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<mask>  (October 17, 1736 – November 15, 1809) was an American military and political leader during the American Revolutionary War and early days of the United States. Early life

<mask> was born in Marbletown, New York, the son of <mask> and Hester (Wyngart) <mask>. <mask>'s father moved his family to what is now East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, in 1737. Life in the frontier settlement was difficult, as Native American bands, mostly Lenape and Susquehannock, resisted settlers' encroachment. The Brodhead homestead was attacked by natives numerous times during <mask>'s youth. When his father died in 1755, <mask> was left with 150 acres from the estate. He sold his land share to brother Garret.This became the residence of the Flory family for many years at 81 North Courtland Street, the oldest home in East Stroudsburg. The home is now privately owned and renovated by Joel Smith. Marriage and family
<mask> married Elizabeth Dupui of Northampton County in April 1756. To this union was born one child, Ann Garton <mask>. Upon the death of his first wife Elizabeth, he was married to Rebecca Mifflin the widow of Samuel Mifflin. Samuel's brother Thomas Mifflin was the first Governor of Pennsylvania. To this union was born two sons, <mask> and <mask>.Career and activities
<mask> had a relatively unremarkable career before the American Revolutionary War. He farmed, ran a grist mill, and worked as a deputy surveyor for Pennsylvania. In the years leading up to the outbreak of hostilities, <mask> began to take part in the protest movements against British taxation. In 1774, <mask> was elected to represent Bucks County at a provincial meeting held in Philadelphia on July 15, 1774. American Revolution
In 1776 as war broke out, <mask> was commissioned as an officer of the Pennsylvania State Rifle Regiment with the rank of lieutenant colonel. His first action came at the Battle of Long Island, where he was recognized by George

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Daniel Brodhead
Brodhead
Daniel Brodhead II
Brodhead
Brodhead
Daniel
Brodhead
Brodhead
Brodhead
Charles Brodhead
Richard Brodhead
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texts: Washington for his bravery and initiative. At the battle, <mask>'s only son, also named <mask>, was wounded and captured.He was later exchanged in 1778, and retired as a Captain in 1779 from the 3rd Pennsylvania Regiment. After the Battle of Long Island, Broadhead became the acting commander of the remnants of the Pennsylvania State Rifle Regiment and the Pennsylvania State Battalion of Musketry, which were consolidated into a single battalion, the Pennsylvania State Regiment, and would later become the 13th Pennsylvania Regiment. <mask> took over command of the 8th Pennsylvania Regiment after the death of its commander, Aeneas Mackay, early in 1777 and was promoted to colonel. <mask> led his troops during the Philadelphia Campaign in 1777 and wintered with the Continental Army at Valley Forge in 1777–78. “On the 5th of March, 1778, the regiment was ordered to Pittsburgh for the defense of the western frontiers, and by directions of Gen. Lachlan McIntosh, Col. <mask> made, about the 12th of July, a detour up the West Branch to check the Indians who were ravaging Wyoming and the West Branch valley. He was at Muncy, on the 24th of July, and had ordered Capt. Finley’s company into Penn's valley, where two of the latter’s soldiers, Thomas Van Doren and Jacob Shedacre, who had participated in the campaign against Burgoyne, were killed, on the 24th, in sight of Potter's Fort, by the Indians.Soon after, Col. Hartley with his regiment relieved Col. <mask>, and he proceeded with the 8th to Pittsburgh”. (Several histories incorrectly state that Washington sent <mask> and the 8th Pennsylvania to rebuild and re-garrison the frontier outpost of Fort Muncy. However, in addition to the above information from the Pennsylvania Archives, the Orderly Book of the 8th Pennsylvania Regt and the Muster Rolls at Fort Pitt 1778 show that <mask> led the 8th Pennsylvania regiment to Fort Pitt in the summer of 1778.) <mask> commanded the

masks: Brodhead Daniel Brodhead Brodhead Brodhead Brodhead Brodhead Brodhead Brodhead


texts: 8th Pennsylvania in Brig. Gen. Lachlan McIntosh's failed attempt to capture the British stronghold of Fort Detroit. On March 5, 1779, <mask> replaced McIntosh as commander of the Western Department. His command included frontier forts such as Fort Pitt (Pittsburgh), Fort McIntosh (Beaver, Pennsylvania), Fort Laurens (near Bolivar, Ohio), Fort Henry (Virginia) (Wheeling, West Virginia), Fort Armstrong (near Kittanning, Pennsylvania), and Fort Holliday's Cove, along with dozens of lesser outposts.The Wyandot, Mingo, Shawnee, and Lenape allied with the British and regularly raided settlements on the Ohio Country frontier. The British were strong at Fort Detroit and other outposts, and had most of the Iroquois Confederacy as allies. In addition, <mask> faced a tenuous alliance with Iroquois tribes such as the Oneida who supported the Patriot cause as allies, a large population of Tory-sympathizing settlers, and a delicate truce with the powerful Lenape-Delaware tribe. Its friendly chief had signed a treaty with the US as an ally. From his headquarters at Fort Pitt, <mask> directed numerous raids against hostile native tribes, often leading the expeditions personally. His most famous raid came against the Seneca tribe of the Iroquois Confederacy between August 11 and September 14, 1779. <mask> left Fort Pitt with a contingent of 605 soldiers and militia to go into northwestern Pennsylvania.He followed the Allegheny River up into New York, where he drove the Seneca out of their villages. As most of the warriors were away fighting the Sullivan Expedition further east in New York, <mask> met little resistance in destroying the villages, crops and people at the heart of the Seneca nation. In April 1781, <mask> led a successful expedition against the Lenape bands around the Muskingum River in the Ohio Country. In 1781, some of the Lenape-Delaware ended their neutrality and sided with the British. In retaliation, <mask>

masks: Brodhead Brodhead Brodhead Brodhead Brodhead Brodhead Brodhead


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 mounted the Coshocton Expedition, invading their territory in central Ohio and destroying the main village of Coshocton in what is now east-central Ohio. As a result of <mask>'s campaign, the Delaware fled from eastern Ohio. They also vowed vengeance.He retained command of the Western Department until September 17, 1781, when he was replaced by John Gibson. He had turned over command in May 1781, but returned in August and tried to regain control from Gibson, in the process arresting Gibson. However George Washington sent orders which led to <mask>'s permanent removal from command at Fort Pitt. <mask> was removed from his command over allegations of mishandling supplies and money. <mask> had made impressment (the forced sale of supplies) a policy. He had spent money intended for bonuses to recruit new militiamen to purchase supplies for his existing troops. <mask> was acquitted of all charges except misspending the recruiting money.George Washington had been aware of the impressment and had given his tacit approval, as the Continental Army was struggling to keep going. Furthermore, the court martial ruled <mask> justified in spending the recruiting money on supplies, and he was not punished. A short time later, George Washington brevetted him a brigadier general. <mask> spent the remainder of the war as commander of the 1st Pennsylvania Regiment. Later life
After the war, <mask>, by then a widower, married Rebecca Mifflin, the widow of General Samuel Mifflin. <mask> was one of the founders of the Society of the Cincinnati. He later served in the Pennsylvania General Assembly.On November 13, 1789, he was appointed Surveyor General of Pennsylvania and held the post for the next eleven years. He died at Milford, Pennsylvania, and was buried in the Milford Cemetery. References

1736 births
1809 deaths
People from Marbletown, New York
American surveyors
Continental Army generals
Continental Army officers from

masks: Brodhead Brodhead Brodhead Brodhead Brodhead Brodhead Brodhead Brodhead Brodhead


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<mask> (June 1, 1943 – June 26, 2021) was an American television and film director, writer, and producer who was best known as the creator and executive producer of the television show Cops, which premiered on Fox in March 1989. Prior to that, he was among the reality television pioneers as a producer of various two-hour event specials in syndicated television markets during the 1980s. In fact, <mask> was often credited as being the "Godfather of Reality Television" with the appearance of Cops in 1989. Biography

<mask> was born in Oklahoma City, but moved to Los Angeles as a small child. He was the son of Lurleen (Fox), a homemaker, and <mask>, an oil wildcatter. <mask> was a Morse code intercept operator in the Army Security Agency, an intelligence unit of the United States Army from 1961 to 1963, in Panama. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in English from California State University, Dominguez Hills in 1971, and later a Master's degree in literature and composition.<mask> briefly participated in the doctorate of philosophy program in University of California, Irvine. On December 2, 1986, <mask> made his entrance into the world of reality television when a show which he produced, American Vice: The Doping of a Nation, showed three live drug arrests on primetime television for the first time. In order to make the show <mask> had convinced officials of the Broward County, Florida Sheriff's Department to allow cameras to accompany them on a previously-scheduled drug bust. The success of the show proved to be the grand inspiration for <mask>'s signature work. Cops
In 1988, <mask> with Malcolm Barbour serving as his production partner, formed Barbour/Langley Productions. He first produced Who Murdered JFK in collaboration with Saban Productions in 1988. <mask>'s most notable achievement perhaps is the innovation of the cinéma vérité signature style of the award-winning Cops television program, which notably

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John Russell Langley
Langley
Personal Langley
John Russell Langley
Langley
Langley
Langley
Langley
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 influenced TV advertising and news reporting, not to mention other network and syndicated programming.<mask> recalled that the Cops concept was initially difficult to sell to television network executives, and that all were "very negative" to his fundamental idea. He was finally able to win a meeting with Barry Diller, then head of Fox to explain his concept, he recalled in a 2013 interview:

'You've gotta have a narrator,' Diller said. And I said no. 'Whattayamean no?' Diller said. And I said that defies the whole purpose of doing it the way I'm talking about doing it. 'All right then,' Diller said.'You gotta do some reenactments.' And I said no. 'Whattayamean no?' And I kept doing this with him because my feeling was I'm not gonna sell out my idea anymore. To hell with 'em all. Ultimately a pilot episode was ordered, which garnered mixed reviews among Fox executives owing to the overly graphic nature of a murder scene which was featured. After viewing the pilot, the network's executives, along with News Corporation chairman Rupert Murdoch, began to debate the future of the show with <mask> in attendance.<mask> later recalled:

And this guy came in the room and sat in the corner. He looked like an accountant. [After further debate] the guy in the corner says, 'Order four of them. Try four [episodes].' And I look over and Diller says, 'Ah, you hush, I'm talking right now.' And I thought, 'Well, who's that guy, the accountant?' Well, obviously, it turned out that he wasn't the accountant.It was Rupert Murdoch, but [in those days] nobody knew who Rupert Murdoch was or what he looked like. Cops was cancelled by Fox in 2013, and was picked up by what was then Spike, which was now the Paramount Network. The show aired its 32nd season on Paramount Network while continuing its national run on syndicated and cable TV, thus becoming one of the longest running reality series in television history. The show has broken

masks: Langley Langley Langley


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 records for primetime network television with over 1000 episodes aired (as of 2017). In June 2020, Paramount Network pulled the program from its schedule in response to national protests against the murder of George Floyd while being arrested by officers of the Minneapolis Police Department, and announced its cancellation days later. The program's last episode on the network aired on May 11, 2020. Production recommenced in September of that year for international markets, and in September 2021, it was announced that Fox Nation picked up the show, with the 33rd season premiering on October 1, 2021.In 1992, Barbour/Langley Productions moved to a new location in Orlando, Florida. Barbour retired in 1994 and the production company became simply Langley Productions. Other work
Among <mask>'s credits are Who Murdered JFK, an examination of the <mask>. Kennedy assassination; and Terrorism: Target U.S.A. (1989), an early warning of the coming problems with terrorism in the United States as well as across the world. <mask>'s credits also include various network, cable and syndicated TV shows, including the television series Code 3, Anatomy of Crime, Video Justice, and Cop Files. He also produced various independent films and directed film and documentary film, including the Dolph Lundgren workout video Maximum Potential, Dogwatch, Tiptoes and Wildside. <mask> also produced a television series called Inside American Jail for TruTV with his son Morgan. In an innovative move, the show was also sold to and airs as Jail on MyNetworkTV.Jail is also an unscripted series following corrections officers as they process suspects through city and county jails. <mask> is credited as co-creator of the new series, which incorporates the video verite style of Cops. Father and son then produced Las Vegas Jailhouse as yet another examination of crime and the justice system in America. <mask> was a producer of Antoine Fuqua's Brooklyn's

masks:
Langley
John F
Langley
Langley
Morgan Langley
Langley


texts:
 Finest, which was screened at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2009. During the 2010/2011 television season, <mask> was also responsible for the following series running concurrently: Cops, Jail, Las Vegas Jailhouse, Street Patrol and Vegas Strip. More recent TV shows include Road Warriors on Spike. <mask> also produced Undercover Stings for Spike.<mask> also started his own off-road race team known as COPS racing team. <mask> was active in Southern Nevada Off Road Enthusiasts and SCORE International. He won the 2017 Baja 1000 in the Spec Trophy Truck class. Death
<mask> died of a heart attack on June 26, 2021, at the age of 78, while competing in the coast-to-coast Ensenada to San Felipe 250 off-road race in Baja California, Mexico. Awards
<mask> won various awards for the Cops television series, including the American Television Award and four Emmy Award nominations. Other awards include the Cine Golden Eagle and Houston International Film Festival winner for the documentary Cocaine Blues. His DVDs, moreover, have won various awards for greatest sales records in the mid 1990s when he founded Real Entertainment and pioneered the reality DVD market with VHS releases of multiple reality titles like Cops: Too Hot for TV and The Amazing Video Collection.The term Too Hot for TV was coined and trademarked by <mask> during this period and was used in marketing until he sold the company. Hollywood Walk of Fame
<mask> was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in February 2011 for his contributions to television. References

External links

Like the 10 O’Clock News, ‘Cops’ Endures — New York Times article
Full video interview with <mask> from the Archive of American Television

1943 births
2021 deaths
American television directors
Television producers from California
California State University, Dominguez Hills alumni
Writers from Oklahoma City
United States Army soldiers
University of California, Irvine

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Langley
Langley
Langley
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John Langley


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<mask> (September 28, 1934 – February 15, 2012) was a colonel in the United States Marine Corps. He was awarded the Navy Cross for extraordinary heroism in the Vietnam War. He also served as the Commandant of Cadets at Virginia Military Institute (VMI) from 1989 to 1990. Biography
<mask> was born <mask> in  Saint John New Brunswick, Canada on September 28, 1934, to <mask> (1894–1972) and <mask> (1902–1990). His mother remarried <mask>(1893-1972) on May 5, 1945, in Henrico Co., Virginia and his surname was changed to <mask>. He was raised in Panama and Gloucester County, Virginia, graduating from Christchurch School in Middlesex County, Virginia in 1953. He attended Yale University 1953–54, then enlisted in the USMC, and later graduated from Virginia Military Institute in 1961 and was an initiate of the Beta Commission of Kappa Alpha Order.In that same year, Colonel <mask> married Virginia McCandlish Puller, daughter of Lieutenant General Lewis Burwell "Chesty" Puller in September 1961. U.S. Marine Corps
He enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) in 1954. He was discharged with the rank of sergeant and enlisted in the Marine Corps Reserve (USMCR) in 1957. He attended Virginia Military Institute (VMI), graduating in 1961. He was commissioned in the Marine Corps in 1960. He was married to Virginia McCandlish Puller in September 1961. She was the daughter of the legendary Marine Corps general, Lewis Burwell "Chesty" Puller.Vietnam
<mask> served two tours of duty in South Vietnam (RVN) during the Vietnam War. On his first tour from 1967 to 1968, he was in command of India Company, 3rd Battalion, 26th Marines, stationed on Hill 881 South

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William Howard Dabney
Dabney
as William Wagner
Victor William Wagner
Mary Hennessey Wagner
Hugh Keane Dabney
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Dabney
Dabney


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 during the Battle of Khe Sanh. <mask> was awarded the Silver Star for action on January 20, 1968, on Hill 881 South. In 2005, <mask> was awarded the Navy Cross for his actions on Hill 881 South from January 21 to April 14, 1968. He also received a Bronze Star Medal and a Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross for actions during that same time period. On his second tour from 1970 to 1971, he was a senior adviser for a Vietnamese Marine infantry battalion, Khe Sanh, South Vietnam. <mask> was awarded a second Bronze Star, two Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medals, a Purple Heart Medal, and a second RVN Gallantry Cross.Post-Vietnam
He received the Defense Meritorious Service Medal during his service as Chief of the Combat Operations Center, National Emergency Airborne Command Post, Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska, 1980–1981. He received the Legion of Merit while serving as Commanding Officer, Headquarters Battalion, Headquarters, Marine Corps, Henderson Hall, 1984–1987. He also served as the Commandant of Cadets at Virginia Military Institute from 1989 to 1990 and was the Commanding Officer of VMI's NROTC Unit from 1987 to 1990. <mask> retired June 30, 1990. <mask> died February 15, 2012, at his home in Lexington, Virginia. Decorations and awards
Colonel <mask>'s military awards include:

Navy Cross citation

The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Navy Cross to Colonel [then Captain] <mask><mask> (MCSN: 0-80399), United States Marine Corps, for extraordinary heroism while serving as Commanding Officer of two heavily reinforced rifle companies of the Third Battalion, Twenty-Sixth Marines, THIRD

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Dabney
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Death Dabney
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William H
. Dabney


texts: Marine Division (Reinforced), Fleet Marine Force, in connection with operations against the enemy in the Republic of Vietnam from 21 January to 14 April 1968. During the entire period, Colonel <mask>'s force stubbornly defended Hill 881S, a regional outpost vital to the defense of the Khe Sanh Combat Base.Following his bold spoiling attack on 20 January 1968, shattering a much larger North Vietnamese Army (NVA) force deploying to attack Hill 881S, Colonel <mask>'s force was surrounded and cut off from all outside ground supply for the entire 77 day Siege of Khe Sanh. Enemy snipers, machine guns, artillery, and 120-millimeter mortars responded to any daylight movement on his position. In spite of deep entrenchments, his total casualties during the siege were close to 100 percent. Helicopters were his only source of resupply, and each such mission brought down a cauldron of fire on his landing zones. On numerous occasions Colonel <mask> raced into the landing zone under heavy hostile fire to direct debarkation of personnel and to carry wounded Marines to evacuation helicopters. The extreme difficulty of resupply resulted in conditions of hardship and deprivation seldom experienced by American forces. Nevertheless, Colonel <mask>'s indomitable spirit was truly an inspiration to his troops.He organized his defenses with masterful skill and his preplanned fires shattered every enemy probe on his positions. He also devised an early warning system whereby NVA artillery and rocket firings from the west were immediately reported by lookouts to the Khe Sanh Combat Base, giving exposed personnel a few life saving seconds to take cover, saving

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texts:
 countless lives, and facilitating the targeting of enemy firing positions. Colonel <mask> repeatedly set an incredible example of calm courage under fire, gallantly exposing himself at the center of every action without concern for his own safety. Colonel <mask> contributed decisively to ultimate victory in the Battle of Khe Sanh, and ranks among the most heroic stands of any American force in history. By his valiant combat leadership, exceptional bravery, and selfless devotion to duty, Colonel <mask> reflected great credit upon himself and upheld the highest traditions of the Marine Corps and the United States Naval Service. Silver Star citation

The President of the United States of America takes pleasure in presenting the Silver Star to Captain <mask><mask> (MCSN: 0-80399), United States Marine Corps, for conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action while serving as Commanding Officer of Company I, Third Battalion, Twenty-Sixth Marines, THIRD Marine Division in connection with operations against the enemy in the Republic of Vietnam. On 20 January 1968, Captain <mask> deployed his unit into two elements and advanced north on two parallel ridge lines from Hill 881 South.After advancing approximately 1,000 meters, his unit came under fire from an estimated North Vietnamese Army battalion entrenched in fortified positions. Reacting instantly, he called in heavy supporting arms fire and directed accurate 106-mm. recoilless rifle fire which destroyed two hostile emplacements. When one of his platoons became pinned down by the intense enemy fire after seizing its objective, he aggressively advanced across 500 meters of open terrain

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Dabney
Dabney
Dabney
William H
. Dabney
Dabney


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 with the remainder of his unit to relieve the beleaguered Marines. Completely disregarding his own safety, he repeatedly exposed himself to the enemy fire in order to pinpoint North Vietnamese automatic weapons positions. His bold initiative was instrumental in the destruction of a hostile .50 caliber machine gun which had shot down a medical evacuation aircraft. When Captain <mask> coordinated all his forces and evacuated all casualties, he ordered his men to withdraw and remained behind to provide covering fire until his men had reached the base of the hill.Only then did he leave the area to rejoin his unit. As a result of his aggressive actions, his company accounted for 103 North Vietnamese confirmed killed. By his courage inspiring leadership and selfless devotion to duty at great personal risk, Captain <mask> upheld the highest traditions of the Marine Corps and of the United States Naval Service. See also
List of Navy Cross recipients for the Vietnam War

References

External links
Navy Cross Citation and Silver Star synopsis
HMM-364.org – Military Biography
Legacy.com – Obituary

Military.com – Leatherneck: Hill 881 South by R. R. Keene
VMI, TAPS – Two Former Commandants Pass This Week

1934 births
2012 deaths
People from Gloucester County, Virginia
People from Saint John, New Brunswick
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Silver Star
United States Marine Corps colonels
United States Marines
Virginia Military Institute alumni
Yale University alumni
United States Marine Corps personnel of the Vietnam War
United States Marine Corps reservists
People from Lexington,

masks: Dabney Dabney


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<mask>  (, 4 February 1931 – 6 April 2000) was a prominent Iranian actor, film director and freestyle wrestler. Biography

Early life
<mask> was born and raised in a poor area in southern Tehran. He was the eldest of three children. After graduating from high school, <mask> joined the Air Force and became a freestyle wrestler in his twenties; he won a silver medal at the 1954 World Wrestling Championships and placed fourth in 1957. Acting
<mask> was a popular lead actor in Iranian cinema, and was known by the title, King of Hearts, after his lead role in an Iranian film of the same title (Soltane Ghalbha). He rose to fame in the 1960s. For the average Iranian, he was a heroic figure who served as an alternative to non Iranian movie stars.He was stereotypically cast as the poor tough guy with the heart of gold who got the girl at the end. His films include, Behesht Door Nist, Ghazal, and Ganje Qarun. After the 1979 Iranian Revolution, he starred in only two more films, Bar Faraz -e- Asemanha and Barzakhiha. He also acted in the Indo Iranian Bollywood film Subah O Sham (1972) starring alongside Waheeda Rehman, Sanjeev Kapoor, Simin Ghaffari and Azar. The film was directed by Tapi Chanakya. His voice in the film was dubbed by Satyen Kappu. Post-Revolutionary Limitations
<mask> was banned from working for almost the entire time that he lived through the post-revolutionary period.He could only act in one film, The Imperilled (Barzakhi-ha), which was released in 1982 and resulted in his life-time ban. The Imperilled was directed by Iraj Ghaderi and had four pre-revolutionary male stars in the lead roles. With its patriotic story about resisting foreign invasion, it was a chance for <mask>, Malek-Motiei, Ghaderi and Rad to renew their threatened careers as actors in the post-revolutionary atmosphere. The film was a hit and became the highest grossing Iranian film of all time in its short period of screening in theaters. But it was soon

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Mohammad Ali Fardin
Fardin
Fardin
Fardin
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Fardin


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 banned and consequently the four actors were banned from working. Saeed Motalebi, an established writer and director in the pre-revolutionary era, was the writer of the film. He is one of the people who has repeatedly recounted stories about how the film and the actors were banned.About how the film's success was turned into disaster Motalebi says: In one friday Mr. Mohsen Makhmalbaf gathered a couple of people and they started collecting signatures for a petition which was written on a scroll, stating that "We have made a revolution while these actors are transgressors." They did it right in front of that theater in the Revolution Square near the university of Tehran. They said "Look how theaters are crowded while friday events are deserted." That's how they stopped my film. Then a reporter who was queued to ask something about our film, went and told the then prime minister (Mir-Hossein Mousavi) "There is a film in theaters whose writer wants to convey that people who are fighting in the fronts are problematic persons." The prime minister replied "These are leftovers of junk intellectuals who will soon go to the dustbin of history." Malek-Motiei became jobless and turned his garage into a pastry shop.Ghaderi put some rice bags in his office and became a rice dealer. <mask> opened a pastry shop too and when I went to visit him, I used to wait outside as long as there were no customers so that he wouldn't feel ashamed when he saw me. These were all caused by those illogical efforts which I will never forgive. Death
<mask> died as a result of cardiac arrest on 6 April 2000 at the age of 69. The news of his death was largely ignored by state radio and television, which was run according to the dictates of the Islamic establishment, who had disapproved of his acting career and had banned his films post the 1979 revolution. He was buried in the Behesht-e-Zahra cemetery in Tehran. More than 20,000 mourners attended his funeral in

masks: Fardin Fardin


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<mask> (April 16, 1905 – March 6, 1983), also known as <mask>, was an American football player and professional wrestler. He played college football for the Haskell Institute from 1925 to 1926 and for the University of Iowa in 1928. In 1926, he set college football's single-season scoring record with 253 points on 38 touchdowns, 19 extra point kicks, and two field goals. His record of 38 touchdowns in a season stood for more than 60 years until 1988. <mask> later played in the National Football League, under the name <mask>, for the Portsmouth Spartans (1930-1931) and Staten Island Stapletons (1931). After retiring from football, <mask> worked as a professional wrestler, sometimes under the name the "Masked Manager", from 1933 to 1953. Early years
<mask> was born in Pryor, Oklahoma in 1905 as the youngest of six children.A brother and sister died in infancy. His parents were of Cherokee and Scotch-Irish ancestry and were born in Texas; they married in Pryor. Along with other members of his family, Mayes was registered in 1906 at the age of one year on the Dawes Rolls as "Cherokee by Blood" (1/8). Both parents are listed on the Dawes Rolls: his mother is listed as 1/4th Cherokee by Blood and his father is listed as "IW" (Intermarried White) whose marriage occurred after November 1, 1875. His father Pleas L<mask> was a farmer. His mother was Martha A<mask>. Football career

Haskell
<mask> attended the Haskell Institute in Lawrence, Kansas, a college founded for Native Americans of various tribes.He played football for Dick Hanley's Haskell Indians in 1925 and 1926. During the 1926 season, <mask> set the all-time

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Mayes Watt McLain
Watt Mayes McLain
McLain
Chief McLain
McLain
Mayes
. McLain
. McLain
McLain
McLain


texts: college football scoring record with 253 points on 38 touchdowns, 19 extra point kicks, and two field goals. McLain was considered a triple-threat man who excelled at running, passing and kicking. He also played on defense as well as offense. <mask> opened the 1926 season with two touchdowns in a 65-0 victory over Drury College and followed the next week with eight touchdowns and seven extra point kicks in a 57-0 rout of Wichita. After scoring 55 points against Wichita, The Wichita Eagle wrote, "<mask> put up the most astonishing exhibition of football ever seen in Wichita." On October 2, 1926, <mask> scored six touchdowns in a 55-0 victory over Still College.The Lawrence Journal-World reported, "The Husky Cherokee fullback thrilled the fans by his broken field running and his vicious tackling." In the fourth game of the 1926 season, <mask> scored four rushing touchdowns in a 38-0 victory over Morningside College. For their fifth game, Haskell traveled to Ohio to play the undefeated Dayton Triangles professional football team. The attendance at the game set a Dayton record. Haskell won by a 30-14 score, as <mask> rushed for four touchdowns and kicked a field goal. One newspaper account noted, "it was the terrific line smashing of <mask> which provided the balance of power ... <mask>, a modern Goliath of strength, proved almost unstoppable against a fierce defense massed against him on every play." The following week, <mask> settled for four touchdowns in a 95-0 victory over Jackson College.In the seventh game of the season, <mask> rushed for 129 yards and two touchdowns on 27 carries in a 36-0 victory over

masks: McLain McLain McLain McLain McLain McLain McLain McLain McLain


texts: Bucknell. One account noted that <mask> was "on the rampage, tearing crazily thru the Bucknell line." <mask> sustained a knee injury against Loyola University Chicago and saw limited action. McLain also missed the following weeks' game against Boston College and Michigan State College due to the injury. <mask> returned to the lineup in a 27-0 victory over an undefeated Xavier College team on Thanksgiving Day in Cincinnati. <mask> scored three touchdowns in the game. On December 4, 1926, <mask> scored one touchdown in a 27-7 victory over the University of Tulsa.Haskell concluded the 1926 season on December 18 with a 40-7 victory over the Hawaii All-Stars. <mask> scored three touchdowns in the game. <mask> finished the season as college football's scoring leader with 253 points on 38 touchdowns, 19 extra point kicks, and two field goals. <mask> enrolled at the University of Iowa and played for the Iowa Hawkeyes football team during the 1928 season. In the preceding two seasons, Iowa had compiled a combined record of 7-9.With the arrival of <mask>, the Hawkeyes improved to 6-2 in 1928. <mask> was credited with the improvement in Iowa's fortunes in 1928. At the end of the 1929 season, <mask> was named to Pan-American Bank's All-American team. At the start of the 1928 season, the United Press ran a feature story describing <mask> as the "Big Hope of Hawkeye Gridders." The story described the excitement on the Iowa campus:"'Watch the Big Chief', is the cry of the tall corn fans who are prepared to name <mask> <mask> as 1928 All-American fullback before he has ever appeared in Big Ten conference competition. <mask>, a 210

masks: McLain McLain McLain McLain McLain McLain McLain McLaincLain McLain McLain McLain Mayes Mayes McLain McLain


texts: pound, fair haired young giant who stands six feet two inches in his stocking feet and crashed the line in a manner which brings back memories of Gordon Locke, Iowa's All-American fullback of championship days, is the big hope of the Hawkeyes." When the Iowa team played at Chicago's Soldier Field in October 1928, The New York Times wrote:"Not since the days of Red Grange has Chicago and the Big Ten been as intensely interested in a single gridiron luminary as they are in that giant Indian line smasher, <mask> <mask> of Iowa. . . .Weighing more than 215 pounds and standing six feet two inches, <mask>, who led in individual scoring while at Haskell two years ago by burning up 253 points in thirteen games, is a terrific driver." The Hawkeyes defeated the Chicago Maroons, 13 to 0, as Mayes ran for 100 yards. The New York Times reported: "<mask> <mask>, giant Indian fullback, swept the lighter Chicago team off its feet." On November 10, 1928, <mask> scored both of Iowa's touchdowns in a 14-7 victory over Ohio State. In early December 1928, a Big Ten faculty eligibility committee declared <mask> ineligible to play another year of Big Ten football. The committee ruled that his two years of play at Haskell counted toward his three years of eligibility under Big Ten rules. In January 1929, <mask> announced that he was working with Iowa's baseball coach "in an attempt to master the art of pitching."That spring, allegations circulated that Iowa was paying athletes in violation of conference rules. An investigation revealed that a group of alumni had created a "Labor Fund" for the purpose of promoting work for Iowa athletes in

masks: Mayes McLain McLain Mayes McLain McLain McLain McLain


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 local businesses. While most of the athletes were found to have performed actual work, McLain was singled out as an exception. <mask> had been paid $60 per month during the 1928-29 academic year "for allegedly taking a 'real estate census' of Iowa City." Professional football
In August 1930, <mask> signed a contract to play for the Portsmouth Spartans (later known as the Detroit Lions). During the 1930 NFL season, <mask>, sometimes referred to as "Chief" <mask>, scored four rushing touchdowns and three receiving touchdowns. His total of 42 points tied for the lead on the Spartans in their first NFL season.In August 1931, the Spartans announced that <mask> had been sent a contract to return to the team for the 1931 season. The Portsmouth Times reported at the time: "<mask> is located at Pryor, Oklahoma and is in shape to play football on a moment's notice as he has been herding cattle and writes friends that he is hard as nails." <mask> appeared in only one game for Portsmouth in 1931. He also played for the Staten Island Stapletons. He appeared in nine games for a Stapletons team that finished in seventh place in the NFL. <mask> was the Stapletons' second-leading scorer (behind Ken Strong) with two touchdowns and 12 points. <mask> also played for the St. Louis Gunners at the end of the 1931 season.In December 1931, he scored all of the Gunners' points in a 10-0 victory over the Des Moines Hawkeyes. Professional wrestling career
After his professional football career ended, <mask> became a professional wrestler. He was active in professional wrestling from March 1933 to May 1942. His wrestling career was interrupted

masks: McLain McLain McLain McLain McLain McLain McLain McLain McLain McLain


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 during World War II, but he resumed his participation in professional wrestling from April 1947 to July 1953. During his wrestling career, he was often a featured attraction at venues such as Madison Square Garden (New York), the New York Hippodrome, the Boston Garden, Maple Leaf Gardens (Toronto), Sydney Stadium (Australia), and the Olympic Auditorium (Los Angeles). He was matched up against many of the most famous wrestlers of the day, including Strangler Lewis, Ed Don George, Ray Steele, and Wee Willie Davis. In September 1938, <mask> became the world heavyweight champion in Toronto and held the title for six weeks.He was inducted into the Pro Wrestling Hall of Fame in 1983. <mask>' notable matches include the following:
March 1933: Defeated Speers at Madison Square Garden in New York. April 1933: Lost to Jack Washburn at Wilmington, Delaware. May 1933: Lost to Paul Boesch at the New York Coliseum. August 1933: Defeated Al Getzwich in Toronto, Ontario. September 1933: Lost to Joe Savoldi in Toronto, Ontario. September 1933: Lost to Jim Browning in Toronto.December 1933: Lost to Strangler Lewis in St. Louis, Missouri. March 1934: Lost to Jim McMillen at Madison Square Garden in New York. March 1934: Lost to Joe Savoldi in Reading, Pennsylvania. May 1934: Lost to Joe Savoldi in Richmond, Virginia. October 1934: Lost to Little Beaver in Richmond, Virginia. August 1935: Lost to Howard “Hangman” Cantonwine at Maple Leaf Gardens in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. <mask> was knocked out in the match, "examined by doctors and then rushed to hospital in a police ambulance."January 1936: Lost to Tiger Daula in Vancouver,

masks: McLain Mayes McLain


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 British Columbia, Canada. February 1936: Draw against Wee Willie Davis at the Tillicum gymnasium in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. March 1936: Defeated Wee Willie Davis at the Masonic Temple in Spokane, Washington. <mask> was awarded the match by the referee after he had been "fouled so that he fell to the mat." September 1937: Lost to Ray Steele at the Hippodrome in New York. November 1937: Lost to Hans Steinke at the Hippodrome in New York. April 1939: Lost to Gus Sonneberg at Boston Garden in Boston, Massachusetts.May 1939: Lost to Ed Don George. May 1943: Lost to Strangler Lewis at the Olympic Auditorium in Los Angeles, California. June 1947: Defeated Chief Little Wolf at Sydney Stadium in Sydney, Australia. Chief Little Wolf was disqualified after he "slammed the referee twice to the canvas in the seventh round." June 1947: Draw against Dutch Hefner at Sydney Stadium in Sydney, Australia. <mask>'s rough tactics in the match, including "strangle holds" and a "standing reverse back-bender", had "most of the women spectators . . . solidly against him."August 1947: Lost to Fred Atkins at Sydney Stadium in Sydney. September 1947: Lost to Sandor Szabo at Sydney Stadium in Sydney. April 1949: Lost to Ted "King Kong" Cox in Stockton, California. July 1950: Lost by disqualification to Ray Gunkelin Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Mayes also worked as a stunt man in the motion picture business. He appeared as a wrestler in the 1936 motion picture, Magnificent Brute. Later years
<mask> died in 1983 at age 77 in Marietta, Georgia.In 1987, he was posthumously inducted into the American Indian Athletic Hall of Fame at

masks: McLain McLain McLain


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 Lawrence, Kansas. References

External links

 Image of wrestling match between Joseph “Jumping Joe” Savoldi and <mask> <mask>, Olympic Auditorium, Los Angeles, 1935. Los Angeles Times Photographic Archive (Collection 1429). UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, University of California, Los Angeles. 1905 births
1983 deaths
20th-century American male actors
American football halfbacks
American male professional wrestlers
Haskell Indian Nations Fighting Indians football players
Iowa Hawkeyes football players
Portsmouth Spartans players
Staten Island Stapletons players
Professional wrestlers from Oklahoma
People from Pryor Creek, Oklahoma
Players of American football from Oklahoma
Native American professional wrestlers
Cherokee people
American people of Scotch-Irish descent
20th-century Native

masks: Mayes McLain


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<mask>'id Abolkhayr or Abū Saʿīd Abū'l-Khayr  (December 7, 967 - January 12, 1049), also known as Sheikh <mask> or <mask>'eed, was a famous Persian Sufi and poet who contributed extensively to the evolution of Sufi tradition. The majority of what is known from his life comes from the book Asrar al-Tawhid (اسرارالتوحید, or "The Mysteries of Unification") written by  Mohammad Ibn Monavvar, one of his grandsons,  130 years after his death. The book, which is an important early Sufi writing in Persian, presents a record of his life in the form of anecdotes from a variety of sources and contains a collection of his words. During his life his fame spread throughout the Islamic world, even to Spain. He was the first Sufi writer to widely use ordinary love poems as way to express and illuminate mysticism, and as such he played a major role in foundation of Persian Sufi poetry. He spent most of his life in Nishapur. Biography

Abū-Sa'īd  was born in the village of Mihne,  part of  Greater Khorasan, today   located near mihne in Akhal Province.His father was a herbalist and physician with an interest in Sufism. He then moved and lived in the city of Nishapur, and subsequently moved back to Meyhaneh after a few years. Abū-Sa'īd's formal education included Islamic scholarship and Arabic literature that he continued until the age 23 when he left them for Sufism. He also traveled to and spent time in small towns around the same province visiting other Sufis or his teachers. Mysticism

His mysticism is a typical example of

masks:
Abusa
Abusaeid
Abu Sa


texts: the Khorasani school of Sufism. He extracted the essence of the teachings of the past Sufis of this school (and to some extent other schools as well) and expressed them in a simpler, and in a sense deeper, form without the use of philosophy. He held a special reverence for earlier Sufis, especially Bayazid Bastami and Hallaj.Moreover, in Asrar al-Tawhid, Tazkiratul Awliyā and Noorul Uloom it has been written that Abū-Sa'īd went for the visit of Shaikh <mask> Hassan Kharaqani and got deeply influenced by his personality and state. His system is based on a few themes that appear frequently in his words, generally in the form of simple emotional poems. The main focus of his teachings is liberation from “I”, which he considered the one and only cause of separation from God and to which he attributed all personal and social misfortunes. His biography mentions that he would never call himself "I" or "we" but “they” instead. This idea of selflessness appears as Fotovvat (a concept very near to chivalry) in his ethical teachings and as Malaamat, a kind of selflessness before the Beloved which he considers a sign of perfect love in his strictly mystical teachings. Both of these concepts in a certain sense are spiritual forms of warrior ethics. Despite their simplicity he believed that the full application of these teachings to one's life requires both divine grace and the guidance of an experienced Sufi, and is impossible through personal efforts alone.His picture as portrayed in various Sufi writings is a


texts:
 particularly joyful one of continuous ecstasy. Other famous Sufis made frequent references to him, a notable example being the Persian Sufi poet Farid al-Din Attar, who mentions Abū-Sa'īd as his spiritual guide. Many miracles are attributed to him in Sufi writings. Poetry

Many short Persian poems are attributed to him and he is considered one of the great medieval Persian poets. The attribution of these poems has always been doubtful and due to recent research, it is generally believed that he wrote only two poems in his life. The attribution of so many poems to Abū-Sa'īd was due to his great fondness for poetry. His love for poetry can be seen from the fact that he usually used love poetry written by non-Sufis in his daily prayers.Even his last words were a poem, and at his funeral instead of the recitation of Qur’anic verses, he requested the following poem. Another example of the poems attributed to him. Views on Islam

Abū-Sa'īd insists that his teachings and Sufism as a whole are the true meaning of Islam. He based his teachings on the mystic interpretation of verses from Qur’an and some hadiths  and was considered a learned Islamic scholar. Nevertheless, his interpretations of Qur’an were considered an ocean of knowledge in exegesis of the Quran. To this day this has been one of the causes of criticizing him from a religious point of view. In general he was bold in expressing his mystic opinions as can be seen from his praise of Hallaj who was considered a heretic by most of the Pseudo-Sufis and most


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 ignoramus laymen of the time due to irrelevant conclusions without a depth of support of the great majority of the Islamic scholars of the time and present modern era, although the common opinion about Hallaj changed in time.Relationship and Avicenna

There is evidence that Abū-Sa'īd and Avicenna, the Persian physician and philosopher, corresponded with one another. Abū-Sa'īd records several meetings between them in his biography. The first meeting is described as three days of private conversation, at the end of which Abū-Sa'īd said to his followers that everything that he could see (i.e. in visions), Avicenna knew, and in turn Avicenna said that everything he knew Abū-Sa'īd could see, in realistic theory presents the  superlative connection between Islamic Saints of God (أولياء, Awliya) revealing the reliability of such spiritual powers as believed to be placed on them by Allah ( الله, God). References

 E.G. Browne. Literary History of Persia.(Four volumes, 2,256 pages, and twenty-five years in the writing). 1998. Jan Rypka, History of Iranian Literature. Reidel Publishing Company. ASIN B-000-6BXVT-K
 The modern Abil Khair Abil Khair Organization @ Khanqah Khairiyyah

See also

List of Persian poets and authors
Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani
Persian literature
Sufi poetry
Sufism outside of Iran Khairiyyah

967 births
1049 deaths
Sufi mystics
Iranian poets
10th-century Persian poets
11th-century Persian poets
Poets from Nishapur
Sufis from Nishapur
10th-century Iranian people
11th-century Iranian


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<mask>  is a contemporary Filipina Visual Artist whose work is best known for her work which blends of painting with various media, and is "recognized as one of the most celebrated Southeast Asian artists both in the academic world and in the art market." She rose to prominence in 2003 when she received the Cultural Center of the Philippines' Thirteen Artists award., and has since exhibited her works widely both in the Philippines and abroad. Early life and training
Born in 1970, in Makati, <mask> did not start out with a training in arts as most of her contemporaries did, having first pursued a career in nursing before turning to the arts. When she did eventually begin her art training through a bachelor's degree at University of the Philippines Diliman (UP) College of Fine Arts, she was strongly influenced Roberto Chabet, who is known for "highly conceptually oriented training" - a fact which some critics credit her "predilection for making art which emphasises intellectual engagement over immediate emotional response." Visual style and inspirations
<mask>'s work is best known for its blending of various media - sometimes with her oil paintings incorporated into installation art, and sometimes with various media such as embroidery or found objects prominently incorporated into her canvases. Artist and art writer Nastia Voynovskaya, describing <mask>'s show, “Stuck in Reverse", in Berlin, notes:
"Instead of stretching her canvases, she incorporates her oil painting into her installations, sewing them like tapestries into tent structures that evoke the feeling of “home.”

Her immediate sources of references are film and photography. "Some of her most vivid memories of

masks:
Geraldine Javier
Javier
Javier
Javier


texts:
 childhood include afternoon sessions in front of the television watching classics like Knife in the Water by Ingmar Bergman, or local films such as Kisapmata, Itim, Insiang and Himala by Filipino directors Lino Brocka, Ishmael Bernal, whose sensibilities evoke those of old, moody European films."The moodiness of such sources influences the moodiness of her work. Prominent themes
Malaysian curator and arts writer Adeline Ooi describes her work in context:
"She belongs to a new generation of young Filipino artists whose interests are variegated and extensive, and who, unlike their social-realist predecessors, are engaged in pursuing the personal and the idiosyncratic. These voices from the periphery express powerful individual narratives influenced by international media and local pop culture. Their works are charged with tension and provocation, combining cool, calculated sophistication with raw urban grit -“the general low-end third world stuff.”

Voynovskaya furthers that "[her] works show a strong reference of mortality. Combining cool, calculated sophistication with raw urban grit. Images of death, misery, dysfunctional relationships, and emotional violence are recurrent themes. Her world thrives on complex, viscous thoughts and intimations, silent tensions and implosions."<mask>'s works combine such themes into a conflict of the familiar and the unrecognizable, forcing the viewer to concentrate. Ooi notes that the use of religious iconography in some of <mask>'s work, while "devoid of any affiliation with a particular religion" and aiming at "communicating universal, collective values," is "connected to her own biography, having lived and struggled with the catholic

masks: Javier Javier


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 culture in the Philippines." She quotes <mask> as saying in 2001:
“I had a primary and secondary Catholic education. The nuns taught us of the sacrifices of Jesus and the other martyrs and from this I can deduce that the catholic religion‘s foundation was built on blood and guilt as a consequence. The same guilt that the church exploits as it continues to exert an almost authoritarian influence on Philippine society and our government to the point of paralysis in terms of decision and policy making." On the religious iconography found in <mask>'s Stuck in Reverse'' exhibition, Godfrey comments:"The Philippines is perhaps now the most staunchly Catholic of countries. Many Filipino artists are virulently opposed to the Catholic Church’s continued domination of society and respond with blasphemous detournements of its imagery and objects.<mask> ... has long since stopped attending church but though in a work such as Blood Type C (Catholic), Major Major G (Guilt) of 2011 she has attacked its control she has also made work that recreates her delight as a child in making images of saints or performing ceremonies." Solo exhibitions
Exhibitions in the Philippines include:

 “Fearing, Doubting, Wondering, Hoping, Dreaming” at Arario Gallery, Shanghai, China (2018). "Beginnings and Endings" at the West Gallery, Quezon City, Philippines (2017). "Curiosities" at the Vargas Museum, U.P. Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines (2013)
"Red Fights Back” at Silverlens Gallery, Makati, Philippines (2012). “2012 Inventory” at West Gallery, Quezon City, Philippines (2012). "Always Wild, Still Wild” at Finale Art File, Makati, Philippines (2011)
"Butterfly's Tongue" at the West Gallery, Quezon City,

masks: Javier Javier Javier


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 Philippines (2009)."Samploc Cave Paintings" at the Finale Art Gallery, Philippines (2008)
 "Living Images, Leaden Lives" at the West Gallery, Art Center, SM Megamall, Mandaluyong, Manila, Philippines (2008)
 "Girls Will Not Be Girls" Art Center, SM Megamall, Mandaluyong, Manila, Philippines (2006)
“HAHA HUHU” at West Gallery, Manila, Philippines (2006). “Plaster Saints” at Valentine Willie Fine Art, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (2006). “Most Beautiful Memories are Those of Childhood” at Finale Art Gallery, Manila Philippines (2006). “Veiled Hostility” at West Gallery, Manila, Philippines (2005). “Sea Whores” at Theo Gallery, Manila Philippines (2005). "Weight of Light" Finale Gallery, Lao Center, Makati, Manila, Philippines (2005). “There is no there there” at West Gallery, Manila, Philippines (2004).“Freezing the Flight Hummingbirds” at West Gallery, Manila, Philippines (2003)
“Red on Her Skirt” at West Gallery, Makati, Philippines (2002)
“Dividing the House” at West Gallery, Manila, Philippines (2001)
“Very Scurry Furry Tales” at Surrounded by Water Gallery, Manila, Philippines (2001). “Hospital Diary of XN (Discovery Series” at Hiraya Gallery, Manila, Philippines (1996). Since 2004, <mask> has been exhibiting her work internationally. Some include:
 “Fearing, Doubting, Wondering, Hoping, Dreaming” at Arario Gallery, Shanghai, China (2018). “Beyond the Veil” at Arario Gallery, Seoul, Korea (2013). "Stuck in Reverse" at ARNDT, Berlin (2013-2014). "Asia: LOOKING SOUTH" at ARNDT, Berlin (2011).“Chapel of Many Saints and Sinners” at Equator Art Projects Gallery, Gillman Barracks, Singapore (2012). "Playing God in an Art Lab" at the Singapore Tyler Print Institute, Singapore (2012).


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 "Museum of Many Things" at the Valentine Willie Fine Art, Singapore (2011). "In The Beginning..." at Arario Gallery, Korea (2011). Group exhibitions

 “Migration Melbourne Edition”, an international pop-up exhibition of ARNDT, at Ormond Hall, Melbourne, Australia (2012). “Incidental Pleasure” at MO Space, Taguig, Philippines (2012). “STRIP Painters as Photographers” at Silverlens Gallery, Makati, Philippines (2011).“Beacons of Archipelago: Contemporary Art from Southeast Asia” at Arario Gallery, Cheonan, South Korea (2010). “Prague Biennale 2009” Prague, Czech Republic (2009). “I Have Nothing to Paint and I’m Painting It” at MO Gallery, Fort Bonifacio, Manila, Philippines (2007). “Headlights 2007” at Valentine Willie Fine Art, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (2007). “The Way We Get By” at West Gallery, Quezon City, Philippines (2006). “Signed & Dated - our 10th Anniversary Edition” at Valentine Willie Fine Art, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (2006). Achievements
 Participated at the Prague Biennale, Prague, Czech Republic (2009).Awarded with the Thirteen Artists Award, issued by the Cultural Centre of the Philippines (CCP), Manila. Recipient of the Ateneo Art Awards, issued by the Ateneo Art Gallery, Philippines (2004)

References

http://www.arndtberlin.com/website/artist_10703?idx=j
http://hifructose.com/2014/01/01/geraldine-javiers-interdisciplinary-artworks-investigate-mortality/
http://www.artfacts.net/en/artist/geraldine-javier-195873/profile.html
http://www.myarttracker.com/node/377937/artworks/by-artist/Geraldine-<mask>
http://www.arariogallery.com/artists/biography.php?idx=15

1970 births
Living people
Filipino women artists
University of the Philippines Diliman alumni
Filipino


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<mask> (born January 7, 1959) is a former professional American football offensive lineman in the National Football League for the Dallas Cowboys, Indianapolis Colts and Philadelphia Eagles. He covered Philadelphia Eagles preseason games as an analyst with Scott Graham for several years. He currently works for NFL Network, where he serves as an analyst for the television show NFL Total Access. He played college football at Duke University. Early years
Baldinger was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Always big, strong, and athletic for his age, Baldinger spent much of his youth playing a variety of sports in and around Cherry Hill, New Jersey. His family later moved to Apple Valley, Minnesota, then Massapequa, New York where he and his brothers became well known locally as they continued to excel in sports.<mask> practiced football, basketball and track at Massapequa High School, where his graduating class included Jessica Hahn, <mask>, and Tim Van Patten. College career
After high school, he initially enrolled at the Naval Academy, but later decided to transfer to Nassau Community College, where he became an All-Coastal Conference tight end and also practiced basketball. In 1979, he transferred to Duke University, where he was converted into a guard because of his blocking ability. As a senior, he was voted the team's most improved player and started all 11 games. Professional career

Dallas Cowboys
Baldinger was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Dallas Cowboys after the 1982 NFL Draft on April 30. As a rookie, he appeared in 4 out of 9 games, playing mostly on special teams. In 1983, he saw playing time as a backup at center and guard.In 1984, he started two games at right tackle replacing an injured Phil Pozderac and also started 2 games at right guard in place of an injured Kurt Petersen. In 1985, he injured his right knee in the third preseason game against the Chicago Bears and was placed on the injured reserve list. In 1986, he was a backup at center and also played

masks:
Brian David Baldinger
Brian
Brian Setzer


texts:
 as a third tight end in short-yardage situations. On September 2, 1987, he was placed on the injured reserve list with a left knee injury he suffered in a preseason game. On October 24, he was activated to the regular season roster. He was declared inactive in 6 of the final 8 games. Baldinger wasn't re-signed after the season.During his time with the Cowboys, he played every offensive line position and also had a few snaps at tight end. Indianapolis Colts
On July 19, 1988, he was signed as a free agent by the Indianapolis Colts, to provide depth in the case of a lengthy contract holdout by guard Ron Solt. He was the lightest member of the offensive line. He appeared in 16 games, starting three contests at right tackle. He caught his first career pass (37 yards) from a tackle-eligible position against the Green Bay Packers. In 1989, he appeared in all 16 games. He started the season opener at right tackle in place of Kevin Call and started 2 games at left tackle in place of an injured Chris Hinton.He also was used as tackle-eligible in short yardage situations. In 1990, he was named the starter at right guard for the first 8 games. In the second half of the season, he was moved to replace right tackle Call, who injured his left shoulder in the eighth game against the New York Giants. In 1991, he started 13 games at center in place of Ray Donaldson, who was lost for the season with a broken leg he suffered against the Los Angeles Raiders. Buffalo Bills
On April 2, 1992, he was signed in Plan B free agency by the Buffalo Bills, joining his brother <mask>. He was released on August 31. Philadelphia Eagles
On September 28, 1992, he was signed as a free agent by the Philadelphia Eagles to replace an injured John Hudson.In 1993, he started 4 games at right guard in place of an injured Eric Floyd. On June 4, 1994, he was released in a salary cap move, along with 11 other veterans. Broadcasting career
Baldinger began his broadcasting career as a color analyst at Bucknell University in


texts:
 1995, then moved to Fox in 1997, providing analysis for NFL Europe games. The network was impressed with his soothing voice and handy repertoire of clichés, and promoted him to a color commentary slot for NFL games. Baldinger worked alongside play-by-play voices Ray Bentley, Curt Menefee, Joe Buck, Pat Summerall, Kenny Albert, and Dick Stockton. In May 2009, it was reported that Baldinger would be replaced by former NFL safety John Lynch on Fox's telecasts. Shortly thereafter, Baldinger was hired by Compass Media Networks to serve as lead analyst for their national radio broadcasts of select Sunday afternoon NFL games.Baldinger also co-hosts a talk show for Sporting News Radio during football season, and teaches seminars for Nadia Communications. He is the author of the book The Map to Clear Messages. Baldinger has previously co-hosted various radio shows, and now is a frequent contributor for a sports-talk radio show for Philadelphia's "97.5 The Fanatic" sports station, an ESPN Affiliate, as well as Sky Sports. Personal life
A resident of Marlton, New Jersey, he has two younger brothers, Rich and Gary, who also played in the National Football League. He has a slightly mutilated right pinky finger that was injured when it became entangled in the jersey of Randy White. References

1959 births
Living people
American football offensive guards
American football offensive tackles
Players of American football from Pennsylvania
People from Cherry Hill, New Jersey
People from Evesham Township, New Jersey
Sportspeople from the Delaware Valley
People from Apple Valley, Minnesota
People from Massapequa, New York
American sports radio personalities
Nassau Lions football players
Duke Blue Devils football players
Dallas Cowboys players
Indianapolis Colts players
Philadelphia Eagles players
National Football League announcers
NFL Europe broadcasters
College football announcers
Philadelphia Eagles announcers
Atlanta Falcons announcers
Nassau Community College alumni
Massapequa High School


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<mask>, or Piraeicus, was an Ancient Greek painter of uncertain date and location. None of his work is known to have survived and he is known only from a brief discussion by the Latin author Pliny the Elder. Pliny's passage comes in the middle of his discussion of painting in Book XXXV of his Natural History, completed about 78 AD:

It is well to add an account of the artists who won fame with the brush in painting smaller pictures. Amongst them was Peiraikos. In mastery of his art but few take rank above him, yet by his choice of a path he has perhaps marred his own success, for he followed a humble line, winning however the highest glory that it had to bring. He painted barbers' shops, cobblers' stalls, asses, eatables and similar subjects, earning for himself the name of rhyparographos [painter of dirt/low things]. In these subjects he could give consummate pleasure, selling them for more than other artists received for their large pictures.In the terms of later art history, he painted cabinet paintings of genre subjects. Generally speaking, Pliny seems to derive his information from Varro (116 BC – 27 BC), and <mask> may have been contemporary with or somewhat earlier than him, placing the painter at the end of the Hellenistic period or in the early Graeco-Roman period. From his tone, it seems that "Pliny does not know how to judge

masks: Peiraikos Peiraikos


texts:
 Piraeicus". Early Modern commentators were to take both approving and disapproving attitudes to later artists compared to him, often assuming that Pliny's meaning followed their own. <mask>' subjects may well have been given a comic treatment, but this is not clear. Some equivalent subjects survive in Roman art, especially in shops and shopfronts in Pompeii, small sections of floor mosaics, and in the reliefs of men at work on the Tomb of Eurysaces the Baker in Rome (c. 50–20 BC), but it is interesting to know that such subjects were popular with collectors at the top end of the Roman art market. Propertius makes a reference to a painter of "small art" in his Elegies, but the surviving text is corrupt, and it is generally thought to intend a reference to the 5th century BC Athenian painter Parrhasios, whose trompe-l'œil painted curtain fooled Xeuxis, an anecdote reported in another passage of Pliny.In Early Modern art criticism

Peiraikos became frequently referred to in discussions of art in the late Renaissance and especially the Baroque periods, when genre subjects were becoming popular again, and the need for classical authority was still strongly felt. The ambiguous tone of Pliny's comments allowed later writers to enlist Pliny on either side of the argument for and against Peiraikos' humble modern equivalents. One of the first artists to


texts: specialize in genre subjects, Pieter Aertsen was an innovative late-16th-century painter of kitchen scenes, who was compared to Peiraikos by the Dutch Renaissance humanist Hadrianus Junius (Adriaen de Jonghe, 1511–1575) in his Batavia, published posthumously in 1588, which compares Aertsen at each point of Pliny's description in a wholly laudatory manner. An article by Zoran Kwak argues that a painting by his son Pieter Pietersz the Elder (1540–1603), normally called Market Scene with the Journey to Emmaus, which features prominently a half-naked figure who is clearly a cook (with Jesus and his companions as smaller figures behind him), in fact represents a self-portrait in a partly comic spirit, depicted as Peiraikos. Pieter van Laer (1599 – c. 1642) was a Dutch Golden Age painter of genre scenes, active for over a decade in Rome, where his nickname was Il Bamboccio. Artists working in his style, who often painted just such scenes of everyday life as Pliny lists, became known as the Bamboccianti, painters in Bamboccio's manner. <mask> is often mentioned in the controversies over the Bamboccianti, for example by Salvator Rosa in his Satires, and later by the Dutch biographer of artists, Samuel Dirksz van Hoogstraten in his Inleyding tot de Hooge Schoole der Schilderkonst (Introduction to the Academy of Painting), Rotterdam 1678.As genre painting


texts: became an important element of Dutch Golden Age painting, Peiraikos was used to provide classical precedent for such work, in the relatively few discussions of the appropriateness of such art by Karel van Mander in his Schilder-boeck (1604) and Arnold Houbraken in his The Great Theatre of Dutch Painters (1718–1719). Having originally been often rather cheap, by the late 17th century the best Dutch genre scenes became sought after by collectors across Europe at very high prices, a development following Pliny's account of Peiraikos that was bemoaned by Lessing in his Laocoon (1763), mentioning Dutch painting specifically. In Spain, where bodegones or genre tavern scenes had become popular, Peiraikos was referred to by Francisco Pacheco and later Antonio Palomino in the same way, with Palomino comparing Velasquez to him. A reference by the Jesuit writer Baltasar Gracián, comparing Peiraikos to an unnamed contemporary painter also seems to refer to Velasquez. In Italy he is mentioned in passing by Cardinal Gabriele Paleotti, whose De sacris et profanis imaginibus (1582, "Discourse on Sacred and Profane Images") was one of the treatises setting out the Counter-Reformation church's views on the proper role and content of art. Giovanni Battista Agucchi, the secretary of Cardinal Odoardo Farnese and a mover and shaker in the Roman art scene, called Jacopo


texts:
 Bassano the modern Peiraikos, contrasting the pair to Caravaggio and Demetrios of Alopeka, who sculpted "warts and all" portraits of important figures. In France, André Félibien was an influential codifier of the theory of the hierarchy of genres in art, and cited Pliny on Peiraikos, assuming the disapproval of his predecessor.A passage in the diary of Paul Klee meditates on <mask> as an "artist-martyr". In literature, Rabelais in Gargantua and Pantagruel (Prologue, Book V, c. 1564) compares himself to <mask> as a specialist in low subjects: "... and yet for Aesop a Place was found, and the Office of Mythologist; in like manner, inasmuch as I do not aspire to a higher Degree, I pray that they may not disdain to receive me in the Office of small Riparographer and Follower of Piraeicus" (or "Puny Riparographer, or Riffraff-scribler of the Sect of Pyrricus" as his translator Peter Motteux put it in 1694). Rhyparographer
The term used by Pliny has been anglicized as "rhyparographer", "A painter of low or mean subjects", which the OED first records in 1656, with "rhyparography" in 1678. Notes

References
Courtwright, Nicola, Origins and Meanings of Rembrandt's Late Drawing Style, The Art Bulletin, Vol. 78, No. 3 (Sep., 1996), pp. 485–510,  JSTOR
Hénin, Emmanuelle, Ut pictura theatrum: théâtre et peinture de la Renaissance italienne au classicisme


texts:
 français (in French), 2003, Librairie Droz, , 9782600008259, google books
Hobey-Hamsher, C., "Peiraikos."Grove Art Online, Oxford Art Online, Oxford University Press, accessed February 22, 2013, subscriber link
Kettering. Alison M., Men at Work in Dutch Art, or Keeping One's Nose to the Grindstone, The Art Bulletin, Vol. 89, No. 4 (Dec., 2007), pp. 694–714, JSTOR
Kwak, Zoran, "Taste the Fare and Chew it with Your Eyes’: A Painting by Pieter Pietersz and the Amusing Deceit in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Dutch and Flemish Kitchen Scenes", in On the Edge of Truth and Honesty: Principles and Strategies of Fraud and Deceit in the Early Modern Period, edited by Toon van Houdt and others, BRILL, 2002, , 9789004125728, google books
Levine, David A., The Roman Limekilns of the Bamboccianti, The Art Bulletin, Vol. 70, No. 4 (Dec., 1988), pp.569–589, JSTOR
"Pliny": The elder Pliny's chapters on the history of art, ed. K. Jex-Blake and others, digitized edition of 1896 book from Mamillan & Co. at archive.org
Plommer, Hugh, "Campanian Still-Life Paintings", review of Les natures mortes campaniennes by Jean-Michel Croisille, The Classical Review, New Series, Vol. 17, No. 1 (Mar., 1967), pp. 98–99, Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Classical Association, JSTOR
 Saporta, Lawrence L., Velázquez: The Spanish Style and the Art of Devotion,


texts:
 dissertation, Bryn Mawr College, ProQuest, 2009, , 9781109124323, google books
Sohm, Philip, Caravaggio's Deaths, The Art Bulletin, Vol. 84, No. 3 (Sep., 2002), pp.449–468, JSTOR
Sullivan, Margaret A., Aertsen's Kitchen and Market Scenes: Audience and Innovation in Northern Art, The Art Bulletin, Vol. 81, No. 2 (Jun., 1999), pp. 236–266, JSTOR

Ancient Greek


texts:
<mask> (born 8 May 1962) is a convicted Australian bank robber. He is reported to have stolen and hidden millions of dollars, and was dubbed "the postcard bandit" by police seeking media coverage. <mask> was held in a maximum-security prison in Queensland until he was transferred in 2016 to Casuarina Prison in Western Australia. He will be eligible for parole in 2026. A film about <mask>, The Postcard Bandit, was made in 2003. Personal
A former ward of the state of Western Australia, <mask> continues to suffer anxiety and related health disorders, as noted in a semi-biographical work, Australian Outlaw, by Derek Pedley. As a hearing-impaired 12-year-old in November 1974, he was maltreated at Hillston Boys Home.<mask> attended Eastern Hills High School in Mount Helena and was considered an average to good student. His watercolour "Little Boy Blue" was painted after the November 2009 national apology to Forgotten Australians. <mask> is recognised as a highly intelligent criminal and "minor genius" with a strong reliance on memory and observational skills to carry out his criminal activities. He used his knowledge and self-taught skills in make-up to create convincing disguises, computers to create false IDs, and electronics to dodge alarms and police. Weeks were spent methodically planning each bank robbery including observing the staff in the bank, identifying weaknesses in security, patterns of behaviour and the layout of the premises prior to the robbery taking place. These skills are widely thought to have assisted him in both successful prison escapes. Police officers who have interviewed <mask> have stated he is always probing for information on how he has been caught or what the police know about him.<mask> used his understanding of police methodology and intelligence gathering to successfully avoid capture during his time as an escapee. Fremantle Prison escape – 1989
<mask> had fled from police during questioning in relation to burglary at the Nollamara police station in 1986 and in 1987 successfully stole

masks:
Brenden James Abbott
Abbott
Abbott
Abbott
Abbott
Abbott
Abbott
Abbott
Abbott


texts:
 $11,200 from the Commonwealth Bank in Perth with his first bank robbery. In the months following, police arrested <mask> at Perth Airport. Sentenced to Fremantle Prison, <mask> was given duties in the tailor workshop, fitting and sewing uniforms to order. It was through the workshop <mask> and Aaron Reynolds were able to create fake prison guard uniforms. On 24 November 1989 <mask> dressed in the false uniform, cut through the bars in the workshop and gained access to the guard's walkway, he made his way across the rooftop and out of the prison grounds. This escape earned <mask> his lifelong notoriety as a criminal genius, and ultimately led to his permanent and erroneous branding as "the postcard bandit."In the almost 150-year history Fremantle Prison was operational, <mask> is the only prisoner to escape and never return due to its closure in 1991. Fugitive 1989–1995
While Reynolds was arrested within weeks of the Fremantle escape, <mask> went on to establish himself as a "professional" bank robber, believed to have been responsible for "40 to 50" bank robberies across Western Australia, South Australia and Queensland's Gold Coast. Working in <mask>'s favour, the Adelaide police force was structured with each suburb having its own CIB office, limiting communication between the departments and making Adelaide a repeated target. Rivalry between the states made intelligence sharing minimal and Western Australian Police were yet to issue a warrant for <mask>'s arrest almost five years following the escape. By 1994 the police states compromised and agreed to work together. Elevated to the status of Australia's most wanted man, his five-and-a-half years on the run came to an end when police tracked down a post-office box on Queensland's Gold Coast used by <mask>, which was found to contain a pager bill registered to the address where he was living. On 26 March 1995 <mask> was recaptured.Media reports in the 1990s said <mask> sent postcards of his travels to the Western Australian Police. However, the story was a WA

masks: Abbott Abbott Abbott Abbott Abbott Abbott Abbott Abbott Abbott Abbott Abbott Abbott


texts:
 Police media unit concoction; the "postcards" were photos <mask> lost while running from police with Aaron Reynolds after the Fremantle Prison escape, and were intended for his friends and family. They included a picture of Reynolds outside the Dwellingup police station. Sir David Longland Prison escape – 1997
On 5 November 1997, less than three years after his recapture, <mask> escaped with four other prisoners from Sir David Longland Prison at Wacol, Queensland. Using angel wire—diamond-encrusted wire—smuggled into the prison to cut through the bars in their cells, the escapees made it to the perimeter sensor fence where they were thrown bolt cutters by an accomplice, Brendan Berichon, who had been released in September. Uncharacteristically for <mask>, the escape from Sir David Longland Prison in November 1997 involved actual force rather than an implied threat of force. While cutting through the sensor fencing, the alarm was raised.Berichon was armed and fired on a patrol vehicle successfully disabling it. Guards were pinned down by the shots. The offenders alleged that this occurred in panic, when the escapees' escape plan went awry. Nonetheless, it gave the escapees enough time to cut through the fence and escape in the car driven by Berichon. Fugitive 1997–1998
<mask> was on the run for six months from 1997 to 1998. On 2 May 1998 he was eventually caught in Darwin and is, , serving a 23-year sentence in Queensland for bank robberies and the 1997 prison escape. Following his recapture, <mask> was transferred to Maximum Security at
Woodford Correctional Centre.Due to <mask>'s high risk profile, he was flown into the prison by helicopter, being the only prisoner in Australia to have arrived directly by air. After serving two years of his current sentence in solitary confinement, he sued the Queensland Government for mistreatment. He was released from solitary confinement in May 2004 and returned there on a Maximum Security Order in April 2006, after he requested medical attention three times in 12 months.

masks: Abbott Abbott Abbott Abbott Abbott Abbott


texts:
 After years in mainstream, <mask> was again returned to Supermax solitary confinement in August 2008 and then released back into mainstream detention in the days preceding a judicial review hearing into his back-to-back Maximum Security Orders, in October 2009. Attempts to transfer
A 1994 warrant for questioning remains in place with Adelaide Criminal Prosecutions Branch for one count of armed robbery in Glenelg, South Australia. In mid-2008, <mask> applied for an interstate transfer to South Australia to address the outstanding warrant. The application followed official statements by Adelaide detective Sid Thomas, in The Advertiser in 2008, that detectives were travelling to Queensland to question <mask> at Woodford Correctional Centre, although no such interview has ever occurred.In December 2010, <mask>'s application for a South Australian transfer was approved by the Queensland Attorney-General, and the South Australian Attorney-General's decision is pending. On 12 June 2011, The Advertiser reporter Nigel Hunt incorrectly reported that <mask> had filed for a Supreme Court Judicial Review regarding the application to transfer to face the charges. Hunt's story concludes with an unnamed source's suspicions that <mask> could have committed not just the one he is sought for questioning over, but multiple robberies in South Australia. During <mask>'s Queensland sentence, Western Australia twice refused <mask>'s transfer applications in 2005 and 2008 to return to the state to complete his sentence. In 2004 Queensland authorities approved an interstate transfer but Western Australian Attorney-General Jim McGinty refused to accept him. In early 2007, <mask> re-applied to be transferred to Western Australia and that was approved by the Queensland Attorney-General in 2008. However, former WA Corrective Services Minister, Margaret Quirk, promptly released a media statement rejecting <mask>'s bid to return home.<mask> had unsuccessfully applied for transfer to Western Australia four times in response to outstanding

masks: Abbott Abbott Abbott Abbott Abbott Abbott Abbott Abbott Abbott Abbott Abbott


texts:
 warrants. In May 2010, Glenn Cordingley of The Sunday Times in Perth, cited an unnamed Western Australian police source who alleged that WA authorities "had a cell waiting" for <mask>, although there had been no official confirmation of such. On 4 May 2016, <mask> was extradited to a prison in Western Australia to serve out his sentence of 16 years, nine months and two days that he was serving for armed robberies and his role in the Fremantle Prison riot at the time of his escape in 1989 (12 years, six months and 24 days plus an additional one-third additional penalty of four years, two months and eight days in forfeited remissions for escaping custody under the law then extant). On 16 January 2017, <mask> was sentenced to an additional five months' imprisonment for the 1989 escape. In June 2019 <mask> had his latest bid for freedom unanimously rejected by the Court of Appeal. Lawyers argued the sentence should be reduced because he already spent 17 years in a Queensland jail for other crimes committed before he escaped Fremantle Prison in 1989. The court said the original sentences were appropriate and it would not intervene on the basis of mercy and noted <mask> deliberately committed crimes that led to his imprisonment in Queensland.He will be eligible for parole in Western Australia in July 2026, and his Western Australia sentence will expire in July 2033. If no further charges are laid against him, he will remain on parole in Queensland until July 2040, when he will be 78 years of age. See also

Fremantle Prison riot

References

AAP, Postcard bandit denied computer, Sydney Morning Herald, 8 March 2006
Pedley, Derek, Australian Outlaw – The True Story of Postcard Bandit <mask> <mask>, Sly Ink, 2006. Pedley, Derek, No Fixed Address – The Hunt for <mask> <mask>, HarperCollins Australia, 1999. 1962 births
Australian bank robbers
Australian escapees
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Escapees from Queensland detention
Criminals from Melbourne
Escapees from Western Australian detention
People

masks:
Abbott
Abbott
Abbott
Abbott
Abbott
Brenden
Abbott
Brenden
James Abbott


texts:
<mask> (2 November 1884 – 31 May 1931) was a Finnish architect and inventor. He is known especially for the Savonius wind turbine, which he invented in 1924. Life and work

<mask> was born in Hämeenlinna, Grand Duchy of Finland, to <mask> (1856–1906) and his wife Anna Elisabeth née Rydman (1859–1921). He was one of three sons, together with his brothers Maximilian Lars Helge and Odert Albin. As a young man he enjoyed experimenting with explosives. One such experiment, an attempt to mix red phosphorus with a knife and fork, cost him two fingers and the sight in his right eye. <mask> graduated from secondary school in Helsinki in 1901.Although he had originally planned to become an engineer, he decided to study architecture and graduated in 1906 with a degree in architecture from Helsinki Polytechnic. Nevertheless, he usually referred to himself as an engineer and occupied himself mainly with technical projects. He met his future wife, the Englishwoman Mary Appleyard (born 1884), through his brothers, who were students in her English class. He and his wife had seven children: four daughters (Moira Angela Hjördis (born 1914), Ann-Mari, Mary Henrietta and Gustava Elisabeth) and three sons (Klas Albin, Mark Adrian Briggs and <mask> (born 1916), who died in hospital on 8 March 1940 from wounds sustained in the Winter War). The family's house was in the town of Ingå in Southern Finland, which <mask> designed himself. On 8 October 1920 <mask> founded Savonius & Company, with his wife as a shareholder. Seven years after graduating from the polytechnic, he registered his first patent, for a snow melting device to produce drinking water from snow, and in

masks:
Sigurd Johannes Savonius
Savonius
Albin Laurentius Johannes Savonius
Savonius
Johannes Anthony
Savonius
Savonius


texts: 1920 he patented an optimized version of the device.In 1921, he patented a cooking device for rock fireplaces. In the early 1920s, <mask> concentrated especially on the control of air flows and the use of wind power. In 1923, his attention was attracted by a rotor ship built by the German engineer Anton Flettner. The ship was propelled by two large cylindrical rotorsails, which stood as tall as masts and were rotated by an engine. The idea was to take advantage of the Magnus effect: the perpendicular force exerted on the enclosed cylinders as they spun at greater than wind speed. <mask> wondered whether the ship could be driven by a rotor apparatus operating by wind power alone, without the aid of an engine. He met with Flettner in the offices of his firm, Savonius & Company, on Lönnrotinkatu Street in Helsinki, and the two engineers conducted experiments there.By early 1924, <mask> had developed a rotor with a cylinder open to the airflow. The two oppositely arranged vanes in this cylinder produced a high rotor torque that could be used directly for energy production. It is not known whether he succeeded in propelling a ship primarily through the Magnus effect, as originally intended. But a short biography of <mask> has suggested that such an application could well be possible, provided that a technical solution is found to convert the rotational motion of the cylinders into thrust. This suggests a successful outcome for his research into the rotor as a suitable mechanism for ship propulsion. Savonius-like rotor kites demonstrate that the operating principle is useful and that in principle the rotor makes the Magnus effect available. This

masks: Savonius Savonius Savonius Savonius


texts:
 invention for the use of wind energy was patented in Finland in 1926 and later in many other countries.The name "Savonius-Rotor", under which the invention is still known today, was bestowed by the German patent authorities. In the same year that the Finnish patent was granted, <mask> published his book The wing-rotor in theory and practice. In addition to his eponymous rotor, <mask> also filed patents for inventions such as a wind turbine with autonomously regulated rotational speed, a system for light displays and showcases, and a ventilation system based on his rotor. <mask>’ interest in wind flows ultimately became his undoing. He caught a chill in the wind tunnel that he had built on the premises of his business (Finland’s first wind tunnel) and died from the resulting pneumonia at the age of 46. His brother Odert took over the company and expanded its offerings. The patent for the ventilation system was acquired by Flettner’s firm Flettner Ventilator Limited, which continues to manufacture modern derivatives in Britain.dgl. ", German Patent DE000000512187A, 10 November 1930
 "Durch Luftströmung angetriebene Vorrichtung zur Ventilation von geschlossenen Räumen oder zur Verbesserung, bezw. Erhaltung eines Schornsteinzuges. ", Swiss Patent CH000000147730A, 30 June 1931

Publications
 The wing-rotor in theory and practice. Reprint of edition Helsingfors, 1926, (Omnia-Mikrofilm-Technik), Munich, ca. 1981 (pdf: 11.80 MB)

Notes and references

External links

 Posters with pictures from <mask>' life (Finnish) (PDF, 4.65 MB)

Finnish inventors
People associated with wind power
20th-century Finnish engineers
1884 births
1931 deaths
20th-century


texts:
<mask> (, ; born 22 January 1967) is a former Romanian artistic gymnast who won 20 Olympic, world and continental medals. <mask> won gold medals in the 1984 Olympics in three individual events (vault, balance beam (tie), and floor exercise), won the all-around silver medal, and contributed to the team gold. With her four gold medals and a silver medal, <mask> was the most successful athlete at the 1984 Summer Olympics. Afterwards, she led her team to the world title at the 1987 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships, defeating the USSR in the team competition for only the second time in the history of the competition. In 2000, <mask> was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame. Early life and career
An ethnic Hungarian from Transylvania, she was named Katalin, which was later changed  to Ecaterina by the Communists to try to hide her Hungarian background. <mask>'s first language is Hungarian.She started gymnastics in 1973 at the Gymnastics School in Oneşti with coaches Maria Cosma and Mihai Agoston. Later she trained with Márta and Béla Károlyi. After the Károlyis' defection to the United States in 1981, she was coached by Adrian Goreac, Adrian Stan and Maria Cosma at Cetate Deva. She enjoyed tremendous success as a junior. <mask> became the first gymnast to win two Junior European all-around titles, competing against Lavinia Agache and Natalia Ilienko (in 1980) and Olga Mostepanova and Yelena Shushunova (in 1982). Individually, in 1980 she won gold on vault, beam and floor and placed fourth on uneven bars and in 1982 she won gold on vault and floor, silver on uneven bars and placed fourth on balance beam. Senior career

1983
Szabo's first major international event was the 1983 European Championships in Goteborg.There she won gold on floor and uneven bars, silver on vault and bronze (tie) all around. At the 1983

masks:
Ecaterina Szabo
Szabo
Szabo
Szabo
Szabo
Szabo


texts:
 World Championships she placed third all around after Olga Mostepanova and Natalia Yurchenko. In this event she scored two perfect tens, one on floor and one on vault. In addition to her all around bronze she won gold on floor and silver on vault and uneven bars. She did not qualify for the beam finals. She also contributed heavily to the team silver medal by scoring perfect tens on floor and uneven bars in the team optional. 1984 Olympics

In response to the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, 14 Eastern Bloc countries and allies including the Soviet Union, Cuba and East Germany (but not Romania) boycotted the Games.In the absence of the Soviet competitors, <mask> entered the competition as the favourite. Even with the Soviets competing, <mask> would have been a strong contender. While preparing for the Olympics, <mask> scored a perfect 40.0 for her compulsory exercises at a dual meet held in Czechoslovakia. During the team section of the Olympic Games <mask> performed strongly, leading her team to their first Olympic title and qualifying second into the all-around (mainly due to a fall on bars in the team finals) and into three of the four event finals (vault, beam, and floor). <mask> was a heavy favorite to win to the all-around title and was dubbed "the next Nadia", after Nadia Comăneci. In the all-around competition, however, she lost the title by .05 to Mary Lou Retton and received the silver medal. Despite the second-place finish, she posted the highest cumulative score, which would have given her the title if the competition were held under the New Life rule.However, she had a strong comeback in the event finals, winning three gold medals on the three event finals she had qualified for; vault, beam and floor. Despite personal disappointment for not winning the all-around title, <mask> returned home to

masks: Szabo Szabo Szabo Szabo Szabo Szabo


texts:
 Romania a heroine. Later that year, she was elected the most successful athlete of the year in Romania. After the 1984 Olympics
1985 was a disappointing year for the multiple Olympic champion. At the 1985 European Championships <mask> placed sixth on beam and floor, fifth all around and did not qualify in the uneven bars finals. However, she managed to win a silver medal on vault. Later that year she had a similar showing at the 1985 World Championships; she placed fifth all around, fourth on floor, sixth on uneven bars.She left the competition with silver medals on beam, vault and with the team. But in 1987, <mask>'s hard work paid off. As a member of the tremendously successful Romanian team (five gold, one silver and four bronze) at the 1987 World Championships, <mask> and her teammates dealt a crushing defeat to the Soviets, winning the gold medal in the team event. Individually, she tied for bronze on beam with Svetlana Boginskaya and placed 14th all around. Post-retirement
After the 1987 Worlds <mask> retired from artistic gymnastics and she went to study at the University of Physical and Sports Education in Bucharest. After graduation, she worked as a coach at Deva where she trained among others Nadia Haţegan, Andreea Cacovean, and the 1999 World Champion Maria Olaru. In June 1991, <mask> married Christian Tamas, a former member of Romania's kayak team.The two later had two sons named Lorenzo and Zeno. In 1992, the family left Romania and settled in Chamalieres, France where she now works as a coach. In 2005, she was featured in a two-part documentary series titled Székely sportolók Kelettől Nyugatig (Székely Athletes from East to West). The 30-minute portrait film about <mask> was captioned A zágoni üstökös (The Comet of Zagon). A kindergarten in her hometown of Zagon, the Szabó Kati Óvoda, bears her name since 2007. In


texts:
 2008, the sports hall of Sfântu Gheorghe was renamed in the honor of the four-time Olympic champion. Skills
A strong all-arounder with artistic sensibilities, <mask> had a clean form in execution and was rewarded 17 scores of perfect ten between 1983 and 1984.Her skills included a tucked backward salto with a full twist on beam (e.g. 1982 Ennia Cup). On floor she performed difficult passes such as 1½ twist back salto to 1½ twist back salto, punch front or 1½ twist back salto to 1½ twist back salto, salto forward 1/2, punch front. She also mounted floor exercise with a double back flip with a full twist in a piked position. At the 1983 Worlds and 1984 Olympic Games Event Finals she also dismounted with a double back flip with a full twist in a tuck position which was unheard of. Most gymnasts at the time did not even mount with this move. This cemented the Olympic title in the Floor Exercise for her in which she received a perfect 10.0 for the exercise beating both Julianne McNamara and Mary Lou Retton for the gold medal.See also

List of multiple Olympic gold medalists at a single Games
List of Olympic female gymnasts for Romania
List of top Olympic gymnastics medalists
List of top medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships

References

External links

Whatever Happened to Ekaterina Szabo? List of competitive results at Gymn Forum
Ecaterina Szabo profile at GymnStands

1967 births
Living people
People from Covasna County
Romanian female artistic gymnasts
Romanian sportspeople of Hungarian descent
Székely people
Olympic gymnasts of Romania
Olympic gold medalists for Romania
Olympic silver medalists for Romania
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Gymnasts at the 1984 Summer Olympics
World champion gymnasts
Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
European champions in gymnastics
Medalists at the 1984 Summer


texts:
<mask> (19 December 1939 – 15 September 2021) was a French stage director, actor and playwright. He was associated with the La Tempete company in Paris. Actor
<mask> appeared in the 1959 war film, Green Harvest. Playwright
<mask> began to write plays in the late 1960s. In 1967, La Baye was staged by Antoine Bourseiller, featuring Jean-Pierre Léaud and Suzanne Flon. It was staged again in 1997 by Laurent Pelly. La Baye had elements of disorder which would be reflected in <mask>'s later work.<mask>'s play, Le Défi de Molière (1979) was dedicated to Moliere. <mask> has co-written two plays with Jean-Louis Bauer. The first, Bug! creates a dream-journey through memory, current scientific and artistic issues, to provide an overview of civilization. The second, La Grande Nouvelle, is a contemporary variation on Le Malade imaginaire, which plays on the ironies of the present-day desire for immortality. Director
<mask>'s directorial career began in the 1970s. He conducted experimental workshops such as L’excès, a work adapted from Georges Bataille; L’oeil de la tête—effet Sade (which he revisited in 1989 with Enzo Cormann’s text Sade, concert d’enfers); Le Pupille veut être tuteur by Peter Handke; and La Résistance.<mask> directed Molière's works, Dom Juan and George Dandin in Germany. In the early 1980s, <mask> directed works by Alfred Jarry (Ubu roi and Ubu cocu) and Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz (La poule d’eau) At this time, <mask>'s direction desired

masks:
Philippe Adrien
Adrien
Adrien
Adrien
Adrien
Adrien
Adrien
Adrien
Adrien
Adrien


texts: to liberate and provoke. He saw theatre as the scenic transcription of thought processes. In Une Visite, adapted from Franz Kafka's L'Amerique, <mask>'s direction showed screwball comedic and jubilatory elements. He also directed Kafka's Rêves. In 1981, <mask> was named Director of the Théâtre des Quartiers d’Ivry, replacing Antoine Vitez. There, <mask> presented Monsieur de Pourceaugnac (Molière), Homme pour homme (Bertolt Brecht), La Funeste Passion du professeur Forenstein (Adrien), and La Mission (Heiner Müller) .In 1983, <mask> was invited to La Comédie-Française to direct Molière’s Amphitryon and Le Médecin Volant. He worked with the same troupe to produce Jean-Claude Grumberg’s Maman revient, pauvre orphelin, Véronique Olmi’s Point à la ligne, Hugo von Hofmannsthal’s L’Incorruptible, Molière’s Monsieur de Pourceaugnac, Werner Schwab’s Extermination du peuple, Tom Stoppard’s Arcadia, and Genet’s Les Bonnes. in this time, <mask> directed two productions of Tennessee Williams: Un tramway nommé désir, with Caroline Cellier, at the Théâtre Eldorado, then Doux oiseau de jeunesse, with Claudia Cardinale, at the Théâtre de la Madeleine. In 1985, <mask> founded the L'Atelier de Recherche et de Réalisation Théâtrale. In the 1980s and 1990s, <mask> directed the works of authors including Shakespeare (Hamlet, then Le Roi Lear), Marivaux (Les Acteurs de bonne foi and La Méprise), Claudel (L’Annonce faite à Marie), Brecht (La Noce chez les petits

masks: Adrien Adrien Adrien Adrien Adrien Adrien Adrien


texts: bourgeois), Beckett (En attendant Godot), Vitrac (Victor ou les enfants au pouvoir), Gombrowicz (Yvonne, princesse de Bourgogne), Copi (L’Homosexuel ou la difficulté de s'exprimer), and Armando Llamas (Meurtres de la princesse juive). In 1993, Adrien directed Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot at the Théâtre de la Tempête. In 1997, Adrien directed Arnold Bedouet's Kinkale at the Théâtre National de la Colline.The production received the award for best new play and the award for the best playwright at the Moliere Awards of that year. He went on to direct <mask>’s Mélédouman and Le Projet Conrad, an adaptation of the short story Un Avant-poste du progrès. <mask>'s interest in African works continued with Boesman et Lena, by the South-African playwright Athol Fugard in 2014 and a stage production of Amos Tutuola’s novel L’Ivrogne dans la brousse. In 2001, <mask> collaborated with the blind actor, Bruno Netter and Netter's Compagnie du Troisième Oeil, a company of handicapped and normally abled actors. Together, they produced Molière's The Imaginary Invalid, Franz Kafka's The Trial, Sophocles' Oedipus Rex, Miguel de Cervantes' Don Quixote, and  Eugène Ionesco's The Chairs. In 2005, <mask> directed a production of Tennessee Williams's Sweet Bird of Youth, which starred Claudia Cardinale. In 2010, <mask> directed Feydeau's Le Dindon.The production received four nominations at the Molière Awards, toured for three years, and had a revival during the 2014

masks:
Philippe Auger
Adrien
Adrien
Adrien
Adrien