texts:
 Emory University and founded the Emory Cognition Project, which was later directed by Robyn Fivush. His well-known Challenger study was conducted while he was at Emory. In 1995, he headed an American Psychological Association task force that reviewed controversial issues in the study of intelligence, in response particularly to then controversial book The Bell Curve. The task force produced a consensus report "Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns". In April 1996, <mask> chaired a conference at Emory University that focused on secular changes in intelligence-test scores.In 1998, he published The Rising Curve: Long-Term Gains in IQ and Related Measures. <mask> was both a Guggenheim and Sloan Fellow. Research on memory
<mask> was an early exponent of one of a key conceptualizations of memory, the view, now widely accepted, that memory represents an active process of construction rather than a passive reproduction of the past. This notion arose from <mask>'s analysis of the Watergate testimony of John Dean, a former advisor to Richard Nixon. The study compares Dean's memories, gleaned from his direct testimony, to recorded conversations in which Dean participated. <mask> found that Dean's memories were largely incorrect when compared to the recorded conversations. For one thing, he found that Dean's memories tended to be egocentric, selecting items that emphasized his role in ongoing events.More importantly, Dean combined into single "memories" a combination of events that actually occurred at different times. As <mask> states, "what seems to be a remembered episode actually represents a repeated series of events". <mask> suggested that such memory errors are common, reflecting the nature of memory as a process of construction. Flashbulb memories

masks: Neisser Neisser Neisser Neisser Neisser Neisser Neisser


type: original

texts: The concept of flashbulb memories was first described by Brown and Kulik in their 1977 paper on memories of John F. Kennedy's assassination. Thus, a very surprising striking and significant event that induces high emotional arousal may yield  a vivid, accurate memory of the time, place and other circumstances ongoing at the time of learning of the event. <mask> sought to analyse this conception of memory by undertaking a study of individual's memories of the Challenger Space Shuttle explosion. Immediately following the Challenger explosion in January 1986, <mask> distributed a questionnaire to college freshmen asking them to write down key information as to where they were, who they were with, and what time it was, when the Challenger explosion occurred.Three years later, <mask> surveyed the now senior students using the same survey to examine the accuracy of their memory. <mask> found that there were notable errors in the student memories, despite the student's confidence in their accuracy. <mask>'s findings challenged the idea that flashbulb memories are virtually without error. <mask> conducted further research on flashbulb memories, aiming to clarify the manner in which memories are constructed. One study involved individuals' recollections of the 1989 California earthquake. Using subjects in California, near the quake, and others in Atlanta, far from it, <mask> examined differences in the recollections of those who actually that experienced the event and those who simply heard about it. <mask> used surveys to collect data on the emotional impact of the earthquake and on individual memories of the earthquake to study possible associations between memory and emotion.In the spring of 1991, <mask> contacted participants to compare their

masks: Neisser Neisser Neisser Neisser Neisser Neisser Neisser Neisser Neisser


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 current accounts of the earthquake with their previous accounts. He found that, in comparison to participants in Atlanta, the California students generally had more accurate recollections of the earthquake. Death
<mask> died due to Parkinson's disease on February 17, 2012 in Ithaca, New York. Publications

 Books and book chapters
 Neisser, U. (1967). Cognitive psychology. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.<mask>, U. (1976). Cognition and reality: Principles and implications of cognitive psychology. New York: Freeman. Neisser, U., & Hyman, I. E. (1982). Memory observed: Remembering in natural contexts. New York: Worth Publishers.<mask>, U. (1987). Concepts and conceptual development: Ecological and intellectual factors in categorization. New York, NY US: Cambridge University Press. <mask>, U., & Harsch, N. (1992). Phantom flashbulbs: False recollections of hearing the news about Challenger. In E. Winograd, U. <mask> (Eds.), Affect and accuracy in recall: Studies of 'flashbulb' memories (pp. 9–31). New York, NY US: Cambridge University Press. Neisser, U. (1993). The Perceived self: Ecological and interpersonal sources of self-knowledge. Cambridge England: Cambridge University Press.Neisser, U., & Jopling, D. A. (1997). The conceptual self in context: Culture, experience, self-understanding. New York, NY US: Cambridge University Press. <mask>, U., & American Psychological Association. (1998). The rising curve: Long-term gains in IQ and related measures.Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. <mask>, U. (2003). Cognitive psychology. In, The history of psychology: Fundamental questions (pp. 447–466). New York, NY US: Oxford University Press.<mask>, U., & Winograd, E. (2006). Remembering reconsidered: Ecological and traditional

masks: Neisser Neisser Neisser Neisser Neisser Neisser Neisser Neisser


texts:
 approaches to the study of memory. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. <mask>, U. (2007). Ulric <mask>.In G. Lindzey, W. M. Runyan (Eds. ), A history of psychology in autobiography, Vol. IX (pp. 269–301). Washington, DC US: American Psychological Association. Neisser, U., & Fivush, R. (2008). The remembering self: Construction and accuracy in the self-narrative''.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Journal articles

References

Further reading

External links

Biografia de Ulric Neisser at psicoloucos.com. Ulric <mask> at the Cornell University website. 1928 births
2012 deaths
20th-century psychologists
21st-century psychologists
American psychologists
Cognitive neuroscientists
Cornell University faculty
Harvard University alumni
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Memory researchers
Race and intelligence controversy
German emigrants to the United

masks: Neisser Neisser Neisser


texts: <mask> (born January 31, 1958) is an American attorney and university administrator who is currently the ninth president of Grove City College. He served as the Deputy Attorney General of the United States from March 17, 2006, to July 26, 2007. Prior to that, he was the U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia. He was nominated as U.S. Attorney by President George W. Bush and confirmed on September 14, 2001. McNulty was nominated to the position of Deputy Attorney General on October 20, 2005, following the withdrawal of Timothy Flanigan's candidacy. McNulty was sworn into office on March 17, 2006. He replaced acting Deputy Attorney General Robert McCallum Jr.  McNulty graduated from Grove City College, a small Christian school in western Pennsylvania, in 1980.He received his Juris Doctor (J.D.) from the Capital University School of Law in 1983. As a U.S. Attorney, McNulty is most noted for overseeing the prosecution of a number of high-profile cases, including those against terror suspects John Walker Lindh, Ahmed Omar Abu Ali and Zacarias Moussaoui. Before becoming a U.S. Attorney, McNulty directed President Bush's transition team for the Department of Justice and then served as Principal Associate Attorney General. From 1990 to 1993, under President George H. W. Bush, McNulty was the Justice Department's director of policy and its chief spokesman. On July 30, 2007, McNulty announced that he would be joining the law firm of Baker & McKenzie LLP as a partner in their Washington, D.C. office. On May 16, 2014, Grove City College named McNulty their ninth president.He also serves on the Board of Trustees of the Trinity Forum. Career


texts:
 before Department of Justice

McNulty started his public career in 1983 "as a Democrat and counsel to the House Ethics Committee, [before] eventual bec[oming] a Republican...."

McNulty served the United States Congress for 12 years. He was Chief Counsel and Director of Legislative Operations for the Majority Leader of the U.S. House of Representatives. He was also Chief Counsel to the House Subcommittee on Crime where he served for eight years. During those years he was a principal draftsman of many anti-terrorism, drug control, firearms and anti-fraud statutes. He also served as chief counsel and communications director for House Judiciary Committee Republicans during the impeachment of President Bill Clinton. Career at Department of Justice

McNulty has played a significant role in shaping criminal justice policy in the Commonwealth of Virginia.He was a primary architect of the "Parole Abolition and Sentencing Reform" initiative in 1994, and he served on the board of the Department of Criminal Justice Services and the Advisory Committee of the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. The Washington Post noted: "He helped shepherd John D. Ashcroft through a contentious confirmation as attorney general in 2001 and was appointed the U.S. attorney in Alexandria three days after the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks. McNulty, who had no trial experience, presided over a dramatic expansion of that office over the next four years before taking over as Gonzales's second-in-command." As Deputy Attorney General, McNulty reported to the Attorney General, and served as Chairman of Attorney General Alberto Gonzales' Advisory Committee and as


texts:
 Chairman of the Washington/Baltimore High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area. In December, 2006 McNulty issued Charging Guidelines for Corporate Fraud Prosecutions, which are informally referred to as the "McNulty Memorandum." The guidelines replaced the Thompson Memorandum, which was issued in January 2003 by then-Deputy Attorney General Larry Thompson, and provides guidance to federal prosecutors in deciding whether to charge a corporation, rather than or in addition to individuals within the corporation, with criminal offenses. Under the Thompson memo, in deciding whether a corporation was cooperating with an investigation, prosecutors were allowed to consider two controversial factors: 1) whether a company would agree to waive the attorney-client privilege in regard to conversations had by its employees, and 2) whether a company had declined to pay attorneys' fees for its employees.The McNulty Memo requires that when federal prosecutors seek privileged attorney-client communications or legal advice from a company, the U.S. Attorney must obtain written approval from the Deputy Attorney General. On May 14, 2007 <mask> announced his resignation in a letter to Attorney General Alberto Gonzales. <mask>'s resignation took effect July 26, 2007. U.S. Attorneys controversy

In January 2007, shortly after a number of U.S. Attorneys were fired the same day (December 7, 2006), Congress began investigations. McNulty became a central figure after he told the Senate Judiciary Committee in a hearing on February 6, 2007, "that the White House played only a marginal role in the dismissals," a statement that was contradicted by later testimony and

masks: McNulty McNulty


texts:
 subsequently released documents.He also said most of the prosecutors were fired for "performance-related" reasons. That statement angered many of the dismissed  U.S. attorneys, most of whom had very positive evaluations,  and who had refrained from criticizing the DOJ about their surprise dismissals, and that personal explanation was not forthcoming from the Department justifying their dismissals." As Legal Times explained: "McNulty's testimony angered three key constituencies in the scandal: the attorney general, Congress, and the fired U.S. attorneys. Gonzales, it would later emerge, was upset that McNulty had essentially disclosed the involvement of the White House in the firing of H.E. "Bud" Cummins III, the U.S. attorney in Arkansas. And members of Congress would note that, in testifying that Cummins had been fired to make way for an acolyte of White House political adviser Karl Rove, McNulty was contradicting an earlier assertion by Gonzales that the firings hadn't been motivated by political reasons. '...It also spurred most of the fired prosecutors to publicly defend themselves...."

Cumins was removed "to make room for Tim Griffin, a Karl Rove protégé who had headed the opposition-research operation at the Republican National Committee.Gonzales was upset, his former chief of staff Kyle Sampson has told congressional investigators, that <mask>'s revelation put "in the public sphere" the uncomfortable fact that the White House helped engineer the dismissal." On March 13th, Attorney General Alberto Gonzales conceded that McNulty's testimony was inaccurate, "incomplete information was communicated or may have been communicated to


texts:
 Congress." Senator Charles Schumer said he was told by Justice Department officials that Carol Lam and others were terminated because of "performance-related," but Schumer said, Deputy Attorney General <mask>y later "called me on the phone and said, 'I am sorry that I didn't tell you the truth."' McNulty, in turn, was said to be angry at being kept out of the loop, and for being misled, telling congressional investigators in private testimony to Congress on April 27, 2007 that "Kyle Sampson, then Gonzales's chief of staff, and Monica M. Goodling, then the department's White House liaison, did not brief him fully before his testimony." On May 14, McNulty announced his resignation, which took effect July 26, 2007. On May 28, 2007, Monica Goodling, the Department's White House liaison, was summoned under a limited grant of immunity to testify before the House Judiciary Committee, where she was quick to refute McNulty's earlier charges against her by stating that, in fact, it was McNulty  who "had not been fully candid" about the 2006 U.S. Attorney firings. References

External links
 biography from the U.S. Department of Justice
 Prosecutor Nominated As Justice No.2, The Associated Press, October 21, 2005
 <mask> – Alumnus Biography from Grove City College
 "Deputy AG Not Fully Candid," CNN, May 28, 2007

Living people
1958 births
Grove City College alumni
Capital University Law School alumni
Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy
George W. Bush administration personnel
United States Deputy Attorneys General
United States Attorneys for the Eastern District of Virginia
Pennsylvania Republicans
Pennsylvania Democrats
People associated with

masks:
Paul McNult
Paul McNulty


texts:
<mask>'<mask> (born May 18, 1994) is a Swiss professional basketball player for the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is the highest-earning team athlete in Switzerland's history. Early years
<mask>, whose father is from Angola and whose mother is from Congo, was born in Geneva, Switzerland. His parents separated a few months after his birth, leaving his mother to raise him and his brothers by herself. As a child, at first he liked soccer. He was raised partly in foster care. Because he was  as a 13-year-old, his brother suggested he switch sports.After meeting Swiss basketball icon Thabo Sefolosha, <mask> Chalon (2012–2014)
In 2012, <mask> joined the senior Élan Chalon team of the LNB Pro A. On April 12, 2014, <mask> represented the World Team at the 2014 Nike Hoop Summit. Later that month, he declared for the 2014 NBA draft. In May 2014, he was named the Best Young Player and Most Improved Player of the 2013–14 LNB Pro A season. Houston Rockets (2014–2020)

2014–15 season
On June 26, 2014, <mask> was selected with the 25th overall pick in the 2014 NBA draft by the Houston Rockets.On July 25, 2014, he signed with the Rockets. On March 30, 2015, <mask> scored his first NBA points, finishing the game with eight points and nine rebounds in a 99–96 loss to the Toronto Raptors. On April 13, he had a season-best game for the Rockets with 10 points and five rebounds in a win over the Charlotte Hornets. During his rookie season, he had multiple assignments with the Rio Grande Valley Vipers of the NBA Development League. <mask> took a step forward in the postseason, when he saw minutes in place of the injured Donatas Motiejūnas. He appeared in more playoff games (17) than regular season contests in 2014–15 and averaged 3.4 points in 7.5 minutes per postseason game. 2015–16 season
In his second season, on November 6, 2015, <mask> recorded his first career double-double with then career highs of 13 points and 12 rebounds as a starter in a 116–110 win over the

masks:
Clint N
Dumba Capela
Capela
Capelalan
Capela
Capela
Capela
Capela
Capela
Capela


texts:
 Sacramento Kings.On November 29, in an overtime win over the New York Knicks, Capela recorded his third double-double over a span of four games, including a career-high 18 points. During the 2016 NBA All-Star Weekend, <mask> competed for the World Team in the Rising Stars Challenge. On April 13, in the Rockets' season finale, <mask> recorded a career-high 17 rebounds in a 116–81 win over Sacramento. 2016–17 season
On November 19, 2016, <mask> scored a career-high 20 points in a 111–102 win over the Utah Jazz. On November 27, 2016, he set a new career high with 21 points against the Portland Trail Blazers. On December 19, 2016, he was ruled out for six weeks after suffering a broken fibula. He returned to action on January 17, 2017, against the Miami Heat after missing 15 games; he started the game against Miami but was scoreless in nine minutes.He went on to score 22 points on both January 20 and February 22, before recording a 24-point effort on March 4 against the Memphis Grizzlies. 2017–18 season
On October 18, 2017, <mask> had 22 points and matched his career high with 17 rebounds in a 105–100 win over the Sacramento Kings. Seven days later, he had 16 points and 20 rebounds in a 105–104 win over the Philadelphia 76ers. On December 11, 2017, he had a career-high 28 points in a 130–123 win over the New Orleans Pelicans. By Christmas, <mask> had accumulated 16 double-doubles in 28 games and ranked first in the NBA in field goal percentage. On February 9, 2018, he recorded 23 points and a career-high 25 rebounds in a 130–104 win over the Denver Nuggets, earning his first 20-point, 20-rebound game of his career. He became the youngest Rocket to have at least 23 points and 25 rebounds in a game since Hakeem Olajuwon had 30 points and 25 rebounds against the Knicks on February 14, 1985.<mask> was runner-up for the NBA Most Improved Player Award in 2017–18 after averaging career highs of 13.9 points, 10.8 rebounds, and 1.85 blocks. He led the league in field goal percentage (.652)

masks: Capela Capela Capela Capela Capela Capela


texts:
 while ranking eighth in rebounding and second in blocks. In Game 5 of the Rockets' first-round playoff series against the Minnesota Timberwolves, Capela had 26 points and 15 rebounds in a 122–104 series-clinching win. 2018–19 season
After the 2017–18 season, <mask> became a restricted free agent. On July 27, 2018, he signed a five-year, $90 million extension with the Rockets. On November 5, in a 98–94 win over the Indiana Pacers, <mask> had 18 points and 10 rebounds for his sixth consecutive double-double, a career best. On November 23, he recorded 29 points and 21 rebounds in a 116–111 overtime loss to the Detroit Pistons.On December 22, he had 21 points and a season-high 23 rebounds in a 108–101 win over the San Antonio Spurs. On December 25, he had 16 points and tied a season high with 23 rebounds in a 113–109 win over the Oklahoma City Thunder. On January 3, he recorded 29 points and 21 rebounds in a 135–134 overtime win over the Golden State Warriors. On January 7, he scored a career-high 31 points in a 125–113 win over the Denver Nuggets. On January 14, he was ruled out for four to six weeks with a right thumb injury that he suffered the previous night against the Orlando Magic. He returned to action on February 21 against the Los Angeles Lakers after missing 15 games. In March 2019, he had a career-best streak (12) of games with at least 10 rebounds.Atlanta Hawks (2020–present)
On February 5, 2020, Houston traded <mask> and Nenê to the Atlanta Hawks and received Robert Covington and Jordan Bell in a four-team, 12-player trade. On December 28, 2020, <mask> made his Hawks debut, putting up seven points, nine rebounds, and two blocks in a 128–120 win against the Detroit Pistons. On January 22, 2021, <mask> recorded his first career triple-double with 13 points, 19 rebounds, and 10 blocks in a 116–98 win over the Minnesota Timberwolves. National team career
In August 2013, <mask> debuted for the Swiss national basketball team at the FIBA EuroBasket 2015 qualification


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<mask> (June 16, 1933 – November 21, 2015) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball who is the only pitcher to lose a complete game nine-inning no-hitter. In all or parts of 13 seasons, he pitched for the Kansas City Athletics (1958–61), Cincinnati Reds (1961), Houston Colt .45/Astros (1962–65), Milwaukee/Atlanta Braves (1965–69), New York Yankees (1969), Chicago Cubs (1969), and Montreal Expos (1970). Including minor league service, his professional baseball career lasted for 18 seasons. <mask> stood  tall and weighed . Early life
<mask> was born in West Palm Beach, Florida, on June 16, 1933. Although a natural left-hander, <mask> became a right-handed pitcher because a right-handed glove was the only one his father could find for his son. <mask> played baseball throughout each of his high school years at Palm Beach High School then was drafted and served a two year enlistment in the United States Army at Fort Jackson, in Columbia, South Carolina, which is where he later met his wife of 60 years who, at that time, was attending the University of South Carolina.Joanna Lynn Ergle was studying education when they married on March 11, 1955. <mask> also attended the University of South Carolina for a year and then joined a minor league baseball affiliate of the Philadelphia Athletics. Baseball career
<mask> spent almost a decade in the organization of the Philadelphia / Kansas City Athletics before establishing himself as a starting pitcher in the major leagues. He made his debut with Kansas City in a two-game trial during September 1958, and was hit hard (posting a 18.90 earned run average). Another two-game,

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Kenneth Travis Johnson
Johnson
Ken Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson


texts: late-season audition happened a year later; this time, he was given two starting assignments, split two decisions, and lowered his ERA to 4.09. <mask> then spent all of  with the Athletics, getting into 42 games (all but six as a relief pitcher). Pitching for a last-place team, he was 5–10, with two complete games, three saves and a 4.26 ERA.But when the  season started, <mask> struggled: in six games (and only one start), he lost all four decisions and his earned run average ballooned to 10.61. He was traded to the independently operated Toronto Maple Leafs of the Triple-A International League on May 8. He worked in 19 games for the Maple Leafs and pitched reasonably well. Ten weeks later, on July 21, Toronto traded <mask> to the Cincinnati Reds, a surprise pennant contender in the National League. The trade, and <mask>'s addition of the knuckleball to his repertoire, enabled him to solidify his status as a major league pitcher. The Reds were in first place by 1 games over the Los Angeles Dodgers, but had lost five games in a row when <mask> was acquired. Between July 26 and September 16, <mask> made 11 starts, winning six games, losing two, and posting three complete games and his first MLB shutout.He helped the Reds widen their lead to 4 games, which was essentially their winning margin as they captured the fourth National League championship in their long history. But <mask> played in only one game of the 1961 World Series against the New York Yankees. In Game 5, the Series' final contest, working in relief with Cincinnati trailing 6–0 in the second inning, he retired the only two Yankees to face him (Elston Howard and Bill

masks: Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson


texts: Skowron), then was removed for a pinch hitter. The Yankees went on to win the game, 13–5, and the 1961 world championship. The following day, on October 10, 1961, <mask> was selected with the 29th pick in the 1961 Major League Baseball expansion draft by the fledgling Houston Colt .45s. He pitched three full seasons (1962–64) and part of a fourth (in 1965) for the Houston franchise (renamed the Astros in <mask>'s final year), making 106 starts and compiling a solid 3.41 earned run average in 690 innings pitched, but his win–loss record was only 32–51. <mask> began  by winning three of five decisions for the Astros.Then, on May 23, he was traded to the Braves, who were in their final year in Milwaukee. As a Brave, <mask> had three successive winning years, capturing 13, 14 and 13 games from 1965–67, with earned run averages of 3.21, 3.30 and 2.74. He started the second game in Atlanta Braves' history on April 13, 1966, but absorbed a 6–0 loss at the hands of the Pittsburgh Pirates. Altogether, however, <mask>'s years with the Braves were his most successful in the majors: he won 45 games, lost 34, and put up a strong 3.22 earned run average in three full campaigns and parts of two others. <mask> pitched for four teams in his last two years in the big leagues,  and , bouncing from the Braves to the Yankees, Chicago Cubs and Montreal Expos. He retired after the 1970 season with a career record of 91–106 and a 3.46 earned run average. In 334 games pitched, with 213 starts, he allowed 1,670 hits and 413 bases on balls in 1,737 innings pitched, with 1,042 strikeouts, 50 complete games, seven shutouts and eight saves.The 1961 World Series

masks: Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson


texts:
 was his only postseason appearance. No-hit game
Pitching for the Colt .45s on April 23, 1964 at Colt Stadium, <mask> gave up no hits in a 1–0 loss to his former team, the Cincinnati Reds. The game's only run was scored in the top of the ninth after Pete Rose reached second base on an error (by <mask> himself), went to third on a ground-out, and scored on a second error, this one by second baseman Nellie Fox on Vada Pinson's ground ball. Opposing pitcher Joe Nuxhall retired the side in the bottom half to make <mask> a no-hit loser. <mask> still is the only player to ever lose an official no-hitter by himself. <mask> later appeared as a guest on I've Got a Secret telling this story to the panelists. Post retirement
After his retirement in 1970, <mask> returned to West Palm Beach where he worked as a baseball coach at what is now Palm Beach Atlantic University.Subsequently, <mask> moved to Pineville, Louisiana where he worked as an assistant baseball coach at Louisiana College until his retirement in 2000. <mask> also served as a deacon at the First Baptists Church and Pineville and at New Life Community Church in Alexandria, Louisiana, and had a very active nursing home visitation for many years. Death and legacy
<mask> died at the age of 82 at his home in Pineville. He had been bed ridden with Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases for two years prior to contracting a kidney infection which ultimately led to his death. His survivors include his wife Joanna, sons <mask> Jr., and <mask>, and daughter Janet Lynne <mask>, all of whom reside in the Pineville area, along with grandchildren, Dr. <mask> from Memphis, Tennessee, Kelly Bentley

masks:
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Ken Johnson
Russell Johnson
Johnson
Jason Johnson


texts:
 from Pineville, Beth Maurey from Pineville, Jennifer Phillips from Lake Charles, Jillian and Jalayne <mask> from Lake Charles; great grandchildren, Kassidy Bentley from Pineville, Collin Maurey from Pineville, Carter and Evan Phillips from Lake Charles and <mask> of Memphis; brother, Ernest Henry <mask>, Jr.

Because of the way baseball defines a "no-hitter", at the time of his death <mask> remained the only pitcher officially credited with a no-hitter that he lost. In a 2004 interview <mask> said he regretted being the answer to a piece of baseball trivia. "Instead of the notoriety,' he said in a 2004 interview with the Alexandria Daily Town Talk, "I'd rather have won the game."See also

 Houston Astros award winners and league leaders
 List of Houston Astros no-hitters
 List of Major League Baseball no-hitters

References

 Bike, William S. The Forgotten 1970 Chicago Cubs: Go and Glow (2021). The History Press. ISBN 978-1467149082. External links

Schmitt, Steven, <mask>. Society for American Baseball Research Biography Project

1933 births
2015 deaths
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Atlanta Braves players
Baseball players from Florida
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Chicago Cubs players
Cincinnati Reds players
Columbia Gems players
Houston Astros players
Houston Colt .45s players
Kansas City Athletics players
Knuckleball pitchers
Lancaster Red Roses players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Milwaukee Braves players
Montreal Expos players
New York Yankees players
Portland Beavers players
Savannah A's players
Savannah Indians players
Sportspeople from West Palm Beach, Florida
Toronto Maple Leafs (International

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Johnson
Eden Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
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Ken Johnson


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<mask> ibni Almarhum Sultan <mask> was the 12th Sultan of Pahang who reigned from 1592 to 1614. He was originally appointed as regent for his younger half-brother of a royal mother, <mask> after the death of their father in 1590. He subsequently deposed his charge and assumed power two years later. He is credited for during his reign, the Hukum Kanun Pahang ('Pahang Laws') was compiled and became the base for the legal administration not only in Pahang, but later in Johor. Personal life
Born as <mask> in 1567, he was the eldest son of the 10th Sultan of Pahang, <mask> by a junior wife. The other of his half siblings were Raja Yamir, Raja Ahmad, Puteri Kamaliah, and Puteri Khairul Bariah. Following the invasion of Pahang by Aceh Sultanate later in 1617, several members of Pahang royal family were brought to Aceh.Puteri Kamaliah became the queen consort to the ruler of Aceh, Iskandar Muda, while her sister Khairul Bariah was married to the future first Sultan of Deli, Gocah Pahlawan. In 1584, <mask> had married Princess Ungu, the youngest sister of Raja Hijau of Pattani. From this marriage, he had issued a daughter, Raja Kuning. Both Raja Ungu and Raja Kuning were successively ruled Pattani from the period of 1624 to 1651, after the era of Raja Hijau and Raja Biru. <mask> also formed marriage connection with Brunei, when he married Princess Zaharah or Zohra, daughter of Saiful Rijal. He had issued a prince from this marriage, named <mask>, whom he designated an heir or Raja Muda. <mask>r also had another son with an unknown wife, whose name was not disclosed in local history but found inscribed on a royal seal in a treaty with

masks:
Sultan Abdul Ghafur Muhiuddin Shah
Abdul Kadir Alauddin Shah
Ahmad Shah II
Raja Abdul Ghafur
Abdul Kadir Alauddin Shah
Abdul Ghafur
Abdul Ghafur
Abdullah
Abdul Ghafu


texts:
 Portuguese Malacca.He was identified as Alauddin Riayat <mask> who believed to have ascended the throne after killing father and elder brother Raja Muda <mask> in 1614. <mask> was also survived by other 12 children from his commoner wives. Reign
Following the demise of their father, the 10th Sultan of Pahang, <mask> Alauddin <mask>, <mask> was appointed regent for his younger half-brother of a royal mother, <mask> II who succeeded as the 11th Sultan of Pahang in 1590. He subsequently deposed his charge and assumed power two years later. Foreign relations
<mask> discontinued the policy of cordial relationship with the Portuguese as enjoyed during his father's era. During his reign, Pahang attacked the Portuguese and simultaneously challenged the Dutch presence in the Straits of Malacca. Nevertheless, in 1607, Pahang not only tolerated the Dutch, but even cooperated with them in an attempt to oust the Portuguese.In 1607, the Dutch Empire began their trade mission to Pahang lead by the merchant Abraham van den Broeck. On 7 November 1607, a Dutch warship with Admiral Cornelis Matelief de Jonge onboard dropped anchor at Kuala Pahang. Earlier in 1606, Matelief, in an attempt to establish the Dutch power in the Straits of Malacca, was defeated twice by the Portuguese in the First Siege of Malacca and the Battle of Cape Rachado. Matelief, who had come to solicit the assistance of Pahang against the Portuguese, had an audience with the Sultan. The ruler emphasized the importance of alliance between Johor and neighbouring states, and added that he would try to provide two thousand men in order to bring the war to a successful conclusion.

masks:
Shah
Abdullah
Abdul Ghafur
Abdul Kadir
Shah
Abdul Ghafur
Ahmad Shah
Abdul Ghafur


texts:
 At the Sultan's request, Matelief sent him a gunner to test a piece of cannon that was being cast for Raja Bongsu of Johor. The Pahang people also manufactured cannon for firing projectiles which were better than those of Java but inferior to those of the Portuguese.Matelief requested the Sultan to send two vessels to the Straits of Sabon to join the Johor vessels which were already there, and to despatch two more vessels to Penang waters to strengthen the Kedah and Achinese fleets to cut the Portuguese food supplies. <mask> tried to reforge the Johor-Pahang alliance to assist the Dutch. However, a quarrel which erupted with Johor, resulted in an open war between the two states. In September 1612, the Johor army overran and plundered Pekan in a surprise attack. The people of Pahang were taken unprepared and retreated without fighting, with the sultan and his son in law, a prince from Brunei, retreated to the mountains. <mask> reclaimed the state only in 1613 after having defeated Johor with the aid of Sultan of Brunei. Administration
Pahang was governed by the set of laws that derived from the formal legal text of Melaka consisted of the Undang-Undang Melaka and the Undang-Undang Laut Melaka.The laws as written in the legal digests went through an evolutionary process. By the early 17th century, during the reign of Sultan <mask>, Pahang promulgated the set of laws into its own version, called Hukum Kanun Pahang, that contain among others, detailed provisions on ceremonial matters, settlement of social conflicts, maritime matters, Islamic laws and general matters. By the time of <mask> <mask>, a sophisticated social hierarchy was

masks:
Abdul Ghafur
Abdul Ghafur
Abdul Ghafur
Sultan Abdul
Ghafur


texts:
 established in Pahang, of which the most important were the offices of four major hereditary chiefs who were granted their respective fiefs to govern on behalf of the Sultan. A tradition
handed down in the family of the Menteri of the Lipis valley,
(minor head-men of the Orang Kaya Setia Wangsa of Lipis),
records that the progenitor of Orang Kaya Indera Perba Jelai first came to Jelai, and was granted the fief by the Sultan, about 1000 A.H. (1591 A.D.). Death
<mask> died in 1614, together with his eldest son Raja Muda <mask>, possibly poisoned by his second son who succeeded as Alauddin Riayat <mask> Pahang and buried alongside his son who was posthumously known as Marhum Muda Pahang, at Chondong Royal cemetery, Pekan. The tombstones at Chondong Royal cemetery were erected later in 1638 by the order of his nephew, Iskandar Thani, who ruled Aceh from 1636 to 1641.Before 1607, Raja Muda <mask> had married a Perak princess by whom he had two daughters. When Raja Muda <mask> was murdered in 1614, his widow and daughters were sent to Perak. There, she and her daughters were captured by Iskandar Muda and taken to Aceh, where in time, one of the daughters was married to another royal captive, Raja Sulong, the future Sultan Muzaffar Riayat <mask> of Perak. In popular culture
<mask> <mask> was played by Jesdaporn Pholdee in the 2008 Thai movie Queens of Langkasuka. He was depicted in the movie as the fiancé of Princess Ungu who came to defend Pattani during the reign of Raja Hijau. References

Bibliography

1614 deaths
16th-century Sultans of Pahang
17th-century Sultans of Pahang
Deaths by poisoning
17th-century murdered

masks:
Abdul Ghafur
Abdullah
Shahhum
Abdullah
Abdullah
Shah II
Raja Abdul
Ghafur


texts:
<mask> (born May 3, 1977) is an American singer-songwriter. He has released nine studio albums through Capitol Nashville since 2005. His debut album, 2006's Sinners Like Me, produced three singles on the Billboard country charts including the top 20 hits "How 'Bout You", "Two Pink Lines", and "Guys Like Me". His second album, 2009's Carolina, produced three more singles: "Smoke a Little Smoke" and his first top 10 hits, "Love Your Love the Most" and "Hell on the Heart". 2011's Chief, his first No. 1 album, gave him his first two No. 1 singles, "Drink in My Hand" and "Springsteen", and the hits "Homeboy", "Creepin'", and "Like Jesus Does".His third No. 1 single was "The Only Way I Know", which he, Jason Aldean, and Luke Bryan recorded for Aldean's album Night Train. A fourth album, The Outsiders, was released in February 2014. It produced five new singles between 2013 and 2015 with the title track, "Give Me Back My Hometown", "Cold One", "Talladega" and "Like a Wrecking Ball". "Talladega" and "Give Me Back My Hometown" each reached number one on the Country Airplay chart. <mask> got his sixth No. 1 hit with Keith Urban in May 2015 with the single "Raise 'Em Up".His fifth studio album, Mr. Misunderstood, was released in November 2015 and went on to produce two number one singles with "Record Year" and "Round Here Buzz". On July 13, 2018, <mask> released the first single and title track of his album Desperate Man, which was released in October 2018. In April 2021, <mask> released the triple album set Heart & Soul. Early life
<mask>

masks:
Kenneth Eric Church
Eric Church
Church
Church
Church


texts:
 was born on May 3, 1977, in Granite Falls, North Carolina (Dudley Shoals area), to Ken and <mask>. <mask> worked with his father at Clayton Marcus, a furniture upholstery company where his father was president. At 13, he bought a guitar and began writing songs of his own. By his senior year of high school, he had found a gig at a local bar, which occupied most of his time.He played many Jimmy Buffett cover songs and a few of his own original songs in some dive bars. Some of these places were so rough that he got into a few altercations from the stage. For a few years, the band played often in bars and restaurants throughout North Carolina. The band "Mountain Boys" consisted of his college roommate, brother, and a fellow guitarist. Before moving to Nashville, <mask> graduated from South Caldwell High School and then Appalachian State University with a degree in marketing. Upon graduation, <mask> became engaged to a Spanish teacher in the town of Lenoir, North Carolina. The future bride's father attempted to persuade <mask> into a corporate career, which he rejected as an aspiring musician (and later referenced in his song "What I Almost Was" from his debut album).She broke the engagement and he headed to Nashville with his father's financial backing. His father also provided the opportunity to make contacts, and more importantly, time to focus on developing his songwriting ability. Music career

2006–2007: Sinners Like Me
Church co-wrote Terri Clark's 2005 single "The World Needs a Drink", and the track "Whiskey Wings" on Dean

masks:
Rita Church
Church
Eric
Church
Church


texts: Miller's 2005 album Platinum. He started recording with different producers. Capitol Nashville showed an interest and watched him perform but they were yet to be convinced enough to offer a recording contract. Autumn House-Tallant told HitQuarters that they didn't think the music was interesting enough. The record company's attitude changed after he started working with producer Jay Joyce.Doyle states, “<mask> scored a meeting with Nashville heavyweight Arthur Buenahora, a publisher at Sony Music who also signed Taylor Swift and Miranda Lambert. <mask> played him "Lightning", a ballad he wrote after watching the movie The Green Mile”. (p. 5) The strong sound and direction the two forged together finally convinced Capitol Nashville that he was ready. His first single, "How 'Bout You" peaked at No. 14 on Hot Country Songs and led off his debut album Sinners Like Me. In April 2006, he performed on the Grand Ole Opry for the first time. The album's other two singles, "Two Pink Lines" and "Guys Like Me", both reached the Top 20 as well.The fourth single, the title track, peaked at No. 51. An additional track from the album, "Lightning", was made into a music video despite not being released as a single. <mask> wrote the song shortly after moving to Nashville, inspired by the movie The Green Mile. Following the album's success, <mask> toured with Brad Paisley and Rascal Flatts. <mask> was fired from opening for Rascal Flatts after repeatedly performing for longer than his allotted time, despite repeated warnings. He was replaced by

masks: Eric Church Church Church Church


texts:
 Taylor Swift, who was just starting her career.Before Swift started the tour, <mask> and Swift spoke in which he told Swift that she would thrive on the tour and joked that she should give her first gold record to him as a thanks. Swift later did give him her first gold record with an attached note that said "Thanks for playing too long and too loud on the Flatts tour. I sincerely appreciate it. Taylor". 2008–2010: Carolina
In 2008, <mask> released a fifth single, "His Kind of Money (My Kind of Love)" to country radio. It debuted on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart at No. 55 in early 2008, and reached its peak of No.46 in August. Originally slated as the lead single to an upcoming second album, "His Kind of Money" was instead included as a bonus track on albums sold at Best Buy. Following this song was "Love Your Love the Most", which debuted in early 2009 and was the first single from his second album Carolina, released in stores on March 24, 2009. The night before the official release, Church and Capitol Records distributed copies of the album on the campus of <mask>'s alma mater, Appalachian State University, during a "release party" concert. As with his debut album, Carolina was produced by Jay Joyce, and is entirely composed of songs that he co-wrote. "Love Your Love the Most" brought <mask> to the top 10 for the very first time, peaking at No. 10 in September 2009.The album's second single, "Hell on the Heart", debuted in October 2009 and would also hit the top 10 in May 2010. The third single from "Carolina" was "Smoke

masks:
Church
Eric Church
Church
Church


texts:
 a Little Smoke". In June 2010, <mask> moved to Capitol Nashville's new imprint EMI Records Nashville, becoming their second artist. On January 14, 2011, he released a four-song EP entitled Caldwell County. 2011–2013: Chief

<mask> released "Homeboy" to country radio in early 2011. The album Chief, produced by Jay Joyce, was released July 26, 2011, debuting at No. 1 on both Top Country Albums and the Billboard 200.The album sold 145,000 copies in its first week. On November 30, 2011, Chief was announced as a nominee for the 2012 Grammy Awards for Best Country Album. In January 2012 "Drink in My Hand" became his first No. 1 single. In February 2012, "Springsteen" was released as the third single from Chief. In an interview with American Songwriter, <mask> stated that the song was about "a love affair that takes place in an amphitheater between two people. It didn't happen with Springsteen, ironically, it happened with another artist."The song went on to become a Number One country hit, as well as his first Top 20 single on the Billboard Hot 100. The album's fourth single, "Creepin'", was released to country radio on July 16, 2012. <mask> lent his vocals for a song titled, "The Only Way I Know", with Jason Aldean along Luke Bryan. This song appears on Aldean's album Night Train, from which it was released as the second single. The fifth single from Chief, "Like Jesus Does", was released in January 2013 and peaked at number six on Country Airplay chart in June 2013. In September 2012, <mask> announced that he planned to release his

masks: Church Church Church Church Church


texts:
 first live album in 2013, containing recordings of performances at the Tivoli Theatre in Chattanooga, Tennessee, on October 8 and 9, 2012. On February 8, the live album's title was announced as Caught in the Act, with a release date set for April 9.<mask> has stated he plans to take some time off from music in 2013 to focus on his songwriting and musical direction. At the 2012 CMA Awards in November, <mask>'s album Chief won Album of The Year. In November it was announced that <mask> would co-headline Kenny Chesney's No Shoes Nation Tour alongside Chesney, Zac Brown Band, and Eli Young Band. In December, <mask> was honored as one of the CMT Artists of the Year Awards; his award was presented by Kid Rock and he received a video message of congratulations from Metallica's James Hetfield. 2013–2015: The Outsiders
On October 22, 2013, <mask> released a new single titled "The Outsiders". His fourth studio album, also titled The Outsiders, was released on February 11, 2014. This album, as with <mask>'s previous three, was produced by Jay Joyce and released on the EMI Records Nashville label.It was followed in January 2014 by "Give Me Back My Hometown". This single reached number one on the Country Airplay chart, becoming his fourth overall. The third single, "Cold One", was released in June 2014, followed by "Talladega" in September. The latter reached number one on the Country Airplay chart in February 2015. The fifth single, "Like a Wrecking Ball", was released to country radio on March 9, 2015. 2015–2018: Mr. Misunderstood
On

masks: Church Church Church Eric Church Church


texts: November 3, 2015, <mask>'s new surprise album, Mr. Misunderstood, arrived in the mailboxes of his church choir members. The album became available to the public on iTunes the following day.The album was released as a surprise with no fanfare and no promotional advertisements. It was produced by The Outsiders producer Jay Joyce and executive producer Arturo Buenahora, Jr. The first single, the title track, was released to radio on November 9, 2015. The first live performance and debut of the title track was at the 2015 CMA Awards. The song peaked at #15 on the airplay chart on February 6, 2016. "Record Year" is the album's second single. The album's final track, "Three Year Old", pays tribute to all the lesson's <mask> has learned from his three-year-old son Boone McCoy.Boone McCoy was also credited with naming <mask>'s guitar "ButterBean". <mask> used "ButterBean" for the creation of the album. Mr. Misunderstood was nominated for Album of the Year at the 2016 ACM Awards and the title track was nominated for Video of the Year. Mr. Misunderstood features 10 self-written and co-written tracks and features themes of independence, lessons learned, and loyalty. The album was recorded by Jason Hall at St. Charles in Nashville. In March 2016, "Record Year" was released to radio; it reached #1 on the Country Airplay in August 2016. The album's third single, "Kill a Word" released to country radio on August 29, 2016.<mask> was selected as one of 30 artists to perform on "Forever Country", a mash-up track of Take Me Home, Country Roads, On

masks: Church Eric Eric Church Church


texts:
 the Road Again and I Will Always Love You which celebrates 50 years of the CMA Awards. <mask> played his biggest solo tour to date with his Holdin' My Own Tour that featured 62 shows in 61 cities from January through May 2017. The tour was capped off by two sold-out shows at Nashville, Tennessee's Bridgestone Arena, with the Friday night show breaking the arena's capacity record before being one-upped by the Saturday night show which had a record 19,020 in the building to set the new attendance record. On October 4, 2017, <mask> debuted a song he had written for Sonny Melton, who lost his life at the Las Vegas shooting tragedy. The song, called "Why Not Me", was performed at the Grand Ole Opry in Nashville. In November 2017 <mask> released a limited run vinyl box set titled 61 Days in Church that would be released in monthly stages through 2018. The collection includes 124 tracks all of which were recorded live at the 61 shows of his 2017 Holdin' My Own Tour.The set includes two songs from each concert of the tour with the exception of the final two record-setting Nashville shows, which feature three songs from each night. He had already began releasing the album in stages for free on digital streaming services in September 2017. 2018–2021: Desperate Man
On July 12, 2018, <mask> announced via social media that he would release his sixth album, Desperate Man, on October 5, 2018. He released the album's first single and title track the following day. On November 11, 2020, <mask> won the coveted "Entertainer of the Year" at the 54th


texts:
 Annual Country Music Association Awards. He performed The Star-Spangled Banner alongside Jazmine Sullivan at Super Bowl LV. 2021-present: Heart & Soul
On April 16, 2021, <mask> released the album Heart, followed by the album & on April 20, and Soul on April 23.The triple-album release contains 24 songs in total, including the singles "Stick That in Your Country Song" and "Hell of a View". In October 2021, after two of his bandmates tested positive for COVID-19, <mask> performed two solo concerts on his The Gather Again Tour. The solo shows were in Pittsburgh on October 8 and Philadelphia on October 9. On February 22, 2022, <mask> was announced to perform at the 57th Academy of Country Music Awards on March 7, 2022. Personal life
On January 8, 2008, <mask> married music publisher Katherine Blasingame at West Glow Resort in Blowing Rock, North Carolina. At the wedding, <mask> performed "You Make It Look So Easy", a song he wrote for Blasingame. On October 3, 2011, their first son, Boone McCoy <mask>, was born; he is the subject of <mask>'s song "Three Year Old".On February 15, 2015, their second son, Tennessee Hawkins "Hawk" <mask> was born. Their home (along with <mask>'s "man cave"), located in Nashville, was featured in an episode of CMT's Cribs. The Chief Cares Fund is a foundation organized by <mask> and <mask> in 2013. The non-profit organization has been used to help underprivileged families in Tennessee, North Carolina, and even as far as helping orphans in Nepal receive clothing, proper bedding, and schooling. The

masks:
Church
Church
Church
Church
Church
Church
Church
Church
Church
Eric
Katherine Church


texts:
 foundation has also delivered Bibles to Haiti and helps fund Humane Society no-kill animal shelters. People can donate to the foundation on <mask>'s website by simply donating or by purchasing exclusive Chief Cares Platinum Tickets to his concerts where money from the tickets go to the Chief Cares Fund. <mask> wears his signature aviator sunglasses as a result of wearing contact lenses.When his career was getting started, he was forced to deal with the heat from the stage lights drying out his contacts. As he began performing in larger venues, his aviators and Von Dutch denim trucker hat became his trademark. <mask> has become an avid advocate for the use of cannabis, reflected in songs such as "Smoke a Little Smoke"; at the time of that song's release, <mask>'s record label urged him not to release the song, though it had minor success as a single. <mask> has also referenced marijuana use in other songs like "The Joint" and "I'm Gettin' Stoned", and has even been the subject of a marijuana joke at the 49th ACM Awards where Blake Shelton and Luke Bryan referred to <mask> as the Willie Nelson for the new-country generation and compared <mask>'s dressing room to a cannabis dispensary. Musical styles
<mask>'s style has been described as country rock, outlaw country, and southern rock. <mask>'s influences include Hank Williams Jr., Merle Haggard, Little Feat, The Band, Kris Kristofferson, The Grateful Dead, Ray Wylie Hubbard and Waylon Jennings. <mask> has also said that many hard rock and heavy metal bands influenced his music,

masks:
Eric Church
Church
Church
Church
Church
Eric Church
Eric Church
Church
Church
Church


texts:
<mask> (born <mask>:  3 April 1941) is a retired German politician (CDU) who served as a minister in the last government of East Germany. She built an earlier career as a teacher and educationalist. Life
<mask> was born in Leipzig during the first half of the Second World War. Between 1955 and 1959 she studied at a Teacher Training Institute for non-graduate teachers: between 1959 and 1964 she taught at the Goethe-School in Mügeln, a small town located a short distance to the east of Leipzig. She then  switched to the Pestalozzi School for children with special needs in Leipzig, where she taught from 1964 till 1990. By 1990 sources were describing <mask> as "married with two children". In parallel with her teaching job, between 1972 and 1974 <mask> studied successfully for a degree in Special School Pedagogy ("Sonderschulpädagogik") at the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg.Further study at the same institution led to her Doctorate of Pedagogy in 1980:  her doctoral dissertation concerned handicapped school children. In 1982 she was promoted to the status of "Chief Teacher" ("Oberlehrer") and in 1988 she was promoted again, becoming an Education Councillor ("Studienrat"). Political engagement began in 1973 when, at the age of 32, <mask> <mask> joined the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). The East German CDU lacked the autonomy of its West German counterpart, being a "bloc party" controlled through the country's so-called National Front by the country's ruling Socialist Unity Party ("Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands" / SED). Nevertheless, the East German CDU was not entirely without influence, and was allocated a fixed quota of around 50 seats in the National Parliament ("Volkskammer") even though general elections from 1949 until 1990 always resulted in more than 99% of the reported votes having been cast in support of the single candidate list provided by the ruling party. For <mask> <mask>, between 1979 and 1989 CDU party membership was accompanied by a role as a deputy in the Central Lepizig City Assembly, where she worked on the Commission of Training and Education. {{Quote box|bgcolor=#FFDEAD|align=right|width=45%|

On 9 May 1990 <mask> <mask>

masks:
Christa Schmidt
Christa Weigel
Christa Weigel
Christa Schmidt
Schmidt
Christa
Schmidt
Christa
Schmidt
Christa
Schmidt


texts:
 presented a report to the responsible parliamentary committee on some of her ministerial objectives:

"Although equal rights have been anchored in the constitution since 1949, they are not enforced.We still have a lot to do in order to assign to women the place in our society which is due to them. And this means that family and public life should no longer be based on the subordination principal, but on that of partnership. And here I want to use the word "Partnership" in a comprehensive sense:  partnership in the family must be extended to include partnership in public life and partnership between employers and employees in order to serve the interests of families and of women." "Obwohl seit 1949 die Gleichberechtigung in der Verfassung verankert ist, ist sie nicht durchgesetzt. Wir haben noch eine Menge zu tun, um den Frauen den Platz in unserer Gesellschaft einzuräumen, der ihnen zusteht. Und das bedeutet, das familiale und öfflentiche Leben darf sich nicht mehr nach dem Prinzip der Unterordnung, sondern muß sich nach dem Prinzip  von Partnerschaft gestalten. Und hierbei möchte ich das Wort Partnerschaft durchaus umfassend verstehen:  Partnerschaft in der Familie muß durch Partnerschaft in der Öffentlichkeit und durch Partnerschaft zwischen Arbeitgebern und Arbeitnehmern im Interesse von Familien und Frauen ergänzt werden."}}
In November 1989, following months of mounting street protests, the Berlin Wall was breached by demonstrators. Back in 1953 street protests had been brutally suppressed:  in 1989 the realisation that Soviet occupation forces no longer had orders to suppress the protests using violence opened the way for a series of events which would lead to German reunification, formally in October 1990. In March 1990 the country held its first (and as matters turned out last) free parliamentary election. Based on the popular vote, the CDU now received not 50 seats but 163 of the 400 in the Volkskammer. Following a change in the law that had been voted through in February 1990, voters had no longer been restricted to a single party list, and <mask> <mask>'s name had been on the CDU party list for the Leipzig electoral district, positioned high enough up on the

masks: Christa Schmidt


texts:
 list for her now to be elected to the assembly. The powerful performance of the CDU meant that the task of forming a new East German government fell to the party chairman, Lothar de Maizière. In April <mask> <mask> was appointed as a minister, mandated to head up the newly formed Ministry for Family and Women ("Ministerium für Familie und Frauen").The de Maizière government ended in the context of German reunification on 3 October 1990, when what had been East Germany was incorporated into the German Federal Republic. 144 of the 400 members who had sat as members of the now defunct East German Volkskammer since March 1990 now became members of a newly enlarged Bundestag (upper parliamentary chamber) in the reunified Germany. <mask> <mask> was one of these, remaining a member till the general election in December 1990. She returned to the Bundestag in February 1994, taking the seat vacated through the resignation from the chamber of the CDU member Bertram Wieczorek, who left in order to take on the chairmanship of Berlin's monopoly Water Supply company. <mask> again remained a Bundestag member only till the next general election, which this time took place in October 1994, with the resulting change-over taking place two months later, in December. In 1991 <mask> <mask> resumed her work as an education professional, becoming vice-president of the Upper School Office (Oberschulamt'') in Leipzig. At the same time she served during 1990/91 as chair of the (CDU) Women's Union for Saxony.In 1992 she took on the leadership of the Leipzig Schools appointments department. During 1992/93 she set up in the regional Saxony Culture Ministry a state institute for teachers of special needs and primary schools, herself taking on the role of its head. She continued in this post till her retirement in 2002. References

1941 births
Living people
Politicians from Leipzig
Christian Democratic Union (East Germany) politicians
Christian Democratic Union of Germany politicians
Government ministers of East Germany
Members of the 10th Volkskammer
Members of the Bundestag for Saxony
Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg alumni
Members of the Bundestag for the Christian Democratic Union of

masks: Christa Schmidt Christa Schmidt Schmidt Christa Schmidt


texts:
<mask> (1921–2003), was an American sociologist specializing in deviance and social control, family sociology, sociological theory, French society, and criminology. He is considered one of the leading disciples of Talcott Parsons, dean of American sociologists for much of the 20th century. <mask> is perhaps best known for his contributions to a large textbook on sociology, Theories of Society: Foundations of Modern Sociological Theory, edited by Parsons and published in 1961. He pioneered sociological work on marginality, deviance and conformity. He was interested particularly in criminology and the institutional treatment of mental illness. Raised on both sides of the Atlantic, <mask> felt at home in France as much as in the United States. He created the Franco-American periodical The Tocqueville Review, serving as editor from 1978 to 1991.Early life

<mask> was born in East Palestine, Ohio on June 13, 1921. He was the only child of Howard Earl ("Doc") <mask> (1889–1951), a veterinarian from Marietta, Ohio, who fought in France with the Expeditionary Forces during World War I. Before returning to the States, Doc married Denyse Dinin in Decize. When <mask> (named after Jess Willard, the boxer) was 7, his parents separated and he went to France with his mother. He did not see his father again until a summer vacation in 1937 where he met his numerous cousins in Marietta, Ohio. Pitts developed an early interest in politics in France and, at age 15, joined the communist party and distributed leaflets. At 16, French police turned him back from the Spanish frontier as he sought to join the Spanish Civil War.Harvard and World War II

He returned to the United States in 1938 to attend Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Initially interested in

masks:
Jesse Richard Pitts
Pitts
Pitts
Pitts
Pitts
Jesse


texts:
 economics, he was attracted to sociology by Parsons, who taught at Harvard. Majoring in sociology, with a minor in economics, he graduated magna cum laude in June 1941. At Harvard, Pitts joined the Trotskyites but lost interest in the movement following the fall of Paris to the Nazis in June 1940. He tried to enlist and was placed on a waiting list in Canada but was never called up. After graduation he found a job at Macy's in New York. While he found the job unsatisfying, his roommate Jim Chapin introduced him to Jazz which was thriving in New York City and he truly enjoyed (later he would often start his classes with Miles Davis recordings.)Once the U.S. declared war, he enlisted in the US Air Corps and went into pilot training then sent to England in 1943, to the Base in Kimbolton as part of the 379th Bombardment Group (heavy). As second lieutenant he accomplished 25 missions (including 3 first missions over Berlin) over France and Germany as copilot of a B-17 bomber (H). Back in the U.S. he instructed new pilots, sold war bonds, and was a pilot for the Air Transport Command when he was discharged in October 1945. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross as well as the French Croix de Guerre. He started writing about his experience with the intention to write a book but this would go on hold until he retired from teaching 50 years later. Career

Intending to return to Harvard for his Ph.D. Pitts returned to France and created an import-export company in Casablanca to generate funds required for his academic goal. In May 1947, he married Monique Bonnier, daughter of the late , engineer and hero of the French Resistance.<mask> and Monique were married in the American Cathedral in Paris. <mask> returned to Harvard in the summer of 1948 and by

masks:
Jesse
Jesse Pitts


texts:
 June 1950 was ready to go to France to work on his thesis, with Talcott Parsons as adviser. The stay in France extended to 3 years, as <mask> wrote for Le Monde and lectured. In 1953, Parsons asked <mask> to join him in England to work on the projected book: Theories of Society. co-authored by T. Parsons, Ed. Shils, Kaspar Naegele and <mask><mask>. The book was published in 1961 and became a standard text for Sociology students.<mask> received his Ph.D. in 1958 and began his teaching career in Detroit, Michigan, at Wayne State University, as assistant professor, then as associate professor. In 1964, he left for Oakland University, in Rochester Michigan, where he taught from 1964 to 1986, as full professor and chairman. He taught at the Harvard Summer School in 1971 and 1975. He was twice a Fulbright Fellow. During a long stay in Paris (1966–1968) he was a lecturer at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes (Paris-Sorbonne). While living in Paris he participated in Television broadcasts and wrote newspapers articles. He wrote a book on the 1968 May events in France, but decided against publishing it.A perfectionist, he put aside many works that did not satisfy him. Politically, while Pitts had held left wing views in his youth, he shifted to more conservative opinions. Almost all of his friends and colleagues were liberal intellectuals and solid Democrats (Democratic Party (United States)), but Pitts was never reticent to debate issues, often appearing on talk shows and as a columnist for various publications. The Tocqueville Review

Pitts founded The Tocqueville Review/La Revue Tocqueville in 1978 and was its editor until 1991. The Review is a French-American bilingual journal devoted to the comparative study of social change in the spirit of Alexis de

masks:
Jesse
Pitts
Jesse R
. Pitts
Pitts


texts:
 Tocqueville's pioneer investigations. Pitts recruited many of his colleagues to author essays on current affairs, history, and political philosophy. In 2003, at the memorial event in Charlottesville, Professor Ted Caplow, first president and founder of the Tocqueville Society, defined the review as:"...a proud monument and one that will long honor him."Caplow also said: "...its intellectual standards are exceptionally high and it continues to attract contributions, both in English and French, from major scholars and public figures on both sides of the Atlantic." <mask> was a member of the Tocqueville Jury which awarded the  Prix Alexis de Tocqueville to international scholars. Retirement

In 1986, <mask> retired to Charlottesville. The Department of Sociology at UVA recruited him to teach an occasional course as a lecturer. Fully retiring in 1991, both from teaching and as editor of the Tocqueville Review, he concentrated on writing his war memories and devoted much time with former crewmen of the Penny Ante and other friends from his Bomb Group the 379th. He also joined the Virginia Chapter of the Historical Society (Eighth Air Force) and launched its Newsletter: Plane Talk, and served as editor until 1997. His health declining, Pitts barely finished his Memoirs.He died peacefully on August 2, 2003 and was buried in Charlottesville with military honors. His Memoirs were published in 2004, under the title Return to Base, in hard cover followed by a British paper back edition in 2006. A French translation, Retour sur Kimbolton, was published in Paris in 2006, and a second edition appeared in 2009. Publications
1957: The Bourgeois Family and French Economic Retardation, Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University
1961: Theories of Society: Foundations of

masks: Pitts Jesse


texts:
 Modern Sociological Theory, Two Volumes in One, with Talcott Parsons (Editor), Edward Shils & Kaspar D. Naegele, New York: The Free Press
1963: In Search of France co-authored with Stanley Hoffmann; Cambridge, Harvard University Press
1964: Social Approaches to Mental Patient Care, with Morrie Schwartz S. and Charlotte Green Schwartz; co-authors: Mark G. Field, Elliot G. Mishler, Simon Olshansky, <mask><mask>, <mask> <mask> and Warren T. Vaughan, Jr.: New York and London, Columbia University Press
1972: Strike at Oakland University, Change (February 1972), p. 18. 1980: Talcott Parsons: the sociologist as the last Puritan, American Sociologist, vol. 15, 1980, p. 62 - 64. (This article is based on an earlier address by Pitts, in 1979, to the American Sociological Society.)1986: Celebrating Tocqueville's Democracy in America, 1835–1985, with Olivier Zunz [eds. ]; Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia
2004: Return to Base: Memoirs of a B-17 Co-pilot, Kimbolton, England, 1943-1944 xix, 280 p., 17pp. of plates: ill., maps, Charlottesville, VA: Howell Press, 2004; revised and published in Great Britain, 2006; and published in French as "Retour sur Kimbolton" in France, 2010

External links
Pitts's entry as Fellow of the Camargo Foundation (The article mentioned here was withdrawn by Pitts and never published.) UN SIECLE A DECIZE - the narriage of Pitts's parents, Captain H. E<mask>, American Expeditionary Force, and Dina Dinin, in Decize, France, 1919. American sociologists
Harvard University alumni
1921 births
2003 deaths
Wayne State University faculty
Oakland University faculty
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
People from East Palestine, Ohio
United States Army Air Forces pilots of World War II
United States Army Air

masks:
Jesse R
. Pitts
Rhona
Rapoport
. Pitts


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<mask> is a Vietnamese American computer scientist and product management executive. She has held roles in leadership, engineering, product management, and data science at Google, IBM, the Georgia Tech Research Institute, Harris Healthcare, and served as a founding product and engineering member of the United States Digital Service (USDS) in the Executive Office of the President of the United States at The White House. In 2021, <mask> was named the Deputy Chief Technology Officer of the Federal Trade Commission. <mask> is a Fellow and Faculty member at the Harvard Kennedy School where she created and teaches Product Management and Society. She has held positions as Fellow at Mozilla, Fellow at the Rita Allen Foundation, and Fellow at the Harvard Berkman Klein Center where she co-founded the Ethical Tech Group and was part of the Ethics and Governance of Artificial Intelligence Fellows in partnership with the MIT Media Lab. At Mozilla, <mask> co-leads the Responsible Computer Science Challenge and co-founded the Mozilla Fix the Internet Incubator. <mask> founded Product and Society, which focuses on product management, ethics, and the public interest.Pham has been part of a championship StarCraft II team, and placed 1st the Imagine Cup competition, representing the United States with a sentiment analysis (EmotionAI) engine. Early life and education
<mask>’s parents were Vietnamese boat people, who spent several years in refugee camps before immigrating to the United States. Her brother, United States Marine Corps Captain <mask>, was presented the Purple Heart medal during combat operations in Afghanistan. Pham attended Windsor Forest High School in Savannah, Georgia where she was a member of the volleyball team and graduated as Salutatorian of her graduating class. Pham earned a Bachelor of Science in Computer Science from the Georgia Institute of Technology. She also holds a Master of Science in Computer Science from both the Georgia Institute of Technology and Supélec, specializing in cryptography and human computer interaction. While in university, <mask> was the chair of

masks:
Kathy Pham
Pham
Pham
Pham
Pham
Pham
David Pham
Pham


texts:
 Georgia Tech's Women in Computing, director of technology at Phi Mu Fraternity, researcher in the Bio-Medical Informatics and Bio-Imaging Lab, and founded the southeast chapter of United for Sight.Career
Pham began her career as a software engineer building flights simulation and healthcare interoperability software at the Georgia Tech Research Institute and Harris Healthcare. She then was a consultant and data scientist at IBM who focused on healthcare analytics. There, she also led IBM’s Employee Charitable Contribution Campaign and founded the After Hours Gaming League for StarCraft II with a team that made it to the league gaming finals. At Google, she held roles in product management, technical program management, and data science on Google Health, Google People Operations, and Google Search. She founded Google’s first Business Intelligence Summit, called SELECT*. <mask> left Google in 2014 to join and build the United States Digital Service, where she led and contributed to public services across the Veterans Affairs, Department of Defense, Precision Medicine Initiative, and Cancer Moonshot, spanning engineering, product management, and people operations. Pham was a guest speaker to the White House State of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (SoSTEM), following the State of the Union address in 2015.<mask> was a 2017-2019 Fellow, and now Affiliate, at Harvard University’s Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society, where her research spans technology, policy, healthcare, artificial intelligence, and the social responsibility and ethics of the tech industry. As a member of the 2018 MIT Media Lab and Berkman Klein Center Assembly, <mask>'s work addressed the ethics and governance of Artificial Intelligence with a focus on community involvement and community voices, and she co-founded ai-in-the-loop. <mask> teaches Product Management and Society at the Harvard Kennedy School of government. From 2018 to 2021, at Mozilla, <mask> was a Fellow and Co-Director of the Responsible Computer Science Challenge, where she also co-edited the Teaching Responsible Computing

masks: Pham Pham Pham Pham Pham


texts:
 Playbook along with Atri Rudra. In 2020, <mask> co-founded the Fix the Internet Incubator at Mozilla, supporting 50 teams and start-ups world-wide in the first year. In 2021, <mask> was named Deputy Chief Technology Officer of the Federal Trade Commission. Pham is active with outreach and activism, and has been notable for bringing her infant daughter along for a keynote address prompting the hashtag #LittleKeynoteSpeaker.She works closely with immigrant communities to help navigate government services. <mask> has served as an advisory board member of the Anita Borg Institute and the Make the Breast Pump Not Suck Initiative. <mask> is the founder and executive director of the Cancer Sidekick Foundation and the founder of the Boston Chapter of Women in Product. She coined the term Cancer Patient Sidekick. Honors

 Inducted into the Computing Hall of Fame at the Georgia Institute of Technology (2021)
Inaugural 40 under 40, Georgia Institute of Technology (2020)
Invited to give Commencement Class Day Farewell Lecturer, Harvard Kennedy School (2020)
 Invited to give Commencement Speaker, Harvard University, Extension School (2019)
One of the youngest members to be inducted in the Georgia Tech Greek Hall of Fame. (2017)
First Lady Michelle Obama’s Guest to the 2015 State of the Union
Nguoi Viet’s 40 under 40
First Place, representing the United States in the international Imagine Cup “Olympics for Technology” competition with over 300,000 competitors. Georgia Tech College of Computing’s Most Outstanding Junior
Finalist for the Anita Borg Memorial Scholarship
Salutatorian of Windsor Forest High School graduating class

References

External links
 KathyPham.com
 Profile at USDS.gov

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American women computer scientists
American computer scientists
Artificial intelligence ethicists
Google employees
IBM employees
Berkman Fellows
Executive Office of the President of the United States
Georgia Tech alumni
Harvard Kennedy School faculty
American people of Vietnamese descent
Scientists from Georgia (U.S. state)
21st-century American

masks: Pham Pham Pham Pham


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<mask>, also known as Sindhi Talwai, Anna, Thambi, and Veluswami, was a serial killer active during the mid-1960s. He was labelled by many as Jack the Ripper of India. <mask> went on a killing spree for over three years. The first round of murders took place 1965 and 1966 when 19 people were attacked. Then a second round of killings took place in 1968. He was caught by Maharashtra Police on 27 September. <mask> was spared a death sentence due to mental illness, and was subsequently sentenced to life imprisonment; he died in hospital while in prison custody in 1995.Serial killings
A series of murders occurred on the outskirts of Mumbai in August 1968. Pavement and slum dwellers were bludgeoned to death while they slept. All the murders took place at night and were committed using a hard, blunt object. A similar series of murders had taken place a few years earlier (1965–66) in the Eastern suburbs of Mumbai. In that year, as many as 19 people had been attacked, out of which 9 victims had died. Police suspected <mask> Raghav and arrested him. A homeless man, he had past mentions in the police files, and spent five years in prison for robbery.As no solid evidence could be found against him for the new set of crimes, the police let him go. When the killer struck again in 1968, the police launched a manhunt for him. Ramakant Kulkarni, then the Deputy Commissioner of Police CID (Crime) took over the investigation and spearheaded a massive combing operation in the city. In this attempt, the police were successful in arresting him. In his confession, he admitted that he had murdered 41 people in 1966 along the GIP (Great Indian Peninsular Railway as the Central Railway (India) was then known) line and almost a dozen in 1968 in the suburbs. However, it is likely that he killed many more. There was widespread public anxiety and panic in

masks:
Raman Raghav
Raghav
Raghav
Raman


texts:
 Mumbai.Inhabitants of slums and apartments dreaded sleeping out in the open or with open windows and balconies. Arrest
Sub-inspector of police Alex Fialho recognized <mask> from obtained reports and descriptions from those who had seen him. Fialho searched for him and detained him with the help of two respectable witnesses from the area. He claimed to be <mask> <mask>, but old records disclosed that he had several aliases including "Sindhi Dalwai", "Talwai", "Anna", "Thambi", and "Veluswami". The bush shirt and the khaki shorts that he had been wearing were bloodstained and his shoes were extremely muddy. His fingerprints matched with those on record and confirmed that he was <mask> <mask> alias "Sindhi Dalwai". He was arrested under section 302 Indian Penal Code on charge of murder of two persons; Lalchand Jagannat Yadav and Dular Jaggi Yadav at Chinchawli village, Malad, Greater Bombay.Investigation and trial
The preliminary trial was held in the court of Additional Chief Presidency Magistrate. For a long time, <mask> refused to answer questions. However, he began to answer their questions after the police fulfilled his request for dishes of chicken to eat. He then gave a detailed statement, describing his weapon, and his modus operandi. After this the case was committed to Sessions court, Mumbai. When the trial started in the court of Additional Session Judge, Mumbai on 2 June 1969, the counsel for defense made an application that the accused was incapable of defending himself on account of unsoundness of mind and he also submitted that even at the time of committing the alleged offences the accused was of unsound mind and incapable of knowing the nature of his acts or that they were contrary to the law. Raman confessed to  committing 41 murders.Post his confession, he took the police force on a citywide tour to show the places he

masks: Raghav Raman Raghav Raman Raghav Raghav


texts: operated in and to obtain the rod he had hid in the northern suburbs. The accused was therefore sent to the Police Surgeon, Mumbai, who observed him from 28 June 1969 to 23 July 1969 and opined that,"The accused is neither suffering from psychosis nor mentally retarded. His memory is sound, his intelligence average and [he] is aware of the nature and purpose of his acts. He is able to understand the nature and object of the proceedings against him and [is] not certifiably insane." With this medical opinion, the trial proceeded. The accused pleaded guilty. During the trial a psychiatrist of Nair Hospital, Mumbai was cited as a defence witness.He had interviewed the accused in Arthur Road Prison on 5 August 1969 and gave evidence that the accused was suffering from Chronic paranoid schizophrenia for a long time and was therefore unable to understand that his actions were contrary to law. In defence, it was said, "The accused did commit the act of killing with which he is charged. He knew the nature of the act, viz. killing human beings, but did not know, whether it was wrong or contrary to law". The Additional Sessions Judge, Mumbai, held the accused guilty of the charge of murder and sentenced him to death. Raman declined to appeal. Before confirming the sentence, the High Court of Mumbai ordered that the Surgeon General of Mumbai should constitute a Special Medical Board of three psychiatrists to determine whether the accused was of unsound mind and, secondly, whether in consequence of his unsoundness of mind, he was incapable of making his defence.The members of the Special Medical Board interviewed Raman on five occasions for about two hours each time. In their final interview when they bade him good bye and attempted to shake hands with him, he refused to do so saying that he was a representative of  'Kanoon'  (Law) who would not


texts:
 touch people belonging to this wicked world. The examination report was as follows:"Details about childhood history are not available. No reliable history about mental Illness in his family is obtainable. According to the data available, He was always in the habit of stealing ever since he was a child. He hardly had any school education. He was known to be reclusive.Since his return from Pune in 1968 he had been living in jungles outside the suburbs of Mumbai." "X-rays of skull, routine blood examination, serological tests for syphilis, cerebrospinal fluid examination including tests for syphilis, urine and stool examination and EEG examination were non contributory. He was of average intelligence and there is no organic disease to account for his mental condition." "Throughout the five interviews he showed ideas of reference and fixed and systematized delusions of persecution and grandeur. The delusions which the accused experienced were as follows:
 That there are two distinct worlds; the world of 'Kanoon' and this world in which he lived. A fixed and unshakable belief that people were trying to change his sex, but that they are not successful, because he was a representative of 'Kanoon'. A fixed and unshakable belief that he is a power or 'Shakti'.A firm belief that other people are trying to put homosexual temptations in his way so that he may succumb and get converted to a woman. That homosexual intercourse would convert him into a woman. That he was "101 percent man". He kept on repeating this. A belief that the government brought him to Mumbai to commit thefts and made him commit criminal acts. An unshakable belief that there are three governments in the country - the Akbar Government, the British Government, and the Congress Government and that these Governments are trying to persecute him and put temptations before him." The


texts:
 final verdict

<mask>'s sentence was reduced to life imprisonment because he was found to be incurably mentally ill.He was lodged at Yerwada Central Jail, Pune, and was under treatment at the Central Institute of Mental Health and Research. When a panel of doctors who examined him at the directive of the High Court found that he would never be cured, the High Court reduced his sentence to life imprisonment in its judgement of 4 August 1987. A few years later, in 1995, <mask> died at Sassoon Hospital. He had been suffering from kidney failure. In popular culture
 Director Sriram <mask> directed a 70-minute feature film on Raghav titled Raman Raghav - A City, A Killer, starring Raghuvir Yadav as the killer. The 1978 Tamil film Sigappu Rojakkal was reportedly loosely based on Raghav. Raman Raghav 2.0 , a Bollywood film, is about a fictional serial killer who cites <mask> <mask> as his inspiration, directed by Anurag Kashyap and starring Nawazuddin Siddiqui in the titular role.It premiered at the 2016 Cannes Directors' Fortnight and released worldwide on 24 June 2016. He was also mentioned in an episode of the true crime podcast titled Khooni: The Crimes of India. See also
Auto Shankar
Charles Shobraj
Noida serial murders
Stoneman
List of serial killers by country
List of serial killers by number of victims

References

Sources
 Ramakant Kulkarni, Footprints on the Sands of Crime, MacMillan India (2004);

1929 births
1995 deaths
Criminals from Mumbai
Date of birth missing
Date of death missing
Deaths from kidney failure
Indian people convicted of murder
Indian people who died in prison custody
Indian prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
Indian serial killers
Male serial killers
People convicted of murder by India
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by India
Prisoners who died in Indian detention
Serial killers who died in

masks: Raghav Raghav Raghavan Raman Raghav


texts:
<mask> (25 May 1873 – 12 March 1945) was an Austrian architect, regarded as one of the leading exponents of Vienna's Secessionist architecture. After practicing with established architects in Vienna, in 1899 Hegele debuted with a plan for the renovation of the city's Central Cemetery in which he applied the principles of Vienna Secession. His most famous work, the St. Charles Borromeo Cemetery Church, was developed within this project and is regarded as an example of Art Nouveau church. In the subsequent years he continued to work in Vienna and Lower Austria, sometimes incorporating historicist elements in his style. From the 1910s he concentrated mostly on residential buildings and in his later years he moved towards a simpler style. A prolific architect, Hegele produced a great number of designs, among them: churches, museums, private houses, bridges and monuments; but many remained on paper. Life and career

Early life and education
<mask> was born in Vienna on 12 March 1873, the son of <mask>, a goldsmith, and <mask>.From 1889 he studied at the State Trade School of Civil Engineering, where he attended the Building of Constructions course, graduating in 1893. He subsequently enrolled in Vienna's Academy of Fine Arts (Akademie der bildenden Künste Wien) where, between 1893 and 1896, he specialised in architecture under Victor Luntz and Karl von Hasenauer. After having successfully completed his studies there, as a gifted student he earned the prestigious "Prix de Rome", a scholarship that allowed him to study for a year in Italy. Back in Vienna, the following year he

masks:
Maximilian Hegele
Maximilian Hegele
Karl Hegele
Maria Hegele


texts:
 practiced with several architectural firms, among them Franz von Neumann, a prominent historicist, and the brothers Anton and Josef Drexler, who at the time were moving from historicism towards Secessionstil. In 1899 he became member of the architects association "Wiener Bauhütte" and participated at the competition for redesigning Vienna's Central Cemetery. In 1900 he was announced as the winner of the first prize and, after having revised and adapted his plans, he received the opportunity bring his project to life. Among the jury members sat Otto Wagner, one of the pioneers of Viennese Art Nouveau architecture, whose work had played a great influence on the young Hegele.Vienna's Central Cemetery (1903‒1911)

The cemetery halls
The commission for the Central Cemetery's redevelopment was a turning point in Hegele's life and career. The plan consisted of a monumental entrance, two funerary halls and the central church, all designed in the Secession style. Work lasted from 1903 to 1911 and proceeded in stages. The first buildings to be finished were the two funerary pavilions (Aufbahrungshallen) on both sides of the Cemetery path, which were completed in 1905. The pavilion 1 today is still used for ceremonies, while the pavilion 2 now hosts the Funerary Museum (Bestattungsmuseum) The two halls show similarities as both are shallow buildings, with a central tower covered by a pyramidal copper roof. They are white on the exterior with geometric decorations. Each entrance is surmounted by anornamental arch with a clock placed at its center.The main hall of the first pavilion is


texts:
 lavishly decorated, with metallic chandeliers and matching sconces on the walls. A huge mosaic behind the altar stands out from the white interiors. The cemetery gate
Next came the main entrance or 2nd Gate (2° Tor), built in 1905‒1906. It stands out for its high secessionist obelisks; at the base of each, facing the street, is a couple of statues holding Vienna's coat of arms. Each figure has a funerary symbol in its hand: a skull, meaning death, an hourglass, for time passing, a laurel wreath, symbolising immortality, and a palm branch, representing resurrection. On both sides of the gate is placed a relief: the one on the left (Christ receives the Dead) was realised by Georg Leisek, the other one on the right (People at the Gate for a Place of no Return) is the work of Carl Anselm Zinsler. At the back of the obelisks are two inscriptions reading "Erected during the reign of Franz Josef" and "Built under mayor Karl Lueger".The already existing administrative buildings on each side of the gate were also remodeled to harmonize with its style. The central Cemetery Church

The St. Charles Borromeo Cemetery Church (Friedhofskirche zum heiligen Karl Borromäus) is considered to be <mask>'s masterpiece and it is probably the most renowned work by him. It is regarded as well as one of the best examples of Secessionist Church, along with Wagner's St. Leopold Church. Hegele's project for the church was already well defined in 1899, though it needed some improvement, but construction did not start until eight years later. Groundbreaking took place on 11 May 1908, with Vienna's Mayor


texts: Karl Lueger laying the first stone, and the building was ultimated in October 1910, opening the following year. Lueger, who had died in the meantime, was buried in the crypt; for this reason the church is sometimes referred to as "Dr. Karl Lueger's Memorial Church" (Luegerkirche). The church is an imposing building, reaching the height of 58.5 meters and occupying an area of 2231 square meters.Hegele was probably influenced by the historical architecture of Vienna since he chose an elliptical plan, typical of the city's baroque churches, and the structure is reminiscent of the Karlskirche (also dedicated to St. Charles Borromeo). The exterior is painted white and richly decorated with geometric patterns. Two towers topped with a pyramidal roof flank the entrance while two higher belltowers are placed at the back of the church. An impressive copper dome (its diameter being of 22.7 meters for a height of 39) dominates the whole structure. Hegele designed the interiors as well, collaborating with several decorative artists: sculptors Georg Leisek and Hans Rathausky provided reliefs for the lobby, stained glass windows and mosaics were created by Leopold Forstner and artworks by Anton Kaan, Franz Klug, Karl Philipp and Adolf Pohl enrich the main altar; a Last Judgement was painted by Hans Zatzka in the lunette above it. Lamps, chandeliers, and wall ornaments are notable examples of secessionist metalwork. The ceiling of the dome is painted blue, dotted with golgen stars and with stylized rays all around the oculus.Two curving colonnades embrace the square in front of the entrance,


texts:
 visually extending the wings of arcades on both sides of the church. Those colonnades, erected between 1906 and 1907, host a columbarium and other graves. The Parish Church of Pressbaum (1906‒1908)
Hegele's project for Vienna's Cemetery took eight years to be completed and in the meantime he produced several other designs; among them is that for the Parish Church of Pressbaum (Pfarrkirche Pressbaum), the only known example of secessionist church in Lower Austria. The building was meant to replace the old baroque church of Pressbaum and <mask> and his assistant August Rehak were appointed to ideate it. After an initial neo-baroque design, they came up with the definitive concept. Construction started in 1906 (Franz Josef attended the laying of the first stone) and ended in 1908, when the church was dedicated as the Kaiser Franz Josef Jubilee Church, in occasion of the Emperors 60th year of reign. The structure is a remarkable example of secessionist architecture blended with Austrian traditional architecture.The layout is substantially traditional, with a longitudinal nave and a high steeple on the left of the facade, but Hegele's Secessionstil emerges in multiple aspects: the metallic geometric ornamentation that appears both inside and outside, the disposition of elements on the facade, the Art Nouveau furniture (wooden pews, confessionals and wrought iron chandeliers) and the way the tower adjoins its pointed roof, recalling Hegele's previous creations. Medieval and neo-gothic features are also present such as pointed arches and neo-medieval stained glass windows. The


texts:
 Hadersdorf-Weidlingau Cemetery Chapel (1908‒1909)
The year 1908 was a crucial one for Hegele's career: now a member of the Central Association of Austrian Architects, he presided over the Wiener Bauhütte's Exhibition Committee of Architects, joined the Austrian Society for Christian Art and was appointed professor of structural engineering at the State Trade School of Vienna, his alma mater, a position he would keep for many years. In 1907 the municipal committee of Hadersdorf-Weidlingau decided to have a chapel for services built in the town cemetery. The chapel had to be funded by private donations and the then mayor Eduard Herzmansky contributed a significant sum for it. A special committee was formed and <mask> was selected to design the new building. Work started in 1908 and ended the following year, with the chapel being opened on 31 October 1909.Like in previous occasions, Hegele applied the Secessionstil principles to the building, combining architecture with applied arts. The chapel is cross-shaped, white on the outside, with a copper gable roof culminating in a belltower. A wide semicircular window characterizes the facade. External ornamentation is purely geometric, except for an elaborate crucifix at the top of the back wall. Murals with stylised angels and friezes of vegetal motifs embellish the interiors, while stained glass windows contribute to the lighting. Two family tombs are hosted within the chapel: the one of Eduard Herzmansky, again designed by Hegele in 1909‒1910, and the one  of Jean Herzmansky, created by sculptor Theodor Khuen in 1912. Other public


texts:
 commissions
Hegele designed several public buildings in his career, mostly in the years between 1904 and 1911.The March Dam Chapel (Marchdammkapelle) was built in Engelhartstetten, Lower Austria, from 1904 to 1906, and dedicated to St. Florian in the presence of the Emperor. It was meant to celebrate the completion of the Marchfeld Dam, after forty years of works. The chapel, a collaboration with August Rehak, is a historicist stone building where the Secessionstil influence appears only in some details, in particular the entrance. Hegele's Fillgraderstiege is a staircase completed in 1905‒1907 in the Mariahilf district of Vienna, raccording the streets of Fillgradergasse and Theobaldgasse, on different levels. Built in the Secessionist style, with stone and cast iron, in 2004 the staircase was named the fourth most beautiful of Europe in a contest. In 1908 Austrian industrialist Arthur Krupp hired <mask> and Baurat Hans Peschl as architects for two school buildings in Berndorf. The schools' exterior display a historicist palace-like design (hence the name Schulpalästen, "School Palaces") while inside each classroom was decorated in a different historical style, from Doric to Empire, by academic painters Franz Wilhelm Ladewig and Robert Jüttner following Krupp's original idea.In the same year, Hegele collaborated once again with Rehak for the Flözersteig Bridge, that links Vienna's 14th and 16th districts. The bridge is an example of functional structure within the Vienna Secession aestethics. His monument to polish pianist Theodor Leschetizky, in Türkenschanzpark (18th


texts:
 district), was completed in 1911; it consists of a curving wall with a bench. A medallion with a relief by sculptor Hugo Taglang depicts the musician. From this projects and considering also the ones that were not realized, it appears more clearly that, despite being regarded primarily as a secessionist architect, Hegele's style was nonetheless deeply rooted in historicism and even ancient rural English churches may have had some influence on his style. Residential buildings and war years

In 1906‒1907 <mask> and Rehak conceived and built an apartment block in Breitenseer Straße, Vienna. This four storey building is characterised by a picturesque corner turret with pointed roof and the presence of both geometric and floral ornamentation.Hegele carefully studied every single detail, even the chimneys. The influence of the Vienna Secession appears from the roof as well, where the architects made use of metal and glass to shape the attic. Except for this early example, it was in the 1910s that Hegele's activity in the field of residential architecture intensified. In 1912 he completed three adjacent apartment buildings in Wiesbergaße, Vienna. The facades were designed to raccord with each other, giving the impression of one single block. Decoration is simple and its disposition differentiate one section from the other; as usual Hegele paid much attention to details, in particular the entrances. Other two buildings were erected in 1914 in Kriemhildplatz, at the corners with Markgraf-Rüdiger Straße, opposing each other and designed to look symmetrical.Fluted lesenes with


texts:
 secessionist capitals adorn the ground floor, while gables and simple stucco decorations in the upper floors enrich the otherwise strikingly plain facades. This stripped down appearance reflects a general trend of viennese architecture: in the 1910s many architects tended to move towards simpler designs with little ornament and occasionally austere stone facades (Otto Wagner himself went down this path). During the First World War <mask> temporarily stopped his teaching activity as he was appointed director of works for the Imperial Military Academy, with the rank of lieutenant. The war halted the construction of his Aspern Bridge (Aspernbrücke), in central Vienna, which had started in 1913. Ironworkers had to serve in arms factories to sustain the war effort and, even after the end of the conflict, a lack of coal (needed for the concrete production) further delayed the resumption of work. The Aspernbrücke, a tied arch bridge, was finally opened on 1 December 1919, but was not actually complete until 1922. Unfortunately, it was destroyed in 1945 during the Second World War, when the German Army mined it.Later years
After the war, the Austro-Hungarian Empire disintegrated and a republic was proclaimed. Secessionstil was over and out of style in Red Vienna; given the lack of commissions in the capital, Hegele worked mainly in Lower Austria. One of the major projects he realized in this period is St. Pölten's Regional Health Insurance building (in collaboration with Florian Prantl), designed in 1925‒1926 in an architectural style typical of interwar Austria: elementary