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 should introduce [him] before the public." Pratt and Kimball supported Page's statements, and the leaders resolved to restrict <mask>'s activities as a member of the church. While previously in Canada, <mask>'s activity to encourage flight from Canada and its civil uprisings to the American "Zion" was viewed with disdain, and was seen by the Canadians as "pro-American sympathizing." The former missionary associates who accused him cited <mask>'s claims "that there would be stakes of Zion in all the world."However, despite these allegations of teaching what was perceived by some to be "false doctrine," no disciplinary action was taken against <mask>. At the conclusion of the conference, <mask> was called to serve a second mission locally, but he was instructed to visit and teach only the "coloured population". The leaders of the conference in Cincinnati made no statement that the resolution of the meeting had been based on divine revelation or that it constituted any sort of doctrinal mandate, but rather they deemed it prudent to address the dynamic racial and politically turbulent climate of the times. The 1849 priesthood ban

In 1849, Brigham Young issued a church-wide ban on black men from being ordained to the priesthood. The policy's initial reveal by Young to the Twelve may have occurred up to two years earlier at Winter Quarters, Nebraska. Young's pronouncements in 1849 constitute the earliest known statements which officially exclude those of African descent from a temple endowment or the wielding of priesthood power. This decision may have been brought about in part by the actions of William McCary, an African-American convert to the church living in Cincinnati, who believed he was a prophet and claimed on various occasions to be Jesus and Adam, father of the human race.In 1847, as the Saints resided at Winter Quarters, McCary was excommunicated, following the discovery of various

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 unauthorized polygamous sealings performed in his home. As members of the LDS Church continued to migrate to the West, Mormons were exposed to a larger population of blacks, and anti-black political attitudes continued to increase among church members. Other black members of the church such as Q. Walker Lewis also found themselves and their church membership under scrutiny during this period. By 1847, <mask>'s priesthood authority had begun to be challenged, despite his well-respected status within the church community. Even after the 1849 official prohibition for all Latter-day Saint "brethren of color," <mask> remained involved in the church. As one who already held the priesthood, he continued to serve as a seventy in Cincinnati from 1842 to 1853, and in the autumn of 1883 served another mission to Cincinnati shortly before his death. Denial of temple ordinances
After moving to Utah Territory, <mask> asked Brigham Young for permission to be sealed to his wife and children, which was denied.<mask> again requested a sealing five years later to his deceased wife, son, and daughter—this time from President John Taylor, who then passed it on for the body of the Twelve to consider. <mask>'s request was again refused, and he was not allowed to enter the temple to be endowed. 1879 meeting regarding Joseph Smith's statements
On May 31, 1879 a meeting was held at the residence of Provo mayor Abraham O. Smoot to discuss the conflicting versions of Joseph Smith's views on black men and the priesthood, in response to <mask>'s petition to be sealed to his recently deceased wife. <mask> had first been ordained to the priesthood by Ambrose Palmer in January 1836, then as a Seventy by Zebedee Coltrin in December of the same year. Coltrin claimed, however, that <mask> had been ordained as a Seventy in exchange for his work on the temples at Kirtland and Nauvoo, but that Joseph Smith had later realized his "error"

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 and promptly "dropped" <mask> from the quorum because of "his lineage. Coltrin reported having this conversation with Joseph Smith in 1834—yet <mask> had not received the priesthood nor had been made a Seventy until 1836, and construction had not even begun on the Nauvoo Temple until 1841, thus making it impossible to have been "dropped" from any such capacity in 1834. Joseph F. Smith contradicted Coltrin by pointing out that he had verified as being in <mask>'s possession two certificates which notarized his 1836 and 1841 priesthood licensings that declared <mask> to be an elder of the church and a seventy.The "Smoot meeting" was essentially a reaffirmation of the church's 1849 policy of excluding black men from receiving the priesthood. Beyond suddenly bringing into question <mask>'s long-held authority in a high-profile and likely humiliating setting, the meeting did not change the fact that <mask> held the priesthood. 1879 meetings with Taylor, Smith, and the Seventy
In 1879, <mask> was present at two separate meetings regarding his priesthood authority. At these meetings <mask> had addressed the church members and authorities present and reflected upon his nearly 45 years of experience as a priesthood-bearing Latter-day Saint. He had also recounted “his appointment an[d] ordination as a Seventy, and a member of the 3rd Quorum." <mask> recalled for them Joseph's personal words to him: "that those… called to the Melchisadec [sic] Priesthood [having] magnified that calling would be sealed up unto eternal life." At these meetings, <mask> himself defended his priesthood before church authorities, outlining its timeline and reaffirming that Joseph Smith himself had told him he was "entitled to the priesthood."<mask> expressed to President Taylor his lifelong hope that his endowment of priesthood might prove one day "the welding link" to bond all of God's people together regardless of race. At the

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 end of these meetings, John Taylor concluded that Joseph Smith had made "an exception" and had given <mask> the priesthood despite his race—perhaps because he was of primarily European descent, and perhaps because he had further proved his worthiness by helping to advance and to build the early church. Taylor moved to honor Smith's decision and ruled that <mask>'s priesthood would be "allowed to remain." Posthumous commentary on <mask>'s priesthood
After <mask>'s death, LDS Church president Joseph F. Smith on multiple occasions declared <mask>'s ordination to the priesthood as "null and void by [Joseph Smith] himself because of his blackness", suggesting based on Coltrin's previous testimony that Joseph Smith before his death had indeed repented of his initial decision that <mask> receive the priesthood. Scarcely a few years had passed since Joseph F. Smith had himself been the one to ordain <mask> and to set him apart to serve his final church mission. Apostle Joseph Fielding Smith, who later became president of the church, went so far as to suggest that there had been two <mask>s — one white and one black. Legacy
Following <mask>'s death in 1884, his life and ordination to the priesthood remained a topic of conversation and debate for decades.The circumstance and story of <mask> often were referenced with the rise of questions concerning black men receiving the priesthood or temple blessings. All eligible men within The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints were admitted to the priesthood beginning in 1978, when all former restrictions based on race were lifted with the revelation received by then-prophet and church president Spencer W. Kimball. Long before this, however, <mask>'s son and grandson, Enoch and <mask>, had both been ordained already to the Melchizedek priesthood; Enoch was ordained an elder on November 27, 1900, and <mask> to the same office on September 29, 1935. In 2002, a

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 monument was erected in Salt Lake City over <mask>'s gravesite by the Missouri Mormon Frontier Foundation and the Genesis Group, to memorialize <mask>, his wife, and his descendants. The monument was dedicated by LDS Church Apostle M. Russell Ballard. See also

Black people and early Mormonism
Black people and Mormonism
Black people and Mormon priesthood
Walker Lewis
William McCary

Notes

Sources

Further reading
"<mask>ble," The Joseph Smith Papers. Joseph F. Smith biographical transcript for <mask>, as catalogued by The Joseph Smith Papers."<mask> and the Changing Status of Blacks Within Mormonism". (1979). Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 12(2):22–36. "Deaths," Deseret News, 31 December 1884:16. Sessions, Gene A. (2008) [1982]. Mormon Thunder: A Documentary History of Jedediah Morgan Grant.Second Edition. Greg Kofford Books: Draper, Utah. . Original publisher: Urbana: University of Illinois Press. Underwood, Grant. (1999) [1993]. The Millenarian World of Early Mormonism. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.External links
 <mask> Black LDS site
 Mormon Central Catalogued LDS Church documentation and correspondence regarding blacks and the priesthood

1808 births
1884 deaths
People from Frederick, Maryland
Latter Day Saints from Maryland
People from Cincinnati
American Mormon missionaries in the United States
Converts to Mormonism
African-American Latter Day Saints
Mormonism and race
People from Barberton, Ohio
People from Kirtland, Ohio
Latter Day Saints from Ohio
Religious leaders from Ohio
American Christian clergy
Seventies (LDS Church)
African-American Christian clergy
19th-century Mormon missionaries
African-American missionaries
American Mormon missionaries in Canada
People from Nauvoo, Illinois
Latter Day Saints from Illinois
Mormon pioneers
People from Ogden, Utah
Latter Day Saints from Utah
Burials at Salt Lake City Cemetery
19th-century American slaves
Harold B. Lee

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<mask>, OD (born 11 December 1988) is a retired Jamaican swimmer and five time Olympian. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she became the second Jamaican swimmer to place in the top four at an Olympics Games, finishing fourth in the 100-metre breaststroke. In 2014, she became the second woman to swim a 1:02.36 in the short course 100-metre breaststroke tying the world record in the event. In 2016, <mask> set a new world record in the short course 50-metre breaststroke. Two years later, in 2018, she set a new world record in the short course 50-metre breaststroke for the second time. She was the first Afro-Jamaican to win a world title in swimming. Background
<mask> calls Roehampton, Jamaica her hometown.In 2000, when she was approximately 12 years old, her family permanently relocated to the United States, moving to Florida. As of 2018 she continues to live and train in Florida. In international swimming competitions, <mask> chooses to represent Jamaica. At three years of age, <mask> started swimming. When she was 13 years old, <mask> decided to focus her swimming in on breaststroke. Before then she swam mostly freestyle and butterfly. She has been coached by Chris Anderson since 2001.<mask> mostly trains with the South Florida Aquatic Club swim team  in Pembroke Pines, Florida in an Olympic-size swimming pool. <mask> has been vocal about not being related to Janelle <mask>, who was the first Jamaican swimmer to finish in the top four at an Olympic Games. <mask> shares her swimming mission in her SwimSwam bio:

In college, <mask> majored in Psychology, earning her Bachelor of Science degree from Texas A&M University in 2010. Career

2004 Summer Olympics

<mask> was 15 years old

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Alia Shanee Atkinson
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 and a high school junior at the time of her Olympic debut at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. She competed in the 50-metre freestyle, ranking 44th overall, and the 100-metre breaststroke, ranking 32nd overall. 2006 Commonwealth Games
In March 2006, <mask> competed at her first Commonwealth Games, the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, Australia. 2007 Pan American Games
She carried the flag for her Jamaica at the opening ceremony of the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where she set the Jamaican record in the 100-metre butterfly with a time of 1:02.40.2008 Summer Olympics

In the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, China she finished 25th in the women's 200-metre breaststroke. 2010 Commonwealth Games
She also competed in the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, India in October. 2010 NCAA Championships
<mask> placed first in the 200-yard breaststroke at the 2010 NCAA Championships, swimming for Texas A&M. Her swim made her the second NCAA champion in swimming for Texas A&M after Julia Wilkinson. 2011 Pan American Games
At the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Mexico, <mask> won the silver medal in the 200-metre individual medley. 2012

2012 Summer Olympics

At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, England, <mask> competed in three individual events. She qualified for the 2012 Olympics 100 m women's breaststroke final after defeating Canadian rival Tera van Beilen with a time of 1:06.79 in a head to head swim-off for a spot in the final.She subsequently placed 4th in the final of the 2012 Olympics 100 m women's breaststroke finishing with a time of 1:06.93. This made <mask> the second Jamaican swimmer to place in the top four of a swimming event at an

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 Olympic Games behind Janelle <mask> who achieved the feat at the 2000 Summer Olympics in the 400-metre freestyle. In the 200-metre breaststroke, <mask> ranked 27th in the prelims. She also competed in the 50-metre freestyle where she placed 37th overall. 2012 World Swimming Championships

Following the 2012 Olympics, <mask> competed in the 2012 World Swimming Championships conducted in short course meters and held in Istanbul, Turkey in December 2012. She won the silver medal in the 50-metre breaststroke with a time of 29.67 in the final. In the final of the 100-metre breaststroke, she swam a 1:03.80 and won the silver medal.2014

2014 Commonwealth Games
She won two medals at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in the summer of 2014, silver in the 50 m breaststroke and bronze in the 100 m breaststroke. She also set two Commonwealth Games records in the heats and semifinal of the 50 m breaststroke. Her swim of 2:25.48 in the long course 200-metre breaststroke set a new national record for Jamaica in the event. 2014 Swimming World Cup
At the 2014 FINA Swimming World Cup stop in Singapore in November 2014, <mask> won the short course 200-metre breaststroke, setting a new national record with her time of 2:17.84. 2014 World Swimming Championships

<mask> won the 100-metre breaststroke at the 2014 Short Course World Championships in Doha, Qatar in December (equaling the record of 1:02.36 set by Rūta Meilutytė in 2013), becoming the first Afro-Jamaican woman to win a world swimming title. Her swim was the second time a woman hit the 1:02.36 mark internationally after Meilutytė. Because <mask> was the second woman to reach the world record time she was not awarded the $10,000 associated

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 with setting a world record because she did not set a new world record, instead tying the pre-existing one Meilutytė set in 2013.In the 50-metre breaststroke she won the silver medal with a time of 28.91. 2015

2015 World Aquatics Championships

In August 2015 at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships in Kazan, Russia, <mask> medaled in two individual events. She won the silver medal in the 50-metre breaststroke with a time of 30.11 in the final. Her swim set a new national record for Jamaica in the 50-metre breaststroke. In the 100-metre breaststroke, she swam a 1:06.42 in the final and won the bronze medal. 2015 Swimming World Cup
At the 2015 FINA Swimming World Cup stop in Dubai, United Arab Emirates in November 2015, <mask> swam a personal best time of 1:05.93 in the long course 100-metre breaststroke and set a new national record in the event. Her swim tied her for the 16th fastest swimmer in the event globally with Rikke Pedersen who was the world record holder in the long course 200-metre breaststroke at the time.2016

2016 Summer Olympics

At the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, she placed eighth in the final of the 100-metre breaststroke, swimming a 1:08.10. 2016 Swimming World Cup
At the 2016 FINA Swimming World Cup stop in Chartres, France in August 2016, <mask> again tied the world record in the short course 100-metre breaststroke with a time of 1:02.36. She did not win the $10,000 prize money for a world record as it was not a new world record. In October 2016, at the Swimming World Cup stop in Tokyo, Japan, <mask> swam a 28.64 in the short course 50-metre breaststroke setting a new world record in the event. 2016 World Swimming Championships

In

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 December 2016 at the 2016 World Swimming Championships in Windsor, Canada and conducted in short course meters, <mask> medaled in three individual events. She won the gold medal in the 100-metre breastsroke ahead of Lilly King. In the 50-metre breaststroke, she swam a 29.11 in the final and won the silver medal in the event.For the 100-metre individual medley she won the bronze medal, swimming a 58.04 in the final. 2018

2018 Swimming World Cup
<mask> competed for Jamaica at the 2018 FINA Swimming World Cup in Budapest, Hungary. In the 50-metre breaststroke she swam a 28.56, breaking her own world record in the event she set in 2016. 2018 World Swimming Championships

After the Swimming World Cup, <mask> went on to win two gold and one bronze medal in individual events at the 2018 Swimming World Championships in Hangzhou, China in December. The first medal she won in the competition was a gold medal in the 50-metre breaststroke, swimming a 29.05 and finishing ahead of second-place finisher Rūta Meilutytė. Her next medal was a bronze medal in the 100-metre individual medley, finishing third with a time of 58.11 in the final, less than one second behind Katinka Hosszú and Runa Imai. <mask>'s third and final medal of the competition was a gold medal in the 100-metre breaststroke where she finished before American swimmer Katie Meili with a time of 1:03.51 in the final.2019

2019 World Aquatics Championships
At the 2019 World Aquatics Championships in Gwangju, South Korea in July 2019, <mask> finished in fourth place with a time of 30.34 in the final of the 50-metre breaststroke. International Swimming League
In 2019 <mask> was a member of the 2019 International Swimming League


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 representing Team Iron. She was a valuable member of the team winning the 50m breaststroke in all 3 matches the team competed in, and she also picked up two wins and one second-place finish in the 100m breaststroke. 2021

2020 Summer Olympics

On 14 July 2021, FINA released its entry list for the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan including that <mask> was entered to compete in the 100-metre breaststroke. Prior to the start of competition of Jamaican athletes at the 2020 Olympics, the Jamaica Olympic Association saluted its athletes including <mask>. In the prelims of the 100-metre breaststroke on Sunday 25 July, <mask> swam a 1:07.70, finishing third in her heat, and did not advance to the semifinals. She ranked 22nd for all the prelims heats and finished her competition at her fifth Olympic Games by not advancing to the semifinals.International Swimming League
The International Swimming League team London Roar selected <mask> to be a part of their roster for the 2021 International Swimming League. At the end of the 2021 season, <mask> ranked 17th out of the 488 swimmers who had competed in the International Swimming League since it started in 2019 and earned a positive number of most valuable player points. 2021 World Swimming Championships
<mask> entered to compete in the 50-metre and 100-metre breaststroke at the 2021 World Swimming Championships in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Leading up to the start of competition, <mask> attended the finale of the 2021 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix in Abu Dhabi with Zach Apple, Lydia Jacoby, and Melanie Margalis all of the United States. On day one of competition, <mask> tied Qianting Tang of China for first overall in the 50-metre

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 breaststroke before Tang was disqualified, advancing <mask> as the fastest swimmer to the semifinals with her time of 29.55 seconds. In the semifinals, <mask> was disqualified, which marked the 14th disqualification in the prelims heats and semifinals of breaststroke events on day one. The third day of competition, <mask> swam a 29.14 for the breaststroke leg of the 4×50 metre mixed medley relay, helping achieve a time of 1:45.62 and rank of 17th and not qualifying the relay to the final.<mask> swam a 1:04.88 in the prelims heats of the 100 metre breaststroke on day four, qualifying for the semifinals ranking third. She ranked fourth in the semifinals, qualifying for the final with a time of 1:04.26. In the final <mask> placed fourth, finishing in a time of 1:04.03 and eleven-hundredths of a second behind bronze medalist Mona McSharry of Ireland. Retirement
Following her final event at the 2021 World Swimming Championships, <mask> announced her retirement from the sport of swimming in December 2021 via Instagram and said something she was glad she got to end her career with was, "I get to retire with my 2 world records in tact." Career best times

Long course meters (50 m pool)

Short course meters (25 m pool)

Worlds records

Short course meters (25 m pool)

Notes
 Not recognized as a new world record as it tied a pre-existing world record. Awards and honours
 2014 Swammy Award: Central American & Caribbean Female Athlete of the Year. 2014 Jamaican Sportsperson of the Year: Swimming.2015 Swammy Award: Central American & Caribbean Female Athlete of the Year. 2016 Swammy Award: Central American & Caribbean Female Athlete of the Year. In April 2018, <mask> was selected to

masks: Atkinson Atkinson Atkinson Atkinson Atkinson Atkinson Atkinson


texts: serve as the flag-bearer for Jamaica at the 2018 Commonwealth Games, where she was the only swimmer representing the country at the Games. In October 2018, <mask> received the fifth highest honor in Jamaica, the Order of Distinction, Rank of Commander from the Governor General. 2018 Swammy Award: Central American & Caribbean Female Athlete of the Year. In 2019, <mask> was inducted into the Texas A&M Athletics Hall of Fame. 2019 Swammy Award: Central American & Caribbean Female Athlete of the Year.In December 2020, <mask> was declared a champion ambassador to the Special Olympics with her outreach efforts focused on the Caribbean Community. 2020 Swammy Award: Central American & Caribbean Female Athlete of the Year. SwimSwam Top 100 (Women's): 2021 (#56). In November 2021, <mask> received an honorary degree, Doctor of Laws, from the University of the West


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<mask> (May 22, 1902 – May 26, 1956), born <mask>, was an American professional baseball player. Nicknamed "Bucketfoot <mask>", he played for two decades in Major League Baseball (MLB) as an outfielder and had his best years with Connie Mack's Philadelphia Athletics during the late 1920s and early 1930s, winning two World Series with Philadelphia. <mask> also played for the Chicago White Sox, Detroit Tigers, Washington Senators, Boston Braves, Cincinnati Reds and Boston Red Sox. After his playing career ended, <mask> served as a coach for the Athletics and Cleveland Indians. A career .334 hitter, <mask> was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1953. Early life
<mask> was born in Milwaukee and grew up as a fan of the Philadelphia Athletics. In the fourth grade, he received a spanking from his father for insisting that he wanted to play professional baseball.When he persisted in asserting his desire to be a baseball player, his father replied that he had better become a good player. <mask> was known by his birth last name (Szymanski) until he was playing for a local minor league team and he was tired of hearing people mispronounce it. He saw an advertisement for a company named Simmons Hardware and decided to take on the last name of <mask>. Playing career

Philadelphia Athletics (1924–1932)
In 1925, his second season with Philadelphia, <mask> led the AL with 253 hits and 392 total bases, while posting a .387 batting average, 24 home runs and 129 runs batted in (RBI). He scored 122

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Aloysius Harry Simmons
Alois Szymanski
Al
Simmons
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Simmons
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texts: runs, hit 43 doubles, and finished with a .599 slugging percentage. His 85 multi-hit games constitute a single-season MLB record. He earned the second-most votes for the league's Most Valuable Player Award.In the following three seasons, he hit .341, .392 and .351 and drove in 110, 108 and 107 runs in those respective years, while finishing fifth in 1926 MVP voting and fourth in 1927. <mask> led the A's to the AL pennant in 1929 as Philadelphia went 104–46, finishing 18 games ahead of the New York Yankees. The A's went on to defeat the Chicago Cubs in five games to win the World Series. That season he hit .365 with 34 home runs and led the AL with 157 RBI. He also scored 114 runs, had 212 hits with 41 doubles and a .642 slugging percentage. In his first World Series <mask> batted .300 with 2 home runs, 5 RBIs and scored 6 runs. <mask>' best year as a player was in 1930, when he won his first of successive batting titles, hitting .381 with 36 home runs, 211 hits, 41 doubles and 16 triples.He had a slugging percentage of .708, drove in 165 runs and scored 152 runs in 138 games. The A's won the AL pennant again, going 102–52, and defeated the St. Louis Cardinals to win back-to-back World Series titles. In that World Series, <mask> batted .364 with 2 home runs, 4 RBI with a .727 slugging percentage. In 1931, the A's won their third straight AL pennant, by 13.5 games over the Yankees, going 107–45. <mask> won his second batting title, hitting .390 with 22 home runs, 128 RBI, 100 runs

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 scored, 200 hits, 37 doubles, 13 triples and a .641 slugging percentage while playing in only 128 games. He finished third in AL MVP voting behind his MVP teammate Lefty Grove and the Yankees' Lou Gehrig. The A's were upset in their quest for a third consecutive World Series title, losing the World Series in seven games to the Cardinals.<mask> hit .333 with 2 home runs and 8 RBI in the series. In a final season with Philadelphia, <mask> led the AL with 216 hits. He batted .322, with 35 home runs, 151 RBIs and 144 runs scored in 1932. <mask> finished his Philadelphia Athletics tenure with a .356 batting average, 209 home runs, 1,179 RBI and 969 runs scored in 1,290 games. He drove in 100+ runs in all nine seasons and scored 100 or more runs in five seasons. In three World Series appearances for the A's, <mask> hit .333 with 6 home runs, 17 RBI and 15 runs scored in 18 games. Later career (1933–1944)

In late September 1932 the Athletics sold <mask>, Mule Haas and Jimmy Dykes to the Chicago White Sox for cash.The amount of the purchase was not disclosed at the time the sale was reported, though it was said to be the largest cash purchase ever made by the White Sox and possibly the largest purchase in AL history. Newspaper reports speculated that Athletics owner Connie Mack might be breaking apart the Athletics team that had been so successful between 1929 and 1931. During his first season in Chicago, <mask> batted .331 with 14 home runs, 119 RBI and 200 hits. In 1934 he batted .344 with

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 18 home runs, 104 RBI, 102 runs scored and 192 hits in 138 games. After a disappointing final season with the White Sox which saw <mask> bat just. 267 with 16 home runs and 79 RBI in 128 games (first time in his 11-year career he did not reach .300 and 100+ RBI) he rebounded by hitting .327 with 13 home runs, 112 RBI and 96 runs scored in 1936 for the Detroit Tigers. In 1937 he struggled again, this time with the Washington Senators, batting just .279 with 8 home runs and 84 RBIs in 103 games.He rebounded with a stellar season in 1938, batting .302 with 21 home runs and 95 RBI in just 125 games for Washington. His 21 home runs that year gave <mask> the distinction of being the first player to hit 20 home runs in a year for the Senators. <mask> was purchased from the Senators by the Boston Bees in 1939. The purchase price was not immediately revealed, though <mask> was reported as not getting along with Senators owner Clark Griffith. <mask> played in the major leagues until 1944. Overview
<mask> was one of the best hitters in MLB history. He had a career batting average of .334.He hit .340 or better in eight different seasons, with four seasons of better than .380. He recorded a .300 batting average and 100 or more RBI in his first 11 major league seasons. <mask> accumulated 1,500 hits in 1,040 games and 2,000 hits in 1,393 games, numbers that remain the fewest games needed to attain both marks in major league history. He compiled 200 hits or better in a season six times, with five of

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 those being consecutive (1929–33), and had 199 and 192 hits in 1926 and 1934. He compiled more hits than any right-handed batter in AL history until surpassed by <mask>. <mask> recorded 8 five-hit games and 52 four-hit games in the majors. <mask> hit 307 career home runs, finishing in the top six in AL in home runs for seven consecutive seasons (1925–32).In 19 World Series games, he hit .329 with 6 home runs, 17 RBI, 15 runs scored and a .658 slugging percentage. He was also a fine outfielder in his era, recording a career .982 fielding percentage. <mask> was nicknamed "Bucketfoot Al" because he strode toward third base when hitting. Later life and legacy
After his playing days ended, <mask> served as a coach for Mack's Athletics (1945–49) and the Cleveland Indians (1950). In early April 1951, <mask> announced he was dealing with an undisclosed illness and would be stepping down as a coach of the Indians. While Cleveland manager <mask> encouraged <mask> to think about his decision, <mask> said he could no longer help the team. <mask> died on May 26, 1956.He had collapsed on a sidewalk near the Milwaukee Athletic Club, where he lived, and was thought to have suffered a heart attack. He was pronounced dead at a hospital a short time later. He was buried at St. Adalbert's Cemetery in Milwaukee. <mask> was elected to the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame in 1951, the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1953, and the National Polish-American Sports Hall of Fame in 1975. In a 1976 Esquire

masks:
Al Kaline
Simmons
Simmons
Simmons
Simmons
Simmons
Al López
Simmons
Simmons
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Simmons


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 article, sportswriter Harry Stein published an "All Time All-Star Argument Starter", consisting of five ethnic baseball teams. <mask> was the right fielder on Stein's Polish team. In 1999, <mask> ranked number 43 on Sporting News list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was a nominee for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.In the 2001 book The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract, Bill James ranked <mask> as the 71st greatest baseball player of all time and the seventh greatest MLB left fielder of all time. See also

 List of Major League Baseball career home run leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career hits leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career doubles leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career triples leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career runs scored leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career runs batted in leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career total bases leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career batting average leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career slugging percentage leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career OPS leaders
 List of Major League Baseball batting champions
 List of Major League Baseball annual runs scored leaders
 List of Major League Baseball annual runs batted in leaders

References

External links

<mask> at SABR (Baseball BioProject)
<mask> at The Deadball Era

1902 births
1956 deaths
American League All-Stars
American League batting champions
American League RBI champions
American people of

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Simmons
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Al Simmons
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 Polish descent
American Roman Catholics
Baseball players from Milwaukee
Boston Braves players
Boston Red Sox players
Chicago White Sox players
Cincinnati Reds players
Cleveland Indians coaches
Detroit Tigers players
Major League Baseball outfielders
National Baseball Hall of Fame inductees
Philadelphia Athletics coaches
Philadelphia Athletics players
Washington Senators (1901–1960)


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<mask>,  (28 July 1913 – 7 October 2004) was an English chemist and educator. She was instrumental in establishing New Hall, Cambridge, now Murray Edwards College, Cambridge, and was the first woman to hold the office of Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge. Background Information
<mask> was born in Havant, Hampshire, the eldest of six children born to Admiral <mask> and Ellen Maxwell Spooner, daughter of William Archibald Spooner, Warden of New College, Oxford. After attending Downe House, Newbury, she studied as an undergraduate chemist and doctoral student at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. She completed a B.A. in 1936, and received a D.Phil. in 1938 for her research on aspects of isomerism.Teaching career
<mask> went on to hold teaching positions at the Royal Holloway College, the University of Sheffield and Cambridge. She served in various positions throughout her career:
 Lecturer in Chemistry, Royal Holloway College (1938–41)
 Lecturer in Chemistry, University of Sheffield (1941–42)
 Lecturer in Chemistry, Girton College, Cambridge (1946–54)
 Fellow, Cambridge University (1949)
 Tutor, Cambridge University (1951–54)
 Demonstrator in Chemistry, Cambridge University (1947–52)
 Tutor in Charge, New Hall, Cambridge (1954–64)
 President, New Hall, Cambridge (1964–81)
 Vice-Chancellor, Cambridge University (1975–77)
 President, National Association of Adult Education (1977–80)
 Governor and Chairman, Keswick College of Education (1953–83)

World War II
While at the University of Sheffield (1941–1942) <mask> did research on organic chemistry as part of a team working for the Ministry of Supply. In 1942, she joined the WRNS, rising to the rank of chief officer. She worked at Chatham barracks as chief officer directing

masks:
Dame Alice Rosemary Murray
Rosemary Murray
Arthur John Layard Murray
Rosemary Murray
Murray


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 demobilisation. A 2013 BBC report

describes a secret major control bunker, later buried beneath the lawns of Magee College, Derry, Northern Ireland. From 1941 this bunker, part of Base One Europe, together with similar bunkers in Derby House, Liverpool, and Whitehall was used to control one million Allied personnel and fight the Nazi U-boat threat. <mask> was stationed at Base One Europe as WRNS Chief Officer and responsible for the welfare of 5,600 Wrens stationed at Londonderry.New Hall, Cambridge

In 1946, the mistress of Girton College invited <mask> to apply for a job at Cambridge. There, <mask> played a major role in establishing New Hall, to address the needs of women students. She served as the first president of New Hall from its founding in 1954 until 1981. In 1975 she became Cambridge University's first female vice-chancellor for a two-year term during which time she introduced student representation on university committees, founded the Cambridge Society, and inaugurated the clinical medical school, the new music school, and West Road concert hall. In 1980, <mask> published the booklet New Hall, 1954–1972: the Making of a College. In 2008, it was announced that New Hall would be renamed Murray Edwards College, in honour of the vision of its first President, <mask>, and the generosity of the Edwards family. Town and gown
<mask> was a magistrate in Cambridge for 30 years, from 1953 to 1983, and was the first female deputy lieutenant of Cambridgeshire in 1982.She was president of the National Association of Adult Education from 1977 to 1980. She was a member of the Committee on Higher Education in Northern Ireland chaired by  Sir John Lockwood (1963–65), which recommended
the closure of Magee College as well as the

masks:
Murray
Murray
Murray
Murray
Rosemary Murray
Murray


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 location of Northern Ireland's 2nd University being Coleraine (February, 1965) and led to the controversial creation of the New University of Ulster, from which she was later awarded a Doctor of Science (DSc) Honorary Degree (1972). She was a member of the Armed Forces Pay Review Body (1971–81). She was a director of Midland Bank Ltd (1978–84), and an independent director of The Observer (1981–93). Achievements
Dame <mask> was the first woman to serve as the following:
 Vice-chancellor of the University of Cambridge
 Founder President of the "third foundation" for women, New Hall, Cambridge
 Director of a clearing bank, the Midland Bank
 Liveryman in the Goldsmiths' Company
 Deputy Lieutenant for Cambridgeshire

Honours and awards
She was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in 1977. She received honorary degrees from universities in several countries:
 Doctor of Science (DSc), The New University of Ulster, 1972
 Doctor of Science (DSc), University of Leeds, 1975
 Doctor of Science (DSc), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 1975
 Doctor of Civil Law (DCL), Oxford University, 1976
 Doctor of Law (DL), University of Southern California, 1976
 Doctor of Science (DSc), Wellesley College, 1976
 Doctor of Laws (LLD), University of Sheffield, 1977
 Doctor of Science(DSc), The Royal Australian Institute of Colleges, 1981
 Doctor of Law (DL), University of Cambridge, 1988
In 2004, a new rose was named in her honour at the Chelsea Flower Show. In 2008, New Hall, Cambridge was renamed <mask> Edwards College, in her honour.In 2008, New Hall's Transit of Venus garden was rebuilt as the <mask> <mask> Garden. Death
She died at the John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford on 7 October 2004, aged 91. She had an

masks:
Rosemary Murray
Murray
Dame Rosemary
Murray


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 operation to replace a heart valve, which was a dangerous procedure for a woman of 91 years. She was warned there was only a 50% chance of her survival but she went through with it anyway. After the operation, she appeared fine with cards and flowers surrounding her hospital bed and the vicar said, "I had one of those wonderful afternoons when a visit to a sick parishioner in hospital cheers you up so much, that you come home feeling a hundred time better than when you left." However, two days later she seemed to become distant and the day after that, she was totally unresponsive. References

Further reading

External links

The Times (online) obituary for Dame <mask>
The Independent Online obituary for <mask>

1913 births
2004 deaths
Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
People from Havant
People from Oxford
People educated at Downe House School
Fellows of New Hall, Cambridge
Fellows of Girton College, Cambridge
Alumni of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford
Academics of Royal Holloway, University of London
Academics of the University of Sheffield
Deputy Lieutenants of Cambridgeshire
Presidents of New Hall, Cambridge
British women in World War II
British women chemists
Vice-Chancellors of the University of Cambridge
English chemists
20th-century British women scientists
Women heads of universities and

masks:
Rosemary Murray
Murray


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<mask> (born March 5, 1963) is an American  pastor, televangelist,  and author, based in Houston, Texas. As of 2018, Osteen's televised sermons were seen by approximately 10 million viewers in the US and several million more in over 100 countries weekly. Osteen has also written several best-selling books. Early life and family
Osteen was born in Houston, Texas, and is one of six children of <mask> and Dolores ("Dodie") Pilgrim. His father, a former Southern Baptist pastor, founded Lakewood Church (of which Osteen is the current senior pastor) in the back of an old feed store. He graduated from Humble High School, a public high school in the city of Humble, Texas, in 1981, and attended Oral Roberts University in Tulsa, Oklahoma, where he studied radio and television communications, but did not graduate; he did not receive a degree from a divinity school. In 1982, he returned to Houston, founded Lakewood's television program, and produced his father's televised sermons for 17 years until January 1999, when his father died unexpectedly from a heart attack.Career

On January 17, 1999, <mask> preached his first sermon. On October 3, 1999, he was installed as the new senior pastor of Lakewood Church. In 2003, Lakewood Church acquired the Compaq Center, former home of the NBA Houston Rockets and the AHL Houston Aeros and renovated it. According to Osteen in 2008, Lakewood Church's weekly service TV program was viewed in more than 100 countries. Lakewood Church estimates that 7 million viewers per week watch the services. <mask> was included on Barbara Walters's list of the 10 Most Fascinating People of 2006. Former presidential candidate John McCain described Osteen as his favorite inspirational author.The

masks:
Joel Scott Osteen
John Osteen
Osteen
Osteen


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 <mask> family attended Easter breakfast hosted by President Barack Obama at the White House in 2010. As of 2014, Lakewood's attendance had grown from 5,000 to 43,000 people. Preaching style
Osteen's sermon preparation involves memorizing his remarks and listening to himself on tape. Osteen says he chooses to focus more on the goodness of God and on living an obedient life rather than on sin. He says that he tries to teach Biblical principles in a simple way, emphasizing the power of love and a positive attitude. When asked why he does not focus more on sin, the devil and hell in detail, <mask> stated in an interview with CBN News:

Events
Since 2004, <mask>, along with his wife, have hosted Night of Hope events, as well as their annual stadium event called "America's Night of Hope", in the U.S. and around the world. The event incorporates contemporary Christian music and inspirational messages to reach the masses at the venue and others watching online.<mask> also hosted an event at his Lakewood Church in 2018, in collaboration with rapper Kanye West, called Kanye’s Sunday Service. As per media reports, the event was attended by 17,000 as well as joined by many people streaming online. He also held his Easter service during COVID-19 with Mariah Carey and Tyler Perry. Books
<mask>'s first book, Your Best Life Now: 7 Steps to Living at Your Full Potential, was released in October 2004, and reached the number 1 position on The New York Times Best Seller list. He released his second book, titled Become a Better You: 7 Keys to Improving Your Life Every Day, in October 2007. It also topped The New York Times Best Seller list and had a first printing of three million copies. <mask> has said that the book

masks: Osteen Osteen Osteen Osteen Osteen Osteen


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 focuses more on relationships and not getting stuck where we are in life.Personal life
On April 4, 1987, Osteen married <mask> (née Iloff), who later would become co-pastor of Lakewood Church. They have a son and daughter. In 2002, his older siblings, Paul, Lisa, and Tamara, and his younger sister, April, were also involved in full-time ministry, and his half-brother Justin was doing missionary work. Osteen lives with his family in a 17,000 square-foot mansion in River Oaks, with an estimated value of $10.5 million. Osteen says that as senior pastor, he draws no salary from the church, which has an annual budget of $70 million, and that he instead relies on income from book sales. Political and social views
Osteen has generally avoided discussing or preaching about controversial issues such as gay marriage, abortion, and politics. Having gone on record saying homosexuality is "not God's best", he has stated he believes the church has a tendency to become overly focused on single issues (such as homosexuality) to the point of neglecting others.When asked if he thought God approves of homosexuality, Osteen said homosexuality is a sin according to his interpretation of Scripture, but said gay people are welcome in his church without judgment. In an interview on Fox News in 2008 during the Republican Party presidential primary race, when discussing whether he thought that Mormons were Christians, Osteen indicated that he believed that they were. He further revealed that he had not studied the religion. In an interview in 2011, Osteen stated his support for Israel. Controversies

Prosperity gospel criticism
Osteen's sermons and writings are sometimes criticized for promoting prosperity theology, or the


texts:
 prosperity gospel, a belief that the reward of material gain is the will of God for all pious Christians. On October 14, 2007, 60 Minutes ran a 12-minute segment on Osteen, titled "<mask>en Answers His Critics", during which Reformed theologian Michael Horton told CBS News correspondent Byron Pitts that Osteen's message is heresy. Horton stated that the problem with Osteen's message is that it makes religion about us instead of about God.<mask> is estimated to have a net worth of over $50 million, with his church taking in $43 million a year in collections. Hurricane Harvey response
During the immediate aftermath of Hurricane Harvey in August 2017, Osteen received significant criticism for not making Lakewood Church, a 606,000-square-foot, 16,000-seat former sports arena, available as an emergency shelter for those displaced by the storm. On August 27, posts from the church and a Lakewood Church associate pastor's social media accounts stated that the church was "inaccessible due to severe flooding," and associate pastor John Gray posting further, "If WE could get there WE WOULD OPEN THE DOORS." Lakewood spokesperson Don Iloff later described floodwaters as one foot from spilling over the facility's floodgate and surging into the building. He also stated that pictures showing Lakewood free of flooding were taken on Monday, after the flood waters had lowered. Osteen disputed the claim that flood waters closed the church, saying "the church has been open from the beginning," and, "[w]e've always been open ... How this notion got started, that we're not a shelter and we're not taking people in is a false narrative." This contradicted his earlier statement that the church would open when other refugee

masks: Joelste Osteen


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 centers were full.On the evening of August 28, it was announced by Lakewood that it would open at noon the next day as an available shelter to storm victims and emergency personnel, which it did. On August 15, 2018, less than a year after Harvey struck, the City of Houston and Mayor Sylvester Turner proclaimed a day in honor of the assistance of Lakewood and Osteen in rebuilding efforts across the Houston area. It stated that Lakewood and its pastors had provided "assistance to more than 1,150 Houston-area families whose homes were damaged or destroyed by floodwaters" and bought "1.1 million dollars in building materials, furniture, appliances, and paid labor, as well as through the contribution of more than 2,500 volunteers". Other
In 2011, Osteen and Lakewood Church were sued by the band The American Dollar for copyright infringement. A judge in 2012 ruled in favor of Osteen, but gave The American Dollar leave to amend the case. In 2020, Osteen's Lakewood Church accepted $4.4 million in federal PPP loans for COVID relief. The church began repayment in October 2021.Filmography

Partial list of books
 Your Best Life Now: 7 Steps to Living at Your Full Potential (2004)
Daily Readings from Your Best Life Now: 90 Devotions for Living at Your Full Potential (2005)
 Become a Better You: 7 Keys to Improving Your Life Every Day (2007)
Your Best Life Begins Each Morning: Devotions to Start Every New Day of the Year (2008)
 It's Your Time : Activate Your Faith, Achieve Your Dreams, and Increase in God's Favor (2009)
It's Your Time: Finding Favor, Restoration, and Abundance in Your Life Every Day (2009)
Everyday a Friday: How to Be Happier 7 Days a Week (2011)
I Declare: 31 Promises to Speak Over Your Life


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<mask>ic () is a Serbian American biomedical engineer. She is a University Professor at Columbia University, as well as the Mikati Foundation Professor of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Sciences. She also heads the laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering at Columbia University. She is part of the faculty at the Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center and the Center for Human Development, both found at Columbia University. She is also an honorary professor at the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy at the University of Belgrade, an honorary professor at the University of Novi Sad, and an adjunct professor at the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Tufts University. Her focus is on engineering human tissues for regenerative medicine, stem cell research and modeling of disease. Together with her team she has published over 380 scientific papers, 70 book chapters and three books on tissue engineering.Vunjak-Novakovic has also given 380 invited lectures across the world and is named as co-inventor on 100 licensed, issued and pending patents. Building on these patents she co-founded four biotech companies: EpiBone, TARA Biosystems, Xylyx Bio, and Immplacate Health. Additionally, she is a frequent advisor to the federal government on tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Biography
Vunjak received her B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. in chemical engineering from the University of Belgrade, in Belgrade, Serbia, her birthplace. After her postgraduate study in Germany, she returned as a faculty to the University of Belgrade in its Chemical Engineering Department. She was a Fulbright Fellow at Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology from 1986 to 1987 and held joint appointments as research scientist at the


texts:
 Whitaker College of Health Sciences and Technology at MIT (1993-1998) and as adjunct professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Tufts University (1994-2004). In 1998 she became a full-time principal research scientist with the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology at MIT, where she collaborated, among others, with renowned biomedical engineer Robert S. Langer.In 2005, she accepted a position as full professor with the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Columbia University. She is married to Branko Novakovic, an architect, and they have a son Stasha who is practicing pulmonology and critical care in Miami. Research
Vunjak-Novakovic's numerous scholarly accomplishments have substantially impacted the field of tissue engineering in specific and the field of biomedical engineering in general. The focus of her research is on engineering functional human tissues, by an integrated use of stem cells, biomaterial scaffolds and bioreactors, which are culture systems designed to regulate and stimulate tissue development. In her work she has laid the theoretical and experimental foundation for the development of new biomaterials and scaffold architecture to regenerate tissue. For example, a series of 5 papers on bioreactors, seeding of polymer scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering, cultivation parameters, and tissue construct characterization, published in 1998 and 1999 have been cited over 2,000 times. Building on these efforts, Prof. Vunjak-Novakovic continued to perform complex cell biological studies that address fundamental problems such as the growth and differentiation of stem cells for functional skeletal and cardiac mechanics, the growth of mammalian cells in microgravity environment, and the role of chondrocytes in


texts:
 cartilage tissue biomechanics.In ways not achieved by any other research team, Prof. Vunjak-Novakovic's group has succeeded to control cell growth, metabolism and function of engineered human tissues. This has garnered her highest praise and recognition of the scientific community. She is now starting to translate this foundation into clinical applications that promise to profoundly influence the way patients are treated and medicine is practiced. Recognition
In 2007, Vunjak-Novakovic became the first woman engineer to receive the distinction of giving the Director's Lecture at the National Institute of Health. In 2008, she was inducted into the Women in Technology International Hall of Fame, and in 2009, she was elected to the New York Academy of Sciences. One year later she received the Clemson Award of the Society of Biomaterials "for significant contributions to the literature on the science or technology of biomaterials." Vunjak-Novakovic is currently serving on the Council of NIBIB, and has previously served as a Chair of Fellows of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering.She is a fellow of the Biomedical Engineering Society, a fellow of AAAS, and a founding fellow of TERMIS. She is a member of the Academia Europaea, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, the Women in Technology International Hall of Fame, and one of Foreign Policy 100 leading global thinkers for 2014. She is the recipient of the Robert A. Pritzker Distinguished Lecture Award for 2017, the premier award of the Biomedical Engineering Society. As her research has made substantial breakthroughs in recent years, her work has also captured the imagination of the general public and was featured in The New York Times, Scientific American, Forbes Magazine, National Public


texts:
 Radio (NPR), and the BBC. In 2012 she was elected to the National Academy of Engineering "for bioreactor systems and modeling approaches for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine," becoming the first woman at Columbia to ever earn that prestigious distinction. Two years later this was followed by the elections to the National Academy of Medicine, and the National Academy of Inventors. In 2017, Professor Vunjak-Novakovic was appointed to the rank of University Professor at Columbia University, the institution's highest academic honor reserved for a small number of faculty who have made the most important contributions to their field of study, and serve the university as a whole.She appeared in 2018 as herself in the documentary film Tesla Nation. In 2019, she was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In February 2021, she was awarded the Sretenje order of the Republic of Serbia. In July 2021, she was as awarded the Popular Prize by the European Inventor Award. References

External links

WITI Museum
Epernicus
Columbia engineering faculty
Forum-Network
Stem SAVE scientific advisor council
PBS.org
Columbia BME Department

Columbia University faculty
Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science faculty
University of Belgrade alumni
Serbian emigrants to the United States
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Members of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
Fellows of the Biomedical Engineering Society
Massachusetts Institute of Technology staff
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
American women engineers
American biomedical engineers
Serbian women engineers
21st-century women engineers
American women academics
21st-century


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<mask> (born 11 July 1972) is a New Zealand-Australian racing driver, currently competing in the Porsche Carrera Cup Australia Championship. <mask>, the son of seven-time Bathurst 1000 winner <mask>, is himself a five-time Bathurst 1000 winner, having won the event in 1998, 1999, 2013, 2015 and 2018. Colloquially known as 'Richo', he also won the Bathurst 24 Hour in 2002. Career history

Early career
<mask>' first major career success was winning the Australian Formula Ford Championship on his second attempt in 1994 for Garry Rogers Motorsport. In 1995, <mask> made his debut in the Bathurst 1000, finishing fourth for Gibson Motorsport with Anders Olofsson. <mask> continued his association with Garry Rogers Motorsport in the years following, competing in the Australian Super Touring Championship from 1995 to 1997 driving an Alfa Romeo 155, Honda Accord and Nissan Primera and making his Australian Touring Car Championship debut for the team in 1996 in a Holden VR Commodore. <mask> competed with his father Jim at the Bathurst 1000 in 1996 and 1997, finishing second in the latter.<mask> continued with the team for 1998 before leaving to take up a testing role with Nissan in England. At the 1998 AMP Bathurst 1000 <mask> finished second in a Nissan Primera, only two seconds behind his father Jim. A month later driving a Ford EL Falcon, he won the FAI 1000 with Jason Bright for Stone Brothers Racing. Supercars Championship
In 1999 <mask> took up a full-time drive with Gibson Motorsport in 1999, as a team-mate to Greg Murphy in a Holden VT Commodore. <mask> finished seventh in the championship with the highlight being defending his Bathurst crown with Murphy. By winning his second Bathurst title in a Holden, he became the first driver to win the Bathurst 1000 in both a Ford and Holden, and remains the only driver to do so in consecutive years.

masks:
Steven James Richards
Richards
Jim Richards
Richards
Richards
Richards
Richards
Richards
Richards
Richards
Richards


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 <mask> continued with Gibson Motorsport in 2000, winning the inaugural Canberra 400 as well as a round at Calder Park Raceway.In 2001, <mask> moved to Ford Tickford Racing. <mask> finished 12th in the standings for the team in 2001. With Ford Tickford Racing scaling back to one car, <mask> moved to Perkins Engineering in 2002. He continued with the team for five years and achieved consistent championship finishes between fifth and seventh. <mask> won two rounds for the team, both at the Perth 400 at Barbagallo Raceway. In 2007, <mask> made another manufacturer switch, joining Ford Performance Racing. <mask> started competitively for the team, with championship finishes of seventh and eighth, but dropped off in 2009 and 2010 with finishes of thirteenth and fifteenth.<mask> was subsequently replaced by Will Davison for 2011, and finished his full-time career with a podium in the final race of the season at the Sydney 500. <mask>' highlights for the team were winning the Skycity Triple Crown in 2008, and podium finishes at the 2007 Sandown 500 and 2009 Phillip Island 500 with Owen Kelly and Mark Winterbottom respectively. <mask> and Winterbottom were leading the 2007 Bathurst 1000 late in the race before Winterbottom went off the track in wet conditions. Endurance co-driver
Following his full-time career ending, <mask> became a highly sought-after co-driver for V8 Supercars' two endurance events, the Sandown 500 and Bathurst 1000. He decided to stay on with Ford Performance Racing, renewing his partnership with Winterbottom. In 2013, <mask> and Winterbottom won the 2013 Bathurst 1000 on their sixth attempt together. It was the first Bathurst victory for Winterbottom and the team, and <mask>' first since 1999.After his success in 2013, <mask> was poached by Triple Eight Race Engineering to drive with Craig Lowndes from 2014 onwards in what

masks: Richards Richards Richards Richards Richards Richards Richards Richards Richards Richards Richards Richards Richards Richards


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 had become known as the Pirtek Enduro Cup. The move brought <mask> a fourth Bathurst victory in 2015. In doing this <mask> joined Lowndes, who along with Tony Longhurst and Jamie Whincup had matched the feat of winning in both a Ford and Holden since <mask> had achieved it, as the only two drivers to win more than one Bathurst 1000 for both Ford and Holden. <mask> won the race again with Lowndes in 2018 winning his Fifth Bathurst crown becoming one of the most successful winners of the great race throughout the current decade and sixth on the all-time list of Bathurst champions. <mask> announced his retirement from Supercars racing after the 2019 season. Endurance racing
<mask> won the inaugural Bathurst 24 Hour race in 2002 driving a Holden Monaro 427C for Garry Rogers Motorsport. <mask> won the race alongside Garth Tander, Cameron McConville and Nathan Pretty.Driving the same car in the 2003 race, the same quartet finished in second place, less than a second behind their teammates Greg Murphy, Todd Kelly, Jason Bright, and Peter Brock, who had formed a famous partnership with his father Jim in the 1970s and 1980s. <mask> competed in the 2014 24 Hours of Spa with Roger Lago, David Russell and Steve Owen, driving a Lamborghini Gallardo LP600+ GT3. They did not finish the race. <mask> has also achieved a class victory at the Bathurst 12 Hour, in 2012. Carrera Cup

After the conclusion of his full-time V8 Supercars career, <mask> entered the Australian Carrera Cup Championship in 2011 in a team backed by Laser Plumbing & Electrical. He consistently became a top-five championship runner since joining the series. His highlight was in 2014 when he won the championship title and broke the stranglehold on the series held by Craig Baird.It was <mask>' first championship title in twenty years. <mask> slipped back in the following two years

masks: Richards Richards Richards Richards Richards Richards Richards Richards Richards Richards Richards Richards


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 before stepping back from the series to focus on his team's entry in the Australian GT Championship. Australian GT
In 2013 and 2014, <mask> competed in selected events of the Australian GT Championship in a Lamborghini Gallardo alongside Justin McMillan. They finished fifth in the 2014 championship. <mask> then made a one-off appearance in the 2015 season in a Chevrolet Camaro. In 2016, <mask> re-joined the series full-time, this time with his own team, <mask> Motorsport. The team became the factory-supported customer entrant for the new BMW M6 GT3 in Australia.The team has also entered two cars in the 2017 Bathurst 12 Hour. Personal life
Before taking up motor racing full-time, <mask> served his apprenticeship as an aircraft engineer. <mask> is married to Angela (m. 1998) and has two children, Clayton (born 2000) and Priya (born 2001). <mask> lives with his family in Melbourne, Victoria. Career results

Supercars Championship results
(Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete Bathurst 1000 results

* Super Touring race

Complete Australian Carrera Cup Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position – 1 point awarded all races) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) (* signifies that driver lead feature race for at least one lap – 1 point awarded)

Complete Bathurst 24 Hour results

Complete Bathurst 12 Hour results

References

External links
 Official Website of <mask>
 Official Laser Racing Porsche Carrera Cup Team Website
 V8 Supercars Official Profile
 Driver Database stats
 Profile on Racing Reference

1972 births
New Zealand racing drivers
Supercars Championship drivers
Living people
Bathurst 1000 winners
Formula Ford drivers
Australian Touring Car Championship drivers
Sportspeople from Auckland
V8SuperTourer drivers
Blancpain Endurance Series drivers
24 Hours of Spa

masks:
Richards
Richards
Richards
Steven Richards
Richards
Richards
Richards
Steven Richards


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Brigadier General <mask> (May 16, 1821 – November 22, 1894) was a Republican politician from Ohio. He resigned from the Ohio State Treasurer's office in disgrace and redeemed his reputation in war. He was brevetted Brigadier General of the Union Army's 49th Ohio Volunteer Infantry during the American Civil War. Early life
<mask> was born at Cross Creek Township, Jefferson County, Ohio on May 16, 1821 to <mask> (1778–1852) and <mask> (née Coe) (1782–1850). He was raised in a family that valued hard work, plain dress, temperance and sympathy for the unfortunate and opposed slavery and "social gilded livery." The <mask> family also placed special attention on developing good oratory and debating skills and held a regular family debating circle during the long winter evenings. On his mother's side, <mask> was descended from Robert Coe who arrived in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1634 aboard the ship the Francis.On his father's side, he was of Scotch-Irish descent, the grandson of Colonel <mask>, commanding officer of Virginia's 7th Regiment during the American Revolutionary War, Secretary of the Territory of Indiana (1800–1810), and Acting Governor of Indiana (1811–1813). <mask> <mask> was known to everyone except his mother as "Bill." He was the tenth of 11 children. He had five brothers and five older sisters (Sally, Polly, Hetty, Patty, Eliza, Robert McDowell, Moses Coe, John Kendall, Benjamin, and James Allen). <mask>'s father purchased 320 acres from the Federal Government in Seneca County, Ohio in 1821. When he was only four months old, the <mask> family moved to Seneca County from Jefferson County. The family settled in Melmore, Ohio.At the time, it was still a wooded frontier and home to Seneca and Mohawk Indians. Both sides

masks:
William Harvey Gibson
William Harvey Gibson
John Gibson
Jeannette Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
John Gibson
William Harvey
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson


texts: of the family were Presbyterians and <mask> recalls being baptized with ten Indian children by Rev. James B. Findley with the ceremony being translated by the Indian interpreter "Black Jack." <mask> also recalls hearing Chief "Grey Eyes" preach. In the 1820s, the <mask> brothers took their corn for milling at the mill that the U.S. government built for the Wyandotte Indians on the Upper Sandusky River. <mask> attended the first school organized in Seneca County, Ohio in 1826 with his brothers Robert, Benjamin and James Allen. It was located in the second room of James Latham's log cabin and the teacher was Mrs. Laura Latham.The Lathams later donated land and asked the community to help build a one-room log schoolhouse, which became known as Craw's Hill School. It was run by Headmaster Edward Ranger. Among <mask>'s early schoolmates were Anson Burlingame (diplomat), Consul Wilshire Butterfield (author and historian), O. D. Conger (U.S. Congressman and U.S. Senator from Michigan), and Charles Foster (35th Governor of Ohio and U.S. Secretary of the Treasury). In his late teens, <mask> was eager to explore the American West. Together with his brother Robert McDowell <mask> and his neighbors John Kennedy and James Downs, he formed an exploration party that traveled west to explore the Territory of Iowa.The trip was a disaster with Kennedy and Downs dying by the time they reached Iowa City. The <mask> brothers returned to Melmore, Ohio. It would be their youngest brother James Allen <mask> who would explore the West and settle in Kansas. Bill and his brother Robert McDowell <mask> (who would later become a practicing M.D. ), enrolled in Ashland Academy in Richland County, Ohio in 1841. (The school later became Ashland University and

masks: Gibson Gibson Gibson Gibson Gibson Gibson Gibson Gibson Gibson Gibson


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 Ashland Theological Seminary). Here, he honed his debating and oratory skills, becoming known for his strong position on temperance.He learned the carpenters trade, and studied law. Early Legal and Political career
In 1841 when <mask> <mask> petitioned the law firm of Rawson & Pennington to join their firm, he was following in the steps of his older brother John Kendall <mask> who had studied law at Washington & Jefferson College and during the U.S. Presidential campaign of 1840, campaigned alongside General <mask> Harrison. Bill (<mask><mask> and Warren P. Noble (later a prosecuting attorney, judge and U.S. Congressman) studied law together under Abel Rawson. <mask> was admitted to the Ohio bar and his first case was defending a client against racial slurs before Judge Reuben Wood. <mask> became involved in politics as a member of the Whig Party with strong anti-slavery views. During the U.S. Presidential campaign of 1844, he gave stump speeches for Henry Clay due to the Whig Party's platform that opposed admitting Texas into the Union because it was a slave state.In the U.S. Presidential campaign of 1848, <mask> supported Whig candidate, "Rough and Ready" General Zachary Taylor. However, he was concerned about the Whig Party's lack of opposition to the abolition of slavery and personally visited Henry Clay at his home in Ashland, Kentucky in 1848 to discuss this issue. He lost as a Whig candidate for Ohio Attorney General in 1853. In 1853, following the large defeat of the Whig candidate General Winfield Scott in the U.S. Presidential election of 1852, <mask> threw his support to the Free Soil Party and began organizing what would become the Republican Party in Ohio. He attended the first organization meeting of the Republican

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 Party in spring of 1856 in Pittsburgh. He was one of the 69 Ohio delegates (of a total 600 delegates from around the country) that attended the first Republican National Convention held in Philadelphia in June 1856. In 1856, he ran and was elected as the first Republican to hold the office of Ohio State Treasurer.State Treasurer

In 1855, <mask> ran for Ohio State Treasurer, defeating the incumbent Democrat, John G. Breslin. Breslin was a fellow Tiffin resident, and was related by marriage to <mask>. <mask> was inducted into the office January 14, 1856, and resigned June 13, 1857. <mask> found that the treasury was short several hundred thousand dollars when he entered office. He confronted Breslin, who assured him that the money would be made good. Breslin noted that his predecessor, Albert A. Bliss had been $65,000 short, and had made it up. He intended to do the same.When the Breslin Treasury Defalcation became public, <mask> was forced to resign. An indignation meeting of leading politicians in the streets of Columbus denounced Breslin and <mask>. A commission appointed to investigate found <mask>'s crime was not in taking money for himself, but in participating in a cover-up. Breslin had moved to Canada to avoid prosecution, and <mask> returned to Tiffin and opened a law office. Civil War General, Commander of the Union Army's 49th Ohio Volunteer Infantry

On July 25, 1861, <mask> had a large recruiting poster printed:

<mask> entered service July 31, 1861, and by August 31 was named Colonel of the Forty-Ninth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry. <mask> was the 49th Ohio Infantry's commanding officer throughout the U.S. Civil War. In August and September 1861, he organized and trained the 49th Ohio Infantry at Camp Noble, near

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 his home in Tiffin, Ohio.With <mask> in command, the regiment was mustered for three years and fought at 42 Civil War battles including: the Battle of Shiloh, the Siege of Corinth, the Battle of Stone River, the Tullahoma Campaign, the Battle of Chickamauga, the Battle of Missionary Ridge, the Atlanta Campaign, the Battle of Resaca, the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain, the Siege of Atlanta, the Battle of Jonesboro, the Second Battle of Franklin, and the Battle of Nashville. <mask> was known amongst his soldiers for his leadership, his positive speeches, and willingness to personally command in battle. At the Battle of Shiloh he had three horses shot from under him and was wounded by bayonet. <mask> was mustered out September 5, 1864, and brevetted Brigadier General March 13, 1865. Whitelaw Reid summarized <mask>'s service in the American Civil War thusly:

In his home town of Tiffin, Ohio <mask> is commemorated for his leadership during the U.S. Civil with a bronze statue known as the <mask> <mask> Monument, located on the grounds of the Seneca County Courthouse. Funding for this statue came from state funds and also from donations made by his soldiers. After the Civil War
Following the Civil War, General <mask> returned to civilian life to practice law.In 1868, <mask> was nominated for Ohio's 9th congressional district, but lost to Democrat Edward F. Dickinson, with his biographer alleging voting fraud. In 1871, he laid out the town of Gibsonburg in Sandusky County, Ohio. He continued as active stump speaker in support of Republican candidates. In the 1880s, <mask> was made a preacher of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and was appointed Ohio Adjutant General by Governor Foster. In 1887, Ohio Governor Joseph B. Foraker appointed him

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 to the Ohio Canal Commission. Legacy
<mask> <mask> is best remembered for his eloquent oratory during at a difficult period in U.S. history. Abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe said that she had "listened to many of the most gifted orators of Europe and America, but have never listened to such eloquence as poured forth for two hours and half as from the lips of <mask><mask>, of Ohio."At <mask>'s funeral in 1894, <mask>, who at the time was Governor of Ohio (1892–1896, and later U.S. President, 1897–1901) made the eulogy. McKinley also noted <mask>'s gift for oratory saying that,

For fifty years, <mask> has been the most attractive and sought after of public speakers. On the lecture platform, at hundreds of Grand Army camp-fires, and in the pulpit, wherever duty called him, General <mask> made fitting responses. ... I am here, to pay tribute to the man I loved so much. The last time I heard him was at Old Fort, the Sunday before Memorial day. He was never more eloquent.General <mask> believed the two most important things in life were piety and patriotism. In his creed they were linked in indissoluble union. His piety was broad enough to include every creed and his patriotism wide enough to cover the whole country.Bigger 1901 : 468

He was interred in Greenlawn Cemetery. On May 25, 1847, <mask> was married in the Presbyterian Church to Martha Matilda Creeger of Tiffin, who was born in Maryland. Notes

References

External links

1821 births
1894 deaths
Ohio Republicans
Ashland University alumni
Ohio Whigs
19th-century American politicians
Ohio Free Soilers
People of Ohio in the American Civil War
Union Army colonels
State treasurers of Ohio
People from Tiffin, Ohio
Ohio lawyers
People from Jefferson County, Ohio
19th-century

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texts: <mask> (born 1 April 1968) is a Finnish politician who served as the Prime Minister of Finland from 2014 to 2015. He rose to politics as a researcher specialized in the affairs of the European Union and was elected to the European Parliament in 2004 as a member of the National Coalition Party. In 2008, <mask> was appointed as Minister for Foreign Affairs following a scandal surrounding his predecessor, Ilkka Kanerva. In 2011 <mask> stood for election to the Finnish Parliament for the first time and was elected MP with the second highest vote count in the election, which led to <mask> becoming the Minister for Europe and Foreign Trade in Jyrki Katainen's cabinet. When Katainen stepped down as Prime Minister and Chairman of the National Coalition Party in 2014, <mask> was elected as party chairman. He went on to form a five party government coalition, and was officially appointed Prime Minister by President Sauli Niinistö on 24 June. In the election held in April 2015, <mask>'s National Coalition Party lost its status as the largest party, coming in as second in vote share and third in seats.After coalition negotiations between the winning Center Party, Finns Party and National Coalition Party, <mask> was appointed Minister of Finance on 29 May 2015 by newly elected Prime Minister Juha Sipilä. In 2016, <mask>'s leadership was challenged from within the party by MP Elina Lepomäki and Minister of Interior Petteri Orpo. On 11 June <mask> lost the leadership election against Orpo in the party conference. After declining ministerial positions, <mask> went on to continue as a Member of Parliament. In June 2017, he was chosen as the Vice-President of the European Investment Bank, after the previous representative from Finland Jan Vapaavuori had vacated the seat. In October 2018, <mask> announced his candidacy for the EPP nomination for President of the European Commission in the 2019 European Parliament election, but ultimately lost in an election against Manfred Weber. After <mask>'s term at the European Investment Bank ended in January 2020, he was chosen as the

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 Director and Professor of the School of Transnational Governance at the European University Institute.Background

Bilingual childhood
<mask> was born in Helsinki into a bilingual family; his father was a native Swedish speaker and his mother a native Finnish speaker. <mask> spoke both languages at home. His father Göran <mask> worked in the business of professional ice hockey and was the CEO of the Finnish Ice Hockey Association from  1976 to 1983. Education
In 1986 <mask> graduated from Mainland High School in Daytona Beach, Florida and, two years later, graduated from the Gymnasiet Lärkan in Helsinki. After completing his military service, he won a golf scholarship to Furman University in South Carolina. At Furman, <mask> studied political science and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1993. The following year he studied French and obtained a Diploma in French Language and Civilisation from the Sorbonne in Paris.<mask> speaks five languages: Swedish, Finnish, English, French and German. In 1995 <mask> graduated as a Master of Arts in European Affairs from the College of Europe, Belgium. He then studied for the degree of PhD in the International Relations Department at the London School of Economics and Political Science, under the supervision of William Wallace, and gained his doctorate in June 1999. Wallace later said: "LSE has had a number of extremely bright Finnish students in recent years – but Alex was one of the most outstanding." <mask>'s thesis was called Flexible Integration and the Amsterdam Treaty: negotiating differentiation in the 1996–97 IGC (the 1996–97 Intergovernmental Conference of the European Union). Early career
Between 1995 and 1997, <mask> was a researcher at the Finnish Foreign Office, and then at the Academy of Finland from 1997 to 1999. In 1997 he began to work also as a columnist.From 1999 to 2001, <mask> was a researcher in Finland's representation in the European Union in Brussels, and a member of the Finnish government's delegation to the intergovernmental negotiations for the Treaty of Nice. In 2000, he became a

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 lecturer at the College of Europe. Following the IGC's conclusion in 2001 he became an adviser to the President of the European Commission (then Romano Prodi) and a member of the Commission Task Force on the European Convention. In 2003 he returned to Finland's representation to the EU as a special expert and to the intergovernmental negotiations, this time for the European Constitution. When that ended in 2004, he stood for the National Coalition Party in the election to the European Parliament. Wife and children
<mask> lived in Genval, Belgium, with his wife, Suzanne Innes-<mask>, who is a British lawyer, until they moved to Tapiola, Espoo. She works for the media group Sanoma.They have two children, a daughter and son. Sports enthusiast
A "confessed sports nut", <mask> regularly competes in marathons and triathlons and has finished Ironman Triathlons. In his 2012 Frankfurt Ironman, he competed with "Iron Birds Finland", a team of 18 people competing to support leukemia research. In Ironman Sweden (in Kalmar) in 2013, <mask>'s time was 9:55'47. <mask> ran his marathon record, 3:11:24, in the 2014 Berlin Marathon. European Parliament (2004–2008)
<mask> served as an MEP for Finland from 2004 to 2008. He was elected in 2004 with 115,225 votes (the second highest number of votes in Finland for that election) as a member of the National Coalition Party.As that party was a member of the EPP, he sat in the European People's Party-European Democrats group. During this time he became one of the most well-known members of the Parliament. <mask> was a member of the Committee on Budgetary Control and a vice-president of the Committee on Internal Market and Consumer Protection. He was a substitute member of the Committee on Constitutional Affairs and the Delegation to the EU-Turkey Joint Parliamentary Committee (as of August 2007). In 2006 he wrote a report for the Parliament on the EU's interpretation costs, which was adopted by the Parliament. He called for greater awareness of the costs of translation, which he calculated as 511 million euros in 2005 for the

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 Parliament, Commission and Council together. Despite the costs and the need for some changes, he underlined that multilingualism is one of the EU's main assets.<mask> was Vice-President of European Parliament Intergroup on LGBT Rights. Minister for Foreign Affairs (2008–2011)

On 1 April 2008, <mask>'s 40th birthday, the Finnish government announced that <mask> would be appointed as its new Minister for Foreign Affairs following a scandal surrounding his predecessor, Ilkka Kanerva. <mask> was sworn in on 4 April. The decision to appoint him was unanimous and his seat in the European Parliament was taken up by Sirpa Pietikäinen, a former environment minister. On his appointment, <mask> was described as a competent politician and a supporter of Finland's accession to NATO, stating that he does not understand Finland's non-alignment policy. In July 2010, <mask> invited the head of Al-Jazeera Wadah Khanfar and former President Martti Ahtisaari to discuss about the role of media in conflict resolution. In October 2010, <mask> visited the Middle East and discussed the Middle Eastern conflict with U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.In 2010 <mask> and Sweden's Minister for Foreign Affairs Carl Bildt proposed the European Institute of Peace. They developed a joint non-paper that was addressed to EU High Representative Catherine Ashton. They referred to the limits of traditional diplomacy and emphasised the added value that capacities beyond those available to high-level decision-makers could have. At the same time, the idea of a European Institute of Peace gained increasing attention among members of the European Parliament (MEP) and was particularly supported by German MEP Franziska Brantner and French MEP Alain Lamassoure. The institute was founded in 2014. In 2011 when <mask> was Foreign Minister, leaked diplomatic cables from the US embassy in Helsinki released by Wikileaks stated that Jori Arvonen, Senior Political Adviser to Foreign Minister <mask>, had predicted that the National Coalition Party would aspire to lead Finland to NATO during the next

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 parliamentary term. Stubb brought attention to issues of disabled people.In 2010 <mask> and Finnish sign language rapper Signmark - who had become the first deaf person to sign a recording contract with an international record company - worked together to organize Silent Shout event to support sign language speakers. <mask> and Signmark also later collaborated for bringing attention to disabled people in international forums. <mask> does not believe the President of Finland needs to attend meetings of the European Council in addition to the Prime Minister. Jyrki Katainen, the Finnish Finance Minister and chairman of National Coalition Party, supported <mask> stating he was surprising, courageous and that he "puts a smile on one's face". As the Foreign Minister of Finland, <mask> was the Chairman-in-Office of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe from 5 April 2008 to 31 December 2008. The Russo-Georgian War occurred during this period, and OSCE brokered an agreement to send military observers to the area. In January 2011 <mask> and EU Foreign Commissioner Catherine Ashton worked together to help hundreds of beaten and imprisoned opposition activists in Belarus.During the 2011 Egyptian revolution, <mask> expressed hope that power in Egypt will be transferred to a democratically elected government as fast as possible and without violence. Minister for European Affairs and Foreign Trade (2011–2014)

In 2011 <mask> stood for election to the Finnish Parliament for the first time and was elected MP. He was the second-most-popular candidate in the election, in which the National Coalition Party became the largest party. In the government negotiations the Foreign Affairs ministerial portfolio went to the Social Democrats. <mask> became Minister for Europe and Foreign Trade in Jyrki Katainen's cabinet. During Euromaidan, <mask> argued that money should be used as a force for good in geo-political relations, stating: "As I have said before, money is the best peace mediator“  and “Money should be given the Nobel Peace Prize”. (As Prime Minister he


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 would later change his stance after further escalation in Eastern Ukraine, describing EU's sanctions against Russia necessary.)<mask> stated that the sanctions against Russia won't be removed until Russia has met the requirements set by the EU. Prime Minister (2014–2015)

When Jyrki Katainen stepped down as Prime Minister and Chairman of the National Coalition Party, <mask> was elected as party chairman in June 2014 over his two rivals, Paula Risikko and Jan Vapaavuori. He formed a five party government coalition, and was officially appointed Prime Minister by President Sauli Niinistö on 24 June. One of the challenges the new Prime Minister faced is the relationship between Finland and neighboring Russia. This has always been a difficult issue for Finland, as it affects Finland's willingness to become a NATO member. The recent crisis in Ukraine as well as the dispute over free trade between Russia and Finland has made the issue thornier. <mask> supported the proposal to implement basic income experiments in the country.In November 2014, <mask> organized Northern Future Forum, a meeting of Prime Ministers of Northern Europe, in Startup Sauna in Aalto University campus. In March 2015, <mask> invited companies and officials to an event to discuss industrial Internet and Internet of Things. In the election held in April 2015 Stubb's National Coalition Party lost its status as the largest party, coming in as second in vote share and third in seats. Coalition negotiations began on 8 May between the winning Center Party, Finns Party and National Coalition Party. He resigned from the office days after the election and left office on 29 May 2015. Minister of Finance (2015–2016)

<mask> was appointed Minister of Finance on 29 May 2015 by newly elected Prime Minister Juha Sipilä. <mask> has demanded "structural reforms, structural reforms and more structural reforms".In November 2015, <mask> said at the Finnish Parliament that about 90 percent of the Finnish authoritatives supported introduction of administrative registration. However, it was revealed that in

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 reality only about 10 percent of them supported it. <mask>'s term as Minister of Finance drew criticism due to his perceived insensitivity towards the effects of the spending cuts he introduced, which affected the Finnish welfare state and public education system. An instance of <mask> and Sipilä bumping fists after the end of a conference that announced a deal between Finnish trade unions and the Confederation of Finnish Industries was interpreted as a sign of mockery towards the trade  unions. In November and December 2015, <mask> was in the middle of a scandal when he was accused of lying to Finnish Parliament consistently and deliberately. In November, <mask> had said to Parliament that 90 percent of the experts who had given a statement were supporting the government's pact to make it possible for Finns to own publicly listed companies' stock through nominee accounts. The real number was 10 percent, opposite of what <mask> had said.Chancellor of Justice Jaakko Jonkka received multiple complaints over Stubb. In his reply, Jonkka stated that <mask>'s mistake in numbers wasn't deliberate, but was rather an unfortunate, whilst understandable, result of a fast-paced discussion over a policy draft. Partly as a result of a series of <mask>'s gaffes, such as insensitive tweets, in spring 2016, MP Elina Lepomäki and Minister of Interior Petteri Orpo announced that they would challenge <mask> in June's party conference. On 11 June <mask> lost the election against Orpo, who became the new leader of the National Coalition Party. Orpo soon announced that he would take <mask>'s seat as the Minister of Finance. In return, he offered <mask> the role of Minister for European Affairs and Foreign Trade, but <mask> declined and decided to continue as a Member of Parliament. After politics
On 15 June 2017, <mask> was chosen as the Vice-President of the European Investment Bank, after the previous representative from Finland Jan Vapaavuori had vacated the seat.He left his duties in the Parliament on 30 July 2017 in order to assume his new position. <mask> later

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 commented that he had no interest in returning to the Finnish politics, but could be interested in running for the presidency of the European Commission or European Council. In June 2017, <mask> was nominated by Martti Ahtisaari to assume the leadership of the Crisis Management Initiative, non-governmental organisation that works to prevent and resolve conflicts. His position was confirmed by the board on 29 November 2017. On 2 October 2018, <mask> launched his bid for presidency of the European Commission as the lead candidate of the European People's Party. On 8 November 2018, <mask> lost in EPP's Spitzenkandidat election against Manfred Weber, the group leader for the European People's Party in the European Parliament. In January 2020, as <mask>'s term at the European Investment Bank was ending, he was chosen as the Director and Professor of the School of Transnational Governance-based within the European University Institute in Florence, Italy.He will start in the position on 1 May 2020. Political views
<mask> is a proponent of deepening European integration. When he was the Minister for Foreign Affairs in 2008, <mask> gave a speech in which he argued in favour of the EU taking an active role in international politics. He noted that while the EU is the world's largest economy, it is not a superpower but a regional soft power. When running for party leadership in 2014, he described himself as an "academic federalist", although "in practice a functionalist" with regard to the EU. <mask>, for example, opposes eurobonds. He also insisted that he is no longer the "pure federalist" that he used to be when he was a researcher.<mask> has expressed his support for Turkey's EU membership in 2010. He warned that Brexit could pose a "Lehman Brothers moment" that could lead to the collapse of the EU. <mask> believes Finland should apply for membership of NATO. <mask> is seen as a representative of the National Coalition Party's liberal wing. He has characterized himself as a "liberal" and "moderate liberal". <mask> wants to bring about a "more positive way of

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 doing politics". He believes everyone should be appreciated and respected even when there are disagreements.He supports same-sex marriage and has been the patron of Helsinki's Pride parade. He supports multiculturalism and believes that increasing immigration is necessary. <mask> believes that the most important political divide in modern politics is that between the supporters (like himself) and opponents of globalisation. Other work
An active columnist, <mask> has stated that he has "always been of the opinion that matters must be discussed openly and honestly". Since his professorship at the College of Europe, <mask> has published 16 books, dozens of academic articles, and hundreds of columns. In 2016, <mask> started to write columns for the Financial Times. Stubb maintains a blog.He is also one of the most active Twitter users among European leaders. He has co-authored an e-book in Finnish about what to do on Twitter. His book Alaston totuus ja muita kirjoituksia suomalaisista ja eurooppalaisista – The Naked Truth and other stories about Finns and Europeans (), a collection of his columns for the Finnair in-flight magazine Blue Wings, was published in a bilingual Finnish–English edition by WSOY in 2009. <mask> has received the Schwarzkopf Foundation prize. Electoral history

European Parliament elections

Finland Parliamentary elections

Cabinets
 Stubb Cabinet

References

External links

 Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Minister for Foreign Affairs, <mask>

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1968 births
Living people
Politicians from Helsinki
Swedish-speaking Finns
National Coalition Party politicians
Prime Ministers of Finland
Ministers for Foreign Affairs of Finland
Ministers of Finance of Finland
Members of the Parliament of Finland (2011–15)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (2015–19)
National Coalition Party MEPs
MEPs for Finland 2004–2009
Alumni of the London School of Economics
College of Europe alumni
College of Europe faculty
Furman University alumni
Paris-Sorbonne University alumni
Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, 1st

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texts: Daniel McDevitt (born October 19, 1973), best known by his ring name <mask>, is a semi-retired American professional wrestler, trainer and promoter. His career spans over a decade working in numerous independent promotions throughout the United States including the American Wrestling Federation, Extreme Championship Wrestling, Cueball Carmichael's Independent Professional Wrestling Alliance, Doug Flex's International Pro Wrestling, Independent Superstars of Professional Wrestling, House of Pain Wrestling Federation / National Wrestling League, and the National Wrestling Alliance. He was a well-known "heel" in the mid-to late 1990s, especially in the Mid-Atlantic region as a top star in the Mid-Eastern Wrestling Federation, and engaged in feuds with Johnny Gunn, Axl Rotten, Stevie Richards and Adam Flash on the East Coast. He occasionally appeared in the World Wrestling Federation, as both an in-ring character and preliminary wrestler, during the "Attitude Era". In 1998, McDevitt and Mark "The Shark" Shrader, then owners of the "Bone Breakers Pro Wrestling Training Center" in Halethorpe, Maryland, left the MEWF to form Maryland Championship Wrestling starting a 5-year rivalry which would last until MCW's close in 2003. A graduate of the Baltimore Monster Factory, where he was trained by Axl and Ian Rotten, McDevitt's "Bone Breakers" students include WWE's Lita, Mickie James, Orlando Jordan and Florida Championship Wrestling star Calvin Raines. McDevitt reopened MCW in 2006 where he resumed his long-running feud with Adam Flash, and later, Zachary


texts:
 Shane.It was the latter feud which revolved around the real-life affair between Shane and McDevitt's now ex-wife Kim McDevitt. He gradually cut back his in-ring activity after 2008 but has continued to make on-camera appearances as MCW's owner. In recent years, he has become involved in more "behind-the-scenes" positions within the industry. In 2011, he was hired by the Urban Wrestling Federation as an agent and associate producer for its debut pay-per-view event. That same year, he also accepted a position as a guest columnist for the South Carolina newspaper Lexington Patch where he maintains a professional wrestling blog. Outside of pro wrestling, McDevitt maintains a successful career as a Baltimore-area real estate agent. Career

Mid-Eastern Wrestling Federation (1993–1996)
Dan McDevitt was born and raised in Catonsville, Maryland.A wrestling fan since age 10, he decided to become a professional wrestler after graduating high school. He was trained by Axl and Ian Rotten at the Baltimore Monster Factory and made his pro debut on November 14, 1993. Within a year, he was wrestling full-time for Mid-Eastern Wrestling Federation under the name "The Comet" (and later "The Ultimate Comet"). On May 11, 1994, in his hometown of Catonsville, McDevitt teamed with Road Warrior Hawk to win the MEWF Tag Team Championship from The Hollywood Hunks (Lucifer and "Hollywood" Bob Starr). The following night, he defeated Joe Thunder for the MEWF Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Championship in Hampstead, Maryland. It was around this time that he began wrestling as


texts: "<mask> Punishment" and won the MEWF Heavyweight Championship from Mad Dog O'Malley in Baltimore on March 26, 1995; he won the title after O'Malley had put out an open challenge to the MEWF locker room. It was also during the year that branched out to other promotions in the region.In 1995 alone, he wrestled Morgus the Maniac in the National Wrestling League, the Cuban Assassin in NWA New Jersey, and Doink the Clown (portrayed by Gino Caruso) at a National Wrestling Alliance show for Dennis Coraluzzo at the Rutgers Campus. McDevitt held both titles for over a month before dropping the Mid-Atlantic belt to Raven, helped by his valet Isis, in Essex on April 23. He eventually gained his revenge for the loss by interfering in a title defense between Raven and Chad Austin on October 1, 1995, costing Raven to lose the belt; He regained the Mid-Atlantic title from Austin, beating him for the championship a month later, before the title was vacated. McDevitt lost the heavyweight championship to Jim "The Anvil" Neidhart at that same event, however, he won it back from Neidhart in Catonsville on November 10, 1995. His loss to Joe Thunder less than a month later ended his second title reign. He had one more final run as MEWF Mid-Atlantic Champion after defeating Johnny Gunn for the vacant title on February 26, 1996; he and Gunn feuded in other East Coast promotions during this time such as Wild Organization of Wrestling in Martinsburg, West Virginia. He successfully defended the title against Ricky Blues, among others, and in a three-way dance involving