texts:
 he would argue against a stricter lockdown being imposed on the Western Cape as a whole. On 24 December 2020, Winde urged all religious gatherings in the province to not be held in-person. He formally requested tighter restrictions on 28 December, but again distanced himself from the idea of a hard lockdown.President Ramaphosa announced on the same day that liquor sales would again be suspended until further notice. Winde welcomed the decision. <mask> said on 20 January 2021 that the first two weeks of the suspension had cost the Western Cape economy over R1 billion. While delivering his 2022 State of the Province Address (SOPA) on 15 February 2022, <mask> demanded that Ramaphosa end the national COVID-19 state of disaster. He said: "To be clear: we want the date and the time, and not generalised commitment." Personal life
<mask> married his wife Tracy in 1993. They have two children and live in the suburb of Claremont, Cape Town.Winde's son is studying sound engineering while his daughter is still in high school. Winde is a member of his daughter's school governing body. Winde is a type 2 diabetic. In May 2021, it was reported that he managed to turn his twelve-year history with diabetes around by doing a 21-day plant-based eating programme with the help of the Ubuntu Wellness Centre, a wellness non-profit organisation in Cape Town. References

External links

 People's Assembly profile
 Provincial Minister of Community Safety
 Premier of the Western Cape: Overview
 Profile: <mask> at CFO South Africa
 <mask>, Mr at Government of South Africa
 Sunday Read: From entrepreneur to premier - Winde takes over the wild West – Fin24

|-

|-

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Living people
1965 births
White South African people
People from Knysna
South African businesspeople
South African politicians
20th-century South African politicians
21st-century South African politicians
Politicians from Cape Town
Democratic Alliance (South Africa) politicians
Members of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament
Premiers of

masks:
Winde
Winde
Winde
Alan Winde
Alan Winde


type: original

texts:
<mask> (July 7, 1805  November 2, 1887) was a Boston merchant active in the China trade, and later head of Baring Brothers in London. Early life
Sturgis was born <mask>, jr., in Boston, Massachusetts on July 7, 1805. He was a son of <mask> (1779–1856) and his wife, Susannah Thomsen (née Parkman) <mask>. His younger brother was fellow merchant <mask> (father of author <mask>), who served as United States Consul to the Philippines. His paternal grandparents were the merchant <mask> (1750-1826) and Elizabeth (née Perkins<mask> (a sister of merchant Thomas Handasyd Perkins), both of Boston Brahmin families. Through his great-uncle <mask> (the younger brother of his grandfather <mask>), he was a second cousin of architect and art critic <mask> (1836-1909), who married Sarah Maria Barney, a daughter of Danford Newton Barney, a president of Wells Fargo & Company. Sturgis entered Harvard College at the age of twelve and graduated in 1823 as a member of the Phi Beta Kappa society.He studied law at Northampton, Massachusetts. Career

In 1828, he changed his name legally to <mask>. That same year, after his second marriage, he made his first voyage abroad then practiced law in Boston for a time. He sailed for Canton in 1833 on behalf of opium trader John Perkins Cushing, settling for some time in Macau where Lady Elizabeth Napier, wife of British emissary William John, 9th Lord Napier, found him "very intelligent". While he was there, his portrait and those of three of his four children by his second wife, Mary Greene Hubbard, were painted by the English

masks: Maria Trinidad Howard Sturgis Middlemore


texts:
 portraitist George Chinnery. In Asia, he entered a succession of trading firms (Russell & Sturgis of Manila; Russell, Sturgis & Co. of Canton; Russell & Co.), and in 1842 he became a full partner. In 1844, Sturgis retired to Boston to rejoin his children who had been sent there to school after their mother's 1837 death in Manila.He married for a third time, to Julia Overing Boit, and decided to return to China with his family in 1851. The steamer on which they crossed the Atlantic arrived too late to catch the onward ship from London. In their interval there, <mask> was asked by the senior member of Barings Bank to become a partner. He accepted and ultimately became head of the firm, succeeding fellow American Joshua Bates (husband to Sturgis' cousin Lucretia). In England, he lived at 17 Carlton House Terrace in London (today home to the Federation of British Artists and the Mall Galleries), and Givons Grove in Leatherhead. Although he never renounced his U.S. citizenship, Sturgis did not return to the United States and died in England in 1887. Personal life

Sturgis married three times.He married his first wife, Lucy Lyman Paine (1805–1828), on April 3, 1828. Lucy was a daughter of Henry Paine and his wife Olive Lyman. Her paternal grandfather was Robert Treat Paine, a lawyer, politician, signer of the Declaration of Independence, and the first Attorney General of Massachusetts. Lucy died, aged 22, on August 20, 1828, just four months after their marriage. On September 28, 1829, Sturgis married his second wife, Mary Greene Hubbard


texts:
 (1806–1837), a daughter of John Hubbard and his wife Jane Parkinson. She bore four children, the youngest of whom (Mary Greene Sturgis) died in infancy:. The other three, all of whom were members of the Codman family, were:

 <mask>, jr. (1831–1899), who married Susan Codman Welles (1832–1862), a daughter of Benjamin Welles  and his wife Susan Codman.After his wife's death, this Sturgis married Margaret Cenos McCulloh (1835–1927), a daughter of Maryland Speaker James W. McCulloh, who was the center of the landmark Supreme Court case McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 U.S. 316 (1819), and his wife, Abigail Sears. Lucy Lyman Paine <mask> (1833–1907), who married Col. <mask> Codman (1829–1918)
 John Hubbard <mask> (1834–1888), an architect who married Frances Anne Codman (a half-sister to Lucy's husband Charles). After the death of his wife Mary, Sturgis married, for a third time, to Julia Overing Boit (1823–1888) on June 4, 1846. She was the daughter of John Boit Jr., one of the first Americans involved in the maritime fur trade. and his wife Eleanor Auchmuty Jones. With Julia, Sturgis had four more children:

 Henry Parkman <mask> (1847–1929), who served as a Member of Parliament for South Dorset and High Sheriff of the County of London. He married the Hon.Mary Cecilia Brand, daughter of Speaker Henry Brand, 1st Viscount Hampden, in 1872. After her death in 1886, he married Marie "Mariette" Eveleen Meredith, a daughter of the novelist George Meredith, in 1896. <mask> <mask> (1848–1904), a novelist, poet, librettist and lyricist who married Mary Maud de

masks:
Russell Sturgis
Sturgis
Charles Russell
Sturgis
Sturgis
Julian Russell
Sturgis


texts:
 la Poer Beresford, a daughter of Colonel Marcus de La Poer Beresford, in 1883. Mary Greene <mask> (1851–1942), who married Lt.-Col. Leopold Richard Seymour (1841–1904), son of British diplomat Sir Hamilton Seymour and a grandson of Lord George Seymour and Henry Trevor, 21st Baron Dacre. After his death, she married Bertram Falle, 1st Baron Portsea in 1906. Howard Overing <mask> (1855–1920), a novelist and close friend of Henry James and Edith Wharton. After the death of his mother in 1888 he moved with his lover, William Haynes-Smith, into a country house named Queen's Acre, near Windsor Great Park.<mask> died at his country seat in Leatherhead, Surrey on November 2, 1887. His widow also died there, less than a year later, on May 31, 1888. Descendants
Through his daughter Lucy, he was a grandfather of Anne McMasters Codman (1864–1944) (who married Henry Bromfield Cabot), and lawyer Julian Codman (1870–1932), who was a vigorous opponent of Prohibition and was involved with the Anti-Imperialist League. Julian married Nora Chadwick, a daughter of Dr. James Read Chadwick. Through his eldest son, <mask>, Sturgis was a grandfather of architect Richard Clipston <mask> (1860–1951) who was successor to his uncle's practice. He married Esther Mary Ogden and was the father of Richard Clipston <mask> Jr., also an architect. References
Notes

Sources

External links

1805 births
1887 deaths
Businesspeople from Boston
Harvard College alumni
Phillips Exeter Academy alumni
American expatriates in China
American merchants
19th-century American

masks:
Hubbard Sturgis
Sturgis
Sturgis
Russell
Sturgis
Sturgis


texts:
<mask> (8 May 1912 – 19 March 2009) was an Austrian writer and a prolific author, especially of historical novels. Many commentators felt that her reputation never entirely escaped from the shadow cast by her enthusiasm, as a young woman, for National Socialism. Life

Provenance and early years
<mask> was born in Pilsen, a flourishing manufacturing city in Bohemia which at that time was a Crown land of the Austrian Empire. She came from a military family. Emil Fussenegger, her father, was an Imperial and Royal army officer originally from Vorarlberg. Her mother, born Karoline Hässler, was from Bohemia. She grew up in Neu Sandez (then in Galicia), Dornbirn (Vorarlberg) and Telfs (North Tirol).She enrolled at the Mädchen-Realgymnasium (girls' secondary school) in Innsbruck in 1923. After her mother died in 1926 she moved back to Pilsen – by now part of Czechoslovakia – where she lived with her grandparents. It was at the "Reform-Realgymnasium" (school) in Pilsen that Fussenegger completed her schooling, passing her Matura (school final exams) in 1930. She later confided in her diaries that she sometimes felt a little regretful, listening uncomprehendingly to the chattering of her grandparents' Bohemian-born domestic servants, that having lived almost all of her first fourteen years in other parts of Austria, she had not more effectively mastered the Czech language. She went on to study history, art history and philosophy at Innsbruck (7 terms) and Munich(1 term). It was from the University of Innsbruck that in 1934 she received her doctorate. Her dissertation concerned the Roman de la Rose by Jean de Meun

masks:
Gertrud Fussenegger
Gertrud Anna Fussenger


texts:
 ("Gemeinschaft und Gemeinschaftsbildung im Rosenroman von Jean Clopinel von Meun").Politics
Fussenegger joined the Austrian National Socialist party – still at this stage formally separate from its German counterpart – in May 1933. Membership was still illegal in Austria. In May 1934 she participated in a demonstration in Innsbruck at which, it was reported, she had joined in singing of the Horst-Wessel song and gave a Hitler salute. She was charged, convicted and fined. According to one source she was also banned from further study at any Austrian university. In February 1935 she was still a member of another Austrian National Socialist student group, but later that year, in or before November, she relocated to Germany. In March 1938, following an invasion from the north that met with little practical resistance, Austria was incorporated into an enlarged German state, albeit under very different circumstances from those that most nineteenth century proponents of such a "solution" would have anticipated.<mask> <mask>, who by now was probably living in Munich, "rejoined" the ruling National Socialist party:  her membership number was 6,229,747, which is consistent with her having joined the party in 1938. For the avoidance of doubt, she also wrote a "hymn" eulogising Adolf Hitler. In 1938 the first newspaper to publish her poem "Stimme der Ostmark" ("Voice of the Ostmark") was the Völkischer Beobachter ("Popular Observer"), the mass-circulation daily newspaper of the NSDAP. Family
In 1935 Fussenegger married the Bavarian sculptor Elmar Dietz. By the time it ended in divorce twelve years later the

masks: Gertrud Fussenegger


texts:
 marriage had produced four recorded children, including the artist Ricarda Dietz. The marriage was not happy. In 1943 she left Munich and settled at Hall in Tirol where she lived with her four children as a single parent.Her second marriage was to another sculptor. In 1950 <mask> Fussenegger married Alois Dorn. This marriage resulted in the birth of her second son and fifth child. Divorce at this time was unusual, especially for a committed member of the Roman Catholic Church. Fussenegger's own insights, reported by a Catholic newspaper, are instructive:
"Since my second marriage was simply a civil one, for a long time I was not permitted to receive the sacraments. I found that deeply painful, but the pain also became very productive for me. It was the only way I could come to a recognition of the full preciousness of the Eucharist.I therefore cannot regret the bitter tears I often shed at that time. That ban was actually a gift." "Da meine zweite Ehe nur standesamtlich geschlossen war, war ich sehr lange von den Sakramenten ausgeschlossen. Das habe ich als tief schmerzlich empfunden, doch es war ein Schmerz, der auch sehr fruchtbar für mich geworden ist. Nur so ist mir die ganze Kostbarkeit der Eucharistie bewusst geworden. Ich kann es nicht bedauern, dass ich in jener Zeit oft bittere Tränen vergossen habe. Genau genommen war ich beschenkt durch das Verbot."In 1961 she relocated with her family, settling this time in Leonding, a small town near Linz. Memberships and recognition
<mask> <mask> was a member of the Austrian P.E.N. association, of the Humboldt Society, of the Sudeten German Academy and an

masks: Gertrud Gertrud Fussenegger


texts:
 honorary member of the Austrian Writers' Association. Between 1977 and 1979, and again from 1984 till 1985, she was a jury member for the Ingeborg Bachmann Prize, awarded each year in Klagenfurt. In 1991 she was a jury member for the Franz-Grillparzer Prize of the Alfred Toepfer foundation. In 1978 she was honoured with an award from the Humboldt Society. <mask>'s literary archive is held by the Upper Austria Literature Archive at the Stifterhaus in Linz.Artistic output
Fussnegger began her writing career with historical novels, set in various different epochs. Her stories were influenced by her Catholic provenance. She was conscious of her reliance on the "renouveau catholique" movement which had originated in France but during the twentieth century became more of an international phenomenon. That reliance is particularly pronounced in her novel "Zeit des Raben, Zeit der Taube" (1960: "Time of the raven:  time of the dove"). <mask> Fassenegger authored more than sixty books, alongside various shorter prose pieces and poems, published, according to at least one source, by 25 publishers and translated into eleven languages. Fussenegger and the Third Reich
Fussenegger's relationship with National Socialism did much to define both her early writing career and a degree of controversy around her person which never completely went away. She joined the NSDAP in Austria in 1933 and rejoined it in Germany after the Anschluss in 1938.In 1939 she became a member of the government-created Reichsschrifttumskammer (loosely, "national chamber of writers" / RSK). She took part on the Weimar Poets' Congress in 1938

masks:
Gertrude Gussenger
Gertrud


texts: and again in 1939, and was in touch with well-known "völkisch" authors such as Ina Seidel, Lulu von Strauß und Torney, Will Vesper and Wilhelm Pleyer. And yet, despite her commitment to the regime, literary objections to her work came out of the "Office for the Care of New Literature" ("Amt Schrifttumspflege") which operated under the direction of Hans Hagemeyer and, less directly, of the influential party ideologue Alfred Rosenberg. Two years after its publication one of her first books, "Mohrenlegende" (1937:  loosely "Legends of the dark skinned ones") was (belatedly) banned by the party experts who now identified it as criticism of official race ideology and "Catholic dross" ("katholisches Machwerk"). Controversy about this particular work resurfaced in 1993 in connection with proposals to award Fussenegger the Weilheim Literature Prize and the Jean-Paul Prize awarded by "The Free State of Bavaria". Many of Fussenegger's other pieces, mostly during this period religiously contextualised novels, poems and reviews, found their way into important party newspapers and journals. Most (in)famously, her poem "Stimme der Ostmark" ("Voice of the Ostmark") was printed in 1938 by the Völkischer Beobachter.The poem attracted huge criticism after 1945, because it celebrated the "peaceful annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany" and it eulogised Hitler. Around fifty years later <mask> <mask>'s comment on the affair was capable of various interpretations, but it fell short of an unambiguous recantation. She regretted having "wasted so much thinking time on something so loathsome" ("viele gute Gedanken verschwendet


texts:
 ... auf eine Sache, die dann ein Greuel war"). Fussnegger's attitude during the National Socialist period remains controversial. Between 1937 and 1941 27 of her contributions appeared in the Völkischer Beobachter. Other publications with similar political slants that published her work included "Wille und Macht" and "Das Reich". In her more political moments she identified Adolf Hitler as a healing figure.After 1945
After 1945 the Anschluss was undone. The western two-thirds of Germany and the pre-1938 territory of Austria were both divided into military occupation zones, with Berlin and Vienna sub-divided between armies of the same four occupying powers. In Germany's Soviet occupation zone two of Fussenegger's novels, "Der Brautraub" ("The Bride Robbery": 1939) und "Böhmische Verzauberungen" ("Bohemian Enchantments": 1944) were included in the official four volume "List of Discarded Literature". In Vienna, too, several of her works were placed on the "List of banned authors and books". The postwar decades were productive ones for <mask> Fussenegger as a novelist. Yet as late as 1952 she published a brief self-portrait in a literary journal which contained phrases chillingly redolent of National Socialist race ideology. She belonged to a race characterised by "fair skin, bright [blue] eyes, sensitive to bright light, a hybrid of nordic and dinaric features" ("... hellhäutig, helläugig, empfindlich gegen die Wirkung des Lichts, ein Mischtyp aus nordischen und dinarischen Zügen").During the postwar period Fussenegger repeatedly wrestled with the "German guilt" question. One literary critic, Klaus Amann,


texts:
 described her 1979 autobiography "Ein Spiegelbild mit Feuersäule" (loosely, "mirror image with pillars of fire") as "overall a cringe-worthy offering of suppression and obduracy" ("...insgesamt ein peinliches Dokument der Verdrängung und der Verstocktheit"). Other less hostile commentators saw this autobiographical work as a kind of literary penance. During the Hitler years she had included in a 1943 travel report a powerfully horrific description of a Jewish cemetery she had visited in Prague. In it she had employed National Socialist antisemitic shibboleths and stereo-types to condemn the city's Jewish community for the dire condition of the place. In her 1979 autobiographical work she reproduced that description of the Jewish cemetery in Prague three and a half decades earlier, but she had "cleaned it up". She still reported "overflowing tombs", but removed references to Jewish differentness and degeneracy.The overall tone of the text was completely transformed. Awards and honours

 1942 First Prize in "The twentieth century novella" competition
 1951 Adalbert-Stifter prize
 1956 Sponsorship award from the Oldenburgisches Staatstheater
 1962 National East German writing prize
 1958 Nordgau-Kulturpreis der Stadt Amberg ("Poetry" category)
 1963 Adalbert-Stifter prize
 1969 Johann-Peter-Hebel Prize
 1972 Andreas-Gryphius-Preis
 1972 Hauptpreis des Sudetendeutschen Kulturbundes
 1972 Main Arts Prize of the Sudetendeutschen Landsmannschaft
 1972 Verleihung des Professorentitels h. c.
 1979 Mozart-Preis der Alfred Toepfer Stiftung F.V.S. 1979 Humboldt-Plakette
 1981 Österreichisches Ehrenzeichen für


texts:
 Wissenschaft und Kunst
 1983 Konrad-Adenauer-Preis der Deutschland-Stiftung (which she turned down)
 1984 Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany 1st class
 1987 Heinrich Gleißner Prize
 1992 DANUBIUS Donauland non-fiction prize
 1993 Weilheim Literature Prize
 1993 Jean-Paul-Preis
 1999 Arts Medal of Upper Austria
 2002 Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold with Star for Services to the Republic of Austria
 2004 Decoration of Honour for the Tirol
 2007 Pontifical Equestrian Order of Saint Sylvester Pope and Martyr from Pope Benedict XVI
 2007 Egerländer Kulturpreis Johannes-von-Tepl, Arbeitskreis Egerländer Kulturschaffender

Output (selection)

 … wie gleichst du dem Wasser. Novellas. Munich 1929
 Geschlecht im Advent. Roman aus deutscher Frühzeit. Potsdam 1936
 Mohrenlegende.Potsdam 1937
 Der Brautraub. Erzählungen. Potsdam 1939
 Die Leute auf Falbeson. Jena 1940
 Eggebrecht. Erzählungen. Jena 1943
 Böhmische Verzauberungen. Jena 1944
 Die Brüder von Lasawa.Novel. Salzburg 1948
 Das Haus der dunklen Krüge. Novel. Salzburg 1951
 In Deine Hand gegeben. Novel. Düsseldorf/Köln 1954
 Das verschüttete Antlitz. Novel.Stuttgart 1957
 Zeit des Raben, Zeit der Taube. Novel. Stuttgart 1960
 Der Tabakgarten, 6 Geschichten und ein Motto. Stuttgart 1961
 Die Reise nach Amalfi. Radio play. Stuttgart 1963
 Die Pulvermühle. Detective novel.Stuttgart 1968
 Bibelgeschichten. Vienna/Heidelberg 1972
 Widerstand gegen Wetterhähne. Lyrische Kürzel und andere Texte. Stuttgart 1974
 Eines langen Stromes Reise – Die Donau. Linie, Räume, Knotenpunkte. Stuttgart 1976
 Ein Spiegelbild mit Feuersäule. Ein


texts:
 Lebensbericht.Autobiographie. Stuttgart 1979
 Pilatus. Szenenfolge um den Prozess Jesu. Uraufgeführt 1979, verlegt Freiburg i. B./Heidelberg 1982
 Maria Theresia. Vienna/Munich/Zürich/Innsbruck 1980
 Kaiser, König, Kellerhals. Heitere Erzählungen. Vienna/Munich/Zürich/New York 1981
 Sie waren Zeitgenossen.Roman. Stuttgart 1983
 Uns hebt die Welle. Liebe, Sex und Literatur. Essay. Vienna/ Freiburg i. B./Basel 1984
 Gegenruf. Poems. Salzburg 1986
 Jona.for young people. Vienna/Munich 1987
 Herrscherinnen. Frauen, die Geschichte machten. Stuttgart 1991
 Jirschi oder die Flucht ins Pianino. Graz/ Vienna/ Cologne 1995
 Ein Spiel ums andere. Erzählungen. Stuttgart 1996
 Shakespeares Töchter.Three novellas. Munich 1999
 Bourdanins Kinder. Novel. Munich 2001
 <mask> Fussenegger. Ein Gespräch über ihr Leben und Werk mit Rainer Hackel. Vienna/ Cologne/ Weimar 2005

References

1912 births
2009 deaths
Writers from Plzeň
Writers from Linz
Austrian male writers
20th-century Austrian novelists
Nazi Party members
Knights of the Order of St. Sylvester
Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Recipients of the Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria
German Bohemian people
Austrian Roman


texts:
<mask> (born 1963) is a Scottish product designer, based in Paris, France. He specialises in the design of 'deceptively simple-looking mass-produced objects'  and has won numerous international design awards. <mask> is best known for his designs in the fields of technology and lighting design and is often associated with manufacturers LaCie and Artemide. Time magazine has included <mask> in 'The Design 100 – The people and ideas behind today's most influential design'. The Centre Georges Pompidou museum in Paris includes six Poulton-designed objects in its Permanent Contemporary Collection. His first major solo exhibition 'design by neil poulton' was held in the Glyptotheque (Zagreb) museum in 2013. <mask>’s Scopas lamp for Artemide was inaugurated into the first Permanent Scottish Gallery of V&A Dundee, Scotland, in 2018.In 2019 <mask> was named one of le FD100 - the 100 designers who are sharing French Design all over the world. <mask> has lived and worked in Paris since 1991. Early career
<mask> gained a BSc degree in Industrial Design (technology) at Napier University in Edinburgh in 1985 and was awarded the SIAD Chartered Society of Designers Student Product Designer of the Year. In 1988, he gained a master's degree in design at the Domus Academy in Milan, Italy, under Italian architect Andrea Branzi and designer Alberto Meda. <mask>'s tutors included Italian architect Ettore Sottsass, German industrial designer Richard Sapper, Isao Hosoe and Anna Castelli Ferrieri. <mask> first came

masks:
Neil Poulton
Poulton
Poulton
Poulton
Neil Poulton
Neil Poulton
Poulton
Poulton
Neil Poulton


texts:
 to public view in 1989 as the creator of the 'Ageing Pens'. Also known as the 'Penna Mutante' (The Mutant Pen), these pens were made from a living, wearing plastic, which 'ages as layers of colour wear away through use'.The Ageing Pens were exhibited in London's Victoria and Albert Museum, Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris and The Axis Gallery in Tokyo. <mask> worked briefly for French designer Philippe Starck in Paris from 1991 through 1992. Academia
<mask> has been a guest speaker and visiting professor at schools including Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design in London, the Domus Academy in Milan and the University of Western Australia in Perth, Australia. He is an active, if occasional, jury member of the École nationale supérieure de création industrielle (Les Ateliers) in Paris and has judged design degrees at the École de design Nantes Atlantique. In 2019 <mask> was inducted into the Edinburgh Napier University Alumni Hall Of Fame. Exhibitions
In November 2013, the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts presented "design by neil poulton", the first major solo exhibition of designer <mask>, in Zagreb, Croatia. Held in the main 360-metre square gallery of the ground floor of the Glyptotheque (Zagreb) museum, the exhibition was sponsored by the Croatian Ministry of Culture, the City of Zagreb and the Institut français.‘In this exhibition, the design process is represented in all its stages from sketches, models and prototypes, through production components to final products,

masks:
Poulton
Poulton
Poulton
Neil Poulton


texts:
 documenting the author's integrated approach to design'

Awards
<mask>'s designs have won numerous awards, including seven French "Etoile de l'Observeur du Design" prizes, twelve German Red Dot Design Awards, five German "IF" International Forum Design prizes, three French "Janus de l'industrie" awards, two "Recommendation Premio Compasso d'Oro" and the "Best of The Best" Red Dot Design Awards in 1994 and 2007. <mask> has also been a judge of international design competitions including the 'IF' International Forum Design Award and the Hong Kong Design Award (HKDA) in 2018. 2017	European Product Design Award, Gold Winner, USA : 'Chromé', hard drive, designed for LaCie. 2017	European Product Design Award, Silver Winner, USA : 'Scopas', pendant light designed for Artemide. 2016	International Design Award Silver Winner, USA : 'Scopas', pendant light designed for Artemide. 2016	Red Dot Design Award Winner, Germany : 'Chromé', hard drive, designed for LaCie. 2016	Label de l'observeur du design 2016, France : 'Mobi-One' terminal, designed for Mobi-Rider.2016	Label de l'observeur du design 2016, France : 'd2 Thunderbolt2' hard drive, designed for LaCie. 2014	Red Dot Design Award Winner, Germany : 'Rea', wall lamp, designed for Artemide. 2013	Red Dot Design Award Winner, Germany : 'Scopas', designed for Artemide. 2011   "Menzione d'Onore Premio Compasso d'Oro ADI" : 'Veio' Table Lamp, designed for Artemide. 2010	Red Dot Design Award Winner, Germany : 'Sound2 Speakers', designed for LaCie. 2009	'G

masks: Poulton Poulton


texts: -Mark' Award, Japan : '5big' RAID server. 2009	'IF' International Forum Design, Germany, Award Winner : '5big' RAID server.2009 Red Dot Design Award Winner : '5big' RAID server. 2009 Red Dot Design Award Winner : 'Lacinema Rugged'. 2008       'Janus De l'Industrie' Award, France : 5big' RAID server. 2008	"Recommendation Premio Compasso d'Oro" : 'Talak' Table Lamp, designed for Artemide. 2008	Time Magazine "Design 100" Selection : 'Firewire Speakers'. 2008	Red Dot Design Award Winner : 'Hard Disk Designed By <mask>'. 2008	Red Dot Design Award Winner : ''2 Big' hard drive.2008	'IF' International Forum Design Award Winner : '2 Big' hard drive. 2008    Étoile de l'Observeur du Design Award :'Nessie' lighting system in Ductal concrete, designed for Atelier Sedap. 2008     'Etoile De L'observeur Du Design' Award :'Firewire Speakers'. 2007     'Janus De l'Industrie' Award, France : 'Firewire Speakers'. 2007 Etoile De L'observeur Du Design' Award : 'Little Big Disk'. 2007       'IF' International Forum Design Award Winner : 'Little Big Disk'. 2007       'Etoile De L'observeur Du Design' : 'Rugged' hard drive.2006 Red Dot Design Award Winner : 'Rugged' hard drive. 2006	Red Dot Design Award 'Best of the Best' Award Winner : 'Talak' table lamp, designed for Artemide. 2006       'Etoile De L'observeur Du Design' : 'Talak' table lamp. 2003	APCI 'Etoile De L'observeur Du Design' : 'D2' hard drive range. 2003	'Augusto Morello 3rd Edition/Intel Design Prize' : 'Talo' lighting system, designed for


texts:
 Artemide. 2002	APCI 'Etoile De L'observeur Du Design : 'Talo' lighting system. 2002	Red Dot Design Award Winner : 'Talo' lighting system.2002	APCI 'Etoile De L'observeur Du Design : 'Talo' lighting system. 2002 Red Dot Design Award Winner, Design Zentrum, Germany : 'Talo' lighting system. 2002	'IF' International Forum Design Award Winner : 'Talo' lighting system. 2002	"Recommendation Premio Compasso d'Oro" : 'Talo' lighting system. 2000	'Design Plus Lighting + Building' Prize, Germany : 'Surf' lighting system, designed for Artemide. 1999       'Janus De l'Industrie' Paris, France : 'Surf' lighting system. 1999	'Red Dot Best of the Best' Winner : 'Surf' lighting system.1999	'IF' International Forum Design Award Winner : 'Surf' lighting system. 1999	'Parcours Design' Prize, Batimat Trade Fair, Paris : 'Surf' lighting system. 1999       'Smau Industrial Design Award' :'TX8000 Raid Tower'. 1995	'Design Oscar', Paris, France  : 'Click!' table lamps for Vianne/Domec. 1995	'Mat De Bronze', France : 'Eclipse' & 'Bolide' wall lamps for Atelier Sedap. 1994	Red Dot Design Award 'Best of the Best Product Design' Award Winner : 'Coq' disk drive for électronique d2.1994	'BBC Design Awards' Nomination : 'Coq', disk drive. 1985	SIAD Chartered Society of Designers Product Designer of the Year (Student Medal), London, UK. Sources

External links
neilpoulton.com
artemide.it
lacie.com

1963 births
Alumni of Edinburgh Napier University
Living people
Scottish industrial designers
Lighting designers
Product


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was a Japanese anarchist who was involved in the Japanese anarchist movement during the 20th century. Living until the age of 87, he was significant in influencing Japanese anarchists towards his anarcho-communist variety of 'pure' anarchism. It was said about him after his death that "the road which the aged Iwasa walked, extending through the Meiji, Taishō and pre-war and post-war Shōwa eras, was the history of the Japanese anarchist movement itself." Early life

<mask>a was born in 1879, in a farming hamlet in Chiba Prefecture in Japan. His father was a wealthy land-owning farmer, and was the headman of five villages. His grandfather had been too, and had encouraged communal production on the farms which he oversaw, resulting in a "half-communist village". This influenced Iwasa to believe in the possibility of anarchist forms of organisation from a young age.He received a traditional primary education, but dropped out of middle school due to boredom with his studies. He progressed to Tokyo Law College, and wished to drop out once more, but his mother encouraged him to press on to graduation in 1898. He was exposed to Christianity, but did not himself become Christian, arguing that that "Jesus was a person. Buddha and Confucius were persons. And I am a person too." Iwasa was well-connected due to his father's wealth and position, and was able to lodge in the houses of a number of influential politicians. Upon doing so, however, he became disillusioned with their behaviour and with conventional politics altogether.Political career

Time in the USA

In 1901, he moved to the United States, where he was to remain until 1914. During


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 this period, his ideology developed into anarcho-communism, and he was particularly radicalised by the Russo-Japanese War as many other Japanese anarchists such as Kōtoku Shūsui were. Kōtoku visited the US in 1905–1906, where he founded a 'Social Revolutionary Party' (or Shakai Kakumei Tō) amongst Japanese immigrants in California. Iwasa joined the Party, which was strongly inspired by terrorist elements such as the contemporary Social Revolutionaries in Russia. During his time in the organisation, he likely participated in the writing of an 'Open Letter' addressed to Emperor Meiji threatening his assassination in 1907. He denied involvement in the letter, but he later openly supported the cause of Kōtoku when he was implicated in a conspiracy to assassinate the Emperor in 1910. Upon the execution of his friend in the aftermath of the trial, Iwasa was reportedly so shocked that he immediately became impotent at the age of 31.Return to Japan

He eventually returned to Japan in June 1914 when he was informed that his mother was ill. Upon arrival to his family home, he was placed under house arrest for five years, with constant police surveillance. This was during the fuyu jidai or 'winter period' of anarchist politics in Japan, during which the state harshly cracked down upon anarchism and anarchist militants. In 1919, the 'winter period' came to an end, and Iwasa was able to move to Tokyo. There, he returned to anarchist agitation, attending meetings, writing and distributing journals and organising the movement. One of the first groups he involved himself in was the 'Labour Movement' (Rōdō Undō), which involved other notable


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 individuals such as Ōsugi Sakae and Itō Noe. He was imprisoned for six months due to his involvement in a later short-lived socialist league in the early 1920s.Compared to the more anarcho-syndicalist views of activists such as Ōsugi, <mask> Iwasa was an advocate of anarcho-communism due to his skepticism of labour unions. Alongside Hatta Shūzō, he was one of the key advocates of what was labelled 'pure anarchism', so-called due to its opposition to 'contamination' by Marxist ideas. Splits and suppression

In January 1926, a federation of anarchist militants called Kokuren was formed, and a federation of unions called Zenkoku Jiren was formed in May 1926. In these organisations, the tension between anarcho-syndicalists and pure anarchists developed into a broader rivalry. In 1927, Iwasa published his book titled Anarchists Answer Like This, which criticised the idea of class struggle, and provoked the division between these two factions. The split was affirmed in 1928 when, at the second conference of Zenkoku Jiren, anarcho-syndicalists walked out due to jeering and the antagonistic relationship between the two factions. Iwasa had been in China from 1927 until November 1929, participating in anarchist struggles in that country such as the Labour University in Shanghai, and so was not directly involved in that division (although his influence did contribute to it).Following the invasion of Manchuria in 1931, the state became more militaristic and oppressive, and anarchism became a particular target. An attempt to continue the anarchist movement even against government repression resulted in the formation of the 'Anarchist Communist


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 Party of Japan' in 1934. Regardless, Iwasa remained firmly opposed to centralised party organisation, and he criticised the party as "complete rubbish" and "not anarchist, but bolshevik". In 1935, he attempted to make a living by opening a cafe in Tokyo. When this failed, he returned to his native village and grew his own food until the end of WW2. After WW2

After the end of the war, <mask> Iwasa was amongst those who returned to the anarchist movement, and he became influential once more. He was elected chairman of the National Committee of the Japanese Anarchist Federation when it was formed in May 1946, a largely organisation role.Despite this position of power, he advised himself and others against "thinking of yourselves as important". One way in which he fulfilled this was by hanging placards around his neck to advertise anarchist journals on his long journeys throughout Japan to help organise the Federation. The Federation struggled to find success in the political climate of post-war Japan, and split into two factions. The successor group from the 'pure anarchist' faction was the Japanese Anarchist Club, and was centred around Iwasa and other 'pure' anarchists who had survived the war. He remained influential in the group until his death, and it continued to adhere to his anarcho-communist ideology. Death and legacy

<mask> Iwasa died in 1967, at the age of 87. He was described by other anarchists as having been "held in esteem as high as the mountains and the stars", and even his political opponents such as Yamakawa Kikue noted that he was an 'eternal youth'.He had inspired respect from his peers from a young age, becoming

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 known as 'Iwasa Rō (老)', a term of respect literally translated as 'the aged Iwasa', by the age of 25–26. Ideology
Iwasa was a firm believer in anarcho-communism, influenced by thinkers such as Peter Kropotkin. As such, he endorsed the motto "From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs", and believed in anti-authoritarianism. He opposed centralised authority, whether in the attempted 'Anarchist Communist Party', or through syndicalist methods of revolution, resulting in his labelling as a 'pure anarchist'. One of his criticisms of syndicalist organising methods was his 'labour union mountain bandit theory'. In this theory, he argued that the relationship between labour unions and their capitalist employers was essentially similar to the relationship between the members of a gang of bandits and its leader. Anarchists believe that capitalism is essentially exploitative, just as bandits exploit their victims.Iwasa's analogy therefore argued that, regardless of whether the members of the gang were in charge of its operations, the gang would still pillage those around it; and in much the same way, even if labour unions take charge of a company, the nature of capitalism would remain exploitative. This harsh criticism of labour unions was significant in influencing the Japanese anarchist movement away from syndicalist methods. Works

 Workers and the Masses (1925)
 Anarchists Answer Like This (1927)
 Random Thoughts on Revolution (1931)
 One Anarchist's Recollections (posthumous, 1983)

Notes

References

1879 births
1967 deaths
Anarcho-communists
Japanese anarchists
Japanese anti-capitalists
People from


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<mask> (Korean:  ; born August 5, 1977) is an American restaurateur, author, podcaster and television personality. He is the founder of the Momofuku restaurant group, which includes Momofuku Noodle Bar, Momofuku Ssäm Bar, Milk Bar, and Momofuku Ko in New York City; Momofuku Noodle Bar and Kojin in Toronto; and Momofuku CCDC in Washington, DC. In 2009, Momofuku Ko was awarded two Michelin stars, which it has retained each year since. In 2018, <mask> created, produced, and starred in a Netflix original series called Ugly Delicious. In 2019, he produced a Netflix original titled Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner. On November 29, 2020, he became the first celebrity to win the $1,000,000 top prize for his charity, Southern Smoke Foundation, and the fourteenth overall million dollar winner on Who Wants to Be a Millionaire. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Arlington, Virginia, the son of Korean parents, mother Woo Chung Hi "Sherri," who was born in Kaesong, and <mask>l, later Joseph P. <mask>, who was born in Pyongyang.<mask> grew up in Arlington, with two older brothers and one sister. <mask>'s parents emigrated from Korea as adults in the 1960s. golfing goods warehouse and two restaurants. As a child, <mask> was a competitive golfer who participated in a number of junior tournaments. <mask> attended Georgetown Prep and then Trinity College, where he majored in religious studies. After graduating from college, <mask> pursued a variety of jobs, including teaching English in Japan, then bussing tables and holding finance positions in New York City. On a 2022 episode of the TV series Finding Your Roots, it was revealed that one of <mask>'s paternal ancestors was Jang Bogo, a famous mariner and military leader of the Medieval Korean kingdom of Silla.Culinary training and career

<mask> started attending the

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texts: French Culinary Institute (FCI)—now known as the International Culinary Center—in New York City in 2000. While he was training, he also worked part-time at Mercer Kitchen in Manhattan and got a job answering phones at Tom Colicchio's Craft restaurant. <mask> stayed at Craft for two years and then moved back to Japan to work at a small soba shop, followed by a restaurant in Tokyo's Park Hyatt Hotel. Upon returning to the U.S., <mask> worked at Café Boulud, where his idol, Alex Lee, had worked. But <mask> soon grew "completely dissatisfied with the whole fine dining scene". In 2004, <mask> opened his first restaurant, Momofuku Noodle Bar in the East Village. <mask>'s website states momofuku means "lucky peach", but the restaurant also shares a name with Momofuku Ando—the inventor of instant noodles.In August 2006, <mask>'s second restaurant, Momofuku Ssäm Bar, opened a few blocks away. The Infatuation rated it a high 8.4/10, calling the menu "inventive, exciting, and different." In March 2008, <mask> opened Momofuku Ko, a 12-seat restaurant that takes reservations ten days in advance, online only, on a first-come-first-served basis. Later that year, <mask> expanded Momofuku Ssäm Bar into an adjacent space with his colleague Christina Tosi, whom he had hired to run Momofuku's pastry program. They named the new space Momofuku Milk Bar, serving soft serve, along with cookies, pies, cakes and other treats, many of these inspired by foods Tosi had as a child. In May 2009, it was reported that Momofuku Milk Bar's Crack Pie, Cereal Milk, and Compost Cookies were in the process of being trademarked. In October 2009, <mask> and former New York Times food writer Peter Meehan published Momofuku, a highly anticipated cookbook containing detailed recipes from <mask>'s restaurants.In May 2010, <mask> opened Má Pêche in

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texts: midtown Manhattan. In November 2010, <mask> announced the opening of his first restaurant outside the US in Sydney, Australia. Momofuku Seiōbo opened in October 2011 at the redeveloped Star City Casino in Southern-hemisphere. In an article with the Sydney Morning Herald, <mask> was quoted as saying: "I've just fallen in love with Australia. I'm just fascinated by the food scene in Sydney and Melbourne. People are excited about food in Australia. It's fresh and it's energetic."The restaurant was awarded three hats from the Sydney Morning Herald Good Food Guide in its first year and was named Best New Restaurant. In March 2011, <mask> announced that he would be bringing Momofuku to Toronto, and opened it in late 2012. The restaurant is located in a three-story glass cube in the heart of downtown Toronto. Momofuku Toronto is made up of three restaurants, these are Noodle Bar, Daishō and Shōtō; as well as a bar Nikai. Daishō and Shōtō closed in late 2017, and the space was refurbished. A new Momofuku restaurant, Kojin, opened in the space in 2018. <mask> launched Fuku, a chain of fast food restaurants specializing in fried chicken sandwiches, in June 2015.In 2016, <mask> launched his first digital-only restaurant, which offers a menu only for delivery in Midtown East and takes orders taken via an app named Ando. Later in 2016, <mask> participated in a project hosted by a Silicon Valley startup named Impossible Foods. He prepared food that was later added on the menu of one of his restaurants, Momofuku Nishi, as a partnership between Impossible Foods and <mask>. In July 2017, <mask> announced the opening of his first West Coast restaurant in Los Angeles. The restaurant, Majordomo, opened in January 2018. In May 2017, <mask> announced the opening of a new restaurant at the Hudson Yards development in New

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 York. In June 2018, Má Pêche closed after operating for 8 years.On December 30, 2019, <mask> opened the 250-seat Majordomo Meat & Fish restaurant in The Palazzo tower of The Venetian Las Vegas. In March 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Momofuku restaurant group made the decision to temporarily close its restaurants. Later that year, they decided to consolidate some restaurants, and permanently close Momofuku Nishi in Manhattan's Chelsea neighborhood, and Momofuku CCDC in Washington, D.C. In 2021 they also closed Momofuku Seiōbo in Sydney. Media career

Television
In 2010, he appeared in the fifth episode of HBO's Treme alongside fellow chefs Tom Colicchio, Eric Ripert and Wylie Dufresne. His presence on the show was expanded in the second season when one of the characters, a New Orleans chef who has moved to New York City, takes a job in his restaurant. <mask> has also served as a guest judge on the reality show Top Chef: All Stars.In 2011, he was a guest judge on MasterChef Australia. <mask> hosted the first season of the PBS food series The Mind of a Chef, which was executive produced by Anthony Bourdain and premiered in the fall of 2012. In September 2013, <mask> appeared on a skit on the Deltron 3030 album, Event 2. In 2016, he guest starred as himself in the IFC series Documentary Now! episode "Juan Likes Rice & Chicken", a parody of Jiro Dreams of Sushi. In 2018, <mask> created, produced, and starred in a Netflix original series, Ugly Delicious. <mask> also appeared in two episodes of the Buzzfeed web series [[Worth It (TV series)|Worth It]], and another Netflix series The Chef Show, produced by his friends Roy Choi and Jon Favreau.In 2019, he produced a Netflix original titled "Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner" with guest stars including Seth Rogen and Kate McKinnon. He also appeared in

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 the Blue's Clues & You! episode "Welcome to Blue's Bistro" in the Mailtime segment. He hosted the documentary film series The Next Thing You Eat. Writing
In summer 2011, <mask> released the first issue of his Lucky Peach food magazine, a quarterly publication created with Peter Meehan and published by McSweeney's. The theme of Issue 1 was Ramen. Contributors included Anthony Bourdain, Wylie Dufresne, Ruth Reichl, and Harold McGee.The theme of Issue 2 is The Sweet Spot, and Issue 2 reached #3 on the New York Times bestsellers list. Contributors to Issue 2 include Anthony Bourdain, Harold McGee, Momofuku Milk Bar's Christina Tosi, Daniel Patterson and Russell Chatham. Issue 3: Chefs and Cooks, was released on March 13 and was also a New York Times bestseller. Each subsequent issue has continued to focus on a particular theme. Podcast
He has his own show on the Ringer podcast network (The <mask> Show). He also is a host on a spin off called The Recipe Club with guest host Chris Ying. Public persona
Epicurious described <mask> as having a "bad-boy attitude" for having no reservations or vegetarian options.<mask> created a controversy in 2009 by making dismissive remarks about California chefs, telling Anthony Bourdain "They don't manipulate food, they just put figs on a plate." <mask> serves on the Food Council at City Harvest and the Culinary Council at Food Bank for New York City, two hunger-relief organizations. He is also a member of the board of trustees at MOFAD, the Museum of Food and Drink in New York City. Publications

<mask>; Chris Ying; Peter Meehan (2011- May 2017). Lucky Peach. In September 2020, <mask> released his memoir, Eat a Peach, in which he talks about his difficult relationship with his father, his long-time struggles with depression and anger, and recent diagnosis of bipolar

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<mask> (December 7, 1910 – August 24, 1978) was an American singer, songwriter, bandleader, and trumpeter. While rooted in New Orleans jazz, swing music, and jump blues, <mask> touched on various genres throughout his career: he formed a seven-piece New Orleans-style jazz band in the late 1920s, fronted a swing combo in the 1930s and a big band group in the 1940s, helped to popularize jump blues in the late 1940s and early to mid 1950s, and performed frequently as a Vegas lounge act beginning in the 1950s. From the 1940s through the 1960s, his music further encompassed early R&B and rock 'n' roll, boogie-woogie, and Italian folk music, such as the tarantella. <mask> made prominent use of Italian music and language in his songs, blending elements of his Italian and Sicilian identity with jazz and swing music. At a time when ethnic musicians were discouraged from openly stressing their ethnicity, <mask>'s conspicuous embrace of his Sicilian ethnicity opened the doors for other Italian-American and ethnic American musicians to display their ethnic roots. <mask> is also known for providing the voice for the orangutan King Louie in the 1967 Disney film The Jungle Book. Early life
<mask> was from a musical Italian American family in New Orleans, Louisiana.His father, <mask>, was the son of Leonardo Di <mask>, a Sicilian immigrant from Salaparuta, while his mother, Angelina Caravella, had emigrated from Ustica as a baby. <mask> was the second child of four; his older brother, Leon, was born in 1907, while his sisters Elizabeth and Marguerite were younger. Marguerite died when she was three years old. Leon, <mask>, and Elizabeth were all

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texts: baptized at St. Ann's Parish. They lived in a house at 1812 St. Peter Street in New Orleans. <mask>'s mother was a music lover, and she made sure that each child played an instrument. <mask> was assigned the violin and started out playing at St. Ann's Parish.He became interested in jazz when he heard black musicians, including <mask>. Italian immigrants, Italian-Americans, and African-Americans in New Orleans at the time frequently socialized together in the same clubs and bars. Local clubs tailored to the ostracized Italian community, such as Matranga's, Joe Segrettas, Tonti's Social Club, and Lala's Big 25, were all Italian-American clubs owned and operated by Italians; African Americans were always welcomed in these clubs and often played music and fraternized with Italians and Italian-Americans. <mask>'s interest in jazz was sparked while frequenting these clubs and observing black and Italian jazz artists playing together. According to author Garry Boulard in his book <mask> Prima, <mask> paid attention to the music coming from clubs and watched his older brother Leon play the cornet. When Leon left the house to spend one summer in Texas, <mask> practiced continuously on his worn-down cornet. He formed a band in 1924 with his childhood friends "Candy" Candido (bass), Irving Fazola (clarinet) and Johnny Viviano (drums).<mask> attended Jesuit High School but transferred to Warren Easton High in the fall of 1926. At Warren Easton, he played with the "Eastonites", the school band. In 1927, he partnered with fellow musician Frank Federico and the pair played at "The Whip", a run-down French Quarter nightclub. By the spring of 1928,

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 <mask> decided he would become a professional musician. Career
After finishing high school in New Orleans, <mask> had a few unsuccessful gigs, including when he joined the Ellis Stratako Orchestra in 1929. <mask>, Federico and saxophonist Dave Winstein drove to Florida for a gig but no one showed up. They made it to a relative's house, where they were given money for gas and a meal.<mask> did not give up. He joined Joseph Cherniavsky's Orchestra in 1929 at Jefferson Parish. He got a temporary job playing on the steamship Capital that docked on Canal Street. Although the Capital did not provide him with a big break for his career, he did meet his first wife <mask>zi there. They married on June 25, 1929. From 1931 to 1932 <mask> occupied his time by performing in the Avalon Club owned by his brother Leon. His first break was when Lou Forbes hired him for daily afternoon and early evening shows at The Saenger.New York City
New York was an attraction for hungry musicians during the Great Depression. It posed numerous risks, but all of the best artists in the nation made it in New York if not anywhere else. Guy Lombardo met <mask> while he was performing at club Shim Sham during the Mardi Gras season of 1934. <mask>'s first gig in New York City was supposed to be at a club called Leon and Eddie's, located at 33 West 52nd street. Eddie Davis, one of the owners of the club, did not hire <mask> because he thought he was black. <mask> and his New Orleans Gang
In September 1934, <mask> began recording for the Brunswick label. He recorded "That's Where the South Begins", "Long About Midnight", "Jamaica Shout", and "Star Dust".<mask> and his

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 New Orleans Gang  featured Frank Pinero playing piano, Jack Ryan bass, Garrett McAdams guitar, and Pee Wee Russell clarinet. The band had their first performance at a club called the Famous Door, owned and operated by Jack Colt. <mask>'s recordings from 1935 were a combination of Dixieland and swing. In May 1935, <mask> and Russell recorded "The Lady in Red", a national jukebox hit. They also recorded "Chinatown", "Chasing Shadows" and "Gypsy Tea Room". Martha Raye played a role in Prima's professional and personal life. She was a comedian with potential to become a singer.The two featured a show at the club that granted <mask> his first national debut on "The Fleischman Hour". In March 1936, <mask> recorded "Sing Sing Sing", which subsequently became a hit for Benny Goodman. California
<mask> moved to California to expand his music. During this time there was a movement for big bands and orchestras. <mask> hired <mask> on the string bass, a New Orleans native. He fired McAdams so that he could have Frank Federico, his childhood friend, play the guitar. With all of his success, his marriage back in New Orleans had already failed.He and <mask> were divorced in 1936, following infidelities going back at least to the French Quarter in 1933. A few months later, he was involved in a new fling with Alma Ross, an actress. <mask> and Ross were quite serious and after only a few months together he asked her to marry him while he started his tour out in the Midwest. The couple faced problems in Wisconsin and Chicago because they did not meet the marital requirements. Guy Lombardo helped them out by arranging a place in South Bend, Indiana.

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 They wed on July 25, 1936. The couple had a few problems; one of the worst was that <mask> denied much about his past.He never confessed to Alma that he had a daughter until she found out from a tax return. <mask> also pushed Ross into signing with Paramount in 1937. He continued to travel along the East Coast with his band. <mask> struggled to upgrade to big band style. It was not supported by his mentors in New York or Los Angeles. With the help of Guy Lombardo he traveled to Chicago to promote his new format at the Blackhawk in October 1936. The new format was unsuccessful.Reinvented in New York
In 1937, <mask> and his smaller gang (Federico, Masinter, Pinero, and Meyer Weinberg on clarinet) returned to the Famous Door in New York to perform. He also appeared at Billy Rose's Casa Mañana club in May 1938. He earned nearly a quarter million dollars throughout seven weeks at Casa Mañana. He was booked by William Morris Agency in late 1938, which sent him to Boston, New York, Baltimore, Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, Miami Beach, New Orleans, and St. Louis. The band traveled by car, since it was the cheapest option. World War II
In 1939 <mask> was under contract to appear in black theatres in New York, Baltimore, Boston and Washington D.C. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt attended his performance in Washington D.C., and formally invited him to President Franklin D. Roosevelt's birthday celebration. He appeared in photographs with the President, which ultimately boosted his publicity.Deemed unfit for military service in World War II because of a knee injury, <mask> continued performing. By the mid-1940s, <mask> was experiencing great

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 success. People were purchasing tickets early in the morning for shows later on that evening. Despite the anti-Italian sentiment during the war, <mask> continued to record Italian songs, the most famous being "Angelina", named after his mother. Others included "Please No Squeeza Da Banana", "Baciagaloop (Makes Love on the Stoop)", and "Felicia No Capicia." He performed the Italian songs at the Strand Theatre in New York. He brought in $440,000 in six weeks.In Detroit he could bring in about $38,000 for an afternoon performance. With all of this success, he decided to go back to Chicago to prove himself; he sold out the "Panther Room" in that city. <mask> had several big hits in the summer of 1945, including "My Dreams Are Getting Better All the Time" and "Bell-Bottom Trousers". As his career grew, however, his marriage with Alma simultaneously failed. They got a divorce when she discovered he had been cheating on her with another actress. Alma was supposed to receive $15,000 a year or 7.5% of his earnings. <mask> ignored the payments until they piled up to about $60,000, which forced him to write a settlement check of $45,000 plus $250 per week.Later he married his secretary, Tracelene Barrett. By the end of the war years, the popularity of big band music was diminishing, and by 1947 <mask> was playing more jazzy versions of his music. Under a new contract with RCA Victor, he recorded "Civilization"; "You Can’t Tell the Depth of the Well"; "Say it with a Slap"; "Valencia"; "My Flame Went Out Last Night"; "Thousand Islands"; "Mean To Me"; and "Tutti Tutti Pizzicato". In 1948 <mask> and Barrett had a baby girl. Personality
Fans knew

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 <mask> as a genial and patient celebrity: he always signed autographs or posed for pictures with a smile. To the record companies and big corporations, however, <mask> showed little deference, and he was uncompromising in seeking maximum compensation for his work. Warner Brothers offered him $60,000 to be in a movie based on the life of Helen Morgan, but he rejected it; when the studio increased the offer to $75,000, it was still not enough.<mask> wanted $100,000 and creative control of his role, which was rejected by Warner Brothers. He had protracted disputes with the Strand Theatre in New York City and Majestic Records, and he flatly refused to allow a former songwriter to advertise herself as "formerly featured with <mask>'s orchestra". <mask> had expensive tastes: he shopped at luxury clothing stores and always wore top-brand suits. He spent great sums on horse racing and his own private stable of horses. He said he enjoyed gambling because it relaxed him; riding was another one of the things that relaxed him the most outside of his busy performing life. He knew each of his horses well and read about training. Another hobby was boating.He purchased a boat for his third wife Tracelene Barrett for their honeymoon on the Hudson River. Keely Smith
Keely Smith was twenty when she met <mask> in August 1948. Born in Norfolk, Virginia, she made a point to stop by the Surf Club in Virginia Beach to visit him. To her surprise, <mask> was looking for a new female vocalist to replace Lily Ann Carol. Smith was wearing a bathing suit and was not allowed into the club until she put on proper attire. Luckily, someone was able to lend her some

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 acceptable clothing and she auditioned. She landed the part and was soon traveling with his band.<mask> signed with Columbia Records in the fall of 1951 to keep up with the rapid changes in the marketing industry. Throughout his sixteen-month contract, his top hits consisted of "Chop Suey, Chow Mein", "Ooh-Dahdily-Dah", and "Chili Sauce". To support his horses and manage his expenses, he chose to drop his big band and play in lesser clubs. On top of it all, he divorced his third wife Tracelene on June 18, 1953. Less than a month later he married Keely. She was open to criticism, and he wanted to make her a star. He tried to find the style that fit her correctly, especially since rock and roll was emerging.<mask> was not against rock 'n' roll like some other artists, such as Frank Sinatra and Jackie Gleason. He accepted that "the kids had an instinct for the kind of music that's fun to listen to and dance to." A new act
In 1954 <mask> was offered a stay at The Sahara in Las Vegas to open his new act with Keely Smith. He enlisted New Orleans saxophonist Sam Butera and his backing musicians, "The Witnesses". The act was a hit, and ultimately led <mask> to sign with Capitol Records in 1955. The act performed regularly in Las Vegas for the rest of the decade. He released his first album with Capitol Records, The Wildest!, in September 1956.Some of the popular songs include his medley of "Just a Gigolo" and "I Ain't Got Nobody". In 1957, the couple released The Call of the Wildest. Keely worked with other artists to release the album I Wish You Love, and received a Grammy for it in 1958. She earned  Billboard and Variety’s number one

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texts: female vocalist award in 1958–59, and the Playboy Jazz Award in 1959. The duo also redid "That Old Black Magic", which was a Top 40 hit for two months. It earned the duo a Grammy. The couple also had two daughters together, one of whom, Toni, became an actress and singer in her own right.<mask> decided to relocate his acts to the Desert Inn because he would take in $3 million for producing twelve weeks' worth of acts a year for five years. <mask> signed with Dot Records in 1959 and produced eight albums, headlined by Wonderland By Night and On Stage in 1961. The couple was constantly performing and it affected their marriage. An attempted vacation boating down the Atlantic coast ended up grounded in the Intracoastal Waterway until rescued by the Coast Guard. In January 1961, <mask> was invited by Frank Sinatra to perform at the inaugural gala for President John F. Kennedy; the two played "Old Black Magic" together. The constant performances and <mask>'s infidelities were too much for Smith. After finishing up their contract at the Desert Inn, she filed for divorce at the Eighth Judicial Circuit Court of Nevada in Las Vegas.After Keely was out of his life and his performances, <mask> tried to prove that he did not need her. In the New York Post, there was a suggestion that Keely should rejoin for an act in New York's Basin Street East nightclub. <mask> said, "I have no desire whatsoever to have any dealings with Keely Smith under any conditions…There is nothing in the world or no one that could ever make me accept this woman in our act." <mask>'s father died in 1961, the same year as the divorce from Keely. His mother died in the

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 winter of 1965. In 1962, he tried to form his own recording company called "Prima One Records". He filled Keely's spot with Gia Maione, a waitress who was 21 years old.He did his best to make her famous by producing her first album "This Is … Gia." It was funded entirely by him, and it was unsuccessful. They married and had a daughter, Lena, later  a New Orleans-based singer and recording artist with Basin Street Records, and his only son, <mask> Jr., the last of his six children. He was also in the middle of making appearances in Las Vegas and promoting the film Twist All Night. In 1967, <mask> landed a role in Walt Disney's animated feature The Jungle Book, as the raucous orangutan King Louie. He performed the hit song "I Wan'na Be like You" on the soundtrack, leading to the recording of two albums with Phil Harris: The Jungle Book and More Jungle Book, and covering MC duties and singing the theme song "Winnie the Pooh", for the 1967 album entitled Happy Birthday Winnie the Pooh, all of these on Disneyland Records. He can be heard on the soundtrack of another cartoon feature, The Man Called Flintstone.One of <mask>'s final television appearances was as a "mystery guest"  on What's My Line? in 1970. Personal life

<mask> was married to:

Among his children are musical performers <mask> and <mask> Jr., both born to Maione. <mask> suffered a heart attack in 1973. Two years later, following headaches and episodes of memory loss, he sought medical attention, and was diagnosed with a brain stem tumor. He suffered a cerebral hemorrhage and went into a coma following surgery. He never recovered, and died three years later, in

masks:
Louis Prima
Prima
Prima
Prima
Lena Prima
Louis Prima
Prima


texts:
 1978, having been moved back to New Orleans.He was buried in Metairie Cemetery in a gray marble crypt topped by a figure of Gabriel, the trumpeter-angel, sculpted in 1997 by Russian-born sculptor Alexei Kazantsev. The inscription on the crypt's door quotes the lyrics from one of his hits: "When the end comes, I know, they'll say, 'just a gigolo' as life goes on without me…"

<mask>'s expected visit to a small Italian restaurant drives the plot of the critically acclaimed 1996 film Big Night. On July 25, 2010 – the centenary year of his birth <mask> received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 2018, <mask>'s 1936 single "What Will Santa Claus Say (When He Finds Everybody Swingin’)" was sampled by Kids See Ghosts on the song "4th Dimension", which appeared on their album Kids See Ghosts. <mask>'s New Orleans-based daughter, <mask>, performs throughout the nation. His son, <mask> Jr. leads his own band, performing music composed and played by his father and popular music of many genres. Filmography

Discography

Albums
 <mask> Plays for the People (Mercury, 1953)
 The Wildest!(Capitol, 1956)
 The Call of the Wildest (Capitol, 1957)
 <mask> with Orchestra (Rondo-Lette, 1957)
 Breaking It Up! (Columbia CL 1206, recordings from 1951 to 1953, but released in 1958)
 Hi-Fi Lootin'  with Joe Venuti (Design, 1958)
 Entertains (Rondo-Lette, 1959)
 Strictly Prima! (Capitol, 1959)
 Pretty Music Prima Style Volume 1 (Dot, 1960)
 Wonderland by Night: Pretty Music Prima Style, Vol. 2 (Dot, 1960)
 Blue Moon (Dot, 1961)
 Doin' the Twist with <mask> (Dot, 1961)
 The Wildest Comes Home (Capitol, 1962)
 Lake Tahoe Prima Style (Capitol, 1962)

masks:
Legacy Prima
– Prima
Prima
Prima
Lena Prima
Louis Prima
Louis Prima
Louis Prima
Louis Prima


texts:
 Italian Favorites with Phil Brito (Tops, 1963)
 Prima Show in the Casbar (Prima Magnagroove, 1963)
 The King of Clubs (Prima Magnagroove, 1964)
 Let's Fly with Mary Poppins (Walt Disney, 1965)
 Louis Prima On Broadway (United Artists, 1967)
 The Jungle Book (Disneyland, 1967)
 The New Sounds of the Louis Prima Show (De-Lite, 1968)
 More Jungle Book...Further Adventures of Baloo and Mowgli (Disneyland, 1969)
 Blast


texts:
<mask>mIH (born February 15, 1962, in Mirandela) is a Portuguese composer. Awards and honors
2021 - DASCH - Schostakovich Ensemble Prize, with his Pour la fin, pour mon Commencement, for clarinet, violin, cello and piano

2021 - Alumni-Salamanca University Jesús García Bernalt Prize, with his Quando, for mixed choir a cappella

2017 - Performing Rights Society SPA Prize Prémio Autores 2017

2011 - Tree of Life Prize

2006 - UNESCO International Rostrum of Composers, Paris, with his O meu poemário infantil for tenor and orchestra

2004 - Decorated by the President of Portuguese Republic with Commendation of the Order of the Infante Dom Henrique

2001 - National Identity Prize

1999 - Francisco de Lacerda Composition Prize

1999 - UNESCO International Rostrum of Composers, Paris, with his Sorrow on the death of Jorge Peixinho for large orchestra

1998 - UNESCO International Rostrum of Composers, Paris, with his Cinco melodias em forma de Montemel for soprano, horn and piano

1998 - Lopes-Graça Prize from the City of Tomar

Main works

STAGE WORKS

Peer, you're lying! 2001

incidental music for the Ibsen's play Peer Gynt

Opus:


texts:
 38

Duration (minutes) 110

1(picc).1(ca).1(bcl).1 - hn - perc(2) - pno - 2 vln.vla.vlc.db (with C extension)

Commission: The New Teatro Aberto

First Performance: 24.2.02, Teatro Aberto, Lisbon: Teatro Aberto's Ensemble, Joao Paulo Santos

 Wolf Diogo and Mosquito Valentim
2002

scenic cantata for two singers, speaker, children's choir and orchestra

Opus: 41

Duration (minutes) 50

Instrumentation: 2(2=picc).2.2.2. - 2hn - timp - strings (some basses with C extension)

Singers: Fox Rose (soprano), Wolf Diogo (bass), speaker, children's choir

Text: Antonio Pires Cabral

Language: Portuguese

Commission: Porto National Orchestra

First Performance: 20.12.02, S.John National Theater, Oporto: Angélica Neto / Jorge Vaz de Carvalho / Paulo Pires / C.P.O. - 2.2.2.1. - perc(1) - timp - strings (some basses with C extension)

Commission: Povoa's Music Festival

First Performance: 30.7.99, Povoa's Casino: Phillarmonia of Beiras, Osvaldo Ferreira

First Recording: Numerica, NUM 1108: Povoa Symphony Orchestra, Osvaldo Ferreira

 Praxitelic Music for two Gods from Olympus
2004

orchestra

Duration (minutes) 9

Instrumentation: 1.1.1.1. -


texts:
<mask> (4 March 1916 – 13 April 2000) was an Italian novelist, poet, essayist, editor, and international intellectual. Biography
<mask> was born in Bologna into a prosperous Jewish family of Ferrara, where he spent his childhood with his mother Dora, father Enrico (a doctor), brother Paolo, and sister Jenny. In 1934 he completed his studies at his secondary school, the liceo classico L. Ariosto in Ferrara. Music had been his first great passion and he considered a career as a pianist; however literature soon became the focus of his artistic interests. In 1935 he enrolled in the Faculty of Letters of the University of Bologna. Commuting to lectures by train (third class) from Ferrara, he studied under the art historian Roberto Longhi. His ideal of the "free intellectual" was the liberal historian and philosopher Benedetto Croce.Despite the anti-Semitic race laws which were introduced from 1938, he was able to graduate in 1939, writing a thesis on the nineteenth-century writer, journalist, radical and lexicographer Niccolò Tommaseo. As a Jew in 1939, however, work opportunities were now limited and he became a schoolteacher in the Jewish School of Ferrara in via Vignatagliata. In 1940 his first book, Una città di pianura ("A City of the Plain"), was published under the pseudonym "Giacomo Marchi" in order to evade the race laws. During this period, along with friends he had made in Ferrara's intellectual circle, he became a clandestine political activist. His activity in the anti-fascist resistance led to his arrest in May 1943; he was released on 26 July, the day after Benito Mussolini was ousted from power. A little over a week later he married Valeria Sinigallia, whom

masks:
Giorgio Bassani
Bassani


texts: he had met playing tennis. They moved to Florence for a brief period, living under assumed names, then at the end of the year, to Rome, where he would spend the rest of his life.His first volume of poems, Storie dei poveri amanti e altri versi, appeared in 1944; a second, Te lucis ante, followed in 1947. He edited the literary review Botteghe oscure for Princess Marguerite Caetani from its founding in 1948 until it ceased publication in 1960. In 1953 La passeggiata prima di cena appeared and in 1954 Gli ultimi anni di Clelia Trotti. In the same year he became editor of Paragone, a journal founded by Longhi and his wife Anna Banti. <mask>'s writings reached a wider audience in 1956 with the publication of the Premio Strega-winning book of short stories, Cinque storie ferraresi (the five stories are Lida Mantovani, La passeggiata prima di cena, Una lapide in via Mazzini, Gli ultimi anni di Clelia Trotti, and Una notte del '43). As an editorial director of Feltrinelli <mask> was responsible for the posthumous publication in 1958 of Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa's Il Gattopardo, a novel which had been rejected by Elio Vittorini at Mondadori, and Einaudi. It became one of the great successes of post-war Italian literature.<mask>'s enthusiastic editing of the text, following instructions from  (daughter of Benedetto) who had offered him the manuscript, later became controversial, however; recent editions have been published which follow the manuscript more closely. Also in 1958 <mask>'s novel Gli occhiali d'oro (made into a film in 1987) was published, an examination, in part, of the marginalisation of Jews and homosexuals. Together with stories from Cinque storie ferraresi

masks: Bassani Bassani Bassani Bassani


texts:
 (reworked and under the new title Dentro le mura (1973)) it was to form part of a series of works known collectively as Il romanzo di Ferrara, which explored the city, with its Christian and Jewish elements, its perspectives and its landscapes. The series includes: Il giardino dei Finzi-Contini (The Garden of the Finzi-Continis) (1962, Premio Viareggio prizewinner); Dietro la porta (1964); L'airone (1968) and L'odore del fieno (1972). These works realistically document the Italian Jewish community under Fascism in a style that manifests the difficulties of searching for truth in the meanderings of memory and moral conscience. In 1960 one of his short stories (Una notte del '43, from Cinque storie ferraresi) was adapted as the film Long Night in 1943. A stage adaptation of The Garden of the Finzi-Continis by opera composer Ricky Ian Gordon is set to premiere in January 2022.It is a co-production of National Yiddish Theatre Folksbiene and the New York City Opera. From 1965 to 1980, <mask> was the president of the organization Italia Nostra. <mask> died in 2000 and was buried in the Jewish Cemetery in Ferrara. He was survived by his estranged wife Valeria and their two children Paola (born 1945-09-01) and Enrico (born 1949-06-29). He had been with his companion Portia Prebys, since shortly after they met in 1977. <mask> received the , the Strega, the Campiello, the Viareggio and the Nelly Sachs prizes. He collaborated on several screen plays.Publications
Within the Walls (Dentro le mura) – 1956
The Gold-rimmed Spectacles (Gli occhiali d'oro) – 1958
A Prospect of Ferrara (Cinque storie ferraresi) – 1962
The Garden of the Finzi-Continis (Il giardino dei Finzi-Contini) –

masks:
Giorgio Bassani
Bassani
Bassani


texts:
 1962
The Heron (L'airone) – 1970
Five Stories of Ferrara (Cinque storie ferraresi) – 1971
The Smell of Hay (L'odore del fieno) – 1972
Behind the Door (Dietro la porta) – 1972
Il romanzo di Ferrara (1974; revised 1980). The Novel of Ferrara, trans. Jamie McKendrick (2018)
Rolls Royce and Other Poems (extracts from Epitaffio and In gran segreto) – 1982

Film adaptations
 Long Night in 1943
 The Garden of the Finzi-Continis
 The Gold Rimmed Glasses

References

Bibliography
 Guia Risari, The Document within the Walls. The Romance of Bassani, Troubador Publishing, Leics, I. ed. 1999, II ed. 2004,
 Alessandro Giardino, <mask>. Percorsi dello sguardo nelle arti visive,Fernandel, 2011 <mask> Editore, 2013
 Paola Polito, L'officina dell'ineffabile.Ripetizione, memoria e non detto in <mask>, <mask> Editore, 2014
 <mask>, Lezioni americane di <mask>, a cura di Valerio Cappozzo, Ravenna, <mask> Editore, 2016
 www.italialibri.net :: Il romanzo di Ferrara – Bassani
 Poscritto a <mask>. Saggi in Memoria del Decimo Anniversario della Morte [Postscriptum: Critical Essays on <mask> in Memory of the Tenth Anniversary of his Death], R. Antognini e R. Diaconescu Blumenfeld (edd. ), LED Edizioni Universitarie, Milano 2012,

External links

 Jonathan Keates, 2000, <mask>, obituary for The Guardian
 cronologia.leonardo.it :: <mask>

1916 births
2000 deaths
Italian male poets
Jewish poets
20th-century Italian male writers
20th-century Italian Jews
Italian resistance movement members
Writers from Ferrara
Writers from Bologna
Strega Prize winners
Viareggio Prize winners
20th-century Italian novelists
20th-century Italian poets
Italian male novelists
Premio Campiello winners
Jewish Italian

masks:
Giorgio Bassani
Giorgio Pozzi
Giorgio Bassani
Giorgio Pozzi
Giorgio Bassani
Giorgio Bassani
Giorgio Pozzi
Giorgio Bassani
Giorgio Bassani
Giorgio Bassani
Giorgio Bassani


texts:
<mask> (born March 8, 1963) is an American former competition swimmer best known for anchoring the U.S. men's 4×200-meter freestyle relay team that won the gold medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. Born in Sarasota, Florida, and raised in San Antonio, <mask> was an outstanding Texas age-group swimmer, setting numerous TAGS records. He capped a successful high school career at Highland Park High School under Coach Mike Sorrells, winning a state championship in the 200-yard individual medley and 100-yard backstroke. <mask>' success as a Texas age group and high school swimmer earned him a full scholarship to University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Swimming for coach Ron Ballatore's UCLA Bruins swimming and diving team, he was the highest scoring freshman at the 1982 NCAA Men's Swimming and Diving Championships, helping the Bruins win the national team championship. On April 13, 2012, <mask> was inducted into the Texas Swimming and Diving Hall of Fame. International career

<mask> represented the United States in several international swimming meets.He qualified in the 400-meter and 1500-meter freestyle events for the U.S. national team that won a 1981 dual meet against the Soviet Union in Kiev, Ukraine. At the 1982 FINA World Championships in Guayaquil, Ecuador, he was a finalist in the 400-meter individual medley and also contested the 400-meter and 1,500-meter freestyle events. <mask>' first national and international titles came in 1983. He won seven medals at the 1983 World University Games in Edmonton – the most by any American swimmer – and his win in the 200-meter freestyle was the only U.S. gold. His UCLA coach Ron Ballatore was quoted in Sports Illustrated about <mask>' Edmonton performance, saying, "<mask> can come home better than anyone I've ever seen." A few weeks later he won the 200-meter freestyle at the 1983 summer United States Swimming Championships. At the 1983 Pan American Games in

masks:
Lawrence Bruce Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes


texts: Caracas, Venezuela, <mask> won three gold medals in the 200-meter and 400-meter freestyle races and in the 4×200-meter freestyle relay.He also collected three gold medals at the 1983 Descente International Invitational Swim Meet in Tokyo in the same three events. <mask> won the 400-meter freestyle race at the 1984 winter United States Swimming Championships for his second national title. He finished third in the 200-meter freestyle at the 1984 United States Olympic Swimming Trials, qualifying him for a place on the U.S. team in the men's 4×200-meter freestyle relay in Los Angeles. In an event unaffected by the Soviet-led boycott, the Americans would battle a talented West German relay team including the 200-meter freestyle world record holder, Michael Gross. The U.S. coaches decided to capitalize on <mask>' finishing ability by having him take the final leg behind teammates Mike Heath, David Larson and Jeff Float. However <mask> knew that because his best 200m freestyle time was three seconds slower than Gross', he would need a three-second lead upon starting the relay to guarantee a win. With the U.S. ahead by one-and-a-half seconds after the third leg, Gross pulled even with <mask> after the first turn and was slightly ahead after the third.Yet, despite Gross' swimming the fastest 200-meter relay split to date, <mask>' closing strength resulted in a best personal time by more than a second, including the fastest final fifty meters ever. <mask> out-touched Gross by four one-hundredths (0.04) of a second, with the U.S. setting a world record 7:15.69. The Los Angeles media dubbed <mask>' team the "Grossbusters." Among their many media appearances was a Vanity Fair magazine cover with Raquel Welch. Capping the year, the U.S. men's 4×200-meter freestyle relay team won the 1984 Phillips Performance Award. <mask> appears in Bud Greenspan's documentary of the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games, 16 Days of Glory, in the segment about

masks: Hayes Hayes Hayes Hayes Hayes Hayes Hayes Hayes Hayes


texts:
 the race. Changing course

<mask> captured one more national title before retiring when he won the 200-meter freestyle at the 1984 summer United States Swimming Championships, held after the Olympics.He subsequently earned a master's degree in journalism at Northwestern University in Chicago and then moved to New York City to begin a professional career in public relations. He joined Team New York Aquatics in 1990 and began competing again, this time in Masters swimming events. He became the first Olympic gold medalist to compete at the Gay Games when he swam at Gay Games III in Vancouver in August 1990. He came out publicly while competing and has gone on to organize Gay Games events. "When you're famous and you come out, all of a sudden, the gay community wants to embrace you. You become a role model, and I felt there was a lot I could do on behalf of the Games. The media would listen to me because I have the credibility of being an Olympic gold-medal winner, the kind of leeway to say the Gay Games are serious competition."In 1992, <mask> became the first American Olympic gold medalist to declare his homosexuality publicly when he was profiled by Dick Schaap for ABC's World News Tonight regarding the challenges of being gay in the sports community. He became a spokesperson for the Gay Games IV in New York City in 1994. At Gay Games IV, his swimming success continued – he set five 25-meter short course Masters world records in the 30–34 age group, including becoming the first Masters swimmer to break 4:00 in the 400-meter freestyle. He was included in Out magazine's 1994 list of the 100 most influential gays and lesbians in America. <mask> worked for the Atlanta Committee for the Olympic Games as the Assistant Competition Manager for Swimming at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. During his time in Atlanta, he co-founded the Atlanta Rainbow Trout Masters swimming team. He resumed his public relations career at Edelman in

masks: Hayes Hayes Hayes


texts:
 New York following the Atlanta Olympics and later worked for two years in Edelman's Madrid office.In 2002, <mask> became a charter member of the Gay Games Ambassadors. He attended the Gay Games' 25th anniversary celebration in San Francisco in 2007 and presented the Federation of Gay Games' inaugural Media Award. <mask> swam again at the 2010 Gay Games VIII in Cologne, Germany, winning a bronze in the 1,500-meter freestyle (age 45–49) behind Aaron Murphy (Great Britain) and Jonathan Haines (Australia). See also

 List of Olympic medalists in swimming (men)
 List of University of California, Los Angeles people
 World record progression 4 × 200 metres freestyle relay

References

Bibliography

 De George, Matthew,  Pooling Talent: Swimming's Greatest Teams, Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, Maryland (2014).  . External links

databaseOlympics
Gay Games Profile
Past USA Swimming Champions
International Swimming Medalists
The U.S. Was Out Of Its Class, Kenny Moore, Sports Illustrated, July 18, 1983
USA Swimming – The Perfect Race: 1984 Olympic Men’s 800m Free Relay

1963 births
American male freestyle swimmers
American male medley swimmers
World record setters in swimming
Gay sportsmen
LGBT people from Florida
LGBT people from Texas
LGBT sportspeople from the United States
LGBT swimmers
Living people
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in swimming
Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States
Sportspeople from Sarasota, Florida
Sportspeople from San Antonio
Swimmers at the 1983 Pan American Games
Swimmers at the 1984 Summer Olympics
UCLA Bruins men's swimmers
Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Pan American Games medalists in swimming
Universiade medalists in swimming
Universiade gold medalists for the United States
Universiade silver medalists for the United States
Universiade bronze medalists for the United States
Medalists at the 1983 Summer Universiade
Medalists at the 1983 Pan American Games
21st-century

masks: Hayes Hayes


texts:
<mask>, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, 1st Earl of Waterford, 7th Baron Talbot, KG (c. 138717 July 1453), known as "Old Talbot", was an English nobleman and a noted military commander during the Hundred Years' War. He was the most renowned in England and most feared in France of the English captains in the last stages of the conflict. Known as a tough, cruel, and quarrelsome man, Talbot distinguished himself militarily in a time of decline for the English. Called the "English Achilles" and the "Terror of the French", he is lavishly praised in the plays of Shakespeare. The manner of his death, leading a charge against artillery, has come to symbolize the passing of the age of chivalry. He also held the subsidiary titles of 10th Baron Strange of Blackmere and 6th Baron Furnivall jure uxoris. Origins
He was descended from Richard Talbot, the son of William "Le Sire" Talbot, whose estate (wife and infant son Hugh) was a tenant in 1086 of Walter Giffard at Woburn and Battlesden in Bedfordshire.The Talbot Family descends from William Hiemois, the illegitimate son of Richard I, Duke of Normandy. William's son Hugh, Bishop of Lisieux, was the father of William "Le Sire" Talbot (1046-1066). The Talbots were cousins of William "The Conqueror", King of England, and also the Giffard family. It is incorrect to suggest that the Talbot family were vassals of the Giffards in Normandy. Hugh Talbot, Richard's son, made a grant to Beaubec Abbey, confirmed by his son Richard Talbot in 1153. This Richard (died 1175) is listed in 1166 as holding three fees of the Honour of Giffard in Buckinghamshire. He also held a fee at Linton in Herefordshire, for which his son Gilbert Talbot (died 1231) obtained a fresh charter in 1190.Gilbert's grandson Gilbert (died 1274) married Gwenlynn Mechyll, daughter and


texts: sole heiress of the Welsh Prince Rhys Mechyll, whose armorials the Talbots thenceforth assumed in lieu of their own former arms. Their son Sir Richard Talbot, who signed the Barons' Letter of 1301, held the manor of Eccleswall in Herefordshire in right of his wife Sarah, sister of William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick. In 1331 Richard's son Gilbert Talbot (1276–1346) was summoned to Parliament, which is considered evidence of his baronial status – see Baron Talbot. Gilbert's son Richard married Elizabeth Comyn, bringing with her the inheritance of Goodrich Castle. <mask> was born in about 1384 or more likely around 1387, the second son of Richard Talbot, 4th Baron Talbot of Goodrich Castle, by Ankaret, daughter and sole heiress of the 4th Baron Strange of Blackmere. His birthplace was Black Mere Castle (the caput of his mother's estates) near Whitchurch, Shropshire, which is now a scheduled monument listed as Blakemere Moat, site of the demolished fortified manor house. His younger brother Richard became Archbishop of Dublin and Lord Chancellor of Ireland: he was one of the most influential Irish statesmen of his time, and his brother's most loyal supporter during his often troubled years in Ireland.<mask> also had an elder brother, Gilbert (born 1383), who was heir to their parents' baronies of Talbot and Strange. His father died in 1396 when Talbot was around nine years old, and so it was Ankaret's second husband, Thomas Neville, 5th Baron Furnivall, who became the major influence in his early life. The marriage (1401) also gave the opportunity of a title for her second son, as Neville had no sons, with the title Baron Furnivall going through his eldest daughter Maud (Talbot's stepsister), who would become <mask>'s first wife. Their marriage resulted in <mask>

masks:
John Talbot
John
John
John


texts:
 styling himself as <mask>, 6th Baron Furnivall. Marriages and issue
Talbot was married before 12 March 1407 to Maud Neville, 6th Baroness Furnivall, daughter and heiress of his stepfather Thomas Neville, 5th Baron Furnivall, the son of <mask>, 3rd Baron Neville de Raby. The couple are thought to have had six children:
<mask>, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury (c. 141310 July 1460)
Thomas Talbot (19 June 1416, Finglas, Ireland10 August 1416)
Lady Katherine Talbot (c. 1418c. 1500) married Sir Nicholas Eyton (c. 1405c.1450), Sheriff of Shropshire 1440 & 1449. Sir Christopher Talbot (141910 August 1443)
Lady Joan Talbot (c. 1422), married James Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley
Lady Ann Talbot, married <mask>, of Abbot's Salford. By the death of his niece in 1421 he acquired the Baronies of Talbot and Strange. His first wife, Maud, died on 31 May 1422. It has been suggested that she died as an indirect result of giving birth to her daughter Joan, although there is a lack of evidence about Joan's life before her marriage to Lord Berkeley. There is even a theory that she was actually Talbot's daughter-in-law through marriage to Sir Christopher Talbot. On 6 September 1425, in the chapel at Warwick Castle, he married Lady Margaret Beauchamp, eldest daughter of Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick and Elizabeth de Berkeley.They had five children:
<mask>, 1st Baron Lisle and 1st Viscount Lisle, who was killed along with his father at Castillon on 17 July 1453. Sir Louis Talbot (c. 14291458) of Penyard
Sir Humphrey Talbot (before 14341492, Mount Sinai), marshal of Calais. Married Mary, daughter and co-heiress of <mask>un, no issue. Died probably at Saint Catherine's Monastery. Lady Eleanor Talbot (c. February/March 143630 June 1468) married to Sir Thomas Butler, and mistress to King Edward

masks:
John Talbot
John Neville
John Talbot
John Bottreaux
John Talbot
John Champerno


texts:
 IV. Lady Elizabeth Talbot (c. December 1442/January 14436 November 1506/10 May 1507). She married <mask> Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk.Talbot is known to have had at least one illegitimate child, Henry. He may have served in France with his father as it is known that a bastard son of the Earl of Shrewsbury was captured by the Dauphin Louis on 14 August 1443. Early career and service in Ireland
From 1404 to 1413 he served with his elder brother Gilbert in the Welsh revolt or the rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr. Meanwhile, he was summoned to Parliament in his wife's right from 1409. Then for five years from February 1414 he was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, where he did some fighting. He had a dispute with James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormond and Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn over the inheritance for the honour of Wexford which he held. Complaints were made against him both for his harsh government in Ireland and for acts of violence in Herefordshire, where he was a friend of the Lollard Sir <mask>, and for land disputes with retainers of the Earl of Arundel.The dispute with the Earl of Ormond escalated into a long-running feud between Talbot and his brother, the Archbishop of Dublin, on the one hand, and the Butler family and their allies the Berkeleys on the other. The feud reached its height in the 1440s, and in the end just about every senior official in Ireland had taken sides in the quarrel. Both sides were reprimanded by the Privy Council for weakening English rule in Ireland: the Council implored them to make up their differences. Friendly relations were finally achieved by the marriage of Talbot's son and heir to Ormond's daughter, Lady Elizabeth Butler. During <mask>'s first term in Ireland, his elder brother Gilbert was serving as a soldier in France. Gilbert died

masks:
John de
John Oldcastle
John


texts:
 on 19 October 1418 at the siege of Rouen, and his lands were inherited by his only daughter and heiress Ankaret Talbot, <mask>'s niece. Ankaret, 6th Baroness Talbot, died shortly after on 13 December 1421 and the Talbot family lands were thus inherited by her uncle <mask>, who became 7th Baron Talbot.From 1420 to 1424 he served in France, apart from a brief return at the end of the first year to organise the festivities of celebrating the coronation of Catherine of Valois, the bride of Henry V. He returned to France in May 1421 and took part in the Battle of Verneuil on 17 August 1424 earning him the Order of the Garter. In 1425, he was lieutenant again for a short time in Ireland; he served again in 1446–7. On the latter appointment he was made Earl of Waterford and hereditary Lord High Steward of Ireland. Service in France
So far his career was that of a turbulent Marcher Lord, employed in posts where a rough hand was useful. It was for his actions in France that he would acquire his fame, however. In 1427 he went again to France, where he fought alongside the Duke of Bedford and the <mask> of Warwick with distinction in Maine and at the Siege of Orléans. He fought at the Battle of Patay on 18 June 1429 where he was captured and held prisoner for four years.He was released in exchange for the French leader Jean Poton de Xaintrailles and returned to England in May 1433. He stayed until July when he returned to France under the Earl of Somerset. Talbot was a daring and aggressive soldier, perhaps the most audacious captain of the age. He and his forces were ever ready to retake a town and to meet a French advance. His trademark was rapid aggressive attacks. He was rewarded by being appointed governor and lieutenant general in France and Normandy and, in 1434, the Duke of

masks: John John Earl


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 Bedford made him Count of Clermont. He also reorganized the army with captains and lieutenants, trained the men for sieges, and equipped them accordingly.But when the Duke of Bedford died in 1435, the Burgundian government in Paris defected to the French, leaving Talbot, known as le roi talbot ("king Talbot") as the main English general in the field. On 2 February 1436, he led a small force including Sir Thomas Kyriell and Sir Thomas Scales and routed La Hire and Xaintrailles at the battle of Ry near Rouen. Later that year, he did much to recover large portions of land on the Pays de Caux in eastern Normandy which had been lost to the French a few months earlier. On the dawn of 13 February 1437, in spectacular fashion, he took the town of Pontoise north of Paris by surprise, threatening the capital itself for a time. The same year at Crotoy, after a daring passage of the Somme, he put a numerous Burgundian force to flight. At night on 22–23 December 1439, following a surprise flank attack on their camp, he dispersed the 6000 strong army of the Constable Richemont, and on 7 July 1440 he retook Harfleur. In 1441, he pursued the French army four times over the Seine and Oise rivers in an unavailing attempt to bring it to battle.Lord Shrewsbury
Around February 1442, Talbot returned to England to request urgent reinforcements for the Duke of York in Normandy. In March, under king's orders, ships were requisitioned for this purpose with Talbot himself responsible for assembling ships from the Port of London and from Sandwich. On Whit Sunday, 20 May, Henry VI created him Earl of Shrewsbury. Just five days later, with the requested reinforcements, Talbot returned to France where in June they mustered at Harfleur. During that time, he met his six-year-old daughter Eleanor for the


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 first time and almost certainly left the newly created Countess Margaret pregnant with another child. In June 1443, Talbot again returned to England on behalf of the Duke of York to plead for reinforcements, but this time the English Council refused, instead sending a separate force under Shrewsbury's brother-in-law, Edmund Beaufort. His son, Sir Christopher, stayed in England where shortly afterwards he was murdered with a lance at the age of 23 by one of his own men, Griffin Vachan of Treflidian on 10 August at "Cawce, County Salop" (Caus Castle).The English Achilles

He was appointed in 1445 by Henry VI (as king of France) as Constable of France. Taken hostage at Rouen in 1449 he promised never to wear armour against the French King again, and he was true to his word. However, though he did not personally fight, he continued to command English forces against the French. In England he was widely renowned as the best general King Henry VI had. The king relied upon his support at Dartford in 1452, and in 1450 to suppress Cade's Revolt. In 1452 he was ordered to Bordeaux as the king's lieutenant of the Duchy of Aquitaine, and landed there on 17 October. He repaired castle garrisons facing mounting pressure from France, when some reinforcements arrived with his son <mask>, Viscount Lisle in spring 1453, and he captured Fronsac.Death

He was defeated and killed on 17 July 1453 at the Battle of Castillon near Bordeaux, which effectively ended English rule in Aquitaine, a principal cause of the Hundred Years' War. It was reported at the time that when his horse was fatally struck by enemy ordinance, it fell on top of Talbot and pinned him down, enabling a French soldier to finish him off with a battleaxe. His heart was buried in the doorway of St Alkmund's Church,