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 commander.Since October 1942 he commanded 297th Fighter Division of PVO of Transbaikal Zone of Anti-Air Defence, headquartered in Chita. Since April till June 1944 he was on probation in action in 311th Fighter Division of the 2nd Air Army, 1st Ukrainian Front on the position of deputy commander for flight operations. In July 1944 he was removed from the command for a lot of service drawbacks and low level of combat training in the division. After being in reserve for some time he was assigned to serve as deputy commander of 234th Fighter Division of 6th Fighter Corps (16th Air Army, 1st Belorussian Front). He participated in Vistula-Oder Offensive and East Pomeranian Offensive, but did not use his chance to restore reputation. In March 1945 he was again removed from command for "systematic drunkenness, unwillingness to follow the directions of higher commanders and Military Soviet of Front, unwillingness to work and fly, and also loss of authority among subordinates", and sent from the front to reserve of personnel department of Air Force of the Red Army. During the war he was never promoted or awarded.Data on his victories during the WWII is contradictory and unsupported by published documents. In August 1945 colonel <mask> was discharged. After discharge <mask> returned to his birthplace and dwelt there until his death. He died at March 24, 1967. He is buried in Krasnaya Gorbatka in Vladimir Oblast. Awards

 Gold Star of Hero of Soviet Union No.25
 Order of Lenin
 Order of the Red Banner
 Medal "For Battle Merit"
 Medal "For the Defence of the Soviet Transarctic"
 Medal "For the Capture of Berlin"
 Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
 commemorative medals

Memory

 A street is named after <mask> in Krasnaya Gorbatka, a memory plaque was installed there, and a Su-9 airplane was installed as a monument to him in the town. A street in Tulun is named after <mask>.References

1912 births
1967 deaths
Heroes of the Soviet Union
Soviet Air

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<mask> (born 27 May 1953 in Barton-on-Sea, England) is a British conductor, composer of contemporary classical music and former percussionist. <mask> studied composition with Nadia Boulanger in Paris from 1971 to 1972 before going on to study music at Cambridge University, where he was organ scholar of Sidney Sussex College from 1972 until 1975. After graduating from Cambridge he went on to study percussion and conducting at the Royal Academy of Music, London, from 1975 until 1976. After a further year studying percussion privately with Nicholas Cole, <mask> embarked on a triple career as percussionist, composer and conductor. Career
In 1977 he was appointed conductor of the Schola Cantorum of Oxford, a post which he held until 1981, and immediately following this he founded the New London Chamber Choir, of which he was principal conductor for twenty-six years until moving to Germany in 2007. New London Chamber Choir (NLCC)
During his time with NLCC he pioneered a large amount of little-known choral music from a wide range of composers, including Iannis Xenakis, Tona Scherchen, Toru Takemitsu, Eric Bergman, Harrison Birtwistle, Lili Boulanger, Ruth Crawford, Luigi Dallapiccola, Frank Denyer, György Kurtág, György Ligeti, Almeida Prado, Giacinto Scelsi, Alfred Schnittke, Claude Vivier, Walter Zimmermann and <mask> himself. He was also responsible for the commissioning many new works (many of which included electronics) from composers including Jonathan Harvey (Forms of Emptiness, Ashes Dance Back, The Summer Cloud’s Awakening), Alejandro Vinao (Epitafios), Javier Alvarez (Calacas Imaginarias), Iannis Xenakis (Knephas),

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 Luca Francesconi (Let me Bleed), Simon Bainbridge (Eicha), Roberto Sierra (Cantos Populares) and David Sawer (Stramm Gedichte).Many of <mask>’s own works were also specially written for NLCC, including Incantamenta (for 24 solo voices), Phainomena (for 18 solo voices, 17 instruments and electronics) and his large-scale church opera, Hildegard, for soloists, chorus, ensemble and electronics. With NLCC <mask> undertook numerous CD recordings, many of which were world premiere recordings: these included music by Eric Bergman (Chandos), Lili Boulanger (Hyperion),  Ruth Crawford Seeger (Deutsche Grammophon),  Giacinto Scelsi (Una Corda), Frank Denyer (Continuum), Iannis Xenakis (Hyperion) and <mask> himself. They also recorded music of Poulenc, and Janáček, for Hyperion, and Dallapiccola for Erato. Their 1990 Hyperion recording of Stravinsky’s Les Noces (performed in collaboration with the choir of the Institute of the Arts, Voronezh, Russia) was voted ‘best available recording’ in BBC Radio 3's 'Building a Library' in September 2000. They also collaborated with Oliver Knussen and the London Sinfonietta in a recording of Stravinsky’s The Flood and Requiem Canticles. In 1988, <mask> helped devise a BBC Two documentary about Lili Boulanger – Whom the Gods Loved directed by Hilary Boulding. The film culminated in performances of the Pie Jesu as well as Boulanger’s monumental Du Fond de l’Abime with Linda Hirst, Martyn Hill, New London Chamber Choir and the London Sinfonietta.Percussion activities
Alongside his activities as a conductor and composer, <mask> was also active as a percussionist in many contemporary ensembles

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 including Lontano, Gemini, Matrix (director Alan Hacker), Dreamtiger, Endymion and the London Sinfonietta. In this capacity he was noticed by the new director of the Darmstädter Ferienkurse, Friedrich Ferdinand Hommel, who invited him to succeed Christoph Caskel as Professor of Percussion from 1982. He retained this position throughout the Hommel years until 1994. During this time he pioneered a wide range of new for solo percussion and percussion ensemble, including many new pieces of his own, such as Choroi kai Thaliai (1982), Ho shang Yao (1983) and Rogosanti (1986), which he toured extensively with the soprano, Sara Stowe and the sound engineer, John Whiting. All of these pieces were also recorded for CD and released by Continuum. He was artistic director of the 1988 and 1990 Percussion Festivals in London, and also devised two BBC TV documentaries on percussion in the BBC Two series Music in Camera, directed by Hilary Boulding. One of Friedrich Hommel’s principal aims as Director of the Darmstädter Ferienkurse had always been to establish the courses as a centre for the rapidly evolving world of percussion.To this end he commissioned <mask> to write a large-scale work for percussion ensemble which would make full use of the large number of talented young percussionists from all over the world who were coming to Darmstadt for the summer courses. The result was Stoicheia, a 65-minute work for two percussion soloists, two percussion ensembles, four synthesizers and electronics. The two soloists were Steven Schick and <mask> himself, and the work was subsequently recorded by Wergo. 1980s and 1990s
During the period

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texts: from 1983 onwards <mask> started to experiment with microtonality. In Ho shang Yao (Songs by the River) he devised simple prototype quartertone extensions for marimba and glockenspiel. As a result of this and further experiments in works such as Spirit Festival with Lamentations , Stoicheia and the quartertone marimba concerto, Venancio Mbande talking with the trees, he became convinced that any future for microtonality would have to involve first and foremost the development of microtonal fixed-pitch instruments (for example keyboard percussion instruments) and the adoption of satisfactory designs by commercial instrument builders. Following his own second prototype quartertone marimba extension the design was taken up by the Dutch company, Adams, who produce them on special order.But outside the realm of purely fixed-pitch instruments, <mask> was also active in writing microtonal music for conventional instruments – this led to one of <mask>’s largest-scale works, Oreion, for large orchestra. Commissioned by the BBC for the 1989 Proms (9 August), this 30-minute work was performed by the BBC Symphony Orchestra conducted by <mask> himself. The work was subsequently selected for performance at the 1991 ISCM Festival in Zürich, performed this time by the Krakow Radio Orchestra, again conducted by the composer. This experience led to the idea of engaging in some kind of research and training programme for instrumentalists in microtonal performance, and so in 1990 <mask> founded London's first Centre for Microtonal Music, and its ensemble, Critical Band. The purpose of the Microtonal Centre was to research instrumental

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 microtonal playing techniques, to teach these to young musicians whilst at the same time educating composers in the historical, theoretical, emotional and practical implications of microtonality. The initiative involved the collaboration of the Society for the Promotion of New Music (SPNM), the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, and the Barbican Centre in London, which held a Weekend of Microtonal Music, 'In Tune? ', in 1990, 1991 and 1992.Aside from its presence at the 'In Tune?' Festivals, the ensemble 'Critical Band' undertook several recordings, concerts and tours, including a CD of three of <mask>'s own compositions: Venancio Mbande talking with the Trees, Phainomena and Two men meet, each presuming the other to be from a distant planet. This latter work was also premiered by Critical Band at the 1995 BBC Proms (September 11). But after the late 1990s, both the Centre for Microtonal Music and Critical Band became disbanded through lack of funding. Ever conscious of the fact that electronic music provided a perfect medium in which to explore his love for both microtonality and new sounds, <mask> decided to immerse himself more fully in this world, and in 1996 undertook a major project at IRCAM in Paris. He worked together with Carl Faia on a new work for Alphorn, MIDI-cowbells and electronics – Mountain Language – from 1997 to 1998. This marked the start of a series of works involving electronics, including Séance (1996), Jodo (1999), Autumn Voices (2001) and the opera, Hildegard (2002–2006).Recent developments and move to Germany
From the mid-1990s, <mask> also started to receive conducting invitations from

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texts: several European ensembles, including l’Itinéraire, Ensemble InterContemporain, musikFabrik and Champ d’Action, and choirs including Netherlands Radio Choir, Netherlands Chamber Choir, Swedish Radio Choir, Collegium Vocale Gent, West German Radio Choir, Berlin Radio Choir, RIAS Kammerchor, as well as the Tokyo Philharmonic Choir. In 2002, he worked closely with Karlheinz Stockhausen on the world premiere of Engel-Prozessionen, which he conducted at the Amsterdam Concertgebouw with the Netherlands Radio Choir. In 2011, he conducted the same work as part of Cologne Opera's production of the opera, Sonntag aus Licht. <mask>'s increasing activity in mainland Europe eventually led, in 2007, to his decision to leave England for Germany. Since then <mask> has continued to work regularly with choirs and ensembles throughout Europe, notably the Netherlands Radio Choir, musikFabik, Berlin Radio Choir, RIAS Kammerchor and the MDR Rundfunkchor in Leipzig, as well as remaining prolific as a composer. Notable performances include Luigi Nono’s Caminantes Ayacucho with the Netherlands Radio Choir and Netherlands Radio Chamber Philharmonic Orchestra at the 2008 Holland Festival; his training of the Vienna State Opera Chorus for Nono’s Al gran sole carico d’amore at the 2009 Salzburg Festival, conducted by Ingo Metzmacher; the first ever performance with live pianolist (Rex Lawson) of Theo Verbey’s completion of Stravinsky’s 1919 version Les Noces with musikFabrik and RIAS Kammerchor at the Berlin Philharmonie in 2013; and the German premiere of <mask>'s own Tongues of Fire (for large chorus and percussion quartet) with the MDR


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 Rundfunkchor in Leipzig in November 2014. From 2008 until 2011, he undertook the reconstruction of the two missing voices of the Sacrae Cantiones Liber Secundus of the sixteenth-century Italian composer, Carlo Gesualdo.This massive undertaking culminated in his recording of the complete set with Vocalconsort Berlin for Harmonia Mundi. Released in February 2013, the recording went on to receive universal critical acclaim, and was awarded the ECHO Klassik Preis in the category ‘Choir Recording of the Year’ in October 2013. Following a joint commission from the Dutch Ensemble, Insomnio, the Stichting De Vrede van Utrecht and the Eduard Van Beinum Stichting, <mask> then undertook a collaboration with the writer, Paul Griffiths and the director, Sybille Wilson on the opera, Gulliver, based on Gulliver’s Travels by Jonathan Swift – a project which lasted three years, from 2011 until 2014. At the same time he completed several new works for percussion, including a 35-minute work for percussion ensemble, Cloud-Polyphonies, commissioned by a consortium of American Universities headed by Michael Rosen. Since 2008 <mask> has directed the Tenso Young Composers Workshops, designed to help and encourage young composers from all over Europe in composing for chamber choir. Awards and Honours
1980 : Lili Boulanger Memorial Prize
1993 : Gemini Fellowship
1995/6 : Arts Foundation Fellowship for electro-acoustic composition
1996 : Holst Foundation Award
1990 : appointed a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Music, London
2013 : ECHO Klassik Prize (Choir Recording of the Year) together with Vocalconsort Berlin for their Harmonia Mundi


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 recording of <mask>’s reconstruction of Gesualdo’s Sacrae Cantiones Liber Secundus. List of works

Discography (works by <mask>)

References

External links
 Official <mask> website
 Interview with <mask> by Juan Carlos Pérez Davila about the opera Hildegard for Oro Molido magazine.Oro Molido no. 16, January 2006
 Performance of Rogosanti by Victor Caccese on the Vic Firth website
 Interview with <mask> by John Palmer, published by CE Books, Vision Edition 2015
 Tenso Network Artistic Council

Microtonal musicians
1953 births
20th-century classical composers
English classical composers
21st-century classical composers
Living people
Alumni of the Royal Academy of Music
English male classical composers
20th-century English composers
21st-century English composers
20th-century British male musicians
21st-century British male

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<mask> (1 October 1935 – 12 January 2020) was an Italian journalist-commentator and, especially during his later years, a prolific author of books and essays. Much of his writing was rooted in recent or contemporary history, notably with regard to the antifascist resistance of the Mussolini years. Biography

Provenance and early years
<mask> was born and grew up at Casale Monferrato, an ancient but at that time still flourishing industrial town down-river to the east of Turin, in the Province of Alessandria. His father Ernesto had grown up in poverty, the fifth of his parents' six children. Since <mask> had been the last of the children to leave home and marry, it was to his home that the widowed grandmother had moved when the children were off her hands. The young <mask> grew up with a close relationship to his grandmother, born Caterina Zaffiro in 1869 in the little village of Caresana, across the river to the north. The Pansas had been casual farm workers, but had transferred to industrial work a generation earlier.As <mask> grew up there were three obvious career options on the horizon. Work in the local Marl quarries was the least appealing. Another possibility would have been a job at one of the many cement factories in the town. The third, and as it seemed at the time "cleanest", option would have involved following his father's example and working at the Eternit asbestos plant. He attended school locally at the "Istituto Balbo" (secondary school), where he received a "classical education", opening the way for university admission and a chance to move away. Graduating from school

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Giampaolo Pansa
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 with top marks, complemented by a "cum laude" commendation for his school final exams, <mask> enrolled at the University of Turin, where he studied for a degree in political sciences. One of his teachers at the university was Alessandro Galante Garrone:  it was Garrone who encouraged him to study the history of the Second World War and of the Italian Resistance.He completed his university studies on 16 July 1959 with a degree in Political Sciences, received in return for a dissertation on "The Resistance in the Province of Alessandria (1943–1945)". The work was supervised by Guido Quazza. An expanded version appeared as a book in 1967, entitled for publication, "Guerra partigiana tra Genova e il Po" ("The Partisan War between Genoa and the Po"). His work on the wartime antifascist resistance also earned him the "Einaudi Prize", worth 500,000 lire and, of perhaps greater significance for his future career, drew him to the attention of the power-brokers at the prestigious Turin-based daily newspaper, La Stampa. Daily newspaper journalist
In 1961 <mask> <mask> joined La Stampa. Between 1961 and 1991 he worked for a succession of nationally distributed newspapers. In the end he contributed, at different stages, to all Italy's' leading papers.1961–1964, La Stampa:  He undertook a traineeship at La Stampa, then under the directorship of Giulio De Benedetti, between January 1961 and June 1962. He then stayed on for another two years. Some of his most memorable contributions during this period concerned the Vajont disaster. 1964–1968, Il Giorno:  With the Milan-based paper under the directorship

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texts: of Italo Pietra, <mask> reported on events in the Lombardy region. 1969–1972, La Stampa:  <mask> then returned to La Stampa shortly after Alberto Ronchey took over as director of the newspaper, providing memorable reports on the Piazza Fontana bombing in Milan. 1972–1973, Il Messaggero:  Leaving his northern home-base, he moved to Il Messaggero in Rome where he served as Editor-in-chief under the directorship of Alessandro Perrone, who during the previous five years had pioneered the application of computer graphics and other technological innovations that made Messaggero a uniquely influential newspaper-technology benchmark for Italy. Under <mask>, in charge of a mass-circulation Rome-based daily at a time of growing terrorism and anarchism on the streets, the paper retained it moderate centre-left editorial position that was only slightly to the left of the country's ruling establishment.In the editorial office, however, he inherited a fractious team that took a lead from the acutely quarrelsome relationship between Director Perrone and his cousin Ferdinando Perrone, another major shareholder and a constant presence in the offices. <mask>'s editorship came to an end after Messaggero was sold to Montedison in May 1974. 1973–1977, Corriere della Sera:   At the start of July 1973 <mask> joined Corriere della Sera in Genoa, then under the directorship of Piero Ottone, seen by commentators of the time as representative of a younger "more dynamic" generation of newspaper directors. Employed as a "special correspondent", <mask> used his time at Corriere to burnish his credentials as an

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 investigative journalist, notably through a series of pieces produced in partnership with his friend Gaetano Scardocchia, which contributed to the uncovering of the Lockheed scandals. 1977–1991, la Repubblica:   <mask> joined la Repubblica in November 1977. Launched the previous year as Italy's first mass-circulation tabloid newspaper, Repubblica was still under the energetic yet thoughtful control of its co-founder and long-standing director cum editor-in-chief, the "political heavy-weight" Eugenio Scalfari. <mask> joined as a "special correspondent", and in October 1978 accepted a complementary position as the paper's deputy director.Scalfari and Pansa formed an effective partnership in guiding Repubblica through a difficult period of intensified political instability and street terrorism, from which Italy's first serious tabloid emerged with its reputation enhanced and a growing readership which made it, in 1988, the country's top newspaper, with circulation at 730,000 copies. He left in 1991 to pursue other interests, but in 2000 returned to la Repubblica as a regular contributing editor. Weekly journalist-commentator
In parallel with his newspaper work, during the 1980s <mask> also worked on a regular basis for several of weekly news magazines. 1983–1984, Epoca:  He created the "Quaderno italiano" (loosely, "Italian notebook") column on Epoca, which at the time when he joined the magazine was under the directorship of Sandro Mayer. 1984–1987, L'Espresso:  He joined Giovanni Valentini's L'Espresso in 1984 and created the well-received "Chi sale e chi scende" (loosely, "Who's on the up

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 and who's on the down") column. 1987–1990, Panorama:  <mask> moved to the Milan-based news magazine, Panorama in 1987, further raising his profile as an unmissable columnist with the magazine through his "Bestiario" ("Bestiary") column. Then as now, Panorama was produced under the aegis of the Arnoldo Mondadori Editore (publishing conglomerate), having originally been launched by Arnoldo Mondadori himself back in 1939.Since 1985 it had operated under the directorship of Claudio Rinaldi. During his time there, <mask> <mask> became a co-director of Panorama. His "Bestiario" column built on his reputation for exposing "national malpractice", without descending into hypocrisy. 1991–2008, L'Espresso:   When he returned to L'Espresso in 1991 he was able to bring his "Bestiario" column with him. At the same time Giovanni Valentini moved over to la Repubblica and Giulio Anselmi took over as the director of L'Espresso. Meanwhile, <mask> <mask> was installed as co-director. When Anselmi also moved back to the world of daily newspapers, Daniela Hamaui became the magazine's director, while <mask> remained in place as co-director till 2008, the year of his 73rd birthday.According to <mask>, Espresso Director Hamui reacted to his decision to "retire" by screaming throughout the day on which he told her of his decision, "Why do you go away? Why? ", following through, after he had left his desk, with a series of angry telephone calls and e-mails. Perspective
Through <mask>'s career as a journalist, publications produced by the press conglomerate known today as GEDI Gruppo Editoriale predominated. He

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 worked without any significant break, between 1977 and 2008, for two of the group's most successful titles, la Repubblica and then L'Espresso. During his years on la Repubblica his political perspective generally reflected that of the centre-left parties, which for most of the period meant that he would be supportive of the Socialist Party and others representative of opposition to the government in the Chamber of Deputies. He was never slow to criticise the Communist Party – widely perceived by opponents as being "too close to Moscow" – through his political investigations and commentaries, however.His political perspectives were also on display in a book he published under the title "La Repubblica di Barbapapà. Storia irriverente di un potere invisibile" ("The Republic of Daddy Beard. Irreverent history of an invisible power"). By the time the book appeared, in 2014, <mask> had become critical of "Barbapapà's" approach. In his biography <mask> presents a case for the creator of Repubblica demonstrating political bias and, on occasion, heightened self-regard; but he also pays tribute to the sheer genius and total dedication to work which he sees as among of his old boss's formidable array of qualities. A skilful political reporter, <mask> is considered a leading light among journalists of the Italian "first" republic. He was an attentive observer of facts and of personalities, always among the first to arrive in the press gallery at party political conferences which he attended assiduously, armed with his notebook and opera glasses.Career highlights
After the Piazza Fontana bombing,


texts: <mask> created a valuable "counterinformation" dossier which helped to identify untruths supplied by the authorities in connection with the aftermath of the bomb massacre. He nevertheless refused to join in with the more virulent aspects of the campaign that ensued:  he refused, for example, to be join the 757 politicians, journalists and "intellectuals" who signed the angry Open letter of June 1971, targeting (the subsequently assassinated) Police Commissioner Calabresi following the (never explained) death of the alleged bomb suspect Giuseppe Pinelli while detained police custody and the associated cover-up. <mask> was also among the first of the habitually left-wing journalists to assert without qualification, in response to the terrorism of the 1970s and 1980s that, as he put it, "the Red Brigades were red" – as in genuinely left-wing killers and not, as many with longer memories had assumed, fascist revivalists trying discredit the political left by allowing the Red Brigades to be blamed for atrocities committed by others. <mask>'s early and persistent rejection of this widely shared conspiracy theory served to discredit him in the eyes of many "progressive intellectuals". His dogged and revealing investigations of the Red Brigades led to his being targeted, along with his friend and colleague Walter Tobagi. As matters turned out, however, it was Tobagi who was gunned down on a Milan street rather than Pansa. <mask> also becqme known as an enthusiastic creator of neologisms and sarcastic "definitions", frequently untranslatable, and generally involving politicians and political

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 parties.He cast Fausto Bertinotti as  "il parolaio rosso" (loosely, the "Red Word") while he identified Italy's Christian Democratic Party as the "White Whale", a literary allusion referencing the party's ability to survive a thousand battles. He described the irrepressible loyalists surrounding the politician Clemente Mastella as "truppe mastellate" ("mastellated troops"), in a conscious echo of the term "truppe cammellate" ("camel-mounted troops"). The Communist Party was the "red elephant" while the right-wing politician Arnaldo Forlani was "the were rabbit". Nor should it be thought that <mask> always spared his fellow journalists:  in 1980 he published as article in la Repubblica under the headline "Il giornalista dimezzato" (loosely, "journalism trashed"), in which he castigated the conduct, which he found hypocritical, of colleagues who in his words, "surrendered half of their own professionalism to the party". Retirement? Reports of <mask>'s retirement from L'Espresso on 30 September 2008 tend to explain the development not by pointing out that the move came the day before his seventy-third birthday, but by quoting his own justification that he found himself opposed to the magazine's editorial line. While it is true that during his final twelve year <mask> <mask> found more time to publish novels and historical essays, he still contributed to political magazines and newspapers, principally as listed below:
  2008–2010, Il Riformista, Rome
  2009–2016, Libero, Milan:  here he took the opportunity, in 2011, to reintroduce his "Bestiario" column.2016–2018, La Verità, Milan

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 2018–2019, Panorama, Milan
  2019–2020, The Post Internazionale, Rome (online)

He later attributed his decision to leave La Verità in 2018 to what he saw as the paper's "Northern League" drift, while insisting that he had himself always enjoyed complete freedom from the editor to write what he wished. Novels and historical essays
The focus to which <mask> would return most frequently in his books and essays was on the wartime resistance, the topic that he had studied for his university degree. In "Le notti dei fuochi" ("Nights of fire"), published in 2001, <mask> explored the critical period between 1919 and 1922, covering the birth of the Squadrismo movement, Mussolini's March on Rome and the inauguration of Fascism. He followed through, in 2002, with "I figli dell'Aquila" ("Children of the eagle"), the story of a volunteer soldier in the army of the so-called "Italian Social Republic ("Repubblica Sociale Italiana"). Then came the "Blood of the vanquished" cycle, a short series of books on the violence committed by partisans against fascists during and after the war. Despite appearing more than half a century after the events described, there was an element of uneasy shock discernible beneath even in the positive critical reaction which came primarily from representatives of mainstream intellectual centre-left. <mask> had turned for his sources to authorities such as Giorgio Pisanò as Antonio Serena:  there were also many personal stories from those who might be identified, in terms of the series title, as the "vanquished".Pansa's historiographical approach with the six volume cycle was


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 in aggregate unconventional, described by one source as a mixture of "historical novel", serious "Feuilleton commentary" and political polemic. Its overall style and structure were more recently analysed in some depth by Nicola Gallerano. In 2011 the publication of "Poco o niente. Eravamo poveri. Torneremo poveri" ("Little or nothing. We were poor. We will always be poor") marked an abrupt change.The book was a portrait of the poor in northern Italy at the cusp of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It was the story of <mask>'s grandmother and of his own parents. Controversy over the "Blood of the vanquished" cycle
As the first volume in the Blood of the vanquished ("Il sangue dei vinti") cycle became more widely read, <mask> found himself in receipt of mounting criticism. There were complaints that he had tarnished the still iconic narrative of the wartime resistance, and that he had been motivated not by virtuous idealism, but by the lure of personal economic gain. The attacks came from many sides:  Giorgio Bocca, a long-standing antagonist among <mask>'s fellow journalists, was particularly withering with his references to "[journalist]-skinheads of the left". There were allegations that Blood of the vanquished represented little more than a device intended to attract further editorial commissions from the Berlusconi media empire, while others asserted that the author had merely recycled and embellished incidents and events that had already been identified and recorded by others. Other detractors said that almost all the sources he had used were revisionist ones representing only


texts: the fascist viewpoint.That was one accusation that <mask> always rejected with particular vigour, insisting that he had used sources from across the political spectrum and shed new light on a part of history that deserved to be better known than it was. He had certainly done nothing to detract from the meritoriousness and importance of wartime antifascist resistance. He pointed to the various descriptions included of atrocities committed by certain fascist fighters against resistance partisans before being killed themselves. Not all the critics were persuaded. There are reports of book launches at which <mask> found himself engaged in savage discussions about his Blood of the vanquished cycle, not just with members of the far-left but also by "academics" who charged him with the crime of "revisionism". At one event in Reggio Emilia, attended by angry groups both from the left of the arguments and from the right, fighting broke out. The episode came to the attention of President Giorgio Napolitano and Senate President Franco Marini, who condemned "the attack on Gaimpaolo <mask>" and "deplored the violence suffered":  "We cannot accept what happened – in this case serious – to an intellectual who produces a work of historical reflection which I believe is worthwhile ... of course some share the opinions and some refute them, but  there must be freedom for all works of history and literature".There were also more thoughtful or nuanced, reactions such as that of Ernesto Galli della Loggia, who reacted positively to <mask>'s contributions, but still wondered in print what it said about the


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 Italians that people were generally content to ignore many historical crimes for years on end, only taking an interest and providing opinions when a high-profile intellectual from the political left, such as <mask> <mask>, placed some such matters on the public agenda. Even the historian Sergio Luzzatto, whose initial bemusement over Blood of the vanquished had translated into a harsh negativity, later came round to an acceptance that the series contained "nothing made up" and demonstrated a reassuring "respect for history". Italian journalist Massimo Fini reviewd <mask>'s work positively, but criticized him for relying too heavily on the History of the Civil War in Italy, a 3-volume history of the Italian Civil War published by fascist essayist Giorgio Pisanò in 1966. Death
During his final years <mask> lived with his wife at San Casciano, a small town in the hills beyond Siena. It is at San Casciano that his physical remains were interred following a funerary mass attended by townsfolk and journalist colleagues on 14 January 2020. He had died in Rome on 12 January 2020 after several months of suffering with serious Colitis. Personal
<mask> <mask> married firstly, in 1960, Lidia "Lillina" Casalone from Mortara.The marriage was followed by the birth, in 1962, of the couple's son, Alessandro. In 1993 <mask> also acquired a nephew called Giacomo through his marriage to "Lillina". <mask> <mask> married secondly Adele Grisendi, a party member originally from Montecchio Emilia (RE). They lived as a "de facto couple" between 1989 and 2020, latterly in Tuscany. Adele Grisendi is a writer and

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 former trades union organiser who for many years worked in a top position with the CGIL. She describes herself as a passionate Juventus supporter. She contributed extensively to the "Blood of the vanquished" cycle.They met, originally, on 23 November 1989, when she cautiously approached him and asked a question – probably about politics – as they found themselves travelling together on the train from Rome to Florence. They moved in together a couple of months later. Notes

References

1935 births
2020 deaths
University of Turin alumni
20th-century Italian journalists
21st-century Italian journalists
20th-century Italian male writers
21st-century Italian male writers
Bancarella Prize winners
Grand Officers of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
People from Casale Monferrato
People from the Province of Alessandria
People from


texts:
<mask> (born 29 January 1943) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for  and  in the Victorian Football League (VFL) during the 1960s and 1970s. Early years and football career
<mask> was born and raised in Ross Creek, Victoria, a country town near Ballarat. He and his twin brother, Basil, were two of a large family consisting of nine children (seven boys and two girls) to parents William and <mask>. Tuddenham's upbringing was typical of country footballers who came from farming families. Before and after school and during weekends, he had to help with various farm chores. Sport, usually football or cricket, was played on Saturday, and the family attended church on Sundays. The daily grind of farm work helped to strengthen Tuddenham's shoulders and arms, and a fanatical attitude to fitness hardened his body.<mask> played cricket with five of his brothers for Ross Creek, and football for the Young Christian Worker's club in Ballarat. In the space of three seasons he went from the Under-14s to the Under-19s side, and won the league's best and fairest trophy at 16. Tuddenham attracted the attention of several VFL clubs. He made his VFL debut in 1962 against  at Arden Street Oval. His brand of football was fearless and tough, with a habit of grasping the football to his chest with his elbows sticking out dangerously. In recognition of his toughness and skills, <mask> was appointed Collingwood captain in 1966. In the semi-final against , he kicked seven goals on Daryl Griffiths in a tense 10-point win to advance to the grand final.But St Kilda reversed the result two weeks later to take out the 1966 VFL Grand Final by one point, winning

masks:
Desmond Vincent Tuddenham
Tuddenham
Anne Tuddenham
Tuddenham
Tuddenham


texts: their first and only premiership so far. Collingwood were eliminated from the 1967 finals by eventual runner-up  in the first semi-final. The Magpies trailed by one point at three-quarter time, but the Cats kicked six goals to one in the final quarter to win by 30 points. <mask> was reported for striking Geelong defender Geoff Ainsworth on the head with his forearm in the last quarter by field umpire Jeff Crouch. He was found guilty and suspended for four matches. In February 1970, <mask> and his deputy Len Thompson were involved in a pay dispute after they learned that Collingwood had recruited its first interstate player, Peter Eakins, from Western Australian club  for a sign-on fee of A$5,000 and A$5,000 a season for three years. That was A$2,000 more than <mask> was receiving as captain.<mask> asked for A$8,000 over three seasons, and Thompson A$30,000 over five seasons, threatening to walk out if their demands were not met. Three weeks later, during which time there had been no negotiations, both players returned. Although their demands had not been met they did obtain a slightly improved salary; under the clubs terms, <mask> would receive A$125 per match plus VFL provident fund payments, and Thompson would earn A$105 per match. Although <mask> was confident the little episode would not affect his chances of retaining the captaincy, the Magpies committee announced Terry Waters as captain for the 1970 VFL season and Tuddenham accepted the decision. Collingwood finished on top of the ladder with 18 wins and defeated arch-rivals  in a semi-final by 10 points to advance to the grand final. However, as had happened four years earlier against St

masks: Tuddenham Tuddenham Tuddenham Tuddenham Tuddenham Tuddenham


texts:
 Kilda, Carlton would reverse the result in the 1970 VFL Grand Final, coming from 44 points down at half-time to overrun Collingwood in the second half. Tuddenham was regarded among Collingwood's best players on the day.During the game he accidentally floored teammate Peter McKenna in the second quarter with a hip-and-shoulder bump meant for a Carlton player. McKenna had kicked five goals up to that stage of the game and would only add one more for the rest of the match. In an interview 40 years later, <mask> cited a lack of fitness, as well as inaccurate kicking for goal, as the main reason Collingwood lost: "I suggested to (coach) Bob Rose after we lost the 1966 Grand Final to St Kilda by a point that he do the coaching and I look after the fitness along with my friend John Toleman. The idea was that I would be an assistant coach, and I'll tell you what, I would have got the buggers fit." In 1971, <mask> became the first player to be named captain of the VFL representative team whilst not captain of his own club. When asked about this, state coach Tom Hafey replied bluntly: "We are not here to talk about Collingwood's mistakes." He stayed with the club for a further season before moving to  as captain-coach.He played four seasons for the Bombers before returning to Collingwood for his final two seasons. In 1978 he was the senior coach of South Melbourne for a season, replaced by Ian Stewart when he failed to take the club to the finals. He coached VFA second division club Werribee to the finals in 1988, but left after he and the club concluded a playing coach would be better suited to the club's needs. Life after football
<mask> ran a plastics

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texts:
 manufacturing business, which he sold in 1979. He later worked as a scrap-metal dealer. Tuddenham had four children. One of them, Paul, played 40 games for  from 1987 to 1991.Since retirement, <mask> has been in trouble with the law on several occasions. In December 1980, he was found guilty by a County Court jury of having received stolen tyres valued at $30,000 and was remanded in custody. In June 1989, he pleaded guilty to a charge of conspiring to defraud the Victorian Automobile Chamber of Commerce of $13,000. He told the magistrate that he was "guilty on the grounds I was helping out a friend in trouble". In July 2004, it was reported that he had received a two-month sentence suspended for two years for his third drink-driving offence. He was ordered to pay a A$500 fine and had his driving licence cancelled for 30 months. In December 2017, he pleaded guilty and was convicted of drink driving, having been found to have a blood alcohol level of 0.055 after drinking "three beers" at a football function.<mask> was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame in 2008. In 2009 The Australian nominated Tuddenham as one of the 25 greatest footballers never to win a Brownlow medal. References

External links

Profile at Australian Football
Collingwood's Team of the Century
Collingwood's Hall of Fame

1943 births
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Sydney Swans coaches
Essendon Football Club coaches
Essendon Football Club players
Collingwood Football Club players
Werribee Football Club coaches
Copeland Trophy winners
Australian Football Hall of Fame inductees
Living people
People educated at St Patrick's College,

masks: Tuddenham Tuddenham


texts:
<mask> III (December 16, 1951 – August 16, 1992) was an American record producer, folk rock singer, and songwriter originally from Macon, Georgia, United States. <mask> released 16 albums, and produced and performed with many other artists as well, such as Sam Phillips (a.k.a. Leslie Phillips), Pierce Pettis, Phil Keaggy, Vigilantes of Love, Peter Buck of R.E.M. (who co-produced VOL's album Killing Floor with <mask>), John Austin, The Choir, Randy Stonehill and Michael Been of The Call. <mask> produced part of Olivia Newton-John's The Rumor, which also included a cover of <mask>'s own "Big and Strong" (originally called "How to Grow Up Big and Strong"). History
After graduating from the University of Georgia in 1974 with an ABJ (bachelor of arts in journalism) degree in television, <mask> traveled to Switzerland to study at L'Abri under the influential evangelical Christian philosopher Francis Schaeffer. Singers Larry Norman and Randy Stonehill stumbled onto <mask> one day playing his guitar.Because Norman and Stonehill expressed interest, <mask> spent most of his spare time the next two months putting together a demo tape in a local studio with the help of the Pat Terry group (Pat Terry, Sonny Lallerstedt, and Randy Bugg). Norman was so impressed by <mask>'s abilities that he soon signed him to his record label, Solid Rock Records. <mask> and his wife Janet moved to Glendale, California in 1977 to begin work on his Appalachian Melody album for the label, but would also maintain a close relationship with the people at the L'Abri for years. <mask> would also record and release Fingerprint on a Swiss label in 1980. In 1981, <mask> began a recording contract with Chris Christian's Home Sweet Home Records. Although <mask>'s sales did not attract attention from the major Christian labels, Christian felt <mask>'s music was unique and fresh and deserved to be heard and funded his projects with no production oversight, which is what <mask> wanted. His signing to the label was a departure from the commercial artists that

masks:
John Mark Heard
Heard
Heard
Heard
Heard
Heard
Mark
Heard
Heard
Heard
Heard
Heard
Mark
Mark
Mark


texts: Chris traditionally signed and produced on the Home Sweet Home label.<mask> released five albums for the label; 1981's Stop the Dominoes, 1982's Victims of the Age; 1983's Eye of the Storm; 1984's Ashes and Light; and 1985's Mosaics. The overall experience was not one that <mask> enjoyed, partly due to his personal experiences with record company executives, and partly due to compromises he felt under pressure to make himself and his songs more marketable to Christian audiences. In 1984, <mask> began recording in his home studio, which he dubbed "Fingerprint Recorders", after the title of one of his earlier records. From that point on, his albums were largely made at home, with just a handful of friends and relatives lending a hand. In 1986, <mask> decided to try something a little different and recorded the experimental Pop/Rock album for What? Records entitled Tribal Opera, under the name iDEoLA. When asked about the unusual name, <mask> replied "It's not supposed to be mysterious or anything; I just put a band together and right now I happen to be the only one in it."<mask> also directed a music video for the single of that album, "Is It Any Wonder". With assistance from Dan Russell and Chuck Long, Fingerprint Records and studio were born. <mask> began to produce albums for a number of artists including two albums for Randy Stonehill, Jacob's Trouble, Pierce Pettis and 1992's Vigilantes of Love album, Killing Floor, which he co-produced with R.E.M. 's Peter Buck. Stonehill's Until We Have Wings includes a song co-written by <mask>, "Faithful", although the CD liner notes credit the song to <mask>'s pseudonym, Giovanni Audiori. In 1988 <mask> collaborated with Randy Stonehill and other well known artists on Phil Keaggy and Sunday's Child. In addition to writing and performing credits, he helped with the engineering.The early 1990s saw a return to recording albums of his own, with 1990's Dry Bones Dance. Fans and reviewers alike hailed the new release as one of the best of his career. <mask> followed Dry Bones

masks: Heard Heard Heard Heard Heard Heard Heard Heard Heard Heard Heard


texts:
 Dance with Second Hand in 1991, and, finally, Satellite Sky in 1992, which would turn out to be his final release. On July 4, 1992, <mask> had a heart attack on stage while performing with Pierce Pettis and Kate Miner, at the Cornerstone Festival in Bushnell, IL, near Peoria. <mask> finished his set and went to the hospital immediately afterwards. Two weeks after being released from the hospital, <mask> went into cardiac arrest and died on August 16, 1992. Before <mask>'s death, he had been included on the Legacy II sampler from Windham Hill's High Street label, and was nearly finalizing a mainstream contract with Bruce Cockburn's label, True North Records in Canada.There was also interest from Sony's Columbia Records label for distribution in the US. Tributes and influence
In 1993, Rich Mullins covered "How to Grow Up Big and Strong" on his A Liturgy, a Legacy, & a Ragamuffin Band. In 1994, many artists came together to record a tribute album called Strong Hand of Love. Artists lending their talents to the project included Phil Keaggy, Victoria Williams, Chagall Guevara, Buddy Miller, Julie Miller, Daniel Amos, The Choir, Bruce Cockburn, and the Vigilantes of Love. The project was later reissued as a two-CD set with additional tracks and retitled Orphans of God. Cockburn frequently calls <mask> his favorite songwriter and even wrote and recorded a song dedicated to <mask> for his Dart to the Heart album, "Closer to the Light." Daniel Amos dedicated their album MotorCycle to <mask> in 1993, and The Swirling Eddies dedicated Zoom Daddy to <mask> the same year.Julie Miller also wrote a song in tribute to <mask> called "All My Tears" which has also been recorded by Jars of Clay, Emmylou Harris (studio and live versions) and Selah with Kim Hill. In 2000, a group of fans gathered together to help Fingerprint Records release Mystery Mind, the first collection of previously unreleased material from the songwriter. There were plans to release a full length collection that same year, but those plans never came to fruition.

masks: Heard Heard Heard Heard Heard Heard Heard Heard Heard


texts:
 In 2002, the Cornerstone Music Festival held a songwriting contest in honor of <mask>. The following year, Paste Magazine released Hammers and Nails, a CD of previously unreleased recordings by <mask>. An authorized biography of the same name was also released by Cornerstone Press, written by Matthew T. Dickerson. The Americana Music Association held its annual Americana Music Honors & Awards at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville, Tennessee, September 2005.The Song of the Year Award was presented to <mask> for "Worry Too Much" (originally featured on Second Hand). Buddy Miller, who performed the track on Universal United House of Prayer, accepted the award on behalf of <mask>. Miller also received the award for Album of the Year for Universal United House of Prayer. In Paste Magazine No. June 22/July 2006 – a Special Collector's Issue featuring the 100 Best Living Songwriters – <mask> was remembered as well under the heading Wish You Were Here: "<mask>'s lyrics are weighted with such a wry longing that they'll forever reflect a fresh turbulence." Pierce Pettis and Ralston Bowles have covered a song by <mask> on each of their albums released since <mask>'s death. In 2017, an 18-song retrospective, <mask>: Treasure of the Broken Land, was released.It focuses on <mask>'s last three albums and features Rodney Crowell, Buddy Miller, Over the Rhine and others. Produced by Phil Madeira, a member of Emmylou Harris' backing band Red Dirt Boys, the album received notable attention from Rolling Stone Magazine and other mainstream magazines like premier Americana music magazine No Depression. Discography

Studio albums

Spirit Records
 Setting Yesterday Free – Infinity+3 (1970)

Airborn Records
 <mask> (1975) – reissued as On Turning To Dust (1978)

AB Records
 On Turning To Dust (1978)

Solid Rock
 Appalachian Melody (1979) – reissued 2009

King's/Palmfrond Records
 Fingerprint (1980)

Home Sweet Home Records
 Stop the Dominoes (1981)
 Victims of the Age (1982)
 Eye of the Storm (1983)
 Ashes and Light (1984)
 Mosaics

masks:
Heard
Heard
Mark Heard
Heard
Mark Heard
Mark Heard
Mark Heard
Heard
Mark Heard
Heard
Mark Heard


texts:
<mask> (born 1 November 1988) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Scottish Premiership club Rangers. He began his career at Falkirk before moving to the English leagues for eight years with Huddersfield Town and Burnley. Born and raised in Scotland, <mask> represented his nation of birth at international youth levels before switching to Canada in 2016. Club career

Falkirk
Arfield came up through the Falkirk Youth Academy and earned promotion to the first team squad. He made his Falkirk debut on 4 August 2007, in their 4–0 win away at Gretna on the opening day of the 2007–08 season. His first goal came in Falkirk's 4–2 defeat at Inverness Caledonian Thistle. He then scored twice in a 4–0 win over St Mirren.He won the Scottish Premier League Young Player of the Month award for December 2007. <mask> signed a new five-year contract with Falkirk in February 2008. He finished the season with three goals in 35 SPL appearances. During the 2008–09 season <mask> won his second Young Player of the Month award, this time winning for September 2008. He was in the Falkirk side that were Scottish Cup runners-up, losing 1–0 to Rangers in the Final at Hampden Park. <mask> scored 10 goals in the 2008–09 season, seven of them coming in the league. He was given the number 10 jersey, previously worn by Steven Pressley, for the 2009–10 season.Hamilton Academical offered £100,000 for <mask> in August 2009, but this was rejected by Falkirk, who commented that they "thought they had missed out a zero in the figure they offered". Arfield's first appearance of the 2009–10 season came in a 1–0 home win over FC Vaduz in the UEFA Europa League, the club's first ever match in European

masks:
Scott Harry Nathaniel Arfield
Arfield
Arfield
Arfield
Arfield
Arfield


texts:
 competition. He finished the season with three goals from 36 appearances as the club were relegated from the SPL. Speculation began to grow that <mask> was to leave Falkirk following their relegation from the SPL. On 17 May 2010, it was confirmed that Arfield was having talks with Huddersfield Town and was to have a medical at the club. Falkirk had already turned down offers from Hamilton Academical, Hibernian, Hearts and Southampton. <mask> left Falkirk after playing 108 games, scoring 13 times between 2007 and 2010.He made his last appearance for Falkirk in the 0–0 draw with Kilmarnock that confirmed relegation on the last day of the season. Huddersfield Town
On 21 May 2010, it was reported that <mask> had signed for Huddersfield Town for a reported fee initially in the region of £400,000 but potentially rising to over £600,000 after a certain number of appearances. The move was confirmed three days later, after the club and the player had agreed personal terms. He made his Huddersfield debut in the 3–0 win over Notts County at Meadow Lane on 7 August 2010. On 11 September 2010, he scored his first goal for the Terriers at Brisbane Road against Leyton Orient, where Town won 2–1. A week later, he scored his first goal at the Galpharm Stadium against Yeovil Town, in a 4–2 win for the home side. <mask> was a regular in the Huddersfield side, making 38 appearances and scoring twice in all competitions as they finished the season as Play-off champions and gained promotion to the Championship after beating Sheffield United on penalties in the Wembley final, Arfield scoring his penalty to make it 2–1 as Huddersfield won by 8–7.Arfield made fewer appearances in Town's first season in

masks: Arfield Arfield Arfield Arfield


texts:
 the Championship, and at the end of the season was released along with Tom Clarke and Alan Lee. Burnley
After leaving Huddersfield, <mask> went on trial with Burnley and scored in the 3–0 win over Cork City on 15 July 2013, before signing a two-year deal 4 days later with the Clarets. Arfield selected the number 37 shirt in memory of fellow Falkirk youth player Craig Gowans, who wore the same squad number when he was tragically killed in a training ground accident in 2005. He scored his first professional goal for Burnley on 6 August 2013, in a 4–0 win against York City in the League Cup. Arfield scored 9 goals in 49 competitive appearances for Burnley during the 2013–14 season. Burnley won promotion to the Premier League and Arfield signed a three-year contract with the club in July 2014. Arfield scored on his Premier League debut for Burnley against Chelsea in the 14th minute of their opening game of the season.Rangers
Arfield returned to Scotland and signed a four-year deal with  Rangers on 14 May 2018. He made his debut for the club on 12 July 2018 in a Europa League qualification tie against FK Shkupi of Macedonia, and made his Scottish Premiership debut a few weeks later on 5 August, against Aberdeen. On 7 April 2019, <mask> scored his first professional hat-trick in a 3–0 victory against Motherwell. International career

Scotland
Arfield represented Scotland at under-19, under-21 and B international levels. He made his debut for Scotland under-19 in a 3–1 away friendly victory over Austria. His second and last outing for the under-19s came four days later in the 2–1 home win over Norway, coming on as a substitute for Alex Pearce in the 65th minute of the game. Arfield was

masks: Arfield Arfield


texts:
 then a member of the Scotland under-21 squad, being called up for the first time in October 2007.His debut came in a 4–0 defeat against Netherlands on 16 October 2007. He was a regular in Billy Stark's squad throughout the 2009 and 2011 European qualifying campaigns. <mask>'s first goal for the under-21s came in a 2–2 draw with Ukraine on 6 February 2008. <mask> received his first cap for Scotland B against Northern Ireland at the Excelsior Stadium in Airdrie on 6 May 2009. Scotland won the game 3–0. Canada

<mask> also qualified to play for Canada, because his father was born in Toronto. In February 2016, it was widely reported that <mask> was prepared to file his one-time switch paperwork with FIFA, which was needed for him to join the Canada squad.In March 2016, <mask> was included in Canada's 23-man squad for their World Cup Qualification match against Mexico. He made his debut on 25 March as a second half substitute for Tosaint Ricketts in a 3–0 home defeat to Mexico at BC Place. <mask> was named to Canada's squad for the 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup on 27 June 2017. His first goal for Canada came in the tournament opener against French Guiana on 7 July. In 2018, at the opening of Canada's Nations League campaign, <mask> was named captain of the squad in their match against U.S. Virgin Islands. In May 2019, <mask> was named to the squad for the 2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup. During an unofficial training match prior to the 2019 Gold Cup on June 10, he scored both goals in a 2–0 win against Trinidad and Tobago.In October 2020 Rangers coach Steven Gerrard suggested that <mask> had retired from international duty. <mask> later refuted the claim in an interview with Rangers TV, stating that

masks: Arfield Arfield Arfield Arfield Arfield Arfield Arfield Arfield Arfield Arfield


texts:
 his continued involvement with Canada would be up to coach John Herdman. After missing Canada's 2022 World Cup qualifiers in March and June of 2021, <mask> was named to the to the provisional 60-man squad for the 2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup, but did not make the final 23-man team. In January 2022 <mask> announced his international retirement. Career statistics

Club

International

Canada score listed first, score column indicates score after each Arfield goal. Goals scored in unofficial friendlies and exhibition matches not counted. Honours

Club
Huddersfield Town
Football League One play-offs: 2012

Burnley
Football League Championship: 2015–16; runners-up: 2013–14

Rangers
Scottish Premiership: 2020–21

See also
List of sportspeople who competed for more than one nation

References

External links

1988 births
Living people
People from Livingston, West Lothian
Sportspeople from West Lothian
Scottish people of Canadian descent
People educated at St Margaret's Academy
Scottish footballers
Canadian soccer players
Association football midfielders
Falkirk F.C.players
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. players
Burnley F.C. players
Rangers F.C. players
Scottish Premier League players
Scottish Professional Football League players
English Football League players
Premier League players
Scotland youth international footballers
Scotland under-21 international footballers
Scotland B international footballers
Canada men's international soccer players
2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
Canadian expatriate soccer players
Canadian expatriate sportspeople in Scotland
Canadian expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate footballers in Scotland
Expatriate footballers in


texts:
<mask> (23 April 1955 – 12 November 2001) was an English chess player and the first Englishman to earn the Grandmaster title. Early and personal life
<mask> was an only child, born 23 April 1955 in Edgbaston, a suburb of Birmingham, and attended King Edward's School, Birmingham. He was married and divorced twice, and had no children. <mask>'s first wife was Jana Hartston, who had previously been married to William Hartston. Early chess career
He learned the game of chess early in life and made good progress nationally, taking the titles of British under-14 Champion and under-21 Champion in 1968 and 1971, respectively. In 1973, <mask> won the silver medal at the World Junior Chess Championship at Teesside, his first important event against international competition. Both he and compatriot Michael Stean defeated the tournament winner Alexander Beliavsky, but were unable to match the Soviet player's ruthlessness in dispatching lesser opponents.<mask> went on to win this prestigious title the following year in Manila, while a mathematics undergraduate of the University of Sheffield. Taking the decision to pursue the game professionally, <mask> did not complete his studies, but, in 1975, was awarded an MA by the university in respect of his chess achievements. Later career

In 1976, <mask> became the first UK-born,  chess grandmaster, narrowly beating Raymond Keene to the accolade. The naturalised, German-born Jacques Mieses was awarded the GM title in 1950, while Keith Richardson had been awarded the GM title for correspondence chess earlier in the 1970s. For his achievement, <mask> won a £5,000 prize, put up by wealthy businessman and chess backer Jim Slater. <mask> had a string of good results in the late 1970s and 1980s. He matured into a world class player and won games against high calibre opponents, such as former World Chess Champions Vasily Smyslov, Mikhail Tal and Boris Spassky.In

masks:
Anthony John Miles
Miles
Miles
Miles
Miles
Miles
Miles
Miles
Miles


texts: 1980 at the European Team Championship in Skara, he beat reigning World Champion Anatoly Karpov with Black, using the extremely unorthodox opening 1. e4 a6! ?, the St. George Defence. It is often said that <mask> learned the line from offbeat openings enthusiast Michael Basman, but in his book Play the St. George, Basman asserts there is no truth to this. <mask> beat Karpov again three years later in Bath in a game that was part of the BBC's Master Game series, but it was shown only by the (co-producing) German television network, due to a BBC technicians' strike at the time of broadcast. <mask> won the British Championship just once, in 1982 when the event was held in Torquay. His prime time as a chess player was the mid-1980s. On 20 May 1984 in Roetgen (Germany), <mask> set a European record in blind simultaneous chess with 22 games (+10−2=10); this record was not broken until 2009.On the January 1984 Elo rating list, he ranked No. 18 in the world with a rating of 2599. One of his best results occurred at the Tilburg tournament in 1984, where, from a strong field, he emerged sole winner by a clear margin of one and one-half points. The following year, he tied for first at the same event with Robert Hübner and Viktor Korchnoi, playing several of his games while lying face down on a table, having injured his back. The result was controversial, as many of <mask>'s opponents felt they were distracted by the unusual circumstances. A string of good performances culminated in a good showing on the January 1986 Elo rating list, where he climbed to a best-ever position of World No. 9 with a rating of 2610.During this period, there was considerable rivalry with John Nunn over who was the United Kingdom's best player, the two protagonists regularly leapfrogging each other in the world rankings. Nigel Short and Speelman soon added to the competition, as the English national squad entered its

masks: Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles


texts: strongest period. Never able to qualify out of the Interzonal stages into the Candidates' series, <mask> eventually lost the race to become the first British Candidate when Short did so in 1985. However, he retained top board for England at the Thessaloniki and Dubai Olympiads of 1984 and 1986, helping the team to silver medals at each. Against Garry Kasparov, <mask> had little success, not winning a game against him, and losing a 1986 match in Basel by the score of 5½–½. Following this encounter, <mask> commented "I thought I was playing the world champion, not a monster with a thousand eyes who sees everything" (some sources alternatively quote <mask> as having the opinion that Kasparov had 22 or 27 eyes). After he was hospitalised because of a mental breakdown in late 1987, <mask> moved to the United States.He finished last in the 1988 U.S. Championship, but continued to play there and had some good results. In 1991, he played in the Championship of Australia, but eventually moved back to England and began to represent his native country again. He was equal first at the very strong Cappelle-la-Grande Open in 1994, 1995, and 1997, and caused a shock at the PCA Intel Rapid Chess Grand Prix in London in 1995, when he knocked out Vladimir Kramnik in the first round and Loek van Wely in the second. His bid to win the event was finally halted in the semifinal by English teammate Michael Adams. There were four notable victories at the Capablanca Memorial in Cuba (1994, 1995, 1996, and 1999). <mask> also tied for first in the 1999 Continental Open in Los Angeles with Alexander Beliavsky, Ľubomír Ftáčnik and Suat Atalık. His last tournament victory was the 2001 Canadian Open Chess Championship in Sackville, New Brunswick.<mask> entered and played at the 2001 British Championship in Scarborough, but withdrew before the final round, apparently because of ill health. His final two games before

masks: Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles Miles


texts:
 his death were short draws in the Four Nations Chess League. <mask> played in an extraordinary number of chess events during his career, including many arduous weekend tournaments. The Miles Variation (1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 b6 4.Bf4) in the Queen's Indian Defence is named after him. Death
<mask> died from heart failure on 12 November 2001. His body was found at his home in Harborne, Birmingham, after a friend called on him to take him to a bridge club. He had suffered from diabetes and a post mortem found that this contributed to his death.He was cremated at Lodge Hill Crematorium in Selly Oak on 23 November. There was a moment of silence before the seventh round of the European Team Championships in León, Spain, in his memory. Personality
<mask> was often seen as a controversial figure. Once, in the last round of a tournament (Luton, UK, 1975), with <mask> needing a draw for first place, and his opponent, Stewart Reuben, wanting a draw for a high placing, he agreed a draw without playing any moves. The arbiter decided to give both players no points for this non-game; the players claimed this "game" had been played often, when players prearranged a draw – this was the only time it had been scored 0–0, rather than playing out some meaningless moves. This sparked lengthy correspondence in British chess journals. <mask> also clashed with chess authorities and with his fellow English players, particularly Keene and Short.<mask> made accusations regarding payments that Keene had received from the British Chess Federation for acting as his assistant in the 1985 Interzonal tournament in Tunis. <mask> became obsessed with the affair, eventually suffering a mental breakdown over it. He was arrested in September 1987 in Downing Street, apparently under the belief that he had to speak to then-Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher about the matter; he was subsequently hospitalised for two months.


texts:
 Writing in The Daily Telegraph in November 2003, Short said that "<mask> was insanely jealous of my success, and his inability to accept that he was no longer the UK's number one was an indication of, if not a trigger for, his descent into madness." <mask> was also noted for his acerbic wit. He often attacked chess personalities in published articles. He attacked former World Champion Anatoly Karpov in an article entitled "Has Karpov Lost his Marbles?".Other victims of his published attacks were Woman Grandmaster Martha Fierro, and Indian chess organizer Umar Koya. His review of Eric Schiller's book Unorthodox Chess Openings (Cardoza Publishing, 1998) which appeared in Kingpin consisted of just two words: "Utter crap." Notable games
Karpov vs. <mask>, Skara 1980. St. George Defence: 0–1. The game between Karpov and <mask> with the opening line 1.e4 a6. <mask> vs. Spassky, 1982.Queen's Indian Opening: 1–0. A crushing sacrificial attack against Spassky, then still one of the world's strongest players. Karpov vs. <mask>, Bath 1983, Caro–Kann: 0–1. Another win against Karpovthen world championand again with black. <mask> chooses a less popular system in the Caro–Kann and succeeds in creating an unbalanced game where both sides can play for the win. References

Further reading
Geoff Lawton (compiler), <mask>: "It's Only Me" (an anagram of <mask>'s name) (Batsford, 2003) – mainly articles by <mask> and games annotated by him, with a small number of tributes from other writers

External links

Obituary at the British Chess Federation site

1955 births
2001 deaths
Chess grandmasters
Chess theoreticians
Chess Olympiad competitors
English chess players
People from Birmingham, West Midlands
British chess players
British chess writers
People educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham
Alumni of the University of Sheffield
World Junior Chess Champions
People from Edgbaston
20th-century chess

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<mask> (born 20 November 2000) is an English singer. In 2007, she was the runner-up of the first series of Britain's Got Talent. She then signed with Rainbow Recording Company and released her debut album Over the Rainbow on 26 November 2007, which has sold over 250,000 copies worldwide and reached number one in three countries. <mask>'s second album, <mask>'s Christmas Album, was released on 24 November 2008, her third, Holiday Magic, was released on 20 October 2009 and her fourth, Beautiful World, was released on 26 November 2012. In 2019, she competed on Britain's Got Talent: The Champions and in 2020 competed on America's Got Talent: The Champions. History

Britain's Got Talent and Sony BMG
<mask> initially auditioned for the first series of television reality show Britain's Got Talent for fun, but her confidence increased when Simon Cowell, whom she is said to have idolised, described her as "pure magic" and said that he would make her earn "£1 million-plus this year". The judges had expected a "joke" performance as she had never taken singing lessons, but <mask>'s initial performance received international press coverage.She reached the final round after winning her semi-final with a live performance of "Ben" by Michael Jackson. On the night of the final, she sang The Wizard of Oz's "Over the Rainbow", but lost to Paul Potts as a result of the call-in vote. <mask> and Potts had been joint favourites to win the series. According to journalist and Britain's Got Talent judge Piers Morgan, <mask>'s performances resulted in many children, including Faryl Smith, auditioning for the second series of the show. After his victory, series 2 winner George Sampson spoke of his participation in

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 the first series, where he was knocked out before the live shows, saying "I don't think I had any shot of winning last year ... When you look at the standard of Paul Potts and <mask>. Paul Potts is out of this league, and <mask> is out of this league – I wasn't good enough."<mask> voted for Sampson, saying "I liked his dancing – he was good on the lamppost". Cowell had preliminarily agreed to sign <mask> with his own record label, Sony BMG. After recording two songs in London with <mask> ("Over the Rainbow" and "Smile"), the label pulled out of the deal. <mask>'s mother, Sharon, said she was told that her daughter "...was too young to be their sort of artist", adding "We have been told to look for a company which looks after children." In a statement, the label said "there was some deliberation over the possibility of recording with <mask> ... However, the decision not to proceed was made with the best intentions for <mask>, taking into consideration her age and that it would not be right to do so at this time." Cowell himself said that "when the time is right, [he would] be delighted to see if [they could] make it work".Over the Rainbow

In October 2007, <mask> signed with the Rainbow Recording Company for a six-figure deal. Rainbow Recording Company, an offshoot of record label Rhythm Riders made specifically for <mask>, was due to release <mask>'s first album on 26 November 2007. It was later reported that the album was named Over the Rainbow, and the first single, "Over the Rainbow"/"White Christmas", would be released on 3 December 2007. Experts predicted that she had a good chance of getting the Christmas number one, but the single was cancelled in favour of an album-first

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texts: release. Before the album was released, there was much speculation about <mask> and the album, with music experts describing her as potentially being "the next Charlotte Church". The team behind the album consisted of John Arnison, who also managed Gabrielle and Billy Ocean, and Marc Marot, former managing director of Island Records. It was produced and mixed by Simon Hill and Rob May.The album was released on 26 November 2007 and was certified gold in early December, with <mask> being presented a gold disc by Phillip Schofield on This Morning. Initially, 50,000 copies of the album were pressed, but an additional 120,000 had to be made after the album sold out in days. In late 2007, public appearances by <mask> included headlining the Great Bridge Christmas and Winter Festival, which local police threatened to cancel unless crowds clamouring to reach the tent in which <mask> was performing could be brought under control. At the event, on 7 December 2007, <mask> said "I love it here, it's brilliant, really fun", but had to be ushered off-stage by the police. <mask> performed publicly in Walsall's HMV store, and in Birmingham's Centenary Square. TV appearances included GMTV and Channel 5 news, both on 26 November 2007. According to her mother, <mask> has received offers for film roles.Sharon said "[<mask>]'s been sent a script, I haven't had a good look at it yet but it's really exciting ... <mask>'s a singer, not an actress, so we'll see what happens. It's completely up to her whether or not she wants to do it. I can't believe it, though." Sharon Mawer of Allmusic praised Over the Rainbow by saying "She can sing, for a seven-year old, and most of the notes (if not all of them) are in

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texts: the right order and sung to the right pitch; the timing is fine too". However, she criticised the album, saying "there's no feeling, no emotion, no realisation of what each song is about; they're just pretty little songs", giving the album 2/5. Nick Levine, of Digital Spy, said in a review of the album that <mask> had a "sweet, pure voice", but that there is "no nuance or depth to her performance". However, he said that "There's something inherently wrong about awarding a star rating to a seven-year-old", and that "the decidedly adult concept of musical merit should have nothing to do with [her music]", awarding the album 2/5.The album was re-released on 16 June 2008, but was available for pre-order in May, with three new tracks to replace its Christmas-themed songs. The first single from the album, "Three Little Birds", was released in June 2008. In April and May 2008, <mask> toured Asia to promote Over the Rainbow. Asian press attributed her success to her videos on YouTube, with the Sun.Star mentioning that her most viewed video had been watched over 14 million times, and The Straits Times saying that videos of <mask>'s performances have been watched over 30 million times. The tour made stops in South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore, and <mask> and her family returned to England in late May. Following the tour, it was reported that the album had reached number one on the charts in Taiwan, South Korea and Hong Kong, as well as reaching number three in Singapore. After the tour, <mask> travelled to Poland, where she performed on television.Over the Rainbow'''s release in the United States in September, resulted in attention from American press sources including Fox Business

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 Network and MarketWatch. The US version was eventually released on 14 October, with <mask> appearing on American television shows including The Ellen DeGeneres Show to publicise the release. In August 2008, it was announced that <mask> had signed a contract with Data Design Interactive for production of a video game on the Wii console. The game was to feature 15 songs from Over the Rainbow, allowing players to sing along with a computer-generated image of <mask> or against other players in a karaoke mode. <mask> re-recorded the album for the game. The game was scheduled for release in the first quarter of 2009, and was to be called Connie Talbot: Over the Rainbow, but was quietly cancelled due to licensing reasons over the songs to be used. A prototype build of the game surfaced in 2020 and was purchased by video game preservationist Forest of Illusion, who later uploaded a disk image of the game on the Internet Archive.Christmas Album and Holiday Magic
In November 2008, it was announced that <mask> had produced a series of new songs for an album. Recorded in her bedroom studio, <mask>'s Christmas Album was released on 24 November. It is a Christmas themed album, featuring, according to <mask>'s official website, "a mix of classics and modern Christmas tunes". News was also released of a one-off Christmas special to be shown on ITV1 in the days leading up to Christmas, featuring footage of <mask>'s journey to America and a "secret concert" at her primary school. The documentary, Christmas with <mask>, was shown on ITV Central on 18 December. <mask> appeared at Walsall's HMV branch shortly after the release of her Christmas Album to sign copies and meet fans. She then embarked on a

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 promotional tour making stops around the world, which included a performance at Ewha Womans University in Korea, and a performance on the "A Heart for Children" television charity gala in Berlin, Germany.She returned home in mid December, to have "a quiet family Christmas".<mask>'s Christmas Album was difficult to obtain in Britain after the distributor, Pinnacle Entertainment, went into administration. <mask>'s mother, Sharon, was quoted as saying "We don't really know what's going to happen at the moment ... We think they'll probably wait and promote the album later this year. It's a shame, but they can still get the album in Asia and the US." Reviewing the album for FemaleFirst magazine, Ruth Harrison gave it 4/5, saying that <mask> has "a great voice when it comes to swing, but lets us down in parts". In April 2009, <mask> again travelled to the US to publicise her new single, a cover of "I Will Always Love You". The single was released in the US on 7 April, along with a newly recorded "You Raise Me Up". <mask> then traveled to the US on 30 April, and returned on 2 May.Appearances included a performance on Good Day New York on Fox Broadcasting Company's WNYW. <mask>'s third album, <mask>'s Holiday Magic, was released on 20 October 2009 in the United States and on 30 November 2009 in the United Kingdom. The United States album is dedicated to the Toys for Tots campaign, of which <mask> has been named the child ambassador. In a statement, Bill Grein, Vice-President of the Marine Toys for Tots Foundation, said:

Along with <mask>'s third album, a television special, entitled Holiday Magic, was produced by WVIA. Holiday Magic featured performances of all of the songs from <mask>'s

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 Holiday Magic, and was available to all PBS stations shown in November and December 2009. A 17-track DVD of the special, including two additional songs, "What a Wonderful World" and "Over the Rainbow", was released for sale. 2010–2015
<mask> opened a special concert celebrating South Korea's hosting of the G20 summit of world leaders in 2010.She performed for her largest ever audience when she performed on Chinese state television for the Chinese new-year in 2011. Viewing figures for the event were estimated to be around 400 million. During this time, <mask> continued to upload videos of her performances onto YouTube. Maggie Coughlan praised her covers of Katy Perry's "Firework" and Bruno Mars's "Grenade", but was most impressed by her cover of Adele's "Someone Like You", which she said was performed "with such grace that she makes the entire performance look effortless". The video was also picked up by PerezHilton.com. After the death of Whitney Houston, <mask> posted a cover version of "Run to You" as a tribute. The video received attention from around the world.In November 2011, she released "Beautiful World" as a single on iTunes. The song was written by <mask> when she was seven. A demo of the track was placed on YouTube, and became the 39th most watched video in the world on the day it was uploaded. She was the youngest artist to make the UK album charts, and the youngest to release a gold-selling record. Others involved in the event included Randolph Matthews and The High Kings. Performances took place elsewhere in the United Kingdom, including Manchester and Birmingham. <mask> toured with the Young Voices choir for a second year in early 2013, performing at venues across the


texts:
 UK.The African Children's Choir also took part in these events. Her song "Let's Get Along", written by Kipper, was featured on ONE Campaign's agit8 Spotify album that July. <mask> also featured in the song "Building Bridges", which also made the agit8 album, together with Jordan Jansen. In October 2013, <mask>'s vocals featured in the theme song of the newly-released video game Rain, and she appeared as a special guest at the African Children's Choir concert in Walsall, UK. It was announced that <mask> would be an ambassador for the African Children's Choir and have a school named after her. In 2014, she performed two concerts in South Korea (Osan and Seoul) in late April, shortly after the Sewol ferry tragedy. She performed with yellow ribbons to show her respect for the families of the victims.The proceeds from at least one of the concerts were donated to the fundraising efforts in support of the families of the victims. In July, a DVD and Blu-ray was released of her concerts in Hong Kong and Taiwan during her Beautiful World tour in 2012. It features live performances of the songs from Beautiful World, and two additional songs, "I Will Always Love You" and "Over the Rainbow". On 17 November 2014, <mask> released the five-song EP Gravity, containing the original songs "Gravity" and "Inner Beauty", with the latter also appearing as an instrumental acoustic version. Matters to Me (2016–present)
On 19 February 2016, the release of digital single "Shut Up (Move On)" was announced. The single is taken from <mask>'s studio album Matters to Me, a 13-track album with a bonus track available only on iTunes. The album was released on 25 March 2016.On 11 May 2017, <mask> released a song called

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 "Good to Me", which she stated is "about a person who I admired, respected and who taught me so much. That person sadly passed away and I wrote this song from my heart." On 13 October 2017, <mask> released a video for the song "Rumours". In April 2019 she collaborated with Boyce Avenue covering the Jonas Brothers song "Sucker". On 31 August 2019 <mask> took part in Britain's Got Talent: The Champions with an original composition, "Never Give Up on Us". The song was released the same day. By the following day, the song had reached number eight on the U.K. iTunes chart.On 27 January 2020 she competed on America's Got Talent: The Champions'', where she performed her romantic original song "I Would" on the piano. Personal life
<mask> lives in Sutton Coldfield,Birmingham with her mother, Sharon, her father Gavin, her older brother Josh, and her older sister Mollie. In 2006, she sang at her late grandmother's funeral. Her father and her brother both support Wolverhampton Wanderers. Discography

Albums

Video albums

Extended plays

Singles

Other appearances

Music videos

References

External links

2000 births
Living people
Britain's Got Talent contestants
English women pop singers
English child singers
21st-century English women singers
21st-century English singers
Child pop

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<mask> (29 May 1905 – 23 December 1994) was an English actor, director, novelist, playwright and poet. During his 65-year career, he appeared in dozens of stage performances and more than 40 film and television productions. <mask> was born and brought up in Holt, Norfolk, and made his acting debut at age eight at a London theatre. He studied acting at Gresham's School and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. Although he worked primarily on the London stage, he made his Broadway debut in 1929, when he played one of the two murderers in Rope's End. He appeared in his first film, Caste, in 1930 and quickly began to create a name for himself in films. He described himself as a "rotten actor" as a youth and said his success was primarily due to his good looks.He claimed to mature as a performer only after returning from service in the Royal Air Force during World War II. <mask> was particularly known for his performances in productions of Shakespeare plays which were considered daring and ahead of their time. In 1966, he joined the Royal Shakespeare Company, where he remained for a decade and delivered some of his most acclaimed performances. He also wrote several poems and a novel, The Christening, in 1975. In 1983, he appeared in the third installment of the original Star Wars Trilogy, Return of the Jedi, in a brief but significant role as the redeemed Anakin Skywalker, as well as Skywalker's ghost in the original 1983 theatrical release of the film. Early life
<mask> was one of three children born to Dr. <mask>, the music master at Gresham's School, a Norfolk independent boarding school, where <mask> began his education. His uncle, <mask>, was a composer of church music, and his

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 family's love of music heavily influenced <mask>'s career path.Career

Early career
<mask> made his acting debut at age eight on the London stage as one of the juvenile band in The Cockyolly Bird at the Royal Court Theatre in Chelsea on New Year's Day of 1914. During his time at Gresham's, he also played Petruchio in The Taming of the Shrew, his first of many performances from the works of William Shakespeare; schoolmate W. H. Auden, who would go on to become a highly regarded poet, portrayed Katherina in the play opposite him. After Gresham's, <mask> planned to become a painter and spent two years at the Slade School of Fine Art before switching his interests to acting; regarding the change, his father informed him, "I wondered when you would come to your senses." He earned a scholarship to the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in Bloomsbury, London. Actor Charles Laughton enrolled in the academy at the same time as <mask>, who later said his first impression of Laughton was "a poor fat boy". Although <mask> and his fellow students initially felt pity for Laughton, they were quickly impressed with his talent. <mask> appeared in regional theatres in Bristol, Liverpool and Hull.In 1925, he performed in London as the Archangel in The Sign of the Sun, and played first Lewis Dodd and then the Major in separate productions of The Constant Nymph. He received instruction in verse speaking under famed theatre director William Bridges-Adams in the Stratford Festival Company at Stratford-upon-Avon, where he played some of his early Shakespeare roles, including Romeo in Romeo and Juliet, Ferdinand in The Tempest and Prince Hal in Henry IV in 1926. He was criticised for the audacity he

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texts: displayed in the latter role. When Prince Hal takes on his kingship and rejects the self-indulgent character Falstaff, convention of the day called for Prince Hal to change from a jovial drinking partner to an arrogant snob, but <mask> saw the view as simple-minded and contradictory toward Shakespeare's script. Instead, he displayed inward regrets about leaving Falstaff and accepting the new responsibilities. The interpretation was criticised at the time but, years later, became the standard approach to the character. <mask> made his Broadway debut in 1929, when he played the murderer Wyndham Brandon in Patrick Hamilton's stage thriller, Rope's End.In 1929, he married Margaret Delamere and lived with her in the Albany, an apartment complex off of Piccadilly in London. The two would eventually have a daughter together named Drusilla (born 1932). He returned to the works of William Shakespeare in 1931, playing Claudio in Measure for Measure at London's Fortune Playhouse. In 1932 he once again played Romeo at the Embassy Theatre. Other works around this period included productions of Ivor Novello's Sunshine Sisters in 1933, Double Door alongside actress Sybil Thorndike in 1934, J.M. Barrie's A Kiss for Cinderella in 1937, and Robert Morley's Goodness, How Sad in 1938. The first film <mask> appeared in was Caste in 1930.He soon began to make a name for himself in films such as Brewster's Millions in 1935, Men Are Not Gods in 1936 and Farewell Again in 1937. He was making about £300 a week during this stage of his career, a significant sum higher than the salary of the British Prime Minister of the time. He brought what the Daily Telegraph described as a "smooth villainy" to the role

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 of Frank Sutton in The Squeaker in 1937, while in 1939 he played the hero Cdr. David Blacklock alongside Conrad Veidt and Valerie Hobson in The Spy in Black, Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger's first collaboration. <mask> described himself as a film buff and called Academy Award-winning actor Spencer Tracy his "great god of all screen actors"; he was so impressed by Tracy's technique that he claimed to become depressed while watching his films because Tracy made acting look simple, while <mask> claimed to find it so difficult to master himself. World War II and post-war career

When World War II broke out, <mask> took a break from acting and joined the Royal Air Force. He was commissioned as an Acting-Pilot Officer on probation in the Administrative and Special Duties Branch on 25 April 1941 and over the next three months was promoted to Pilot Officer on probation, then Flying Officer and then Flight Lieutenant.According to his obituary in the Guardian, he saw little action in the service and was told the only chance he would have to fly would be as a rear gunner. Some of his fellow airmen hounded <mask> for autographs while others mocked his posh accent, to which he retaliated with an excellent and unflattering imitation of their less refined speech. He continued to hold a Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve commission after the war until he resigned the commission on 10 February 1954; he was permitted to retain his rank. Immediately upon returning to London after the war, <mask> lost his Albany flat and his acting contract, and essentially had to restart his acting career. Although he made 20 films before the war and had already begun to develop a reputation as a strong

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texts: leading man, in later years he would describe himself as "a rotten actor" in the 1930s who landed roles based mainly on his good looks. He used the phrase "a piece of cinema beefcake" to describe himself as an actor during that period. He felt that after his return home from military service, he learned to act properly and began to mature as a performer.<mask>'s Royal Air Force experience was put to good use when he played a pilot in Journey Together, the 1946 RAF training film in which actor Edward G. Robinson coached actor Richard Attenborough in the rudiments of flying. In 1945, <mask> returned to the Embassy Theatre to direct Fyodor Dostoevsky's The Gambler. Significant theatre roles that decade included Hercules in The Thracian Horses at the Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith in 1946, Mr. Hern-Lawrence in Florida Scott-Maxwell's experimental I Said to Myself at the Mercury Theatre, Notting Hill Gate in 1947, Sir James Kirkham in His Excellency at Prince's Theatre in 1950, and Filmer Jesson, MP, in Arthur Wing Pinero's His House in Order at New Theatre in 1951. In 1956, he played the title role in the first British production of Hugo von Hofmannsthal's Everyman. That same year, he wrote the lyrics to his father's ballad-opera, All at Sea, which played at the Royal College of Music. In 1957, he played Lucifer in Brother Lucifer in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, and a sinister Venetian agent in Jonathan Griffin's The Hidden King in Edinburgh. As <mask> grew older, his reputation as a dramatic actor grew stronger, and he became known for a sharp intelligence and dignified style.Although his good looks diminished, reviewers felt that he used his florid and weatherbeaten face well in evoking


texts:
 grandeur and self-assuredness in such roles as generals, priests and his familiar Shakespearean parts. In 1956, his wife Margaret Delamere died; she was survived by their daughter Drusilla. <mask> began a romantic relationship in the mid-1950s with Joan Ingpen, the well-known classical music and opera talent agent who had previously represented him. The two were romantically involved, to the point that she took his surname, until <mask>'s death. During the 1980s, however, <mask> also had a brief relationship with Harriet Ravenscroft, the mother of the disc jockey John Peel, whom he met while performing at Ludlow Castle at Ludlow. He split his time between Ingpen and Ravenscroft on a four-day rotating basis to which both women consented. Although Peel got along with <mask> and said he made his mother happy, he said he did not feel comfortable with the arrangement.He felt it disrupted his mother's friendships and prospects for a more stable relationship. In 1965, British theatre director William Gaskill was named artistic director of the Royal Court Theatre, where he hoped to re-establish a repertoire. He approached <mask>, who had made his acting début at the Royal Court Theatre as a youth, and <mask> agreed to return. There he delivered several performances over the next year, including General Conrad von Hotzendorf in John Osborne's A Patriot for Me; various roles in Ann Jellicoe's Shelley; Sir Francis Harker in N.F. Simpson's The Cresta Run and Pte Atterclife in John Arden's Serjeant Musgrave's Dance. Royal Shakespeare Company

In 1966, <mask> joined the Royal Shakespeare Company, where he spent the next decade of his career and eventually became an associate artist. He

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texts: mostly appeared in Shakespeare plays, including the title role in Cymbeline, Edmund of Langley in Richard II, the King in All's Well That Ends Well, Ulysses in Troilus and Cressida, and Leonato in Much Ado About Nothing.The Times described his performance in the title role of Cymbeline as "awe-inspiring", and The Independent described his performance as Polonius in Hamlet as "unrivalled in his complacency and sense of circumstance". The Telegraph described his performance of Gloucester in King Lear as "doleful" and his performance of Duncan in Macbeth as "decent". Many of the company's Shakespearean productions at the time were considered interpretive and modern, which drew criticism from some traditionalists, but <mask> defended the experimental nature of the shows and rejected the notion that plays should be restricted to preconceived interpretations. During his time with the company, he also demonstrated what the Daily Telegraph called a "crusty charm" as Sir Oblong Fitz Oblong in Robert Bolt's children's play The Thwarting of Baron Bolligrew. He was also noted as possessing a gift for dry comedy during this period of his acting career, exemplified by his roles in Maxim Gorky's plays Enemies and Summerfolk. He demonstrated a particular knack for Russian comedy in Jonathan Miller's productions of the Anton Chekhov plays Three Sisters and Ivanov. In 1978, <mask> earned acclaim for his performance as a judge in the stage debut of Whose Life Is It Anyway?at the Mermaid Theatre. The production won Laurence Olivier Awards for Best Play and Best Actor (Tom Conti). Although 73 years old, <mask> did not let his age slow down his career. During the run of this production a mugger tried


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 to steal his money, but <mask> chased him down, tackled him and recovered his property. Later that year, he was painted in the nude by his nephew, Brian Ocean. During his later years, <mask> suffered a physical disability that made him tremble, which had a negative impact on his television roles, particularly when handling cups or trays of drinks. One of his later television appearances was in The Old Curiosity Shop, a 1979 mini-series based on the novel by Charles Dickens.Around this time, he also voiced the part of Squire Beltham in a radio production of The Adventures of Harry Richmond, which the Daily Telegraph said was "remembered with affection". He lent his voice to several radio performances, both Shakespearean and modern, including protagonist John Tanner in the five-hour Man and Superman by George Bernard <mask>. Writing career
<mask> wrote Take a Life, his first play, in 1961. He directed a production of the show at London's Mermaid Theatre, where he also played the lead role of the Detective. That same year he played two lead roles in George Bernard <mask> plays at the Dublin Theatre Festival: Mrs. Warren's Profession and Candida. Around this time, he also wrote an outline for a television comedy series about four girls sharing a flat, inspired by his real-life daughter, who was in her early twenties and living in a flat with other girls her age. The series was submitted to the Granada Television company, which expressed interest in the show and said it was one of two under consideration for television.The company ultimately chose the other show, the long-running British soap opera Coronation Street. <mask> agreed to take certain roles only on the condition that he