texts: to private issues and on 7 June he expressed an interest in the vacant managerial role at Blackburn Rovers. On 20 June, however, he was confirmed as the new manager of Twente. McClaren made a good start to the 2008–09 season. The club went on to secure second place in the Eredivisie behind winners AZ, reached the final of the KNVB Cup (losing on penalties to Heerenveen) and on the European front, the club survived group stages in the UEFA Cup, having beaten amongst others Racing de Santander and Schalke 04, managed by McClaren's predecessor at Twente, Fred Rutten. It was the first time in 30 years that the club had remained in European competition beyond winter.Twente were eventually knocked out on penalties in the Round of 32 by Marseille. At the start of the 2009–10 campaign, McClaren's second season at Twente, there were question-marks over how well newcomers Bryan Ruiz and Miroslav Stoch would be able to replace the departed Eljero Elia and Marko Arnautović, who had been at the core of Twente's second-place finish in the league the preceding year. McClaren, however, led the team to some impressive results, with Twente reaching the top of the Eredivisie in October and remaining top throughout the next few months. Twente, which had never won an Eredivisie title in its history, continued to top the league in the latter part of the season, holding off the likes of renowned competitors PSV and Ajax, and seriously emerged as title favourites. They also reached the first knockout round of the inaugural Europa League, where they were defeated by Werder Bremen. McClaren signed a one-year extension to his contract in October 2009. On 2 May 2010, Twente were crowned champions for the first time in their history after a 2–0 win away to NAC Breda.On winning the Eredivisie, McClaren became the first Englishman to manage a team to a top-level domestic league title since Bobby Robson with Porto in 1996 (Robson also won the Dutch title with PSV in 1991 and 1992). Robson had in fact been a


type: original

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 major influence in McClaren's decision to go to the Netherlands. According to McClaren, "The relationship I had with Bobby was very special. He was a good friend and was of big influence on my decision to join FC Twente. I'd like to think that he'll be watching from a cloud up above and wishes us the best as we play the last game in the league against NAC." Twente won 16 of 17 home matches in the Eredivisie league that season and lost just two away. Twente withstood immense pressure from Martin Jol's Ajax (who won their last 14 games in a row and had a goal difference of +86, more than double Twente's +40) during the second half of the season and trumped the Amsterdam side by one point difference on the last day of the league to claim the title.Upon winning the championship, McClaren stated, "Winning the Carling Cup with Middlesbrough was special but this is pretty much right up at the top of anything I've ever done. To win a championship in a foreign country with foreign coaches, I think it's made me stronger." At the end of the season, McClaren was awarded the Rinus Michels Award for Dutch manager of the season. VfL Wolfsburg
Despite winning the Dutch league with Twente, McClaren left the club on 11 May 2010 to take over as manager of Bundesliga side VfL Wolfsburg, making him the first Englishman to manage a German top flight football club. Wolfsburg lost their first three league matches under McClaren – including a 2–1 injury time away loss to Bayern Munich on the opening day of the season, followed by a 4–3 home loss to Mainz 05 having led 3–0 after 30 minutes – but got off the mark with a 2–0 home win against Hannover 96. Wolfsburg then won their next two matches convincingly to rise to sixth in the table. Despite struggling in the league, on 23 December 2010 the club publicly showed a vote of confidence in McClaren.Due to further poor results, however, on 7 February 2011 the board decided to dismiss McClaren with immediate effect. Nottingham Forest
McClaren succeeded Billy


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 Davies as manager of Nottingham Forest on 13 June 2011. McClaren made five signings by getting Andy Reid to return to his former club from Blackpool on a free transfer, Ishmael Miller from West Bromwich Albion for a fee of £1.2 million, Matt Derbyshire for an undisclosed fee from Olympiacos. George Boateng on a free transfer from Skoda Xanthi and Jonathan Greening from Fulham for a fee of £600,000. After Forest only won eight points from his first ten league games in charge, McClaren resigned as manager. Return to Twente

On 5 January 2012, Twente confirmed that McClaren has been appointed as the club's manager for the second time. In the press conference after being unveiled as manager, McClaren said his return to Twente was "an easy decision" to make and wanted to set his sights on winning the Eredivisie title.McClaren made his first match back as manager for the second time when Twente hammered RKC Waalwijk 5–0. His return was welcomed by the club's supporters, who wore "Welcome Back Steve" T-shirts during Saturday's game. In the January transfer window, McClaren caused controversy when he sold one of their best strikers, Marc Janko, to Porto for approximately £5 million. Despite this, McClaren invested money to sign Wesley Verhoek from ADO Den Haag for £1.5 million (a player McClaren had previously tried to sign while in charge at Nottingham Forest but the proposed deal fell through) and Glynor Plet from Heracles Almelo for £1.5 million. McClaren also signed Joshua John and Daniel Fernandes on a free transfer. After a disappointing sixth place, Twente invested in new players including Dušan Tadić and Luc Castaignos. Twente made it through the group stages of the Europa League, while winning the first six league matches.McClaren became the second foreign trainer in the Eredivisie who has coached more than 100 matches. After growing criticism from supporters, McClaren resigned his position on 26 February 2013, stating, "We agree the Club is bigger than any one individual and


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 Twente is too big in my heart to stand in the way of its progress." Derby County
On 2 July 2013, McClaren became part of Harry Redknapp's coaching staff at Queens Park Rangers in the Championship after agreeing a short-term, three-month deal. However, In September, McClaren returned to Derby County when he was appointed head coach to replace Nigel Clough, signing a two-and-a-half-year contract. He appointed former Derby winger Paul Simpson and former Manchester United goalkeeping coach Eric Steele to his backroom staff. Derby's first match following McClaren's appointment was at home to Ipswich Town, though academy manager Darren Wassall took charge of the team. With Derby trailing 4–1 at half time, McClaren entered the home dressing room to give a "rousing" speech to inspire a Derby fight back for a 4–4 draw.McClaren's first two games in charge brought successive victories, as he earned Derby their first league home win of the season with a tenth successive victory over Leeds United (3–1) and inflicted Watford's first home defeat of the season with a 3–2 away win. The Watford victory earned McClaren the LMA Performance of the Week award. After Derby picked up 19 points from a possible 21 in December 2013, McClaren was awarded the Championship Manager of the Month award. Derby went on to finish third in the Championship in the 2013–14 season, amassing 85 points and qualifying for the Championship play-offs. After beating Brighton & Hove Albion over two legs in the semi-finals, Derby faced McClaren's former employers QPR in the final at Wembley Stadium, where they lost 1–0 to a last minute Bobby Zamora goal. This left Derby's quest for a return to the Premier League extending into its seventh season. Derby enjoyed a strong opening two-thirds of the 2014–15 season, topping the table on three separate occasions and reaching the League Cup quarter-finals.However, after a 2–0 victory over Charlton Athletic on 24 February took Derby to the top of the division, their form nose-dived and


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 they managed just two wins, against eventually relegated Wigan Athletic and Blackpool, in their remaining 13 fixtures. They missed out on the play-offs altogether after a 3–0 defeat at home to Reading on the last day of the season, when a point would have sufficed. The drastic loss in form was attributed by McClaren to injuries to key players, especially striker Chris Martin, although local press also believed that constant speculation linking McClaren to the Newcastle United job had been a contributing factor. On 25 May 2015, McClaren was dismissed by Derby. Newcastle United
On 10 June 2015, McClaren was appointed as the replacement for caretaker manager John Carver as head coach of Premier League side Newcastle United. He signed a three-year deal with the club, with an option to extend the contract to eight years. He was also appointed to the Newcastle United board of directors, along with chief scout Graham Carr and club ambassador Bobby Moncur.On 18 October, after eight matches without a win, McClaren won his first Premier League game as manager of Newcastle with a 6–2 home victory against Norwich City. This was McClaren's first win in the Premier League since his Middlesbrough side beat West Ham 2–0 on 17 April 2006. Six days after a 3–1 home defeat to AFC Bournemouth, McClaren was dismissed by Newcastle on 11 March 2016. Return to Derby County
McClaren returned to Derby on 12 October 2016 for a second spell as manager after the departure of Nigel Pearson. His first game in charge during his second spell was a 1–0 home win against Leeds United. He was dismissed on 12 March 2017 after a 3–0 loss to Brighton. Maccabi Tel Aviv
In August 2017, McClaren joined Maccabi Tel Aviv as a coaching consultant.He vacated the post on 28 December. Queens Park Rangers
On 18 May 2018, McClaren was appointed as the new manager of Championship club Queens Park Rangers on a two-year contract, replacing Ian Holloway, who was dismissed by the club a week previously after a poor run of results in


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 their previous league campaign. McClaren was dismissed as QPR manager on 1 April 2019 following a 2–1 home defeat to Bolton Wanderers on 30 March 2019 and a run of one win in 15 games. Return to Derby County
McClaren returned to Derby County on 24 November 2020 when being appointed as technical director. He stepped down from this role on 28 September 2021 after Derby entered administration, but remained at the club as a part-time senior adviser. Personal life
McClaren is married to Kathryn, with whom he has three sons: Joe, Sam and Josh. As of 2006, McClaren lived in the town of Yarm in Stockton-on-Tees.On becoming manager of VfL Wolfsburg, <mask> moved with his wife and youngest son to Germany, taking residence on Herr Island. Managerial statistics

Honours

Player
Derby County
Football League Second Division: 1986–87

Manager
Middlesbrough
Football League Cup: 2003–04

Twente
Eredivisie: 2009–10

References

External links

Lincoln City F.C. official archive profile

1961 births
Living people
Footballers from York
English footballers
Association football midfielders
Hull City A.F.C. players
Derby County F.C. players
Lincoln City F.C. players
Bristol City F.C. players
Oxford United F.C.players
English Football League players
English football managers
Middlesbrough F.C. managers
England national football team managers
FC Twente managers
VfL Wolfsburg managers
Nottingham Forest F.C. managers
Derby County F.C. managers
Newcastle United F.C. managers
Queens Park Rangers F.C. managers
Premier League managers
Eredivisie managers
Bundesliga managers
English Football League managers
Rinus Michels Award winners
Association football coaches
Oxford United F.C. non-playing staff
Derby County F.C.non-playing staff
Manchester United F.C. non-playing staff
English expatriate football managers
Expatriate football managers in Germany
Expatriate football managers in the Netherlands
English expatriate sportspeople in Germany
English expatriate sportspeople in Israel
English expatriate sportspeople


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<mask>  (born December 19, 1960) is a spiritual leader, best selling author, Vedic scholar, and authority on mind management. He is the founder of JKYog (Jagadguru Kripaluji Yog) India, a non-profit organization based in Cuttack, Odisha and JKYog, a nonprofit organization based in Dallas, Texas, which offers a unique Yogic system, also known as Yoga for the Body, Mind and Soul. Biography

Early life and education

As a child, Swami Mukundananda spent long hours in meditation and contemplation. He received a postgraduate degree from the IIM Calcutta. After that, he worked for some time with one of India's most topmost industrial houses. He left a career in business to join the order of Sannyas, dedicating his time to devotional pursuits and travelled throughout India as a Sanyasi. Under the guidance of guru' ' Jagadguru Shree Kripaluji Maharaj who is lovingly called "Maharajji" by his devotees, Mukundananda studied the Vedic scriptures, Indian and Western philosophy, and Bhakti Yog.Kripaluji Maharaj entrusted him with the key task of spreading Vedic knowledge around the globe. The journey

For more than quarter century, Swami Mukundananda has been travelling around the world, awakening thousands of minds by spreading profound knowledge of the Vedas. He has unveiled the way to explain the hardest meaning of the Vedas in the modern context using the perfect logic, simple-yet-scientific approach. JKYog

 Teachings and philosophy
Swami Mukundananda formulated JKYog, a system of yoga that incorporates elements of both Hatha yoga and Bhakti yoga,"US Tour" http://www.prweb.com/ and founded a nonprofit organization of the same name to promote the practice throughout the United States and India. "Satsang Centers" JKYog.org JKYog is


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 headquartered at the Radha Krishna Temple in Allen, Texas. In May 2020, Swami Mukundananda launched the expansion of JKYog activities beyond USA to many major cities across the globe. He has been invited to speak at various institutions namely Google, Oracle, Yahoo, Verizon, M.D.Anderson Cancer Center, United Nations, Stanford University, Princeton University, MIT, Kellogg School of Management and Duke University. Temples and Congregation centres

Swami Mukundananda travels to many cities in United States and India every year to conduct week-long programs that incorporate  yoga sessions, meditation sessions and spiritual discourses. "7 Mindsets for Success in Life and Beyond"

He has founded the Radha Krishna temple of Dallas in Allen, Texas. He has also established several congregation centres in different cities of United States and India. The main ashram of Swami Mukundananda in India  is located in Banara, Cuttack, India, and is spread over 100 acres of land. There is also a fully functional charitable hospital and a naturopathy hospital on the same campus. Jagadguru Kripalu University

The government of Odisha approved the Jagadguru Kripalu University in April 2018.<mask> is the president of the university, which is presently under construction. In the first phase, the university will offer higher learning in Sanskrit, Yoga, Naturopathy, Health Administration, Philosophy, Religion and Comparative Religion. Recent engagement

<mask> was invited by Madras Management Association (MMA) to deliver the Keynote Address during the MMA Annual Convention 2020 where he delivered a talk on 'Mindsets for True Success'. Due to the COVID-19 situation, in 2020 Swami Mukundananda conducted an online event to celebrate the

masks:
Swami Mukundananda
Swami Mukundananda


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 International Day of Yoga (June 20–26, 2020), where over 100 sessions were organized including yoga, pranayama, holistic health, health and wellness seminars and workshops. <mask> was distinguished speaker at his alma mater IIT Delhi for Diamond jubilee celebrations. <mask> Ji, was one of the speakers in Bhagavad Gita Summit (from 10th - 14th December 2021) during Gita Jayanti at Dallas, Texas, US along with other notable personalities such as Dr. Menas Kafatos, Mr. Shiv Khera, Kiran Bedi, Brahmacharini Gloria Arieira, Dantu Muralikrishna and others. Good mental health in a post-pandemic world

Considering the mental health problems that have resulted from COVID-19 pandemic around the globe, in the 2021 International Yoga festival Swami Mukundananda discussed the link between Yoga and good mental health.He said, "When facing a calamity, one of the biggest virtues is strength. Perceive these unusual circumstances as a window of opportunity to grow from within. Try to nurture your inner character, integrity, well-being, and divinity. The pandemic gave people an opportunity to rethink priorities in life – to shift from running from external accomplishments to growing from within. People who strengthened the foundation of their inner divine qualities during the lockdown have become more capable of tackling the challenges of the post-pandemic external world." In his discussion, he emphasized on three key points to help overcome mental health problems: 1. First, establish a daily routine of Yoga; 2.Second, set aside time for the practice of Pranayama; 3. Third, engage in Meditation as a spiritual practice to keep the body and mind relaxed and in a positive state. Bibliography
 7 Divine Laws to Awaken Your Best Self  (2020)
 The


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 Science of Mind Management : With proper knowledge, training, and discipline, it is possible to unleash the mind's infinite potential   (2020)
 7 Mindsets for Success, Happiness and Fulfilment (Hindi)  (2020)
 7 Mindsets for Success, Happiness and Fulfilment (Marathi)  (2020)
 7 Mindsets for Success, Happiness and Fulfilment (English)  (2019)
 Science of Healthy Diet  (2017)
 Bhagavad Gita: The Song of God  (2013)
 Essence of Hinduism: Principles of Hindu philosophy and traditions. A summary of the Vedic scriptures  (2011)
 Spiritual Dialectics : Answers to some of the challenging questions on spirituality  (2011)
 Yoga for the Body, Mind and Soul: Comprehensive book on Yogasans, Pranayams, Subtle body relaxation, Meditation  (2011)
 Inspiring Stories for Children, Vol. 1:  (2010)
 Inspiring Stories for Children, Vol. 2:  (2010)
 Inspiring Stories for Children, Vol. 3:  (2010)
 Inspiring Stories for Children, Vol.4:  (2010)
 Bal-Mukund Festivals of India : All major festivals of India and their spiritual, cultural and religious significance  (2010)
 Bal-Mukund Wisdom Book : Noble values for children's personality development. Verses and chants for children to learn  (2010)
 Bal-Mukund Saints of India : Great saints of India and their influence on society  (2010)

 7 Mindsets for Success, Happiness and Fulfilment
As Swami Mukundananda emphasizes the importance of mind management in all his talks, so he has authored the book "7 Mindsets for Success, Happiness and Fulfilment" that describes how to discover the limitless potential of the mind and live a life of inspiration & Purpose, Forge one's destiny with every thought and learn the secret to stress-free living, utilize the power of habits to transform oneself and let go of


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 the past and live in the present. "7 mindsets for success happiness and fulfillment by Swami Mukundananda"" Swami Mukundananda on 7 mindsets for success happiness and fulfillment"

 The Science of Mind Management
Swami Mukundananda has authored his second book on mind management, called "The Science of Mind Management". It explains that the quality of our mind determines the quality of the life we lead. The mind can be our greatest ally or our worst adversary. A mind that runs amok could steal our inner peace and undermine our every productive endeavor. Yet, with proper knowledge, training and discipline, it is possible to unleash the mind's infinite potential.He charts the four different aspects of the human mind and lays down a clear path towards mastering it. Through witty anecdotes, real-life accounts and stories from the Vedic scriptures, he gently guides readers on the road to winning their inner battle. The book was ranked second in the Hindustan Times Nielsen's bestseller list. 7 Divine Laws to Awaken Your Best Self
In December 2020, HarperCollins India published 7 Divine Laws to Awaken Your Best Self'', written by Swami Mukundananda. The book explains that like laws regulating physical phenomena, there are spiritual laws governing the journey of life. Knowledge of them helps us understand why success comes so easily to some but remains a struggle for others. In this book, he describes 7 divine laws for a successful life.References

External links
  of Swami Mukundananda
 "Swami Mukundananda". www.jkyog.org. Retrieved 26 January 2019. 1960 births
Living people
20th-century Hindu religious leaders
21st-century Hindu religious leaders
Devotees of Krishna
Hindu revivalist writers
Indian Vaishnavites
Translators of the


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<mask>   (June 26, 1842 – 1923), was a woman who claimed to have masqueraded as a male Confederate soldier during the American Civil War, though her story has been brought into question by recent scholarship. The book she wrote about her experiences claims that after her soldier husband's accidental death, she enlisted in the Confederate States Army in 1861. She then fought at Bull Run, Ball's Bluff, and Fort Donelson, but was discharged when her gender was discovered while in New Orleans. Undeterred, she reenlisted and fought at Shiloh, until unmasked once more. She then became a Confederate spy, working in both male and female guises, and as a double agent also reporting to the U.S. Secret Service. She remarried three more times, being widowed in each instance. According to William C. Davis, she died in January 1923 under the name Loretta J.Beard after many years away from the public eye in a public psychiatric facility, St. Elizabeths Hospital. The Woman in Battle
<mask> recorded her adventures in her 600-page book, The Woman in Battle: A Narrative of the Exploits, Adventures, and travels of Madame <mask> <mask> <mask>, Otherwise Known as Lieutenant Harry T. Buford, Confederate States Army (1876) to support her son. The Confederate general Jubal Early refused to accept her memoirs as fact, and modern scholars have cast doubt upon the veracity of the book's claims. Birth and family
According to her book, <mask> <mask> <mask> was born in Havana, Cuba, on June 26, 1842, to a wealthy Cuban official and a mother of French and American ancestry. She also used the name Alice Williams. According to her own account, <mask> was of Castilian descent and related to Cuban governor <mask> de Cuéllar and artist <mask>. Her father was a Spanish government official who owned plantations in Mexico and Cuba.He felt a deep resentment towards the United States after losing an

masks:
Loreta Janeta
Velázquez
Loreta
Janeta
Velázquez
Loreta
Janeta
Velázquez
Velázquez
Diego Velázquez
Diego Velázquez


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 inherited ranch in the Mexican–American War at San Luis Potosi. This animosity perpetuated the estrangement between <mask> and her father after her elopement with an American soldier. <mask> learned the English language at school in New Orleans in 1849, while living with an aunt. Her father's wealth as a plantation owner allowed her this opportunity to travel and continue her education. While in New Orleans, <mask> took to fairy tales and stories of heroism, citing Joan of Arc as a particular inspiration. <mask> was engaged young to Raphael, a Spaniard, in what she referred to in her memoir as a "marriage of convenience." At fourteen years old, she eloped with a Texas United States Army officer known only as John Williams  (also often referred to in various sources as simply "William") on April 5, 1856 despite the threats to be sent to a convent or back to Cuba from her family.Her decision to elope was poorly received by her family, causing their estrangement. She initially continued to live with her aunt, but after a quarrel with her she moved in with her husband and lived at various army posts, estranging herself further from her family by converting to Methodism. American Civil War
At the outbreak of the American Civil War, <mask> claims her husband resigned his U.S. commission and joined the Confederate Army. The couple became more interested in the Civil War after the early deaths of three of their children. At first, Williams actually aided <mask> in her endeavors to cross-dress and to enlist. He agreed to a night out together with <mask> disguised as a man, assured that upon seeing the behavior of other men she would be dissuaded. <mask>'s desires to enlist, however, were only strengthened.Velázquez failed to convince her husband to let her join him, so she acquired two uniforms, adopted the name Harry T. Buford and moved to Arkansas. There she

masks: Velázquez Velázquez Velázquez Velázquez Velázquez Velázquez Velázquez Velázquez


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 recruited 236 men in four days, shipped them to Pensacola, Florida, and presented them to her husband as her command. Her husband died soon after in an accident while he was demonstrating the use of weapons to his troops. Velázquez turned her men over to a friend and began to search for more things to do. Her first experience in combat was as an independent soldier in the First Battle of Bull Run. She eventually grew tired of camp life, however, and again donned female garb to go to Washington, D.C., where she spied for the Confederacy. She claimed to meet Abraham Lincoln and Secretary of War Simon Cameron on this excursion.When she returned to the South, she was assigned to the detective corps. She later left for Tennessee. In Tennessee, she fought in the siege of Fort Donelson until the surrender. She was wounded in battle, but was not exposed. She fled to New Orleans, where she was arrested, suspected of being a female Union spy in disguise. After she was released, she enlisted to get away from the city. At Shiloh, she found the battalion she had raised in Arkansas and fought in the battle.As she was burying the dead after a battle, a stray shell wounded her. When the army doctor who examined her discovered she was a woman, she again fled to New Orleans and saw Major General Benjamin F. Butler take command of the city. She gave up her uniform at that point. Afterwards, in Richmond, Virginia, authorities again hired her as a spy and she began to travel all around the US. At that time, she married a Captain Thomas DeCaulp; he reportedly died soon after in a Chattanooga hospital. (An officer of that name is known to have survived the war.) She then traveled north where officials hired her to search for herself.In Ohio and Indiana, she tried to organize a rebellion of Confederate prisoners of war. Travels
After the war, <mask> traveled in Europe with her


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 brother, as well as throughout South America and the southern United States. She married Major Wasson and emigrated with him to Venezuela. When he died in Caracas, she returned to the United States. During her subsequent travels around the U.S., she gave birth to a baby boy and met Brigham Young in Utah. She arrived in Omaha, almost penniless, but charmed General W. S. Harney into giving her blankets and a revolver. Two days after her arrival in the mining area of Nevada, she received a proposal of marriage from a sixty-year-old man, which she refused.After eventually marrying a younger man, whose name is not known, <mask> soon left Nevada, travelling with her baby. Reception of her book
Her book appeared in print in 1876. In the preface, <mask> stated that she had written the book primarily for money so she could support her child, perhaps to combat the notion of her profiting from the war. The veracity of the account was attacked almost immediately, and remains an issue with scholars. Some claim it is probably entirely fiction, others that the details in the text show a familiarity with the times that would be difficult to completely simulate. Shortly after its appearance, former Confederate General Jubal Early denounced the book as an obvious fiction. In 2007, The History Channel aired Full Metal Corset, a program that presented details of <mask>'s story as genuine.However, the overall truthfulness of her account remains indeterminate and highly questionable. Career after the war

She became very active in public life and politics, and was particularly involved in grand speculative schemes around mining and railway building, as well as being involved in journalism and writing. Her biographer William C. Davis suggests that her actions were generally fraudulent, intending to raise money for herself and associates. Some press accounts were impressed by her

masks: Velázquez Velázquez Velázquez


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 vitality and business acumen, such as in an 1891 account from the New York Herald reprinted in the Saturday Evening Mail Terre Haute. Here <mask> was described as "a woman of business, a woman who can 'run things like a man.'" Death
<mask> <mask> <mask> is said to have died in 1923, but historian Richard Hall states that her death is unknown and the place and date of her death are also unknown. Hall, in Patriots in Disguise, takes a hard look at The Woman in Battle and analyzes whether its claims are accurate or fictionalized.Elizabeth Leonard, in All the Daring of the Soldier,  assesses The Woman in Battle as largely fiction, but based on real experience. A newspaper report mentions a Lieutenant Bensford arrested when it was disclosed that "he" was actually a woman, and gives her name as Alice Williams, a name which <mask> <mask> apparently also used. In popular culture
María Aguí Carter directed Rebel, an investigative documentary, examining the story of <mask> <mask>. The film is a detective story exploring Velázquez's claims and the politics involved in erasing her from history. It was produced in 2013 and has a run-time of 73 minutes. Revisionist biography

In October 2016, William C. Davis published a detailed biography of <mask> entitled Inventing <mask> Velásquez: Confederate Soldier Impersonator, Media Celebrity, and Con Artist. His account is based on newspaper and archival research which claims that the whole of The Woman in Battle is fiction.Davis asserts that <mask> was neither Cuban nor a Confederate soldier, but was a thief and a prostitute, possibly born in New York, and eventually a swindler and con artist. <mask> used many aliases and he is uncertain of her actual name, age, and place of birth, and thus unable to be certain of her family background or ethnicity. The woman he ultimately identifies as <mask> served terms in jail for theft and

masks: Velázquez Loreta Janeta Velázquez Loreta Velázquez Loreta Velázquez Velázquez Loreta Velázquez Velázquez Velázquez


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 other minor offenses, and subsequently invented more glamorous origin stories, having learned to lie while working as a prostitute. Davis's work not only views his subject in a negative light, but also expresses doubt whether women ever served effectively as military personnel in the Civil War, his specific doubts around <mask>'s service. Davis does, however, provide a definite date for her death as Loretta J. Beard on January 26, 1923, at St. Elizabeths Hospital for the Insane, Washington. In his final chapter, Davis critiques feminist and Hispanic historiographical approaches to Velazquez as well as postmodernist literary theory, all of which he says have failed to accurately evaluate Velázquez and have perpetuated her lies to promote their own agenda.See also

 Hispanics in the American Civil War
 List of female American Civil War soldiers
 List of wartime cross-dressers
 Deborah Sampson, impersonated a man to fight during the American War of Independence
 Anna Maria Lane, female soldier in the American Revolutionary War
 Sarah Taylor
 Timeline of women in war in the United States, pre-1945

References

Bibliography
Books
 Blanton, DeAnne, and Lauren M. Cook. They Fought Like Demons. Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 2002. Cumming, Carman. Devil's Game: The Civil War Intrigues of Charles A. Dunham. Urbana: U. of Illinois Press, 2004. Davis, William C. Inventing Loreta Velasquez: Confederate Soldier Impersonator, Media Celebrity, and Con Artist.Southern Illinois University Press, 2016. Hall, Richard. Patriots in Disguise: Women Warriors of the Civil War. N.Y.: Marlowe & Co., 1994. Leonard, Elizabeth. All the Daring of the Soldier: Women of the Civil War Armies. N.Y.: Norton, 1999.Velazquez, <mask> Janeta. The Woman in Battle: A Narrative of the Exploits, Adventures and travels of Madame <mask> <mask> Velazquez, Otherwise Known as Lieutenant Harry J. Buford,

masks: Velázquez Loreta Loreta Janeta


texts:
 Confederate States Army (1876)  Reprinted in 1972 by the Arno Press. Reprinted in 2003 by University of Wisconsin. Young, Elizabeth. Disarming the Nation: Women's Writing and the American Civil War. Chicago: U. of Chicago Press, 1999. TV programs
 Full Metal Corset: Secret Soldiers of the Civil War, The History Channel, 2007
 REBEL, 2013, PBS home video

Further reading

External links
 <mask> <mask> Velazquez, Female Soldier Disguised As A Man
 The Woman in Battle: A Narrative of the Exploits, Adventures, and Travels of Madame <mask> <mask> Velazquez, Otherwise Known as Lieutenant Harry T. Buford, Confederate States Army.In Which Is Given Full Descriptions of the Numerous Battles in which She Participated as a Confederate Officer of Her Perilous Performances as a Spy, as a Bearer of Despatches, as a Secret-Service Agent, and as a Blockade-Runner; of Her Adventures Behind the Scenes at Washington, including the Bond Swindle; of her Career as a Bounty and Substitute Broker in New York; of Her Travels in Europe and South America; Her Mining Adventures on the Pacific Slope; Her Residence among the Mormons; Her Love Affairs, Courtships, Marriages, &c., &c. Richmond, Va.: Dustin, Gilman & Co., 1876. "What part am I to act in this great drama? DeAnne Blanton – Women soldiers of the Civil War
 K.G. Schneider – Women soldiers of the Civil War
 Loretta <mask> Velasquez at Hispanic Americans in the U.S. Army (archived in 2007)

 History of Female Spies of the Confederacy
Famous Trannies

1842 births
1923 deaths
Converts to Methodism from Roman Catholicism
American people of Spanish descent
Cuban emigrants to the United States
Confederate States Army officers
American spies
American Civil War spies
Female wartime cross-dressers
Female wartime cross-dressers in the American Civil War
Female wartime spies
American media personalities
Hispanic and Latino American

masks: Loreta Janeta Loreta Janeta Janeta


texts:
<mask> (also known as <mask>) () (1895 – 19 March 1962) was a prominent judge, scholar of Islamic Law and expert of historical documents and manuscripts of Iran. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Esfahan, Iran in 1895 to a prominent and pious family where he received his preliminary and traditional education. His mother was from Allameh Majlesi family and his father was Seyyed Mohammad Sadr Shah Alaee, a religious scholar in Esfahan and a grandson of Shah Alaeddin Mohammad. He moved to Tehran when he was 17 and subsequently traveled to Najaf where he pursued for seven years his education in advanced Islamic law and jurisprudence. He worked with several Islamic scholars, including <mask>. This qualified him to be mujtahid who was recognized as an Islamic scholar competent in interpreting Islamic law independently. Judicial career
Upon returning to Iran in 1921, initially he taught jurisprudence at the Advanced School of Trade (Madrasse-e Aali-e Tejarat) in Tehran.He was then invited by Ali-Akbar Davar, the founder of Iran's modern legal code, to take major responsibilities in the newly established Ministry of Justice of Iran. His judiciary career took almost 30 years, during which time he served in various positions and moved up the hierarchy to the counselor of the Supreme Court (Divan-e Aali-e Keshvar). He was also the head of the Organization for Registration of Deeds and Properties. <mask> was the permanent member from the Ministry of Justice in the commission that functioned as the inspector general appointed by Reza

masks:
Hossein Shahshahani
Seyed Hossein Shahshahani
Shahshahani
Mirza Hossein Naini
Shahshahani


texts:
 Shah. Toward the end of his career, in 1952 and 1953 (1331 and 1332), he served as the assistant Minister of Interior and the deputy Minister of Justice when he worked more closely with the Prime Minister, Dr. Mohammad Mosaddegh. In recognition and appreciation of his superior service and dedication, he received several certificate and medals from the Shah. The medals included Order of the Crown.<mask> had close relationships with most members of the Mosaddegh Cabinet. He was in charge of the Ministry of Justice when Mosaddegh traveled to The Hague to attend the International Court of Justice that was dealing with the nationalization of the Iranian Oil Industry. <mask> was also well respected by the clergy and the religious authorities. For example, he had written correspondence and personal meetings with Seyyed <mask> Tabatabaie Borujerdi in Qum. Historical documents

<mask> was one of the few people who could read, understand and analyze the significance of rare and unique archival material and historical documents and deeds (firman). They included Farmans, manuscripts and calligraphy, hand written orders by kings and rulers, usually in cursive and writing of high historical and aesthetic value. He loved collecting such documents that were sometimes in poor shape.He spent countless hours to read, repair, understand, evaluate and at times frame them. <mask>'s valuable collection of such items which included more that 285 Farmans and documents were given to the Reza Abbasi Museum in Tehran in 1978 (1357). Work with scholars
<mask>

masks: Shahshahani Shahshahani Hossein Shahshahani Shahshahani Shahshahani


texts:
 gave close access to his friends and academic experts to study and review his collection for research, analysis and documentation purposes. He helped these people in reading and understanding the often difficult contents of these documents. Most of these scholars have kindly referenced him in their published works. They include Agha Bozorg Tehrani, (the author of Azzari-a), Jalal al-Din Muhaddis, Dr. Manuchehr Sotudeh, Iraj Afshar, Ali Naghi Monzavi, the French scholar and author Jean Aubin, Dr. Horst Walther from Germany and references made by Louis Massignon. <mask> helped Jean Aubin in his research efforts and made available to him some of his collection related to Aq Qoyunlu and Kara Qoyunlu periods.Jean Aubin's research results were published in Tehran in 1955 both in French and Persian languages as:

Jean Aubin, Archives persanes commentees. Note sur quelques documents Aq Qoyunlu, dans Melanges Massignon, I, pp. 9–35 (sous presse). Note preliminaire sur les archives du Takya du Tchima-rud. (En preparation:) Deux recueils d'insha dédies au vizir timoride Ghiyathu-'d-Din Pir Ahmad Khwafi. Selected Research Works
Shahshahani published the following works:

 A Partial List of <mask>'s Documents, mostly Ghajar Period, put together by Gholam Reza Farzanehpour, published in the Central Library of Tehran University "On Manuscripts," No I, ( Daftar-e Avval) 1961 (1339). A Decree From Nader Shah Dorrani, (Farmani az Nader Shah-e Dorrani), Iran Culture, (Fahang-e Iran Zamin), Vol 6: pp 159–163.The Endowment Document of Kashan Mir Emad

masks: Shahshahani Shahshahani


texts:
 Mosque, (Vaghfnameh Masjed-e Mir Emad-e Kashan), Iran Culture, (Fahang-e Iran Zamin), Vol 5: pp 22–50. Shahshahan Mausoleum and its Documents, (Bogh-e Shahshahan va Asnad-e An), Calendar of Iran, (Salnameh Keshvar-e Iran), Vol 12: pp 11–64. <mask> has written a book on Arabic words entitled: Precision in Words, (Daghayegh-e-Loghat). This unpublished book has an introduction, 28 chapters and a conclusion. Works on Shahshahan Mausoleum

<mask> managed to revive and re-establish the identity of Shahshahan mausoleum during his judicial career. The mausoleum is a historical monument in Isfahan, Iran. It is located beside Jameh Mosque of Isfahan in the Shahshahan District on Ibn-e Sina Street.It is the burial place of a famous Sufi of Isfahan, Shah Alaeddin Mohammad. "The mausoleum was built between 1446 and 1448. Inside and outside of the mausoleum is decorated by plasterwork and tiling. Its dome, which had been destroying in the recent years, has been rebuilt." <mask> battled in courts for many years to extricate the endowments of the Shahshahan mausoleum from unlawful occupiers. He repaired and rebuilt the mausoleum as an important historical building and constructed the Shahshahan School and Health Center beside it. The monument belongs to the Timurid period.<mask> registered the site with the Iran Society For National and Historical Monuments under Registration Number 368 on February 21, 1949 (2 Esfand 1327). Final years

<mask> retired in August 1953 (Mordad 1332) when Mosaddegh and his cabinet were removed from power in a coup. He

masks: Shahshahani Shahshahani Shahshahani Shahshahani Shahshahani


texts:
 spent the last 8 years of his life in writing and research on Iranian historical documents and manuscripts. He shared his knowledge and expertise with his friends and colleagues (Allahyar Saleh) and helped academicians and scholars with their research. He was a member of the National Library and Archives of Iran affiliated with the National Commissions for UNESCO. In an effort to further pursue his interest in historical documents, in January 1962, <mask> travelled by land to Europe through Istanbul. He visited museums and continued his travels to Geneva, Switzerland, where he died of heart attack on March 19, 1962 (28 Esfand 1340).<mask> is buried in the Shahshahan Mausoleum in Esfahan. <mask> had six children who had advanced education and were professional. His only son, Dr. <mask>, is author and scholar who was professor of Economics in Tehran University and California State University and currently retired. References

Further reading
Most Persian historical texts have made references to Shah Alaedin and <mask> and Shah Alaie families. The following are the most major references:
Malcolm, Sir John, History of Persia
Chardin, Jean, The Travels of Sir John Chardin, (1643-1713) to Persia, the section on Esfahan, Trans. by <mask> Oreizi, Esfahan, Rah-e Nejat Publisher, 1951 (1330), pp. 105–110.Louis Massignon, works
Edward G. Browne, A Literary History of Persia, Vol. I, Trans. by Ali Pasha Saleh, Tehran, Parliament Printing Press, 1956 (1335), p. 660. External links

1897 births
1962 deaths
Iranian judges
People from

masks:
Shahshahani
Shahshahani
Shahshahani
Ahmad Shahshahani
Shahshahani
Hossein


texts:
<mask>-Zubayr ibn Fadl Allah or <mask> (), usually known as Rabah in French (c. 1842 – April 22, 1900), was a Sudanese warlord and slave trader who established a powerful empire east of Lake Chad, in today's Chad. Born around 1842 to an arabized Nubian family in Halfaya Al-Muluk, a suburb of Khartoum, he first served with the irregular Egyptian cavalry in the Ethiopian campaign, during which he was wounded. When Rabih left the army in 1860s, he became the principal lieutenant of the Sudanese slaveholder Sebehr Rahma. Lieutenant of al-Zubayr (1870–1879)

In the 19th century, Khartoum had become a very important Arab slave market, supplied through companies of Khartumi established in the region of Bahr el Ghazal, where they resided in zarības (), thornbush-fortified bases kept by bāzinqirs (firearm-equipped slave soldiers). The warlord and slaveholder al-Zubayr Rahma Mansur assumed control of the region's zaribas, and was nominated in 1872 pasha and governor of Bahr el Ghazal for the khedive Isma'il, ruler of Egypt. <mask>, who was possibly a relative of al-Zubayr, was the chief lieutenant of the pasha. In 1874, al-Zubayr conquered the Sultanate of Darfur.In 1876, he went to Cairo to request the khedive to officially sanction his position in Darfur, but was instead imprisoned. This caused in 1878 the revolt of al-Zubayr's son, Suleyman, and of his lieutenants, like <mask>. In reaction the governor-general of Sudan, Charles George Gordon, made Romolo Gessi governor of Bahr el Ghazal, and sent him to suppress the rebellion; Suleyman surrendered July 15, 1879, and was executed. <mask> instead is said to have left Suleyman the day before he

masks:
Rabih az
Rabih Fadlallah
Rabih
Rabih
Rabih


texts:
 surrendered, but Gessi reports instead that he had retreated already in June, after having suffered heavy losses. Warlord (1879–1890)
To escape from Egypt, Rabih left the Bahr el Ghazal, heading south with 700–800 bazingiris and 400 rifles. Using the tactics of the Khartumi, in the 1880s he carved out a kingdom between the basins of the Nile and the Ubangi, in the country of Kreich and Dar Benda, south of Ouaddai, a region he utterly devastated. In 1885, he attempted to return in Sudan following the invitation of the Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad, who had taken Khartoum from Egypt.The Mahdi had sent as ambassadors Zin el-Abeddin and Jabar, and Rabih followed them back to Darfur, proposing to meet the Mahdi at Omdurman; but when he learned of a plot to kill him, he changed his mind and returned to Chad. In 1887, <mask>'s forces invaded Darfur, recruited bazingirs, and settled down in Dar Kouti; however, his campaign against the aguid Salamat Cherif ed-Din, commander of the sultan of Ouaddai's troops, failed. In 1890, he attacked the Muslim chief Kobur in the north of Oubangui-Chari, deposed him and established in his place his nephew Mahdi al-Senoussi, on whom he imposed his suzerainty. This alliance was sealed by the marriage of Khadija, daughter of Al-Mahdi al-Senoussi, with Rabih's son Fadlallah. Together Mohammed and Rabih attacked Dar Runga, Kreich, Goula and then Banda Ngao. First confrontations with France (1891–1893)
Mohammed al-Senoussi's alliance with Rabih worried the colonial powers, especially France that was considering taking control of central Africa. Mohammed al-Senoussi remained faithful to Rabih and in 1891 killed the French


texts:
 Paul Crampel in Dar Banda.Rabih recovered the expedition's weapons. In the south-east of Lake Chad, he attacked the Baguirmi Kingdom in 1892, blaming the Mbang (king) Abd ar Rahman Gwaranga for having signed a protectorate with the French. Gwaranga was besieged for three to five months in Manjaffa, and was later forced to leave his capital, which was completely destroyed in March 1893. Conquest of Borno (1893)

In 1893, <mask> also turned his attentions to the Borno Empire of Shehu (king) Ashimi of Borno. Borno was a Sahelian Kingdom that  had existed for several centuries. That year, the empire consisted of 80,000 soldiers, mostly slaves commanded by slaves, and was in full decline. On the road to Borno, Rabih made prisoner the sultan of Karnak Logone, whose capital promptly opened its doors to his host.Shehu Ashimi of Borno sent 15,000 men to confront Rabih; the latter routed them in May or September 1893 first at Am Hobbio (south of Dekoa) and then at Legaroua with only 2,000 horse. Ashimi fled north of the Komadougou Yobe from where he may have tried to negotiate with Rabih; but he was assassinated at the instigation of his nephew Kyari, who then became shehu and decided to fight Rabih. <mask> met Kyari at Gashegar, a two days' walk from Kukawa, the capital of Borno; Kiyari defeated Rabih and captured his camp. The following day <mask> gathered his forces, and ordered 100 lashes be given to all his bannermen, including his own favored son Fadlallah. Only Boubakar, who had fought bravely, was spared. Then he ordered a victorious counter-offensive; Kyari, who had refused to flee, was captured and beheaded. As for the capital city,

masks: Rabih Rabih Rabih


texts:
 Kukawa, it was plundered and razed to the ground.<mask>wa his capital, and there built a palace which was to win later the admiration of the French governor Émile Gentil. Local legend says that during construction there was a shortage of water, and blood was substituted to mix with sand for its walls. Borno's Lord (1893–1900)

Wanting to modernize his army, Rabih attempted in 1895 to make an accord with Royal Niger Company in Yola and Ibi so to obtain gunpowder and ammunition, but without success. He started confronting the Company in 1896 and the following year even started marching on Kano, while his vassal Muhammad al-Senussi in Dar al Kuti founded a fortified capital, Ndele, between Bahr Aouk and the Ubangi River, which the Senussites held until 1911. For seven years Rabih was shehu of the Borno Empire, and spent much effort to reinvigorate a decadent empire that had until then maintained the same feudal structures it had in the 16th century. Rabih kept the vassal sultans in place, but subjected them to his lieutenants, who were mostly Arab Sudanese like he was. He promulgated a legal code based on sharia, rationalized taxation through the creation of a budget, imposed on Borno a military dictatorship, which aroused the attention of the colonial powers.Émile Gentil was to speak of <mask>'s reforms in Borno with a certain degree of interest; they would later inspire him in organizing the territory of Chad. Much is told about his brutality (for example, he once had one of his concubines executed because she kept a talisman designed to obtain Rabih's love, and with her the marabout who had deciphered the talisman); or about the

masks: Rabihk Rabih


texts:
 evenings he passed listening to Ali, the poet who sang his exploits. More importantly, Rabih launched a regular series of razzias to plunder and capture slaves; this was a return to the traditional activity of the sultans of Borno, which had been described in 1526 by Leo Africanus. It is estimated that 1,500–2,000 slaves were exported every year by his vassal Mahdi as-Senoussi, excluding the deaths, casualties, and other losses he inflicted. The totals for Rabah must have been much higher. Direct conflict with the French (1899–1900)

In 1899 Rabah had at his disposal 10,000 men among infantry and cavalry, all provided with rifles (mostly obsolete, except for 400 rifles of newer make), plus a great number of auxiliaries equipped with spears or bows. He kept garrisons at Baggara and Karnak Logone.In 1899, Rabih received in Dekoa the French explorer Ferdinand de Béhagle. The discussions between them degenerated, and Béhagle was arrested. On July 17, Lieutenant Bretonnet, who had been sent by France against Rabih, was killed with most of his men at the battle of Togbao, at the edge of the Chari River, in present-day Sarh. <mask> gained three cannons from this victory (which the French recaptured at Kousséri) and ordered his son Fadlallah, whom he had left in Dikoa, to hang Béhagle. In response, a French Army column, proceeding from Gabon and led by Émile Gentil, supported by the steamboat Leon Blot, confronted Rabih at Kouno at the end of the year. Even if the French were repulsed with losses, this did not prevent them from continuing and taking Kousséri. Here, they combined with the Lamy column, which had arrived from Algeria, and the


texts:
 Joalland-Meynier column, which had marched from Niger.Lamy assumed command of the combined forces. The final showdown between Rabih and the French took place on April 22, 1900. The French forces consisted of 700 men, plus the 600 riflemen and 200 cavalry provided by the allied Baguirmi people. Leaving Kousséri in three columns, the French attacked Rabih's camp. Although the commander Lamy was killed in the ensuing battle, <mask>'s forces were overwhelmed and, while fleeing across the Chari River, <mask> was killed. With <mask>'s defeat, his empire rapidly disintegrated. A year later his son Fadlallah was defeated and killed.All Rabih's territories fell into French hands, except for Borno which went to Britain. References
 This article draws heavily on the Rabah article in the French-language Wikipedia. Gaston Dujarric, La vie du sultan Rabah, Paris, 1902
 Von Oppenheim, Rabeh und das Tsadseegebiet, Berlin, 1902
 A. Babikir, L'Empire du Rabih, Paris, 1954
 Encyclopædia Britannica, "Rabih az-Zubayr", (2000)

 Amegboh, Joseph, and Cécile Clairval, Rabah : Conquérant Des Pays Tchadiens, Grandes Figures Africaines (Paris: Dakar ; Abidjan : [Afrique Biblio Club] ; [Nouvelles Éditions Africaines], 1976). Horowitz, Michael, ‘Ba Karim: An Account of Rabeh’s Wars’, African Historical Studies, 3 (1970), 391–402. Mohammed, Kyari, Borno in the Rabih Years, 1893-1901 : the Rise and Crash of a Predatory State (Maiduguri Nigeria: University of Maiduguri, 2006). Specific

External links

Sudanese people of Nubian descent
History of Chad
History of Nigeria
People of French West Africa
1840s births
1900 deaths
African slave traders
19th-century African


texts:
<mask> ( in Chalon-sur-Saône –  in Paris) was a French mathematician, civil engineer and architect. As an engineer for the Estates of Burgundy (), he was the creator of a great deal of the region's civil infrastructure, such as the Canal du Centre between Digoin and Chalon-sur-Saône (1784–1793), bridges including those at Navilly (1782–1790) and Gueugnon (1784–1787), and buildings such as the  ("Church of St Peter and St Paul") at Givry (1772 – 1791) and the theatre at Chalon-sur-Saône. <mask> became Chief Engineer of the États de Bourgogne in 1782, on the death of his predecessor and close collaborator, Thomas Dumorey. After the French Revolution, he held several important posts in the  ("High Commission for Bridges and [High]ways") in Paris. He was awarded the Légion d'honneur in 1804 on its creation by Napoleon Bonaparte. From 1805 until his death, he was the highest-ranked engineer in France. Biography
<mask> was born at Chalon-sur-Saône on 3 December 1732 into a provincial petty bourgeois family.His father, <mask>, was the local doctor: and his mother, Louise (or Louyse) née was born at Chagny on 27 August 1700 as the dauter of Emiland Lafouge, a company lawyer and Official Receiver for the salt store in Toulon-sur-Arroux. From 1740 to 1748, he studied with brilliance at the Jesuit college in Chalon. At the age of sixteen, after his father died, he continued his studies at Versailles under the auspices of an uncle who was Professor of Mathematics at the École des pages du roi (). He continued his education under the architect Gabriel Dumont before

masks:
Émiland Marie Gauthey
Gauthey
Émiland Marie Gauthey
Pierre Gauthey


texts: entering the  (which became the École nationale des ponts et chaussées, literally "National School of Bridges and [High]Ways"), which had been newly created and was under the direction of the notable engineer Jean-Rodolphe Perronet. He met with the Dumont architect Jacques-Germain Soufflot, and started a lifelong friendship. He consulted Soufflot on the construction of the dome of Sainte-Geneviève, which became the Panthéon. Graduating in 1758, he was awarded the post of deputy engineer at Chalon-sur-Saône, under Thomas Dumorey.He would wait twenty-four years, until Dumorey's death in 1782, to become the Chief Engineer of the États de Bourgogne (States of Burgundy) and to makeDijon his home. Shortly after, he was named Director.General of Burgundy Canals () in 1783. A brilliant technician, he was an exponent of the spirit of the Age of Enlightenment and of the Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers ("Encyclopaedia or Rational Dictionary of Sciences, Arts and Crafts"), as evidenced by his investigative Essay on Philosophical Language () of 1774 – in which he envisages a kind of language of universal graphical signs like stenography –; and in his use of scientific advances in the building trade. His monumental works on building,  ("On the application of mechanical principles in the construction of vaults and domes") and  ("On Navigation Canals") posthumously published by his nephew, became standard reference works. His civil engineering works, such as the bridges of Gueugnon, Navilly and Chalon-sur-Saône, helped to


texts: transform transportation methods and accelerated the Industrial Revolution in 19th-century Burgundy. It was in this forward-looking spirit that he participated in improving river navigation and building canals. He collaborated in the project to build a canal in Burgundy between the rivers Yonne and Saône (completed much later, in 1832) and he puis se consacre au canal de Franche-Comté de Saint-Jean-de-Losne/Saint-Symphorien-sur-Saône à Dole (also known as the ): this part of the project to connect the Rhine with the Rhône, built between 1783 and 1803, is also known as the  because it was opened by Louis V Joseph de Bourbon-Condé, lately Prince and Governor of Burgundy.But his master work, "The greatest public work of the 18th Century", was the Canal du Centre (or "Canal du Charolais"), (built 1783–1793) between Digoin and Chalon-sur-Saône. Over  with 62 locks, it connected the Loire to the Saône, thus creating the primary route for boats from the English Channel to the Mediterranean Sea (the Loire having been connected to the Seine by the Canal de Briare). <mask> remained interested in development in Chalon-sur-Saône, his home town, where he rebuilt the quayside and built a theatre. These constructions are among many examples of neoclassical style in the area, including the dome of the pharmacy in the town, the churches at Givry and Louhans, the town hall at Tournus and the Château de Clermont-Montoison at Chagny. Changes after the French Revolution brought <mask> <mask> honours and high office: he was named the first  in 1791. At the age of 60 he moved

masks: Gauthey Émiland Gauthey


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 to Paris, married his cousin and adopted his nephew Claude-Louis Navier, one of the most brilliant mathematicians and engineers of the early 19th century. in 1801 he became a member of the Conseil général des ponts et chaussées en 1801 and in 1805 its vice-president.He worked on Somme-Escaut link and several developments in Paris, such as a new water supply which would become the Canal de l'Ourcq), and projects on the Seine bridges and the Passerelle des Arts, built by Jacques Dillon. The French Consulate awarded him the civil Légion d'honneur on its first issue on 1804, and he was to be promoted to Commander but died suddenly, in Paris, on . Perhaps surprisingly, his place of death is unknown, but it is likely to be in a Parisian cemetery. Works

Bridges

 ("Cravant Bridge") (1760) in the Yonne department. long over 3 arched spans. or  ("Gauthey Bridge" or "Thalie Bridge") at Chatenoy-le-Royal, Saône-et-Loire (1770), Gauthey's first sole project. over 2 arched spans.("Stone Bridge") (1781–1787) over the Baulches Stream carrying Rue Nationale 6, in Yonne: road bridge of . ("Bridge over the Bourbince") (1786–1789) at Blanzy, Saône-et-Loire
 ("Bridge over the Guyotte") (1786–1789) at Navilly, Saône-et-Loire: one arch with a span of
Bellevesvre Bridge (1787), Saône-et-Loire: arched road bridge over the Brenne with a total length of
Gueugnon Bridge (1787), Saône-et-Loire (71): arched bridge  long and  wide, with a rise of  and a tallest arche of . Navilly Bridge (1782–1790), Saône-et-Loire: arched bridge over the river Doubs,  over 5 spans
 at


texts:
 Chalon-sur-Saône, the Chavannes (or "Echavannes") Bridge which connects it to Saint-Marcel (road bridge of seven spans completed in 1790), including widening the bed of the river Saône with a  ("relief channel").) and renovation of the Pont Saint-Laurent (enlargement of the mediaeval bridge and decoration of the 7 arches of  with obelisks, completed in 1791). More-or-less destroyed in 1944 and rebuilt from scratch in 1950. Buildings
Tournus Town Hall (1771)
Givry (Saône-et-Loire) Church (1772–1791)
Rebuilding of one wing of the Palais des ducs et des États de Bourgogne de Dijon (1776)
 The Obélisque de Dijon (1786)
Chalon-sur-Saône Theatre (1778)
The churches of Saint-Germain-du-Plain and Barizey (1778)
Restoration of the Château de Chagny (Saône-et-Loire) (1780)
Bourbon-Lancy Town Hall (1782)

Canals
 Canal de Franche-Comté from Saint-Jean-de-Losne/Saint-Symphorien-sur-Saône to Dole (also known as ) (1783–1803)
 Canal du Centre (also known as the Canal du Charolais), built 1783–1793 between Digoin and Chalon-sur-Saône, connecting the Loire and the Saône

Legacy
 In 1808 a bust of him was carved by Guillaume Boichot, also from Chalon-sur-Saône, and exhibited at the Musée Vivant-Denon in the town. Since 1864, the Rue Gauthey in the 17th arrondissement of Paris has borne his name.A school in Chalon-sur-Saône bears his name. Sources

References

External links

18th-century French mathematicians
French civil engineers
18th-century French architects
1732 births
1806 deaths
École des Ponts ParisTech alumni
Corps des ponts
People from


texts: Abraham "<mask>" <mask> (; born February 26, 1962) is an Israeli-American theoretical physicist who works on astrophysics and cosmology. <mask> is the Frank B. Baird Jr. Professor of Science at Harvard University. He had been the longest serving chair of Harvard's Department of Astronomy (2011–2020), founding director of Harvard's Black Hole Initiative (since 2016) and director of the Institute for Theory and Computation (since 2007) within the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. <mask> is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Physical Society, and the International Academy of Astronautics. In July 2018, he was appointed as chair of the Board on Physics and Astronomy (BPA) of the National Academies, which is the Academies' forum for issues connected with the fields of physics and astronomy, including oversight of their decadal surveys. In June 2020, <mask> was sworn in as a member of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) at the White House.In December 2012, Time magazine selected <mask> as one of the 25 most influential people in space. In 2015, <mask> was appointed as the science theory director for the Breakthrough Initiatives of the Breakthrough Prize Foundation. In 2018, he attracted media attention for suggesting that alien space craft may be in our solar system, using the anomalous behavior of ʻOumuamua as an example. In 2019, and together with his Harvard undergraduate student, Amir Siraj, <mask> reported discovering a meteor that potentially originated outside the Solar System. <mask> was born in Beit Hanan, Israel in 1962. He took part in the national Talpiot program before receiving a PhD in plasma physics, at age 24, from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, in 1986. From 1983 to 1988, he led the first international project supported by the U.S. Strategic Defense Initiative.Between 1988 and

masks:
Avi
Loeb
Loeb
Loeb
Loeb
Loeb
Loeb
Loeb
Career Loeb


texts: 1993, <mask> was a long-term member at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, where he started to work in theoretical astrophysics. In 1993, he moved to Harvard University as an assistant professor in the department of astronomy, where he was tenured three years later. <mask> has written eight books and authored or co-authored about 800 papers on a broad range of research areas in astrophysics and cosmology, including the first stars, the epoch of reionization, the formation and evolution of massive black holes, the search for extraterrestrial life, gravitational lensing by planets, gamma-ray bursts at high redshifts, 21-cm cosmology, the use of the Lyman-alpha forest to measure the acceleration/deceleration of the universe in real time (the so-called "Sandage–Loeb test"), the future collision between the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies, the future state of extragalactic astronomy, astrophysical implications of black hole recoil in galaxy mergers, tidal disruption of stars, and imaging black hole silhouettes. In 2010, he wrote a textbook entitled How Did the First Stars and Galaxies Form? In 1992, <mask> suggested, with Andy Gould, that exoplanets could be detected through gravitational microlensing. In 1993, he proposed the use of the C+ fine-structure line to discover galaxies at high redshifts. In 2005, he predicted, in a series of papers with his postdoc at the time, Avery Broderick, how a hot spot in orbit around a black hole would appear; their predictions were confirmed in 2018 by the GRAVITY instrument on the Very Large Telescope which observed a circular motion of the centroid of light of the black hole at the center of the Milky Way, Sagittarius A*.In 2009, Broderick and Loeb predicted the shadow of the black hole in the giant elliptical galaxy Messier 87, which was imaged in 2019 by the Event Horizon Telescope. In 2013, a report was published on the

masks: Loeb Loeb Loeb


texts:
 discovery of the "Einstein Planet" Kepler-76b, the first Jupiter size exoplanet identified through the detection of relativistic beaming of its parent star, based on a technique proposed by <mask> and Gaudi in 2003. In addition, a pulsar was discovered around the supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A*, following a prediction by Pfahl and <mask> in 2004. Also, a hypervelocity star candidate from the Andromeda galaxy was discovered, as predicted by Sherwin, <mask>, and O'Leary in 2008. Together with his postdoc, James Guillochon, <mask> predicted the existence of a new population of stars moving near the speed of light throughout the universe. Together with his postdoc John Forbes and Howard Chen of Northwestern University, <mask> made another prediction that sub-Neptune sized exoplanets have been transformed into rocky super-Earths by the activity of Milky Way's central supermassive black hole Sagittarius A*. Together with Paolo Pani, <mask> showed in 2013 that primordial black holes in the range between the masses of the Moon and the Sun cannot make up the dark matter.<mask> led a team that reported tentative evidence for the birth of a black hole in the young nearby supernova SN 1979C. In collaboration with Dan Maoz, <mask> demonstrated in 2013 that biomarkers, such as molecular oxygen (), can be detected by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in the atmosphere of Earth-mass planets in the habitable zone of white dwarfs. Early universe

In a series of papers with his students and postdocs, <mask> addressed how and when the first stars and black holes formed and what effects they had on the young universe. Together with his former student Steve Furlanetto, <mask> published a textbook, The First Galaxies in the Universe. In 2013, <mask> introduced the new concept of "The Habitable Epoch of the Early Universe", and mentored Harvard undergraduate, Henry Lin, in the

masks: Loeb Loeb Loeb Loeb Loeb Loeb Loeb Loeb Loeb Loeb Loeb


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 study of industrial pollution on exoplanets as a new method to search for extraterrestrial civilizations. In April 2021, <mask> presented an updated summary of his ideas of life in the early universe. Panspermia
In 2020, <mask> published a research paper about the possibility that life can propagate from one planet to another, followed by the opinion piece "Noah’s Spaceship" about directed panspermia.ʻOumuamua

In December 2017, <mask> cited ʻOumuamua's unusually elongated shape as one of the reasons why the Green Bank Telescope in West Virginia should listen for radio emissions from it to see if there were any unexpected signs that it might be of artificial origin, although earlier limited observations by other radio telescopes such as the SETI Institute's Allen Telescope Array had produced no such results. On December 13, 2017, the Green Bank Telescope observed the asteroid for six hours. No radio signals from ʻOumuamua have been detected. On October 26, 2018, <mask> and his postdoctoral student Shmuel Bialy submitted a paper exploring the possibility of the interstellar object ʻOumuamua being an artificial thin solar sail accelerated by solar radiation pressure in an effort to help explain the object's non-gravitational acceleration. Other scientists have stated that the available evidence is insufficient to consider such a premise, and that a tumbling solar sail would not be able to accelerate. In response, <mask> wrote an article detailing six anomalous properties of ʻOumuamua that make it unusual, unlike any comets or asteroids seen before. On November 27, 2018, <mask> and Amir Siraj, an undergraduate student at Harvard College, proposed a search for ʻOumuamua-like objects which might be trapped in the Solar System as a result of losing orbital energy through a close encounter with Jupiter.They identified four candidates (2011 SP25, 2017 RR2, 2017 SV13, and 2018

masks: Loeb Loeb Loeb Loeb Loeb Loeb


texts:
 TL6) for trapped interstellar objects which could be visited by dedicated missions. The authors pointed out that future sky surveys, such as with Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, could find many more. In public interviews and private communications with reporters and academic colleagues, <mask> has become more vocal regarding the prospects of proving the existence of alien life. On April 16, 2019, <mask> and Siraj reported the discovery of the first meteor of interstellar origin. Extraterrestrial: The First Sign of Intelligent Life Beyond Earth, a popular science account concerning ʻOumuamua, written by <mask>, was published in 2021. The Galileo Project

In July 2021, <mask> became head of the new project: "The Galileo Project: "Daring to Look Through New Telescopes"". The project was inspired by the detection of ʻOumuamua and by release of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence report on Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP).As stated on the project's web-site, the aim is:

The three main avenues of research are:
 Obtaining high-resolution images of UAPs and discovering their nature

 Search for and research of ʻOumuamua-like interstellar objects
 Search for potential ETC satellites

The project was covered by many independent publishers, among them Nature, Science, New York Post, Scientific American, The Guardian, etc. To the allegations that studies of UFO is pseudo-science, <mask> answers that the aim of the project is not to study UFO based on previous data, but to study Unidentified Aerial Phenomena "using the standard scientific method based on a transparent analysis of open scientific data to be collected using optimized instruments." Media appearances

In 2006, <mask> was featured in a Time magazine cover story on the first stars, and in a Scientific American article on the Dark Ages of the universe. In 2008, he was featured in a Smithsonian


texts:
 magazine cover story on black holes, and in two Astronomy magazine cover stories, one on the collision between the Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy and the second on the future state of our universe. In 2009, <mask> reviewed in a Scientific American article a new technique for imaging black hole silhouettes. <mask> received considerable media attention after proposing in 2011 (with E.L. Turner) a new technique for detecting artificially-illuminated objects in the Solar System and beyond, and showing in 2012 (with I. Ginsburg) that planets may transit hypervelocity stars or get kicked to a fraction of the speed of light near the black hole at the center of the Milky Way. Science magazine published an article about <mask>'s career in April 2013, and Discover reviewed his research on the first stars in April 2014.The New York Times published a science profile of <mask> in December 2014. In May 2015, Astronomy posted a podcast of an hour-long interview with <mask> in its series entitled "Superstars of Astronomy". In April 2016, Stephen Hawking visited <mask>'s home and attended the inaugurations of the Starshot and Black Hole Initiatives that <mask> leads. <mask>'s eBook on Kindle details his career path from childhood on a farm with interests in philosophy to chairing the Harvard astronomy department and directing the ITC, and includes opinion essays on the importance of taking risks in research and promoting diversity. <mask> writes opinion essays on science and policy. On January 14, 2021, <mask> appeared on the Lex Fridman Podcast (#154), on January 16, 2021, on the Joe Rogan Experience podcast (#1596). 1962 births
Living people
Israeli physicists
Harvard University faculty
20th-century American astronomers
21st-century American astronomers
American cosmologists
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Jewish physicists
Harvard–Smithsonian Center for

masks: Loeb Loeb Loeb Loeb Loeb Loeb Loeb Loeb Loeb Loeb


texts:
<mask> "<mask>" <mask> (22 October 1891 in Josefsthal, Austria-Hungary (now Josefův Důl, Czech Republic) – 12 June 1968 in Dresden, East Germany) was a Bohemian-German composer. Life
<mask> was born the son of a teacher in 1891 in the north-Bohemian village of Josefstal (modern-day Josefův Důl, Czech Republic). From 1906 to 1908, he attended a teacher's seminar in Reichenberg (now Liberec). He received organ, piano and violin lessons, and from 1908 to 1911, studied at the Prague Conservatory, where he studied piano and composition. From 1911 onward, he worked as a private music teacher and from 1915 as a teacher of musical theory at the Prague Conservatory. In 1920, he moved to the German Academy of Music and Performing Arts in Prague, where he worked as a teacher of musical theory and composition. He became a professor in 1926, and worked as the rector from 1927 to 1945.During the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, he composed works expressing sympathy for the Nazis, most notably the hymn O Herzland Böhmen (1942). His opportunistic application for membership within the Nazi party expired in 1942 because of his political unreliability. After imprisonment and expropriation as a result of the Beneš decrees as well as a suicide attempt in 1945, <mask> was brought to Dresden by the Soviet occupation forces via Moscow. There, he founded the State Academy of Music and Dresden Theatre, and was, until 1951, its rector. Until 1958, he was a professor of sound recordings at the Leipzig Academy of Music. His total works comprise about 170

masks:
Fidelio Friedrich
Fritz
Finke
Finke
Finke


texts:
 compositions. <mask> was a member of the SED from 1946 until his death in 1968 in Dresden.He was buried in Heidenfriedhof Cemetery. His signature graces his gravestone. <mask>'s estate is preserved by the Academy of Arts in Berlin. 2 (1947)
 Suite No. 3 (1949)
 Suite No. 4 for 16 wind instruments and percussion (1953)
 Suite No. 5 Musik für elf Bläser (Music for 11 Winds) (1955)
 Suite No.6 (1956)
 Symphonische Märsche (Symphonic Marches), Suite No. 7 (1960)
 Suite No. 8 for wind quintet, 2 pianos and string orchestra (1961)
 Divertimento for chamber orchestra (1964)
 Festmusik (1964)

Concertante
 Concerto for piano and small orchestra (1930)
 Capriccio über ein polnisches Volkslied (Capriccio on a Polish Folk Song) for piano and orchestra (1953)

Chamber music
 String Quartet No. 1 (1914); dedicated to Arnold Schoenberg
 Piano Trio (1923)
 8 Musiken for 2 violins and viola (1923)
 Sonata for violin and piano (1924)
 String Quartet No. 2 „Der zerstörte Tasso“ (with soprano solo) (1925)
 Ciacona nach Vitali for violin and piano (1925)
 String Quartet No. 3 (1926, lost)
 Sonata for cello (1926, lost)
 Sonata for flute and piano (1927)
 100 Stücke (100 Pieces) for recorder solo (1936)
 Sonatina for harp (1945)
 Sonata for horn and piano (1946)
 Sonata for clarinet and piano (1949)
 Sonata for viola and piano (1954)
 Wind Quintet (1955)
 Toccata for accordion (1955)
 String Quartet No. 5 (1963–1964)
 … ismen und … ionen for flute, viola, cello, double bass, piano and harp (1968); movement IV completed by Heinrich Simbriger

Piano

masks: Finke Finke


texts:
 Polka groteska
 Sonata in E minor (1903, lost)
 Thema con Variazioni, Op.9 (before 1908)
 Fantasia auf der Fahrt (Fantasia on the Ride), Op. 12 (1908)
 Intermezzo (1909)
 4 Klavierstücke (4 Piano Pieces) (1910-11)
 Eine Reiter-Burleske, Symphonic Poem for piano (1913)
 Romantische Suite (Romantic Suite) (1916)
 Gesichten (Visions), 7 Piano Pieces (1921)
 Klaviermusiken für Kinder (Piano Music for Children) (1921)
 19 kleine Klavierstücke (19 Little Piano Pieces) (1921)
 Marionetten-Musiken, 6 Piano Pieces (1921)
 10 Kinderstücke (10 Pieces for Children) (1926)
 Suite No. Habilitationsschrift, masch. vervielf. Leipzig 1970. Deutsche Bibliothek Frankfurt am Main U.70.3699
 <mask>. Prieberg: Handbuch Deutsche Musiker 1933–1945, CD-Rom-Lexikon, Kiel 2004, . Wilhelm Hübner: <mask> F. <mask>ke – Gedanken über meinen Lehrer, in: Dresden und die avancierte Musik im 20.Jahrhundert. Teil II: 1933-1966, edited by Matthias Herrmann and Hanns-Werner Heister, Laaber 2002,  (Musik in Dresden 5),

See also
 List of classical composers in the GDR

References

External links

 Fidelio-F.-Finke's Archive at the archive of the Academy of Arts, Berlin

1891 births
1968 deaths
People from Jablonec nad Nisou District
People from the Kingdom of Bohemia
German Bohemian people
Socialist Unity Party of Germany members
German opera composers
Male opera composers
20th-century classical composers
20th-century German composers
University of Music and Theatre Leipzig faculty
Recipients of the Patriotic Order of Merit in bronze
20th-century German male

masks:
Fred K
Fiio
Fin


texts:
<mask> (born December 3, 1947) is a former Major League Baseball third baseman. Braves organization
<mask> followed his brothers Adrian and <mask> in the Milwaukee Braves organization when he was their sixth round selection in the 1965 Major League Baseball draft. Hailing from Brooksville, Florida, <mask> was a fan favorite on the Florida Rookie League Braves, who played in nearby Sarasota. Originally a shortstop when he was signed, <mask> was a good fielder, but only managed a .222 batting average in the Braves' farm system. On December 2, , he was selected by the New York Mets in the Rule 5 draft. New York Mets

Amazin' Mets
<mask> made his major league debut at second base, and played most of his first month in the majors there. Shortly afterwards, the 21 year-old lefty hitter settled into a lefty-righty platoon with Ed Charles at third base.He batted just .218 with one home run his rookie season, however, he would match that home run total in the 1969 National League Championship Series against his former franchise. With the Atlanta Braves leading 4–3 in the fifth inning of game three, <mask> hit a go-ahead two run home run to seal the three-game sweep for the Mets. For the NLCS, <mask> batted .385 with three runs batted in and three runs scored. He struck out in his only official at-bat in the World Series. Continued search for a third baseman
Ed Charles retired after the World Series. On December 3,  the Mets sent Amos Otis and Bob Johnson to the Kansas City Royals for third baseman Joe Foy. While shifted into more of a utility infielder role, making 34 starts at second base, <mask> put up better numbers than Foy, who

masks:
Ronald Wayne Garrett
Wayne
James Garrett
Garrett
Garrett
Garrett
Garrett
Garrett
Garrett


texts: was gone after just one season in New York.Following the  season, <mask> went into the military with the Bayside National Guard, and the Mets acquired Bob Aspromonte from the Braves for Ron Herbel. After completing his military obligation and a brief stop at triple A Tidewater, <mask> rejoined his team midway through the  season. He hit the ground running, going 3-for-5 with two RBIs and three runs scored in his first game back, and 2-for-3 with two walks and an RBI in his second, but he soon cooled off. An 0-for-29 skid at the end of the season saw his batting average drop to .213. Following the season, the Mets sent a package of young prospects that included Nolan Ryan to the California Angels for perennial All-Star third baseman Jim Fregosi. <mask> and Fregosi produced identical .232 batting averages in , and combined for seven home runs and 61 RBIs platooning at third. Fregosi's tenure in New York lasted until midway through the  season before his contract was sold to the Texas Rangers.Ya Gotta Believe! At the time of the deal, <mask> was batting .233 with six home runs and 27 RBIs. He batted .270 with thirteen home runs and 47 RBIs over the remainder of the season. He led off the Mets' September 7 contest with the Montreal Expos with a solo home run that turned out to be the only run of the game. On September 13, his extra innings pinch hit single drove in the winning run against the Philadelphia Phillies. From September 17 to September 21, the Mets played a crucial five game stretch against the Pittsburgh Pirates that would determine the National League East. The Mets won four of those five games, and went from 3.5

masks: Garrett Garrett Garrett Garrett


texts: games back to first place by half a game.<mask> went 8-for-22 during that stretch with a home run, two RBIs and five runs scored. He was also at the center of one of the most famous plays in Mets folklore. Their September 20 match up at Shea Stadium went into extra innings. The Pirates had Richie Zisk on first base when Dave Augustine hit what appeared to be a two-run home run to left. Instead, the ball hit the top of the wall, and caromed directly into left fielder Cleon Jones' glove. Jones fired a strike to <mask> as the cut off man, who in turn, fired a strike to catcher Ron Hodges to nail Zisk at the plate. The Mets went on to win the game in the bottom of the inning.<mask> went just 2-for-24 in the 1973 National League Championship Series against Cincinnati's "Big Red Machine," however, one of those hits sparked the series winning rally. With the score tied at two in the fifth and decisive game, <mask> led off the fifth inning with a double. The following batter, Félix Millán, laid down a sacrifice bunt. Rather than take the sure out at first base, Reds pitcher Jack Billingham threw to third, attempting to get the lead runner. Reds third baseman Dan Driessen tagged the base, not the runner, forgetting that there was no force on the play. Thereby, allowing both runners to be safe. The following batter, Cleon Jones, doubled to drive in <mask> with the lead run.<mask> hit two home runs in the 1973 World Series against the Oakland Athletics. The first coming in the Mets' 10–7 game two victory, and the second came leading off game three. Aside from these two home runs, he did not have much success, however. He batted just

masks: Garrett Garrett Garrett Garrett Garrett Garrett


texts:
 .167, and tied Eddie Mathews' 1958 World Series record by striking out eleven times. He also made the final out of the Series. Representing the tying run, he popped out to shortstop Bert Campaneris to end the game. 1974-1976
After a career year in 1973, <mask> was finally handed the starting job at third for .He appeared in a career high 151 games, and made a career high 619 plate appearances, but batted just .224 with thirteen home runs. After the season, the Mets acquired former National League MVP Joe Torre from the St. Louis Cardinals for Tommy Moore and Ray Sadecki. In , <mask> batted .266 platooning with Torre at third. For , Torre was shifted to first, and the third base job was split between <mask> and rookie Roy Staiger until midway through the season, when <mask> was dealt to the Montreal Expos with Del Unser for Pepe Mangual and Jim Dwyer. Montreal Expos
With the Expos, <mask> was shifted to second base. On September 29, <mask> hit his first career grand slam against the Mets at Shea. His career at second base was cut short when the Expos signed free agent second baseman Dave Cash after the season.He spent the remainder of his Expos career backing up Larry Parrish at third. On July 21, , two years from the date that he was acquired from the Mets, the Expos sent <mask> to the St. Louis Cardinals for cash considerations. His one home run with the Cards was a pinch hit grand slam. Unable to come to an agreement on a contract for the  season, <mask> decided to head to Japan, where his brother, Adrian, had been playing since . Career statistics

<mask> played two seasons for the Chunichi Dragons. His first season in

masks: Garrett Garrett Garrett Garrett Garrett Garrett Garrett Garrett Garrett


texts:
 Nippon Professional Baseball, he hit a career-high twenty home runs and drove in a career high 71 runs. He also played for the Bradenton Explorers of the Senior Professional Baseball Association in its  inaugural season.<mask> played 711 games at third base for the Mets. It is the third highest total, behind David Wright and Howard Johnson. Joe Foy, Bob Aspromonte, Jim Fregosi and Joe Torre combine for 384. <mask>'s home run in game three of the 1973 World Series is one of three lead off home runs in New York Mets World Series history. Tommie Agee hit one in the 1969 World Series against the Baltimore Orioles; Lenny Dykstra hit his in the 1986 World Series against the Boston Red Sox. Coincidentally, their lead off home runs, like <mask>'s, also occurred in game three. <mask>'s nephew Jason (Adrian's son), was drafted by and played four years in the Florida Marlins organization, reaching High-A in the minor leagues.References

External links
, or The Ultimate Mets Database
SABR BioProject

1947 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
American expatriate baseball players in Japan
Arizona Instructional League Braves players
Baseball players from Florida
Bradenton Explorers players
Chunichi Dragons players
Florida Rookie League Braves players
Kinston Eagles players
Major League Baseball third basemen
Montreal Expos players
New York Mets players
Nippon Professional Baseball second basemen
Nippon Professional Baseball third basemen
People from Brooksville, Florida
Sarasota High School alumni
Sportspeople from Sarasota, Florida
St. Louis Cardinals players
Tidewater Tides players
West Palm Beach Braves


texts:
<mask> (October 1, 1840 – September 2, 1916) was a lawyer and civic leader in Indianapolis, Indiana, who served as a Republican member of the Indiana Senate (1876 to 1880) and a U.S. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary (ambassador) to Austria-Hungary (1899 to 1901). The Wayne County, Indiana, native graduated from Northwestern Christian University (present-day Butler University) in 1862 and was admitted to the bar in 1865, the same year he established a law partnership with John T. Dye in Indianapolis. <mask> was a founding member (1878) and president (1883 and 1890) of the Indianapolis Bar Association; a founder and president (1899 to 1904) of the Indiana Law School, which was a forerunner to the Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law in Indianapolis; a presidential elector in 1896; president of the Indiana State Bar Association (1904); a member (1905–1916) and president (1909 to 1916) of Purdue University's board of trustees; and a member of the Indiana Historical Society and the Columbia Club. Early life and education
<mask> was born on October 1, 1840, in rural Wayne County, Indiana, and was one of Martha (Young) and <mask>'s two sons. <mask>, a Wayne County farmer, also served in three sessions of the Indiana House of Representatives (1853, 1875, and 1877). <mask>'s ancestors came to North America from Cornwall, United Kingdom; his father moved the family of Quakers from North Carolina to settle in Indiana.<mask> received his early education in local Quaker schools near his Wayne County home. He enrolled at North Western Christian University (present-day Butler University) in 1860, and graduated two years later in 1862. After college he read law for three years at the Indianapolis firm of Barbour and Howland and studied under Indiana Supreme Court Justice Samuel E. Perkins.

masks:
Addison Clay Harris
Harris
Addison Clay Harris
Branson Lewis Harris
Branson Harris
Branson Harris
Addison Harris


texts:
 Marriage and family
<mask> met his wife, <mask> (1848–1948) of Connersville, Indiana, when she came to Indianapolis to attend North Western Christian University. <mask> and <mask> were married on May 14, 1868. <mask> was active in the Art Association of Indianapolis, the forerunner to the Indianapolis Museum of Art and Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis's Herron School of Art and Design. She served on its board of trustees, which including leadership roles as recording secretary (1893–1899) and as its fifth president (1904–1907).The couple had no children. <mask> and India <mask>'s primary residence was located on North Meridian Street in Indianapolis. In addition to their Indianapolis home, <mask> acquired property in rural Hamilton County, Indiana, in 1880 and later had the home on the site remodeled and enlarged to use as a summer residence. The West-Harris House in Hamilton County was later nicknamed Ambassador House in reference to his diplomatic service as a U.S. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary (ambassador) to Austria-Hungary from 1899 to 1901. <mask> was admitted to the bar in 1865 and established a law partnership with John T. Dye in Indianapolis, Indiana. They dissolved their fourteen-year partnership in 1879.<mask>, who specialized in corporate law, continued to practice law on his own, becoming one of the state's prominent lawyers in the late nineteenth century. <mask> was also a member of the Republican Party and active in state politics. He served in the Indiana Senate from 1876 to 1880, but was unsuccessful in his bid for the U.S. House of Representatives in 1889. <mask> used his political connections with <mask>. Fairbanks, who was serving as U.S. Senator from Indiana at that time, to secure an appointment in 1899 as U.S. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister

masks:
Harris
India Crago
Harris
Crago
India Harris
Addison
Harris
Harris
Career Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Charles W


texts:
 Plenipotentiary (ambassador) to Austria-Hungary. <mask> resigned his diplomatic post and was recalled to the United States in 1901.He resumed his law career in Indianapolis and in his later years served as president of the Indiana State Bar Association and as a member of Purdue University's board of trustees, among other civic activities. Lawyer
<mask> spent a year teaching before establishing a law practice in Indianapolis, Indiana. He was admitted to the bar in 1865, the same year he formed a law partnership with John T. Dye. On November 30, 1878, a gathering of forty local attorneys that included the future U.S. President <mask> and future U.S. Vice President <mask>. Fairbanks met in the law offices of Dye and <mask> to establish the Indianapolis Bar Association. <mask> served as president of the association in 1883 and in 1890. <mask> and Dye maintained their law practice for fourteen years, but dissolved the partnership in 1879, when Dye went to work for the Big Four Railroad. Afterwards, <mask> practiced law alone, mainly focusing on constitutional law and corporate law, his specialty.<mask> became one of the state's most prominent lawyers in the late nineteenth century and first decade of the twentieth century. He supported the concept of workers' compensation and favored the use of arbitration boards to settle labor disputes. <mask> also authored Modern Views of Compensation for Personal Injuries (Indianapolis, 1909). In addition, he delivered lectures at Purdue University regarding railroads and railroad management that were later published. Indiana politician
<mask>, a member of the Republican Party, was elected to Indiana Senate representing Marion County, Indiana, in 1876. He served in two sessions of the Indiana General Assembly (1877 and 1879) before his term ended in 1880. <mask> favored

masks:
Harris
Harris
Benjamin Harrison
Charles W
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris


texts:
 progressive legislation.He became a member of the Senate's judicial committee and a leader of the Republicans on the Senate floor at a time when the state had a Democratic majority. While <mask> was serving in his first session of the state senate in 1877, his father, Branson <mask>, was serving in the Indiana House of Representatives. In 1889 <mask> was an unsuccessful Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives. He served as a presidential elector for Indiana in 1896. Diplomat
<mask> used his connections in the state's Republican Party and his friendship with <mask>, a U.S. senator from Indiana at that time, to secure an appointment on January 10, 1899, from President William McKinley to serve as U.S. Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Austria-Hungary. <mask> replaced <mask> Tower Jr., who was appointed U.S. ambassador to Russia.<mask> served in Vienna, Austria, until he resigned and was recalled to the United States in 1901. <mask> and his wife returned to Indianapolis, where he resumed a private law practice. Community service
<mask> was active in civic affairs, especially in the areas of law and higher education. He helped found the Indiana Law School (1893), in addition to serving on its board of directors, as an early instructor, and as the school's president (1899 to 1904). The private law school was a forerunner to the Indiana University Robert H. McKinney School of Law in Indianapolis. In addition his leadership at the law school, <mask> was president of the Indiana State Bar Association (1904), and served on the University of Indianapolis's board of trustees (1899 to 1904). He joined Purdue University's board of trustees on March 29, 1905, and served as its president from 1909 until his death in 1916.<mask> was also a member of the Indiana Historical Society and

masks:
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Charles Fairbanks
Harris
Charlemagne
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris


texts:
 the Columbia Club in Indianapolis. Death and legacy
<mask> suffered a stroke and died in Indianapolis on September 2, 1916. He is buried at Crown Hill Cemetery in Indianapolis, Marion County, Indiana. <mask>'s legacy includes his contributions to the state’s legal profession, most notably the formation of the Indianapolis Bar Association, which has grown from its original 40 members to a more than 5,100, and the Indiana State Bar Association, which also continues to serve the state's legal community. To save it from demolition the Town (present-day City) of Fishers, Indiana, supervised the move of <mask>'s summer home in Hamilton County from its original location at 96th Street and Allisonville Road to 106th Street and Eller Road (present-day Heritage Park at White River) in 1996. The West-Harris House (also known as Ambassador House) was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999. The restored home is operated as a local history museum and a site for community events and private rentals.Honors and tributes
At India <mask> <mask>'s bequest, a trust in honor of her husband was established in 1948 to fund a public lecture series. The <mask><mask> Memorial Lecture brings prominent legal scholars to Indiana to lecture at Indiana University Bloomington's Maurer School of Law. The first lectures in the series were delivered in 1949. More recently, Professor Jack Balkin, Yale Law School, delivered, "The Recent Unpleasantness: Understanding the Cycles of Constitutional Time," on September 13, 2017. Notes

References

1840 births
1916 deaths
People from Wayne County, Indiana
People from Indianapolis
Indiana lawyers
Indiana Republicans
20th-century American diplomats
Indiana state senators
Indiana Historical Society
Butler University alumni
19th-century American

masks:
Harris
Harris
Harris
Crago
Harris
Addison C
. Harris


texts:
<mask> "<mask>" <mask> (September 13, 1909 − April 14, 1973) was an Italian-American gangster who became one of the Chicago Outfit's most notorious loan sharks and sociopathic killers. Chicago-based Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents, such as William F. Roemer, Jr., considered DeStefano to be the worst torture-murderer in the history of the United States. The Outfit used the mentally unstable and sadistic DeStefano for the torture-murders of Leo Foreman and Arthur Adler, the murder of <mask>'s younger brother, <mask> (an Outfit enforcer), and many others. However, due to <mask>'s deranged mental state, the Outfit never let him become a made man. At least one Outfit insider, Charles Crimaldi, claimed DeStefano was a devil worshipper. Early years
<mask>, Jr. was born in Streator, Illinois, into the Italian-American family of <mask>, Sr., and <mask> (née Brasco), both of whom had been born in Italy and had immigrated to the United States in 1903. Destefano, Sr., was a laborer and, later on in life, a grocer and real estate salesman who died of natural causes in 1942, at age 77.Rosalie was a housewife, who throughout her life was supported by the contributions of her children. She died in October 1960. In all, the DeStefanos had seven children, three sons and four daughters. Not long after his birth, <mask> and his family moved to Herrin, Illinois, where his father worked in the local coal mine. After the labor-related turmoil surrounding the Herrin Massacre, the <mask> family moved north to Chicago's Little Italy. One of the earliest reports on DeStefano is from September 12, 1926, when he was arrested in Chicago and turned over to the Niles Police Department as a fugitive for breaking out of jail. On July 1, 1927, several hundred Westside gang members showed up threatening violence against a police sergeant for arresting DeStefano and shooting <mask>'s associate Harry Casgrovi.In November 1927, <mask>

masks:
Samuel
Mad Sam
DeStefano
DeStefano
Michael DeStefano
DeStefano
Samuel DeStefano
Samuel DeStefano
Rosalie DeStefano
Sam DeStefano
DeStefano
DeStefano
DeStefano


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 and fellow gang member Ralph Orlando were in court on charges of assaulting a 17-year-old girl. The prosecution claimed that on August 19, 1927, the girl was forced into an automobile and driven to a garage where she was sexually assaulted by seven men. Orlando and DeStefano were both found guilty of rape; Orlando was sentenced to ten years while DeStefano was sentenced to three. In 1930, DeStefano joined the Forty-Two Gang, an infamous Chicago street gang led by future Outfit boss, Salvatore "<mask>" Giancana. DeStefano soon became involved in bootlegging and gambling. In 1932, he was wounded by a policeman during a grocery store robbery. In August of that year, DeStefano appeared at a hospital on Chicago's West Side with bullet wounds, which he refused to explain.In 1933, <mask> was convicted of a bank robbery in New Lisbon, Wisconsin and sentenced to 40 years in prison. His sentence was commuted by Governor Julius Heil in December 1942 and he was released in December 1944. DeStefano returned to prison in June 1947 for possessing counterfeit sugar ration stamps. While in Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary in the 1940s DeStefano met Outfit members Paul Ricca and Louis Campagna. Later in 1947, <mask> was released and obtained a civil service job in Chicago as a garbage dump foreman. In 1952, city officials discovered <mask> had omitted his criminal record from his Civil Service application; however, they chose not to prosecute him. Crimes

Political fixing
During the early 1950s, DeStefano became one of the most prominent loan shark operators in Chicago.Using stolen money from his days as a bank robber, DeStefano began investing in Chicago real estate. He bought a 24-suite apartment building and used the rent money as legitimate income to bribe local aldermen and other politicians. By the mid-1950s, DeStefano's influence extended to city officials, prominent judges, and law enforcement officers. DeStefano would

masks: Sam DeStefano DeStefano DeStefano