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 Bergin lived in New Jersey and served as a bishop for the LDS church and later as a counselor in the Eastern States Mission Presidency.It was also while at Columbia that <mask> co-edited the Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change with Sol Garfield; the book was named a social science citation classic.0

In 1972 <mask> joined the faculty of BYU in part as a result of the encouragement of Thomas. During his years there, he also served in LDS Church positions as a Bishop, a Stake President, and member of the Church-wide Sunday School General Board. He and his wife, Marian, later served a Church Education Mission at the Lajolla, CA. Institute of Religion for students at the University of California-San Diego. <mask> Pfister Award in Religion and Mental Health" from the American Psychiatric Association in 1998, and the "William James Award in the Psychology of Religion" from Division 36 of the American Psychological Association in 1990.He has acknowledged the significant influence of colleagues who have collaborated with him, particularly Sol Garfield, Hans Strupp, Michael Lambert, and Scott Richards. Dr. Eric Swedin wrote, "The American Psychological Association awarded him the prestigious Distinguished Professional Contributions to Knowledge award in 1989, citing him as a 'leading expert in psychotherapy research' and for challenging 'psychological orthodoxy to emphasize the importance of values and religion in therapy.'" Bergin also has a special place in the history of psychologists and researchers who are members of the LDS Church, who traditionally work hard to harmonize scholarship and religion and to

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 reconcile any differences between the truths discovered in science with the truths they believe to be revealed by God. <mask> and <mask> are the parents of nine children, and have eighteen grandchildren and sixteen great-grandchildren. Marian

Important publications
<mask>, A.E., & Garfield, S.L. (1971). Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change: An empirical analysis.New York: Wiley. <mask>, A.E., & Strupp, H.H. (1972). Changing frontiers in the science of psychotherapy. Chicago: Aldine-Atherton. Garfield, S.L., & <mask>, A.E. (1978).Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change: An empirical analysis 2nd edition. New York: Wiley. <mask>, A. E. (1980). Psychotherapy and religious values. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 95-105
Garfield, S.L., & <mask>, A.E. (1986). Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change 3rd edition.New York: Wiley. <mask>, A.E., & Garfield, S.L. (1994). Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change 4th edition. New York: Wiley. <mask>, A.E. (1996)."Life and Testimony of an Academic Clinical Psychologist." In S.E. Black (Ed.) Expressions of Faith. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1996. Richards, P.S., & <mask>, A.E. (1997).A spiritual strategy for counseling and psychotherapy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Richards, P.S., & <mask>, A.E. (2000). Handbook of psychotherapy and religious diversity. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. <mask>, A.E.(2002). Eternal values and personal growth: A guide on your journey to spiritual, emotional, and social wellness. Provo, Utah: BYU Studies. Richards, P.S., & <mask>, A.E. (2004). Casebook for

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 a spiritual strategy in counseling and psychotherapy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Richards, P.S., & <mask>, A.E. (2005). A spiritual strategy for counseling and psychotherapy 2nd. edition. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Castonguay, L.G., et al. (2010)."Bringing psychotherapy research to life"  Wash, DC: American Psychological Assn. Lambert, M.J. (2004,& 2013). "Bergin and Garfield's Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change" 5th & 6th editions. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Richards, P.S. & <mask>, A.E. (2014)."Handbook of Psychotherapy and Religious Diversity" 2nd. edition. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Sternberg, R.J. (2003). "The Anatomy of Impact:  What Makes The Great Works of Psychology Great." American Psychological Assn., 2003. Swedin, E.G.(2003). "Healing souls: Psychotherapy in the Latter-day Saint Community." Urbana: University of Illinois Press. References

External links
 <mask>: Encounters with B.F. Skinner, Carl Rogers, and Albert Ellis
 Mormon Scholars Testify: <mask>in
 Life and Testimony of an Academic Clinical Psychologist: <mask>in
 <mask><mask>, "Letter to Editors", Open Theology vol. 2016

Living people
1934 births
American psychologists
Psychologists of religion
Converts to Mormonism
American leaders of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Reed College alumni
Brigham Young University alumni
Stanford University alumni
Teachers College, Columbia University faculty
Brigham Young University faculty
Latter Day Saints from Washington (state)
Latter Day Saints from New

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<mask> (December 4, 1924 – January 29, 2020) was an American geophysicist. He was an advisor to four U.S. presidents, and later served two consecutive terms as president of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (1981–1993). He was the author of 160 scientific papers and co-author of the textbooks Earth and Understanding Earth. <mask> served on the President's Science Advisory Committee during the Kennedy and Johnson administrations, and was appointed by President Richard Nixon to the National Science Board. In 1977 he was appointed President Jimmy Carter's Science Advisor and Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, serving until 1981. Early life and career
Born in Brooklyn, New York, <mask> graduated with a B.S. degree from the City College of New York (1944) and completed his M.A.(1946) and Ph.D. (1949) degrees at Columbia University under Maurice "Doc" Ewing. As one of Ewing's two assistant professors, (with J. Lamar "Joe" Worzel as the other) <mask> was a co-founder of Lamont Geological Observatory (now Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory) in Palisades, N.Y. Originally trained as an oceanographer, <mask> participated in research cruises on the sailing vessels RV Vema and RV Atlantis. In the early 1950s, <mask> turned to seismology, co-authoring with Ewing and Jardetzky a seminal monograph on elastic waves in layered media. In 1957, <mask> was recruited by Caltech to

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 succeed founder Beno Gutenberg as director of the Seismological Laboratory, a position in which he remained until 1965. The appointment was controversial in that it passed over both Hugo Benioff and Charles Richter, then the laboratory's senior professors, for a much younger outsider. <mask>' accomplishments in this period include the design of a long-period seismograph, and the first detection of the Earth's normal modes of oscillation ("bell ringing"), excited by the Great Chilean earthquake, a pioneering application of digital processing to seismic recordings.<mask> was also closely involved in the construction of a lunar seismograph, first deployed by the Apollo 11 astronauts (see Lunar seismology). Later career
In 1965, <mask> moved to MIT as department head of Earth and Planetary Sciences, where, with significant support from philanthropist Cecil H. Green, he revitalized what had been an overly traditional geology department by hiring new faculty members. He remained at MIT until 1976, and during this time, his work included collaborations with Vladimir Keilis-Borok and Leon Knopoff on computer pattern matching techniques that could be applied to earthquake prediction. In 1976, <mask> became Science Advisor to President Jimmy Carter and director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy. He played a key role in the formation of the National Committee on Scholarly

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 Communication with the People’s Republic of China. In 1981 he was elected president of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and was re-elected in 1987, serving for a total of 12 years. In 1996, <mask> co-founded WAG (the Washington Advisory Group, later known as the Advisory Group at Huron), a global consulting company with clients that included approximately 50 leading universities.WAG played a notable role all phases of the founding of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) in Thuwal, Saudi Arabia. <mask> chaired that university's international advisory committee until 2010. <mask> is the recipient of 30 honorary degrees. Named in his honor are <mask>, which in the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica; and Osedax frankpressi, a species of whalebone-eating marine worm. Notable accomplishments
President of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (1981–1993)
Chairman of the National Research Council (1981–1993)
Science Advisor to the President of the United States, Office of Science and Technology Policy (1977–1981)
Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy (1977–1981)
Professor of Geophysics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Chairman of the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences
Professor of Geophysics at California Institute of Technology and Director of the Caltech Seismological Laboratory
Life Member of the Corporation of MIT
Board member of

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 the Rockefeller University, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), the Marine Biological Laboratory, and the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
Member of the advisory council of CRDF Global
Named three times most influential American scientist in annual surveys by U.S. News and World Report

Personal life
He was the father of physicist William H. <mask>. Awards
 U.S. National Medal of Science
 Vannevar Bush Award
 Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement (1962)
 Gold Medal, Royal Astronomical Society (1971)
 Pupin Medal, Columbia University
 Maurice Ewing Medal of the Society of Exploration Geophysicists (1982)
Japan Prize from the Emperor of Japan (1993)
 Lomonosov Gold Medal, Russian Academy of Sciences (1997)
 Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur, France
 Pick and Gavel Award, Association of American State Geologists (2007)

Publications
 Press, F. and R. Siever. (2001).Understanding Earth. W.H. Freeman. <mask>, F. (1998). The role of geoscientists in providing credible advice to government officials. Abstracts with Programs – Geological Society of America, 30(7): 247. <mask>, F. (1995).Growing up in the Golden Age of Science. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 23: 1–9. <mask>, F. and Allen, C. (1995). Patterns of seismic release in the Southern California region. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100(B4): 6421–6430. <mask>, F. (1995).

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texts: Needed: Coherent budgeting for science and technology.Science, 270(5241): 1448-1450. <mask>, F. (1994). The restructuring of science in research universities in the post-industrial society. Abstracts with Programs – Geological Society of America, 26(7): 154. <mask>, F. (1991). Geoscience education as viewed from the National Academy of Sciences. Journal of Geological Education, 39(2): 98-100.<mask>, F. (1991). Science and the public welfare. Earthquakes and Volcanoes, 22(3): 93. <mask>, F. (1990). The role of education in technological competitiveness. International Journal of Continuing Engineering Education and Life Long Learning, 1(4): 311–318. DOI: 10.1504/IJCEELL.1991.030366.<mask>, F. (1988). An international decade for natural disaster reduction. USGS Open-File Report No. 88-0361, pp. 53–61. <mask>, F. and R. Siever. (1986).Earth. W.H. Freeman. <mask>, F. (1984). Science and creationism. Geotimes, 29(5): 9. <mask>, F. (1981).Science and technology in the White House, 1977 to 1980; Part 1. Science, 211(4478): 139–145. <mask>, F. (1981). Science and technology in the White House, 1977 to 1980; Part 2. Science, 211(4479): 249–256. <mask>, F. (1975.)Earthquake Prediction. Scientific American, 232(5): 14–23. <mask>, F. (1974). Structure of the Earth and Moon: A Comparison. Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 55(4): 323. <mask>, F. (1972). The Earth and the

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 Moon.Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, 34(8): 732. <mask>, F. and D.T. Griggs. (1959). Probing the earth with nuclear explosions. Rand Corporation. Issued by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory as UCRL-6013.<mask>, F. (1949).Two applications of normal mode sound propagation in the ocean, Columbia University Ph.D.; via ProQuest; oclc: 6364305. References
 American Institute of Physics, "Frank <mask>", Array of Contemporary American Physicists. Judith R. Goodstein, "A Conversation with <mask>" Physics in Perspective, 6: 184–196. (2004). Caltech Oral Histories, "Interview with <mask>" (April 15, 1983). American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archive, "Oral History Transcript – Dr. <mask>"

 SEG Virtual Geoscience Center, "Biographies: <mask>"
 MIT News, "Press Wins Japan Prize" (March 17, 1993). Notes

External links
 McNutt, Marcia, "<mask> (1924–2020)", Science, March 6, 2020.(Vol. 367, Issue 6482, pp. 1077 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb2626)

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1924 births
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American geophysicists
American seismologists
Columbia University alumni
Columbia University faculty
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Foreign Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Jewish American scientists
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory people
Members of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts
Members of the French Academy

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 of Sciences
Members of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
National Medal of Science laureates
Office of Science and Technology Policy officials
Presidents of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Recipients of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
Scientists from Brooklyn
Vannevar Bush Award


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<mask> FRSA (born 1955) is a British computer scientist, author and business consultant, known for his work on service-oriented architecture and the service-based business. Biography
<mask> attended Sevenoaks School from 1966 to 1972, where he attended classes by Gerd Sommerhoff. He received his MA Mathematics and Philosophy from Merton College, Oxford, in 1976, and his MSc Computing Science at the Imperial College London in 1977. Later he also received his MBA from the Open University in 1992. <mask> started his career in industry working for Data Logic Limited, Middlesex, UK, where he first developed and taught public data analysis courses. After years of practical experience in this field, he wrote his first book about this topic in 1984. In 1987 he became an IT consultant with James Martin Associates (JMA), specializing in the practical problems of planning and implementing information systems.After the European operation of JMA were acquired by the Texas Instruments, he became a Principal Consultant in the Software Business and a member of Group Technical Staff. At Texas Instruments he was one of the developers of IE\Q, a proprietary methodology for software quality management. Since 1997 he is freelance consultant under the flag of Veryard Projects Ltd. Since 2006 he is a principal consultant at CBDi, a research forum for service-oriented architecture and engineering. <mask> has taught courses at City University, Brunel University and the Copenhagen Business School, and is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts in London. Work

Pragmatic data analysis, 1984
In "Pragmatic data analysis" (1984) <mask> presented data analysis as a branch of systems analysis, which shared the same principles. His position on data modelling would appear to be implicit in the term data analysis.He presented two philosophical attitudes towards data modeling, which he called "semantic relativism and semantic absolutism. According to the absolutist way of thinking, there is only one correct or ideal way of modeling anything: each

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 object in the real world must be represented by a particular construct. Semantic relativism, on the other hand, believe that most things in the real world can be modeled in many different ways, using basic constructs". Veryard further examined the problem of the discovery of classes and objects. This may proceed from a number of different models, that capture the requirements of the problem domain. Abbott (1983) proposed that each search starts from a textual description of the problem. Ward (1989) and Seidewitz and Stark (1986) suggested starting from the products of structured analysis, namely data flow diagrams.Veryard examined the same problem from the perspective of data modeling. Veryard made the point, that the modeler has some choice in whether to use an entity, relationship or attribute to represent a given universe of discourse (UoD) concept. This justifies a common position, that "data models of the same UoD may differ, but the differences are the result of shortcomings in the data modeling language. The argument is that data modeling is essentially descriptive, but that current data modeling languages allow some choice in how the description is documented." Economics of Information Systems and Software, 1991
In the 1991 book "The Economics of Information Systems and Software", edited by Veryard, experts from various areas, including business administration, project management, software engineering and economics, contribute their expertise concerning the economics of systems software, including evaluation of benefits, types of information and project costs and management. Information Coordination, 1993
In the 1993 book "Information Coordination: The Management of Information Models, Systems, and Organizations" Veryard gives a snapshot of the state of the art around these subjects. "Maximizing the value of corporate data depends upon being able to manage information models both within and between businesses.A centralized information model is not appropriate for many organizations," <mask>


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 explains. His book "takes the approach that multiple information models exist and the differences and links between them have to be managed. Coordination is currently an area of both intensive theoretical speculation and of practical research and development. Information Coordination explains practical guidelines for information management, both from on-going research and from recent field experience with CASE tools and methods". Enterprise Modelling Methodology
In the 1990s Veryard worked together in an Enterprise Computing Project and developed a version of Business Relationship Modelling specifically for Open Distributed Processing, under the name Enterprise Modelling Methodology/Open Distributed Processing (EMM/ODP). EMM/ODP proposed some new techniques and method extensions for enterprise modelling for distributed systems. Component-based business
In 2001 Veryard introduced the concept of "component-based business".Component-based business relates to new business architectures, in which "an enterprise is configured as a dynamic network of components providing business services to one another". In the new millennium there has been "a phenomenal growth in this kind of new autonomous business services, fuelled largely by the internet and e-business". The concept of "component-Based Business constitutes a radical challenge to traditional notions of strategy, planning, requirements, quality and change, and tries to help you improve how you think through the practical difficulties and opportunities of the component-based business". This applied to both hardware and software, and to business relationships. <mask>'s subsequent work on organic planning for SOA has been referenced by a number of authors. Six Viewpoints of Business Architecture, 2013
In "Six Viewpoints of Business Architecture" <mask> describes business architecture as "a practice (or collection of practices) associated with business performance, strategy and structure." And furthermore about the main task of the business architect:

The business

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 architect is expected to take responsibility for some set of stakeholder concerns, in collaboration with a number of related business and architectural roles, including
• business strategy planning, business change management, business analysis, etc.• business operations, business excellence, etc. • enterprise architecture, solution architecture, data/process architecture, systems architecture, etc. Conventional accounts of business architecture are often framed within a particular agenda - especially an IT-driven agenda. Many enterprise architecture frameworks follow this agenda, and this affects how they describe business architecture and its relationship with other architectures (such as IT systems architecture). Indeed, business architecture is often seen as little more than a precursor to system architecture - an attempt to derive systems requirements. Publications
 <mask>. Pragmatic data analysis.Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1984. <mask> (ed.). The Economics of information systems and software. Oxford : Butterworth-Heinemann, 1991. <mask>. Information modelling : practical guidance. New York : Prentice Hall, 1992.<mask>. Information coordination : the management of information models, systems, and organizations. New York : Prentice Hall, 1994. <mask>. Component-based business : plug and play. London : Springer, 2001. <mask>.Six Viewpoints of Business Architecture, 2013

Articles, papers, book chapters, etc., a selection:
 <mask> (2000). Reasoning about systems and their properties. In: Peter Henderson (ed) Systems Engineering for Business Process Change, Springer-Verlag, 2002* <mask>. "Business-Driven SOA," CBDI Journal, May–June 2004

References

External links
 <mask> Home page
 List of recent publications by <mask>. 1955 births
Living people
British computer scientists
Information systems researchers
Enterprise modelling experts
People educated at Sevenoaks School
Alumni of Merton College, Oxford
Fellows of the Royal Society of Arts
Alumni of the Department of Computing, Imperial

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<mask>  (12 November 177428 April 1842) was a Scottish surgeon, anatomist, physiologist, neurologist, artist, and philosophical theologian. He is noted for discovering the difference between sensory nerves and motor nerves in the spinal cord. He is also noted for describing <mask>'s palsy. His three older brothers included <mask> (1757–1816) a Writer to the Signet, <mask> (1763–1820), also a noted surgeon and writer; and the advocate <mask> (1770–1843) who became a professor of law at the University of Edinburgh and a principal clerk at the Court of Session. Early life and education

<mask> was born in Edinburgh on 12 November 1774, as the fourth son of the Reverend <mask>, a clergyman of the Episcopal Church of Scotland. <mask>'s father died in 1779 when he was five years old, and thus his mother had a profound influence on his early life, teaching him how to read and write. In addition to this, his mother also helped <mask>'s natural artistic ability by paying for his regular drawing and painting lessons from David Allan, a well-known Scottish painter.<mask> grew up in Edinburgh, and attended the prestigious High School (1784–88). Although he was not a particularly good student, <mask> decided to follow in his brother John's footsteps and enter a career in medicine. In 1792, <mask> enrolled at the University of Edinburgh and began assisting his brother John as a surgical apprentice. While at the university, <mask> attended the lectures of Dugald Stewart on the subject of spiritual philosophy. These lectures had considerable impact on <mask>, for some of Stewart's teachings can be traced in <mask>'s later works in a passage on his Treatise on the Hand. In addition to classes on anatomy, <mask> took a course on the art of drawing in order to refine his artistic skill. At the university he was also a member of the Royal Medical Society as a student and spoke at the Society's centenary celebrations in 1837.In 1798, <mask> graduated from the University of Edinburgh and

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 soon after was admitted to the Edinburgh College of Surgeons where he taught anatomy and operated at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary. While developing his talents as a surgeon, <mask>'s interests forayed into a field combining anatomy and art. His inherent talent as an artist came to the fore when he helped his brother complete a four-volume work called The Anatomy of the Human Body. <mask> completely wrote and illustrated volumes 3 and 4 in 1803, as well as publishing his own set of illustrations in a System of Dissections in 1798 and 1799. Furthermore, <mask> used his clinical experience and artistic eye to develop the hobby of modelling interesting medical cases in wax. He proceeded to accumulate an extensive collection that he dubbed his Museum of Anatomy, some items of which can still be seen today at Surgeon's Hall. <mask>'s stay in Edinburgh did not last long due to an infamous feud between <mask> and two faculty members at the University of Edinburgh: Alexander Monro Secundus and John Gregory.John Gregory was the chairman of the Royal Infirmary and had declared that only six full-time surgical staff members would be appointed to work at the infirmary. The <mask> brothers were not selected and thus barred from practicing medicine at the Royal Infirmary. <mask>, who was not directly involved in his brother's feuds, attempted to make a deal with the faculty of the University of Edinburgh by offering the university one hundred guineas and his Museum of Anatomy in exchange for allowing him to observe and sketch the operations performed at the Royal Infirmary, but this deal was rejected. Professional career
In 1804, <mask> left for London and in 1805 had established himself in the city by buying a house on Leicester Street. From this house <mask> taught classes in anatomy and surgery for medical students, doctors, and artists. In 1809, <mask> was among a number of civilian surgeons who volunteered to attend to the many thousands of ill and wounded soldiers who had

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texts: retreated to Corunna, and 6 years later he again voluntarily attended to the ill and wounded in the aftermath of the Battle of Waterloo. Regrettably, of <mask>'s 12 amputation cases, only one man survived.In addition to the amputation surgeries, <mask> was quite fascinated by musket-ball injuries and in 1814, he published a Dissertation on Gunshot Wounds. A number of his illustrations of the wounds are displayed in the hall of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. In 1811, <mask> married Marion Shaw. Using money from his wife's dowry, <mask> purchased a share of the Great Windmill Street School of Anatomy which had been founded by the anatomist William Hunter. <mask> transferred his practice from his house to the Windmill Street School <mask> ended up teaching students and conducting his own research until 1824. In 1813–14, he was appointed as a member of the London College of Surgeons and as a surgeon at the Middlesex Hospital. In addition to his domestic pursuits, <mask> also served as a military surgeon, making elaborate recordings of neurological injuries at the Royal Hospital Haslar and famously documenting his experiences at Waterloo in 1815.For three consecutive days and nights, he operated on French soldiers in the Gens d'Armerie Hospital. The condition of the French soldiers was quite poor, and thus many of his patients died shortly after he operated on them. Dr Robert Knox, who was one of <mask>'s surgical assistants at Brussels, was critical of <mask>'s surgical skills and commented rather negatively on <mask>'s surgical abilities; (the mortality rate of amputations carried out by <mask> ran at about 90%). <mask> was instrumental in the creation of the Middlesex Hospital Medical School, and became, in 1824, the first professor of Anatomy and Surgery of the College of Surgeons in London. In that same year <mask> sold his collection of over 3,000 wax preparations to the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh for £3000. In 1829, the Windmill Street

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 School of Anatomy was incorporated into the new King's College London. <mask> was invited to be its first professor of physiology, and helped establish the Medical School at the University of London, gave the inaugural address when it formally opened, and even helped contribute to the requirements of its certification program.<mask>'s stay at the Medical School did not last long and he resigned from his chair due to differences of opinion with the academic staff. For the next seven years, <mask> gave clinical lectures at the Middlesex Hospital and in 1835 he accepted the position of the Chair of Surgery at the University of Edinburgh following the premature death of Prof John William Turner. He was made a Knight of the Royal Guelphic Order in 1833. <mask> died at Hallow Park near Worcester in the Midlands, while travelling from Edinburgh to London, in 1842. He is buried in Hallow Churchyard near Worcester. Honours and awards
<mask> was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh on 8 June 1807, on the nomination of Robert Jameson, William Wright and Thomas Macknight. He served as a Councillor of the RSE from 1836 to 1839.He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London on 16 November 1826, and was awarded the Royal Society's gold medal for his numerous discoveries in science. <mask> was knighted as a Knight of the Guelphic Order of Hanover in 1831 and, like Sir Richard Owen, was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Works

<mask> was a prolific author who combined his anatomical knowledge with his artistic eye to produce a number of highly detailed and beautifully illustrated books. In 1799, <mask> published his first work "A System of Dissections, explaining the Anatomy of the Human Body, the manner of displaying Parts and their Varieties in Disease". His second work was the completion of his brother's four-volume set of "The Anatomy of the Human Body" in 1803. In that same year, <mask> published his three series of

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texts: engravings titled "Engravings of the Arteries", "Engravings of the Brain", and "Engravings of the Nerves". These set of engravings consisted of intricate and detailed anatomical diagrams accompanied with labels and a brief description of their functionality in the human body and were published as an educational tool for aspiring medical students.The "Engravings of the Brain" are of particular importance for this marked <mask>'s first published attempt at fully elucidating the organization of the nervous system. In his introduction to the work, <mask> comments on the ambiguous nature of the brain and its inner workings, a topic that would hold his interest for the remainder of his life. In 1806, with his eye on a teaching post at the Royal Academy, <mask> published his Essays on The Anatomy of Expression in Painting (1806), later re-published as Essays on The Anatomy and Philosophy of Expression in 1824. In this work, <mask> followed the principles of natural theology, asserting the existence of a uniquely human system of facial muscles in the service of a human species with a unique relationship to the Creator, ideals which paralleled with those of William Paley. After the failure of his application (Sir Thomas Lawrence, later President of the Royal Academy, described <mask> as "lacking in temper, modesty and judgement"), <mask> turned his attentions to the nervous system. <mask> published detailed studies of the nervous system in 1811, in his privately circulated book An Idea of a New Anatomy of the Brain. In this book, <mask> described his idea of the different nervous tracts connecting with different parts of brain and thus leading to different functionality.His experiments to investigate this consisted of cutting open the spinal cord of a rabbit and touching different columns of the cord. He found that an irritation of the anterior columns led to a convulsion of the muscles, while an irritation of the posterior columns had no visible effect. These experiments

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texts: led <mask> to declare that he was the first to distinguish between sensory and motor nerves. While this essay is considered by many to be the founding stone of clinical neurology, it was not well received by <mask>'s peers. His experimentation was criticized and the idea that he presented of the anterior and posterior roots being connected to the cerebrum and cerebellum respectively, was rejected. Furthermore, <mask>'s original essay of 1811 did not actually contain a clear description of motor and sensory nerve roots as <mask> later claimed, and he seems to have issued subsequent incorrectly dated revisions with subtle textual alterations. Despite this lukewarm response, <mask> continued to study the anatomy of the human brain and laid his focus upon the nerves connected to it.In 1821, <mask> published the "On the Nerves: Giving an Account of some Experiments on Their Structure and Functions, Which Lead to a New Arrangement of the System" in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. This paper held <mask>'s most famous discovery, that the facial nerve or seventh cranial nerve is a nerve of muscular action. This was quite an important discovery because surgeons would often cut this nerve as an attempted cure for facial neuralgia, but this would often render the patient with a unilateral paralysis of the facial muscles, now known as <mask>'s Palsy. Due to this publication, <mask> is regarded as one of the first physicians to combine the scientific study of neuroanatomy with clinical practice. <mask>'s studies on emotional expression played a catalytic role in the development of Darwin's considerations of the origins of human emotional life; and, while he rejected <mask>'s theological arguments, Darwin very much agreed with <mask>'s emphasis on the expressive role of the muscles of respiration. Darwin detailed these opinions in his The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872), written with the active collaboration of the psychiatrist James

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texts: Crichton-Browne. <mask> was one of the first physicians to combine the scientific study of neuroanatomy with clinical practice.In 1821, he described in the trajectory of the facial nerve and a disease, <mask>'s Palsy which led to the unilateral paralysis of facial muscles, in one of the classics of neurology, a paper delivered to the Royal Society entitled On the Nerves: Giving an Account of some Experiments on Their Structure and Functions, Which Lead to a New Arrangement of the System. <mask> also combined his many artistic, scientific, literary and teaching talents in a number of wax preparations and detailed anatomical and surgical illustrations, paintings and engravings in his several books on these subjects, such as in his book Illustrations of the Great Operations of Surgery: Trepan, Hernia, Amputation, Aneurism, and Lithotomy (1821). He wrote also the first treatise on notions of anatomy and physiology of facial expression for painters and illustrators, titled Essays on the Anatomy of Expression in Painting (1806). In 1829, Francis Egerton, the eighth Earl of Bridgewater, died and in his will, he left a large sum of money to the President of the Royal Society of London. The will stipulated that the money was to be used to write, print, and publish one thousand copies of a work on the Power, Wisdom, and Goodness of God. The President of the Royal Society, Davies Gilbert appointed eight gentlemen to write separate treatises on the subject. In 1833, he published the fourth Bridgewater Treatise, The Hand: Its Mechanism and Vital Endowments as Evincing Design.<mask> published four editions of The Hand. In the first few chapters, <mask> organizes his treatise as an early textbook of comparative anatomy. The book is full of pictures where <mask> compares "hands" of different organisms ranging from human hands, chimpanzee paws, and fish feelers. After the first few chapters, <mask> orients his treatise around the significance of the hand and its importance in its

masks:
Bell
Bell
Bell
Charles Bell
Bell
Bell
Bell


texts:
 use in anatomy. He emphasizes that the hand is as important as the eye in the field of surgery and that it must be trained. Legacy
A number of discoveries received his name:
 <mask>'s (external respiratory) nerve: The long thoracic nerve. <mask>'s palsy: a unilateral idiopathic paralysis of facial muscles due to a lesion of the facial nerve.<mask>'s phenomenon: A normal defense mechanism—upward and outward movement of the eye which occurs when an individual closes their eyes forcibly. It can be appreciated clinically in a patient with paralysis of the orbicularis oculi (e.g. Guillain–Barré syndrome or <mask>'s palsy), as the eyelid remains elevated when the patient tries to close the eye. <mask>'s spasm: Involuntary twitching of the facial muscles. Bell-Magendie law or Bell's Law: States that the anterior branch of spinal nerve roots contain only motor fibers and the posterior roots contain only sensory fibers. Charles Bell House, part of University College London, is used for teaching and research in surgery. References

Further reading
 <mask>, C., The Hand.Its Mechanism and Vital Endowments as Evincing Design; Bridgewater Treatises, W. Pickering, 1833 (reissued by Cambridge University Press, 2009; )
 Berkowitz, Carin. <mask> and the Anatomy of Reform. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2015. External links

 Sir <mask> engravings – Anatomia 1522–1867 digital collection, Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto

1774 births
1842 deaths
19th-century Scottish people
Medical doctors from Edinburgh
People educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Fellows of the Royal Society
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Philosophers of religion
British neurologists
British neuroscientists
Scottish anatomists
Scottish knights
19th-century Scottish medical doctors
Scottish physiologists
Scottish surgeons
Scottish writers
Academics of the University of

masks:
Bell
Bell
Bell
Bell
Bell
Bell
Charles Bell
Charles Bell


texts:
<mask> (born January 7, 1986), nicknamed "The Big Ragu", is a former American football guard who played 11 seasons for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He is the brother of former Rams offensive lineman <mask>. He played college football at Tennessee where he played in a career total of 44 games and also earned All-SEC honors as a freshman and a junior. <mask> is a member of Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity. Early career
<mask> started for all four years, both on offense and defense, at Ripley High School in Ripley, Tennessee and handled some placekicking and kickoff duties. In addition, he was a three-year starter on the school's basketball team and competed in track and field, achieving a career-best shot put of 45-11. Professional career
Coming out of Tennessee in 2009, <mask> attended the NFL combine and participated at Tennessee's annual Pro Day.He was projected by many analysts to be drafted from anywhere from the sixth to seventh round or a priority undrafted free agent. He was rated as the 23rd best offensive tackle in the draft out of the 183 available by NFLDraftScout.com. 2009
On April 27, 2009, <mask> was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Pittsburgh Steelers. He entered training camp competing to be a back-up guard against the Steelers' 2009 third-round draft pick, Kraig Urbik. Following an injury to starting veteran guard Darnell Stapleton during training camp, <mask> gained the opportunity to become the starting right guard. He ultimately lost the starting job to Trai Essex and was named at backup guard and right tackle to begin the season. He made his professional regular season debut during a Week 3 contest at the Cincinnati Bengals.On  November 29, 2009, he received his first career start in a Week 12 loss, to the division-rival Baltimore Ravens, after replacing an injured Chris Kemoeatu at left guard. <mask> returned to the starting position on December 20, 2009, against the Green Bay Packers and remained there for the last three games of the regular season, as the Steelers ended with a 9–7 record and

masks:
Ramon Sentel Foster
Renardo Foster
Foster
Foster
Foster
Foster
Foster
Foster


texts:
 missed the playoffs. As a rookie in 2009, <mask> had four starts and played in 14 games. 2010
Although he finished his rookie season as the starting left guard, he entered training camp competing with Trai Essex and Kraig Urbik for the starting job. He was named the backup to starting guards Essex and Kemoeatu to begin the season and made his season debut in a Week 3 38–13 victory at the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. On November 14, 2010, he made his first start of the season, replacing an ineffective Trai Essex at right guard, in a 39-26 loss to the New England Patriots. He then remained the starting guard for last 7 games of the 2010 season.The Steelers finished atop the AFC North with a 12–4 record and <mask> went on to start at right guard in a 31–25 loss to the Green Bay Packers in Super Bowl XLV. He finished his second season with 8 starts in 12 games played. 2011
<mask> entered training camp in 2011 competing with Chris Kemoeatu, Doug Legursky, and Trai Essex for both starting guard positions. He lost the starting right guard position to Legursky but was named the starter for a Week 2 victory over the Seattle Seahawks. After sitting out the next week, he returned in Week 4 against the Houston Texans and remained the starter for the rest of the season. This marked the third consecutive year he began the year as a backup but finished the season as a starter; also marking the beginning of <mask> being a mainstay on the Pittsburgh Steeler's offensive line. He finished 2011 with a career-high 14 games started in 15 games played.2012
<mask> was named the starting right guard after winning the job over rookie David DeCastro and started the Pittsburgh Steeler's season-opener against Denver Broncos. This also marked his first full season playing and starting at guard. 2013
He was moved over to left guard after the departure of Willie Colon and started all but one game throughout the season. The Steelers kept <mask> out due to injury during a Week 11 matchup against the Detroit Lions. On March 11, 2013, the Pittsburgh Steelers signed <mask> to a three-year,

masks: Foster Foster Foster Foster Foster Foster Foster


texts:
 $5.50 million contract that also included a $900,000 signing bonus. They rewarded him with a new contract after showing promise the last two seasons. 2014
He started the Pittsburgh Steeler's season-opening 30-27 victory over the Cleveland Browns and started the following game.<mask> then missed Week 3 and 4, after twisting his ankle during a practice. He returned to his starting role during a Week 5 victory at the Jacksonville Jaguars. He started 14 games in 2014, helping the Pittsburgh Steelers finish first in the AFC North with an 11-5 record. They went on to lose the AFC Wildcard game 30-17 to the Baltimore Ravens. 2015
<mask> started at left guard throughout the 2015 season and started all 16 regular season games. The Pittsburgh Steelers finished second in the AFC North with a 10-6 record. After defeating the Cincinnati Bengals in the AFC Wildcard, they went on to lose the divisional round to the eventual Super Bowl 50 Champion Denver Broncos.<mask> had one of his best seasons after improving as a run blocker and surrendering only 31 pressures in all 18 games. He earned a grade of 82.3 from Pro Football Focus in 2015. 2016
On May 9, 2016, the Pittsburgh Steelers signed <mask> to a three-year, $9.60 million contract with a signing bonus $2.75 million. He started all 16 regular season games and surrendered only one sack throughout the whole season. <mask> brought his streak to 46 consecutive starts in-a-row. Pro Football Focus ranked him the 24th best offensive lineman in 2015. He was also ranked the sixth best guard with an overall grade of 87.1 by PFF and the fourth best in pass blocking with a grade of 89.7.2019

On March 7, 2019, <mask> signed a two-year, $8.25 million contract extension with the Steelers through the 2020 season. <mask> announced his retirement on March 16, 2020. References

External links
UT Sports Official Bio
Pittsburgh Steelers Bio

1986 births
Living people
American football offensive tackles
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Tennessee Volunteers football players
Players of American football from Tennessee
People from Henning,


texts:
<mask> (Hangul: 신해철; May 6, 1968 – October 27, 2014) was a South Korean singer-songwriter and record producer known for being a pioneer of Korean experimental rock music. He was referred to by fans as the "Demon Lord" or "The Devil" for his charismatic stage presence. <mask> and his band Muhangwedo debuted at the 1988 MBC Campus Music Festival, where the band won first place for the song "To You." He formed the experimental rock band N.EX.T in 1992. He was also known for hosting a radio show from 2001 to 2012. <mask> died as a result of medical malpractice after undergoing surgery in 2014. Early life
<mask> was born on May 6, 1968.He enrolled in Sogang University in 1987, where he studied philosophy until he dropped out to focus on his music career. Career

Debut
<mask> formed the band Muhangwedo (Hangul: 무한궤도) in 1988 when he was a sophomore at Sogang University. The band received national attention when it appeared on the televised 1988 MBC Campus Music Festival, a singing competition for amateurs. Muhangwedo won first place for the song "To You" (그대에게) which was written by <mask>. The band released one album, 1989's When Our Lives Are Almost Over (Hangul: 우리 앞의 생이 끝나갈 때). Early solo career
<mask> released his first solo album in 1990, which included a song that had an English rap, which was unconventional in the Korean music scene at the time. The album was a huge hit, leading to <mask> rising to the top of Korean pop music charts and receiving multiple Korean pop music awards.His second solo album, Myself, was released in 1991, which was first album in Korea to have used midi. He also started a gig as a radio DJ on MBC FM. The N.EX.T. years
In 1992, <mask> formed the band N.EX.T. — moving from pop music to rock. Their first album, Home, was a concept album. While his previous songs were mainly about love or heartache, here <mask> started to

masks:
Shin Hae chul
Shin
Shin
Shin Hae chul
Shin
Shin
Shin
Shin
Shin
Shin


texts:
 write more about social issues, such as criticizing the fast lifestyle of urbanites in "City People".The group's second album was released in 1994 titled The Return of N.EX.T Part 1: The Being where <mask> introduced more philosophical lyrics, such as questioning the meaning of life in the song "The Ocean: About Immortality". The band's third album, The Return of N.EX.T Part 2: World. Some of the band members changed over time, with <mask> being the constant lead singer/songwriter. During this time he also did a one-time collaboration with singer Yoon Sang to form Nodance, wrote the original sound track for the Korean movie Jungle Story, and was the DJ for the MBC FM radio program FM Music City from 1996 to 1997. In 1996, he created his own label, Big Bang Music. In 1997 N.EX.T. released a rock ballad single, "Here, I Stand for You" which sold 500,000 copies in South Korea.(The lyrics of this song are engraved on his tombstone). The band went on to release their fourth album Lazenca: A Space Rock Opera in November 1997, which was also the original sound track for the television animation series Lazenca. The band split up after this- <mask> went on to study music producing in London. Crom

In London, <mask> re-named himself Crom (inspired by Cromwell) and released a techno album Crom's Techno Works in 1998. The following year, he formed a project group Monocrom with guitarist Chris Tsangarides and released the eponymous project album Monocrom. The music in the album was experimental, combining heavy metal with Korean folk music, rap, and lyrical rock ballads. Most of the songs in this album were in English, which he collaborated with lyricist D. Yvette Wohn.After the release of Monocrom, <mask> went to New York where he worked on producing his live album and some Korean movie soundtracks. In 2000, he created a three-man band Wittgenstein to produce

masks: Shin Shin Shin Shin Shin


texts:
 a home studio album of the same name. He also wrote the song "Zergs are Coming" for the StarCraft music album. Return of N.EX.T. <mask> returned to Korea in 2002 and worked on various projects, mainly writing songs for other artists or for movie soundtracks. In 2004, he re-formed the group N.EX.T. although the members were different, and released a double album The Return of N.EX.T Part 3: 개한민국.He also started DJing for a late night radio show Ghost Nation that became extremely popular. In 2007, N.EX.T. released a jazz album The Songs for the One inspired by his newborn daughter. In 2008, the band released the album "666 Trilogy." After a long break, the band's final album, "Reboot Myself" was released in 2014. Producer
<mask> participated in special project in 2004, with the best musicians of Korea, the album named as <Tribute to Park Nohae's Collection of poems The Dawn of Labor 20th anniversary>. It is the first attempted project which the recordings dedicated to poetry in the history of Korean music.He worked with incredible passion in a short time. And he sang "Heaven" (Hangul: 하늘) with Psy on this album. Radio DJ

Throughout his career <mask> hosted several radio programs, including Music City with <mask> Chul and GhostStation with <mask>e Chul After supporting and campaigning for the president Roh Moo-hyun in 2002 election, Mr. <mask> hosts the popular Ghost Nation on MBC, a late-night radio program since 2003. His fans call him "Mawang" (마왕 'the Demon Lord'). On September 16, 2007, <mask> ended Ghost Nation. But he also announced that the broadcasting will be continuously served through the web, but no more broadcasting through MBC. Personal life
He married Yoon Won-hee (윤원희) on September 29, 2002, just before the 2002 election.He released his first jazz album The Songs for the One in 2007, dedicated to his wife and daughter. <mask> was

masks:
Shin
Shin
Shin
Shin Hae
Shin Ha
Shin
Shin
Shin


texts:
 found to be suffering from prosopagnosia, on a TV show (MBC Goldfish) in which he made a guest appearance. After that, he hosted a brand-new TV comedy debate program 100-second Debate (since May 2007), with a similar format of the MBC's 100 Minute Debate. On July 29, 2007, he appeared as a victim (guest) of Lee Kyung-kyu's Hidden Camera. Death
<mask> was treated for gastrointestinal problems by Dr. Kang Se Hoon at Sky Hospital on October 17, 2014. Kang carried out stomach reduction surgery without consent from <mask>. During surgery, Kang punctured <mask>'s upper small intestine and pericardium, which later resulted in peritonitis.After developing a fever, which he was told was normal after surgery, <mask> suffered a heart attack on October 22, and died on October 27 from peritonitis, pericarditis, sepsis, and brain damage due to lack of oxygen. At the urging of friends, <mask>'s family stopped his cremation at short notice and requested an autopsy. In March 2015, Songpa police found that <mask>-chul died from medical malpractice. Kang was struck off the medical register, fined and sentenced to one year in jail. The death of <mask> through malpractice led to a revision of the law in South Korea to allow a state-run agency to help in malpractice cases. The law is referred to as the "Shin Hae-chul Law." Discography

Muhangwedo

Studio albums

As a solo artist

Studio albums

Extended plays

N.EX.T

Books
 <mask>e-chul; Ji Seung-ho (2008).쾌변독설. Buen Libro. <mask>-chul (2014). 마왕 신해철 (Mawang <mask>e-chul). Munhakdongne Publishing Corp.

References

1968 births
2014 deaths
South Korean atheists
South Korean composers
South Korean male singers
South Korean male film actors
South Korean male television actors
South Korean radio presenters
South Korean pop rock singers
South Korean electronic musicians
South Korean songwriters
South Korean record

masks:
Shin
Shin
Shin
Shin
Shin
Shin Hae
Shin
Shin Ha
Shin Hae
Shin Ha


texts:
<mask>  <mask> (27 June 1981 – 2 August 2019) was a Polish professional boxer who fought at light heavyweight. Personal life

<mask> was born in Rzeszów, Poland. He married Edyta and they had four children. Boxing titles
WBC Youth Light Heavyweight Title (2004)
WBF Light Heavyweight Title (2005)
IBC Light Heavyweight Title (2010)
(2) WBF Light Heavyweight Title (2010)
WBC Baltic Light Heavyweight Title (2010)
WBA Inter-Continental Light Heavyweight Title (2011)

Scheduled bout against Roy Jones Jr.

<mask> is best remembered in boxing circles for a scheduled bout which never took place. In a major opportunity bout which could have propelled <mask> into the worldwide light heavyweight ratings, Roy Jones was supposed to face <mask> in a 10 round bout at Atlas Arena on 30 June 2012. Days before the fight, <mask> was convicted of being the ringleader of a criminal organization and was imprisoned. Another Polish boxer, Paweł Głażewski stepped in to fight Jones instead.Jones defeated the 17-0 Głażewski by 10 round split decision. <mask> missed the career change of a lifetime by now being able to fight the legendary ex-world champion Jones, who had signed for the bout, who showed up in Poland contractually anyway, and who fought a

masks:
Dawid
Kostecki
Kostecki
Dawid Kostecki
Kostecki
Kostecki
Kostecki
Kostecki


texts:
 different Polish contender instead. Escort business and prison
On 31 October 2011, the District Court in Rzeszów sentenced <mask> to 2.5 years in prison for setting up and co-owning a criminal group. From 2003 to 2007 the group conducted three escort agencies. Investigators also accused him of trafficking in amphetamine, but the court acquitted him of the charge. He lodged an appeal. On 10 May 2012 the Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of 2.5 years imprisonment.On 13 August 2014, he was released from prison early. He was subsequently returned to prison again in Warsaw in 2016 for five years after his fifth conviction, for drug trafficking, car theft, running a prostitution escort ring, and income tax evasion. Comeback to ring
After emerging from prison in 2014, <mask> extended his contract by four years with Andrzej Wasilewski, owner of the Poland's Knockout Promotions. <mask>'s comeback attempt ended in failure as he lost an eight round decision to Andrzej Soldra in Krakow Arena in Krakow Poland on 8 November 2014. <mask> never fought again, finishing with a pro record of 39-2 with 25 knockouts. Death
<mask> committed suicide by hanging in a Warsaw prison using bedsheets on 2 August 2019. He was survived by his wife and

masks: Kostecki Kostecki Kostecki Kostecki Kostecki


texts:
<mask> (born April 15, 1955, San Jose, California, United States) is an American blues, R&B, and rock guitarist and singer. He has been recording since the mid-1990s. His music has taken him from local stages to national and international touring. His popularity was marked by his winning the 2008 Blues Music Award for Entertainer of the Year. According to The Chicago Sun-Times, <mask> plays "Memphis soul-drenched R&B…top-of-the-line blues." Tom Callahan of Blurt added, "<mask> has a soulful voice, searing guitar and is an excellent songwriter and vocalist. If you close your eyes you will be convinced that you are listening to Otis Redding singing in 1967…tremendous."Biography
<mask> began playing guitar at the age of 10 and was influenced and inspired by electric blues, Chicago blues, West Coast blues, soul music, 1960s rock and roll and Southern rock. His style has always been a hybrid of all his favorite genres. He names Mike Bloomfield, Elvin Bishop, Eric Clapton, B.B. King, Buddy Guy, Elmore James and Freddie King as guitar influences and Ray Charles, Wilson Pickett and James Brown as vocal influences. He began playing professionally in Bay Area cover-song bands in the 1970s. In the 1980s he joined the Warner Bros. Records' band The Dynatones. In San Francisco, he began playing with North Beach musicians in the 1980s.He cited Johnny Nitro and Johnny Ace as early mentors at that stage in his life. Since 1991, he has led his own bands, featuring a drummer, a bass guitar player, and a saxophone player (Keith Crossan has held the saxophone position for many years). As of 2009, he had added trumpeter

masks:
Tommy Castro
Castro
Castro
Castro


texts: Tom Poole and keyboards to the band. He was signed to Blind Pig Records label and released Exception to the Rule in late 1996. It won the 1997 Bay Area Music Award for Outstanding Blues Album, and <mask> also took the award for Outstanding Blues Musician that same year. <mask> was also an early adopter of the internet's new graphical web browsers to promote his music. He established his web presence in September 1995, and registered his first domain name in December 1996.In the mid-1990s The <mask> Band served as the house band for three seasons on NBC Television's Comedy Showcase (airing right after Saturday Night Live), bringing him in front of millions of viewers every week. In 2001 and 2002, B.B. King asked <mask> to open his summer concert tours. <mask> received an open invitation to join King on stage for the nightly finale. <mask> has released albums on the Telarc, 33rd Street and Heart And Soul and most recently on the Alligator label, as well as on Blind Pig. His album Guilty of Love featured the last recording session for John Lee Hooker. In 2002 he was featured on the Bo Diddley tribute album Hey Bo Diddley – A Tribute!, performing the song "I Can Tell".In 2007 the readers of BluesWax (online magazine) voted Painkiller as BluesWax album of the year. It also won the 2008 Blues Music Award for Contemporary Blues Album of the Year. In 2009, <mask> joined the roster of Chicago's Alligator Records with his release Hard Believer, produced by John Porter. The album was described by Billboard as "irresistibly funky…it has a street-level grit and a soulful sincerity that's impossible to ignore."

masks:
Castro
Castro
Tommy Castro
Castro
Castro
Castro
Castro


texts: Blues Revue said Hard Believer is  "a fine set of roadhouse-rockin' blues.". Blurt says, "Hard Believer might just be the best yet from this veteran Bay Area blues artist." In May 2010, The Blues Foundation awarded <mask> multiple Blues Music Award honors for Blues Male Artist of the Year, Contemporary Blues Album of the Year, B.B.King Entertainer of the Year, and with his band, Band of the Year. In 2011, <mask> stripped down his band to a four-piece unit called the Painkillers with bassist Randy McDonald from the original Tommy <mask> Band, keyboardist James Pace and original Painkillers drummer Byron Cage. 2013's The Devil You Know, was recorded with this line-up plus guest appearances by Marcia Ball, Tab Benoit, Joe Bonamassa, The Holmes Brothers, and Magic Dick. The album was reviewed by Allmusic.com, saying "<mask> brings fiery garage energy to everything. His guitar playing is fired up and roaring with a renewed sharpness that keeps the pot boiling. His voice is a soulful and versatile blue-collar growl. This album is full of the blues, but it's also like a full-charged blue-eyed R&B and soul review, making this one of <mask>'s finest releases."In 2015, recording with long-standing bassist Randy McDonald, keyboard player Mike Emerson (Elvin Bishop, Carlene Carter, James Armstrong, Petty Theft), and drummer Bowen Brown he released, Method To My Madness, which debuted at number four in the Billboard Blues Albums Chart. On September 29, 2017, he released Stompin' Ground (Alligator) again with Painkilllers' bassist Randy McDonald, keyboardist Mike Emerson and drummer Bowen Brown. As on his

masks: Castro Castro Castro Castro Castro


texts:
 previous  albums, <mask> had several guests including Charlie Musselwhite (harp and vocals on “Live Every Day”), Mike Zito (guitar and vocals on “Rock Bottom”), Danielle Nicole (vocals on “Soul Shake”), and Los Lobos’ David Hidalgo (guitar and vocals on “Them Changes”). Discography
1994: No Foolin'  [live] (Saloon)
1995: Exception to the Rule (Blind Pig)
1997: Can't Keep a Good Man Down (Blind Pig)
1999: Right as Rain (Blind Pig)
2000: Live at the Fillmore (Blind Pig)
2001: The Essential <mask> (Blind Pig)
2001: Guilty of Love (33rd Street)
2001: Mystic Theater Live (promotional 4-song EP) (33rd Street)
2003: Gratitude (Heart & Soul; now on Oarfin)
2003: Triple Trouble with Jimmy Hall & Lloyd Jones (Telarc)
2005: Soul Shaker (Blind Pig)
2007: Painkiller (Blind Pig)
2008: Command Performance: Legendary Rhythm & Blues Revue (Delta Groove)
2009: Hard Believer (Alligator)
2011: <mask> Presents The Legendary Rhythm & Blues Revue - Live! (Alligator)
2012: "Greedy"/"That's All I Got" (7" single) (Alligator)
2014: The Devil You Know (Alligator)
2015: Method To My Madness (Alligator)
2017: Stompin' Ground (Alligator)
2019: Killin' It Live (Alligator)
2021: Tommy Castro Presents A Bluesman Came To Town (Alligator)

References

External links
<mask> Castro Band website

1955 births
Living people
American blues guitarists
American male guitarists
American blues singers
Musicians from San Jose, California
Soul-blues musicians
Contemporary blues musicians
Guitarists from California
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American male musicians
Alligator Records artists
Blind Pig Records artists
Telarc

masks:
Castro
Tommy Castro
Tommy Castro
Tommy


texts:
<mask>  "<mask>" Freire (born January 21, 1986) is a Brazilian mixed martial artist currently competing in Bellator's Lightweight division, where he is the current Bellator Lightweight World Champion. Mixed martial arts career

Bellator MMA
After competing in many Brazilian promotions, Freire compiled a 7-1 record before entering the Bellator Season Four Lightweight Tournament. He faced former WEC Lightweight Champion, Rob McCullough at Bellator 36 on March 12, 2011 in the opening round of the tournament. He won via TKO in the third round. Freire went on to face two-time finalist Toby Imada in the semifinal at Bellator 39. Freire defeated Imada via knockout in the first round after landing a brutal flying knee and following up with a flurry of punches which caused Imada to fall to the mat unconscious. The win saw him progress to the final of the tournament where he faced fellow finalist Michael Chandler at Bellator 44.Freire lost via unanimous decision. Freire next faced Kurt Pellegrino at Bellator 59 on November 26, 2011. He won the fight via TKO in the first round. Freire faced Eddie Alvarez at Bellator 76. After a back-and-forth opening minute that saw both fighters rocked, he lost the fight via knockout in the first round. It was announced that Freire will face Guillaume De Lorenzi in the Bellator 2013 Lightweight Tournament on January 31. Unfortunately, Freire suffered an injury and pulled out of the Lightweight Tournament a few days prior to this fight.Freire returned to the Bellator cage on September 7, 2013 as he faced Derek Anderson at Bellator 98. Despite winning the first round, Freire lost the fight via

masks: Patricky Pitbull


texts: unanimous decision. In March 2014, Freire entered into the Bellator Season Ten Lightweight Tournament, where he faced David Rickels in the opening round at Bellator 113. He won the fight via knockout in the second round. In the semifinals, he faced Derek Campos at Bellator 117. Again he won the fight via TKO in the second round. He was scheduled to face Marcin Held in the finals at Bellator 120.However, Held was forced out of the bout due to injury, and the fight was subsequently cancelled. The bout eventually took place at Bellator 126 on September 26, 2014. Freire lost the fight via unanimous decision. After nearly a year away from the sport, Freire returned to face Saad Awad at Bellator 141 on August 28, 2015. He won the fight by unanimous decision. In the first rematch of his career, Freire faced Derek Anderson for a second time on December 4, 2015 at Bellator 147. He again lost the fight, this time by controversial split decision.Freire replaced an injured Derek Anderson to face Ryan Couture at Bellator 148 on January 29, 2016. He won the bout via knockout in the first round. It was announced that Freire will face Derek Campos for the second time as the Bellator 152 main event. Just four days before their scheduled bout Campos pulled out due to injury and replaced by the newly signed former UFC fighter Kevin Souza. In May 2016, Bellator President Scott Coker announced that Freire would have a rematch against Michael Chandler at Bellator 157 on June 17, 2016. The bout was for the vacant Bellator Lightweight Championship, which was vacated when champion Will Brooks was released from the promotion. Freire lost


texts:
 the fight via knockout in the first round.Freire returned to the Bellator cage on February 18, 2017 in the main event at Bellator 172 against Josh Thomson. He won the fight via knockout in the second round. Freire was expected to face Derek Campos for a second time at Bellator 167 on December 3, 2016, however Freire was forced out of the bout due to an injury. The rematch was scheduled to take place at Bellator 181 on July 14, 2017. However, Freire instead faced Benson Henderson at Bellator 183 on September 23, 2017. He won the fight by split decision. Freire is facing a 180-day medical suspension, unless he gets physician clearance regarding right rib pain.Freire faced Derek Campos in a rematch at Bellator 194 on February 16, 2018. He won the fight via TKO in round one. Freire faced Roger Huerta on September 21, 2018 at Bellator 205. He won the fight via knockout. Bellator booked Freire against newcomer Ryan Scope for their first show in the Bellator Europe series that marked the start of the organization's partnership with Channel 5 and Sky Sports. The event was called Bellator Newcastle and took place on February 11th. Despite rupturing a tendon in his right wrist on the first round of the fight, Freire won by split decision.On February 20, 2019, Bellator announced that Freire had signed a multi-year, multi-fight contract extension with the organization. Rizin FF
Due to his brother being the prevailing Bellator Lightweight champion, <mask> decided to take part in Rizin FF Lightweight tournament. In the first round of the tournament, Freire faced Tatsuya Kawajiri at Rizin 19 on October 12, 2019. He won the fight


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 via knockout in the first round. In the semifinals of the grand prix Freire faced Luiz Gustavo at Rizin 20 - Saitama on December 31, 2019. Freire won the fight via a first minute knockout and advanced to the grand prix final. The 2019 Rizin Lightweight Grand Prix final was held in the same event with the semifinals.Despite Musayev receiving a yellow card in the second card, Freire lost the fight via unanimous decision after being knocked down and largely dominated in every round. Post-Rizin GP
In the first fight after the Rizin Lightweight Grand Prix, Freire was expected to headline Bellator Dublin 2 against Peter Queally on October 3, 2020. However, Queally was forced to withdraw from the bout due to a hand injury. Freire was subsequently rebooked to face Jaleel Willis two weeks later at Bellator 249 on October 15, 2020. In turn, this bout was cancelled the day of the event when the Mohegan Tribal Athletic Commission deemed Freire unable to compete due to what was termed an undisclosed medical issue. Freire faced Peter Queally at Bellator 258 on May 7, 2021. After sustaining a cut on his forehead from an elbow while Queally was on the bottom, the doctor stopped the fight between rounds after the cutman was unable to stop the bleeding.Freire rematched Peter Queally at Bellator 270 on November 5, 2021. On October 6, 2021, <mask>'s younger brother and Bellator MMA Lightweight Champion Patrício <mask> announced he vacated the title and that the rematch with Queally would be for the Bellator MMA Lightweight Championship. Freire won the bout via second round technical knockout to become Bellator Lightweight World


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<mask> (; born March 31, 1980) is a Taiwanese former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees, Washington Nationals, Toronto Blue Jays and Kansas City Royals. He also played for the Taiwan national baseball team, and is the current assistant pitching coach for CTBC Brothers. <mask> signed as an amateur free agent with the Yankees in 2000. After working his way up the Yankees' minor league system for several seasons, he made his MLB debut in 2005. With his hard sinker, he was one of the best starting pitchers for the Yankees in 2006 and 2007, winning 19 games in both seasons and leading the American League in that category in 2006. He suffered a foot injury in 2008 that limited his appearances and effectiveness, and a series of arm injuries cost him most of the 2009 season and all of 2010.<mask> returned to major leagues with the Washington Nationals in 2011, starting 21 games over two seasons while again spending time on the disabled list. He signed with the Yankees in 2013 but was released without pitching in the major leagues, then signed with the Toronto Blue Jays and made six starts with limited effectiveness. He pitched for minor league teams in several organizations in 2014 and 2015. In 2016, he returned to the major leagues as a relief pitcher with the Kansas City Royals. <mask> was the third major leaguer from Taiwan, following Dodgers outfielder Chin-Feng Chen, and Rockies pitcher Chin-Hui Tsao. Minor league career
<mask> rose through the New York Yankees minor league system, including the Single-A Staten Island Yankees, who retired his #41 in 2006. <mask> posted a 1.75 ERA for Staten Island,

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 second-lowest in franchise history.He played for the World Team in the All-Star Futures Game in 2003. In 2005, <mask> was called up from the Yankees' Triple-A affiliate, the Columbus Clippers. In 2013, <mask> came back to the Yankees' Triple-A affiliate, the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders. Major league career

New York Yankees

2005–2007

<mask> made his MLB debut on April 30, 2005, against the Toronto Blue Jays, pitching seven strong innings while allowing only two earned runs. He earned a no-decision in the Yankees' 4–3 win. <mask> pitched in 18 games, though an injury kept him sidelined for part of the season. He went 8–5 with an earned run average of 4.02.On September 19, 2005, <mask> tied a record for assists in a game by a pitcher with nine. In the playoffs against the Angels, <mask> pitched 6 innings and allowed four runs, only one of which was earned. The Yankees lost the game and the series. In 2006, <mask> won 19 games (tied for the most in the majors along with Johan Santana) and posted a 3.63 ERA in 218 innings across 34 games (33 starts). He picked up his first save on June 3 against the Baltimore Orioles in his only non-starting appearance. <mask> also threw two complete games, though the first, on June 18, was bittersweet: against the Washington Nationals, he allowed a one-out, two-run, walk-off home run by Ryan Zimmerman to lose the game 3–2. His first complete-game win was on July 28, 2006, a two-hit, 6–0 shutout of the Tampa Bay Devil Rays at Yankee Stadium.In his next start, he threw eight shutout innings against the Toronto Blue Jays, in which he got an outstanding 16 ground ball outs. <mask> was particularly strong in the second half of the

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texts: season, winning 10 of his 14 starts and posting a 3.13 ERA in 92 innings. He was selected to start the first game of the Division Series against the Detroit Tigers, earning the win as the Yankees beat Detroit 8–4. Overall in 2006, <mask> limited batters to a .211 batting average while games were tied, and a .205 batting average in games that were late and close. The Tampa Bay Devil Rays batted just .159 against him, losing three out of four games to the Yankees that <mask> pitched. <mask> was effective despite the lowest strikeout rate in the majors (3.14 strikeouts per nine innings and 76 strikeouts overall), thanks in part to his allowing the fewest home runs per nine innings (0.5; he allowed just 12 home runs overall). <mask> also led the league in ground ball percentage (62.8%) and obtained 2.84 groundouts for every fly ball out.At the end of the season, <mask> finished second to Johan Santana in voting for the Cy Young Award. <mask> collected 15 second-place votes, and 51 points. He also received a ninth-place vote, good for two points, in the AL MVP balloting, won by Justin Morneau. In MLB.com's This Year in Baseball Awards, he was chosen as the top starter in 2006 season with more than 47% of the fan vote. <mask> began the 2007 season on the disabled list, having injured his right hamstring during spring training. He returned on April 24 against Tampa Bay. On May 5, 2007, <mask> pitched 7 perfect innings before giving up a home run to Ben Broussard of the Seattle Mariners, falling five outs short of a perfect game.On June 17, 2007, <mask> had a superb outing versus the New York Mets, in which he threw 113 pitches through 8 and 2/3 innings, notched 10


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 strikeouts (a career high) and gave up just two runs on six hits. On August 30, <mask> took a no-hitter against the Boston Red Sox into the seventh inning before giving up a single to Mike Lowell. Rookies Joba Chamberlain and Edwar Ramírez finished the two-hitter, and the Yankees beat the Red Sox 5–0. In 2007, <mask> was second in the AL in wins (19), third for the second straight year in win–loss percentage (.731), ninth in wild pitches (9), and 10th in hit batsmen (8). He had a perfect 1.000 fielding percentage. He also had the lowest HR/9 innings pitched ratio in the AL (0.41; in  innings he allowed just nine home runs), was third in GB% (58.5%) and GB/FB (2.51), and had the fifth-lowest strikeouts per 9 innings pitched (4.70, and 104 strikeouts overall). Despite his regular season performance, <mask> faltered in the 2007 postseason.In the American League Division Series against the Cleveland Indians, <mask> started two games, earning the loss in both appearances. He pitched a combined 5 and 2/3 innings, giving up 12 earned runs, for a postseason ERA of 19.06. The Yankees lost the ALDS in four games. 2008–2009
The beginning of the 2008 season saw <mask> at the top of the Yankees rotation and the ace with veterans Mike Mussina and Andy Pettitte. In the final Yankee Stadium season opener against the Toronto Blue Jays, <mask> pitched 7.0 innings, allowing only two runs and picking up his first win of the season. In his first start against the Boston Red Sox in 2008, he pitched a one-run, two-hit complete game. On April 22, 2008, <mask> recorded a win against the Chicago White Sox at U.S. Cellular Field.The victory, in <mask>'s 85th career start, made him the

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texts: fastest Major Leaguer to record 50 wins as a starter since Dwight Gooden, who won his 50th game in his 82nd start on June 29, 1986, at Chicago for the New York Mets. <mask> also became the quickest Yankee to 50 wins since Ron Guidry, who accomplished this in his 82nd start. <mask> finished April with a perfect 5–0 record, leading the American League along with Joe Saunders. On May 2, <mask> became the first six-game winner in the American League with a win over the Seattle Mariners with just one earned run over six innings. On May 8, Cliff Lee of the Cleveland Indians beat <mask> 3–0, handing <mask> his first loss of the season. During this loss, <mask> allowed three runs and five hits in seven innings. On June 10, after going six starts with two losses and four no decisions since May 2, <mask> defeated the Oakland Athletics 3–1 to end the longest victory drought of his career.Through 2008, <mask> had the third highest winning percentage of all starting pitchers over the last three years (46–15, .754). On June 15, <mask> was taken out of an interleague game versus the Houston Astros due to a right foot injury he sustained while running the bases, something he was not used to doing, since pitchers do not bat in the American League. <mask> was diagnosed with a torn Lisfranc ligament of the right foot and a partial tear of the peroneus longus of the right foot. Despite not requiring surgery, he was on crutches and wearing a protective boot. The cast was removed on July 29, but the extensive rehabilitation process prevented <mask> from pitching for the remainder of the season. Yankees' part-owner Hank Steinbrenner showed frustration with pitchers having to bat in the

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texts: National League and suggested that the League  "join the modern age". On December 22, 2008, <mask> and the New York Yankees avoided salary arbitration when they agreed to a $5 million, one-year contract.<mask> made $4 million in the 2008 season after losing in salary arbitration. He had asked for $4.6 million. On April 3, 2009, <mask> became the first Yankees' starting and the first game winning pitcher of the new Yankee Stadium in the stadium opener exhibition game against Chicago Cubs. His regular season began with an extraordinarily bad performance. In his first start of the regular season, <mask> gave up seven earned runs and nine hits in 3.2 innings against the Baltimore Orioles. That was followed by a one-inning appearance against the Tampa Bay Rays when he surrendered eight earned runs in just one inning. In his third start, against the Cleveland Indians in New York on April 18, <mask> was credited for eight more earned runs in 1.1 innings; Cleveland won the game 22–4.After his first three appearances, <mask> was 0–3 with a whopping 34.50 ERA. There was speculation that the right foot injury <mask> sustained during the 2008 season caused him to compensate with the rest of his pitching motion, leading to his 2009 struggles. Following the April 18 game manager Joe Girardi said, "We have some time. We have a day off, I think Thursday, and we're going to have to decide what's best for Chien-<mask> and the team." On April 22, General Manager Brian Cashman, at a Q&A at Southern Connecticut State University, confirmed <mask>'s release point was five inches higher than the same time the previous season. After being removed from the rotation and sent down to Tampa

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 to work out mechanical issues, <mask> was diagnosed with weakness in the muscles of both hips and placed on the disabled list. He was activated from the disabled list on May 22, 2009, and on his first day on the active roster, he was brought in from the bullpen.After two more relief appearances, <mask> went back to the rotation, but he struggled once again in his first and second starts back. On June 28, <mask> earned his first win of the season, also his first since June 15, 2008, giving up two runs over 5.1 innings against the New York Mets. <mask> was placed on the disabled list on July 15, 2009, due to shoulder soreness. He was then eliminated for the remainder of the season after undergoing shoulder surgery on July 30, 2009. After the Yankees won the 2009 World Series against the Philadelphia Phillies, <mask> participated in the championship parade through the Canyon of Heroes, but acknowledged it "would have been more fun" if he had been healthy. On December 12, 2009, the Yankees made the choice not to re-sign him, making him a free agent. Washington Nationals

2010–2012

On February 19, 2010, the Washington Nationals announced they had signed <mask> as a free agent to a $2 million deal (plus up to $3 million in incentives).In June, it was thought that <mask> would return to the majors in late July or early August. However, <mask>'s rehabilitation had been inconsistent, and there was no timetable for his return to the majors. In September, the Nationals acknowledged that <mask> would not pitch in the majors at all during the season, but instead was preparing for the instructional leagues in the fall. <mask> was non-tendered after the 2010 season. On

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texts: December 16, 2010, <mask> re-signed with the Nationals to a one-year, $1 million contract with $4 million worth of potential performance incentives. After continuing his injury rehabilitation, he began a formal rehab assignment on June 27 with the Nationals' Class A farm team, the Hagerstown Suns, pitching three innings, allowing two earned runs while striking out three and walking none. Although his velocity topped out at around 90 mph, it mostly sat between 86 and 88 mph.In his second start, on July 2 with the high-A Potomac Nationals, <mask> pitched four shutout innings, and allowed two walks while striking out two. 63% of his 38 pitches were strikes while his velocity hit 91 mph in his final inning of work. Following a July 24 start for the Triple-A Syracuse Chiefs, <mask> made his Nationals debut on July 29. <mask> ended the season with 11 starts, recorded 4–3 with a 4.04 ERA. He also made his first hit and first RBI in the majors in his final start of the season on September 24 against the Atlanta Braves' starting pitcher Brandon Beachy. On October 30, 2011, <mask> was granted free agency. Five days later on November 4, <mask> re-signed with the Nationals to a one-year, $4 million contract.On March 15, 2012, <mask> sustained an injury to his left hamstring, placing him on the DL. On May 25, <mask> pitched in the majors for the first time since going on the disabled list. He went three innings in his first win that season. <mask> then replaced Ross Detwiler in the team's starting rotation. In just four starts, <mask> went 1–3 with an ERA of 6.10 and 11 strikeouts. On September 23, <mask> hit the first career double against Milwaukee Brewers' starting pitcher


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 Yovani Gallardo. Minor league stint with the Yankees

On March 22, 2013, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the New York Yankees.According to his agents and Taiwan's EETV, his minors contract is worth US$35,000 per month, but could worth up to $2.5 million per year, with an extra $2.2 million in bonuses. However, if he did not secure a major league contract by the end of April, he had the option to revert to free-agent status. <mask> opted out of his contract on June 7, 2013. Toronto Blue Jays

<mask> signed a one-year, $500,000 deal with the Toronto Blue Jays on June 9, 2013. He was added to the Blue Jays' roster on June 11, making his first pitching appearance as a starter against the Chicago White Sox. Toronto Blue Jays general manager Alex Anthopoulos said that the team guaranteed <mask> one start, and would decide on further appearances based on the result of his first start. <mask> earned his first win as a Blue Jay in a game against the Texas Rangers on June 16, pitching seven shutout innings.The win gave the Blue Jays their first four-game sweep in the 2013 season, and the first four-game sweep of the Rangers in Arlington in Blue Jays franchise history. From June 11, the date <mask> was added to their roster, to June 23, the Blue Jays went on an 11-game winning streak. <mask> started three games during the streak, pitching at least six innings in each and compiling an ERA of 2.18. <mask> followed up his successful streak by starting two games in which he was unable to make it out of the second inning. On June 27, <mask> pitched 1 innings against the Boston Red Sox and surrendered six hits and seven earned runs. On July 2, he also pitched only 1


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 innings and gave up eight hits and six earned runs to the Detroit Tigers. After the Tigers game, Blue Jays manager John Gibbons announced that <mask> had been designated for assignment.<mask> was reported to be willing to accept an assignment to Triple-A Buffalo and was outrighted to Buffalo on July 5. <mask> was added to the Blue Jays roster again on August 24, and designated for assignment on August 26. After clearing waivers, he was again outrighted to the Buffalo Bisons. He became a free agent on October 1. Return to the minor leagues
On December 19, 2013, <mask> signed a minor league contract with an invitation to spring training with the Cincinnati Reds. He began the 2014 season with the Louisville Bats of the International League, but opted out of his deal on July 13. <mask> signed a minor league contract with the White Sox on July 17, and pitched for the Charlotte Knights of the International League.During the 2014–15 offseason, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Atlanta Braves. The Braves assigned <mask> to the Gwinnett Braves of the International League. In 10 starts and one relief appearance, <mask> had a 2–6 record with an ERA of 6.10, while surrendering the most hits in Triple-A up to the month of June. He was released on June 19. <mask> signed with the Southern Maryland Blue Crabs of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball, and independent baseball league, on June 24. He made three starts for the Blue Crabs, winning all three and pitching to a 2.49 ERA. On July 12, 2015, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Seattle Mariners.They assigned him to the Tacoma Rainiers of the Triple-A Pacific Coast League. Kansas City


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On January 7, 2016, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Kansas City Royals. After a strong spring training, he made the Royals' opening day roster for the 2016 season as a relief pitcher. On April 9, 2016, <mask> threw a scoreless ninth inning in a 7–0 victory against the Minnesota Twins. This was his first major league game since August 25, 2013. <mask> pitched for the Royals 38 times for  innings over the year, going 6–0 with a 4.22 ERA. He went on the disabled list with right biceps tendinitis on August 31 and was designated for assignment on September 17, 2016.He was released on September 22. National baseball team

<mask> pitched for the Chinese Taipei national baseball team in the 2002 Asian Games. In 2004, as the ace of the staff, <mask> led Taiwan to the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens. Against Australia, he allowed just three hits with no walks, and at one point retired nine batters in a row, to earn the win. He also limited Japan to just five hits in the first six innings. After being called up to the American major leagues, <mask> was idolized in Taiwan where all of his games were televised nationwide, many on public big screens to large audiences. Because of this popularity, he was named one of the Time 100 for 2007.At the 2013 World Baseball Classic, <mask> started for the Taiwan team's opener against Australia and threw 6 shut out innings for the win. In the second round, <mask> pitched six impressive scoreless innings against Japan, but was left with a no-decision when Japan rallied to win in the 10th inning. Coaching career
<mask> joined the Fubon Guardians of Taiwan's Chinese Professional Baseball League in June 2018 as a guest


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 coach. He remained with the team through the 2019 season. In 2020, <mask> became the pitching coach for the CTBC Brothers, and focused particularly on pitching prospects on the Brothers' farm team. During the offseason in 2021, the Brothers announced that <mask> had signed a new contract, and agreed to remain with the team as coach for three years. Scouting report
During his prime, <mask> was a finesse pitcher with a power pitcher's velocity.In this period, he primarily relied on his power sinker along with the occasional four-seam fastball, slider, changeup, and splitter. His sinker, which was responsible for his elevation to ace status before his foot injury, had very impressive lateral movement and was thrown at greater than average velocity, sitting in the 91–94 mph range. Before his first shoulder injury, he also had a curveball until he was encouraged to opt for a sinker instead. By 2016, after a long recovery process, <mask>'s sinker had returned to the 89-93 mph range, with a top speed of 95 mph. His strikeout pitch is an average slider that closely resembles the fastball coming out of his hand, thus getting batters to swing ahead of the pitch. <mask> also throws a split-finger fastball, though he only uses the pitch sparsely when in need of a strikeout or double play. <mask>'s pitching style is characterized by efficiency, command of the strike zone, few walks, few home runs allowed but also records very few strikeouts.<mask> works quickly and uses his ground-ball inducing sinker to produce many double plays. This efficiency often allows <mask> to maintain a low pitch count deep into games. In Taiwan and the minor leagues, <mask> threw a more


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 conventional assortment of pitches, including a four-seam fastball, a changeup, and far more splitters. The sinker, which has become <mask>'s signature pitch, was developed during his minor league career with advice from Neil Allen, his Triple-A pitching coach, and his Triple-A catcher, Sal Fasano. Prior to the 2008 season, <mask> relied on his sinking fastball about 90% of the time. However, after occasional bad outings, especially during the 2007 ALDS, <mask> has worked to fully incorporate a slider and changeup into his repertoire. Through his first three starts of 2008, <mask> used his slider roughly 20% of the time and his changeup around 8%.Personal life
In a 2006 The New York Times interview, <mask> revealed that he is the biological child of the man he formerly thought was his uncle. Due to the media frenzy created in Taiwan over this, he briefly refused to give interviews to Taiwanese media. <mask> has also been taught basic English. He has resided in Fort Lee, New Jersey and Edgewater, New Jersey. <mask> is married to Chia-Ling Wu. The couple has two sons, J.J., born 2009, and Wellington, born 2013. On April 23, 2012, <mask> admitted to having an extramarital affair while he was recovering from a shoulder injury in 2009.In the summer of 2011, <mask>'s biological maternal grandfather, a man surnamed Huang, 82, committed suicide in a park in Tainan, Taiwan by hanging himself with a piece of electrical cord, according to a news report in the Taipei Times. <mask> often visited this maternal grandfather when he returned to Taiwan from time to time. A documentary about <mask>, Late Life: The Chien-<mask> Story, debuted in theaters in October 2018. See also

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 List of Major League Baseball players from Taiwan
 List of Major League Baseball annual wins leaders

References

External links

1980 births
Living people
American League wins champions
Asian Games medalists in baseball
Asian Games silver medalists for Chinese Taipei
Baseball players at the 2002 Asian Games
Baseball players at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Charlotte Knights players
Columbus Clippers players
Expatriate baseball players in Canada
Gulf Coast Yankees players
Hagerstown Suns players
Harrisburg Senators players
Louisville Bats players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball players from Taiwan
Medalists at the 2002 Asian Games
New York Yankees players
Baseball players from Tainan
People from Edgewater, New Jersey
People from Fort Lee, New Jersey
Potomac Nationals players
Kansas City Royals players
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders players
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees players
Southern Maryland Blue Crabs players
Staten Island Yankees players
Syracuse Chiefs players
Tacoma Rainiers players
Taiwanese expatriate baseball players in the United States
Taiwanese expatriates in Canada
Tampa Yankees players
Toronto Blue Jays players
Trenton Thunder players
Washington Nationals players
2013 World Baseball Classic players
Olympic baseball players of


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<mask>, King of Lochlann was a key figure in the emergence of Norse influence in Scotland and one of the early Kings of the Isles and of that dominated the Irish Sea and environs in the Early Middle Ages. Very little is known of him, including his origins and the nature of his kingdom, although his descendants are well attested in the Irish annals. Speculative connections between these historical figures and characters from the Norse sagas have also been made. Life
The Fragmentary Annals of Ireland record of Amlaib Conung that in 871 he:went from Erin to Lochlann to wage war on the Lochlanns, and to aid his father <mask>h, for the Lochlanns had made war against him, his father having come for him.Ó Corráin (1998), p. 34. Frustratingly, the text continues:

 Since it would be lengthy to tell the cause of their war, and since it has so little relevance to us, although we have knowledge of it, we forego writing it, for our task is to write about whatever concerns Ireland, and not even all of that; for the Irish suffer evils not only from the Norwegians, but they also suffer many evils from themselves. These annals also note that in 849:  the sixth year of the reign of Máel Sechlainn, Amlaib Conung, son of the king of Lochlann, came to Ireland, and he
brought with him a proclamation of many tributes and taxes from his father, and he departed suddenly. Then his younger brother Imar came after him to levy the same tribute.This source is then clear that Amlaib is the son of <mask>, king of Lochlann, although the location of "Lochlann" is the subject of some dispute. This word is often translated as "Norway" although Ó Corráin (1998) argues that Lochlann "is Viking Scotland and

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 probably includes Man" at this time and suggests an early date for an organised Kingdom of the Isles. The Fragmentary Annals record little else about <mask>'s life but report of 873:Ég righ Lochlainne .i. Gothfraid do tedmaimm grána opond. Sic quod placuit Deo. (The death of the king of Lochlann i.e. Gothfraid of a sudden and horrible fit.So it pleased God.) However, according to Downham (2007) "none of these details can be relied upon" as "there is no contemporary evidence to support the statement that [Amlaib's] father was called <mask>", the Fragmentary Annals having been compiled at an uncertain date, possibly as early as the 11th century. Neither is the dating of the Annals definitive. Nonetheless, Ó Corráin (1998) argues of 873 that "this is no chronological impossibility: his sons first appeared in Ireland 25 years before, very likely in their twenties or younger, and we may infer from this that he may have been in his sixties when he died." He also states that "it is likely that the father of Amlaíb (Óláfr) and Ímar (Ívarr) is Gothfraidh (Guðrøðr) and that he is a historical person and dynastic ancestor." Predecessors
The Fragmentary Annals note of a date c. 871–872 that "In this year, i.e. the tenth year of the reign of Áed Findliath, Imar son of Gothfraid son of Ragnall son of Gothfraid Conung son of <mask>id and the son of the man who left Ireland, i.e.Amlaib, plundered from west to east, and from south to north." This suggests an ancestry for <mask>id but according to Ó Corráin this reference to "his genealogical ascent is a construct without historical value" and attempts to link the Kings of Lochlann with historical figures in Norway have not proven to be

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 satisfactory. Alfred Smyth identifies Amlaib as Olaf Geirstad-Alf of Vestfold, which would make <mask>id identical to Gudrød the Hunter, grandfather of Harald Fairhair. However Ó Corráin maintains that there is "no good historical or linguistic evidence to link Lothlend/Laithlind with Norway, and none to link the dynasty of Dublin to the shadowy history of the Ynglings of Vestfold." Descendants

In addition to Amlaib Conung, <mask>id had at least two other children, Amlaib's brothers Ímar, the eponymous founder of the Uí Ímair, and Óisle. The Annals of Ulster also note that there was a king of "Laithlinne" whose heir, Thórir, brought an army to Ireland in 848 and who died there in battle. Although there is no specific suggestion that this king was <mask>id this is only the year before the Fragmentary Annals first record of Amlaib as the king's son.According to the Fragmentary Annals c. 867: There was an encounter between Óisle, son of the king of Norway, and Amlaib, his brother. The king had three sons: Amlaib, Imar, and Óisle. Óisle was the least of them in age, but he was the greatest in valor, for he outshone the Irish in casting javelins and in strength with spears. He outshone the Norwegians in strength with swords and in shooting arrows. His brothers loathed him greatly, and Amlaib the most; the causes of the hatred are not told because of their length. The two brothers, Amlaib and Imar, went to consult about the matter of the young lad Óisle; although they had hidden reasons for killing him, they did not bring these up, but instead they brought up other causes for which they ought to kill him; and afterwards they decided to kill him. When Óisle visited Amlaib the former

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