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 was against South Wales in Cardiff.The Philadelphians won by 36 behind the bowling of <mask> and Ranji Hordern. The pair took all 20 wickets of the Welsh side. After this, the first-class matches began with Worcestershire on July 9. Again the Philadelphians won and again Hordern and <mask> took most of the wickets. This trend continued throughout the tour. In the first-class matches that <mask> played, the Philadelphians recorded four wins and six losses. Although he was already 35 years old, <mask> had posted extraordinary numbers in his bowling.He topped the bowling averages for the entire 1908 English cricket season at 11.01. This mark was not bettered until 1958, when Les Jackson of Derbyshire posted an average of 10.99. Later career
<mask>'s cricketing career did not end with his last first-class match. He continued to play club matches in Philadelphia and participated in non-first-class fixtures around the continent. <mask> is noted for holding the bowling record against Canada. On a rainy afternoon at Philadelphia in 1906, <mask> bowled into a slight breeze to capture 8 wickets for 17 runs. This record came in a four-year period during which <mask> focused on club cricket in Philadelphia, when he won the city's batting award three times and the bowling award four times.<mask> played in his last two international matches in 1912, against Australia. His performances were of the highest quality, given that he was nearing his fortieth year. In the first match, he took 9 wickets for 78 runs to help Philadelphia win by 2 runs; in the second, Australia won by 45 runs despite him taking 8 for 74. <mask> joined the Philadelphia Cricket Club after the 1912 season. Despite being well past his 40th year, he continued to play competitive cricket for another 4 years. His 27-year career ended with his last game for the Philadelphia Cricket Club against Frankford, on July 20, 1916. On this occasion, his bowling and batting skills had declined, but he


type: original

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 maintained a batting average of 43.33 for that final season.Death
<mask> died at a nursing home in his native Philadelphia in 1965, two days short of his 92nd birthday. The Times newspaper in the UK ran an obituary for him, which quoted Plum Warner as saying that: "Had he been an Englishman or an Australian, he would have been even more famous than he was." Achievements and legacy

Though <mask> focused on bowling throughout his career, he was also a very fine batsman. In 1905, he established a North American record batting record by scoring 315 at the Germantown Cricket Club. The following year, he scored 344 not out for Belmont against the Merion Cricket Club, setting a North American batting record which still stands. He scored 39 centuries in his North American career, and he topped 1,000 runs in six seasons. He took over 100 wickets in eight seasons, including a double of 1,000 runs and 100 wickets in four seasons.In his whole career, he scored 19,808 runs at an average of 36.47, and took 2,088 wickets at an average of 10.47. He took all 10 wickets in an innings on three occasions, and took 9 wickets in an innings five times. One of these occasions, in the Gentlemen of Ireland's first innings in 1909, was followed by a hat-trick in the second innings. There is an apocryphal story of <mask> emulating a famous baseball pitcher of the day, Rube Waddell, by sending all his fielders back into the pavilion and finishing off the opponent's innings on his own. <mask> and Belmont were playing Trenton in the Halifax Cup at Elmwood Cricket Ground. Some versions of the story have him banishing the fielders and then calling one of them to a position  back and  to the leg side. This fielder was stationed there to pick up the bails which landed at his feet after <mask> bowled his trademark "angler".This story was disputed some years later by the captain of Trenton, who claimed that when he "went in to bat that afternoon, <mask> had four balls left in his

masks: King King King King King King


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 over." He claimed to have "hit the first delivery to cover point but of course there was no one there. The ball stopped within three feet of the boundary, and <mask> had to chase it. By the time he got back we had run six." The captain claimed to be the only batsmen to have hit four consecutive sixes off <mask>, but commended the bowler on his ability to spin a tale. Thanks to his dominant performance over his career and his renown in the world of cricket, <mask> was elected an honorary member of the Incogniti Cricket Club in 1908 and an honorary life member of the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1962. When Plum Warner was asked to name the greatest bowler who ever lived, he said that <mask> <mask>, "at the top of his power and speed, was at least the equal of the greatest of them all."<mask> is credited as one of the first bowlers to utilise swing bowling deliberately. Other bowlers in his time could sometimes get the ball to swing, but <mask> was one of the first to do so at will with an old or new ball. He made use of a lethal delivery which he called the "angler", a product of his experience as a baseball pitcher, to confuse the English batsmen. He would come in with the ball clasped above his head in both hands as would a baseball pitcher. He was famous for his late swing—in and out—and would produce the in-swinger with his right hand coming down from a point over his left shoulder. He described it as an in-swinger which, if properly bowled, would change direction sharply in the last 10 or  of flight. <mask> used this ball only sparingly and only against good batsmen.After a tour to Philadelphia by an Australian side in 1896, George Giffen said "the Philadelphians really have some high-class players, but it was the fact of their bowlers playing us with baseball curves that upset our batsmen." Notes

External links

1873 births
1965 deaths
Cricketers from Philadelphia
Philadelphian cricketers
Cricketers who have taken ten wickets in an

masks:
King
King
King
John Barton
King
King
King
King


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<mask> (14 January 1798 – 4 June 1872) was a Dutch liberal statesman, one of the most important Dutch politicians of the 19th century. In 1848, he headed the commission that drafted the revision of the Constitution of the Netherlands, giving less power to the king and more to the States General, and guaranteeing more religious, personal and political freedom to the people. Early life and education

<mask> was born in Zwolle. His father Frederik Willem was a Lutheran tobacco manufacturer of German descent, while his mother Christine Regina was born in the Lower Saxon Osnabrück. Frederik Willem's business suffered badly from the anti-British policies of the French occupiers, and his tobacco factory went bankrupt in 1803, after which he was unable to find another source of employment and would spend most of his time on the education of <mask> and his younger brother. <mask> proved to be diligent and exemplary at a young age, showing intelligence and curiosity. Because of the sacrifices of his parents, who continued to struggle with financial problems, he was able to enjoy decent education.He enjoyed primary education in his birthplace and in Amsterdam, where he lived until 1806, and attended a Latin school back in Zwolle until 1814. Thorbecke began studying classical literature and philosophy in Amsterdam, studies he finished in Leiden defending a thesis on Asinius Pollio in 1820. Shortly after taking his doctorate, Thorbecke was granted a state scholarship for a journey through Germany. At Giessen he lectured as an extraordinary professor, and at Göttingen, in 1824, published his treatise, Ueber das Wesen der Geschichte. He would spend four years travelling, during which he was introduced to historism

masks:
Johan Rudolph Thorbecke
Thorbecke
Johan Rudolph
Johan Rudolph


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 and Romanticism, and developed emotionally and spiritually. Upon his return to the Netherlands in 1824, he settled in Amsterdam, where he wrote his first political work of significance, Bedenkingen aangaande het Regt en Den Staat ("Concerns about the Law and the State"). The work managed to catch attention, and Thorbecke became professor of Political Science at Ghent University the following year, a position he was forced to resign from due to the Belgian Revolution in 1830.The following year, Thorbecke became professor of Diplomacy and Modern History at the Leiden University, where his students would describe him as a distant, analytical mind, living a secluded life in his study. Originally a loyal supporter of the conservative government of William I, Thorbecke developed a more critical view of the government and indeed the autocratic system of government throughout the 1830s. His increasingly strong support for constitutional reform is shown in a series of essays he published from 1839 onward, starting with Aanteekening op de grondwet, literally "Annotation on the constitution". The climax of this series was Over het hedendaags burgerschap, literally "On contemporary citizenship", published in 1844, in which he argued that universal suffrage would eventually be unavoidable. Political career

On 21 May 1844, Thorbecke was elected into the House of Representatives for South Holland. In the House, he developed into the leader of the liberal opposition and, later that year, joined forces with eight like-minded members in a vain attempt to amend the constitution in the so-called Voorstel der Negenmannen ("Proposition of the Nine Men"). Four years later, with much of Europe convulsed by the Revolutions


texts: of 1848, William II agreed upon the formation of a committee for revision of the constitution.Thorbecke was appointed as head of this committee on 17 March. The changes were in large part created by Thorbecke and based on his earlier constitutional writings. The drafted constitution was somewhat reluctantly approved by the States General, and was proclaimed on 3 November 1848. The new constitution established civil rights and parliamentary competences, and introduced direct election of members of House of Representatives and ministerial responsibility, thus limiting the power of the King and turning the country into a complete constitutional monarchy. Despite initial reluctance, William II appointed Thorbecke as formateur in late October 1849, and his first cabinet took office on 13 November. In this cabinet, Thorbecke served as minister of the Interior and chaired the Council of Ministers, thus becoming de facto Prime Minister of the Netherlands. Thorbecke's first cabinet passed several acts of particular importance, including the Electoral Act and the Province Act in 1850, and the Municipality Act in the following year.Despite these successes, Thorbecke's reforms were increasingly subjected to resistance, and he was criticised for his haughtiness and his strained relationship with the King. In 1853, the Catholic Church sought to restore the episcopal hierarchy in the Netherlands. Common people, pastors and conservative notables showed resistance to this in an anti-papal movement known as the Aprilbeweging ("April Movement"). Thorbecke, who remained passive in the issue in defence of the separation of church and state, was accused of catholic sympathies, and he was forced to resign. Thorbecke spent


texts: nine years as leader of the opposition in the House of Representatives. He pleaded for neutrality in the Crimean War 1854, and opposed the religious nature of the Primary Education Act in 1857. The collapse of the conservative cabinet in 1862 brought Thorbecke back in power.On 31 January 1862, he started his second term as minister of the Interior and chairman of the Council of Ministers. Thorbecke's relationship with the King had improved because the focus of his reforms had shifted from politics to economics, and despite the increased disunity among the liberals, his cabinet lasted for four years because of the support of the Catholics. One of Thorbecke's first acts in his second term was the abolition of the governmental departments for religious services. Other notable achievements include the construction of several canals, the Secondary Education Act in May 1863, several acts on healthcare, and the municipal tax reform in 1865. The cabinet collapsed on 10 February 1866 and Thorbecke resigned after a conflict regarding criminal law in the Dutch East Indies. Thorbecke returned to being leader of the opposition in the House of Representatives. In 1868, he formed the Van Bosse-Fock cabinet, but did not take part in the cabinet himself.Three years later, after this cabinet had collapsed over foreign policy, the 73-year old Thorbecke did not hesitate to start his third term. In December 1871 fell ill, and never fully recovered. Thorbecke died at his home in The Hague on 4 June 1872, at the age of 74. Hated by some (he was not a man of concessions), he is nowadays considered a towering figure in Dutch parliamentary history. There are three statues of Thorbecke (one in Amsterdam, one in The Hague and


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 one in Zwolle) and a room in the Dutch parliament building is named after him. Thorbecke wrote many articles on history and several newspaper articles (especially in the Journal de La Haye) on topics of the day. He published a study on the philosophy of history (in German).All of his speeches in parliament have been published. References

Further reading
: Thorbecke: een filosoof in de politiek. Amsterdam, 2004.
: Thorbecke en de wording van de Nederlandse natie. Nijmegen, 1980.
: Rondom 1848. Bussum 1978.
: Thorbecke en de historie. 1938. Second edition with a preface by H. te Velde: Utrecht, 1986.
: Thorbecke-Archief (3 volumes).Contains Thorbecke's letters  up until September 1830. Utrecht, 1955, Groningen, 1962, Utrecht, 1967.
: De Briefwisseling van J.R. Thorbecke (7 delen). Contains Thorbecke's letters as of October 1830 until his death. These volumes appeared between 1975 en 2002. External links

 Thorbecke PhD Thesis on Asinius Pollio on Google Books
 Thorbecke PhD Thesis on Asinius Pollio on Archive dot Org

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1798 births
1872 deaths
Dutch civil servants
Dutch jurists
Dutch legal scholars
Dutch legal writers
Dutch political writers
Dutch education writers
Dutch educators
Dutch historians
Dutch historians of philosophy
Dutch people of German descent
International relations scholars
Philosophy academics
Philosophy writers
Deaths from pneumonia in the Netherlands
Evangelical Lutheran Church Christians from the Netherlands
Leiden University alumni
Leiden University faculty
Members of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)
Ministers of the Interior of the Netherlands
Ministers of State (Netherlands)
People from Zwolle
Prime Ministers of the Netherlands
19th-century


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<mask> (10 May 1915 – 7 September 2004) was a South African cleric, theologian and the leading Afrikaner anti-apartheid activist. He was known simply as <mask>, or more colloquially, Oom Bey (Afrikaans for "Uncle Bey"). Early life and education
One of eight children, <mask>é was born to <mask> and <mask> (née) van Huyssteen in Roodepoort, Transvaal (now Gauteng). The progenitor of the Naudé name was a French Huguenot refugee named <mask> who arrived in the Cape in 1718. The Naudé surname is one of numerous French surnames that retained their original spelling in South Africa. Beyers Naudé was named for General <mask>, under whom his father had served as a soldier and unofficial pastor during the second Anglo-Boer War. <mask>, an Afrikaner cleric, "was convinced that the British would never leave."He helped to found the Broederbond (Afrikaans, "Brotherhood" or "League of Brothers"), the powerful Afrikaner men's secret society that played a dominant role in apartheid South Africa. The Broederbond became especially synonymous with the Afrikaner-dominated National Party that won power in 1948 and implemented the racial segregation policy of apartheid. The elder Naudé also helped produce the earliest translations of the Bible into Afrikaans. In 1921, the Naudé family moved to the Cape Province town of Graaff-Reinet, in the Karoo region. <mask> <mask> attended Afrikaans Hoërskool [Afrikaans High School], matriculating in 1931. Naudé studied theology at the University of Stellenbosch and lived at Wilgenhof men's residence. He graduated in 1939 with an MA in languages and a theology degree.His sociology lecturer was the future prime minister and chief-architect of apartheid, H. F. Verwoerd. But Naudé credited Stellenbosch theologian Ben Keet with laying the groundwork for his own theological dissent. Naudé was ordained in 1939 as a minister in the South African Dutch Reformed Church and joined the Broederbond as

masks:
Christiaan Frederick Beyers Naudé
Beyers Naudé
Beyers Naud
Jozua François Naudé
Adriana Johanna Naudé
Jacques Naudé
Christiaan Frederick Beyers
Jozua Naudé
Beyers
Naudé


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 its youngest member. For 20 years he served various congregations, starting at Wellington in Western Cape Province (1940–1942), Loxton (1942–945), Pretoria - South-Olifantsfontein (1945–1949), Pretoria East (1945–1954), Potchefstroom (1954–1959) and Aasvoëlkop (Johannesburg) (1959–1963) preaching a religious justification for apartheid. On 3 August 1940 Naudé married Ilse Weder, whose father had been a Moravian missionary. The couple had three sons and a daughter. Anti-apartheid activities

The Sharpeville massacre in 1960 (during which the South African police killed 69 black demonstrators protesting against restrictions on their freedom of movement) ended his support for his church's political teachings.He began to question the biblical justification of apartheid by the Dutch Reformed Church: "I made an intensive study of the Bible to prove that those justifications were not valid. I concluded that the passages that were being used by the white DRC to justify apartheid were unfounded. In some cases, there was a deliberate distortion in order to prove the unprovable!" In the three decades after his resignation from the denomination, <mask>'s vocal support for racial reconciliation and equal rights led to upheavals in the Dutch Reformed Church. Cottesloe and the Christian Institute of Southern Africa
In response to Sharpeville, the World Council of Churches (WCC) sent a delegation to Johannesburg to meet with clerics. <mask>, by then the moderator of his church district (the Southern Transvaal Synod), helped to organize a consultation (the Cottesloe Consultation)
between the WCC and eighty South African church delegates in Cottesloe, a Johannesburg suburb. The Cottesloe Consultation's resolutions rejected race as the basis of exclusion from churches, and affirmed the right of all people to own land and have a say in how they are governed.<mask> alone among his church's delegates steadfastly continued to

masks: Naudé Naudé Naudé


texts: reject any theological basis for apartheid after Prime Minister Verwoerd forced the DRC delegation to repudiate the consultation. The Dutch Reformed Church later left the World Council of Churches. In 1963 <mask> founded the Christian Institute of Southern Africa (CI), an ecumenical organization with the aim of fostering reconciliation through interracial dialogue, research, and publications. The DRC forced <mask> to choose between his status as minister and directorship of the CI. He then resigned his church post, left his Aasvoëlkop congregation in Northcliff, Johannesburg, and resigned from the Broederbond in 1963. As a result, he lost his status as minister in the Dutch Reformed Church. His last sermon to his congregation noted that "We must show greater loyalty to God than to man".Stoically anticipating the enormous pressure by the Afrikaner political and church establishment that was to come, he told his wife: "We must prepare for ten years in the wilderness." Former Archbishop Desmond Tutu later said "Beyers became a leper in the Afrikaner community." During the same year <mask> was blamed for leaking secret, confidential and unauthorized documents about the Broederbond to the press. The University of the Witwatersrand New Testament scholar Professor Albert S. Geyser later admitted that he had leaked the documents. Naudé had given the documents to Geyser to evaluate the extent of the influence of the Broederbond on the church. Geyser then provided the information to a journalist at The Sunday Times. The book " The Super-Afrikaners.Inside the Afrikaner Broederbond " written by Ivor Wilkins and Hans Strydom published in 1978 exposed a name list of possible members of the Broederbond. The source of these documents, that was taken without authorization, was blamed on Naudé. In 1967 Naudé and Geyser won a libel case against conservative Pretoria Professor Adriaan Pont, who had called them communists. In


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 1970 Naudé was among few white South African Christian leaders "who openly called for understanding of the WCC decision" to provide financial support for liberation movements in southern Africa. "If blood runs in the streets of South Africa it will not be because the World Council of Churches has done something but because the churches of South Africa have done nothing," Naudé said. In response, the state formed the Schlebusch Commission in 1972 to investigate anti-apartheid Christian organizations. When Naudé refused to testify, he was tried and imprisoned.After a night in the cells, a DRC minister paid his fine. During a 1972 trip to Germany and Britain, Naudé preached at Westminster Abbey, "the first Afrikaans theologian to be so honoured". In 1973 the state withdrew his passport, but temporarily returned it in 1974 so that he could travel to the University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana USA, to receive the Reinhold Niebuhr Award for justice and peace. As the CI increasingly incorporated black African radicals like Steve Biko, Naudé had to bear the brunt of harassment by the state security police. The state eventually forced the CI to close in 1977. Banning and the SACC

From 1977 to 1984 the South African government "banned" Naudé – a form of house arrest with severe restrictions on his movements and interactions. For example, he could not be in the same room with more than one other person.Other leaders of the Christian Institute suffered the same fate, including Brian Brown, Cedric Mayson, and Peter Randall. Although under constant police surveillance, Naudé managed to secretly help anti-apartheid resistors move around and out of South Africa by providing them with old vehicles that he had repaired himself. He later joked that this was "My small contribution to a struggle I knew was right." His ANC liaison was Sydney Mufamadi, who became Minister of Provincial and Local Government in the


texts:
 post-apartheid government. In 1980 Naudé and three other DRC theologians broke with the DRC and were accepted as clergy by the Dutch Reformed Church in Africa, the black African denomination established by the white Dutch Reformed Church. After his unbanning in 1985, he succeeded Archbishop Desmond Tutu as secretary general of the South African Council of Churches. In this role he called for the release of political prisoners (especially Nelson Mandela) and negotiation with the African National Congress.In 1987 the apartheid regime outlawed public pleas for the release of detainees. But Naudé pressed Christians to continue to publicly pray for detainees, despite government threats of imprisonment. After his term at the South African Council of Churches ended, Naudé continued to serve a number of anti-apartheid and development organizations, including the Defence and Aid Fund for Southern Africa, the Ecumenical Service for Socio-Economic Transformation, Kagiso Trust, and the Editorial Board of Challenge Magazine. Post-apartheid influence

After 1990 Naudé occasionally opened ANC events with scripture readings. That same year he was invited by the African National Congress to be the only Afrikaner member on their delegation in negotiations with the National Party government at Groote Schuur. Despite his long association with the African National Congress, Naudé never actually joined the party. Some have speculated that this, along with his advanced age and constant ill health during the last few years of his life, caused him to be politically sidelined.Others conclude that <mask> harbored a fierce independence and never sought personal advancement. Despite his association with the ANC, for instance, he also maintained ties with the black consciousness movement and the Pan Africanist Congress. In 2000 he signed the Declaration of Commitment by White South Africans, a public document that acknowledged that


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 apartheid had damaged black South Africans. After his death at 89 on 7 September 2004, Nelson Mandela eulogized <mask> as "a true humanitarian and a true son of Africa." Naudé's official state funeral on Saturday 18 September 2004 was attended by President Thabo Mbeki, other dignitaries, and high-ranking ANC officials. Naudé's ashes were scattered in the township of Alexandra, just outside Johannesburg. He was survived by his wife, four children, and two great-grandchildren.Despite being persecuted by his own ethnic group, Naudé "never outwardly expressed spite for his former opponents. 'I am an Afrikaner,' he said. 'I saw myself never as anything else but an Afrikaner, and I'm very grateful for the small contribution which I could have made.'" Honors and accolades

During his life Naudé received several honors, including the Bruno Kreisky Award for services to human rights (Austria, 1979), the Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Award (USA, 1984), the African American Institute Award (USA, 1985), Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award (USA, 1985) along with Allan Boesak and Winnie Mandela, the Swedish Labour Movement Award (Sweden, 1988), the Order of Oranje-Nassau (Netherlands, 1995), Order for Meritorious Service (Gold) (South Africa, 1997), and the Order of Merit (Germany, 1999). Naudé received fourteen honorary doctorates during his lifetime and in 1993 he was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize by the American Friends Service Committee. Legacy
In 2001 the city of Johannesburg, where he had lived most of his life in the suburb of Greenside, honored Naudé in several ways. Naudé received the Freedom of the City of Johannesburg while DF Malan Drive, a major road in Johannesburg, was renamed Beyers Naudé Drive.The Library Gardens in downtown Johannesburg, formerly known as Market Square, were renamed as Beyers Naudé Square. In 2004 Naudé was voted 36th among Top 100 Great South Africans in an informal poll


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 conducted by a television program of the South African Broadcasting Corporation. Naudé was called "one of the true Christian prophets of our time" by the acting secretary of the World Council of Churches, Georges Lemopoulos. Naudé's comments after the 1976 Soweto uprising presciently anticipated an outflow of South Africans in the post-apartheid era. He warned that white privilege could not and should not endure. "For many it will be impossible to live in this new South African society; they will be destroyed physically, emotionally and psychologically. They would be allowed to stay, but they would find the atmosphere unacceptable and therefore many will say, "we cannot adjust, we must go.""The University of the Free State changed the name of one of its hostels (JBM Hertzog) to Beyers Naudé. In Leeuwarden, Netherlands, the local Christian gymnasium (a middle school comparable to a grammar school) was renamed in honour of Beyers Naudé. See also

 Christian Institute of Southern Africa
 List of people subject to banning orders under apartheid
 Pro Veritate
 Ravan Press

References

External links
Beyers Naude — Christian and Afrikaner Opposition to Apartheid
 Cry of Reason: An Afrikaner Speaks Out Video, 1987, 58 mins
 Picture
 Beyers Naudé Centre for Public Theology at Stellenbosch University
Interview with Beyers Naudé by Tor Sellström within the project Nordic Documentation on the Liberation Struggle in Southern Africa – dated 15 September 1995

1915 births
2004 deaths
20th-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians
Afrikaner people
Calvinist and Reformed anti-apartheid activists
Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
People from Roodepoort
South African Calvinist and Reformed theologians
South African clergy
Stellenbosch University alumni
Afrikaner anti-apartheid activists
Burials at Westpark Cemetery
Recipients of the Four Freedoms Award
Robert F. Kennedy Human


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<mask> (13 October 1867 – 26 February 1905) was a prolific Australian novelist and writer, noted for sensational fiction in variety magazines around the end of the nineteenth century. He lived mainly in England. He is best known for such works as the Dr Nikola series, about an occultist criminal mastermind who is a Victorian forerunner to Fu Manchu, and Pharos, the Egyptian, a tale of Gothic Egypt, mummies' curses and supernatural revenge. Rudyard Kipling was his friend and mentor, and his books were remembered with affection by George Orwell. Biography
<mask> was born in Adelaide to a prominent family in the recently established British colony of South Australia. His father was <mask>, who for a time was a member of the South Australian Legislative Assembly, three of his uncles were senior colonial administrators, and his grandfather was <mask> (1803–1868), controversial judge of the Supreme Court of South Australia from 1853 to 1867. When Boothby was aged approximately seven his English-born mother, whom he held in great regard, separated from his father and returned with her children to England.There he received a traditional English grammar school education at Salisbury, Lord Weymouth's Grammar (now Warminster School) and Christ's Hospital, London. Following this, Boothby returned alone to South Australia at sixteen, where, in his turn, he entered the colonial administration as private secretary to the mayor of Adelaide, Lewis Cohen,  but was "not contented" with the work. Despite <mask>'s family tradition of colonial service, his natural inclinations ran more to the creative than to the administrative and he was not satisfied with his limited role as a provincial colonial servant. In 1890, aged 23, Boothby wrote the libretto for a comic opera, Sylvia, which was published and produced at Adelaide in December 1890, and

masks:
Guy Newell Boothby
Boothby
Thomas Wilde Boothby
Benjamin Boothby
Boothby


texts: in 1891 his second show, The Jonquil: an Opera, appeared. He also wrote and performed in an operetta, Dimple's Lovers, for Adelaide's Garrick Club theatre group. The music in each case was written by Cecil James Sharp. His first literary ventures were directed at the theatre, but his ambition was not appeased by the lukewarm response his melodramas received in Adelaide.Hence when severe economic collapse hit most of the Australian colonies in the early 1890s, he followed the well-beaten path to London in December 1891. <mask>, however, was thwarted in his first bid for recognition as lack of funds forced him to disembark en route in Colombo, Sri Lanka and begin making his way homewards through South East Asia. According to family legend, the dire poverty he faced on this journey led him to accept any kind of work he could get: ‘This meant working before the mast, stoking in ocean tramps, attending in a Chinese opium den in Singapore, digging in the Burmah Ruby fields, acting, prize fighting, cow punching...’ This was followed by a brief sojourn on Thursday Island, a Melanesian island in the Torres Strait group recently annexed by the Queensland colony, where he worked as a diver in the lucrative pearl trade; and finally by an arduous journey overland across the Australian continent home to Adelaide. While Paul Depasquale, author of the only <mask> biography, warns that this account of his travels may be somewhat glamorous,  Boothby certainly travelled extensively in South East Asia, Melanesia and Australia at this period, collecting a stock of colonial anecdotes and experiences that were to influence much of his later writing. Approximately two years later Boothby finally reached London and succeeded in having an account of his peregrinations, On the Wallaby, or Through the East and Across Australia, published in 1894.

masks: Boothby Boothby


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 The travelogue met with reasonable success, which was matched later that year by <mask>'s first novel, In Strange Company. A novel of adventure set variously in England, Australia, the South Seas and South America, In Strange Company established a pattern that was to characterise the succeeding Boothby oeuvre – the use of exotic, international and particularly Australasian locales that frequently function as an end in themselves superfluous to the requirements of plot.By October 1895, Boothby had completed three further novels, including A Bid for Fortune, the first Dr Nikola novel which catapulted Boothby to wide acclaim. Of the two other novels Boothby wrote in 1895 A Lost Endeavour was set on Thursday Island and The Marriage of Esther ranged across several Torres Strait Islands. Boothby continued to produce fiction at a ferocious rate, producing up to six novels a year across the range of genres prevalent at the fin de siècle, and is credited with producing over 53 novels in total, not to mention dozens of short stories and plays. Death

<mask> died at his home, aged but 38 years, in Boscombe, near Bournemouth, from complications arising from influenza, on 26 February 1905. His grave is in the town's Wimborne Road Cemetery. Writing

Some of Boothby's earlier works relate to stories of Australian life, but later he turned to genre fiction including crime fiction, imperial romance, science fiction and Gothic horror. Boothby's oeuvre is pervaded by an array of intriguing and subversive villains whose larger than life characters eclipse the unremarkable English protagonists.They range from the classic supernatural fiends of fin-de-siècle gothic, to deformed freaks (a particular penchant of <mask>'s), to sophisticated international master criminals that anticipate the adversaries of Ian Fleming's Bond character. In their

masks: Boothby Boothby Boothby


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 depiction of the international master criminal and the revenge of the undead ancient Egyptian Boothby's novels were influential in establishing two key tropes of the cinematic age, which persist long after the novels themselves have faded into obscurity. The Dr Nikola Series

Boothby was once well known for his series of novels about Doctor Nikola, an occultist anti-hero seeking immortality and world domination. The adventures of Nikola were launched with the first episode of A Bid for Fortune which was serialised in The Windsor Magazine (a rival to The Strand Magazine). Nikola is described as dressing in "faultless evening dress, slender, having dark peculiar eyes and dark hair, and white toad-coloured skin." Dr Nikola starred in a play The Adventures of Dr. Nikola, by Ben Landeck and Oswald Brand, which ran briefly in London in 1902. Other novels

In A Prince of Swindlers he created the character of Simon Carne, a gentleman thief in the Raffles mould, with an alter ego as the eccentric detective Klimo.Carne first appeared in Pearson's Magazine in 1897, predating Raffles by two years. Pharos the Egyptian (1899) is a thriller with romance and some supernaturalism in which a very sinister old man, Pharos, proves to be Ptahmes, a mummy who has survived through the centuries with full magical powers. The Curse of the Snake (1902) is referred to by Brian Stableford as the most interesting of <mask>'s novels. However, Stableford states that <mask> "very obviously made up his novel plots as he went along and that therefore this novel "concludes with a woefully inadequate explanation of its marvelously creepy opening sequence." Ghost Stories

<mask> wrote a number of ghost stories, mainly from his collections Uncle Joe's Legacy and Other Stories (1902) and The Lady on the Island (1904). Amongst the best-known of these are "The


texts:
 Black Lady of Brin Tor", "A Strange Goldfield" and "The Lady on the Island" and "Remorseless Vengeance." These have been reprinted in horror anthologies edited variously by Richard Dalby, Hugh Lamb, Leigh Blackmore and James Doig.Bibliography

Doctor Nikola
 A Bid for Fortune: or, Dr Nikola's Vendetta (1895) (AKA Enter, Dr Nikola) (note: included in the Wordsworth Editions omnibus Dr Nikola Master Criminal, 2009)
 Dr Nikola (1896) AKA Dr. Nikola Returns (note: included in the Wordsworth Editions omnibus Dr Nikola Master Criminal, 2009)
 The Lust of Hate (1898) (note: Dr Nikola makes only a peripheral appearance in this novel). Dr Nikola's Experiment (1899)
 "Farewell, Nikola" (1901)

Other works
Other books written by <mask> include:
 On the Wallaby: or, Through the East and Across Australia (1894)
 In Strange Company: a Story of Chili and the Southern Seas (1894)
 A Lost Endeavour (1895)
 The Marriage of Esther: a Torres Straits Sketch (1895)
 The Beautiful White Devil (1897)
 Bushigrams (1897)
 The Fascination of the King (1897)
 The Phantom Stockman (1897)
 Sheila McLeod: a Heroine of the Back Blocks (1897)
 The Duchess of Wiltshire's Diamonds (1897)
 Across The World For a Wife (1898)
 Billy Binks, Hero: and Other Stories (1898)
 Love Made Manifest (1899)
 Pharos, The Egyptian (1899)
 The Red Rat's Daughter (1899)
 A Sailor's Bride (1899)
 "Long Live the King!" (Dissertation, Universita degli studi di Padova, online)
 William Patrick Maynard,"Dr. Nikola and Pharos the Egyptian"

1867 births
1905 deaths
19th-century Australian novelists
20th-century Australian novelists
Australian male novelists
Australian people of English descent
Writers from Adelaide
People educated at Lord Weymouth's Grammar School
19th-century male writers
20th-century Australian male writers
People buried at the Wimborne Road Cemetery,


texts:
<mask> (born May 21, 1961), is an Austrian right-wing conservative politician. He was a member of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) until 2007, and a member of the Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZÖ) from 2007 until 2013. He ran for the European Parliament in 2009 as BZÖ's leading candidate and was a member of the European Parliament from 2011 to 2014. In 2014 he was chosen as the first party leader of The Reform Conservatives (REKOS). Early life and education
<mask> was born in Mäder, Austria. After his schooling, he worked at the Feldkirch city finance office. Later he studied law at the University of Innsbruck.As one of the requirements for becoming an attorney under the law of Austria, he completed his court practicum year at the regional court at Krems an der Donau. Political career

In Vorarlberg state
From 1985 to 1996 <mask> <mask> was a member of the municipal council (Gemeinderat) in Mäder and a member of its Gemeindevorstand (an elected subgroup of the Gemeinderat) from 1990 to 1994. As early as 1989 he was elected to the Landtag (provincial assembly) of Vorarlberg, in which he remained until 1994. In addition, from 1991 to 1994 <mask> was head of the Landtag caucus of the Vorarlberg Freedom Party (FPÖ). Also, while he was active in Vorarlberg provincial politics, he held the role of a member of the Vorarlberg FPÖ Provincial Party Committee. On November 7, 1994, <mask> moved up to the National Council of Austria (Nationalrat) as an FPÖ member, where he remained until April 28, 1999. Furthermore, he was a member of the FPÖ's Federal Party Committee (Bundesparteivorstand).In Lower Austria and in Federal office
When he moved to Lower Austria, <mask> became deputy provincial party chief of the FPÖ for Lower Austria in 1998 and was a member of the Lower Austria provincial council between 1999 and 2001. On July 1, 2001, he became a Volksanwalt (ombudsman) at the Federal level, responsible for commerce and advertising, defense, schools and culture, police, and the

masks:
Ewald Johann Stadler
Stadler
Ewald
Stadler
Stadler
Stadler
Stadler


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 administration of justice. He stepped down as Volksanwalt on October 30, 2006 when he won a seat in the National Council. Starting in the summer of 2004, <mask> directed the Freedom Party Academy and was responsible for the training of FPÖ functionaries. However, the Academy became less important after a thorough reorganization in December 2006. <mask> took up his seat for the FPÖ in the National Council on October 30, 2006. After internal differences with the FPÖ leadership, he resigned from the party on March 7, 2007, although he remained a member of the Freedom Party caucus.He announced on August 16, 2008, that he was joining the Alliance for the Future of Austria (BZÖ) for the National Council election of 2008. However, he wanted to remain a free deputy, elected from a district. Since October 28, 2008, <mask> has been a representative of the BZÖ in the National Council. <mask> was deputy chief of the Freedom Party caucus from October 30, 2006 to March 6, 2007, and was elected deputy chief of the BZÖ caucus on October 28, 2008. On April 3, 2009, <mask> was elected as the new party chief of the Lower Austria BZÖ with 97.7 percent of the vote. He succeeded Christine Döttelmayer, who had stepped down from her position at the end of February 2009. In the European Parliament
<mask> entered the European Parliament election in June 2009 as the leading candidate of the BZÖ.The 4.6 percent of votes received was not sufficient to win a seat at the time. However, when the Treaty of Lisbon took effect on December 1, 2009, Austria gained two seats in the European Parliament, making the BZÖ vote retrospectively sufficient to win <mask> a seat. After a delay of two years while other EU countries completed the process of choosing their own new MEPs and pending the ratification of certain treaty changes, <mask> was seated as an MEP on December 11, 2011. In October 2013 he was expelled from the BZÖ along with Stefan Petzner by designated leader Gerald Grosz for retrospectively publicly

masks: Stadler Stadler Stadler Stadler Stadler Stadler Stadler Stadler


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 criticizing BZÖ's campaigning and poor election result in the Austrian legislative election of 2013. As of January 2014, <mask> retained his seat in the European Parliament as an unaffiliated member. On 23 December 2013 (one day before Christmas Eve) <mask>, together with Rudolf Gehring of the Christian Party of Austria announced in a press conference they were founding a new party, The Reform Conservatives (REKOS) () for which <mask> would run for the European Parliament election on 25 May 2014. <mask> was elected national party leader of REKOS on 8 March 2014.His term in the European Parliament ended on June 30, 2014. On the international stage

Speech against Turkey
In 2010, after the Turkish ambassador to Austria, Kadri Ecvet Tezcan, complained in an interview about the integration of Turkish immigrants in Austria., <mask> responded in the Austrian parliament with a speech about cases of intolerance in Turkey. International observer in Ukraine crisis
In 2014, <mask> <mask> participated as a member of international observers groups who acknowledged the Eastern Ukrainian referendums in Crimea and in the Donetsk-Lugansk regions. Personal life
<mask> is a member of the Catholic lay association Compagnia di Santa Maria della Mercede, affiliated with the Mercedarian order. During his law studies at Innsbruck he was close to the Catholic traditionalist movement the Society of St. Pius X. He is married and has six children. References

External links

(in German)
 ORF Artikel mit Auszügen aus Stadlers Biografie

 „FPÖ: Halbstarker gegen Halbwilden“ Hintergrundartikel zum Streit zwischen Stadler und Strache im profil
 Fotoreportage: <mask> <mask>
 „Lieber gesetzlos als ein Untertan“ aus „Die Zeit“ vom 17.April 2008

1961 births
Living people
Catholicism and far-right politics
People from Feldkirch District
University of Innsbruck alumni
Austrian traditionalist Catholics
Alliance for the Future of Austria MEPs
The Reform Conservatives MEPs
Ombudsmen in Austria
MEPs for Austria

masks: Stadler Stadler Stadler Stadler Stadler Ewald Stadler Stadler Ewald Stadler


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<mask> (born <mask>, also known as <mask>) (December 19, 1804 – August 14, 1865) was an American painter and printmaker of a style that would later be called Luminism, for its use of pervasive light. Biography

<mask> was born on December 19, 1804, in Gloucester, Massachusetts. <mask> was christened <mask> on March 17, 1805, and would remain known as such until he was 27. It was not until March 13, 1832, that the state of Massachusetts would officially grant <mask>'s own formal request (made in a letter dated December 26, 1831) to change his name from Nathaniel Rogers to <mask>. As with practically all aspects of <mask>'s life, the subject of his name is one surrounded by much confusion—it was not until 2005 that historians discovered that they had been wrongly referring to the artist as <mask>, as opposed to his chosen Fitz <mask>. The reasons behind <mask>'s decision to change his name, and for choosing the name he did, are still very unclear; although, one suggestion is that he did it "to differentiate himself from the well-known miniature painter Nathaniel Rodgers". From the time of his birth, <mask> would be exposed to the sea and maritime life—a factor that obviously had a great impact on his later choice of subject matter.Many circumstances of his young life ensured <mask>'s constant interaction with various aspects of this maritime life, including the fact that <mask>'s family lived "upon the periphery of Gloucester Harbor's working waterfront," and that his father, Jonathan Dennison <mask>, was a sailmaker, and quite possibly owned and ran a sail loft. It is often speculated that <mask> would most likely have

masks:
Fitz Henry Lane
Nathaniel Rogers Lane
Fitz Hugh Lane
Fitz Henry Lane
Lane
Nathaniel Rogers Lane
Lane
Fitz Henry Lane
Lane
Fitz Hugh
Henry
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane


texts: pursued some seafaring career, or become a sail-maker like his father, instead of an artist, had it not been for a lifelong handicap <mask> developed as a child. Although the cause cannot be known with certainty, it is thought that the ingestion of some part of the Peru-Apple—a poisonous weed also known as jimsonweed—by <mask> at the age of eighteen months caused the paralysis of the legs from which <mask> would never recover. Furthermore, it has been suggested by art historian James A. Craig that because he could not play games as the other children did, he was forced to find some other means of amusement, and that in such a pursuit he discovered and was able to develop his talent for drawing. To go a step further, as a result of his having a busy seaport as immediate surroundings, he was able to develop a special skill in depicting the goings-on inherent in such an environment. <mask> could still have become a sail-maker, as such an occupation entailed much time spent sitting and sewing, and that <mask> already had some experience sewing from his short-lived apprenticeship in shoe-making. However, as evidenced in this quote from <mask>'s nephew <mask>'s "Early Recollections," his interest in art held much sway in his deciding on a career: "Before he became an artist he worked for a short time making shoes, but after a while, seeing that he could draw pictures better than he could make shoes he went to Boston and took lessons in drawing and painting and became a marine artist."<mask> acquired such "lessons" by way of his employment at Pendleton's Lithography shop in Boston, which lasted from 1832 to 1847. With the

masks:
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Edward Lane
Lane


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 refinement and development of his artistic skills acquired during his years working as a lithographer, <mask> was able to successfully produce marine paintings of high quality, as evidenced in his being listed, officially, as a "marine painter" in the Boston Almanac of 1840. <mask> continued to refine his painting style, and consequently, the demand for his marine paintings increased as well. <mask> had visited Gloucester often while living in Boston, and in 1848, he returned permanently. In 1849, <mask> began overseeing construction of a house/studio of his own design on Duncan's Point—this house would remain his primary residence to the end of his life. <mask> <mask> continued to produce beautiful marine paintings and seascapes into his later years. He died in his home on Duncan's Point on August 14, 1865, and is buried in Oak Grove Cemetery.Training and influences

However ambiguous many aspects of <mask>'s life and career may remain, a few things are certain. First, <mask> was, even in childhood, clearly gifted in the field of art. As was noted by J. Babson, a local Gloucester historian and contemporary in <mask>'s time, <mask> "showed in boyhood a talent for drawing and painting; but received no instruction in the rules till he went to Boston." In addition to confirming <mask>'s early talent, this observation also indicates that <mask> was largely self-taught in the field of art—more specifically drawing and paintings—previous to beginning his employment at Pendleton's lithography firm at the age of 28. <mask>'s first-known and recorded work, a watercolor titled The Burning of the Packet Ship "Boston," executed

masks:
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Fitz
Henry Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane


texts: by <mask> in 1830, is regarded by many art historians as evidence of <mask>'s primitive grasp of the finer points of artistic composition previous to his employment at Pendleton's. <mask> may have supplemented his primary, purely experimental practices in drawing and painting with the study of instructional books on drawing, or more likely, by the study of books on the subject of ship design. Some study of the literature on the subject of ship design seems highly plausible, given that <mask> would have had easy access to many such texts, and, more importantly, the most certain necessity of such a study in order for <mask> to be able to produce works of such accurate detail in realistically depicting a ship as it actually appeared in one of any given number of possible circumstances it faced in traversing the sea.At the time when <mask> began his employment at Pendleton's, it was common practice for aspiring American artists—especially those who, like <mask>, could not afford a more formal education in the arts by traveling to Europe or by attending one of the prestigious American art academies, such as New York's National Academy of Design or Philadelphia's Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts—to seek work as a lithographer, this being the next logical step in their pursuit of a career in the arts. As for why such employment was beneficial to the budding artist, art historian James A. Craig, in his book Fitz H. Lane: An Artist's Voyage through Nineteenth-Century America, the most comprehensive account of <mask>'s life and career, offers this illuminating description of the career evolution of the typical

masks: Lane Lane Lane Lane Lane Lane Lane Lane


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 lithographer:

"... an apprentice's schooling presumably began with the graining of stones, the making of lithographic crayons, and the copying of the designs and pictures of others onto limestone. As his talents developed, the apprentice would find himself gradually taking on more challenging tasks, from drafting and composing images (the role of the designer) to ultimately being permitted to draw his own original compositions upon limestone (that most prestigious of ranks within the litho shop, the lithographic artist). Since the compositional techniques employed in lithography differed little from those taught in European academic drawing, and the tonal work so necessary for the process to succeed was akin to that found in painting (indeed, when his studio began in 1825 John Pendleton specifically sought out painters for employment in his establishment due to their habits of thinking in tonal terms), an apprenticeship within a lithographic workshop like Pendleton's in Boston was roughly equivalent to that offered by fine art academies for beginning students." Working in the lithography shop, <mask> would have been taught the stylistic techniques for producing artistic compositions from the practiced seniors among his fellow employees. As noted above, because Pendleton specifically sought painters to work in his shop, <mask> would most likely have received the benefit of working under and with some of the most skilled aspiring and established marine and landscape painters of his day. The English maritime painter Robert Salmon, who, historians have discovered, came to work at Pendleton's at a period coinciding with

masks: Lane Lane


texts:
 <mask>'s employment therein, is regarded as having had a large impact, stylistically, on <mask>'s early works.Beginning in the early 1840s <mask> would declare himself publicly to be a marine painter while simultaneously continuing his career as a lithographer. He quickly attained an eager and enthusiastic patronage from several of the leading merchants and mariners in Boston, New York, and his native Gloucester. <mask>'s career would ultimately find him painting harbor and ship portraits, along with the occasional purely pastoral scene, up and down the eastern seaboard of the United States, from as far north as the Penobscot Bay/Mount Desert Island region of Maine, to as far south as San Juan, Puerto Rico. Style

From one of his first copied lithographs, View of the Town of Gloucester, Mass (1836), to his very last works, <mask> would incorporate many of the following arrangements and techniques consistently in the composition of his art works, both his lithographs and paintings:
 Nautical subject matter
 Depiction of various naval craft in highly accurate detail
 An overall extensive amount of detail
 The distinctive expanse of sky
 Pronounced attention to depicting the interplay of light and dark
 Hyper-accentuated vegetation within the immediate foreground
 An elevated "insider point of view" perspective

Perhaps most characteristic element of <mask>'s paintings is the incredible amount of attention paid to detail—probably due in part to his lithographic training, as the specific style of lithography that was popular at the time of his training was characterized by the goal of verisimilitude. In terms of <mask>'s

masks: Lane Lane Lane Lane Lane Lane Lane


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 influences and relations to the artistic tradition of Luminism, Barbara Novak, in her book "American Painting in the Nineteenth Century", relates <mask>'s later works to Ralph Waldo Emerson's Transcendentalism (which she relates directly to the emergence of Luminism), claiming that "[<mask>] was the most 'transparent eyeball", and that this was evidenced by <mask>'s balancing of what Novak describes as the "contributions of the primitive and the graphic traditions to his art", the primitive being what he learned on his own by first observing and interacting with the surrounding environment he sought to depict, and the graphic being those skills <mask> acquired through working as a lithographer. This balance does indeed seem to support the connection of <mask>'s works with Luminism, as one definition of luminist art is that "characterized by a heightened perception of reality carefully organized and controlled by principles of design. As one of the styles of landscape painting to emerge in the nineteenth century, luminism embraced the contemporary preoccupation with nature as a manifestation of God's grand plan.It was luminism more than any other of the schools that succeeded in imbuing an objective study of nature with a depth of feeling. This was accomplished through a genuine love and understanding of the elements of nature—discernible in the intimate arrangement of leaves on a bough—and their arrangement to reveal the poetry inherent in a given scene." Legacy
Other findings have shed new light onto not only <mask>'s artistic process but have also revealed him to have been a staunch social reformer, particularly

masks: Lane Lane Lane Lane Lane Lane


texts: within the American temperance movement. As well, the long-held suspicion that <mask> was a transcendentalist has been confirmed, and it has been uncovered that he was also a Spiritualist. Sensational claims that <mask> was "a somewhat saddened and introspective figure … often prone to moodiness with friends", and that his existence was one of "quiet loneliness", have been proven fallacious with the full quotation of the testimony of John Trask, a patron, friend, and next door neighbor of the artist, who states that <mask> "was always hard at work and had no moods in his work. Always pleasant and genial with visitors. He was unmarried having had no romance.He was always a favorite and full of fun. He liked evening parties and was fond of getting up tableaux." Long believed to have given instruction to only one artist during his career—a local lady of limited artistic abilities named Mary Mellen—it has now been established that <mask> was the instructor and mentor to several other artists, most importantly Benjamin Champney and America's other great 19th century marine painter, William Bradford. A contemporary of the Hudson River School, he enjoyed a reputation as America's premier painter of marine subjects during his lifetime, but fell into obscurity soon after his death with the rise of French Impressionism. <mask>'s work would be rediscovered in the 1930s by the art collector Maxim Karolik, after which his art steadily grew in popularity among private collectors and public institutions. His work can now command at auction prices ranging as high as three to five million dollars. The largest collection of his work is

masks: Lane Lane Lane Lane Lane


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 currently held by the Wallace Family of Boston, Massachusetts where his work is on display throughout their family offices, private homes, and estates.Artworks

 The Burning of the Packet Ship "Boston", 1830, watercolor, view
 View of the Town of Gloucester, Mass, 1836, lithograph, view
 Steamer Brittania in a Gale, 1842, oil on canvas, Boston, view
 Gloucester Harbor from Rocky Neck, 1844, Cape Ann Museum Collection, view
 St. Johns, Porto Rico, ca 1850, The Mariners' Museum, view
 Gloucester Inner Harbor, 1850, The Mariners' Museum view
 The Fishing Party, 1850, view
 The Golden State Entering New York Harbor, 1854, oil on canvas, Metropolitan Museum of Art
 Stage Rocks and Western Shore of Gloucester Outer Harbor, 1857, oil on canvas, John Wilmerding Collection, view
 Ship in Fog, Gloucester Harbor, ca. Addison Gallery of American Art, Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts (September 9, 2006 – January 7, 2007); Dulwich Picture Gallery, London (March 14 – June 8, 2008); Meadows Museum of Art, Dallas (November 30 – February 24, 2008); Peggy Guggenheim Collection, Venice (June 27 – October 12, 2008)

References

Sources
 <mask> <mask> at the Cape Ann Museum which has the largest collection of his work (40 paintings and 100 drawings). Craig, James. <mask> H<mask>: An Artist's Voyage Through Nineteenth-Century America. Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2006. .
 Mary Foley. "Fitz <mask>, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and the Gloucester Lyceum." American Art Journal, Vol.27, no. 1/2, 1995/1996
 Gerdts, William H.; C. C. "'The Sea Is His Home': Clarence Cook Visits Fitz <mask>." American Art Journal, Vol. 17, No. 3. (Summer,

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Fitz
Henry Lane
Fitz
. Lane
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Hugh Lane


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 1985), pp. 44–49.Howat, John K.; Sharp, Lewis I.; Salinger, Margaretta M. "American Paintings and Sculpture." Notable Acquisitions (Metropolitan Museum of Art), No. 1975/1979. (1975–1979), pp. 64–67. Novak, Barbara. American Painting of the Nineteenth Century.New York: Praeger Publishers, Inc., 1969. Sharp, Lewis I. "American Paintings and Sculpture." Notable Acquisitions (Metropolitan Museum of Art), No. 1965/1975. (1965–1975), pp. 11–19.Smith, Gayle L."Emerson and the Luminist Painters: A Study of Their Styles" American Quarterly, Vol. 37, No. 2. (Summer, 1985), pp. 193–215. Troyen, Carol. The Boston Tradition.New York: The American Federation of Arts, 1980. Wilmerding, John. The Genius of American Painting. New York: William Morrow & Company, Inc., 1973. Wilmerding, John. "Fitz <mask>: Imitations and Attributions." American Art Journal, Vol.3, No. 2. (Autumn, 1971), pp. 32–40. Wilmerding, John. American Light: The Luminist Movement, 1850–1875. Washington DC: National Gallery of Art, 1980.External links

 Fitz <mask>: An online project under the direction of the CAPE ANN MUSEUM Gloucester, Massachusetts
 Museo Thyssen Bornemisza Biography and Works: Fitz <mask>
 Art and the Empire City: New York, 1825-1861, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on <mask> (see index)
 Fitz <mask> on Artfact.com

1804 births
1865 deaths
19th-century American painters
19th-century male artists
American male painters
American landscape painters
Luminism (American art style)
People from Gloucester, Massachusetts
American marine artists
Painters from

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Hugh Lane
Henry Lane
Henry Lane
Lane
Hugh Lane


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<mask> (born 15 June 1991) is an English professional cricketer. <mask> is a right-handed batsman who fields as a wicket-keeper. He was born in Pembury in Kent and plays for Kent County Cricket Club. He has played for the county since he was eight years old and in October 2017 was appointed as the vice-captain of the team before being appointed as captain in January 2018, replacing <mask>. <mask> is regarded as a versatile cricketer who studies the game intensely and has an imaginative range of scoring shots. He has appeared mainly in limited overs formats for the England cricket team and made his Test cricket debut in January 2022. He has played Twenty20 franchise cricket in the Pakistan Super League, Indian Premier League and in the Big Bash League in Australia.Early and personal life
<mask> was born in Pembury, Kent and grew up on his family's farm in north Kent. He developed as a good all-round sportsman, playing tennis for Kent and being offered a trial for Tottenham Hotspur Football Club after scoring a hat-trick against the team's academy side whilst playing for Corinthian under-14s. He also played racquets, squash and rugby. His grandfather, <mask>, was a racquets champion and his cousin, <mask>, is a world ranked player of the game. <mask> attributes racquets with helping to develop his batting skills, in particular his hand-eye coordination. <mask> attended New Beacon School, Sevenoaks, and then Haileybury College in Hertfordshire, appearing regularly for their cricket First XI throughout his school career. He studied for a degree in Sport and Exercise Science at Loughborough University.<mask> has said that he was "nowhere near good enough" to become a professional cricketer before his time at university and credits it with

masks:
Samuel William Billings
Billings
Sam Northeast
Billings
Billings
Ron Billings
Tom Billings
Billings
Billings
Billings


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 encouraging him to work hard to develop his talent. Early career
<mask> made his first-class debut for Loughborough MCCU against Northamptonshire in 2011. He made a further first-class appearance for the team in 2011, against Leicestershire. In his four first-class matches for Loughborough MCCU, he scored 321 runs at an average of 45.85, with a high score of 131. This score came in his debut match against Northamptonshire. Kent career
Whilst at university <mask> was also a member of the Kent squad, and he made his debut for the county in May 2011 in a first-class match against his university side, Loughborough MCCU. During the 2011 season he also made his List A debut for Kent against the Netherlands in the 2011 Clydesdale Bank 40, standing in for regular wicket-keeper Geraint Jones.<mask> made three further List A appearances in the 2011 season, as well as playing in four matches in the 2011 Friends Provident t20. After leading the county in one day runs scored in 2012, <mask> replaced former England wicket-keeper Jones in Kent's 2013 Friends Life t20 campaign. At the end of the season he kept wicket in the County Championship, breaking Jones' string of 115 consecutive Championship appearances for Kent before playing Sydney Grade Cricket for Penrith District Cricket Club during the 2013–14 English winter. <mask> became the first choice wicket-keeper for Kent in the 2014 season. He played for in the champion county match in Abu Dhabi at the beginning of the 2015 season before scoring 693 runs at an average of 29.80 in the 2015 County Championship season and making his England One Day and T20 debuts. He was awarded his Kent county cap in August 2015 during the annual Canterbury Cricket Week and signed a contract extension with Kent, in

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 January 2016. After spending the winter playing one-day international cricket with England and featuring in both the Pakistan Super League (PSL) and Indian Premier League (IPL) T20 competitions, <mask> returned to Kent at the end of May having missed six County Championship matches as well as the start of both one-day competitions.During the 2016 season he became only the second Kent wicket-keeper to take seven catches in an innings and the tenth to claim nine dismissals in a first-class match, both one short of equalling the record for the county, and made his highest score in first-class cricket. <mask> spent the following winter playing for England in Bangladesh, Sydney Sixers in the Big Bash League and for England again in India and the West Indies as well as once again playing in the PSL and IPL. England duty again kept him away from Kent for parts of the 2017 season and he played in only six of the county's County Championship matches during the season, although he was ever present during the T20 Blast. He averaged 43.66 in the Championship games he played and captained the side in a tour match against the West Indies in August. At the end of the season he signed a new contract with Kent and was appointed officially as the team's vice-captain. Following <mask>'s removal as Kent captain in early 2018 <mask> was appointed to the post as his replacement, despite some disquiet about his participation in the 2018 Indian Premier League. This meant that he missed the first part of the County Championship and One Day Cup seasons.The team was captained by Joe Denly in <mask>' absence. Later in the season <mask> once again signed a contract extension. International career

<mask> was first called into the England Performance Programme in

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Billings
Billings
Sam Northeast
Billings
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Billings
Billings


texts: 2014 and took part in a training camp in Sri Lanka during the represented the English winter. He had played for an ECB under-16 side in 2006 and for England age group sides at under-17 and under-18 level before touring Bangladesh with the England under-19 side in 2009. He was named in the squad for the England Lions cricket team in the 2014/15 off-season in South Africa, making his debut and scoring 53 against a Gauteng Invitation XI in January 2015 and going on to play for the Lions in four of the five unofficial one-day international matches on the tour. In late 2014 he had been named in the provisional squad for the England cricket team before the 2015 Cricket World Cup, replacing the injured Craig Kieswetter, but did not feature in the final squad for the tournament. <mask> made his senior England international debut in an ODI against the touring New Zealand team in June 2015, playing as a batsman and scoring three runs.After playing in all five ODIs during the series, he made his Twenty20 International (T20I) debut on 23 June 2015, scoring 21 runs. He was an unused member of the ODI squad against Australia later the same summer before playing in the only T20I against the Australians at the end of August. After the New Zealand series Billing was a regular in England ODI and T20I squads but played infrequently for two years, never appearing in two consecutive England ODI teams until March 2017. He made his England debut as a wicketkeeper in the first T20I against Pakistan in Dubai in November 2015. He made his maiden international half-century in the match, reaching his fifty in 24 balls, before being run out for 53 off the last ball of the England innings. He took two catches and completed a stumping during the Pakistan innings as


texts: England won by 14 runs. He was adjudged man of the match for his performance during the match.He played for the Lions against Pakistan A in Dubai in January 2016, against South Africa in 2016 and was selected for the England squad for the 2016 World Twenty20 competition. He did not make an appearance for England during the competition, other than as a substitute fielder. He was named in a 30-man England Performance Squad for the 2016 domestic season and played for the full England T20 side against Sri Lanka in July 2016 and for the Lions side against Pakistan A and Sri Lanka A, scoring his highest List A cricket score of 175 against Pakistan at Canterbury, before touring Bangladesh with the England One Day International team in October, scoring his maiden ODI half-century with a score of 62 in the final match of the series batting as a replacement opening batsman, to help England to a 2–1 series win. In early 2017 <mask> was part of the England ODI and T20 squad which toured India. He played in the opening List A match of the tour against India A again as a specialist batsman, scoring 93 runs, and in an ODI and T20 match on the tour before playing back to back ODI matches for the first time since his debut series against the West Indies. He was an unused member of the England squad for the 2017 Champions Trophy but played against Ireland, South Africa and West Indies during the summer of 2017. In early 2018 he joined the England squad in Australia for the ODI element of their tour, although he did not appear in any of the matches, before playing in the 2017–18 Trans-Tasman Tri-Series T20 matches against Australia and New Zealand in February.He was, again, an unused member of the England squad for the ODI series against New Zealand which


texts: followed. In October 2019, <mask> was named as the vice-captain and first-choice wicket-keeper in England's T20I squad for their tour of New Zealand. He played in all five T20I matches on the tour, although he only scored 34 runs in his five innings and was not selected for the limited-overs side in South Africa early 2020. In May 2020, he was named in a group of 55 players to begin behind closed doors training ahead of international fixtures starting in England following the COVID-19 pandemic. He was not selected in the Test side to face the West Indies but in July was named in the squad for the ODI series against Ireland After playing in all three matches against Ireland without being dismissed and making scores of 67 and 46, he played in the three T20I matches against the touring Pakistanis. Following the return of more established players for matches at the end of the summer against Australia, <mask> played in only the last T20I of the three-match series, but was selected for the opening ODI. He went on to make his first senior international century in the match, scoring 118 runs, before playing in both of the other matches in the series.Wisden named him in their ODI team of 2020, the only member of the England team to be selected. Following an injury to Ben Foakes in May 2021, <mask> was added to England's Test squad for the first time ahead of the series against New Zealand. He did not play in either of the matches in the series but in August was again added to England's Test squad, this time as wicket-keeper cover for the fourth Test against India. In September 2021, <mask> was named in England's squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup. <mask> made his Test debut for England in the final Test of the 2021–22 Ashes series.


texts:
 Following injuries to both of the side's wicket-keepers, Jos Buttler and Jonny Bairstow, <mask> was added to the squad as a replacement, having been playing in the Big Bash League for Sydney Thunder. He made his debut at the Bellerive Oval in Hobart scoring 29 runs in England's first innings and taking five catches in Australia's second in a debut which was described as composed.Twenty20 franchise leagues
<mask> is a regular participant in Twenty20 franchise leagues around the world. He has played for teams in the Pakistan Super League, Australian Big Bash and Indian Premier League and was scheduled to play in the first season of the abortive South African T20 Global League. He has spoken of his belief that playing T20 cricket with many of the best cricketers in the world is effectively playing international cricket and that players who do so are "going to improve, no doubt", with franchise leagues "fast forward" the growth of cricketers. In December 2015 <mask> was selected by Islamabad United in the 2016 Pakistan Super League draft, the first of three overseas Twenty20 leagues he took part in during 2016. The tournament took place in the United Arab Emirates in February 2016 and was the inaugural season of the competition. <mask> played in five matches for Islamabad, scoring 34 runs with a top score of 26, but saw the opportunity to learn from players such as Australian Test wicket-keeper Brad Haddin as "invaluable". He was retained by Islamabad for the 2017 season, playing in the team's first five matches of the tournament before leaving to join the England ODI team in the Caribbean.In 2018 <mask> was with England in New Zealand at the start of the tournament and, despite joining Islamabad towards the end of the group stage, did not


texts: play a match during the PSL season. <mask> was purchased by Delhi Daredevils in the 2016 Indian Premier League auction in February 2016 for £30,000. He scored 54 runs on his debut for Delhi, helping the team to a victory over Kolkata Knight Riders, before going on to play in four further matches before Delhi were eliminated at the end of the group stage. Despite playing in only five matches in the tournament, <mask> again saw the experience as one which would help him "improve as a player". In particular, he cited the influence of Delhi's coach Rahul Dravid and had approached the IPL, which he rated as a "phenomenal experience", with the intention of developing his skills, particularly against spin bowling. He has credited the experience of working with players from around the world as a major factor in the improvement of his game, from the use of different training methods to eating more effectively. <mask> was retained by Delhi for the 2017 Indian Premier League with the intention of him playing until 1 May in order to return to England to play against Ireland and prepare for the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy.In November 2016 <mask> signed to play for Sydney Sixers in the 2016–17 Big Bash League in Australia. He made his debut for the Sixers in the opening match of the tournament, taking two catches as the team beat Sydney Thunder by nine wickets. After appearing in the Sixers first five matches of the tournament, <mask> left the team to join the England squad in India at the beginning of January 2017. He batted four times for Sydney, averaging 31.25 runs. After playing again for Sydney in the Big Bash League in 2017/18, <mask> was bought by the Chennai Super Kings in the 2018 IPL auction for £71,000. Although he scored a match-winning 56

masks: Billings Billings Billings Billings Billings Billings


texts:
 runs in Chennai's second match of the tournament, a rather disappointing tournament saw him score 108 runs at an average of 13.60 in 10 matches and he did not play in the final as Chennai won the title. In 2018 he captained Bengal Tigers in the T10 League played in the United Arab Emirates having been picked second in the competition's draft in July.A break from overseas T20 leagues saw him play more frequently for Kent, before he was signed to play for Sydney Thunder in the 2020/21 Big Bash. In February 2021, he was bought again by Delhi ahead of the 2021 Indian Premier League, missing the start of Kent's season. In February 2022, he was bought by the Kolkata Knight Riders in the auction for the 2022 Indian Premier League tournament. Career best performances
As of September 2020, <mask> has made six first-class and seven List A centuries, including one in international cricket. The first was a score of 131 made on his first-class debut for Loughborough MCCU against Northamptonshire at the beginning of the 2011 season. He scored his first first-class century for Kent in July 2015 against Essex at Tunbridge Wells, having been out for 99 earlier in the same month against Surrey. His third first-class century, 171 runs, came against Gloucestershire in August 2016 and is his current highest first-class score.<mask>' fourth, fifth and sixth centuries were scored in back-to-back innings in September 2019, including two in the same match against Yorkshire at Headingley, the first time two centuries had been scored by the same player on the ground in a County Championship match. <mask> has scored seven List A cricket centuries and in 2014 shared the Walter Lawrence Trophy for the quickest century in County cricket during the season, scored off

masks: Billings Billings Billings


texts:
 46 balls against Somerset in a 2014 Royal London One-Day Cup match. His highest List A score of 175 was made for England Lions against Sri Lanka A at his home ground of Canterbury during July 2016 whilst his highest Twenty20 score of 95 not out was made for Kent against Hampshire at Beckenham in July 2018. In September 2020 Billing scored his debut senior international century, making a score of 118 in a One Day International match between England and Australia at Old Trafford cricket ground. As of 12 September 2020

Support for cricketing causes
<mask> has been involved in supporting the development of cricket by charitable organisations and throughout the world. He has supported activities organised by the Lord's Taverners and worked with disabilities cricket teams with the charity and with NatWest’s Cricket has no boundaries campaign. He is an ambassador for the Taverners and launched a cricket ambassador programme for them in 2016.He has worked with youth cricket teams and in October 2017 visited Rwanda to play in a T20 cricket match to mark the opening of the Rwanda Cricket Stadium. He is a patron of cricket in Rwanda. References

External links

1991 births
Living people
People from Pembury
Alumni of Loughborough University
English cricketers
England Test cricketers
England One Day International cricketers
England Twenty20 International cricketers
Loughborough MCCU cricketers
Kent cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
Islamabad United cricketers
Delhi Capitals cricketers
Corinthian F.C. (Kent) players
World XI Twenty20 International cricketers
Association footballers not categorized by position
Chennai Super Kings cricketers
Sydney Sixers cricketers
English footballers
Oval Invincibles cricketers
Wicket-keepers
Sydney


texts:
<mask> (born October 3, 1957) is a prolific writer of science fiction and horror, best known for his stories set in the nightmarish future city called Punktown, such as the novel Deadstock (Solaris Books) and the collection Punktown (Ministry of Whimsy Press), from which a story was reprinted in St. Martin's The Year's Best Fantasy and Horror #14. His fiction has also been reprinted in Daw's The Year's Best Horror Stories XXII, The Year's Best Fantastic Fiction and Quick Chills II: The Best Horror Fiction from the Specialty Press. He has been a 2003 finalist for the Bram Stoker Award (Best First Novel) for Monstrocity, and a 2008 finalist for the John W. Campbell Award for Deadstock. Other books by <mask> include the novels Letters from Hades (Bedlam Press) and Monstrocity (Prime Books), and the novella Godhead Dying Downwards (Earthling Publications). The German edition of Punktown has cover art by H. R. Giger. <mask> is also responsible for Necropolitan Press, an independent publisher in the genres of horror, science fiction, dark fantasy, and "the unclassifiable. ", which was founded in 1993 and ceased production between 2001 and March 2008.Personal life
<mask> lives in Massachusetts. His brother Scott is also an accomplished short story writer, collected in such books as Cobwebs and Whispers (Delirium Books) and Westermead (Raw Dog Screaming Press). Works

Punktown

Setting
Punktown is a far future megalopolis, infamous for its level of crime. Originally given the name Paxton, it is described as, “a vast city established by Earth on the planet Oasis but since colonized by numerous other races as well. Even the Chooms, who had lived here before the first Earth people, had come to refer to the city by its nickname of Punktown.”

masks:
Jeffrey Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Jeffrey Thomas


texts:
 Besides the indigenous Choom, human in appearance aside from wide mouths cut back to their ears, the stories often include or focus on a variety of alien races, clones, mutants, and sentient machines. The stories tend to feature common citizens as their protagonists, rather than the larger-than-life heroes of cliché science fiction, an exception being mutant private eye Jeremy Stake, protagonist of the novels Deadstock and Blue War. Beyond their grounding in science fiction, Punktown stories also notably combine elements of horror, fantasy and occasionally detective noir.<mask> has related in interviews that he first devised the city in 1980, with a handful of short stories appearing in small press publications before the collection Punktown was released in 2000. The Punktown stories are sometimes cited as early examples of the New Weird subgenre; Paul Di Filippo in Asimov's describing the initial collection as "a harbinger of the New Weird... Not that the concept of Punktown really needs any shoring-up by cliques or claques." Foreign language editions of a number of Punktown books have appeared in Germany, Russia, Poland, and Greece. Three collections of audio adaptations created by the German company Lausch. Works

Novels
 Monstrocity (May 2003, Prime Books, 236 pages, reprinted as an ebook in Anarchy Books 2011)
 Everybody Scream! (January 2002, iUniverse, 212 pages)
 Nether: Improper Bedtime Stores (with <mask>) (June 2004, Delirium Books)
 Honey Is Sweeter Than Blood (June 2004, Delirium Books) (containing <mask>' contributions to Nether)
 Unholy Dimensions (2005, Mythos Books, 288 pages)
 Thirteen Specimens (Feb. 2006, Delirium Books, 291 pages)
 Doomsdays (Oct. 2007, Dark Regions Press, 264 pages)
 Nocturnal Emissions

masks:
Thomas
Scott Thomas
Thomas


texts:
<mask><mask> (May 18, 1911 – June 26, 1954), an adventurer, explorer, diplomat, spy, journalist, and television news producer best known for his unverified claim of discovering the "Lost City of the Monkey God". <mask> began his career as a radio announcer before getting into journalism. In 1940, he was hired to lead an expedition to search for the "Lost City of the Monkey God" in Honduras. After five months, he claimed to have found the city and brought thousands of artifacts back to the United States to prove it. He promised to return soon for a proper excavation, but never did, nor did he reveal the precise location of his find. <mask> spent the later years of his life as a diplomat, then a producer of news films. He took his own life in 1954.In 2013, Christopher S. Stewart wrote a book about Morde and his hunt for a legendary "lost city" that some have equated with la Ciudad Blanca. Douglas Preston's 2017 book The Lost City of the Monkey God shows that, based on Morde's own expedition journals, Morde never found any ruins and completely fabricated his story of having done so. Early life
Descended from whalers, <mask><mask> was born in New Bedford, Massachusetts on March 17, 1911. After graduating from New Bedford High School, he toured Europe. Career
Morde got a job as a radio announcer for WNBH in New Bedford before taking special classes at Brown University from 1935-36. He then studied with the Hamilton Wright Agency to become a journalist. He later worked at radio stations in Pawtucket, Providence, and San Francisco.As a journalist, he covered both sides of the Spanish Civil War in 1938. In 1942, he was a correspondent stationed with the British Eighth Army in Northern Africa during World War II. Around the same time, he served as general manager of Reader's Digest Near Eastern edition. In 1947, he covered the Arab side of the Palestine War. Explorer
In 1940 George Gustav Heye hired <mask> to lead an expedition to Honduras for the Museum of the American Indian. Two previous expeditions, performed by  R. Stuart Murray,

masks:
Theodore A
. Morde
Morde
Morde
Theodore A
. Morde
Morde


texts: had turned up rumors of a lost city, which according to Murray the locals called the "Lost City of the Monkey God." In addition to searching for the city, <mask>'s expedition sought to study the indigenous people of the region, further explore known archaeological sites, and chart the upper reaches of the Wampú River.After four months, <mask> and his colleague, Laurence C. Brown, emerged from the forest and sent news of a great find. "'City of the Monkey God' is believed located: Expedition reports success in Honduras expedition" read the headline of the New York Times. When they returned to the states they brought thousands of artifacts to back their claim that they had found the lost city. They described their find as the capital of an agricultural civilization of the Chorotega people. Artifacts found included blades, a flute, sculptured idols, and stone utensils. <mask> and Brown also reported seeing evidence of gold, silver, platinum, and oil in the region. According to <mask>, flooding prevented formal excavation, but he planned to return in January 1941.<mask> went on to write a colorful travelogue of his experiences titled "In the Lost City of Ancient America's Monkey God" for The American Weekly. "I am convinced that we have found the site of the legendary Lost City of the Monkey God", he began the travelogue. He described "penetrating far into little known Mosquitia Territory" and warding off "malaria, deadly snakes, vicious insects and jungle beasts" before coming upon the ruins. "Towering mountains" flanked the "ideal setting" where he discovered a walled city with a monkey god that resembled Hanuman from Hindu culture. The temple of the god was not found, but local Paya guides described what it once looked like in detail allegedly passed down from their ancestors who had seen it. When <mask> asked his guides about the Monkey God, they told him a story of a monkey who had stolen three women. In a story, the monkey and the women bred and made half-monkey half-human children.The half-breeds were hunted three at a

masks: Morde Morde Morde Morde Morde Morde


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 time for revenge. A similar story was later told to American anthropologist James Taggart by Nahuat speakers. According to the stories Morde was told, the monkey god was once worshipped with human sacrifice by Chorotega people. He also described a "Dance of the Dead Monkeys", a still practiced "perverted memory of that old form of worship", according to Morde. In great detail he describes how hunters kill three monkeys apiece and put them in the fire to "dance" as the heat makes their muscles contract. He describes a second legend, "the Sacred Bird of the Chorotegans", where a beautiful queen was changed into a Margarita bird by an evil god Wampai. Morde never did return to Honduras, or reveal the precise location of his find.His city has been associated with the legend of la Ciudad Blanca in the Mosquitia region of eastern Honduras. Diplomat
Morde also had ties to the OSS, and received a bronze star medal for actions in Ankara, Turkey 1943 as a Lieutenant, junior grade. After World War II, he served as a special adviser to the Egyptian Premier for the US government, and as adviser to the Egyptian Ambassador in Washington, D.C.

Later in life, Morde founded Theodore Morde, Inc. to produce news films, and served as the president of Spot News Productions. Personal life
<mask> was married to Gloria E. Gustafson, a model employed by the John Robert Powers Agency. The couple had two children—Christine and <mask>. Morde had a brother and a sister, and was an avid traveler. Death
On June 26, 1954, Morde was found hanging from the shower stall of his parents' home in Dartmouth, Massachusetts.His death was ruled a suicide by the medical examiner. Conspiracy theorists later asserted sinister forces were behind his death. Some normally reliable sources written much later report that Morde had been run over by an automobile in London, England "shortly" after his expedition to Honduras. Legacy

Jungleland
In 2013, journalist Christopher S. Stewart wrote a book titled Jungleland about the legend of la Ciudad Blanca and Morde. He went to

masks: Morde Theodore


texts:
 Honduras and undertook an expedition with archaeologist Christopher Begley in 2008 where he attempted to retrace Morde's steps using his original field journals. Stewart interviewed Morde's surviving family members and provided an account of his life. In 2015 archeologists discovered a "lost city" in the region, thought to be associated with the civilization discovered by Morde.At the scientists' urging, the Honduran government dispatched army forces to protect the site from looters. The Lost City of the Monkey God
In his 2017 book The Lost City of the Monkey God, Douglas Preston states that <mask> fabricated all of his claims about finding a lost city. Preston obtained copies of <mask>'s expedition journals from the National Geographic Society, which had in turn obtained the journals from Morde's family in 2016. The journals, written by <mask> and Brown together, show that they never found any ruins, and indeed, they never searched for any in the first place. Their supposed archaeological expedition was actually a cover; the real purpose of the trip was to search for gold along the Río Blanco, nowhere near the reported location of the purported lost city. Their search for gold was a failure, and the men left the jungle after their supplies ran low and a storm destroyed their equipment. The artifacts the two men supposedly brought back from the lost city were acquired near Brewer's Lagoon after their return from the deep jungle.The journals do not confirm whether the story about actually finding the fantastic lost city was pre-planned from the start or improvised after their failure to locate gold, although Preston indicates that he believes it was pre-planned. On June 17, 1940, the last day of the expedition, just before emerging from the jungle, <mask> wrote, "We are convinced no great civilization ever existed up there. And there are no archaeological discoveries of importance to be made." References

1911 births
1954 deaths
Explorers of Central America
American ethnologists
1954 suicides
Suicides by hanging in

masks: Morde Morde Morde Morde


texts:
<mask>  (6 April 1870, Husum – 30 July 1959, Freiburg im Breisgau) was a German physician and neurologist. He and his wife <mask>er are known for their extensive cytoarchetectonic studies on the brain. Personal life
He was born in Husum, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Vogt studied medicine at Kiel and Jena, obtaining his doctorate from Jena in 1894. The Vogts met in 1897 in Paris, and eventually married in 1899. The Vogts were close to the Krupp family. Friedrich Alfred Krupp financially supported them, and in 1898, <mask> and Cécile founded a private research institute called the Neurologische Zentralstation (Neurological Center) in Berlin, which was formally associated with the Physiological Institute of the Charité as the Neurobiological Laboratory of the Berlin University in 1902.This institute served as the basis for the 1914 formation of the Kaiser Institut für Hirnforschung (Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Brain Research), of which <mask> was a director. There, he had students from many countries who went on to prominent careers including Jerzy Rose (mentor of Michael Merzenich),  Valentino Braitenberg (mentor of Christof Koch), Korbinian Brodmann, Rafael Lorente de Nó and Harald Brockhaus. This institute gave rise to the Max Planck Institute for Brain Research in 1945. As a clinician, Vogt used hypnotism (Stuckrade-Barre and Danek 2004) until 1903 and wrote papers on the topic. In particular, Vogt had an intense interest for localizing the origins of "genius" or traits in the brain. Family
Vogt married the French

masks:
Oskar Vogt
Ccile Vogt Mugni
Oskar
Oskar


texts:
 neurologist Cécile <mask>-Mugnier. They met in Paris in 1897 while he was there working with Joseph Jules Dejerine and his wife, Augusta Marie Dejerine-Klumke, who collaborated with him.Because of their similar scholarly interests, the Vogts collaborated for a long period, usually with Cécile as the primary author. The Vogts had two daughters, both accomplished scientists in their own right:
 Marthe <mask> (1903–2003) was a neuropharmacologist who became a Fellow of the Royal Society and a Professor at Cambridge. <mask> (1913–2007) started as a developmental geneticist working in Drosophila, then moved to the US in 1950. She developed methods to culture poliovirus with Renato Dulbecco. She was a faculty member at The Salk Institute for Biological Studies where she worked on viral transformation and cellular immortalization of cancer cells. Politics
Vogt was a socialist, involved with the factions led by Mme Fessard who knew him personally, and with the guesdist element of the French socialist party (Jules Guesde was at the far left wing of this party). He was never a Communist, although he did interact with the Soviets on a number of occasions.They sent him several researchers, including N. V. Timofeev-Resovskij (whom Solzhenitsyn met in the Gulag). He helped to establish the brain institute in Moscow. Vogt was opposed to the Nazi Party. Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach helped fund a small hospital in Schwarzwald near Neustadt when Vogt was dismissed in 1936 from his position with the Kaiser Wilhelm Brain

masks:
Vogt
Vogt
Marguerite Vogt


texts:
 Research Institute. Institutes and journals
Vogt was the editor of the prominent Journal für Psychologie und Neurologie published in German, French and English which made many of the most important contributions between the two World Wars. This later became The Journal für Hirnforschung. Lenin's brain
Vogt had a longstanding interest in localizing functions in the brain.In 1924, <mask> was one of the neurologists asked to consult on Lenin’s illness and was given his brain for histological study after Lenin's death. He found that Lenin's brain showed a great number of "giant cells", which Vogt saw as a sign of superior mental function. "The giant cells" were cortical pyramidal cells of unusual size. There were also particularities in layer 3. In 1925 <mask> accepted an invitation to Moscow where he was assigned the establishment of an institute for brain research under the auspices of the health ministry in Moscow. Vogt got one slice of the 30,953 slices of 20 micrometer thick of the brain, and took it home to Berlin for research purposes. Therefore, contrary to claims of two Belgian neurologists, L. Van Bogaert and A. Dewulf, the Soviets did not have to carry out a military operation specifically to retrieve the brain before the Americans obtained it.It was, for a time, put on display in the Lenin Mausoleum. The brain is still in the Moscow's Institute. Contributions

The contributions of the Vogts are of the first order as their work applies to several parts of the brain and had a considerable influence on

masks: Vogt Vogt


texts:
 international neurological sciences. Cortex
An interest in the correlation between anatomy and psychology drew the Vogts to study the cortex. The Vogts imposed the distinction between iso- and allocortex. Based on their cytoarchitectonic studies, they promoted a six-layer pattern (there were 5 for Meynert and 7 for Cajal). Thalamus
<mask> made several presentations of his view of the thalamus in Paris.<mask> and Cécile further referred to the work of Constantin von Monakow in a series on the anatomy of mammals. This was not a seminal work. The main contribution of the Vogts was La myelocytoarchitecture du thalamus du cercopithèque from Cécile alone (1909). The great contribution of Cécile has been that the partition of the lateral region (lateral mass) should rely on the territories (the spaces occupied) of the main afferents. She distinguished from back to front the lemnical radiation and a particular nucleus, in front of it the cerebellar (prelemniscal) radiation with another nucleus and more anteriorly the "lenticular" radiation. This system still describes the subdivision of the thalamus (Percheron, 1977, Percheron et al. 1996).Her paper was followed by Die cytoarchitechtonik des Zwishenhirns de Cercothipiteken from Friedmann (1911) traducing in cytoarchitectonic terms, her partition. A paper published in common in 1941 (Thalamus studien I to III), devoted to the human thalamus, represented an important step in partitioning and naming thalamic parts. The anatomy of the thalamus from Hassler (one of their

masks: Oskar Oskar


texts:
 students) was published in 1959, the year of the death of <mask>. It is not known whether the master accepted the excessive partition and unnecessary complication of this work; it was an atlas dedicated to stereotacticans. The paper of 1941 was much simpler. Basal ganglia
The Vogts greatly contributed to the analysis of what is known today as the basal ganglia system. Their main interest was on the striatum, that after Foix and Nicolesco they proposed (1941) to name so.This was including the caudate nucleus, the putamen and the fundus. Eponym
The Vogt-Vogt syndrome is an extrapyramidal disturbance with double sided athetosis occurring in early childhood. Gallery

Awards
 1950 — National Award GRD

References

Schiffer, Davide, "Il Prof Vogt e i suoi celebri studi sul cervello di Lenin" (https://www.policlinicodimonza.it/prof-vogt-i-suoi-celebri-studi-sul-cervello-lenin)
Spengler, Tilman (1991), Lenins Hirn, Reinbek, Rowohlt. Translated as Lenin's Brain, Farrar, Straus, Giroux books, 1993 (Romanticized history). Stukrade-Barre, S and Danek, A. (2004), "<mask> Vogt (1870–1959), hypnotist and brain researcher, husband of Cecile (1875–1962)", in: Nerven arzt 75, pp. 1038–1041 (in German)
Horst-Peter Wolff (2009), Cécile und <mask> Vogt.Eine illustrierte Biographie Fürstenberg / Havel 2009 [Klagenfurter Beiträge zur Technikdiskussion, Heft 128] (https://ubdocs.aau.at/open/voll/tewi/AC08125853.pdf)

External links

 Biography

1870 births
1959 deaths
People from Husum
German neurologists
Members of the German Academy

masks: Oskar Oskar Oskar