texts:
 2019, Rucka began writing a second volume of The Old Guard called The Old Guard: Force Multiplied. Appearances in media
<mask> was featured as a character in the CSI: Crime Scene Investigation comic book mini-series Dying in the Gutters, where he accidentally killed comics gossip columnist Rich Johnston while attempting to kill Joe Quesada over his perceived role in the cancellation of Gotham Central.Personal life
<mask>, his wife, author Jen Van Meter, and their two children, lived in Eugene, Oregon, and  live in Portland, Oregon. In 2020, <mask> and Van Meter's older son Elliot was arrested for rioting as a member of the New Afrikan Black Panther Party. <mask>'s best friend, David Hale Smith, is also his literary agent. Rucka names The Conversation, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid and The Silence of the Lambs as his favorite films. He enjoys the music of Dexter Gordon, Lester Bowie, Joe Jackson, Warren Zevon, and Melissa Ferrick. His other hobbies include role-playing games, computer games, playing the guitar and collecting action figures. Awards

Wins
2000 Eisner Award for Best Limited Series (for Whiteout: Melt)
2002 Eisner Award for Best New Series (for Queen & Country, with Steve Rolston)
2004 Eisner Award for Best Serialized Story (for Gotham Central #6-10: "Half a Life", with Michael Lark)
2004 Harvey Award for Best Single Issue or Story (for Gotham Central #6-10, with Michael Lark; tied with Gilbert Hernandez and Jaime Hernandez for Love and Rockets #9)
2010 GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Comic Book (for Detective Comics)
2011 Eisner Award for Best Short Story (for "Post Mortem" from I Am An Avenger #2, with Michael


type: original

texts:
<mask> (; April 18, 1901 in Zharkent – March 1, 1974 in Leningrad), was a Russian hуdrographer; explorer of the Arctic seas and the Baltic Sea. Biography

Family and childhood

<mask> was born into the family of a hereditary Cossack officer. To help his family, which consisted of his parents and a younger sister, he began to work in the research team of the dredging works of the Irtysh river in Omsk during his summers from 1917 to 1919. Education and service

In 1919 he graduated from the First Omsk Men's gymnasium with a gold medal, and entered the Tomsk Technical Institute. However, the Civil war impeded his studies, and he was called to the White Army of the admiral Kolchak, to the Cossack's hundred-man unit of the 3d army headquarter. In January 1920 <mask> fell ill with Typhus, then with relapsing fever, and stayed under treatment in Korestelovo village (Erbev's volost of Kansky district, Krasnoyarsk Krai). In May 1920 he was called to the Red Army as an infantry man, in Tiumen.In September 1920 he was detached to Tomsk to continue his studies in the Tomsk Technical Institute, but there were no more vacancies there. So, <mask> had to enter the Tomsk Land-use Technical School. Survey in Ubekosibir

After the March 1921 trade contract between RSFSR, the United Kingdom, and Norway, the Kara Trade Expedition was organized under personal leadership of V. I. Lenin. After passing his exams, in summer of 1921 <mask> <mask> entered military service again in the Detached Hydrographic Party of the Ubekosibir (Siberian Department of Navigation Safety). He was a sounding steersman of the HS (hydrographic ship) No.141. In 1922 <mask> left his studies and began his first officer's post as an interpreter of the 1st

masks:
Georgy Nikolaevich Rybin
Georgy Rybin
Georgy
Rybin
Georgy
Rybin
Georgy


texts:
 Ob pilot distance. Then he was a foreman on different HSs: "Iney" (photo), "Orlik", "Anna", "Priboy", "Toros", "Tsirkul".During this period, he discovered, documented, and photographed the skeleton of Peter Tessem, member of Amundsen's expedition aboard Maud. In 1925 <mask> was appointed magnetic deviation chief of the Ob basin. In 1927 he passed his exams and received an external degree from the Hydrographic college. In 1928 he passed his exams and received an external degree from the Odessa Navigation College and was qualified as a navigator. In 1930 <mask> finished the special courses of the commanding staff of the Red Navy at the oldest college in Russia – the Frunze Naval College (hydrographic class). He became the commander of HS (hydrographic ship) "Tsyrkul" at the Yenisei pilot distance of the Ubekosibir. Service at Baltic
In 1933 the responsibility for navigation safety in the northern seas was transferred to GlavSevMorPut, and <mask> with all the hydrographers was moved to Leningrad.Here he was appointed chief foreman of the Ubekobalt (Baltic Department of the Navigation Safety); then, commander of HS "Ost"; then, HS group chief. In 1937 <mask> <mask> entered the Navy Academy – the highest Navy school in Russia which trains the staff for Navy headquarters. War

He graduated in August 1941, when the Wehrmacht was already close to Leningrad. He became the chief of the Mobile hydrographic group; then, in November, the deputy-chief of the Baltic hydrographic service. Georguy Ivanovich Zima was the chief of the Baltic hydrographic service. According to his son, Zima told to G. Rybin: "Time is difficult, it's impossible to trust to somebody. Only a cossack can trust to a cossack".Zima came from Kuban

masks: Rybin Georgy Rybin Georgy Rybin


texts:
 cossacks, Rybin from Siberian cossacks. During the siege in 1942 Georgy suffered from dystrophy. The most important role of the hydrographers during the siege was the coordination of the artillery shooting. It consisted, first of all, of the precise positioning of the Navy batteries: ships, onshore, railway and anti-aircraft. After performing the batteries formulaires, the task was to position the enemy batteries. That task was performed by geodesical intersection of the flashes. One of the intersection points was located on top of the St Isaac Cathedral.In November 1941 <mask> was awarded a gold Swiss watch for the geodesical insurance of the artillery shooting. The watch can now be seen in the museum of the Head Department of the Navigation and Oceanography. In 1944, after reconquering Estonia, the Baltic hydrographic service was moved to Tallinn (Kreuzwaldi 13). <mask> and his family (wife and son) lived on the fourth floor of the same building. His daughter was born in 1946. His son studied at the Russian school in Toompea. The main task of the hydrographic service in 1944-1945 was the fastest putting the reconquered ports and navaids into operation.Thus, <mask> with the mobile groups of the hydrographers, moved along the Baltic coast to south- west, took part in the East- Prussian operation and Konigsberg assault. After war
In 1945 the Baltic fleet was divided into 4th fleet, with the main base in Pillau, and 8th fleet, with the main base in Tallinn. <mask> was appointed the Chief of the 4th fleet hydrographic service, and moved to Königsberg. He entered the CPSU. With his family, he lived in a cottage, and used the Horch car with a sailor as a driver. The main task of the hydrographers in that period

masks:
Rybin
Rybin
George Rybin
Rybin


texts:
 was minesweeping. In 1947 <mask> <mask> moved to Leningrad where he was appointed the professor of geodesy and hydrography at the Naval college named after Frunze - the eldest existing high school in Russia, in former times- one of the most privileged.<mask> <mask> was the model of a Russian officer - always polite, smart, accurate. He used to start the dance parties with the first tour of waltz. Memory

Rybin-yaha (1923)- a river, flowing into the Gulf of Ob, Kara Sea( Mouth 69º01' N 72º31’ Е). <mask> was the first person to put the river on the charts (Russian charts 15337, 13335). Rybin seamount (1999)- a seamount in the Atlantic Ocean (31°47'2N, 12°49'4W), north-west of the Canary Islands, with a minimum depth of 412 meters compared to the surrounding depths of 2800–3600 meters.The relative height of the seamount is 2788 meters. In 1999, the Commission for Geographical names of the International Hydrographic Organization and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic committee named an underwater mount with the smallest depth of 412 meters and the relative height of 2700 meters  after Georgy – Rybin seamount. The mount was discovered in 1979 by the Baltic Oceanographic expedition of the Russian navy.See also
Russian Hydrographic Service

References

Сергей Владимирович Попов. Выходные данные:, Архангельск, Северо-Западное книжное издательство, 1990 http://www.polarpost.ru/Library/Popov-avtograph/text-avtograf_na_karte-17.html

↑ Трибуц В.Ф. "Балтийцы сражаются" Воениздат, 1985
http://militera.lib.ru/memo/russian/tributz_vf/index.html

1901 births
1974 deaths
People from Almaty Region
Soviet Cossacks
Soviet hydrographers
Soviet explorers
Explorers of Asia
Explorers of Siberia
Russian and Soviet polar

masks: Georgy Rybin Georgy Rybin Rybin


texts:
General <mask>, 1st Baron <mask>,  (20 February 1864 – 28 March 1925), known as <mask>, 2nd Baronet between 1895 and 1919, was a senior British Army officer in the First World War who commanded the Fourth Army of the British Expeditionary Force at the battles of the Somme (1916) and Amiens (1918) as well as the breaking of the Hindenburg Line (1918). He commanded the Indian Army from 1920 to 1925. Early life
<mask> was born at Trent Manor in Dorset on 20 February 1864. His father, Sir <mask>, 1st Baronet, was an Army officer, and a renowned Middle East scholar who is generally recognised as the father of Assyriology. He received his early formal education at Eton College. Early military career
After passing through commissioned officer training at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, Rawlinson entered the British Army as a lieutenant in the King's Royal Rifle Corps in India on 6 February 1884. His father arranged for him to serve on the staff of a friend, General Sir Frederick Roberts, the commander-in-chief in India.Rawlinson and the Roberts family remained close friends throughout his life. When Roberts died in November, 1914, Rawlinson wrote, "I feel as if I have lost my second father." His first military experience was serving in Burma during the 1886 uprising. In 1889, Rawlinson's mother died and he returned to Britain. He transferred to the Coldstream Guards, and was promoted to captain on 4 November 1891. He served on General Herbert Kitchener's staff during the advance on Omdurman in Sudan in 1898, and was promoted to major on 25 January 1899 and to brevet lieutenant-colonel on 26 January 1899. Rawlinson served with

masks:
Henry Seymour Rawlinson
Rawlinson
Sir Henry Rawlinson
Rawlinson
Henry Rawlinson


texts: distinction in a field command in the Second Boer War from 1899 to 1902, earning promotion to the local rank of colonel on 6 May 1901.He was in Western Transvaal during early 1902, and led a column taking part in the Battle of Rooiwal, the last battle of the war (11 April 1902). Following the end of hostilities in June 1902, he returned to the United Kingdom together with Lord Kitchener on board the SS Orotava, which arrived in Southampton on 12 July. In a despatch dated 23 June 1902, Lord Kichener wrote of Rawlinson that he "possesses the qualities of Staff Officer and Column Commander in the field. His characteristics will always ensure him a front place in whatever he sets his mind to." For his service in the war, Rawlinson was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the April 1901 South Africa Honours list (the award was dated to 29 November 1900), and he received the actual decoration after his return home, from Edward VII at Buckingham Palace on 24 October 1902. Rawlinson had received the brevet rank of colonel in the South Africa Honours list published on 26 June 1902, was promoted to the substantive rank of colonel on 1 April 1903, and named as commandant of the Army Staff College. Rawlinson was the first of three reforming Commandants who transformed the Staff College into a real war school.The curriculum was modernised and updated, the teaching given a new sense of purpose and instructors became 'Directing Staff' rather than 'Professors', emphasising practicality. Major Godwin-Austen, historian of the college, wrote: "Blessed with an extremely attractive personality, a handsome appearance, high social standing, and


texts:
 more than an average share of this world's goods, he was one to inspire his students unconsciously to follow in his footsteps." Promoted to temporary brigadier-general on 1 March 1907, he was made Commander of 2nd Infantry Brigade at Aldershot that year and, having been promoted to major-general on 10 May 1909, he became General Officer Commanding 3rd Division in 1910. In manoeuvres in June 1912, he showed an appreciation of the use of artillery, the Times's correspondent noting approvingly, "An operation of altogether unusual character took place yesterday on Salisbury Plain when Major-General Sir <mask>on's 3rd Division practised combined field firing on a scale, which, so far as the writer can recall, has never been attempted before." The historians Robin Prior and Trevor Wilson praise Rawlinson's foresight in considering combining infantry with the fire-power of machine-guns and artillery. After handing over the division to his successor in May 1914 Rawlinson went on leave, returning on the outbreak of war to briefly serve as Director of Recruiting at the War Office. First World War
In September 1914 Rawlinson was appointed General Officer Commanding 4th Division in France.Promoted to temporary lieutenant-general on 4 October 1914, he then took command of the IV Corps. In late September, the Belgian government formally requested British military assistance in defending Antwerp. IV Corps, acting under orders from the Cabinet, was chosen to reinforce the city. Rawlinson arrived in Antwerp on 6 October. It was soon obvious that the combined British, Belgian, and French forces were too weak to hold the city, and Kitchener decided on an


texts: evacuation two days later. IV Corps and the remnants of the Belgian Army successfully re-joined Allied forces in Western Belgium, with the Cabinet returning <mask>'s Corps to Sir John French's command. IV Corps marched into Ypres on the night of 13-14 October, where the BEF, advancing northwards, was preparing to meet the German Army.Located at the centre of the British line, IV Corps met the main thrust of the German attacks between 18-27 October and suffered heavy casualties. On 28 October, IV Corps was put under the temporary command of Douglas Haig while <mask> went to England to oversee the preparation of 8th Division. When he returned in November the German attacks on Ypres had died down. <mask> wrote to the Conservative politician Lord Derby (24 December 1914) forecasting that the Allies would win a war of attrition but it was unclear whether this would take one, two or three years. In 1915, IV Corps formed part of the First Army (General Douglas Haig). At the battle of Neuve Chapelle (10–12 March 1915), he massed 340 guns. The weight of this bombardment on a comparatively narrow front enabled the attackers to secure the village and  of the German front line.The arrival of German reinforcements prevented further advance. Rawlinson concluded that an enemy's line of trenches could be broken 'with suitable artillery preparation' combined with secrecy. He also drew a lesson, that trench warfare called for limited advances: 'What I want to do now is what I call "Bite & Hold" – bite off a piece of the enemy's line like Neuve Chapelle & hold it against all counter-attacks...there ought to be no difficulty in holding against the enemy's

masks: Rawlinson Rawlinson Rawlinson


texts:
 counter attacks & inflicting on him at least twice the loss that we have suffered in making the bite'. At the end of 1915, <mask> was considered for command of the First Army, in succession to Haig but the command was instead given to Sir Charles Monro. He was promoted to temporary general on 22 December 1915. Promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant-general on 1 January 1916, <mask> assumed command of the new Fourth Army on 24 January 1916. The Fourth Army would play a major role in the planned Allied offensive on the Somme.He wrote in his diary: "It is not the lot of many men to command an army of over half a million men". The Somme was originally conceived as a joint Anglo-French offensive but owing to the demands of the Battle of Verdun, French participation was greatly reduced, leaving the British, and especially <mask>'s inexperienced army, to bear the brunt of the offensive. On the eve of the offensive, he "showed an attitude of absolute confidence". To his diary he confided some uncertainties: "What the actual results will be no one can say but I feel pretty confident of success myself though only after heavy fighting. That the bosh [sic] will break and that a debacle will supervene I do not believe..." He was not satisfied that the wire was well cut and enemy trenches sufficiently "knocked about". Battle of the Somme

The Somme offensive was launched on 1 July 1916. In English writing, attention has been paid to the first day, a British disaster for three of the five attacking corps, although the battle lasted 141 days against two German armies.On 1 July, British forces were repulsed by the Germans along most of the


texts: front north of the Albert–Bapaume road, suffering 57,000 casualties. The worst defeats were in front of Pozières and Thiepval. By the afternoon Rawlinson was aware of much of the disaster but not of the casualties. By 3 July he knew 8,000 prisoners had been taken. On the Allied right, the British and French had more success. Here they had a better fire plan but limited objectives as a flank guard to a main advance further north. This was more in keeping with Rawlinson's idea of "bite and hold".There is no documentary evidence that the corps commander on the right (southern) British flank, General Walter Congreve, telephoned Rawlinson to ask permission to advance beyond his set objectives or to send in cavalry. The principal causes of the defeat in the north were the skill of German defenders, the siting of their defences and the failure of the long and heavy preliminary artillery bombardment to destroy the German barbed wire and trenches, except in the southern sector where French heavy artillery assisted. It is not true that heavily laden British infantry were required to advance at a slow walk. The researches of the historians Robin Prior and Trevor Wilson have shown that the majority of battalions were out in No Man's Land before whistles blew. This was of no avail, except in the south, against skilful placing of German machine guns in enfilade positions and German artillery fire falling on British trenches to prevent reinforcements reaching the 36th (Ulster) Division, who had penetrated the German position north of Thiepval. Rawlinson's 'Tactical Notes', initially drafted by his chief of staff Archie Montgomery, were not


texts: prescriptive, giving initiative to battalion commanders to choose their formations. Haig told Rawlinson to exploit success in the south.Fourth Army fought its way forward towards the second German line atop the Bazentin Ridge. At first light on 14 July, following a night approach march, a two-day preparatory bombardment of over 375,000 shells and a five-minute intensive hurricane bombardment, the leading British attackers, some within  of enemy lines attacked the German position. Nearly all first line objectives were taken. The Germans suffered 2,200 casualties and the British took 1,400 prisoners. The British were unable to exploit this success and a long period of difficult fighting followed. The Germans made excellent use of the woods on the battlefield, turning each into a strongpoint. <mask> mainly failed to intervene and coordinate attacks until late August and early September, when he massed guns and men, enabling brigades of the 16th (Irish) Division to capture Guillemont village.By late September, superior British artillery and better tactics enabled the British to achieve a striking success in the Battle of Morval. At the start of October, the rain and the temperature fell and the battlefield turned into a quagmire. The only late success was gained by the Fifth Army (formerly Reserve Army, Hubert Gough) capturing Beaumont Hamel. The results of the Somme remain in dispute; casualties on both sides were immense. There is evidence that the German Army suffered enormous damage from an increasingly effective British artillery aided by French and British air superiority over the battlefield. "The unprecedented English artillery


texts:
 fire on the Somme is filling the hospitals more than ever" wrote the wife of a German aristocrat. Rawlinson contributed to this in his awareness of guns and aircraft and his planning aided by his chief of staff for attacks on 14 July and 25 September.On and before 1 July and during most of August he has been criticised for giving insufficient direction and did not consistently assert control over subordinate commanders. There was cautious British optimism at the end of the Battle and General Sir <mask>'s felt that Haig could defeat Germany in 1917 by fighting "two Sommes at once", but that he should be told how much manpower was available and told to plan accordingly. In January 1917, <mask> was promoted to permanent general "for distinguished service in the field". For a period in 1917–18, he also commanded the Second Army. In February 1918 he was appointed British Permanent Military Representative to the inter-Allied Supreme War Council at Versailles. Battles of 1918

On 28 March 1918, <mask> took over Fifth Army from Hubert Gough, sacked in the wake of the German March offensive, Operation Michael; his Fourth Army Staff joined him and Fifth Army became Fourth Army on 2 April. By this time the German Army's offensive had been checked, and the Allies were preparing a counter-offensive.Following the success of the Australian attack at Le Hamel on 4 July, Rawlinson proposed to Haig a larger attack, designed to force the Germans back from the city of Amiens and further to damage the German Army's weakening morale. At lunch on 16 July Haig agreed, saying he had already proposed such an operation. Rawlinson had learned from his experiences

masks:
Henry Wilson
Rawlinson
Rawlinson


texts: on the Somme. "The immeasurable superiority of the planning for 8 August 1918 over that for 1 July 1916 testified to the distance the BEF had travelled in the interim." The attack was to be on a relatively narrow front, with no prior bombardment and limited objectives. To ensure a breakthrough, Haig gave <mask> command of virtually the whole British armoured forces. By this stage of the war British manpower was severely depleted, and to achieve the breakthrough, the 4th Army comprised four Canadian, five Australian, five British and one American division.The Allies achieved surprise and the Battle of Amiens proved a striking success. On 8 August, described by General Erich Ludendorff as "the black day of the German Army", the Allies took 12,000 prisoners and captured 450 guns. The German and Allied commands were struck by the collapse in German morale and the high number of Germans surrendering without a fight. The Allies were still cautious about pressing their advantage too far and on 11 August <mask> advised Haig to halt the offensive. In September, again commanding a mixed force of British, Australian and American divisions, Rawlinson participated in the breaking of the Hindenburg Line, a major part of the Hundred Days Offensive. Initial planning was by Monash, the Australian commander, but Rawlinson broadened the front and gave him more tanks. The Allied attack was preceded by a massive artillery bombardment.Allied success was most striking in the centre where 46th (North Midland) Division crossed the St Quentin Canal and stormed trenches beyond, advancing up to  and taking over 5,300 prisoners. The Fourth Army's advance continued

masks: Rawlinson Rawlinson


texts:
 in the Battles of the Selle and the Sambre and Oise Canal. In the Hundred Days, the Fourth Army had gained , taking 80,000 prisoners and 1,100 guns. Later life and Indian Command
<mask> was bestowed with many honours in reward for his role in the First World War. He was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order in 1917 and appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George 1918. In August 1919 the Houses of Parliament passed a vote of thanks to him for his military service, and awarded him the sum of £30,000 from the Exchequer. In 1919, he was raised to the peerage as <mask> of Trent in the County of Dorset, and appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath.<mask> was again called on to organise an evacuation, this time of the Allied forces that had been sent to Russia to intervene in the Russian Civil War. In November 1919 he became General Officer Commanding-in-Chief for Aldershot Command. In 1920, <mask> was made Commander-in-Chief, India. Winston Churchill as Secretary of State for War was instrumental in securing his appointment, over-riding a tradition that the post alternated between officers from the British and Indian Armies. He told Lloyd George that the post should go to the best qualified officer and that his military advisors "entirely supported my view that the best appointment we could make would be that of General Lord Rawlinson". He held the post until his death. He faced severe challenges.Brigadier Reginald Dyer's ordering his men to shoot at a crowd at Amritsar, killing 387 unarmed Indians, left a deep legacy of bitterness. The 3rd Afghan War had ended, but there was

masks:
Rawlinson
Baron Rawlinson
Rawlinson
Rawlinson


texts:
 continued fighting in Waziristan. A hugely expanded army faced postwar demobilisation and continued cost of modernisation. The new commander-in-chief was expected to introduce a measure of "Indianisation", giving commissions to Indians. Under the system of Dyarchy, Indians, generally opposed to military expenditure, took a share in government and Rawlinson would have to justify army budgets. The Moplah Rebellion of 1921 brought widespread disorder. When Gandhi launched the movement of non-cooperation with the British on 1 August 1920, he wished to avoid popular violence, but in 1922 the campaign degenerated: a crowd attacked a police station at Chauri Chaura, set fire to the building and 22 or 23 policemen were burnt to death or hacked down by the crowd.Gandhi cancelled the campaign, but he and other leaders of the resistance were arrested. <mask> certainly began his command believing that the Army would have to maintain order. On 15 July, he complained that:

John Newsinger argues that "there is no doubt that the great majority of the British in India, soldiers, officials, civilians, agreed with Rawlinson on this. A few months later he noted in his journal that he "was determined to fight for the white community against any black sedition or rebellion", and, if necessary, "be the next Dyer". Nonetheless, with Gandhi temporarily behind bars and increasing economic stability as the 1920s advanced, Rawlinson had the scope to reduce the Army's strength, modernise its equipment and work closely with Viceroys Chelmsford and Reading to try to make dyarchy a success. In Waziristan, the British and Indian Field Force backed by aircraft put an


texts:
 end to the fighting, built roads and established a brigade base at Razmak. Rawlinson announced a scheme of "Indianisation" to the Legislative Assembly on 17 February 1923.Its aim, he said, was to "give Indians a fair opportunity of providing that units officered by Indians will be efficient in every way". The Prince of Wales' Royal Indian Military College was founded at Dehra Dun in 1922, run on English public school lines, to encourage potential officer candidates. In 1924, <mask> was appointed a Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India. By the end of his Indian command, he had reduced the Indian army in numbers and cost, but improved firepower, mobility and training. In financial matters he had been hugely helped by Sir Bhupendra Mitra, who had financial details "at his finger's ends". He had been appointed to succeed Lord Cavan as CIGS when he left India. Death
<mask> died on 28 March 1925 at the age of 61 at Delhi in India, after a medical operation for a stomach ailment, although not long before the operation he had played polo and cricket and seemed fit and well.His body was carried back to England on the SS Assaye, which was met on reaching the English Channel by a Royal Navy destroyer, onto which the coffin was transferred, then carried into Portsmouth Harbour, being met at the South Jetty by a military ceremonial receiving party. Rawlinson was buried in the chapel of St Michael and St George in the north transept of St Andrew's Church, Trent, in the county of Dorset. Personal life
Rawlinson was a gifted water colour artist. In March 1920, he and Winston Churchill enjoyed a painting holiday together on the


texts:
 French estate of the Duke of Westminster. "The General paints in water colours and does it very well," wrote Churchill. "With all my enormous paraphernalia, I have produced very indifferent results here." He married Meredith Sophia Francis Kennard (1861–1931) at St Paul's Church, Knightsbridge, London on 5 November 1890, the marriage producing no children.On <mask>'s death the baronetcy passed to his brother <mask>. Honours

British
 Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO) - 14 July 1917 (KCVO: 15 August 1916; CVO: 30 June 1905)
 Knight Commander of the Order of St. Michael and St. George (KCMG) – 1 January 1918
 Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) – 1 January 1919 (KCB: 18 February 1915; CB: 1902)
 <mask>, of Trent in the County of Dorset – 31 October 1919

Other
 Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour of France – 24 February 1916
 Order of Danilo, 1st Class of the Kingdom of Montenegro – 31 October 1916
 Obilitch Medal in Gold of the Kingdom of Montenegro – 21 April 1917
 Order of St. George, 4th Class of the Empire of Russia – 1 June 1917
 Grand Officer of the Order of Leopold of Belgium – 26 July 1917
 Croix de Guerre of Belgium – 11 March 1918
 Croix de Guerre of France  – 11 March 1919
 Army Distinguished Service Medal of the United States – 12 July 1919

References

Further reading
 Atwood, Rodney, (2018) 'General Lord Rawlinson. From Tragedy to Triumph'. Bloomsbury Academic,
 Jacobsen, Mark, (2002) 'Rawlinson in India'. Publications of the Army Records Society Vol 19.Sutton Publishing, Stroud, Glos. Maurice, Major-General Sir Frederick (1928), The Life of General <mask> of Trent G.C.B., G.C.V.O.,

masks:
Henry Rawlinson
Alfred Rawlinson
Baron Rawlinson
Lord Rawlinson


texts:
 G.C.S.I., K.C.M.G. : From His Journals and Letters Cassell, OCLC 924000844
 Prior, Robin (2004) Command on the Western Front: The Military Career of Sir <mask>linson 1914–1918 Leo Cooper,

 Rawlinson, A.(1923) Adventures in the Near East, 1918–1922 Andrew Melrose, OCLC 369625881

External links

 National Portrait Gallery (13 portraits, 6 displayed)

The Papers of General Lord (<mask><mask> held at Churchill Archives Centre

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1864 births
1925 deaths
Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
People educated at Eton College
People from Westminster
Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
British Army personnel of the Mahdist War
British Army personnel of the Second Boer War
British Army generals of World War I
British Commanders-in-Chief of India
English polo players
Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India
Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
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Knights of the Order of St John
King's Royal Rifle Corps officers
Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley
Commandants of the Staff College, Camberley
Peers created by George V
British Army generals
Military personnel from

masks:
Henry Raw
Henry S
) Rawlinson


texts:
<mask> (August 8, 1926 – April 7, 2017) was a  Mexican painter and print maker. He is known as one of “Los Fridos” students who studied under Frida Kahlo at her home in Coyoacán. Life

<mask> was born in Mexico City, near the Zócalo. He grew up during the time when Mexican muralism was dominant, which drew him to art. After attending high school at the Escuela Nacional Preparatoria Núm 1, specializing in architecture, he entered the  Escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas in 1941, at age fifteen. The following year (1943) he entered the Escuela de Pintura y Escultura ("La Esmeralda") where his teachers were Frida Kahlo, Feliciano Peña, Agustín Lazo and María Izquierdo, studying there for five years. During his career he studied printmaking as well, including courses in printmaking with Korean artist Wan Jon Ja in Pyongyang and Chinese printing in Beijing in 1957.<mask>’ social life when he was younger revolved around the circles of Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo, even meeting his wife, Rina Lazo through the famous couple. He married her in 1949. The couple were happily married for over 60 years until <mask> died. They lived in the Coyoacán borough of Mexico City in a colonial house called Casa Colorada, on Calle de Vallarta in the La Conchita neighborhood. Their home is  said to be a residence of La Malinche. It was later a monastery, prison and hospital. After living there for more than forty years, in 2006, they opened part of it on the ground floor to house the Galería de la Casa Colorado.This gallery is run by the couple’s only daughter, Rina <mask>, who is an architect specializing in the restoration of monuments. <mask> died in Mexico City on April 7, 2017. His last exhibition took place at Universidad Iberoamericana. This was a cooperative display by him and his wife, and was mounted by alumni from the Art History major. Career
<mask> career began as one of four students who went to Coyoacán to study under Frida Kahlo in the Coyoacán section of Mexico City. These students became known as Los Fridos. He worked as an apprentice in

masks:
Arturo García Bustos
Arturo García Bustos
García Bustos
Arturo
García Lazo
Bustos
García Bustos


texts: mural painting with Diego Rivera and initially learned engraving and lithography working at the Taller de Gráfica Popular with Leopoldo Méndez.In 1958, he collaborated with graphic designer Miguel Prieto at the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes. He had individual and collective exhibitions in various parts of Mexico and abroad. Individual exhibits include those in Mexico City, Veracruz, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Michoacán and Guadalajara as well as in countries such as Guatemala, El Salvador, the United States, Venezuela, Ecuador, Argentina, Bolivia, Germany, the Soviet Union and North Korea. He participated in numerous collective exhibitions especially with the Taller de Gráfica Popular early in his career as well as biennials sponsored by the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes and the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana. In 2005, a collection consisting of eleven of his paintings was exhibited at the Museo Mural Diego Rivera of the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes, in Mexico City. While he was better known for his graphic work, he also did a number of murals. In 1947 he assisted Frida Kahlo with a mural at the Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez House in Coyoacán.Other projects include a fresco the Hotel Posada del Sol in Mexico City (1948), a fresco depicting Zapata at the Escuela Rural de Temixco, Morelos (1950), a series of seven murals at the Sociedad Cooperativa Ejidal, with Rina Lazo and Atilio Carrasco (1952), a fresco called Pobledores de las Siete Regiones de Oaxaca at the Museo Nacional de Antropología (1964), A series of sixteen print murals to decorate the Venustiano Carranza House Museum in Cuatro Ciénegas, Coahuila (1969), A  series of nine panels for the Casa de Obrero Mundial in Mexico City (1971), Oaxaca en la historia y en el mito at the state government building in the city of Oaxaca (1980), and a mural at the cultural center of Azcapotzalco, Mexico City. Most of his career was spent teaching and giving lectures, seminars and conferences. He taught engraving at the Escuela de Bellas Artes in Guatemala City and founded the Taller de


texts:
 Grabado at the Casa del Lago in Chapultepec. He taught fine arts at the Escuela de Bellas Artes of the Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Escuela de Iniciación Artística Núm. 3 in Mexico City and drawing and painting workshops at the Casa del Lago in Chapultepec. He conducted conferences on the history of engraving and lithography in Mexico at the state universities of Oaxaca and Sinaloa, the Galería Municipal de Veracruz and in various venues in Mexico City. Abroad he conducted conference on Mexican muralism and engraving in Germany, Italy and Guatemala.Recognitions include first prize at a UNAM event honoring the Niños Heroes (1947), second prize at a poster contest honoring Chopin (1949), Peace Movement Gold Medal in Guatemala (1953), first prize at an event sponsored by Grupo Saker-Ti in Guatemala (1954), first prize and gold medal at the V Festival de la Juventud in Poland (1955), first prize at the Salón Annual de Grabado at the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana (1957), silver medal at an engraving event in Moscow (1957), first prize from the Consejo Nacional de Turismo, Mexico City (1962). He became a member of the Academia de Artes in 1973, the World Peace Council in 1974 and the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana in 1974. Artistry
<mask> considered hieself to be an "heir to the figurative strand of Mexican art." He recalled the impact that seeing Diego Rivera and José Clemente Orozco at work made on him in Mexico City, prompting him to have "visual shocks" and dream that he too was painting murals. References

External links
 Listings for over 125 works produced by <mask> <mask> during his time at the Taller de Gráfica Popular can be viewed at Gráfica Mexciana. 1926 births
2017 deaths
20th-century Mexican painters
20th-century male artists
Mexican male painters
21st-century Mexican painters
21st-century male artists
Mexican muralists
Artists from Mexico City
National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni
Escuela Nacional de Pintura, Escultura y Grabado "La Esmeralda" alumni
Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca

masks:
García Bustos
Arturo García
Bustos


texts: P. K<mask> (born 1 June 1951 as <mask>) is an Indian politician and social worker who is a former Member of Parliament from Malappuram Parliament Constituency of the Indian state of Kerala. He also serves as National General Secretary of Indian Union Muslim League (IUML) from 2007. He was a member of Standing Committee on Railways, Government of India. <mask> was born at Oorakam in Malabar district, Madras State in 1951. He entered politics through Muslim Students Federation - MSF (the MSF), the student wing of Indian Union Muslim League. He served as College Union Secretary at Farook College Students Union, Kozhikode. He subsequently served as Chairman of Malappuram Municipality at the age of 29 in 1980.<mask> was elected to the Kerala state Legislative Assembly for the first time from the Malappuram Constituency in 1982. He went on becoming Member of Legislative Assembly of Kerala for seven times between 1982 and 2016. He also served as Minister for Industries in several Kerala Legislative Assemblies (under Congress leaders K<mask>, A. K. Antony and Oommen Chandy). <mask> served as General Secretary of Indian Union Muslim League of Kerala State from 2003 - 2006 and from 2007 to 2011. <mask> is popularly known as "<mask>ppa" among his supporters. He is known for his deep 'bonding' to United Democratic Front, the decades-old Congress-lead pre-poll alliance in Kerala. As per Malayala Manorama daily, "the persuasive charm" of <mask> is widely respected by his political peers and rivals.He is also known for his 'vast experience in crafting strategic moves' , and having 'weathered many a storm in his political career' . The Outlook magazine once described <mask> as "Indian Union Muslim League's

masks:
. Kunhalikutty
Pandikkadavath Kunhalikutty
Kunhalikutty
Kunhalikutty
. Karunakaran
Kunhalikutty
Kunhalikutty
Kunja
Kunhalikutty
Kunhalikutty


texts:
 backbone in Kerala politics." He is widely regarded as the troubleshooter within United Democratic Front (Kerala). Background and career
P. K<mask> was born on 1 June 1951  at Oorakam, Melmuri in present-day Malappuram District as the son of <mask>h Mohamed Haji and  K. P. Fathima <mask>. He completed his secondary education from G. V. H. S. S Vengara. He has an under-graduate degree in Commerce from Sir Syed College, Thaliparamba. He was also educated at Farook College, Kozhikode.He is also a Post-Graduate Diploma holder in Business Management. Personal life
<mask> is married to K. M. Ummul <mask> and the couple have two children named P.K. Hashique married to Tania Hashique and Lasitha <mask> married to <mask> Abu Zulfeiq. He spends his spare time in vegetable cultivation at a plot near his residence and in ornamental fish farming. The chairman of Koyenco group, P.P<mask> is brother in law of P.K<mask>.Political career
<mask> is also the National General Secretary of Indian Union Muslim League (IUML) from 2007. He was National Treasurer, Indian Union Muslim League. He is also serving presently as Director, Chandrika daily and Director, Muhammed Koya International Foundation. From May 2016 to April 2017, he served as Deputy Leader of Opposition, Kerala Legislative Assembly. From May 2017 to January 2018, he was a member in Committee on Government Assurances, Government of India. 1980 Malappuram Municipality chairman
<mask> entered politics through Muslim Students Federation (the MSF), the student wing of Indian Union Muslim League. He later became State Treasurer, Muslim Students Federation - MSF.He also served as Secretary, Farook College Students Union. He subsequently served as

masks:
. Kunhalikutty
Pandikkadavat
Kutty
Kunhalikutty
Kulza
P K
Kudal
. Koya
. Kunhalikutty
Kunhalikutty
Kunhalikutty


texts:
 Chairman, Malappuram Municipality - at the age of 29 - in 1980. The Indian Express later wrote, "he became the blue-eyed boy of the [respected] Panakkad Thangal family after displaying political acumen and charisma upon being elected Malappuram Municipality chairman in 1980". Rise of <mask> in Indian Union Muslim League after the 1980 victory was later described media as "meteoric". Appointment in K. <mask>ran Ministry
<mask> served as Minister for Industries and Social Welfare from 1991 to 1995 in the K. <mask>ran Ministry (1991-95). The appointment in K. <mask>ran Ministry is often called as "the real break" in <mask>'s political career. As per observers, the selection was an indication of senior leader K<mask>'s regard for the young League politician.Tenure in Kerala Legislative Assembly
<mask> has been elected to Kerala Legislative Assembly seven times, in 1982 and 1987, contesting from Malappuram Constituency, and in 1991, 1996 and 2001, from Kuttippuram Constituency and in 2011 and 2016 from Vengara Constituency. In the 2006 Left Democratic Front wave in Kerala, <mask> was defeated by K.T. Jaleel in Kuttippuram Constituency. Career as Minister for Industries

<mask> Chandy.<mask> served as General Secretary, Kerala State, Indian Union Muslim League from 2003 - 2006 and 2007 to 2011. Member of Parliament
<mask> got elected as Member of Parliament from Malappuram (Lok Sabha constituency) in 2017 in a bye-election. The election was a result of the death of former Union Minister and senior IUML leader E. Ahamed.<mask> won from all the seven Assembly constituencies of the Parliament Constituency. He was reelected to Malappuram during the 2019 General Elections. In February 2021, he

masks:
Kunhalikutty
Kaaka
Kunhalikutty
Kaaka
Kaaka
Kunhalikutty
. Karunakaran
Kunhalikutty
Kunhalikutty
Kunhalikuttymen
Kunhalikutty
Kunhalikutty
Kunhalikutty


texts:
 resigned from the Lok Sabha to contest the 2021 Kerala Legislative Assembly election. Currently he is the MLA of Vengara state constituency of Kerala. Minister in different Kerala ministries

Controversies
P. K<mask> experienced electoral defeat only in 2006 Kerala state assembly elections due to his involvement in the 1997 Ice cream parlour sex scandal. A closure report in the case was filed in the trial court later by the Special Investigation Team. There were severe allegation levelled in relation with this case including death of two girls in Kozhikode.The Supreme Court of India had in 2016 dismissed a petition from the opposition communists seeking a federal probe into the case. There were allegations in relations with 2020 Kerala gold smuggling case that one of the key accused, K.T. Ramees that he is a relative of P.K<mask>. He skipped Lok Sabha session and was attending a marriage in Dubai when parliamentary proceedings over Triple Talaq abolition bill was taking place. In 2011, there was plea before Vigilance and Anti Corruption Bureau Court, Thrissur made by Andul Aziz from National Secular Conference to undertake a probe into wealth amassed by P.K<mask> and his relatives.The plea had mention about investments made into Seashore Rolling Engineering Company owned by son of P.K<mask>. The plea was dismissed by the VACB court due to inadequate evidences to support the claim. See also

 Indian Union Muslim League

References

Living people
Malayali politicians
People from Malappuram district
1951 births
Indian Union Muslim League politicians
Kerala MLAs 1982–1987
Kerala MLAs 1987–1991
Kerala MLAs 1996–2001
Kerala MLAs 2016–2021
16th Lok Sabha members
Lok Sabha members from Kerala
17th

masks:
. Kunhalikutty
. Kunhalikutty
. Kunhalikutty
. Kunhalikutty


texts:
<mask>Grizzly<mask> (also known as <mask> and <mask>) (October 22, 1812 – October 25, 1860) was a famous California mountain man and trainer of grizzly bears and other wild animals he captured for menageries, zoological gardens and circuses. Early years
<mask> was of English ancestry. Born and raised in Medway, Massachusetts, a suburb of Boston, he received little to no education. <mask> began as an apprentice in the footwear manufacturing industry at age fourteen. At age twenty-one, he left that occupation, seeking to satisfy his true love - the outdoors and nature. He signed on with a company of showmen as a zoological collector. <mask> hunted and captured live wild animals in the wildest parts of Maine, Vermont and New Hampshire, where he honed his woodsman, survival, and marksmanship skills.However, <mask> told Hittell, his hunting and trapping career ended abruptly when he received severe back and spine injuries from a Bengal tiger he was attempting to train for his employers. Not wanting to become a burden on his family, after a year of recuperating he returned to his cobbler's bench in Boston, Massachusetts. In 1836, <mask> married Cylena Drury and they had three children: Arabella, Arathusa, and Seymour. California and Western States, 1849–1860
In 1849 with the California Gold Rush in progress, <mask> invested his life savings of over $6,000 to buy a large supply of footwear, and had it shipped to St. Louis, Missouri. He intended to sell his goods at great profit to the thousands of forty-niners passing through St. Louis. Through no fault of

masks:
John Boyden "
" Adams
James Capen Adams
Grizzly Adams
Grizly Adams
Adams
John
Adams
John
John


texts: his own, he lost the entire investment in the St. Louis wharf fire. Shortly thereafter, <mask>'s father committed suicide; - it is possible that he had invested heavily in <mask>'s scheme.At this point, <mask> felt he had nothing to lose. He had a touch of gold fever and a yearning for adventure. He knew even if he failed to recoup his lost investment in the mines, he could at least support himself by hunting and trapping in the untapped wilds of California. He left his family and relatives behind in Massachusetts and joined the 49ers on their way to California. On his journey via the Santa Fe and Gila trails, he twice survived near fatal illnesses and arrived at the gold fields of California late in 1849. <mask> tried his luck at mining, hunting game to sell to the miners, trading, and finally, ranching and farming. At times he was rich and then, just as quickly, broke.Late in 1852, having lost his ranch outside of Stockton, California, to creditors, he took the few items he could salvage and headed into the Sierra Nevada mountains to get away from it all. With the help of the local Miwok Indians, <mask> built a cabin and stable and spent the winter alone in the Sierra. <mask> was an expert hunter and his New England training in shoemaking and leather craft gave him the necessary skills to fashion buckskin clothing and moccasins (the clothing he adopted as normal attire for the remainder of his life). He also made his own harness, pack saddles, snowshoes and other items he needed. <mask> traveled great distances from his California base camp on

masks: John John John Adams Adams John Adams


texts: foot, on horse or mule, or in an ox-drawn wagon. In 1853, he made a hunting and trapping expedition some 1,200 miles (1930 km) from his base camp in California to eastern Washington Territory (what is now western Montana). While there, he caught a yearling female grizzly that he named Lady Washington.Even though she was already a year old and very wild, he managed to tame her and taught her to follow him without restraint. Later, he trained her to carry a pack and then to pull a loaded sled. She even cuddled up near <mask> to keep him warm in freezing conditions. Eventually, Lady Washington allowed <mask> to ride on her back. In 1854, <mask> retrieved a pair of two-week-old male grizzly cubs from the den of their mother near Yosemite Valley. He named one of them Benjamin Franklin. Ben saved <mask>'s life a year later in 1855, when a mother grizzly attacked <mask>.<mask> and Ben both bore the scars of that attack the rest of their lives. The head injury <mask> received in the attack led to his demise five years later. In the summer of 1854, <mask> traveled to the Rocky Mountains to hunt and collect more live animals. He and his hunting companions sold meat, hides and some live animals to the emigrants along the Emigrant Trails near where the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail split away from each other (southwestern Wyoming). They also sold and traded at Fort Bridger, Wyoming and Fort Supply. During this expedition, Lady Washington had an amorous encounter with a Rocky Mountain grizzly. The mating resulted in a male cub that was born the next year

masks: John John Adams John Adams John John John


texts: when she was with <mask> in Corral Hollow on the eastern side of the California coastal mountains.<mask> christened her cub General Fremont, in honor of <mask>. Fremont. In the winter of 1854, Grizzly <mask> captured a huge California grizzly in the largest cage trap <mask> had ever constructed. <mask> named him Samson. When the bear was later weighed on a hay scale, it tipped the beam at 1,500 pounds (one of the largest grizzly bears ever captured alive). During 1855, <mask> and his companions hunted and trapped game in the California Coast Range mountains, journeyed to the Kern River mines, then proceeded southward to the Tehachapi Mountains and Tejon Pass. Returning from the Tejon Pass area, <mask>  followed the Old Spanish Route via San Miguel and San Jose. Due to interest of the curious people the group met, <mask> set up impromptu shows of his bears and other animals he had collected on his summer excursion.These shows, a precursor to his circus career, were conducted in San Miguel, Santa Clara, San Jose, the redwoods and finally San Francisco. In 1856, <mask> retrieved all of his animals from Howard's Ranch near Stockton, California, where he had left them to be cared for while he was absent. He then opened the Mountaineer Museum in a basement on Clay Street in San Francisco. Due to notices T. H. Hittell printed in the San Francisco daily Evening Bulletin, <mask>' show drew many more patrons. Soon thereafter, <mask> was able to move his menagerie and museum, now called the Pacific Museum, to a better location. The new building could

masks:
Adams
Adams
John C
Adams
Adams
John
Adams
Adams
John
John
Adams
Adams


texts: accommodate larger audiences and house more animals and displays. By 1858, he was referred to as the "Barnum of the Pacific", in a San Francisco newspaper.In January, 1858, tragedy struck when noble Ben, <mask>'s favorite grizzly, died of an illness for which no remedy could be found. <mask> was devastated at the loss, but continued to show his animals daily. He also continually added more animals and other attractions to his museum. In 1859, due to such overextensions, he lost his museum building to creditors. However, he was able to save most of his menagerie, which he relocated temporarily to another building. Grizzly <mask>' health was deteriorating and he knew his life would soon end. Since he had been away from his wife in Massachusetts for over ten years, he wanted to earn enough before he died to leave her a comfortable sum.He made arrangements to relocate his menagerie and collections to New York, in hopes of joining P. T. Barnum as a part of his show. On January 7, 1860, <mask> and his menagerie departed from San Francisco on the clipper ship Golden Fleece on their way to New York City via Cape Horn, a -month voyage. In New York City, Grizzly <mask>, still representing himself as James Capen <mask>, joined with Barnum to perform his California Menagerie in a canvas tent for six weeks. His health continued to decline and after a doctor told him he had better settle his affairs, <mask> decided he would sell his menagerie to Barnum. However, disregarding his doctor's prognosis, he managed to persuade Barnum to agree to let him perform his

masks: John Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams


texts:
 animals for another ten weeks for a $500 bonus. <mask>' willpower held out for the full contract, though at the end he could hardly walk onto the stage. From the proceeds of the sale of the menagerie and the bonus, he had accomplished his goal of providing a comfortable sum for his wife.Death
<mask> suffered head and neck trauma during a grizzly attack in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California in 1855. His scalp was dislodged, and he was left with a silver dollar-sized impression in his skull, just above his forehead. <mask> had made pets of several grizzlies, and often wrestled with them while training them and in exhibitions. During one such bout, his most delinquent grizzly, General Fremont (named for <mask>. Fremont), struck <mask> in the head and reopened the wound. It was subsequently reinjured several times, eventually leaving <mask>' brain tissue exposed. The damage was further exacerbated while <mask> was on tour with a circus in New England during the summer of 1860, when a monkey he was attempting to train purportedly bit into the wound. After more than four months performing with his California Menagerie, complications from the injury led to <mask>' inability to continue with the show.After completing his contract with P. T. Barnum, he retired to Neponset, Massachusetts, where he died of illness (possibly meningitis) just five days after arriving at the home of his wife and daughter (October 25). Upon hearing of <mask>' death, Barnum was deeply grieved. <mask> was interred at the Bay Path Cemetery in Charlton, Massachusetts. It is

masks:
Adams
Adams
Adams
John C
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams


texts:
 believed P.T. Barnum commissioned the creation of his tombstone. Also buried there nearby are his mother, father, a sister, his wife, his son and one of his two daughters. Association with Theodore H. Hittell and Charles C. Nahl
During Grizzly <mask>' exhibition of his grizzly bears and other trained animals in San Francisco, he was working with Hittell from July, 1857 until December 1859.Hittell listened to <mask> narrate his adventures almost daily for an hour or so and took careful notes, cross-questioning <mask> to assure he had it straight. <mask> knew, and was apparently flattered by the fact Mr. Hittell intended to write a book based upon <mask>' talks. Also, during this time, the artist Charles C. Nahl took an interest in <mask>' grizzlies and, working with Hittell, prepared illustrations (one of which is at the head of this article) that would be used in Hittell's forthcoming book. One of his paintings eventually became the model for the grizzly bear on California's State Flag. In 1860, after <mask> had relocated to New York, Theodore H. Hittell published his book, The Adventures of James Capen <mask>, Mountaineer and Grizzly Bear Hunter of California, in San Francisco, and then later that year, in Boston. Association with circus people
In 1833, <mask> hired on as a wild animal collector with a group of showmen. Several menageries were active in the New England area at this time, probably the largest was the June, Titus Company's National Menagerie also known as, Grand National Menagerie.Boston, Massachusetts was the venue for many such

masks:
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
John Adams


texts: menageries while <mask> was living there, so he had the opportunity to meet and interact with the proprietors and performers. There were also circuses and menageries on the Pacific Coast when <mask> reached California, one of which was the Joseph A. Rowe Olympic Circus that performed in San Francisco and Sacramento, California, at the time he arrived. On two occasions, <mask> told Hittell he had contact with an acquaintance from New England. This person most likely was in some way connected to the circus/menagerie business. <mask> told Hittell that the man was his brother, "William", although <mask> didn't have a brother by that name. According to Earle Williams, the property that <mask> ranched near Stockton, California, in 1852 was the same land that was later acquired by Henry C. Lee and <mask> R. Marshall, proprietors of the Lee and Marshall Circus. Lee hired a man by the name of David Howard to run the ranch which was about eight miles (13 km) southeast of Stockton, on Mariposa road.Grizzly <mask> often left his stock and captured animals at "Howard's Ranch" to be cared for by Howard and Lee's circus people. Lee's circus used the ranch to keep their circus stock, wagons and other items in the circus' winter off-season. According to Williams when Grizzly <mask> established his Mountaineer Museum in San Francisco, in 1856, the menagerie was a part of Lee's Circus, as a side show. <mask> and a couple of his bears appeared with Rowe's Pioneer Circus in November. In 1857, <mask> had a partner named Sheppard. In 1859, T. W. Tanner was a partner with

masks: Adams John Adams Adams Adams Adams John Adams Adams Adams Adams


texts:
 <mask> (this may have been the man who owned a half-interest in Adams' Pacific Museum, prior to <mask> leaving for New York in January, 1860). When <mask> arrived in New York City in April 1860, he discovered while talking with P.T.Barnum, that Barnum had bought the one-half interest of <mask>' California Menagerie, (possibly from Tanner). On April 30, 1860, <mask> and Barnum opened the California Menagerie in a canvas tent on the corner of Broadway and Fourth Street in New York City The show ran for six weeks. <mask> health was failing, and he sold the remaining interest in the menagerie to Barnum. <mask> then went on a summer tour of Massachusetts, Connecticut and New Hampshire as part of Nixon & Company's Circus. He continued to perform with his bears and other trained animals until late October, 1860. Ties to the <mask> family of New England
<mask> was a member of the <mask> family of New England that included many important men and women who contributed to the founding and early history of the United States. His great-great-great-great-grandfather, <mask> (1583–1646), emigrated with his family from England to Boston, Massachusetts, in 1632, and thus established the famous <mask> family in America.Henry's descendants include the patriot, <mask> and two presidents, <mask> and President <mask>' son, <mask> <mask>. Grizzly was born in a suburb of Boston, Massachusetts, and was surrounded by relatives and cousins. During Grizzly <mask>' childhood, President <mask> lived within a short buggy ride of him in Quincy, Massachusetts. <mask> was the third

masks:
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
John Adams
Adams
Henry Adams
Adams
Samuel Adams
John Adams
Adams
John Quincy
Adams
Adams
John Adams
John Adams


texts:
 child and first son born to Eleazer <mask> (1776–1849) and Sybil (Capen) <mask> (1785–1844). He had seven siblings, Susan B., Almy, Charles, James Capen, Zilpha, Francis and Albert. <mask> married Cylena Drury in 1836. They had three children: Arabella, Arathusa Elizabeth, and Seymour.His son, Seymour, never married, so there were no male descendants of Grizzly <mask> bearing the <mask> surname. <mask>'s younger brother, James Capen <mask>, (the alias used by "Grizzly" <mask>), married and fathered seven children. Curiously, when Grizzly <mask> toured in Connecticut with the circus during the summer of 1860, his brother (the real) James Capen <mask> and his family were living in Norfolk, Connecticut, at the time. Legacy
In his few years of hunting, <mask> "Grizzly" <mask> accomplished astonishing feats. Richard Dillon considers him to be "the greatest California mountain man of them all", and McCracken labels him the "Fabulous Mr. 'Grizzly' <mask>." Modern hunters with high-powered precision weapons rarely get up close and personal with their game the way <mask> did. He never hesitated to resort to hand-to-paw or knife-to-claw combat when necessary, and he captured more grizzlies alive in those few years than any other man has.In addition, he captured a wide variety of other wild animals, totaling in the hundreds, for menageries and zoos. Although Grizzly <mask> did kill a number of bears, including grizzlies, he did so for food or their furs and hides. He was not a conservationist as the term is used in modern times. He did, however, genuinely love

masks: Adams Adams John Adams Adams John Adams Adams Adams Adams John Adams Adams Adams Adams


texts:
 the outdoors, wildlife and unspoiled nature; he hated waste. The Western Hall of Fame celebrated <mask>' achievements in 1911 with the "Heroes of California" honor. Zoological Gardens
His Mountaineer Menagerie was the largest collection of live and mounted animal specimens on the West Coast. This collection became the Pacific Museum in San Francisco, where he and his animals entertained and educated people from far and wide.He was referred to as "the Barnum of the Pacific" in an article published in a San Francisco newspaper. His exhibitions also inspired others to campaign for the establishment of zoos, partially resultant of which were the establishment of Woodward's Gardens and, later, the famous Fleishhacker Zoo in San Francisco. On the East Coast, the Zoological Gardens in New York's Central Park was established in 1860 and in 1899 the Bronx Zoo was opened. Flag of California
Charles C. Nahl, using <mask>' grizzlies as models, made drawings, etchings and paintings of grizzly bears in various scenes. His sketches (including the one at the top of this article) were used to illustrate Hittel's book about <mask>. Nahl's 1855 painting of a California grizzly portrayed <mask>' bear Samson, which the mountain man had brought to San Jose and San Francisco to display that year; this image ended up being the source for the California Bear Flag, for which the official design specifications were put into law in 1953. The legislation also established the grizzly as California's state land animal.Observations of grizzlies
Although not educated as a

masks: Adams Adams Adams Adams


texts:
 naturalist in a college or university, <mask> learned the habits and facts of grizzly life first-hand through his observations while hunting and trapping them. Because of this, he came to know more about the California grizzly bear than anyone else. The information that <mask> narrated to Hittell was published in the book The Adventures of James Capen <mask>. His lore has been indispensable to naturalists including Storer and Wright, as well as to historians. Media presentations
<mask> was a famed United States outdoorsman, animal collector/trainer and an owner/performer in his own menagerie and later a partner of P. T. Barnum's shows. A biography was published about <mask> the year he died. He was the central character in Charles E. Sellier's 1972 novel The Life and Times of Grizzly <mask>.As a character in film and television, <mask> has been played by:
 <mask> in The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean (1972)
 Dan Haggerty in The Life and Times of Grizzly Adams (1974, 1977–1978, 1982)
 Gene Edwards in The Legend of Grizzly Adams (1990)
 Tom Tayback in Grizzly Adams and the Legend of Dark Mountain (1999)
 Jeff Watson in P.T. Barnum (1999)

Note

Citations

References
 <mask>, Andrew, N. A Genealogical History of <mask>, of Braintree, Mass., and his Descendants: also <mask> of Cambridge, Mass., 1632-1897. : Rutland, VT : Tuttle Co., 1898. Andronik, Catherine M.  Prince of Humbugs, A Life of P. T. Barnum, New York : Maxwell Macmillan International, 1994. Barnum, Phineas Taylor, Struggles and Triumphs; or The Life of P. T. Barnum, Written by Himself,

masks:
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
John Huston
Adams
Henry Adams
John Adams


texts:
 Vol. II, New York : Alfred A. Knopf, 1927
 Bearflagmuseum.org, retrieved May 2011. Brewer, William H., Up and Down California in 1860-1864, Berkeley : Univ. of Calif. Press, Ltd., 1966.Chapin, Ray, The Grizzly Bear in The Land of The Ohlone Indians, Cupertino, California : California History Center of DeAnza College, 1971. Circushistory.org, retrieved June 21, 2011. Circusinamerica.org, retrieved June 21, 2011. Daily Alta Newspaper, Advertisement in, San Francisco : Vol. 9, Number 6, January 7, 1857. Dillon, Richard The Legend of Grizzly <mask>: California's Greatest Mountain Man, New York : Coward-McCann, 1966. E-adventure.net, retrieved June 21, 2011.Evening Bulletin, Newspaper, San Francisco. Hayden, Rev. Charles Albert, Edited and revised by Tuttle, Jessie Hale The Capen Family, Descendants of Bernard Capen of Dorchester, Mass. : Minneapolis : Augsburg Publ. Co., 1929. Haynes, Bessie D and Edgar, eds., The Grizzly Bear, Portraits from Life, :Norman, Oklahoma : Univ. of Oklahoma Press, 1966.Hittell, Theodore H. The Adventures of James Capen <mask>, Mountaineer and Grizzly Bear Hunter, of California, San Francisco : Towne & Bacon, 1860. Hittell, Theodore H. The Adventures of James Capen <mask>, Mountaineer and Grizzly Bear Hunter, of California New Edition, New York : Charles Scribner and Sons, 1911. Hutching's California Magazine,  No. 52, Vol. V, No. 4, San Francisco : Hutchings and Rosenfield, October 1860. Legendsofamerica.com, retrieved June 21, 2011.McClung, Robert M. The True Adventures of Grizzly <mask>, A Biography, New York : Wilson


texts:
 Morrow and Co., Inc., 1985. McCracken, Harold, The Beast that Walks Like Man : Lanham, Maryland : Roberts Rhinehart, 2003. McCullough, <mask> <mask>, New York : Simon and Schuster, 2001. Schaefer, Jack, Heroes Without Glory, Some Goodmen of the Old West, : Boston : Houghton Mifflin Co., 1965. Shenk, Dean, Yosemite Nature Notes, Yosemite National Park : Vol. 45, No.2, April 1976. Storer, Tracy I., and Tevis, Lloyd P, California Grizzly, Berkeley : University of California Books, 1996.The San Francisco Sunday Call, Newspaper, San Francisco, February 12, 1911. Wallace, Irving The Fabulous Showman; The Life and Times of P. T. Barnum, New York : Alfred A. Knopf, 1959. Williams, Earle E., Carrell of Corral Hollow, : Fremont, CA : Mines Roads Books, 2004. Wright, William H., The Grizzly Bear, the Narrative of a Hunter-Naturalist, : New York : Charles Scribner's Sons, 1909. 1812 births
1860 deaths
American entertainers
American hunters
American people of English descent
Bear attack victims
Burials in Massachusetts
California folklore
Deaths from meningitis
Neurological disease deaths in Massachusetts
Mountain men
People from Charlton, Massachusetts
People from Medway, Massachusetts
People of the California Gold

masks:
David John
Adams


texts:
<mask> (born 24 January 1991) is a retired Chinese professional badminton player. She is one of the most successful players of her time. She was a gold medalist at 2012 London Olympics in the women's singles event and was the silver medalists in the 2013 and 2014 World Championships. <mask> won fourteen Superseries titles, confirming her status as China's second most successful player after Wang Yihan. She reached a career high of no. 1 in the women's singles for 124 weeks. <mask> graduated with a BA from Huaqiao University.Career summary
<mask> started playing badminton when she was 7 years old. She began playing in local clubs in her hometown in Chongqing. She made her professional debut as a badminton player when she attended the Asia Junior championship which took place in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2008
In 2008, she won a gold medal at the Asian Junior championship, which took place in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2010
In 2010, <mask> won her first Grand Prix Gold title at the Macau Open, in the final she defeated Adrianti Firdasari from Indonesia with a score of 21–18, 21–15. <mask> won her first major tournament, the Asian Championships. In the final, she defeated her compatriot, <mask>n, 21–13, 18–21, 21–19.2012
In 2012, she repeated her success at the Asian Championships by defeating Wang Yihan with a score of 21–16, 16–21, 21–9. <mask> won the prestigious Super Series Premier event title at the All England Open for the first time by beating Wang Yihan in the final with a score of 21–13, 21–19. She then captured other international titles in India Open, China Open, and Hong Kong Open. She collected five Super Series titles, including the Super Series Final in Dubai which she

masks:
Li Xuerui
Li Xuerui
Li
Li Xuerui
Li Xuerui
Li
Liu Xi
Li


texts:
 won defeating Wang Shixian in the final. The 2012 season could be said to be the career peak for <mask>ui. She made her first appearance at the Olympic Games, and on August 5, she won the London Olympic gold medal, in the final she defeated compatriot Wang Yihan with a score of 21–15, 21–23, 21–17. 2013
In 2013, she won a silver medal in the World Championship when she was defeated by Thailand's Ratchanok Intanon in the final with a score of 22–20, 18–21, 14–21.In the same year, she won three Super Series titles in the Indonesia Open, China Open and the Super Series Final. 2014
In 2014, she reached the World Championships final, then she lost to the Spanish player Carolina Marín with a score of 21–17, 17–21, 18–21. <mask> managed to win four Super Series titles including successfully defending her title in Indonesia Open, the other titles were: Japan Open, Malaysia Open, and Denmark Open. 2015
In 2015, <mask> managed to defend her title at the Denmark Open. In the final she defeated P. V. Sindhu of India with a score of 21-19, 21-12. 2016 Summer Olympics: heartbreak and injury issues
At the 2016 Summer Olympics women's singles semi-finals, <mask> was defeated by world No. 1 Carolina Marín when she suffered injuries to her anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and lateral meniscus.This forced her to withdraw from the bronze medal match against Nozomi Okuhara. 2018: Return to professional badminton
<mask> made her return to professional badminton at the 2017 National Games of China, where she played women's doubles but lost at the group stage. The reason she had played doubles instead of singles was that she was not yet fully recovered. In 2018, she made her return to international

masks:
Li Xuer
Li
Li Xuerui
Li Xuerui
Li


texts:
 women's singles after a hiatus of 600 days at the 2018 Lingshui China Masters, which she won. 2019
In 2019, she played 25 times with 11 wins and 14 losses. She reached the quarter final at the All England Open, stopped by the 2017 World Champion from Japan Nozomi Okuhara with a score of 17–21, 14–21. After that, finished as the runner-up at the New Zealand Open, losing to South Korean youngster An Se-young with a score of 19–21, 15–21.She lost to Busanan Ongbamrungphan 21-18, 20-22, 6-21 at the Australian Open despite leading in the second game. Afterwards, her career witnessed a huge downfall. She competed in Indonesia, Thailand, Japan and China and lost in the first round in all the tournaments. She announced her retirement from the international circuit in the first round match against Sayaka Takahashi in Korea Open on 17 October after trailing in the 2nd game 15-21, 3-11. Achievements

Olympic Games
Women's singles

World Championships
Women's singles

Asian Games
Women's singles

Asian Championships
Women's singles

World University Championships
Women's singles

Women's doubles

Asian Junior Championships
Girls' singles

BWF World Tour
The BWF World Tour, announced on 19 March 2017 and implemented in 2018, is a series of elite badminton tournaments, sanctioned by Badminton World Federation (BWF). The BWF World Tour are divided into six levels, namely World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, Super 300 (part of the HSBC World Tour), and the BWF Tour Super 100. Women's singles

BWF Superseries
The BWF Superseries, launched on 14 December 2006 and implemented in 2007, is a series of elite badminton tournaments, sanctioned by Badminton World Federation


texts:
 (BWF).BWF Superseries has two levels: Superseries and Superseries Premier. A season of Superseries features twelve tournaments around the world, which introduced since 2011, with successful players invited to the Superseries Finals held at the year end. Women's singles

  BWF Superseries Finals tournament
  BWF Superseries Premier tournament
  BWF Superseries tournament

BWF Grand Prix
The BWF Grand Prix has two levels, the BWF Grand Prix and Grand Prix Gold. It is a series of badminton tournaments sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF) since 2007. Women's singles

  BWF Grand Prix Gold tournament
  BWF Grand Prix tournament

Performance timeline

Singles performance timeline

To avoid confusion and double counting, information in this table is updated only once a tournament or the player's participation in the tournament has concluded. This table is current through 2016 Indonesia Open. Record against selected opponents
Record against year-end Finals finalists, World Championships semi-finalists, and Olympic quarter-finalists.References

External links

 <mask> at BadmintonLink.com
  <mask> Rui at BadmintonCN.com

1991 births
Living people
Badminton players from Chongqing
Chinese female badminton players
Badminton players at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Badminton players at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic badminton players of China
Olympic gold medalists for China
Olympic medalists in badminton
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Badminton players at the 2014 Asian Games
Asian Games gold medalists for China
Asian Games silver medalists for China
Asian Games medalists in badminton
Medalists at the 2014 Asian Games
World No. 1 badminton players
BWF Best Female

masks:
Li Xuerui
Li Xue


texts:
<mask> (1 July 1731 – 17 December 1802), Danish neoclassical sculptor. He  became a court sculptor, introducing neoclassical ideals to Denmark in the form of palace decorations, garden sculptures and artifacts and, especially, memorial monuments. He was undoubtedly the best known Danish sculptor before Bertel Thorvaldsen. Life

Early training
He was born in Copenhagen to royal sculptor to the Danish Court, <mask> (1677–1757) and his wife Birgitte Lauridsdatter. The elder Wiedewelt recognised his son's talents early, and the boy trained under the Italian history painter Hieronimo Miani, one of the two leaders of the Drawing and Painting Academy (Tegne- og Malerakademiet) in Copenhagen along with Louis August le Clerc (1688–1771), as early as perhaps 1744. This Academy was the precursor to the still-extant Royal Danish Academy of Art (Det Kongelige Danske Kunstakademi) established ten years later. When Miani left Denmark in 1745 to return to Italy, the elder Wiedewelt took a stronger hand in training the boy, apprenticing him in his workshop.At the same time the young Wiedeweldt continued at the Academy, drawing under Johan Christof Petzoldt (1708-1762)  and he presumedly also trained under royal sculptor to the Danish Court, Didrick Gercken (169-1748). He began already to produce his own works early, and had produced in Spring 1750 two small busts cast in tin of King Frederik V and Queen Louise. He was paid a reasonable sum for this work, and it encouraged him to follow his dream to study outside of Denmark. Student travel to Paris
Several months later at nineteen years

masks:
Johannes Wiedewelt
Just Wiedewelt


texts:
 of age he ventured out on a student travel that took him over Hamburg to Rouen and finally to Paris in August 1750. There he met the Danish Legation secretary to the French Court in Paris Joachim Wasserschlebe
(1709-1787) who would become a patron of the young sculptor. With Wasserschlebe's help, Wiedewelt was taken into the studio of the renowned Baroque sculptor Guillaume Coustou the Younger, where from 1750-1754 he worked partially as a student and partially as an assistant. He later received a yearly royal allowance from King Frederik, which was doubled after two years.In Paris he also came to know Jean-Baptiste Pigalle. During 1752-1754, Wiedewelt made a sculpture of fellow-Dane, Magnus Gustav Arbien (1716–1760), medallionist who was at the time studying under a royal stipend from the Danish Court. Wiedewelt won a silver medallion from the French Academy of Art (Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture) in 1753. There was a sweeping artistic interest during those times for the study of ancient art. This rage originated in the discoveries of Herculaneum in 1738 and Pompeii in 1748, and was fanned by the directorship of the French Academy, Marquis de Marigny Abel-François Poisson(1727–1781),  brother of royal mistressMadame de Pompadour (1721–1764). Poisson introduced the technique of drawing from  antiquities, especially architecture, sculpture and landscapes, instead of from models. This technique was based on his experiences in Italy visiting the recently excavated archeological sites.Continued travel to Rome
Wiedewelt was the first to receive a travel stipend


texts: from the newly established Danish Academy of Art in 1754 and used the funds to travel to Italy. Although Coustou tried to convince Wiedewelt to stay in Paris longer, the young sculptor left for Rome in May 1754. His trip took him over Lyon, Marseille and Civitavecchia; he arrived in Rome on 7 June 1754. A letter of recommendation from Wasserschlebe introduced Wiedewelt to the Director of the French Academy in Rome (l´Academie de France á Rome),  Charles-Joseph Natoire (1700-1777). He lived and studied at the Academy, lodging at the Palazzo Mancini. Natoire put him in contact with others in residence there. Among these were German painter Anton Raphael Mengs, Italian Pompeo Batoni, and German archeologist and art theorist  Johann Joachim Winckelmann who arrived in Rome 1755.At the Academy he, along with other students, came under the influence of  Giovanni Battista Piranesi, who had lived in Rome since 1740 and who set a heightened focus on antiquities as artistic subject matter. Wiedewelt visited private collections such as the Farnese collection, as well as the publicly accessible ones such as the Capitoline Museums and the Vatican Museum. He and Johann Winckelmann studied ancient sculptures together, and Winckelmann advised the younger Wiedewelt, encouraging him to use these sculptures as a base for his drawings and to use his knowledge of ancient art as the basis for his artistic production. Wiedewelt made many drawings and sketches of these ancient sculptures during his Roman residence. The two were inseparable. Wiedewelt's friendship and admiration for Winckelmann


texts:
 left a deep impression on him, especially in regards his acquired knowledge and appreciation for Ancient Greek artifacts and art. During his time in Rome he also managed to take excursions to Naples, Pompeii, Herculaneum and Portici.Several of these trips were made in the company of Winckelmann in 1758. The two would remain close, maintaining a lively letter exchange, until Winckelmann was murdered in Trieste in 1768. Return to Denmark and an artistic career
Wiedewelt left Rome on 1 July 1758, when his financial support was running out, and after he had been ordered home to Denmark by the Academy. He traveled back in the company of friend, neoclassical painter Johan Edvard Mandelberg. They traveled over Caprarola, Siena, Florence, Pisa, Carrara, Lucca, Bologna, Padua, Venice, and Trieste where they studied the local art collections and churches, and on through the Tyrol and Germany. They arrived back to Copenhagen on 6 October 1758. Hardly six months after his return Wiedewelt was named member of the newly organised Art Academy, as well as being named royal sculptor to the Danish Court in 1759, inclusive gratis studio at Materialgaarden near Frederiksholm's Canal.He was known for his good taste in art and his knowledge of antiquities. He became quickly the judge of artistic good taste in Denmark. Commissions soon followed. As a first commission he was requested to sculpt a memorial monument to the long deceased king Christian VI of Denmark by his widowed wife, Sophie Magdalene. The marble monument was completed in 1768, but was not installed at Roskilde Cathedral until


texts: 1777. The neoclassical monument included a sarcophagus and two female figures, Sorgenand Berømmelsen. This was the first neoclassical sarcophagus in Denmark, and is considered to be neoclassicism's start in Denmark.In 1760 he began work on another comprehensive project, sculptural groups, individual sculptures and decorations for the gardens at the French-inspired baroque Fredensborg Palace. He produced a large series of drawings for the King giving his suggestions for the decoration of the gardens. He came to work closely with architect Nicolas-Henri Jardin, with whom he would travel together to London and Paris in the late 1760s. His outdoor sculptures here and at other gardens have come to comprise the greatest assembled collections of his works. In 1761 he became a professor at the Art Academy. He also took on a leading position with Fourniers Porcelain Factory 1761-1766. Wiedewelt wrote a small manifesto in 1762 entitledTanker om Smagen udi Kunsterne i Almindelighed.He contributed to the decoration of Frederiks Church, also known as the Marble Church  (Marmorkirken)  with no less than 64 figures and 30 reliefs. Due to the scale of the royal projects, the time constraints and the common practices of the time Wiedewelt often left the direct work of sculpting be carried out by his studio assistants from sketches, which he delivered. In 1765-1766 he delivered a plaster allegorical relief and twelve medallions of the Oldenborg kings to the sumptuous Knights Hall (Riddersalen) at Christiansborg Palace, plus additional decorative pieces. These were all lost in the fire


texts:
 of 1794. Some of the medallions are evidenced in engravings. He served as Treasurer of the Academy 1767-1772, and served as Director of the same 1772-1778, 1780-1789, and 1793-1795. He exhibited at the Salon for the first time in 1769, and subsequently in 1778 and 1794.In 1769 he completed the monument to Frederik V in Roskilde Cathedral which includes a large sarcophagus resting on footpieces and decorated by numerous sculptures, behind which is a column topped of an urn, a medallion with the king's portrait, and on each side of the sarcophagus, sitting approx. 9' high above the floor, are two crowned, grieving female figures representing Denmark and Norway. The memorial chapel was created as a collaboration between Wiedewelt and architect Caspar Frederik Harsdorff. Later career
In 1768-1769 Wiedewelt traveled to Paris and London in the company of architect Nicolas-Henri Jardin, then architect for Frederik's Church, now known as the Marble Church (Marmorkirken). His travel journals show that he visited famous gardens during the trip, and studied them carefully. Large commissions from the court slowed down drastically after this foreign tour, as Johann Friedrich Struensee's took over control of the country from the weak, young, schizophrenic, newly crowned King Christian VII and put his cost-cutting reforms into place between 1769-1771. These cutbacks also resulted in Jardin's losing his position with the Church after this same two-year travel.German-born Struensee was widely disliked, and between 1770-1772 Wiedewelt created a series of drawings satirizing Struensee


texts: and his associate Count Enevold Brandt. He also designed several coins for Christian VII in 1771. Starting in the early 1770s, the reaction to Struensee led to a wider distrust of foreigners in positions of power in Denmark. This included the foreign-born artists, especially French artists, in the King's service who lost power and influence in Denmark's official artistic and Academic circles. Friend Jardin resigned his professorship at the Academy on 26 March 1771. From this point on, although Wiedewelt remained court sculptor until his death, his commissions came primarily from private patrons, and were mostly grave monuments and sarcophaguses. He received many such commissions, and during a thirty-year period he produced over 36 such works.Among these are one for Ludvig Holberg in Sorø made in 1779, and another for the first wife of Adam Gottlob Moltke, statesman and high official at the Danish Court. The only large order he received from the court after that time was one for Høegh-Guldbergs National Historical Garden (Høegh-Guldbergs nationalhistoriske anlæg) named for Ove Høegh-Guldberg, theologian and historian. The commission consisted of fifty-four monuments to be set up on the expansive grounds of Crown Prince Frederik V's Jægerspris Castle in Jægerspris. They were sculpted between 1777-1789. Wiedewelt was inspired by Ove Malling's book Store og gode Handlinger af Danske, Norske og Holstenere  published in 1777. He decorated the park with monuments and memorial stones in honour of exceptional Danes, Norwegians, and Holsteiners, placing these pieces in the open


texts: parkland. He took advantage of his recent studies of foreign gardens, especially the English garden Stowe Park near Buckingham which he had visited, and created a new visual language.Additionally his studio produced reliefs in 1773 of Hercules and Omphale for the Hercules Pavilion in the King's Garden (Kongens Have), the gardens of Rosenborg Castle in Copenhagen. In 1782 he designed coin cabinets for the Royal Coin Museum (Det kongelige Møntkabinet) at the same castle. In 1783 he created  Bernstorff Column (Bernstorffstøtten),  a memorial for Foreign Minister Count Johan Hartvig Ernst Bernstorff in Lyngby, who had early-on instituted agricultural reforms (landboreformer) on his estate, prior to the land-wide reforms that followed on 20 July 1788. These land-wide reforms led to the monumental Frihedsstøtten  in Copenhagen. Work was started August 31, 1792 and it was erected in 1797. It is still on public display although in a new location. The monument was 20 meters high and consisted of an obelisk of red sandstone, a pedestal of grey marble and a base on three steps of red sandstone before the renovation of 1998-1999.Wiedewelt contributed to this piece with the statue Troskaben, which is one of four sculptures in this large piece, and with the relief Retfærdighedens Genius. The other artists who contributed to the monument were Nikolaj Abraham Abildgaard, who designed the overall monument, colleague Andreas Weidenhaupt and Nicolai Dajon. Between 1785-1801, Wiedewelt created fifteen monuments for the day's important people at Assistens Cemetery near Copenhagen's


texts:
 Northern Gate  (Nørreport). Of these eight can still be seen today in the park-like setting. Final Years
Wiedewelt was chosen eight times as Director of the Art Academy; the last time he held the position was 1793-1794. He worked hard to keep the Academy running well, facing often-shifting attitudes from the court and uncertain royal financial support. He was committed to the end, in spite of ill health in his advanced age.He also worked until the end, even though his own financial means worsened drastically, and he lived in abject poverty. During his many years of good economy he lived a festive life with no restrictions, and he was very generous. When times became rough, as it did not only for him but also for others who were accustomed to royal support, he suffered along with the royal house's financial problems. In spite of his meager economy he continued to support two elderly sisters, a servant man, as well as a poor cousin. He had never married. By the end Wiedewelt had pawned most of his belongings, when a final catastrophe proved to be too much for him; a shipload of marble blocks he had purchased with borrowed money went to the bottom of the sea near Læsø. This apparently proved to be more than he could handle, and shortly thereafter on 17 December 1802 he drowned in an apparent suicide in Sortedamsøen, a lake just outside that day's Copenhagen limits.He was buried on Christmas Eve at Assistens Cemetery in Copenhagen. His grave monument was made by friend and colleague Andreas Weidenhaupt (1738–1805). Works
He had a rich fantasy, and his compositions were


texts:
 easy and natural. His works were tasteful, and influenced by both his French Baroque training and his careful study of and appreciation for late Greek and Roman art. He was well-versed in the use of classical allegory and symbols, especially those having to do with death. He was also inspired by Nordic mythology and ancient, Viking and Icelandic sagas, and made many drawings based on these. Sculptures and reliefs attributed to him and his studio have been lost to time, and are sometimes only evidenced by sketches and engravings.His works are a part of the royal households and gardens. Those in the gardens are the largest collections of his works in one place. He viewed his garden decorations as creating an outdoors theatre presentation relating to the surrounding trees of various types, to figure groups of sculptures and to decorative columns and obelisks. He had a sense of the developing romantic garden. His memorial monuments are spread out in churches throughout Denmark, with the royal monuments at Roskilde Cathedral. Many of these monuments can be found at Assistens Cemetery in Copenhagen. His drawings are also highly esteemed.He illustrated a deluxe edition of Ludvig Holberg's "Peder Paars" in 1772, engravings for which were made by Johan Frederik Clemens, who collaborated with Wiedewelt on several projects. He also made illustrations for a book by Peder Topp Wandal on the Jægerspris Castle project in 1783. Clemens also engraved these illustrations,

Wiedewelt, along with architect Harsdorff, was one of the primary figures responsible for introducing


texts:
 Neoclassicism to Denmark. He was highly esteemed by his contemporaries and by those artists who followed. He is considered an important transitional figure leading to future generations of Danish artists. He had a large library of books covering many subjects, which often served as a source of inspiration. As professor at the Academy he introduced his Neoclassical theories to artistic students.Among his many students was Nikolaj Abraham Abildgaard, future Director of the Academy and instructor for Bertel Thorvaldsen. In memory of Wiedewelt
In 1803, Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger, poet and playwright, wrote a well-known elegy in his honour, calling him "Denmark's Phidias". Taus hun sukker
Bølgen mildt sig lukker
om den gamle Tindings sølvgråe Haar. Hun forsvinder. Dagen bleg oprinder;
Hist paa Frihedsstøtten Lærken slaaer. Troskab græder
I de hvide Marmorklæder
Kold og bleg, den ranke hulde Mø. Haand paa Brystet
Aldrig aldrig trøstet,
stirrer hun henpå den sorte Sø"

Silently she sighs
The mild waves close in
Round the old man's temples, his silver-grey hair.She disappears. The pale day runs out. Yonder on Freedom's Monument the lark sounds. Faithfulness cries
In its white marble clothes
Cold and pale, the proud gracious maiden
Hand on breast
Never, never comforted
She stares out onto the dark lake. References

Related literature
 Annette Rathje & Marjatta Nielsen (eds. ), <mask> - A Danish Artist in Search of the Past, Shaping the Future (Museum Tusculanum Press) 2010. Karl Wilhelm Tesdorpf, <mask>t: Dänemarks erster klassizistischer Bildhauer.Ein Anhänger von

masks:
Johannes Wiedewelt
Johannes Wiedewel


texts:
 Winckelmann'', (Hamburg: Johann Trautmann Verlag)  1933. Other sources
 KID Kunst Index Danmark ("Art Index Denmark")
 Danish Biographical Encyclopedia ("Dansk biografisk Leksikion")

1731 births
1802 deaths
Artists from Copenhagen
Neoclassical sculptors
Court sculptors
18th-century Danish sculptors
Sculptors who committed suicide
Directors of the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts
Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts alumni
1800s


texts:
<mask> (born 4 December 1994) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays for Premier League club Brighton & Hove Albion and the Belgium national team. <mask> is a Genk youth academy product. Club career

<mask> joined the K.R.C. Genk youth academy from the Bocholt academy in 2010. He was promoted to the senior squad in 2012, making his first, albeit brief, debut on 13 May 2012 in a league match against K.A.A. Gent. The game ended 3–1 in favor of Gent.<mask> was introduced in the 87th minute, replacing Stef Peeters. Those three minutes were the only ones he played in the league that season. For several seasons, he was consistently sent out on loan. As a result, he didn't score his first league goal for Genk until over four years later, coming in a 4–1 away loss to K.V. Kortrijk on 25 September 2016. He was brought on as a substitute for Leon Bailey and scored in the 63rd minute, assisted by Bryan Heynen. In January 2013, <mask> was sent out on loan to Lommel United.In twelve league appearances, he scored seven goals. His debut for Lommel came on 3 February 2013 in a 1–0 away loss to Sint-Truiden. He was introduced as a substitute in the 63rd minute, coming on for Thomas Jutten. Arguably, the greatest game during his loan spell was his hat-trick in a 3–2 home victory over K.F.C. Dessel Sport, in front of 2000 fans at the Soevereinstadion. He scored one in the 11th minute, another in the 60th (from the penalty spot), and the last in the 74th. He was subbed off in the 88th minute.In July 2013, <mask> was loaned out to K.V.C. Westerlo. In 17 league appearances, he scored three goals. The first of these goals came on 9 August 2013 in a 2–0 away win over his former club Lommel United. He scored in the 74th minute. He made his debut on 3 August 2013 in a 2–2 home draw with A.F.C. Tubize.This was

masks:
Leandro Trossard
Trossard
Genk Trossard
Trossard
Trossard
Trossard


texts:
 also his first start for the club. <mask> helped Westerlo to promotion to

In July 2014, <mask> was loaned out to Lommel United again. He continued his goal scoring form, finding the net 16 times in 33 league matches. He scored his second career hat-trick for Lommel on 22 March 2015 in a 6-0 demolition of Racing Mechelen. His goals came in the 33rd, 61st, and 69th minutes. That season, Lommel were only nine points off promotion back to the top flight. In July 2015, <mask> was loaned out again, this time to OH Leuven.In 30 league matches, he scored eight goals. He made his Leuven debut on 25 July 2015 in a 3–1 away loss to the club he had been loaned out from in Genk. Genk didn't enforce the rule of not allowing loanees to play against them, as he was brought off the bench in the 61st minute, replacing Yohan Croizet. His first league goal for Leuven came on 16 August 2015 in a 2–0 victory over Charleroi. He made an immediate impact off the bench. He was brought on for Yohan Croizet in the 82nd minute, and scored in the 85th. Brighton & Hove Albion
On 26 June 2019, Brighton agreed to sign <mask>, who joined on a four-year deal, becoming the club's second signing of the summer, following Matt Clarke’s arrival from Portsmouth.<mask> made his debut for The Seagulls on 17 August where he scored the equaliser in the 1–1 home draw against West Ham United. Earlier in the game he was denied a goal for offside by VAR. <mask> scored twice against Norwich in the 2019–20 season, one in the 2–0 home victory on 2 November 2019, and again in a crucial 1–0 away win on 4 July 2020 to help Brighton push further away from the bottom three. On 31 January 2021, <mask> scored the only goal in a 1–0 home win over Tottenham Hotspur to secure the Seagulls' first home league win of the 2020–21 season. <mask> played in

masks: Trossard Trossard Trossard Trossard Trossard Trossard Trossard Trossard


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 Brighton's 1–0 away victory over defending champions Liverpool on 3 February claiming their first league win at Anfield since 1982, where he deflected Steven Alzate's shot back onto Alzate being awarded the assist in the only goal of the game. On 14 March 2021, <mask> scored the winner in a 2–1 away win over Southampton, sealing Brighton's first win over the Saints in Premier League history. <mask> scored the first goal of Brighton's come back from 2–0 down to beat champions Manchester City 3–2 on 18 May, with fans returning to football.<mask> scored his first goal of the 2021–22 season on 11 September, firing in a 90th-minute winner scoring the only goal of the game in the 1–0 away win over Premier League newcomers Brentford. He conceded a penalty by barging into Conor Gallagher away at Crystal Place in the first M23 derby of the season on 27 September,  where Wilfried Zaha converted the spot kick to take Palace 1–0 up at the break. However, Neal Maupay scored a 90+5th-minute equaliser to take a point back to the south coast. <mask> scored Brighton's equaliser away at Liverpool on 30 October, completing a stirring fightback, coming from 2–0 down to earn a 2–2 draw. International career
<mask> has been called up to the Belgium national football team on multiple occasions. Roberto Martinez first named him in the Belgium squad in September 2018, again one month later when <mask> had to withdraw through injury, <mask> remained on the bench again in March 2019. He made his debut on 5 September 2020 in a Nations League game against Denmark, he substituted Dries Mertens in the 80th minute of the 2–0 away victory.On his first international start, <mask> scored his first goal for his country also adding a second in a 8–0 crushing of Belarus in a 2022 World Cup qualifier on 30 March 2021. <mask> was

masks: Trossard Trossard Trossard Trossard Trossard Trossard Trossard Trossard Trossard