texts:
 bat.In his second match in 1906–07, <mask> broke through for his first century, scoring 122 before taking match figures of 4/92 in an innings win over Queensland. In the next match, he took his first five-wicket innings haul, recording figures of 5/18 and 2/17 in an innings win over South Australia, including leading Test batsman Clem Hill twice. <mask> took wickets in each match; he ended the season with 405 runs at 40.50, with two further fifties, and took 30 wickets at 18.20 in nine matches. The following season, in 1907–08, saw the arrival of England for a Test series. <mask> had a chance to stake his claim for national selection in a match for his state against the tourists. He made 9 and 13, unbeaten in both innings, as his partners were dismissed cheaply and left him stranded. New South Wales made 101 and 96 and lost by 408 runs, with Macartney taking a total of 1/64.He was selected for an Australian XI to play the tourists in an effective dress rehearsal for the Tests, and made 42 and took 4/36 in a drawn match. As a result,
<mask> was selected to make his debut against England in the First Test at the Sydney Cricket Ground. He was viewed as a utility player, selected for the flexibility in his batting position and his left arm orthodox spin. Test debut
<mask> had a moderately successful debut. He bowled three wicketless overs in the first innings, before scoring 35 in Australia's reply while batting at No. 7. He took one wicket, that of leading English batsman Wilfred Rhodes.With Australia needing 274 runs to win in the second innings, Noble decided that <mask>'s first

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type: original

texts: innings effort warranted promotion to act as Trumper's opening partner. He managed to score only nine, but Australia managed to scrape home to seal a two wicket victory. <mask>'s domestic form after his Test debut was sufficient for him to retain his position for the Second Test in Melbourne. Noble persevered with <mask> as Trumper's opening partner and he scored 37 of an 84 run opening partnership in the first innings. He returned to the middle order in the second innings to score 54 and took a total of 1/55 as England squared the series with a narrow one wicket victory. His most productive batting of the series came in the Third Test in Adelaide, when he scored 75 batting at No. 3 and took two wickets for 66 runs (2/66) in an Australian victory.His batting was largely ineffectual in the last two Tests; he failed to score more than 30 in any innings as he was moved to No. 8 and then back to the opening position in the Fifth Test. Despite his confused role as a batsman, he contributed with the ball in the Fifth Test victory on a pitch amenable to spin, taking match figures of 5/66. His first international series had yielded 273 runs at an average of 27.30 and ten wickets at an average of 26.60. He tasted victory, with Australia taking the series 4–0. His highest score of the season was 96 against England in a later match for New South Wales. The hosts were 12 runs short of victory with one wicket in hand when time ran out.<mask> scored 524 runs at 27.58 and took 25 wickets at 28.76 in 12 matches. In spite of his unsettled role in the batting line up, <mask> had performed

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texts:
 well-enough as an all-rounder in the following domestic season in 1908–09 to be selected for the 1909 tour of England, his first overseas tour. <mask> took a total of 6/60 in an innings victory over South Australia in the first match of the season. He then scored 100 in the return match, and ended the six matches of the summer with 319 runs at 53.17 and nine wickets at 29.89. First tour of England

<mask> started his tour of England by taking match figures of 5/86 in a nine-wicket win over Northamptonshire. He took at least two wickets in each of the five matches leading up to the Tests, with 5/24 against Oxford University. He totalled 17 wickets at 15.18 and scored 141 runs at 28.20.<mask> took 3/21 in the first innings of the First Test, removing captain Archie MacLaren, CB Fry and leading batsman Jack Hobbs, but managed only 0/35 in the second innings as England scored 0/105 to win by ten innings. He then scored five and was wicketless as Australia levelled the series with a nine-wicket win in the Second Test. He then scored 124, his only century of the tour, in a non-first-class match against Western Union. His bowling confounded the English team in the Third Test at Headingley in Leeds, where he took 7/58 in the first innings and 4/27 in the second. It was his best innings and match bowling figures in Tests and helped win the Test and eventually retain The Ashes. Australia had struggled to post 188 in their first innings on a pitch conducive to spin bowling, with Macartney scoring only four. Australia responded with a dual spin attack, with Noble bowling off spin in tandem

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texts: with Macartney's left arm orthodox.Noble (0/22 from 13 overs) tied down the batsman, allowing Macartney to attack at batsman at the other end. He bowled with a high trajectory, tempting the batsmen to attack him and then varied his bowling speed to surprise them. He had Jack Sharp stumped after luring him from the crease and bowled Jack Hobbs with a faster ball. Other victims included English captain MacLaren, JT Tyldesley, George Hirst and Sydney Barnes. England were bowled out for 182 and Australia replied with 207; Macartney scored 18. Australia went on to win by 126 runs after Macartney took four more wickets in the second innings, removing MacLaren, Tyldesley, Rhodes and Barnes to help dismiss the hosts for 87. <mask> then made a half-century and took a wicket in each of the last two Tests, both of which were drawn to hand Australia a 2–1 series win.<mask>'s batting in the Test series was largely unsuccessful. He made two fifties, but otherwise failed to pass 20 and ended with 153 runs at 19.13. In his era, the expectation was that batsmen would be able to bat in a variety of positions and <mask> was gradually moved from seventh down to tenth in the batting order by the end of the tour. Largely due to his efforts at Headingley, his bowling figures were more impressive; he ended the Tests with 16 wickets at 16.13. At this stage of his career, <mask> was regarded as a bowling all-rounder. He was only eighth on the batting averages for the tour, with 503 first-class runs at 16.77, but took 71 wickets at an average of 17.46 in eight matches. Upon returning to the southern


texts: hemisphere, Macartney headed to New Zealand for a stint with Otago instead of playing in Australia in 1909–10, due to attractiveness of the foreign outfit's remuneration.The period was unsuccessful for Otago—all three matches were lost—but <mask> was prolific as an individual. He took match figures of 7/68 against Canterbury and 7/81 in the first innings of a game against Australia, removing Test teammates Warwick Armstrong and Warren Bardsley. He ended with 17 wickets at 17.53 and scored 132 runs at 22.00. <mask> started poorly in the home series against the touring South Africans in the Test series of 1910–11. In the first three Tests, he accumulated 15 runs in five innings and took a solitary wicket. As a result, he was dropped for the Fourth Test. Up to this point he had not passed 45 in 13 innings for the season and taken only seven wickets in seven matches.He then made 119 and 126 for New South Wales against South Africa and took match figures of 4/155 as the tourists fell to a 44-run defeat. This prompted the selectors to restore him to the Test team, and <mask> bounced back with his first Test century, making 137 in the first innings and 56 in the second in just 40 minutes, as Australia completed a seven-wicket win. It was his third century in as many first class innings. The late-season hat-trick of centuries pushed <mask>'s season total to 609 runs at 33.83 and 10 wickets at 54.90 in ten matches. The 1911–12 season started strongly for Macartney. He scored 122 and took 5/81 as New South Wales defeated Queensland by an innings. However, the season went downhill from there;


texts:
 Macartney failed to pass 30 in the next ten innings and took only three wickets in the next six matches.As a result, he was left out of the playing XI and made twelfth man for the first three Tests against the touring England team. Omission and recall in 1912

<mask>'s omission was part of the most infamous disputes in Australian cricket history and led to a fracas. Australian captain and selector Clem Hill wanted to include <mask> for the Third Test, but another member of the panel, former player Peter McAlister objected and said that Hill should omit himself if he wanted <mask> to play. Tensions between the two selectors were high, and came to a head in a selection meeting ahead of the Fourth Test. McAlister criticised Hill's tactics and policies towards his bowlers, provoking an exchange of insults regarding the other's leadership ability. Hill then bloodied McAlister with a powerful blow to the nose and the ensuing brawl lasted between 10 and 20 minutes. Furniture was knocked across the room, artwork shattered and Hill had to be restrained from throwing McAlister out of the third floor window, before resigning as a selector.Eventually, <mask> was recalled for the Fifth Test against England and scored 26 and 27 and took a total of 1/54 in a defeat. Macartney scored 300 runs at 27.27 and took nine wickets at 32.78 in eight first-class matches for the season. Macartney wrote later that "persistent ill-feeling seriously affected the morale of the side". <mask> then toured England for the 1912 Triangular Test Tournament, which also included South Africa. He was not in the original

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texts: touring party, but six senior players including Hill and vice-captain Warwick Armstrong and leading batsman Victor Trumper withdrew from the tour due to a dispute with the board. Macartney was thus given a late call-up. Macartney scored 84 but the tourists started on a bad note, losing to Nottinghamshire.He then scored 127 against Northamptonshire, 208 against Essex, 123 and 25 not out against Surrey and 74 against the Marylebone Cricket Club in four consecutive matches. Australia won the first two by an innings and the latter two by seven and five wickets respectively. Up to this point, <mask> had only claimed a solitary wicket. He then took match figures of 6/60 in a ten-wicket win over Oxford University. Australia then defeated South Africa in their first Test of the tournament. <mask> made 21 in an innings victory and did not bowl. <mask>'s batting waned in the next seven tour matches, passing 50 only three times in ten innings.However, he did take 13 wickets, including 6/54 against Yorkshire. <mask> then scored 99 in a drawn Test against England at Lord's that did not reach the second innings. Wisden regarded the innings as his best for the season. Macartney added half-centuries in consecutive county matches and after three further matches without passing 21, the Tests resumed. <mask> scored nine and took 3/29 in a ten-wicket win over South Africa, and then scored 142 and 121 in the next match against Sussex. The next Test against England was then washed out in the first innings; Macartney neither batted nor bowled. The following match against South Africa did not reach the


texts: second innings and Australia then lost to England by 244 runs in the final, with Macartney taking a total of 2/67 and scoring four and 30.It was a barren August for <mask>, who did not pass 35 and took only six wickets in six first-class matches. However, he finished the tour strongly, scoring 176 against the South of England and 71 against CB Fry's XI in the last two matches. Macartney scored 2,207 runs during the tour at an average of 45.04. During the English season, he reached the peak of his performance as an all-rounder, taking 38 wickets. He made six centuries, including two in one match against Sussex. Apart from his 99 at Lord's, Macartney did not pass 34 in the other Tests and ended with 197 runs at 32.83. He did not bowl heavily during the series, taking six wickets at 23.66.It was not a happy tour for the Australians; without the senior players, there were frequent reports of drunken brawls and verbal abuse towards the locals. <mask> was one of only four players to accept the guaranteed tour fee of 400 pounds; the others signed up to a percentage share of the profits and the commercial failure of the tour left them with less than half of the flat fee. There were no further Test matches before the First World War. The 1912–13 Australian season was a short one for Macartney, but he was in rare form, scoring 125, 96, 94, 76 not out, 91, 10 and 154 in four matches, to total 646 runs at 107.66. He also took four wickets at 30.50. During an unofficial tour of the Australian team to the United States and Canada during the off season in 1913, which consisted of more than 50

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 matches, the overwhelming majority of which were not first-class, <mask> scored 2,390 runs at 45.92 and took 189 wickets at 3.81, topping both the batting and bowling averages. He also made the most centuries (seven) and the highest individual score of 186 against a combined Canada and United States team.<mask> played in only five first-class matches and scored two centuries in these fixtures. In two non-first-class matches, he took 11/23 and 10/29 in an innings. The 1913–14 domestic season was to be the last season of cricket before the outbreak of World War I. <mask> captained New South Wales for the first time against Tasmania. He had another prolific season with the bat; in six matches he scored 892 runs at 111.50 in nine innings. He scored 201 in an innings victory over Victoria, four other centuries including a 195, and two fifties. With Macartney in such form, five of the matches were won by an innings, and another by nine wickets. The record was blotted only by a loss to South Australia by 19 runs.<mask> took two wickets at 32.50. <mask> was selected for the five-Test tour of South Africa in 1914–15, but the campaign was called off due to the war. Despite his success on the field, Macartney still had a regular job outside of cricket, as with most cricketers of the era. In 1914, he left his job on the Sydney wharves and joined the staff of New South Wales Railways & Tramways in the Chief Mechanical Engineer's Office at Redfern. The following season, he scored 191 runs at 38.20 including a century in three matches. He did not take a wicket. Post-war Test career

World War I


texts: interrupted Macartney's career as competitive cricket was cancelled.In January 1916, he enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force (AIF). In July 1917 he was posted to France as a temporary Warrant Officer in the 3rd Division Artillery. In 1918, he was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal for gallantry and reached the rank of corporal. The death of his father later in the year led to his repatriation from Britain and prevented his appearance with the AIF cricket team. The war years divided <mask>'s career in two. Prior to the war, he was primarily known as a bowling all-rounder. In 21 Tests, he had taken 34 wickets at 26 and scored 879 runs at 27, with one century.After the war, <mask> transformed himself into one of the greatest batsmen of his era. In his 14 post-war Tests, he scored 1,252 runs at nearly 70, with six centuries. His bowling became more sporadic, taking just 11 more wickets, averaging 32. <mask> resumed Test cricket when Australia hosted England in 1920–21, and was one of only four players remaining from before the war. However, he only played in two of the Tests due to illness and injury. His early season form was ominous for the tourists. <mask> scored 161 in guiding New South Wales to a successful run-chase of 4/335 over the Englishmen.He then scored 96 and 30 for an Australian XI against the tourists in a dress rehearsal for the Tests. In the First Test, playing as an opening batsman, he struck 19 in the first innings. Australia's new post-war skipper Warwick Armstrong felt that Macartney would be more effective at number three, and in the second innings, he


texts:
 made a free-flowing 69 in a 111-run second-wicket stand with Herbie Collins as Australia went on to inflict a 377-run defeat. <mask>'s return to form was interrupted by an illness, which caused him to miss the following three Test matches. After a two-month layoff, <mask> struck 130 in a match for his state against England. He returned for the Fifth and final Test, where he recorded his highest Test innings of 170 on his home ground, the Sydney Cricket Ground. Among the spectators was a 12-year-old Don Bradman, who had been taken to watch Macartney by his father.Eight decades later, Bradman recalled the innings, "as if it were yesterday", describing it as full of "delicate leg-glances, powerful pulls, cuts and glorious drives" and concluding that it was one of the best innings he had seen in his lifetime. Bradman cited the innings as an inspiration for his career. <mask> headed the Australian Test averages with 260 runs at 86.66 as Australia won the Ashes 5–0. It was the only such Ashes whitewash until 2006–07. <mask> has amassed 821 runs at 68.42 for the season. He took only three wickets at 56.33. Wisden Cricketer of the Year

On the 1921 Ashes tour, Macartney—who needed a special medical clearance before being selected— had a chance to rectify his poor batting performances of his pre-war tours of England.In his first match, against Leicestershire, he started strongly with 177. his fast scoring helped Australia complete an innings victory in just over half the allotted playing time. He scored 87 against Surrey, 51 against Combined Services and 77 against Oxford University in the


texts: next seven matches leading up to the start of the Tests, with a total of 539 runs at 53.90 under his belt. <mask> made 20 in the first innings and was unbeaten on 22, playing as an opener, as Australia completed a ten-wicket win in the First Test. It was Australia's sixth consecutive Test win over England. He failed to pass 20 in the next two county matches, but did take 2/19 against Middlesex, his first wickets on tour. This came in his 11th match on tour and was a reflection of his role as a specialist batsman in the post-war years. The next game against Gloucestershire heralded the start of a rich vein of run-scoring during the remainder of June.<mask> scored 149, in an Australian innings noted for elegant strokeplay and big hitting, after managing only 31 and eight in the eight-wicket win in the Second Test, hit three consecutive centuries. <mask> hit 105 as Australia amassed 7/708 declared against Hampshire and then made 193 as Australia compiled 621 and defeated Northamptonshire by an innings and 484 runs. The two matches were separated by a match against Surrey, which <mask> missed due to injury. In the latter match, <mask> came in at first drop after the hosts took a wicket from the first ball of the match, and he scored 193 of the 318 runs scored while he was in the middle. Macartney took only 135 minutes and hit 31 fours as Australia added more than 300 in just over two hours of batting. Such was the dominance of <mask> and the rest of Armstrong's men that they disposed of Northamptonshire in less than two days. However, his most famed innings was yet to come.In the next


texts:
 match, <mask> scored 345 against Nottinghamshire at Trent Bridge in 232 minutes, with 47 fours and four sixes. <mask> had an inauspicious start to the day, coming to the crease after the dismissal of Warren Bardsley with only one run scored. He attacked immediately and was dropped in the slips when on nine runs. The missed chance further emboldened Macartney, who had a philosophy that being dropped was a signal that it was his day to shine. He proceeded to exhibit his full repertoire of strokes. After reaching his double century in only 150 minutes, Macartney signalled to the pavilion. When Nottinghamshire captain Arthur Carr asked him if he was seeking a drink, Macartney said that he wanted a heavier bat and indicated that he was going to attack.<mask> kept his promise, adding his next 100 runs in only 48 minutes to reach 300 in 198 minutes. At the time, it was the fastest triple century in first-class cricket in terms of minutes. It still stands as the highest innings by an Australian in England, and at the time was the most runs scored by any batsman in one day. During the innings, <mask> partnered Nip Pellew in a partnership of 291. Australia went on to score 675 and won by an innings and 517 runs, in only two days, the largest winning margin achieved by Australia in a first-class match. The cricket writer Sumner Reid described <mask>'s innings as:

the most destructive innings I ever saw in England or Australia. Not Trumper at his brilliant best, nor even Bradman in his calculated genius, ever performed with more unadulterated, murderous power and masterful technique.In the


texts: space of four days, <mask> had scored 538 runs, and for the month of June, he had totalled 913 runs at 91.30. He carried this form into the next Test. In the Third Test at Headingley, he made his first Test century on foreign soil, striking 115 in the first innings. It was a relatively sedate innings for his standards, but helped Australia to victory by 191 runs and an unassailable 3–0 series lead. It gave Warwick Armstrong's men an eighth consecutive Test win, which remained a world record for more than five decades until surpassed by the West Indies cricket team of the 1980s. The cricket writer Gideon Haigh said that "It was like watching the armies of succeeding generations in combat, artillery, and tank against sword and horse". Macartney had a quiet time over the next month, passing fifty only once in the next eight innings in seven matches.He also ended his wicket-taking drought, claiming six in three matches after almost two months without success. He returned to form with 72 against Warwickshire and 155 in the next match against Kent. <mask> finished with 61 in the drawn Fifth Test at The Oval, to head the run-scoring with 300 runs at 42.85 as Australia took the series 3–0. He did not take a wicket in the Tests. <mask> then scored 121 against Gloucestershire in an innings victory immediately after the Tests, but did not pass 45 in the remaining four matches of the tour. <mask> topped the batting aggregates and averages with 2,317 runs at 59.41 in the first-class matches. He took only eight wickets at 32.63 for the entire tour.<mask>'s efforts during the 1921 English summer


texts: led to his being named as one of the 1922 Wisden Cricketers of the Year. Wisden stated that Macartney was "by many degrees the most brilliant and individual Australian batsman of the present day". On the journey back to the southern hemisphere, Australia stopped for its first ever Test tour of South Africa. <mask> warmed up with 135 in a victory over Natal. The cricket writer Jack Pollard described <mask>'s hitting as "powerful, almost arrogant". <mask> then scored 59 and 116 in an aggressive display in the First Test in Durban, which was drawn, with the hosts hanging on with only three wickets in hand. After missing the Second Test due to fitness reasons, Macartney returned against Western Province.He took 5/40 in the first innings, his first five-wicket innings since June 1912, nine and a half years earlier. In the Third Test in Cape Town, <mask> scored 44, before taking 5/44 in the second innings to ensure that Australia would only have to chase a solitary run. He bowled three of his victims and removed Billy Zulch twice. The hosts struggled against the dual spin of <mask> and Mailey. Australians went on to secure a ten-wicket victory. <mask> finished the Test series with seven wickets at 14.86. He totalled 492 runs at 70.28 and 14 wickets at 17.14 for the tour, against topping the batting averages.<mask> started the 1922–23 season strongly, scoring 63 and 84 and taking 2/8 in a five-wicket win over the touring MCC in the first match of the summer. He only passed fifty once more in the season and took 5/8 in an innings against Victoria. <mask> totalled 350 runs at 29.16 and 12

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texts: wickets at 12.16 in eight matches for the season. The next Australian season was a shortened one for New South Wales. <mask> scored 174 runs at 21.75 and took seven wickets at 21.14 in four matches before his state embarked on a tour of New Zealand. <mask> struck form immediately, scoring 80 and 120 in the opening match against Wellington. He followed this with 100 (in a non-first-class match), 120 against Otago and 221 in the next match against Canterbury, all in consecutive innings.He added match figures of 4/38 as New South Wales defeated Canterbury by an innings. <mask> then scored 36 and 55 not out and took match figures of 4/55 in an eight-wicket win over New Zealand. He made only two and seven in the remaining first-class matches, and ended with 13 wickets at 20.92. <mask> missed the 1924–25 Test series when England toured Australia. He played in only two first-class matches in the early stages of the season, scoring 11 runs at 3.66 and taking five wickets at 23.40. The withdrawal of Macartney from competition was attributed to a flare-up of an injury he had suffered during World War I, but sceptics believed that he had suffered a nervous breakdown. Following his year off, Macartney returned to full-time cricket in 1925–26.He re-established himself in his first match, scoring 114 and taking a total of 4/49 as New South Wales crushed Western Australia by an innings and 235 runs. <mask> then scored 84 and 28 to help the Rest of Australia defeat the national team by 156 runs. He then scored two centuries as New South Wales won all four of their Sheffield Shield matches, three


texts:
 by an innings. Up to this point, <mask> had scored 582 runs at 72.75 and taken 20 wickets at 20.30. This was enough for him to be selected for the 1926 tour of England. His most notable performance with the ball was his 7/85 and 2/16 in an innings victory over arch-rivals Victoria. His wickets included batsmen Bill Woodfull (twice), Bill Ponsford, Jack Ryder and all rounder Hunter Hendry, who played alongside him in the 1926 Tests.Following his selection for the England tour, <mask> warmed up by scoring 66 and 163 not out and taking a total of 4/48 in consecutive innings victories for the Australian touring party over Tasmania. International farewell

<mask>'s international farewell on the 1926 tour of England saw him at the peak of his batting powers. Unlike the previous tour in 1921, Macartney was also prominent with the ball. During the opening first-class fixture against Leicestershire, <mask> scored only two but took 5/9 in a rain-affected draw. In the next match against Essex, another rain-affected draw, he starred with the bat, scoring 148. In the third match, another draw against Surrey, <mask> combined both of his skills and scored 53 and took 6/63 in the first innings. His victims included English Test batsmen Jack Hobbs and Percy Fender.He then took 3/21 and 4/57 as Australia beat Hampshire to record their first win of the season. In nine matches before the First Test, Macartney scored 379 runs at 42.11 and took 30 wickets at 13.20. The First Test at Trent Bridge was washed out, with England scoring 0/32 in the only innings of the match. <mask> then scored 54 as


texts: Australia made 6/148 in the only innings of another wet match against Yorkshire. He then hit form ahead of the Second Test, scoring 160 and taking a total of 5/34 in an innings win over Lancashire. After scoring 39 in the first innings in the Second Test at Lord's, Macartney took 1/90, removing centurion Jack Hobbs as England took a 92-run first innings lead. He then scored 133 not out in the second innings, to help to stave off defeat.Australia were 5/194 when the match ended, and were it not for <mask>'s effort could have been bowled out. Between Tests, Macartney scored 42 and 81 against Northamptonshire and Nottinghamshire respectively before taking 5/38 against Worcestershire. Australia won all three matches. In the Third Test at Headingley, Macartney became only the second batsman to score a century before lunch on the opening day of a Test. The match started poorly for Australia. English captain Arthur Carr won the toss and sent Australia in to bat after a thunderstorm on the previous day had turned the surface into a sticky wicket; Bardsley was then dismissed by the first ball for a golden duck. Macartney strode to the crease, surveyed the fielding positions and called down the wicket to the bowler Maurice Tate "Let's have it!"He nearly regretted his comment when he edged the ball to Carr at third slip from the fifth ball of the day. It was a difficult chance but the English skipper failed to hold the ball. <mask> was then on two. Within a few minutes, he had regained the initiative for the Australians. Utilising both conventional technique and audacious shots, Macartney


texts: pierced the field with a variety of cuts, hooks, pulls, drives and glances. He teased the fielders with deliberate deflections through the slips; his late cuts were described by Raymond Robertson-Glasgow as being "so late they are almost posthumous". <mask>'s attack helped his partner Bill Woodfull to settle in the difficult conditions.Macartney saved his severest hitting for George Macaulay, a medium pace swing bowler and off spinner whom he regarded as England's most potent bowler. Macartney had asked for and received permission from captain Herbie Collins to target Macaulay's bowling. By the end of the Australian innings, Macaulay had figures of 1/123 and was never to play against Australia again. <mask>'s confidence was such that he charged down the pitch to meet the medium pace bowlers, a dangerous tactic on a surface with erratic bounce. He reached 40 in as many minutes as Australia's total reached 50. Australia reached 100 in only 79 minutes with <mask> contributing 83 of those runs. Macartney reached his century in 103 minutes with the tourists on 131.By lunch, he had scored 112 in 116 minutes and he continued until the score reached 1/235, when he hit Macaulay to Patsy Hendren and was dismissed, having amassed 151 in 170 minutes. Former English captain Sir Pelham Warner said "I say without hesitation that I have never seen a greater innings... not even the immortal Victor Trumper could have played more finely". <mask>'s innings allowed Australia to accumulate a healthy first innings total of 494. He then took 2/51, removing Carr and Fender as England made 294 and were


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 forced to follow on; however, the Australians could not dismiss the hosts for a second time and the match ended in a draw. <mask> then made 106 in a non-first-class match against the West of Scotland, before hitting 109 in the Fourth Test at Old Trafford in a rain-affected draw; the match failed to reach the second innings. Macartney had scored three centuries in as many innings. <mask>'s form tailed off thereafter; in the following six weeks, he made only one score beyond 40 in 11 innings and took only three wickets in nine matches.This included the Fifth Test, when he scored 25 and 16 and failed to take a wicket as England won the Test by 289 runs and with it the Ashes. <mask> topped the batting averages with 473 runs at 94.60 and took four wickets at 53.75. Macartney returned to form in the final first-class fixture of the season with an unbeaten 100 against and England XI. <mask> decided to retire from Tests after the tour. He had taken part in twelve Test century partnerships, the highest being 235 with Woodfull in the Leeds Test. Career end

After his return to Australia, <mask> continued to play club cricket and turned out for a final first-class summer. At the start of the 1926–27 season, he captained a combined Sydney City team against a New South Wales country team, which included the then 18-year-old Bradman.<mask> scored 126 and Bradman 98 in a match viewed as a generational transition in Australian batting. He scored 114 in his opening first-class match of the season, and took wickets in each of his four matches. <mask> totalled 243 runs at 40.50 and took 11 wickets

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 at 17.82. In mid-1927 he toured Singapore and Malaya with Bert Oldfield's team and played in a series of non-first-class matches against local teams. In October 1929, he played for a New South Wales Cricket Association team against a series of local teams in the state's rural west. In 1935–36, <mask> was vice-captain to Jack Ryder, on the tour of India organised by Frank Tarrant; he also wrote forthright columns for The Hindu, covering the trip. At the time, India had only received its first official tour, by England, and Australia was not keen on sending a Test team there.Thus, while the Test team were in South Africa, Tarrant's party consisted mainly of retired Test cricketers in their mid-40s and beyond. In his return to first-class cricket after nine years, Macartney took 5/17 and 3/42 in the first international match against India, which the Australians won by eight wickets. He went wicketless as the series was squared in the second match, before taking 3/52 and 6/41 in the final match. Despite his nine wickets, Australia lost by 34 runs. Other notable performances included an 85 against Bengal and 3/45 and 3/47 against Madras. In the latter match, Macartney added 39 as the Australians scraped home by one wicket. Outside cricket
Macartney married Anna Bruce, a schoolteacher, at Chatswood Presbyterian Church in December 1921.At the time, the NSW Railway & Tramway Magazine noted that he was a "strict teetotaller and non-gambler" who loved his pipe, tennis and music. After his marriage, Macartney described himself as a civil servant while he was not engaged in cricketing


texts:
 activities. Like most Australian cricketers of his era, Macartney was Protestant, and a freemason. Macartney wrote for several Sydney newspapers, and between 1936 and 1942 regularly produced pieces for the Sydney Morning Herald. In 1930 he published the autobiographical My Cricketing Days. During the Second World War, he was a lieutenant in the amenities service of the Australian Defence Force, and afterwards was a personnel officer at Prince Henry Hospital. Childless, Macartney was predeceased by his wife.He died of coronary occlusion (heart attack) while at work in Little Bay, New South Wales, aged 72. In February 2007, Macartney was inducted into the Australian Cricket Hall of Fame along with Richie Benaud, making them the 26th and 27th inductees. Test match performance

Notes

References

External links

1886 births
1958 deaths
Australian Army soldiers
Australian Cricket Hall of Fame inductees
Australian cricketers
Australia Test cricketers
New South Wales cricketers
Otago cricketers
People from Maitland, New South Wales
Wisden Cricketers of the Year
Wisden Leading Cricketers in the World
Cricketers from New South Wales
Chatswood, New South Wales
Australian military personnel of World War I
Recipients of the Meritorious Service Medal (United


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<mask>  (April 23, 1941 – July 15, 1992) was an African-American woman who helped steer the United States Lesbian and Gay rights movement during the 1960s. She was a leader in the New York chapter of Daughters of Bilitis (DOB). Her influence helped the DOB move away from negotiating with medical professionals and towards tactics of public demonstrations. Her understanding of, and work in, the Civil Rights Movement lent valuable experience on public protest to the lesbian and gay movement. <mask> worked among activists such as Phyllis Lyon and Del Martin, Barbara Gittings, Franklin Kameny, and Randy Wicker. In the 1970s she became involved in the black feminist movement, in particular the organization Black Women Organized for Action (BWOA). Early life

<mask> was born in Indiana in 1941.Her given name was <mask> Delois Eppenger, though all her lesbian and gay activist work was done under the name <mask> to protect herself from being outed in circles where it was not safe to be open. She graduated from Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana in 1963. Her undergraduate degree was in Magazine Journalism with a minor in Government and Russian. She moved to New York City soon after graduation in 1963 at the age of twenty-two. Upon moving she came into a lesbian identity and her activism as a lesbian began. <mask> says of her sexual orientation:
“This was a kind of blank that had never been filled by anything- until after I came to New York…I didn’t know the term gay! And he [a gay male friend from Indiana who was living in New York] explained it to me.Then all of a sudden things began to click … the next thing on the agenda was to find a way of being in the homosexual movement." Political organizing in the LGBT community

<mask> began attending meetings of the New York Mattachine Society soon after she arrived in New York City, which led her to its sister organization DOB. In 1965, debates around the direction of the homophile movement were heating up. That same year <mask> marched in Philadelphia at the

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Ernestine Eckstein
Eckstein
Eckstein
Ernestine
Eckstein
Eckstein
Eckstein
Eckstein


texts: first Annual Reminder Day and in front of the White House as the only person of color demonstrating. The original Mattachine Society's “old guard” leaders (versus the independent Mattachine Society of Washington who initiated the 1965 protests) wanted to continue pursuing homosexual rights via negotiations with doctors and psychologists while the younger activist wing desired to take the issue of equal civil rights for homosexuals to the people through lobbying government officials and demonstrating. Psychologists considered homosexuality to be a mental illness until 1973, when it was removed from the Diagnostic and Statistics Manual in the third edition; until that point, homosexuality was perceived as a mental illness and therefore something to ‘fix’. This debate was equally strong within the DOB; <mask>'s appointment as DOB New York chapter Vice President indicated a strategic push by the activist wing.Marcia M. Gallo writes, “Her [<mask>’s] plan was to reach out to women who saw the gay struggle as linked to other civil rights issues and hope that during her time as vice president of the local chapter she would help build a more social action oriented group". During the time that <mask> was involved in DOB, until 1968, the “old guard” was still controlling the organization. In June 1965, DOB actually pulled out of the East Coast Homophile Organization (ECHO) because the coalition was increasing its involvement in protests for lesbian and gay rights. <mask> was an important lesbian representative of the activist wing. She understood that she was living through a huge tactical shift for lesbian and gay activists and that it was an uphill battle. She said, “I think our movement is not ready for any forms of civil disobedience. I think this would solidify resistance to our cause.This situation will change eventually. But not now". <mask> believed that there should be a concentration on, “the discrimination by the government in employment and military service, the laws used against homosexuals,” and, “the

masks: Eckstein Eckstein Eckstein Eckstein Eckstein


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 rejection by the churches". <mask>, like the founder of the Black Panther Party, Huey Newton, saw the connection between black American's struggle for equality during the Civil Rights Movement and the lesbian and gay struggle for equality and fostered the connection. To this day, many groups still do not acknowledge the connection between gay rights and rights for people of color. It was not until 2012 that Ben Jealous, President and CEO of the  National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) declared, "Civil marriage is a civil right and a matter of civil law," confirming that LGBT rights are now acknowledged as civil rights struggles by the NAACP. <mask>’s correspondence with Frank Kameny
Frank Kameny was one of the most significant figures in the American gay rights movement, co-founding the Mattachine Society of Washington (MSW), and, inspired by Stokely Carmichael's creation of the phrase Black is beautiful, created the slogan “Gay is Good” for the gay civil rights movement.In late 1965 and early 1966, <mask> Ecsktein and Frank Kameny corresponded by letters about <mask>'s wish to bring Kameny to speak on April 17, 1966 at DOB headquarters in New York City. <mask> wanted Kameny's help to reinforce to DOB officers and members the need for activism and activist strategies and tactics in moving forward the lesbian and gay movement. Ecsktein, writing to Kameny on February 12, 1966 said, “I want you to be free enough to say whatever you want, so to speak – about any aspect of the movement. Keep in mind my particular aim: to get these people to realize there is such a thing as the homophile movement and possibly begin to develop a fuller concept of themselves as part of it.”  However, in a letter dated February 17, 1966, <mask> informs Kameny that the DOB organization had decided to disinvite Kameny to speak at DOB. After three years in New York with the DOB Eckstein moved to Northern California to “focus on social justice issues…[she] joined Black Women Organized for Action…in the early

masks: Eckstein Eckstein Ernestine Eckstein Eckstein Eckstein


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 1970s". Much less is known about <mask> after she left New York. Interviews with previous DOB members revealed, “<mask> had gotten tired of all the political wrangling and disagreements within DOB over strategies and tactics” and wanted “more political organization.” She left the movement on the East Coast for other political work advocating for women of color in California.Political organizing in the Black feminist community

<mask>'s involvement with political activism started in the Civil Rights Movement at Indiana State, as a NAACP chapter officer. But <mask> understood organizations like NAACP as, “structured with the white liberals in mind” and joined more progressive organizations like Congress on Racial Equality (CORE) once she moved to New York. Upon moving to the west coast, <mask> joined the radical, activist group Black Women Organized for Action (BWOA). BWOA was a San Francisco organization collectively co-founded in 1973 by fifteen women including Aileen Hernandez, Patsy Fulcher, and Eleanor Spikes. The organization, “formed in the San Francisco Bay Area in response to the lack of representation of Black women in local women's organizing". The group emerged from Black Women Organized for Political Action (BWOPA). BWOPA, which functioned in an auxiliary fundraising role for men of color running for office, and had many members who wanted to shift to a space explicitly defined by Black women's concerns.“Though members had strong roots in the Civil Rights Movement … more so than any of the other organizations, BWOA exhibits a clear link to the Women's Movement". BWOA was among the first Black feminist organizations in the United States. The fact that <mask> chose to join BWOA reflects her radical political beliefs. The organization had a truly progressive model of collective responsibility and political philosophy. “The organization was structured so that leadership, work, and community involvement were shared among members willing to participate, and “a system of, three coordinators for a

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 three-month tenure” was utilized. This created an emphasis on fostering Black women as leaders while simultaneously avoiding a hierarchy among Black female activists. This was a rare structure in comparison to sister organizations.The three-month terms were a part of the organization's larger political perspective that did not mandate that its members hold specific stances on political issues. Historian Kimberly Springer writes, “Members were free to choose the activities in which they participated and they were not obligated to subscribe to an organizationally-dictated political perspective. …The survival of Black communities … did not depend on one solution but on the conscious, consistent political awareness of the communities' members". The BWOA Statement of Purpose reads:

BLACK We are Black and therefore imbedded in our consciousness is commitment to the struggle of Black people for identity and involvement in decisions that affect our lives and the lives of other generations of Black people who will follow. WOMEN We are Women, and therefore aware of the sometimes blatant, waste of the talents and energies of Black women because this society has decreed a place for us. ORGANIZED we are Organized, because we recognize that only together, only by pooling our talents and resources, can we make major change in the institutions which have limited our opportunities and stifled our growth as human beings. ACTION We are for Action, because we believe that the time for rhetoric is past; that the skills of Black women can best be put to use in a variety of ways to change the society; that, in the political work in which we live, involvement for Black women must go beyond the traditional fundraising and into the full gamut of activities that make up the political process which affects our lives in so many ways.The organization's careful use of terms such as “feminist” and “Black” that could potentially alienate or divide their membership encouraged the non-hierarchical atmosphere. Springer writes: “The BWOA


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 subverted discrimination within Black communities based on color, physical appearance, or class by welcoming all Black women into the organization. The organization focused on activism, rather than social constructions of beauty or social class. ... BWOA’s avoidance of the label ‘feminism’ while practicing feminism was indicative of future developments in Black feminist organizing". The BWOA lasted from 1973 to 1980 with a 400-person membership at its height. There was no one factor that caused the group to stop meeting actively, but the rise in conservatism with the election of Ronald Reagan as President in 1980 caused members to “determine that 1960s strategies would not be effective". One unusual factor in <mask>'s involvement in BWOA is that it “did not interrogate heterosexism as an oppressive force in Black women’s lives".Political views

<mask> was one of the most progressive thinkers of her time in the gay and lesbian political movement as well as in the Black Feminist movement. Her understanding of the successes of the Civil Rights Movement influenced her beliefs about political organizing. She saw demonstrations as, “one of the very first steps towards changing society". In 1966, three years before the  Stonewall Rebellion in 1969 that sparked annual Gay Pride marches beginning in 1970, while many white gay and lesbian activists were still struggling with direct action as a feasible tactic <mask> said, “Picketing I regard as almost a conservative act now. The homosexual has to call attention to the fact that he’s been unjustly acted upon. This is what the Negro did". At a time when much of the activism regarding lesbian and gay rights was done for, by, and about white people, <mask> was leading an extremely active, majority white, DOB chapter and advocating for coalition-based politics.She understood that her views were coming from what might be described as a more inclusive analysis than many White gay or lesbian activists who often only did work around gay or lesbian issues. She said, “I think

masks: Eckstein Eckstein Eckstein Eckstein


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 if we meet on the common ground of our unjust position in society, then we can go from there. This is a new frame of reference, a new way of thinking almost, for some". <mask>'s beliefs toward political coalition work and organizing differed than that of many other separatist leaning gay and lesbian people in the 1960s. <mask> said:
“I think Negroes need white people, and I think homosexuals need heterosexuals. If you foster cooperation right from the start, then everyone is involved and it’s not a movement over there". “I would like to see in the homophile movement more people who can think.And I don’t believe we ought to look at their titles or at their sexual orientation. Movements should be intended, I feel, to erase labels, whether ‘black’ or ‘white’ or ‘homosexual’ or ‘heterosexual". “I’d like to find a way of getting all classes of homosexuals involved together in the movement”. June 1966 interview in The Ladder

Much of what is known about <mask>'s beliefs and life is taken from an interview in The Ladder in June 1966. <mask> was one of two women of color to be featured on the cover of this landmark lesbian political publication. The importance of <mask>'s issue of The Ladder should not be underestimated: “Her image on the cover, and her ideas throughout the pages of The Ladder, helped greatly to complicate notions of the kinds of women who were involved in DOB and expanded definitions of lesbian identity". Her coverage in  The Ladder is the only known published piece that substantially features <mask>.Later life

At this time virtually nothing is known of <mask>'s life after she became a part of BWOA. According to the Social Security Death Index, <mask> <mask> (<mask> D. Eppenger) died in San Pablo, California in 1992. Other
Season 4 episode 9 of the podcast Making Gay History is about <mask>. References

1941 births
1992 deaths
LGBT rights activists from the United States
LGBT people from Indiana
LGBT African Americans
Daughters of Bilitis members
Activists from Indiana
Indiana University

masks: Eckstein Eckstein Eckstein Eckstein Eckstein Eckstein Eckstein Ernestine Eckstein Ernestine Eckstein


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<mask><mask> (born May 30, 1952) is an American writer of comic books, mystery novels, and science fiction novels. <mask> has written for every one of the first four incarnations of Star Trek: Star Trek, Star Trek: The Next Generation, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine and Star Trek: Voyager, in either comic book or other media. Career

Comics
<mask>'s debut as a comics professional came in DC Comics' Detective Comics #444 (Dec. 1974–Jan. 1975), for which he wrote an eight-page back-up mystery feature starring the Elongated Man. Another Elongated Man story followed in Detective Comics #453 (Nov. 1975). He wrote text articles and editorial replies in letter columns for the next few years. By mid-1980 he was writing regularly for both DC and Marvel, including stories for Mystery in Space, Green Lantern, The Brave and the Bold, Marvel Team-Up, and a Spider-Man/Scarlet Witch team-up in Marvel Fanfare #6.Legion of Super-Heroes #277 (July 1981) saw him take on editorial duties at DC, a position he would hold until 1987. In December 1982, he and artist Brian Bolland began Camelot 3000, a 12 issue limited series that was one of DC Comics' first direct market projects. <mask> and artist Trevor Von Eeden produced the first Green Arrow limited series in 1983. When the long running The Brave and the Bold series came to its conclusion with issue #200 (July 1983), it featured a preview of a new Batman series, Batman

masks:
Mike W
. Barr
Barr
Barr
Barr


texts: and the Outsiders by <mask> and artist Jim Aparo, which would be described by DC Comics writer and executive Paul Levitz as being "a team series more fashionable to 1980s audiences." The Masters of Disaster were among the supervillains created by <mask> and Aparo for the series. <mask> wrote every issue of the original series, and its Baxter paper spinoff, The Outsiders that did not include Batman and introduced Looker. After the series' cancellation in February 1988, it was revived in November 1993 by <mask> and artist Paul Pelletier.He was one of the contributors to the DC Challenge limited series in 1986 and wrote the "Batman: Year Two" storyline in Detective Comics #575–578 (June–Sept. 1987) which followed up on Frank Miller's "Batman: Year One". <mask> introduced the Reaper in Detective Comics #575 (June 1987) and returned to the character in the Batman: Full Circle one-shot in 1991. Another project from 1987 was the Batman: Son of the Demon graphic novel which was drawn by Jerry Bingham, proceeds from which reputedly "restored DC Comics to first place in sales after fifteen years." This title, and <mask>'s work on Batman with artist Alan Davis have been cited by Grant Morrison as key inspirations for his own run on the Batman title. <mask>'s sequel, Batman: Bride of The Demon, was published in 1991. <mask>'s Batman stories and scripts have been adapted into several mediums, including for

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 episodes of Batman: The Animated Series.From 1989 to 1990, he took over DC's Doc Savage series from Dennis O'Neil, which saw the 1930s super-scientist taken to the present day. It was also notable as featuring Doc Savage's first-ever team-up with The Shadow, another popular hero of the pulp magazine era and inspiration for Batman. The two characters appeared together in a four-issue story, The Conflagration Man, that crossed back and forth between each character's DC comic book series. In 2007, he wrote a two-part story for the pages of DC's JLA: Classified (#47–48, Jan–Feb 2008), returned to the Outsiders with Outsiders: Five of a Kind — Katana/Shazam #1 (Oct. 2007), contributed to Tokyopop's Star Trek: The Manga, and relaunched Maze Agency at IDW Publishing. He has scripted many of Bongo Comics' The Simpsons titles, including a Christmas story for 2010. His other comics work includes Mantra for Malibu Comics and Maze Agency for Comico Comics and Innovation Publishing. Prose
In May 2010, the Invisible College Press published <mask>'s science fiction/fantasy novel, Majician/51, about the discoveries of a scientist working at Area 51.<mask> contributed to the Silver Age Sentinels short story anthologies from Guardians of Order. 2 #27 (2014)
 Doc Savage #7–24, Annual #1 (1989–1990)
 Elvira's House of Mystery #7 (1986)
 The Flash #313 (1982)
 Green Arrow #1–4 (1983)
 Green Lantern #131, 154–165

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 (1980–1983)
 Heroes Against Hunger #1 (1986)
 House of Mystery #269, 279, 285, 288, 291, 320 (1979–1983)
 JLA: Classified #47–48 (2008)
 JSA: Classified #38–39 (2008)
 Justice League Adventures #8 (2002)
 Mystery in Space #111–112, 115–117 (1980–1981)
 The New Teen Titans #37 (1983)
 The Outsiders #1–28, Annual #1, Special #1 (1985–1988)
 The Outsiders vol. 2 #1–24, #0 (1993–1995)
 The Outsiders: Five of a Kind – Katana/Shazam #1
 Saga of the Swamp Thing #2–8 (Phantom Stranger backup stories) (1982)
 Secret Origins vol. 2 #6, 10, 44, 47 (1986–1990)
 Secrets of Haunted House #15, 28 (1979–1980)
 The Shadow Strikes #5–6 (1990)
 Showcase '93 #4–5 (1993)
 Star Trek #1–16, Annual #1–2, Movie Special #1–2 (1984–1987)
 Star Trek: Deep Space Nine/Star Trek: The Next Generation #1–2 (1994)
 Star Trek: The Next Generation Annual #4 (1993)
 Superman 80–Page Giant #1 (1999)
 Tales of the Green Lantern Corps #1–3 (1981)
 Time Warp #1, 3 (1980)
 The Unexpected #192, 196, 200, 205–213 (1979–1981)
 Weird War Tales #70, 84, 93, 99–100, 106–108 (1978–1982)
 World's Finest Comics #274–278, 282–284, 288, 300 (1981–1984)

First Comics
 E-Man vol. 2 #4 (1983)

IDW Publishing
 Maze Agency #1–2 (2005)

Innovation Publishing
 Maze Agency #8–23, Special #1 (1989–1991)

Malibu Comics
 Break-Thru #1–2 (1993–1994)
 Godwheel #3 (1995)
 Lord Pumpkin/Necromantra #1–4 (1995)
 Mantra #1–24, Giant-Size #1 (1993–1995)
 Mantra:


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 Spear of Destiny #1–2 (1995)
 Sludge #4, 12 (1994)
 Ultraverse Zero: The Death of the Squad #1 (1995)
 Wrath #1–6, 8–9, Giant-Size #1 (1994)

Marvel Comics
 The Amazing Spider-Man #220 (1981)
 Captain America #241, 257 (1980–1981)
 Mandrake the Magician #1–2 (1995)
 Mantra vol. 2 #∞, 1, 3 (1995)
 Marvel Fanfare #6 (Spider-Man/Scarlet Witch); #46 (Fantastic Four); #49 (Two-Gun Kid) (1983–1990)
 Marvel Preview #23 (1980)
 Marvel Spotlight vol. 2 #8 (Captain Marvel) (1980)
 Marvel Team-Up #101–102, 105 (1981)
 Power Man and Iron Fist #76 (1981)
 Shroud #1–4 (1994)
 Solo Avengers #8 (Henry Pym) (1988)
 Spider-Man Unlimited #1 (1993)
 Star Trek #5–6, 17 (1980–1981)
 Star Wars #49 (1981)
 What If...?#26 (Captain America); #28 (Daredevil) (1981)

Television
Batman: The Animated Series (1993)
"Paging the Crime Doctor" (ep.53 story with Laren Bright,teleplay by Randy Rogel and Martin Pasko)

References

External links

 "DC Profiles #33: <mask><mask>" at the Grand Comics Database
 <mask><mask> at <mask>'s Amazing World of Comics
 <mask><mask> at the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators

1952 births
20th-century American short story writers
21st-century American novelists
American comics writers
American male novelists
American male short story writers
American science fiction writers
Comic book editors
Inkpot Award winners
Living people
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American

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Mike W
. Barr
Mike
Mike W
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<mask> (born 9 March 1979) is an English folk musician. He is known for his distinctive voice and understated songwriting, and uses specially adapted instruments for people with disabilities. His 2012 album Reaching for a State of Mind was made with percussionist Chip Bailey, a collaborator of Duke Special, and won critical acclaim as having lyrical vulnerability and imaginative musical settings. Music Republic Magazine described <mask> as "A triple threat, a fine songwriter, a unique vocal talent and a talented multi-instrumentalist/performer". Career
The son of a Wolverhampton community radio pioneer, <mask> was inspired by his father's record collection, gaining a "deep respect for song-writing technique". After stints performing with Naomi (1998–2000) and fronting rock band Sonara, who performed at Reading Festival, <mask> went solo in 2007. He has since supported such acts as Maria McKee, Julian Cope, Peter Green, Josh Ritter, Caitlin Rose, 10cc, World Party, Joseph Arthur, Willy Mason and Simone Felice, as well as Eddi Reader, The Little Unsaid, Kris Drever and Joan As Policewoman.<mask> released his debut record, the seven-track The Balloon EP, in 2009. This was followed by The Bubble EP later that year. Lead track, You Can't Give Me Anymore, was described as being reminiscent "of waves crashing on a beach." The track also featured <mask>'s first collaboration with pedal steel guitar player B. J. Cole. His final release of 2009 was The Box EP. Collectively, the three 2009 EPs form a trilogy exploring themes of "life, love, loss and happiness." <mask>'s self-titled debut album was released in 2012, and was partially recorded in the songwriter's

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Dan Whitehouse
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 flat over a period of time with acoustic instrumentation.The album also included Theremin, an electric screwdriver, and, on the song "My Stupid Face", ambient sounds recorded at Birmingham shopping centre the Bullring. ."

In 2013, <mask> released his more ambitious second full album, Reaching for a State of Mind. Recorded in a professional studio with producer Michael Clarke and a full band, notable guests included Ezio guitarist Booga, Helen Lancaster from folk act The Old Dance School, Fairport Convention's PJ Wright, and Duke Special's percussionist Chip Bailey. The album's 11 tracks were culled from an initial long-list of 35 home-recorded demos". Despite the inclusion of two notable folk musicians, the album is described as sitting "within a fairly wide spectrum of pop-rock-folk-Americana-roots influences." Artree described the album as "more intricately crafted and refined" than previous work, and a "musical evolution." The album was launched at The Crescent Theatre, Birmingham, in September 2013, with a special guest appearance from Duke Special. The show was a sell-out.After an opening solo set, Duke later joined <mask> on stage for a version of Neil Young's Helpless. Four previously unreleased tracks recording during the Reaching for a State Of Mind sessions were later released as Reaching for a Further State of Mind EP. In 2014, <mask> toured North America for the first time with accordion-playing German-American singer-songwriter Anja McCloskey, and released a joint-EP, Still, which was recorded in Birmingham. The two met while at university together in London, and Anja has described their collaboration as "alternative folk." During August

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 2014, <mask> performed at Moseley Folk Festival between The Felice Brothers and Richard Thompson where he performed material from his third album Raw State. The album features both new tracks and reimagined versions of previously released songs, and was produced by <mask> Wilson and Chris Clarke of Danny and the Champions of the World. The album continues <mask>'s collaboration with B. J. Cole.<mask> signed to Reveal Records for his fourth album, 2016's Introducing. He also released a series of EPs, the fourth of which, EP 4: Sings Boo, saw <mask> tackle songs either written wholly by, or co-written by Boo Hewerdine. During 2016/2017, <mask> began working with Birmingham-based singer-songwriter and pianist <mask> on her debut recording. The album, Silence Set Me Free was released in February 2018 with <mask> acting as producer and co-writer, as well as playing on the tracks. Dreamland Tomorrow
After four years, <mask>'s third album for Reveal was released in May 2020. Entitled Dreamland Tomorrow the 22 track collection was produced by Boo Hewerdine and Reveal record label boss Tom Rose, and featured contributions from John Elliott (The Little Unsaid), Eric Lane (Joan As Police Woman) minimalist composer Richard J. Birkin, Emily Barker, and BBC Jazz Award winning Saxophonist Xhosa Cole. The album was pulled together from a collection of around 70 demos.Disc 1 is described as "experimental" while disc 2 is "rawer, more live setting". FolkRadio stated that Dreamland Tomorrow unveiled "a strikingly new maturity and willingness to push the envelope," which saw <mask> "adopting an experimental approach and more expansive sound palette." NorthernSky observed

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Danny George
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Danielle Cawdell
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 the experimental material was "reminiscent of Scott Walker’s more adventurous exploits" while England On Sunday asked "is <mask> the David Bowie of folk?" The release was complemented by the 6-track Dreamland Live EP, featuring live versions of selected album tracks, alongside several remixes, including Tomorrow by Gustaf Ljunggren. <mask> extended the textural approach featured on the first part of the album for his soundtrack to Charlie Chaplin's The Vagabond - a commission for Birmingham Comedy Festival 2020. Sound
<mask>'s music has been described as "romanticist folk" and "alternative folk rock on a grand imposing scale". South Wales Evening Post described <mask> as a "reflective songwriter ... a sensitive singer, with blues and folk leanings.".He has also been compared to Nick Drake and Richard Hawley, "an artist to whom he should both be justly compared and share the same sort of critical acclaim." Reviewing Reaching For A State Of Mind, Folking praised the album's "searing honesty"

Reviewing 2020's Dreamland Tomorrow, FRUK described <mask> as "a master craftsman and wordsmith." <mask> cites artists such as The Beatles, Neil Young, Bob Dylan, Elton John, Bob Dylan, Otis Redding, eels and John Grant as among his influences. Discography

EPs

Albums

Additional appearances
2018: Silence Set Me Free – <mask> (10-track album released via The Heantun Recording Co; co-writer, producer and musician)

References

External links
 Official Website
 Bandcamp Page on Bandcamp
 Official <mask>house channel on YouTube
 Official <mask>house channel on SoundCloud

1979 births
Living people
English folk singers
English songwriters
English

masks:
Dan Whitehouse
Dan
Dan Whitehouse
Whitehouse
Whitehouse
Whitehouse
Danielle Cawdell
Dan White
Dan White


texts:
<mask> (, or Dhikru'lláh Khádim; 1904–1986) was an Iranian follower of the Baháʼí Faith, appointed for life by the head of the Faith to a select leadership role as a Hand of the Cause in February 1952. The 27 Hands played a key role in the transition of power in the religion during the leadership crisis after the death of Shoghi Effendi in 1957. After his appointment in 1952, he dedicated himself full-time to serve the Baháʼí Faith and travelled extensively throughout Iran, Africa, Europe, the USA, and at least 50 countries around the world. In the 1960s <mask> and fellow Hand William Sears were the two most prominent Baháʼí figures in the Western hemisphere, and were responsible for both spreading the religion and maintaining its unity. Before 1952, he worked for a British oil company in southern Iran and the Iraqi Embassy in Tehran. He had proficiency in Persian, Arabic, English, and French that he used to translate works and communicate with diverse audiences. He authored several articles in Persian and English, a book about Shoghi Effendi in Persian, and 134 volumes documenting all Baháʼí holy places, submitted in 1977 at the request of the Universal House of Justice.Background
<mask> was born in Tehran in 1904, the second child of Nasru'lláh and Rádiyyih. His father served ʻAbdu'l-Bahá in ʻAkká in the 1890s and received the title ʻKhádim (servant) from him, which was adopted as the family's surname. <mask> taught briefly at the Tarbiyat Baháʼí school in Tehran, then worked for the Anglo-Persian Oil Company as chief interpreter and director of education, teaching Persian to the English-speaking employees. He was then selected to be the personal assistant to the British general manager of the company. <mask> first went on pilgrimage to the Baháʼí World Centre in 1925, where he met Shoghi Effendi – a meeting that he said transformed his life. While there he assisted with some of the layout of

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Zikrullah Khadem
Khadem
Khadem
Zikrullah
Khadem


texts:
 the Shrine of the Báb. In 1930 he left the oil company and began work as a secretary of the Iraqi embassy in Tehran, which benefitted from his multilingual fluency.He married Javidukht Javid on 3 October 1933, and later had five children: Mozhan, Jena, Riaz, Ramin and May. Unusually for Iranians in those days, he encouraged his wife to pursue academic aspirations, and she received a bachelor's degree from the University of Tehran. Along with his wife, throughout the 1930s and 40s he travelled around Iran visiting nearly every city on assignments from Shoghi Effendi, visiting new believers and photographing sites of historical significance. While visiting Nayriz, he was temporarily jailed. He also made several more trips to Haifa in 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, and 1951. <mask> served on the National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of Iran from 1938 to 1960 (though his memorial in the Baháʼí News Service gives the dates as 1949-1960) and served as its treasurer in the 1950s. Between 1940 and 1957, <mask> was the main conduit for communications from Shoghi Effendi to Baháʼí institutions and individuals in Iran.During WWII, as there was no postal service, he personally arranged message delivery, even chartering private planes to move mail. <mask> was responsible for securing and transporting several artifacts related to the early development of the religion, such as an original Kitáb-i-Íqán in ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's handwriting (with notations by Baha'u'llah) and the sword of Mullá Husayn, which is currently held at the Baháʼí World Centre archives. As a Hand of the Cause
<mask> was still attached to the embassy in Tehran when in February of 1952 he received a notice from Shoghi Effendi appointing him as a Hand of the Cause, the highest appointed role in the religion. Only 50 were ever appointed, and the title is no longer given out. Having prospered as a real estate developer, he determined to carry out all

masks: Khadem Khadem Khadem Khadem


texts:
 his services at his own expense. He subsequently worked full-time for Shoghi Effendi, travelling initially to a Baháʼí conference in Rome in March, and then to all the Baháʼí centers in Europe. Bessie Neill, writing for The Press Democrat, wrote of his travels in 1963:

He travelled to over 50 countries from 1953 to 1963, and over 1,000 Baháʼí communities, becoming one of the most widely-travelled and respected Baháʼís in the world.For example, Hugh Adamson wrote of his travels,

Leadership crisis
The religion went through a crisis from 1957 to 1963. Shoghi Effendi died on 4 November 1957 without having appointed a successor, and the 27 living Hands gathered in a series of 6 confidential conclaves (or signed agreements if they were absent) to decide how to navigate the uncharted situation. <mask> and the rest made an announcement on 25 November 1957 to assume control of the Faith, certified that Shoghi Effendi had left no will or appointment of successor, said that no appointment could have been made, and elected 9 of their members to reside at the Baháʼí World Centre in Haifa to represent the body of the Hands and to exercise the executive functions of the Guardian (these were known as the Custodians). From October to December in 1958 <mask> <mask> substituted as a member of the nine custodial Hands in Haifa, then continued travelling. In late 1959 <mask> dedicated himself to moving to the western hemisphere, but it took him almost a year to resolve affairs in Iran before he moved to the United States in 1960. He was the first Hand of the Cause to reside in the western hemisphere, and for some time he was the only Hand serving throughout north and south America. In the United States
<mask> and his wife initially resided in Champaign, Illinois, then in Urbana, Illinois.He made particular effort to visit the native peoples of America. In 1962, he played a key role in bringing the Baháʼí Faith to

masks: Khadem Zikrullah Khadem Khadem Khadem


texts:
 the Navajo Indian Reservation in Arizona, and his wife post humously established a scholarship in his name for health education among the native population. In 1963 the Hands called for the election of the Universal House of Justice and exempted themselves from eligibility. <mask> attended the election, after which the custodial Hands of the Cause closed their office. <mask> encouraged Baháʼís to be obedient to the new institution. The family spent two years in Staten Island, New York from 1965-1967, then in 1967 they moved to Evanston, Illinois, and finally Skokie, Illinois. By 1971 he was one of only 17 Hands of the Cause still living.In 1972 the Universal House of Justice asked <mask> to research and document places and people of historical significance to Baháʼís, which he concluded in 1977 with a 134-volume work that was submitted to the Universal House of Justice. Burial

<mask> passed away on the morning of 13 November 1986. His funeral service was held Saturday, 15 November 1986, and he was interred the same day at Memorial Park Cemetery in Skokie, Illinois, a few miles west of the Baháʼí House of Worship. In the afternoon of the 15th there was a large memorial gathering at the House of Worship. After he died there were 8 remaining Hands of the Cause still alive. Four years after his passing, his wife, Javadukht <mask>, published the biography <mask> <mask>, With Love (1990), which she later expanded and published in Persian and Spanish. Notes

References

External links
Zikrullah and Javidukht Khadem Foundation, a non-profit organization founded in 2004 and inspired by the work of Zikhrullah <mask>.<mask> <mask> - interview by the Baha'i periodicals office, 19 September 1981. <mask> <mask> - biographical video
Jena <mask> - interview about Mr. <mask> with his daughter
 Zikhrullah <mask> at Find-a-Grave.com

<mask>, Dhikru'llah
Hands of the Cause
1904 births
1986 deaths
20th-century

masks: Khadem Khadem Khadem Khadem Khadem Zikrullah Khadem Khadem Zikrullah Khadem Zikrullah Khadem Khadem Khadem Khadem Khadem


texts:
<mask> (2 October 1893 – 10 April 1983)  was a French politician who was Minister of Merchant Marine (twice), Minister of Labor and Social Assurance (twice) and Minister of the Interior in various short-lived cabinets between December 1932 and February 1934. While he was Minister of Interior, right-wing groups organized street demonstrations in Paris on 6 February 1934 in which the police shot dead fourteen people. In the aftermath the cabinet was forced to resign. <mask> supported Republican institutions, but by the late 1930s was a committed pacifist. In July 1940 he voted for the constitutional change that established the collaborationist Vichy government. As a result, he was barred from politics after the war. Early years (1883–1924)

<mask> was born on 2 October 1893 in Montargis, Loiret.He became an attorney at the Paris court of appeal, and a publicist. In the general election of 1919 he ran for Loiret at the head of the Republican Concentration and Renovation list, but was not elected. Political career (1924–41)

Deputy (1924–32)
On 11 May 1924 <mask> ran again as candidate of the Left Union, and was elected. He joined the Socialist group in the chamber. He was reelected in the first round for the Montargis constituency on the list of the Union of Radical Lefts and Socialists. He joined the committees on Foreign Affairs and on Public Works & Communications. He was reelected in the first round in 1932.Cabinet positions (1932–34)

<mask> was under secretary of state for the president of the council from 18 December 1932 to 28 January 1933 in the cabinet of Joseph Paul-Boncour. He was Minister of Merchant Marine from 31 January 1933 to 24 October 1933 in the cabinet of Édouard Daladier. He was Minister of Labor and Social Assurance from 26 October 1933 to 23 November

masks:
Eugène Frot
Frot
Eugène Frot
Frot
Frot


texts:
 1933 in the cabinet of Albert Sarraut. He was Minister of Merchant Marine from 26 November 1933 to 9 January 1934. He was Minister of Labor and Social Assurance from 9 January 1934 to 27 January 1934. Minister of interior (30 January 1934 – 7 February 1934)

On 30 January 1934 <mask> was appointed Minister of the Interior in Daladier's new cabinet. Right wing groups began rumors that <mask> was the leader of a group of Daladier's ministers who aimed to establish a "dictatorship of the left".These groups organized a street demonstration on 6 February 1934 in Paris that turned into a riot. The police opened fire on the demonstrators. Fourteen were killed, 57 received bullet wounds and 655 were injured. One policeman was killed. <mask> remained at the Ministry of the Interior that evening trying to track what was happening, but was handicapped by wildly inaccurate reports that did not mention civilian casualties but stressed violence against the police. Daladier, several ministers and senior officials gathered at the Ministry of the Interior, where <mask> recommended declaration of a state of siege, preventative arrests and a ban on arms sales. He was opposed by Charles Donat-Guigue, the attorney general, on various legal and constitutional grounds.After Donat-Guigue left <mask> gave Perrier, the head of police intelligence, authority to arrest extreme right and extreme left leaders other than municipal councilors, members of parliament, journalists and ancien combattants. After the others had left, <mask> requisitioned army units, launched investigations against the right-wing leaders Charles Maurras and Maurice Pujo, called for an interim ban on all public demonstrations and informed the press and radio of the measures taken. He said "Tomorrow we may have to defend order

masks: Frot Frot Frot Frot Frot Frot


texts:
 again; we will do so for France and the Republic." The police were not effective in their preventative arrests. They could not find Pujo. Maurras, who was soundly sleeping, did not open his door. The Garde Républicaine and the police were demoralized, blaming the authorities for the trouble as much as the crowds.The next morning <mask> received reports that the demonstrations would resume, with the protesters now carrying guns and grenades. He was told the Croix-de-Feu and Action Française were coordinating their actions, and the latter had condemned <mask> to death. <mask> sent a message to Daladier recommending that he resign to avoid civil war. <mask> resigned, and at 1:30 pm Daladier also resigned. Deputy (1934–41)

In the aftermath the Action Française journal accused Daladier, <mask>, Pierre Cot and Léon Blum of having attempted a coup d'état, and called for them to be punished for the massacre of innocents. <mask> was accused of having ordered his armed agents to fire on unarmed people. He was called the "minister with bloody hands" and "Frot the executioner" (Frot-le-fusilleur).He was ostracized by his colleagues. A group called the "Avocats du 6 Février", members of the Camelots du Roi, tried to prevent <mask> working as an attorney, and started fights whenever <mask> entered the Palais de Justice. When <mask> campaigned in 1935 for the Popular Front he was harassed by Camelots wherever he spoke in France. Nevertheless, <mask> was reelected in the first round on 26 April 1936. He sat with the Socialist and Republican Union, but was less active in the chamber. <mask> vacillated in his political positions. The pacifist Léon Emery stated at the 1935 congress of the Ligue des droits de l'homme, "Parliament has, in the last twenty years, done nothing for democracy ...

masks: Frot Frot Frot Frot Frot Frot Frot Frot Frot Frot Frot


texts:
 the distrinction between fascist states and democratic ones is merely a question of degree and not a fundamental one."<mask> spoke out against this position, saying "parliament is, after all ... the reflection of the wishes of universal suffrage." This drew boos that forced him to leave the podium. By the late 1930s he had joined the extreme pacifists. During World War II (1939–45) he voted on 10 July 1940 in favor of the constitutional law that gave full powers to Marshal Philippe Pétain. Later career (1941–83)

<mask> published articles in René Château's collaborationist paper France Socialiste. He agreed to sit in the Vichy National Council, but soon resigned, and in 1941 refused to enter the government of Admiral François Darlan. In 1941–42 he wrote a number of articles that defended the Republic.He helped the Nord movement but did not actively participate in the French Resistance. After the Liberation of France the jury of honor declared he was ineligible for elective office due to his vote on 10 July 1940. He resumed his career as an attorney for a short period, then became involved in company management. <mask> died on 10 April 1983 in Château-Landon, Seine-et-Marne. Notes

Sources

Further reading

1893 births
1983 deaths
People from Montargis
Politicians from Centre-Val de Loire
French Section of the Workers' International politicians
Socialist Republican Union politicians
French Ministers of Merchant Marine
French Ministers of Labour and Social Affairs
French interior ministers
Members of the 13th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Members of the 14th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Members of the 15th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
Members of the 16th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
People of Vichy

masks:
Frot
Frot
Eugène Frot


texts:
<mask>, also known as <mask>, (November 24, 1914 – December 30, 2009) was a writer, nurse, physical therapist, inventor and forensic scientist. Early life
<mask> was born on November 24, 1914. A native of Virginia, Blount was born in the Hickory, Virginia community, in Princess Anne County (now known as the city of Chesapeake). Education
Blount attended Diggs Chapel Elementary School in Hickory, Virginia, a school built after the Civil War for the education of African American children. In an interview with the Virginian, <mask> recalled that her school “didn’t have textbooks. [They] later got them from the white schools.” While attending Diggs Chapel, Blount's teacher reprimanded her for writing with her left hand by rapping her knuckles, a form of discipline used at the time to teach students proper writing etiquette. Blount took this as a challenge to be ambidextrous.Even though her right hand became her primary writing hand, she maintained her ability to write with her left hand as well. She also taught herself to write without the use of her hands by holding a pencil with her teeth and feet. This skill was useful in her career later on, helping her teach others to operate without one or more limbs. After the sixth grade, there were no more educational resources for African American children in her community, forcing Blount to stop her education. The family then relocated north to New Jersey, where Blount remained self-taught and obtained her GED. She attended Community Kennedy Memorial Hospital's nurse's program, in Newark, New Jersey. After obtaining her Nursing degree, she continued her education at Panzer College of Physical Education and Hygiene in East Orange, New Jersey and became a  physical therapist.In 2008, <mask> <mask> returned home to Hickory to memorialize the significance of her primary school, which had been burned to the ground

masks:
Bessie Virginia Bnt
Bessie Bnt Griffin
Bessie Bnt Griffin
Griffin
Bessie
Griffin


texts:
 in 1932. No records of the school system were found before 1913. She intended to build a museum and library on the grounds in memory of those who had studied there in the decades past. Unfortunately, her project was never completed as <mask> died the following year. Physical therapist career
During her career as a physical therapist, after World War II, many soldiers returned as amputees after being wounded in combat. As a part of Blount's physical therapy exercises, she taught veterans who had lost the ability to use their hands, new ways to perform everyday tasks by substituting the use of their teeth and feet. Her ambidexterity and ability to perform tasks with her mouth and feet helped her relate to her patients out of surgery.As she worked each day, Blount observed that one of the biggest challenges for amputees was eating without assistance from other people. A crucial task for many was to relearn the ability to feed themselves. Regaining this skill would restore a degree of independence and increase their self-esteem. As a nurse and physical therapist, she also cared for and worked closely with Theodore Edison, son of famed inventor Thomas Edison. Inventions - assistive devices
While working at the Bronx Hospital in New York, Blount invented an electric self-feeding apparatus for amputees. The device had a tube to transport individual bites of food to the patient's mouth. The patients would bite down on the tube and then the next portion of food would dispense to the mouthpiece from the attached machine.A part of the device was patented in 1948. The American Veterans Administration (VA) declined Blount's invention, so in 1952 she licensed it freely to the French government. She remarked in an interview with the Afro-American that her accomplishment showed that "a colored woman can invent something for the benefit of humankind"  She also


texts:
 devised a neck frame for an injured or ill patient, that holds a bowl or cup close to their face as a "portable receptacle support" and in April 1951, Blount was granted . During her career, Blount was a physical therapist to Thomas Edison's son, Theodore Miller Edison. Blount and Edison became close friends. During that time she invented the emesis basin. The basin was a kidney-shaped disposable cardboard dish made out of flour, water, and newspaper that was baked until the material was hard.Once again, the U.S. showed no interest in Blount's invention. She sold the rights to her invention to a company in Belgium. Her design is still used in Belgian hospitals. Modern, slimmer devices have been invented since 1948, but Blount is remembered for pioneering the first electric device for feeding amputees. Forensic science career
In 1969, Blount embarked on a second career, in law enforcement, pursuing forensic science research for police departments in New Jersey and Virginia. During her previous patient therapy, while demonstrating ambidextrous functions, or writing with teeth or feet, she had begun to see a correlation between physical health and writing characteristics. From her observations, she saw how a person's handwriting reflected their state of health.This discovery inspired her to publish a technical paper on "medical graphology." After the publication of the paper, Blount's career in forensics quickly grew. By the late 1960s she was assisting police departments in Norfolk, VA and Vineland, New Jersey, and later joined the Portsmouth, Virginia police department as a chief examiner. In 1977, the Metropolitan Police (Scotland Yard) Forensic Science Laboratory invited Blount to join them in London for advanced studies in graphology. She was the first Black woman to train with Scotland Yard. On returning, Blount started a consulting business,


texts:
 using her forensic experience to examine documents and slave papers from the pre-civil war. Blount operated that business until the age of 83.Her verification of authenticity was also used on Native American treaties with the United States. Media appearances
Blount made numerous attempts to interest the VA in her inventions but they declined, despite the devices' evident beneficial impact. To promote the inventions, she appeared on the WCAU Philadelphia television show The Big Idea in 1953. Blount was the first African-American woman to be on the show. No transcript is available, but it is reported she repeated that she had proved "A black woman can invent something for the benefit of humankind." Blount wrote a featured column for the African-American newspapers, the N.J. Herald News and the Philadelphia Independent. In 2008 she undertook but was unable to complete one more project: founding a museum on the grounds of her old Virginia schoolhouse which had burned down, to commemorate the contributions of those who had studied there.Honors and awards
Blount was honored in 1992 by The American Academy of Physical Therapy, an African American focused physical therapy organization. Virginia Women in History in 2005. Personal life
In 1951, Blount married <mask>. They had one son, Philip. Death
Blount died at the age of 95 on December 30, 2009, at her home in Newfield, New Jersey. References

1914 births
2009 deaths
African-American inventors
African-American scientists
American forensic scientists
Women forensic scientists
American nurses
American women nurses
Women inventors
Academics from Virginia
People from Gloucester County, New Jersey
20th-century American inventors
Panzer College alumni
20th-century African-American women
20th-century African-American people
20th-century American people
21st-century African-American people
21st-century


texts:
<mask> (14 July 1897 – 3 November 1937) was born Andriy Babiuk on July 14, 1897 to a poor peasant family in the village of P'yadyky, Kolomyia in Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast. In 1914, he graduated from the Teacher's Seminary in Lviv. He was a Ukrainian storywriter and playwright who moved for a time from Europe to North America, and continued to write about his European experiences while in the new world. He was also editor of a number of publications in Europe and Canada. Ukrainian Civil War
The first story he wrote was at the age of 17 entitled Meeting (Зустріч) using the penname Irchan. His first collection of sketches and short stories was titled Nirvana’s Laughter (Сміх Нірвани), a condemnation of war. He became a soldier in the Ukrainian Sich Riflemen and the Ukrainian Galician Army shortly after the outbreak of World War I.He fought in three different armies:Austro-Hungarian, Galician, and the Red Army of Ukraine. When he ended up in the ranks of the Red Ukrainian Galician Army,  he edited its periodical Red Archer (Червоний Стрелец). He wrote two plays about the Ukrainian Civil War in the middle of the war. The first of these plays was The Rebel (Бунтар), begun in the Polish–Soviet War in April 1920, and completed January 12, 1921 in Uman. It received 26 performances in eight months throughout Kyiv Oblast and Podolia. Printed by Kultura publishers in 1922, 3,000 of its 10,000 copies were distributed in North America. It is set in a Galician city early in 1920, as the Red Army offensive against Poland was stalling, and tells of a failed insurrection organized by pro-Soviet Ukrainian activists in the workers movement.Married Life
Following the end of the civil war, <mask> settled in Kyiv where he met and married his wife Zdenka. She

masks:
Myroslav Irchan
Irchan


texts:
 was the daughter of a Czech doctor, and when her parents returned to Prague in 1922, the young couple followed them. In Prague, <mask> enrolled at Charles University and participated in Ukrainian student activities. He was well known as a writer by this time, and continued to publish articles and stories, some of which were printed in North America. Canada
In 1923, <mask> was invited to come to Canada through ULTA (Ukrainian Labour Temple Association)  to edit their journal Working Woman (Робітниця), to which he had already contributed articles. At this time Canadian Immigration only accepted immigrants as labourers, so he and his wife were invited to come to Canada by a Canadian farmer, in Gonor, Manitoba, where they lived for a time and he continued his literary activities. Drama
In Canada, he was to experience the most creative literary period of his life, as editor, poet, storywriter, and playwright.The first play he wrote in Canada was The Family of Brushmakers (Родина щіткарів). In all cases where the drama of the doubting and confused mind is Irchan's interest, his work takes on a rich texture and offers many possible readings and many complex interpretations. The Family of Brushmakers, in four acts, written between 1923–24, tells the story of a family of four people – three of whom at the outset of the play are blind. Only the son can see. In Irchan's own words, “In 1915, while I was lying ill in a German hospital in the Austrian capital Vienna, I read in a German newspaper a story in a small corner of its last page that a blind brushmaker and musician living in Germany had a blind wife and daughter. His only son, who had vision, was conscripted into the German army. In time, the son returned home, but to the glory of the

masks: Irchan Irchan


texts:
 Kaiser and the great German Empire, he had given up his eyesight.He had lost it during a poisonous attack at the front. So the only member of the family with sight, the son, was now blind in a blind family.”   The play was a great success, staged 74 times from Montreal to Vancouver, and even the English Press had something to say about this “dangerous production”. Departure
The reasons for his departure from Canada are manifold. First, his wife Zdenka who was in poor health, with their daughter, Maya, returned to her parents in Prague. Secondly, the organizational activities which entangled him more and more with ULTA in Winnipeg left him little opportunity to develop as a writer. Finally, some of the membership of ULTA may have encountered problems with his work, possibly finding it too much that of the expression of an individual rather than of their organization. Whatever the reasons, on May 22, 1929, he left Winnipeg on his journey back to Europe.Tragic <mask> returned to Ukraine at a time when Stalin’s repression of artists, academics, and gifted individuals in all fields was intensifying. <mask> moved to Kharkiv, at that time the capital of Soviet Ukraine. The city had writers’ organizations and publishers, and he had friends here in the writing community. In 1934, he was one of many writers arrested by the State Political Administration. His wife and daughter joined him in Omsk, Siberia, though it is unclear whether Zdenka did this voluntarily. In a letter she wrote to a friend in Winnipeg, she says, “Please do not send me anymore newspapers, and notify New York to do the same thing, because they are causing me unpleasantness. Some day I will write more.Greetings to all. Zdenka.”    But nothing more was heard. Thirty-four years

masks:
Fate Irchan
Irchan


texts:
 after <mask>'s official rehabilitation in the Soviet Union, which was the result of Khrushchev's report revealing the criminal activity under Stalin's direction, the detail of <mask>'s fate was made public. <mask> was interrogated by Pavel Postyshev who is considered to be one of the principal architects of the famine of 1932–1933, known in Ukraine as Holodomor. <mask> was accused of “belonging” to the nationalist Ukrainian counter-revolutionary organization, which worked to overthrow Soviet rule in Ukraine by military means. It now seems he was shot with so many other Ukrainian intellectuals on 3 November 1937 at Sandarmokh in Karelia. References

Bibliography
 Balan, Jars.The Ukrainian Canadian stage, in Slavic Drama. University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada 1991. <mask>, <mask>. Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Krawchuk, Peter. The Unforgettable <mask> Irchan. Translated by Mary Skrypnyk.Kobzar Publishing Company Ltd. , Edmonton, Alberta 1998. Shkandrii, <mask>. The Rape of Civilization: Recurrent Structure in <mask> <mask>'s Prose. Journal of Ukrainian Studies 25 (2000). External links
Shkandrii, <mask>. The Rape of Civilization. <mask>, <mask> – Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine

1897 births
1937 deaths
Ukrainian dramatists and playwrights
Journalists from Lviv
20th-century Ukrainian poets
Ukrainian translators
Writers from Kharkiv
Writers from Kyiv
People from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
Ukrainian Austro-Hungarians
Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I
Ukrainian people of World War I
Ukrainian emigrants to Canada
Gulag detainees
People executed by the Soviet Union
Executed writers
Soviet rehabilitations
Ukrainian male poets
Great Purge victims from Ukraine
20th-century Ukrainian journalists
20th-century

masks: Irchan Irchan Irchan Irchan Irchan Myroslav Myroslav Myroslav Myroslav Irchan Myroslav Irchan Myroslav


texts:
<mask> “<mask><mask> (9 November 1918 – 31 January 1987) was a union organizer, Progressive Party candidate, and public health administrator. Early life
<mask> was born in New York City in 1918 to Jewish immigrants from Poland. His father was a fabric cutter, but found difficulty getting work during the Great Depression. By the age of 12, <mask> was working two summer jobs to help support his parents and younger brother. <mask> dropped out of City College of New York at the age of 18 and traveled to Dallas, Texas where he worked a summer job for the Mayflower Doughnut Corporation as part of the Greater Texas & Pan-American Exposition. While in Dallas, he began attending meetings of the Unemployed Councils in Texas, where he was introduced to various political beliefs, including Communism and Socialism. Labor Union Work
In early 1938, <mask> got a job operating a boiler for an egg processing plant in Chickasha, Oklahoma.During this time, he was introduced to unions and organizing. After writing to a newly formed union chapter inquiring about organizing his coworkers, he received a personal visit at his boarding house from David Fowler, district president of the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) and the director of the Oklahoma-Arkansas chapter of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO). Before having a chance to organize workers at the plant, he was fired. <mask> returned to Dallas to work on the chicken farm of a friend in exchange for room and board but soon after received a full scholarship to attend the Southern Summer School for Workers in Asheville, North Carolina, for the summer of 1938. He returned the next year as an assistant, along with his future wife Anne “Buddie” West. By 1941, while working for the Merita Bakery Plant, <mask> was a field representative for UMWA and also a member of the American Federation of Labor (AFL). His’ official duties included gaining signatures from workers for review by the National Labor

masks:
Myron Howard
Mike
” Ross
Mike Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross


texts: Relations Board (NLRB) for union representation, designing and printing labor leaflets, and collective bargaining on behalf of workers of various plants.In Fall of 1941, <mask> was organizing workers of the Mathieson Alkali Works in Saltville, Virginia when two representatives working in Tennessee, <mask> of Mine, Mill and Smelters Workers (MMSW) and Oscar Wiles of UMWA, were kidnapped at gunpoint, brutally beaten, stripped naked, and drenched in hot tar by anti-labor locals. <mask> was among few volunteers to go to Rockwood, Tennessee in their place. Under cover of night, armed workers protected <mask> and fellow local laborers as they met in secret locations to prepare for a labor board election for Tennessee Products Corporation. These efforts proved successful, and in January 1942, the Roane County Smelter Workers Union Local 579 won their election. A victory parade was held the following April. From 1941 through 1943, <mask> traveled throughout the South working as a labor representative. In Alabama, both <mask> and <mask> worked to gain rights for union workers and to end racial discrimination within industrial work there.<mask> sat on the War Production boards of both Tennessee and Alabama, and in Bessemer, Alabama, he taught racial and gender-integrated classes to local union members and auxiliaries on economics, parliamentary law, and the history of unions. In 1942, in accordance with local custom at the time, <mask> created a segregated ladies’ auxiliary with the purpose of distributing fliers in Birmingham, Alabama in support of the Roosevelt Administration’s Fair Employment Practice Committee (FEPC). Organizers of the CIO, MMSW, and UMW faced significant hostility from white supremacists in local business and government in attempting to desegregate industrial labor in Alabama, where government officials openly opposed Roosevelt’s anti-discriminatory Executive Order 8802 and the resultant Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC).

masks:
Ross
Homer Wilson
Ross
Ross
Ross
Mike
Anne Ross
Mike Ross
Anne Ross