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 (Jubilee Concert): Paskutinės Pagonių Apeigos (The Last Pagan Rites) / Du Paukščiai Girių Ūksmėj (Two Birds in the Thick of the Woods): Giedrė Kaukaitė / Vilniaus M. K. Čiurlionio vidurinės meno mokyklos choras dir. Rimantas Zdanavičius, Melodiya S10-18773/4
 1985 – Lietuvių Kompozitorių Kūriniai Fortepijonui (Lithuanian Composers' Works for Piano) – Sonata. Together with works by V. Laurušas, F. Bajoras & Osvaldas Balakauskas: Birutė Vainiūnaitė, Melodiya S10 22333 006
 1987 – 1953–1983: Trente Ans De Musique Sovietique: Paskutinės Pagonių Apeigos (The Last Pagan Rites).This is a repress of Melodiya side 18773 above, Le Chant du Monde LDC 78037 (5-LP set)
 1990 – Iš Jotvingių Akmens (From the Yotvingian stone) / Pasaulio Medis (The Tree of the World), Melodiya S10-29285 009
 1990 – Du koliažai: Liuda & Kęstutis Grybauskas – Fortepijoninis Duetas (Piano Duets), Melodiya S10 29435 008

CD
 2001 <mask> Kutavičius: 1) Last Pagan Rites, oratorio for chorus, horn & organ. (organ), 2) Epitaphium Temporum Pereunti, symphony oratorio for chorus & orchestra Conductor . CD, Ondine
 2003 <mask> Kutavičius opera Lokys (The Bear). 2CD, Ondine
 2015 <mask> Kutavičius The Seasons: Oratorio. CD, Toccata Classics. Film scores
Film score by Kutavičius include:
 1978 – , cond. 1978 – , cond.1979 – , cond. 1980 – , cond. 1980 – , cond. Araminas
 1982 – , cond. 1983 – , cond. Vabalas
 1988 – , cond. Lukšas
 1988 – , cond.1990 – , cond. Jonas Vaitkus
 1990 – , cond. Vabalas

Video

Awards
Kutavičius

masks: Bronius Bronius Bronius


type: original

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 received the   in 1987 and the Lithuanian National Prize for Culture and Arts in 1995. He was awarded the prize of the Probaltica Festival in Toruń, Poland, in 1996 for his life's work. He was honoured in 1999 by the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas, and the Polish Officers Cross Order of Poland. In 2003, he was induced in the . Prizes from the Lithuanian Composers' Union included a prize for the best stage work for Ignis et fides in 2003, a prize for the best chamber work for the cello octet Andata e ritorno in 2008, and another prize for best stage work for his music for Carl Theodor Dreyer's silent film The Passion of Joan of Arc in 2010.He  received the prize of the World Intellectual Property Organization in 2003, and a prize "Author of the Year" from the Agency of Lithuanian Copyright Protection Association in 2004. References

Further reading
 Raminta Lampsatis: <mask> Kutavičius: A Music of Signs and Changes. Publisher: Vaga. 1998, Vilnius. <mask> Kutavičius bibliography (editions in various languages, mainly Lithuanian) Panevėžys County Petkevičaitė-Bitė Public Library

External links
 <mask> Kutavičius page on MICL site
 Work list sikorski.de

1932 births
2021 deaths
People from Panevėžys District Municipality
Lithuanian composers
Lithuanian classical composers
20th-century classical composers
21st-century classical composers
Lithuanian opera composers
Recipients of the Lithuanian National Prize
Male classical composers
20th-century male


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<mask> (1941–2015) was an American gay activist and radio personality. He co-hosted The New Symposium on New York City's WBAI from 1968 to 1969, the first weekly public radio program to offer an affirming discussion of homosexuality by openly gay hosts. After the Stonewall Riots, he co-founded the Gay Liberation Front in New York City and continued his audio activism through the program Homosexual News. From 1971 to 1973, his weekly WBAI show Out of the Slough broke barriers as the first freeform radio show centered on gay politics and culture. Early life and family

<mask> was born on July 24, 1941, in Jamestown, New York. His childhood home was at 509 Lakeview Avenue in Jamestown. His father, George B<mask>, Jr. (1905–1997), ran Pitts Home and Garden, a home and hardware store inherited from his father.As a young man, he had been enrolled as a student of philosophy and religion at the University of Chicago, intending to become a minister or social worker, before a family crisis forced him to return to Jamestown. Driven by a social conscience, he integrated his company's workforce, introduced an innovative profit-sharing plan for his employees, and helped create the local community college. <mask> recalled him as a loving, well-intentioned man who provided for his family despite his life's disappointments, and who attempted to love and accept his son while unable to understand his homosexuality and unconventional life. His mother <mask> (1911–2012), was born Frances Warrington Porter in Falconer, New York. After marrying George B<mask>, Jr. she also worked for Pitts Home and Garden, and later in life was involved in founding the Bioregional Conservancy and Reclamation Trust in Maine. Frances and <mask> had four children, including <mask>, his sisters Mary and Martha, and his brother Robert. As a student at Jamestown High School, <mask> already exhibited many of the interests that he would maintain throughout his lifetime.While an

masks:
Charles Pitts
Charles Pitts
. Pitts
Charles
Frances Pitts
. Pitts
George Pitts
Charles
Charles Pitts


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 honor roll student, he found time to explore many hobbies and passions; he participated in the “Lyceum” debating society, served on the editorial committee of the school yearbook, was a school PA announcer, and held the vice president role in the Radio Club. He participated in a group of students that produced a radio program broadcast weekly on local FM stations. A yearbook caption identified him as a “hard worker” with “original ideas,” interested in photography and radio electronics. After high school, Pitts was briefly confined in a psychiatric unit at Gowanda State Hospital, related to his homosexuality. After emerging from the hospital, he began to publicly acknowledge his sexuality to his family and others. Early career

In the early 1960s, <mask> attended Jamestown Community College and worked at WJTN, the town's local radio station. He later studied at Alleghany College in Meadville, PA, where he hosted the college's program on a local radio station.Before moving to New York City, he held positions at several commercial radio stations around the state, including Rochester, Salamanca, and Olean. From 1965 to 1967 he worked for Cine Magnetics in Mamaroneck, NY, where he recorded audio soundtracks for sales presentations and teaching aids on 8-millimeter film, before moving to Manhattan. Move to New York City

In the mid-1960s, <mask> decided to move to New York City. A major impetus for his relocation was to seek treatment from psychotherapist C.A. Tripp, whose perspective that homosexuality constituted “a difference rather than an illness” promised a route towards a more affirming self-understanding. Tripp had worked under Dr. Alfred Kinsey studying human sexuality at the Kinsey Institute, became an advisor to the New York Mattachine Society, and would gain prominence as the author of The Homosexual Matrix, a controversial but influential 1975 book critiquing psychoanalytic perspectives on homosexuality and arguing in favor of

masks: Pitts Pitts


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 social acceptance of homosexuals. Upon arriving in Manhattan, Pitts met with Tripp, joined a therapy group of other gay men led by Wardell Pomeroy, and soon “developed a strong and positive gay identity and a deep anger at the cultural standards that for so long had kept him guilty and unhappy.” While exploring the city's gay world, Pitts also became an active participant in hippie and countercultural circles.During his early years in New York City, <mask> worked as a freelance sound engineer for a range of companies, including recording radio programs and commercials for Cinema Sound, Ltd. And museum and historical site tours for the Acoustiguide Corporation. He performed location dialog recording for various film projects, including the movies Greetings (1968), The Projectionist (1970), and Love and Kisses (1971). He also attended the Woodstock Festival in August 1969, where he worked as a sound engineer with a film crew documenting the performances. Their work would be released in the 1970 documentary film Woodstock; in addition to winning an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature, the film also received a nomination for Best Sound. <mask> appears briefly at 13:40 in the later Woodstock Diary feature, recording the film sound. WBAI Radio and Gay Activism

As a lifelong radio enthusiast, <mask> quickly gravitated to WBAI upon moving to Manhattan, where he worked as an engineer and announcer off and on from 1967 to 1973. Longtime WBAI participant Steve Post recalled that Pitts simply wandered into the studio at some point, announcing his intention to volunteer, and by persistently showing up and taking on tasks had managed to secure engineering and announcing roles at the station.At WBAI, Pitts interacted with a range of countercultural and New Left radicals, whose convictions that “individuals could revolutionize society by thinking and acting in new ways” helped to bolster his determination to live openly as a gay man. His

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 participation in community radio fed directly into his activism in the emerging gay liberation movement. In 1968, Pitts along with Baird Searles, Bill Weaver, and other gay men launched a weekly radio program on WBAI called “The New Symposium.” The program's stated goal was “inspiring a sense of social identification within our subculture.” In contrast to the standard practice of a previous generation of homophile activists who wrote and spoke publicly using pseudonyms, all of the gay men who participated in “The New Symposium” used their legal names. The thirty minute shows featured discussions between the hosts, invited guests, and callers, exploring a wide range of themes relevant to gay men and lesbians. Topics included couples and relationships, the leather scene, physique magazines, gay and lesbian youth, employment, hustlers, cruising, homosexuality in literature, anti-gay violence, and religion. The show became famous in the New York City area gay community, recognized by listeners for the openness of its hosts and its candid conversation on controversial topics that had rarely, if ever, been discussed in public media before. Founding of the Gay Liberation Front

As historian David Carter notes, “<mask>’s position as an openly gay radio personality positioned him to take action in the immediate aftermath of the Stonewall Riots.” Shortly after the riots had taken place, SDS activist Bill Katzenberg contacted Pitts, suggesting that the two discuss creating a radical gay organization.The two arranged to meet, and Pitts invited Pete Wilson, an activist with the New York City Sexual Freedom League and a frequent guest on "The New Symposium." During their meeting, Pitts came up with the slogan that would appear on the flyer promoting the new organization: “Do you think homosexuals are revolting? You bet your sweet ass we are!”

Before the riots, Katzenberg and fellow gay New Left activist John O’Brien had already reserved space at


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 Alternate U for a meeting on July 24. Alternate U, located on the second floor of 530 Sixth Avenue at West 14th Street in Greenwich Village, was “a free counterculture school and leftist political organizing center” and a “radical haven.” Pitts, Katzenberg, and Wilson agreed to promote the July 24th meeting as an opportunity for homosexuals to “make a place for ourselves in the revolutionary movement.”

Pitts joined Katzenberg, Weaver, O’Brien, and about forty other radical homosexuals at the July 24th meeting. Lesbian writer and activist Karla Jay recalled that the crowd included “drag queens, bar dykes, street people, feminists, radical students, leftists, socialists, Marxists, Maoists, anarchists, libertarians, hippies, and former Yippies.” Pitts later recalled the early GLF meetings as “mind-bending,” marked by conflicts over purpose, methods, and strategy, and diverging over whether to focus specifically on homosexuality versus organizing as gay people to participate in the broader revolutionary movement. While participating in the GLF, Pitts continued his exploration of gay themes through radio. In 1969, the WBAI program director fired Pitts for refusing to adhere to the station's music policies.In response, Pitts called a meeting with other staffers at which he argued that the true reason for his termination lay in the fears of heterosexual staffers that the station was “being taken over by homosexuals.” Although he was not reinstated at first, he continued to spend time at the station as a volunteer until he was rehired by different staff some months later. From 1970 to 1971, Pitts co-hosted with Pete Wilson the show “Homosexual News” on WBAI, consisting of reports on local and national current events relating to gay men, lesbians, and sexuality. “Out of the Slough” Program on WBAI

In 1971, WBAI agreed to give Pitts time in the programming schedule to use for his own gay-themed freeform radio show. His new program, titled


texts: “Out of the Slough,” first aired on July 3, 1971. Shows centered around discussions with callers, along with Pitts’ reflections on gay life, current events, and articles from local media as well as music. The show continued until January 1973. The program provided an opportunity for many gay people to connect with others, explore ideas, and express themselves.For example, gay singer-songwriter Michael Cohen, after listening to Pitts’ show, stopped by WBAI to bring him a tape of his songs. Despite getting into “a violent ideological argument” with the young musician, Pitts nonetheless played the tape on his Saturday night show, invited him back to the station to record more tracks, and interviewed him on subsequent shows. Cohen's first self-titled album was recorded at WBAI, engineered and produced by Pitts, including one song recorded live on the air during “Out of the Slough” in September 1972. Cohen went on to release two additional albums on the Smithsonian Folkways record label. Pitts’ show attracted controversy and condemnation from some listeners and WBAI staff. One outraged listener writing to the station in 1972 castigated Pitts as “spiteful, intolerant, and tedious, and a querulous spoiled brat to boot.” Journalist John Dalmas from the Rockland County Journal-News argued that Pitts “has a reputation for being a gay bigot—he puts down gays who don’t swing his way” and claimed that “Out of the Slough” had “done little to advance the cause of gay liberation.” WBAI producer Paul McIsaac, while considering himself both a supporter of gay liberation and a personal friend of Pitts, questioned the show's style and expressed discomfort over the content, particularly its discussion of intergenerational sex. Despite the complaints of its critics, the show proved an important influence for a significant number of young gay men.George Plagianos, who grew up Brooklyn and would go on to become an activist in ACT-UP, remembers that after


texts:
 acknowledging his homosexuality but before actually meeting other gay people, he learned about gay life and politics by listening to Pitts’ show on WBAI. Victor Patin began listening to “Out of the Slough” in eleventh grade, and described how his life was profoundly changed by having Pitts “with me, guiding me, giving me strength” through his voice and the voices of the other gay young people who called and wrote in to the show. R. Paul Martin, host of WBAI's free-form “Back of the Book” radio show, described his importance for the gay community: “By the ‘70s and ‘80s the number of gay men who acknowledged having been educated about gay male life and issues by <mask>s’ broadcasts was astounding.”

In May 1973, <mask> was again fired by WBAI manager Jerry Coffin. While he would continue to spend time at the WBAI studio and appeared as a guest on other shows, he would not host his own program on the station again. Beating and Recovery

Around 4:30 AM on February 18th, 1978, Pitts was violently attacked by a stranger while waiting for a cab home in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan. After spending the evening at a gay leather bar and then eating at an all-night restaurant, he was walking on 22nd Street towards 10th Avenue when an unknown man accosted him and began hitting him. Pitts did not fight back, but attempted to call for help.The attacker eventually began to walk away, but when Pitts attempted to reach a telephone booth to call for help, the man returned and resumed beating him. He lost consciousness, and was eventually transported to St. Vincent’s Hospital by a police officer, where he awoke in the emergency room. The motivation for the attack was unknown. While the attacker did not use any verbal anti-gay slurs, Pitts understood the assault within the broader context of a wave of anti-gay violence taking place in New York City at the time. As he explained in a radio interview a month after the attack, “My getting beaten up

masks:
Charles Pitt
Charles Pitts


texts:
 was necessary for society to continue as it is now; whoever beat me up was also playing his part. These things are necessary in order to continue the oppression of homosexuals.”

Pitts’ injuries were severe, including a splintered nose, a jaw broken in several places that had to be wired together, orbital fractures around the eyes, and major swelling to his head. The damage required a week of recovery at St. Vincent's, followed by a two-week stay at Bellevue where he underwent five hours of plastic surgery.Over the course of the year he underwent five different reconstructive operations, spending 48 days in hospitals. Recovery proceeded slowly, requiring a long regimen of pain medication; he would suffer from chronic pain as a result of his injuries for years. Later life

<mask> continued to work in commercial radio through much of his time in New York City. He served as a Production Engineer at WNCN-FM from 1976 to 1991. In addition to his work miking, recording, editing, and mixing, he wrote a computer program called “Sked” to facilitate scheduling feature broadcasts. His commercial work garnered recognition through several industry awards, including sharing a Peabody Award and a Major Armstrong Award for his work on the program “Conversations with Horowitz,” and another Peabody Award for “New York City Musicbox.” In 1994, he began working at as a production engineer at WQXR until his retirement. <mask> died on May 21, 2015 from lung disease.Social and Political Beliefs

Sexual Freedom

Historian Toby Marotta notes that Pitts marked an exception from the norm among early Gay Liberation Front activists, who had become politicized within the New Left and generally lacked a “strong and positive sense of identification with the gay subculture.” By contrast, Pitts and a few others were “self-taught radicals with strong libertarian biases and little experience in the organized Movement,” which informed his divergent perspective from the


texts:
 nascent sexual politics of the GLF radicals. While many of the young activists criticized gay male sexual culture, condemning promiscuity and anonymous sex, Pitts consistently defended and celebrated it. Pitts insisted that young people were sexual beings and deserved the opportunity to explore their erotic selves with themselves, their peers, and adults. His support for the right of younger and older people to form intergenerational sexual relationships, as he advocated in discussions on his program “Out of the Slough,” proved one of his most controversial topics, attracting significant criticism. Pitts was a practitioner and defender of S&M and a participant in the gay leather community. While emphatically defending the validity of consensual S&M, Pitts joined with other “radical gay sadists” in criticizing the “conservatism, consumerism, hipsterism, and outright sexism” he perceived in gay male leather and S&M communities emerging visibly in the 1970s and exemplified by figures such as filmmaker Fred Halsted and author Larry Townsend. Consumerism

Pitts was a vehement critic of consumerism, particularly its impact on gay communities.In a 1989 letter to his doctor published in the journal And Then, he lamented that before the AIDS epidemic, gay men “bought into an ugly, vicious scene, where one’s value was only what could be currency in that money-culture: money itself, or saleable good looks.” In contrast to the original inclusive, counter-cultural message of gay liberation, he believed, they were “utterly consumed with what they could consume, since their freedom and equality as human beings ended with their wallet or their credit line, whichever went first.”

Free Speech
Pitts passionately advocated for free speech without restrictions. He put this belief into practice in his radio shows, refusing to censor himself or others even when this brought him into conflict with the FCC, station management, listeners, and friends. By the


texts:
 early 1980s, Pitts had become involved in the Libertarian Party. See also

List of LGBT rights activists
Gay Liberation
WBAI
Freeform radio
Gay Liberation Front

References

Further reading

External links
“The New Symposium: The Homosexual.” Listing of episodes from "The New Symposium," 1968–9, from Pacifica Radio Archives
“Stonewall 50—Episode 1: Prelude to a Riot.” Episode of Making Gay History podcast, featuring excerpts from Pitts and “The New Symposium”
. Contains March 31, 1978 WBAI interview with Pitts
“Interview with a Hustler.” Episode of “The New Symposium,” originally airing September 30, 1968, hosted by <mask>s
“Violence in the Homosexual World.” Episode of “The New Symposium,” originally aired November 6, 1968, featuring Pitts along with co-hosts Baird Searles and Kermit Lamb and guest Bob Milne from the Mattachine Society of New York
“The Young Lesbian.” Episode of “The New Symposium,” originally aired August 21, 1968, featuring Pitts along with co-host Barbara Gittings and guests Donna and Kelly
“Homosexual Meeting Places.” Episode of “The New Symposium,” originally aired August 28, 1968, featuring Pitts along with co-hosts Kermit Lamb, Dell Tyson, Leon Smith, and Louis Maleta and guest Craig Rodwell
“Gay Liberation Front at Alternate U,” from the NYC LGBT Historic Sites Project
“<mask> Pitts: Filmography” from the British Film Institute
“GLF meeting, WBAI forum on gay liberation.” Photographs by Diana Davies from the New York Public Library’s Digital Collections. Includes several images of Pitts, who served as radio engineer during this 1970 event. 1941 births
American talk radio hosts
20th-century American journalists
21st-century American journalists
LGBT rights activists from the United States
American male journalists
Journalists from New York City
LGBT broadcasters from the United States
LGBT journalists from the United States
LGBT people from New York (state)
Gay Liberation Front members
2015

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Charles


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<mask> (; born 17 May 1984) is a Russian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. <mask> progressed through the youth ranks at Zenit and after making his debut for the senior team in 2002 has since played his entire club career for the St. Petersburg outfit up until his transfer to Anzhi in 2013. He made his debut for Russia in 2008, going on to feature at Euro 2012 and the 2014 World Cup. He has been the subject of controversy, courting numerous arguments at the club and international level during his professional career. Club career

Zenit

<mask> was born in St. Petersburg and started his footballing career with Turbostroitel before going to Smena, the youth team of Zenit. <mask> signed his first professional contract with Zenit, St. Petersburg's only professional team, after graduating school in 2002. At the age of 18, <mask> made his debut for Zenit in a league match against CSKA Moscow in 2002.He made his breakthrough with the club the following year, scoring twice in 19 appearances. Under Dutch manager Dick Advocaat, <mask> blossomed as a player, developing into an advanced midfield role behind Andrey Arshavin and Aleksandr Kerzhakov, becoming an influential member of the Zenit squad that won their first Russian Premier League title in 2007. On 3 April 2008, <mask> scored Zenit's fourth goal in their 4–1 first leg defeat of Bayer Leverkusen in the quarter-finals of the UEFA Cup match at the BayArena. <mask>'s performances helped Zenit reach the final against Scottish side Rangers on 15 May, after defeating Bayern Munich 5–1 on aggregate in the semi-finals. In the final, <mask> played the full ninety minutes and opened the scoring in the 72nd minute after being played in by winger Andrei Arshavin. Zenit went on to win the match 2–0 and lift the UEFA Cup for the first time in their history. In the resulting UEFA Super Cup, <mask> played the full ninety again, assisting Pavel Pogrebnyak's headed goal as Zenit upset English heavyweight Manchester United 2–1 on 29

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Igor Vladimirovich Denisov
Denisov
Denisov
Denisov
Denisov
Denisov
Denisov
Denisov
Denisov
Denisov


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 August 2008.On 29 June 2010, <mask> extended his contract with Zenit for a further five years. Six months later, on 22 December, <mask> was voted by the fans as the club's "Player of the Year", beating out the likes of playmaker Danny and goalkeeper Vyacheslav Malafeev. On 27 October 2011, <mask> featured in his 300th competitive fixture for Zenit, in the 3–0 defeat of Volga, including 217 matches in the Premier League, 55 in European competition and 28 matches in domestic cup competitions. <mask> finished as runner up behind Malafeev as the club's MVP for the 2011–12 campaign, playing 57 games (starting all of them) whilst scoring one goal and providing eight assists. During the Russian Football Union awards ceremony on 26 May, <mask> was voted as the "Player of the Year" in the Russian Premier League and Zenit won five more club awards for 2011–12 including "Team of the Year." On 11 August 2012, <mask> provided two assists in Zenit's 5–0 defeat of Spartak Moscow. On 3 September, <mask> was voted as Zenit's "Player of the Month" for August after playing all five league games and providing those two assists.Three weeks later, <mask> was demoted to the reserve team for improper behavior according to the club. Following more than a month with the youth side, <mask> was reinstated to the senior squad and began training with them again on 1 November. He made his return to the first team a day later, coming on as a 58th-minute substitute for Viktor Fayzulin in Zenit's 2–1 defeat of FC Rostov. <mask>'s first full match since his return from exile with the youth team came on 6 November in a Champions League group game against RSC Anderlecht, playing the full ninety minutes in a 1–0 loss in Belgium. Anzhi
<mask> announced his move to Russian Premier League club Anzhi Makhachkala for a fee of 15 million euros on 21 June 2013. Dynamo Moscow
On 15 August 2013, <mask> moved along with fellow Anzhi players Yuriy Zhirkov and Aleksandr Kokorin to FC Dynamo for an undisclosed fee. <mask> played in only

masks: Denisov Denisov Denisov Denisov Denisov Denisov Denisov Denisov Denisov Denisov Denisov Denisov Denisov


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 three matches for Anzhi before the cash-strapped club began to sell its players.In April 2015, <mask> was put up for sale by Dynamo and told to train on his own for insulting head coach Stanislav Cherchesov. He returned to Dynamo's lineup in July 2015, after Cherchesov was dismissed as Dynamo's manager and replaced by Andrey Kobelev. Lokomotiv Moscow
On 31 August 2016, he moved on loan to FC Lokomotiv Moscow for the remainder of the 2016–17 season. On 2 February 2017, he signed a permanent deal with Lokomotiv that started at the end of the season upon the expiration of his Dynamo contract. On 27 May 2019, he left Lokomotiv by mutual consent. On 29 May 2019, he announced through his lawyers that he retired from playing. International career
<mask> first featured in the Russian national set up, representing the Under-19 side against Denmark in the second qualifying round for the 2003 UEFA U-19 European Championships.He then went on to captain the Russia U-21 team. <mask> trained with Russia in 2005 but did not get into the team. After a good run of performances at the club level with Zenit, many sports journalists called for <mask> to be included in the squad for the European Championships in 2008, but he did not make the initial squad and later refused to be called up for the provisional 25-man squad of players after a number of injuries. <mask> made his debut for Russia on 11 October 2008 in a FIFA World Cup 2010 qualifier against Germany, a 2–1 loss at Signal Iduna Park in Dortmund. He was confirmed for the finalized UEFA Euro 2012 squad on 25 May 2012. He featured in all three Group A matches, as Russia picked up four points but ultimately failed to qualify for the knockout stage due to their head-to-head record with Greece. On 7 September 2012, <mask> was appointed by new Russia manager Fabio Capello as the captain of the national team in the wake of Andrei Arshavin's absence.On 2 June 2014, he was included in Russia's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad. On 6 June 2016, <mask> was ruled out of

masks: Denisov Denisov Denisov Denisov Denisov Denisov Denisov


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 Euro 2016 with a thigh injury. Controversies
Throughout his career, <mask> has earned a reputation for poor behavior both at the club level with Zenit and at the international level with Russia. In the run up to the European Championships in 2008, <mask> was left out of the original 23-man squad by then manager Guus Hiddink; <mask> was called into the squad after a number of injuries but took umbrage and refused to play as Russia reached the semi-finals losing to eventual champions Spain. In August 2010, he was involved in a road rage incident, where he fought a driving instructor after the learner driver in the instructor's car almost collided with <mask>'s SUV. <mask> injured his foot in the incident and broke the instructor's nose. The instructor refused to press charges.In September 2010, <mask> was involved in a training ground bust up with coach Vladislav Radimov, the argument escalated from a call Radimov made in a practice game and reports claim that <mask> was readying to punch Radimov before teammates physically stopped him. Two months later in a match against Spartak Moscow, <mask> verbally abused Spartak's manager Valery Karpin, subsequently leading to a brawl with both sets of players and a four match ban for the combative midfielder. On 22 September 2012, <mask> was left off the teamsheet for Zenit's 2–2 away draw with Krylya Sovetov. The following day, the club issued a statement that read, "The decision to send <mask> to the youth team for an indefinite period... is connected to the fact that the player issued an ultimatum, refusing to take to the field against Krylya Sovetov after demanding a renegotiation of his contract." According to the Zenit website, <mask>'s current contract runs to 2015 and that he is one of the highest earners in all of the Russian Premier League. Media speculation reported that this pay strike was a result of Zenit's overhaul in the transfer market, bringing in Axel Witsel and Hulk on big contracts and in combined deals worth over $130 million.

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Denisov
Denisov
Denisov
Denisov
Denisov
Denisov
Denisov
Denisov
Denisov
Igor Denisov
Denisov


texts:
 <mask> replied in an interview with Sport Express, stating that his stand-off with club management was over "The proper organisation of the team.And respect for the Russian players which Zenit has always relied upon." Two months after his protest, <mask> released a statement, telling the media that he was finished protesting over his pay strike and has apologised not only to the club but also to the fans, as he was wrong to walk out on the club. On 7 April 2015, he was removed from training with the main Dynamo Moscow squad and transfer-listed by the team for "interfering with the work of the head coach" Stanislav Cherchesov. In November 2015, he was again moved to Dynamo's reserves squad by the new manager Andrey Kobelev after <mask> demanded that the club management fire the club's doctor whom <mask> called incompetent. On 16 April 2018, he was fined 1 million rubles by his club Lokomotiv Moscow for insulting a doping control official during a test. Personal life
<mask> and his wife Elena have four children: Viktoria, born in 2005, <mask> Jnr., born in 2008, and twin sons Ivan and Daniil who were born on 18 December 2011. He owns two South African pitbulls and is known in Russia as being a very good chess player and for never giving interviews to reporters.Career statistics

Club

Notes

Honours
Zenit Saint Petersburg
Russian Premier League: 2007, 2010, 2011–12
Russian Cup: 2009–10
Russian Super Cup: 2008, 2011
Russian Premier League Cup: 2003
UEFA Cup: 2007–08
UEFA Super Cup: 2008

Lokomotiv Moscow
Russian Premier League: 2017–18
Russian Cup: 2016–17, 2018–19

References

External links

1984 births
Living people
Russian footballers
Russia international footballers
FC Zenit Saint Petersburg players
UEFA Cup winning players
FC Anzhi Makhachkala players
FC Dynamo Moscow players
FC Lokomotiv Moscow players
Association football midfielders
Russian Premier League players
Footballers from Saint Petersburg
UEFA Euro 2012 players
2014 FIFA World Cup players
Russia under-21 international

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texts: <mask>Fritz" <mask> (January 5, 1928 – April 19, 2021) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 42nd vice president of the United States from 1977 to 1981 under President Jimmy Carter. A U.S. senator from Minnesota from 1964 to 1976, he was the Democratic Party's nominee in the 1984 presidential election, but lost to incumbent Ronald Reagan in an Electoral College and popular vote landslide. Reagan won 49 states while <mask> carried his home state of Minnesota and the District of Columbia. His vice presidential nominee, U.S. Representative Geraldine Ferraro from New York, was the first female vice-presidential nominee of any major party in U.S. history. <mask> was born in Ceylon, Minnesota, and graduated from the University of Minnesota in 1951 after attending Macalester College. He then served in the U.S. Army during the Korean War before earning a law degree in 1956. He married Joan Adams in 1955.Working as a lawyer in Minneapolis, <mask> was appointed Minnesota Attorney General in 1960 by Governor Orville Freeman and was elected to a full term as attorney general in 1962 with 60% of the vote. He was appointed to the U.S. Senate by Governor Karl Rolvaag upon the resignation of Senator Hubert Humphrey following Humphrey's election as vice president in 1964. <mask> was elected to a full Senate term in 1966 and reelected in 1972, resigning in 1976 as he prepared to succeed to the vice presidency in 1977. While in the Senate, he supported consumer protection, fair housing, tax reform and the desegregation of schools; he served on the Church Committee. In 1976, Jimmy Carter, the Democratic presidential nominee, chose <mask> as his vice-presidential running mate. The Carter–Mondale ticket defeated incumbent president Gerald Ford and his running mate, Bob Dole. Carter and Mondale's time in office was marred by a worsening economy and they lost the 1980 election to Republicans Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush.In 1984, <mask> won the Democratic presidential nomination and campaigned for a nuclear freeze, the Equal Rights Amendment, an increase in taxes, and a reduction of U.S. public

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 debt. <mask> and Ferraro lost the election to the incumbents Reagan and Bush. After his defeat, <mask> joined the Minnesota-based law firm Dorsey & Whitney and the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs (1986–1993). President Bill Clinton appointed <mask> U.S. Ambassador to Japan in 1993; he retired from that post in 1996. In 2002, <mask> became the last-minute choice of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party to run for Senate after Democratic Senator Paul Wellstone died in a plane crash less than two weeks before the election. <mask> narrowly lost the race to Saint Paul mayor Norm Coleman.He then returned to working at Dorsey & Whitney and remained active in the Democratic Party. <mask> later took up a part-time teaching position at the University of Minnesota's Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs. Early life
<mask> <mask> was born on January 5, 1928, in Ceylon, Minnesota, to Theodore Sigvaard <mask>, a Methodist minister, and Claribel Hope (née Cowan), a part-time music teacher. <mask>'s half-brother <mask> became a Unitarian minister. <mask> also has two brothers, Clarence, known as Pete (1926–2014), and William, known as Mort. His paternal grandparents were Norwegian immigrants, with some distant German ancestry. <mask>'s paternal grandfather Frederik Mundal had emigrated from Norway with his family in 1856, eventually settling in southern Minnesota in 1864.The surname "<mask>" comes from Mundal, a valley and town in the Fjærland region of Norway. His mother was born in Iowa, the daughter of an immigrant father, Robert Cowan, who was born in Seaforth, Ontario; she was of Scottish and English descent. Due to the Great Depression, <mask> grew up in poverty. His family moved from Ceylon to Blue Lake in 1934, and to Elmore in 1937. Throughout his youth, <mask> was influenced heavily by his father's religious beliefs, being in favour of the civil rights movement. In 1948, his father died of a stroke. <mask> attended public schools and then Macalester College for two years before transferring to the University of Minnesota, from which he graduated cum laude with a

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 Bachelor of Arts degree in political science in 1951.As <mask> could not afford to attend law school, he enlisted in the United States Army in 1951, shortly after graduating. He served at Fort Knox during the Korean War, first as an armored reconnaissance vehicle crewman, and later as an education programs specialist. He attained the rank of corporal and was discharged in 1953. <mask> enrolled at the University of Minnesota Law School, aided by the G.I. Bill, and graduated cum laude with a Bachelor of Laws in 1956. In law school, he served on the Minnesota Law Review and as a law clerk for Minnesota Supreme Court Justice Thomas F. Gallagher. In 1955, <mask> married Joan Adams, whom he met on a blind date.He then practiced law in Minneapolis for four years before entering politics. Entry into politics
<mask> became involved in national politics in the 1940s. At age 20, he was visible in Minnesota politics by helping organize Hubert Humphrey's successful Senate campaign in 1948. Humphrey's campaign assigned <mask> to cover the staunchly Republican 2nd district. <mask>, who had grown up in the region, was able to win the district for Humphrey by a comfortable margin. After working with Humphrey, <mask> went on to work on several campaigns for Orville Freeman. <mask> worked on Freeman's unsuccessful 1952 campaign for the governorship as well as his successful campaign in 1954 and his 1958 reelection campaign.In 1960, Freeman appointed Mondale Minnesota Attorney General following the resignation of Miles Lord. At the time he was appointed, <mask> was 32 years old and had been practicing law for four years. He was elected to the post in his own right in 1962. During his tenure as Minnesota Attorney General, the case Gideon v. Wainwright (which ultimately established the right of defendants in state courts to have a lawyer) was being heard by the U.S. Supreme Court. When those opposed to the right to counsel organized a friend of the court brief representing several state attorneys general for that position, <mask> organized a countering friend of the court brief from many more state attorneys general,

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 arguing that defendants must be allowed a lawyer. He also continued the investigation of former Minneapolis mayor Marvin L. Kline and the mismanagement of the Sister Kenny Foundation. At the 1964 Democratic National Convention, <mask> played a major role in the proposed but ultimately unsuccessful compromise by which the national Democratic Party offered the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party two at-large seats.<mask> also served as a member of the President's Consumer Advisory Council from 1960 to 1964. U.S. Senator

On December 30, 1964, Minnesota Governor Karl Rolvaag appointed <mask> to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy created by Hubert Humphrey's resignation; Humphrey had stepped down after being elected Vice President of the United States. <mask> was elected to the Senate for the first time in 1966, defeating Republican candidate Robert A. Forsythe by a margin of 53.9% to 45.2%. In 1972, Democratic presidential candidate George McGovern offered <mask> an opportunity to be his vice-presidential running mate. <mask> declined. That year, <mask> was re-elected to the Senate with over 57% of the vote, even as Republican President Richard Nixon carried Minnesota.He served in the 88th, 89th, 90th, 91st, 92nd, 93rd, and 94th congresses. Policies
<mask> worked hard to build up the center of the party on economic and social issues. Unlike his father, a fervent liberal, he was not a crusader for the New Deal. Instead, he realized that the Democratic base (especially ethnic blue-collar workers) was gradually moving to the right, and he worked to keep their support. <mask> showed little or no interest in foreign policy until about 1974, when he realized that some foreign policy knowledge was necessary if he had loftier aspirations than the Senate. He developed a centrist position, avoiding alignment with either the party's hawks (such as Henry M. Jackson) or its doves (such as McGovern). <mask> took a liberal position on civil rights, which proved acceptable in Minnesota, a state with "a minuscule black population".<mask> was a chief sponsor of the federal Fair Housing Act, which

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 prohibits discrimination in housing and created HUD's Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity as the primary enforcer of the law. During Lyndon Johnson's presidency, <mask> supported the Vietnam War. After Nixon became president in 1969, <mask> began to oppose the war and participated in legislation to restrict Nixon's ability to prolong it. <mask> supported abortion rights. Committees
<mask> rotated on and off numerous committees, including the Aeronautical and Space Sciences Committee; the Finance Committee; the Labor and Public Welfare Committee; the Budget Committee; and the Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee. He also served as chairman of the Select Committee on Equal Education Opportunity and the Intelligence Committee's Domestic Task Force. He additionally served as chairman of the Labor and Public Welfare Committee's subcommittee on Children and Youth and the Senate subcommittee on social security financing.In 1975, <mask> served on the Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, chaired by Idaho Senator Frank Church, that investigated alleged abuses by the Central Intelligence Agency and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Documents declassified in 2017 show that the National Security Agency had created a file on <mask> as part of its monitoring of prominent U.S. citizens whose names appeared in Signals intelligence. Apollo 1 accident (1967)
In 1967, <mask> served on the Aeronautical and Space Sciences Committee, then chaired by Clinton P. Anderson, when astronauts Gus Grissom, Ed White, and Roger Chaffee were killed in a fire on January 27 while testing the Apollo 204 (later renumbered Apollo 1) spacecraft. NASA Administrator James E. Webb secured President Lyndon Johnson's approval for NASA to internally investigate the cause of the accident according to its established procedures, subject to Congressional oversight. NASA's procedure called for Deputy Administrator (and de facto general manager) Robert C. Seamans to appoint and oversee an investigative panel. In February, a reporter leaked to Mondale the existence of an

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texts: internal NASA report issued in 1965 by Apollo program director Samuel C. Phillips, detailing management, cost, delivery, and quality problems of the Apollo prime contractor North American Aviation. In the February 27 hearing, <mask> asked Webb if he knew of such a report.Webb had not yet seen the December 1965 written report, so he responded in the negative. Seamans had passed along to Webb neither the written report nor the briefing presentation made to him in January 1966 by Phillips and Phillips's boss, Manned Space Flight Administrator George Mueller. Both Seamans and Mueller had also been called to testify at this session. Mueller denied the report's existence, though he must have been aware of it, as he had appended his own strongly worded letter to the copy sent to North American Aviation president Lee Atwood. Seamans was afraid <mask> might be in possession of a copy (he was not), so he admitted that NASA often reviewed its contractors' performance, with both positive and negative results, but claimed that was nothing extraordinary. Under repeated questioning from Mondale, Webb promised that he would investigate whether the "Phillips Report" existed, and if so, whether a controlled release could be made to Congress. Immediately after the hearing, Webb saw the Phillips report for the first time.The controversy spread to both houses of Congress and grew (through the efforts of <mask>'s fellow committee member, Republican Margaret Chase Smith to include the second-guessing of NASA's original selection in 1961 of North American as the prime Apollo spacecraft contractor, which Webb became forced to defend). The House NASA oversight committee, which was conducting its own hearings and had picked up on the controversy, was ultimately given a copy of the Phillips report. While the committee, as a whole, believed that NASA should have informed Congress of the Phillips review results in 1966, its final report issued on January 30, 1968 concluded (as had NASA's own accident investigation completed on April 5, 1967) that "the findings of the [Phillips] task force had no effect on the accident, did

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 not lead to the accident, and were not related to the accident". Yet <mask> wrote a minority opinion accusing NASA of "evasiveness,... lack of candor, ... patronizing attitude exhibited toward Congress, ... refusal to respond fully and forthrightly to legitimate congressional inquiries, and ... solicitous concern for corporate sensitivities at a time of national tragedy". <mask> explained his actions in a 2001 interview: "I think that by forcing a public confrontation about these heretofore secret and deep concerns about the safety and the management of the program, it forced NASA to restructure and reorganize the program in a way that was much safer." Vice Presidency (1977–1981)

When Jimmy Carter won the Democratic nomination for president in 1976, he chose <mask> as his running mate. <mask> campaigned for the ticket in various states.While campaigning in Toledo, Ohio he said that the country needed a strong president to stop inflation and added that President Gerald Ford did not have the guts to stand up to big businesses. The ticket was narrowly elected on November 2, 1976, and <mask> was inaugurated as Vice President of the United States on January 20, 1977. Under Carter, <mask> traveled extensively throughout the nation and the world advocating the administration's foreign policy. His travels also included a visit to the , which was on station at the time in the Indian Ocean, during the Iran hostage crisis. <mask> was the first vice president to have an office in the White House and established the concept of an "activist Vice President". He began the tradition of weekly lunches with the president, which continues to this day. More importantly, he expanded the vice president's role from figurehead to presidential advisor, full-time participant, and troubleshooter for the administration.Subsequent vice presidents have followed this model. In 1979, Twin Cities Public Television produced a documentary about his trip to Norway, titled <mask>: There's a Fjord in Your Past, a play on the well-known advertising slogan "There's a Ford in Your Future". <mask> cast one tie-breaking vote in the U.S.

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 Senate on November 4, 1977, allowing the Social Security financing bill to be passed. 1980 election

Carter and <mask> were renominated at the 1980 Democratic National Convention, but soundly lost to the Republican ticket of Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush. That year, <mask> opened the XIII Olympic Winter Games in Lake Placid, New York. Carter and <mask> were the longest-living post-presidential team in American history. On May 23, 2006, they had been out of office for 9,254 days (25 years, 4 months and 3 days), surpassing the former record established by President John Adams and Vice President Thomas Jefferson, both of whom died on July 4, 1826.On September 8, 2012, Carter surpassed Herbert Hoover as the president with the longest retirement from office. On April 23, 2014, <mask> surpassed Richard Nixon as the vice president with the longest retirement from office at 12,146 days (33 years, 3 months and 3 days). At the time of his death, <mask> was the oldest living U.S. vice president and Carter was (and remains) the oldest living U.S. president. Post-vice presidency (1981–2021)

1984 presidential campaign

After losing the 1980 election, <mask> returned briefly to the practice of law at Winston and Strawn, a large Chicago-based law firm, but he intended to return to politics before long. <mask> ran for the Democratic Party presidential nomination in the Democratic presidential primaries preceding the 1984 election, and was soon the front-runner. His opposition included Reverend Jesse Jackson and Senator Gary Hart from Colorado. Hart won the New Hampshire primary in March, but <mask> had much of the party leadership behind him.To great effect, <mask> used the Wendy's slogan "Where's the beef?" to describe Hart's policies as lacking depth. Jackson, widely regarded as the first serious African-American candidate for president, held on longer, but <mask> gained the nomination with the majority of delegates. At the Democratic National Convention, <mask> chose U.S. Representative Geraldine Ferraro from New York as his running mate, making her the first woman nominated for that position by a


texts: major party. Aides later said that <mask> was determined to make a historic choice with his vice presidential candidate, having considered San Francisco Mayor Dianne Feinstein (female and Jewish); Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley, an African American; and San Antonio Mayor Henry Cisneros, a Mexican American, as finalists. Others preferred Senator Lloyd Bentsen because he would appeal to the Deep South, or even nomination rival Gary Hart. Ferraro, as a Catholic, was criticized by some Catholic Church leaders for being pro-choice.Much more controversy erupted over her changing positions about the release of her husband's tax returns, and her own ethics record in the House. Ferraro was on the defensive throughout much of the campaign, largely negating her breakthrough as the first woman on a major national ticket. She was also the first Italian American to reach that level in American politics. When <mask> made his acceptance speech at the Democratic Convention, he said: "By the end of my first term, I will reduce the Reagan budget deficit by two‑thirds. Let's tell the truth. It must be done, it must be done. Mr. Reagan will raise taxes, and so will I.He won't tell you. I just did." While this was meant to show that <mask> would be honest with voters, it was instead largely interpreted as a campaign pledge to raise taxes to spend on domestic programs, which was unappealing to many voters. <mask> ran a liberal campaign, supporting a nuclear freeze and the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). He spoke against Reagan's economic policies and in support of reducing federal budget deficits. But the incumbent was popular and <mask>'s campaign was widely considered ineffective. <mask> was also perceived as supporting the poor at the expense of the middle class.In the first televised debate, <mask> performed unexpectedly well, which led many to question Reagan's age and capacity to endure the grueling demands of the presidency (Reagan was the oldest person to serve as president—73 at the time—while <mask> was 56). In the next debate on October 21, 1984, Reagan deflected the issue by quipping, "I will not make age an

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 issue of this campaign. I am not going to exploit, for political purposes, my opponent's youth and inexperience." <mask> was defeated in a landslide, receiving 37,577,352 votes (40.6% of the popular vote), and winning only the District of Columbia and his home state of Minnesota (even there his margin of victory was fewer than 3,800 votes), securing only 13 electoral votes to Reagan's 525. The result was the worst electoral college defeat for any Democratic Party candidate in history, and the worst for any major-party candidate since Alf Landon's loss to Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1936. Private citizen and ambassador

<mask> returned to private law practice with Dorsey & Whitney in Minneapolis in 1987. From 1986 to 1993, he chaired the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs.During Bill Clinton's presidency, he was United States Ambassador to Japan from 1993 to 1996, chaired a bipartisan group to study campaign finance reform, and was Clinton's special envoy to Indonesia in 1998. Until his appointment as Ambassador to Japan, <mask> was a Distinguished University Fellow in Law and Public Affairs at the Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs at the University of Minnesota. In 1990, he established the Mondale Policy Forum at the Humphrey Institute. The forum has brought together leading scholars and policymakers for annual conferences on domestic and international issues. <mask> spoke before the U.S. Senate on September 4, 2002, delivering a lecture on his service, with commentary on the transformation of the office of the Vice President during the Carter administration, the Senate cloture rule for ending debate, and his view of the future of the Senate. The lecture was a part of a continuing Senate "Leaders Lecture Series" that ran from 1998 to 2002. 2002 U.S. Senate election and beyond

In 2002, Democratic Senator Paul Wellstone from Minnesota, who was running for reelection, died in a plane crash 11 days before the November 5 election.<mask> replaced Wellstone on the ballot at the urging of Wellstone's relatives. The Senate seat was the one <mask> had held before resigning

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 to become vice president in 1977. During his debate with the Republican nominee, former St. Paul Mayor Norm Coleman, <mask> emphasized his experience, while painting Coleman as right-wing partisan in-line with then-president Bush. <mask> unexpectedly lost the election, receiving 1,067,246 votes (47.34%) to Coleman's 1,116,697 (49.53%). Upon conceding defeat, <mask> said, "At the end of what will be my last campaign, I want to say to Minnesota, you always treated me well, you always listened to me." In 2004, <mask> became co-chairman of the Constitution Project's bipartisan Right to Counsel Committee. He endorsed Senator Hillary Clinton for president in 2008.On June 3, 2008, following the final primary contests, <mask> endorsed Senator Barack Obama, who had clinched the nomination the previous evening, and won the presidency. Following the presidential election of 2004 and the midterm elections of 2006, <mask> is seen talking with Al Franken about the possibility of the latter running against Coleman for Senate in 2008 in the documentary Al Franken: God Spoke. In the film, <mask> encourages Franken to run, but cautions him, saying that Coleman's allies and the Republican Party would look for anything they could use against him. Franken ultimately ran and won the 2008 Senate election by 312 votes, with Coleman contesting the election results until June 30, 2009. <mask> and Senator Amy Klobuchar stood with Franken in the United States Senate chamber when Franken was sworn in on July 7, 2009. <mask> then stood again with Senator Amy Klobuchar when Tina Smith was sworn in on January 3, 2018. He endorsed Klobuchar for president in February 2019.Family and personal life

<mask>'s wife, <mask>, was a national advocate for the arts and was the Honorary Chairman of the Federal Council on the Arts and Humanities during the Carter Administration. On February 3, 2014, she died at a hospice in Minneapolis surrounded by family members. The <mask>s' eldest son, Ted, is an entrepreneur and the CEO of Nazca Solutions, a technology fulfillment venture. He is also a former Minnesota state senator. In 1998, <mask>

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 unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for Minnesota governor, running as a fiscal moderate who had distanced himself from labor. The Mondales' daughter, Eleanor, was a television personality. She also had radio talk shows in Chicago and a long-running program on WCCO (AM) in Minneapolis.She died of brain cancer at her home in Minnesota on September 17, 2011, at age 51. Their younger son, William Hall <mask>, is a former assistant Attorney General of Minnesota. <mask> had a residence near Lake of the Isles in Minneapolis. He was a Presbyterian. He enjoyed fishing, reading Shakespeare and historical accounts, barbecuing, skiing, watching Monty Python, and playing tennis. <mask> was the recipient of numerous distinctions. He was inducted into Omicron Delta Kappa as an honoris causa initiate at the University of South Carolina in 1981.<mask> also maintained strong ties to the University of Minnesota Law School. In 2002 the school renamed its building <mask> F. Mondale Hall. <mask> contributed cameo appearances to the law school's annual T.O.R.T. ("Theater of the Relatively Talentless") productions and allowed his name to be used as the nickname of the school's hockey team: the "Fighting Mondales". <mask> had deep connections to his ancestral Norway. Upon entering the Senate in 1964, he took over the seat of vice president Hubert Humphrey, another Norwegian-American. In later years, <mask> served on the executive committee of the Peace Prize Forum, an annual conference co-sponsored by the Norwegian Nobel Institute.On December 5, 2007, Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs Jonas Gahr Støre announced that <mask> would be named Honorary Consul-General of Norway, representing the Norwegian state in Minnesota. In 2015, <mask> was awarded the Public Leadership in Neurology Award from the American Academy of Neurology for raising awareness for brain health, having lost both his wife and daughter to brain diseases. Death

<mask> died of natural causes in his sleep at his home in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on April 19, 2021, at the age of 93. The day before his death, he had several phone

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 conversations with Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, Joe Biden, Kamala Harris, and Minnesota governor Tim Walz. <mask> also emailed a final message to his staff, as he and his family had come to the conclusion that "his death was imminent". At the time of his death, <mask> was the oldest living former U.S. vice president, his place being taken by Dick Cheney. Carter said in a statement: "Today I mourn the passing of my dear friend <mask>, who I consider the best vice president in our country's history [...] Rosalynn and I join all Americans in giving thanks for his exemplary life, and we extend our deepest condolences to his family."Carter had last seen <mask> in person at the Carter Center in June 2019. President Biden gave tribute to <mask> in a public statement, calling <mask> a "dear friend and mentor" that had "defined the vice presidency as a full partnership, and helped provide a model for my service." On April 20, 2021, Biden ordered all flags at government properties, office buildings and public grounds to be flown at half-staff until that Tuesday evening in honor of <mask>. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, funeral services for <mask> were delayed. Two public services were planned for September 2021, one in his home state of Minnesota and the other in Washington D.C.; both were later postponed. Electoral history

Records
In the "Walter F. Mondale Papers" at the Minnesota Historical Society, digital content is available for research use. Contents include speech files, handwritten notes, memoranda, annotated briefings, schedules, correspondence, and visual materials.The collection includes senatorial, vice presidential, ambassadorial, political papers and campaign files, and personal papers documenting most aspects of <mask>'s 60‑year-long career, including all of his public offices, campaigns, and Democratic Party and other non-official activities. The University of Minnesota Law Library's Walter F. Mondale website is devoted to <mask>'s senatorial career. <mask>'s work is documented in full text access to selected proceedings and debates on the floor of the Senate as recorded in the

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<mask> (31 May 1948 – 18 April 1991), initially credited as <mask>, was an English record producer, musician and an original partner/director at Tony Wilson's Factory Records. <mask> produced albums by artists including Joy Division, the Durutti Column, Magazine, John Cooper Clarke, New Order, Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark and Happy Mondays. His distinctive production style used unorthodox sound recording and technology and has been described as sparse, spatial, and cavernous. Early life
Born in Manchester, England, <mask> was raised in a working class, Catholic family in Miles Platting, Manchester; he attended Corpus Christi school and Xaverian College in Rusholme. In 1967, he went to the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST), where he earned a degree in chemistry but chose not to pursue the profession. Career
<mask>'s uncle was a bass player and gave his nephew a bass guitar when he was 14. <mask> played bass with Spider Mike King and as member in a band called Paradox, in 1973, alongside Paul Young, later of Sad Café and Mike + The Mechanics.<mask>'s production work began with the animation film soundtrack All Kinds of Heroes, written by Steve Hopkins (with whom <mask> later worked again). By this time, he also began to mix live sound at pub gigs. Other early production works included Greasy Bear material, Belt & Braces Road Show Band's eponymous album in 1975 and five songs from Pete Farrow's repertoire recorded at Pennine Studios, Oldham, later included on Farrow's compilation album Who Says There's No Beach in Stockport. He attracted more musical attention in 1977, when, as <mask>, he produced the first independent punk record, Buzzcocks' Spiral

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texts: Scratch EP. Under the same moniker he produced early records by punk poet John Cooper Clarke, whose Salford monotone was complemented by drum machines, simple synthesiser motifs and <mask>'s bass playing. Jilted John's first single (titled "Jilted John") was <mask>'s first hit single. <mask> became closely associated with Joy Division; his production incorporated looping technology to treat musical notes with an array of filters, echoes and delays.<mask> had a collection of BBD echo devices which he called his "bluetop echo and delay boxes". The Cargo Recording Studios in Rochdale were used for the recording of Digital, Glass, Atmosphere, Dead Souls and Ice Age. <mask>'s unorthodox production methods resulted in drum sounds mixed with synthesisers that were complex and highly distinctive. According to <mask>: "There was a lot of space in [Joy Division's] sound. They were a gift to a producer, because they didn't have a clue. They didn't argue. A Factory Sample was the first thing I did with them.I think I'd had the new AMS delay line for about two weeks. It was called 'Digital'. It was heaven sent." <mask> produced U2's first international single, "11 O'Clock Tick Tock", which was released in May 1980. He was set to produce their debut album, Boy, but after the suicide of Joy Division singer Ian Curtis, <mask> was too distraught to work and backed out. A rift developed with Factory and he sued them in 1982 over various financial matters. The dispute was eventually settled out of court; the lawsuit is listed as part of the Factory Records catalogue as FAC61.When <mask> returned to produce the Happy Mondays he worked as a freelance producer and was not reinstated as a Factory director.

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 Personal life and death

Susanne O'Hara was <mask>'s girlfriend from 1972 until 1984. They lived together from 1975 in Chorlton and Didsbury, in Manchester. O'Hara worked with <mask> at Music Force, a musicians' cooperative in Manchester, until it closed when <mask>'s production career began to develop, around 1979. After Factory, <mask>'s career declined due to his heavy use of alcohol and drugs, especially heroin; his weight eventually reached 26 stone (165 kilograms, 364 pounds). <mask> died on 18 April 1991 at the age of 42 in Manchester, as a result of heart failure. He was survived by his wife Wendy, son James and stepdaughter Tania.His headstone at Southern Cemetery, Manchester pays him tribute as the creator of "The Manchester Sound". Legacy
A film documentary about <mask>'s life was released on DVD on the 23rd anniversary of his death on 10 April 2014. A book was released the same day, <mask> – Pleasures of the Unknown by Chris Hewitt. Another book by Hewitt, <mask>, His Equipment and Strawberry Studios, was published on 26 January 2016 to coincide with the 50th anniversary of Strawberry Recording Studios. Several weeks after his death, Factory Records released "Martin: The Work of <mask>" (FACT325) as a tribute. <mask> was portrayed by Andy Serkis in the 2002 film 24 Hour Party People, which was based on Tony Wilson's career as the co-founder of Factory Records and The Haçienda nightclub. In the DVD commentary, Wilson notes a review that described <mask> as Serkis' "strangest role" and points out that Serkis is best known for his portrayal of Gollum in Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings trilogy.Wilson concludes that the reviewer's implication is correct, that indeed, <mask>

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 was far stranger than the Lord of the Rings character. <mask> was portrayed by Ben Naylor in Anton Corbijn's film Control (2007). Selected discography

Albums produced

 Belt & Braces Road Show Band – Belt & Braces Road Show Band LP 1975 private pressing – rare- tracks issued on Hannett Maverick Producer compilation CD
 Pete Farrow, Who Says There's No Beach in Stockport? recorded 1977 issued 2001 on CD by Ozit Morpheus and on Maverick Producer Hannett compilation CD
 John Cooper Clarke – Disguise in Love 1978
 Jilted John – True Love Stories 1978
 The Durutti Column – The Return of the Durutti Column 1979
 Joy Division – Unknown Pleasures 1979
 Pauline Murray and the Invisible Girls – Pauline Murray and the Invisible Girls 1979
 Basement 5 – 1965–1980 and In Dub 1980
 John Cooper Clarke – Snap, Crackle & Bop 1980
 Joy Division – Closer 1980
 Magazine – The Correct Use of Soap 1980
 The Psychedelic Furs – The Psychedelic Furs 1980 (songs "Susan's Strange" and "Soap Commercial")
 Various Artists - A Factory Quartet 1980 - Three tracks by The Durutti Column and six by The Royal Family and the Poor. The work of record producer <mask>
  <mask> explaining his production of Pauline Murray and the Invisible Girls' "The Visitor" song. A page about working with <mask> in the early 1980s

1948 births
1991 deaths
Alumni of the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology
Buzzcocks
English record producers
English male guitarists
Male bass guitarists
English new wave musicians
People from Miles Platting
Factory Records artists
Factory Records
20th-century English musicians
20th-century English bass guitarists
20th-century British male musicians
Burials at Southern Cemetery,

masks:
Hannett
Martin Hannett
Martin Hannett
Martin


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<mask> (, also known as "<mask>"; 1957 – 9 March 2014) was a politician in Afghanistan who served as Vice President from June 2002 until December 2004 and from November 2009 until his death. Between September 2001 and December 2004, he also served as Defense Minister under the Afghan Transitional Administration. As military commander of the Northern Alliance, Fahim captured the Afghan capital Kabul in the fall of 2001 from the Taliban government. In 2004, President Hamid Karzai provided Fahim the honorary title Marshal and a year later, he became member of the House of Elders. He later became a recipient of the Ahmad Shah Baba Medal. Fahim was a member of Afghanistan's Tajik ethnic group. He was affiliated with the Jamiat Islami (Shura-e Nazar) party of Afghanistan.Early years
<mask> was born in Omarz, a small village in the Panjshir Province of Afghanistan. He was the son of Qala Dar from the Panjshir Valley. He is reported to have finished his studies in Islamic Sharia law at an Arabic institute in Kabul in 1977. Most reports show that he had been fighting the Communist rulers since the late 70s. A TOLOnews video chronicling his life reports that Fahim joined the Muslim Youth Movement of Afghanistan while he was still in college. He fled Afghanistan after the Communist coup of 1978, he became a refugee in Peshawar. He returned to Panjshir and began to work under Commander Ahmad Shah Masood.Careers
When the Soviet-backed Afghan government collapsed in 1992, Fahim became a key member in the new government. He was appointed head of the Afghan intellgicence service KHAD, under interim president Sibghatullah Mojaddedi. He continued to serve as the country's head of intelligence under president Burhanuddin Rabbani. In 1996, Fahim personally offered to evacuate former President Mohammad Najibullah, then in custody in Kabul, from the advancing Taliban forces, but Najibullah refused to be evacuated and was captured and executed by a Taliban mob. Fahim continued to serve as head of the Intelligence and Minister of National Security of the internationally

masks:
Mohammad Qasim Fahim
Marshal Fahim
Fahim


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 recognised United Islamic Front Government, even when it was ousted and the Taliban took the power over most provinces of Afghanistan in the second half of the 1990s. During this time of Taliban-reign in Afghanistan Fahim was active as military commander for the United Islamic Front in the north of Afghanistan, especially in Panjshir and Mazar-i-Sharif. As Defense Minister
On 9 September 2001, Ahmad Shah Massoud, Afghanistan's most important resistance leader and Defense Minister of the ousted but international recognized government, was assassinated by al-Qaeda operatives posing as journalists.Two days later, <mask> was confirmed as the new defence minister of the United Islamic Front (Northern Alliance), succeeding Massoud. Fahim was a close ally and protégé of Massoud. In the wake of building pressure of the US against the Taliban regime after September 11, 2001, as general commander of the mujahideen resistance forces, Fahim became America's main proxy in the fight against the Taliban. He was anxious to start a military offensive and even pledged to launch an attack against the Taliban, without waiting for US military action, saying: "Today we have a chance to defeat the Taliban and the terrorists, and we will use it whatever the cost." On 7 October, the day the US started bombing Taliban targets, he proclaimed an offensive on the northern and western fronts. On October, 20, a US team of Green Berets landed in Afghanistan and teamed up with Fahim. On 30 October, Fahim met with American General Tommy Franks where they discussed the idea to launch the first major strike of the war against Mazar-e-Sharif, a city that Fahim a month earlier named as the first city that he would conquer.Mazar-e Sharif was captured by opposition forces on 9 and 10 November and only a few days later, the Taliban evacuated Kabul. US President George W. Bush had requested that opposition forces would not enter the city before a new, broad-based, multi-ethnic government was formed. But Fahim went into the city with a group of specially trained security personnel, although he


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 made sure to leave the main body of his troops outside the city. At the end of November, forces loyal to Fahim captured the city of Kunduz. That brought Fahim in charge of two of the five biggest cities, since other main cities were captured by militias of Gul Agha Sherzai and Hamid Karzai (Kandahar), Ismail Khan (Herat) en Abdul Rashid Dostum (Mazar-e-Sharif). In the first days after the fall of Kabul, a supreme military council, headed by Fahim, was set up to administer the captured parts of the country. The military council gave itself a three-month mandate in which they proclaimed not to hand over the power to United Islamic Front president Burhanuddin Rabbani.Formation of an interim government in Bonn

During these three months, the international community sponsored a conference on Afghanistan in Bonn to decide about the future leadership of the country. With crucial US military help, the opposition forces had captured virtually all of Afghanistan from the Taliban in the beginning of December 2001, and in Bonn the formation of an interim administration was discussed. As the US started bombing Afghanistan in the fall of 2001, it became clear that the United Islamic Front of Fahim would play an important role in the transition government that would emerge after the Taliban was ousted. However, since Fahim lacked Massoud's magnetism, his role as opposition leader was generally seen as temporary. When in the first weeks of US bombardments Fahim's forces did not make any large breakthroughs, it was speculated that he was struggling with his role and he appeared wooden and awkward in front of his troops. But although Fahim was described as colorless, it was clear that as the leader of the main military forces that were fighting the Taliban, Fahim had to play a central role in any possible government that would succeed the Taliban. In the talks in Bonn Fahim took a leading role, together with two other young and moderate Tajik leaders from the United Islamic Front (UIF), Yunus Qanuni and dr. Abdullah.After the death of Massoud, this trio had de facto been


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 leading the United Islamic Front. <mask> was reportedly advocating a broad-based government headed by someone outside the leadership of the United Islamic Front. According to sources Fahim lobbied for Hamid Karzai as the next Afghan president instead for his formal leader Rabbani. The Bonn conference bypassed President Rabbani and appointed Hamid Karzai as Interim President. Qanuni, Abdullah and Fahim all got crucial posts in the new government. Initially there was some fear that the trivium of former Massoud-aides could overshadow Karzai, but at the same time, they were praised for giving away the chairmanship while they controlled Afghanistan militarily. As commander of Afghans largest military force, <mask> was appointed Defence minister of Afghanistan.At the same time, he was one of the five vice-chairs of the Interim Administration. Together with Abdullah and Qanuni, one of the most dominant figures in the interim administration. Vice-Chairman of the Interim Administration
In the interim administration, Karzai much needed the support of <mask>. Karzai was the official chairman of the executive committee of the government, but as commander of the most effective military force commanding the capital, Fahim had the real power. Since Fahim was afraid a large international peace keeping force would take away his power base, he argued for a limited number of foreign troops in Afghanistan. Karzai, however, was less afraid of international involvement, and might even fear a Tajik hegemony of Afghanistan without them. After the inauguration ceremony on 22 December 2001, where <mask> was installed as minister of Defence and vice-chair of the interim government, he requested that international forces leave the capital.He "would no longer accept foreign troops in Afghanistan operating without a UN mandate," Fahim said. Later he demanded that 100 British servicemen who just had entered the country leave Bagram Air Base. "The British forces perhaps have an agreement with the UN but not with us," said Fahim. He also stated that a UN force should not exceed 1,000

masks: Fahim Fahim Fahim Fahim


texts: men and should play a very limited role in Afghan politics and that his own forces could eradicate sources of instability. His own Northern Alliance forces should police Kabul, said Fahim, because he said that his troops in Kabul were security troops, not military. Fahim discussed the deployment of foreign troops with US Generals and Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld who demanded the presence of a large international force. Fahim was in charge of the meetings with the British General John McColl to establish the exact task, length of stay and size of international forces.Reportedly, <mask> refused to meet McColl until Rumsfeld pressured him and told him to meet the British general. In the end, it was decided that an international security force of a few thousand troops would be deployed, but that they would agree to Fahim's demands to not take control of Kabul and not start immediately disarming Afghan militias. Of the approximately 3,000 men that would be deployed, 2,000–3,000 men would be deployed in a garrison in the center of Kabul. Of the 30,000 men, only a third would be deployed for security reasons, the others would receive logistical and humanitarian tasks. Another important task for the British and Americans would be the training of the Afghan troops. Fahim expressed the wish to build an Afghan army of around 250,000 men. After the negotiations, The Telegraph described Fahim as someone who is popularly known as "the village and Pansher valley idiot," but who actually very shrewd.When the first foreign troops of the peacekeeping mission arrived on 20 December 2001, Fahim said "They won't be needed for security." "They are here because they want to be," and because the United Nations Security Council sent them to Afghanistan to prevent another civil war, Fahim said, but insisted that their presence was merely symbolic and that the foreign troops were not supposed to use force. "Some ministers in the new government who have always lived outside the country are worried about security and they feel they need the peacekeepers for protection, but when


texts: they arrive here they will see that the situation is OK and that it is not necessary" Fahim added, possibly hinting at Chairman Karzai who lived for years in Pakistan. The heavily armed units of northern alliance soldiers who swept into Kabul will be withdrawn from the streets, Fahim added, but they will not leave the capital. There was not only a disagreement between Fahim and Karzai about the size of the peacekeeping force, but also about the duration they were supposed to stay in Afghanistan. Fahim indicated that the international forces should leave after six years, but Karzai said that they would stay "as long as we need them, six years as a minimum". As Defense Minister, Fahim had the task to unite the country's disparate armed groups.A daunting task, since Fahim's own troops had so far shied away from vast stretches of southern and eastern lawless lands under the sway of armed former Taliban warriors, most of them members of the dominant Pashtun ethnic group. Still, although a sometimes bumbling and awkward figure in public, and especially unpopular with the Uzbek minority, Fahim quietly had gained control of the Northern Alliance's fractious military commanders. He continued to hold this control, even when Abdul Rashid Dostum, the most powerful Uzbek warlord who had taken control of the city of Mazar-e-Sharif and who was very critical of the Bonn Agreement, was appointed his deputy. But the cooperation between the two strongmen didn't start easy, already after a month forces of Dostum were clashing with forces of Fahim over control of a district in Kunduz Province. The dispute erupted after his forces tried to disarm soldiers from a rival military unit. When those troops resisted, a firefight broke out, killing three soldiers. On 29 December, Fahim urged the Americans to stop their bombing campaign on Afghanistan, because bin Laden had probably fled Afghanistan and moved to Peshawar in Pakistan."Osama is out of our control," Fahim said. A day later, however, foreign minister Abdullah Abdullah stated that they did not know where bin Laden was and


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 that air raids will continue "for as long as it takes to finish off the terrorists." Relations with other states
As Minister of Defence in his first months, Fahim traveled extensively to neighbouring countries to build relations between the new government and Afghanistan's most influential neighbours. When US-envoy to Afghanistan Zalmay Khalilzad said in January 2002 that Iran might be backing Afghan fighters in an attempt to unsettle the Karzai-government, <mask>, who visited the Iranian minister of Defense half January, stated that there was no sign of Iran "creating insecurity". At the end of January 2002, <mask> set in on a meeting of Karzai met with United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan and spoke with the two of them about security issues. First term as Vice President

During the 2002 loya jirga, where a new transitional government was formed, Fahim supported the candidacy for president of Karzai. In turn he retained as vice-president and defense minister.In the summer of 2002, American officials are said to have picked up intelligence that Fahim was considering an attempt to assassinate Karzai, as a result of which, in July 2002, US Special Forces wrested presidential bodyguard duties away from soldiers loyal to Fahim. The move followed the assassination earlier in the month of one of Karzai's vice presidents, Abdul Qadir, a powerful Pashtun warlord and Karzai ally. As Defense Minister, he toured army bases in the United Kingdom, negotiated security issues with US General Tommy Franks and Canadian Defense Minister John McCallum, NATO Secretary General George Robertson, visited Moscow and Washington, DC. He also replaced 15 ethnic Tajik generals with officers from the Pashtun, Uzbek and Hazara ethnic groups, although he was accused of delaying reforms that would have required him to replace his Tajik generals with a more ethnically balanced officer corps. The reform was a precondition for carrying out a $200 million UN-sponsored plan to pay off and disarm 100,000 militiamen loyal to the warlords. While holding the position, he continued to

masks: Fahim Fahim


texts: command his own militia which he inherited from the United Front or more commonly known as the Northern Alliance. However, on 10 December 2003, he ordered part of his militia to transport their weapons to an Afghan National Army installation near Kabul.On 12 September 2003, Miloon Kothari, appointed by the United Nations Commission on Human Rights to investigate housing rights in Afghanistan, announced that many of the government ministers including Fahim and Education Minister Yunus Qanuni were illegally occupying land and should be removed from their posts. However, three days later, Kothari sent a letter to Lakhdar Brahimi, the head of the UN in Afghanistan, saying he had gone too far in naming the ministers. In 2004, many expected Karzai to name <mask> or Qanuni as candidate for vice-president in the upcoming presidential election, but he named Ahmad Zia Massoud instead. Subsequently, Fahim backed the candidacy of his fellow Tajik, Yunus Qanuni for president. After Karzai's victory, <mask> was not reappointed Defense Minister and was succeeded by his deputy Abdul Rahim Wardak. Karzai dropped <mask> from his cabinet to rebalance the Ministry of Defence, and as a result of intense pressure from various foreign organizations who viewed Fahim as a major bottleneck in the disarmament process. He was dismissed in August 2004.Fahim also had no higher education, and article 72 of Afghanistan's constitution states that an appointed Minister to the President's cabinet should have a higher education. In a decree made in December 2004, Karzai, who called Fahim his "close friend and confidant" confirmed that Fahim would hold the rank of Marshal, Afghanistan's highest, for life. Years after his death, at a gathering of <mask>'s supporters and Afghan politicians, Marking the 5th anniversary of his death, Hazara leader Muhammad Mohaqiq, defending Fahim's military title arguing "When he was given the title of Afghanistan's Marshal by the former president, he deserved it. Because the Mujahideen had won the war against the occupier forces." Although Fahim lost his


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 formal role in the government, he remained a powerful and influential figure in Afghanistan. In 2006, Karzai, faced with a resurgent Taliban, returned Marshal <mask> to Government as an advisor. Some Afghan analysts attest that, despite losing his military position, Fahim remained a very powerful figure in the country."[He] is particularly popular among people in the north, because he had fought Soviet Russia, and later the Taliban and Al-Qaeda. He spent many years fighting aggressors." (Erada, 2005)

Later in the year 2006, Karzai said, "Marshal <mask> is one of the sons of our [mujahedin], a patriot and [a man who loves] his country. I have a great deal of respect for Marshal <mask>. He has been my close friend and confidant. He has his own unique place in Afghanistan. He has been a respectable military man.He is a five-star general. And he is a senator." Regarding his decision in appointing Marshal <mask> as one of his advisors, Karzai added that "I hope that officially as my adviser, he will continue to cooperate with me. He comes to all of the National Security Council meetings. He is my dear brother. No one can ever reduce the respect that Marshal <mask> has earned for himself." (Azadi Radio, 5 April 2006) Throughout his time as a public figure, he has had persistent accusations of corruption and human rights abuses.When he died, the American-led coalition simply expressed condolences to <mask>'s family. Fahim was a member of the (now defunct) political party United National Front, a broad coalition of former and current strongmen, mainly with a basis in the United Islamic Front. Second term as Vice President
In 2009, <mask> was chosen by incumbent President Karzai as candidate for first Vice President in the 2009 presidential election. Fahim by then had a reputation as one of Afghanistan's most powerful, brutal and corrupt warlords. Karzai's decision to include him on his ticket therefore dismayed international observers. Many in Kabul alleged Marshal <mask> was at the time involved in criminal activities, including kidnapping for ransom. By

masks: Fahim Fahim Fahim Fahim Fahim Fahim Fahim Fahim


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 choosing <mask> as his vice-president, Karzai was said to have stained his own credibility even further.But for Karzai such considerations were trumped by <mask>'s status as a leading member of Afghanistan's Tajik minority (the second largest ethnic grouping after Karzai's Pashtun community), which helped to split the Tajik vote which might otherwise have gone to Karzai's Tajik rival, Abdullah Abdullah. The election was won by Karzai and from 19 November on, <mask> again served as vice president. Assassination attempts

<mask> survived several assassination attempts. His convoy was targeted when a mine exploded underneath the central car in Fahim's convoy. He had been on an official visit to the eastern city of Jalalabad "to discuss a new government campaign to stop farmers growing poppies for the opium trade and other issues with local commanders and tribal leaders." (BBC, 8 April 2002)

Fahim survived another attack later in 2002. This time, the man behind the attack was arrested by the intelligence agency.The alleged person carried with him "22 pounds of explosives in the pockets of his jacket, attached to wires and apparently ready to explode." (The New York Times, 24 November 2002)

In June 2003, a bomb was found in front of his home. Later in the year, the head of his personal security died at the hands of a suicide bomber. <mask> survived another assassination attempt in the northern Kunduz province. Only 26 July 2009, as the running mate of President Karzai for the 2009 elections, his convoy was attacked in an ambush staged by the Taliban. The Taliban attacked <mask>'s convoy using automatic rifles and rocket propelled grenades. Peace negotiations of 2010
On the celebrations of Nowruz, New Year's Day, of 1389 (21 March 2010) in Mazar-i-Sharif in Northern Afghanistan, Fahim reached out to militants.He declared that, with their input, a coming national conference would lay the foundations for a peace that would end the Taliban insurgency. He called on resistance forces to participate in a jirga, or assembly, planned for late April or early May. He

masks: Fahim Fahim Fahim Fahim Fahim Fahim


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 pledged that the Afghan government "will try to find a peaceful life for those Afghans who are unhappy," a euphemism for militants, though he didn't mention the Taliban by name. Afghans had travelled from across the country to Mazar-i-Sharif united behind the wish that the advent of a new year would bring them peace. According to the police, up to half a million people are in the city to mark the spring equinox and the first day of the traditional Afghan new year and celebrated across Central Asia and Iran. Mazar is at the heart of one of the most peaceful regions of the country. City police chief Abdul Rauf Taj said that 4,000 security personnel had been deployed against insurgent attacks and that all visitors were being screened at seven check points around the city perimeter.The Peace Jirga took place in Kabul on 2–4 June 2010. Other activities

He was a member of the leadership council of the United Islamic Front, a coalition of top national and regional leaders. Other members included former President Professor Burhanuddin Rabbani, House Speaker Yunus Qanuni, Vice-president Ahmad Zia Massoud. In June 2007, <mask> stated that his advisory role was merely symbolic and that he never had the chance to advise the President. He further said that after the 2004 elections President Karzai formed a "one-sided" cabinet and began to employ unilateralism as his main policy driver. <mask> argued that without the backing of foreign forces, President Karzai's regime would not last longer than a week. In 2009, he was one of Karzai's running mates in the presidential election, bringing a lot of Tajik votes to the ticket.The selection was condemned by Human Rights Watch. In September 2010, an Afghan news agency reported that Fahim had died of cancer in Paris, France. An official statement was later released by Fahim, who said: "I am completely healthy. I request the Afghan people not to trust news published by irresponsible websites". Death
Fahim's last years were beset by health problems which required hospital treatment in Germany. He died of a heart attack on 9


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 March 2014. Karzai called Fahim's death "a huge loss for Afghanistan" and the government of Afghanistan called for a three-day national mourning period.The UN called him in a statement "a good and trusted partner of the UN." Prime Minister of India while emphasizing his role in fostering India-Afghanistan relations called him as "a brave and fearless military commander, whose contribution to Afghanistan's stabilisation and reconstruction after over three decades of war and conflict will always be remembered. Marshal <mask> was also a close friend of India. We shall never forget his personal contribution to nurturing and strengthening the India Afghanistan strategic partnership." Ambassador James Cunnigham of the United States called him  "a leader during the Jihad, and that he played a major role in moving Afghanistan toward moderation." After his death, the Afghan National Defense University was renamed Marshal Fahim National Defense University (MFNDU). His death came only a few weeks before Karzai was due to step down from the presidency, and as NATO forces pull out of Afghanistan, added to the prevailing atmosphere of fear and uncertainty.His life and legacy is commemorated annually on 9 March in Kabul and other provinces. References

External links

Afghanistan Online Biography of <mask> Fahim
globalsecurity.org – Afghanistan Politics: <mask> Fahim
Azadi Radio, Karzai Interview
Official Biography as the member of Afghanistan's senate
Erada Weekly, 2005
Afghan minister escapes blast, BBC 8 April 2002
Another Assassination Attempt Is Stopped, The New York Times, 24 November 2002
Adviser calls Karzai a weak, foreign-influenced leader, The Daily Times, Monday, 4 June 2007
The Real Winner of Afghanistan's Election, Foreign Policy Magazine, 31 August 2009

1957 births
2014 deaths
Members of the House of Elders (Afghanistan)
Vice presidents of Afghanistan
People of the Soviet–Afghan War
Field marshals
Afghan expatriates in Pakistan
Afghan military officers
Afghan Tajik people
Afghan warlords
United National Front (Afghanistan) politicians
Survivors of

masks:
Fahim
Mohammed Qasim
Mohammed Qasim


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<mask> (11 June 1874 – 11 December 1967) was an Austrian composer, music author and teacher. Born in Vienna, <mask> studied composition with Robert Fuchs at the Vienna Conservatory. After working there as a repetiteur and choral instructor from 1900, he taught music (theory of harmony, counterpoint, form) from 1903 to 1938, being professor from 1915. Among his students were Herbert von Karajan, Rudolf Serkin, Erich Leinsdorf, Samuel Barber, Erich Zeisl, Louis Horst, Marlene Dietrich, Alois Hába, Hellmut Federhofer, and Mimi Wagensonner. Fired from the Vienna Conservatory due to his Jewish heritage in 1938, he emigrated to the US in 1939 and taught at the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia. His students there included Leonard Bernstein and Eugene Bossart. From 1941 to 1950 he taught at St. Michael's College in Vermont, where he maintained emeritus status until 1960.He died in Montpelier, Vermont in the United States. Biography

Early life

<mask> was born in Vienna, in the same year as Arnold Schoenberg. His Jewish parents had come from Hungary. His father, Samuel Stern, was a professor of medicine at the University of Vienna. His mother, Mathilde, was a member of the Porges family (her brother was Heinrich Porges, a close associate of <mask>). <mask> had one sibling, a sister named Hedwig (birth date unknown) who would later perish in Modliborzyce in the custody of the Nazis on January 2, 1942. Study in

masks:
Richard Franz Stöhr
Stöhr
Richard Stöhr
Richard Wagner
Stöhr


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 Vienna
He began composing at the age of six and kept a daily diary from the age of 15.<mask> first obtained an M.D. degree (1898) but immediately entered the Vienna Academy of Music as a composition student of Robert Fuchs. At this time he also changed his name from Stern to <mask> and converted to Christianity. In the annual summary of his diary from 1898 he wrote:

This was the year the big change occurred. Herewith I have sealed the fate of my future life. Now I am a musician and I carry this responsibility seriously, consciously and without regret. At the same time came the actual change of my name to "<mask>", on which I had decided already in the summer.It was just the right time for this and I am glad I didn't miss it. I am certain that in the future advantages will come from this for me. He was also encouraged in his musical activities by Heinrich Porges, who helped him get around in Viennese musical circles, and who introduced him to Gustav Mahler, among others. Career in Austria
After completing his studies with Fuchs and earning a PhD in music (1903) he first worked at the Academy as a rehearsal pianist and choir director. Soon he was teaching courses in theory, composition and the history of music, and coaching chamber music. When Fuchs retired in 1911, <mask> took over his most advanced courses and he became a professor of music theory at the Academy in 1915. That same year he was called up to serve

masks: Stöhr Stöhr Stöhr Stöhr


texts: as a doctor by the Austrian army.He served in a hospital in the suburbs of Vienna and was able to live at home and continue teaching at the Academy. The length of his service is unknown. The extent of his success as an author and composer is summed up the diary summary of 1909: "Of even greater importance for me was the success of my "Harmonielehre", of which the first edition was already sold out in June and has therefore already appeared in the second edition. The critiques of this work were extremely positive from all sides. The performances of my compositions reached such frequency this season that some newspapers even commented that this was inappropriate." <mask> was married to his first wife in 1904, a marriage which lasted only three years. In 1909 he met his second wife Marie (Mitzi).As he was unable to obtain a divorce from his first wife, <mask> and Marie lived together from 1909 until 1923, when they were finally able to marry. Their children <mask> and Hedwig (Hedi) were born in the 1920s. In this decade he solidified his status as a leading musical theorist and also published treatises and textbooks on counterpoint and musical form. He also performed frequently as a pianist and he was able to have virtually all of his compositions published. Before his exile there were hundreds of performances of his works annually in Europe. Around 1930, Austria's dismal economy and growing antisemitism prompted

masks: Stöhr Richard Richard