texts:
 Washington. She and <mask> held regular social sessions in Washington. Rumor had it that they were lovers. <mask> served on the board of trustees for Science Service, now known and Society for Science & the Public, from 1923-1927. <mask> died age 80 on April 14, 1958, at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland.At his death, obituaries were read into the Congressional Record from the Baltimore News-Post, Baltimore Evening Sun, Washington Evening Star, Washington Post, Roanoke Times, Pittsburgh Press, and Charleston News & Courier. Legacy

"The Great Game of Politics"

The start of Kent's daily column "The Great Game of Politics" was of such note that weekly news magazine Time covered it with its own article. Memorial lecture

The Johns Hopkins University sponsors a <mask><mask> Memorial Lecture in Journalism. Speakers have included: Russell Baker, Walter Cronkite, Sam Donaldson, David Halberstam, Ted Koppel, Jane Bryant Quinn, James Reston, and Marvin Kalb. Recognition

In 1923, Time magazine wrote, "<mask><mask>, of the Baltimore Sun, has a habit of writing articles for his paper that would be produced in toto in Time would space and the copyright law permit." After becoming chief of the Washington bureau of the New York Times in 1931, Arthur Krock said that <mask>, Richard V. Oulahan (Krock's predecessor at the Times) and J. C. O'Laughlin of the Chicago Tribune were the best and most influential members of the Washington press corps, "not only in their coverage of the general news, but in producing news of special depth and authority due to the fact that they had quick access to presidents, Cabinet members and the leaders of Congress." At the time of his death in 1958, the New York Times called him "a spear that knew no brother" (referring to his disregard for having "friends in the Senate").In 1997, the Baltimore Sun said of <mask>:Before "Crossfire" and "The

masks:
Kent
Kent
Kent
Frank R
. Kent
Frank R
. Kent
Kent
Kent


type: original

texts:
 McLaughlin Group," before Germond-Witcover, before Robert Novak and William Safire, before Sam and George and Cokie and even before David, before "Meet the Press" with Tim Russert, even before "Meet the Press" with Lawrence Spivak, there was -- <mask>. <mask> ... who more or less invented "inside-the-Beltway" journalism in the 1920s and honed it into its present-day shape and sharpness in the 1930s. In the 1990s, House Speaker Newt Gingrich argued that <mask> should serve as the model for Washington journalists because <mask> genuinely liked politicians and understood them as human beings. Works

<mask>'s book The Great Game of Politics (1924) was an influential statement that influenced V. O. Key Jr. and the "behavioral school of politics". <mask> explained the real rules of the game of politics as actually played by politicians. The Story of Maryland Politics (1911)
 The Great Game of Politics (1924)
 History of the Democratic Party (1925)
 Political Behavior (1928)

References

External links
 <mask><mask> Memorial Lecture: Phillip Potter, "The Press, the President, and Vietnam", 10 May 1968

Further reading
 Best, Gary Dean. The Critical Press and the New Deal: The Press Versus Presidential Power, 1933-1938 (1993)
 Fitzgerald, Keith."History, institutions, and political culture: V.O. Key as an exemplar for a revived research program". Political Science Reviewer (December 31, 2000). Goll, Eugene W.  "<mask><mask>'s Opposition to <mask>. Roosevelt and the New Deal", Maryland Historical Magazine 1968 63(2): 158–171. Riley, Sam G. ed. Biographical Dictionary of American Newspaper Columnists (1995) pp 155–6
 <mask>, <mask>. The Great Game of Politics: An Effort to Present the Elementary Human Facts About Politics, Politicians, and Political Machines, Candidates and Their Ways (1923)

1877 births
1958 deaths
American male journalists
American political writers
American

masks:
Frank R
Kent
Frank Kent
Kent
Kent
Kent
Frank R
. Kent
Frank R
. Kent
Franklin D
Kent
Frank R


texts:
<mask> (December 25, 1889 – February 18, 1982) was an American composer, conductor, clarinetist, pianist, business executive, and music director. Early career
<mask> (originally named Natan Schüldkraut) was born in New York City, United States, to parents who emigrated from Lemberg (now Lviv in Ukraine). His father played a number of instruments, and made certain that Nat and his three brothers were all accomplished musicians at an early age. Older brother <mask> was a fine pianist who also worked in the insurance industry. Younger brother <mask> had a career that paralleled <mask>'s career: he played clarinet and piano, recorded extensively, and conducted and played piano on the radio and in motion pictures. The youngest brother <mask> was a medical doctor, who worked his way through school playing trumpet, and continued to play trumpet frequently in <mask>'s orchestras, particularly for radio broadcasts, long after he was a practicing allergist. <mask>'s brother-in-law, <mask>, was a violinist in many organizations in his youth and was musical director for Paramount Pictures and later for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, at one time being <mask>'s boss.<mask> was a child prodigy, touring the country with the New York Boys' Orchestra from the ages of seven to thirteen as their clarinet soloist. From his late teens to mid-twenties he was a clarinetist in the best New York music organizations, including the New York Philharmonic Society (under Vasily Safonov and Gustav Mahler), the New York Symphony Orchestra, the Metropolitan Opera House Orchestra, the Russian Symphony Orchestra, Victor Herbert's Orchestra, Arnold Volpe's Orchestra, Sousa's Grand Concert Band, Arthur Pryor's Band, and Edwin Franko Goldman's Band. He was also a rehearsal pianist for Walter Damrosch, playing for stars who included dancer Isadora Duncan. In June 1914, he

masks:
Nathaniel Shilkret
Shilkret
Lew Shilkret
Jack Shilkret
Nathaniel
Harry Shilkret
Nathaniel
Nathaniel Shilkret
Nathaniel Finston
Nathaniel Shilkret
Shilkret


texts:
 married Anne Finston (née Anna Finston aka Finkelstein; 1895–1958), sister of a fellow musician <mask> (né <mask> Finkelstein; 1890–1979). <mask> and Anna Finston had a son, <mask> (1915–1982). He joined the Foreign Department of the Victor Talking Machine Company (later RCA Victor) around 1915, and soon was made manager of the department. In 1926, <mask> became "director of light music" for Victor.He directed thousands of recordings, possibly more than anyone in recording history. His son Arthur estimated the sales of these records was of the order of 50 million copies. He formed, wrote arrangements for, and conducted the Victor Salon Orchestra. He was the conductor of choice for many of Victor's innovative recordings. He conducted Victor's first record made by the electrical process in 1925, the first commercial (albeit unsuccessful) Victor Long Playing record in 1931, and was the first conductor to successfully dub an electrically recorded orchestral accompaniment over the acoustically recorded vocals of Enrico Caruso, Victor's star recording artist, who died in 1921, before electrical recording was developed. The premiere recording of George Gershwin's symphonic poem An American in Paris, in 1929, was one of five conducted by <mask> that later earned Grammy Awards. <mask> also conducted Paul Whiteman's Orchestra in the first electrical recording of Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue in 1927 (after Whiteman refused to conduct following a disagreement with Gershwin).Radio and the recording studio
He was also one of radio's earliest stars, estimating that he made over 3000 broadcasts between 1925 and 1941, including being the conductor for The Eveready Hour, regarded as the first major commercial broadcast and the first major variety show. His sponsors included Camel, Carnation, Chesterfield, Esso, Eveready, General Electric,

masks:
Nathaniel Finston
Nathaniel William
Nathaniel Shilkret
Arthur Shilkret
Shilkret
Shilkret
Shilkret


texts:
 General Motors, Hires Root Beer, Knickerbocker, Lysol, Maxwell House, Mobil Oil, Palmolive, RCA Victor, Salada tea and Smith Brothers' Cough Drops. Between his conducting for records and for radio, virtually every musical star of the day performed under the baton of <mask>. His orchestra members included Jimmy Dorsey, Tommy Dorsey, Benny Goodman, Lionel Hampton, Glenn Miller, Artie Shaw, Mike Mosiello, Joe Lipman and Del Staigers. George Gershwin, Jascha Heifetz, Mischa Elman and Andrés Segovia all played under his direction. Opera stars Rose Bampton, Lucrezia Bori, Feodor Chaliapin, Jon Crain, Richard Crooks, Miguel Fleta, Emilio de Gogorza, Amelita Galli-Curci, Mary Garden, Beniamino Gigli, Helen Jepson, Maria Jeritza, Giovanni Martinelli, Nino Martini, John McCormack, James Melton, Grace Moore, Jan Peerce, Lily Pons, Rosa Ponselle, Elisabeth Rethberg, Gladys Rice, Tito Schipa, Gladys Swarthout, John Charles Thomas, and Lawrence Tibbett were all conducted by <mask> in their recordings of light-classical and popular songs. The lists of popular singers and foreign artists that played under his direction are just as impressive.Compositions

He composed and arranged thousands of pieces. His best-known popular composition was "The Lonesome Road", first sung by co-writer Gene Austin, and later by Jules Bledsoe (dubbing Stepin Fetchit) in the final scene of the 1929 part-talkie film version of Show Boat, and recorded by more than two hundred artists, including Louis Armstrong, Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra and Paul Robeson. He composed the theme song "Lady Divine" for the Academy Award-winning film The Divine Lady in 1929. He also composed the theme song "Some Sweet Day" for the film Children of the Ritz in the same year. His composition "Jeannine, I Dream of Lilac Time" sold almost two million copies of sheet music and was also

masks:
Nathaniel Shilkret
Nathaniel Shilkret


texts:
 recorded by over a hundred top artists, including Louis Armstrong, Skitch Henderson, Guy Lombardo, The London Philharmonic Orchestra, John McCormack, Mitch Miller, Hugo Montenegro, The Platters, and Lawrence Welk. His Concerto for Trombone was premiered in 1945 by Tommy Dorsey, playing with the New York Symphony Orchestra, under the direction of Leopold Stokowski. The piece was unavailable to the public from the mid-1950s until Scottish trombonist Bryan Free rescued it from obscurity at the beginning of the 21st century.It was re-premiered at Carnegie Hall by the New York Pops, under the direction of Skitch Henderson, with Jim Pugh as soloist. Since its revival, the Concerto for Trombone has been performed about eighty times (with more performances scheduled) in the United States, Canada and several European countries. Later career
<mask> left RCA Victor in mid-1935, but continued to record occasionally for the company. His last recording released on the Victor label was the American Banjo Album (P-218) recorded in October 1946. This album was reissued shortly after the Victor issue as one side of an LP under the Aztec label. <mask> moved to Los Angeles in late 1935 and there contributed music scores and musical direction for a string of Hollywood films for RKO (as musical director from 1935 to 1937), Walter Lantz Productions (one of the studio's musical directors during 1937) and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (as a musical director from 1942 to 1946). His films included Mary of Scotland (1936), Swing Time (1936), The Plough and the Stars, and Shall We Dance?(1937) and several films of Laurel and Hardy. He also received an Oscar nomination for his work scoring the film version of Maxwell Anderson's stage drama Winterset (1936). In 1939, he conducted a group of soloists (including tenor Jan Peerce) and the Victor Symphony Orchestra for

masks: Shilkret Shilkret


texts:
 RCA Victor's multi-disc tribute to Victor Herbert, which were recorded following a special NBC radio broadcast, and he recorded a number of other albums in 1939 and 1940. Due to a serious abdominal operation for cancer removal, he did not conduct for most of 1941. In 1944–45, <mask> led the collaborative project that created Genesis Suite, a work for narrator, chorus, and orchestra based on the events in the biblical Book of Genesis. This collaboration involved <mask>, plus six other composers who immigrated to the United States from Europe – most of whom were Jewish – contributing one movement each: Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco, Darius Milhaud, Arnold Schoenberg, Igor Stravinsky, Alexandre Tansman and Ernst Toch. Shilkret also tried to involve Béla Bartók in the collaborative project, but this was unsuccessful.He worked at RKO-Pathe, making short films from 1946 through the mid-1950s. During this same period he recorded at least 260 transcriptions for SESAC. He was the pit orchestra conductor for the Broadway show Paris '90 in 1952. In 1951, <mask> wrote the music for a brief documentary titled, The Flying Padre, that was directed by a young Stanley Kubrick. He lived in his son's home in Franklin Square, New York from the mid-1950s, until his death in 1982. He was a great-uncle of actress Julie Warner. References

External links

<mask>
Nathaniel Shilkret recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings., written and directed by James A. Fitzpatrick; fictional 11-minute 1925 film short about Franz Liszt; <mask> appears, conducting his orchestra. 1889 births
1982 deaths
American male composers
American composers
Big band bandleaders
Musicians from New York (state)
Jewish American composers
Jewish American songwriters
Victor Records artists
Songwriters from New York (state)
20th-century American male

masks:
Shilkret
Shilkret
Shilkret
Nat Shilkret
Nathaniel Shilkret


texts:
<mask> is an American college soccer coach. <mask> is best known for his longstanding tenure as the head coach of the William & Mary Tribe men's soccer program in Williamsburg, Virginia and as a former President of United Soccer Coaches, the largest soccer coaches organization in the world. Early life
<mask> attended Baltimore City College High School (Class of 1965). He left Baltimore to study at The College of William & Mary (Class of 1969) where he played varsity lacrosse and soccer and majored in sociology. Coaching at William and Mary
Albert accepted an offer to be the full-time coach of the men's lacrosse and men's soccer programs at The College of William and Mary in 1971. As soccer became increasing popular both on campus and across the country – by 1977 - <mask> was exclusively coaching soccer at W&M. <mask> led the William and Mary "Tribe" men's soccer team as head coach for 33 seasons before retiring from coaching in January 2004.He amassed a record of 401–187–64 (.664) during his tenure and became just the eighth coach in NCAA Division I history to reach 400 wins, and just the third to have earned all those wins at one school. The Tribe ranked as one of the top programs in the nation throughout the 1990s, placing eighth in wins (149) and 13th in winning percentage (.708). The Tribe strung together 29 consecutive winning seasons and 26 straight campaigns of 10 wins or more under <mask>'s supervision. This level of winning consistency has only been matched by a handful of elite soccer programs across the country: UCLA, Clemson, St. Louis, Indiana, SMU, and UVA. Many of <mask>'s former players at William and Mary went on to have successful professional soccer careers; while many distinguished themselves in other ways outside the game.

masks:
Al Albert
Albert
Albert
Albert
Albert
Albert
Albert


texts:
 A great communicator, one of <mask>'s trademarks at W&M was the way he connected personally with his players on and off the field – even after graduation. In tribute to <mask>'s lasting impact on the landscape of sport at William and Mary, the university hosts all of its home soccer and lacrosse games at Albert-Daly Field, named after <mask> and long-time women's soccer head coach John Daly.Other Endeavors

Bibliography
<mask> authored the historical record William and Mary Men's Soccer (Images of Sports), published by Arcadia Publishing in 2010 as part of their Images of Sports series. The book is a 45-year retrospective of the program, and contains a foreword written by Tribe soccer's most famous alumnus, Jon Stewart of the Daily Show. Community Partnership
The Soccer Community Partnership in Williamsburg, VA was founded by <mask> in 2003 after his retirement from college coaching. The organization exists to provide local elementary school children the opportunity to play organized soccer regardless of socio-economic status. All of the programs are made possible by private donations and a legion of devoted volunteers. Hundreds of local children have participated in clinics, after-school activities, and the local recreational league through the Soccer Community Partnership. Maccabiah
<mask> assumed the role of head coach of the U.S. men's open soccer team at the 1981 and 1985 Maccabiah Games in Israel,  earning the silver medal in 1981.More recently, he assisted Amos Magee at the 2007 Pan-Am Maccabiah Games where the U.S. men's open team won the gold medal defeating the host Argentina 2–0 in the final game. NSCAA
The National Soccer Coaches Association of America ("NSCAA") is the largest single sport coaching organization in the world. In

masks:
Al
Albert
Albert
Al Albert
Albert
Albert


texts:
 2006, out of 22,000 members worldwide, <mask> was elected to serve as the NSCAA's 60th President. Today <mask> continues to be an active statesman within the organization, where he supports various coaching and developmental initiatives. <mask> was selected by the NSCAA as the 2011 recipient of the Association's Honor Award. The prestigious Honor Award is the final presentation given annually at the NSCAA Awards Banquet. Tidewater Soccer Camp
<mask> owned and operated Tidewater Soccer Camp for over 35 years.Tidewater Soccer Camp provided a soccer camping experience to thousands of young men and women from 1974 to 2009. Williamsburg Wizards
The Williamsburg Wizards were a dominant youth soccer team based in Williamsburg, Virginia. <mask> coached the Wizards for ten seasons. The team consisted of local boys born in 1979 and 1980. The team traveled across the country and Europe competing against the best teams in their age group. The Wizards won six Virginia State Cup championships at u-11, u-13, u-14, u-15, u-16, and u-19. Former players

William & Mary
Jon Stewart 1984 – Host of the Daily Show with Jon Stewart on Comedy Central
Mark Goldberg – Former owner/chairman of Crystal Palace Football Club (played 1982 and 1983 only)
Steve Christie – NFL veteran kicker (played spring only)
Curtis Pride – Major League Baseball outfielder and designated hitter (played spring only)
Greg Lalas – Soccer journalist (played 1990 only)
Scott Budnick 1993 – American professional soccer player
Paul Grafer 1996 – American professional soccer player and US Soccer Youth National Team Assistant Coach
Steve Jolley 1997 – American professional soccer player
Wade Barrett 1998 – American professional soccer player and former MLS coach
Adin Brown 2000 – American

masks:
Al Albert
Albert
Albert
Al Albert
Albert


texts:
 professional soccer player
Ralph Bean 2002 – Bermudian soccer player and coach
Carlos García 2003 – Colombian professional soccer player

Other
Jeff Agoos, 1985 World Maccabiah selection – American professional soccer player
Matt Behncke, Williamsburg Wizards – American professional soccer player
Daniel Cruz, Tidewater Soccer Camp – Colombian professional soccer player
Jarryd Goldberg, 2007 Pan-Am Maccabiah selection – American professional soccer player
Noah Palmer, Williamsburg Legacy – American professional soccer player
Gonzalo Segares, Williamsburg Legacy – Costa Rican professional soccer player

<mask> resides in Williamsburg, Virginia with his wife.They have two children. <mask> is currently the Associate Director of Athletic Development at The College of William and Mary. See also
 List of college men's soccer coaches with 400 wins

References

1949 births
Baltimore City College alumni
Jewish American sportspeople
Living people
Sportspeople from Williamsburg, Virginia
William & Mary Tribe men's soccer coaches
William & Mary Tribe men's soccer players
William & Mary Tribe men's lacrosse players
Association footballers not categorized by position
American soccer coaches
Soccer players from Maryland
Lacrosse players from Maryland
Sportspeople from Baltimore
Association football players not categorized by

masks:
Personal Albert
Albert


texts:
<mask>. (May 11, 1799 – March 4, 1836) was an American businessman, early philanthropist, and through his will, founder of the Lowell Institute. <mask> was the son of pioneer industrialist <mask> (1775–1817), one of the founders of the region's textile industry, and Hannah Jackson, sister of Patrick Tracy Jackson, another industrial pioneer. His grandfather and namesake, <mask> (1743–1802), referred to as The Old Judge, served in the Congress of the Confederation in 1782 and was appointed later to federal benches by presidents George Washington and <mask>. After receiving his early education in the Boston public schools, young <mask> was taken by his father to Europe and placed at the high school of Edinburgh. In 1813, at the age of 14, he returned to America and entered Harvard College. Plagued with ill health, he left college after two years and entered his family's mercantile firm, sailing before the mast to India, the East Indies, and England. Career
Returning from his voyages with invigorated health, <mask> devoted himself to business and, in his leisure time, to book collecting, reading, and politics, serving on the Boston Common Council and in the Massachusetts State Senate.The 1820s and 1830s were a turbulent period in New England, marked by intense political and religious conflict between an insurgent popular democracy, which challenged economic and religious establishments, and an emergent capitalist elite which, though almost invariably defeated at the polls, was learning to use its wealth to advance its political agenda through non-political means. Conflict between the Unitarian elite and the evangelical urban masses intensified in the 1820s, as followers of popular ministers like Lyman Beecher openly

masks:
John Lowell Jr
Family Lowell
Francis Cabot Lowell
Judge John Lowell
John Adams
Lowell
Lowell


texts: challenged elite-controlled institutions like Harvard and the Boston Athenaeum using a variety of voluntary associations—young men's and mechanics societies, lyceums, debating clubs, and temperance groups. The continuing erosion of the elite's cultural authority was deeply troubling to <mask> and his contemporaries. Within a few short months in 1830 and 1831, tragedy struck <mask>'s household, with the deaths of his wife and two children. Heartbroken, <mask> retired from business and attempted to assuage his grief with travel, first to the western states and subsequently in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. Before departing for Europe in 1832, he wrote a will in which, according to his biographer, "he set aside a large portion of his ample property to be expended, forever, in the support of those courses of lectures in the city of Boston." Over the course of the next four years, <mask> traveled through France, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Armenia, Persia, and Egypt, down the Nile to Khartoum, through Ethiopia, and ultimately to India.Although the bequest providing for "the maintenance and support of public lectures, to be delivered in Boston, upon philosophy, natural history, the arts and sciences, or any of them, as the trustee shall, from time to time, deem expedient for the promotion of the moral, and intellectual, and physical instruction or education of the citizens of Boston" had been set forth before his departure from Boston, "– in a codicil to his will written "amidst the ruins of Thebes" and, subsequently, in letters written from Egypt, he further amplified his ideas about the trust. Although he expressed a preference for lectures on religion and on topics that would contribute

masks:
Lowell
Lowell
John Lowell
Lowell


texts:
 to the material prosperity of the region, he ceded to his trustee discretion to "establish lectures on any subject that, in his opinion, the wants and taste of the age may demand". <mask> became gravely ill during a camel trip across the Egyptian desert and died on March 4, 1836, shortly after arriving in Bombay, India. Lowell Institute

Although large-scale philanthropic gestures were a relative novelty in early nineteenth century America, the idea of an elite institution providing popular lectures by eminent scientists and scholars was not. Having spent much of his youth in England, <mask> was undoubtedly familiar with the Royal Institution – an entity that sponsored basic scientific research and popular lectures and demonstrations. <mask>, a supporter of the Lyceum movement, first showed interest in providing education for the public as a founding member of the Boston Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge in 1830. After becoming ill while traveling through Egypt in 1835, <mask> Jr. revised his will to create a trust to fund free public lectures in Boston on the subjects of philosophy, natural history, and the arts and sciences.The trust—or Lowell Institute, as it came to be known—had an unusual mode of governance: a single trustee who was empowered to appoint his successor and who was, in the language of <mask>'s will, "always choose in preference to all others some male descendant of my grandfather, <mask>, provided there be one who is competent to hold the office of trustee, and of the name of <mask>." Despite this odd restriction (or perhaps because of it), the Institute proved to be an extraordinarily innovative philanthropic force. The first lecture supported by the trust, by Yale geologist Benjamin

masks:
Lowell
Lowell
Lowell
John Lowell
Lowell
John Lowell
Lowell


texts:
 Silliman, was offered in December 1839. Under its first trustee, the founder's cousin, <mask> <mask> (1798–1881), the Institute flourished. <mask> was both a man of extraordinary financial acumen and a man of high intellect. The list of Lowell Lecturers during his tenure was a veritable pantheon of the most internationally celebrated figures in science, literature, political economy, philosophy, and theology, including Britain's most celebrated geologist, Sir Charles Lyell, Swiss naturalist Louis Agassiz, and novelists Charles Dickens and William Makepeace Thackeray. The lectures were so immensely popular that crowds crushed the windows of the Old Corner Bookstore where the tickets were distributed and certain series had to be repeated by popular demand.See also
 <mask> family
 First Families of Boston
 Lowell Institute
 Charles Gleyre

Notes

References

Further reading
Bode, Carl. (1956) The American Lyceum, New York: Oxford University Press. Dalzell, Robert F. (1987) Enterprising Elite: The Boston Associates and the World They Made, Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Gelfand, Mark I. (1998) Trustee for a City: <mask> of Boston, Boston: Northeastern University Press. <mask>, <mask>, Jr. The <mask> Jr. papers, Boston: Massachusetts Historical Society.Knight Smith, Harriette. (1898) The History of the Lowell Institute, Boston: Lamson and Wolffe. Story, Ronald. (1981) The Forging of an Aristocracy: Harvard and Boston's Upper Class, Middletown: Wesleyan University Press. Weeks, Edward. (1966) The Lowells and Their Institute, Boston: Little Brown. 1799 births
1836 deaths
Harvard College alumni
Businesspeople from Boston
Philanthropists from Massachusetts
19th-century American philanthropists
19th-century American

masks:
John Amory
Lowell
Lowell
Lowell
Ralph Lowell
Lowell
John
John Lowell


texts:
Joseph-<mask>  was born on June 10, 1758 in Dompaire, in the Vosges region of France. He was a French-American architect who is noted for designing New York City Hall and St. Patrick's Old Cathedral in New York City. There is no information regarding his date or place of death. Early life

<mask> was born in 1758 in the Vosges region of France, the son of Jean-<mask>, the king's surgeon, and Marie Anne Milot, both from Dompaire. He left Dompaire around 1773 to study at a high school in Nancy, where he graduated in 1777. He then studied law at the University of Nancy, where he graduated in 1781. After spending a few years near Nancy as a lawyer, he decided to move to St Domingue (today Haiti) to make a fortune.He left France from Nantes on Oct, 25th 1784 and arrived in St Domingue on Dec, 7th 1784. Joseph François <mask> and his brother Charles had to flee Saint Domingue in 1793 as a consequence of the slave revolt which started in 1792. They arrived in New York City in December 1793. He became a surveyor for NYC, followed by becoming the architect of NYC Hall, St Patrick's original Cathedral, his business partner John McComb was the builder of city hall. He became a naturalized American citizen in 1796. Career
In New York, <mask> became a protégé of Alexander Hamilton, and, as a result of Hamilton's influence, <mask> was hired by the federal government to design fortifications for New York harbor. He also designed the city's first theatre in 1795, and the first prison for New York state, in the village of Greenwich on the Hudson River, which would, when subsumed by the growth of the city, become Greenwich Village.<mask> was appointed to be one of the handful of official recognized "city surveyors", he was a Military Engineer during the war of 1812  the United States. <mask> was at pains to point out to Hamilton his love for and allegiance to his adopted country: "I am an American,

masks:
François Mangin
Joseph François Mangin
Baptiste François Mangin
Mangin
Mangin
Mangin
Mangin
Mangin


texts: and the last drop of my blood will be shed in the service of my country." Prior to the New York City Commissioner’ Plan of 1811, the city's Common Council in 1797 commissioned city surveyors Casimir Goerck and Mangin to survey the streets of the city; Goerck and <mask> had each submitted individual proposals to the council, but then decided to team up. Goerck died of yellow fever during the course of the surveying, but <mask> completed it and delivered the draft of the Mangin-Goerck Plan to the Council in 1799 for correction of street names; the final engraved version would be presented to the Council in 1803. Unfortunately, Mangin had gone beyond the terms of the commission, and the map not only showed the existing streets of the city, but also, in <mask>'s words, "the City ... such as it is to be..."  In other words, the plan was a guide to where Mangin believed future streets should be laid out. The Council accepted the Mangin-Goerck Plan as "the new Map of the City" for four years, and even published it by subscription, until political machinations perhaps organized by Aaron Burr, the political enemy of <mask>'s mentor Alexander Hamilton, brought the plan into disrepute, and the Council ordered that copies which had already been sold be bought back, and that a label warning of "inaccuracies" be placed on any additional copies sold. Nevertheless, as the city grew, the Mangin-Goerck Plan became the de facto reference for where new streets would be built, and when the Commissioners' Plan was revealed in 1811, the area of the plan which the public had been warned was inaccurate and speculative, had been accepted wholesale by the commission, their plan being almost identical to Mangin's in that area.In 1802, <mask> and John McComb Jr- Builder. won a design contest to build New York's City Hall. The design, which was primarily <mask>'s – <mask> was renowned as the talented designer,

masks: Mangin Mangin Mangin Mangin Mangin Mangin Mangin


texts: while McComb came from a family of talented builders – won out over a field of 25 other entries, including one from Benjamin Henry Latrobe – a protogé of Alexander Hamilton's political enemy, Aaron Burr – who would go on to be known as the "Father of American Architecture", but would never design a building in New York City. Historian Gerard Koeppel speculates that it this snubbing of an architect from his circle for one from Hamilton's circle which was the cause of the downfall of the Mangin-Goerck Plan. <mask> would, for some time, be denied credit for his City Hall design: in 1803 the Common Council ordered some changes in the design. Perhaps because he disagreed with them, McComb supervised the work, and, as a result, the cornerstone for the building only listed McComb's name, and not <mask>'s. Then in the 1890s, a descendant of McComb erased <mask>'s name from the drawing they had submitted for the competition, so as to increase their value.In 1915, The New York Times, the city's "paper of record" accepted that McComb was the sole designer of the building, mentioning only that <mask> was "reputed" to have been associated with it. It wasn't until 2003 that <mask>'s true role as the principle designer of City Hall was uncovered by research, and an official ceremony was held to unveil a new cornerstone with his name on it. In Spring 1807, <mask> sold his property in New York City and purchased a tract of land -square in upstate New York, in Madrid in St. Lawrence County. He went to live there, intending it to be his lifelong residence, but returned to the city before the winter was out, getting back his old position as a city surveyor. He sought out military contracts, but did not get any. After his return to New York City, <mask> designed the First Presbyterian Church on Wall Street (1810), which was rebuilt twice before being taken apart and moved to Jersey City; and the city's


texts:
 original Greek Revival-style St. Patrick's Cathedral (1809-1815) at the corner of Mott and Prince Streets, which was altered after a fire in 1866 into a Gothic parish church, and was elevated to basilica status in 2010. <mask>'s work as a surveyor encompassed locations not only in New York City, but in New Jersey and in upstate New York.Legacy
Mangin Street, as laid out in the Commissioner's Plans, ran from Grand Street north to Houston Street to the East River at Rivington Street, which was extended as landfill areas were incorporated into Manhattan, and now extends just west of the FDR Drive. During urban renewal projects, most of the street disappeared, except for two short stretches under the Williamsburg Bridge and from Baruch Place to East Houston Street. <mask> Avenue in St. Albans, Queens may also have been named after Mangin. Controversy
For many years, incorrect information circulated about <mask>'s life. He was mistaken for another Joseph-François <mask> born in France around the same period, or was a slave, followed by becoming a student of one of the most prominent French architects, Ange-Jacques Gabriel. Mangin being an extremely common last name in the East of France, the "other" Joseph-François <mask> was mistakenly found by late Pr. Robert L. Alexander from university of Iowa during his research in France.The one he found was born in 1764 in Châlons. His parents were <mask> and Jeanne Marie Anne Morin, and got married in Paris on 27 August 1806 to Marie Eleonore Antoinette Diodet. References
Notes

Bibliography

Leroy, Thibaud (2020). Joseph François <mask>, l'homme qui imagina Manhattan. (), (ASIN B081K5C76X). Federalist architects
Greek Revival architects
American ecclesiastical architects
Architects of cathedrals
French emigrants to the United States
18th-century French architects
19th-century French architects
1758 births
1818 deaths
People from Vosges

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<mask> (born June 19, 1926) is an American historian who specializes in modern Europe, diplomatic history, and the Holocaust, and is currently the Dayton-Stockton Professor of History, Emeritus, at Princeton University. Early life and academic career
<mask> was born into a middle-class family in Luxembourg on 19 June 1926. His father was a wholesaler who had studied at the University of Heidelberg and had strong social democratic and Zionist beliefs. <mask> described his family as "fully emancipated and largely acculturated Luxembourgian Jews". The family fled into France amid the German invasion on 10 May 1940 and reached the France–Spain border by Autumn 1940 but were turned back by Spanish border guards and were in the Vichy-controlled "Free Zone" after the Fall of France. The family succeeded in boarding a ship to Oran in French Algeria on 18 October 1940 but were prevented from entering Morocco because they lacked a visa and were house arrested for several weeks in Oudja. They secured visas for the United States on 22 November 1940 and arrived in New York during January 1941.His maternal grandparents who had refused to leave Luxembourg were deported to the Theresienstadt Ghetto where his grandfather died in December 1943. <mask> became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1944 and enlisted in the United States Army. During his time in the Army, he was trained at Camp Ritchie, Maryland and is recognized as one of the Ritchie Boys. He served as an intelligence officer and eventually became a morale officer for high-ranking German

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 prisoners of war. He was discharged in 1946. He received his education at the City College of New York, the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva and Yale University. He has been professor at Wesleyan University (1952–53), Brandeis University (1954–58) and Harvard University (1958–61).He has taught at Princeton University since 1961. Views
A self-proclaimed "left dissident Marxist", <mask>'s major interests are in modernization theory and what he terms "The Thirty Years' Crisis" between 1914 and 1945. <mask> posits that Europe was characterized during the 19th century by a rapid economic modernization by industrialization and retardation of political change. He has argued that what he refers to as "The Thirty Years' Crisis" was caused by the problems of a dynamic new society produced by industrialization coexisting with a rigid political order. He feels that the aristocracy of all of the European countries had too much power, and it was their efforts to keep power that resulted in World War I, the development of fascism, World War II, and the Holocaust. In a 1967 essay "The Primacy of Domestic Politics", <mask> made a Primat der Innenpolitik ("primacy of domestic politics") argument for the origins of World War I. <mask> rejected the traditional Primat der Außenpolitik ("primacy of foreign politics") argument of traditional diplomatic history on the grounds that it failed to take into account that in <mask>'s opinion, all of the major European countries were in a "revolutionary situation" during 1914, and thus ignores what

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texts: <mask> considers to be the crucial effect that domestic politics had on foreign-policy making elites. In <mask>'s opinion, during 1914, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was on the verge of civil war and massive industrial unrest, Italy had been experienced the Red Week of June 1914, the French Left and Right were almost warring with each other, Germany suffered from ever-increasing political strife, Russia was close to suffering a huge strike, and Austria-Hungary was confronted with increasing ethnic and class tensions.<mask> insists that liberalism and centrist ideologies in general were disintegrating due to the challenge from the extreme right in the UK, France and Italy while being a non-existent force in Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia. <mask> ended his essay by arguing that World War I should be best understood as a pre-emptive "counterrevolutionary" strike by ruling elites in Europe to preserve their power by distracting public attention to foreign affairs. <mask> argued in his Politics and Diplomacy of Peacemaking (1967), which won the American Historical Association's 1968 Herbert Baxter Adams Prize, that the Paris Peace Conference was a struggle between what he termed the "Old Diplomacy" of the alliance system, secret treaties and brutal power politics and the "New Diplomacy" as represented by Vladimir Lenin's Decree on Peace of 1917 and Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points, which <mask> considers as promoting peaceful and rational diplomacy. He described the world of 1919 as divided between the "forces of movement",

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texts: representing liberal and left-wing forces, representing the "New Diplomacy" and the "forces of order", representing conservative and reactionary forces, representing the "Old Diplomacy". <mask> considers all foreign policy as basically a projection of domestic politics, and much of his writing on international relations is devoted towards explaining just what domestic lobby was exerting the most influence on foreign policy at that particular time. In <mask>'s opinion, the "New Diplomacy", associated with Lenin and Wilson, was associated also with Russia and America, both societies that <mask> has argued either had destroyed or lacked the partial "modernized" societies that characterized the rest of Europe. He sees the United States' diplomacy at Versailles as an attempt to establish a "new", but "counter-revolutionary" style of diplomacy against "revolutionary" Soviet diplomacy.<mask>'s opinion is that the greatest failure of the Treaty of Versailles was that it was a triumph for the "Old Diplomacy" with only minor elements of "New Diplomacy". According to <mask>, the irrational fears generated by the Russian Revolution resulted in an international system designed to contain the Soviet Union. A major influence on <mask> was the British historian E. H. Carr, who was his friend and mentor. In 1961, <mask> played a major role in the American publication of Carr's book What Is History? Many of <mask>'s writings concerning international affairs during the interwar era use the assumptions of Carr's 1939 book The Twenty Year's Crisis. In his 1981

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texts: book, The Persistence of the Old Regime, <mask> argued that there was an "umbilical cord" linking all events of European history from 1914 to 1945. In <mask>'s opinion, World War I was proof that "[t]hough losing ground to the forces of industrial capitalism, the forces of the old order were still sufficiently willful and powerful to resist and slow down the course of history, if necessary by recourse to violence."<mask> argued that because of its ownership of the majority of the land in Europe and the middle class were divided and undeveloped politically, the nobility continued as the dominant class in Europe. <mask> argued that challenged by a world in which it was losing their function, the aristocracy promoted reactionary beliefs such as those of Friedrich Nietzsche and Social Darwinism, together with a belief in dictatorship and fascist dictatorship in particular. In <mask>'s opinion, "It would take two world wars and the Holocaust […] finally to dislodge the feudal and aristocratic presumption from Europe's civil and political societies." In his 1988 book Why Did the Heavens Not Darken?, <mask> argues that Adolf Hitler ordered the Final Solution in December 1941 in response to the realisation that the Wehrmacht could not capture Moscow, hence ensuring Nazi Germany's defeat by the Soviet Union. In <mask>'s opinion, the Judeocide (<mask>'s preferred term for the Holocaust) was the horrific climax of the "Thirty Years' Crisis" that had been raging in Europe since 1914. The book considers the Holocaust as primarily an expression of


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 anti-communism:
Anti-Semitism did not play a decisive or even significant role in the growth of the Nazi movement and electorate. The appeals of Nazism were many and complex.People rallied to a syncretic creed of ultra-nationalism, Social Darwinism, anti-Marxism, anti-bolshevism, and anti-Semitism, as well as to a party program calling for the revision of Versailles, the repeal of reparations, the curb of industrial capitalism, and the establishment of a völkisch welfare state. <mask> stated that one purpose of his in writing Why Did the Heavens Not Darken? was to put an end to a "cult of remembrance" that, in his opinion, had "become overly sectarian". In his opinion, Hitler's war was first and foremost against the Soviets, not the Jews. According to <mask>, the original German plan was to defeat the Soviet Union, and then to deport all the Soviet Jews to a reservation behind the Urals. In regard to the functionalist-intentionalist divide that once pervaded Holocaust historiography, <mask>'s work can be considered as intermediate between the two schools. <mask> argues that there was no masterplan for genocide and that the Holocaust cannot be explained solely in regard to Hitler's world view.At the same time, <mask> agrees with intentionalist historians such as Andreas Hillgruber (with whom <mask> otherwise has little in common) in considering Operation Barbarossa and the Nazi crusade to annihilate "Judeo-Bolshevism" as major developments in the genesis of the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question." Critical responses to Why Did the Heavens


texts:
 Not Darken? Why Did the Heavens Not Darken? had hostile reviews. The British historian Richard J. Evans, in summing up their reviews of the book, noted that some of their more "printable" responses included: "a mockery of memory and history" and "bizarre and perverse." Two prominent critics of Why Did the Heavens Not Darken? were Daniel Goldhagen and Lucy Dawidowicz.Both questioned <mask>'s account of the murder of Jews during the early phases of World War II. They argued that the organized and systemic role of Nazis was much greater than <mask> stated. Both accused <mask> of attempting to rationalize the Holocaust and compared him to the right-wing historian Ernst Nolte. The American historian Peter Baldwin considered that Goldhagen had missed <mask>'s overall point about the association between the war against the Soviet Union and the Holocaust, while Guttenplan described their "distortion" of <mask>'s opinions as "disgraceful", noting also that
<mask> <mask>'s book opens with "A Personal Preface" telling of his own hair-raising escape from Luxembourg and occupied France, and of the fate of his grandfather, who refused to leave Luxembourg and died in Theresienstadt. Such personal bona fides didn't prevent the Anti-Defamation League from including <mask> in its 1993 "Hitler's Apologists: The Anti-Semitic Propaganda of Holocaust Revisionism", where his work is cited as an example of "legitimate historical scholarship which relativizes the genocide of the Jews." <mask>'s crime is to "have argued, with no apparent anti-Semitic motivation"—- note

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how the absence of evidence itself becomes incriminating—- "that though millions of Jews were killed during WWII, there was actually no premeditated policy for this destruction." Reviewers criticized <mask>'s account of the Holocaust as emphasizing Nazi anti-communism too much at the expense of antisemitism.Israeli historian Yehuda Bauer alleged that

when a Holocaust survivor such as <mask> J<mask> of Princeton University ... popularizes the nonsense that the Nazis saw in Marxism and bolshevism their main enemy, and the Jews unfortunately got caught up in this; when he links the destruction of the Jews to the ups and downs of German warfare in the Soviet Union, in a book that is so cocksure of itself that it does not need a proper scientific apparatus, he is really engaging in a much more subtle form of Holocaust denial. He in effect denies the motivation for murder and flies in the face of well-known documentation.

Much of the controversy around Why Did the Heavens Not Darken? was due to the simple fact that by this book the general public first learned of the functionalist opinion that there was not any masterplan for the Holocaust dating to the days when Hitler wrote Mein Kampf.Another controversy concerned what <mask> van Pelt termed <mask>'s "well-meant but ill-considered reflection on the causes of death in Auschwitz". <mask> had concluded as follows: "certainly at Auschwitz, but probably overall, more Jews were killed by so-called 'natural' causes than by 'unnatural' ones." This conclusion removed the lingering

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. Mayer
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 restraints—if any actually remained—preventing David Irving from publicly announcing he did not believe the gas chambers at Nazi camps like Auschwitz existed. Guttenplan termed <mask>'s musing on differences between 'natural' and 'unnatural' deaths, even if the terms were used in quotation marks, "indefensible". Holocaust deniers have often quoted out of context <mask>'s sentences in the book: "Sources for the study of the gas chambers are at once rare and unreliable".As the authors Michael Shermer and Alex Grobman have noted, the entire paragraph from which the sentence comes states that the SS destroyed the majority of the documentation relating to the operation of the gas chambers in the death camps, which is why <mask> feels that sources for the operation of the gas chambers are "rare" and "unreliable". Since 2001
<mask> has been very critical of the policies of the United States government. When interviewed for a 2003 documentary, he described the Roman Empire as a "tea party" in comparison to its American counterpart. <mask>'s book, Plowshares into Swords (2008) is an anti-Zionist and pro-Palestinian account of Israeli history, tracing what <mask> regards as the degradation of Jewry in general and Zionism in particular with respect to what <mask> considers as Israeli colonial aggression against the Palestinians. In a largely favorable review, the British writer Geoffrey Wheatcroft termed Plowshares into Swords an enlightening account of Israeli history that traces such people as Martin Buber, <mask>, Yeshayahu Leibowitz and, perhaps

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 unexpectedly, <mask> and critiques the "chauvinistic and brutalising tendencies of Zionism". In a negative review of the book, British scholar Simon Goldhill said it was of little value as history and criticized <mask> for his political bias, arguing that <mask> ignored Arab acts and media rhetoric against Jewish settlers and Israelis, falsely portrayed the Six-Day War in 1967 as a "calculated imperialist plot", claimed that all Western criticism of the Islamic world for human rights issues is nothing more than self-interested, and described Arab feeling toward Jews buying property in Palestine in the 1920s as "righteous anger". Partial publications list

 Books

 Chapters and journal articles

 References

 Notes

 Bibliography

Reprinted as "History As Ideology" in

 Further reading

 Blackbourn, David & Eley, Geoff.The Peculiarities of German History: Bourgeois Society and Politics in Nineteenth Century German History, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984
 Hesse, Carla. Review: Revolutionary Historiography after the Cold War: <mask> <mask>'s "Furies" in the French Context, pp. 897–907 from The Journal of Modern History, Volume 73, Issue #4, December 2001
 Lammers, Donald. "<mask> <mask> and the British Decision for War: 1914", pp. 137–65 from The Journal of British Studies, Volume 12, Issue #2, May 1973
 Loez, André & Offenstadt, Nicolas. "Un historien dissident? Entretien avec <mask> J. <mask>", pp.123–39 from Genèses, Volume 49, December 2002 (an interview of <mask> J. <mask> by two French

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 scholars)
 Lowenberg, Peter. "<mask> <mask>'s 'Internal Causes and Purposes of War in Europe, 1870–1956': An Inadquate Model of Human Behavior, National Conflict and Historical Change", pp. 628–636 from Journal of Modern History, Volume 42, December 1970
 Lundgreen-Nielsen, Kay "The <mask> Thesis Reconsidered: The Poles and the Paris Peace Conference, 1919", pp. 68–102 from International History Review, Volume 7, 1985
 Perry, Matt. "<mask>, <mask> J. ", pp. 786–87 from The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, Volume 2, edited by Kelly Boyd, Volume 2, London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishing, 1999
 Righart, Hans."`Jumbo-History': perceptie, anachronisme en `hindsight' bij <mask> J. <mask> en Barrington Moore", pp. 285–95 from Theoretische Geschiedenis, Volume 17, 1990
 Rosenberg, William G. Review: Beheading the Revolution: <mask> <mask>'s "Furies", pp. 908–30 from The Journal of Modern History, Volume 73, Issue #4, December 2001
 Thompson, E. P. The Poverty of Theory and Other Essays, London: Merlin Press, 1978
 Wiener, <mask>. "Marxism and the Lower Middle Class: A Response to <mask> <mask>", pp. 666–71 from The Journal of Modern History, Volume 48, Issue #4, December 1976

 External links

"Beyond the Drumbeat: Iraq, Preventive War, 'Old Europe by A. J. <mask>, Monthly Review'', Vol. 54, No. 10 (March 2003)
"Techniques of Holocaust Denial: The Mayer Gambit"  by Mike Stein, The Nizkor Project

1926 births
Living people
21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
Historians of Nazism
Jewish American

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 historians
American male non-fiction writers
American Marxist historians
United States Army personnel of World War II
Historians of the Holocaust
American people of Luxembourgian-Jewish descent
Luxembourgian Jews
Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni
Wesleyan University faculty
Harvard University faculty
Princeton University faculty
United States Army officers
Naturalized citizens of the United


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<mask> (Korean: 이진욱; born September 16, 1981) is a South Korean actor. He is best known for his leading role in the romance series Glass Castle, the time-traveling series Nine (2013), romance series The Time We Were Not in Love and I Need Romance 2012, crime thriller series Voice (seasons 2–3), a Netflix apocalyptic horror series Sweet Home and a supporting role in the comedy film Miss Granny. Career

2000–2009: Education and career beginnings
<mask>-wook studied Environmental Engineering at Cheongju University and made a switch for acting. He began his career in the entertainment industry modelling in commercials. His first minor acting roles consist of General Hospital The Movie : A Thousand Days and the 2004 South Korean film Once Upon a Time in High School starring Kwon Sang-woo, Ahn Nae-sang, Joo Jin-mo, and Seo Dong-won. <mask> landed his first television acting role in the TV Movie, Bad Girl, in 2004 and later scored other roles in the television dramas Alone in Love, Someday, Smile Again, and Resurrection (South Korean TV series) starring Uhm Tae-woong. In 2006, <mask> starred in the South Korean film A Dirty Carnival.<mask> achieved commercial success and Hallyu star status after his portrayal as the second male lead in the television series Air City where he went on to date his co-star Choi Ji-woo for three years. <mask> continued to land lead roles playing the president's son in Formidable Rivals, a plastic surgeon in the series Before and After, and a newly married chaebol in Glass Castle. He also made a cameo in The Road Home (South Korean TV series). 2009–2016: Military enlistment and further success
<mask> then served his two-year mandatory military service from May 6, 2009, to March 7, 2011, at the Defense Media Agency of the Ministry of National Defense. After his military discharge in 2011, <mask> starred in his comeback project,

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 Myung-wol the Spy where he played a North Korean agent. He then went on to star in the romantic comedy drama I Need Romance 2012 alongside Jung Yu-mi. <mask> then landed his most high-profile role yet as a TV anchor named Park Sun-woo in the time-traveling romance Nine alongside Jo Yoon-hee.After receiving positive reception from his role in Nine, <mask> starred in a cinematic film for the first time in 7 years in the 2014 comedy Miss Granny. He then proceeded to land his first major big-screen role in the 2014 action film The Target, a remake of the 2010 French action movie Point Blank. After that,
<mask> then reunited with the writer and director of Nine in the television series The Three Musketeers, a period drama set during the Joseon era where he played Crown Prince Sohyeon. He continued to star in big-screen films, fantasy romantic comedy The Beauty Inside and the time-travel romance crime Time Renegade. <mask>'s appearance in The Beauty Inside as Woo-jin garnered headline attention in South Korea at the time of its cinematic release as the scene unveiling him as one of Woo-jin's reincarnations left all female audience members in the theatre exclaiming in awe of his appearance. In South Korean pop culture, it is considered one of the top legendary character unveilings in South Korean cinema. He then returned to the small screen with the South Korean remake of the Taiwanese drama In Time with You, The Time We Were Not in Love alongside Ha Ji-won.In 2016, <mask> starred in the crime drama, Goodbye Mr. Black, based on the manga of the same name. 2017–present: Transition in leading roles and reinvention
In 2017, <mask> was cast in three films; indie films A Tiger in Winter and Road to Utah; and romance thriller High Society. In 2018, <mask> returned to the small screen with successful crime dramas Return, and Voice season 2. The premiere of the

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texts: second season of Voice set the record for the highest premiere viewership rating for an OCN original drama series. The second season of Voice continued on from the success of the first season, even exceeding first season ratings despite its shorter run. Due to its major success, Voice was picked up for a third season with <mask> reprising his role as Do Kang-woo. The third season of Voice continued to be just as successful as the second season.In 2019, <mask> signed an exclusive contract with BH Entertainment which houses many other top high-profile South Korean actors. In 2020, <mask> starred in Netflix original series Sweet Home, a webtoon-based drama about a secluded teen who lives cooped up in his room, scarred from memories of school violence, and experiences creepy events after moving to an apartment following the loss of his family. It premiered on Netflix Korea on December 18, 2020. On March 17, 2021, tvN released the full main cast for the drama, Bulgasal: Immortal Souls. <mask> Wook played Dan Hwal, a bulgasal who used to be human 600 years ago. He turns into a bulgasal during the Joseon dynasty while working as a military official and completing a mission to erase the remnants of the previous dynasty. “Bulgasal” is a fantasy drama that revolves around two characters.The first is a woman who has gone through several reincarnations over the course of 600 years and remembers all of her past lives, and the second is a man who has lived for over 600 years as a bulgasal—a mythical creature that feeds off human blood and is cursed with immortality. This drama is scheduled to air on December 18, 2021, and will be premier following Jirisan (TV series). It will also available for streaming on Netflix. On April 22, 2021, CJ ENM and TVing revealed a full cast for a new film with title, A Year-End Medley. <mask> will play as <mask>-Ho, a plastic surgeon

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 who always appears at hotel’s lounge every Saturday night to wait for his destiny. A Year-End Medley centers around the people who come to Hotel Emrose, each with stories of their own, and build new relationships. A Year-End Medley is helmed by director Kwak Jae-yong of My Sassy Girl, and The Classic and produced by Hive Media Corp. of Inside Men, The Man Standing Next, and Deliver Us from Evil.Filming began on April 19, and the movie will be released in theaters and through TVing on December 29, 2021. On December 8, 2021, a news has been revealed that <mask> will have another drama project after Bulgasal: Immortal Souls. He will be the main character of Kakao TV's 'Marriage White Paper' and play as Seo Joon-hyung alongside with <mask>-hee.On January 1, 2022, BH Entertainment share the line up for upcoming of their actors activities on Instagram and Jinuk was confirmed to play in ‘Marriage White Paper’. The drama will start shooting on the second week of January and determine to broadcast in early March. Personal life

Relationships
After starring together in the 2007 South Korean television series, Air City, <mask> went on to date his co-star Choi Ji-woo for three years from 2009 to 2011. The pair cited excessive public and media attention as one of the reason for their split. In May 2014, <mask> was spotted out several times with actress Gong Hyo-jin and it was later confirmed by both their agencies that the pair were dating.However, three months after the confirmation of their dating news, it was revealed that the pair had broken-up. Filmography

Film

Television series

Variety show

Music video

Awards and nominations

References

External links

 LEE JIN WOOK at BH Entertainment

People from Cheongju
21st-century South Korean male actors
South Korean male television actors
South Korean male film actors
South Korean male models
1981

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<mask>, 1st Earl of Pembroke, 1st Baron Herbert of Cardiff  (c. 150117 March 1570) was a Tudor period nobleman, politician, and courtier. Herbert was the son of Sir Richard Herbert and Margaret Cradock. His father was an illegitimate son of <mask>, 1st Earl of Pembroke of the eighth creation (1468), by his mistress, Maud, daughter of Adam ap Howell Graunt. Early life
<mask>'s early life was distinguished by intense ambition coupled with an equally fierce temper and hot-headed nature. Described by John Aubrey as a "mad fighting fellow", the young Herbert began his career as a gentleman servant to the earl of Worcester. However, when a mercer called Vaughan was killed by Herbert, after an affray between some Welshmen and the watchmen for unknown reasons in Bristol, he fled to France. Upon arrival, he immediately joined the service of King Francis I as a soldier, earning a reputation for courage and great skill on the battlefield."In a short time he became eminent, and was favoured by the king, who afterwards recommended him to Henry VIII of England, who much valued him, and heaped favours and honours upon him". For his service to Henry, Herbert was granted the estates of Wilton, Remesbury, and Cardiff Castle, and his position as a man of means was secured. Herbert's first wife, Anne Parr, was sister of Queen consort

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William Herbert
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 Catherine Parr, sixth wife to Henry VIII. He rose with the Parrs after his sister-in-law's marriage and was knighted in 1544. He had been granted Wilton Abbey and other land by Henry VIII by 1544. He soon pulled down the abbey and built the first Wilton House in its place; the house continues to be the seat of his descendants. <mask>

Herbert was a guardian of the young King Edward VI after the death of Henry VIII in 1547.As an executor of Henry's will and the recipient of valuable grants of land, Herbert was a prominent and powerful person during Edward's reign, with both the protector Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset and his rival, John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland, angling for his support. He threw in his lot with Northumberland, and after Somerset's fall obtained some of his lands in Wiltshire. He was made a Knight of the Garter in 1549, and created Baron Herbert of Cardiff on 10 October 1551, and 1st Earl of Pembroke (of the tenth creation) the following day, by Edward VI. Herbert's eldest son and heir, Henry, married Lady Catherine Grey at Durham House on 25 May 1553, the same day as her sister, Lady Jane Grey, was married to Northumberland's son Guilford Dudley. The third couple married that day was Northumberland's youngest daughter, Katherine, to Henry Hastings, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon. After the


texts: death of Edward VI, Herbert initially supported Northumberland's attempt to place Jane on the throne. When it became clear that Lady Mary Tudor would take the throne (as Mary I), he cast his daughter-in-law Catherine out of his house and had the marriage annulled.Lady Catherine's father and sister Jane were both executed for high treason in February 1554 by order of Queen Mary I. Herbert managed to distance himself from the Grey family after their fall, and obtained the new queen's favour by crushing Wyatt's rebellion. During the Italian War of 1551–1559, Herbert commanded the English army sent to France in support of Spain. His troops did not arrive in time for the Battle of St. Quentin (1557), but played a significant role in the capture of the city afterwards. <mask> was Mary's most effective commander in the war with France. Mary sometimes suspected <mask>'s loyalty, but he was employed as governor of Calais, as president of Wales and in other ways. He was also to some extent in the confidence of Philip II of Spain. The earl retained his place at court under Elizabeth I until 1569, when he was suspected of favouring the projected marriage between Mary, Queen of Scots, and the Duke of Norfolk.According to John Aubrey's very colourful Brief Life, he could "neither read nor write" but "had a stamp for his name."

masks: Pembroke Pembroke


texts:
 Aubrey wrote: "He was of good naturall parts, but very colericque. In Queen Mary's time, upon the return of the Catholique religion, the nunnes came again to Wilton Abbey; and this <mask>, Earl of Pembroke, came to the gate which lookes towards the court by the street, but now is walled up, with his cappe in his hand, and fell upon his knees to the Lady Abbess and nunnes, crying peccavi. Upon Queen Mary's death, the Earl came to Wilton (like a tigre) and turned them out crying, 'Out, ye jades! to worke, to worke—ye jades, goe spinne!'" Herbert had a secretary, Robert Streynsham, who lived in the parsonage in Ospringe (near Faversham in Kent). Herbert is reported to have had a close bond with his pet dog.Aubrey wrote that he "had a little cur-dog which loved him, and the earl loved the dog. When the earl died the dog would not go from his master's dead body, but pined away, and died under the hearse." Herbert's dog can be seen in the portrait at left. Arms

 1: Herbert with difference of a bordure componée gules bezantée and or, for illegitimacy of Sir Richard Herbert of Ewyas (d.1510), father of the 1st Earl);
 2: Sable, a chevron between three lance heads argent (Bleddin ap Maenarch) (per A.P. Shaw)
 3: Argent, three cockerels gules (Einion Sais and Gam, a Cradock heiress, per A.P. Shaw, "The Heraldic Stained Glass


texts:
 at Hassop Hall, co. Derby". Part I, published in Journal of the Derbyshire Archeological and Natural History Society; (Derbyshire Archaeological Journal), Volume 31, 1909, pp.191–220, esp. pp. 203–207, . [1]) (Source:[2])
 4: Argent, a lion rampant sable crowned or ("Arms of the valiant knight Sir John Morley", per File:Quarterings of 2nd Earl of Pembroke as recorded by York Herald, 1620.jpg, matched with File:Arms of 2nd Earl of Pembroke as recorded by York Herald, 1620.jpg)
 5: Gules (azure?) semée of cross-crosslets three boar's heads couped argent (Cradock, for his mother Margaret Cradock, heiress of Candleston Castle, Glamorgan; Cradock was heir of Horton))
 6: Argent, three bends engrailed gules a canton or (Horton of Candleston Castle, Glamorgan, and of Tregwynt, Pembrokeshire, heir of Cantilupe)
 7: Gules, three leopard's faces jessant-de-lys or (de Cantilupe of Candleston Castle, Glamorgan; as for Cantilupe (modern) feudal barons of Eaton Bray in Bedfordshire)

Marriages and issue
Herbert married twice:
Firstly to Anne Parr (b. 1515; d. 20 February 1552), the younger sister of Queen Catherine Parr, 6th and last wife of King Henry VIII, by whom he had progeny:
Henry Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke (c. 1539-1601), eldest son and heir, who in 1553 married Lady Catherine Grey. The marriage was annulled in 1554 and


texts:
 he married secondly Catherine Talbot, a daughter of George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury.His third wife was Mary Sidney, a granddaughter of John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland, by whom he had issue, including <mask>, 3rd Earl of Pembroke and Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke. Sir Edward Herbert (1547–1595), who married Mary Stanley, a daughter of Sir Thomas Stanley, Under-Treasurer of the Mint, by whom he had issue including <mask>, 1st Baron Powis. Lady Anne Herbert (1550–1592), who in February 1562 married Francis, Lord Talbot, eldest son and heir apparent of George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury, whom he predeceased. There is no known issue from this marriage. Secondly he married Anne Talbot, a daughter of George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury, and widow of Peter Compton. There was no issue from this marriage. Death
<mask> died on 17 March 1570, in Hampton Court.He was buried on 18 April 1570 in Old St Paul's Cathedral, where his first wife, Anne (Parr) Herbert, had been buried. His grave and monument were destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666. A modern monument in the crypt lists him as one of the important graves lost. References

Citations

Bibliography
G. E. Cokayne, Complete Peerage, 1910–1959

External links

Luminarium Encyclopedia: <mask>, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1501?–1570)

 |-

Place of

masks:
William Herbert
William Herbert
William
William Herbert


texts:
 birth missing
1500s births
1570 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
<mask>, 01st Earl of Pembroke (1551 creation)
1
Peers of England created by Edward VI
Knights of the Garter
Lord-Lieutenants of Somerset
Lord-Lieutenants of Wiltshire
Members of the Privy Council of England
Burials at St Paul's Cathedral
16th-century English politicians
Knights


texts:
<mask> (29 February 1924 in Bad Waldsee, Württemberg, Germany – 18 April 2018 in Munich, Germany) was a German art historian specializing in Medieval French sculpture. From 1970 to 1989, he was director of the prestigious Zentralinstitut für Kunstgeschichte, Munich. Life and work
The son of a late-Impressionist painter who disliked art historians, Sauerländer grew up in a house with works of old and modern art. Notwithstanding, he began studying art history in 1946, at a time when Munich was in ruins, the intellectual situation extremely truncated, and the center of everything the study of medieval art, in a curious kind of secular, "aesthetic mystical" spiritualism, which he did not like. He had his main focus on medieval sculpture and architecture with a strong focus on France, Nicolas Poussin, and the French 18th century, but at the same time he opposed Hans Sedlmayr for his reactionary fundamentalist views. He received his Ph.D. in art history at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich in 1953 under Hans Jantzen. After leaving university, he went to Paris for five years.During their early Paris years Sauerländer and his wife guided tourists and they worked in the Bibliothèque Nationale and at the Institut de l'Histoire de l'Art in order to gain their life. He also taught German at a French lycée. Early on, the personal friendship


texts: and scholarship of Louis Grodecki was formative to his art historical methodology. From 1959 to 1961, he taught art history in Paris, and in 1961 in Princeton, NJ at the Institute for Advanced Study. During this first phase in the United States, he met Meyer Schapiro and became a friend of the German émigrés Erwin Panofsky, Walter Friedländer and Richard Krautheimer. From 1961 to 1962 he lectured as an assistant professor at the University of Marburg and from 1962 to 1970 he was professor of art history at the University of Freiburg, where he utilized the photographic collection of its great medievalist, Wilhelm Vöge. From 1963 to 1965 and 1969 to 1970 he was also a visiting professor at the Institute of Fine Arts, New York University.There he developed an interest in Pop Art, particularly in the works of Robert Rauschenberg, Claes Oldenburg and Andy Warhol. In 1970, after having published his best known book on Gothic Sculpture in France (English edition, 1971), he was appointed director at the Zentralinstitut für Kunstgeschichte, Munich. In 1973 he was elected member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. In the 1970s he read Marc Bloch and had contacts with Georges Duby and closure with Jacques Le Goff, which essentially changed his work. In the 1980s he held several visiting appointments in France and the US, including


texts:
 the College de France, Paris; University of Wisconsin, Madison; Harvard University; and the University of California, Berkeley. In 1989 he retired from the Zentralinstitut für Kunstgeschichte. In 1991 he presented the A. W. Mellon Lectures in the Fine Arts at the National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC.He is a friend of Thomas W. Gaehtgens, Director of the Getty Research Institute. Sauerländer is known for having rewritten the history of early French Gothic Sculpture. In his historiographic writing, he characterized post-World War II art history in Munich as "would-be Positivism," citing a shift toward empiricism and positivism. He also thinks that photography seems to be more interesting than other fields of modern art and has a special interest in the photographic work of August Sander, Thomas Struth, Thomas Demand and Andreas Gursky. Photographs by <mask> <mask> are held at the Conway Library in the Courtauld, London, and are being digitised. Awards
Honorary degree of the University of Strasbourg
Perfezionato d'Honore Scuola, Pisa
1994 Correspondent étranger de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
1995 Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art
2007 Grand Prix de la Société française d'archéologie

Publications
Das gotische Figurenportal in Frankreich: Studien zur Geschichte der französischen Portalskulptur von Chartres

masks: Willibald Sauerländer


texts: West bis zum Reimser Josephsmeister. PhD dissertation.University of Munich, 1953. Die Kathedrale von Chartres. Stuttgart: Günther, 1954. "Beiträge zur Geschichte der "frühgotischen" Skulptur". Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte, vol. 19, 1956, pp. 1–34."Die Jahreszeiten: Ein Beitrag zur allegorischen Landschaft beim späten Poussin". Münchner Jahrbuch der bildenden Kunst, vol. 7, 1956, pp. 169–184. "Die Marienkrönungsportale von Senlis und Mantes." Wallraf-Richartz Jahrbuch, vol. 20, 1958, pp.115–162. "Die kunstgeschichtliche Stellung der Westportale von Notre Dame in Paris." Marburger Jahrbuch für Kunstwissenschaft, vol. 17, 1959, pp. 1–56. "Les modèles de la Renaissance macédonnienne dans la sculpture de Paris et d’Amiens au début du XIII. siècle".In Actes du XIXe Congrès international d'histoire de l’art, Paris, 1959, pp. 125–133. "Sens and York: An Inquiry into the Sculptures from St. Mary’s Abbey in the Yorkshire Museum". The Journal of the British Archaeological Association, vol. 22, 1959, pp. 53–69. "Skulpturen des 12.Jahrhunderts in Chalons-sur-Marne". Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte, vol. 25, 1962, pp. 97–124. "Cathédrales". Art de France, vol. 3, 1963, pp.210–219. Die Bronzetür von Nowgorod. Munich: Piper, 1963. Jean-Antoine Houdon: Voltaire. Stuttgart: Reclam, 1963. Die Skulptur des Mittelalters. Frankfurt am Main: Ullstein,


texts: 1963."Tombeaux chartrains du premier quart du XIIIe siècle". L'Information d'histoire de l'art, vol. 9, 1964, pp. 47–60. "Die Kathedrale von Chartres". In Erich Steingräber, ed., Meilensteine europäischer Kunst. Munich, 1965, pp.131–170. (with Georg Kauffmann, eds. ), Walter Friedlaender zum 90. Geburtstag: Eine Festgabe seiner europäischen Schüler, Freunde und Verehrer. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1965. Von Sens bis Strassburg: Ein Beitrag Zur Kunstgeschichtlichen Stellung der Strassburger Querhausskulpturen. Berlin: Walter De Gruyter, 1966."Über die Komposition des Weltgerichtstympanons in Autun". Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte, vol. 29, 1966, pp. 261–294. "Das Stiftergrabmal des Grafen Eberhard in der Klosterkirche zu Murbach". In Kurt Badt and Martin Gosebruch, eds., Amici amico: Festschrift für Werner Gross zu seinem 65. Geburtstag am 25.11. 1966. Munich: Fink, 1968, pp. 59–77. "Über die ursprüngliche Reihenfolge von Fragonards 'Amours des Bergers' ". Münchner Jahrbuch der bildenden Kunst, vol. 19, 1968, pp.127–156. Gotische Skulptur in Frankreich: 1140 – 1270. Munich: Hirmer, 1970. "Sculpture on Early Gothic Churches: The State of Research and Open Questions". Gesta, vol. 9, no. 2, 1970, pp.32–48. "Die kunstgeschichtliche Stellung der Figurenportale des 13. Jahrhunderts in Westfalen". Westfalen, vol. 49, 1971, pp. 1–76. Gothic


texts: Sculpture in France: 1140–1270.New York: Abrams, 1971. "Löwen in Lyon". In Artur Rosenauer and Gerold Weber, eds., Kunsthistorische Forschungen. Salzburg, 1972, pp. 215–224. "Cluny und Speyer". In Josef Fleckenstein, ed., Investiturstreit und Reichsverfassung.Sigmaringen, 1973, pp. 9–32. "Zu dem romanischen Kruzifix von Moissac". In Peter Bloch and Tilmann Buddensieg, eds., Intuition und Kunstwissenschaft. Berlin, 1973, pp. 303–317. Peter Paul Rubens.Zurich: Kindler, 1974. "Erweiterung des Denkmalbegriffs?" Denkmalpflege, 1975, pp. 187–201. "Reims und Bamberg: Zu Art und Umfang der Übernahmen". Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte, vol. 39, 1976, pp.167–192. "Spätstaufische Skulpturen in Sachsen und Thüringen: Überlegungen zum Stand der Forschung". Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte, vol. 41, 1978, pp. 181–216. "Die Naumburger Stifterfiguren". In Reiner Haussherr and Christian Väterlein, eds., Die Zeit der Staufer, 5.Supplement: Vorträge und Forschungen. Stuttgart, 1979, pp. 169–245. "Architecture and the Figurative Arts: The North". In Robert L. Benson and Giles Constable, eds., Renaissance and Renewal in the Twelfth Century. Oxford, 1982, pp. 671–710."From 'Stilus' to Style: Reflection on the Fate of a Notion". Art History, vol. 6, 1983, 253–270. "Davids 'Morat à son dernier soupir' oder Malerei und Terreur". Idea, vol. 2, 1983, pp.


texts: 49–88.Das Königsportal in Chartres: Heilsgeschichte und Lebenswirklichkeit. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch, 1984. "Stiftergedenken und Stifterfiguren in Naumburg". In Karl Schmid and Joachim Wollasch, eds., Memoria. Munich, 1984, pp. 354–383. (ed.), Studien zur mittelalterlichen Kunst 800–1250: Festschrift für Florentine Mütherich zum 70. Geburtstag. Munich: Prestel, 1985. "Der Kunsthistoriker angesichts des entlaufenen Kunstbegriffs: Zerfällt das Paradigma einer Disziplin?" Jahrbuch des Zentralinstituts für Kunstgeschichte, vol. 1, 1985, pp. 375–399."La cultura figurativa emiliana in età romanica". In Nicholaus e l’arte del suo tempo, vol. 1, 1985, pp. 51–92. "Die gotische Kathedralfassade". In Werner Busch, ed., Kunst. Weinheim, 1987, pp.54–79. "Style or Transition? The Fallacies of Classification Discussed in the Light of German Architecture 1190 – 1260". Architectural History, vol. 30, 1987, pp. 1–29. "Medieval Paris, Center of European Taste: Fame and Realities".In George Mauner, ed., Paris. Abington, 1988, pp. 12–45. "La cathédrale et la révolution". Conférences plénières, 1990, pp. 67–106. Das Jahrhundert der großen Kathedralen: 1140 – 1260.Munich: Beck, 1990. "Gothic Art Reconsidered: New Aspects and Open Questions". In Elizabeth C. Parker, ed., The Cloisters. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 1992, pp. 26–40.


texts: "Romanesque Sculpture in its Architectural Context". In Deborah Kahn, ed., The Romanesque Frieze and its Spectator.London, 1992, pp. 17–44. Von den "Sonderleistungen Deutscher Kunst" zur "Ars Sacra": Kunstgeschichte in Deutschland 1945–1950. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer, 1992. "Erweiterung des Denkmalbegriffs?" In Wilfried Lipp, ed., Denkmal, Werte, Gesellschaft. Frankfurt am Main, 1993, pp.120–149. "Dal gotico europeo in Italia al gotico italiano in Europa". In Valentino Pace and Martina Bagnoli, eds., Il Gotico europeo in Italia. Napoli, 1994, pp. 8–21. Initialen : Ein Versuch über das verwirrte Verhältnis von Schrift und Bild im Mittelalter. Wolfenbüttel, 1994."Gedanken über das Nachleben des gotischen Kirchenraums im Spiegel der Malerei". Münchner Jahrbuch der bildenden Kunst, vol. 45, 1994, pp. 165–182. "Integration: a closed or open proposal?" In Virginia Chieffo Raguin and Kathryn Brush, eds., Artistic Integration in Gothic Buildings. Toronto, 1995, pp.1–18. "Benedetto Antelami: Per un bilancio critico". In Albert Dietl and Chiara Frugoni, eds., Benedetto Antelami e il Battistero di Parma. Torino, 1995, pp. 3–69. "Struggling with a deconstructed Panofsky". In Irving Lavin, ed., Meaning in the Visual Arts.Princeton, NJ, 1995, pp. 385–396. Das Königsportal in Chartres: Heilsgeschichte und Lebenswirklichkeit. Frankfurt am Main:


texts: Fischer-Taschenbuch, 1996. Kunsthistoriker/Kunsthistorikerin (Blätter zur Berufskunde). Bielefeld: Bertelsmann, 1998. "Zur Stiftertumba für Heinrich den Löwen und Herzogin Mathilde in St. Blasius in Braunschweig".In Joachim Ehlers and Dietrich Kötzsche, eds., Der Welfenschatz und sein Umkreis. Mainz, 1998, pp. 439–483. Cathedrals and Sculpture. 2 volumes. London: Pindar Press, 1999–2000. Die Luft auf der Spitze des Pinsels: Kritische Spaziergänge durch Bildersäle.Munich: Hanser, 2002. Ein Versuch über die Gesichter Houdons: Thomas W. Gaehtgens zum 24. Juni 2000. Munich: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2002. "Antiqui et moderni at Reims". Gesta, vol. 42, no.1, 2003, pp. 19–37. "Centre et périphérie: Le cas du portail de Lausanne". In Peter Kurmann and Martin Rohde, eds., Die Kathedrale von Lausanne und ihr Marienportal im Kontext der europäischen Gotik. Berlin, 2004, pp. 203–217. Romanesque Art: Problems and Monuments.London: Pindar Press, 2004. "Strasbourg, cathédrale: Le bras sud du transept, architecture et sculpture". In Session, Congrès Archéologique de France. Société Française d’Archéologie, Paris, vol. 162, 2004, pp. 171–184. Essai sur les visages des bustes de Houdon.Paris, 2005. "Noch einmal Poussins Landschaften: Ein Versuch über Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der ikonologischen Interpretation". Münchner Jahrbuch der bildenden Kunst, vol.


texts: 56, 2005, pp. 107–137. "The Fate of the Face in Medieval Art". In Charles T. Little, ed., Set in Stone.Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 2006, pp. 3–17. "Herkules in der politischen Ikonographie: Zum Herkulesteppich in der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften". In Sabine Heym, Herkules besiegt die Lernäische Hydra. Munich, 2006, pp. 21–94. "Architecture gothique et mise en scène des reliques : l'exemple de la Sainte-Chapelle".In Christine Hediger, ed., La Sainte-Chapelle de Paris. Turnhout, 2007, pp. 113–136. "Kunstgeschichte und Bildwissenschaft". In Josef Früchtl and Maria Moog-Grünewald, eds., Ästhetik in metaphysikkritischen Zeiten. Zeitschrift für Ästhetik und allgemeine Kunstwissenschaft, special issue, Hamburg, 2007, pp. 93–108."Paysage de Poussin: Les limites de l’interprétation iconologique". Studiolo, vol. 6, 2008, pp. 191–232. "Romanesque Art 2000: A Worn Out Notion?" In Colum Hourihane, ed., Romanesque Art and Thought in the Twelfth Century. Princeton, NJ, 2008, pp.40–56. "Von Stilus zu Stil: Reflexionen über das Schicksal eines Begriffs". In Caecilie Weissert, ed., Stil in der Kunstgeschichte. Darmstadt, 2009, pp. 102–122. "Transzendenz nach dem Tode Gottes? Barnett Newmans 'Stations of the Cross' und Mark Rothkos 'Chapel' ".In Markus Kleinert, ed., Kunst und Religion, Mainz, 2010, pp. 79–108. Der katholische


texts:
 Rubens. Von den Heiligen und Märtyrern. Munich: C. H. Beck, 2011. Kunststadt München? Unterbrochene Lebenswege.Munich, 2012. Manet malt Monet: Ein Sommer in Argenteuil. Munich: Beck, 2012. Reims – die Königin der Kathedralen: Himmelsstadt und Erinnerungsort. Berlin and Munich, 2013. Meister von Meßkirch, Der Wildensteiner Altar, Staatsgalerie Stuttgart – Meister von Meßkirch, Der Heilige Martin mit Bettler und dem Stifter Gottfried Werner von Zimmern. Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe, 2014.References

Further reading
<mask> <mask>, "Zersplitterte Erinnerung". In Martina Sitt, ed., Kunsthistoriker in eigener Sache. Berlin, 1990, pp. 300–323. Werner Busch, Wolfgang Kemp and Martin Warnke, eds., <mask> Sauerländer: Geschichte der Kunst – Gegenwart der Kritik. Gesammelte Aufsätze. Cologne: Dumont, 1999 (bibliography, pp.343–359). Ulrich Rehm, "Vom Sehen zum Lesen: Eine Fallstudie zur ikonologischen Praxis der Nachkriegszeit". In Nikola Doll and Ruth Heftrig, eds., Kunstgeschichte nach 1945. Cologne, 2006, pp. 67–75. Sasha Suda, "In Conversation: <mask> Sauerländer with Sasha Suda." Brooklyn Rail: Critical Perspectives on Arts, Politics and Culture, February 2010.<mask> <mask>, "Afterthoughts to a Conversation with Sasha Suda." Brooklyn Rail: Critical Perspectives on Arts, Politics and Culture, April 2010. Pierre-Yves Le Pogam, " 'L’ oeil

masks: Willibald Sauerländer Willibald Willibald Willibald Sauerländer


texts:
 écoute': entretien avenc Willibald Sauerländer". Perspective, 2, 2010, pp. 285–300. External links
Dictionary of Art Historians: Sauerländer, Willibald

1924 births
2018 deaths
People from Bad Waldsee
People from the Free People's State of Württemberg
German art historians
German male non-fiction writers
Corresponding Fellows of the Medieval Academy of


texts:
<mask> (born 2 September 1972) is a former Australian rules footballer who is the senior coach of the Greater Western Sydney Giants (GWS) in the Australian Football League (AFL). His AFL playing career lasted from 1990 to 2003 and included 256 senior games – 172 for the Western Bulldogs and 84 for . AFL playing career
<mask> was recruited from South Warrnambool Football Club with the 7th selection in the 1988 National Draft for the Footscray Football Club (Bulldogs). He played 172 games and kicked 68 goals for the Bulldogs between 1990 and 1999 and won the Charles Sutton Medal in 1993 and The Age Footballer of the Year award in 1995. In 2000 <mask> was traded to the Richmond Football Club where he played a further 84 games and kicked 40 goals over four seasons before retiring at the end of the

masks:
Leon Cameron
Cameron
Cameron


texts:
 2003 AFL season. AFL coaching career

Assistant coaching roles
After retirement <mask> returned to the Western Bulldogs as an assistant coach from 2004 to the end of 2010. In September 2010 he accepted an assistant coaching role with Hawthorn, playing an instrumental role in the club as they reached the 2012 AFL Grand Final, which was lost to the  Swans.It was <mask>'s first Grand Final as an AFL player or coach after three preliminary final losses as a player (two at the Western Bulldogs and one at ) and another four as an assistant coach (three at the Bulldogs and one at Hawthorn). <mask> then joined Greater Western Sydney as the senior assistant coach for the 2013 season with a contract that appointed him as the senior coach from 2014. First senior coaching role
On 1 September 2013, after

masks: Cameron Cameron Cameron


texts:
 Kevin Sheedy coached his 679th and final game as a senior coach in the VFL-AFL, the competing teams formed a guard of honour for Sheedy and a handover ceremony took place with Sheedy passing the baton to <mask> who succeeded him as senior coach. <mask>'s contract, signed in October 2012, stipulated one year as senior assistant coach to Sheedy and then 3 years as the senior coach. <mask> coached Greater Western Sydney to the 2019 AFL Grand Final, however they were soundly beaten by  by 89 points. During the 2020 AFL season the club signed <mask> to a 2 year extension contracting him to the end of the 2022 season. Statistics

Playing statistics

|-
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
!scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1990
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 18 || 20 || 8 || 10 || 258 || 129 ||

masks:
Leon Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron


texts:
 scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|2017
|
| 25 || 15 || 8 || 2 || 60.0% || 4 || 18
|-
|scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|2018
|
|24 || 14 || 9 || 0 || 58.3% || 7 || 18
|-
|scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|2019
|
|26 || 16 || 10 || 1 || 61.5% || 6 || 18
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan=2| Career totals
! 143
! 83
! 61
! 3
!54.65%
! colspan=2|
|}

References

External links

GWS website

1972 births
Living people
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Richmond Football Club players
Western Bulldogs players
Greater Western Sydney Giants coaches
Charles Sutton Medal winners
South Warrnambool Football Club players
Victorian State of Origin


texts:
<mask> is an Argentinian-Belgian lawyer and businessman who is a leading figure in the Argentinian financial scandal known both as Boudougate and as “Caso Ciccone,” which happened in February 2012. As president of a Dutch-based firm called The Old Fund, he has been accused of being a front man for Argentinian Vice President Amado Boudou and for Boudou's business partner Núñez Carmona in a purported scheme involving the purchase and control of the printing house Ciccone Calcografica, later known as Compañía de Valores Sudamericana (American Securities Company), or CVS, which printed banknotes and documents for the government of Argentina. The public comments and testimony of Vandenbroele's wife, Laura Muñoz, played a major role in exposing the Boudougate scandal and in incriminating Vandenbroele and other principals. In addition to being tried in Argentina, Vandenbroele was also wanted in Uruguay on charges of money laundering. Career

2008
Vandenbroele first appeared in business records in March 2008 as a shareholder in Madrid-based Agroibérica de Inversiones SA, a firm purportedly involved in the “production, distribution, import and export of food and drinks.”

2009
In 2009, he became a shareholder in Buenos Aires-based Ruta Sur Rentals SA, which rents out motorhomes, RVs, and other vehicles and has German and Dutch owners. 2010
In July 2010, the Argentinian tax agency, the Administración Federal de Ingresos Públicos (AFIP), called on Calcográfica Ciccone to declare bankruptcy. Calcográfica Ciccone was one of Argentina's most important printers, “often working for the state on such sensitive issues as the printing


texts: of banknotes, identity documents, and passports,” and owed the national treasury 239 million pesos.Two months later, with backing from Amado Boudou, who at the time was Economy Minister, the AFIP reversed itself and allowed Ciccone to refinance its debt. A Netherlands-based corporation named The Old Fund, described by Clarin as a “mysterious company,” whose only public face was Vandenbroele, thereupon invested 2.3 million pesos in Ciccone, and Vandenbroele assumed the presidency of what became known as the “new” Ciccone, the name of which was eventually changed to Compañía de Valores Sudamericana (American Securities Company), or CVS. The Old Fund owned 70% of the “new” Ciccone, of which it officially took control on October 29, 2010, two days after the death of Néstor Kirchner. One of the founders of the company, Nicholas Ciccone, and the two daughters of his deceased brother, Hector, owned 30%. A 2014 report indicated that The Old Fund was incorporated in 2008 by two Argentinians, Eduardo Alberto Razzetti and Carlos Fabian Dorado and that Vandenbroele took control of the firm as a shareholder in or shortly prior to September 2010. In that same month, according to the same 2014 report, a firm called London Supply contributed $1.8 million to The Old Fund, one of whose shareholders at the time was Michelangelo Castilian, a longtime friend of Boudou and Núñez Carmona. Vandenbroele officially became president of CVS on October 21, 2010, with Jose María Capirone, a former partner of Núñez Carmona and Boudou, serving as his second-in-command, and assumed the presidency of the Old Fund on November 17, 2010.In that same


texts:
 month, Vandenbroele became deputy director, owner, and president of The Old Fund, another shareholder in which was Sergio Gustavo Martinez, a fugitive from justice in the United States. At around the same time, The Old Fund was paid $7.8 million for alleged technical consultation for the government of Taiwan in regard to an exchange of public debt with Argentina, a matter in which Boudou was a central player. This report stated that The Old Fund spent 567,000 pesos to reverse the bankruptcy of Calcográfica Ciccone and that Núñez Carmona, according to Vandenbroele's wife, had represented The Old Fund in discussions with the creditors of Ciccone, whom he had persuaded to allow The Old Fund to take over that firm. It was noted by several news media that in 2010, immediately prior to his involvement in The Old Fund and Calcográfica Ciccone, Vandenbroele was listed in Argentinian tax rolls as a self-employed person or small-business proprietor in the very lowest tax bracket. 2012
These dealings began to erupt into a public scandal in February 2012. On February 24, prosecutor Carlos Rivolo traveled to Mendoza where he interviewed Vandenbroele's wife, Laura Muñoz, about her husband's connections to Boudou and Boudou's business partner José María Núñez Carmona. She told Rivolo that her husband was a front man for Boudou and provided Rivolo with documents and an audio tape of conversations between her and Vandenbroele.Muñoz said that her husband and Núñez Carmona ran a “ghost consultancy” in Puerto Madero that handled “money bribes” and that was a front for Boudou. Muñoz also told Rivolo that she had argued with her husband


texts: about the illegality of these activities and about his insistence that they move from Buenos Aires to Mendoza because of these activities. The audiotapes contained evidence of these arguments. Muñoz, who had been married to Vandenbroele since 2006, said that she had begun to suspect him of cheating, and while looking through his papers for evidence of an affair, she discovered documents outlining his relationship to Boudou and Núñez Carmona. Vandenbroele reportedly had known Boudou since their youth in Mar del Plata, where Boudou, in his teens, had dated Vandenbroele's cousin Guadalupe Escaray. As of 2012, Escaray was working under Boudou as regional chef of ANSES, the Argentinian social-security administration. When confronted with Muñoz's claims about her husband's business connections to Boudou, Boudou stated they were “all lies.” On April 4, 2012, the Justice Department raided an apartment owned by Boudou in Puerto Madero, and found evidence that the home expenses, including rent and cable bills, were paid by Vandenbroele, indicating that he was residing there.The raid, which was ordered by federal judge Daniel Rafecas at the request of Rívolo, established a firm link between Boudou and Vandenbroele. On April 22, it was reported that Vandenbroele was under investigation for money laundering in Spain. On May 12, it was reported that phone service at the Puerto Madero apartment was in Vandenbroele's name. On May 13, La Nación confirmed that Vandenbroele was living in the apartment. Boudou, however, denied knowing him. On May 14, Federal prosecutor Jorge Di Lello called for Boudou, José María Núñez Carmona,


texts: Vandenbroele, and Boudou's domestic partner, Agustina Kämpfer, to be investigated for embezzlement, in addition to 10 companies, including The Old Fund. A June 3, 2012, report in La Nación outlined details of a Ciccone Calcográfica contract to print money for the national mint, and suggested that money laundering was involved.A June 14 article in the same newspaper noted that <mask> was “the only face” of The Old Fund and that the origin of its assets was a mystery. On June 25, La Nación reported that the price charged by Calcográfica Ciccone to print money was higher than prices offered by other companies. On June 26, it was reported that a Uruguayan court had begun investigating CVS, and that The Old Fund owned a firm called Dusbel SA, which had been founded by Uruguayan accountant Fernando Castagno Schickendantz, who had then sold it to an Argentinian firm before its acquisition by The Old Fund. On July 4 came a report that Ariel Lijo, the judge who was investigating the Ciccone Case, had asked the government agency Unidad de Información Financiera (UIF) for a document from Spain containing information about Vandenbroele's financial actions. On August 21, La Nación reported on a “key document” signed on the previous June 13 by Boudou, Vandenbroele, and the apparent “controlling shareholder” of The Old Fund, Guillermo Reinwick, whereby Vandenbroele agreed to act on Reinwick's behalf “to try to salvage the former Ciccone” and thereby protect the firm from government investigation. According to La Nación, Reinwick had signed this agreement under pressure, and had also taken responsibility for the two companies that


texts:
 the newspaper described as being “behind The Old Fund: the Dutch fund Tierras International Investments CV, later replaced by a US firm called LLC, and the Uruguayan firm Dusbel SA.”

The operation of CVS was taken over  by the government in August 2012, and was placed under the direct control of the Minister of Economy, Hernán Lorenzino, and the head of the Mint, Katya Daura, both of whom reported to Boudou. In November 2012, Vandenbroele filed a document before the Criminal Court in which he claimed that Raul Moneta, a banker connected with the Kirchner administration, had financed the entire Ciccone operation.In response, Moneta “opted for public silence.”

2013
Diario Velez reported on January 6, 2013, that officials were tracing the origins of Vandenbroele's money, and that “all roads lead to the tax havens of Panama and the Isles [sic] of Man.”

Appearing in Commercial Court in April 2013, Vandenbroele accused the government of wanting to destroy the Ciccone printing firm and to take it over unconstitutionally. Vandenbroele complained that the government intervention in the printing business had caused “a severe decline” in its income. As of June 1, 2013, Vandenbroele was living in a private neighborhood, Vistalba, and was not paying alimony to Muñoz. In an October 2013 interview, Muñoz described Boudou as “an immoral man and a liar.” According to her, Vandenbroele had always “derided Boudou,” never spoken of him with respect, and invariably viewed him as a man who obtained things illicitly. It was reported on October 20, 2013, that a case against “Boudou and others” for illegal enrichment was on the desk of