and Essex countryside, which was to become the subject of a large proportion of his art. These scenes, in his own words, "made me a painter, and I am grateful"; "the sound of water escaping from mill dams etc., willows, old rotten planks, slimy posts, and brickwork, I love such things." He was introduced to George Beaumont, a collector, who showed him his prized Hagar and the Angel by Claude Lorrain, which inspired <mask>. Later, while visiting relatives in Middlesex, he was introduced to the professional artist <mask> Smith, who advised him on painting but also urged him to remain in his father's business rather than take up art professionally. In 1799, <mask> persuaded his father to let him pursue a career in art, and Golding granted him a small allowance. Entering the Royal Academy Schools as a probationer, he attended life classes and anatomical dissections, and studied and copied old masters. Among works that particularly inspired him during this period were paintings by Thomas Gainsborough, Claude Lorrain, Peter Paul Rubens, Annibale Carracci and Jacob van Ruisdael.He also read widely among poetry and sermons, and later proved a notably articulate artist. In 1802 he refused the position of drawing master at Great Marlow Military College (now Sandhurst), a move which Benjamin West (then master of the RA) counselled would mean the end of his career. In that year, <mask> wrote a letter to <mask> in which he spelled out his determination to become a professional landscape painter:

His early style has many qualities associated with his mature

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Constable
Constable
John Thomas
Constable
Constable
John Dunthorne


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 work, including a freshness of light, colour and touch, and reveals the compositional influence of the old masters he had studied, notably of Claude Lorrain. <mask>'s usual subjects, scenes of ordinary daily life, were unfashionable in an age that looked for more romantic visions of wild landscapes and ruins. He made occasional trips further afield. By 1803, he was exhibiting paintings at the Royal Academy. In April he spent almost a month aboard the East Indiaman  as it visited south-east ports while sailing from London to Deal before leaving for China.In 1806 <mask> undertook a two-month tour of the Lake District. He told his friend and biographer, Charles Leslie, that the solitude of the mountains oppressed his spirits, and Leslie wrote:

<mask> adopted a routine of spending winter in London and painting at East Bergholt in summer. In 1811 he first visited <mask> and his family in Salisbury, a city whose cathedral and surrounding landscape were to inspire some of his greatest paintings. To make ends meet, <mask> took up portraiture, which he found dull, though he executed many fine portraits. He also painted occasional religious pictures but, according to <mask>, "<mask>'s incapacity as a religious painter cannot be overstated." Another source of income was country house painting. In 1816, he was commissioned by Major-General Francis Slater-Rebow to paint his country home, Wivenhoe Park, Essex.The Major-General also commissioned a smaller painting of the fishing lodge in the grounds of Alresford Hall, which is now in the National Gallery of Victoria. <mask> used the money from these commissions towards his wedding with Maria Bicknell. Marriage

From 1809,

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Constable
Constable
Constable
John Fisher
Constable
John Walker
Constable
Constable


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 his childhood friendship with Maria Elizabeth Bicknell developed into a deep, mutual love. Their marriage in 1816 when <mask> was 40 was opposed by Maria's grandfather, Dr Rhudde, rector of East Bergholt. He considered the <mask>s his social inferiors and threatened Maria with disinheritance. Maria's father, Charles Bicknell, solicitor to George IV and the Admiralty, was reluctant to see Maria throw away her inheritance. Maria pointed out to <mask> that a penniless marriage would detract from any chances he had of making a career in painting.Golding and <mask>, while approving the match, held out no prospect of supporting the marriage until <mask> was financially secure. After they died in quick succession, <mask> inherited a fifth share in the family business. <mask> and Maria's marriage in October 1816 at St Martin-in-the-Fields (with Fisher officiating) was followed by time at Fisher's vicarage and a honeymoon tour of the south coast. The sea at Weymouth and Brighton stimulated <mask> to develop new techniques of brilliant colour and vivacious brushwork. At the same time, a greater emotional range began to be expressed in his art. Three weeks before their marriage, <mask> revealed that he had started work on his most ambitious project to date In a letter to Maria Bicknell from East Bergholt, he wrote:

The picture was Flatford Mill (Scene on a Navigable River), it was the largest canvas of a working scene on the River Stour that he had worked on to date and the largest he would ever complete largely outdoors. <mask> was determined to paint on a larger scale, his objective was not only to attract more attention at the Royal Academy exhibitions but also, it

masks:
Constable
Constable
John
Ann Constable
Constable
Constable
John
Constable
Constable
Constable


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 seems, to project his ideas about landscape on a scale more in keeping with the achievements of the classical landscape painters he so admired.Although Flatford Mill failed to find a buyer when it was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1817. Its fine and intricate execution drew much praise, encouraging <mask> to move on to the even larger canvases that were to follow. The ‘Six-Footers’

Although he managed to scrape an income from painting, it was not until 1819 that <mask> sold his first important canvas, The White Horse, described by Charles Robert Leslie as ‘on many accounts the most important picture <mask> ever painted'''. The painting (without the frame) sold for the substantial price of 100 guineas to his friend <mask>, finally providing <mask> with a level of financial freedom he had never before known. The White Horse marked an important turning point in <mask>’s career; its success saw him elected an associate of the Royal Academy and it led to a series of six monumental landscapes depicting narratives on the River Stour known as the ‘six-footers’ (named for their scale). Viewed as ‘the knottiest and most forceful landscapes produced in 19th-century Europe’, for many they are the defining works of the artist's career. The series also includes Stratford Mill, 1820 (National Gallery, London); The Hay Wain, 1821 (National Gallery, London); View on the Stour near Dedham, 1822 (Huntington Library and Art Gallery, Los Angeles County); The Lock, 1824 (Private Collection); and The Leaping Horse, 1825 (Royal Academy of Arts, London).The following year, his second six-footer Stratford Mill was exhibited. The Examiner described it as having ‘a more exact look of

masks:
Constable
Constable
Constable
John Fisher
Constable
Constable


texts: nature than any picture we have ever seen by an Englishman’. The painting was a success, acquiring a buyer in the loyal <mask>, who purchased it for  100 guineas, a price he himself thought too low. Fisher bought the painting for his solicitor and friend, <mask> Tinney. Tinney loved the painting so much, he offered <mask> another 100 guineas to paint a companion picture, an offer the artist didn’t take up. In 1821, his most famous painting The Hay Wain was shown at the Royal Academy's exhibition. Although it failed to find a buyer, It was viewed by some important people of the time, including two Frenchmen, the artist Théodore Géricault and writer Charles Nodier.According to the painter Eugène Delacroix, Géricault returned to France ’quite stunned‘ by <mask>’s painting, while Nodier suggested French artists should also look to nature rather than relying on trips to Rome for inspiration. It was eventually purchased, along with View on the Stour near Dedham, by the Anglo-French dealer <mask>, in 1824. A small painting of Yarmouth Jetty was added to the bargain by <mask>, with the sale totalling £250. Both paintings were exhibited at the Paris Salon that year, where they caused a sensation, with the Hay Wain being awarded a gold medal by Charles X. The Hay Wain was later acquired by the collector Henry Vaughan who donated it to the National Gallery in 1886. Of <mask>'s colour, Delacroix wrote in his journal: "What he says here about the green of his meadows can be applied to every tone". Delacroix repainted the background of his 1824 Massacre de Scio after seeing the Constables at Arrowsmith's Gallery, which he said had done him a great deal of good.A number of

masks:
John Fisher
John Pern
Constable
Constable
John Arrowsmith
Constable
Constable


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 distractions meant that The Lock wasn't finished in time for the 1823 exhibition, leaving the much smaller Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop's Grounds as the artist's main entry. This may have occurred after Fisher forwarded <mask> the money for the painting. This both helped him out of a financial difficulty and nudged him along to get the painting done. The Lock was therefore exhibited the following year to more fanfare and sold for 150 guineas on the first day of the exhibition, the only <mask> ever to do so. The Lock is the only upright landscape of the Stour series and the only six-footer that <mask> painted more than one version of. A second version now known as the ‘Foster version’ was painted in 1825 and kept by the artist to send to exhibitions. A third, landscape version, known as ‘A Boat Passing a Lock’ (1826) is now in the collection of the Royal Academy of Arts.<mask>’s final attempt, The Leaping Horse, was the only six-footer from the Stour series that didn’t sell in <mask>’s lifetime. Later life

<mask>’s pleasure at his own success was dampened after his wife started displaying symptoms of tuberculosis. Her growing illness meant that <mask> took lodgings for his family in Brighton from 1824 until 1828, in the hope the sea air could restore her health. During this period <mask> split his time between Charlotte Street in London and Brighton. This change saw <mask> move away from large scale Stour scenes in favour of coastal scenes. He continued painting six-foot canvases, although he was initially unsure of the suitability of Brighton as a subject for painting. In a letter to Fisher in 1824 he wrote

In his lifetime, <mask> sold only 20

masks: Constable Constable Constable Constable Constable Constable Constable Constable Constable Constable


texts: paintings in England, but in France he sold more than 20 in just a few years.Despite this, he refused all invitations to travel internationally to promote his work, writing to Francis Darby: "I would rather be a poor man [in England] than a rich man abroad." In 1825, perhaps due partly to the worry of his wife's ill-health, the uncongeniality of living in Brighton ("Piccadilly by the seaside"), and the pressure of numerous outstanding commissions, he quarreled with Arrowsmith and lost his French outlet.Chain Pier, Brighton was his only ambitious six-foot painting of a Brighton subject, it was exhibited in 1827. The <mask>s persevered in Brighton for five years to aid Maria’s health, but to no avail. After the birth of their seventh child in January 1828, they returned to Hampstead where Maria died on 23 November at the age of 41. Intensely saddened, <mask> wrote to his brother Golding, "hourly do I feel the loss of my departed Angel—God only knows how my children will be brought up...the face of the World is totally changed to me". Thereafter, he dressed in black and was, according to Leslie, "a prey to melancholy and anxious thoughts". He cared for his seven children alone for the rest of his life.The children were <mask>, Maria Louisa, Charles Golding, Isobel, Emma, Alfred, and Lionel. Only Charles Golding <mask> produced offspring, a son. Shortly before Maria died, her father had also died, leaving her £20,000. <mask> speculated disastrously with the money, paying for the engraving of several mezzotints of some of his landscapes in preparation for a publication. He was hesitant and indecisive, nearly fell out with his engraver, and when the folios were

masks:
Constable
Constable
John Charles
Constable
Constable


texts: published, could not interest enough subscribers. <mask> collaborated closely with mezzotinter David Lucas on 40 prints after his landscapes, one of which went through 13 proof stages, corrected by <mask> in pencil and paint. <mask> said, "Lucas showed me to the public without my faults", but the venture was not a financial success.This period saw his art move from the serenity of its earlier phase, to a more broken and accented style. The turmoil and distress of his mind is clearly seen in his later six-foot masterpieces Hadleigh Castle (1829) and Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows (1831), which are amongst his most expressive pieces. He was elected to the Royal Academy in February 1829, at the age of 52. In 1831 he was appointed Visitor at the Royal Academy, where he seems to have been popular with the students. He began to deliver public lectures on the history of landscape painting, which were attended by distinguished audiences. In a series of lectures at the Royal Institution, <mask> proposed a three-fold thesis: firstly, landscape painting is scientific as well as poetic; secondly, the imagination cannot alone produce art to bear comparison with reality; and thirdly, no great painter was ever self-taught. He also spoke against the new Gothic Revival movement, which he considered mere "imitation".In 1835, his last lecture to students of the Royal Academy, in which he praised Raphael and called the Academy the "cradle of British art", was "cheered most heartily". He died on the night of 31 March 1837, apparently from heart failure, and was buried with Maria in the graveyard of St John-at-Hampstead Church in Hampstead in London. (His children <mask> <mask>

masks:
Constable
Constable
Constable
Constable
John Charles
Constable


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 and Charles Golding <mask> are also buried in this family tomb.) Locations
Bridge Cottage is a National Trust property, open to the public. Nearby Flatford Mill and Willy Lott's Cottage (the house visible in The Hay Wain) are used by the Field Studies Council for courses. The largest collection of original <mask> paintings outside London is on display at Christchurch Mansion in Ipswich. Somerville College, Oxford is in possession of a portrait by <mask>.Art

<mask> quietly rebelled against the artistic culture that taught artists to use their imagination to compose their pictures rather than nature itself. He told Leslie, "When I sit down to make a sketch from nature, the first thing I try to do is to forget that I have ever seen a picture". Although <mask> produced paintings throughout his life for the "finished" picture market of patrons and R.A. exhibitions, constant refreshment in the form of on-the-spot studies was essential to his working method. He was never satisfied with following a formula. "The world is wide", he wrote, "no two days are alike, nor even two hours; neither were there ever two leaves of a tree alike since the creation of all the world; and the genuine productions of art, like those of nature, are all distinct from each other." <mask> painted many full-scale preliminary sketches of his landscapes to test the composition in advance of finished pictures. These large sketches, with their free and vigorous brushwork, were revolutionary at the time, and they continue to interest artists, scholars and the general public.The oil sketches of The Leaping Horse and The Hay Wain, for example, convey a vigour and expressiveness missing from

masks: Constable Constable Constable Constable Constable Constable


texts: <mask>'s finished paintings of the same subjects. Possibly more than any other aspect of <mask>'s work, the oil sketches reveal him in retrospect to have been an avant-garde painter, one who demonstrated that landscape painting could be taken in a totally new direction. <mask>'s watercolours were also remarkably free for their time: the almost mystical Stonehenge, 1835, with its double rainbow, is often considered to be one of the greatest watercolours ever painted. When he exhibited it in 1836, <mask> appended a text to the title: "The mysterious monument of Stonehenge, standing remote on a bare and boundless heath, as much unconnected with the events of past ages as it is with the uses of the present, carries you back beyond all historical records into the obscurity of a totally unknown period." In addition to the full-scale oil sketches, <mask> completed numerous observational studies of landscapes and clouds, determined to become more scientific in his recording of atmospheric conditions. The power of his physical effects was sometimes apparent even in the full-scale paintings which he exhibited in London; The Chain Pier, 1827, for example, prompted a critic to write: "the atmosphere possesses a characteristic humidity about it, that almost imparts the wish for an umbrella". The sketches themselves were the first ever done in oils directly from the subject in the open air, with the notable exception of the oil sketches Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes made in Rome around 1780.To convey the effects of light and movement, <mask> used broken brushstrokes, often in small touches, which he scumbled over lighter passages, creating an impression of sparkling light


texts: enveloping the entire landscape. One of the most expressionistic and powerful of all his studies is Seascape Study with Rain Cloud, painted about 1824 at Brighton, which captures with slashing dark brushstrokes the immediacy of an exploding cumulus shower at sea. <mask> also became interested in painting rainbow effects, for example in Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows, 1831, and in Cottage at East Bergholt, 1833. To the sky studies he added notes, often on the back of the sketches, of the prevailing weather conditions, direction of light, and time of day, believing that the sky was "the key note, the standard of scale, and the chief organ of sentiment" in a landscape painting. In this habit he is known to have been influenced by the pioneering work of the meteorologist Luke Howard on the classification of clouds; <mask>'s annotations of his own copy of Researches About Atmospheric Phaenomena by Thomas Forster show him to have been fully abreast of meteorological terminology. "I have done a good deal of skying", <mask> wrote to Fisher on 23 October 1821; "I am determined to conquer all difficulties, and that most arduous one among the rest". <mask> once wrote in a letter to Leslie, "My limited and abstracted art is to be found under every hedge, and in every lane, and therefore nobody thinks it worth picking up".He could never have imagined how influential his honest techniques would turn out to be. <mask>'s art inspired not only contemporaries like Géricault and Delacroix, but the Barbizon School, and the French impressionists of the late nineteenth century. In 2019 two drawings by <mask> were unearthed in a dusty cardboard-box filled with drawings; the


texts:
 drawings sold for £60,000 and £32,000 at auction. Gallery

 Selected paintings

 Dedham Vale (1802) – Victoria and Albert Museum, LondonThe Stour (1810) – Philadelphia Museum of Art
 Landscape: Two Boys Fishing (1813) – Anglesey Abbey, Cambs, NT
 Landscape: Ploughing Scene in Suffolk (1814, revised c. 1816 and 1831) – Yale Center for British Art, New Haven
  The Mill Stream, Flatford (1814) – Christchurch Mansion, IpswichThe Stour Valley And Dedham Village (1814–1815) – Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
 Boat-building near Flatford Mill (1815) – Victoria and Albert Museum, London
 Golding Constable's Flower Garden (1815) – Christchurch Mansion, Ipswich
 Golding Constable's Kitchen Garden (1815) – Christchurch Mansion, Ipswich
 Portrait of Maria Bicknell, Mrs. <mask> (1816) – Tate Britain, London
 Wivenhoe Park, Essex (1816) – National Gallery of Art, Washington,


texts:
<mask><mask><mask> (born 1972) is a British Indian academic, journalist, activist and writer who has lived and worked in Zimbabwe, South Africa, and the United States for extended periods. He has been referred to as "the rock star of social justice writing." Early life and education
Born to a mother from Kenya and a father from Fiji, he grew up in Golders Green in north-west London where his family ran a corner shop. <mask> received a BA in Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE), from Oxford, and a master's degree from the London School of Economics, and gained his PhD in Development Sociology from Cornell University in 2002. As part of his academic training, <mask> worked at the World Bank, World Trade Organization, and the United Nations. He has since become an outspoken public critic of all of these organisations, and reports having been tear-gassed on four continents protesting against his former employers. Career
<mask> is an educator and academic.He has written articles and books. He is possibly best known for his 2008 book, Stuffed and Starved: The Hidden Battle for the World Food System. In 2009, he published The Value of Nothing which was on The New York Times best-seller list during February 2010. In 2017, he published, with co-author , A History of the World in Seven Cheap Things: A Guide to Capitalism, Nature, and the Future of the Planet (University of California Press). He has been a visiting scholar at Yale University, the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Texas at Austin. <mask> is listed as a Research Professor at the LBJ School of Public Affairs of the University of Texas at Austin. Activism

<mask> was one of many organizers in the 1999 protests in Seattle, Washington, and has organised in support of food sovereignty.More recently he has  resided and worked extensively in Zimbabwe and in South Africa. He was refused a visa extension by the Mugabe regime for his political involvement with the pro-democracy movement. He is associated through his work on food with the Via Campesina movement, and through his work on urban poverty

masks:
Rajeev "
Raj
" Patel
Patel
Patel
Patel
Patel
Patel


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 and resistance with Abahlali baseMjondolo and the Landless Peoples Movement. <mask> has written a number of criticisms of various aspects of the policies and research methods of the World Bank and was a co-editor, with Christopher Brooke, of the online leftist webzine The Voice of the Turtle. Film appearances
In 2012, he appeared in the National Film Board of Canada documentary Payback, based on Margaret Atwood's Payback: Debt and the Shadow Side of Wealth, which premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival. He appears in the documentary film A Place at the Table which opened in the US on 1 March 2013. Honours and awards
In 2007 he was invited to give the keynote address at the University of Abahlali baseMjondolo graduation ceremony.He administers the organisation's website. In 2008 he was asked to testify on the global food crisis before the House Financial Services Committee in the USA. In 2009 he joined the advisory board of Corporate Accountability International's Value the Meal campaign. In January 2010 some adherents of Share International, following an announcement by Benjamin Creme, concluded that <mask> could be the Maitreya. <mask> denied being the Maitreya. Political views

<mask> is a libertarian socialist and has described himself as "someone who has very strong anarchist sympathies." In his book The Value of Nothing he praised the grassroots participatory democracy practised in the Zapatista Councils of Good Government in southern Mexico and has advocated similar decentralist models of economic democracy and confederal administration as templates to go by for social justice movements in the global north.He described himself in 2010 as "not a communist [or socialist] ... just open minded". Nonetheless, the analysis of A History of the World in Seven Cheap Things: A Guide to Capitalism, Nature, and the Future of the Planet,  published seven years later, locates its concept of "cheapness" within a Marxist framework. According to the authors, "Capitalism values only what it can count, and it can count only dollars. Every capitalist wants to invest as little and

masks: Patel Patel Patel Patel


texts:
 profit as much as possible. For capitalism, this means that the whole system thrives when powerful states and capitalists can reorganize global nature, invest as little as they can, and receive as much food, work, energy, and raw materials with as little disruption as possible." This extrapolates a key formulation by Marx: “The battle of competition is fought by the cheapening of commodities.”

Quotes

Personal life
<mask> became a US citizen on 7 January 2010. In an interview with The New Yorker'''s Lauren Collins, he considers himself an atheist Hindu.BooksStuffed and Starved: The Hidden Battle for the World Food System (2008)Food Rebellions! Crisis and the Hunger for Justice, Eric Holt Giménez, <mask> (2009)Food Rebellions! : Forging Food Sovereignty to Solve the Global Food Crisis (2009)The Value of Nothing: How to Reshape Market Society and Redefine Democracy (2010)
Forward to No Land! No House! No Vote! Voices from Symphony Way by the Symphony Way Pavement Dwellers (2011)A History of the World in Seven Cheap Things: A Guide to Capitalism, Nature, and the Future of the Planet (2017), with Jason W. MooreInflamed: Deep Medicine and the Anatomy of Injustice'' (2021), with Rupa Marya

See also
Abahlali baseMjondolo
Landless Peoples Movement
Landless Workers' Movement
Slow Food
Via Campesina
Zapatista Army of National Liberation

References

External links

<mask>'s website
Stuffed & Starved Website
A list of journalism available online by <mask>

1972 births
Living people
Abahlali baseMjondolo members
Alumni of the London School of Economics
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Anti-consumerists
Anti-globalization activists
Anti-globalization writers
British anarchists
British atheists
British democracy activists
British economists
British food writers
British Hindus
British political writers
British social commentators
British socialists
British sociologists
Cornell University alumni
Criticism of capitalism
Deified people
English people of Indian descent
Gujarati people
Libertarian socialists
South African democracy activists
South African economists
Writers from

masks:
Patel
Raj Patel
Raj Patel
Raj Patel


texts:
<mask> (848/849 – 26 October 899) was King of the West Saxons from 871 to  and King of the Anglo-Saxons from  until his death in 899. He was the youngest son of King <mask>lf and his first wife Osburh, who both died when <mask> was young. Three of <mask>'s brothers, Æthelbald, <mask> and Æthelred, reigned in turn before him. Under <mask>'s rule, considerable administrative and military reforms were introduced, prompting lasting change in England. After ascending the throne, <mask> spent several years fighting Viking invasions. He won a decisive victory in the Battle of Edington in 878 and made an agreement with the Vikings, dividing England between Anglo-Saxon territory and the Viking-ruled Danelaw, composed of northern England, the north-east Midlands and East Anglia. <mask> also oversaw the conversion of Viking leader Guthrum to Christianity.He defended his kingdom against the Viking attempt at conquest, becoming the dominant ruler in England. Details of his life are described in a work by 9th-century Welsh scholar and bishop Asser. <mask> had a reputation as a learned and merciful man of a gracious and level-headed nature who encouraged education, proposing that primary education be conducted in Old English rather than Latin and improving the legal system and military structure and his people's quality of life. He was given the epithet "the Great" in the 16th century. Family

<mask> was a son of Æthelwulf, king of Wessex, and his wife Osburh. According to his biographer, Asser, writing in 893, "In the year of our Lord's Incarnation 849 <mask>, King of the Anglo-Saxons", was

masks:
Alfred the Great
Æthelwu
Alfred
Alfred
Æthelberht
Alfred
Alfred
Alfred
Alfred
Alfred
Alfred