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 logic, many-valued logic, paraconsistent logic, deontic logic, temporal logic, probability logic, fuzzy logic, and so on. Their number is unlimited. But none of them is specifically made for medical use. This logical pluralism in medicine parallels the mathematical pluralism in that innumerable mathematical theories are used in medicine as well without any of them being "the mathematics of medicine".So, there is no logic of medicine, Sadegh-Zadeh concludes, a logic that could be viewed or used as a specifically medical logic. Medical metaphysics
Medical metaphysics is primarily concerned with (i) medical ontology, (ii) medical truth, and (iii) the nature of medicine. (i) Medical ontology. Sadegh-Zadeh devotes himself extensively to pure, formal, and applied ontology to use them in his logical analysis of medical-ontological issues of medical knowledge, clinical practice, nosology, psychiatry, psychosomatics, and biomedicine such as, for example, whether diseases exist or are fictitious entities invented by nosologists and physicians, and whether particular other things such as genes, psyche, and schizophrenia exist or are mere myths. To settle these enduring controversies and similar ones in medicine, he first distinguishes between ontology de re and ontology de dicto. The distinction is based on a syntactic criterion similar to Barcan formula and enables differentiation between fictional entities such as Sherlock Holmes and real ones. Second, he inaugurates an intriguing fuzzy ontology by introducing a many-place existence operator and fuzzyfying this operator to obtain a quantitative concept of existence that he


type: original

texts: calls the Heraclitean operator.The Heraclitean operator ranges over the domain of all imaginable entities, including existent, non-existent, and fictitious ones, and over all possible frames of reference, a frame of reference being a particular language and a particular logic. As a result, an entity exists, does not exist, or is fictitious only to a particular extent in the unit interval [0, 1] with respect to a particular language and a particular logic. In this way, ontological stances such as realism, anti-realism, and fictionalism regarding whether something exists or not, become obsolete. For example, schizophrenia may exist with respect to Eugen Bleuler (1857–1939) and his followers' language and logic, while Thomas Szasz and his followers may view it as a myth with respect to their language and logic. The only remedy for irreconcilable ontological controversies of this and similar type is to care about one's unkempt language and logic, and to reach an agreement about which language and conceptual system and which logic should be used in a particular scientific discourse. Anyhow, medical language and its sublanguages as ill-structured and ill-kempt workaday languages are absolutely unsuitable for serious discourses. They allow their users too much latitude in interpretation."Change your language or logic, and you will see another world". His fuzzy ontology also includes a fuzzy mereology and mereotopology by means of which vague part-whole relationships, for example in anatomy, surgery and other medical fields, become logically tractable. In addition, he has developed a technique to bring to light the


texts:
 ontological commitments of any piece of medical knowledge so as to ascertain the ontological prerequisites of its satisfiability. He hopes to have paved the way thereby for a precise medical model theory in analogy to the mathematical one, which might enable sophisticated knowledge ontology in medicine and elsewhere, and thus, advanced medical epistemology. "In such a medical model theory, relationships between models of different items of medical knowledge, including theories, could be precisely analyzed". However, he is very skeptical about what has recently come to be known as biomedical ontology engineering in biomedical computer and information sciences. He does not regard this endeavor as ontology at all because it is actually concerned with vocabularies and terminologies confirming the slogan "ontology recapitulates philology".On page viii of his book Word and Object (paperback edition 1964), Willard Van Orman Quine attributes the sardonic slogan to James Grier Miller

(ii) On medical truth.After a thorough discussion of truth theories, Sadegh-Zadeh shows that there is sufficient evidence to support the assertion that medical truths are system-relative, and are produced within the respective health care systems themselves. They do not mirror or report scientifically discovered facts in the world out there which could be independent of the conceptual system from where they are viewed and judged. This problem not only concerns truth in medical sciences, but also truth in clinical practice. Specifically, he precisely explicates the concepts of diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and misdiagnosis to demonstrate


texts: that the truth and falsehood of all these outcomes of clinical decision-making are relative to the respective medical language and knowledge used, to methods of inquiry applied, to conceptual systems, vocabularies and terminologies constructed and proposed by scientific and professional communities, to regulations issued by health authorities, and to other factors in the health care system that impact on the actions and interactions of the diagnostic personnel. According to Sadegh-Zadeh, medical truth is made in medicine. (iii) On the nature of medicine. In his analytic philosophy of medicine, Sadegh-Zadeh places particular emphasis on the analysis of medicine as a scientific field.Abandoning widespread, shallow mono-categorizations such as "medicine is a science" versus "medicine is an art", he demonstrates that in declarations of the type "medicine is such and such", the global term "medicine" should be differentiated to acknowledge that medicine, comprising many heterogeneous disciplines, belongs to a large number of categories. For example, without doubt biomedicine is natural science; clinical research, however, is practical science; it is also normative ethics; clinical practice is practiced morality; and so on. What is worth noting, is that medicine is also a poietic science (from the Greek term ποίησις for "making, creating") that invents, designs, and produces medical devices in the widest sense of the term "making", from drugs to prosthetics to brain chips to artificial organs to artificial babies. Medicine is thus on its way to become an engineering science, conducted as health engineering and


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 anthropotechnology. Applied fuzzy logic
The application of fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic to biomedical subjects, clinical problems, and philosophical issues is one of Sadegh-Zadeh's main interests. Prominent among his achievements in this area is the reconstruction of biopolymers (such as nucleic acid chains DNA and RNA and polypeptide chains) as ordered fuzzy sets. This theory of fuzzy biopolymers has made biopolymers amenable to fuzzy set theory and logic and has proved very fruitful thereby to stimulate research interest in different teams.Other examples are (i) extensive application of fuzzy logic in his clinical praxiology and to problems of clinical decision-making; and (ii) fuzzification of deontics and ontology. Philosophy of technology
In his methodology of fuzzy concept formation, Sadegh-Zadeh has introduced a fuzzy concept of self-reproduction, termed quasiself-reproduction, that has enabled him to interpret the self-reproducing machines in a completely new way and to suggest a theory of technoevolution. There is something in the nature of technology, he says, that we, as human beings, cannot afford to ignore. It is the tendency of machines to join up and to work together to the effect that a larger machine emerges being more efficient and powerful than its parts. This peculiarity has led in the last centuries to the growth of a distributed, unique Global Machine, GM, which consists of the network of all machines on and around the earth. How this globalization of the machine could occur and what GM looks like, is reconstructed and explained in his theory. Comparable to the bioevolution of animal and


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 plant species, the technoevolution proceeds as a Darwinian one by quasiself-reproduction and selection.GM constitutes a subsystem of a hybrid hypercycle of two evolving partners, biosphere and technosphere, which due to the enormous dynamics of the hypercycle rapidly coevolve. On the part of the technosphere, the salient yield of the coevolution is the advancing mentalization of GM, a process that human beings misconceive as artificial intelligence constructed by them. But according to Sadegh-Zadeh's theory, this is only a myopic interpretation of the gradual, natural emergence of the intelligent and self-conscious  in the guise of a globally distributed machine. Selected publications
 Articles
 K. Sadegh-Zadeh, Fundamentals of clinical methodology: 1. Differential indication. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 1994; 6:83–102. K. Sadegh-Zadeh, Fundamentals of clinical methodology: 2.Etiology. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 1998; 12:227–270. K. Sadegh-Zadeh, Fundamentals of clinical methodology: 3. Nosology. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 1999; 17:87–108. K. Sadegh-Zadeh, Fundamentals of clinical methodology: 4. Diagnosis.Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 2000; 20:227–241. K. Sadegh-Zadeh, Fuzzy genomes. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 2000; 18:1–28. K. Sadegh-Zadeh, Fuzzy health, illness, and disease. The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 2000; 25:605–638. K. Sadegh-Zadeh, The Fuzzy Revolution: Goodbye to the Aristotelian Weltanschauung. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 2001; 21:1–25.K. Sadegh-Zadeh, The fuzzy polynucleotide space revisited. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 2007;


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 20:227–241. K. Sadegh-Zadeh, The prototype resemblance theory of disease. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 2008; 33:106–139. K. Sadegh-Zadeh, Die Medizin ist eine deontische Disziplin. Angewandte Philosophie, eine internationale Zeitschrift. 2015; 2:10–23.Books
 K. Sadegh-Zadeh (as K.S. Zadeh), Man is a Hose (in German: Der Mensch ist ein Schlauch). Tecklenburg / Germany: Burgverlag, 1988. K. Sadegh-Zadeh, When Man Forgot How to Think: The Emergence of Machina Sapiens (in German: Als der Mensch das Denken verlernte. Die Entstehung der Machina sapiens). Tecklenburg / Germany: Burgverlag, 2000. K. Sadegh-Zadeh, Handbook of Analytic Philosophy of Medicine'', 2nd edition.Dordrecht / Holland: Springer, 2015. (1st ed., 2012.) References

External links
 Sadegh-Zadeh's Homepage
 A list of his publications

 His Handbook of Analytic Philosophy of Medicine
 The first journal he founded 1977
 The second journal he founded 1989

1942 births
Living people
20th-century German philosophers
21st-century German philosophers
20th-century German physicians
Iranian emigrants to Germany
University of Münster faculty
Iranian Azerbaijani philosophers
Philosophers of medicine
Iranian Azerbaijani physicians
University of Göttingen alumni
People from


texts: Hans-<mask> (born 10 June 1965, in Gehrden, Lower Saxony) is a German cultural manager. From 1997 to 2007, he was Artistic Director of Operations and Director of Opera (from 2003) at the Semperoper in Dresden from 2007 to 2010 and general director at the Theater Bremen. In January 2013 he was responsible in the European Capital of Culture in Linz as a board director and artistic director of Liva, where he was also on the Bruckner House, the International Bruckner Festival and the clouds of sound. Since 2006, he is also a founder and the first Chairman and Artistic Director of the Semper Opernball in Dresden. Moreover, he is often culturally engaged, such as in vocal and instrumental competitions as well as in cultural studies organizations as well as artistic director of the Dresden Opera Ball. <mask> is the nephew of Armin Mueller-Stahl. He attended school in the capital of Lower Saxony, Hanover.From the seventh to the twentieth year he received piano lessons and at the age of eight he joined the Hanover Boys' Choir at, where he served for ten years. In addition, he took six years of teaching in the church organ, which he finished with the completion of the C-organist examination. In 1984, he graduated from high school in his hometown. Subsequently, he did his military service from where he was employed as a driver, secretary and organist of the military vicar. After this he started at the University of Music and Theatre in Hamburg trained as an opera singer, alternating between the voice types of tenor and baritone. At the urging of his father, for whom the profession of opera singer was too uncertain, he took courses of study as a musical theater directorhttps://www.t-artsoby.com/collections/wall-art. By the end of 1989 he started a collaboration with the Hamburg State Opera as a study project, the operetta Die Fledermaus by Johann Strauss, for which he won numerous sponsors.He subsequently

masks:
Joachim Frey
Frey


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 enrolled in the new university course for management culture. During his studies he worked as an opera singer at various theaters and concerts. He was also assistant director, including Hamburg and Stockholm, and brought five more of its own productions at studio theaters in Rostock and Detmold on the stage. In 1990 he received from Götz Friedrich he graduated as a director (musical theater), and three years later the diploma as a cultural manager at Rough Hermann and Peter Ruzicka. Early theater work

After graduating <mask> worked since 1993 as Artistic Director of Operations at the Thuringian State Theatre in Eisenach in 1995 and then held the same position at the Theater Bremen. Time in Dresden

In May 1997, <mask> was operating as Artistic Director of the Saxon State Opera Dresden at the Semperoper. There he ran an internationalization policy and the singer gave performances by well-known directors such as Willi Decker, Sebastian Baumgarten, Nemirova, Claus Guth, Nikolaus Lehnhoff, Günter Krämer and Peter Konwitschny.He also stepped up its cooperation with the Dresden Staatskapelle and thus also with conductors such as Giuseppe Sinopoli, Semyon Bychkov, Sir Colin Davis, Fabio Luisi, Sebastian Weigle, Marc Albrecht, Daniel Harding, Christian Thielemann, Manfred Honneck and Daniele Gatti. When in August 2002 as a result of the exceptionally strong flood of the Elbe the Semperoper had to be closed, he initiated during this period together with Harry Kupfer staging Carmen - a version by Georges Bizet in the premises of the Transparent Factory on the edge of the Great Park. The piece was presented there for a month before the headquarters of the State Opera 9 November 2002 with the ballet Illusions - like Swan Lake, the new season 2002/2003 could be included. In summer 2003, he was named for opera director. Under his leadership, perpetual interruption was the occasion of the 800th anniversary

masks: Frey Frey


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 of the city in early 2006 after 67 years Semper Opera Ball reintroduced. January 2013 2600 guests took part in the first event, while 4000 spectators on the video screens pursued transmitted event at the Opera House forecourt. In April 2007, he resigned from his post at the Semperoper in order to take over the general directorship of the theater Bremen.However, he is still the artistic director of the Opera Ball and first chairman of the Dresden Semper Opera Ball V. The ball was played in 2013 under his leadership the 8th Time. Director in Bremen

At Theater Bremen <mask> followed Klaus Pierwoß ab. In his term of office continuing process should be the reorganization of the theater as a holistic brand culture across the stage also. In the course of this concept initially was a modernization of the logo; also a greater involvement with the business and other cultural institutions should be allowed. During the directorship Frey Theater Bremen was a collaboration with the Culture Church St. Stephani, which includes, among other so-called theater sermons on certain pieces. Rank in the foyer of the theater was the place at the Goethe Theatre Galerie Bremen established in the far including works by GABO, Armin Mueller-Stahl, Anna Thalbach, Christian Ludwig Attersee and Ai Wei Wei were presented. For these innovations, the theater received several prizes and awards.He developed the concept of the 2,500 seater floating stage on the former site of Bremen AG Weser River and in the summer for a week to attend the opera was seen. At the beginning of his term <mask> had the production of the musical Marie Antoinette by Michael Kunze and Sylvester Levay announced. This was however listed from January and May 2009 in the musical theater funded by the Bremen Theatre Bremen. The cost of production amounted to 5.8 million euros. But instead of the expected 120,000 spectators visited only 90,000 then the ideas,


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 there was a loss of 2.5 million euros. Due to political disputes about the musical project Marie Antoinette he asked in August 2009 to the early termination of his contract at Bremen Theatre 31 July 2010. In Russia

After working in Bremen <mask> staged for the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of 2010, the opera gala.At the Moscow Bolshoi Theatre took place in September 2011, the international singing competition Competizione dell 'Opera under <mask>'s line instead. Thus, this song competition was first held outside of Germany. This competition was then in 2012 at the Bolshoi Theatre in Minsk / Belarus instead. At the Boris Pokrovsky Moscow Chamber Opera he has 2011 opera Zar und Zimmermann first fully staged in Russia, sung in German with spoken dialogue language and in Russian. In 2011 there was a big gala for the 50th anniversary of the twinning between Dresden and St. Petersburg under the baton of Vladimir Jurowski and directed by <mask> and organization at the Mikhaylovsky Theatre (en place). In 2012 he staged in October in the cities of Ulan-Ude and Irkutsk go the opera The Flying Dutchman by Richard Wagner on Lake Baikal. Was first brought to the stage an opera in the original language of a foreign director beyond the Urals.In December 2013 at the International Opera Forum at the State Academic Bolshoi Theatre of Belarus in Minsk also the opera The Flying Dutchman was brought on stage. Other activities

<mask> leads different teaching assignments for Cultural Management at the University of Music and Theatre in Hamburg, the University of the Arts Bremen and the University of Music Franz Liszt Weimar through. In 1996, he exclaimed as founder and director of the international singing competition Competizione dell 'Opera of the Italian opera to life, which is intended to promote young talent. The competition is now established worldwide and

masks: Frey Frey Frey Frey


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 has been performed 12 times. In 2003 he founded together with a small group of other cultural officials, the International Forum for Culture and Economics (also Tiberius Forum). Under the auspices of the Forum Freys busy 2003 Piano Competition "Anton G. Rubinstein" again. In 2009  the piano competition for the fourth time with the final concert at the Semperoper took place.He was director of the 2004 competition held by Tiberius Forum International Composition Competition for the Transparent Factory. He was also a member of the advisory board of the Hanover boys choir. He is a member of the boards of trustees of the Kreuzchor, the Richard Strauss Festival and the Daetz Foundation (see Daetz Centre), with Werder Bremen and Rotary International. Additionally he was a member of the jury at numerous art competitions since 2005 and is also patron of the Musikverein Dippoldiswalde. From 2011 to the end of 2012 he was Managing Director of LaValse GmbH Berlin. In 2011 he became a visiting professor at Seoul Arts College in Korea called. From 2013 to 2017 he was the new Artistic Director and Executive Director of Liva in Linz.He was responsible for the Bruckner House, the International Bruckner Festival, the clouds of sound, Posthof and was on the board of Ars Electronica. Controversy
According to the verdict of Federal Court of Justice, Naomi Campbell did not have to be paid 55,930 euros for her appearance at the SemperOpernball in connection with the awarding of the St. Georgs Order 2015. According to Hans-Joachim <mask>, he had canceled the engagement on the previous day. References

Arts managers
1965 births
Living people
German art directors
German operatic baritones
German musical theatre directors
German operatic tenors
German theatre directors
German theatre managers and producers
Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg alumni
Opera managers
People from Gehrden
University of the Arts Bremen


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<mask> (born August 16, 1985) is an American former professional baseball first baseman. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Oakland Athletics. Minor league career
<mask> was drafted by the St. Louis Cardinals in the 2003 Major League Baseball Draft in the 1st round as the 28th overall player selected. He was selected right out of Marina High School in Huntington Beach, California. <mask> had signed on to attend Cal State Fullerton and play baseball there, but accepted a $1 million signing bonus from the Cardinals instead. <mask> began his professional career with the Johnson City Cardinals (Cardinals' Rookie League affiliate) in 2003, mainly playing as a catcher. In 54 games, he batted .291 with 4 home runs.In 2004, he advanced to the Peoria Chiefs, the then Cardinals Single-A team. He played in just 90 games for the Chiefs, batting .313 with 13 home runs. He was named to the Midwest League Postseason All-Star team. He led the Midwest League in on-base percentage (.445), was third in the league in batting average (.313), and was fourth in the league in slugging percentage (.511). On December 19, 2004, he was traded along with pitchers Dan Haren and Kiko Calero to the Oakland Athletics for starting pitcher Mark Mulder. <mask> was #32 out of 100 on Baseball America's Top 100 Prospects list in 2005. After having an emergency appendectomy part way through spring training, <mask> started the 2005 season slowly, but ended the year with a .317 batting average.He spent most of 2005 with the Single-A Stockton Ports of the California League, but also appeared in 56 games for the Double-A Midland RockHounds of the Texas League. He was also selected to play in the All-Star Futures Game at PNC Park in Pittsburgh. With the

masks:
Daric William Barton
Barton
Barton
Barton
Barton
Barton


texts: Cardinals, <mask> played catcher, but the Athletics moved <mask> to first base due to concerns with <mask>'s ability behind the plate, the negative impact catching can have on the development of a young hitter, and because the Athletics had a number of more advanced catching prospects (Kurt Suzuki, Jeremy Brown, and Landon Powell). In 2006, <mask> once again appeared on Baseball America's Top 100 Prospects list, this time ranking at #28. He was also ranked as the Athletics' #1 prospect. He played for the Triple-A Sacramento River Cats in 2006, but due to injuries, played in only 43 games. He batted just .259 with 2 home runs in those 43 games.In 2007, <mask> appeared on Baseball America's Top 100 Prospects list, this time ranked at just #67. He was ranked as the Athletics' #2 prospect behind outfielder Travis Buck, who ranked at #50 on the Top 100 Prospects list. <mask> began the 2007 season slowly with the Sacramento River Cats, hitting just .221 in April and .273 in May. He finally got started in June when he hit .454 in 27 games. He was named to the Pacific Coast League Mid-Season All-Star team on July 11. He finished the 2007 minor league season with a .293 batting average and 9 home runs in 137 games. Following the 2007 minor league season, the River Cats advanced to the first round of the playoffs.They played the Salt Lake Bees, the Angels Triple-A affiliate. In the first round, <mask> batted .550 (11–20) with 10 RBIs. He had a power surge with 4 home runs and one of the home runs was a decisive one in Game 5 as it led the River Cats into the second round of the playoffs. He did not join the team for the second round as he had his contract purchased by the Athletics major league club on September 10. Major league

masks: Barton Barton Barton Barton Barton Barton Barton


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 career

Oakland Athletics
<mask> made his major league debut on September 10, 2007, against the Seattle Mariners. In his third plate appearance, he had his first major league hit off Ryan Feierabend, a double. He had two hits in his major league debut for Oakland, a feat that was not matched until Nate Freiman did it in 2013.On September 14, <mask> hit his first major league home run. <mask> played in 18 games in 2007. He reached base safely in all 18 games via a hit or a walk. He hit .347 (25–72) with 4 home runs and 8 RBIs. In 2008, <mask> was the Athletics' starting first baseman. He batted just .226 with 9 home runs and 47 RBIs in 140 games. During the All-Star break, <mask> dove into a shallow pool and hit his head on the bottom.He suffered a jammed neck and had to get staples to close a cut on his head. On April 5, 2009, the day before the A's season opener, <mask> was demoted to Triple-A Sacramento. <mask> began the 2010 season as the A's starting first baseman. On April 25, he fractured his finger while tumbling into the Cleveland Indians dugout. He won a Fielding Bible Award for his statistically based defensive excellence during the year  and led his team in runs (79), hits (152), and doubles (33). He also led the AL in walks with 110, and was second in MLB only to Prince Fielder. <mask> was once again selected as the starting first baseman for the Athletics at the beginning of the 2011 season.On June 22, the A's sent <mask> back to Triple-A Sacramento to make room for Mark Ellis. <mask> was hitting .212 with zero home runs at the time. For the season, he batted .212 in 236 at bats. On June 2, 2012, a struggling <mask> was sent back to Triple-A. For the season, he batted .204. On March 29, 2013, the A's designated

masks: Barton Barton Barton Barton Barton Barton Barton Barton Barton Barton Barton


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 <mask> for assignment. In May of the 2013 season, <mask> was added back on the 40 man roster when right fielder Josh Reddick was placed on the disabled list after injuring his wrist.Everyday first basemen Brandon Moss was moved over to right field. <mask> took Reddick's spot on the active roster and covered everyday first base duties. <mask> was than designated for assignment again when Reddick returned. He was than outrighted to Triple-A Sacramento. On August 26, <mask> was added to the 40-man roster again for the same reason. On December 20, 2013, <mask> signed a one-year deal with Oakland, avoiding arbitration. The Athletics designated <mask> for assignment on May 15, 2014, when they acquired Kyle Blanks.In October 2014, <mask> elected to become a free agent. Toronto Blue Jays
On December 16, 2014, <mask> signed a minor-league contract with the Toronto Blue Jays that included an invitation to spring training. He was assigned to the minor league spring training camp on March 30, 2015. On July 2, <mask> was released. He batted .219 in 31 minor league games with the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons and Double-A New Hampshire Fisher Cats. Pericos de Puebla
On April 1, 2016, <mask> signed with the Pericos de Puebla of the Mexican Baseball League. On September 14, 2016, <mask> <mask> and the Pericos de Puebla Won the Serie del Rey of the LMB (Mexican Baseball League).<mask> was key to the Pericos winning their first championship
in over 30 years as he led the team with 21 HRs and despite missing 20 games with a broken finger was voted as the starting first baseman on the All-Star team, won the league Gold Glove for
his defense, and added 5 more home runs in the playoffs including the go ahead shot in the 6th inning of the Championship

masks: Barton Barton Barton Barton Barton Barton Barton Barton Barton Barton Barton Daric Barton Barton


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 clinching game. Acereros de Monclova
On February 21, 2017, <mask>, along with Chad Gaudin, Manny Rodriguez, Nyjer Morgan, Rodolfo Amador, and Willy Taveras, were traded to the Acereros de Monclova in exchange for RHP Joaquín Lara. <mask> only appeared in 26 games for the Acereros before spending the rest of the season on the reserve list. Return to Puebla
On January 16, 2018, <mask> was traded back to the Pericos de Puebla. He once again excelled with the team, finishing as one of the league leaders in average at .373 during the Spring Tournament of the 2018 season. <mask> left the Pericos on August 6, 2018, halfway through the Fall Tournament, due to personal reasons and to prepare for the 2018-19 Mexican Pacific League season with the Charros de Jalisco. He retired as an active player following the LMP season.Scouting report
<mask> is a patient hitter. In 9 minor league seasons, he had 446 walks as opposed to 382 strikeouts. In 2010, <mask> was one of only two players in MLB to have more walks than strikeouts, the other being Albert Pujols. References

External links

1985 births
Living people
Acereros de Monclova players
American expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Arizona League Athletics players
Azucareros del Este players
American expatriate baseball players in the Dominican Republic
Baseball players from Vermont
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Charros de Jalisco players
Johnson City Cardinals players
Major League Baseball first basemen
Mexican League baseball first basemen
Midland RockHounds players
New Hampshire Fisher Cats players
Oakland Athletics players
People from Springfield, Vermont
Peoria Chiefs players
Pericos de Puebla players
Phoenix Desert Dogs players
Sacramento River Cats players
Stockton Ports

masks: Barton Barton Barton Barton Barton Barton


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V<mask> (17 October 1942  – 22 January 2002), popularly known as Artist V<mask>, was a sculptor and painter from India. He was born the son of Chellamma and <mask>i in the small temple town of Perumbavoor, Kerala. In 1962 he earned a Diploma from the Cochin School of Art. Immediately after his studies, he started teaching at the same school. In 1970 he moved to Chennai as a freelance artist. At Chennai, he did his first ever Mosaic Art of the Risen Lord for a chapel of Salesian Provincialate. From 1972 onwards, he started designing the interiors of churches throughout India and acquired fame as an artist and architect of Christian places of worship.Ten years later he moved to Bangalore and established his studio, Arte Sacra, near the National Biblical, Catechetical and Liturgical Centre. Introduction to Christian art

For 15 years until 1982 <mask> lived in Madras. His talents were versatile, varying from canvas to mosaic, from metal to wood and from sculpture to architecture. He executed Christian works in different parts of the country from the North – Rishikesh in the Himalayas – to the south and even to Sri Lanka. In Sri Lanka, he renovated the interior of St. Mary's Church at Negombo. He was the chief designer of the interior and the façade of the Stella Maris Cathedral in Port Blair, Andaman Islands. He later did more than 300 works related to churches and religious institutions during his tenure in Madras.The artist on the move
In 1983 <mask> moved from Madras to Kothanur, a

masks:
. Balan
. Balan
Venketachelam Pilla
Balan
Balan


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 peaceful village in the suburbs of Bangalore, where he built his studio, Tapovan. Many disciples attended the training centre, which was set up along with the studio for young artists in simple Gurukula style – Kalakshetra. Multifaceted talent

<mask> was very passionate in painting right through his career. Though <mask> is often identified with his characteristic mosaic art, his sculptures reveal his profound artistic talent more than any other medium. "The queen of the apostles" is a unique presentation of the theme at the Shrine of St. Vincent Pallotti, Bangalore. The visualization of "The song of creation" of Francis of Assisi is a relief sculpture with copper finish. The gigantic relief sculpture measuring 125×42 in the Sanctuary of the St. Vincent Pallotti's Shrine, Banasawadi, Bangalore depicts salvation history from creation to the resurrection as a background to the 45' high resurrection figure and the Christian Community gathered in worship.The sculptor in Balan is clearly seen in the peculiar forms and shapes of altars and tabernacles he has given shape in wood, stone and metal in different churches. <mask> also works in the medium of metal. The peculiar metallic figures and images cast in his studio are a manifestation of his multifaceted talent. Traditional stained glass was another favorite medium of <mask>. The architectural talent in Balan was a natural extension of the artist in him. His clear and detailed drawings for churches are proof of that architectural mettle

masks: Balan Balan Balan Balan


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 and precision. He designed and executed many churches in India and abroad.The silent man
Balan kept away from the limelight and media. He never put a signature on his paintings, mosaics or murals. He was little known as a person and loved his anonymity. He never satisfied with any of his works and always thought it could have been done better. List of works

 Saint Mary's Co-Cathedral – George Town, Madras City
 Saint Mary's School – Madras City
 Don Bosco Shrine – Madras City
 Don Bosco School – Perambur, Madras City
 Don Bosco School Chapel – Egmore, Madras City
 Diocesan Pastoral Centre – Mylapore, Madras City
 Kings Fort Convent – Salesian Sisters – Kilpauk, Madras
 Saint Anne's Generalate Chapel – Madhavaram
 Saint Anne's Novitiate – Madras City
 Saint Anne's Chapel – Madras City
 Saint Anne's Mother House – Madras City
 Pope John's Garden Chapel – Madras
 Beatitudes Prayer Room – Madras City
 Salesian Institute of Graphic Arts – Madras City
 Parish Church – Meenambakkam
 Franciscan Sisters' Chapel – Poonamalee, Madras
 St. Joseph's Technical Institute Basin Bridge – Madras
 Don Bosco Youth Centre Basin Bridge – Madras
 Our Lady's Church – Madras
 Lakshmi Theatre – Pallavaram, Madras
 Jyothi Theatre St. Thomas Mount – Madras
 Hotel Palm Grouve – Madras
 Hotel Gokulam – Madras City
 Central Health Centre – Madras
 Franciscan Friary
 Salesian Provincial House. Madras
 Parish Church, Porur
 Bon Succour Convent Chapel. Mylapore
 Bon Succour Convent Chapel, Pallavaram
 Fatima


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 Church.Madras
 Sacred Heart Seminary, Poonamalley
 Golden Jubilee Facade Madras
 Sacred Heart Seminary Chapel, Madras
 St. Isabella Hospital Chapel, Mylapore
 Stella Matutina College, Ashok Nagar, Madras
 Parish Church, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Madras
 St. Joseph's Church, Chengalpet – Tamil Nadu
 Leena Theatre, Chidambaram – Tamil Nadu
 Sahayamatha Hospital – Trichy
 Rosarian Ashram, Manapara, Trichy
 Sacred Heart Brothers Chapel, Trichy
 St. Joseph's Church – Jnanolipuram, Madurai
 Parish Church, Red Hill
 Don Bosco, K. Pudur, Madurai
 Don Bosco School Chapel – Varandarajanpet, Tamil Nadu
 Salesian Aspirantate – Tanjore, Tamil Nadu
 R.C. Church, Tiruvannamalai
 Don Bosco Church – Gandhi Nagar, Vellore
 Hotel Ranga – Vellore, Tamil Nadu
 St. Joseph Katpadi – Tamil Nadu
 Snehadeepam, Vellore,
 Parish Church, Madurapakkam, Tamil Nadu
 Don Bosco, Chengalpattu (Chingleput), Tamil Nadu
 Our Lady of Good Voyage, Cheyur, Tamil Nadu
 Don Bosco, Chingalpet, Tamil Nadu
 Parish Church, Adilakshmi Nagar, Tamil Nadu
 S.H. St. Peter's Cathedral – Gnanapuram
 Infant Jesus Church – Seefham Dhara. Vaisakh
 Carmelites Cloistered, Dakshinagiri
 Nalgonda Cathedral – Andhra Pradesh
 St. Teresa's Convent Chapel – Hyderabad
 Salesian Provincialate – Hyderabad
 Don Bosco School Chapel – Hyderabad
 St. Anne's Chapel – Hyderabad'
 Parish Church – Secunderabad
 St Anne's of Loressame – Regional House, Vijayawada
 Don Bosco – Vijayawada
 Pallottine House Chapel – Vijayawada
 Assumption Church – Vijayawada
 Don Bosco


texts:
 Provincial House – Mangalagiri
 St. Michael Orphanage Chapel – Cumur
 Don Bosco, – Warangal
 Salesian Sisters Chapel, Gumlur
 Jmj Provincialate – Gumlur
 St. Antony's Church – Gumlur
 St. Joseph's College – Gumlur
 Jmj College Chapel – Ternali
 St. Anne's Generalate – Gumlur
 St. Anne's School – Gumlur
 St. Anne's Convent – Gumlur
 Parish Church – Narasimharaopel
 St Charles' Sisters – A.P
 Don Bosco House – Ponnur. A.P. The Bishop House – A.P. Salesian College – Karunapuram, Warangal
 Don Bosco Youth Centre Chapel – Pune, Maharashtra
 Don Bosco Aspirantate Chapel – Lonavla, Maharashtra
 Dominic Savio's Chapel – andheri, Bombay
 Saint Joseph's Chapel – Kurla, Bombay
 Don Bosco – Nasik, Novitate
 The Risen Lord Chapel, Salesian Novitiate – Nasik, Maharashtra
 Palloiti Bhavan, Regional Superior House Chapel – Nagpur
 Bharathmata Ashram – Kurukshetra, Haryana
 Don Bosco – Pune
 Tabor Ashram – Kalyan, Maharashtra
 Pallotti Bhavan Seminary Hills – Nagpur
 Cmi House – Pune
 Kohima Cathedral, Nagaland
 Pune Cathedral, Pune
 Csst Generalate, Bangalore
 St. Anne's Provincial House, Bangalore
 Capuchin Provincial House, Bangalore
 Jmj Provincial House, Bangalore
 Dharmaram College – Bangalore.Karnataka
 Don Bosco Salesian Provincial House Bangalore
 St. Anne's Novitiate – Krishnarajapuram, Bangalore
 Salesian Sisters Novitiate – Avalahalli, Bangalore
 Saint Joseph The Leon's Novitiate, Bangalore
 Saint Joseph's Cathedral – Chikmagalur, Karnataka
 Saint Antony's Cathedral – Bellary, Karnataka


texts:
 Suvidya College Msfs, bangalore
 St. Francis De Sules Church, Bangalore
 St. John Medical College, Bangalore
 Adoration Sisters of Holy Spirit, Carmelaram
 A V P Carmelaram
 Carmel Theological Centre, Carmelaram
 Christ King School, Bangalore
 St. Casper Bhavan, Dharmaram, Bangalore
 Dharmaram Faculty of Theology, Bangalore
 Yuvaprajothiny, Bangalore
 Holy Cross Fathers Novitiate, Bangalore
 Pavithratma, Study Centre, Holy Spirit Sisters, Bangalore
 Pious Disciples of Divine Mater, St. Mark Rd. Bangalore
 Viswadeep, Catechetical Centre, Bangalore
 Salesian Sisters Novitiate, Bangalore
 Christu Jyothi, Bangalore
 Batram Fathers, Bangalore
 Teresian Carmelites Ctc, Bangalore
 Prima Mandira Canossian Sisters Provincialate, Bangalore
 Capuchin Provincialate, Rajajl Nagar
 White Missionaries, Vimalalaya, Bangalore
 Vimalahridaya, Bhairalhi, Bangalore
 St. Norbert Bhavan, Bangalore'
 St. Vincent Pallotti Shrine, Bangalore
 Sacred Heart Brothers, Bangalore
 Icm Sisters. Bangalore
 St. Mary's School, Frosu Town
 JMG Oldage Home, Bangalore
 Sannidhi, MSFS Novitiate, Mysore
 Angaly Ashram, Chamundi Hill, Mysore
 Don Bosco, Sreeramapuram, Mysore
 Old Priest House, gonikoppa, Koorg
 Dominican Sisters Novitiate, Pakshikari, Mangalore
 Dominican Fathers Chapel, Mangalore
 Shrine of Infant Jesus, Mangalore
 Capuchin Provincialate. Kochi
 Punalur Cathedral, Kerala
 Don Bosco Bhavan Chapel – Trichur, Kerala
 Shrine of Mary Help of Christians, Don Bosco School – Irinjalakuda, Kerala
 Christ College


texts:
 Church – Irinjalakuda
 St. George Church – Kalady, Kerala
 Presentation Convent Chapel – Perinthalmanna, Malabar, Kerala
 Menaka Theatre – Ernakulam, Kerala
 Sree Padmanabha Theatre – Trivandrum, Kerala
 Sree Kumar Theatre – Trivandrum, Kerala
 Don Bosco Aspirate, Mannuthy
 Mount Don Bosco, Padivayal, Wayanad
 Grace and Compassion Sisters, Makiyad
 Benedictine Fathers, Makiyad, Wayanad
 Carmelite Spirituality Centre, Peravoor, Calicut
 Diocesan Pastoral Centre, Mananthavady, Kerala
 Don Bosco School Irinjalakuda
 Parish Church Karukuty
 Nazareth Sisters Motherhouse Karukutty
 Parish Church, Kalady
 Don Bosco, Keezhmad, Alwaye
 St. Joseph Parish, Alwaye
 Marello House, Alwaye
 Sacred Heart Fathers, Alwaye
 Ashir Bhavan, Archdiocesan Pastoral Centre, Ernakulam
 Sacred Heart Sisters, Varapuzha
 Lourd Hospital, Cochin
 Our Lady of Perpetual Help Parish Church, Vypeen
 Orthodox St. George Church. Puthuppally, Kotayam
 Old Priest Home, Kollam
 St. Stephen's Church, Thoppe, Kollam
 Novitiate Chapel of Novitiate House, Oblates of St. Joseph, Kulathurpuzha
 Viswa Jyothi – Gurukul Chapel – Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
 Matredham Ashram – Varanasi
 St. Joseph Gurukul Major Seminary Chapel – Varanasi
 Ims Generalate Chapel – Varanasi
 Infant Jesus Church – Mughal Sarai, U.P. Ims Novitiate – Sardhana, Up
 Vidhya Bhavan, Chapel – Kalyani, Calcutta
 Don Bosco Catechetical Centre, Calcutta
 Don Bosco, Calcutta
 Good Shepherd Seminary Chapel – Dimapur, Nagaland
 Don Bosco School Chapel – Tamenglong, Manipur


texts:
 Don Bosco School Chapel – Delhi
 Don Bosco, Baroda – Gujarat
 Baroda Cathedral – Baroda
 Rajkot Cathedral – Gujarat
 Casa Pallotti, Panaji, Goa
 Franciscan Missionary Sisters, Goa
 Stella Maris Cathedral, Port Blair, andamans
 Don Bosco, Colombo, Sri Lanka
 Parish Church, Apia, Western Samoa
 Parish Church, Pago Pago, American Samoa
 Bharath Matha Ashram, Kurukshetra – Haryana
 Redemptorist Church, Ambala, Haryana

References
 Divine Designs, Article appeared on The Week, Date : 26 January 1992
 ക്രൈസ്തവ ശില്പ്പ കലയുടെ പ്രവാചകൻ / 1999 August 8 / Deepika Daily

External links
 http://artistvbalan.org

1942 births
2002 deaths
Painters from Kerala
Indian male sculptors
20th-century Indian sculptors
20th-century Indian painters
People from Ernakulam district
Indian male


texts:
<mask> (August 21, 1959 – May 17, 1995) was a U.S. Army veteran who stole an M60A3 Patton tank from a California Army National Guard armory in San Diego, California, and went on a rampage on May 17, 1995. He destroyed numerous cars, fire hydrants and an RV before being shot and killed by a San Diego police officer, Rick Piner. Background
<mask> was born in Birdseye, Utah, on August 21, 1959, the second of three sons. He grew up in the Clairemont neighborhood of San Diego, California, and graduated from Madison High School prior to his enlistment in the United States Army, where he served for two years until his honorable discharge in 1980. After his discharge, he returned to San Diego and worked as a plumber. <mask>'s mother died in 1988 and his father died in 1992. In between, his wife of six years filed for divorce in 1990.That same year, he was hospitalized at Sharp Memorial Hospital for neck and back injuries sustained in a motorcycle accident. <mask> later sued the hospital for $1.6 million, citing negligence, assault, battery and false imprisonment. A superior court judge dismissed the case and the hospital counter-sued for $6,640 in medical fees and legal expenses. <mask> claimed he was forced to be treated without his consent. <mask>'s brother, Scott, said that he became addicted to methamphetamine in the few years prior to the tank incident. His neighbors complained to authorities of him yelling at his roommate at night. <mask> then began to exhibit unusual behavior.On one occasion, he dug a hole  deep in his backyard in an attempt to mine for gold. One of his friends, Carson Honings, referred to the mine shaft as <mask>'s "new hobby". In April, he filed two damage claims against the cityfor police

masks:
Shawn Timothy Nelson
Shawn Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson


texts:
 negligence and false arrest  totaling $2 million. <mask>'s neck and back problems, combined with the theft of plumbing equipment from his truck in June 1994, effectively halted his business. With no income, his utilities were cut off and his house went into foreclosure. In April 1995, <mask>'s live-in girlfriend moved out of their shared home. Tank rampage
According to San Diego police, in the week before his tank rampage, <mask> told a friend that he was thinking of committing suicide.The following weekend, he told a friend that "Oklahoma was good stuff", in apparent reference to the Oklahoma City bombing which happened about a month before. Whether <mask> condoned the attack or simply meant that he enjoyed the drama was not clear. Police did not believe <mask> had any connection with the bombing or with a terrorist group. Around 6:30 p.m. on Wednesday, May 17, 1995, <mask> drove his Chevrolet van to the California Army National Guard Armory on Mesa College Boulevard in the Kearny Mesa neighborhood of San Diego. Employees at the armory were working late  and the gate to the vehicle yard, which was completely deserted, was left open. The tanks at the armory started with a push button and did not require an ignition key. The first two tanks <mask> broke into would not start.As he lowered himself into the third tank, a 57-ton M60A3 Patton, he was finally noticed by a guardsman, who approached the tank. <mask> started the vehicle and with little chance of stopping him, the guardsman rushed to a phone to call police. Since ammunition was kept in another building, none of the vehicle's weapons could be loaded or used by <mask>. <mask> led police on a 23-minute, televised chase through the streets of Clairemont. The

masks: Nelson Nelson Nelson Nelson Nelson Nelson Nelson Nelson Nelson Nelson


texts: various agencies involved in the chase included the San Diego police, the San Diego County Sheriff's Department, the California Highway Patrol and due to the tank being stolen from the armory, possibly military police as well. The tank had a top speed of , making the chase slow compared to police chases involving automobiles. The 57-ton tank easily plowed through road signs, traffic lights, utility poles and fire hydrants, crushing about 40 parked vehicles, including an RV.The damage to utility poles knocked out power to around 5,100 San Diego Gas & Electric customers in the Linda Vista neighborhood. From the armory, <mask> traveled along neighborhood streets, eventually turning north on Convoy Street, west onto Balboa Avenue (then signed as State Route 274) and entered Interstate 805 heading south. While on I-805, he attempted to knock down a pedestrian bridge by running into the columns, possibly with the intent of blockading pursuing police cars but failed after a few hits and decided to continue down the freeway. <mask> then drove the tank onto the State Route 163 freeway heading southbound, resulting in the freeway being closed and thousands of motorists being stuck. At least one news article speculated that he may have been headed to Sharp Memorial Hospital, which he had unsuccessfully sued in 1990 and partially blamed for his mother's death. After <mask> attempted to cross into the northbound lanes of State Route 163, the tank became caught on the concrete median barrier and lost one track. After the tank was immobilized, four policemen climbed onto it.San Diego Police officer Paul Paxton, a gunnery sergeant at the time with the Marine Corps Reserve, opened a hatch using bolt cutters. They ordered

masks: Nelson Nelson Nelson


texts:
 <mask> to surrender but he said nothing and began rocking the tank back and forth in an attempt to free it from the median. Paxton's partner, Officer Richard Piner, leaned in and shot <mask>. The bullet entered through <mask>'s neck. <mask> later died at Sharp Memorial Hospital. Despite widespread property destruction, he was the only fatality reported during the rampage. The state of California paid $149,201 ($267,272 in 2021 terms) to cover property damage along <mask>'s route.Police action
Police Captain Tom Hall justified the lethal force used against <mask> because if he had managed to free the tank, he "could have taken out no less than 35 vehicles that were passing at that moment". Police decided that if non-lethal action such as tear gas were used, this might have stopped <mask> but not the tank and officers would not be able to enter the tank if it were still mobile with tear gas present. According to live news coverage at the time, officials were seriously considering asking for help from the Marine Corps at Camp Pendleton in the form of a Bell AH-1 Cobra attack helicopter, since the police force lacked the ability to disable a tank. <mask>'s brother, Scott, stated that police were justified in the shooting. Armory security
Officials at the armory where <mask> stole the tank were criticized for what appeared to be a huge lapse in security, especially after the attack in Oklahoma City the previous month. In addition to the open, unguarded gate to the vehicle lot, the fence surrounding the lot had damaged barbed wire in some places. Residents near the armory said that even if the gate had been locked, <mask> could have simply climbed the fence in sections where the barbed wire was damaged.Armory


texts:
 officials said that the vehicles were kept far away from fences to make them difficult to reach, that only someone with the proper knowledge could operate and start a tank, and that there was no way to foresee such an event taking place. After <mask>'s theft of the tank, security was improved at the Kearny Mesa armory. In popular culture
The E! Channel documentary, 'Going Postal: The 15 Most Shocking Acts Of Violence' features <mask>'s rampage as the 7th most shocking act of violence. Cul de Sac: A Suburban War Story, a documentary film, is based on the incident. The tank rampage also appears in TV shows such as the World's Most Amazing Videos and Destroyed in Seconds. The rampage is parodied by The Simpsons in the season 11 episode "Brother's Little Helper".The rampage is featured in the music video for the song "The Right to Go Insane" by the American heavy metal band Megadeth. Mojo Nixon wrote a song called "Tankman Blues" about the incident that was released on his 1999 The Real Sock Ray Blue! album. See also

Marvin Heemeyer, a business owner who went on a very similar rampage with an armored bulldozer in 2004
2008 Jerusalem bulldozer attack
2010 Manila bus hostage crisis
The 1995 movie GoldenEye features a famous tank chase through St. Petersburg; the filming of the scene had coincidentally also taken place in 1995, several months before the <mask> rampage. Tank, 1984 action comedy film

References

American male criminals
American plumbers
Deaths by firearm in California
Filmed killings by law enforcement
People from San Diego
People shot dead by law enforcement officers in the United States
United States Army soldiers
1959 births
1995 deaths
20th-century American criminals
Vehicular rampage in the


texts:
<mask> (1 December 1891 – 15 March 1964) was a senior officer in the United States Army. Born in Mexia, Texas, he graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1915. He served in the Cavalry before transferring to the United States Army Air Corps. He served in a variety of command positions in the newly created air service of the United States Army and was instrumental in designing the model for what would become the commercial aviation system. His highest grade was a major general. Schools under his command trained many of the aircrews who served in all theaters of World War II. After retiring from the army, he became a businessman.<mask> died in 1964 and he was memorialized as an air pioneer who helped bring American air power from it beginnings to its power in World War II. Early life and education
<mask> was born on 1 December 1891, in Mexia, Texas, to Robert Bartow and Dora M. (Kelly) <mask>. On 14 June 1911, he began his studies at the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. He graduated on 12 June 1915, as a member of the class the stars fell on; his rank in the class was 129 of 164 and his Cullum number is 5441. Career

Pre-war
<mask> was commissioned as a second lieutenant of Cavalry on 12 June 1915. He was assigned to the 12th Cavalry in Brownsville, Texas, in September 1915 and performed border patrol activities, including actions against Mexican bandits, until February 1916, when he was transferred to the 6th Cavalry. <mask> participated in the Punitive Expedition into Mexico.He was promoted to the first lieutenant of Cavalry on 1 July 1916 and was transferred to the Big Bend District, Texas later that month. In August 1916, <mask> was assigned to the Signal Corps Aviation School in San Diego, California. He graduated in

masks:
Ralph Pittman Cousins
Cousins
Cousins
Cousins
Cousins
Cousins
Cousins


texts:
 May 1917 and was assigned to the 1st Aero Squadron as a pilot. From 16 May to 12 September 1917, he organized the School of Military Aeronautics in Austin, Texas, and became its commandant. While assigned to the school, he was promoted to captain on 25 July 1917. From 12 September to 8 December 1917, he was assigned to the Office of the Chief Signal Officer, Washington, D.C. <mask> was then assigned as the aviation representative at the Army War College until 1 February 1918. World War I
<mask> was assigned to the American Expeditionary Force in France as a liaison officer to French and British aviation units, including the British Bristol Fighting Squadron.He performed duties at the front. He returned to the United States on approximately 21 May 1918 and was assigned as a member of the Air Service Control Board in the Office of the Director of Military Aeronautics in Washington, D.C. until 25 September 1918. On 30 June 1918, he received a temporary promotion to major of Cavalry. He was assigned as commander of Roosevelt Field, Group B, 1st Provisional Wing until 4 January 1919. Inter-war years
<mask> was assigned as the commanding officer of Payne Field, West Point, Mississippi from 4 January 1919 to 1 June 1919 and as the commanding officer of the 1st Bombardment Group at Kelly Field, Texas from 15 June 1919 until September 1920. During this period, he was returned to the rank of captain of Cavalry on 27 February 1920, transferred to the Air Service on 1 July 1920 and received a temporary promotion to major of the Air Service on 18 July 1920. <mask> was a member of the advisory board, Chief Air Service in Washington, D.C., from September 1920 to August 1921.From August 1921 to June 1922, <mask> was assigned as a student officer at Yale University, where

masks: Cousins Cousins Cousins Cousins Cousins


texts: he was graduated with a Master of Science degree. Following his graduation, he was assigned as a student officer at General Electric Company, Schenectady, New York from June 1922 through January 1923. While at Schenectady he was returned to the rank of captain of the Air Service on 4 November 1922. During 1923, he supervised Air Corps communications and the installation of radios for the Air Corps Model Airway, which operated between four United States cities; this model was the core of what became the commercial aviation system. He served as a commanding officer at Chanute Field, Illinois from November 1923 to September 1924. He returned to Washington, D.C. for duty in the Office of the Chief of the Air Corps from January 1925 through May 1928. During this time he was promoted again to major of the Air Service on 21 June 1925.<mask> was assigned to foreign service as a commanding officer at Clark Field, Philippine Islands, from June 1928 through June 1930. After returning from overseas, <mask> was assigned as a student officer at the Air Corps Tactical School at Langley Field, Virginia, until 1931; he was rated as an Airplane Observer in September 1939. He attended the Army Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, graduating on 22 May 1933; while a student he wrote "Tannenberg: a failure to command," a paper analyzing the failure of the command of the Russian Second Army before and during the battle of Tannenberg. After graduating from the Command and General Staff School, <mask> returned to Washington, D.C. for duty in charge of National Guard aviation units with the National Guard Bureau until late in 1936; during this assignment, he received a temporary promotion to lieutenant colonel in the Air Corps on 16 June 1936 and a

masks: Cousins Cousins Cousins


texts:
 permanent promotion to that rank on 22 December. In 1937, he attended and graduated from the Army War College. He moved to an assignment with the Assistant Chief of Staff, G1 at General Headquarters Air Force, Langley Field, Virginia, where he performed a variety of staff duties until 18 January 1942; on 1 April 1939, <mask> was rated as both a command pilot and combat observer. <mask> was promoted to colonel in the Army of the United States on 26 June 1941 and to brigadier general on 10 July 1941.World War II
On 7 December 1941 (Pearl Harbor Day), Army Air Force Western Flying Training Command was operating six army flying schools and nine civilian contract flying schools. <mask> assumed command on 1 February 1942. At the end of the first full year of the war, <mask>' command included twenty-two army schools and twenty-one civilian contract schools in a multi-state operation from his headquarters in Santa Ana, California. <mask> was promoted to major general in the Army of the United States on 16 February 1942. He was permanently promoted to colonel in the Air Corps on 21 April 1944. During 1944, <mask> visited Mather Field for an inspection. He observed that African-American officers were dining in the same mess as white Americans.He ordered that the mess facilities be segregated. African American officers stopped using the mess entirely. <mask> commanded the unit until 15 August 1945. <mask> retired from the army with a disability on 31 March 1946. Later life and death
<mask> married Diana Wilson Fitzmaurice in 1945. He helped organize the Founders' Insurance Company in Los Angeles; he served as its vice president and its secretary, and as a member of the board of directors until the company was sold in 1950. <mask> was appointed to the Los Angeles

masks: Cousins Cousins Cousins Cousins Cousins Cousins Cousins Cousins Cousins Cousins


texts:
 Board of Airport Commissioners in 1950.In 1955, he predicted that large gains in passenger traffic and freight shipments at Los Angeles International Airport would lead to "utter chaos" by 1960 unless improvements were made. In October 1956, <mask>, who had become president of the board of commissioners, announced that the design of the new airport had been approved by the board following a $159 million bond issue. In January 1950, <mask> was serving as chairman of the Southern California United Service Organizations. On 15 March 1964, <mask> was stricken while on his ranch near Indio, California. He was transported to Casitas Hospital in Indio where he died later that day. Funeral services for <mask> were conducted at All Saints Episcopal Church, Beverly Hills, California and he was buried with full military honors, including a flyover, at Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Los Angeles. He was memorialized by the West Point Association of Graduates as an air pioneer who helped bring American air power from it beginnings to its power in World War II

Awards

Each of the nine grades of the Order of the Cloud and Banner features a unique ribbon

References

1891 births
United States Military Academy alumni
United States Army personnel of World War I
Yale University alumni
United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni
United States Army War College alumni
United States Army personnel of World War II
United States Army generals
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
United States Air Force generals
American business executives
Los Angeles International Airport
1964 deaths
People from Indio, California
People from Mexia, Texas
Graduates of the United States Military Academy Class of 1915
Military personnel from California
Military

masks: Cousins Cousins Cousins Cousins


texts:
Dame <mask>  (15 April 1929 – 9 April 2020) was a British educator, community activist and politician, who was the Director for UK Development at Focus Consultancy Ltd. She was the first black woman to be a governor of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and was founder and Deputy Chair of the Broadcasting Standards Council. Early life and career
<mask>, daughter of Barbadian father <mask> and Olive Irene (nee Pierre), was born in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago (her mother's native land), where she was active politically as a member of the People's National Movement. She undertook training to become a teacher, and in 1959 travelled to Britain for postgraduate studies, attending the University of London, where she read English. <mask> was a founding member, general secretary and later vice-chair of Campaign Against Racial Discrimination (CARD) – the organisation that between 1964 and 1967 lobbied for race relations legislation and was responsible for the Race Relations Act of 1968. <mask> said in a 2019 interview: "Card was a very effective organisation though it wasn’t as grassroots as I would have liked it to have been. It was led by people like me, Lord [David] Pitt and Anthony Lester, a QC. The people at the bottom were too busy trying to survive though some did join."<mask> was also a leading member of the North London West Indian Association (NLWIA), set up in 1965 as a major component of the West Indian Standing Conference, which had been founded in 1958 after the Notting Hill riots to speak out on behalf of West Indians; among other activities, the NWLIA responded to prejudice against black children in the state education system, which was exposed in a leaked report. In 1968 she was appointed vice-chair of the International Human Rights Year Committee, and from 1968 to 1972 was a member of the Community Relations Commission. <mask> also held the post of vice-president of the National Union of Townswomen's Guilds. As a senior teacher, and later as a

masks:
Jocelyn Anita Barrow
Jocelyn Barrow
Charles Newton Barrow
Barrow
Barrow
Barrow
Barrow


texts:
 teacher-trainer, at Furzedown Teachers College and at the Institute of Education in the 1960s, she pioneered the introduction of multi-cultural education, stressing the needs of the various ethnic groups in the UK. She was a member of the Taylor Committee of School Governors. In 1984 she co-founded Arawidi Publications, a children's publishing house, with Yvonne Collymore. Named after a Caribbean sun-deity, Arawidi published children's books in a variety of language forms including West Indian dialects and Glaswegian.Between 1981 and 1988 <mask> served as a governor of the BBC, the first black woman to have been appointed to the board of the corporation, which in 2001 was controversially described by its then director-general Greg Dyke as still "hideously white". <mask> was also founder and deputy chair (1989–95) of the Broadcasting Standards Council, forerunner of Ofcom. She was chair of the 2005 Mayor's Commission on African and Asian Heritage (MCAAH), set up by then Mayor of London Ken Livingstone, that produced the report Delivering Shared Heritage, about which she said: "Our findings and resulting recommendations, far from being of interest only to African and Asian communities, set out a code of values for delivering inclusive and healthy heritage management practice for everyone." She was instrumental in the establishment of the North Atlantic Slavery Gallery and the Merseyside Maritime Museum in Liverpool. She was a Trustee of the National Museums and Galleries on Merseyside and a Governor of the British Film Institute, as well as the first patron of the Black Cultural Archives. Acknowledging the key influence she had in the founding of BCA, their tribute to her stated: "Also known as the African People's Historical Monument Foundation, Dame <mask> recognised the need for a national monument like BCA to educate future generations." Personal life
<mask> was married in 1970 to barrister Henderson (Hendy) Downer of Lincoln's Inn and the Jamaican Bar, and they lived in

masks:
Barrow
Barrow
Jocelyn
Jocelyn Barrow


texts:
 Long Yard, Lamb's Conduit Street.She died aged 90 on 9 April 2020, having been admitted to University College Hospital. Honours
In 1972, she was awarded the OBE for work in the field of education and community relations. In 1992, her work in broadcasting and her contribution to the work of the European Union as the UK member of the Economic and Social Committee was recognised by her being appointed DBE, the first black woman thus to be honoured as a "Dame". She was voted one of the "100 Great Black Britons" in the campaign launched by Every Generation Media in 2003, and in the 2020 relaunched list and accompanying book. She received honorary doctorates from the University of Greenwich in 1993 and from the University of York in 2007. Other affiliations
 Governor of the Commonwealth Institute (for eight years)
 Council Member of Goldsmiths, University of London
 Vice-president of the United Nations Association in the UK
 National vice-president of the Townswomen's Guild
 Patron of the Black Cultural Archives

References

External links
 <mask>'s biodata
 Notice of <mask>'s damehood in London Gazette
 Interview in 2018 with Patrick Vernon
 "Dame <mask> <mask>" by Sal Idriss, National Portrait Gallery, London
 "<mask> Barrow", Drawn Out Thinking, 24 October 2017. Debbie Jacob, "Tributes pour in for champion of equality", Trinidad and Tobago Newsday, 13 April 2020."BTWSC 2015 Dame <mask> Appreciation Presentation". Kwaku, "Dame <mask>: More Needs To Be Done On Her Lifetime Work On Racial And Multi-Cultural Awareness", Black History 365, 17 April 2020. 1929 births
Black British women politicians
Schoolteachers from London
British ethnologists
Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Place of birth missing
Trinidad and Tobago emigrants to the United Kingdom
2020 deaths
British educators
British community activists
Trinidad and Tobago people of Barbadian descent
British people of Barbadian descent
Alumni of the University of London
BBC Board members
Black British

masks:
Jocelyn Barrow
Barrow
Jocelyn Anita
Barrow
Jocelyn
Jocelyn
Jocelyn Barrow


texts:
K<mask> is an Indian film director, editor, and art director who has worked predominantly in Malayalam cinema. Since his debut in 1953, he has edited more than 200 films across Malayalam and Tamil. Early life
He was born in Thikkat house at Nandipuram near Trichur in 1933. <mask> and <mask>ma are his parents. As his father was in Indian Railways his childhood was in Madras. He stopped his studies at the 8th standard. Sarojini is his wife.Film career
<mask> started his film career by assisting Sankar in 1947. His first independent project was Sadarame, a Kannada film. His first film in Malaylam was Ashadeepam (1953). He is a four time recipient of the Kerala State Film Award for Best Editor.

masks:
. Narayanan
Kannan Nair
Kalyaniyam
Narayanan


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<mask> (December 2, 1919 – May 5, 2019) was an American Lindy hop dancer, choreographer, actress, author, and comedian known as the "Queen of Swing". Early life
<mask> was born in 1919 in Harlem, New York City to mother Alma, a charwoman, and father <mask>, a shipyard worker, both from Bridgetown, Barbados. <mask> was named after her father, who died from pneumonia a month before her birth. She had an older sister, Dot. Even though her mother struggled to pay the rent, <mask> was enrolled in dance classes from a very young age. At the age of five, she was performing at amateur nights in theaters. <mask> knew she wanted to be a dancer very early on:"Black girls didn't have many outlets.You had laundry. You had hairdresser. Or teacher. Now, I didn't qualify for none of those. I could dance, I just could just do it naturally." When the Great Depression began in 1929, <mask> and her family moved to a cramped and noisy tenement apartment on 140th street that overlooked the Savoy Ballroom. The windows were open due to the lack of air conditioning and she could hear the house band, which was led by Chick Webb and included singer Ella Fitzgerald.From her fire escape, she would watch the dancers perform the Black Bottom, the Shimmy, the Charleston and the Shim Sham. She would practice dancing in her living room and her school gymnasium. On Easter Sunday in 1932, when <mask> was dressed up from church services, she was dancing outside the Savoy Ballroom, too young to enter. Twist Mouth George Ganaway, "the greatest dancer at the Savoy," was impressed with her dancing. Ganaway gave <mask> a Coca-Cola and asked her to dance in the ballroom for the first time, before <mask> was escorted back outside. <mask>

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 said of the experience:
He just threw me up; my feet never touched the ground. People were screaming and he put me on top of his shoulders, walked me around the ballroom .. . and put me back outside. Greatest moment in my life and I’m excited, excited, and I’m gonna go home and tell my mother and my sister — and then I said no, I better not say nothin’! Career
<mask> attended Manhattan School of the Arts on the Upper West Side. <mask> would dance at the Renaissance Ballroom & Casino, where young people were allowed to dance on Sunday afternoons. In 1934, along with her high school dance partner, Sonny Ashby, <mask> won the Savoy Lindy Hop Contest, held at the Apollo Theater. The next day, Herbert "Whitey" White, the dance master at the Savoy, hired <mask> as the youngest member of his dance troupe, Whitey's Lindy Hoppers. In 1935, <mask> competed in a dance contest called the Harvest Moon Ball at Madison Square Garden.<mask> claimed that she lost the contest because her blouse opened. She then went on a seven-month European tour. In 1936, Whitey's Lindy Hoppers began a tour of the U.S. with headliner Ethel Waters. In 1937, while on tour in California, she met the Marx Brothers, Allan Jones and Maureen O'Sullivan, and made her film debut in A Day at the Races, a movie by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. She danced and sang in the number "All God's Chillun Got Rhythm" which featured singer Ivie Anderson and Duke Ellington's orchestra. Dave Gould, the choreographer, was nominated for an Academy Award for the dance sequence. After the tour, <mask> was hospitalized for fatigue until her 18th birthday in December 1937.<mask> rejoined Whitey's Lindy Hoppers in 1938. For a second time, the group competed in the

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texts: Harvest Moon Ball, hosted that year by Ed Sullivan. <mask> and her partner placed in the top 3, and Sullivan invited them to perform on Toast of the Town (later called The Ed Sullivan Show). Whitey's Lindy Hoppers performed in the 1941 movie Hellzapoppin', where <mask> had a memorable role as a dancing cook, executing breathtaking flips, slides, kicks, splits, and lifts. When they returned from filming, the group went to Rio de Janeiro to perform. Because of the Attack on Pearl Harbor, they were unable to find transportation home and ended up staying for 10 months, nearly exhausting all of their energy and money. In 1942, <mask> joined Whitey's Lindy Hoppers on a three-week tour with Cootie Williams and Pearl Bailey that included performances at the Apollo Theater, the Howard Theatre in Washington, D.C., and the Royal Theatre in Baltimore.<mask> left the group due to “accounting differences” with Whitey, who was known to pay the performers poorly. The group disbanded shortly thereafter since the males were called into service during World War II. In 1943, she took dance classes on the style of Martha Graham taught by Sophie Maslow, the style of Hanya Holm taught by Mary Anthony, and classes by Doris Humphrey and Charles Weidman. To fund the classes, she began working as a producer for Smalls Paradise, a nightclub in Harlem. She toured Canada and the United States and lived in Los Angeles before returning to New York in 1946. From 1952 to 1968, <mask> directed and toured with the <mask> Miller Dancers and <mask> and Her Jazzmen, both of which included Frankie Manning's son Chazz Young as well as her long-time partner Billy Ricker. In 1954, her group toured nationally with Count Basie.Between 1956

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 and 1956, she lived in Miami and performed comedy shows with Cab Calloway and George Kirby, produced by Mervyn Nelson. In Miami, <mask> suffered from racism in renting housing, and was forced to ride in the back of buses and dine in black eateries. In 1959, <mask> moved to Las Vegas, where she lived for much of the 1960s and 1970s. There, she performed with Redd Foxx and Sammy Davis Jr.

<mask> turned to comedy at the advice of Foxx, who told her:Look, you're not going to be able to dance any longer. Your knees are knocking. You better learn to talk. From February 1972 until 1974, <mask> traveled around Vietnam, performing her solo comedy routine for American troops in the Vietnam War.In 1977, she produced a show at the Village Gate in New York and then moved back to Las Vegas, where she starred in and produced shows. In 1982, she moved back to New York and in 1990, she moved back to Las Vegas. Beginning in the 1980s, <mask> played a major role in the swing revival. She was a teacher of swing dance, and taught master classes at Stanford University and the University of Hawaiʻi. For several years in the mid- to late 2010s, <mask> lived in both Fort Myers, Florida and Italy. From May 9–11, 2014, <mask> performed for the first time in Italy at the "L.O.T. (Lindy Old Timers) event" in Montesilvano (Pe), beginning a collaboration with the Italian Swing Dance Society that lead to five years of concerts, festivals, conventions, recordings and books.From 2015 to 2018, <mask> wrote new lyrics and songs that were arranged and recorded with the Italian Billy Bros. Swing Orchestra. In December 2016, the CD A Swingin' Love Fest with <mask> is issued with the Orchestra. From September to October 2017, at age

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 98, she was on a European tour with the Orchestra, consisting of seven concerts in Italy, Slovenja, and Denmark. From August to October 2018, she was on an Italian tour with the Billy Bros. Swing Orchestra, performing in Pescara, Perugia, Genova, Milano, and Palermo. On October 21, 2018, <mask> performed a last concert at the Teatro S. Cecilia in Palermo; she was almost 99.In May 2017, a new edition (sold out) of her book Swing, Baby Swing! was produced with English and Italian text, featuring previously unreleased photographs and other additions. In September 2018, a second printing of the new edition of the book was issued with new pictures, notes and a last chapter about <mask>'s last four years of living in Italy. In September 2017, <mask>'s song "Gimme da Beat" was remixed and issued on the CD Electro Swing New Generation 01 by French DJs Bart & Baker. <mask> presented and taught workshops at Herräng Dance Camp until 2018, when she was 98. A CD with six more songs of <mask> is to be produced in 2021 with the Billy Bros. Swing Orchestra.Personal life
<mask> never married. From 1941 to 1947, she was in a relationship with performer Roy Glenn, whom she met while filming Hellzapoppin'''. They put off marriage plans many times and decided to separate in 1947. Glenn died in 1971. Death
On May 5, 2019, <mask> died from congestive heart failure at the age of 99. She had just produced new music. Published works
Books
<mask> wrote or played a major role in several books, including:
 Me & John Biffar: A Love Story, which chronicles her friendship with filmmaker John Biffar.Swing, Baby Swing! follows the evolution of swing dance into the 21st century. Swingin' at the Savoy: The Memoir of a Jazz Dancer,


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 <mask>'s autobiography, describes her early life and meetings with Frankie Manning, Ella Fitzgerald, Duke Ellington, Count Basie, Ethel Waters, and Chick Webb. Stompin' at the Savoy: The Story of <mask>  is a children's book by Alan Govenar, chronicling her life, published in 2006. The Redd Foxx Encyclopedia of Black Humor, was co-written by <mask> and Redd Foxx in 1977. Discography
 Healthy, Sexless & Single, <mask>; 1972. A Swingin' Love Fest with <mask>, Billy Bros.Swing Orchestra; 2016. Electro Swing New Generation 01, by Bart & Baker, feat. "Gimme da Beat"; 2017. Filmography
<mask>'s most well-known film appearance is in the lindy hop scene in [[Hellzapoppin' (film)|Hellzapoppin']], featuring Whitey's Lindy Hoppers. Films

Television

Documentary appearances

Broadway productions
 Swingin' The Dream, 1939, dancer
 Lew Leslie's Blackbirds of 1939, 1939, dancer
 Run, Little Chillun, 1943, dancer

Awards
In 2003, <mask> was honored with a National Heritage Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts for creating and continuing to preserve "the acrobatic style of swing dancing known as the Lindy Hop". References

External links

Swing Central party with <mask>
<mask> at Find a Grave

1919 births
2019 deaths
People from Harlem
20th-century American actresses
African-American female dancers
American women singer-songwriters
American people of Barbadian descent
American swing dancers
Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)
Lindy Hop
National Heritage Fellowship winners
Dancers from New York (state)
Actresses from New York (state)
20th-century African-American women singers
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
Singer-songwriters from New York

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<mask> (22 July 1786 – 15 May 1856) was a British Conservative and Tory politician. <mask> was the second surviving son of Sir <mask>, 1st Baronet and  his second wife, Anna Barbara née Whitworth. He never married. Military career
Described by memoirist William Hickey as a "fine dashing youth", <mask> entered  as a cadet in the British Indian Army in 1800, becoming an ensign in the 17th Infantry (The Loyal Regiment) in 1801, and a lieutenant in the 21st Bengal Native Infantry 1803. In July 1810, he was appointed to the command of the escort at Hyderabad, and also took temporary responsibility for the residency's business until his brother, Sir <mask>, 2nd Baronet arrived from his post at Poona. Becoming a captain in 1818, <mask> then took furlough in 1817, returning to the United Kingdom via Saint Helena, where he witnessed Napoleon—who had then been exiled to the island—walking in front of his house in Longwood. <mask> declined to meet Napoleon after being told he must address the former revolutionary leader as 'General'.Upon return to England, <mask> lived mostly in London, and formally retired from the army in 1822, then becoming a proprietor of East India Company stock. Corruption scandal
Alongside his brother, Henry, <mask> was implicated in a corruption scandal where Lord Hastings, a Governor-General of India, was alleged to have acted partially on behalf of Palmer and Company, a Hyderabad banking house. The <mask>s were found to have to have been involved in and profited from the firm's dealings with the Nizam of Hyderabad, Mir Akbar Ali Khan, directly from Hastings' 1816 decision

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 to exempt the house from a ban on lending money to native princes. <mask>'s successor, Sir <mask>fe, discovered a loan in 1820 that was both fictitious and fraudulent. An investigation was launched by the East India Company, which in 1824 ordered the relevant papers to be printed. <mask> launched a defence of himself and his brother, <mask>, titled Letter to the Court of Directors, arguing the allegations had arisen from "acrimonious party spirit" and complaining that no opportunity had been granted to defend themselves. The matter was debated in court in February 1825, where Henry defended the pair, and they were both absolved in a move designed to avoid a charge of peculation against Hastings.Political career

Colchester, 1826
Shortly after, <mask> was approached to contest the 1826 general election at Colchester but this was blocked by his father if it resulted in a contest. <mask> offered to stand for the seat in Henry's place, noting he would resign from the race if it resulted in a contest, if this would ensure the Hyderabad affair was not raised in parliament, but he was "not very solicitous about it" and did not mention this idea to their father. Brother Henry vetoed the idea, regardless, arguing there was too high a risk of being involved in a difficult contest, especially against the Radical sitting Member of Parliament (MP) Daniel Whittle Harvey, who had previously attacked their father in 1820 and had since become interested in the Hyderabad affair—and was likely to exploit it in order to "defame" <mask>. Despite this, Henry recommended <mask> to seek election at any other

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 "close seat at a fair price", not seeing the Indian scandal as a barrier to a political career. <mask>, however, believed there was little chance of a contest at Colchester, but decided not to stand, arguing it was in Harvey's "interest as much as ours to keep things quiet", and said:

At the same general election, <mask> and his wife actively supported the canvas of Tory candidate George Spence, who opposed Catholic emancipation, in a bid to remove the sitting Whig MP <mask> Palmer. The campaign was successful, although Spence was removed just nine months later via an election petition issued by Fyshe Palmer. Henry intervened in a bid to, at some point, also stand for the borough, but <mask> warned him to procee cautiously and avoid being "drawn into the town set".At a celebration dinner in July of that year, Henry professed support for Catholic emancipation, and accused Fyshe Palmer and John Monck—a radical Whig MP for the borough—of seeking to obstruct a liberalising government. <mask> complimented his brother on the speech, saying:

1827–1830
The following year, <mask> accompanied his brother on a tour of Flanders, Germany, Switzerland and France. The year after, he went to Dover to investigate the possibility of standing for the borough constituency, but decided against doing so. He was then approached by a stockbroker cousin of Southampton Tory MP Abel Rous Dottin to purchase a £63,000 property in an unnamed borough, which was said to guarantee the occupier command of 214 electors of both seats. A peerage was also on offer for a further £40,000, but <mask> reported to his brother

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 that nothing came of the "gross fudge". In 1829, <mask> again received an offer from the same source to allow himself, or Henry, to gain the seat of Leominster upon the retirement of Tory MP Rowland Stephenson. <mask> was not convinced by assurances that there would be no contest and so did not pursue the matter.MP for Reading

1830–1831
In the following year, Tory MP Spence told <mask> that the Tory government's Chief Whip, William Holmes, was seeking to understand whether Henry "wished to be in parliament" and, if so, would support the Wellington–Peel Ministry. The result of these conversations, however, was that <mask> was elected Tory MP for Reading at that year's general election, when Monck retired and, in an about-face, recommended the Whig Stephen Lushington to replace him. At the hustings for the election, <mask> addressed accusations that he was an advocate of West Indian slavery and the "promoter of monopoly" by the East India Company, stating he "utterly abhorred" slavery but that abolishing it required a "measure for the protection of British property". He added he had no "tie to bind him" to the company and its interests. After a bitter and prolonged contest, caused by the referral of disputed votes to the assessor, <mask> secured the seat and claimed it had been "rescued... from the intolerable burden which oppressed it", claiming he would "go to Parliament a free and independent member". To his brother, he expressed:

At a celebration dinner in September of that year, he observed there were many differences still remaining between the Tories and Whigs, and added that the

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 Whigs:

He sought to convinced moderate Whigs that "we are no more enamoured than they are of a despotic power, but that we would only so temper our love of civil liberty, as to prevent freedom from degenerating into licence, anarchy and revolution". The Wellington ministry saw <mask> was one of their "friends" and, in October 1830, he met with the Patronage Secretary, Joseph Planta, who reported to <mask> that he was "courteous and complimentary".<mask> did not attend a constituency meeting the next day, at which a petition calling for repeal of the house and window taxes was presented. Upon hearing of this, <mask> observed to his brother that "my troubles begin to thicken on me" and that the petition was "hard under a declining revenue to force on a minister speciic repeals of taxation". Despite this, he agreed to present the petition, and any others, but refused to pledge himself to it "until I see what measures are proposed by the government". <mask> also avoided an anti-slavery petition organised by local quakers, pleading he had a prior engagement in London, and adding:

<mask> avoided another meeting, on the same day, on the subject of reform, at which Palmer was present. <mask> did not take his seat in the House of Commons until October 1830, and immediately shared in the belief that the government had acted "foolishly" on cancelling the royal visit to the City of London on 9 November of that year. Yet, he struggled on the problem of distress" noting it was "severe" among "parts of the agricultural population" but was "by no means general". He concluded that he should say little

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 on the matter, particularly with petitions from constituents pending, and noted the government had few speakers supporting its position on the matter.In November, he voted silently with the ministers on the civil list, but the vote failed and the government was brought down, leading to a Whig government formed by Lord Grey. In the same month, as he had feared, a petition was lodged against his election, alleging bribery and corruption, but this was not persevered as its promoters believed parliament would be dissolved and an election would be called. <mask> admitted this was a "great relief", but he remained anxious that accounts should be settled and care should be taken when "making illegal payments". While this concern was over, he faced further wrath from his constituents who, as the Berkshire Chronicle reported, were "disappointed" at his vote on the civil. <mask> was prepared to defend himself, arguing the vote had not been "a question of economy" but one of "whether the Duke of Wellington or Lord Grey should be premier", adding "I should have been a coward and traitor if I had not voted as I did", if the liberal Reading Mercury attacked the vote. No action was taken immediately, but <mask> came under "very unreasonable" fire from his leading friends, who were "greviously offended". In an explanation to his brother, <mask> said:

In any event, <mask> was prepared to go to Reading in person to pacify his critics, if his brother approved, and when he was denounced by the Reading Mercury at the end of the month, he wrote a written reply for the Berkshire Chronicle—and considered

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 whether to couple this with an attack on the new government.Nevertheless, he decided that there was a "desire to give a fair trial" to the new government, noting "the opinion of the necessity of economy and reform seems universal and prevails with both parties". He told his brother "we must manage any attack on the present ministry cautiously". He continued to contemplate a speech on the assessed taxes and whether to present a scheme for their modification, and regarded the Chronicle article as "capital", but disregarded an idea by his chief agent, Alfred Compigne, that he should justify his vote in a public letter to constituents. He said:

In December 1830, <mask> both presented an anti-slavery petition from the women of Reading and asked if there was any prospect of a Reading reform meeting, noting he "has always been favourable to granting representatives to the large unrepresented towns", believing this would "prove the means of checking the torrent of reform". By the start of 1831, <mask> was still busy trying to finalise his election accounts and, alarmed by reports of plans to dissolve parliament, he planned to return to Reading. His brother advised him and Monck to make a plea to the Home Secretary Lord Melbourne to provide clemency to the so-called 'Swing' rioters who had been sentenced to death at a recent special commission. <mask> attended, with Palmer, a local reform meeting despite believing its signatories were "few and scurvy" and that the meeting was no longer a party matter, believing the Whig government should decide the details  on "a firm conviction of its

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texts: expediency".He said he was prepared to support a "temperate" measure of the type advocated by the government, but disputed that the ballot would "lead to the results which the supports of it expected". His brother did not think "any substantial use" could be made of the argument that the ballot would destroy beneficial "social influences" and admit the "evil" influences advocated by Radicals William Cobbett and Richard Carlile. Despite this, <mask> planned to speak on the motion proposed by Henry Warburton, and Henry wrote a speech on this. At a town meeting in January 1831, <mask> reiterated his willingness to support "practical and substantial reform" as long as it was "temperate and consonant with the principles and practice of the English constitution", but flatly refused to countenance the ballot, and again had to defend his vote on the civil list. He said he supported the previous government "because he believed them friends to economy and peace" but would support the current government if they showed similar support for the same principles. Radicals agreed he had performed well and with unsuspected ability. <mask> later told his brother that the proposed reform scheme was "gigantic in its dimensions, and it is impossible to contemplate such vast changes without anxiety and alarm.As regards the main point after all, however, the degree in which it will increase the democratic element of our constitution, it has some redeeming virtues." He particularly agreed with the increase in members for county constituencies and to exclude borough voters from counties which, he said, would

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texts: "introduce into the house a phalanx of country gentleman connected with the most solid property in the company". He also supported plans for a £10 householder borough franchise, removing non-resident voters, and shortening the duration of the polls. His brother said he "must support the measure", adding it was "popular among the most Tory of our friends" and doing so would "not displease any of your party, and you will conciliate several of the adverse party". Nevertheless, <mask> continued to be "alarmed at the magnitude of the changes" but believed the country would "never be satisfied till they are carried" and would therefore supprt the bill "on public... as well as on personal considerations". His agent urged him to speak on the matter, but worried about "making any debut on such a question" believing the "fall from such a height will be tremendous" so <mask> should first make speeches on "less ambitious views". Henry was asked to draft a speech, and did so "strongly and unreservedly in its favour", believing it would only benefit <mask>'s position amongst the electorate.He then advised <mask> to give a silent vote at the bill's second reading, and then speak at committee stage praising the bill's "principle of raising the respectability of the electors". Indeed, he further advocated raising the borough franchise to £12, or making it £10 based on rates rather than rent. Henry believed this would get rid of opposition from the electorate that were prone to bribery or to support the Radicals. Yet, he warned he "must not openly propose or advocate the change, for fear of giving offence

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 to the parties who would be affected by it". <mask> was attracted by this idea, but composed a speech a set speech on the principle of the measure in case it was required. Compigne was, however, adamant that it would be electorally advantageous, causing <mask> to complain to this brother:

Upon request, Henry provided a speech for a town meeting on the matter to <mask> in the hope it would "please your hearers, those of our own, as well as of the adverse party, despite <mask> complaining the meetings were "prodigious bores". <mask> told his brother:

Despite this animosity, at the meeting, he declared his unequivocal support the bill, which he said was based on the "combined principles of population and property; population, to infuse into the system the spirit of real and popular representation; property, to impart to it a character of stability and order".He did not in the end make a set speech at the bill's second reading but, when Palmer presented a petition to the house, he "forced on the house, which was very reluctant to listen to me", a "few words" supporting both the petition and the bill. He then voted for the bill at its second reading, and his intervention escaped the notice of journalists. Yet, <mask> felt parliament would have to be dissolved, regardless of whether the bill passed, noting he was unable to reconcile "how Lord Grey is to carry on the business of the country with the present house" while "Peel would probably shrink from forming a new administration on the unpopular basis of a reform short of that now proposed". 1831–1832
He was correct, and at the general

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texts: election that year, he pledged his intention to give "honest support" to the bill, and was returned unopposed alongside Palmer. At the hustings, he reiterated his support for the bill on the grounds that "legitimate power given to property" and "that influence conferred on those classes where influence ought to reside". He reserved a right on any alterations, but denied that would do so in "any covert spirit of hostility". Shortly after his election, <mask> fell ill and was unable to attend the opening weeks of the new parliament, obtaining a fortnight's sick leave, before attending for the first time on 26 July 1831.His first vote was then in the committee stage of the reintroduced reform bill, when he divided for the partial disfranchisement of Sudbury, despite believing his opponents "had much reason on their side". He continued to vote steadily in favour of the bill for the remainder of that month and, fearing backlash if he missed a debate on the borough qualification proposals, missed his father's 80th birthday celebrations on 19 August. He then spoke, under "urgent" pressure from Compigne, on the qualification clause on 24 August. After this, he was not known to have spoken again in parliament, and voted with ministers for the prosecution of those found guilty of giving bribes at the Dublin City election on 23 August. Again, he feared early dissolution of parliament if the House of Lords rejected the bill, and he asked his brother to put in order their election accounts so that they could avoid "the wasteful and exorbitant expenditure" foisted on them in 1830. He missed the


texts:
 unexpected vote on the bill's third division on 19 September, as he was at a dinner, but voted in favour of its passage two days later. Anticipating a motion by Lord Ebrington on confidence in the ministry, he told his brother:

Henry endorsed the message and <mask> then divided for the motion, although he was unable to see "what advantage" ministers derived from it.<mask> then missed a meeting in Reading called by Monck and local radicals to address William IV on the issue of reform, as he received the invitation too late. He also feared that, if a county meeting was called, his presence would be "extremely awkward" as he "could not avoid taking a decisive tone in supporting reform or I should be considered as a trimmer by the reformers; and if I did take a decisive tone I should offend many of the old Blue party". However, no meeting took place. He was again struck ill in the autumn from a "deranged stomach, a dry hacking cough" and reported that "the secretions of my bowels are slimy and unhealthy" and used this as an excuse to avoid attending a dinner in Reading to pay tribute to Monck on 22 November. Still ill, he attended the State Opening of Parliament, and began to doubt the revisions put forward by the Grey ministry to the reform bill, wondering "by what means Lord Grey proposes to carry it through the Lords". He soon learned of a plan to appoint 45 new peers, and divided for the bill's second reading on 17 December 1831, as well as to deprive 30 boroughs of one member on 23 January 1832. He voted with the government on reforms to Appleby, Helston and Tower Hamlets, and for the

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 bill's third reading on 22 March.On 14 May, he once again stayed away from a Reading meeting on the subject, with his brother noting:

On 22 February, he was appointed to the select committee on the East India Company's affairs, a day after his brother had given evidence to its political and foreign sub-committee—which also happened on 30 March, and in the military sub-committee on 19 April. Ahead of the dissolution of parliament, <mask> wrote to the chairman saying these was no reason to worry about his absence, noting his votes provided the "best proofs of his sincerity in the cause of reform". He voted in favour of the second reading of the Irish reform bill on 25 May and against any increase in Scottish county representation on 1 June. 1832–1847
<mask> was subsequently returned again for Reading at the 1832 general election, when he pledged for cautious reform of the church and the Corn Laws but evaded questions on slavery, triennial parliaments and municipal reform. He began to gravitate towards Peelite Conservatives and it was in that regard he was re-elected in 1835 and lost an election in 1837. He regained the seat in 1841 before losing it again in 1847 and retiring from politics. Later life and death
Then living in Adelaide Place near London Bridge, in 1839, he became a member of the Institution of Civil Engineers.Between 1839 and 1855, he was a "forceful and successful" chairman of the Great Western Railway, retiring due to ill health. In 1856, he committed suicide at his home in Argyle Street, London, becoming the second of four Reading MPs to take his own life. An inquest