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 latter say that while every politician is corrupt, at least <mask> is "a man of action" and has finally done something for residents of Ljubljana.This normally refers to him having built the Stožice stadium. His opponents point out, however, that he built it with taxpayers' money and that his family and companies owned by them have benefited to the tune of many millions from backhanders paid by building contractors engaged to construct it, while subcontractors were not paid for their work, supposedly for lack of funds. In 1998, the left liberal magazine Mladina accused <mask> of having used his influence as businessman in order to secure his younger son's participation in the spring matura state exams, although he should have first passed two retake exams. In October 2011, a whole episode of the talk political show Pogledi Slovenije, aired by the national broadcaster RTV Slovenija, was focused on <mask>'s alleged nepotism. He has been a target of satire, especially by the popular comedian Denis Avdić. In May 2012 it was revealed that the Slovene tax administration is investigating how 400 thousand out of the 15 million euros, paid by the City of Ljubljana to the Stožice Sports Park construction contractor (GREP), ended on the account of the KLM Naložbe company, which is majority-owned by <mask> <mask>. <mask> and his son Jure are under investigation by the tax authorities and the police in connection with the Cypriot company Blue Train of which Jure <mask> has been revealed to be a director.He is perennially cited as one of the most influential people in the country. References

External links

Further reading

|-

1953 births
Living people
Eastern Orthodox Christians from Slovenia
Mayors of Ljubljana
Members of the National Assembly (Slovenia)
Politicians from Smederevo
Positive Slovenia politicians
Serbian emigrants to Slovenia
Slovenian businesspeople
Slovenian people of Serbian descent
Slovenian sports executives and administrators
University of Ljubljana

masks: Janković Janković Janković Zoran Janković Janković Janković


type: original

texts:
<mask> (born 22 February 1964 in Madrid, Spain) is a war journalist, writer and correspondent, currently working as chief correspondent of the news of Televisa in Spain. Career path
<mask> is the son of journalist and communicator <mask>, with a long professional career in media such as Cadena Ser, where he received among several other Ondas Awards as the best program-manager in 1967. From an early age, <mask>e read the literary and journalistic texts that his father invited him to discover. A universal vision that <mask> was able to convey to his five children. Thanks to that and his tireless travels and language skills, today <mask>' is a journalist with a wide and global lens. His father, who worked as a correspondent for Mexico at the 24-Hours News presented by Jacobo Zabludovsky, was able to convey his love of journalism and for Mexico to his son <mask> Hanks in the film "Big" with title in Spain. The beginnings of <mask> began on Radio Montecarlo in Paris in the summer of 1983, and soon after, he began collaborating with New York's Spanish-speaking 47 channel. In 1985 he entered work for the media group Televisa, becoming in a very short time, one of the most emblematic correspondents for all Latin America. In the last 33 years he has covered for the television channel, the most important events of a world character. He has witnessed 19 wars, going on to conduct exclusive interviews with such important and influential figures in history as Yasser Arafat or Muammar the Gaddafi, or the leader of Hamas sheikh Ahmed Yassin. Peláez has also interviewed Spanish, European, and Latin American politicians, such as former Spanish presidents Felipe González, José María Aznar, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, the Portuguese Head of State Aníbal Cavaco Silva, the former presidents of Mexico Ernesto Zedillo, Carlos Salinas, Vicente Fox and Felipe Calderón, the former president of Peru Alejandro Toledo or former Argentine

masks:
Alberto Peláez
Alberto Peláez
Joaquín Peláez
Alberto Pelá
Don Joaquín Peláez
Alberto Peláez
AlbertoTom
Alberto Peláez


texts:
 President Carlos Menem among others.<mask> has written and edited 5 books. He began his literary career in [1992], with literature ranging from the journalistic genre to the essay or the novel. For 13 years he was a columnist for the [Millennium newspaper] and to this day writes for the newspaper El Universal (Mexico)' El Universal (Mexico), in addition to collaborating with Grupo Radio Centro and different stations, radio stations and Spanish media. He is the winner of the Golden Antenna and the International Press Club award, which was given to him from the hands of his S.M. King D. Juan Carlos I. Today, he continues to work as Chief Correspondent for Televisa, covering the most important national and international news for Mexico . He lectures on development and personal growth throughout Mexico, from the most important universities to multinational companies.A polyglot man, an athlete and current day, today <mask> has become a remarkable figure in the world of Spanish journalism. War correspondent
Coverage of warfare such as:
 Invasion of Kuwait by Iraq 1990
 Gulf War Persian War I 1990 – 1991
 Kurdish Exodus from Iraq to Turkey 1991
 Yugoslav Wars 1991 – 1994
 Slovenia
 Croatia
 Bosnia – Sarajevo, Mostar, Livno...
 Algerian Civil War Algerian War 1992
 Russian Constitutional Crisis of 1993 Coup d'état in Russia 1993
 Burundi Civil War War hutus tutsis Rwanda 1995
 Somali Civil War winter 1994 – summer 1995
 Israeli-Palestinian conflict 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002
 Afghanistan War 2001 – 2002
 Iraq War Persian II 2002
 2011 Libyan War

Speaker
Its coverages in its 19 wars have enabled <mask> to become an important speaker. Leadership, overcoming, teamwork are some of the conferences that <mask> gives based on his knowledge of war cover. Among the different conferences <mask> has given on leadership and improvement, some of them have been for the following companies, agencies and universities. ACE Fianzas

masks:
Peláez
Alberto Peláez
Peláez
Peláez
Alberto


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 Monterrey. Aeromexico. Group Chedraui.Forum Canacintra. University of Colima. Tamaulipas Autonomous University. Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
 University of the Valley of Mexico on the Campuses of Querétaro, Aguascalientes, San Luis Potosí, [[Guadalajara (Mexico)] Guadalajara]] and Mexicali. City Hall of Villahermosa, Tabasco. City Hall of Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz. Carlos Septien University of Mexico.University La Salle (Mexico). University of La Rábida de Cádiz. Complutense University of Madrid. Master Professor Board of Spokespersons taught by CESMA
 Space 1997 (Courses taught by Televisa to young university students). Space 2004 (Courses taught by Televisa to young university students.) City Hall Conference Metepec (Hidalgo). Government Conference Campeche.Government Conference of the State of Hidalgo. Biarritz Fórum
In the year 2000, the then-Mayor-Senator of the city of [Biarritz], in the south of France, Didier Borotra created a Forum of political, business economic thinking that brought together the most important politicians from both sides of the Atlantic. This forum, during its 11 years of existence, was attended by the most important politicians and entrepreneurs from European and Latin American countries. During all the years of the Forum, "<mask>ez"' had a very active participation as a speaker but mainly as master of ceremonies. This was attended by personalities such as former presidents, such as Miguel de la Madrid (Mexico), Jaime Paz Zamora (Bolivia), Alvaro Uribe (Colombia), Ernesto Samper (Colombia) or Leonel Fernández (Dominican Republic), among others. Also current presidents such as Enrique Peña Nieto (Mexico), Michelle Bachelet (Chile), or Rafael Correa (Ecuador). This idea of Mayor Borotra was expanded to do so one year in the city of Biarritz and the next in a Latin American city.Biarritz's forum traveled to Valle de Bravo Mexico, Santiago de Chile, Bogotá Colombia and Quito Ecuador


texts:
<mask> (1884–1953) was a Scottish translator transplanted to the Argentine Pampas. His career is an example of how the translator can open up a key aspect of a culture to readers in another language. Born in Glasgow, he spent much of his boyhood in Montevideo and as an adult returned to the River Plate area to work as a stockbroker. He thus had the opportunity to become bicultural as well as bilingual, and applied his skill to the translation into English of the major epic poems of the Southern part of South America. In so doing his objective was not simply aesthetic, but cultural and even political in terms of bringing closer together the English-speaking peoples and those of Latin America. As he put it, he hoped that his work "in its modest way may advance between peoples of different speech, the friendly interchange of thought and feeling which is the foundation of mutual esteem and the surest establishment for good fellowship. To have done so is the best reward of the translator."Translations

What <mask> did was to "English" (his verb for translate) the principal epics of the part of Latin America he knew best: José Hernández's Martín Fierro, Alonso de Ercilla y Zúñiga's La Araucana, and Juan Zorrilla de San Martín's Tabaré, among others. In so doing he made available to the English-speaking world these neglected masterpieces of the Southern Cone. But as a translator he felt obliged to tell his readers (in extensive introductions or prefaces) how he crafted his works of translation. Thus, his legacy is a double one, of considerable value to both the reader of epic Latin American poetry as well as

masks:
Walter Owen
Owen


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 to the student of translation. <mask> avoided excessively literal translations, realizing that they would be of little interest to the reader trying to understand the gaucho or Araucanian culture. He was willing to sacrifice what he called "verbal accuracy" (i.e., word for word rendition) in order to achieve clarity and ease of style. His ultimate goal was what we would call "equivalent impact": "it must produce upon the consciousness of the reader an equivalent total impression to that produced by the original work upon readers in whose vernacular it was written."He reiterates this philosophy in his preface to the translation of La Araucana: "Translations of poems which adhere faithfully to the original text yield small pleasure to the reader, and what value they have is for the student of philology or semantics.... I consider the translation of poetry into poetry a liberal art and not an exact science .... To coin a portmanteau-term for this sort of translation, it might be called a psychological transvernacularisation." Texts
Here is his "transvernacularisation" of the opening stanza:
I sit me here to sing my song
To the beat of my old guitar
To the man whose life is a bitter cup,
With a song may yet his heart lift up,
As the lonely bird on a leafless tree
That sings 'neath the gloaming star. In the preface to the translation of La Araucana, <mask> invites the reader to share with him the intimate details of the process by which he takes the original poem of the Chilean conquest, makes a first rough semi-literal translation, and then plays with each line, word, and syllable to achieve the

masks: Owen Owen


texts:
 translation which most closely conveys the spirit, meaning and rhythm of the 16th Century Spanish original. This preface stands as one of the most complete explanations which a poet-translator has ever given of the intricacies of his work. He modestly says: "It will not be foreign to the purpose of these introductory remarks and will perhaps be of some entertainment to my readers if I illustrate the working of the system I have outlined, as applied to the opening stanza of Ercilla's epic. I will first give the original Spanish text of the stanza, then my first roughly literal translation, followed by a running commentary showing the development of the finished English version."The Spanish original by Alonso de Ercilla, 1569:

<mask>'s first "approximately literal translation" (early 1900s):

Not ladies, love, nor courtesies
Of amorous knights I sing,
Nor tokens, sweets, and favours
Of love's delights and cares;
But the valour, deeds, and exploits
Of those stalwart Spaniards,
That on Arauco's untamed neck
Placed by a sword a rigorous yoke. <mask> notes that this first cut carries the sense of the original, but that the "rhythm and ring and martial tramp of Ercilla are absent. The epic note is wanting; the bird of poetry has escaped our net of English words. No patching or mending of the new form will recapture the spirit of the original. What the translator has to do is to mentally digest this raw material, and once it is well assimilated, imagine himself Ercilla, seated quill in hand in old Madrid about the third quarter of the sixteenth century, with a clean sheet before him and his portfolio of


texts:
 manuscript notes at hand, ruminating the opening lines of his epic of the Arauco Wars." <mask> proceeds to do just that for six pages of his preface, showing the reader in great detail how he arrives at his final version:
Sing, Muse: but not of Venus and her chuck,
And amorous jousts in dainty lists of love,
Favours and forfeits won in Beauty's siege
By soft assaults of chamber gallantry;
But of the valiant deeds and worthy fame
Of those who far on surge-ensundered shores,
Bent the proud neck of Araucania's race
To Spain's stern yoke, by war's arbitrament. References
Child, Jack.Introduction to Spanish Translation. Lanham: University Press of America, 1992. Cuesta, Leonel de la. Lecciones Preliminares de Traductología. Miami: Ediciones Guayacán, 1987. Larson, Mildred. Meaning-Based Translation.Lanham: University Press of America, 1984. Nida, Eugene A. Language, Structure and Translation: Stanford University Press,1975. Vázquez-Ayora, Gerardo. Introducción a la Traductología. Washington: Georgetown University Press, 1977. Spanish language
Argentine people of Scottish descent
Writers from Glasgow
1844 births
1953 deaths
People educated at Hillhead High School
Scottish emigrants to Argentina
Scottish


texts:
<mask> is a Métis politician. He was first elected to serve as President of Métis Nation—Saskatchewan on 27 May 2017 and was re-elected on 29 May 2021. He is from Pinehouse, Saskatchewan. McCallum served as the area director for Northern Region III from 2012 to 2017. In 2017, <mask> was elected to be President of the Métis Nation—Saskatchewan. During his term as president, McCallum has advanced Métis rights and signed agreements with the Government of Canada, the Government of Saskatchewan, and various municipal governments in Saskatchewan. He has also worked with other Indigenous governments in Saskatchewan to provide programs and supports for the COVID-19 pandemic.He was successful in having government funding restored to the Métis Nation—Saskatchewan after the funding had been pulled in October 2014. Prior to entering Métis politics, McCallum worked as a counsellor providing addictions and recovery programs in Saskatoon, SK and his home community of Pinehouse. Professional work

Recovery Lake
McCallum helped his brother, Leonard, to establish the addictions program at Recovery Lake in 1987, which is located at Muskwa Lake, 20 km west of Pinehouse. The programs at Recovery Lake were grounded in identity, culture, values, and languages, as is based on eight principles:
 Trust
 Respect
 Feeling
 Caring
 Tolerance
 Understanding
 Acceptance
 Forgiveness

Building a Nation
In 1998, <mask>, working with Dr. Tom Hengen from the University of Saskatchewan, founded Building A Nation Family Healing Centre, Inc. in 1998, and McCallum served as president of Building A Nation and worked as a counsellor associate for 12 years. Building a Nation was a culturally sensitive and competent mental health program located in Saskatoon's west side core neighbourhood.

masks:
Glen McCallum
McCallum
McCallum


texts: The programs offered at Building a Nation incorporated the Medicine Wheel as a teaching tool, and provided a blend of traditional and western-based support services to the clients. The services provided were in stark contrast to many of the services provided at the time because they recognized the falsehoods of the "Indian problem" narrative and the negative impacts of cultural genocide on Indigenous people though residential schools and attempts at forced assimilation.The services provided included clinical and traditional counselling services, crisis services, personal development programs, as well as assistance programs with child custody, justice system, and social assistance in support of individuals and specific interest groups. Much of the programming was developed to use the Medicine Wheel as a teaching and assessment tool. In 1999, Building a Nation established a 10-week youth-oriented theatre production program called Circle of Voices that went on to become the Gordon Tootoosis Nīkānīwin Theatre (formerly known as the Saskatchewan Native Theatre Company). This program was designed to help youth to develop their theatrical talent through story telling, providing healing through art and giving them an opportunity to tell about their struggles towards a healthy lifestyle. Building a Nation also established the Building A Nation Training Institute, Inc. as a registered private vocational school that provided a counselling training program called Medicine Wheel Counselling and Case Management. The clientele served by Building a Nation were 90% Indigenous, and there were an estimated 1,000 active client files every year, with an even higher number of people being served thought nuclear and extended family members connected to the individual


texts:
 files. Northern Village of Pinehouse
McCallum served as the Director of Social Development for Pinehouse.Presidency of Métis Nation—Saskatchewan
The governance of the Métis Nation—Saskatchewan has been an ongoing concern that <mask> worked to address, with a goal of ensuring that there is good governance and a strong government. Leading up to the 2017 general election, "Métis [were] battling Métis, each in the name and for the purported good of Métis Nation – Saskatchewan," with "their genesis in political struggles to control [Métis Nation—Saskatchewan]," "factions each [claiming] the [Métis Nation—Saskatchewan] Constitution and the path of righteousness are on their side," and "[polite] words [were used to] mask less cooperative sentiments." The Hon. Mr. Justice B. Scherman, presiding over a case in 2015, noted that:

<mask>, recognizing that "A president has to work with his government in order for things to move smoothly forward and have a listening ear in planning together in regards to where we go," ran on a platform in 2017 of building good governance, effective administration, and a strong government. Following his election, in his State of the Nation address at the 2018 session of the Métis Nation Legislative Assembly, McCallum said that:

Restoring federal funding and establishing government offices
The Métis Nation—Saskatchewan had lost federal funding on 1 November 2014 due to a lack of Provincial Métis Council meetings and the inability to hold a properly and duly called session of the Métis Nation Legislative Assembly. The funding, provided through a Basic Organizational Capacity agreement, was halted until the 2017 general election. The federal funding was reinstated a few days after the general election, which followed a Métis

masks:
Glen McCallum
McCallum


texts:
 Nation Legislative Assembly and General Assembly earlier in 2017.During the period where the Métis Nation—Saskatchewan was without funding, offices were closed, assets had been sold to help cover expenses, and the finances were put under third-party management. A transition team was brought in that included Richard Quintal, a federal official seconded to the Métis Nation—Saskatchewan, and former Saskatchewan MLA and Minister of Health Louise Simard, among others, both of whom remained at Métis Nation—Saskatchewan after the transition period was over to help build strong and accountable governance in the Métis Nation—Saskatchewan government. Advancing Métis self-government
In his role as president, <mask> has worked to advance the rights of Métis, including self-government. During his term as the Area Director for Northern Region III of Métis Nation—Saskatchewan, <mask> was a signatory to the Canada-Metis Nation Accord. Following his election as president, McCallum was a signatory to the Memorandum of Understanding on Advancing Reconciliation, the Framework Agreement for Advancing Reconciliation, and the Métis Government Recognition and Self-Government Agreement. These agreements establish the process by which the Government of Canada and the Métis Nation negotiate on a nation-to-nation, government-to-government basis on matters such as recognition of Métis rights, addressing unresolved claims and grievances, access resources for programs and service delivery, and advance recognition of self-government. Following the signing of the Métis Government Recognition and Self-Government Agreement, McCallum said:

Land claims
The matter of Métis title is an ongoing matter.On 1 March 1994, the Métis Nation of Saskatchewan filled a major land claim in the


texts:
 Court of Queen's Bench in Saskatoon. This land claim covered 145,000 km2, and claimed ownership and jurisdiction over the lands and resources in that area, as well as compensation for being deprived of the land and resources and the destruction of the environment in the land claim area. The land claim was filed as a test case for Saskatchewan, with the goal of further land claims across Saskatchewan. In the Framework Agreement for Advancing Reconciliation, the 1994 Land Claim is explicitly stated as a priority in the negotiations between Métis Nation—Saskatchewan and the Government of Canada in the preamble. To help move matters such as the North West Métis Land Claim forward, Métis Nation—Saskatchewan retained lawyer Thomas Isaac. Isaac, who is the Ministerial Special Representative on Métis s. 35 Rights to Minister of Indigenous and Northern Affairs Carolyn Bennett, has extensive experience in Aboriginal law in Canada, including advising the Northwest Territories and the Government of Canada on negotiations for the South Slave region, serving as an assistant deputy minister in Northwest Territories during the establishment of Nunavut, and being part of other treaty and land settlement negotiations across Canada. In February 2020, McCallum announced that Métis Nation—Saskatchewan would be contributing $750,000 to advance mapping processes that are pertinent in discussions with the Government of Canada to address outstanding Métis land claims in Saskatchewan.In his announcement, <mask> stated:

Competing Northwest Saskatchewan land claim
On 16 October 2019, Métis National Council President, Clément Chartier, in collaboration with former Métis Nation—Saskatchewan President Jim Durocher and several others, filed a competing Métis land claim in


texts:
 Saskatoon, SK that covered a large area of Northwest Saskatchewan and Northeast Alberta, including most if not all of the 1994 North West Saskatchewan Land Claim. This land claim was not filed through the Métis Nation—Saskatchewan and Métis Nation of Alberta, despite both being governing members of the Métis National Council and the recognized governing bodies of the Métis in their respective provinces. Subsequently, the Métis Nation—Saskatchewan filed a complaint with the Law Society of Saskatchewan and asked the court to strike the competing land claim. Chartier had previously represented Métis Nation—Saskatchewan on the 1994 land claim, and the Métis Nation—Saskatchewan argued that these actions by Chartier were a direct conflict of interest by acting against their interests as his former client in violation of s.3.4-10 of the Law Society of Saskatchewan Code of Professional Conduct. President <mask> argued that "Any other person that wants to pursue another way of doing things totally, in my view, undermines our government [the Métis Nation—Saskatchewan]. If I did that with a provincial government or federal government, then I would be dealt with in a way to wake me up in regards to the rules and the laws of this country." Chartier recognized that the complaint with the law society against him might be successful., the matter has not been resolved. Tri-Council
On 27 June 2019, Métis Nation—Saskatchewan, Métis Nation of Alberta, and Métis Nation of Ontario signed Métis Government Recognition and Self-Government Agreements with The Crown that recognized the Métis inherent right of self-government and established a process by which self-government would be established. As the three Métis governments began working towards the requirements of the


texts:
 Agreements, they established an informal structure of intergovernmental meetings of the three governments to advance their collective efforts on implementing the Métis Government Recognition and Self-Government Agreements. This helped the three governments to cooperate on shared issues outside of the dysfunctional structure that had developed in the Métis National Council. Partnership with Canadian Geographic for Future of Michif program
Métis Nation-Saskatchewan and Canadian Geographic magazine signed an agreement to launch The Future of Michif Program, which is a $1.8 million multi-platform engagement program, and work together on preserving the Michif language. While Michif is the most widely spoken Métis language, it is endangered and at risk of going extinct as other Métis languages, including Bungi and Brayet, have already gone extinct. The Future of Michif Program approached the objectives of the program in two main ways: highlighting and celebrating Métis culture and the Michif language through media, and to build capacity to educate and inspire future generations of Métis about Métis culture, heritage, and language, especially Michif.Batoche National Historic Site
Batoche is a site of historic and cultural significance to Métis. One of the communities of the Southbranch Settlement, Batoche was the site of the capital of the Provisional Government of Saskatchewan and the Exovedate governing council as part of the North-West Resistance, culminating in the Battle of Batoche on 9–12 May 1885. On 18 December 2020, Métis Nation-Saskatchewan and Parks Canada signed an agreement to open a sub-table under the Framework Agreement for Advancing Reconciliation to discuss and explore the full range of options about the future management of the Batoche


texts:
 National Historic Site. Constitutional reform
At the April 2019 Métis Nation Legislative Assembly, a motion was passed mandating that a process of constitutional reform for the Constitution of the Métis Nation—Saskatchewan. This process involved broad consultations across Saskatchewan, including consultation with Métis citizens, Métis Nation Legislative Assembly members, and subject-matter experts, with the goal of updating the Constitution to better reflect the changes in Métis Nation—Saskatchewan governance and building a stronger government based on Métis values, traditions, and culture. Judicial Tribunal of the Métis Nation—Saskatchewan
As a part of the constitutional reform process, the process of establishing a judicial tribunal was undertaken. At the 2018 General Assembly following the Métis Nation Legislative Assembly, a motion was passed to start the process of establishing a judicial tribunal for Métis Nation—Saskatchewan.In the original governance structure, the Senate of Métis Nation—Saskatchewan served as the judicial arm of the government, but the judicial role of the Senate was removed in 2008. Following the motion, a process of consultations on establishing a judicial tribunal was undertaken, and a report was presented to the Métis Nation Legislative Assembly. Registry
Structuring the Central Registry of Métis Nation—Saskatchewan has presented challenges. As presented in her 2001 report, Marilyn Poitras highlighted the past difficulties of ensuring Métis citizens were accurately verified, recorded, and enumerated. The Senate of Métis Nation—Saskatchewan was originally responsible for overseeing the operations of the Central Registry, but the oversight of the Central Registry was transferred to the Provincial Métis Council in 2008.


texts:
 Following transfer of oversight of the Central Registry to the Provincial Métis Council, the oversight was assigned to a minister for the Central Registry. In 2020, there was a cabinet shuffle that eliminated the Minister of the Central Registry, and at the 2021 Métis Nation Legislative Assembly, the Métis Nation—Saskatchewan Citizenship Act was amended to separate the Central Registry from the political structure of Métis Nation—Saskatchewan.When federal funding was restored to Métis Nation—Saskatchewan, the Central Registry re-opened and an office was established. At the time that the Central Registry re-opened in September 2017, a total of 4,430 card numbers had been issued to citizens. , the Central Registry had 11,628 registered eligible citizens, from a total of 17,112 applications in-progress (3,640), completed (13.528), or denied (1,153). Election reform
In 2018, the Métis Nation Legislative Assembly amended the Saskatchewan Métis Elections Act 2007 to provide the option of, when a vacancy develops in the Executive or Provincial Métis Council, calling a by-election or suspending the need for a by-election and allowing election of a person in accordance with the Constitution of the Métis Nation—Saskatchewan as an interim to remain in that office until the following election. At the 2019 Métis Nation Legislative Assembly, a series of resolutions were passed that clarified eligibility to vote and to seek nomination for office in an election. These resolutions required that anyone wishing to vote in any Métis Nation—Saskatchewan election or wanting to seek nomination for office must be a verified citizen of Métis Nation—Saskatchewan or be in the process of obtaining their citizenship. The Saskatchewan Métis Elections Act 2007 was further


texts:
 amended in February 2021 by the Métis Nation Legislative Assembly to incorporate the resolutions from November 2019 and to make additional necessary changes to better align with best legislative practices and ensure that a more fair and transparent election would be held.Housing supports
Métis Nation—Saskatchewan established housing financial support programs. These programs included the Métis Nation-Saskatchewan First-Time Home Buyers Program and the Métis Nation-Saskatchewan Emergency Repair Program. On 23 April 2021, Central Urban Métis Federation Inc. (CUMFI) Métis Local 165 held a sod-turning ceremony to start construction on the Round Prairie Elders’ Lodge. Métis Nation—Saskatchewan provided $1.5 million in funding through Western Region IIa Regional Council and the Ministry of Housing as part of the Regional Housing Strategy and the Canada-Métis Nation Housing Sub-Accord. COVID-19 response

On 18 March 2020, the Province of Saskatchewan declared a state of emergency in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and began implementing increasingly strict public health orders over the following weeks. On 18 April 2020, recognizing the unique challenges faced by Métis people in urban, rural, and remote communities, Métis Nation—Saskatchewan declared its own state of emergency to urge for more action and increased collaboration between all levels of government. This was especially important for remote northern communities due to the unique challenges that they face with reduced access to health resources and community supports.Métis Nation—Saskatchewan was providing supports to Métis citizens throughout the pandemic. Supports that were made available included food hampers, accommodations for mandatory self-isolation, travel expense reimbursement for


texts: needed in-hospital care, rent and technology expense supports for post-secondary students, financial supports for rental, mortgage, and/or utility payments, financial supports for emergency childcare, as well as mental health and addictions supports to help with the stress that citizens were facing during the pandemic. Early in the pandemic, McCallum began reaching out to other governments, both Indigenous and Crown governments, to set up partnerships to better serve the needs of the people of Saskatchewan. Efforts included partnering with the Meadow Lake Tribal Council and the Government of Canada to provide $2.3 million to support efforts in northwestern Saskatchewan as part of the North West Saskatchewan Pandemic Response Plan, partnering with Meadow Lake Tribal Council to provide a wide range of supports in health services, and Métis Nation—Saskatchewan, the Meadow Lake Tribal Council, and the Federation of Sovereign Indigenous Nations to raise concerns about security checkpoints established by the Government of Saskatchewan and how they are negatively impacting Indigenous people in Northern Saskatchewan due to the unique situations that exists for these communities. Once COVID-19 vaccines were more widely available, Métis Nation—Saskatchewan launched the Vaccinated Métis Strong campaign. In partnership with the Saskatchewan Health Authority, Métis Nation—Saskatchewan held a special two-day pop-up COVID-19 vaccination clinic at the Métis Nation—Saskatchewan administrative office building in Saskatoon to provide a culturally-safe vaccination site. In his mandate letter to Métis Nation—Saskatchewan Minister of Health, Marg Friesen, President McCallum commended Friesen on her leadership and commitment that were critical to the success of the Métis


texts:
 Nation—Saskatchewan response to the COVID-19 pandemic and helping support Métis citizens.Duty to Consult
On 9 September 2020, Métis Nation—Saskatchewan filled a claim against NexGen Energy Ltd. The claim argued that NexGen was in breach of its obligations under the Study Agreement the two parties had signed, including the obligation to negotiate an Impact benefit Agreement, and to ask the court to prevent NexGen from filing regulatory filings for the establishment of a uranium mine in Northern Region II. Shortly after filing the claim against NexGen Energy Ltd., Métis Nation—Saskatchewan sued the Government of Saskatchewan, claiming that the province in failing in its obligations to properly consult with Métis with respect to harvesting, land use, and commercial activities, and that the 2010 First Nation and Métis Consultation Policy Framework does not recognize assertions that Métis title to land and resources continue to exist and fails to uphold the Honour of the Crown. Métis Nation—Saskatchewan asked the court to declare that the 2010 policy is invalid and reliance on the policy allows the province to avoid its duty to consult and accommodate. Memoranda of Understanding
During his term as president, <mask> signed several memoranda of understanding to advance various matters of interest to Métis citizens. Métis harvesting rights
On 18 December 2019, Métis Nation—Saskatchewan and the Government of Saskatchewan recommitted to a memorandum of understanding that had been signed 10 November 2010. This memorandum of understanding was to negotiate recognition of Métis harvesting rights in Saskatchewan.The 2010 memorandum of understanding had been suspended in 2012 due to lack of capacity in the Métis Nation—Saskatchewan, but governance capacity had


texts:
 been rebuilt to allow the negotiations to continue. University of Saskatchewan
Recognizing the inherent right and importance of education for Métis people, on 18 November 2019 the University of Saskatchewan and Métis Nation—Saskatchewan signed a memorandum of understanding to advance strategies for improving access and completion for Métis to post-secondary education and increasing the Métis presence on campus. Health and cancer strategies
Métis Nation—Saskatchewan signed memoranda of understanding with the Saskatchewan Cancer Agency and researchers in the University of Saskatchewan Department of Community Health and Epidemiology. The purpose of these memoranda were to better understand and support Métis people who are affected by cancer. Saskatchewan Health Authority
At the 2018 Back to Batoche festival, the Saskatchewan Health Authority and Métis Nation—Saskatchewan signed a memorandum of understanding. The memorandum established a framework for the two parties to work together to promote good health and to improve wellness outcomes for Métis people. Saskatchewan School Boards Association
In the spirit of advancing reconciliation and ensuring inclusion of Métis content in curriculum, as well as increasing success for Métis youth, the Saskatchewan School Board Association and Métis Nation—Saskatchewan signed a memorandum of understanding to commit to working together to ensure that Métis are fully able to participate in all aspects of the education system and enhance student success.Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Saskatchewan "F" Division
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police and Métis Nation—Saskatchewan agreed to a protocol with the goal of resolving disputes in Métis communities, prevent incidents and the escalation of violence, and improve access


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 to culturally appropriate training for police members. Île-à-la-Crosse Boarding School
Métis and First Nations youth were sent to the Île-à-la-Crosse Boarding school, a part of the Canadian Indian residential school system, which left a legacy that has affected Métis citizens for generations. A memorandum of understanding was signed between the Île-à-la-Crosse Boarding School Steering Committee, Métis Nation—Saskatchewan, and The Crown to start exploratory discussions towards establishing a formal dialogue to address the legacy of the Boarding School for Métis people. National parks and historic sites
Métis Nation—Saskatchewan and Parks Canada reached an agreement to provide free access starting 17 July 2020 to Métis Nation—Saskatchewan citizens for all Parks Canada administered locations in Saskatchewan, and the agreement will remain in effect until 31 March 20206 when it will be up for review and renewal. Métis Nation—Saskatchewan citizens will have free access to Grasslands National Park and Prince Albert National Park, as well as the National Historic Sites of Batoche, Fort Battleford, and Motherwell Homestead. Controversies

Resignation of the Métis Nation—Saskatchewan Treasurer
On 12 September 2017, the Treasurer of Métis Nation—Saskatchewan, Mary Ann Morin, submitted a motion via email to the other members of Executive of Métis Nation—Saskatchewan Treasurer to offer her resignation and sent communication to all Provincial Council Members later that same day stating that she had submitted her resignation, both post-dated to a Provincial Métis Council meeting to take place on 24–26 September 2017. The Executive of Métis Nation—Saskatchewan accepted the email as her resignation the following day after receiving a legal opinion that it


texts:
 constituted her resignation.Morin attempted to withdraw the motion through a series of emails sent between 12 and 23 September 2017, including an email to the other Executive members on 15 September 2017 stating that she would like to withdraw her resignation if possible but would understand if it were not possible to do so. At the 23 September 2017 Provincial Métis Council meeting, the Council acknowledged that Morin's email constituted her resignation and accepted that <mask> had accepted her resignation. During the 2018 Métis Nation Legislative Assembly, the Assembly was provided with a legal opinion by a lawyer present that each of the two communications did constitute Morin's resignation. The Assembly accepted the legal opinion and voted to appoint an Interim Treasurer from the Provincial Métis Council, Earl Cook, in accordance with the Constitution of the Métis Nation—Saskatchewan and Saskatchewan Métis Elections Act 2007. The matter was not brought before the court to resolve the matter until 20 December 2019. Morin argued that she had sent the emails as a threat in hopes that it would draw attention and that the Provincial Métis Council would recognize the seriousness of her frustrations. The decision from the Court of Queen's Bench for Saskatchewan was that Morin had not unequivocally resigned and continues to be the Treasurer, but was unable to find evidence that the Provincial Métis Council had acted in bad faith.An appeal was filled by Métis Nation—Saskatchewan on 27 March 2020. , the appeal has not been heard. Dispute with Métis National Council leadership

Métis Nation 2020 plan
On 28–29 June 2017, McCallum and Métis Nation—Saskatchewan Vice President Gerald Morin attended a meeting of the Métis National Council Priority and Planning


texts:
 Committee in Montreal, QC as guests. At the meeting, Métis National Council President Clément Chartier presented his Métis Nation 2020 plan:

Métis Nation of Ontario

At the November 2018 Métis National Council General Assembly, Chartier presented a report to the Assembly. In this report, he asserted the following:
 From the beginning of its members in MNC, the MNO has failed to apply historic Métis Nation membership/citizenship criteria. The MNO has consistently ignored and been in breach of MNC General Assembly resolutions on citizenship and grandfathering. The MNO has attempted to extend the boundaries of the historic Métis Nation homeland without the consent of MNC and its other Governing Members. Métis Nation of Ontario President Margaret Froh challenged the conclusions presented by Chartier in the report, noting that Métis Nation of Ontario had not been consulted in the preparation of the report, had not received any inquiries during the preparation of the report, and was not provided with sufficient time to prepare a response to the report before it was tabled.After the report was presented, the General Assembly adopted the following resolution to put Métis Nation of Ontario on probation:

Métis Nation of Ontario had initiated a review process of all of the citizenship files held by their registry as well as their registry's compliance with CSA Z710 standard on Métis registry operations in October 2017. However, they were unwilling to allow the Métis National Council to conduct the audit due to concerns about political interference and whether the review would be independent and objective, and instead chose an independent third party to operate their registry and conduct the audit. On 22 January 2020, the leadership of the Métis National


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 Council unilaterally made the decision to suspend Métis Nation of Ontario without a resolution from the General Assembly authorizing the action. Chartier justified this decision because in the resolution the General Assembly had agreed with the suspension but had chosen probation. <mask> challenged this assertion, stating that the resolution was to allow Métis Nation of Ontario to present its full information to the General Assembly, and lamented that there were no Métis National Council meetings being scheduled that would allow this to happen. Tri-Council meetings
On 27 June 2019, the president sof Métis Nation of Alberta, Métis Nation—Saskatchewan, and Métis Nation of Ontario signed the Métis Government Recognition and Self-Government Agreement with The Crown. Following the signing of these agreements, the three Métis governments established a series of meetings under the name Tri-Council to allow for collaboration on self-determination and self-government.The Agreements outline core governance areas of citizenship, leadership selection, and government operations, including legislation, and set out a process for negotiating on agreements for expanded jurisdiction such as health care, education, and child welfare systems. Despite the nature and wording of the Agreements in terms of recognition and jurisdiction, which took decades of negotiating and legal wrangling, Chartier characterized them as reducing the existing Métis rights to self-government to being contingent upon the blessing of the Government of Canada and were focused solely on internal governance affairs. McCallum characterized the agreements as real progress and a major step towards recognition and guaranteeing of Métis rights. Métis National Council meetings

The Métis Nation


texts:
 Council bylaws require that meetings of the General Assembly are to happen every 12–18 months, and are called by the Board of Governors. The meetings of the Board of Governors are called by the president, the Board of Governors is responsible for calling meetings of the General Assembly and for setting the date of the election. If three presidents of the governing members, two of which must be founding members, submit a written request for a Board of Governors meeting, the president is to call and preside over the meeting. On 9 August 2019, President <mask> (Métis Nation—Saskatchewan), President Audrey Poitras (Métis Nation of Alberta), and President Margaret Froh (Métis Nation of Ontario) submitted a letter to Chartier to call a Board of Governors meeting.On 16 August 2019, Chartier responded to the letter and did not call a Board of Governors meeting, claiming that Métis Nation of Ontario was not complying with the resolution of the General Assembly that had put them on probation, and that that needed to be dealt with before a meeting would be called. At the Métis Nation Citizens Forum on Identity, Citizenship & Homeland in Saskatoon, SK, Chartier provided the following answer when asked about why he had not called a Board of Governors meeting:

The reason for Manitoba Métis Federation President David Chartrand supporting this decision was provided in a news article published the following day, in which it was reported that Chartrand was afraid that Métis Nation of Alberta, Métis Nation—Saskatchewan, and Métis Nation of Ontario would gain control over the Métis National Council by voting as a bloc. , there has not been a meeting of the Métis National Council Board of Governors nor General Assembly since November 2018. A meeting was to be held in


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 April 2020 to hold an election for Métis National Council President, and Chartier had announced that he would not be seeking re-election, but the meeting was cancelled. <mask> and Poitras have refused to attend any meetings of the Métis National Council because they do not see the suspension of Métis Nation of Ontario and would not attend unless they were allowed to attend. Due to the lack of Métis National Council governance meetings, McCallum, Poitras, and Froh submitted a letter to Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations Carolyn Bennett, calling on the Government of Canada to copy all communications with Métis National Council to the three governing members, to freeze all funds to Métis National Council until the governance issues are resolved, and to negotiate with the three governments on funding rather than through Métis National Council. COVID-19
On 15 September 2020, McCallum voluntarily went for COVID-19 testing at the drive-through testing site in Saskatoon offered by the Saskatchewan Health Authority.Métis Nation—Saskatchewan had recently  instituted a policy that all leadership and executive should regularly be getting tested for COVID-19 as a precaution. McCallum was asymptomatic when he went for testing, and had proactively went for testing because of the nature of his work as a public figure. According to Saskatchewan's chief medical officer, Dr Saqib Shahab, as McCallum had voluntarily went for testing, had not been in contact with anyone known to be infected, and was not symptomatic, he was not required to self-isolate following testing. There was a Provincial Métis Council meeting to held 19–20 September 2020 at Hawood Inn in Waskesiu Lake located in Prince Albert National Park. At approximately 4:30 P.M. on 18 September 2020,


texts: <mask> was notified by health officials that he had tested positive for the SARS CoV 2 virus. Upon learning of the diagnosis, McCallum is reported to have immediately left the meeting and went directly into isolation in accordance with public health orders, and worked closely with the Saskatchewan Health Authority to minimize potential spread. The other attendees at the meeting were notified very quickly and immediately went into isolation, and the hotel closed for cleaning as a precaution.Following the announcement of McCallum testing positive, there were a lot of accusation circulating in the media. Many people were saying that he should have been in isolation simply because he decided to get tested. Others made claims that several people were showing COPID-19 symptoms within three days of the meeting. The hotel owner made accusations that McCallum had not been following public health orders, but later would not confirm these accusations. Métis Nation—Saskatchewan communicated that they had been following public health guidelines at the meeting and expressed dismay at media for publishing rumours and biased, inaccurate content. In the end, there were no reported incidents of spread of the virus from McCallum to anyone else. Former Métis Nation—Saskatchewan President and a local president, Jim Durocher, penned a letter calling for <mask>'s resignation, attacking McCallum for not self-isolating following his voluntary testing, and referring to unverified and anonymous claims circulating in the media.<mask> responded to Durochers accusations and call to resign, reprimanding Durochers for relying on "in accurate reporting, comments by anonymous sources and, frankly, gossip," saying that Durocher's accusations and actions were reprehensible and were a

masks: McCallum McCallum McCallum


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 discredit to Durocher's past leadership, and called on Durocher to put aside political animosity and work together for the benefit of the community. Citizenship requirements for electors
On 23 November 2019, the Métis Nation Legislative Assembly passed a resolution to amend the Saskatchewan Métis Elections Act 2007 to require people to hold citizenship with Métis Nation—Saskatchewan in order to be eligible to vote. After the COVID-19 pandemic struck Saskatchewan and both the provincial health guidelines and directives from the Métis Nation—Saskatchewan Ministry of Health limited the size of gatherings and many workplaces had to close, the Métis Nation—Saskatchewan Registry closed on 16 March 2020 and the staff transitioned to working from home for the duration of the pandemic. The changes to the Saskatchewan Métis Elections Act 2007 and the closure of the physical office of the Registry led some people to challenge the requirement for citizenship to eligible to vote in the election. A local president and former Métis Nation—Saskatchewan president, Jim Durocher, distributed a letter to all members of the Métis Nation Legislative Assembly in which he made several questionable statements in which he challenged the resolutions and questioned the enforcement of those resolutions. On 6 January 2021, Durocher co-wrote and distributed a letter in collaboartion with Métis National Council President Clément Chartier to members of the MNLA in which they quoted Métis Nation—Saskatchewan legislation to present an questionable argument as the basis of a resolution for the Métis Nation Legislative Assembly the following month, and called upon the members of the MNLA to overturn the requirement to hold citizenship to be eligible to vote in Métis


texts:
 Nation—Saskatchewan elections. At the 20–21 Métis Nation Legislative Assembly, the Assembly adopted an agenda that did not include the resolutions presented by members of the Assembly.However, the Assembly did amend many parts of the Saskatchewan Métis Elections Act 2007, including finalizing some requirements from the November 2019 resolution. During the course of the debate on the resolution, the Assembly did discuss the topic of not requiring citizenship for the 2021 Métis Nation—Saskatchewan General Election and voted to continue with citizenship as a requirement to be eligible to vote. Following the close of the February 2021 Métis Nation Legislative Assembly, Chartier, Durocher, and fellow local presidents Darlene McKay, Gail Johnson, and Sheila Andrews, filled for an injunction to strike the requirement to hold citizenship in Métis Nation—Saskatchewan for the 2021 Métis Nation—Saskatchewan General Election. In the ruling, the judge ruled that the decisions of Métis Nation—Saskatchewan were not subject to judicial review, that the amendments to the Saskatchewan Métis Elections Act 2007 were reasonably consistent with the Constitution of the Métis Nation—Saskatchewan, and that the amendments that were made were done so in procedurally fair manner. During the 2021 Métis Nation—Saskatchewan General Election, candidates that opposed McCallum accused him of being the one responsible for the requirement for electors to have Métis Nation—Saskatchewan citizenship to be eligible to vote, accusing him of voter suppression and disenfranchising Métis in Saskatchewan, despite it being the Métis Nation Legislative Assembly that made the changes. Personal

Addictions
The community where McCallum grew up, Pinehouse, had major issues with alcoholism and


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 violence and had become a way of life. This led his brother, Leonard, to establish an addictions program called Recovery Lake.<mask> was an alcoholic, and attended Recovery Lake, helped to establish the program, and has been sober since 1988. <mask> in married to Verna <mask>. His brother, Leonard, established the Recovery Lake program near Pinehouse. <mask>'s father attended residential school in Beauval, Saskatchewan, and lost his foot at age 12 in a threshing accident. Both of <mask>'s parents drank, and there was violence and poverty at home growing up. <mask>'s father died of alcoholism in 1987. His mother died in 2020.See also
 Métis Nation—Saskatchewan
 Métis National Council
 Métis Nation of Ontario
 Manitoba Métis Federation
 Métis Nation of Alberta
 Métis Nation British Columbia

References

External links
 Métis Nation—Saskatchewan

Indigenous leaders in Saskatchewan
Living people
Métis politicians
1955 births
Canadian Métis

masks:
McCallum
Family Glen
McCallum
Glen
Glen
Glen


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<mask>. (; born June 30, 1985) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Oakland Athletics, Toronto Blue Jays, Seattle Mariners, Los Angeles Dodgers, San Francisco Giants and Miami Marlins. After attending Creighton University, <mask> was drafted by the New York Yankees in 2008. He signed with the Athletics as a free agent before the 2015 season, and made his MLB debut that year. Venditte is a switch pitcher, capable of pitching proficiently with both arms. He is recognized as the only active professional pitcher who is able to do this. <mask>'s rare ability to pitch with either arm required both Major and Minor League Baseball to create a rule for ambidextrous pitchers, known colloquially as the "<mask> Rule".This rule essentially requires any ambidextrous pitcher to declare which hand he will use to pitch to a batter before the at-bat starts, and to throw with that hand through the entire at-bat (unless he is injured during the at-bat). Early life
<mask>. was born on June 30, 1985, in Omaha, Nebraska, one of four children of <mask>. and Janet Venditte. <mask>. played college baseball as a catcher. Though his son is naturally right-handed, <mask>. trained his son to throw with both arms to give his son an edge in athletic competitions. Toward this end, the Venditte backyard included astroturf, a batting cage, a radar gun, and a pitching machine. In addition to training both arms from a young age, <mask>. practiced punting footballs with both legs to establish the leg motion needed when pitching with each arm. Venditte used both arms when playing in Little League, which sometimes caused him to be confused for twins.Venditte attended Omaha Central High School. He had a 15–4 win–loss record during his senior year, earning All-Nebraska second-team honors. College career
Venditte joined the Creighton Bluejays in 2005 as a walk-on.

masks:
Patrick Michael Venditte Jr
Venditte
Venditte
Pat Venditte
Pat Jr
Pat Sr
Pat Sr
Pat Sr
Pat Jr


texts: Creighton head coach Ed Servais did not allow Venditte to pitch with both arms during his five appearances his freshman year, fearing the spectacle would become a "circus". Starting with his sophomore season, Venditte regularly used both arms in collegiate play; he posted a 3.02 earned run average (ERA) in  innings pitched. After the season, he played collegiate summer baseball for the Quincy Gems of the Central Illinois Collegiate League. In his junior year, Venditte appeared in 36 of Creighton's 58 games before appearing in the 2007 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament.His opponents batting average (OBA) of .185 was the fourth-best in the nation, and he posted a 1.85 ERA. At one point during the season, Venditte had a streak of  scoreless innings. On May 28, 2007, Collegiate Baseball named Venditte the national player of the week. For the season, Venditte earned first-team All-Conference honors for the Missouri Valley Conference and was named Most Valuable Player of the conference tournament, in which Creighton won its first conference championship. He was named to the All-American third team for the 2007 season. Venditte was also voted Midwest Region Pitcher of the Year by online pitching magazine InsidePitching.com. After the season, he played collegiate summer baseball for the Wisconsin Woodchucks in the Northwoods League.As the Woodchucks' closer, he had a 4–1 record, 9 saves, a 1.76 ERA, and a .154 opponents' batting average. On June 8, 2007, the New York Yankees selected <mask> in the 45th round of the 2007 Major League Baseball draft with the 1,345th overall pick. <mask> was surprised by the pick, because he had told all major league scouts that he intended to return to Creighton for his senior year. The Yankees called him during the 30th round of the draft, asking him how much it would take to sign him, but Venditte refused to set a price. Ultimately, the Yankees were unable to sign

masks: Venditte Venditte


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 <mask> before the August 15, 2007, signing deadline. <mask> said that he was not quite ready to turn professional and wanted to build velocity with his left arm and add another pitch with his right. <mask> was once again drafted by the Yankees in the 2008 Major League Baseball draft, this time in the 20th round with the 620th overall pick, and this time, he decided to sign.Professional career

New York Yankees

His initial assignment was to the Staten Island Yankees of the Class-A Short-Season New York–Penn League. On June 19, 2008, in his first minor league appearance with Staten Island against the Brooklyn Cyclones, Venditte pitched a scoreless ninth inning for a Yankees win. While facing the last Cyclone batter, Ralph Henriquez, a switch-hitter, a rules crisis emerged. When Henriquez chose to bat left- or right-handed, Venditte subsequently chose to pitch with the same hand. Henriquez then went to the other side of the plate to regain the advantage. After this had happened several times, the teams appealed to the umpiring crew, which ruled that the batter must first select from which side of the plate he intended to hit, and that the pitcher would then be allowed to declare with which arm he would pitch. (The Venditte Rule, adopted several weeks later by the umpires' association, would make the opposite determination and preserve the traditional right of a switch-hitter to choose an opposite-handed match-up.)Venditte subsequently struck out Henriquez, who slammed his bat against the dirt, to end the game. A film of the incident received notoriety on the Internet and the tale was recounted in a number of places, including within the baseball compendium Rollie's Follies. Venditte completed the 2008 season with 23 saves in 30 appearances with a 0.83 ERA. His performance earned him a spot on the New York–Penn League All-Star team and the Minor League Baseball Yearly Award for Best Short-Season

masks: Venditte Venditte Venditte


texts: Reliever. For the 2009 season, he was assigned to the Charleston RiverDogs of the Class A South Atlantic League. He was promoted to the Tampa Yankees of the Class A-Advanced Florida State League on June 26, 2009. He finished the regular season with a 2.21 ERA and 2 saves in 21 appearances.In October, Venditte pitched for Águilas del Zulia in the Venezuelan Winter League. Venditte pitched for the Yankees in a spring training game against the Atlanta Braves on March 30, 2010, giving up one earned run on two hits and a walk in  innings. He started the 2010 season in Tampa, posting a 1.73 ERA through  innings in 41 appearances. On August 31, 2010 <mask> was promoted to the Trenton Thunder of the Class-AA Eastern League. Venditte pitched to a 3.41 ERA in 51 appearances with Trenton in 2011. Though Venditte was eligible to be selected in the Rule 5 draft during the 2011–12 offseason, the Yankees chose not to protect him. However, he was not chosen by any MLB team.During the 2011–12 offseason, Venditte pitched in the Mexican Pacific League. <mask> was promoted to the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees of the Class-AAA International League for Opening Day in 2012. He suffered a torn labrum in his right shoulder. He spent most of the 2013 season rehabilitating his shoulder, while also pitching exclusively with his left arm. He pitched for the Italian national baseball team in the 2013 World Baseball Classic, and for Trenton in the 2013 postseason. He then pitched in the Mexican Pacific League over the winter, and struggled. The Yankees did not invite Venditte to spring training in 2014.Though Venditte had excellent minor league numbers, he was not considered a top prospect because of his age and, scouts believed, underwhelming fastball velocity. He started the 2014 season with Trenton, but was called up again to Scranton/Wilkes-Barre after a month, in which he pitched to a 0.82 ERA and 0.73 walks plus hits


texts:
 per inning pitched ratio in 22 innings. In his first outing after the promotion, he struck out all five batters that he faced, three throwing left-handed and two throwing right-handed. Oakland Athletics
After the 2014 season, Venditte became a free agent. During the offseason, he signed a minor league contract with the Oakland Athletics, receiving an invitation to spring training in 2015. Venditte began the 2015 season with the Nashville Sounds of the Class AAA Pacific Coast League (PCL). He pitched to a 1.36 ERA with 33 strikeouts in 17 games for Nashville before he was promoted to the Athletics for his first major-league stint on June 5.He pitched two scoreless innings, and got his first strikeout in his major league debut. The East Oregonian a newspaper published in Pendleton, Oregon mistakenly described the ambidextrous Venditte's first MLB appearance as "Amphibious Pitcher Makes Debut". The mistake was widely reported humorously in the national popular press. Venditte pitched in four games, not allowing a run in  innings pitched, before he strained his right shoulder and the Athletics placed Venditte on the disabled list on June 12. <mask> was reactivated by the A's on August 3, 2015 and optioned to AAA Nashville. He was recalled to the A's on August 15 and earned his first major league win on August 30. Overall, <mask> posted an ERA of 4.40 in 26 games for Oakland in 2015.Toronto Blue Jays
On October 19, 2015, <mask> was claimed off waivers by the Toronto Blue Jays. He was assigned to the Buffalo Bisons of the International League to start the 2016 season, and was recalled by the Blue Jays on April 13 after Arnold León was designated for assignment. <mask> made his Blue Jays debut on April 13, 2016 against the New York Yankees, pitching one scoreless inning to finish a 7–2 Blue Jays win. On April 27, he was optioned back to Triple-A. <mask> was recalled on May 17, and sent back on May

masks: Venditte Venditte Venditte Venditte Venditte


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 25. On June 7, <mask> was recalled once again. Overall, Venditte posted an ERA of 5.19 in 8 games for Toronto in 2016.Seattle Mariners
On August 6, 2016, <mask> was traded to the Seattle Mariners for a player to be named later (Tim Lopes). He was optioned to the Tacoma Rainiers of the PCL on August 6, and was recalled on August 27. The Mariners outrighted <mask> off of the 40-man roster to Tacoma after the season. Philadelphia Phillies
On March 12, 2017, the Mariners traded <mask> to the Philadelphia Phillies in exchange for minor league player Joey Curletta. He spent the 2017 season with the Lehigh Valley IronPigs of the International League, and elected free agency on November 6, 2017. Los Angeles Dodgers
On November 27, 2017, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers. After beginning the 2018 season with the Oklahoma City Dodgers of the PCL, he was called up to the majors on May 12.He was selected to represent the PCL at the Triple-A All-Star Game. He was designated for assignment by the Dodgers on November 28. San Francisco Giants
Venditte signed a one-year, $585,000, contract with the San Francisco Giants on December 21, 2018. On May 7, 2019, Venditte was placed on waivers, and on May 12, cleared waivers and reported to Sacramento of the Pacific Coast League. He missed almost two months of the season while his wife, Erin, recovered from a brain hemorrhage. He elected free agency on October 4, 2019. Miami Marlins
On January 6, 2020 Venditte signed a minor league contract with the Miami Marlins, with an invitation to spring training.Venditte elected free agency on July 14, 2020. He re-signed a minor league deal on August 5, 2020. His contract was selected by the Marlins on August 8, 2020. He appeared in three games for the Marlins that year and pitched  scoreless innings. <mask> was outrighted off of the 40-man roster on October 29, 2020. After receiving little

masks: Venditte Venditte Venditte Venditte Venditte Venditte


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 interest from teams after becoming a free agent, Venditte "stepped away from the game" in the spring of 2021. Pitching style
When using his right arm, Venditte used to deliver over the top and could throw a slider and curveball, as well as a fastball at around  that topped out at .His left-handed delivery is side-armed in which he throws a slider and a fastball that reaches the low-to-mid 80s. Following Venditte's 2012 surgery on his right shoulder, <mask> worked with him on a right-handed sidearm delivery. Although the injury slowed his right arm, Venditte's delivery is now almost identical from either side having lost the big overhand curveball, and observers have mistaken him for identical twins because he warms up one hand with the starting pitchers and the other with the relievers. Venditte is only ambidextrous when pitching. Despite batting left-handed, he is exclusively right-handed when performing tasks such as swinging a golf club, writing, or eating. Venditte generally pitches with his right arm against right-handed batters and left-handed against left-handed batters, which minimizes his opponent's advantage when strategically ordering batters in the line-up based on which side of the plate they hit from. Mizuno has custom-made six-fingered gloves for Venditte since the age of seven with a thumb-hole on each side, allowing him to easily switch back and forth.By splitting his pitches between his arms, he is able to pitch longer than traditional pitchers before becoming fatigued; In 2015, ESPN speculated that Venditte "has quite possibly thrown more baseballs than any other man his age in history because he's had twice as many arms with which to throw them". The Pat Venditte Rule
Venditte's rare ambidextrous abilities prompted the Professional Baseball Umpire Corporation (PBUC) to issue a new rule for dealing with ambidextrous pitchers, limiting the number of times that a


texts:
 switch-pitcher and switch-hitter can change sides during one at-bat. After consulting with a variety of sources, including the Major League Baseball Rules Committee, the PBUC issued its new guidelines on July 3, 2008. OBR Rule 5.07(f), known as the "Pat Venditte Rule", currently reads:

Both NCAA and the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) have adopted similar rules, being NCAA rule 9-2k and NFHS rule 6–1–1. Personal life
Venditte is married to Erin, whom he met while they were both enrolled at Creighton. Erin is Jake Pearl’s sister. They reside in Omaha during the offseason.See also

Greg A. Harris, the only other switch-pitcher in Major League Baseball's modern era
Tony Mullane, a dead-ball-era pitcher who routinely switch-pitched

References

External links

E:60 Pat Venditte
Pat Venditte – MiLB statistics

1985 births
Águilas de Mexicali players
American expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Águilas del Zulia players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
American sportspeople of Italian descent
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Baseball players from Nebraska
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Cañeros de Los Mochis players
Charleston RiverDogs players
Creighton Bluejays baseball players
Gulf Coast Yankees players
Living people
Lehigh Valley IronPigs players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Miami Marlins players
Nashville Sounds players
Oakland Athletics players
San Francisco Giants players
Seattle Mariners players
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders players
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees players
Sportspeople from Omaha, Nebraska
Staten Island Yankees players
Stockton Ports players
Tacoma Rainiers players
Tampa Yankees players
Toronto Blue Jays players
Trenton Thunder players
2013 World Baseball Classic players
2017 World Baseball Classic players
Oklahoma City Dodgers players
Sacramento River Cats players
Omaha


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<mask>  (October 15, 1908 – April 29, 2006), also known as <mask>, was a Canadian-American economist, diplomat, public official, and intellectual. His books on economic topics were bestsellers from the 1950s through the 2000s. As an economist, he leaned toward post-Keynesian economics from an institutionalist perspective. <mask> was a long-time Harvard faculty member and stayed with Harvard University for half a century as a professor of economics. He was a prolific author and wrote four dozen books, including several novels, and published more than a thousand articles and essays on various subjects. Among his works was a trilogy on economics, American Capitalism (1952), The Affluent Society (1958), and The New Industrial State (1967). Some of his work has been criticized by economists Milton Friedman, Paul Krugman, Robert Solow, and Thomas Sowell.<mask> was active in Democratic Party politics, serving in the administrations of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S. Truman, <mask>. Kennedy, and Lyndon B<mask>. He served as United States Ambassador to India under the Kennedy administration. His political activism, literary output and outspokenness brought him wide fame during his lifetime. <mask> was one of the few to receive both the World War II Medal of Freedom (1946) and the Presidential Medal of Freedom (2000) for his public service and contributions to science. The government of France made him a Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur. Life

Early life
<mask> was born on October 15, 1908, to Canadians of Scottish descent, Sarah Catherine (Kendall) and Archibald "Archie<mask>, in Iona Station, Ontario, Canada, and was raised in Dunwich Township, Ontario. He had three siblings: Alice, Catherine, and Archibald William

masks:
John Kenneth Galbraith
Ken Galbraith
Galbraith
Galbraith
John F
. Johnson
Galbraith
Galbraith
" Galbraith


texts: (Bill).By the time he was a teenager, he had adopted the name Ken, and later disliked being called <mask>. Galbraith grew to be a very tall man, attaining a height of . His father was a farmer and school teacher. His mother, a homemaker and a community activist, died when he was fourteen years old. The family farm was located on Thomson Line. Both of his parents were supporters of the United Farmers of Ontario in the 1920s. His early years were spent at a one-room school which is still standing, on 9468 Willey Road, in Iona Station.Later, he went to Dutton High School and St. Thomas High School. In 1931, Galbraith graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Agriculture from the Ontario Agricultural College, which was then an associate agricultural college of the University of Toronto. He majored in animal husbandry. He was awarded a Giannini Scholarship in Agricultural Economics (receiving $60 per month) that allowed him to travel to Berkeley, California, where he received masters and Doctor of Philosophy degrees in agricultural economics from the University of California, Berkeley. Galbraith was taught economics by Professor George Martin Peterson, and together they wrote an economics paper titled "The Concept of Marginal Land" in 1932 that was published in the American Journal of Agricultural Economics. After graduation in 1934, he started to work as an instructor at Harvard University. Galbraith taught intermittently at Harvard in the period 1934 to 1939.From 1939 to 1940, he taught at Princeton University. In 1937, he became a citizen of the United States and was no longer a British subject. In the same year, he took a year-long fellowship at the University of Cambridge, England, where he was influenced by


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 <mask> Keynes. He then traveled in Europe for several months in 1938, attending an international economic conference and developing his ideas. He served for a few months in summer 1934 in the U.S. Department of Agriculture. As a Harvard teacher in 1938 he was given charge of a research project for the National Resources Planning Board. From 1943 until 1948, he served as an editor of Fortune magazine.In 1949, he was appointed professor of economics at Harvard. He also taught at the Harvard Extension School. World War II
The United States went into WWII with an economy still not fully recovered from the Great Depression. Because wartime production needs mandated large budget deficits and an accommodating monetary policy, inflation and a runaway wage-price spiral were seen as likely. As a part of a team charged with keeping inflation from crippling the war effort, Galbraith served as a deputy head of the Office of Price Administration (OPA) during World War II in 1941–1943. The OPA directed the process of stabilization of prices and rents. On May 11, 1941, President Roosevelt created the Office of Price Administration and Civilian Supply (OPACS).On August 28, 1941, it became the Office of Price Administration (OPA). After the US entered the war in December 1941, OPA was tasked with rationing and price controls. The Emergency Price Control Act passed on January 30, 1942, legitimized the OPA as a separate federal agency. It merged OPA with two other agencies: Consumer Protection Division and Price Stabilization Division of the Advisory Commission to the Council of National Defense. The council was referred to as the National Defense Advisory Commission (NDAC), and was created on May 29, 1940. NDAC emphasized


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 voluntary and advisory methods in keeping prices low. Leon Henderson, the NDAC commissioner for price stabilization, became the head of OPACS and of OPA in 1941–1942.He oversaw a mandatory and vigorous price regulation that started in May 1942 after OPA introduced the General Maximum Price Regulation (GMPR). It was heavily criticized by the business community. In response, OPA mobilized the public on behalf of the new guidelines and said that it reduced the options for those who were seeking higher rents or prices. OPA had its own Enforcement Division, which documented the rising tide of violations: quarter million in 1943 and more than 300,000 during the next year. Historians and economists differ over the assessment of the OPA activities, which started with six people, but then grew to 15,000 staffers. Some of them point to the fact that price increases were relatively lower than during the First World War, and that the overall economy grew faster. Steven Pressman, for example, wrote that "when the controls were removed there was only a small increase in prices, thereby demonstrating that inflationary pressures were actively managed and not just kept temporarily under control."<mask> said in an interview that he considered his work at the OPA as his major life achievement, since prices were relatively stable during WWII. The role of the OPA, however, as well as the whole legacy of the US government wartime economic stabilization measures from a long-term perspective, remains debated. Richard Parker, who earlier had written a well regarded biography of <mask> had this to say about <mask>'s efforts during the war:

[H]e had first gone to work in the nation's capital in 1934 as a 25-year-old, fresh out of

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texts: graduate school and just about to join the Harvard faculty as a young instructor. He had returned to Washington in mid-1940, after Paris fell to the Germans, initially to help ready the nation for war. Eighteen months later, after Pearl Harbor, he was then appointed to oversee the wartime economy as "price czar," charged with preventing inflation and corrupt price-gouging from devastating the economy as it swelled to produce the weapons and materiel needed to guarantee victory against fascism. In this, he and his colleagues at the Office of Price Administration had been stunningly successful, guiding an economy that quadrupled in size in less than five years without fanning the inflation that had haunted World War I, or leaving behind an unbalanced post-war collapse of the kind that had done such grievous damage to Europe in the 1920s. Opposition to the OPA came from conservatives in Congress and the business community.It undercut <mask> and he was forced out in May 1943, accused of "communistic tendencies". He was promptly hired by Henry Luce, a conservative Republican and a dominant figure in American media as publisher of Time and Fortune magazines. <mask> worked for Luce for five years and expounded Keynesianism to the American business leadership. Luce allegedly said to President Kennedy, "I taught Galbraith how to write—and have regretted it ever since." <mask> saw his role as educating the entire nation on how the economy worked, including the role of big corporations. He was combining his writing with numerous speeches to business groups and local Democratic party meetings, as well as frequently testifying before Congress. During the late stages of WWII in 1945, <mask> was invited by Paul Nitze to

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 serve as one of the directors of the Strategic Bombing Survey, initiated by the Office of Strategic Services.It was designed to assess the results of the aerial bombardments of Nazi Germany. Galbraith contributed to the survey's unconventional conclusion about general ineffectiveness of strategic bombing in stopping the war production in Germany, which went up instead. The conclusion created a controversy, with Nitze siding with the Pentagon officials, who declared the opposite. Reluctant to modify the survey's results, Galbraith described the willingness of public servants and institutions to bend the truth to please the Pentagon as the "Pentagonania syndrome". Postwar
In February 1946, <mask> took a leave of absence from his magazine work for a senior position in the State Department as director of the Office of Economic Security Policy where he was nominally in charge of economic affairs regarding Germany, Japan, Austria, and South Korea. Distrusted by senior diplomats, he was relegated to routine work, with few opportunities to make policy. Galbraith favored détente with the Soviet Union, along with Secretary of State James F. Byrnes and General Lucius D. Clay, a military governor of the US Zone in Germany from 1947 to 1949, but they were out of step with the containment policy then being developed by George Kennan and favored by the majority of the US major policymakers.After a disconcerting half-year, Galbraith resigned in September 1946 and went back to his magazine writing on economics issues. Later, he immortalized his frustration with "the ways of Foggy Bottom" in a satirical novel, The Triumph (1968). The postwar period also was memorable for Galbraith because of his work, along with Eleanor


texts: Roosevelt and Hubert Humphrey, to establish a progressive policy organization Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) in support of the cause of economic and social justice in 1947. In 1952, <mask>'s friends Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. and George Ball recruited him to work as a speechwriter for the Democratic candidate, Adlai Stevenson. The involvement of several intellectuals from the ADA in the Stevenson campaign attracted controversy as the Republican Senator Joseph McCarthy accused the ADA intellectuals as being "tainted" by "well documented Red associations"; Galbraith later said one of his regrets was that McCarthy failed to condemn him as one of Stevenson's "red" advisers. During his time as an adviser to President <mask>. Kennedy, Galbraith was appointed United States Ambassador to India from 1961 to 1963. His rapport with President Kennedy was such that he regularly bypassed the State Department and sent his diplomatic cables directly to the president.<mask> disliked his superior, the Secretary of State, Dean Rusk, writing to Kennedy that trying to communicate via Rusk was "like trying to fornicate through a mattress". In India, he became a confidant of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and extensively advised the Indian government on economic matters. India was considered by Kennedy to be important not just in its own right, but also because an Indian diplomat always served as the chief commissioner of the International Control Commission (ICC), and thus in this way, <mask> came to be involved in American policy towards Southeast Asia from his perch as an ambassador in New Delhi. In 1961, when Kennedy considered intervening in the civil war in Laos, <mask> strongly advised him not to, warning him that the

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texts: disaster of the Bay of Pigs invasion had been caused by Kennedy taking the advice offered by the hawkish Joint Chiefs of Staff who had assured him that the invasion could not fail and were now saying the same about the proposed intervention in Laos. <mask> also noted that the ICC was also responsible for Laos as well as the two Vietnams, and he had Nehru's word that the Indian diplomats on the ICC were willing to serve as honest brokers for a peace deal to make Laos neutral in the Cold War. In May 1961, the Indian ICC members had been able to broker a ceasefire in Laos and Kennedy decided to go for the neutralization option instead of war. During the talks in Geneva to discuss a solution to the Lao crisis, the chief American delegate, W. Averell Harriman, discovered the Chinese foreign minister, Chen Yi, was willing to meet him in private.However, Rusk forbade Harriman to talk to Chen under any conditions, fearful of Republican attacks against the Democrat Kennedy if the meetings should come out to the media, causing Harriman to explode in rage that in World War Two, Roosevelt had allowed him to meet whoever was necessary. Unable to change Rusk's mind, Harriman appealed to <mask> who in his turn appealed to Kennedy. Kennedy granted permission for Harriman to meet Chen, provided that it was done under the strictest secrecy, but by that time, Chen had returned to Beijing. In May 1961, when Vice President <mask> visited India, Galbraith had the duty of escorting him around various sites in India and attempting to explain some of his Texas mannerisms such as his shouts of "yee-hah!" that he made when he saw the Taj Mahal, which confused the Indians. From the embassy in New Delhi, <mask> emerged as a critic about

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texts: the increasing American involvement in Vietnam. In November 1961, Galbraith visited South Vietnam, where he presented an unflattering picture of the regime of President Ngo Dinh Diem saying "we are now married to failure" and advised finding a new South Vietnamese leader, saying "nothing succeeds like successors".In May 1962, <mask> cabled Kennedy, stating that according to the most recent statements made by the Defense Secretary Robert McNamara, President Diem of South Vietnam had about 170,000 men under arms at present, while claiming that his country was in major danger from 20,000 lightly armed Viet Cong guerrillas. Galbraith proceeded to do a statistical comparison, under he which calculated that in proportional terms, Diem had an army that was approximately the ratio to the population that was equivalent to that of the U.S Army to the American people after the Civil War, while the Viet Cong had a ratio equivalent to that of the Sioux vs the American people, leading <mask> to sarcastically ask why Diem needed more American support. He concluded his cable to Kennedy: "Incidentally, who is the man in your administration who decides what countries are strategic? I would like to have his name and address and ask him what is so important about this real estate in the Space Age". In January 1963, when the Polish Foreign Minister Adam Rapacki visited New Delhi, <mask> met with him to declare to him his "despair" about Kennedy's Vietnam policies and to ask that Poland as one of the three members of the ICC try help find a diplomatic solution to the Vietnam war. <mask> told Rapacki that he favored an agreement to neutralize the two Vietnams similar to the neutralization agreement signed for Laos in 1962. On 5


texts: February 1963 Przemysław Ogrodziński, the Polish ambassador in New Delhi, was ordered by his superiors in Warsaw: "As far as the Vietnam matter, we are discussing it.It was received with interest. Deliberations will continue. As for now, we suggest inviting Galbraith to lunch and sounding [him] out, without committing ourselves, in order for him to see that we are looking into this matter". Although Galbraith had acted on his own in approaching Rapacki, he had some support from Kennedy, who told him "to pursue the subject immediately." This was the origin of the "Maneli affair", named after Mieczysław Maneli, the Polish Commissioner to the ICC who, together with Ramchundur Goburdhun, the Indian Commissioner on the ICC, approached leaders in both North and South Vietnam with a proposal to make both Vietnams neutral in the Cold War. On 1 April 1963, Galbraith flew to Washington to discuss the peace proposal with Kennedy, where he was told by the president "to be prepared to seize upon any favorable moment to reduce our commitment [in Vietnam]", though it "might yet be some time away." In September 1963, Maneli met with Ngô Đình Nhu, the younger brother and right-hand man of President Diem, to discuss neutralization, a meeting that was leaked to the right-wing American columnist Joseph Alsop.At that point Kennedy lost interest in the "Maneli affair", instead deciding to back an alternative option he had been considering since August:  a coup against the Ngo brothers. While in India, he helped establish one of the first computer science departments, at the Indian Institute of Technology in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. (Even after leaving office, <mask> remained a friend and supporter of India.) Because of his


texts: recommendation, First Lady of the United States Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy undertook her 1962 diplomatic missions in India and Pakistan. After leaving the American embassy in India, <mask> continued to advise <mask>, now president, against escalating American involvement in Vietnam. In 1965, he advised <mask> that he should "instruct officials and spokesmen to stop saying the future of mankind, the United States, and human liberty is being decided in Vietnam. It isn't; this merely builds up a difficult problem out of all proportion.It is also terrible politics". During the 1966 Buddhist crisis in South Vietnam, <mask> wrote <mask> a letter on 3 April saying he now had "an opportunity only the God-fearing deserve and only the extremely lucky get", saying that if the government of Air Marshal Nguyễn Cao Kỳ should fall, <mask> should use the occasion to pull all Americans out of Vietnam. On 16 June 1966, <mask> offered to write <mask> a speech that would set out an orderly withdrawal of American forces over the next year. Galbraith advised <mask> the beginning of the "Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution" in China represented an opportunity for a diplomatic settlement of the Vietnam war, predicting that Mao Zedong would lose interest in Vietnam now that he had launched his Cultural Revolution. The National Security Adviser, W.W. Rostow, wrote the reply to <mask> that was signed by <mask>, curtly declaring: "I have never doubted your talent for political craftsmanship, and I am sure you could devise a script that would appear to justify our taking an unjustifiable course in South Vietnam". On 28 June 1966, Galbraith made his final attempt to change <mask>'s mind, warning that the Vietnam War would ruin his

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texts: presidency and that he should stop taking the advice of Rostow. <mask> stated that <mask> had the potential to be one of the greatest presidents if only he find a way out of Vietnam, and concluded: "The people who want to invest more and more in this war have nothing to lose.They will end up working for a foundation". In 1966, when he was no longer ambassador, he told the United States Senate that one of the main causes of the 1965 Kashmir war was American military aid to Pakistan. In early 1968, Galbraith endorsed Senator Eugene McCarthy, who ran against <mask> on an anti-war platform. During the New Hampshire Democratic primary, Galbraith toured the Granite State, giving pro-McCarthy speeches in churches, union halls, campuses and house parties. As McCarthy had the reputation of being strange and frivolous, Galbraith's support and campaigning for him was important, as McCarthy needed the endorsement of mainstream figures to give him credibility. When the New Hampshire Democratic primary was held on 12 March 1968, <mask> defeated McCarthy by only about 300 votes, a humiliation for an incumbent president with a well funded campaign running against a senator widely considered to be too eccentric to be president, and who had only a fraction of the campaign money that <mask> had. Through <mask> won the primary, the very narrow margin of his victory was widely considered to be a defeat.On the night of the primary, <mask> celebrated the result at McCarthy campaign headquarters as if it were an outright victory. The day after the New Hampshire primary, <mask> was widely cheered by his students when he entered his lecture hall at Harvard. The results of the New Hampshire primary showed that <mask> was vulnerable. On

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texts: 16 March 1968, Senator Robert F. Kennedy announced he was entering the presidential race. Kennedy asked <mask> to withdraw his endorsement of McCarthy and to endorse him instead, a request that <mask> refused. The historian Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., who campaigned with <mask> in New Hampshire for McCarthy, switched his support to Kennedy, on the grounds that Kennedy was a far more electable candidate than the eccentric McCarthy, a man most people found to be too silly to be president. Schlesinger strongly urged <mask> to support Kennedy, but Galbraith chose to continue to campaign for McCarthy, partly because McCarthy's liberalism was closer to his own politics, and partly out of a personal revulsion for Kennedy, who had only opportunistically entered the presidential race when it became clear that <mask> was not  invincible.Galbraith had been friends with <mask>, but his relations with Robert were more difficult, as Galbraith found Robert too rigid, utterly convinced that he was always right. Galbraith later said that with Robert Kennedy "You were either for the cause or against it, with the Kennedys or a leper". After Kennedy was assassinated, McCarthy became so depressed that he almost dropped out of the election, and Galbraith visited several times to urge him to continue, through Galbraith later admitted "...I don't believe Eugene McCarthy's heart was ever wholly in the battle". At the chaotic and violent Democratic National Convention in August 1968 in Chicago, Galbraith attended as the floor manager for the McCarthy campaign. Amid what was later called a "police riot", as the Chicago police fought in the streets with anti-Vietnam war protesters, Galbraith held an impromptu speech outside the Hilton

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texts: Hotel before a group of demonstrators, urging them to reject violence and to have patience, while assuring them that the American system was capable of reform and change. Galbraith pointed to the armed Illinois National Guardsmen standing in the background and said that they, unlike the Chicago police, were not the enemy, as he maintained that most of the young men who joined the Illinois National Guard had only done so to avoid being drafted to fight in Vietnam. After finishing his speech, a National Guard sergeant approached Galbraith, who froze up in fear as he believed he was about to be arrested.Instead the sergeant wanted to shake hands, saying: "Thank you, sir. That was the first nice thing anyone has said about us all week". At the convention, supporters of <mask> challenged <mask>'s right to serve as a delegate, and sought to expel him from the building. <mask> quarreled with <mask> supporters on the convention floor as he sought to add a peace plank to the Democratic platform, which <mask> saw as an insult to himself, and ordered the delegates to reject. The Mayor of Chicago, Richard Daley, a <mask> supporter, had imposed such stringent security conditions that it was impossible to walk across the convention hall without jostling somebody else, which added to the tension of the convention as pro-war and anti-war Democrats fiercely argued about the platform, all of which was captured live on national television. Adding to the tension were televisions on the convention floor that showed what was happening outside, as the Chicago police attacked and beat anti-war demonstrators. On Daley's orders, the Chicago police searched <mask>'s room at the Hilton hotel, alleging that he was hiding anti-war

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 protesters.None were found. After Vice President Hubert Humphrey won the Democratic nomination, Galbraith reluctantly endorsed Humphrey as preferable to the Republican candidate, Richard Nixon. In autumn 1972, <mask> was an adviser and assistant to Nixon's rival candidate, Senator George McGovern, in the election campaign for the American presidency. During this time (September 1972) he travelled to China in his role as president of the American Economic Association (AEA) at the invitation of Mao Zedong's communist government, together with fellow economists Wassily Leontief and James Tobin. In 1973 Galraith published an account of his experiences in A China Passage. <mask> wrote that there was "no serious doubt that China is devising a highly effective economic system," "[d]issidents are brought firmly into line in China, but, one suspects, with great politeness," and "Greater Shanghai ... has a better medical service than New York,". He considered it not implausible that Chinese industrial and agricultural output was expanding annually at a rate of 10 to 11%.Later life and recognition
In 1972 he served as president of the American Economic Association. The Journal of Post Keynesian Economics benefited from <mask>'s support and he served as the chairman of its board from its beginning. During the shooting of The World at War, a British television documentary series (1973–74), <mask> described his experiences in the Roosevelt war administration. Among other things, he spoke about the initial confusion during the first meeting of the major departmental leaders about kapok and its use. Galbraith also talked about rationing and especially about trickery during fuel allocation. In December 1977, he met the


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 Palauan senator Roman Tmetuchl and eventually became an unpaid adviser to the Palau Political Status Commission. He advocated for minimal financial requirement and infrastructure projects.In 1979 he addressed Palau's legislature and participated in a seminar for the delegates to the Palau Constitutional Convention. He became the first person to earn honorary citizenship of Palau. In 1984, he visited the USSR, writing that the Soviet economy had made "great material progress" as, "in contrast to Western industrial economy," the USSR "makes full use of its manpower." In 1985, the American Humanist Association named him the Humanist of the Year. The Association for Asian Studies (AAS) conferred its 1987 Award for Distinguished Contributions to Asian Studies. In 1997 he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. In 2000 he was awarded the US Presidential Medal of Freedom.He also was awarded an honorary doctorate from Memorial University of Newfoundland at the fall convocation of 1999, another contribution to the impressive collection of approximately fifty academic honorary degrees bestowed upon Galbraith. In 2000, he was awarded the Leontief Prize for his outstanding contribution to economic theory by the Global Development and Environment Institute. The library in his hometown of Dutton, Ontario was renamed the John <mask>ith Reference Library in honor of his attachment to the library and his contributions to the new building. On April 29, 2006, <mask> died in Cambridge, Massachusetts, of natural causes at the age of 97, after a two-week stay in a hospital. He is interred at Indian Hill Cemetery in Middletown, Connecticut. Family
On September 17, 1937, Galbraith married Catherine Merriam Atwater, whom he met

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