texts: seedlings to the Kew Gardens.He was the organiser of the Society for Agriculture in Accra. He also became a trader, selling the crops harvested from his farm. In 1874, he advocated for the Methodist church to build schools tailored to providing higher education. This was because many primary school graduates in Cape Coast and Accra had no access to grammar or secondary education on the Gold Coast, as the Wesleyan mission had only established the elementary schools in the two cities. Mfantsipim, opened in 1876, was the result of this need for further education among the indigenes. On 1 September 1873, at the age of 62 and sixteen years after he resigned from the society, <mask> returned to the Methodist mission and worked there for thirteen years until his retirement in 1886. He was first assigned a familiar, terrain, Anomabu, where he administered the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper to 300 communicants.He visited Cape Coast and was joined by the native Methodist minister, Andrew W. Parker in conducting a special prayer-meeting for penitents. Among his duties were the supervision of outstations such as Kuntu near Anomabu and the construction of churches and the organisation of religious revival camp meetings. He preached to a large crowd in the sanctuary of the Methodist church at Saltpond, after which he administered the communion. He also baptised 212 people in Anomabo. He baptised some 300 natives in one day. He also preached to a crowded congregation in Accra, and administered the Communion. He held a Christian service at Elmina in a fully packed chapel, assisted by the newly arrived English


type: original

texts: minister, the Rev.George Dyer and the indigenous ministers, Laing and Parker. He further preached to fishermen in the open air at the Great Kormantine and officiated at a mass wedding for three couples. At Great Kormantine, he organised the first ever camp meeting held on the Gold Coast. Two thousand people were present at another revival at the Great Kormantine in September 1876. At Assafa, he married five couples and baptised 260 converts, including infants and family heads. Due to his large following, <mask> liaised with the trustees of the Cape Coast Wesley Church to expand its sanctuary. A chapel-at-ease was also built on the premises of the boys’ school, Mfantsipim.At Mankessim, he baptised many converts near the site of the grove of the sacred oracle. The Methodist Church in colonial Ghana had gained 3000 members in 1877, with <mask> personally baptising 1500 members. Overall, there were 4500 baptisms between January 1876 and December 1877. His ministry from 1873 to 1877 yielded four to five thousand non-relapsed believers. A camp-meeting, moonlight services under palm trees and a love feast were held in 1878. The visibility of the Methodist church increased in the Fante territories during this period. Some non-Christians were furious as many natives had converted to Christianity.They attempted to cause mayhem at church services but <mask> could withstand the pressure. A Muslim sect from Lagos tried to disrupt his work among the Fante people. To counter their attacks, <mask> established a school in the area. He inaugurated a new Methodist chapel at Mankessim. During this period, an

masks: Freeman Freeman Freeman Freeman


texts: Anglo-Ashanti war at Cape Coast was averted under the leadership of Sir Garnet Wolseley who drove away the advancing the Asante army. With the permission of the Wesleyan Mission Society <mask> aided Wolseley with his wealth of geographic knowledge about the River Prah and the paths between Kumasi and Cape Coast. Together with his son, <mask> <mask>., an ordained Methodist minister, he baptised many more native converts.He prevented apostasy by becoming adept at resolving differences among the various Methodist societies. In 1879, he took charge of the mission in Accra and surrounding areas bordered by Winneba, the Volta and the Akuapem hills. In 1881, he received 52 individuals into the Methodist church. By 1883, he had formed many evangelistic bands in Accra. Akyeampong, an Asante prince from Juaben, was converted to Christianity during this period. <mask> was in Lagos in 1884 to settle disputes that had arisen in the Wesleyan mission there. On 17 January 1885, during the Synod and the Golden Jubilee celebrations of Gold Coast Methodist Mission, he acted as the principal preacher.The Jubilee Service was held at Cape Coast on 1 February 1885, during which several donations were made to the Jubilee Fund. The Rev. W. Terry Coppin of the Methodist mission provided a written account that was published by the English media. The 1885 Synod had among its ranks fourteen native Methodist pastors as well as a small contingent of European ministers. At the Synod, the Juaben chief, Akyeampong and his brother, Frimpong addressed the gathering and appealed to have a minister stationed in the community of

masks:
Freeman
Thomas Birch
Freeman Jr
Freeman


texts:
 Juaben settlers, lodged behind the Accra hills. <mask> declined an offer from his fellow missionaries to pay for a trip to England citing the cold weather and old age, as he was no longer acclimatised to the temperate regions of the British Isles. 'Father' <mask>, as he was affectionately called in his old age, fully retired in 1886 to his small house close to Accra, together with four of the men he had tutored in the Christian ministry, John A. Solomon, Frederick France, John Plange and Edward T. Fynn.Illness, death and funeral
<mask> caught a cold after he went to listen to a sermon on the arrival of a new European missionary, Price. He was taken ill the following May and moved to the Methodist Mission House in Accra. He was infected with the influenza on 6 August 1890. In his final days, <mask> <mask> remained at the mission house, where he died in the early hours of 12 August 1890, aged 80. <mask>'s body was laid-in-state at the mission house the following day on 13 August, before his funeral service was held at the Wesleyan Church in Accra, attended by a large crowd. Among the officiating ministers were T. J. Price and S. B. Solomon of the Wesleyan Mission Society, the inconsolable native Methodist minister, John Plange together with the Anglican vicar, D. G. Williams and the historian and Basel Mission pastor, Carl Christian Reindorf.<mask>'s remains were buried at the Wesleyan cemetery in Accra. A memorial service was held simultaneously at Cape Coast. Memorials and legacy
<mask>'s ability to forge formidable relationships with both African royalty and British colonial officials alike,

masks:
Freeman
Freeman
Freeman
Thomas Birch
Freeman
Freeman
Freeman
Freeman


texts: made him an eminent diplomat and missionary. As the longest serving Methodist missionary survivor in West Africa, his imaginative zeal and enthusiasm for the Wesleyan ministry along the coastal plain, coupled with his savviness, skill in conciliation, innovation in ministry and resilience led to the propagation of the Gospel and the spread of Methodism in Benin, Ghana and Western Nigeria. There is a memorial in the sanctuary of the Wesleyan Methodist Church, installed shortly after his death. Several institutions in Ghana have been named after <mask> <mask>, including: Freeman Methodist Center, Kumasi – Guesthouse; Freeman-Aggrey House –Mfantsipim; Freeman House, Prempeh College; Freeman House, Wesley College Kumasi; Freeman Methodist School Ghana; Mim Freeman Methodist School, Mim, Brong Ahafo; Berekum Freeman Methodist Preparatory and Junior High School; Freeman Methodist Primary ‘A’ School, Kwesimintim; Prampram Freeman Methodist Basic School; Koforidua Freeman Methodist Junior High School; Freeman Methodist Church, Ofankor and Freeman Methodist Church, Kwesimintim, Western Region. To summarise his legacy and the timeline of his achievements in the Wesleyan movement in West Africa: <mask> <mask> dedicated the first chapel at Cape Coast on Sunday 10 June 1838.In 1839, he outlined the first educational curriculum for the training of teachers and local preachers and brought formal education from the castle schools to the native people. He nursed two young Fante Christians William De- Graft and John Martin, who played instrumental roles in the growth of the Wesleyan movement in Ghana. He

masks:
Thomas Birch
Freeman
Thomas Birch
Freeman


texts: recommended William De- Graft as the first native Methodist candidate into the ordained ministry in the year 1838. <mask> organised the first Missionary meeting on Monday 3 September 1838. It was chaired by the Governor George Maclean. An amount of £54 was raised to support the work of the Church. Another result of the meeting was the founding of the first Methodist Society in James Town, Accra.He was the first missionary to take the Gospel to Kumasi in the Ashanti Region, arriving on 1 April 1839. He supervised the celebration of the centenary of the Methodist Church on 23 October 1839. The Church in the Gold Coast raised an amount of £35 pounds, 11 s ½ d towards the new accommodation at Bishops, Gate, London for the missionary society. He opened churches at Anomabo and Winneba in 1839 and started a few more at Saltpond, Abasa and Komenda. He worked with three other missionaries Robert Brooking Mycock with his brother and sister-in-law, Josiah and Mrs. Mycock. Brooking was sent to Accra and the Mycocks were sent to Cape Coast. He and William de-Graft were invited by the missionary committee.They boarded the vessel Maclean on 27 March 1840 and landed on 10 June 1840. The sojourn in England shaped the development of Methodism in Ghana. A sum of £4650 pounds was raised and five missionaries were posted to work in Ghana. William de-Graft received acclaim upon his return to the Gold Coast. <mask> started societies outside the Gold Coast. <mask> with the de Graft family visited Badagry then in Dahomey but now in Nigeria. The first Christian service was conducted by William De- Graft.<mask> visited


texts:
 England for the second time and raised an amount of £5500 for missionary activities in Asante. He sponsored some carpenters and bricklayers from Cape Coast who visited some financially weaker societies and helped them complete the building of their chapels. Overall, <mask> <mask> "won the admiration of many Ghanaians by his infinite patience with the endless ceremonies, salutations and palavers" and promoted “an indigenous ministry, a shared ministry of equal participation by clergy and laity.”

See also
Agiya Tree Monument

References

1809 births
1890 deaths
British expatriates in Ghana
British expatriates in Nigeria
Christian missionaries in Africa
People of colonial Nigeria
British expatriates in Benin
English Methodist missionaries
Gold Coast (British colony) people
Methodist missionaries in Nigeria
Methodist missionaries in Benin
Methodist missionaries in Ghana
Missionary

masks:
Thomas Birch
Freeman


texts:
<mask> (22 September 1891 – 24 July 1960) was a German actor and singer. He was the biggest male movie star in Germany between 1930 and 1960 and one of the most popular German actors of the twentieth century. Early life

<mask> was born in Hamburg, the son of a butcher, and grew up in the district of St. Georg. He was seriously interested in acting by his late teens and took acting classes without the knowledge of his parents. In 1915 <mask> was drafted to serve in the German Army in World War I, but was wounded early on. After his release from the Hospital in Wiesbaden where he had been treated, he performed in the local Residenztheater in comedies, antics and operettas. After the war <mask> moved to Berlin, where he found work as a comedic actor in various Weimar-Era Berlin theatres.His breakthrough performance was that of a waiter in the play Verbrecher (Criminals). It was also in Berlin that <mask> began a long-term relationship with Jewish actress <mask> Burg (1898–1975). The relationship ended only when he died in 1960. After roles in over one hundred silent films, <mask> starred in the first German talkie Die Nacht gehört uns (The Night Belongs to Us) in 1929. Soon thereafter, <mask> played big-mouthed strong man Mazeppa alongside Marlene Dietrich in her star-making classic Der blaue Engel (The Blue Angel). <mask> himself shot to fame in 1930 with the movie The Copper and constantly enhanced his star status with similar daredevil roles in the 1930s. He was probably at his best when teamed-up with fellow German movie legend Heinz Rühmann, as in Bombs on Monte Carlo (1931) and Der Mann, der Sherlock Holmes war (1937).Many of

masks:
Hans Philipp August Albers
Hans Albers
Albers
Albers
Albers
Hansi
Albers
Albers
Albers


texts:
 <mask>' songs from his movies became huge hits and some even remain popular to this day. The 1930s and the Second World War
When the Nazis came to power in 1933, <mask> and his Jewish girlfriend <mask> Burg moved to Lake Starnberg in Bavaria. While <mask> himself never showed public support for the Nazi regime, he became the most popular actor under Nazi rule. The actor nevertheless, avoided an overly close association in public. As the ultimate sign of his popularity, the Nazis even silently accepted his relationship with <mask>i Burg for a long time. But <mask> finally gave in to the pressure. <mask> Burg went to Switzerland and then to Great Britain in 1939, but they secretly remained a couple with him even managing to send her financial support.They were reunited after the war, when she returned to Germany in a British uniform. In 1943, <mask> was paid a huge sum of money to star in UFA's big-budgeted anniversary picture Münchhausen but was careful not to give the impression that he was endorsing the National Socialist regime, which was indeed never asked of him. Also in 1943, <mask> starred in another classic German film Große Freiheit Nr. 7 with actress Ilse Werner. Some of the scenes are said to have been shot in Prague because of bomb damage to Hamburg. The sailing ship Padua for the outdoor scenes of the film has survived under Soviet and Russian flag until this day as Kruzenshtern. After the Second World War
After World War II, well-funded <mask> avoided the financial plight and professional banning many actors faced on account of his association with <mask> Burg.Nevertheless, German "heroes" were considered undesirable by

masks: Albers Albers Hansi Albers Hans Albers Hansi Albers Albers Albers Hansi


texts:
 the occupation government that wanted to promote their own. This accounted for a major break in his career and made him hard to cast. Eventually he found an opening with respectful wisdom-with-age type character parts with some public acclaim, but with these never again enjoyed the huge stardom of the 1930s and early 1940s. By the early 1950s, his age finally showed and his powerful presence and freshness was almost gone. This was promoted by his increasing alcoholism during the 1950s. Yet he remained active in movies until the very end. Death

<mask> collapsed during a theater performance with massive internal bleeding and died three months later on 24 July 1960 at a sanatorium in Kempfenhausen near Lake Starnberg at the age of 68.He was cremated and subsequently buried at the Ohlsdorf Cemetery in Hamburg, the city of his birth. Legacy

<mask>' name will forever be closely associated with his hometown of Hamburg, in particular the district of St. Pauli where there is a square named Hans-Albers-Platz in his honour. Today he is probably better known for his music than his films; many of his songs remain familiar to young German people even today. Outside of Northern Europe, <mask> remains virtually unknown; however the image of an older man in a seaman's cap and raincoat playing accordion and singing remains familiar internationally. As a case in point, McDonald's used such an image in an American television ad campaign in 1986. <mask> actually had no significant experience on the water, this being restricted to a one-day trip to Heligoland. Many of <mask>' songs were humorous tales of drunken, womanizing sailors on shore-leave, with

masks:
Hans Albers
Albers
Albers
Albers
Albers


texts:
 double entendres such as "It hurts the first time, but with time, you get used to it" in reference to a girl falling in love for the first time.<mask>' songs were often peppered with expressions in Low German, which is spoken in Northern Germany. One of his signature songs is Auf der Reeperbahn nachts um halb eins, ("On the Reeperbahn at Half Past Midnight") which has become one of the best-known songs about Hamburg and also an unofficial anthem of the St. Pauli district where the Reeperbahn itself is located. Hans-Albers-Platz, one block south of the Reeperbahn, features a statue of <mask>, created by the German artist Jörg Immendorff. Filmography

Silent films

Sound films

Songs (selection)
1931
 Das ist die Liebe der Matrosen (from picture Bomben auf Monte Carlo)
 Kind, du brauchst nicht weinen (from picture Der Draufgänger)
1932
 Flieger, grüß' mit mir die Sonne (from picture F. P. 1 antwortet nicht)
 Hoppla, jetzt komm' ich (from picture Der Sieger)
 Komm' auf die Schaukel, Luise (from stage play Liliom)
 Komm und spiel mit mir (from picture Quick)
1933
 "Mein Gorilla hat 'ne Villa im Zoo" (from picture Today Is the Day)
1936
"In meinem Herzen Schatz, da ist für viele Platz" (from picture Savoy-Hotel 217)
1937
"Jawohl, meine Herrn" [with Heinz Rühmann] (from picture Der Mann, der Sherlock Holmes war)
1939
"Good bye, Jonny" (from picture Wasser für Canitoga)
1944
"La Paloma" (from picture Große Freiheit Nr. 7)
"Auf der Reeperbahn nachts um halb eins" (from picture Große Freiheit Nr. 7)
1952
"Kleine weiße Möwe" (from picture Käpt'n Bay-Bay)
"Nimm mich mit, Kapitän, auf die Reise" (from picture Käpt'n Bay-Bay)
1954
"Auf der

masks: Albers Albers


texts:
 Reeperbahn nachts um halb eins" (from picture Auf der Reeperbahn nachts um halb eins)
"Komm auf die Schaukel, Luise" (from picture Auf der Reeperbahn nachts um halb eins)
1957
"Das Herz von St. Pauli" (from picture Das Herz von St. Pauli)
1959
"Mein Junge, halt die Füße still" (from picture Dreizehn alte Esel)

Bibliography
 Joachim Cadenbach: Hans Albers. Berlin: Universitas-Verlag, 1975,
 Eberhard Spieß: Hans Albers.Eine Filmographie. Herausgegeben von Hilmar Hoffmann und Walter Schobert in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Deutschen Institut für Filmkunde, Wiesbaden. Verlag: Frankfurt am Main: Kommunales Kino, 1977
 Uwe-Jens Schumann: <mask> – seine Filme, sein Leben. (= Heyne-Filmbibliothek, Band 18) München: Heyne, 1980,
 <mask> Blumenberg: In meinem Herzen, Schatz … Die Lebensreise des Schauspielers und Sängers <mask>bers . Frankfurt am Main: Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, 1981,
 Michaela Krützen: <mask>: Eine deutsche Karriere. Berlin; Weinheim: Beltz Quadriga 1995
 Michaela Krützen: „Gruppe 1: Positiv“ Carl Zuckmayers Beurteilungen über <mask> und Heinz Rühmann. In: Carl Zuckmayer Jahrbuch/ hg.von Günther Nickel. Göttingen 2002, S. 179-227
 Matthias Wegner: <mask>. Ellert & Richter, Hamburg 2005 (Hamburger Köpfe)

References

External links

Photographs of <mask> and Bibliography
<mask> at filmportal.de

1891 births
1960 deaths
Male actors from Hamburg
German male film actors
German male silent film actors
German male stage actors
Schlager musicians
Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
20th-century German male actors
Burials at the Ohlsdorf Cemetery
German military personnel of World War

masks:
Hans Albers
Hans Christoph
Hans Al
Hans Albers
Hans Albers
Hans Albers
Hans Albers
Albers


texts:
Dèng Guăngmíng (16 March 1907 – 10 January 1998) was a Chinese historian who specialized in the 10th to 13th century Song, Jin and Liao dynasties. Born in Linyi County, Shandong and known by the courtesy name Gongsan (), <mask>'s principal works include:
Outline of Chinese History • The Song, Liao and Jin Dynasties ()
Wang Anshi's Political Reforms During the Northern Song Dynasty ()
Biography of Yue Fei ()
Biography of Xin Qiji ()
Biography of Chen Longchuan ()
Chronicle of Xin Qiji's Life ()
Annotated Works of Xin Qiji ()
Amended Institutional Function Records from the History of Song ()
Amended Criminal Law Records from the History of Song ()

Life

Early life
Born to a relatively well-off family in Qijia Village (), Linyi County, Deng entered a private school in 1913 at the age of six. In the autumn of 1920 he passed the entrance examination for the Lingao County Number One Advanced Primary School
then three years later entered Shandong Number 1 Normal School where he "received enlightenment through real education". As this was the warlord era in China, a reactionary appointed new headmaster causing a school-wide protest strike. Deng joined in and was expelled in 1927. He sat the entrance exam for Peking, now Beijing University in 1931 but was not enrolled. Instead Deng entered the English Department at the Catholic University of Peking (now Fu Jen Catholic University).The following year he retook the entrance examination for Peking University and was admitted as a student. University career
During his time at Peking University Deng met the two greatest influences on his academic career, Fu Sinian and Hu Shih, who were both his tutors. In his fourth year, Deng took an extra course taught by Hu on biographical studies. For his graduation thesis he wrote his Biography of Chen Longchuan (), a work that was highly rated by Hu and whose praise created a huge influence on <mask>. After his graduation from the History Department in

masks: Deng Deng


texts:
 1936 he remained at the university as Hu's assistant in the Humanities Research Institute whilst also acting as an assistant historiography teacher. Thereafter, <mask>'s main task together with Luo Ergang was to catalog the stone rubbings of successive dynasties stored in the university library. At the same time he assisted Qian Mu compile the Synopsis of Dynastic History ().One year after graduation <mask> had already decided that henceforth his life would be follow the path of academia

Early career and works

Amongst Hu Shih's comments on Deng's Biography of Chen Longchuan he wrote: "Literary sources on the friendship between Chen Longchuan and Xin Qiji are lacking and should be improved upon." This gave <mask> his first opportunity to research Xin Qinji and as this was at the time of the invasion of China by Japan he decided as an act of patriotism to write a historical biography. Thereafter in 1937 Deng published his Chronicle of Xin Qiji's Life () together with the Annotated Works of Xin Qiji () which were unanimously praised by Hu Shih, Chen Yinke and Xia Chengtao () amongst others and made the author's name. Following the Marco Polo Bridge Incident on 7 July 1937 the War of Resistance against the Japanese began. Deng continued his research at the Beiping Library and with the assistance of Fu Sinian and Zhao Wanli () completed a work containing Chronicle of Xin Qiji's Life (), Annotated Works of Xin Qiji () and Treasury of Xin Qiji's Writing and Poetry (). In August 1939 Deng travelled through Shanghai, Hong Kong and Hanoi to the newly established National Southwestern Associated University in Kunming, Yunnan Province. Here he became teaching assistant to Beijing University researcher Chen Yinke.In 1940, <mask> followed Fu Sinian to Li Village, Nanxi County, Sichuan where from 1940 until Spring 1942 he received support from the board of directors of the Sino-British Boxer Rebellion Indemnity Fund () and began his research

masks: Deng Deng Deng Deng


texts:
 into the History of Song. At this time he also completed and published Amended Government Functionaries Records from the History of Song () and Amended Criminal Law Records from the History of Song (). In July 1943 on the recommendation of Fu Sinian, <mask> became Assistant Professor of History at Fudan University, relocating to its temporary location in Beibei, Chongqing. Here his lectures on narrative Chinese history were welcomed by the students and two years later he became a full professor. During this period he wrote and published Biography of Chen Longchuan (), Chronicle of Han Shizhong's Life () and Biography of Yue Fei () in succession. People's Republic of China Era
At the end of the war in 1945, <mask> returned to Beijing University and was appointed Secretary of the University acting on behalf of Fu Sinian. Not long afterwards he became a professor in the History Department.In 1949, Chiang Kai-shek requested that Fu Sinian and Hu Shih accompany him to Taiwan. <mask> in turn was invited by his former tutors but he declined and instead remained on the Chinese mainland. <mask>'s appointment as Professor of History at Beijing University followed in 1950. The 1950s were the golden era of <mask>'s academic career when between 1947 and 1957 he produced the largest quantity of his historiographical work. In 1958 he was criticized for his suggestion that the "four keystones" of Chinese historical education were chronology, institutional functions, historical geography and bibliography. Later <mask> began to contribute to the compilation of the Outline of Chinese History • The Song, Liao and Jin Dynasties (). Following the start of the Cultural Revolution in 1966, <mask> was denounced as a "reactionary academic" and sentenced to forced labor at either Beijing University Re-education Camp or sent to a re-education village in the countryside where he "reformed through living in a cowshed".In October 1969 according to a decision by

masks: Deng Deng Deng Deng Deng Deng Deng


texts:
 the army propaganda team he was sent to Poyang Lake in Jiangxi Province along with the rest of the teaching and administrative staff of Beijing University for "re-education through labor" which involved manual work in the fields. When the Cultural Revolution ended with Mao Zedong's death in 1976 <mask> became Dean of the History Faculty of Beijing University. From 1980 onwards he held successive posts as a member of the presidium of the China Historiography Association and President of the Chinese Song History Research Association. After 1982 he acted as a consultant to the China National Antiquarian Book Publishing Project and subsequently joined national working committees researching antiquarian books. In 1983 <mask> established the National Ancient History Research Center at Beijing University of which he became Director and where he taught a large number of talented students. At the same time <mask>'s academic achievements continued to grow. Academic Honors
"In the 20th century, Deng initiated study and research into the History of Song and was the founder of the system of Song Dynasty historiography".From his 1937 publication of Chronicle of Xin Qiji's Life and Annotated Works of Xin Qiji onwards Deng conducted extensive and thorough research into the history of the political system of the Song Dynasty, its economic history as well as its degrees and legal regulations, academic and cultural history along with other topics. Historian Zhou Yilang () rated <mask> as the "Number one Song Dynasty scholar of the 20th Century both in China and internationally." References

Partial list of works

This article is based on a translation of 邓广铭 in Chinese Wikipedia

1998 deaths
1907 births
Republic of China historians
People's Republic of China historians
Writers from Dezhou
Historians from Shandong
Educators from Shandong
Fudan University faculty
Peking University faculty
Victims of the Cultural Revolution
20th-century Chinese


texts:
<mask> (May 31, 1837 – October 15, 1891), known as <mask> (often spelled "Roony" among friends and family) or W. H. F<mask>, was the second son of General Robert E<mask> and Mary Anna Custis. He was a planter, a Confederate cavalry General in the American Civil War, and later a Democratic Congressman from Virginia. Early life
<mask> was born at Arlington House in Arlington, Virginia, and named for <mask>, his mother's uncle. At an early age, his father began to call him Rooney; what prompted him to use this nickname is not known, but it stuck as a way to differentiate him from his cousin <mask>. <mask> attended Harvard University, where he befriended <mask>, who wrote about his relationship with <mask> in chapter four of his autobiography, The Education of <mask>. <mask> followed in his father's footsteps after graduation, entering the United States Army in 1857 as a second lieutenant. He served with the 6th U.S. Infantry under Albert Sidney Johnston, and participated in the Utah War against the Mormons.In 1859, he resigned from the U.S. Army to operate his White House Plantation, on the south shore of the Pamunkey River, in New Kent County, Virginia. Civil War
With the outbreak of the Civil War, <mask> was commissioned as a captain in the Confederate Army cavalry and was soon promoted to major. He initially served as a cavalry commander for Brig. Gen. <mask> in the mountains of western Virginia during his father's Western Virginia Campaign. Loring's forces were transferred to the lower Shenandoah Valley and the command of Stonewall Jackson in late 1861, and occupied the town of Romney in early 1862. <mask> was soon after assigned to the

masks:
William Henry Fitzhugh Lee
Rooney Lee
. Lee
. Lee
Lee
William Henry Fitzhugh
Fitzhugh Lee
Rooney Lee
Henry Adams
Lee
Henry Adams
Lee
Lee
William Loring
Lee


texts: command of Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart, who was leading the cavalry forces for Joseph E. Johnston's Army of Northern Virginia, in the Peninsula Campaign.After joining Stuart, <mask>'s regiment participated in Stuart's first ride-around the Union army, as well as the subsequent Seven Days Battles around Richmond. During this time, Rooney's nearby White House plantation was burned to the ground, and his son Robert died of typhoid fever. During the Northern Virginia Campaign, Rooney played a leading role in Stuart's well-crafted attack on General John Pope's supply base at Catlett's Station on August 22, 1862, capturing a paymaster's safe full of Yankee greenbacks. His cavalry regiment was assigned to the brigade of Brig. Gen. <mask> <mask>, his cousin, for the Maryland Campaign. Following the Battle of South Mountain, <mask> was knocked unconscious after a horse fell from under him, and was unable to participate in the Battle of Antietam. Upon his recovery, he temporarily commanded <mask> <mask>'s cavalry brigade in Stuart's Chambersburg Raid; his conduct earning him promotion to brigadier general.He then commanded the 3rd Brigade of Stuart's Cavalry Division at the Battles of Fredericksburg mere weeks after the death of his infant daughter. During the Battle of Chancellorsville the following year, <mask> was detached from Stuart's cavalry to defend against Stoneman's 1863 Raid. At the beginning of the Gettysburg Campaign, <mask> was shot in the thigh during combat at Brandy Station. He spent the next two weeks recovering at Hickory Hill, Virginia, before being captured by Union forces. As a prisoner of war, he was sent to Fort Monroe for

masks:
Rooney Lee
Fitzhugh
Lee
Lee
Fitzhugh
Lee
Lee
Lee


texts:
 several months, before being shipped to New York, where he was held until returned to the Confederate Army on February 25, 1864, in exchange for Union Brig. Gen. Neal S. Dow. In April 1864, <mask> was promoted to major general and commanded a division in the Cavalry Corps during the battles of The Wilderness; Todd's Tavern; Spotsylvania Court House; and North Anna in the Overland Campaign.With the death of Jeb Stuart, <mask>'s role increased. <mask>'s cavalry division patrolled the extreme right of the Confederate lines during the Siege of Petersburg, defending against the Wilson-Kautz Raid at Staunton River Bridge, Sappony Church and First Ream's Station. His division was then sent north to briefly aid in the defense of Richmond at the Second Battle of Deep Bottom, before supporting General Wade Hampton III's Beefsteak Raid, and then returning to Petersburg for the Battle of Boydton Plank Road. By last year of the war, <mask> had risen to second-in-command of the Confederate cavalry in Virginia; General Hampton having been transferred to South Carolina to raise troops, and <mask>'s cousin, Fitzhugh, promoted to overall command. <mask>'s cavalry division screened the Confederate evacuation of Petersburg, notably at the Battle of Namozine Church during the Appomattox Campaign. He surrendered along with his father at Appomattox Court House with only 300 officers and men, one-tenth the size of the command during the Petersburg Campaign. Postbellum career
<mask> returned to White House Plantation and planting after the war.Nearby, his younger brother Rob lived at Romancoke Plantation across the river in King William County. After their mother

masks:
Lee
Rooney Lee
Lee
Rooney Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee


texts:
 died in 1873, Rooney inherited Ravensworth Plantation, the old Fitzhugh family property (near present-day Springfield) in Fairfax County with  of land. He moved there with his family from White House. In 1875 Rooney was elected to the Virginia Senate, serving until 1878. He was elected as a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives in 1887. He served in the House until his death at Ravensworth in 1891. He is interred in the University Chapel at Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia, with his parents and siblings.Marriage and family
<mask> married twice, first in 1859 to Charlotte Georgiana Wickham, daughter of George and Charlotte Carter Wickham and a descendant of the attorney John Wickham and his wife. They had two children, Robert Edward <mask> (March 11, 1860 – June 30, 1862) and Charlotte Carter <mask> (October 19, 1862 – December 6, 1862). Charlotte Carter Wickham <mask> died December 26, 1863. On November 28, 1867, he married Mary Tabb Bolling. They had two sons, who both lived to adulthood: Robert Edward <mask> (February 11, 1869 at Petersburg – September 7, 1922 at Roanoke, VA) and George Bolling <mask> (August 30, 1872 at Lexington – July 13, 1948 at New York, NY). <mask>'s mother, Mary Anna Randolph Custis, was the only surviving child of George Washington Parke Custis and <mask> Fitzhugh. George was the grandson of Martha Dandridge and step-grandson of President George Washington.<mask> was also a descendant of Charles II of England through Lady <mask> (granddaughter of Barbara Villiers), who married the 4th Baron Baltimore, and possibly, a descendant of George I, through Benedict Swingate Calvert

masks:
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee III
Lee
Lee
Mary Lee
Lee
Charlotte Lee


texts:
 (grandson of Lady <mask>), the illegitimate son of 5th Baron Baltimore and of an unknown mother, who was supposed to be Melusina von der Schulenburg, illegitimate daughter of the King. See also

 List of American Civil War generals (Confederate)
 List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)

References

Further reading
 Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. .
 Freeman, Douglas S. R. E<mask>, A Biography. 4 vols. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1934–35. .
 Longacre, Edward G. <mask>'s Cavalrymen: A History of the Mounted Forces of the Army of Northern Virginia. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2002. .
 Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Civil War.New York: Facts On File, 1988. .
 Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959. . External links

 <mask>, Wife Of <mask> Fitzhugh <mask>
About Famous People: <mask> Fitzhugh <mask>

1837 births
1891 deaths
19th-century American Episcopalians
American Civil War prisoners of war
American people of English descent
American planters
American slave owners
Bolling family of Virginia
Burials at University Chapel
Confederate States Army major generals
Custis family of Virginia
Fitzhugh family of Virginia
Harvard University alumni
<mask> family of Virginia
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Virginia
People from Arlington County, Virginia
People of Virginia in the American Civil War
Virginia state senators
Washington family
United States House of Representatives
19th-century American politicians
Virginia

masks:
Charlotte Lee
. Lee
Lee
Charlotte Lee
William Henry
Lee
William Henry
Lee
Lee


texts:
<mask> (1766, Rotterdam – 1841, Haarlem) was a Dutch writer of plays and travelogues who is mostly remembered today for his comprehensive list of painter biographies. Biography
He was born in Rotterdam, but six months later his mother died and he was raised by her sister in Haarlem, where he learned to draw and enjoyed literature and theater. He later moved back to Rotterdam at age 16 to live with his strict Calvinist father, who did not allow him to attend the theater, and where he was set to work as a clerk in a merchant's office. He became a follower of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and escaped his father's house a year and a half later in 1785 to join the Dutch Republican Army, and was stationed along the Waal (river) in Nijmegen, Grave, and Venlo. There he was free to pursue his literary and theatrical interests, but when he was sent in 1787 to Den Bosch to quell the plundering there, he was disgusted by plundering troops. This made him less and less royalist and more and more in sympathy with the patriots. He was eventually dismissed in 1789, because of his increasing sympathy for the patriot movement.He first moved to Oss where he tried his hand at farming with modern agricultural techniques, and three years after a trip to Belgium, he settled in Tilburg, where he became Drossaard (chief justice) in 1795. During the French occupation he became charged with the conscription of young men into the French army, and was embarrassed by requests from family and friends to protect their sons. He quit his position in 1802 and moved to Paris, where he became less and less enamored of the French patriots. In 1804 he made another long


texts:
 journey through France and in 1805 he travelled through Italy, Switzerland, and Germany on his way back to Haarlem, where he settled for good. He busied himself with his work on art, while continuing to plan trips, which he mostly made in the company of a friend or relative. Many of his travelogues were published. His writings show his political development, and illustrate how he went from being an Orangist to a Patriot, and then became an Orangist again.He felt strongly that Belgium and Holland belonged together and was heavily disappointed when Belgium seceded from the union in 1830. According to the RKD he was an art theorist and draughtsman. He became correspondent of the Royal Institute of the Netherlands in 1816. Artist biographies
He is best known today for writing a comprehensive list of artist biographies of artists living in the Netherlands, together with the author Roeland <mask>den, called Geschiedenis der Vaderlandsche Schilderkunst. After he settled in Haarlem, <mask> Willigen became a member of Teylers Tweede Genootschap and became friends with Van Eynden and the art curator of the collection there, Wybrand Hendriks, who painted his portrait. Van Eynden was also a member of the society and had won a gold medal in the category 'Drawing and Painting' in 1781 on The National taste in drawing and painting. He was already working on the first book of the two volume set of painter biographies, which included painters not earlier mentioned in Karel <mask>, Arnold Houbraken, or <mask> Gool.<mask> Willigen promptly entered the next Teylers Tweede Genootschap competition and won a gold medal in the same category in

masks:
van Eyn
Van der
van Mander
Johan van
Van der


texts:
 1806 together with Pieter Kikkert, for their contribution on the Reasons for the small number of Dutch history painters. <mask> Willigen proceeded to collaborate with <mask> Eynden on his book and contributed the painters from the middle of the eighteenth century up to his own time. There are over 1500 artists and collectors listed in the work. Archival importance of his diary and travelogues
Five of his autobiographical travelogues and diaries were compiled into an autobiography in 2010 by the city archivaris of North Brabant, <mask>, and <mask> <mask>jden. They were interviewed by the VPRO in 2010 and read parts of his original text in order to illustrate how accessible his autobiographical language is for modern speakers. <mask> also published another book from his memoires that specifically retraced <mask> <mask> Willigen's travels through Belgium. This book, that compares his experiences in 1792 (when the French entered Belgium) to his experiences on later travels in 1820 and 1827 (when Belgium was seceding from the Netherlands), forms an interesting historical document on Dutch-Belgian history, and was presented in Haarlem to the Belgian ambassador to the Netherlands, Frank Geerkens, in May 2011.Works
 Selico, 1794
 Schoolfeest, gevierd te Tilburg 17 januari 1796 met de toevoeging Gedrukt te Tilburg bij J.C. Vieweg. Mede te bekomen bij Wed. Vieweg te 's-Bosch
 Claudine, Play based on story by Jean-Pierre Claris de Florian, Haarlem, published by J. <mask>ré en Comp. (theater company), 1797
 De Recommandatiebrieven, 1800
 Travels through France, in letters to the editor (3 volumes with plates), Haarlem, published by A.

masks:
Van der
Van der
Jan Sanders
Lia van
der Hei
Jan Sanders
Adriaan
van der
van Wal


texts:
 Loosjes, 1805, 1806, 1807
 Paris at the start of the 19th century (with plates), Haarlem, published by A. Loosjes, 1806
 A trip from Paris to Naples, via Tyrol, and from there through Switzerland and along the Rhine back to Holland (with plates), Haarlem, published by A. Loosjes, 1811. Geschiedenis der vaderlandse schilderkunst, sedert de helft der XVIII eeuw. 4 vols. Haarlem, published by A. Loosjes Pz., 1816-1840 (Roeland wrote the first volume published in 1816, but died in 1819, and <mask> wrote the second volume in 1817, the third in 1820, and the appendix in 1840)
 Notes on a trip through England in the year 1823, Haarlem, published by Wed. A. Loosjes, 1824
 Notes on a trip through part of Germany in the year 1823, Haarlem, published by Wed. A. Loosjes, 1829
 Memoires 1766-1840

References

Roeland <mask> Eynden in the Dictionary of Art Historians
Article by Lia van der Heijden on Adriaan van der Willigen on thuis in brabant, a website sponsored by the Province of North Brabant
Geschiedenis der vaderlandse schilderkunst on Google Books

External links

1766 births
1841 deaths
Dutch art historians
Writers from Rotterdam
Members of Teylers Tweede Genootschap
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and

masks: Adriaan van


texts:
<mask>MG OBE (16 December 186930 October 1960) was an Australian-New Zealand composer, conductor and teacher. Life and work
<mask> was born in Melbourne in 1869. His year of birth is shown in many sources as 1870, but this has now been disproven. He spent most of his early life in South Africa. He studied at the Leipzig Conservatory between 1887 and 1891 under Gustav Schreck, Hans Sitt and Oscar Paul. Later he played second violin with the Gewandhaus Orchestra, under guest conductors including Brahms, Grieg, Tchaikovsky, Bruch, and Reinecke. While there, some of his compositions were played with fellow students, and several were published in Germany.These included the Scotch Sonata for violin and piano. <mask> returned to New Zealand, where was appointed director of the Wellington Orchestral Society. He also worked as a violin teacher, recitalist, chamber musician, and choral conductor. He was active in the push for a New Zealand Conservatorium of Music, and for the foundation of an institute of Māori studies at Rotorua. During this period he completed his first string quartet, on Māori themes, which later would achieve some familiarity in the United States through regular programming by the Zoellner Quartet in the period surrounding World War I. In 1897 <mask> returned to Australia, where he taught for a number of years. He married his first wife, Sarah Brownhill Booth, a New Zealander, on 6 October 1897 in Paddington, New South

masks:
Alfred Francis Hill C
Alfred Hill
Hill
Hill


texts:
 Wales.They were to have three children, who were given the Wagnerian names Isolde, Tristan and Elsa. In 1921 he divorced his wife, and on 1 October of that year married his former student Mirrie Solomon, also a composer. <mask>'s daughter Isolde <mask> became a noted opera singer, and granddaughter <mask>, a noted actress. On 1 January 1901 he conducted a choir of 10,000 voices and ten massed brass bands as part of the celebrations of the Federation of Australia in Sydney. After several years regularly travelling between Australia and New Zealand, <mask> settled in Sydney in 1911, becoming the principal of the Austral Orchestral College, and the 2nd violin player of the Austral String Quartet. In 1913 <mask> founded the Australian Opera League with Fritz Hart, as part of an attempt to create an Australian operatic tradition. <mask> was also a founder of the Sydney Repertory Theatre Society, and a foundation council member (later president) of the Musical Association of New South Wales.<mask> was also active as an organizer of music in Australia. In 1915–16 he co-founded the NSW State Conservatorium of Music and became its first Professor of Theory and Composition, and later deputy conductor to Henri Verbrugghen. When the Australian Broadcasting Commission was formed in 1932, <mask> was member of the ABC's Music Advisory Committee. In 1947 he became president of the Composers' Society of Australia. Honours
<mask> was made an Officer of

masks:
Alfred Hill
Hill
Patricia Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Alfred Hill


texts:
 the Order of the British Empire in 1953, and a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1960. In 1959, his 90th birthday was celebrated by a special concert of his music played by the Sydney Symphony Orchestra under Henry Krips. <mask> died at the age of 90 in 1960.He was survived by his second wife Mirrie <mask>, and the three children of his first marriage. Isolde <mask> became well known as a singer. Compositions and reputation
<mask> composed and conducted music for the Hugh McCrae play The Ship of Heaven, which was produced by the Independent Theatre in 1933. From 1937 onwards, he devoted himself full-time to composition. He wrote more than 500 compositions, including 13 symphonies (of which 11 are arrangements of previously written string quartets), eight operas (including The Weird Flute), numerous concertos, a mass, 17 string quartets and other chamber works, two cantatas on Māori subjects (Hinemoa and Tawhaki) and 11 other choral works, and 72 piano pieces. One of his string quartets (No.11 in D minor), from 1945, was the very first Australian composed chamber work to be recorded. While mostly neglected nowadays, he is still very well known on both sides of the Tasman for a short song "Waiata Poi", which was recorded by many singers including Peter Dawson.Since the 1990s, however, there has been renewed interest in <mask>'s oeuvre. His short piece for narrator and orchestra, Green Water, with words by John

masks:
Alfred Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill


texts:
 Wheeler, has been recorded at least twice. The Marco Polo label recorded most of his symphonies, which were played by the Queensland Symphony Orchestra. List of works (selection)
Thirteen symphonies:
 No. 1 in B-flat major, "Maori" (1901), unfinished
 No. 2, in E-flat major, "Joy of Life" (1941)
 No. 3 in B minor, "Australia"
 No.4 in C minor, "The Pursuit of Happiness" (arranged from String Quartets Nos. 4 and 17)
 No. 5 in A minor, "Carnival"
 No. 6 in Bb major, "Celtic"
 No. 7 in E minor
 No. 8 in A major, "The Mind of Man", for string orchestra
 No. 9 in E major, "Melodious", for string orchestra
 No.10 in C major, "Short Symphony"
 No. 11 in E major, "The Four Nations", for string orchestra (arranged from String Quartet No. 5)
 No. 12 in E-flat major
 No. 13 in A minor, for string orchestra
 Orchestral music, including:
 Linthorpe
 The Lost Hunter, Tone poem (1945)
 The Sea
 The Sacred Mountain
 White Flame
 Concertos
 Piano Concerto in A major
 Violin Concerto in E minor (1932)
 Viola Concerto (1940)
 French horn Concerto in D minor (1947)
 Trumpet Concerto (1915)
 Seventeen String quartets, including:
 String Quartet No. 1 in B-flat, "Maori" (; published 1913)
 String Quartet No.2 in G minor, "A Maori Legend in 4 Scenes"
 String Quartet No.3 in A minor, "The Carnival"
 String Quartet No. 4 in C minor
 String Quartet No.5 in E major, "The Allies" (1920)
 String Quartet No. 6 in G major, "The Kids"
 String Quartet No. 7 in A major


texts:
 (1934)
 String Quartet No. 8 in A major (1934)

 Eight operas:
The Whipping Boy (1893)
 Lady Dolly (1900)
 Tapu (1913)
 Teora (1913)
 Giovanni (1914)
 The Rajah of Shivapore (1917)
 Auster (1922)
 The Ship of Heaven (1923)
Eleven pieces for choir, including:
 Hinemoa, cantata (1896)
 Mass in E-flat major for mixed chorus and organ (1931)
 Make a joyful noise unto the Lord (Psalm 100) for male chorus and piano or organ (1934)
 The 3 great pillars for male voices and piano or organ (1934)
 72 Pieces for piano
 Other compositions:
 Piano Trio in A minor
 Violin Sonata No. 2 in A minor
 Violin Sonata No. 3 in A minor
 Violin Sonata No. 4 in C minor

Discography (partial)
 String Quartets Nos.5, 6 and 11 (Australian String Quartet) : Marco Polo 8.223746
 String Quartets, Vol. 1 (Dominion String Quartet) – Nos. 1, 2, 3 : Naxos 8.570491
 String Quartets, Vol. 2 (Dominion String Quartet) – Nos. 4, 6, 8 : Naxos 8.572097
 String Quartets, Vol. 3 (Dominion String Quartet) – Nos. 5, 7, 9 : Naxos 8.572446
 String Quartets, Vol.4 (Dominion String Quartet) – Nos. 10 and 11, Life Quintet : Naxos 8.572844
 String Quartets, Vol. 5 (Dominion String Quartet) – Nos. 12, 13, 14 : Naxos 8.573267
 Symphony No. 2 "Joy of Life" (Adelaide Symphony Orchestra, Adelaide Singers, Patrick Thomas): ABC Classic FM recording
 Symphony Nos 3 and 7, The Lost Hunter, The Moon's Golden Horn (Queensland Symphony Orchestra, Wilfred Lehmann) : Marco Polo 8.223537
 Symphony Nos


texts:
 4 and 6, The Sacred Mountain (Melbourne Symphony Orchestra, Wilfred Lehmann) : Marco Polo 8.220345
 Symphony Nos 5 and 10, As Night Falls, Tribute to a Musician (Queensland Symphony Orchestra, Wilfred Lehmann) : Marco Polo 8.223538
 Green Water (Peter Munro, narrator; Queensland Symphony Orchestra, John Farnsworth Hall) (1954; ABC recording)

Resources
Listen to <mask>'s The Moon's Golden Horn online at ABC Classic FM's classic/amp website. References

Sources
 McCredie, A. D. 1978. "Alfred Hill".In Australian Composition in the Twentieth Century, ed. Frank Callaway and David Tunley, 7–18. Melbourne and New York: Oxford University Press. McCredie, A.D. 1983. "<mask> Hill". In [Australian Dictionary of Biography http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/hill-alfred-francis-6667] Vol. 9.Thomson, J. M. 2001. "<mask>, <mask>." In The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. S. Sadie and J. Tyrrell. London: Macmillan. External links
A Catalogue of works by <mask> compiled by Allan Stiles. Alfred Hill String Quartet No.1 "Maori" Soundbites and discussion of work
See also and compare with the following biography, which contains more information: http://www.teara.govt.nz/1966/H/HillAlfred/<mask>Alfred/en

1869 births
1960 deaths
19th-century classical composers
19th-century male conductors (music)
19th-century conductors (music)
20th-century Australian male musicians
20th-century Australian musicians
20th-century classical composers
20th-century

masks:
Alfred Hill
Alfred
Hill
Alfred
Alfred Hill
Hill


texts:
 conductors (music)
Australian male classical composers
Australian opera composers
Australian conductors (music)
Australian music educators
<mask>-McIndoe-Gillies family
Male opera composers
Musicians from Melbourne
New Zealand classical composers
Pupils of Salomon Jadassohn
Romantic composers
Sydney Conservatorium of Music alumni
University of Music and Theatre Leipzig


texts:
<mask> (born Wharfedale, Bradford, West Yorkshire, 29 April 1940) is an English documentary filmmaker. In almost half a century of making films mainly for television – on subjects including cinema, literature, art, jazz, sport and popular culture – "he has defined and re-defined not only the televisual art documentary genre but has been able to make moving image pieces as a form of self portraiture". <mask> has made many acclaimed films, including on Federico García Lorca, C. L. R. James, Astor Piazzolla, Miles Davis, Keith Jarrett, Barbara Thompson and other notable subjects. In the words of Sukhdev Sandhu in The Guardian: "In a career spanning almost five decades, it's possible <mask> has shaped more ideas and offered more ways of seeing than any other TV documentarian of his generation." <mask> is the father of film director <mask>. Career
After graduating from Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, with a BA (Hons) degree, <mask> joined BBC TV in 1963. He worked as an Assistant Film Editor/Film Editor in the BBC Film Department until 1967, and then joined the Music and Arts Department.Between 1967 and 1971 he directed numerous films on a range of subjects for various BBC series, including The Movies, Moviemakers at the NFT, Canvas, The Craftsmen, New Release, Omnibus. In 1972 he produced a four-part series of 30-minute films called Ways of Seeing, now regarded not only as "a landmark work of British arts broadcasting, but as a key moment in the democratisation of art education". Scripted by writer John Berger, Ways of Seeing won a BAFTA Award for Best Specialised Series, and was the basis of a bestselling book designed by Richard Hollis, jointly published by the BBC and Penguin Books in 1972. In 1976 <mask> made a film based on Beyond a Boundary, the classic book by C. L. R. James, and on 23 February 1979 the BBC broadcast his film based on the 1973 book The Country and the City by Raymond Williams. In 1983, <mask> left the staff of the BBC to work independently. He joined Third Eye

masks:
Mike Dibb
Dibb
Dibb
Mike Dibb
Saul Dibb
Mike Dibb
Dibb
Dibb


texts:
 Productions, a company formed by several other ex-members of the BBC Music and Arts department, including Barrie Gavin, Peter West and Geoff Haydon. After 1986 <mask> began to make many of his films through his own company, Dibb Directions Ltd (DD).The many notable documentaries he has made include The Spirit of Lorca, about poet Federico García Lorca (in collaboration with Lorca's biographer Ian Gibson, 1986; Gold Award NY Festival of Film and TV), and What’s Cuba Playing At? (on the Afro-Spanish roots of Cuban music; BBC Arena, 1985), Tango Maestro – The life and music of Astor Piazzolla (2005, BBC), and Keith Jarrett – The Art of Improvisation (2005, Channel 4). With Stephen Frears in 1994 he co-directed Typically British, a BFI/Channel 4 documentary on the history of British cinema. In November 2011, <mask> participated in a Masterclass in conversation with David A. Bailey as part of the International Curators Forum two-day intervention at the Arnolfini in Bristol. His two-hour film The Miles Davis Story (DD and Channel 4 Television) won the Royal Philharmonic Society TV award and an International Emmy award for arts documentary of the year 2001. <mask>'s most recent film, Barbara Thompson: Playing Against Time, is a 75-minute "musical-medico" documentary film "about Parkinson's disease seen through the prism of music", chronicling the celebrated saxophonist's fight to keep performing despite having developed the condition. The film was first transmitted on BBC Four on 19 February 2012.His first book, Spellwell (2010, Muswell Press), written in rhyming couplets and illustrated by Roddy Maude-Roxby, was a playful guide to the idiosyncrasies of English-language spelling. A major online retrospective of his work A Listening Eye was curated by Matthew Harle and Colm McAuliffe for the Whitechapel Gallery in East London, running from January till March 2021. Select filmography

 2011: Barbara Thompson: Playing Against Time (BBC Four)
 2009: Personally Speaking: A Long Conversation with

masks: Dibb Dibb Dibb


texts:
 Stuart Hall, interviewed by Maya Jaggi
 2005: Keith Jarrett: The Art of Improvisation (Channel 4)
 2004: Edward Said: The Last Interview (ICA Projects)
 2004: Tango Maestro - The life and music of Astor Piazzolla (DD/BBC)
 2003: Steven Rose – political scientist (BBC Four profile)
 2003: Edward Said (presented by Charles Glass, BBC Four profile)
 2002: Studs Terkel (BBC Four profile)
 2001: The Miles Davis Story (Channel 4)
 1999: The Beginning of The End of the Affair (exploration of the real-life background to Graham Greene's celebrated novel; BBC)
 1996: A Curious Mind - A.S. Byatt (BBC Bookmark)
 1996: The Fame and Shame of Salvador Dalí (with Salvador Dalí biographer Ian Gibson; BBC)
 1995: The Further Adventures of Don Quixote (BBC Bookmark)
 1994: Typically British (with Stephen Frears; Channel 4/BFI)
 1991: Elmore Leonard’s Criminal Records (BBC)
 1989: Octavio Paz (BBC)
 1985: What’s Cuba Playing At? (BBC Arena)
 1984: Memories of The Future - John Ruskin and William Morris (Channel 4)
 1984: C. L. R. James in conversation with Stuart Hall (Channel 4)
 1983: Classically Cuban (on Alicia Alonso and Cuban National Ballet; BBC)
 1979: The Country and the City (with Raymond Williams, based on his classic study of English literature; BBC)
 1976: Beyond a Boundary (with C. L. R. James, based on his classic book of the same name about cricket; BBC Omnibus)
 1976: Seeing Through Drawing (with David Hockney, Jim Dine, Ralph Steadman and others; BBC)
 1972: Ways of Seeing (with John Berger, BBC; BAFTA Award 1972)

References

External links

 Mike Dibb website. Sukhdev Sandhu, "Ways of Seeing opened our eyes to visual culture: A 1972 TV series was a British arts broadcasting landmark, but in recent celebrations the role of the director has been forgotten", The Guardian, 7 September 2012. 1940 births
Living people
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
BBC people
British documentary film directors
British film directors
People from the City of Bradford
Film people from Yorkshire
English


texts: <mask> "Buzz" <mask> (born September 3, 1949) is a retired United States Air Force general who served as the 18th Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force. He is a fighter pilot with more than 3,000 flight hours in fighters and trainers, most in the F-15 Eagle. On 2 September 2005, <mask> assumed his final Air Force assignment as Chief of Staff of the Air Force—the senior uniformed Air Force officer responsible for the organization, training and equipage of more than 700,000 active-duty, Guard, Reserve and civilian forces serving in the United States and overseas. As a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the general and other service chiefs function as military advisers to the Secretary of Defense, National Security Council, and the President. <mask> resigned from the Air Force at the request of U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates in June 2008 in the wake of a number of Air Force scandals, including a 2007 scandal related to the Air Force's handling of the security of nuclear weapons at Minot Air Force Base, despite having directed over 120 actions to focus directly on the service's adherence to policy guidance and operational processes relative to nuclear assurance. At the time there were multiple media reports suggesting the rationale for the forced retirements of both the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff was actually disagreements between the Air Force and the Secretary of Defense on the path of Air Force budgets, modernization and recapitalization. Specifically, that General <mask> continued to aggressively support the full procurement of the F-22, larger numbers of the F-35, Next-Generation Bomber, enhanced unmanned aerial vehicles, a new tanker aircraft, a new combat search and rescue helicopter, an upgrade of Department of Defense space systems, an operational focus on cyberwarfare capability and the beginning of nuclear systems modernization.On 11 July 2008, a formal

masks:
Teed Michael
Moseley
Moseley
Moseley
Moseley


texts:
 retirement ceremony was held for <mask>; he officially retired from the Air Force on 11 August 2008 after 37+ years of uniformed service. Background
<mask> was born in 1949 in Grand Prairie, Texas. He graduated from Texas A&M University in 1971 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science. He earned a Master of Arts degree from Texas A&M University in 1972, also in political science. He commanded the F-15 Division of the Air Force Fighter Weapons School at Nellis AFB, Nevada, the 33rd Operations Group at Eglin AFB, Florida, and the 57th Wing, the Air Force's largest, most diverse flying wing, also at Nellis. The general has served as the combat Director of Operations for Joint Task Force-Southwest Asia. General <mask> also commanded 9th Air Force and U.S. Central Command Air Forces while serving as Combined Forces Air Component Commander for Operations in Operation Southern Watch, Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom.The general is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. He has been awarded the Order of National Merit (Officer) and the Order of National Merit (Commander) by the president of the French Republic. The Order of National Merit is the second highest French military award. He has also been awarded the United Arab Emirates' Military Medal, 1st Class, by the president of the U.A.E. Moseley's staff assignments have been a mix of operational, joint and personnel duties. These include serving in Washington, D.C., as Director for Legislative Liaison for the Secretary of the Air Force; Deputy Director for Politico-Military Affairs for Asia/Pacific and Middle East, the Joint Chiefs of Staff; Chief of the Air Force General Officer Matters Office; Chief of Staff of the Air Force Chair and Professor of Joint and Combined Warfare at the National War College; and Chief of the Tactical Fighter Branch, Tactical Forces Division, Directorate of Plans, Headquarters U.S. Air Force.

masks: Moseley Moseley Moseley


texts:
 Moseley assumed the position of Chief of Staff of the Air Force during a ceremony at Andrews Air Force Base on September 2, 2005.<mask> personally "adopted" the United States Air Force Academy Class of 2009 as his own, and has gone out of his way to address the future leaders of the U.S. Air Force. On March 8, 2007, the Grand Prairie ISD school board unanimously voted to name an elementary school opening in the 2007–2008 school year <mask> Elementary School in honor of his achievements and as a native of Grand Prairie. As a result of a series of high-profile scandals and his resistance to the new drone programs, <mask>, along with the Secretary of the Air Force, was forced to resign. His resignation was on 5 June 2008, in the wake of a report that criticized the service's handling of nuclear-weapons security related to the 2007 United States Air Force nuclear weapons incident and a misshipment of nuclear missile components to Taiwan. Following his resignation, <mask> continued to serve as Chief of Staff of the Air Force until his official retirement ceremony at Bolling AFB, Washington, D.C. on 11 July 2008. (See 2007 United States Air Force nuclear weapons incident)

On 11 July 2008,  <mask> had his formal retirement ceremony at Bolling Air Force Base in Washington, D.C. Former Secretary of the Air Force, the Honorable <mask> presided over the ceremony. <mask> officially retired from the Air Force on August 1, 2008.Flight information
Rating: Command pilot
Flight hours: approximately 3,000
Aircraft flown: T-37, T-38, AT-38 and F-15A/B/C/D

Honors
For his combat leadership of Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Northern Watch, Operation Southern Watch, Operation Southern Focus, Operation Iraqi Freedom, General <mask> was awarded the General H.H. Arnold Award, the Air Force Association's highest tribute to leadership. Additionally, the Air Force Association has awarded him a "Life Time Achievement Award" for

masks:
Moseley
Mike Moseley
Moseley
Moseley
Moseley
Michael Wynne
Moseley
Moseley


texts: his efforts in support of the restoration of the Lafayette Escadrille Memorial in Paris, France. The Association has also named him a General Ira Eaker Fellow for "Principled Leadership" while serving as the 18thChief of Staff. Texas A&M University recognized his accomplishments and dedicated services with their Distinguished Alumnus Award, the highest honor bestowed upon a former student. Other leadership awards include: the Texas A&M University Corps of Cadets Hall of Honor, the South Carolina Chamber of Commerce Sergeant William Jasper Freedom Award, the General "Jimmy" Doolittle Award for leadership and dedication to American Air Power by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the General James Hartinger Award for achievements in advancing the military space mission. General <mask> was also the first inductee into the Frontier of Flight Hall of Fame in Dallas, Texas.General <mask> has also been singularly honored by the Mayor of Grand Prairie, Texas and by the Independent School District of Grand Prairie by having a public school named after him in his hometown – the <mask> Elementary School. General <mask> was knighted by Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom as a Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (KBE). His Majesty, the King of Saudi Arabia, awarded him the King Abdulaziz Excellence Medal, the Kingdom's highest award. The President of the French Republic named him a Commander in the French National Order of Merit. That award is in addition to the President of the French Republic's previous naming him Officer of the French National Order of Merit. He has also been awarded the United Arab Emirates highest award and equally prestigious awards from the Minister of Defense from the Republic of Singapore and from Brazil. General <mask> was personally awarded two Defense Distinguished Service Medals by the Secretary of Defense for his combat innovation and

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Moseley
Moseley
Mike Moseley
Moseley
Moseley


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 leadership in the Middle East as well as for his transformational vision for the American Military.Upon retirement, General <mask> was awarded a third United States Air Force Distinguished Service Medal for his combat and peacetime leadership and personal contributions to national security. Additionally, upon retirement, he was awarded Distinguished Service Medals from the Department of the Navy, the Department of the Army and from the Department of Homeland Security (United States Coast Guard). In September 2017, he was also awarded the Air Force's highest civilian award, the Distinguished Public Service Award for his post-retirement, continued contributions to national security by the Secretary and Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force. Moseley had an elementary school named in his honor in Moseley's home town of Grand Prairie, Texas in 2007. Major awards and decorations

Effective dates of promotion

Activities since retirement
<mask> has called for the retirement of the Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II, comparing it to the North American P-51 Mustang which had been quickly retired after the Second World War and then even more quickly pressed back into active service at the start of the Korea War. See also
 List of United States Air Force four-star generals

References

 Mike Moseley elementary website

Joint Chiefs of Staff
United States Air Force generals
Chiefs of Staff of the United States Air Force
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Grand Prairie High School alumni
Texas A&M University alumni
Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
1949 births
Living people
Recipients of the Air Medal
Recipients of the Pingat Jasa Gemilang (Tentera)
Commanders of the National Order of Merit (France)
Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal
Vice Chiefs of Staff of the United States Air Force
Recipients of the Defense Distinguished Service Medal
Recipients of the Air Force

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<mask> (born <mask> is a British journalist, documentary film maker and best selling author. He has made several fiction feature films, feature length documentaries and television documentaries, which have received three BAFTA nominations. His work is noted for causing controversy and has faced legal action as a result of his films. He gave evidence to the Leveson Inquiry into the ethics of the British press. In 2016 he was sentenced to five years in prison for tax fraud. He published a book about his time in jail entitled A Bit of a Stretch which became a bestseller in the UK. Early life and career
<mask> was educated at Bromsgrove School from 1989–1994.His early career involved making low-budget dramas with director Richard Jobson, including Jobson's debut feature film, 16 Years of Alcohol, which was nominated for five British Independent Film Awards in 2003, winning two. He also produced The Purifiers with Jobson in 2004, a martial arts film set in the future, which was acquired by Working Title and released in the USA by New Line Cinema. In 2005, he produced Jobson's A Woman In Winter, starring Jamie Sivves, Julie Gayet and Brian Cox. It was nominated for two Scottish BAFTAs, including best film. Documentaries

Taking Liberties
In 2007, <mask> directed his first feature documentary Taking Liberties, which criticised the Blair government for undermining civil liberties since the war on terror. While making Taking Liberties, <mask> was held under anti-terror laws when he tried to speak with the Home Secretary John Reid at the 2006 Labour Party conference. The film was released in over 50 British cinemas shortly before Blair stepped down in 2007.The Guardian's Peter Bradshaw gave the film 4 stars, saying "there's something exhilarating about this thoroughly enjoyable and worthwhile docu-blast against Tony Blair's insidious diminution of native British liberties." The film was BAFTA nominated for the "Carl Foreman award for special achievement by a British director, writer or producer in their first feature film" in the 2008 British Academy Film

masks:
Chris Atkins
Christopher Walsh Atkins
Atkins
Atkins
Atkins


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 Awards. Starsuckers
In 2009, <mask> directed his second feature documentary, Starsuckers, which heavily criticised the media for the negative effects of celebrity culture. The film gained wide notoriety for selling fake celebrity stories to several British tabloid newspapers, and for secretly filming journalists from Sunday tabloids, who were attempting to buy celebrity medical records. The Guardian newspaper published two front page stories about Starsuckers in October 2009, and the News Of The World quickly contacted the filmmakers to assert that they had never threatened libel actions against another publication. <mask> also secretly filmed the celebrity publicist Max Clifford boasting about how he kept embarrassing stories about his clients out of the media. Clifford also tried to legally block the film's release.The film criticised Bob Geldof over the negative consequences of both Live Aid and Live 8 charity concerts, leading Geldof to write <mask> a 6,000 word letter, attacking the film days before it was screened on Channel 4 in 2010. Thirty minutes of footage from Starsuckers were shown as part of <mask>' evidence to the Leveson Inquiry. His evidence was quoted extensively in Leveson's final report. UKIP: The First 100 Days

In 2015, <mask> wrote and directed UKIP: The First 100 Days, a mockumentary drama for Channel 4. The film was set in an imagined future where UKIP won the 2015 general election, and mixed real news reports with fly on the wall style footage of a fictional MP, Deepa Kaur. The film was broadcast on 16 February 2015 and caused considerable controversy, leading to over 6000 complaints to the broadcasting regulator Ofcom. UKIP supporters were upset that the film portrayed the party's policies in a negative light so close to the general election.Ofcom rejected all of the complaints and ruled that the film had not breached the regulations. Work for Channel 4 and BBC
<mask> went on to make TV documentaries for the Channel 4 television series Dispatches. In 2012 he spent a year undercover investigating the illegal trade in

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 confidential data, in which <mask> bought private information on volunteers from unwitting private detectives to illustrate the ease with which data is bought and sold on the black market. The film culminated in <mask> being unmasked by two private detectives who chased him down a street. He also produced and directed the Dispatches special "Celebs, Brands and Fake Fans", which attempted to show how social media popularity can be bought and sold. The film generated considerable controversy when it was revealed that <mask> had secretly filmed several members of the ITV soap Coronation Street at a gifting suite, where he handed out fake products in return for glowing endorsement tweets. The investigation was run on the front of The Sun and The Mirror newspapers, and ITV threatened to sue Channel 4 if the film was broadcast.It was screened in August 2013 without any legal action. In 2013, he produced and directed the Panorama episode "All in a Good Cause", which looked into unethical investments made by charities such as Comic Relief, the aftermath of which resulted in <mask> claiming he had, "turned into the comedy establishment's most hated man". The investigation into Comic Relief's investments, and the resulting public outcry, led to the charity selling off millions of pounds of shares in arms companies, alcohol firms and tobacco manufacturers and changing its investment policy. <mask>' Panorama was nominated for a Scottish BAFTA in 2014.

Who Killed The KLF? <mask> has been directing a feature documentary about the 90's rave band, The KLF, since 2009. In 2021 the KLF's record label filed a copyright claim against <mask> to prevent the usage of the band's music. KLF members Jimmy Cauty and Bill Drummond have gone on record as being against the film's release.Writing
<mask> occasionally writes for The Guardian. <mask> was also a credited writer on the BBC3 show The Revolution Will Be Televised, which featured political stunts by Heydon Prowse and Joylon Rubenstein. The first series won a Television BAFTA in 2012, and was nominated again in

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 2013. Criminal conviction
In 2016, <mask> went on trial at Southwark Crown Court for tax fraud. He had been arrested in 2012 by HMRC's Fraud Investigation Service as part of enquiry into tax evasion schemes within the British film industry. The court heard how <mask> and others had falsified invoices for a partnership of bankers, in return for them funding his film Starsuckers. He was found guilty on two counts of "conspiracy to cheat the public revenue, theft and fraud", sentenced to five years in jail and disqualified from acting as a company official for 12 years.A later investigation by the i newspaper established that <mask> did not financially gain and all of the money from the scheme – £85,000 – was spent on funding the film. A Bit of a Stretch
<mask> kept a diary recording his experiences in HM Prison Wandsworth, between July 2016, when he was sentenced, and March 2017, when he was transferred to an open prison. It was published in February 2020 as A Bit of a Stretch, and received highly positive reviews in several newspapers. <mask> is developing the book into a TV show after the screen rights were bought by Sony-backed 11th Hour Films. He released a podcast series on prison life, also called A Bit of a Stretch, in October 2020. It was based on over twenty interviews <mask> conducted with former prisoners about their time behind bars. The podcast was given 4 stars by The Times and achieved over 200,000 downloads.He started a prison literacy campaign the same year, convincing publishers to donate thousands of new books to prison libraries during the pandemic. Filmography

Bibliography

<mask>, <mask> (2020). A Bit of a Stretch: The Diary of a Prisoner. Atlantic Books. References

External links
 Sentencing of <mask> at Southwark Crown Court

1976 births
21st-century British criminals
People educated at Bromsgrove School
British documentary film directors
British film directors
British filmmakers
British film producers
British fraudsters
British journalists
British people convicted of fraud
British people convicted of theft
Living

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Atkins
Atkins
Atkins
Atkins
Atkins
Atkins
Atkins
Chris
Chris Atkins


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<mask> (born 25 November 1953 in Wandsworth, London, England) is a British composer of scores for television and films. His work includes a collaboration to develop scores for ITV News. <mask> works from his composing studio in East Sussex. At Trinity College of Music, <mask> was a pupil of Richard Arnell. They worked together on films including Dilemma (1981), Doctor in the Sky (1984), Toulouse-Lautrec (1986), and The Light of the World (1989). <mask> has written several works with Brian Sibley. Background and education
<mask> began composing at the age of 11, influenced by his primary school music education, which had been based entirely on the Schulwerk.This influence stayed with David and shaped a lot of his much later music. During his time in primary school, he also started to receive piano lessons from the renowned classical concert pianist and teacher Christine Gough. In his late teens he studied composition with Professor Richard Arnell, a former pupil of John Ireland at Trinity College of Music, London, and enrolled in a part-time courses on electronic music with Tristram Cary at the Royal College of Music. After gaining his BEd (Hon) he taught music for six years, and during this time built up a large repertoire of compositions, for chamber solo and instrumental combinations including vocal music. Compositions
His television commissions have covered a wide spectrum. He is mostly called upon to score Drama-Documentary, particularly covering human aspects and emotional content. He is a very prolific writer.His KPM Library music CDs are used all over the world to score an enormous variety of productions. He is also well known for his arrangements and versions of the music for the ITV News at Ten, and all of

masks:
David Graham Hewson
Hewson
Hewson
Hewson
Hewson


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 the regional news broadcast by ITV in England, Southern Scotland, Wales and the Channel Islands. Overview of works

Theme Tunes and Film Scores
Central News (Central Television/ITV)
CNN Future Watch (CNN/Turner Broadcasting System)
The Selina Scott Show
Summer with Selik (NRK Norway)(Best Film of the Year. The Echoes Fade the one and only single they released, is widely considered to be the "Holy Grail" of minimal electronic music. Rare copies often selling for hundreds of pounds. Twins Natalia
TWINS NATALIA is an electro-pop ensemble comprising creative minds from various artistic fields working together to create some beautiful, catchy yet melancholic and substantial electro-pop combining an early 80s musical approach (analogue drum machine sounds, way of sequencing, etc.) with the latest recording technology.TWINS NATALIA is one of the many brainchildren of Steve Lippert, Anna Logue Records' permanent and wonderful graphic designer. The basic musical ideas are composed by Marc Schaffer on original analogue equipment (Boss DR-55, Crumar Performer, Korg MS-20/Poly-61, Roland TR-606/TR-808/CSQ-100/SH-2, etc.) supplying the basic rhythmic and melodic structure. Additional composition, arrangement and performance by <mask> in his recording studio in East Sussex, and with lyrics are added by Sharon Abbott, performed by both Sharon and Julie Ruler, the latter three well known as POEME ELECTRONIQUE. Articles reviews
Twins Natalia are back after their split 7-inch with Marsheaux with a new split. This time we have a two tracks 12-inch with Twins Natalia, with "I Avoid Strangers" and Poeme Electronique, with "I Wouldn't Change Me For Anyone". Always formed by Steve Lippert, Marc Schaffer (Anna Logue Records' boss) plus


texts:
 Sharon Abbott, Julie Ruler and <mask> of Poeme Electronique, Twins Natalia are presenting a nine minutes 'special extended night version' of the track which is coming from their forthcoming debut album "The Destiny Room"."I Avoid Strangers" is a powerful retro electro pop upbeat dance floor killer based on bouncing bass lines, catchy lead solos and rich synth arpeggios. <mask>'s vocals recall a bit Human League and in the middle of the track you can find an intermezzo which could fit an 80s ebm tune. This song is a hit, no doubt about that! On the AA side, Poeme Electronique present their first track after 25 years. "I Wouldn't Change Me For Anyone" is a really good song about empty glamour lives and behind its upbeat rhythms it has a certain dose of darkness and mystery. Girls' voice are passionate and good as in the past and the track sound just like one of their classic hits. The release is presented in a deluxe package with posters and postcards ( Poeme Electronique's artwork is based on original paintings by German artist Peter K. Endres) and it's also available on digital download.Techno Twins
<mask> was a key contributor to the musical output of the Techno Twins in the 1980s, writing and creating most of their material for several albums. He performed on many of their other recordings and was integral in the creation of the only hit they had "Falling in Love Again" He invented their unique sound concept, and arrangements, all created in his four track studio in south London. References

External links

 Poeme Electronique

1953 births
English film score composers
English male film score composers
English television composers
English male composers
Living people
Musicians from London
People from

masks:
Dave Hewson
Dave
Dave Hewson


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<mask>, PPA (31 May 1934 – 2 August 2003) was a Singaporean athlete who represented Singapore in football and hockey. <mask> was best known as a goalkeeper for the Singapore national football team. At club level, he also played as a forward in addition to his goalkeeping duties for Police Sports Association. He won the 1954 SAFA Challenge Cup with his first club, Rovers Sports Club, and the 1969 President's Cup with Police. <mask> also represented the Singapore state team which participated in Malayan competitions and was part of the Malaya Cup winning teams of 1960, 1964 and 1965. He is widely considered as one of the best goalkeepers to play for Singapore. In a list of Singapore's 50 Greatest Athletes of the Century by The Straits Times in 1999, he was ranked 32nd and was the only goalkeeper in the list.<mask> also represented Police and the Singapore state team in hockey. He won the 1957 Oehlers Cup and the 1958 Singapore Hockey Association Division One title with Police. At state level, he established himself as centre-half for Singapore and was national team skipper in the early 1960s and at the 1962 Asian Games. <mask> won the Razak Cup, the Malayan inter-state competition, with Singapore in 1965. <mask> joined the Police Force after leaving school and rose to the rank of Deputy Superintendent. On 18 July 1974, <mask> was awarded the bronze Pingat Pentadbiran Awam state medal. After 20 years of service in the Police Force, <mask> resigned in late 1974 and emigrated to Canada.In 2003, he had a heart attack and entered into a coma for two weeks. He died at the age of 69 on 2 August 2003. Football career

Early years

<mask> represented Saint Andrew's School in football, hockey and cricket. He grew up near the beach in Kakikal Lane, Katong and would practise diving after imaginary balls on the beach in the mornings and evenings. He played bare-footed for

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Wilfred James Skinner
Skinner
Skinner
Skinner
Skinner
Skinner
Skinner
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Skinner


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 Katong Boys' Club which won the 1950 Singapore Boys' Football Cup. The Cup win earned <mask> a pair of boots and a place in Saint Andrew's second football team, where he played as a right winger. He had to play in goal after the team's goalkeeper did not turn up for a match, and his performance earned him promotion to the first team after only two games with the second team.He also represented the Combined Schools team for five years under honorary coach Choo Seng Quee. He was awarded Combined Schools Colours in 1952, 1953 and 1954. Club

<mask> joined Rovers Sports Club's newly formed junior team in 1951. A year later, he played for Rovers 'A', the second team, which ended runners-up in the 1952 SAFA Third Division. On 2 May 1953, <mask> made his senior debut for Rovers in a 3–0 win over Pulau Brani United in the First Division. Rovers finished as 1953 First Division runners-up and 1954 SAFA Challenge Cup winners

In December 1954, <mask> joined the Police Force and played for Police Sports Association after leaving school. He was also utilised in a centre or wide forward role throughout his playing career with Police.<mask> won the inaugural President's Cup under coach Choo Seng Quee in January 1969. <mask> also represented the Singapore state team which participated in Malayan competitions including the Malaya Cup. On 26 June 1960, <mask> received an ovation from the 12,350-strong Jalan Besar crowd for his role in Singapore's 2–1 victory over Malaya Cup holders Selangor; he considered this win to be his most memorable match in a 1988 interview. Singapore went on to lift the Cup that year. In November 1960, SAFA president Soh Ghee Soon confirmed that <mask> "requested" his withdrawal from the Singapore team that would tour Hong Kong and Saigon as he could not train with the team due to his hockey commitments. <mask> quit the Malaya Cup team after he

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 alleged he was unfairly dropped by Soh. He resolved his differences with the SAFA and rejoined the team in late December.<mask> missed the following season after he left for a four-month training at the Detectives' Training School in Calcutta under a Colombo Plan scholarship in March 1961. Singapore won the FAM Cup in 1963 but <mask> did not play in the final. He featured in both finals as Singapore won the Malaya Cup in 1964 and 1965. Following the 1965 Cup win, he announced his intention to step down from the state team but retracted his decision and was included in the 1966 squad. He played in the earlier rounds of the 1967 FAM Cup, which Singapore won, but missed the final due to a neck injury sustained during the Asian Cup qualifiers in March. The FAM Cup was <mask>'s last involvement with the state team as he was dropped from the 1967 Malaysia Cup (the renamed Malaya Cup) squad with the form of replacement Ahmad Wartam, and the Football Association of Singapore withdrew the team from Malaysia competitions in 1968 and 1969.

International

In 1953, <mask> was called up to the Singapore team in place of first-choice goalkeeper Chu Chee Seng. He made his international debut against Malaya in the annual Sportsmen's Trophy on 13 September.<mask> also represented Singapore at the 1954 Asian Games. On 4 April 1962, he captained Singapore for the first time in a match against Peruvian club Sporting Cristal. With the impending merger of Singapore, Malaya, British North Borneo and Sarawak to form Malaysia, <mask> was included in the 18-man Malaysian squad for the Merdeka Tournament in August 1963. He made his debut for Malaysia in a 5–0 loss to South Vietnam on 12 August. Four days later, he skippered the team in place of injured captain Abdul Gani as hosts Malaysia defeated South Korea 3–0. <mask> also featured for Malaysia in the 1964 Merdeka Tournament. In

masks: Skinner Skinner Skinner Skinner Skinner Skinner Skinner


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 December 1965, <mask> represented the newly independent nation of Singapore at the 1965 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games.He was selected in the Singapore squad for the 1966 Merdeka Tournament. <mask>'s last international assignment was the 1968 Asian Cup qualification in Hong Kong in March 1967. In September, national coach Choo Seng Quee's request to recall <mask> for the up-coming Southeast Asian Peninsular Games was rejected by the Football Association of Singapore and he was not included in the shortlist of players. The FAS decision eventually proved irrelevant as the football team dropped from the Games contingent by the National Sports Council Board in November. <mask> is widely considered as one of the best goalkeepers to play for Singapore. He was ranked 32nd in a list of Singapore's 50 Greatest Athletes of the Century by The Straits Times in 1999 and was the only goalkeeper in the list. Hockey career

Club

<mask> joined Police Sports Association's hockey team when he entered the Police Force in December 1954.He played alongside Percy Pennefather, captain of Police SA and the national hockey team at the 1956 Olympic Games, and national football team captain Lee Kok Seng. Police reached their first Oehlers Cup final, Singapore Hockey Association's senior knockout tournament, in 1956 but lost 3–2 to University of Malaya. On 1 March 1957, Police defeated holders University of Malaya 2–0 in the semi-final of the Oehlers Cup after three replays. Five days later, Police claimed their first trophy with a 2–0 victory over Singapore Recreation Club "Reds" in the final. <mask> also won the SHA Division One title with Police in 1958.

International

In October 1959, right-half <mask> received his first call-up to the Singapore state hockey team for the Malaya Hockey Federation (MHF) inter-state quadrangular. He made his international debut in a 2–0 win over


texts:
 Malaya on 28 November 1959. By the early 1960s, <mask> established himself as Singapore's regular centre-half and skipper.He captained Singapore at the 1962 Asian Games. In October 1961, the MHF approved Singapore's return to the Pan-Malayan inter-state championship. Singapore lost 3–0 to Selangor in the 1962 inter-state final. In 1963, the MHF inter-state competition underwent a change in format to a Cup competition and was renamed the Razak Cup. <mask> won the 1965 edition with Singapore. Personal life

<mask> joined the Police Force after graduating from school in December 1954. He rose to the rank of Deputy Superintendent on 18 July 1974.In August 1974, <mask> was awarded the bronze Pingat Pentadbiran Awam state medal. After 20 years of service in the Police Force, <mask> resigned in late December 1974 and emigrated to Canada, where he worked as a handyman. <mask> married wife Moira on 6 May 1967; they have a son, Judd James (born 1969). Death

<mask> died at the age of 69 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada on 2 August 2003. He had been in a coma for two weeks after suffering a heart attack. Honours

Football

Rovers
 SAFA Challenge Cup: 1954

Police
 President's Cup: 1969

Singapore FA
 Malaya Cup: 1960, 1964, 1965

Hockey

Police
 SHA Division One: 1958
 Oehlers Cup: 1957

Singapore
 Razak Cup: 1965

Civil

 Pingat Pentadbiran Awam, Bronze: 1974

References

1934 births
2003 deaths
Singaporean people of European descent
Singaporean footballers
Singapore international footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Association football forwards
Home United FC players
Singapore FA players
Singaporean male field hockey players
Field hockey players at the 1962 Asian Games
Asian Games competitors for Singapore
Saint Andrew's School, Singapore alumni
Singaporean emigrants to Canada
Malaysia international footballers
Recipients of the Pingat


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<mask> (born 23 May 1943) is an Indian herpetologist, wildlife conservationist, and founder of the Madras Snake Park, the Andaman and Nicobar Environment Trust (ANET), and the Madras Crocodile Bank Trust. In 2008, <mask> was selected as an associate laureate in the 2008 Rolex Awards for Enterprise for his efforts to create a network of rainforest research stations throughout India. In 2005, he was a winner of a Whitley Award for outstanding leadership in nature conservation. He used this award to found the Agumbe Rainforest Research Station in Karnataka, for the study of king cobras and their habitat. For his work in wildlife conservation, he received the Padma Shri award in 2018. Work in India

<mask> was the founding director of the Snake Park in Chennai. The park was conceived to rehabilitate the Irula tribe, who are known for their expertise in catching snakes.The tribals were left jobless after the ban of snake trading. Whitaker helped the Irula tribe to get involved in extracting snake venom used for the production of antivenom drugs. Rom is the founder-director of the Madras Crocodile Bank Trust Centre for Herpetology, actively involved in crocodile breeding and conservation programs. Whitaker is currently coordinating an effort to save the gharial, a critically endangered species of Crocodilia on the brink of extinction, with less than 250 individuals left in Indian waters. On 27 December 2010, the Minister for Environment and Forests, Jairam Ramesh, during a visit with Rom at the Madras Crocodile Bank, announced the formation of a National Tri-State Chambal Sanctuary Management and Coordination Committee for gharial conservation on 1,600 km2 of the National Chambal Sanctuary for gharials along the Chambal River in Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh. The committee will comprise representatives of the states' water resources ministries, state departments of irrigation and power, Wildlife Institute of India, Madras Crocodile Bank

masks:
Romulus Earl Whitaker
Whitaker
Whitaker


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 Trust, the Gharial Conservation Alliance, Development Alternatives, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Worldwide Fund for Nature, and the divisional forest officers of the three states. The committee will plan strategies for protection of gharials and their habitat.This will involve further research on the species and its ecology and socioeconomic evaluation of dependent riparian communities. Funding for this new initiative will be mobilized as a subscheme of the Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitats in the amount of Rs.50 to 80 million (US$1 to 1.7 million) each year for five years. This project has long been advocated by Rom <mask>. Professional affiliations
<mask> is a member of the advisory committee and the editorial board of the Bombay Natural History Society, correspondent of The Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, USA, advisor of Irula Tribal Women's’ Welfare Society, Afforestation Project, member of the Centre for Science and Education, New Delhi, and of the Centre for Environment Education, Ahmedabad. He co-founded the Tamil Nadu Society for Social Forestry Research and the Palni Hills Conservation Council. He is chief technical advisor of Irula Snake Catchers’ Industrial Cooperative Society and convenor of the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Chapter. He is honorary consultant of International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources/Species Survival Commission (IUCN/SSC), vice chairman (Western Asia), IUCN/SSC Crocodile Specialist Group, member of IUCN/SSC Reptile and Amphibian Group and of IUCN/SSC Sea Turtle Specialist Group.Popular culture
He was producer of the 1996, 53-minute, Super 16-mm wildlife documentary, The King and I, made for the National Geographic Channel Explorer program. This film on the natural history of the king cobra, the largest venomous snake in the world, received the Emmy Award for Outstanding News and

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 Documentary Program Achievement, 1998. It also received Best Photography Award, Progetto Natura 8th Stambecco d'Oro Nature Film Festival, Turin, 1997; it was nominated for Best Cinematography, Jackson Hole Wildlife Film Festival 1997; Emmy Nomination for Outstanding Individual Achievement in a Craft-Cinematographers and News and Documentary, 1998, and  Best Animal Behaviour, Wildscreen Film Festival 1998. In February 2007, he was the subject of a critically acclaimed documentary produced by Icon Films and WNET (and broadcast as Supersize Crocs on PBS's Nature series) on oversized crocodiles, which was filmed in India, Ethiopia, and Australia. In January 2009, Whitaker was in another Nature documentary on real-life reptiles, such as Komodo dragons and dracos that inspired tales of dragons. In February 2011, BBC Natural World followed <mask> during his ongoing research into the causes and prevention of snake bites in India. He has authored several scientific articles and popular books on reptiles, especially on snakes, including the comprehensive field guide, titled Snakes of India - The Field Guide in 2004.
 on the snakes of India.In 2018, he received the Padma Shri, the fourth-highest civilian awards in India for distinguish services in wildlife conservation. <mask> was born in New York City, United States. His mother, Doris Norden, was an artist, and his father served in the United States Army. After his parents divorced, his mother married Rama Chattopadhyay, son of Kamaladevi and Harindranath Chattopadhyaya. Rom and his sister Gail (born 1939) grew up in New York City. After the birth of his sister Nina, his mother and stepfather, Ram, moved the family to Bombay (now Mumbai) in 1951. Rom's stepfather was a pioneer in color film processing and established India's first colour motion-picture processing lab in Worli.His brother Neelkanth was born in Mumbai in 1953. Rom continued his education (begun in New York) at the Kodaikanal International

masks:
Whitaker
Personal Whitaker