texts: BBC One titled <mask>'s Britain. On 11 July 2010, <mask> came runner-up in the second-ever game of How Many Peter Jones'? on ITV's James Corden's World Cup Live. He has appeared as a panellist on BBC programmes Have I Got News for You, Would I Lie to You?, and on QI. On 28 October 2010, he also guest hosted an episode of series 40 of Have I Got News For You. On 12 February 2010, during an appearance on Friday Night with Jonathan Ross it was revealed that prior to his TV breakthrough, <mask> had worked as a warm-up for the show.In March 2011, <mask> and fellow comedians Alan Carr, James Corden, Catherine Tate, and David Walliams appeared in the video for Take That's single "Happy Now" for Comic Relief. On 24 June 2012, he appeared on Desert Island Discs. On 28 August and 4 September 2012, he appeared in Accused as Peter for two episodes. In late 2012, <mask> appeared on BBC genealogy series Who Do You Think You Are? and on an ITV one-off episode called Panto!, where he starred as a local Morecambe disc jockey called Lewis Loud. As of January 2013, <mask> hosts <mask>'s Only Joking on Sky 1. On 28 July 2013, <mask> headlined the Vodafone comedy festival in Dublin's Iveagh Gardens.Before the gig, a reporter called Brian Boyd interviewed him about his recently replenished marriage and how his wife eventually found him funny again. <mask>'s autobiography titled How Did All This Happen? was published in October 2013. In November 2013, he hosted the 2013 Royal Variety Performance at the London Palladium theatre in the presence of Charles, Prince of Wales and Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall. In December 2014, he appeared in A Night in with Olly Murs where he and Olly Murs had a lip-sync battle. In 2015, <mask> presented his own variety show on BBC One called The <mask> Show. In May 2015, <mask> appeared

masks:
John Bishop
Bishop
Bishop
Bishop
Bishop
Bishop
John Bishop
Bishop
Bishop
Bishop
John Bishop
Bishop


type: original

texts:
 as a special guest at the Liverpool date of Murs's Never Been Better Tour and performed "Troublemaker" with him.In January 2016, he took part in the BBC series Stargazing Live, appearing from the European Astronaut Centre, and following Tim Peake's astronaut training programme with a simulated spacewalk, underwater. Since September 2016, <mask> has presented <mask>: In Conversation With... for the W channel. Two series have been aired: the show will return for a third series. On 21 September 2016, <mask> was confirmed to have a role in ITV drama series Fearless, which aired in 2017. On 29 September 2016, <mask> announced that he would be going on tour for the fifth time in October and November 2017 with a show titled Winging It. In August 2019, <mask> began presenting a football programme called Back of the Net for Amazon Prime Video with Peter Crouch and Gabby Logan. On 8 September 2020, <mask> and writer, actor and director Tony Pitts launched their new podcast called Three Little Words.This podcast was launched on the Crowd Network podcasting platform, which has financial backing from <mask> and was started by a group of ex-BBC executives. On 1 January 2021, <mask> announced that he would join the cast of Doctor Who as Dan Lewis, a companion of the Thirteenth Doctor. On 28 January, it was announced that <mask> would appear as a contestant on the 4th series of The Great Stand Up to Cancer Bake Off in the spring of that year. Awards
At the 2010 British Comedy Awards, <mask> won the Best Male Comedy Breakthrough Artist award. He became the Number 1 "Star in a reasonably priced car" on Top Gear on Sunday 23 January 2011 after he appeared on the BBC Two show. He drove the Kia Cee'd around the test track in 1 minute and 42.8 seconds to become the fastest star in the latest reasonably priced car,

masks:
Bishop
John Bishop
Bishop
Bishop
Bishop
Bishop
John Bishop
Bishop
Bishop
Bishop


texts:
 knocking Tom Cruise off the top. <mask>'s record lasted nearly half a year until being knocked off by Rowan Atkinson (1 minute 42.2 seconds) on Sunday 17 July 2011.He was also the fastest in the League of Their Own skeleton race, beating Georgie Thompson and James Corden. On 18 July 2014, <mask> was awarded an honorary fellowship at Liverpool John Moores University in recognition of his contribution to the arts and charity work during a ceremony at Liverpool's Anglican Cathedral. On 11 July 2018, <mask> won the Celebrity Animal Champion award at the RSPCA Honours Awards for his work with rescue animals. On 25 July 2019, <mask> received an Honorary Doctor of Arts degree from Manchester Metropolitan University for his charity work, and the contributions he has made to comedy and the arts. Charity work
In 1992, <mask> cycled from Sydney to Liverpool, raising £30,000 for the NSPCC. On 30 March 2010, <mask> took part in Channel 4's Comedy Gala, a benefit show held in aid of Great Ormond Street Hospital, filmed live at the O2 Arena in London. In 2012, <mask> completed a  triathlon from Paris to London in five days to raise money for the BBC charity Sport Relief.His "week of hell" began at the Eiffel Tower on 27 February, where he cycled  to Calais. The next day, he rowed across the English Channel as part of a team including Davina McCall, Andrew Flintoff, and Denise Lewis, then ran  from Dover to London in three days, finishing in Trafalgar Square on 2 March. On 23 March, during the Sport Relief telethon, it was announced that his efforts had raised £4.2 million. Also in 2012, he took part in The Justice Collective for their cover of The Hollies single "He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother" for charities in aid of Hillsborough disaster victims. On 27 May 2012, he took part in the Soccer Aid match for

masks: Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop


texts:
 Unicef, playing for the England team, who won 3–1 against the Rest of the World. In 2014, <mask> once again took part in Sport Relief as a team captain for the Clash of the Titans event, competing against Sebastian Coe and his team. In May 2014, <mask> donated £96,000 to the Hillsborough Family Support Group after being moved by personal statements delivered by the victims' families at their inquests.On 8 June 2014, he took part in his second Soccer Aid football match, again playing for England, this time losing 4–2 to the Rest of the World. On 5 June 2016, he took part in his third Soccer Aid match, playing on England's team. In 2020, <mask> donated 100 laptops to his former school, Brookvale Academy, as he warned of a “gulf” in society risks leaving children behind. On 19 April 2016, <mask> served as host for a comedy gig at the Royal Albert Hall in aid of Teenage Cancer Trust. <mask> competed in the Ciaran Geddes memorial match at the Deva Stadium, scoring two goals while playing with his brother Eddie for Chester. Personal life
<mask> has been married to his wife Melanie since 1993, though they were separated for 18 months starting in 2000. They have three sons: Joe (born 1994), Luke (born 1996), and Daniel (born 1998).Until 2019, they lived at Whatcroft Hall in Northwich, Cheshire. The property is a Grade II listed Georgian mansion. In April 2019, he sold the home for £6.2 million to the HS2 rail project, despite his vocal criticism of the project. <mask> enjoys playing football and is an avid Liverpool FC fan, a fact frequently brought up on the show A League of Their Own, on which he was a panelist. In July 2010, he took part in protests against then-owners of Liverpool FC, Tom Hicks and George Gillett, and later took part in a celebrity-studded protest video on YouTube. <mask>

masks: Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop


texts:
 pre-recorded a video message for the 2011 Labour Party conference, which was held in Liverpool. <mask> has been a vegetarian since 1985, which he discussed on BBC Two's Something for The Weekend and his episode on food on his stand-up show <mask>'s Britain.In 2013, PETA declared him to be one of the "Sexiest Vegetarians" of the year. In September 2016, <mask> was ranked tenth place on Forbes Top 10 Highest Paid Comedians List, earning £5.4 million a year, making him the UK's highest earning comedian. On 30 December 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, <mask> revealed that he and his wife had tested positive for COVID-19 on Christmas Day and described it as the "worst illness [he has] ever had". While driving in Wales on 21 July 2021, <mask> crashed his Land Rover Discovery after swerving to avoid another driver who had swerved to avoid a "big chicken". He was on his way to take a ferry to Ireland and was unhurt. Filmography

Television

Film

Music videos
2011: Take That – "Happy Now" for Comic Relief
2012: The Justice Collective – "He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother"

Stage
2009: One Night in Istanbul – Tom

Tours
"Stick Your Job Up Your Ar**" Tour" (2007)
"The Elvis Has Left the Building Tour" (2010)
"The Sunshine Tour" (2011)
"The Rollercoaster Tour" (2012)
"Supersonic Tour" (2014)
"Winging It" (2017)
"Work In Progress" (2019)
"Right Here Right Now" (2021)

DVDs

References

External links

Official Website

Living people
1966 births
People from Liverpool
Alumni of Manchester Metropolitan University
Comedians from Lancashire
Male actors from Liverpool
Comedians from Liverpool
English male comedians
English footballers
Association football midfielders
Hyde United F.C. players
Southport F.C.players
Footballers from Liverpool
English male television actors
21st-century English male

masks:
Bishop
John Bishop
Bishop
Bishop
Bishop


texts:
<mask> (born May 28, 1958) is a former second baseman in Major League Baseball who played from 1982 to 1993 with the Houston Astros, Cincinnati Reds and Milwaukee Brewers. He was the bench coach for the Kansas City Royals from 2005 to 2007 and posted a 4-6 record as the Royals' interim manager to close the 2006 season. Doran rejoined the Reds on November 2, 2007, as the minor league infielding/baserunning coordinator. After previously serving as the minor league field coordinator, Doran moved into the role of special assistant to the general manager, player performance role for the Reds for the 2019 season. Early life
Doran attended Mount Healthy High School and played baseball at the Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. At Mt. Healthy, he starred in baseball, basketball, and football, leading the Owls to several league championships as an All-League quarterback.Though he was considered one of the best option quarterbacks to ever play at MtH, during his sophomore year he threw a 99 yard touchdown pass to receiver Vince Brown, a record that still stands.In 1977, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Falmouth Commodores of the Cape Cod Baseball League. Baseball career
Doran was selected by the Houston Astros in the sixth round of the 1979 draft. Doran came into the majors as a September call-up in the 1982 season. That year, he would play in 26 games while batting .278 on 27 hits. For the 1983 season, he would be the starting second baseman for the Astros, which started with Opening Day. He would play in 154 games and having a batting line of a .271 batting average to go with a .371 on-base percentage (OBP). In the fourth game of the year, he recorded his first career home run off John Candelaria of the Pittsburgh


texts: Pirates on April 10.<mask> led the team in walks with 86 (with eleven being intentional, also a team high), which worked in contrast to his 67 strikeouts; dubiously, he would steal twelve bases but also be caught stealing twelve times. It was the first of eight times that he would have more walks than strikeouts in a season; he finished fifth in the Rookie of the Year Award, which went to Darryl Strawberry. He would decrease in productivity slightly in 1984, playing in 147 games while batting .271. He walked 66 times and struck out 69 times while having 143 hits and 41 runs batted in (RBI). Dubiously, while he was second in a general amount of offensive categories to José Cruz, he led the Astros in times caught stealing (12). For the following season, he batted .287 while playing 148 games, for which he would have 71 walks to go with 69 strikeouts. He led the Astros in runs, hits, walks, stolen bases and also times caught stealing.He received votes for the Most Valuable Player award. The Astros, having experienced a downturn since the back-to-back playoff births in 1980 & 1981, finally bounced back in 1986, and <mask> was there to contribute. He played in 145 games while batting .276, stealing 42 bases alongside 81 walks to 57 strikeouts. He would lead the team in runs, stolen bases, and perhaps most dubiously in times caught stealing (19, which led the league). <mask> finished eleventh in the voting for NL Most Valuable Player that year In the 1986 National League Championship Series, he would have a cold bat for most of the series, having six hits on 29 plate appearances. Doran hit a home run off Ron Darling in the second inning to give the Astros a 4-0 lead. However, the team could not hold it together for the

masks: Doran Doran Doran


texts: last four innings and lost 6-5.In Game 5, with the series tied at two, he would hit a groundout with two runners on and one out in the fifth inning that scored the first run of the game, although the Mets would win it in the ninth on a walk-off hit in the 12th inning. In the pivotal Game 6, often thought of as one of the best postseason games played of the season, Doran would have a small part in the overall result. Doran had a single and was then forced out at second base in the first inning that would later see four straight Astros get on base and result in a 3-0 initial lead. The Mets would tie the game and the teams dueled it out until the 16th inning. Doran, with a runner on first and one out while trailing 7-4, hit a single to try and continue a potential rally. He would score the 6th run of the game for the Astros on a Glenn Davis single, but the next batter in Kevin Bass was struck out by Jesse Orosco to end the game and series. Before the 1987 season, Doran lost an arbitration case with the Astros, as he had sought a raise of $275,000 from his previous salary (which was $550,000), with the result being that he was paid only $625,000.He had his best year that season, as he led the NL in games played (162), batted .283, hit a career high 16 home runs, had a career high .992 fielding percentage, and scored a career high 79 runs. <mask> however would recoil in the following year. He batted .248 while playing in 132 games while having 65 walks to 60 strikeouts. After the season, Doran underwent rotator cuff surgery. He had much of the same success with the following year, as he batted .219 but managed to play in 142 games while having 22 stolen bases and 59 walks to 63 strikeouts. He recorded his 1,000th hit on


texts: June 16, doing so on a home run off Ed Whitson against the San Diego Padres. For the 1990 season, it was to be his last with the Astros.On August 30, he was traded for Terry McGriff, Keith Kaiser, and Butch Henry to the Cincinnati Reds, his hometown team. He had turned down a trade to the New York Mets the day before. Although the Reds won the World Series that year, Doran had back surgery the day the team clinched the division pennant and he missed the rest of the season. "I didn't feel like I belonged. I was just a rented player", Doran said. In a combined season of 126 games, he batted .300 while having 23 stolen bases with 79 walks to 58 strikeouts. He would sign with the Reds for the next two seasons.He played 111 games the following year, batting .280 while having 46 walks to 39 strikeouts. His 1992 season was his last as a mostly-every week player, since he appeared in 132 games while batting .235, while Bip Roberts emerged as a standout player to use on second base more so than Doran. He had 64 walks to 40 strikeouts. A purchase from Milwaukee in January 1993 did not lend itself to increased time, as he would play just 28 games for the Brewers while dealing with injuries. He batted .217 while having just one stolen base. Doran had a career .266 batting average, but had four seasons when he placed in the top 10 in the National League in bases on balls. Doran never made an All-Star team, but was extraordinarily popular at The Astrodome and admired for his hustle and ferocity, reminiscent of Cincinnati native Pete Rose.He was widely considered the best Astros second baseman in team history until the emergence of Craig Biggio, who eclipsed Doran in offensive statistics but never approached Doran's defensive


texts:
 capacity. He is among the career leaders in many offensive categories for the Astros. He is top 10 in at bats (8th), runs (8th), hits (8th), singles (8th), triples (10th), total bases (9th), and bases on balls (6th). He is one of thirteen Astros to have collected 1,000 hits. Doran became a minor league instructor for the Reds in 1995. In 1999 and 2000, Doran served as the organization's minor league field coordinator, director of player development and assistant to the general manager. He became a major league coach for the Reds in November 2000.After a 96-loss season in 2001, the Reds did not renew the contracts of Doran or third base coach Ron Oester. Doran joined the Kansas City Royals coaching staff in 2005 and became their bench coach the following year. He is currently a special assistant to the Reds. Personal life
Doran resides in Cincinnati. He has three children, Dana, Amy and Ryan. His son Ryan, who is named after Doran's teammate Nolan Ryan, was a player in the Reds' minor-league system, and is pursuing an acting and writing career. His sister Denise was a Dallas Cowboys Cheerleader.See also
 Houston Astros award winners and league leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders

References

External links

1958 births
Living people
Major League Baseball second basemen
Cincinnati Reds players
Houston Astros players
Milwaukee Brewers players
Kansas City Royals managers
Miami RedHawks baseball players
Falmouth Commodores players
Kansas City Royals coaches
Cincinnati Reds coaches
Major League Baseball first base coaches
Gulf Coast Astros players
Daytona Beach Astros players
Columbus Astros players
Tucson Toros players
Stockton Ports players
El Paso Diablos players
Baseball players from


texts:
<mask> (20 January 1714, – 5 February 1787) was an English Dissenter and theologian. He was educated at the Dissenting Academy in Northampton under Philip Doddridge, and became pastor of a congregation at Walthamstow, Essex. In 1701 he became preacher and one of the Tuesday lecturers at Salters' Hall, London. He was a believer in miracles, but wrote against the existence of supernatural evil. He viewed the devil as allegorical. Life
A younger son of William and <mask>, he was born on 20 January 1714 at the Isle Gate farm in a Shropshire hamlet called the Isle, within the parish of St. Chad, Shrewsbury. His mother was a daughter of <mask> of Bronycludwr, Merionethshire, one of the nonconformists of 1662.<mask> was at school at Llanegryn, Merionethshire, and then under Charles Owen, at Warrington. In 1731 he entered the dissenting academy run by Philip Doddridge at Northampton; to his tutor's preaching and his reading of the sermons of Joseph Boyse he attributed his religious impressions. On leaving the academy (1736) he became assistant to David Some of Market Harborough (d. May 1737). Early in 1737 he took charge of a struggling congregation at Walthamstow, founded by Samuel Slater, a minister ejected from St. James's, Bury St Edmunds. He at first lodged in London, only five miles away, but was then received into the family of William Snell, a chancery solicitor, and friend of Doddridge. <mask> made an increase in the congregation. In July,

masks:
Hugh Farmer
Mary Farmer
Hugh Owen
Farmer
Farmer


texts: Doddridge, who had been asked to find a minister for the independent congregation at Taunton, applied to <mask>, who declined the overture; he explained that he was not Calvinistic enough for Taunton, the liberal element in the congregation having seceded with Thomas Amory.At Walthamstow was William Coward (died 1738), a benefactor to dissenting causes. In 1740 a new meeting-house was built for <mask> on a piece of ground given by Snell. <mask>'s preaching drew a distinguished congregation; Andrew Kippis remembered dozens of coaches in at the meeting-house door. He continued to reside with the Snells as a permanent guest, and spent most of his income in books. In 1759 his congregation relieved him of some duties by appointing as afternoon preacher Ebenezer Radcliffe, who remained his colleague till 1777. Thomas Belsham was invited to succeed him, but declined. <mask> then prepared his treatise on Temptation of Christ (preface dated 23 June 1761).Soon afterwards he accepted the post of afternoon preacher at Salters' Hall, vacated by the promotion of Francis Spilsbury to the pastorate; this was a presbyterian congregation, but <mask> never ceased to be an independent. Except for that of James Fordyce of Monkwell Street, his was the largest afternoon congregation among the presbyterians of London. In 1762 he was elected a trustee of Dr. Williams's foundations; he was also elected a trustee of the Coward Trust. About the same time he was chosen one of

masks: Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer


texts:
 the preachers at the "merchants' lecture" on Tuesday mornings at Salters' Hall. <mask> resigned his Sunday lectureship at Salters' Hall in 1772; he delivered the charge at the ordination of Thomas Tayler at Carter Lane in 1778, but declined to print it; he resigned the merchants' lectureship in 1780. At the same time he resigned the pastorate at Walthamstow, but continued to preach in the morning until a successor was appointed. In 1782 he resigned his place on the Coward Trust, but was re-elected later.His health was then failing, and he usually wintered at Bath. He overcame two severe attacks of kidney stone, but in 1785 was threatened with blindness (his father had been blind for six years before his death). An operation restored to him the use of his eyes, and his last days were devoted to study. He died on 5 February 1787, and was buried in the parish churchyard at Walthamstow, in the same grave with his friend Snell. He never married. His elder brother, John, a strict Calvinist and a good scholar, became (30 December 1730) assistant to Richard Rawlin at Fetter Lane, and afterwards (28 March 1739) colleague with Edward Bentley at Coggeshall, Essex; he published a volume of sermons (1756), and succeeded Joseph Priestley at Needham Market, Suffolk (1758). He became deranged; <mask>, with whom he was not on good terms, then covertly provided for his wants.Views
"Never raise a difficulty without being able to solve it" was his frequent advice to

masks: Farmer Hugh


texts:
 young preachers. He censured Joseph Priestley's publications. Conservative in his views, he was keenly alive to the thorny places of doctrinal systems, and avoided them. His recommendation was "Sell all your commentators and buy Grotius", an echo of a remark which he had heard in Doddridge's classroom, but without Doddridge's qualification. He exercised an influence on liberal dissent. He was the champion of the divine sovereignty, both as excluding from the physical world the operation of any other invisible agents, and as authorising the production of 'new phænomena' which remove 'the inconveniences of governing by fixed and general laws.' <mask> maintained that the proof of the divinity of a doctrine is the fact that its enunciation has been followed by a miracle.<mask>'s positions were adopted by the rationalising section of dissenters; but in the long run his strong assertions of the fixity of natural law overcame his argument for miracles. The subject proposed the wilderness account of Christ's temptation by the Devil was a prophetic vision, rather than an actual event. Works
<mask> published:

 The Duty of Thanksgiving, &c. 1746, (a sermon, 9 October, on the battle of Culloden). Inquiry into the Nature and Design of our Lord's Temptation in the Wilderness (1761). This went through three editions in <mask>'s lifetime; the fourth (1805) was edited by Jeremiah Joyce; a fifth appeared in 1822. John Mason of Cheshunt claimed <mask>'s theory as


texts:
 his own, but <mask> showed (in his 2nd edit. 1764) a radical distinction between them.Dissertation on the Miracles (1771); 2nd edit. 1804, edited by Joyce; 3rd edit. 1810. A German translation appeared at Berlin, 1777. An Examination of the late Mr. Le Moine's Treatise on Miracles, 1772 (occasioned by a series of attacks in the London Magazine, charging him with plagiarising from Abraham Le Moine). Essay on the Demoniacs of the New Testament (1775); 2nd edit.1779; 3rd edit. 1805, edited by Joyce, with the Inquiry; 4th edit. (called the third), 1818. A German translation appeared at Berlin, 1776.
 Letters to the Rev. Dr. Worthington, &c., 1778 (reply to 'An Impartial Inquiry into the case of the Gospel Demoniacs,’ 1777, by Richard Worthington, M.D.). The General Prevalence of the Worship of Human Spirits in the ancient Heathen Nations (1783). Posthumously (with the 'Memoirs,’ 1804) were printed:

 'A Reply' to John Fell, on the General Prevalence; and
 nine extracts from 'An Essay on the Case of Balaam,’ from a transcript made by Michael Dodson.<mask>'s will instructed his executors, on pain of losing their legacies, to burn all his manuscripts; he had nearly completed a volume on the demonology of the ancients. He supplied Samuel Palmer with some details of <mask> for the Nonconformist's Memorial (1775). Six of his letters to Isaac Toms of Hadleigh, Suffolk, are printed with the 'Memoirs.' References

Attribution

1714 births
1787 deaths
English

masks:
Farmer
Farmer
Hugh Owen


texts:
<mask> "Nugget" <mask> (24 February 1906 – 29 October 1997) was an Australian economist and public servant. He is best known for having been the first Governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia, in which capacity he served from 1960 to 1968. Early years
<mask> was born in Kalamunda, Western Australia, one of six children of a country railway stationmaster and a well-read mother. <mask>'s political and economic views were formed by the Great Depression, which hit Australia in 1929 and caused a complete economic collapse in a country totally dependent on commodity exports for its prosperity. As a student in Perth, he was a socialist, but while he was studying at the London School of Economics, he became converted to the economic views of John Maynard Keynes. He spent the rest of his career pursuing Keynesian solutions to Australia's economic problems. He never sought public office nor joined a political party, but he sought to exercise political influence as an administrator and advisor.He won a scholarship to Perth Modern School. After five years there, he worked as a pupil-teacher for a year before spending two years at the Teachers' College. He then spent two years teaching at country schools, during which he studied for a Bachelor of Arts degree in the University of Western Australia (UWA), then the only free university in Australia. Transferring to a metropolitan school for the final two years, he graduated B.A. with first-class honours in economics and won a Hackett Studentship for overseas study. That was deferred for a year, enabling him to graduate M.A., also from UWA, and to marry fellow teacher Mary Alice ('Lallie') Ross at the end of 1931. As a student at UWA, <mask>s was elected as the 1930 Sports Council president and subsequently the 1931 president of the Guild of Undergraduates.He then proceeded to the London School of Economics, where he studied under <mask>, one of the most influential Marxists of the 20th

masks:
Herbert Cole
Coombs
Coombs
Coombs
Coomb
Harold Laski


texts:
 century. In 1933, he was awarded a PhD for a thesis on central banking. In 1934, he returned to a teaching position in Perth and combined it with part-time lecturing in economics at UWA. Public service
In 1934, <mask>s returned to Australia, and in 1935, he became an economist at the Commonwealth Bank of Australia, then a state-owned bank that served as Australia's central bank. In 1939, he shifted to the Department of the Treasury in Canberra as a senior economist. He became known as a Keynesian rebel against the classical economics theory that had dominated the Treasury, under the influence of the Melbourne University school of economists, led by L. F. Giblin and <mask>. The Australian Labor Party under John Curtin came to power in 1941, and <mask>s found himself in a political environment much more supportive of his views.<mask>in appointed him to the Commonwealth Bank board in October 1941. In 1942, the Treasurer, <mask>, appointed him Director of Rationing, and in 1943 made him Director-General of the Department of Post-war Reconstruction, a new ministry that <mask>y held in addition to the Treasury. <mask> played a leading role in the preparation of the White Paper on Full Employment in Australia which, for the first time, committed the government to maintaining full employment from the post-WWII years. <mask>y, a former train driver, had no training in economics and came to rely heavily on <mask>'s advice. <mask>'s closeness to <mask>y and the greatly expanded role of government in the economy during World War II made him one of the most powerful public servants in Australian history. His influence further expanded when <mask>y became prime minister in 1945. In January 1949, <mask>y appointed <mask> as governor of the Commonwealth Bank, the most important post in the regulation of the Australian economy.When the Liberal Party came to power in December of that year, however, <mask>'s demise seemed likely, but the new

masks:
Coomb
Douglas Copland
Coomb
Curt
Ben Chifley
Chifle
Coombs
Chifle
Coombs
Coombs
Chifle
Chifle
Chifle
Coombs
Coombs


texts:
 prime minister, Robert Menzies, kept him on and soon came to trust his judgement. Menzies was a moderate Keynesian, and there were few policy differences between the two men, especially since Australia soon embarked on a long postwar boom, and hardly any tough economic decisions needed to be made. In 1960, when the Reserve Bank of Australia was created to take over the Commonwealth Bank's central banking functions, <mask> was appointed governor of the Reserve Bank. At the time, he paid tribute to Sir Leslie Melville by advising the government and others that the best man for the job had been overlooked. He retired as a public servant in 1968. Later life
<mask> continued to work following his retirement. He had already signalled his interest in the arts by becoming the first chairman of the Australian Elizabethan Theatre Trust in 1954 (named in honour of Elizabeth II, not because it promoted Elizabethan theatre).In 1967, he persuaded Prime Minister <mask> to create the Australian Council for the Arts (the non-statutory predecessor to the Australia Council) as a body for the public funding of the arts, and in 1968, he became its chairman. He worked closely with Prime Minister John Gorton to secure funding for an Australian film industry. He also became chancellor of the Australian National University (1968–1976), which he had helped found in 1946. He delivered the 1970 Buntine Oration, titled "Human Values – Education in the Changing Australian Society." <mask>'s most important post-retirement role was as a supporter of the Australian Aboriginal people. In 1967, he became chairman of the Council for Aboriginal Affairs, set up by the <mask> Government in the wake of the referendum that gave the Commonwealth Parliament power to legislate specifically for the Aboriginal people. He was, however, disappointed that the Gorton and McMahon Governments took up few of the Council's recommendations.He became a close advisor to the Labor

masks:
Coombs
Coombs
Harold Holt
Coombs
Holt


texts: leader Gough Whitlam in the years before Whitlam became prime minister in 1972, and he largely wrote Labor's policy on Aboriginal affairs, particularly the commitment to Aboriginal land rights. In 1972, he was named Australian of the Year. From 1972 to 1975, <mask>s served as a consultant to Prime Minister Whitlam, but his influence was resented by other ministers. He found the experience of the first Labor government since 1949 disappointing. He disapproved of the events that led up to the Loans Affair of 1975 and the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis, which led to the dismissal of Whitlam's government by the Governor-General, Sir John Kerr. He advised Whitlam not to resort to unorthodox means of financing government operations when the Senate blocked supply, but Whitlam did so anyway. Although he regarded the dismissal as scandalous, his estrangement from Whitlam meant that he took little subsequent part in politics.In 1975, he was chairman of a Royal Commission on Australian Government Administration, which was tasked with examining the purpose, functions, organisation and management of Australian Government bodies and the structure and management of the Australian Public Service. Nevertheless, the Royal Commission report was largely ignored by the incoming Liberal government of Malcolm Fraser. In 1976, <mask> resigned all his posts and became a visiting fellow at the Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies at the Australian National University, where he developed a new interest in environmental issues. However, Aboriginal affairs remained his greatest passion and, in 1979, he launched the Aboriginal Treaty Committee, calling for a formal treaty between Australia and the Aboriginal people. The idea gained much public support but neither the Fraser government nor its successor, <mask>'s Labor government, took it up. From 1977 to 1979, <mask> was the president of the Australian Conservation Foundation. <mask>s

masks:
Coomb
Coombs
Bob Hawke
Coombs
Coomb


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 deplored the breakdown of the postwar Keynesian economic consensus represented by Thatcherism, and in his 1990 book The Return of Scarcity he proposed a Common Wealth Estate to ensure a more equitable distribution of wealth.He suffered a disabling stroke in late-1995 and died in Sydney in 1997. During the <mask> government administration, the "<mask>s legacy" in Aboriginal affairs came under increasing criticism. Journalist Piers Akerman argued that <mask>s's policy amounted to "politically correct apartheid", and that the communal land ownership implicit in Aboriginal land rights was keeping Aboriginal people poor and dependent on welfare by preventing the private ownership of land. Relationship with Judith Wright
In a June 2009 article in The Monthly, journalist <mask> revealed the story of the 25-year secret love affair between two of Australia's most well-known and well-loved public figures, "the famous poet-cum-activist" Judith Wright and "the distinguished yet down-to-earth statesman" 'Nugget' <mask>s. Recognition
<mask> was appointed a Companion of the Order of Australia in the first awards of the Order on the Queen's Birthday in 1975. However, he resigned from the Order in 1976 upon the introduction of the grade of knighthood to the Order. In January 2008, it was announced that a new suburb in the Canberra district of Molonglo would be named Coombs.References

Further reading

1906 births
1997 deaths
Alumni of the London School of Economics
Australian economists
Australian public servants
Australian royal commissioners
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science
Fellows of the Australian Academy of the Humanities
People educated at Perth Modern School
University of Western Australia alumni
People from Perth, Western Australia
Former Companions of the Order of Australia
20th-century economists
Chancellors of the Australian National University
20th-century Australian public servants
Governors of the Reserve Bank of

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Howard
Coomb
Coomb
Fiona Capp
Coomb
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<mask> (September 2, 1882 – April 6, 1966), professionally known as H<mask>, was a major general in the United States Army. He was awarded a Distinguished Service Medal with one oak leaf cluster, and received awards from Italy, Brazil, and England. He is the only person in American military history to command both an air force wing and an army division. Biography
<mask> was born on September 2, 1882, at Fort Stanton, New Mexico. His father, Captain <mask> (1843–1887),  died in March 1887. He was raised by his mother, <mask>. In 1909, while serving as a military aide in Washington, D.C., <mask> met Sadie DeRussy Murray, 20-year-old daughter of Brigadier General Arthur Murray, the Chief of Coast Artillery, at her debut.In October 1913, while  stationed in California, the couple became engaged and married on February 7, 1914. They remained wedded until her death in October 1963. <mask> is the third generation of his family to serve in the United States Armed Forces. His father, Captain <mask> <mask>, was a member of the 13th Infantry. In 1862, his father became a lieutenant in the New York Volunteers during the American Civil War. His grandfather was Colonel <mask> <mask> (1814–1884), West Point Class of 1837, who had been cited for gallantry during the Mexican–American War. Colonel <mask> served 42 years in the Army.Career
<mask> spent most of his career as an officer and pilot in the Army antecedents of the United States Air Force. In 1930, he was appointed Assistant Chief of the United States Army Air Corps. In 1935, he became a wing commander at the General Headquarters Air Force, and also served as Chief of Air Corps. Cavalry service
On August 1, 1900, <mask> enrolled at the United

masks:
Henry Conger Pratt
. Conger Pratt
Conger Pratt
Henry Clitz Pratt
Elizabeth Van Vlick Conger
Pratt
Pratt
Henry Clitz
Pratt
Henry Clay
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texts: States Military Academy, entering the Corps of Cadets. He graduated on June 15, 1904, 57th in a class of 124. On July 11, 1904, he was appointed a second lieutenant in Troop E, 4th Cavalry, by War Department General Order  121. He entered active duty on September 15.After a month at Fort Leavenworth, he began duty at the Presidio of San Francisco. He trained for a two-year tour of duty in Malabang, which started in September 1905. At the end of his overseas service in 1907, his troop transferred to Fort Snelling, Minnesota. In April 1909, <mask> was appointed aide-de-camp to President William Howard Taft. He also served concurrent duty as assistant to the Officer-in-charge, Public Buildings and Grounds. In March 1911, he began temporary duty at the Southern Department at Fort Sam Houston. He served five months as an aide to Major General William Harding Carter, who had organized the Army into the Maneuver Division as a demonstration of force to revolutionaries in Mexico.On March 30, 1911, <mask> was promoted to first lieutenant, filling a vacancy in the 9th Cavalry. In August, he returned to Washington and finished his capital tour in December 1911. He was then assigned as aide-de-camp to Major General Arthur Murray, while awaiting transfer to San Francisco. In March 1912, <mask> accompanied Murray to command the Army at Presidio. On December 16, 1912, <mask> was transferred to the 1st Cavalry, which was posted at the Presidio. He performed troop duties across California from 1913 to 1914. This included six months at the regiment's camp in Yosemite National Park in 1913.He spent 1915 as Murray's aide until the general's retirement in December. From there, <mask> reported to San

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 Antonio, Texas, in January 1916 as aide to Brigadier General George Bell, Jr. He accompanied Bell's headquarters to the El Paso District in support of the Punitive Expedition against Pancho Villa in Mexico. There he was promoted to captain, 1st Cavalry, on July 1. In October he was assigned as assistant adjutant of the district. On January 31, 1917, <mask> left El Paso to rejoin his original regiment. He arrived at the 4th Cavalry, at Schofield Barracks, Hawaii, in March.When United States entered World War I in April, he received temporary promotion to major. In August, he secured another commission as temporary major, this one in the Signal Corps, and assignment to the Aviation Section. He left Hawaii in the first week of October 1917. World War I and Air Service
<mask> transferred into the Aviation Section during wartime expansion, and assigned training duties. He reported to Kelly Field on October 14, and a month later became the post adjutant at Call Field, a newly opened training field at Wichita Falls, Texas. His three months at Call Field prepared him to be the first base commander of Brooks Field near San Antonio. <mask> was promoted to temporary lieutenant colonel within a few days of taking command in February 1918.During this time he was an administrator, not a flier. In Europe, the Air Service of the Army Expeditionary Force (AEF) organized and began combat operations, and <mask> was promoted to colonel (temporary, Signal Corps) at the end of August. He completed pilot training, receiving a rating of Junior Military Aviator on September 12, 1918. This would qualify him for aviation command. Within ten days, <mask> was on duty at the Division of Military Aeronautics


texts: (DMA) in Washington, D.C. He was sent to Europe at the end of the first week of October, when the Meuse Argonne Offensive was underway. He participated in staff operations of the American Expeditionary Force.By the time of his arrival, the final push had begun that resulted in an armistice with Germany on November 11. <mask> returned to the United States and the DMA, assigned to the Board of Organization on December 2. In January 1919, with demobilization underway, he became base commander of Kelly Field. On March 9, 1919, President Woodrow Wilson issued an executive order formally consolidating all military aviation functions under the Director of Air Service, Major General Charles Menoher, and <mask> was assigned to his staff on March 17 to help organize and implement a "divisional staff" system along the lines of that used by the AEF. As acting Third Assistant Executive, he supervised the Operations and Training Group until April, when General Billy Mitchell took over. In August 1919, Congress extended the existence of the Air Service for another year, while it determined its role during peacetime. All of <mask>'s wartime promotions expired by September 8, returning him to his established rank of captain.He entered the course of study for junior officers at the General Staff School in Washington, D.C. on September 1. By the date of his graduation, June 29, 1920, Congress passed the National Defense Act of 1920. This made the Air Service a statutory combatant arm of the line, enabling <mask> to transfer to that branch. On July 1, 1920, he was promoted to major. He was then transferred to the Air Service on August 6. He served in the Office of the Chief of Air Service until July

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 13, 1920, when he again became post commander at Kelly Field. On September 25, <mask> moved up to Air Officer, Eighth Corps Area, located at Fort Sam Houston, until April 26, 1921.During that period his pilot rating was changed to 'Airplane Pilot'. In spring 1921, <mask> began more than three years of continuous professional military education. By June, he completed the student officer course at the Air Service Bombardment School at Kelly by the 2nd Group. In September, he entered the courses of the General Service Schools at Fort Leavenworth: the School of the Line in 1921–22, and the Regular Course of the General Staff School in 1922–23. <mask> completed the line course as a distinguished graduate. Between August 15, 1923, and June 30, 1924, he successfully completed the course of study at the Army War College in Washington, D.C.

On June 30, 1924, <mask> was assigned to the Operations and Plans Group in the Office of the Director of Air Service. He would serve there for four years.Air Corps

On July 1, 1926, the Air Service was renamed the Air Corps by act of Congress, but little changed in the service. <mask>'s position continued, now under the Chief of Air Corps. On June 5, 1928, <mask> was assigned command of Mitchel Field, New York, and promoted to lieutenant colonel, Air Corps. The Army's annual maneuvers were held in Ohio in the last two weeks of May 1929. <mask> was assigned to command the aviation of the "Blue" force near Dayton. He established his headquarters at the Fairfield Air Depot and dispersed his 82 airplanes at several airports in the vicinity. During maneuvers, his bombardment and attack forces made several simulated air raids on "Red" force airfields in the

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texts: vicinity of Columbus and Newark, Ohio, while his pursuit aircraft defended against Red force attacks, culminating in a large mock air battle over Cincinnati at the end of the first week.The maneuvers concluded with a live ordnance demonstration that <mask> orchestrated on the portion of the depot reservation that is now the main runway of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. In July 1929, <mask> was transferred to Fort Shafter, to assume the duties of Air Officer for the Hawaiian Department. This overseas tour was cut short in July 1930 by the retirement of Brig. Gen. William E. Gillmore, one of the three Assistant Chiefs of Air Corps. Gillmore's retirement left a vacancy for Chief of the Air Corps Materiel Division, and President Herbert Hoover named <mask> to fill the position. <mask> became a brigadier general and took charge of the division on August 1, 1930, at its Wright Field headquarters. One of the key decisions of <mask>'s tenure was to advise the Boeing Aircraft Company in 1932 that the design and production specifications of its proposed Boeing 247 airliner were developments of the Air Corps' B-9 monoplane bomber and therefore classified information, and that the Air Corps would block export of the airliner if Boeing responded to interest expressed by the Empire of Japan.His term as Assistant Chief of Air Corps expired July 16, 1934, and he returned to his permanent rank of lieutenant colonel with temporary duty in the Office of the Chief of Air Corps. <mask> was given command of the 2nd Wing at Langley Field, Virginia, after the War Department activated the General Headquarters (GHQ) Air Force on March 2, 1935. In December 1935, the GHQ Air Force conducted a major exercise

masks: Pratt Pratt Pratt Pratt Pratt Pratt


texts: under field conditions in which 55 of its best bombardment and attack aircraft simulated air raids on Miami, Florida, defended by 55 Boeing P-26 fighters based at Miami Municipal Airport under <mask>'s direction. The interceptors succeeded in defeating the first simulated attack on December 3, launching 36 fighters just four minutes after 18 bombers were observed over Hollywood, Florida, theoretically wiping out the bomber force. In the week of operations that followed, the attackers succeeded in reaching their targets only when the bombers and attack aircraft approached simultaneously from different directions, or when the attacking bomber force split to use similar tactics. September 1935, politically embattled Chief of Air Corps Benjamin Foulois decided to retire in December "for the good of the service" and took his terminal leave. The Roosevelt administration scrutinized senior Air Corps officers for a replacement, and looked at <mask> as one of its two main candidates."He [<mask>] has greater mental ability than others on the list," noted Secretary of War George Dern to Roosevelt, "but it is possible that he is not as cooperative as Westover." Oscar Westover was eventually selected to become the Chief of Air Corps. <mask> received his permanent promotion to colonel on August 1, 1936. On January 16, 1937, the Senate approved a promotion list to permanent brigadier general that included <mask> and, among others, George C. Marshall, with date of rank from January 1. <mask> became commandant of the Air Corps Tactical School (ACTS) and ex officio president of the Air Corps Board at Maxwell Field, Alabama, on March 14, his last assignment as a member of the Air Corps. 1938 to


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 retirement
<mask> was the first member of the Air Corps to achieve the permanent grade of brigadier general. He completed his assignment as commandant of ACTS on August 6, 1938.There were no vacancies in the Air Corps for a general officer, so he returned to Washington. In 1938, <mask> served as commandant of the Air Corps Tactical School. During the pre-war years of 1935–1940, <mask> commanded both an air force wing and an army division. After becoming a general officer, <mask> was assigned non-aviation commands including ground forces commands. During World War II <mask> did not serve as a general in the Army Air Forces but as commander of service and defense commands in the Western Hemisphere. October 24, 1938, he arrived in Manila to take command of the 23rd Infantry Brigade at Fort William McKinley. The 23rd Brigade was the Philippine Scouts component of the division, consisting of the 45th and 57th Infantry Regiments.It served tactical responsibility for the defense of the Lingayen area on Luzon. <mask> served as  interim commander of the Philippine Division twice:  from July 25, 1939, to November 1939, when Major General Walter S. Grant was advanced to command of the Philippine Department; and from May 31, 1940, to the end of his own tour on November 6, 1940, replacing Major General George Grunert. These two terms makes <mask> the only person to command both a U.S. Air Force wing and an army division. Prior to his return to the United States, <mask> was promoted to temporary major general. This permanent rank was granted on March 1, 1941. His next assignment was field command of the II Corps, from December 26, 1940, to the following August 21. He was headquartered in the

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texts: Pennsylvania Railroad Building in Wilmington, Delaware.During his time as commander, both the 28th and 29th Infantry Divisions were inducted into Federal Service as part of II Corps, on February 17 and February 3, 1941, respectively. August 1941, <mask> moved to Baltimore to command the Third Corps Area, which had become a service command headquarters in 1940. He was serving there when the United States entered World War II on December 7, 1941. In January 1942, <mask> took command of the Trinidad Base Command at Fort Read. He had been chosen upon the recommendation of Lt. General Frank M. Andrews, former commander of GHQ Air Force who was then commanding the Caribbean Defense Command. In November 1943, he returned to the United States for duty with the Third Service Command. In January 1944 he commanded the Southern Defense Command.His last command was of the Western Defense Command in October 1944, where he was serving as commanding general. He issued the revocation order of December 17, 1944, rescinding the order for Japanese American internment. At the end of the war he was assigned to the Office of the Chief of Staff. <mask> retired on September 1, 1946, after serving 42 years. He ended his career with ratings of Senior Pilot, Combat Observer, and Technical Observer. He receive a Bronze Oak Leaf Cluster, in lieu of a second Army Distinguished Service Medal. <mask> had been recognized as a Knight of the Order of the Crown of Italy, Grand Officer of the Order of the Liberator (Venezuela) and the Order of the Southern Cross (Brazil), Commander of the Order of Merit, Juan Pablo Duarte (Dominican Republic), and Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE).He was carried


texts:
 on the retired list of the United States Air Force in the rank of major general. Awards and decorations
SOURCES - U.S. decorations: Biographical Data on Air Force General Officers, 1917–1952, Volume II – L through Z; Foreign decorations: Cullum's Biographical Register, Volume 9

Notes
Footnotes

Citations

References
 ("Cullum's Biographical Register")
 Cullum's Biographical Register Vol. 5 1900-1910
Cullum's Biographical Register Vol. 6 1910-1920
 Cullum's Biographical Register Vol. 7 1920-1930
 Cullum's Biographical Register Vol. 8 1930-1940
 Cullum's Biographical Register Vol. 9 1940-1950

Craven, Wesley Frank, and Cate, James Lea, editors (1983).The Army Air Forces In World War II, Air Force Historical Studies Office,  (Vol. 1)

Head, William (1995). Every Inch a Soldier: Augustine Warner Robins and the Building of US Airpower. Texas A&M University Press. Heitman, Francis B. (2012), Dictionary of the United States Army, from its organization, September 29, 1789, to March 2, 1903. Genealogical Publishing Company.Maurer, Maurer (1987). Aviation in the U.S. Army, 1919–1939, Office of Air Force History, Washington, D.C.
Rice, Rondall Ravon (2004). The Politics of Air Power: From Confrontation to Cooperation in Army Aviation Civil-Military Relations, University of Nebraska Press. External links
Arlington National Cemetery gravesite: <mask> <mask>, Major General, United States Air Force
USAF Biography

People from Lincoln County, New Mexico
United States Army generals
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
United States Army personnel of World War I
United States Army personnel of World War II
United States Military Academy alumni
1966 deaths
1882 births
Burials

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Henry Conger
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<mask> (/ˈzaɪ.ənts/ ZY-ənts; Polish: [ˈzajɔnt͡s]; November 23, 1923 – December 3, 2008) was a Polish-born American social psychologist who is known for his decades of work on a wide range of social and cognitive processes. One of his most important contributions to social psychology is the mere-exposure effect. Zajonc also conducted research in the areas of social facilitation, and theories of emotion, such as the affective neuroscience hypothesis. He also made contributions to comparative psychology. He argued that studying the social behavior of humans alongside the behavior of other species, is essential to our understanding of the general laws of social behavior. An example of his viewpoint is his work with cockroaches that demonstrated social facilitation, evidence that this phenomenon is displayed regardless of species. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Zajonc as the 35th most cited psychologist of the 20th century.He died of pancreatic cancer on December 3, 2008 in Palo Alto, California. Biography

Early life
<mask>, born in Łódź, Poland on November 23, 1923, was the only child of the family. In 1939, before the Nazi invasion of Poland reached Łódź, his family fled to Warsaw. During their short stay, the building they were living in was hit by an air raid. Both of Zajonc's parents were killed, and he was seriously injured. The rest of his time in Warsaw was dedicated to studying at an underground university in Warsaw until he was sent to a German labor camp. He escaped from the work camp, got recaptured, and then sent to a political prison in France.After escaping for the second time, he joined the French Resistance, continuing his studies at the University of Paris. In 1944, he moved

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Robert Bolesław Zajonc
Zajonc


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 to England where he became a translator for the American forces during their European Campaign. Career
After the end of World War II, he immigrated to the United States, where he applied for undergraduate admission at the University of Michigan. Under probation, he was accepted. In 1955, he received his Ph.D. from the University of Michigan, where he was a professor there for nearly four decades, until 1994. During his time there, he held the positions of Director for the Research Center of Group Dynamics in the 1980s and Director of the Institute for Social Research in the 1990s. He then became Professor Emeritus of Psychology at Stanford University.Personal life and death
<mask>'s first marriage, to Donna Benson, ended in divorce. He had three sons with Benson: Peter, Michael, and Joseph Zajonc. He spent the rest of his life with his second wife, Hazel Rose Markus, a social psychologist at Stanford, known for her contributions to cultural psychology. Zajonc had one child with Markus, a daughter named Krysia. He died in Stanford, California from pancreatic cancer on December 3, 2008, at the age of 85. Contributions

Mere-exposure effect

One of Zajonc's contributions to psychology is the demonstration of the mere-exposure effect. The exposure effect demonstrates a phenomenon by which people show a preference towards an object simply because they are familiar with it.He focused on processes involved in social behavior, with an emphasis on the relationship between affect, or emotion, and cognition. <mask> claims that this phenomenon exists across cultures, species, and different stimulation. One experiment he did with fertilized chicken eggs and rats provides evidence for the mere-exposure effect. He also proposes that

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 the mere-exposure effect proceeds unconsciously through a subliminal channel. Social facilitation
Another contribution that Zajonc made to psychology was through demonstrating social facilitation. Social facilitation is the improvement of performance around the presence of others. <mask> was able to provide support for social facilitation through a variety of experiments.In one experiment he sought to see if individuals would change their decisions depending on the presence of an audience. He found that in the presence of an audience, the dominant preference would be enhanced. In another experiment on social facilitation, <mask>c gave participants associations to 184 words alone and in the presence of an audience. Half of the participants worked alone, then with an audience, and vice versa. Zajonc found that participants were effected by the presence of an audience, and fewer unique responses were given when with an audience. The audience acts as a general drive energizer, in the presence of an audience there would be an increased probability of the dominant response. Preferences need no inferences
In 1980, a speculative and widely debated paper entitled "Feeling and Thinking: Preferences Need No Inferences," invited in honor of his receipt of the 1979 Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award from the American Psychological Association, made the argument that affective and cognitive systems are largely independent, and that affect is more powerful and comes first.This paper stimulated a great deal of interest in affect in psychology, and was one of a number of influences that brought the study of emotion and affective processes back into the forefront of American and European psychology. The nature of affective

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 judgments can be perceived as independent of, and precede in time of, the perceptual and cognitive operations often thought of as constituting the basis of these affecting judgments. His proposals were presented to be contrary to the widely considered belief in most contemporary psychology theories that affective judgment is post-cognitive. The partial autonomy of the systems underlying cognition and affect were observed in his findings reflecting that the presence of recognition memory is not always necessary for the production of reliable affective judgments. However, it was described that these systems are not entirely independent of each other either and do affect one another in several ways, and simultaneously, contribute separate conserves of effects to the processing of information. Convergence in spouses appearance

Zajonc was interested in studying whether after staying together for a long time, couples display similarities in their physical features. He explored this by conducting a study where he collected pictures of married couples on the day they were married and then one from 25 years later.He then compared these two pictures to test for physical similarities. The results indicated that there were physical similarities between facial features of the couples after living together for 25 years. They also found that couples with more facial similarities indicated that they were happier and had greater marital success. <mask> and his colleagues gave the following four explanations for this phenomenon. (a) Diet, husbands and wives eat the same type of food, hence the fat consumed is similar and this might lead to similar facial features. (b) Regional similarities, married couples usually live in the same region,


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 hence experience similar weather conditions which might lead to facial similarities. (c) People marry individuals who look like them or will eventually look like them.(d) The theory of emotional efference (Waynbaum, 1907), one of the implications of this theory is that the similarity in facial features could be attributed to the feeling of empathy. When you are being empathetic towards someone you unknowingly mimic their expression which then leads you to feel similar emotions. So the involvement of facial motor muscles in empathy might result in similar facial features among people who have lived together for a long period of time. These findings, according to Zajonc, tell us that social contact with others might have an effect on our facial features. Affective neuroscience hypothesis
The affective neuroscience hypothesis posits that hedonic mood was linked to the temperature of the brain. This relationship was moderated by venous blood changes, which fluctuated according to changes in the function of the hypothalamus. <mask> hypothesized that venous blood from the brain was moderated by facial expressions.In turn the blood drained from the brain into the sinus cavities, before flowing into the veins of the body. The heat from the blood of the cavernous sinus is able to influence the temperature of the hypothalamus due to their close proximity. Happy facial expressions cooled the hypothalamus, causing a strengthening of positive emotions. Conversely, negative emotions were caused by the ability of the negative facial expressions to warm the hypothalamus. Zajonc studied this theory by having research participants pronounce vowel sounds that resulted in a facial expression that would result in cool blood and brain


texts:
 patters. <mask> and his colleagues found that participants assigned more positive evaluations of stimuli

This finding was also replicated in rats who had their hypothalamus experimentally cooled or warmed via a small probe. Hypothalamic cooling in rats
Zajonc was also interested in manipulation of hypothalamic temperature to see if the attractiveness to stimuli could be moderated by changes in cephalic blood temperature.He created two experiments to examine the attractiveness and pleasure of food in rats during hypothalamic cooling or hypothalamic eating. The first experiment screened for elicitation of feeding. There were 17 male rats with hypothalamic thermodes implanted at the anterior border of the medial hypothalamus as well as two chronic oral cannulae in order to permit taste reactivity testing. In the first experiment there was a screening procedure consisting of an initial habituation phase that lasted 10 days and a test phase that lasted 6 days,

A rat was placed once per day in a transparent chamber and its hypothalamic thermode was connected to the water flow and for a 10-minute period, the hypothalamic thermode was cooled by 2.5° in alternating On/Off bins of 15 sec each. Hypothalamic cooling was delivered on days 1,3, and 5 while a behavioral test was run on the second, fourth and sixth days. During hypothalamic cooling, many rats showed enhanced feeding. Zajonc also found that feeding was elicited during hypothalamic cooling but not heating or when the rat was left at its normal temperature.In his second experiment, which looked at hedonic and aversive reactions to taste, Zajonc connected the hypothalamic thermode of the 17 rats to water flow, and the rat's were connected to an infusion delivery tube. Rats


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 were infused with pure sucrose, a sucrose/quinine mixture, or distilled water, in random order through a 1-minute period, once per day. The thermode was then either cooled or heated by 2.5 °C for 0–20 seconds, then switched off for 20–60 seconds. Zajonc found that hedonic reactions to pure sucrose, sucrose / quinine mixture, or distilled water were not altered by hypothalamic cooling or heating. Confluence model
<mask>, along with Greg Markus, developed the Confluence Model (1975), which provided a mathematical model of the effect of birth order and family size on IQ scores quantifying the relationship between in-family dynamics variability and intellectual ability. In forming this quantitative value, the confluence forms an averages of the absolute intellectual capacities of the entire family environment. As families increase in size, the overall IQ of the family drops; children from larger families do have slightly lower IQs.The last child in the family is denied the opportunity to tutor younger children, and there is a slight "extra" detriment for being the youngest child in a family. These effects are theoretically important, but the size of the effects is fairly small (amounting to a range of about 3 IQ points), thus, birth order is not an absolute determining factor for IQ although its influence is apparent. The capacity to which IQ is birth-order dependent was challenged by Wichman, Rodgers, and MacCallum (2006) whom claim that the observed differences were a product of between-family differences instead. Zajonc argued that this perceived conclusion as based on them incorrectly treating birth-order effects to parallel a linear relationship, in addition to shortcomings in the methods they progressed such as


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 implementing the use of unfocused tests causing significantly significant trends to remain unrecognized. A study by Bjerkedal et al. (in press) offers support to the with-in family nature of the phenomena through its own findings showing that increasing birth rank paralleled a decline in IQ in a sample of 127,902 Norwegian same-family siblings. Sensory interaction on non-human animals

Zajonc wanted to test the sensory interaction hypothesis, that a stimulus response not only depends on the intensity but also depends on other aspects of the condition.For this, <mask> conducted an experiment where he studied two male white carneaux pigeons. The pigeons were trained to distinguish between two tones. They were required to peck the left key for loud noise and the right key for soft noise. Every correct response was awarded with food to the pigeons. After each trial, there was a blackout followed by a light which indicated start of another trial. Zajonc found that the sensory interaction hypothesis does hold true, the pigeons not only used the intensity of the tone but also used the presentation of light while making a response. Awards
<mask> was the winner of the 1975 AAAS Prize for Behavioral Science Research.<mask> won the award for the Distinguished Scientific Contribution on September 2, 1979 at the meeting of the American Psychological Association. His Award address, published in American Psychologist as work on "Feeling and Thinking: Preferences Need No Inferences," was highly influential in re-focusing interest on affective processes in psychology. Further reading
This is a partial bibliography of <mask>'s works in English. 1965. Social facilitation. Science, 149, 269–274. 1966.Social facilitation of dominant and

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 subordinate responses. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2(2), 160–168. 1968. Attitudinal effects of mere exposure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9(2, Pt. 2), 1–27. 1975.Birth Order and Intellectual Development, with G. Markus. Psychological Review, 82, 74–88. 1980. Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences. American Psychologist, 35(2), 151–175. 1980. The Confluence Model: Parameter Estimation for Six Divergent Data Sets on Family Factors and Intelligence.INTELLIGENCE, 4, 349–361. 1982. Affective and cognitive-factors in preferences, with H. Markus. Journal of Consumer Research, 9(2), 123–131. 1983. Validating the Confluence Model. Psychological Bulletin, 93(3), 457–480.1984. On the primacy of affect. American Psychologist, 39(2), 117–123. 1993. The confluence model: Differential or difference equation European Journal of Social Psychology, 23, 211–215. See also

Audience effect ("in subjects ranging from cockroaches to humans")
Facial feedback hypothesis

References

1923 births
Social psychologists
2008 deaths
American psychologists
20th-century psychologists
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Deaths from cancer in California
University of Michigan alumni
University of Michigan faculty
Polish emigrants to the United States
People from Łódź
American people of Polish


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<mask> is an American author,  blogger, public speaker, and charity founder. In 2011, he published Two Kisses for Maddy: A Memoir of Loss and Love, which was a  New York Times best seller. His blog, Matt, Liz and Madeline: Life and Death, All in a 27-Hour Period, received over 40,000 hits per day at its height in 2008. Both the blog and the memoir document his grief and sudden single parenthood following the unexpected death of his wife, <mask>, 27 hours after the birth of the couple's first child. A screen adaptation of the memoir starring Kevin Hart and presented by the Obamas premiered on Netflix in 2021. In 2009, Logelin established The Liz Logelin Foundation, a non-profit organization providing financial grants to families with children who have lost a parent. In 2018, he was featured on an episode of the podcast Reply All, where the hosts attempted to help him take down viral ads featuring misrepresentations about his and his wife's story.Background
<mask> was born to Sara and Tom Logelin and raised in Minnetonka, Minnesota. He has three younger brothers. He and Elizabeth 'Liz' Goodman met at an area gas station when both were high school seniors. After high school, the two maintained a long-distance relationship while she attended Scripps College in California, and he studied Sociology at St. John's University in their native Minnesota. After graduation, their long-distance dating continued as Logelin pursued a master's degree at Loyola University Chicago. In 2002, rather than continuing on to a PhD in the subject, Logelin opted to move to California to begin life with his high school sweetheart, whom he married on August 13, 2005. Two years later, the Logelins were thrilled to learn they were expecting their first child, but the pregnancy was difficult, and Liz was admitted to the hospital for bed rest.Following 3 weeks of hospital bedrest, Liz gave birth to a daughter - Madeline Elizabeth Logelin -  on March 24, 2008 via an emergency caesarean section. The baby was born healthy although 7 weeks premature. The following afternoon, Liz died suddenly and

masks:
Matthew Logelin
Liz Logelin
Matt Logelin


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 unexpectedly  of a pulmonary embolism. Before his wife's death, Logelin spent many years working as a Project Manager for Yahoo!, often traveling to India as head of their outsourcing program. He quit his job in 2009 to write Two Kisses for Maddy, a memoir about his experience. Matt, Liz, and Madeline: Life and Death, All in a 27 Hour Period

Logelin had begun a blog many years before his wife's death. At one time titled simply Matt Logelin.com, it was originally a place to document his photography as they traveled the world together, one of their great hobbies as a couple, as well as amusing experiences at his job.The blog later became a source of information for family and friends once his wife was admitted to the hospital for closer monitoring during her seventh month of pregnancy. After her death, he kept blogging as an outlet for his grief and a way to document his journey as an unexpected single father to a premature infant. As news of his wife's death spread, Logelin found himself and his blog thrust into the national spotlight. His experience was profiled in People Magazine, on the daytime shows of Rachael Ray and Oprah Winfrey, and in Minneapolis and Los Angeles-area newspapers. The sudden influx of blog readers who had learned of the tragedy through these media outlets led to Logelin receiving 20-30 packages a day from total strangers. He received formula coupons, diapers, clothing and gifts for his daughter, as well as gift certificates, books, and even beer for himself. His blog comments filled with words of advice and encouragement, his blog building up to tens of thousands of page views per day as he detailed his life with his daughter and reminisced about the nearly 13 years he spent with his wife."In many ways, it's a love letter to Madeline and to Liz," he said of the blog in 2009, which still receives 15,000 hits a day. Two Kisses for Maddy

In 2009, Logelin left his job at Yahoo! and moved to India for two months with his daughter, where he began writing a memoir about his experience. India and its surrounding areas were a place of great


texts: significance for both him and his late wife – he had proposed in Kathmandu, Nepal, on the steps of a temple in Durbar Square, and the two had traveled through India together during one of his foreign work assignments, a year after they were married. It was during that trip that they visited the Taj Mahal and, upon hearing the story of how the monument came to be built, his wife turned to him with tears in her eyes and declared, "You would never do something like this for me." The memory impacted Logelin so deeply that it prompted him to write his memoir. "Figuratively speaking, [the book] is my Taj Mahal to her," he explained in 2009."I'm doing what I can to bring that legacy back for her." Two Kisses for Maddy: A Memoir of Loss and Love details his courtship and marriage, as well as the moments surrounding his wife's death and the first year of his daughter's life without her mother. "Selfishly, I want her to know her mom through this," he has said. The memoir was edited by Amanda Englander of Grand Central Publishing, and published by GCP in April 2011, reaching #24 on the New York Times Best Seller List and #11 on the eBook list. An audio book read by Logelin was released as well. In April 2012, a paperback version with an added chapter, additional photographs, and a reading group guide was made available. Following its publication, Logelin was asked to appear as the keynote speaker for the Gaithersburg Book Festival in Maryland, as well as the Vascular Disease Foundation's annual meeting.He spoke on a panel with such writers as Dan Fante and Emma Forrest at the 2011 West Hollywood Book Fair, as well as at his late wife's alma mater, Scripps College, during a nationwide book tour. He has written an original article for the Huffington Post and has received extensive media coverage since publication, including appearing on Fox and Friends, BBC Outlook, Minneapolis' Kare 11, multiple radio shows, and in Los Angeles Magazine. The book was adapted into the film Fatherhood starring Kevin Hart as a version of Matt. The film premiered on Netflix on June 18, 2021. The Liz


texts:
 Logelin Foundation
In 2009, a group of early blog readers planned a 5K Walk/Run in honor of Logelin's late wife, who was a runner. The event brought in over $4,000, and while it was intended to go to Logelin and his daughter, he instead donated the money to other widowed families he had met through his blog. This inspired him to establish The Liz Logelin Foundation, in honor of his wife.As of 2010, the foundation had given out $20,000 to grieving families and has been featured on numerous media outlets, including CBS This Morning. Each year, on the weekend closest to <mask>'s birthday, the foundation holds a Celebration of Hope gala, with live and silent auctions. A Walk, Run, Hope 5K, to benefit the organization, is also held annually. <mask> donates a portion of his book sales - 7%, his late wife's lucky number - to the foundation. Work with widowed individuals
<mask> has worked extensively with people who have lost a partner. In 2011, he was one of the presenters at Camp Widow, a weekend learning retreat for those who have lost a spouse, leading a workshop on revisiting places that held significance in the relationship, just as he had experienced during his short-term move to India. He also spoke to the National Conference on Widowhood in 2009, as well as appeared on Voice of America's Healing the Grieving Heart radio show.He has guest-posted not only as a widower, but as a single parent, on a variety of blogs, including Glamour Magazine. As Logelin lost his wife so shortly after childbirth, he is also frequently cited in news stories regarding the rising national maternal mortality rate, and has been interviewed by Amnesty International, in hopes of raising awareness of postpartum complications. See also
The Liz Logelin Foundation

References

External links
 Matt, Liz, and Madeline
 The Liz Logelin Foundation
 Two Kisses for Maddy

1977 births
Living people
American bloggers
21st-century American male writers
People from Minnetonka, Minnesota
Writers from Minnesota
College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University alumni
Loyola University Chicago

masks:
Liz Logelin
Matt Logelin
Matt Logelin


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<mask> (; born February 22, 1929) is an American actor, producer and director. He has worked in numerous productions in American media since the 1950s, portraying a variety of East Asian roles. With more than 650 film and television credits as of 2021, he is one of the most prolific English-speaking actors of all time. He became known to audiences through starring in the detective series The New Adventures of Charlie Chan (1957–1958), and through frequent appearances on many television shows including the original Hawaii Five-O (1969–1974), Bonanza (1960), Perry Mason (1962–1963), The Man from U.N.C.L.E. (1965–1966), I Spy (1965–1967), and Kung Fu (1972–1975). He has appeared in numerous films, in both comedic and dramatic roles, including Kahn the butler in Chinatown (1974) and its sequel The Two Jakes (1990), Hannibal Chew in Blade Runner (1982), David Lo Pan in Big Trouble in Little China (1986), Jeff Wong in Wayne's World 2 (1993), <mask> in Balls of Fury (2007), and Jerry Chen in R.I.P.D. (2013).As a voice actor, <mask> voiced Chi-Fu in Mulan (1998), Daolon Wong on the animated television series Jackie Chan Adventures (2002–2004) and Mr. Ping in the Kung Fu Panda media franchise, in addition to several video game roles including Sleeping Dogs and Call of Duty: Black Ops II (both 2012). <mask> also voiced several characters in Avatar: The Last Airbender. In 2021, <mask> voiced Zong Shi in Trollhunters: Rise of the Titans. Earlier in his career, <mask> co-founded East West Players, the first Asian American theatre organization and the longest continuously running theatre of color in the United States, to increase Asian American representation in the industry. He is set to receive a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the American film and television industries. Early life and education
<mask> was born on

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James Hong
Master Hong
Hong
Hong
Hong
Hong
Hong


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 February 22, 1929, in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to Chinese emigrant parents Ng Fok <mask> (aka Frank W<mask>) and Lee Shui Fa. His father emigrated from Hong Kong to Chicago, Illinois, via Canada, where he owned a restaurant.<mask>'s paternal grandfather was from Taishan. For his early education, <mask> moved to Hong Kong, where he lived in Kowloon, before returning to the United States at the age of 10. He graduated from Minneapolis Central High School. He first developed an interest in performing arts after watching Peking opera performers rehearse at his father's shop. He studied civil engineering at the University of Southern California, where he concentrated the majority of his free time on moving plates and fixing templates for the drill squad. <mask> later became interested in acting and trained with Jeff Corey. <mask> was a road engineer in Los Angeles County for seven and a half years, acting during his vacations and sick days.He eventually quit engineering for good to devote himself to acting and voice work full-time. Military service
<mask> served in the United States Army at Fort McClellan and Camp Rucker with the Special Services. After finishing his training for the day, he would entertain soldiers during the Korean War; upon witnessing <mask>'s performing prowess, the camp general asked <mask> to stay at Camp Rucker and be in charge of the camp's live shows rather than deploy overseas. <mask> reflected on this experience and how it may have saved his life:

Career
<mask> has played over 600 television and film roles. His career in show business began in the 1950s when he redubbed soundtracks of several Asian films. He dubbed the voices of characters Ogata (Akira Takarada) and Dr. Serizawa (Akihiko Hirata) in the 1956 film Godzilla, King of the Monsters!, as well as the title character in The Human Vapor. In February 1954,

masks:
Hong
. Hong
Hong
Hong
Hong
Hong
Hong
Hong
Hong
Hong
Hong


texts: <mask> appeared on the radio and television game show You Bet Your Life with Groucho Marx.In this appearance, he did a number of impersonations including one of Groucho himself. <mask> and his partner won $140 in the quiz. They contested the major prize of $2000 but did not win. In 1956, <mask> was cast as Jimmy Ling in the episode "Red Tentacles" of the Western aviation adventure series Sky King, starring Kirby Grant. He also guest-starred in the NBC Western series The Californians. In 1957–1958, he was cast as the "Number One Son", Barry Chan, in the British-American series The New Adventures of Charlie Chan starring J. Carrol Naish as Charlie Chan. In an interview on CBS Sunday Morning, <mask> revealed that Naish had him fired from the series for missing only one line.The role of the Number One Son was played by Keye Luke in the predecessor films. However, Keye Luke's character was known as Lee Chan. In 1959, he appeared as a prince on an episode of Walt Disney's ABC series, Zorro. He was thereafter cast as Chung Lind in the 1960 episode "East of Danger" in the David Janssen NBC crime drama series Richard Diamond, Private Detective. From 1960 to 1962, he appeared four times on the ABC/Warner Brothers crime drama Hawaiian Eye, twice each on the ABC series Hong Kong and Adventures in Paradise, and once on ABC's related series, The Islanders. In 1962, he appeared on CBS's Perry Mason as Dean Chang in "The Case of the Weary Watchdog". On September 23, 1963, <mask> hit the prime time slot playing spy Wen Lee in, "The Hundred Days of the Dragon", the second episode of ABC's "The Outer Limits" first season.That year <mask> also played Louis Kew in "The Case of the Floating Stones". He also appeared three times on the NBC military sitcom, Ensign O'Toole. In 1964, he appeared in an episode of Kentucky Jones. In 1965, <mask> was one of the

masks: Hong Hong Hong Hong Hong Hong Hong


texts: original founding members of the East West Players, an early Asian American theatre organization. Also in 1966, he played the bar owner Mr. Shu in The Sand Pebbles. <mask> also appeared in several episodes of the original Hawaii Five-O. <mask> had a small part on a 1972 episode of CBS's The Bob Newhart Show.He was a frequent guest star on the 1972–1975 ABC television series Kung Fu, joined the cast on the final season of CBS's Switch, as Wang, and also played a flight attendant in the original 1979 film In 1975 he played restaurant owner Mr. Wong on Gomer Pyle USMC, the episode was entitled, "You Bet Your Won Ton. The In-Laws. He appeared as a doctor accused of performing an illegal abortion in the Blake Edwards movie The Carey Treatment in 1972. He starred as a uniformed man in the 1980 comedy cult film Airplane! He has also directed such films as Teen Lust. <mask> is perhaps most widely known as the immortal ghost sorcerer Lo Pan in John Carpenter's cult classic Big Trouble in Little China (1986), as the eye manufacturer Chew in Blade Runner, as Evelyn Mulwray's loyal and vigilant butler in Chinatown and The Two Jakes, and as the low-rent private eye in Black Widow. He would then appear in the film The Vineyard (1989).<mask>'s first appearance as a host in a Chinese restaurant was in the movie Flower Drum Song. <mask> then appeared as a host in a Chinese restaurant in the 1975 All In the Family episode "Edith Breaks Out" as well as on the well-known Seinfeld episode "The Chinese Restaurant". <mask> also played a similar role in several episodes of The Big Bang Theory during its first season, as well as in the "Color Blind" episode during the first season of Alias. <mask> portrayed Chow Ting, a dry cleaner with the power to wash sins and guilt from a person's conscience in the 1985 Tales from the Darkside episode "It All Comes Out in


texts: the Wash". <mask> appeared as a villain in a season three episode of The X-Files. He appeared in two episodes of The West Wing (Ep. 1.11; 3.15) as the Chinese Ambassador to the United States.He also played Mr. Soo on The King of Queens, an Asian restaurant owner again who rents Doug Heffernan and his friends a loft apartment above his store, in the episode "Apartment Complex" (2006). Additionally, <mask> had guest-starred on Friends, playing Hoshi, the former paid assassin and boxing coach for Monica's boyfriend Pete (played by Jon Favreau) in the episode "The One with the Ultimate Fighting Champion". <mask> played Jeff Wong, Cassandra Wong's martial arts expert father, in the comedy sequel Wayne's World 2, and was featured as the head of the Scarred Foot society in the pilot for The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr. (1993). In 1994, he, his wife Susan and daughter April appeared as a family riding mountain bikes beneath the Hollywood sign in the mountain-bike travel-adventure documentary, Full Cycle: A World Odyssey. He had a small role in the independent film Broken Vessels (1998). He played the role of Mr. Takato in the movie Chasing Zoey, the final episode of Zoey 101. His character taught Michael Barret how to operate a manual transmission, and it was revealed at the end of the episode that he did not exist.<mask> also voiced the character Daolon Wong, an evil wizard in the Jackie Chan Adventures television series, and was the voice of Chi-Fu in Disney's Mulan, A.N.T. Farm, Mandarin in Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go!, and Professor Chang in Teen Titans. He made a cameo appearance on the television series Las Vegas as a presumed cheating monk. <mask> also lent his voice to the Cartoon Network animation Chowder as Mung Daal's mentor in the "Won-Ton Bombs" episode. In 2006, <mask> voiced the character Mayor Tong in Avatar: The

masks: Hong Hong Hong Hong Hong Hong


texts: Last Airbender in the second season's episode titled "Avatar Day" in addition to his previous role as Monk Tashi in the first-season episode "The Storm" in 2005. In 2006, he also voiced the character of the High Lama in the film Chill Out, Scooby-Doo! <mask>'s voice also appeared as Colonel Zhou Peng in the video game Mercenaries: Playground of Destruction, Dr. Chang in Def Jam Icon (2007), Ancient Wu in True Crime: Streets of LA, and reprising his role as Chew in the Blade Runner video game.His most recent appearances were in the films Balls of Fury and The Day the Earth Stood Still. In 2008, he voiced Mr. Ping in Kung Fu Panda, the adoptive father of Po and was nominated for an Annie Award for his performance; he later reprised the role on Kung Fu Panda Holiday Special and won an Annie Award for Voice Acting in a Television Production. Furthermore, he and Lucy Liu have been collaborated in the feature film series and in the television series adaptation, Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness. After the release of the third film he stated that he hoped to continue in the role, though due to his advanced age he wanted the filmmakers to start work on it quickly. In 2015, <mask> voiced Azmorigan on Star Wars Rebels as well as the Sugi arms dealer Endente in an unfinished four-part story arc of Star Wars: The Clone Wars; the rough animatics for the entire arc have been published on the official Star Wars website. He appeared in the film Safe (2012). He also provides the voices for the jeweler NPC Covetous Shen in Diablo III, Master Bruised Paw in World of Warcraft: Mists of Pandaria, Bucky (for two episodes) from the television series Archer, and Uncle Po in Sleeping Dogs.In 2013, he appeared as Ogisan, the gift shop keeper from the Incredible Crew sketch "Magical Video Game Controller" alongside Jeremy Shada and Shauna Case. He also

masks: Hong Hong


texts:
 appeared in the film R.I.P.D. (2013). <mask> guest-starred in a 2015 episode of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. as the father of Melinda May, played by Ming-Na Wen, with whom he co-starred in Mulan. In 2018, it was announced that he was producing a feature screenplay about a grandfather and his estranged granddaughter who realize, through an unexpected adventure that pushes them into another world, that family relationships are the key to survival. Later it was revealed that the film's title is Patsy Lee & the Keepers of the 5 Kingdoms, directed by Zack Ward, starring Michelle Fang.Currently, <mask> is in production for A24 film Everything Everywhere All at Once. Also, he is set to voice Grandpa Wing in the streaming television series Gremlins: Secrets of the Mogwai who is currently in pre-production. Personal life

<mask> lives in Los Angeles, California, with his wife Susan Tong whom he married in 1977. They have a daughter, April (born 1978). <mask> is a Presbyterian; he attended the Westminister Presbyterian Church with his family as a child in Minneapolis. There was an effort to get <mask> a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, started by fellow actor Daniel Dae Kim on GoFundMe in 2020. As a member of the 2022 Walk of Fame Honorees, he received a star alongside actors Carrie Fisher and Michael B. Jordan.Filmography

References

Sources

External links

1929 births
Living people
American civil engineers
American male actors of Chinese descent
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male video game actors
American male voice actors
American people of Hong Kong descent
American people of Chinese descent
American Presbyterians
Annie Award winners
Central High School (Minneapolis, Minnesota) alumni
Chinatown, Los Angeles
Los Angeles County Department of Public Works
Male actors from Minneapolis
USC Viterbi School

masks:
Hong
James Hong
Hong
Hong
Hong


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<mask> (July 5, 1889 - February 23, 1944) was an American architect active throughout 1910s-1930s. He was centered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, but his work can be seen in different locations throughout Wisconsin such as Whitefish Bay, Waukesha, Shorewood, and Fond du Lac. His designs made use of Art Deco and Art Moderne, which was popular during the time. Biography
<mask> was born in Chicago, Illinois in July 1889, the second child to Martin and Barbara (née Kregness) Tullgren. During 1894, <mask> caught the gold rush fever, and left Chicago with his family to become a prospector in Black Hills, South Dakota. Later, he would work as a superintendent of the mines for the Storm Cloud Mining Company in Arizona. The family lived in Maple Gulch on Crown King road, about 11 miles southeast of Prescott, Yavatapi Territory, Arizona, and used a mule as a means of transportation.By the end of the <mask>'s time in Arizona, Martin worked at Homestake Mining Company building and assisting in timbering, and supporting of galleries. In 1900, the family moved back to Chicago, where Martin, along with Chicagoan partner Archibald “Archie” Hood, set up their own practice, Hood & Tullgren. The pair received contracts from people/companies such as Chief Justice Fuller, Montgomery Ward & Co., and other leading firms in Chicago. By 1902, they had moved their business, and Martin's family including <mask>, to Milwaukee. <mask>, under Hood & Tullgren, began his architectural training with his father, which proved to be the only formal architectural education he would receive. In 1907, <mask> left Milwaukee to attend Staunton Military Academy in Staunton,

masks:
Herbert Wallace Tullgren
Tullgren
Martin Tullgren
Tullgren
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert


texts: Virginia. However, he only spent a year there.Afterwards, he began work as a draftsman with his father's partnership, Hood & Tullgren. By 1909, the partnership had dissolved, and Martin began a new practice, Martin Tullgren & Sons, with both sons, Sven Minard and <mask>. <mask> only took a short break from 1917 to 1919, when he joined the Wisconsin State Guard as a Captain-Adjutant.Under Martin, the firm had built buildings such as the Downer Theater, Astor on the Lake, and Hotel Retlaw. However, by 1922 Martin, who had been ill for several months, died at the age of 64, leaving <mask> to take charge of the office. This included design, office practice, and supervision. Thus making him president of the firm by 1926 to 1936, before the business dissolved. During the 1920s, <mask> also started other companies alongside the family firm.In 1923, he founded the Terra Company, a real estate company, along with Minard as president, and carpenter Emil Grossmann as vice president. Then sometime in 1927 or 1928, he founded Herbert W & S. Minard Tullgren, Inc., another real estate company. This put <mask> as president, and Minard as vice president. However, in 1928 after Minard's death, Pansy, Minard's widow, became vice president of Herbert W & S. Minard Tullgren, Inc. While <mask> remained president of that company, he became the treasurer of Terra Co., and Emil Grossmann became president. By the 1930s, <mask> was a well established architect having built multiple office buildings, apartments, hotels, theaters, and even schools. In the early 1930s, <mask> shifted his sights more on building affordable middle to working class urban

masks: Herbert Herbert Herbert Herbert Herbert Herbert Herbert Herbert


texts: housing.He even patented, Patent No. 1896734, the duplex (two-story) apartment design, in 1933 after finishing the Viking Apartments in 1931. <mask> was sure of the economic and functional advantages. The Viking Apartments proved this by setting a record for Occupancy During Hard Times at 92%, when the national average for apartment was only about 60%. The Viking Apartments are also shown to be the only architecture that the Fylgia Corporation, a company formed in 1931 with C.E. Look and Elmer A Johnson with <mask> as president, had built. Confident in the benefits of duplex apartments, <mask> published a pamphlet in 1937,The Tullgren Plan for City Housing, to further describe the social and economic benefits.The floor plans included a living room, dining room, and a kitchen on one floor, and sleeping quarters and a bathroom on the floor above. Public corridors were not required on the sleeping quarters floor, and thus creating more space. In fact, it would create 15% more space, oppose to a conventional single floor apartment. By cutting down corridor space that would have needed to be furnished, equipped, heated, lit, and cleaned it would save 20%  in maintenance cost. Since sleeping quarters were adjoined with the other sleeping quarters, it would create minimum sound from the other parts of the apartments. Overall, the project would cut construction cost by at least 15%, and still provide liquidating income, and profit owners. Along with this pamphlet was a description of the Tullgren Plan Residence Apartment.The plan was seven apartment buildings within the same area. Each apartment was placed so each family would receive

masks: Herbert Herbert Herbert


texts: maximum sunlight and air. The buildings would’ve also occupied 22% less land, creating more open space around each building. More space meant more things to do with the landscaping. <mask>'s plan for the outside included a sunken garden cour, pool, flower garden, shaded lawn, and promenade. There would have also been a playground area for small children between the buildings, and facilities for  larger children. The playground would’ve included the usual playground equipment like swings, sand pits, shallow wading pools,  and a camp-fire space.With the open space between buildings, it also allotted space for laundry drying yards. <mask> saw the possibilities to do the project in a plot of 206,965 square feet, offering maximum housing at a minimum cost. <mask>'s ideal was with careful planning and some government assistance would amount to a great deal of affordable housing at a reasonable profit. This mindset helped <mask> become an associated architect on the Parklawn Public Housing Project during the mid-1930s. Parklawn was endorsed by the administration of Daniel Hoan, Mayor of Milwaukee. It included the Allied Architects of Milwaukee, an association of Milwaukee's finest architects, which included Gerrit J de Gelleke, Peter Brust, A.C. Eschweiler, <mask>, R.A. Messner, and <mask>. The project took the vacant spot at Hope Avenue between Sherman Boulevard and North 47th street.This area was selected because it didn't involve a condemnation of any private property. Parklawn included 64 fireproof buildings with 518 units of 3, 4, or 5 room rentals. To this day, Parklawn is still owned and leased by the Housing Authority of the City

masks:
Tullgren
Tullgren
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert Tullgren
Phelps Wyman


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 of Milwaukee. By 1938, <mask> published his own magazine that was oversaw by his company, and at his own expense called Architecture and Design. The magazine was a showcase of not only Tullgren's office, but the contractors he worked with. Architecture and Design was aimed to promote their work in hopes of gaining more business. However, <mask>'s last documented building in Milwaukee was built in 1937, the Badger Mutual Insurance Company building.Shortly thereafter, in 1944, <mask> died at the age of 54 from heart disease. He left behind a son, <mask><mask>, two daughters, Mary and Allison, and his wife Eloise A., who would take over the last of his business concerns. Architecture Design/Style

The consistent architectural style under Hood & Tullgren was Neoclassical, a design that would be rarely seen in <mask>'s own work later on. When Martin, <mask>'s father, started his own business, the style changed to Revival, Tudor Revival and Georgian. By the time, <mask> was head of the company, the style changed to <mask>'s trademark style, Art Deco and Art Moderne. This occurred around 1928, when <mask> wanted to embrace modernity that was happening in the urban areas of America after 1925. With this he often incorporated terra cotta ornamentation.Something else that was emphasized in <mask>'s work was the detail through contrast, especially during the 1930s. <mask> designed apartments with the ideal to help relieve the growing housing crisis during the 1930s. He emphasized affordability for both tenants and owners. Since during the mid-1930s, Americans had felt that free market became incapable of supplying adequate affordable housing

masks:
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert A
. Tullgren
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert