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 enable better co-ordination and a uniform response in the event the country is faced with security threats, and that the law does not contravene the basic human rights guaranteed under the federal constitution. Economic policy

New Economic Model

On 2 May 2009, Prime Minister <mask> Tun <mask> announced the government's plan to develop a New Economic Model that will speed Malaysia's transition to a high-income country. The plan will emphasise ways to increase the income and productivity of workers by encouraging knowledge industries and increasing investment from overseas. Reform of government subsidies

Najib has started to implement comprehensive reform of government subsidies. On 16 July 2010, subsidies for petrol, diesel and LPG were cut as part of Malaysia's general programme of reducing and rationalising subsidies per the 10th Malaysia Plan and the New Economic Model.The government believes it will save RM 750 million by the end of 2010 through these measures with little negative impact on most citizens. Sugar and fuel subsidies were selected for reform because they disproportionately benefit the wealthy and foreigners, encourage over-consumption and create opportunities for fraud and smuggling. The Prime Minister expressed his hope that Malaysians would adopt a healthier lifestyle. He said, "there is no logic in the government allocating subsidies worth almost RM1 billion on a commodity that could endanger the people's health". Responding to concerns about how these reforms might affect the poor, the Prime Minister's Office pointed out that Malaysia will still be spending RM 7.82 billion per year on fuel and sugar subsidies and that prices for these commodities would remain the lowest in Southeast Asia. The government also stated that education and health care would continue receiving state support. Economic

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 liberalisation
Malaysia has implemented substantial measures to attract foreign investment including a moderation of preferences designed to benefit ethnic Malays.Specifically these reforms include allowing foreign investors to hold majority stakes in most enterprises excluding "strategic" industries such as banking, telecommunications, and energy, easing insurance regulation, curtailing powers of the Foreign Investment Committee and lowering the minimum quota for Malay ownership in publicly traded companies from 30 percent to 12.5 percent. As he introduced the reforms <mask> stated, "The world is changing quickly and we must be ready to change with it or risk being left behind." Since these reforms have been implemented, the American banking firms Goldman Sachs and Citigroup have been granted permission to expand their operations in Malaysia. Goldman Sachs received licenses to set up fund management and advisory operations. Citigroup has obtained a permit to offer brokerage services. The approval of these licenses is a sharp break from Malaysia's history of domestically dominated and tightly regulated markets for financial services. The International Institute for Management Development responded to these and other reforms by increasing Malaysia's ranking to the 10th-most competitive economy in the world in 2010 from 18th in 2009.Malaysia, which is now ranked fifth in the Asia Pacific region, scored well in business and government efficiency. Economists attributed the rise of Malaysia's ranking to the efforts of the Malaysian government to improve the country's business environment such as the New Economic Model, the Government Transformation Programme and the Economic Transformation Programme. Stimulus packages
The Malaysian government passed two stimulus packages to mitigate the effects of the global economic downturn.


texts:
 The first stimulus package, worth RM 7 billion, was announced on 4 November 2008. The second package, worth RM 60 billion, was announced on 10 March 2009. Since assuming office as Prime Minister, <mask> has been monitoring the progress of the stimulus packages on a weekly basis. Government economists believe that the stimulus packages have successfully generated increased economic activity, especially in the construction sector.Malaysia's central bank reported that Malaysia's economy grew at an annualised rate of 9.5% during the first half of 2010. Prime Minister <mask> says the country is on track to meet the 6% average annual growth to reach its goal of becoming a developed country by 2020. Commenting on this same economic data <mask> said that as of August 2010 there were no plans for further economic stimulus. Rather he said the government would focus on improving Malaysia's economic fundamentals and increasing investment. Foreign policy and state visits

Palestine

The government of Malaysia has long been a strong supporter of the Palestinian cause against the Israeli occupation of the West Bank. Malaysia also supports unity between the Palestinian Fatah and Hamas factions. <mask> visited the West Bank with his wife Rosmah Mansor, escorted by senior officers of the Malaysian government.<mask> <mask> became the first Muslim leader from South East Asia to set foot on Palestinian soil. <mask> says Palestinians can count on Malaysia, but for there to be lasting peace, Hamas and Fatah must unite to safeguard the safety and security of the Palestinian people. Malaysia will give Palestine the moral, financial and political support it needs to rise above its struggles, but securing a future of lasting peace hinges on the Palestinians being united. <mask> <mask> also stated that for Palestine to move towards having a future it

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 envisioned, Palestinians would have to take the first step – to unite among themselves. United States

Prime Minister <mask> <mask>'s visit in September 2017 to the United States on the invitation of President Donald Trump successfully strengthened the Comprehensive Partnership that was established between Malaysia and the United States in 2014. <mask> enjoyed a close personal relationship with then US President Barack Obama and managed to upgrade Malaysia-US relations to a ‘comprehensive partnership’ in contrast to the strained relationship between both countries under the rule of former Prime Minister Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad, who was critical of the United States. Prime Minister <mask> and President Barack Obama met just before the Nuclear Security Summit in Washington on 12 April 2010.This was their first one-on-one meeting. During their talk, Obama sought further assistance from Malaysia in stemming nuclear proliferation which Obama described as the greatest threat to world security. During the summit, <mask> stressed that Malaysia only supported nuclear programmes designed for peaceful purposes. <mask>'s attendance at the summit was part of a week-long official visit to the United States. India

Prime Minister <mask> travelled to India on a five-day state visit in January 2010. His 200-strong entourage included cabinet ministers, deputy ministers, state government officials, members of parliament, and prominent business leaders. During his visit, <mask> pushed for a free-trade agreement and co-operation across a wide range of fields.Najib and Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh signed an extradition treaty and agreements to co-operate in the areas of higher education and finance. The two countries agreed to sign a free-trade agreement before the end of 2010 and Najib called for signing a "Comprehensive Economic

masks: Najib Razak Najib Najib Najib Najib Najib Najib


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 Cooperation Agreement" by the same date. These economic agreements have resulted in plans for RM 1.6 trillion in investment for Malaysia. In January 2010, <mask> announced plans to develop a new visa regime for Indian nationals, specifically for managers and knowledge workers to visit Malaysia. Singapore

Najib made a two-day visit to Singapore, on 21–22 May 2009. During the visit, both Najib and Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong agreed to move bilateral relations forward in a more productive manner and will either set aside or resolve the "legacy" problems between the two countries. During a speech in Singapore, <mask> said he hoped his visit would signal "the beginning of a new era" between the two countries.in 2010 <mask> resolved a key diplomatic problem between the two countries by ending the impasse over transportation links and Singaporean investment in Iskandar Malaysia. Prime Minister <mask> and Lee Hsien Loong, Prime Minister of Singapore, have agreed to modify the Points of Agreement signed in 1990. Specifically, the two sides have promised to move the KTM railway station from Tanjung Pagar to Woodlands, set up a joint venture to be called M-S Pte Ltd to develop Marina One, and DUO in Bugis but the railway tracks were replaced by the "Green Corridor", develop a rapid transit and high-speed rail links, and allow Temasek and Khazanah to set up a joint venture for the purpose of developing a town in Iskandar Malaysia. South Korea

Najib attended the ASEAN-South Korea Summit on 1 June 2009 hosted by South Korean President Lee Myung Bak. During the summit, the ASEAN-Korea Investment Agreement was signed to boost economic and trade relations between ASEAN and South Korea After the summit, <mask> said Malaysia is keen on emulating South Korea in developing a small-scale nuclear reactor for power generation, as

masks: Najib Najib Najib Najib Najib


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 well as South Korea's other low-carbon green technology. China

Najib made a four-day visit to China on 2–5 June 2009. During the visit, <mask> mentioned his family's special relationship with China, noting that his father, and Malaysia's second Prime Minister, first established diplomatic relations with China in 1974.During the visit, several substantive issues were discussed in meetings between <mask> and Chinese President Hu Jintao and Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao. The two sides signed an endorsed strategic action plan covering 13 major areas, which will serve as the guideline for relations between Malaysia and China. <mask> described the trip as most fruitful. <mask> also received an honorary doctorate in international relations from the Beijing Foreign Studies University. Indonesia

<mask> made a visit to Indonesia on 22–24 April 2009. Several issues were discussed, including co-operation in the tourism, oil and gas, and high-technology industries, as well as electricity supply from the Bakun dam to Kalimantan. <mask> and his entourage also attended an official dinner hosted by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and his wife Ani Yudhoyono.New Zealand

Under <mask>'s government, Malaysia signed a free-trade agreement (FTA) with New Zealand on 26 October 2009 to take effect 1 August 2010. The agreement will reduce or eliminate tariffs on thousands of industrial and agricultural products. The two countries have also agreed to reciprocate most-favoured nation status in private education, engineering services, environmental protection, mining services and information technology. Myanmar
In a protest rally in December 2016, <mask> criticized the Myanmar authorities for military crackdown on Rohingya Muslims, and described the ongoing persecution as "genocide". Philippines and the Moro people of Mindanao

The Moro

masks: Najib Najib Najib Najib Najib Najib Najib Najib


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 Islamic Liberation Front has always favoured Malaysia as a mediator in their effort of becoming an autonomous state. On 15 October 2012, the Moro rebel and the Philippines authority has devised a peace agreement to maintain the safety and security of the nation. Malaysia plays an important part in making this particular notion to be accepted by both parties.During the official ceremony of signing the agreement, the Malaysian government was invited as a witness to the long due treaty. Malaysia plays an important part, not just as a mediator but also as a confidante for both the Philippines government and also the rebel. 14th Malaysian general election
Malaysia held its 14th general election in May 2018. Barisan Nasional was dealt a surprising defeat, failing to win a majority for the first time in the country's history. Observers credited the unpopular Goods and Services Tax as well as the swirling 1MDB corruption scandal as key factors in the defeat. Post-premiership
<mask> accepted the defeat and pledged to facilitate a smooth transfer of power. On 12 May 2018, three days after he lost the general elections, a flight manifest stated that <mask> and his wife, Rosmah were taking a private jet to Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport in Jakarta.In response, the Immigration Department, upon the orders of Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, imposed a travel ban barring their exit from the country. Amidst the country's mood turning against him, <mask> resigned as the leader of UMNO and Barisan Nasional on the same day. The newly elected Pakatan Harapan government swiftly reopened investigations into the 1MDB scandal. Since 16 May 2018, the Malaysian police have searched six properties linked to Najib and Rosmah as part of the investigation into the 1MDB scandal. They have seized 284 boxes filled with designer handbags, 72

masks: Najib Najib Najib


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 large luggage bags containing cash in multiple currencies, and other valuables. The Malaysian police commissioner confirmed that the police seized goods with an estimated value of between US$223 and US$273 million. The police described it as the biggest seizure in Malaysian history.In January 2019, a 7-second video clip of <mask> uttered "Malu Apa Bossku" ( "What's there to be ashamed of my boss") went viral on the internet. <mask> later released a picture of him posed on a Yamaha Y150 motorcycle with the registration plate 8055KU (BOSSKU). The catchphrase and the picture went viral on social media, especially with Malay youths, and inspired videos, memes, t-shirts, caps, vehicle stickers and a music video. The phenomenon has contributed to <mask>'s rise in popularity. <mask> also claimed that his "Bossku" phenomenon has contributed to a victory for his party in 2020 Kimanis by-election. Controversies

The Altantuyaa Affair

The French courts are investigating allegations of corruption in the purchases of two  submarines, by the Malaysian Ministry of Defence in 2002, at a time when <mask> was the minister of defence. The allegations are that <mask> Baginda, an aide of Najib, received "commission" payments from the French submarine builder DCNS.Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa, a Mongolian woman hired as a French translator to facilitate the purchase of the submarines and mistress to Baginda, subsequently tried to blackmail Baginda for a $500,000 cut and was subsequently murdered. 2 policemen, who were bodyguards posted to Najib, were charged and found guilty. 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal

<mask> is the chairman of 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB), a state-owned investment firm that was established on Najib's initiative in 2009 as part of the government's Economic Transformation Programme. However, 1MDB has reportedly

masks:
Najib
Najib
Najib
Najib
Najib
Abdul Razak
Najib


texts: incurred debts of MYR 42 billion (about US$11.1 billion) after only six years of operations, prompting a negative outlook on the country's economic growth. On 2 July 2015, The Wall Street Journal ran an exposé alleging that MYR 2.672 billion (US$700 million) had been channelled from 1MDB into Najib's personal bank accounts, triggering widespread calls for his resignation. <mask> has denied any wrongdoing and has announced plans to sue the newspaper for libel but eventually failed to do so. On 6 July 2015, amid the 1MDB scandal, the ringgit fell to 3.8050 against the US dollar, the first time it slid beyond the 3.80 currency peg, which was lifted in 2005.To back up the allegations, on 7 July 2015, The Wall Street Journal released a batch of partially redacted documents that purportedly show how nearly US$700 million (RM2.6 billion) was moved from 1MDB into Najib's personal bank accounts. These documents relate to transactions in March 2013, December 2014 and February 2015. The multi-agency task force investigating these allegations reported on 10 July 2015 that Najib's bank accounts at AmBank Islamic were closed before The Wall Street Journal reported the transfers of billions of ringgit to those accounts thereby confirming that <mask> had two accounts at that bank. The task force also confirmed that the six accounts it had just frozen did not belong to Najib but did not name the holders of those accounts  Najib's handling of the corruption scandal was criticised by, among others, former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad and then Deputy Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin. During <mask>'s mid-term Cabinet reshuffle on 28 July 2015, Najib dropped Muhyiddin from his position as Deputy Prime Minister, as well as other Ministers who had been critical of his leadership. Najib stated that the reason for this was to create a more


texts: "unified team". On 1 August 2015, <mask> addressed UMNO delegates in Seremban and in a clear reference to the Sarawak Report, the London-based whistleblower site founded and operated by journalist Clare Rewcastle-Brown, demanded that "white people" stay out of Malaysia's affairs and stressed that he valued loyalty above all, and not smart people.On 3 August 2015, the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission stated that the RM 2.6 billion that had been banked into Najib's personal account came from donors, not 1MDB, but did not elaborate on who the donors were or why the funds were transferred, nor why this explanation had taken so long to emerge since the allegations were first made on 2 July 2015. Umno Kuantan division chief Wan Adnan Wan Mamat later claimed that the RM 2.6 billion is from Saudi Arabia as thanks for fighting ISIS. He further claimed that the Muslim community in the Philippines as well as southern Thailand had also received similar donations, and that since the donations were made to Najib personally as opposed to UMNO, the funds were deposited into Najib's personal accounts. The scandal took a dramatic twist on 28 August 2015 when a member of Najib's own party, Anina Saaduddin, UMNO's Langkawi Wanita (women's) representative, filed a civil suit against him alleging a breach of duties as trustee and that he defrauded party members by failing to disclose receipt of the donated funds, and account for their use. This suit was filed in the Kuala Lumpur High Court and also named party Executive Secretary Abdul Rauf Yusof. Expressing fear that Najib would wield influence to remove any member of UMNO "for the sole purpose of avoiding liability" the court was also being moved for an injunction to restrain UMNO, its Supreme Council, state liaison body, divisions and branches from removing the nominal plaintiff as a


texts: party member pending the determination of the suit. The plaintiff is also seeking a repayment amounting to US$650 million, the amount allegedly deposited by Najib to a Singapore bank, an account of all monies that he had received in the form of donations, details of all monies in the AmPrivate Banking Account No 2112022009694 allegedly belonging to Najib, along with damages, costs, and other reliefs.On 21 September 2015, the New York Times reported that US investigators were investigating allegations of corruption involving <mask> as well as people close to him. In particular, investigators were focused on properties in the United States that were purchased in recent years by shell companies owned by Najib's stepson Riza Aziz or connected to a close family friend, as well as a $681 million payment made to what is believed to be <mask>'s personal bank account. The claimed MYR 2.6 billion "donation" into <mask>'s personal accounts led the opposition to table a no-confidence motion against <mask>, on 18 October 2015. On 26 January 2016, Malaysia's Attorney General Mohamed Apandi Ali announced that the investigation into the $681 million payment into Najib's personal bank account had been closed. The Anti-Corruption Commission investigating the gift, led by Apandi, concluded that no laws had been broken and that the gift did not amount to graft. Apandi was appointed attorney general by Najib in August 2015 after the previous attorney general, Abdul Gani Patail, was abruptly dismissed by Najib. Although Bernama, Malaysia's state-run news service, reported that Abdul Gani was removed for health reasons many speculated that his dismissal was related to the 1MDB corruption investigation.The Attorney General then said that the [Saudi Royal Family] was the source of the $681 million gift, although doubts remain as the Saudi

masks: Najib Najib Najib Najib


texts: ministries of foreign affairs and finance had no information on said gift. The previously unidentified investor <mask> was reported to have returned $620 million to the Saudi royal family in 2013, but no explanation was given as to the reason for the investment or what happened to the $61 million <mask> did not return. <mask> hailed the results of the investigation and reiterated his denial of any wrongdoing. On 28 March 2016, the Australian television programme Four Corners in an episode called State of Fear: Murder and Money in Malaysia, aired new allegations about the large sums of money that have flowed into the bank accounts of <mask> <mask>. On 30 March 2016, the Wall Street Journal, Time and several other news agencies reported that Prime Minister <mask> <mask> and his wife, Rosmah Mansor had spent $15 million on luxury goods and extravagant travel expenses. During <mask> <mask>'s golf diplomacy with U.S. President Barack Obama on 24 December 2014, Malaysian investigation documents show that Rosmah Mansor had purchased items amounting to $130,625 at a Chanel store in Honolulu, Hawaii. The allegation was confirmed when a store employee at the Chanel store in the upscale Ala Moana Center recalls Mr. <mask>'s wife shopping there just before 25 December 2014.In April 2016, Mohd Nazifuddin <mask>, the son of <mask> <mask>, has been named in the Panama Papers. In July 2016, the United States Department of Justice launched a civil lawsuit to seize American assets worth over US$1 billion (4.1 billion MYR) allegedly obtained from US$3.5 billion (14.38 billion MYR) of misappropriated 1MDB funds. Within the civil lawsuit, a government official of high rank who had control over 1MDB was referred to as "Malaysian Official 1", and mentioned over 30 times. "Malaysian Official 1" was alleged to have received around US$681 million

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texts: (2.797 billion MYR) of stolen 1MDB money via Falcon Bank, Singapore on 21 and 25 March 2013, of which US$650 million (2.0 billion MYR) was sent back to Falcon Bank on 30 August 2013. In September 2016, <mask> was identified as "Malaysian Official 1" by Datuk Abdul Rahman Dahlan, Minister in the Prime Minister's Department and the Barisan Nasional strategic communications director. Dahlan also claimed that <mask> was not named because he was "not part of this investigation". On 15 June 2017, The United States Department of Justice followed up on its July 2016 lawsuit by issuing a civil action in rem to forfeit assets involved in and traceable to an international conspiracy to launder money misappropriated from 1Malaysia Development Berhad ("a strategic investment and development company wholly-owned by the government of Malaysia").The writ provided detailed justifications for seeing to forfeit specific items and property located in the United States and abroad, including in the United Kingdom and Switzerland. As a consequence of the 15 June 2017 writ, on 28 February 2018 Indonesian authorities seized the luxury yacht linked to the 1MDB investigations in waters off Bali, on behalf of the FBI. Additionally, on 7 March 2018 in Californian courts, the producers of the 'Wolf of Wall Street' agreed to pay $60m to settle Justice Department claims it financed the movie with money siphoned from 1MDB. On 3 July 2018, <mask> was arrested by Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission at his residence in Jalan Duta, Kuala Lumpur. The arrest was carried out in relation to the commission's investigation into the SRC International issue. While under investigation, <mask> claimed that the Barisan Nasional government actually left behind a country which had a strong and solid economy to Pakatan Harapan. The strong economy, said the former prime


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 minister, was achieved through transformative policies and comprehensive economic management, recognised by the World Bank and World Economic Forum (WEF).On 10 September 2018, <mask> posted a copy of the letter that purportedly came from Prince Saud Abdulaziz Al-Saud of Saudi Arabia on his Facebook account, as a proof of the alleged financial donation of US$100mil (RM304.5mil) given to him in 2011. He said he decided to reveal the documents in a bid to clear his name of various accusations and slander, and will continue to do so on his social media accounts. Subsequent arrest, legal proceedings and conviction

On 3 July 2018, <mask> was arrested by the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC). The MACC is investigating how RM42 million (US$10.6 million) went from SRC International into <mask>'s bank account. The following day, <mask> was indicted in the High Court in Kuala Lumpur on three counts of criminal breach of trust and one count of abuse of power in connection with SRC International funds totalling RM42 million. He was granted bail at RM1 million after pleading not guilty with his trial set for 18 February 2019. On 8 August 2018, <mask> was charged with three further counts of money laundering as part of the MACC's investigation into the 1MDB scandal.<mask> has denied making three transfers totaling RM42 from SRC International into his bank accounts. On 19 September 2018, <mask> was arrested following two hours of questioning by the MACC, believed to be in relation to the RM2.6 billion donation he received in year 2013. <mask> was charged on 20 September 2018 at the Sessions Court in Jalan Duta. However, he pleaded not guilty and was released on bail after his court appearance. On 21 September, he made a brief appearance at the Sessions Court registry to sign his bail at RM3.5 million for 25 counts of money


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 laundering and abuse of power charges in relation to 1MDB. He has posted RM1 million for his bail, while the remaining RM2.5 million will be settled in instalments by the following week. In August 2019, during his second trial, <mask> faces four charges of abuse of power and 21 charges of money laundering for receiving illegal transfers of RM 2.3 billion between 2011 and 2014.On 28 July 2020, the High Court convicted <mask> guilty on all seven counts of abuse of power, money laundering and criminal breach of trust in relation to the SRC International case, becoming the first Prime Minister of Malaysia to be convicted of corruption. High Court judge Mohamad Nazlan bin Mohamad Ghazali has delivered the verdict regarding the misappropriation of RM42 million (US$10 million) from SRC International, a former subsidiary of 1MDB. In total, <mask> faces 42 charges, of which 35 are yet to be decided on. On the day of his conviction, <mask> was sentenced to 12 years' imprisonment and a fine of RM210 million (for the first charge). He was also given six concurrent sentences of 10 years' imprisonment for the other six charges. If he fails to pay the fine, he will be serving another five years in prison. He would be appealing against the verdict of the High Court.He also faces another four trials for the rest of the charges he has yet be tried for. The High Court granted a stay of execution of the conviction with an increased bail of RM 2 million with reporting to the police on the first and the fifth day of every month. Appeal
<mask>'s appeal hearing in front of the Court of Appeal of Malaysia began on 5 April 2021. On 8 December 2021, the Court of Appeal of Malaysia dismissed <mask>'s appeal, therefore upholding both his conviction and 12-year sentence. <mask>'s lawyer stated his client, who is currently granted bail, will further

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<mask> (1 March 1936 – 4 June 2018) also known by the nicknames "Fishcake", "Poynton the Pippin", and "Prince of Bamboozlers", was an English professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s and 1960s. He played at representative level for Great Britain and Yorkshire, and at club level for Wakefield Trinity (Heritage № 643) (captain), as a , or , i.e. number 6, or 7. Background
<mask> was born in Lupset, Wakefield, West Riding of Yorkshire, England. He was a pupil at St Michael's School, Flanshaw, Wakefield, and then Snapethorpe School, Lupset, Wakefield, and he would watch Wakefield Trinity play over-the-wall without paying. He joined the British Army at age 18, whilst stationed in Germany, he played association football, and for the first time he played rugby football, and he left the army aged 21, and in 1957 he trialled for Wakefield Trinity's A-Team. He worked as a warehouseman , and he later worked as a salesman for a food company.His nickname of "fishcake" originated from his habitual fish and chip shop order following training sessions with Wakefield Trinity, and was given to him by Derek Turner. He and his wife Kath ran newsagent's shops for over 30 years, initially on Hesley Road, Kettlethorpe, Wakefield, and then on Dewsbury Road (opposite Ashleigh Avenue), Lupset, Wakefield. On 15 July 2007 <mask>ton had the beer Poynton's Pride named after him. <mask>'s funeral service took place at Wakefield Cathedral at 11:00am on 21 June 2018, followed by cremation at Wakefield Crematorium at 1:00pm, and a reception at Waterton House. Playing career

International honours
<mask> played , alongside Wakefield Trinity teammate; left-; Jack Wilkinson, and against teammates left-; Neil Fox, and ;

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Harold Poynton
Harold Poynton
Harold Poyn
Harold Poynton
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texts: Derek Turner, in Rest of the League's 16–21 defeat by Great Britain in pre-1960 Rugby League World Cup warm-up match, in aid of the George VI's Jubilee Trust, at Knowsley Road, St. Helens on Monday 12 September 1960, he played  in Great Britain's 17–10 victory over Australia in the second 1962 Great Britain Lions tour Ashes Test Match at Lang Park, Brisbane on Saturday 30 June 1962, and the 17–18 defeat by Australia in the third 1962 Great Britain Lions tour Ashes Test Match at Sydney Cricket Ground on Saturday 14 July 1962, and played  in the 8–27 defeat by New Zealand in the second Test Match at Carlaw Park, Auckland on Saturday 11 August 1962. In addition to the above Test Matches, <mask> also played in the following 1962 Great Britain Lions tour matches; the 24–10 victory over Western New South Wales at Bathurst, New South Wales on Sunday 27 May 1962, the 18–23 defeat by Newcastle at Newcastle, New South Wales on Monday 4 June 1962, the 36–12 victory over Toowoomba at Toowoomba on Sunday 17 June 1962, the 55–8 victory over Central Queensland at Rockhampton on Wednesday 20 June 1962, the 33–31 victory over Far North Queensland at Cairns on Saturday 23 June 1962, the 20–5 victory over New South Wales at Sydney Cricket Ground on Saturday 7 July 1962, the 10–18 defeat by Northern New South Wales at Tamworth, New South Wales on Sunday 8 July 1962, the 81–14 victory over Bay of Plenty at Rotorua on Tuesday 7 August 1962, the 13–46 defeat by Auckland at Auckland on Monday 13 August 1962, the 49–30 victory over South Africa at Pretoria on Thursday 23 August 1962, the 39–33 victory over South Africa at Durban on Saturday 25 August 1962, and the 45–23 victory over South Africa at Johannesburg on Friday 31


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 August 1962. County honours
Harold Poynton won a cap for Yorkshire while at Wakefield Trinity, he played , alongside Wakefield Trinity teammates; ; Fred Smith,  left-; Neil Fox, left-; Jack Wilkinson, and right-; Derek Turner in the defeat by Cumberland, at Recreation Ground, Whitehaven on Wednesday 14 September 1960.Championship Final appearances
<mask> played , and was captain, and scored a try in Wakefield Trinity's 21–9 victory over St. Helens in the Championship Final replay during the 1966–67 season at Station Road, Swinton on Wednesday 10 May 1967, played , and was captain, and scored a goal the 17–10 victory over Hull Kingston Rovers in the Championship Final during the 1967–68 season at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds on Saturday 4 May 1968. Challenge Cup Final appearances
<mask> was injured in Wakefield Trinity's 11–2 victory over Featherstone Rovers in the Challenge Cup semi-final at Odsal Stadium, Bradford on Saturday 9 April 1960, and so he missed the 38–5 victory over Hull F.C. in the 1959–60 Challenge Cup Final, but he played  in Wakefield Trinity's 12–6 victory over Huddersfield in the 1961–62 Challenge Cup Final at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 12 May 1962, in front of a crowd of 81,263, played , scored a try, played , and was man of the match winning the Lance Todd Trophy in the 25–10 victory over Wigan in the 1962–63 Challenge Cup Final at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 11 May 1963, in front of a crowd of 84,492, and played , and was captain in the 10–11 defeat by Leeds in the 1967–68 Challenge Cup Final (the "Watersplash" final) at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 11 May 1968, in front of a crowd of 87,100. County Cup Final appearances
<mask> played  in Wakefield

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Harold Poynton
Harold Poynton
Harold Poynton


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 Trinity's 16–10 victory over Huddersfield in the 1960–61 Yorkshire Cup Final during the 1960–61 season at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds on Saturday 29 October 1960, played  in the 19–9 victory over Leeds in the 1961–62 Yorkshire Cup Final at Odsal Stadium, Bradford on Saturday 11 November 1961, and played  in the 18–2 victory over Leeds in the 1964–65 Yorkshire Cup Final at Fartown, Huddersfield on Saturday 31 October 1964. Club career
Geoffrey Oakes, Reg Parker, and <mask> Poynton made their début for Wakefield Trinity in the 17–12 victory over St. Helens at Belle Vue, Wakefield on Saturday 1 February 1958, in early 1963 he was the subject of a £8,000 transfer bid from St. Helens, (based on inflation, this would be ) (based on increases in average earnings, this would be approximately equivalent to £322,100.00 in 2017), and he played his last match for Wakefield Trinity against Huddersfield at Belle Vue, Wakefield on Saturday 13 September 1969, after which he retired due to a recurring knee injury. Testimonial match
Harold Poynton's Testimonial match for Wakefield Trinity was the 10–5 victory over the then league-leaders Leeds, at Belle Vue, Wakefield on Monday 15 April 1968. Family
Harold Poynton's married Kathleen (née Stanley) in 1965 in Wakefield.They had two children; David (born 1966) and Rachel (born 1971). References

External links
<mask> - "Prince Of Bamboozlers"

1936 births
2018 deaths
20th-century British Army personnel
English rugby league players
Great Britain national rugby league team players
Lance Todd Trophy winners
Rugby league five-eighths
Rugby league halfbacks
Rugby league players from Wakefield
Wakefield Trinity captains
Wakefield Trinity players
Yorkshire rugby league team

masks: Harold Poynton


texts: <mask> (; born 24 May 1946) is a Turkish academic, economist, and politician who served as the 22nd Prime Minister of Turkey from 1993 to 1996. She is Turkey's first and only female prime minister to date. As the leader of the True Path Party, she went on to concurrently serve as Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey and as  Minister of Foreign Affairs between 1996 and 1997. As a Professor of Economics, Çiller was appointed Minister of State for the economy by Prime Minister Süleyman Demirel in 1991. When Demirel was elected as President in 1993, Çiller was elected leader of the True Path Party and succeeded Demirel as Prime Minister. Several reports of international organizations of human rights documented destroying and burning Kurdish villages and towns and extrajudicial killings of Kurdish civilians perpetrated by the Turkish forces during Çiller’s regime of 1993-1996. Shortly after winning the 1994 local elections, large-scale capital flight due to the lack of confidence in Çiller's budget deficit targets led to the Turkish Lira and foreign currency reserves' almost collapsing.Amid the subsequent economic crisis and austerity measures, her government signed the EU-Turkey Customs Union in 1995. Her government was alleged to have supported the 1995 Azeri coup d'état attempt and presided over an escalation of tensions with Greece after claiming sovereignty over the Imia/Kardak islets. Although the DYP came third in the 1995 general election, she remained as Prime Minister until Necmettin Erbakan formed a government in 1996 with Çiller becoming Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs. The Susurluk car crash in 1996 and the subsequent Susurluk scandal revealed the relations between extra-legal organisations


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 and Çiller's government. Revelations that Çiller had employed individuals such as Abdullah Çatlı led to a decline in her approval ratings. Erbakan's government fell following a military memorandum in 1997 and the DYP declined further in the 1999 general election. Despite coming third in the 2002 general election, Çiller's DYP won less than 10% of the vote and thus lost all parliamentary representation, which led to her resignation as party leader and departure from active politics.Background and early career
Çiller was born in Istanbul; her father was first a journalist, then a Turkish governor of Bilecik Province during the 1950s. <mask> was the only child and she graduated from the department of Economics at Boğaziçi University after completing her high school education at Arnavutköy American College for Girls in Istanbul. After graduating from Boğaziçi, she continued her studies in the United States, where she earned graduate degrees from the Universities of New Hampshire and Connecticut. She received her M.S. from the University of New Hampshire and Ph.D. from the University of Connecticut. She later completed her postdoctoral studies at Yale University. Çiller taught economics at Franklin and Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.In 1978, she became a lecturer at Boğaziçi University in Istanbul and in 1983 she was appointed as professor by the same institution. She also worked at the now-defunct Istanbul Bank as president of the company. Political career (1990–2002)
<mask> entered politics in November 1990, joining the conservative True Path Party (DYP) as economic advisor to former Prime Minister Süleyman Demirel. She was elected to the parliament in 1991 as deputy representing Istanbul. The DYP

masks: Tansu Çiller


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 became the largest party (with 27 per cent of the seats) and Demirel formed a coalition government (49th government of Turkey). <mask> <mask> was appointed economics minister. She was elected to the executive board of DYP and acquired the position as deputy chair.Prime Minister (1993–1996)
After the death in office of President Turgut Özal (which according to some was part of the 1993 alleged Turkish military coup), DYP Prime Minister Süleyman Demirel won the 1993 presidential election on 16 May 1993. Suddenly the important position as Prime Minister and leader of the DYP was vacant. The party found itself in an identity crisis. Çiller was no obvious candidate, but the three male contenders could not muster the resources, skill and support to compete effectively. Çiller was a professional urban woman, young and smart with a Western higher education. The media supported her, as well as the business community, and externally she gave the impression that Turkey was a progressive Muslim country. On 13 June 47-year-old Çiller fell 11 votes shy of a majority in the first ballot for party leader.Her opponents withdrew and she became the party's leader and on 25 June, the Prime Minister of the DYP-Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP) coalition government (50th government of Turkey). Çiller continued Demirel's coalition government, but replaced most of the ministers from her own party. She was the only woman until 1995, when a woman state minister for women and family affairs was appointed. Çiller did not continue Demirel's policies. As Prime Minister she promoted a conservative populism and economic liberalism. She juggled "masculine" and "feminine" styles, boasting of her "toughness" at the same time as she wanted to


texts: be the nation's mother and sister. She became a new role model for a woman politician with clout, and she had success, but also ruled authoritatively, taking control of the party organization, pursued established male policies and appeared uninterested in women's issues.Following the death of Özal, the Castle Plan (previously approved by the National Security Council) to attack the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) was put into effect (although elements of the strategy preceded the official Plan). Çiller declared on 4 October 1993: "We know the list of businessmen and artists subjected to racketeering by the PKK and we shall be bringing their members to account." Beginning on 14 January 1994, almost a hundred people were kidnapped by commandos wearing uniforms and travelling in police vehicles and then killed somewhere along the road from Ankara to Istanbul. Abdullah Catli, a leader of the ultra-nationalist Grey Wolves and an organized crime figure, demanded money from people who were on "Çiller’s list", promising to get their names removed. One of his victims, Behçet Cantürk, was to pay ten million dollars, to which Casino King Ömer Lütfü Topal added a further seventeen million. However, after receiving the money, he then went on to have them kidnapped and killed, and sometimes tortured beforehand. Çillers approach to the Kurds was ambiguous, while she also suggested for the Kurds an autonomy similar the one the Basques have in Spain, she retracted herself upon pressure from the Turkish military.The EU-Turkey Customs Union agreement was signed in 1995 and came into effect in 1996 during Çiller's government. In March 1995, the 1995 Azeri coup d'état attempt took place; official reports following the 1996 Susurluk


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 scandal suggested Çiller and others in the government had supported the coup attempt, which aimed to reinstall Ebulfeyz Elçibey as president. After the withdrawal of the Republican People's Party (CHP) from the coalition in October 1995 (the SHP had split, merged, and renamed itself) Çiller attempted to form a minority government, which failed in less than a month (51st government of Turkey). After that she agreed to form another cabinet (52nd government of Turkey) with the CHP and went for general elections, which took place in December 1995. Coalition negotiations were protracted, and Çiller remained in office at the head of the DYP-CHP coalition until March 1996, when the DYP formed a coalition with the Motherland Party, with Mesut Yılmaz becoming Prime Minister. Çiller was still prime minister during the January 1996 Imia/Kardak crisis with neighbouring Greece. One of Çiller's major achievements was to transform the Turkish Army from an organization using vintage equipment from the US Army into a modern fighting force capable of countering the PKK, using hit-and-run tactics.She also convinced the U.S. government to list the PKK as a Foreign Terrorist Organization, which was later followed by the acceptance of the same by the European Union. Deputy Prime Minister (1996–1997)
With the creation of the Motherland Party-DYP coalition in March 1996 under Mesut Yılmaz (53rd government of Turkey), DYP took over the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. After the coalition collapsed in June 1996, the DYP joined a new coalition with the Welfare Party, under Necmettin Erbakan, with Çiller became Minister of Foreign Affairs and Deputy Prime Minister. This was the beginning of DYP's and Çiller's decline. Çiller lost credibility as


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 a political leader because she joined forces with those she criticized the most. After the November 1996 Susurluk car crash, which prompted the Susurluk scandal, she praised Abdullah Çatlı, who died in the crash, saying: "Those who fire bullets or suffer their wounds in the name of this country, this nation, and this state will always be respectfully remembered by us." As deputy Prime Minister, Çiller declared that if Greece tried to divide Albania, it would have the Turkish Army in Athens 24 hours later.Erbakan's Welfare Party resigned from government following the February 1997 military memorandum. DYP and others expected to form a government under Çiller, but President Süleyman Demirel asked ANAP leader Mesut Yılmaz to form the new government instead. Çiller's manoeuvres, political excuses, failed policies and scandals made her increasingly unpopular. 35 women's organizations took her to court because she lacked principles. She was also criticized for undermining democracy

Later career
<mask> Çiller was investigated by the Turkish Parliament on serious corruption charges following her period in government. Along with another former Prime Minister, Mesut Yılmaz, she was later cleared of all the charges mainly due to technicalities such as the statute of limitations and parliamentary immunity. At the end of 1998, the corruption files about Yılmaz and Çiller were covered up at the commissions of the Parliament in a common action staged by DYP, ANAP and DSP MPs.In the General Elections of 1999 she presented herself as a leader of the religious, pausing her campaign speeches during the prayer of Adhan, or demanding that women with their headscarves on could attend university. Her party gained its worst result,


texts: polling only about 12%. She remained leader of the DYP until 2002; after its November 2002 election defeat, she retired from political life. <mask> <mask> is a member of the Council of Women World Leaders, an international network of current and former women presidents and prime ministers whose mission is to mobilize the highest-level women leaders globally for collective action on issues of critical importance to women and equitable


texts:
<mask>. (June 20, 1899 – October 23, 1980) was an American inventor and engineer. He is most known for developing devices meant to improve transportation safety, including sonically actuated traffic lights, colorblind road signals, pedestrian push-buttons, and flashing aircraft lights. Early life and education
<mask> was born to a wealthy family in Baltimore, Maryland. As a child he exhibited a vivid imagination. For this reason, <mask>’s father encouraged him to pursue inventing. At age 14, he developed his first documented invention—an automobile brake—which he received a patent for 5 years later. After high school, <mask> attended Johns Hopkins University to study engineering, but after continuing to struggle with academics, he dropped out 2 years later.He served briefly in the US Army training corps as an acting corporal during World War I until December 1918. Early career
In 1919, <mask> began working for the Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad (also known as the Ma&Pa) as a telegrapher and assistant station agent. There, he began developing safety and signaling devices, where he was later asked by railroad president OH Nance to look into fixing the failing electric warning signals at railroad crossings. In response, <mask> designed a system that contained a warning light connected in parallel to the standard bells. This ensured that even if the bells failed, the light would turn on and alert the driver to an oncoming train. After the success of this system, <mask> was promoted within the company to signal engineer and was given resources for his own experiments and research. For his first solo project, he set out to design a new flashing signal for grade crossings.In his design, he created an automatically triggered system that flashed two

masks:
Charles Adler Jr
Adler
Adler
Adler
Adler
Adler
Adler


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 lights alternatively in a wigwag pattern when a train was approaching. This invention, called the Adler Flashing Relay, received the American Railway Association’s endorsement and was later adopted by over 40 railroad companies. After the success of his projects, <mask> left the Maryland and Pennsylvania Railroad to pursue invention full-time. However, he remained a signal consultant for the company until 1957. Well-known inventions

Automatic speed control system
During his time at Ma&Pa, <mask> kept a journal of potential invention ideas for a later date. One of such ideas—the automatic speed-control system—became the focus of his career in the 1920s. He conceived the idea for this automobile safety feature on October 1, 1924 and had a working prototype by December 1925.<mask>’s speed control system was based on the idea of car speed governors, but he believed they should only be activated at particularly dangerous spots on the road. <mask>’s system was composed of a series of bar magnets buried under the road 20 meters away from dangerous spots. At speeds over 24 km/h, this magnet activated a series of relays installed in the car which cut the car’s ignition. Once the car had passed over a similar second magnet, the ignition was restored, and the car would be able to accelerate like normal. Rather than manufacturing the invention himself, <mask> decided to publicize his work in hopes of finding a company to license it. He sold the idea to Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and received positive reactions from other buyers. <mask> contacted 600 newspapers, magazines, and engineering journals, including Science Monthly and the New York Evening Post, to run stories on his system.However, on December 15, 1926 his financial investors suspended work until

masks: Adler Adler Adler Adler Adler Adler


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 they could guarantee the support of the national government. Sonically actuated traffic light
In the 1920s <mask> worked on developing the sonically actuated traffic light. To operate it, drivers pulled up to a red light and honked their horns to make the light change. The system, designed for use on intersections between lightly traveled and major roads, was first installed by Baltimore on February 22, 1928 at the intersection of Falls Road and then-Belvedere Avenue (now Northern Parkway) and still stands today. Further production of this design was picked up by General Electric, but <mask>’s traffic signal was beat out by another invention. This was the first actuated traffic signal in the US and served as the basis for modern traffic signals. On February 4, 1929 <mask> installed a pedestrian push button at the intersection of Charles Street and Cold Spring Lane in Baltimore.It was the first pedestrian-actuated signal. Aviation Safety Signal
By the end of the 1930s, <mask>’s work on traffic safety came to an end. After getting his pilot’s license and nearly colliding with another plane, he decided to pursue improvements in aviation safety. He patented an external lighting system for airplanes to help pilots better see each other at night. This patent, along with 9 of his other inventions, were transferred by <mask> to the US government in the name of safety. Other notable inventions

Colorblind signals
In 1930 <mask> worked on a traffic signal based on different shapes for colorblind drivers. Double-filament lamp
In 1933, <mask>’s double-filament lamp was installed on the Pennsylvania Central Railroad.The ability of the bulb to function at half-capacity, even when burnt out, was beneficial in keeping railroad crossing lights functioning for

masks: Adler Adler Adler Adler Adler Adler Adler


texts:
 long periods of time. The system remained part of the Pennsylvania Central Railroad until the 1970s. Late life
<mask> continued his work in transportation safety, serving on various transportation boards and advising the government on a number of safety issues. As a member of Maryland’s Traffic Safety Commission during 1952–1980, <mask> made recommendations that later resulted in the formation of a federal department of government focused on traffic safety. <mask> also established his own foundation in 1956 to help inventors in the field of safety. In 1961, <mask> was appointed to the board of directors of Friendship International Airport (now BWI Marshall) and organized the connection of the airport to the city by rail to reduce traffic. The resulting BWI Rail Station opened in 1980; <mask> died hours before the station's dedication, where he was scheduled to be honored.Personal views
<mask> left behind many inventions that were the first of their kind. He is credited with over sixty patented inventions in the field of vehicular safety, some of which he transferred to the government. His motto was “If they can save lives, I want everyone to have them.” <mask> often donated his patents to the government free of charge so that they could be publicly used and help more people. See also
 Traffic Safety
 Automobile Safety
 Aviation Safety

References

External links
The <mask>, Jr. Collection at the Smithsonian Institution
Prime Movers, an essay on <mask> Jr. by <mask>
America on the Move, a National Museum of American History exhibition resource

1899 births
1980 deaths
Engineers from Maryland
Transport engineers
People from Baltimore
Johns Hopkins University alumni
Smithsonian Institution people
20th-century American engineers
20th-century American

masks:
Adler
Adler
Adler
Adler
Adler
Adler
Adler
Charles Adler
Charles Adler
Charles Cohen


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<mask> (born 1944) is an American land artist specializing in large-scale and site-specific sculptures. Working largely outside the confines of the traditional art spaces of galleries and museums, <mask> has redefined sculpture in terms of size, mass, gesture, and process. A pioneer of 20th-century land art or Earthworks movement, he is widely recognized for sculptures and environmental structures made with earth-moving equipment, which he began creating in the American West in 1967. He currently lives and works in Hiko, Nevada, and New York City. Work
<mask> began his artistic career in New York in 1966 with a series of geometric canvases painted with PVA latex. The paintings that would follow, characterized by non-traditionally shaped canvases, demonstrate <mask>'s early exploration of positive and negative forms; such harmonies of presence and absence, matter and space, are essential to his art. In Trapezoid Painting (1966) and Track Painting (1967), he emphasizes the perimeters of raw canvases by painting them black, while the white interiors are perceived as negative spaces.These hard-edged "displacement paintings" parallel the immense geometries he achieves when moving earth. The slate grey contours of U Painting (1975), for example, anticipate the shapes of the depressions and angular mounds that appear in his forthcoming project City. In the late 1960s, <mask> left New York City for the deserts of California and Nevada, where he began making his first "negative" sculptures. These works were created by removing earth to shape subterranean negative forms directly into desert floor. Completed in 1967, North, East, South, West, consisted of several geometrically-shaped holes dug in the Sierra Nevada. The following year <mask> completed Nine Nevada Depressions, a series of large negative

masks:
Michael Heizer
Heizer
Heizer
Heizer
Heizer
Heizer


texts: sculptures located primarily on dry lakes throughout the state, Jean Dry Lake, Black Rock Desert and Massacre Dry Lake, near Vya, Nevada among them. In 1969, <mask> made the series Primitive Dye Paintings, in which white lime powder and concentrated aniline dyes were spread over the dry desert landscape, covering large areas that, when viewed from the air, formed amorphous, organic shapes.The culmination of this critical early period was the creation of Double Negative in 1969, a project for which he displaced 240,000 tons of rock in the Nevada desert, cutting two enormous trenches—each one 50-feet-deep and 30-feet-wide and together spanning 1,500 feet—at the eastern edge of Mormon Mesa near Overton, Nevada. <mask> has since continued his exploration of the dynamics between positive forms and negative space. His Adjacent, Against, Upon (1976) juxtaposes three large granite slabs in different relationships to cast concrete forms; the 30-50 ton granite slabs were quarried in the Cascade Mountain Range and transported by barge and train to Myrtle Edwards Park. For Displaced/Replaced Mass (1969/1977), later installed outside the Marina del Rey, California, home of Roy and Carol Doumani, he planted four granite boulders of different sizes from the High Sierra into lid-less concrete boxes in the earth so that the tops of the rocks are roughly level with the ground. For a 1982 work at the former IBM Building in New York, <mask> sheared off the top of a large rock and cut grooves into the surface before setting it on supports hidden within a stainless steel structure. Designed as a fountain, the boulder appears to float over running water. He called it Levitated Mass, a title he would use again in future.Commissioned by the president of the Ottawa Silica Company, the Effigy Tumuli earthwork in Illinois is

masks: Heizer Heizer Heizer


texts: composed of five abstract animal earthworks reclaiming the site of an abandoned surface coal mine along the Illinois River; the shapes (1983–85)—a frog, a water strider, a catfish, a turtle, and a snake—reflect the environment of the site, which overlooks the river. In 2012, <mask> completed Levitated Mass (2012). On permanent installation at Los Angeles Museum of Contemporary Art, Levitated Mass is a massive white, diorite boulder (21.5 feet wide and 21.5 feet high) that sits atop a 456-foot-long sloped walkway, allowing viewers to experience the weight of the rock as they walk through the empty space below. It took eleven nights, from February 28 to March 10, 2012, to move the 340-ton rock from Jurupa Valley to the museum. The installation is situated in a field of polished concrete slices, set at a slight angle between the Resnick Pavilion and Sixth Street. <mask> opened the exhibit on June 24, 2012. A feature documentary, also named Levitated Mass, was directed and edited by the filmmaker Doug Pray.It details the making of the sculpture as it relates to <mask>'s career while portraying the boulder's 105-mile journey through Los Angeles and the public’s reaction to its installation. Other recent public artworks by <mask> include Tangential Circular Negative Line in Mauvoisin, Switzerland, commissioned by Fondation Air&Art directed by Jean Maurice Varone, as well as Collapse (1967/2016) and Compression Line (1968/2016) at Glenstone, Potomac, Maryland. In the early 1970s, <mask> began work on City, an enormous complex in the rural desert of Lincoln County, Nevada. His work on the project continues to this day, supported by the Dia Art Foundation through a grant from the Lannan Foundation. City is not yet available to the public. A campaign to have the Basin and Range area around City designated as

masks:
Heizer
Heizer
Heizer
Michael Heizer
Heizer


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 a national monument to protect it from development took place, and a group of American museums, including the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), the Museum of Modern Art, the Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston and the Walker Art Center, have joined together to draw public attention to a petition urging preservation of the area. In July 2015, President Barack Obama signed a proclamation (using his authority under the Antiquities Act of 1906) creating the Basin and Range National Monument on 704,000 acres in Lincoln and Nye counties, an area including <mask>'s City.<mask>'s artworks are represented in museum collections and public spaces worldwide. Major permanent commissions
 Tangential Circular Negative Line (2012), Mauvoisin, Switzerland, an Air&Art Foundation commission directed by Jean Maurice Varone
Levitated Mass (2012),  Resnick Pavilion North Lawn at LACMA (Los Angeles, California)
Effigy Tumuli (1985), Buffalo State Park, Ottawa, Illinois
45 Degrees, 90 Degrees, 180 Degrees (1984), Rice University (Houston, Texas)
Levitated Mass (1982), 590 Madison Avenue, New York. EJM Equities Collection, New York
North, East, South, West (1982), 5th and Flower Streets, Los Angeles

Other works
 Isolated Mass/Circumflex (#2) (1968–72), Nine Nevada Depressions, Menil Collection (Houston, Texas)
 Rift # 1 (1968–72; deteriorated), Nine Nevada Depressions, Massacre Dry Lake, Nevada
 Windows and Matchdrops (1969), seven small rills in the floor in front of the Kunsthalle Düsseldorf entrance, Germany
Displaced/Replaced Mass 1, 2 & 3 (1969), Silver Springs, NV. No longer extant. Double Negative (1969–70), located near Overton, Nevada
Dragged Mass (1971), Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit
 City (1972, unfinished), Lincoln County, Nevada
 Adjacent, Against, Upon (1976), Myrtle Edwards Park (Seattle,

masks: Heizer Heizer


texts:
 Washington)
 This Equals That (1980; removed), Michigan State Capitol Complex, Lansing, Michigan
 North, East, South, West (1967/2002), Dia:Beacon, Beacon, New York

Exhibitions

In 1968, <mask> was included in Earth Works, the influential group show at Virginia Dwan's gallery, and then in the Whitney Museum painting annual in 1969, where his contribution was a huge photograph of a dye painting in the desert. For his first one-person show, at the Galerie Heiner Friedrich, Munich in 1969, he removed 1,000 tons of earth in a conical shape to create Munich Depression. In 1977, he was included in documenta 6, Kassel.Major exhibitions of his work have been staged at institutions such as the Museum Folkwang, Essen (1979), the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles (1984), and Fondazione Prada, Milan (1996). Recent gallery exhibitions have been held at Gagosian Gallery. Selected solo exhibitions

1971 <mask>: Photographic and Actual Work. Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit
1979 <mask>.Museum Folkwang, Essen. Travelled to Rijksmuseum Kroller-Muller, Otterlo, Netherlands. 1984 In Context: <mask>: 45°, 90°, 180°/Geometric Extraction. Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles
1985 45°, 90°, 180°: A Sculpture for Rice University.Libbie Rice Farish Gallery of the School of Architecture, Rice University, Houston
1985 <mask>: Dragged Mass geometric Whitney Museum of American Art, New York
1988 <mask>: New Sculptures. Akira Ikeda Gallery, Tokyo
1996 <mask>: Negative – Positive + Fondazione Prada, Milan
2010 <mask>: Works from the 1960s and 70s. David Zwirner, New York
2012 <mask>: Actual Size. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles
2015 <mask>: Altars. Gagosian Gallery, New York
2016 <mask>. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York
2018 Le Bourget, Paris

Selected group exhibitions

1966 The Annual

masks:
Heizer
Michael Heizer
Michael Heizer
Michael Heizer
Michael Heizer
Michael Heizer
Michael Heizer
Michael Heizer
Michael Heizer
Michael Heizer
Michael Heizer


texts:
 Invitational Exhibition. Park Place Gallery, New York
1968 Earthworks Dwan Gallery, New York
1968 1968 Annual Exhibition: Contemporary American Sculpture.Whitney Museum of American Art, New York
1969 New Media: New Methods Montclair Art Museum, Montclair, NJ; Organised by Museum of Modern Art, New York. 1969 Op Losse Schroeven: Situaties en Cryptostructuren (Square pegs in round Holes). Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam. Travelled to: Verborgene Strukturen. Museum Folkwang, Essen. 1969 Live in Your Head: When Attitudes Become Form. Kunsthalle Bern, Bern, Switzerland.Travelled to: Museum Haus Lange, Krefield, West Germany; Institute of Contemporary Arts, London. 1969 Land Art: Long, Flanagan, Oppenheim, Smithson, Boezem, Dibbets, De Maria, Heizer. Fernsehgalerie Gerry Schum, Berlin. Televised April 15, 1969. 1969 1969 Annual Exhibition: Contemporary American Painting. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York
1970 XXXV Esposizione internazionale d’arte di Venezia Venice
1970 Information. Museum of Modern Art, New York
1971 Sixth Guggenheim International Exhibition.Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York
1971 VII Biennale. Parc Floral de Paris, Paris
1973 American Drawings 1963-73. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York
1976 Drawing Now. Museum of Modern Art
1977 Biennial Exhibition. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY. 1977 Documenta 6. Museum Friedericianum, Kassel, Germany.1980 L'Amérique aux Indépendants, 1944-1980 : 91ème Exposition, Société des Artistes Indépendants. Grand Palais, Paris, France. 1984 Collectie Becht. De verzameling Agnes en Frits Becht. Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands. 1986 Individuals: A Selected History of Contemporary Art, 1945–1986. Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, CA.1987 American Drawing and Watercolors of the Twentieth Century. Selection from the


texts:
 Whitney Museum of American Art. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.; traveled to The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH. ; Achenbach Foundation, California Palace of the Legion of Honor, San Francisco, CA; Arkansas Arts Center, Little Rock, AR; Whitney Museum of American Art, Stamford, CT.
1987 Photography and Art: Interactions since 1946. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA; traveled to The Museum of Fort Lauderdale, Fort Lauderdale,
1988 Vital Signs: Organic Abstraction from the Permanent Collection. Whitney Museum of American Art. New York, NY
1989 20 Jahre Internationale Kunstmesse Basel.Galerie Hans Mayer, Dusseldorf, Germany. 1990 Pharmakon ’90. Nippon Convention Center, Makuhari Messe, Tokyo, Japan. 1997 47th International Art Exhibition – La Biennale di Venezia. Venice, Italy. 2009 Photoconceptualism, 1966–1973. Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY.2010 The Original Copy: Photography of Sculpture, 1839 to Today. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY; traveled to Kunsthaus Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland. 2013 When Attitudes Become Form: Bern 1969/Venice 2013. Ca’ Corner della Regina, Fondazione Prada, Venice, Italy. Homages
 Mungo Thomson, Levitating Mass (2012), Aspen, Colorado. Régis Perray, 340 grammes déplacés... during Levitated Mass by <mask> (2012), Nantes, France. Jack Daws, Life on the Farm (Heizer), 2010

See also
 Charmstone (sculpture), Houston

References

External links

 Webpage of <mask> at the Dia Art Foundation
 Levitated Mass (Library of Congress)
 Levitated Mass <mask> in the spotlight of California.(world press review)
 <mask> in the National Gallery of Australia's Kenneth Tyler Collection

1944 births
Living people
Artists from Berkeley, California
Berkeley High School (Berkeley, California) alumni
Land artists
San Francisco Art Institute

masks:
Michael Heizer
Heizer
Michael Heizer
Michael Heizer


texts:
<mask> (December 14, 1920 – December 5, 1979) was an American actor, aviator, and later businessman, whose company Aero Spacelines developed the Pregnant Guppy, Super Guppy, and Mini Guppy cargo aircraft. He later founded Conroy Aircraft and Specialized Aircraft in Santa Barbara, California. He died December 5, 1979 of colon cancer. Early years
<mask> was born in Buffalo, New York, later attended high school in Sand Springs, Oklahoma, and studied engineering at St. Gregory's College (St. Gregory's University) in Shawnee, Oklahoma. He hitched a ride on a freight train from Oklahoma to Hollywood, California, where he landed bit parts in films during the years of 1937–1940 under the screen name of <mask>, since <mask> was already taken. Some of the films were with "The Little Tough Guys". He attended the College of Theatre Arts at the Pasadena Playhouse.World War II
In 1940, against the advice of his agent who said "the big parts are coming", he hopped a freighter to Honolulu, Hawaii, where he learned to fly and made his first solo flight in 1940. He was working at Pearl Harbor as a civilian digging underground fuel tanks on Sunday, December 7, 1941. After witnessing the Japanese attack he immediately enlisted in the United States Army Air Forces. In early 1942, just months after his 21st birthday, he was commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant. "Jack" took flight instruction by Lt. F. D. Clasen in a Vultee BT-13 at Chico Army Air Field, class of '43-D squadron 2. As the pilot of a B-17 was in command of a nine-man crew. He flew his B-17 across the North Atlantic and as part of the 379th

masks:
John Michael Conroy
Conroy
Michael Conroy
John Conroy


texts:
 Bombardment Group of the 8th Air Force, operating from Kimbolton, England, flew 19 missions over Germany.On his 19th mission, on November 30, 1944, his aircraft was shot down over German farmland. After his crew bailed out, he forced his way out of the nose door, dislocating and fracturing his shoulder and breaking his right arm in the process. He parachuted to earth, landing in a farmer's field somewhere near Zeitz, was captured, interrogated and interned as a prisoner of war at Stalag Luft I, Compound North 3, on the Baltic coast until the end of the war. <mask> remained on active duty with the USAAF until 1948, serving as a special air mission pilot and as an instructor in a Reserve Training Unit. Following an honorable discharge from the service, he spent 12 years as an airline pilot. Record flights

After returning from the war, <mask> continued to fly with non-scheduled airlines and also joined the California Air National Guard, based at the Van Nuys Air Base. On May 21, 1955, <mask>, then a 1st Lieutenant attached to the 115th Fighter Interceptor Squadron, completed "Operation Boomerang".This involved flying from coast-to-coast and back in one day during daylight hours. He flew an F-86A Sabre from Van Nuys to Floyd Bennett Field, New York, and returned using fuel stops both ways, setting a record of 5058 miles in 11 hours, 26 minutes, 33 seconds (442.0 mph). A decade later in 1965, <mask> and co-pilot Clay Lacy achieved another record-breaking flight in a Learjet. Operation "Sunrise Sunset" completed a round-trip flight from Los Angeles to New York and back, the first time a

masks: Conroy Conroy Conroy Conroy


texts:
 business jet made a round-trip flight across the U.S. between sunrise and sunset on the same day. The Pregnant Guppy – Aero Spacelines
The Pregnant Guppy had a humble beginning on the proverbial cocktail napkin. One evening <mask>, <mask> and others were discussing the problems NASA were having transporting the rocket booster stages aboard ships through the Panama Canal and the Gulf of Mexico. <mask> had recently purchased several surplus Boeing 377 Stratocruisers but was not really sure what to do with them.<mask> believed that they could take one of the Stratocruisers, enlarge the fuselage enough to hold a rocket booster and contract with NASA to fly the boosters from California to Cape Canaveral, Florida. <mask> and <mask>dorf founded a company, Aero Spacelines, to pursue the project. <mask>'s drive to build the aircraft was so great, that when financing ran out, he did not: "Conditions reached the point where <mask> no longer owned his house, cars, or furnishings." By flying the Guppy on borrowed aviation gasoline to the Marshall Space Flight Center, <mask> was able to test fly the aircraft with Wernher von Braun. On the basis of the test flights, contract negotiations with NASA began in earnest. The "Pregnant Guppy" first flew on September 19, 1962, piloted by <mask> and co-pilot Clay Lacy. When Van Nuys air traffic control realized that <mask> intended to take off, they alerted police and fire departments to be on alert.However the huge aircraft performed flawlessly, the only difference in handling being a slight decrease in speed caused by extra drag of the larger fuselage.

masks:
Conroy
Lee Mansdorf
Mansdorf
Conroy
Conroy
Mans
Conroy
Conroy
Conroy
Jack Conroy
Conroy


texts:
 Wernher von Braun stated that "The Guppy was the single most important piece of equipment to put a man on the Moon in the decade of the 1960s." <mask> then developed the Super Guppy, which first flew on August 31, 1965, in Van Nuys. The Mini Guppy was built in Santa Barbara, California, and was christened "Spirit of Santa Barbara", on May 24, 1967. Two days later, the Mini Guppy was carrying cargo to the Paris Air Show, where in 1967, <mask> was awarded the "Medal of Paris" for the greatest contribution to aerospace for the prior two-year period for the Guppy aircraft. <mask> was the founder and president of Aero Spacelines, a subsidiary of Unexcelled, Inc. until he resigned in August 1967. Conroy Aircraft
In 1968 he started Conroy Aircraft at Santa Barbara Airport.He developed the Conroy Skymonster, a turboprop Canadair CL-44, designated the CL-44-O, the Conroy Turbo Albatross, <mask> Stolifter (turboprop Cessna 337 Skymaster), and the Conroy Turbo Three (turboprop DC-3). At this time he had acquired more that 20,000 hours flying time. A week after the first flight of the "Turbo-Three" (N4700C), he flew it to the 1969 Paris Air Show. The company was dissolved in 1972. The CL-44-O is currently at Bournemouth Airport, England. Specialized Aircraft
In 1972 he started Specialized Aircraft, originally known as Turbo-Three Corporation, in Santa Barbara. In 1974 the company proposed the Conroy Virtus to NASA for use as a Space Shuttle carrier aircraft, however it was rejected in favor of the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft.In 1976 the company relocated to Camarillo Airport in Camarillo,


texts:
 California, and developed the Conroy Tri-Turbo-Three which was used on contract with Polair Research. He christened this aircraft "The Spirit of Hope" for the City of Hope Hospital in Duarte, California, where he had been receiving treatment. This Tri-Turbo Three, N23SA, was used in 1984 to transport eight business people, members of the Seven Summits organization, plus three crew members to the Antarctic. Awards
 In 1967, <mask><mask> was awarded the "Medal of Paris" for the greatest contribution to aerospace for the prior two-year period for the Guppy aircraft. In 1973, <mask><mask>, "Guppy", was awarded the Character of the Year Award by the International Order of Characters. Film credits
A Shot in the Dark (1941) — Messenger boy
High School (1940) aka The Texas Kid — Boy
A Fugitive from Justice (1940) a.k.a. Million Dollar Fugitive a.k.a.Waiting for Lepke — Office boy
An Angel from Texas (1940) — Newsboy
Castle on the Hudson (1940) — Newsboy
Brother Rat and a Baby (1940) — Bellboy
Four Wives (1939) — Florist boy
First Offenders (1939) — Tony
Newsboys' Home (1938) — Newsboy

References
Notes

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

1920 births
1979 deaths
Male actors from Buffalo, New York
Aircraft designers
United States Army Air Forces pilots of World War II
World War II prisoners of war held by Germany
American prisoners of war in World War II
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Air Medal
St. Gregory's University alumni
20th-century American male actors
American aviation record

masks:
John M
. Conroy
John M
. Conroy


texts:
<mask> (born October 30, 1973 in Bucaramanga, Santander) is a Colombian lawyer and presenter. Biography
Her parents are <mask> and Irene Pinto. After finishing high school, Corzo studied at the Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, where she majored in Law. In 1995, during her fifth and final year of college, her family signed her up for the Señorita Santander ("Miss Santander") beauty contest, where she was the runner-up. She considers that if she had won, she would not have finished her college studies, but would have become a model, an actress or a housewife. According to her, she has always fancied working in the media and, although she has worked as a lawyer, she prefers human rights issues because she does not consider herself good at litigating. Media career

After graduating from college, Corzo hosted a radio show about human rights on the Universidad Industrial de Santander station, while working at the Bucaramanga branch of the National Ombudsman's Office.In 1997, she was offered to host a television show at the then brand new TRO local station. She moved to Cali, after getting married. There, she worked at the Office of the Comptroller of the Department. At the same time, she hosted the Noticiero del Pacífico at Telepacífico on weekends. A new transfer of her then husband took her to Bogotá. Since December 16, 2002, she was one of the news presenters at Noticias Caracol (at the time Caracol Noticias) newscast. At Noticias Caracol, Corzo managed –until early 2007– its health segments (previously in charge by Claudia Palacios, who left for CNN en Español in 2004), and between May 2007 and February 2008, presented the weather forecast at the 07:00 newscast.<mask> left Noticias Caracol for five weeks, but returned on March 12, 2008 at the 22:00 newscast. She was to leave because her son asked her to spend more time with him (see Personal life below), but according to one source, the network was flooded with calls from viewers asking for her return. Since April 18, 2009, she hosted En todo su derecho, a specialized section on law, broadcast Saturdays and Sundays at the 12:30 newscast. In October 2009,

masks:
Sivia Milena Corzo Pinto
Mario Corzo
Corzo


texts:
 after a brief contractual dispute, she was moved to the 12:30 weekday newscast and started to present the Código Caracol section for the 19:00 newscast. On late 2006 she co-hosted El mundo hoy, a newscast produced in Colombia and broadcast by the Caracol TV-owned, Key West, Florida-based WGEN-TV station. <mask> co-hosted the newsmagazine Séptimo día, with Manuel Teodoro, since June 10, 2007 until April 2011. She also worked as a legal adviser for Caracol TV.In March 2011, <mask> announced, through her Twitter account, she would replace María Cristina Uribe as presenter of Canal Uno's Noticias Uno since June 2011. Her contract with Caracol TV expired late April 2011. On June 4, 2011, <mask> debuted on Noticias Uno. On December 28, 2014, <mask> presented her last edition of Noticias Uno. In January 2015, she joined RCN Televisión to be both presenter and interviewer of a premiered newsmagazine named "Cuatro Caminos" (literally, The Four Paths), which showed different ways of journalism such as special reports, chronicles, and interviews. She was accompanied by journalists Diego Fajardo and Diana Salinas, and photographer Mauricio Vélez (her current couple). Vélez was later replaced by newsman Felipe Arias.Since August 10, 2015, <mask> became main anchorwoman of the primetime edition of Noticias RCN, replacing Vicky Davila. On April 30, 2016, the news of her irrevocable resignation (apparently due to health problems) was spread by social networks and confirmed hours later. Awards and acknowledgements
In 2004, she was nominated as the Female News Personality of the Year at the Premio INTE, because of her "warmness and reliability", and in 2005 she was awarded with the Premio Canal Caracol to the best female newscaster. In December 2006, she received the Orquídea award to the best female newsreader in Miami. In October 2007, she won a "special mention" in the category for best TV feature or report at the Premio Nacional de Periodismo Simón Bolívar. In November 2007, Corzo shared, with psychiatrist Lucrecia Ramírez, marine biologist Sandra Bessudo, and golfer María José Uribe, a TAG Heuer-sponsored

masks: Corzo Corzo Corzo Corzo Corzo


texts:
 acknowledgement. In 2011, 2013, 2014 and 2016, <mask> was nominated to the India Catalina awards, winning the prize in 2014 as Best News Presenter.In 2016, she was also nominated to the TV y Novelas awards, as Best News Presenter. Personal life
<mask> divorced her first husband; she remarried in December 2006. She divorced again in June 2008. She lives with her son Pablo in Bogotá. Between mid 2015 and the last quarter of 2016, her couple was the photographer Mauricio Vélez. In 2007, Corzo joined a campaign to raise breast cancer awareness, with another Colombian television personalities. In two interviews, Corzo said she joined the campaign because three of her relatives had suffered it.During that same year, she developed the chronic fatigue syndrome, condition of which Corzo was able to overcome very quickly. <mask> stated in an interview that she left Noticias Caracol early 2008 because her son asked her to spend more time with him, and that the network was understanding and supportive of her decision. She stood with the network as a legal adviser / lawyer, presented the Noticias Caracol 12:30 newscast plus Código Caracol on weeknights, the En todo su derecho section on weekends, and continued co-hosting Séptimo día on sundays. In May 2010 she answered a short interview as a part of the special edition  Celebrity Moms issued by the colombian version of Playboy magazine. However at the year end, and to avoid a CFS relapse she took a leave of 2 months. At this time she also was treated for kidney stones. In 2011, she took a brief rest before her debut on Noticias Uno.In November 2012, <mask> participated in a special bikeway parade sponsored by the United Nations's campaign on violence against women, in which were invited several female celebrities of the Colombian show business. References

External links

 Profile – Séptimo día
 Profile – Séptimo día (gentv)
Twitter profile
 Silvia Corzo Fan Club

1973 births
Living people
Colombian television journalists
Colombian women journalists
Colombian television presenters
People with chronic fatigue syndrome
Women television journalists
Colombian women

masks: Corzo Corzo Corzo Corzo


texts:
<mask>na <mask> (; born 21 May 1980) is a Russian operatic soprano. She has been known for lyric and coloratura soprano roles, most notably in operas by Rossini and Mozart. In recent years, she has been taking up heavier and more lyrical roles. She embarked her professional career in Hamburg State Opera's Young Artists' Program and at the Rossini Opera Festival with her collaboration with Alberto Zedda. Following winning second prize in Plácido Domingo's Operalia in 2007, she made her Parisian debut at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées. She was noticed internationally after performing the title role in Stravinsky's The Nightingale in 2009. She has been performing on leading stages since; she made her Vienna State Opera debut in 2013, and Metropolitan Opera debut in 2014.Life and career

Early life
<mask> was born in Leningrad on 21 May 1980. Her mother is an economist while her Ukrainian father, Alexander, is a baritone singer. He sings in the choir of the Mariinsky Theatre instead of pursuing a solo career due to her birth. She briefly learned violin when she was 5 before turning to piano. After her parents' divorce when she was 7, she moved to Visaginas, in the Lithuanian SSR, to live with her mother, during the years of which she earned red-belt in karate. In 1995 she returned to her native city to live with her father. She then joined the Mariinsky Children's Choir, singing second alto, meanwhile studying choral conducting at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory.Contrary to the initial perception and her intention as a mezzo-soprano, she transitioned to soprano when starting private studies with Larisa Gogolevskaya in 2000. She named Joan Sutherland as her inspiration. She travelled to Berlin in 2001 on her first trip to the West.

masks:
Olga Alexandrov
Peretyatko
Peretyatko


texts:
 Impressed, the following year she auditioned and was admitted into the Hochschule für Musik Hanns Eisler Berlin, where she studied under Brenda Mitchell. Due to language constraints, she chose her for her being the seemingly only anglophone teacher available. At the Hochschule, she had her first stage experience with Queen of the Night (The Magic Flute), and subsequently Zerbinetta (Ariadne auf Naxos), Belinda (Dido and Aeneas), Konstanze (Die Entführung aus dem Serail). During her studies, she sought university students who wanted to learn Russian and would offer German in return, to overcome her language barrier, and teamed up with a string quartet performing concerts at hospitals and retirement homes for extra living budget.The experience inspired her to take singing seriously. Career first steps
After three years of studies, <mask> decided to gain professional experience and only graduated in 2009. Her first engagement was in 2004, as Theofane in Harry Kupfer's production of Handel's Ottone at the Kammeroper Schloss Rheinsberg. In 2005, after performing in Rossini's L'occasione fa il ladro at the Saalbau Neukölln Berlin, she was invited to Rossini in Wildbad by its manager in Meyerbeer's Semiramide riconosciuta conducted by Richard Bonynge. From 2005 to 2007, she participated in the Young Artists' Program of the Hamburg State Opera, where she sang roles such as Papagena (The Magic Flute), Marie (Zar und Zimmermann), Oberto (Alcina), Barbarina (The Marriage of Figaro). She participated Alberto Zedda's Accademia Rossiniana in 2006, performing in Il viaggio a Reims (Contessa di Folleville) at the Rossini Opera Festival. Recognizing her lyric soprano potential, Zedda also assigned her the role of Corinna in different performances of


texts:
 the run.She became a frequent guest singer at the Festival, performing Desdemona (Otello, 2007), Giulia (La scala di seta, 2009), Aldamira (Sigismondo, 2010), and the title role in Matilde di Shabran (2012). In 2007, she made her Berlin State Opera debut as a Flowermaiden in Wagner's Parsifal, and performed Olympia in The Tales of Hoffmann at the Komische Oper Berlin. Career rise
<mask> won second prize at 2007 Operalia. Recognised by Dominique Meyer, she was invited to perform in Stravinsky's The Rake's Progress (Anne Trulove) later in November at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, where she would later return for Susanna (The Marriage of Figaro, 2009), and concert performances of Giulietta (I Capuleti e i Montecchi, 2011) and Elvira (I puritani, 2012). She had two engagements at the Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía in 2007/08: the Voice from Heaven in Verdi's Don Carlo conducted by Lorin Maazel, and the Forest Bird in Wagner's Siegfried conducted by Zubin Mehta. In 2008, she sang her first Gilda in Rigoletto at the Teatro Rojas in Toledo, followed by later performances in Lübeck, Bologna, Venice, and Avenches. Other performances included Adele in Die Fledermaus (Lyon), Sofia in Il signor Bruschino (Graz), Fiakermilli in Arabella (Lübeck).She performed at the 2010 edition of La Folle Journée in Nantes in a concert with Sinfonia Varsovia, and Strauss' Four Last Songs in the following edition. <mask> gained international attention for the title role in Robert Lepage's production of Stravinsky's The Nightingale, which premiered in 2009 at the Canadian Opera Company then presented at the 2010 Aix-en-Provence Festival and subsequently at the Opéra de Lyon, the Brooklyn Academy of Music in New York and De Nederlandse Opera in Amsterdam. She made

masks: Peretyatko Peretyatko


texts: her Lausanne Opera debut in Rossini's Otello in 2010, and returned in 2012 for Handel's Alcina, and L'elisir d'amore. She received acclaim for her rendition of Mozart roles, including Blonde in Die Entführung aus dem Serail at the Liceu and Susanna in Florence. The years 2011/12 saw her debuts in some major roles in her career: Adina in L'elisir d'amore in Lille, Lucia in Lucia di Lammermoor in Palermo, and Fiorilla in Il turco in Italia in Amsterdam. In 2012, she sang Adina in Baden-Baden and Lucia at the Deutsche Oper Berlin, and performed in Carmina Burana under Paavo Järvi at the Rheingau Musik Festival. In 2013, she participated in a run of Lucio Silla conducted by Marc Minkowski as Giunia presented at the Mozartwoche, Salzburg Festival, and Musikfest Bremen.She made her Vienna State Opera debut in Gilda, the role she later performed at the Verona Arena, and her Zürich Opera House debut. She returned to the Hamburg State Opera for L'elisir d'amore, in September for Zerbinetta in Ariadne auf Naxos. She was featured as Marfa in the premiere of Dmitri Tcherniakov's production of The Tsar's Bride at the Berlin State Opera, and later at La Scala. She returned to Russia for a solo concert on 26 November 2013 in Moscow with the Russian National Orchestra. In 2014, she made her Metropolitan Opera debut, where she signed for Fiakermilli in Arabella in 2009, but switched to Elvira in I puritani in 2012 for her increasing fame. Apart from engagements as Adina, she performed Fiorilla in a new production at the Aix-en-Provence Festival, and in a revival in Munich. She was featured in the 2014 Concert de Paris, in Bruckner's Te Deum at the Salzburg Festival, and Tancredi in concert form conducted by Alberto Zedda, as well as Montreal Symphony


texts:
 Orchestra's Asian tour.Mid-career
<mask> debuted to rave reviews as Violetta in La traviata at the Lausanne Opera in February 2015, followed by a new production of the same title at the Festspielhaus Baden-Baden. She returned to the Vienna State Opera for I puritani, which she then sang at the Teatro Regio in Turin. She returned to La Scala for Rossini's Otello, and performed in L'elisir d'amore at the Tivoli Concert Hall in Copenhagen and La Monnaie in Brussels. She returned to the Metropolitan Opera for Rigoletto, followed by engagements in the same opera through the season, including revivals at the Teatro Real in Madrid, Vienna State Opera, and a new production at the Opéra Bastille. In 2016, she opened the Vienna Opera Ball together with Plácido Domingo, and performed in Saint Petersburg: Mariinsky Theatre debut in La traviata, and Classics at the Palace Square, concert celebrating the founding of the city. In summer, she returned to the Rossini Opera Festival for Il turco in Italia. Later in the year, she performed in Mozart roles: Donna Anna in Don Giovanni (Berlin State Opera), and Konstanze in Die Entführung (Deutsche Oper Berlin, Zürich Opera House, Théâtre des Champs-Élysées).In 2017, she returned to the Metropolitan Opera for Rigoletto and stepped into a performance of La traviata at short notice. She performed in Lucia di Lammermoor at the New National Theatre Tokyo, and La traviata at the Bolshoi Theatre. In summer, she returned to Berlin State Opera for her first Leïla in Bizet's Les pêcheurs de perles in Wim Wenders's take, conducted by Daniel Barenboim. In 2019, she debuted at The Royal Opera, London, in the role of Norina in Don Pasquale. She debuted in Australia in two concert performances of Donizetti's Maria


texts:
 Stuarda at the Sydney Opera House in March 2022. Personal life
<mask> first lived in Prenzlauer Berg during studies, followed by Nollendorfplatz, where she remained residence. In 2018, she took up residence in Lucerne.<mask> met conductor Michele Mariotti while working on Rossini's Sigismondo in 2010. They married in August 2012. On 29 June 2018 she announced on Facebook the filing of divorce and withdrawal from the upcoming production of Don Giovanni at the Teatro Comunale di Bologna which was conducted by her ex-husband. She then started a relationship with Grigory Shkarupa, fellow Russian bass singer. They married on 26 August 2020 in Saint Petersburg. She gave birth to her daughter Maya on 27 January 2021. Label: Naxos (Naxos Series: Opera Classics), catalogue no: 8.660205-06
2008: La donna del lago, Rossini.Label: Naxos, catalogue no: 8.660235-36
2011: La bellezza del canto, Münchner Rundfunkorchester, Miguel Gómez-Martínez, first solo recital CD (Sony)
2014: Arabesque, NDR Sinfonieorchester, Enrique Mazzola (Sony)
2015: Rossini!, Orchestra del Teatro Comunale di Bologna, Alberto Zedda (Sony)
2017: Russian Light, Ural Philharmonic Orchestra, Dmitry Liss (Sony)
2019: Mozart+, Ivor Bolton, Sinfonieorchester Basel (Sony)

Documentary
 <mask>ko: My Love for Rossini (2016). directed by Gabriele Cazzola. Reference

External links

 <mask> at Sony Classical
 <mask>atko at Bolshoi Theatre

1980 births
Living people
Singers from Saint Petersburg
Russian operatic sopranos
Operalia, The World Opera Competition prize-winners
Sony Classical Records artists
Hochschule für Musik Hanns Eisler Berlin alumni
Saint Petersburg Conservatory alumni
Russian people of Ukrainian descent
Russian expatriates in Germany
21st-century Russian women

masks:
Peretyatko
Peretyatko
Olga Peretyat
Olga Peretyatko
Olga Perety


texts:
<mask> (January 5, 1871 – June 8, 1940), was an American composer of classical music, whose works include four operas and five symphonies. Life and career
<mask> was born in Newton, Massachusetts, the son of Edmund Winchester and Charlotte Augusta (Shepherd<mask>. His father was a successful merchant, and president of the National Tube Works and the Conanicut Mills. <mask>'s higher education was at Harvard College, where he came under the influence of the composer John K. Paine. <mask> had already received instruction in piano playing, and the study of musical theory was a most important part of his college course. Upon his graduation in 1893, his violin sonata (op. 1) was performed and won him highest honors in music.After six months of business life, for which his father had intended him, he returned to the study of composing, Carl Baermann being his teacher in piano, and George W. Chadwick in composition. He then spent two years at the Royal Academy of Music in Munich, where he studied with Joseph Rheinberger, completing the course in 1898. His Symphony in D minor had its first performance on the occasion of his graduation. During 1899–1902, <mask> taught harmony at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston. He then joined the faculty of Harvard University as instructor in music, and was appointed assistant professor in 1905. Two years later he resigned, and afterwards devoted himself exclusively to composition. Among <mask>'s notable students were Alan Hovhaness (1911–2000), Florence Price (1888–1953), and Hisato Ohzawa (1907-1953).He died in Westwood, Massachusetts. Family
He married, 6 June 1894, Emma Tudor, daughter of Frederic Tudor of Brookline, Massachusetts. They had seven children, including five daughters.

masks:
Frederick Shepherd Converse
Converse
) Converse
Frederick Converse
Converse
Converse
Converse


texts:
 Compositions
Even though he was firmly committed to composing in the late Romantic idiom of his European contemporaries, his works often dealt with American subjects. The lush orchestral scoring of his program music has been compared to the early style of Richard Strauss. In 1910, <mask>'s opera The Pipe of Desire became the first American work ever to be performed at the Metropolitan Opera in New York. Today, <mask> is best known for his symphonic poem The Mystic Trumpeter (1904), based on the poem of the same name from Walt Whitman's iconic anthology, Leaves of Grass.With opus number
 Sonata for violin and piano, Op. 1 (pub. 1900)
 Suite for piano Op. 2
 String quartet No. 1, Op. 3
 Waltzes for piano 4-hands Op. 4
 Valzer poetici, Op.5, for piano 4-hands (1896)
 Youth, Op.6, concert overture for orchestra
 Symphony in D minor, Op. 7 (not counted by Converse with his later symphonies)
 Festival of Pan, Op. 9 (first performed by the Boston Symphony Orch., 1899, and by the Queen's Hall Orch. in London, England, 1905.) Endymion's Narrative, Op. 10
 Night and Day, Op. 11, two poems for piano and orchestra, suggested by verses by Whitman
 La Belle Dame sans Merci, Op.12, ballad for baritone and orchestra (words by Keats)
 Violin concerto, Op. 13
 Euphrosyne, concert overture for orchestra, Op. 16
 String Quartet No. 2, Op. 18 (1905), dedicated to the Kneisel Quartet
 The Mystic Trumpeter, Op. 19, orchestral fantasy after Whitman (1904)
 Iolan or The Pipe of Desire, Op. 21, romantic opera in one act, text by George Edward Barton.It has a legendary subject, of Celtic origin, based upon the mingling of the old pagan nature worship and the incoming Christian morality. The story rests upon the principle that man may force the way of his

masks: Converse Converse


texts:
 desires against the divine order but that he pays the penalty. The work is an avowed fantasy. First produced January 31, 1906, Jordan Hall, Boston, Massachusetts in 1906, and in 1909 was the first opera by an American composer to be presented at the 'old' Metropolitan Opera House. Laudate Domine, Op. 22, motet for male chorus, organ, and brasses
 Jeanne d'Arc Op. 23, overture, entr'actes and incidental music to Percy MacKaye's play
 Job, Op.24, a dramatic poem for solo voices, chorus and orchestra
 Serenade, Op. 25, for soprano solo, male chorus, and small orchestra
 Hagar in der Wüste, Op. 26, dramatic narrative for contralto and orchestra
 The Sacrifice, Op. 27, opera in three acts (1910), book by <mask>, lyrics by John Albert Macy after Los Gringos, or an Interior View of Mexico and California, with Wanderings in Peru, Chile, and Polynesia by Lieutenant Henry Augustus Wise, writing as "Harry Gringo". The scene is laid in California at the time of the Mexican War, and the characters, some of whom are Americans, enact a modern tragedy. Three songs for medium voice, Op. 28
 Melody for violin and piano, Op.29
 Ormazd, Op. 30, symphonic poem for full orchestra

<mask> stopped numbering his works after Op. 30 except for the arrangement for band of Laudate Domine (Op. 32), My wish (Op. 61), and Haul Away, Joe!, Op. 91. Without opus number
 Symphony in C minor (written 1919)
 Symphony in E minor (fp 1923)
 Symphony in F major (written 1934)
 Symphony in F minor (completed March 1940)
———
 Sonata for cello & piano
 Silent Noon, reverie for cello and piano (1906)
 Beauty and the Beast, or Sinbad the Sailor, His Adventures with Beauty and the Peacock Lady in the Castle of the Forty Thieves, opera, libretto by Percy MacKaye (1913)


texts:
 (unperformed)
 The Immigrants, opera, libretto by Percy MacKaye (composed 1914) (Planned for the Boston Opera Company's 1914-15 season but unperformed because of the collapse of the company)
 Song of the World Adventurers, words by Percy MacKaye, chorus for mixed voices (part of the Music for the Masque of St. Louis (pub.1914)
 The Peace Pipe, cantata for baritone solo, chorus and orchestra, words from Hiawatha by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1915)
 Flivver Ten Million  (A Joyous Epic Inspired by the Familiar Legend "The Ten Millionth Ford is Now Serving Its Owner"), tone poem for orchestra (1927)
 American Sketches, for orchestra
 Manhattan - The Father of Waters - Chicken Reel - Bright Angel Trail
 Tone poem Prophecy, biblical symphony commissioned by Serge Koussevitsky, written for the Boston Symphony Orchestra and Russian soprano Beata Malkin and dedicated to her (1932). Piano Sonata No. 1 (1937)
 Rhapsody for clarinet and orchestra (1938)

References
Citations

Sources

Kennedy, Michael (2006), The Oxford Dictionary of Music, 985 pages,

External links

 Liner Notes for Naxos CD 8.559116
 List of composers performed and unperformed operas at USOpera.com

1871 births
1940 deaths
19th-century American composers
19th-century classical composers
20th-century classical composers
American male classical composers
American Romantic composers
Harvard College alumni
University of Music and Performing Arts Munich alumni
Musicians from Newton, Massachusetts
Pupils of George Whitefield Chadwick
Pupils of John Knowles Paine
Pupils of Josef Rheinberger
20th-century American composers
Classical musicians from Massachusetts
20th-century American male musicians
19th-century American male musicians
Members of the American Academy of Arts