texts: 2015 has already raised an additional P149.5 billion in incremental revenues from excise taxes on the consumption of tobacco and alcohol products, which are then poured into the Aquino administration's universal health care program. As of 2015, the national Philippine government's deficit was contained to a healthy 0.9% of GDP, while tax effort as a percentage of GDP rose from 12.1% in 2010 to 13.7%, achieved through revenue administration reforms and tougher enforcement. <mask> also oversaw a vast expansion of fiscal space, growing government revenues by 75% in 5 years from P1.208 trillion to P2.109 trillion, enabling the education budget of the government to double within the period. The health budget was also tripled, resulting to improvements in health facilities and the expansion of national health insurance coverage to 93.5 of 100 million Filipinos, up from only 47.1 million Filipinos in 2010. The Philippines also hit its infrastructure spending goal matched at 5% of GDP as of 2016, up by more than 4 times since 2010.The social services budget, used to fund the country's successful conditional cash transfer (CCT) program named the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps), has within 5 years shot up by 9 times to cover what is now 4.62 million households. Purisima helped President Aquino achieve a strong fiscal position for the Philippines by cracking down on corruption, plugging revenue leakages, and strengthening tax administration and enforcement capabilities. The Revenue Integrity Protection Service (RIPS), housed within the Department of Finance, has focused on weeding out corrupt agents among the ranks of revenue generating agencies. Since inception in 2003 until end-2015, RIPS has charged a total of 271 personalities, 158 of which came from 2010 to 2015 alone. Successful resolutions of RIPS cases tallied up to 103, 78 of which came from 2010 to 2015 alone. Since 2010, the Run After Tax Evaders (RATE) campaign of the Bureau of Internal Revenue has filed 435 cases as of 5 February 2016, with total estimated tax liabilities of at least P73 billion. The Run After The


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texts: Smugglers (RATS) program of the Bureau of Customs meanwhile, has filed 210 cases worth P57 billion in dutiable value since 2010.<mask> also advocated for greater transparency in the extractives industry, believing that increased accuracy between government and company-reported revenues would empower the public to better understand how extractives are contributing back to the local communities where they operate. On 24 February 2016, the global Extractives Industry Transparency Initiative (EITI) awarded the Philippines during its conference in Lima, Peru for having exemplified how EITI reports can maximize impact, translating data collected into real governance reforms on the ground. Towards the end of his tenure, <mask> sought to ensure a smooth transition process at the Department of Finance, welcoming his successor former Secretary of Agriculture and of Environment & Natural Resources Carlos G. Dominguez III. In institutionalizing an efficient turnover, Purisima simplified the agency's body of issuances by repealing 3,771 of its 4,323 outdated or incoherent department orders and collapsing 273 outdated committees from its 356 internal and interagency groups. Purisima also turned over a manual of key information and an economic data bank, as well as renovated the 5th and 6th floors of the agency's headquarters for the incoming Secretary's perusal. <mask> and Dominguez both had their teams working closely for a whole month coordinating an orderly transition for the latter to hit the ground running on day one. As Finance Secretary, he is a member of the Monetary Board of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, the Governor for the Philippines in the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Governor for the Philippines at the World Bank, and Alternate Governor for the Philippines at the International Monetary Fund.He is also ex-officio Chairman of the Land Bank of the Philippines, the Philippine Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Philippine Export-Import Credit Agency, the National Power Corporation, the Home Guaranty Corporation, the National Transmission Corporation, and the Power Sector Assets

masks: Purisima Purisima Purisima


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 and Liabilities Management Corporation. Chairmanships in international fora
In 2011–2012, <mask> served as Chairman of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Board of Governors, chairing the 45th Annual Meeting of the Board of Governors in May 2012, where the Philippines showed off its hosting chops to the international community, earning the ADB's praise. <mask> was also instrumental in the Philippine hosting of the 23rd World Economic Forum (WEF) on East Asia in 2014. In 2015, while the Philippines hosted the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) meetings, he served as the Chair of the APEC Finance Ministers’ Process (FMP) and shepherded the adoption of the Cebu Action Plan (CAP), the first ever roadmap under the FMP. The Cebu Action Plan is a four-pillar roadmap for a more sustainable financial future for the Asia-Pacific region. Its 4 pillars continue the progress towards the Bogor Goals of free and open trade and investment and consists of: (i) promoting financial integration; (ii) advancing fiscal reforms and transparency; (iii) enhancing financial resilience; and (iv) accelerating infrastructure development and financing. As of 2016, the Peru Chairmanship of the APEC Finance Ministers’ Process (FMP) is focusing on implementing the Cebu Action Plan.In 2015 he also served as Chair of the Vulnerable 20 Group of Finance Ministers under the Climate Vulnerable Forum, which the Philippines chaired that year. <mask> chaired the inaugural meeting of the V20 in Lima, Peru, announcing a series of actions to foster greater investment in climate resiliency and low emissions development both in their home countries and internationally. In its first statement, the group called the response to climate change a "foremost humanitarian priority," with the V20 committing to act collectively to "foster a significant increase" of public and private finance for climate action from wide-ranging sources, including international, regional and domestic mobilization. In the inaugural meeting <mask> chaired, all 20 members agreed to establish a sovereign V20 Climate Risk Pooling mechanism to distribute

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 economic and financial risks, enabling participating economies to improve recovery from climate-induced extreme weather events and disasters and to ensure enhanced security for jobs, livelihoods, businesses and investors. Modeled on similar regional facilities, the trans-regional mechanism would increase access to dependable and cost-efficient insurance while incentivizing scaled-up adaptation. V20 member countries also committed to develop or improve their financial accounting models and methodologies to enhance accounting of climate change costs, risks and response co-benefits in all their forms, while seeking a new international partnership to help realize the group's aims. Personal life
<mask> was born in Davao City to the late Associate Justice of the Supreme Court Fidel <mask> and Fevic Velasquez <mask>, and grew up in General Santos City before moving to Metro Manila.<mask> married Corazon "Corrie" de la Cruz in 2005. Together, they have two young children, a son and a daughter. <mask> and his wife are known breastfeeding advocates. Awards
<mask> was first recognized by London-based financial news source Emerging Markets as 2011 Finance Minister of the Year for Asia for his strong policy track record and steadfast commitment to maintaining economic stability. A year later, he was named 2012 Finance Minister of the Year by business and finance magazine Euromoney for his careful and successful stewardship of the Philippine economy whose growth stood against the challenging global macro-economic backdrop. He was once again the choice of Emerging Markets for 2013 Finance Minister of the Year for Asia for his success in steering an economic policy that has led to upgrades in the Philippines’ credit rating to investment grade. In the same year, he was cited by the international publication The Banker as 2013 Finance Minister of the Year for Asia Pacific for elevating the status of the Philippines in the international community.In 2015, he was awarded Finance Minister of the Year 2014 by FinanceAsia for his leadership in driving the comeback story of the country. In 2016, he was

masks: Purisima Purisima Purisima Purisima Purisima Purisima


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 given a repeat award by FinanceAsia — Finance Minister of the Year 2015 being his second consecutive recognition by the publication —marking the completion of the economic turnaround of the Philippines. In late 2016, he was given his 7th Finance Minister of the Year recognition by Global Markets (formerly Emerging Markets) more than 3 months after stepping down from his post. <mask>'s record of 7 consecutive awards is a first in the history of the Republic of the Philippines. <mask> was the Alumni Merit Awardee for the Kellogg Graduate School of Management in the 2014 Northwestern Alumni University Awards, making him the first Filipino awardee from Kellogg and among the first Filipinos to receive such a distinction from the university. The Republic of France conferred him the Chevalier de l’ Ordre National du Merite (Rank of Knight) in the economic domain in 2001 for bringing together France and the Philippines. He was named Fellow of the Eminent Southeast Asians Programme of the Singapore International Foundation in 2003.In the Philippines, he has been granted the highest awards in accountancy by the Professional Regulation Commission and the Philippine Institute of Certified Public Accountants. <mask> was conferred Doctor of Humanities, Honoris Causa, by the Angeles University. On 24 June 2016, <mask> was awarded the Order of Lakandula with the rank of Grand Cross (Bayani) by President Aquino for his contributions in driving the Philippine turnaround story. The Order of Lakandula is one of the highest civilian honors conferred by the President of the Republic of the Philippines. The honor is conferred "upon an individual who has devoted his life to the peaceful resolution of conflict; upon an individual whose life is worthy of emulation by the Filipino people." References

1960 births
Living people
People from General Santos
Secretaries of Finance of the Philippines
Secretaries of Trade and Industry of the Philippines
Kellogg School of Management alumni
Benigno Aquino III Administration cabinet members
Arroyo Administration cabinet members
De La Salle University


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<mask>,  (born 14 August 1968) is a professional golfer from Northern Ireland who currently plays on the PGA Tour Champions and has previously played on the European Tour and PGA Tour. He has won 21 tournaments worldwide on a number of golf's main tours including the European Tour, the PGA Tour, the Sunshine Tour and the Japan Golf Tour. His biggest victory came when he won the 2011 Open Championship at Royal St George's in England, his first major win after more than 20 years and 54 attempts. <mask> has also won two World Golf Championship events, most notably the 2000 WGC-Andersen Consulting Match Play Championship, when he defeated Tiger Woods in the final. <mask> was ranked in the top-10 of the Official World Golf Ranking for 43 weeks between 2000 and 2002. His highest finish on the European Tour money list is second, which he achieved in 1998, 2000 and 2003. <mask> is currently ranked as the seventh highest career money winner on the European Tour.<mask> has represented Ireland as both an amateur and as a professional, notably at the World Cup and Alfred Dunhill Cup, and was a member of five consecutive European Ryder Cup teams between 1997 and 2006. Amateur career
<mask> was born in Dungannon, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland, and in 1987 he played collegiate golf at Wake Forest University in the United States. He was a junior member of Dungannon Golf Club, whose junior section also included three others who are current PGA Golf Professionals: Alistair Cardwell, Barry Hamill and Gary Chambers. <mask> represented his school, Royal School Dungannon, together with Cardwell and Chambers. Professional career

1990–92: Early career
<mask> turned professional in 1990 and played his first full season on the European Tour in 1991. He contested in his first major championship at the 1991 Open Championship, making the cut before finishing in a tie for 64th place. In 1992 <mask> had a solid season on the European Tour, finishing 41st in overall Order of Merit, in doing so

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Darren Christopher Clarke
Clarke
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 achieving his highest finish of his career at the time with a second-place finish at the Honda Open.He finished three strokes behind champion Bernhard Langer. 1993–95: First European Tour win and steady progress
<mask>'s real breakthrough year was in 1993 when he won his maiden European Tour event and played his way to 8th position on the Order of Merit. After a relatively solid but unspectacular first half of the season, <mask>'s form improved greatly during the August–September stretch, achieving four top-10 finishes in four consecutive tournaments. In October 1993, <mask> won his maiden European Tour event at the Alfred Dunhill Open in Belgium. <mask> had the lead after 54 holes and held off the challenge of Englishman Nick Faldo and Vijay Singh, who shot a final-round 64. <mask> prevailed by two strokes. A month later <mask> nearly won his second title at the European Tour's season-ending Volvo Masters, however, he was pipped to the title by Colin Montgomerie who finished one stroke clear.Overall for the season <mask> made 24 out of 30 cuts and finished in the top-10 on seven occasions. The follow-up year in 1994 was another solid season for <mask> on the tour, making 17 of 21 cuts and finishing 37th on the Order of Merit list. <mask> also played in his first U.S. Open although he missed the cut and had his highest finish, at the time, in The Open Championship with a tie for 38th place. In 1995, <mask> had better success, with seven top-10s in 27 events, most notably at the Portuguese Open where he finished second after losing a sudden-death playoff to Adam Hunter on the first extra hole, despite having the joint 54-hole lead. <mask> ended the year 14th on the Order of Merit. 1996–1999: Four more European Tour wins and near miss at 1997 Open
In 1996, <mask> won his second European Tour title at the Linde German Masters by one stroke, shooting a final round 63 to finish 24 under par, one stroke ahead of Englishman Mike Davis. <mask> also recorded his best finish in a

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 major, at that current time, with a tie for 11th place at The Open Championship in 1996.He also equalled his best finish on the Order of Merit, placing in 8th for the season. In May 1997, <mask> finished second at the Volvo PGA Championship, two strokes behind Ian Woosnam. In July 1997, <mask> was in a position to win his first major championship at the 1997 Open Championship at Royal Troon. <mask> held the lead with American Jim Furyk after the first round and then pulled two strokes clear of the field after a 66 in the second round, but a third-round 71 put him two strokes behind leader Jesper Parnevik going into the final day. However, the winner was not to come from the final pairing, as Justin Leonard came storming through the pack with a 65 to beat both <mask> and Parnevik by three strokes. <mask> ended the season 4th on the Order of Merit. In 1998, <mask> made his first appearances at two of the biggest golf events worldwide.He missed the cut on his debut at The Players Championship, but his first visit to Augusta National Golf Club was much more successful, shooting 67–69 on the weekend to finish in a tie for 8th at the Masters Tournament. This remains his highest ever finish at the Masters to date. In May 1998, <mask> won his third career event on the European Tour at the Benson & Hedges International Open by three strokes from Santiago Luna. <mask> then had three more 2nd-place finishes during the season before winning the season-ending Volvo Masters in Spain. His two victories in 1998 helped him to finish in 2nd place on the final 1998 Order of Merit standings behind Colin Montgomerie. <mask> missed only one cut all year, at the Murphy's Irish Open. In 1999, <mask> captured his fifth European Tour win at the Compass Group English Open, finishing two strokes ahead of John Bickerton.He also achieved his highest ever placing at the U.S. Open this year when he finished tied for 10th place. 2000: WGC-Matchplay Championship win and further success
<mask>'s worldwide

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 breakthrough came in 2000 when he won his first World Golf Championship event, defeating Tiger Woods in the final 4&3 at the 2000 WGC-Andersen Consulting Match Play Championship at La Costa Resort and Spa. This was <mask>'s biggest victory of his career so far as he netted the $1 million first prize. <mask> had a difficult route through the championship but defeated a host of big name players: Paul Azinger, Mark O'Meara, Thomas Bjørn, Hal Sutton and David Duval before taking on Woods in the final. <mask>'s fine year in 2000 continued when he finished tied for second place in the Volvo PGA Championship and the following week he won his seventh European Tour event at the Compass Group English Open. <mask> also recorded his best finish at the PGA Championship with a tie for 9th place. He also had three 2nd-place finishes in the 2000 season, which included eleven top-10 finishes.He finished 2nd on the Order of Merit and it was his highest ever season in terms of prize money. <mask> earned over €2.7 million for the year. 2001–03: Continued success and second WGC win
The 2001 season saw <mask> finish one place lower on the Order of Merit in 3rd place, although he did manage some notable results on tour during this season. <mask> added to his list of European Tour wins at the Smurfit European Open, which he won by three strokes at The K Club. A couple of weeks later, <mask> produced another fine performance at The Open Championship at Royal Lytham & St Annes, finishing in a tie for 3rd place, four strokes behind the eventual winner David Duval. <mask> then had another notable 3rd-place finish at the WGC-NEC Invitational, earning in excess of €400,000. In 2002, <mask> played on both the European Tour and the PGA Tour.In the buildup to the Masters, <mask> played the Shell Houston Open and finished second behind runaway winner Vijay Singh. He then played on the European Tour in the summer and won his ninth career title at the Compass Group English Open, becoming the first man to


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 win the tournament three times. In the 2003 WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship, <mask> lost to Peter Lonard at the quarter-final stage. However, <mask> did not have to wait much longer for more WGC success though, when he won his second WGC event at the WGC-NEC Invitational at Firestone Country Club in Akron, Ohio. He finished four strokes ahead of Jonathan Kaye. <mask>'s run of success throughout 2001–2003 saw him miss only three cuts on the European Tour in three years and he finished 2nd on the European Order of Merit for the third time in his career. 2004: First winless season in seven years
<mask> continued his run of good form at the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship in 2004, when he finished third.He lost to Davis Love III in the semi-final on the 21st hole, but beat Stephen Leaney 2-up in the resulting 3rd place playoff match. <mask> also had a good finish at the WGC-American Express Championship, finishing in a tie for 4th place. Despite winning over $2 million in prize money, <mask> did not win an event during the 2004 season on either tour and this was the first time this had happened since 1997. 2005–2007: Loss of form and slump
<mask> played the 2005 season half and half between the European Tour and the PGA Tour. He enjoyed a solid season with many top-10 finishes, but he could not climb the final hurdle of winning an event. The highlights of his year were a 2nd-place finish at the Barclays Scottish Open in Europe and another 2nd place at the MCI Heritage in the United States. With <mask> playing much fewer tournaments on the European Tour he only finished 20th on the Order of Merit compared to his previous success in this category.In 2006, <mask> only managed to record four top-10 placings and finished the year 43rd on the Order of Merit. However, just six weeks after the death of his wife, Heather, he made a big contribution to Europe's Ryder Cup win in 2006 at The K Club in the Ireland. <mask> was one of Ian Woosnam's two wild card picks and he

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 earned three points on the way to victory for Europe, including a 3 & 2 win in his singles match against Zach Johnson. The 2007 season was the worst of <mask>'s professional career. He did not record any top-10 finishes. He withdrew from a number of events in the year and finished 143rd on the Order of Merit list. 2008: Return to form
<mask> ended his winless streak in April 2008 when he won the BMW Asian Open in an emotional victory after a birdie on the 72nd hole to see off Robert-Jan Derksen by one stroke.This was <mask>'s first win in almost five years and the 11th of his career. The win broke the shackles from the slump in form he went through in the previous years and his 12th victory was not far around the corner. <mask> won again in the Netherlands at the KLM Open finishing the tournament four shots ahead of Paul McGinley. <mask> ended his comeback year 13th in the Order of Merit Standings, however he missed out on a place in Nick Faldo's Ryder Cup team, the first time <mask> had done so in over 10 years. 2009–10: Consistent play
The 2009 and 2010 seasons were steady in progress for <mask> as he began to rebuild his form following the successful 2008 season. He only managed to record three top-10 finishes during the whole of 2009, most notably tying for 5th place in the defence of his KLM Open title in the Netherlands. <mask> finished 61st in the Race to Dubai Standings and missed out a place in the season ending finale narrowly by finishing outside the top 60.In 2010, however, he did make into the Dubai Finals after finishing 30th at the end of the year. He was aided by two second-place finishes throughout the season at the Joburg Open behind winner Charl Schwartzel and then at the Barclays Scottish Open ending up three strokes behind Edoardo Molinari. 2011: Open Championship victory
In 2011, <mask> won his first European Tour title since August 2008 with a three-stroke victory over Chris Wood and David Lynn in the Iberdrola Open. After finishing tied for third

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 in the 2001 Open Championship, <mask> did not make the top-10 of any major, until he won his first major championship at the 2011 Open at the age of 42 – his 20th attempt at winning the Claret Jug. <mask> dedicated his victory to his two children and late wife Heather, who lost her battle with breast cancer in 2006: "In terms of what's going through my heart, there's obviously somebody who is watching from up above there, and I know she'd be very proud of me. But I think she'd be more proud of my two boys and them at home watching more than anything else. It's been a long journey to get here".With <mask>'s triumph in The Open at Royal St George's, it was the first time since 1910 where one country (other than the United States) had different golfers win consecutive majors. Rory McIlroy, also of Northern Ireland, captured the 2011 U.S. Open title one month earlier at Congressional Country Club in Bethesda, Maryland. <mask>'s victory at the 2011 Open meant that he became the third major winner from Northern Ireland in 13 months, following Graeme McDowell's win in the 2010 U.S. Open and Rory McIlroy's victory in the 2011 U.S. Open, prompting McIlroy to quip that Northern Ireland was the 'Golf Capital of the World'. PGA Tour Champions
In November 2020, <mask> won the TimberTech Championship in Boca Raton, Florida for his first win on the PGA Tour Champions. It was his first worldwide, since he won The Open Championship in 2011. <mask> collected his second win at the Mitsubishi Electric Championship at Hualalai in Hawaii just 3 months later. In September 2021, <mask> won the Sanford International in a playoff over K. J. Choi and Steve Flesch.Ryder Cup and other team golf
<mask> has represented Ireland as both an amateur and as a professional, most notably at the World Cup and Alfred Dunhill Cup. He was a member of five consecutive European Ryder Cup teams in 1997, 1999, 2002, 2004 and 2006, winning on four occasions and was also appointed a non-playing vice captain by Colin

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 Montgomerie in 2010 and by Paul McGinley in 2014. <mask>'s most notable appearance at the Ryder Cup was in 2006, six weeks after the death of his wife Heather. Heather had loved the Ryder Cup and encouraged <mask> to compete in it, so he made himself available for selection. European captain Ian Woosnam chose <mask> as one of his two wild cards, and he contributed three points from three matches to Europe's victory, and was embraced by members of the European and U.S. teams after he finished the tournament. <mask> was named as the 2016 Ryder Cup captain on 18 February 2015. He was selected by a five-man selection panel consisting of the last three Ryder Cup captains: Paul McGinley, José María Olazábal, Colin Montgomerie, another ex-Ryder Cup player David Howell and the European Tour chief executive George O'Grady.Personal life
<mask>'s grandfather Ben played for Portadown, Sheffield United, Exeter City and Carlisle United and earned two amateur caps for the Ireland national football team (1882–1950) in 1934. His father Godfrey played for Glenavon. He met his wife Heather in a nightclub in Portrush, County Antrim, and they married in March 1996. The couple had two sons, Tyrone and Conor, and the family lived at Sunningdale, Berkshire, UK. In 2005 and 2006 he missed several tournaments to care for his wife, who had been diagnosed with both primary breast cancer in December 2001, then, in 2004, with secondary breast cancer. <mask> died on Sunday 13 August 2006 at 39 years of age, in the Royal Marsden Hospital, London. <mask>'s friend Paul McGinley immediately announced his own withdrawal from the PGA Championship starting in Medinah, Illinois.In a statement McGinley said, "Our two families are very much intertwined, obviously me and <mask>, but Heather and (McGinley's wife) Ali were the best of friends and our kids are in the same class at school. So it is a tough time for us all". Following <mask>'s performance at the 2006 Ryder Cup, six weeks after his wife had died, he

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 was the favourite to win the 2006 BBC Sports Personality of the Year award, but was runner-up to Zara Phillips. He had previously stated he did not want to win with a sympathy vote after his wife's death. <mask> and his sons moved back to Northern Ireland, making their home in Portrush. <mask> and former Miss Northern Ireland Alison Campbell married on 11 April 2012. On 6 April 2011, <mask> was photographed by Kevin Abosch for The Face of Ireland project.<mask> is a supporter of Liverpool F.C. <mask> was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2012 New Year Honours for services to golf. Amateur wins
1989 East of Ireland Championship
1990 Spanish International Amateur Championship, Irish Amateur Close Championship, South of Ireland Championship, North of Ireland Amateur Championship

Professional wins (25)

PGA Tour wins (3)

European Tour wins (14)

1Co-sanctioned by the Asian Tour

European Tour playoff record (0–1)

Japan Golf Tour wins (3)

Japan Golf Tour playoff record (0–1)

Sunshine Tour wins (1)

Sunshine Tour playoff record (0–1)

Challenge Tour wins (1)

Other wins (3)
1992 Ulster Professional Championship
1994 Smurfit Irish PGA Championship
2010 Lough Erne Challenge (with Rory McIlroy)

PGA Tour Champions wins (3)

PGA Tour Champions playoff record (1–0)

Major championships

Wins (1)

Results timeline
Results not in chronological order in 2020. CUT = missed the half way cut
"T" indicates a tie for a place
NT = No tournament due to COVID-19 pandemic

Summary

Most consecutive cuts made – 7 (2000 Masters – 2001 Open Championship)
Longest streak of top-10s – 2 (2000 Open Championship – 2000 PGA)

Results in The Players Championship

CUT = missed the halfway cut
WD = withdrew
"T" indicates a tie for a place

World Golf Championships

Wins (2)

Results timeline

1Cancelled due to 9/11

QF, R16, R32, R64 = Round in which player lost in match play
"T" = Tied
WD = Withdrew
NT = No tournament
Note that the HSBC Champions did not become a WGC

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<mask> is an American former professional boxer and mixed martial artist. She was the first to win the Women's WBO Super Bantamweight and IBA Super Bantamweight titles. Nicknamed "The Hurricane", she is also one of the quickest boxers ever to win a world title, having fought just five previous professional bouts before winning the IBA Super Bantamweight title. In mixed martial arts, <mask> competed for ONE Fighting Championship and Bellator MMA. <mask> retired from combat sports in March 2018. Boxing career

Early career

<mask> was born in San Francisco, California. Despite her father making her train in martial arts when she was little, she had no interest in boxing whatsoever.It was only while working as a bok-fu instructor, at the West Wind Martial Arts and Boxing School in Berkeley, California, that <mask> was introduced to boxing through a lecture session organized by her now trainer-manager, Angelo Reyes. Amateur career
<mask> made her amateur boxing debut in 2004, managing to win silver in the San Francisco Golden Gloves despite having officially trained for just two weeks. After delivering a good performance at the National Golden Gloves in 2005, <mask> would be taken under the wing of two-division world champion Carina Moreno and trainer Rick Noble, further improving her craft. By 2007, she was ranked second among all female amateur boxers in the US, and took  part in the unsuccessful campaign to include women's boxing in the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Professional career
At this point, <mask> decided to turn pro, and approached veteran trainer Freddie Roach. Impressing Roach with her work ethic — even sparring against male fighters — <mask>

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 eventually became part of Roach's large stable of boxers, alongside Filipino boxing legend Manny Pacquiao and former world champion Gerry Peñalosa. She was scheduled to make her pro debut against Hondi Hernandez on the undercard of the Pacquiao-Barrera rematch in October 2007, but her fight was canceled when Hernandez failed to make weight.<mask> instead fought and won against Rita Valentini a month later. This was followed by several other successful fights, culminating in her first title win against Kelsey “The Road Warrior” Jeffries on September 12, 2009 for the vacant International Boxing Association super bantamweight title in women's boxing. Now trained by Nonito Donaire Sr., father of boxer Nonito Donaire Jr., <mask> followed up that win by defeating Donna Biggers and becoming the first female World Boxing Organization Super Bantamweight champion on December 4, 2009. Her next fight was on March 27, 2010, against boxer Lisa Brown for the vacant World Boxing Association junior featherweight title. Mixed martial arts career

ONE Fighting Championship
<mask> signed a contract with ONE Fighting Championship to compete in women's mixed martial arts. She is a black belt in Bok Fu, an aggressive martial arts system that combines the Five Animals style of Kung Fu – Tiger, Crane, Panther, Snake, and Dragon – with Kenpo Karate and Shotokan. She is also a black belt in Taekwondo

<mask> made her debut at ONE FC: Rise of Heroes on May 2, 2014 against Aya-Saeid Saber.She was successful in her debut, winning the fight via TKO in the third round. On August 29, 2014, <mask> suffered her first loss to Ann Osman of Malaysia at ONE FC: Reign of Champions. On December

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 5, 2014, <mask> defeated Walaa Abbas of Egypt in ONE FC: Warrior's Way at the Mall of Asia Arena in the Philippines. <mask> improved her mixed martial arts record to 2–1. On December 11, 2015, <mask> lost to Irina Mazepa of Russia at ONE Championship: Spirit of Champions. It would be her last fight in ONE. Bellator MMA
In September 2017 it was announced <mask> was signed to Bellator MMA.<mask> faced Lisa Blaine at Bellator 185 on October 20, 2017. She lost the fight via split decision. <mask> faced Heather Hardy on February 16, 2018 at Bellator 194. She lost the fight via unanimous decision. She retired from mixed martial arts and combat sports the following month with an MMA record of 2–4. Achievements

Professional career
2009
WBO Super Bantamweight World Champion
IBA Super Bantamweight World Champion

Amateur Record
2007
Rank No. 2, United States Nationwide Rankings
Silver Medalist, United States Championship
Gold Medalist, San Francisco Championship
2006
Champion, National Diamond Belt
California State Champion
Champion, San Francisco Golden Gloves
Rank No, .5 Quarter-finalist, United States Championship
Silver Medalist, Nor Cal Championship
2005
Rank No. 6, United States Nationwide Rankings
Bronze Medalist, National Golden Gloves
Champion, San Francisco Diamond Belt
Best Fight of the Tournament and Quarter-finalist, National PAL Championships
Silver Medalist, San Francisco Golden Gloves
Quarter-finalist, United States Championship
Silver Medalist, Nor Cal Championship
2004
Silver Medalist, San Francisco Golden Gloves

Professional boxing record

| style="text-align:center;" colspan="8"|14 Wins (2 knockouts, 12 decisions),  4 Loss, 3 Draws
|-

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 style="text-align:center; background:#e3e3e3;"
|  style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Res. Accessed March 3, 2010. Promising Prospect: <mask> – 15Rounds.com. Accessed March 3, 2010. <mask> scores upset to win IBA title – Inquirer.net. Accessed March 3, 2010.<mask> – BoxRec.com. Accessed March 3, 2010. <mask> debuts as prof in Pacquiao-Barrera rematch – GMANews.TV. Accessed March 3, 2010. <mask> wins the WBO Women’s world title! - FightFan.com. Accessed March 3, 2010.<mask> awaits Donaire Sr.'s arrival – Philboxing.net. Accessed March 3, 2010. Year of birth missing (living people)
Date of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Sportspeople from San Francisco
American women boxers
American sportspeople of Filipino descent
Boxers from San Francisco
American female mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists from California
Mixed martial artists utilizing American Kenpo
Mixed martial artists utilizing Shotokan
Mixed martial artists utilizing taekwondo
Mixed martial artists utilizing boxing
Bantamweight mixed martial artists
American female karateka
American female taekwondo practitioners
American eskrimadors
American mixed martial artists of Filipino descent
Flyweight mixed martial artists
American people of Ilocano descent
21st-century American

masks:
Ana Julaton
Ana Julaton
Ana Julaton
Ana Julaton
Ana Julaton
Ana Julaton


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Sir <mask>  (25 November 1884 – 9 July 1968) was a British diplomat and civil servant. He was Permanent Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs from 1938 to 1946. His long tenure of the Permanent Secretary's office makes him one of the central figures of British policy before and during the Second World War. His diaries are a source of great value and give a sharp sense of the man and his life. Like most senior officials at the Foreign Office, he was bitterly critical of the appeasement policies of the 1930s but admitted that until British rearmament was better advanced, there were few other options. In particular, he stressed that without an American commitment to joint defence against Japan, Britain would be torn between the eastern and western spheres. Conflict with Germany would automatically expose Britain's Asian Empire to Japanese aggression.Background and education
<mask> was brought up in a distinguished and wealthy aristocratic family as the seventh son and youngest child of <mask>, 5th Earl <mask>, and his first wife Lady Beatrix Jane Craven, daughter of William Craven, 2nd Earl of Craven. He was the brother of <mask>, Viscount Chelsea, <mask>, 6th Earl <mask>, <mask>, and Sir Edward <mask>. He was educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford, where he read History. Early Foreign Service career
Cadogan had a distinguished career in the Diplomatic Service, serving from 1908 to 1950. His first posting was to Constantinople, where he "spent two happy years learning the craft of diplomacy and playing upon the head of Chancery a series of ingenious practical jokes." <mask>'s second posting was in Vienna, and during the First World War, he served in the Foreign Office in London. At the end of the First World War, he

masks:
Alexander Montagu George Cadogan
Cadogan
George Cadogan
Cadogan
Henry Cadogan
Gerald Cadogan
Cadogan
William Cadogan
Cadogan
Cadogan


texts: served at the Versailles Peace Conference.In 1923, he became the head of the League of Nations section of the Foreign Office and remained quite optimistic about the prospects for the League. He was less confident about the prospects of success for the Disarmament Conference in Geneva and became quite frustrated at the lack of trust necessary for joint disarmament. Performing this work, he developed an appreciation for his colleague and superior, Anthony Eden. Cadogan found him agreeable, and in a 1933 letter to his wife, he wrote, "He seems to me to have a very good idea of what is right and what is wrong, and if he thinks a thing is right he goes all out for it, hard, and if he thinks a thing is wrong, ten million wild hordes won't make him do it." Eden returned the admiration, writing that Cadogan "carried out his thankless task with a rare blend of intelligence, sensibility, and patience." In 1933, with Adolf Hitler in power and the fate of the Disarmament Conference clear, Cadogan accepted a posting at the British legation in Peking. The family arrived in 1934, after the Nationalist government had evacuated Beijing because of troubles with Japan.He met with Chiang Kai-shek and attempted to persuade him of Britain's support. Despite the lack of a real Chinese government, <mask> did his best but lacked support from the Foreign Office. In 1935, after his recommendation to extend a loan to the Republic of China was again denied, he wrote that "with all their protestations that they mean to 'stay in China', they do nothing. And 'staying' will cost them something in money or effort or risk. The Chinese are becoming sick of us. And there is no use my 'keeping in touch' with them if I never can give them an encouragement


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 at all". In 1936, Cadogan received a request from the newly appointed Secretary of State, Anthony Eden, offering him the post of joint Deputy Under-Secretary.He regretted leaving China so suddenly but took up the offer and returned to London. Things there had grown much worse since his departure. Fascist Italy had attacked Abyssinia and Nazi Germany had reoccupied the Rhineland. Assessing the situation, Cadogan advised a revision of the more vindictive elements of the Treaty of Versailles, "which was really more in the nature of an armistice." However, this suggestion was not taken up by Sir Robert Vansittart or Eden. It was felt that modifying the Treaty would only increase Germany's ambitions. Cadogan disagreed and wrote in his diary: "I believe that, so long as she is allowed to nurse her resentment to her bosom, her claims increase with her armaments."He wanted to engage Germany in an effort to get German grievances set down on paper and was not as troubled by his colleagues about the possibility of German domination of Central Europe. <mask> grew impatient with the lack of strategic direction in the Foreign Office. He complained, "It can't be said that our 'policy' so far has been successful. In fact we haven't got a policy; we merely wait to see what will happen to us next". Permanent Under-Secretary
In 1938, <mask> replaced Robert Vansittart as Permanent Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office. He considered his predecessor's style to be emotional and disordered compared to <mask>'s terse and efficient manner. There were, however, no significant divergences in policy although Vansittart's detestation of the dictators was more publicly known.Cadogan served in this capacity from 1938 to 1946 and represented

masks: Cadogan Cadogan Cadogan


texts: Britain at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference in 1944, where he became well acquainted with Edward Stettinius and Andrei Gromyko. His work there was greatly respected. Winston Churchill told Parliament, "His Majesty's Government could have had no abler representative that Sir <mask> and there is no doubt that a most valuable task has been discharged." In preparation for the Yalta Conference, Cadogan expended a great deal of effort attempting to bring the "London Poles" under Stanislaw Mikolajczyk around to the idea of losing their eastern territories to the Soviet Union. After 22,000 Polish officers and intellectuals were shot by the Soviet Red Army in the Katyn massacre, <mask> wrote in his diary on 18 June 1943 that "years before Katyn the Soviet Government made a habit of butchering their own citizens by the 10,000s, and if we could fling ourselves into their arms in 1941, I don't know that Katyn makes our position more delicate. The blood of Russians cries as loud to heaven as that of Poles. But it's very nasty.How can Poles ever live amicably alongside Russians, and how can we discuss with Russians execution of German 'war criminals', when we have condoned this?" He was also involved in discussions about the composition of provisional governments in Yugoslavia and Greece. <mask> then accompanied the British delegation to the Yalta Conference in 1945. David Dilks, the editor of his published diaries, notes, "He looked on Yalta much as he had looked at Munich. Both agreements entailed serious injury to the rights of states which could not defend themselves against large and predatory neighbours; both reflected the military and geographical facts; neither was a matter for pride or for fierce self-reproach, since it

masks:
Alexander Cadogan
Cadogan
Cadogan


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 hardly lay in British power at the material time to do other; both looked better on signature than in the hard after-light." <mask> wrote in his diary in January 1944: "They [the Soviet diplomats] are the most stinking creepy set of Jews I've ever come across." At the same time, he defended the Yalta Conference as relatively successful, writing “We have got an agreement on Poland which may heal differences, for some time at least, and assure some degree of independence for the Poles.”

United Nations

At the end of the war <mask> had hoped for the Washington embassy but it went to another capable career diplomat, Sir Archibald Clark Kerr.Instead, it is probably his experience with the League of Nations and his prominent role at Dumbarton Oaks that made Clement Attlee appoint <mask> the first Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to the United Nations. He served in this capacity from 1946 to 1950. During his time at the UN, as David Dilks points out, "British diplomacy had to be conducted from a precarious position of over-commitment and economic instability." <mask> expressed great frustration with the inflexibility of his Soviet counterparts, who were forbidden from mixing with other delegations or informal exchanges of views. At one point, he asked himself, "How can ten men discuss with a ventriloquist's doll?" He saw many parallels between Soviet actions at the beginning of the Cold War and those of the Germans on the eve of the Second World War. He remarked to Winston Churchill, "What forces itself on one's attention is the degree to which everything favours the evildoer, if he is blatant enough.Any honest Government fights (in peacetime) with two hands tied behind its back. The brilliant blatancy of the

masks: Cadogan Cadogan Cadogan Cadogan


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 Russians is something that we can admire but cannot emulate. It gives them a great advantage." Although he was never celebrated as a public figure, <mask> enjoyed great prestige within diplomatic circles. He was widely respected for his ability, character and experience. He and his wife cultivated a large and varied number of friends by entertaining at their Long Island home, Hillandale. Later life
In 1952, <mask> was made Chairman of Board of Governors of the BBC by Winston Churchill, who had returned to office the previous year.When <mask> expressed his concern that he lacked appropriate qualifications, Churchill replied, "There are no qualifications. All you have to do is to be fair". <mask> added, "And sensible, I suppose". Churchill nodded. On his appointment, he confessed that he had never seen a BBC Television programme and that what he had seen of American television, he disliked. He served until 1957. In the last decade of his life, <mask> gradually shed his commitments and devoted more time to his late-blooming interest in art.Honours
Cadogan was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1939, a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in 1941, admitted to the Privy Council in 1946 and appointed to the Order of Merit in 1951. Family

<mask> married Lady Theodosia Acheson, daughter of Archibald Acheson, 4th Earl of Gosford, in 1912. They had a son and three daughters. He died in July 1968, aged 83. Lady Theodosia Cadogan died in October 1977. References

External links

Papers of <mask> held at Churchill Archives Centre

1884 births
1968 deaths
Permanent Representatives of the United Kingdom to the United Nations
BBC Governors
Chairmen of the BBC
Members of HM Diplomatic

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Cadogan
Cadogan
Cadogan
Cadogan
Cadogan
Cadogan
Alexander Cadogan


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 Service
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
Permanent Under-Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs
Members of the Order of Merit
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Younger sons of earls
A
Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to China
People from Chelsea, London
Foreign Office personnel of World War


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<mask> (born 4 August 1974) is a French professional football manager and former player who played as a defender. She played her entire club career with Soyaux in the Division 1. She was also an international player with the France national team from 1993 to 2005, captaining the team for much of that period. In August 2014, she became the first woman to coach a men's professional football team (Clermont) in a competitive match in France. Diacre continued to manage Clermont for three seasons until taking up the position as head coach of the French women's national team. <mask>’s tenure with France has notably been marred with controversies. Playing career

Club
Diacre joined amateur club ASJ Soyaux in 1988, and quickly stood out for her strong character.She remained with Soyaux throughout her entire career. Prior to her final 2006-07 season, she received many proposals from American clubs, but stayed in France. In October 2006, she was injured during a match between Soyaux and Montpellier, suffering from an ACL tear in her right knee. This injury ended her footballing career at the age of 32. During her career 19-year-long career, she played around 350 D1 matches, which was a record at the time. She has since been overtaken by Sandrine Soubeyrand, Gaëtane Thiney and Camille Abily. International
Diacre began her French national team career at the age of 18, debuting for the team on March 9, 1993.She was given captaincy a few years after her debut. Diacre then went on to represent France in the 1997, 2001 and 2005 European Championships, serving as the team's captain. Diacre scored the goal against England that qualified France for the 2003 World Cup, where they were eliminated in the first round. In August 2005, Diacre retired from the France national team at the age of 31, finishing her career with 121 national team caps. Coaching career
Diacre previously

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Corinne Catherine Diacre
Diacre


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 served as ASJ Soyaux's manager and the French national team's assistant manager. In June 2014, French men's professional club, Clermont Foot, appointed her as the replacement for head coach Helena Costa. On 4 August, her 40th birthday, she became the first woman to manage in the top two tiers of a men's European League, in a 2–1 Ligue 2 loss at Brest.After three full seasons all in Ligue 2, on 30 August 2017 <mask> left Clermont to become the manager of France's women's national team. She succeeded Olivier Echouafni and became the first woman in the role since January 2007. At the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup, hosted by France, Diacre had the goal by the French Football Federation of reaching the final, despite the draw meaning that they would likely face favourites the United States in the quarter-finals. Despite a 2–1 loss at that stage to that team, Diacre said that she would remain in the job for the duration of her long-term contract. Controversies
Diacre generated controversy with her list of call-ups for the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup, with notable absences including Kheira Hamraoui and Marie-Antoinette Katoto. The absence of the latter Katoto garnered the most controversy, as she was the French league’s top scorer in the previous season. France exited the tournament in the quarterfinals to the United States, the eventual winners of the tournament.Later in the year, United States player and quarterfinal goalscorer Megan Rapinoe questioned Diacre’s tactics in the match, and suggested the team have a change in management. On the morning of the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup Final, Diacre gave an interview with Téléfoot where she criticized Eugénie Le Sommer’s play during the quarterfinal match against the USA, alleging that Le Sommer ignored Diacre’s tactics and strayed too far to the left. Diacre’s comments were put into question by Olympique Lyonnais


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 president Jean-Michel Aulas and former Lyon manager Reynald Pedros. Aulas claimed that people from Lyon knew of “inconceivable things” that happened during preparation for the 2019 Women’s World Cup. Pedros replied to Diacre’s criticisms with a tweet praising Le Sommer’s play in the striker position with Lyon. Diacre later apologized to Le Sommer for her comments, saying she was “still learning the rules of communication.”

In 2017, Diacre stripped longtime French national team player Wendie Renard of her first-captaincy, and gave the armband to Amandine Henry instead. Renard discussed her feud with Diacre in her 2019 autobiography “Mon Étoile”.Renard wrote that Diacre stripped her of her captaincy under the reasoning that Renard had a low individual level and did not play as well for France as she did for her club team, Lyon. In the same autobiography, Renard also claimed that Diacre refused to shake her hand at a national team camp in Montpellier in 2018, and “looked at (Renard) with disgust” for not introducing herself with the faire la bise instead. Renard’s autobiography drew criticism from Noël Le Graët for revisiting old problems, and Diacre demanded Renard be punished, which Le Graët also pushed back against. In February 2020, French national team midfielder Gaëtane Thiney was the next to speak out against Diacre, asking her to modernize her coaching tactics and model them after French men’s national football team coach Didier Deschamps. Weeks later, she was subsequently left out of the French squad for the 2020 Tournoi de France, with Diacre claiming her performances were below par. Following the Tournoi de France, former Lyon manager Gérard Prêcheur told L'Équipe that “everyone knows” about the bad relationship between Diacre and her players. At the end of July 2020, longtime French national team goalkeeper Sarah Bouhaddi indefinitely retired


texts: from international football, at first referencing the team’s early 2019 Women’s World Cup exit as a reason for her departure.Bouhaddi was originally unsettled by Diacre’s decision to give France's third-captaincy to Marion Torrent who had less than 30 caps, after Bouhaddi had been third-captain for over a year. Bouhaddi delved further into her reasons for retiring from the national team and denounced Diacre in an interview, saying “Winning a title with this coach seems impossible to me. We play in a very, very negative environment. I don't see myself winning anything with this manager, and a lot of players think so too but don't say it.” Bouhaddi was included in Diacre’s call-up list in September 2020, but Bouhaddi persisted on being away from the team as long as Diacre was national team manager. A new controversy arose when Diacre did not call up captain Amandine Henry for two Euro 2022 qualifying matches in October of 2020, saying she was not at an adequate national team level after recovering from an injury. The decision drew critical reactions from Olympique Lyonnais Féminin’s General Manager Olivier Blanc, Henry’s agent, Wendie Renard, Amel Majri, and Reynald Pedros. Pedros commented on the situation to Canal+, saying Diacre’s treatment of Henry was “very clearly a punishment.” He continued to criticize Diacre, saying "It is a very complicated relationship between the players and the coach.Players returned to their clubs very psychologically affected. They go to the France team out of obligation, not out of pleasure. They go to the French team with a pit in their stomach. When they came back, we had discussions to morally try to put them afloat […] We could see that there were things that were wrong. The girls were sometimes at their wit's end. ” Diacre responded accusing Pedros of being jealous of her position as national team coach. A short time


texts: after the call-up list was announced, Henry scored a goal against Guingamp with her club team, Lyon.She celebrated by plugging her ears (similarly to Memphis Depay’s signature celebration) as teammate Dzsenifer Marozsán pulled on the name of Henry’s shirt, alluding to Diacre’s comments. In the same month of October, former Clermont Foot goalkeeper Franck L'Hostis, along with players Anthony Lippini and Karim Djellabi, spoke out against Diacre’s coaching style in an interview with So Foot, comparing her time at the club to a dictatorship. They claimed Diacre would force players to sit out matches without giving them a reason, and would threaten to fire them “for the good of the group.” Diacre also allegedly would not allow players to stay in their rooms during Ramadan, again for the good of the group. The players continued, criticizing her for being overly particular about minor things such as players wearing matching socks in practice or even barring players from having ice cubes in their drinks. All of these things earned her the nicknames of “Attila,” “the dragon” and “the chief warrant officer” amongst the Clermont players. When Diacre left her position at Clermont, she did so without saying goodbye. In mid-November, Amandine Henry gave an interview with Canal+, where she spoke about being dropped from the national team, accusing Diacre of doing so as punishment for speaking to Noël Le Graët about the team’s issues.Henry went on to describe the national team environment around the time of the 2019 FIFA Women’s World Cup. Days after Henry’s interview, Diacre attempted to put an end to the controversies surrounding the French national team. She re-called Amandine Henry to the team, despite Henry’s public comments against Diacre. Around the same time as Henry’s interview, a former Clermont player, Thomas Guerbert, spoke about her management during her


texts:
 time at the club. Guerbert tweeted that Diacre’s coaching style for the French national team was the same as it was in the Ligue 2 club, and to “not expect her to change.” Guerbert’s claims echoed the concerns of his Clermont teammates from a month prior. At the beginning of February 2021, Noël Le Graët offered his continued support to Diacre: "Her sporting record is very good." He added, however, that her communication could be a point to improve: "She has hardened, perhaps a little too much ...There is probably better communication to be had.” In the summer of 2021, Eric Blahic, Diacre’s assistant coach since January 2020, stepped down from his role. He was the second assistant coach under Diacre to step down since 2017. Blahic was reprimanded by Diacre for having private, off-the-record conversations with players, and upon his departure he blamed Diacre for wanting too much control. Personal life
In December of 2020, Diacre tested positive for COVID-19. Some members of the French women’s national team were reported to nickname her “cocovirus,” in relation to her illness. Honours
Orders
Chevalier of the Ordre national du Mérite: 2014

See also

 List of France women's international footballers
 List of footballers with 100 or more caps
 Timeline of women's sports
 List of women's firsts
 Trophées UNFP du football

References

External links

 Clermont Foot coach profile

1974 births
Living people
People from Croix, Nord
Women's association football defenders
French women's footballers
France women's international footballers
2003 FIFA Women's World Cup players
FIFA Century Club
Clermont Foot managers
French football managers
ASJ Soyaux-Charente players
Female association football managers
France women's national football team managers
Sportspeople from Nord (French department)
2019 FIFA Women's World Cup managers
Knights of the National Order of


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<mask> (July 3, 1903 – March 11, 1986) was an American lawyer and jurist best known for his tenure as a circuit judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. Education and career

Born in Elmira, New York, <mask> received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Harvard College in 1923. He received a Bachelor of Laws from Harvard Law School in 1927. On June 23, 1927, The Harvard Crimson reported that <mask> was the first Harvard Law graduate to receive a degree summa cum laude. Felix Frankfurter, as a professor at Harvard Law School, sent his student <mask> to work as a law clerk for Justice Louis Brandeis of the United States Supreme Court, where he served from 1927 to 1928. He was in practice of law in New York City, New York from 1928 to 1959. He was a founding partner of Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP, where his law partners included George W. Ball and Melvin Steen.He was vice president and general counsel of Pan American World Airways in New York City from 1946 to 1959. Federal judicial service

<mask> was nominated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on March 10, 1959, to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit vacated by Judge Harold Medina. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 9, 1959, and received his commission on September 10, 1959. He served as chief judge and as a member of the Judicial Conference of the United States from 1971 to 1973. He assumed senior status on April 15, 1974. He was a judge of the Special Railroad Court from 1974 to 1986, serving as presiding judge from 1974 to 1986. His service was terminated on March 11, 1986, due to his death.Death
<mask> died by suicide at age 82 on March 11, 1986, in his Park Avenue apartment in New York City. Police said they found five notes in the apartment, one addressed to his resident maid and two unaddressed notes and two with drawings of his favorite childhood character. In all three notes, <mask> talked about his distress at

masks:
Henry Jacob Friendly
Friendly
Friendly
Friendly
Friendly
Friendly
Friendly


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 his wife's death, his declining health and his failing eyesight, according to a police spokesman. His wife, the former Sophie M. Stern, had died a year earlier. They had been married for 55 years. He was survived by a son and two daughters. Legacy

In a ceremony following <mask>'s death, then-Chief Justice of the United States Warren E. Burger said, "In my 30 years on the bench, I have never known a judge more qualified to sit on the Supreme Court."At the same ceremony, Associate Justice Thurgood Marshall called <mask> "a man of the law." In a letter to the editor of The New York Times following <mask>'s obituary, 2nd Circuit Judge Jon O. Newman called <mask> "quite simply the pre-eminent appellate judge of his era" who "authored the definitive opinions for the nation in each area of the law that he had occasion to consider." In a statement after <mask>'s death, Judge Wilfred Feinberg, the 2nd Circuit's chief judge at the time, called <mask> "one of the greatest Federal judges in the history of the Federal bench." United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit Judge Richard A. Posner described <mask> as "the most distinguished judge in this country during his years on the bench." Sterling Yale Law Professor Akhil Amar called him the greatest American judge (although not Justice) of the 20th century. Amar also cited <mask> as a major influence on Chief Justice John Roberts. Honors

Harvard Law School has a professorship named after <mask>.Paul C. Weiler, a Canadian constitutional law scholar, held it from 1993 to 2006; William J. Stuntz, a scholar of criminal law and procedure, held it from 2006 until his death in March 2011. The professorship is currently held by Carol S. Steiker, a specialist in criminal justice policy and capital punishment. The Federal Bar Council awarded <mask> a Certificate of Distinguished Judicial Service posthumously in 1986. The American Law Institute has an award named in memory of <mask> and endowed by his former law

masks: Friendly Friendly Friendly Friendly Friendly Friendly Friendly Friendly Friendly Friendly Friendly


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<mask> (born April 12, 1983) is an American community activist and politician. He was a Democratic member of the Florida House of Representatives, representing the 49th District, including northern Orange County and the main campus of the University of Central Florida, from 2012 to 2014. <mask> was born in Fort Lauderdale and attended the University of Central Florida, from which he graduated with a degree in political science in 2005. While in his undergraduate career, he was active on campus, serving as the President of the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual Student Union and the co-chair of the UCF Progressive Council. Upon graduation, <mask> took a job as a field organizer with Equality Florida, an LGBT rights organizations. From 2005 - 2015 <mask> held senior level positions at the organization including Statewide Field Director, Director of Civic Engagement and program director of Equality Means Business, the country's first state-level corporate equality coalition. Florida House of Representatives
Following the reconfiguration of state legislative districts in 2012, the 49th District was created, centered around the University of Central Florida campus, and <mask> ran in the open seat.In the Democratic primary, he easily defeated Shayan Elahi, winning the nomination of his party with 65% of the vote. Advancing to the general election, <mask> faced Marco Peña, a development officer for Florida Hospital and the Republican nominee. During the campaign, the Republican Party of Florida targeted the district, referring to <mask> as "Special Interest <mask>" due to his work with Equality Florida and claiming that he was "new to the neighborhood," to which <mask> responded by noting that "he has lived in Orlando for more than a decade and attended UCF at the same time as Peña." The Orlando Sentinel endorsed Peña over <mask>, noting that voters had to choose between "two smart, successful candidates" and praising <mask> as a candidate who "knows state issues and has good ideas about many of them," but eventually recommending Peña. In the end,

masks:
Joe Saunders
History Saunders
Saunders
Saunders
Saunders
Saunders
Saunders
Joe
Saunders
Saunders
Saunders


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 <mask> defeated Peña by a fairly wide margin, winning his first term in the legislature with 56% of the vote. Along with fellow State Representative David Richardson, <mask> is the first openly gay member of the Florida state legislature. As a freshman legislator, in 2012 <mask> was tapped to serve in leadership as a Deputy Whip for the House Democratic Caucus.In 2013 <mask> achieved an additional milestone when Democratic leadership selected him to serve as the ranking Democratic member of the House Choice and Innovation Education Subcommittee - the only freshman Democrat to serve as a ranking committee leader in the 2012-2014 term. In his first and only term, <mask> would emerge as a leading advocate for public education and a harsh critic of policies that divert public school dollars into private or for-profit schools like vouchers and charter schools <mask> would eventually receive numerous awards and recognitions for his work in early childhood education, K-12 education and higher education policy including leadership awards from the Florida Alliance for Arts Education, a "Freshman Lawmaker of the Year" award from the Florida Education Association and the 2014 Leadership Award from the Florida Association of Early Learning Coalitions for his work to update the health and safety standards of early childhood education providers. 2014 election
In November 2014, Democrats suffered a wave of losses in Central Florida. In a surprise upset, <mask> was narrowly defeated in his reelection campaign by Republican activist and local high school track Rene "Coach P" Plasencia. Plasencia earned 19,119 votes to 18,405 for <mask>, taking the seat by a 714-vote margin and 51% of the voting electorate. Post-office
In December 2014, <mask> joined the staff of the Human Rights Campaign, the country's largest LGBTQ rights group, as the Southern Regional Field Director. In this role, he managed the legislative and electoral programs in 14 Southern and Midwest states.In 2016, politicians in North Carolina's state capitol passed the notoriously

masks: Saunders Saunders Saunders Saunders Saunders Saunders Saunders Saunders Saunders


texts:
 anti-LGBTQ legislation House Bill 2. Deemed the "bathroom bill" the legislation was perceived by LGBTQ rights activists as a direct attack on North Carolina's transgender community which also repealed local nondiscrimination ordinances banning discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. <mask> emerged as a leading advocate to repeal the law. As the Campaign Manager for TurnOut North Carolina, <mask> helped to lead the legislative and then electoral effort that has been credited with unseating incumbent North Carolina Governor Pat McCrory - the only U.S. Governor lose re-election in 2016. In 2017, following the Brexit referendum, United Kingdom Prime Minister Teresa May called a snap election for all seats in the United Kingdom's Parliament. In May 2017, <mask> joined the campaign of openly gay Liberal Democrat and former Minister of State Sir Simon Hughes.A former member of Parliament for over twenty years, Hughes had lost reelection to the South Central London seat in 2015 by Labour party activist Neil Coyle. <mask> joined the Hughes campaign as Director of GOTV Programs in an ultimately unsuccessful effort to unseat Coyle. <mask> currently serves as the Senior Political Director of Equality Florida where he manages the organization's legislative, civic engagement and electoral programs. Since returning to Equality Florida he's helped support or held campaign positions in high-profile campaigns including the re-election campaign of St. Peterburg Mayor Rick Kriseman, the historic election of Fort Lauderdale's first LGBTQ Mayor Dean Trantalis, the successful effort to unseat anti-LGBTQ incumbent Florida State Senator Daphne Campbell and Anna Eskamani's 2018 campaign for Florida House District 47. References

External links
Florida House of Representatives - <mask>

Members of the Florida House of Representatives
Living people
Politicians from Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Florida Democrats
University of Central Florida alumni
LGBT state legislators in Florida
21st-century American politicians
Gay politicians
1983

masks:
Saunders
Saunders
Saunders
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Joe Saunders


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<mask> (born 25 May 1957), popularly known as M. G<mask>, or simply <mask>, is an Indian playback singer, composer, music producer, television presenter and film producer, who works predominantly in Malayalam cinema. He has sung more than 35,000 songs in 5+ Indian languages  including Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu, Hindi,Sanskrit  languages etc . He owns a music company named KMG Musics and also Saregama School of Music in Thiruvananthapuram. Sreekumar has won several awards, including two National Film Awards, three Kerala State Film Awards and 5 Filmfare Awards South. He was also honoured with the Harivarasanam Award by the Government of Kerala in 2016. He singing together spanning over 44 years. Career
<mask> made his debut in the Malayalam movie Coolie (1983) Directed by Ashok Kumar.The Malayalam movie Chithram (1988) directed by Priyadarshan, starring <mask>, was the first where <mask> sang all the songs. He has sung more than 35,000 songs for films in Malayalam, Tamil, Hindi, Kannada and Telugu. He worked as music director in Malayalam films such as Chathurangam (2002) and Thandavam (2002),  Priyadarshan's

masks:
Malabar Gopalan Nair Sreekumar
. Sreekumar
Sreekumar
Sreekumar
Mohanlal
Sreekumar


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 Kanchivaram (2008), <mask>'s Alexander the Great and Oru Naal Varum. He anchored a TV show named SaReGaMa on Asianet and was a judge for the reality show Idea Star Singer. Now he is a judge in Top Singer on Flowers TV. His appointment as chairman of Kerala Sangeeta Nataka Akademi by the LDF government of Kerala sparked controversy due to his close relations with its political rival BJP. Personal life
<mask> was born on May 25, 1957 at Haripad, in Alappuzha district, Kerala as the younger son of music composer and harmonist <mask> <mask> Nair and Harikatha exponent Kamalakshi Amma.He is the younger brother of popular music director M. G. Radhakrishnan and popular Carnatic musician Dr. K. Omanakkutty, who were both much elder to him. <mask> and Lekha, his future wife, first saw each other in 1988 at Thycaud Dharma Sastha Temple, Thiruvananthapuram, but they met each other only few days later after a concert. Gradually, they developed friendship and later began living together. <mask> and Lekha married on 14 January 2000 at the Mookambika Temple, Kollur. Majority of his songs are written by Rajeev Alunkal and <mask>

masks: Mohanlal Sreekumar Malabar Gopalan Sreekumar Sreekumar Gireesh


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<mask> (1751–1820) was an English journalist and playwright, who publicized the Wold Cottage meteorite which fell on his property. Education and military career
He was the son of <mask>, LL.D. (d. 15 October 1770), Master of Faculties and judge of the Prerogative Court in York, whose feud with Dean Fountayne was lampooned by Laurence Sterne in The History of a Warm Watch Coat. <mask> was educated at Eton College under Dr. John Foster (1731–1774), and remained there for eleven years. While at school  he dabbled in poetry and was one of the leaders in the rebellion against Foster's rule. He was admitted at Trinity College, Cambridge, as pensioner on 22 April 1767, and as fellow-commoner on 23 October 1769, but he left without taking a degree. On leaving the university, <mask> travelled on the continent and spent six months in Scotland, publishing on his return in 1776 a volume of Letters from Edinburgh, 1774 and 1775, containing some Observations on the Diversions, Customs, Manners, and Laws of the Scotch Nation.He next came to London and purchased a commission in the First Regiment of Lifeguards. By 1777, he was "cornet of King George III's second Troop of Horse-guards", and for about seven years he was the adjutant. He brought his regiment to a high state of efficiency, for which he received the thanks of the King and figured in the press as "the tip-top adjutant". In 1803, he was made a Captain in The Yorkshire Wolds Gentlemen and Yeomanry Cavalry. Fashionable society
<mask> soon became known in London's fashionable society for his original style of dress and the ease and elegance of his manners. His personal and sartorial peculiarities were copied by his friend Frederic Reynolds to enliven the characters in his comedies. Meanwhile, <mask>'s talent as a writer of prologues and epilogues introduced him to the leading actors of the day, and led to his first appearance as a playwright.An

masks:
Edward Topham
Francis Topham
Edward
Topham
Topham
Topham


texts:
 epilogue, spoken by Charles Lee Lewes in imitation of a Molière character, filled Drury Lane for several nights. Another, on a recent tragedy, spoken by Miss Farren, was equally popular. He wrote an epilogue for the benefit of Mary Wells, and their friendship soon became intimate. They lived together for several years, and four children resulted from the union. The plays produced by <mask> during this period of his life were:
Deaf Indeed, acted at Drury Lane in December 1780, but not printed; called a "stupid and indecent" farce. The Fool, a farce in two acts, performed at Covent Garden, and printed in 1786, with a dedication to Mrs. Wells, owing to whose admirable portrayal of "Laura" it was well received. Small Talk, or the Westminster Boy, a farce, acted at Covent Garden for the benefit of Mrs. Wells on 11 May 1786, but not printed.The Westminster Boys resented this production and came to the theatre in force to prevent it from being heard. Bonds without Judgment, or the Loves of Bengal, acted for four nights at Covent Garden in May 1787, but not printed. Journalism
A daily paper called The World was established by <mask> (partly with the object of promoting Mary Wells) on 1 January 1787. Two of his principal colleagues in its direction were Miles Peter Andrews and the Rev. Charles Este (died London 1828) Charles Este. John Bell, the publisher, had a share in the management. Its "unqualified and audacious attacks on all private characters" were at the start "smiled at for their quaintness, then tolerated for their absurdity", and ultimately repudiated with disgust.In it appeared accounts of "elopements, divorces, and suicides, tricked out in all the elegancies of Mr. <mask>'s phraseology". It was in this paper that the fantastic productions of the Della Cruscans, a small set of English poetasters dwelling for the most part at Florence, made their appearance. <mask> contributed articles

masks: Topham Topham Topham Topham


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 under the title of The Schools, in which he gave reminiscences of many of his companions at Eton, and his Life of the Late John Elwes (1790) made its first appearance in its columns. This memoir of the miser (sometimes credited with being the inspiration for Ebenezer Scrooge) passed through six editions during 1790, and in 1805 reached a twelfth edition, "corrected and enlarged, and with a new appendix". A German translation was published at Danzig in 1791. Horace Walpole considered it "one of the most amusing anecdotal books in the English language". It is said to have raised the sale of The World by a thousand copies a day; but an even better hit was made by the correspondence between the rival pugilists Richard Humphries and Daniel Mendoza.Charges of libel
When George Nassau Clavering, Third Earl Cowper, died in Florence on 22 December 1789, his character was assailed with virulence in The World. <mask> was indicted for libel, and the case was tried before Buller, who pronounced the articles to have been published with intent to throw scandal on the peer's family and as tending to a breach of the peace. The proprietor was found guilty. Counsel moved for an arrest of judgment on the ground of the misdirection of the judge to the jury. It was argued at great length before the Court of King's Bench, and after a protracted delay Kenyon delivered on 29 January 1791 the judgment of the court in favour of <mask> (Charles Durnford and <mask>, Reports of Cases..., iv. 126–30). By the autumn of 1790, he and Este had separated in anger.The latter had acquired a fourth share in the paper, but had surrendered it from 25 December 1788, conditionally, on the payment of an annuity to him. <mask> claimed that its payment was dependent on the existence of the paper, and Este thereupon "opened a literary battery against him in the Oracle". The printed letters are appended to a copy of Este's My Own Life at

masks:
Topham
Topham
Edward East
Topham


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 the British Museum. Retirement
After five years, <mask> disposed of his paper, abandoned Mary Wells for someone else, and retired with his three surviving daughters to Wold Cottage, about two miles from Thwing, East Riding of Yorkshire. It was rumoured that he intended to spend the rest of his days in farming some hundreds of acres of land and in writing the history of his own life. His kennels were considered the best in England, and his greyhound "Snowball" was praised as "one of the best and fleetest greyhounds that ever ran", and "his breed all most excellent". In 1801, he was offering a reward of Five Guineas on conviction of those poaching hares.The meteorite
While <mask> was living at Wold Cottage, a meteoric stone fell at around three o'clock on the afternoon of Sunday, 13 December 1795, within two fields of his house. In a letter dated 8 February 1796 and published in the press he states it fell on Sunday  20th December and immediately on being dug up, warm and smoking, weighed 3 stone 13 pounds, it had buried itself through 12 inches of soil and in six inches of solid chalk rock. Part of it was exhibited at the museum of James Sowerby, London, and is now in the Natural History Museum, London. <mask> published An Account of it in 1798, and in 1799 erected a column on the spot. The stone was "in breadth 28 inches, in length 36 inches, and its weight was 56 pounds"

The Life of John Elwes, Esq., M.P. For Berkshire, by <mask>, Esq. late Captain in the Horse Guards (11th Ed), was published in 1815.<mask> died in Doncaster on 26 April 1820, aged 68. He was for many years an acting magistrate for the North and East Ridings. He had three daughters, who were reckoned "the best horsewomen in Yorkshire". References

Attribution

1751 births
1820 deaths
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge

British male journalists
English male dramatists and playwrights
People

masks:
Topham
Topham
Topham
Edward Topham
Topham


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<mask>  <mask> (17 March 1852 – 5 October 1913) was an  Irish Catholic priest, author and political activist. He was usually known as <mask> after his 1903 appointment as a canon of the diocese of Cloyne, or more fully as <mask> of Doneraile, after the town of Doneraile where he wrote almost all of his major works and served as parish priest. Early life
<mask> was born on St Patrick's Day, 1852, at 29 New Street in Mallow in the north of County Cork. Third eldest of five children born to <mask>, owner of a small business, and to Joanna Regan, he was baptised by The Very Reverend Dr. John McCarthy, the sponsors being Timothy Cronin and Mary Ann Relehan. As a child, <mask> was fair-haired and delicate with "large wistful blue eyes". He was described as "a bit of a dreamer, and when other lads were shouting at play, he went alone to some copse or thicket, and with a book, or more often without one, would sit and think, and look dreamily at floating clouds or running stream; and then, with a sigh go back to his desk". <mask>'s father died on 13 July 1863 and his mother died on 6 February 1864.Following the loss of his parents, together with his three surviving siblings, he became the ward of the Parish Priest of Mallow, Dr. John McCarthy who later became Bishop of Cloyne. Responsibility for the <mask> household devolved on his older sisters Hannah and Margaret. When <mask> and his brother Denis (1854–1941), who

masks:
Patrick Augustine
Sheehan
Canon Sheehan
Canon Sheehan
Patrick Augustine Sheehan
Patrick Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan


texts: subsequently joined the Civil Service, had been despatched to secondary school, his sisters entered the Convent of Mercy in Mallow. <mask> made religious profession, as Sr. <mask>, on her death-bed before completion of her novitiate. She died on 7 November 1868. <mask> was professed as Sr. Mary Stanislaus, and became Mistress of Schools at Mallow Convent but died young on 17 December 1871. John, the youngest of the family, died at the age of five.In his Under the Cedars and the Stars <mask> wrote of his childhood: "Strange I never felt the proximity of father and mother. But of my sisters, one in particular, the only dark-haired in the family, has haunted me through life. I no more doubt of her presence and her light touch on the issues of my life, than I doubt of the breath of wind that flutters the tassel of the biretta on my head. Yet what is strange is not her nearness but her farness". Early education was received in the Long Room National School in Mallow. Of the school master he later wrote: "His range of attainments was limited, but what he knew he knew well, and could impart it to his pupils. He did his duty conscientiously by constant, unremitting care, and he emphasized his teaching by frequent appeals to the ferule".One of his classmates there was the journalist and parliamentarian, William O'Brien M.P., with whom he was to ally himself in later years. He completed secondary education in St

masks:
Margaret Sheehan
Mary Augustine
Hannah Sheehan
Sheehan


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 Colman's College, Fermoy, at a time which coincided with the Fenian Rising, the events of which were to have a profound effect on him. He returned to the theme of violent insurrection in several of his novels, most notably The Graves at Kilmorna, recounting Fenian incidents witnessed by him while a student in Fermoy. Maynooth years

After St Colman's, he passed through "the sphinx-guarded gates", as he called them, of St. Patrick's College Maynooth College in County Kildare on 25 August 1869, to prepared for the priesthood. Although he never shone in the spartan Maynooth regime, he was a brilliant student who, despite recurring illness, succeeded in completing his studies a year before he was old enough to be ordained. Transferred by his guardian, Bishop John McCarthy of Cloyne, to the seminary of the Vincentian Fathers in Sundayswell in Cork, he was ordained to the priesthood in the Cathedral of St. Mary and St. Anne at Cork, on Sunday, 18 April 1875 by Bishop William Delany. It is believed that he celebrated his first Mass in the chapel of the Convent of Mercy in Mallow.In his essay "The Irish Priesthood and Politics" <mask> gives a succinct description of his time in Maynooth: "I remember well that the impression made upon me by Maynooth College then, and afterwards, when I saw its long, stone corridors, its immense bare stony halls, the huge massive tables etc., was one of rude Cyclopean strength, without


texts: one single aspect or feature of refinement. So too with its studies. Rentless logic, with its formidable chevaux-de-frise of syllogisms, propositions, scholia; Metaphysics, sublime, but hardened into slabs of theories, congealed in medieval Latin; Physics, embracing a course that would have appalled a young Newton or Kepler; and then the vast shadow of four years' Divinity towering above and over-shadowing all!". The Maynooth literature course was hardly any better:  "The Graces were nowhere! Even in the English literature or Belles-Lettres class, as it was called, the course seemed to be limited to hard grinding Grammar, and nothing more. During the first semestre, a few lectures were given on literature. All I can ever remember of that period were the words 'Lake Poets', which the good professor was forever repeating".In January 1870, Fr. O'Rourke, the Professor of French and English, whom <mask> describes as a "very gentle, polished man", was obliged to leave the College and go abroad for health reasons. He was replaced by Fr. James J. Murphy (1841-1875), a young priest of the archdiocese of Dublin, who was then just finishing his postgraduate research on the Dunboyne Establishment. <mask> regarded him as "one of the most remarkable, if not one of the most distinguished, students that ever passed through Maynooth". To the "young hero-worshippers, sick and tired of logic-chopping, and the awful dullness of

masks: Sheehan Sheehan


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 the morning classes, he came as a herald of light and leading". Swiftly, he opened to their "wondering eyes the vast treasures of European and, particularly, of English literature".It was at his feet that <mask> first heard the names of Carlyle, Tennyson, and Browning. Priesthood

<mask> began his priestly ministry in the Cathedral Parish and in the former abbey church of St. Nicholas in Exeter in the diaspora diocese of Plymouth. He quickly established a reputation as a preacher and was much sought after for sermons, retreats, and incidental addresses. While in Plymouth, he also acted as a supply chaplain for Dartmoor prison which, at the time, still held several of those convicted for treason felony after the Fenian Rising of 1867. He returned to Ireland in 1877 to take up a curacy in his native Mallow. In 1881 he was transferred to Cobh (then Queenstown) and subsequently back to Mallow where he remained until Bishop Robert Browne nominated him Parish Priest of Doneraile on 4 July 1895. <mask>'s appointment to Doneraile was an important one and an implicit indication of the trust and confidence placed in him by his bishop.It was the largest territorial parish in the Diocese of Cloyne and incorporated the medieval parishes of Templeroan, Doneraile, Caherduggan, and Rossagh. Bishop Matthew McKenna's Visitation Register of 1785 mentions that the parish of Doneraile had 683 habitations while Cahirduggan

masks: Sheehan Sheehan Sheehan


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 possessed 200 and Templeroan 120. It had a long tradition of distinguished pastors since candidates for appointment to Doneraile were often chosen for their ability to promote cordial relations with the St. Legers, Viscount Doneraile, who were generally resident landlords, and politically known (and at times suspect) for their long tradition of enlightened tolerance for their Catholic tenantry which eschewed the traditionally bigoted outlook of their Boyle, Kingston, and Midleton counterparts. The religious climate in Doneraile, and the support of the St. Legers, had permitted an early restoration of Catholic structures which included a convent and schools (1818), and a fine Catholic Church (1827). The situation was such in Doneraile on 8 August 1869 that Bishop William Keane of Cloyne, during his episcopal visitation, noted that he was able to drive unhampered through the town of Doneraile "in choir dress and stole...to be received at the Church gate by clergy and laity in the manner prescribed by the [Roman] Pontifical", something that could not have happened in towns such as Youghal, Mitchelstown, and Middleton. Social engagement

During his pastorate in Doneraile, <mask> established the custom of weekly meetings with his parishioners which were held on Sunday afternoons. In the early years, these meetings concentrated on apprising tenants of the conditions of the Land Purchase Acts, and of their concrete


texts: application to their circumstances.By 1903, practically all land leases had been bought out by the tenenary in  Doneraile parish, without acrimony or agitation and on terms that were satisfactory to both landlord and tenant. From then on, <mask> concentrated on promoting modern agricultural methods, especially in tillage and dairy farming. The same meetings also resulted in a long series of social improvements in the town of Doneraile which saw the installation of a modern water supply system and the building of an advanced electrification plant. He also took advantage of the Irish Labourers Act (1883) to pursue a plan to have all cabins demolished and replaced by a modern housing scheme. In all of these enterprises, <mask> of Upper Ossory (Bernard Edward Barnaby <mask>, 2nd Baron Castletown), who had married Lord Doneraile's only child, the Honourable Emily Ursula Clare St. Leger. Perhaps it is not completely coincidental that all of these social projects are ruminated on by <mask>'s fictional Parish Priest in, what was perhaps his most successful novel, My New Curate. One of Canon Shehan's inherited pastoral duties in Doneraile, which he well acquitted, was to act as an independent intermediary between Viscount Doneraile and his tenantry; and between the tenantry and their landlord, so as to avoid the levels of agrarian strife experienced on beleaguered estates such as those of the nearby Earl of Kingston,

masks: Sheehan Sheehantown FitzPatrick Sheehan


texts: and to secure the de facto religious liberty traditionally enjoyed by Catholics on the Doneraile estates.<mask>'s arrival in the parish came at a sensitive moment as tenants began the process of purchasing their holdings from the Doneraile, and other smaller local estates, under the terms of the Ashbourne Land Purchase Acts of 1885 and 1887. The Parish Priest of Doneraile was frequently asked to assist tenants in their approaches to the local land agents to agree terms for the purchase of their holdings. While something of a traditional expectation of a 19th-century Irish Parish Priest, this practical social engagement on <mask>'s part needs to be understood in the wider context of the Catholic intellectual response to the challenge thrown down to capitalism, marxism and socialism by Pope Leo XIII in his encyclical letter Rerum novarum of 1891. As many of the contemporary theological journals published in Germany, Belgium and France make evident, Catholic theologians, rejecting Marxism, socialism, and the excesses of capitalism, debated and formulated social solutions that would come from the combined actions of the Church, the State, the employer and the employee, and elaborated in greater detail the principles to be used in seeking justice in industrial, social, and economic life. While <mask> was aware of the social question of his time, and was actively engaged in the great contemporary social evolution


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 directly affecting him in his parish, he can never be regarded as having in any manner espoused the Zeitgeist, as quickly emerges from his portrayal of such a priest in his novel Luke Delmege published in 1901 and, not surprisingly, translated into all of the major European languages. Writing to the editor of the Irish Ecclesiastical Record in 1913, the then Bishop's Secretary, Fr. William Browne, thus described <mask>: "He was always courteous and polite, of course, but very silent.When he first came home as a young priest from England, he was stationed here in Queenstown. I rather thought that his silent, reserved manner would have kept people in awe of him, yet when he died, all the older generation had instances to relate of his unostentatious kindness, especially to the poor and sick". In 1904 he was appointed a Canon of the Chapter of Cloyne and assigned to the prebendary of Kilenemer. He was conferred, honoris causa, with a doctorate in Divinity in February 1902 by Pope Leo XIII. In August 1902, he was the recipient of a Doctorate in Literature from the University of St. Albertus Magnus, Wichita, Kansas. Literary career

<mask>'s literary career modestly began in 1881 with a series of essays published in The Irish Ecclesiastical Record on subjects ranging from religious instruction in intermediate schools to the effects of emigration on the Church; from the philosophy of Ralph Waldo Emerson to the


texts: political significance of Léon Gambetta in post-war France; from liberal thought in the United States to a theological critique of a current of patristic thinking in England and in the United States that saw <mask> of Hippo as the Martin Luther of his age. At a time of intense interest in education and educational methods in Ireland, he made a significant impact on public debate by drawing attention to European educational theories and particularly to the importance of the German Universities.During this early period, <mask> began long associations with the Irish Monthly, founded in Dublin in 1873 by T. A. Finlay and Fr. Matthew Russell, S.J., to commemorate the Ireland's consecration to the Sacred Heart; with the Dublin Review, a quarterly journal of high literary merit, founded for the diffusion of Catholic theology in 1836 by Nicholas Wiseman, Daniel O'Connell and Michael Joseph Quin; and with the Catholic Truth Society, established in 1884 by Herbert Vaughan for the popular promotion of Catholic doctrine. Several pamphlets would be written by him for the Catholic Truth Society on subjects such as Thoughts on the Immaculate Conception, The Canticle of the Magnificat, and Our Personal and Social Responsibilities. He attracted much attention in Ireland, England, on the continent as well as in the United States through his observations in literary and religious magazines on issues related to clerical life,

masks:
St Augustine
Sheehan


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 education and philosophy. He wrote a number of children's stories and published works of poetry, his sermons and his collected essays. Several of his books were translated and published in German, French, Irish, Hungarian, Polish, Czech, Slovenian, Spanish, Ukrainian, Dutch, Flemish and Italian. <mask> is best remembered as a novelist; in his novel My New Curate, he recounts an incident of a clerical appointment that may well be autobiographical and refer to his arrival in Doneraile: "The Bishop sent for me and said, with what I would call a tone of pity or contempt, but he was incapable of either, for he was the essence of charity and sincerity: 'Father Dan, you are a bit of a literateur, I understand.Kilronan is vacant. You'll have plenty of time for poetising and dreaming there. What do you say to it?' I put on a little dignity, and though my heart was beating with delight, I quietly thanked his Lordship. But, when I had passed beyond the reach of episcopal vision, which is far stretching enough, I spun my hat in the air, and shouted like a schoolboy: 'Hurrah!'". Political activist

<mask> first became politically engaged after the passing of the Land Purchase (Ireland) Act 1903, authored by William O'Brien MP., and set in motion by D. D<mask> MP. of Kanturk, the Canon encouraging and giving advice to local tenant farmers in the area around Doneraile to purchase their leases under the act from the local

masks:
Sheehan
Sheehan
. Sheehan


texts: landlords.The success of land purchase in Cork was much to the frustration of John Redmond's Irish Party (IPP) who believed that a national Home Rule movement could not survive without social grievances and without the antagonism of Catholic and Protestant. <mask> was a founder and leading member of the All-for-Ireland League (AFIL) launched by William O'Brien  in 1910 in opposition to Redmond's party, O'Brien advocating the unity of Catholic and Protestant interests in all walks of Irish political, social and cultural life. <mask> stood and spoke on platforms advocating the principles of the League, which returned eight Independent M.P.s in the December elections. <mask> wrote the manifesto of the movement in a very long editorial for the first issue of the League's new newspaper, O'Brien's radical Cork Free Press in June 1910, which was a manifestation of Joseph Devlin's militantly Catholic Ancient Order of Hibernians, whose members were also members of the IPP, largely influencing its political course, particularly against any form of concessions to Ulster as advocated by the AFIL. The League, so successful in Cork, was less successful elsewhere. Its principles of establishing a movement of a new kind to attract rather than repel Unionist and Protestant support for an All-Ireland Home Rule settlement, while influentially limited, did motivate a worthy political initiative. Perhaps the most remarkable side


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 of <mask> was his vision of a reorganised Irish society which he hoped would take shape in an Independent Ireland.His nationalism was neither exclusively Gaelic nor Catholic and best portrayed by him in his novel The Intellectuals (1911), whose archetypical characters of man and women of Catholic and Protestant background from Ireland, England and Scotland, meet to discuss current issues of the day, <mask> in the preface saying "that his object was to show that there really was no invincible antagonism amongst the people who make up the commonwealth of Ireland that may not be removed by a freer and kindlier intercourse with each other". Literary celebrity
Lord and Lady Castletown of Doneraile Court befriended <mask> and held him in the highest esteem. His success as a writer had turned him into a celebrity, and whenever the Castletowns had guests of note, they were invariably brought to meet the man of letters. It was through them that the Canon met the American Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes for the first time in 1903. A ten-year correspondence ensued, ended only by <mask>'s death. In a letter to the Jesuit Father Herman Heuser, <mask>'s American biographer, Holmes explained: "I was at Doneraile and called every day after luncheon, that time being the best for him. He knew, and I feared, he was dying, though I did not admit it.He bade me go to his library and select a book. On his assurance, I took Francisco

masks: Sheehan Sheehan Sheehan Sheehan Sheehan