texts:
 last known rulers of Piedras Negras erected their stelae on or near this pyramid and all three of these leaders also revered the site as some sort of dynastic shrine, it is possible that they were Kʼinich Yat <mask> II's sons. In 1997, Héctor Escobedo discovered a tomb (Burial 13) containing the bodies of an adult and two adolescents underneath the plaza floor at the front of the pyramid's frontal stairs. While some believe this to have been the resting place for <mask> <mask> <mask> II, Stephen D. Houston cautions that this has not been conclusively proven.Among the artifacts found within (including pieces of jade and ornaments), archaeologists uncovered evidence that the tomb had been reentered after it was sealed: many bones were missing from the three bodies, and it appeared that the skeletons had been charred by fire sometime after their initial entombment. Scholars eventually concluded that this apparent desecration was actually part of a ritual described on Panel 3 called el naah umukil (the "house-burning at the burial"), and that it was carried out by Kʼinich Yat <mask> II. In terms of architecture, the O-13 Pyramid and the Late Classic Temple of the Inscriptions at Palenque are very similar: both have the same number of substructure terraces, both pyramids' substructures have exactly five doors, and both were built into the sides of hills. Damien Marken and Kirk Straight, use this similarity—as well as inscriptions on stelae at Palenque—to argue that there existed some sort of relationship between Piedras Negras and Palenque. References

Bibliography

Kings of Piedras Negras
8th century in the Maya civilization
8th-century monarchs in North America
8th century

masks: Ahk Itzam Kʼan Ahk Ahk


type: original

texts:
<mask>ich <mask> (; , Saint Petersburg9 February 1960, Paris) was a Russian artist, art critic, historian, preservationist and founding member of Mir iskusstva (World of Art), an art movement and magazine. As a designer for the Ballets Russes under Sergei Diaghilev, Benois exerted what is considered a seminal influence on the modern ballet and stage design. Early life and education
<mask> was born into the artistic and intellectual <mask> family, prominent members of the 19th- and early 20th-century Russian intelligentsia. His mother Camilla (Russian: Камилла Альбертовна Кавос, and then Бенуа) was the granddaughter of Catterino Cavos. His father was <mask>, a noted Russian architect. His brothers included Albert, a painter, and Leon, also a notable architect. His sister, Maria, married the composer and conductor Nikolai Tcherepnin (with whom <mask> would work).Not planning a career in the arts, <mask> graduated from the Faculty of Law, Saint Petersburg Imperial University, in 1894. Entry into art career

Three years later while in Versailles, <mask> painted a series of watercolors depicting Last Promenades of Louis XIV. When exhibited by Pavel Tretyakov in 1897, they brought him to attention of Sergei Diaghilev and the artist Léon Bakst. Together the three men founded the art magazine and movement Mir iskusstva (World of Art), which promoted the Aesthetic Movement and Art Nouveau in Russia. During the first decade of the new century, <mask> continued to edit Mir iskusstva, but also pursued his scholarly and artistic interests. He wrote and published several monographs on 19th-century Russian art and Tsarskoye Selo. In 1903, <mask> printed his illustrations to Pushkin's poem The Bronze Horseman, a work since recognized as one of the landmarks in the genre.In 1904, he published his "Alphabet in Pictures", at once a children's primer and elaborate art book, copies of which fetch as much as $10,000US at auction. Illustrations from this volume were featured at a video presentation during the opening ceremony of the Winter Olympics

masks:
Alexandre Nikolayev
Benois
Alexandre
Benois
Nicholas Benois
Alexandre
Alexandre
Benois
Benois
Benois


texts:
 in Sochi in 2014. In 1901, <mask> was appointed scenic director of the Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg, the performance space for the Imperial Russian Ballet. He moved to Paris in 1905 and thereafter devoted most of his time to stage design and decor. During these years, his work with Diaghilev's Ballets Russes was groundbreaking. His sets and costumes for the productions of Les Sylphides (1909), Giselle (1910), and Petrushka (1911), are counted among his greatest triumphs. Although <mask> worked primarily with the Ballets Russes, he also collaborated with the Moscow Art Theatre and other notable theatres of Europe.Surviving the upheaval of the Russian Revolution of 1917, <mask> achieved recognition for his scholarship; he was selected as curator of the gallery of Old Masters in the Hermitage Museum at Leningrad, where he served from 1918 to 1926. During this time he secured his brother's heirloom Leonardo da Vinci painting of the Madonna for the museum. It became known as the Madonna Benois. <mask> published his Memoirs in two volumes in 1955. In 1927 he left Russia and settled in Paris. He worked primarily as a set designer after settling in France. Family

In 1894, <mask> married  from a renowned Russian music family.They first met in 1876 when <mask> was learning music from the family patriarch, Karl Ivanovich Kind (who came to Russia in 1850s by the invitation of Nicholas I of Russia to be the royal court's first string violinist). Anna and <mask> were married for 60 years and are buried together at Batignolles Cemetery in Paris. <mask> played a central role in the Russian artistic community both before and after the Revolution. Anna was always by his side. Her presence was positively remembered in the artistic circles with several mentions by artist like Mstislav Dobuzhinsky. She was a model painted by Léon Bakst, Valentin Serov, Zinaida Serebriakova, and others. Notable family members include:

 <mask>'s son, Nicola Alexandrovich <mask> (also known as <mask>), was born in 1901, and went on to become a celebrated

masks:
Benois
Benois
Benois
Benois
Alexandre
Alexandre
Alexandre
Alexandre
Alexandre
Benois
Nikolai Benois


texts:
 opera designer, creating costumes and sets for opera companies all over the world.<mask>'s nephew, Nikolai Albertovich <mask>, married the opera singer Maria Nikolaevna Kuznetsova. <mask> was also the uncle of Eugene Lanceray and Zinaida Serebriakova, who became recognized Russian artists, and one of the great-uncles of the British actor Sir Peter Ustinov. <mask> was the cousin of Hans von Bartels, of the Alsace Lorraine Bartels. Benois biography contains an entire chapter dedicated to Hans von Bartels. He has a great-great granddaughter living in Moscow, called Maria. See also
Benois family

Works

Cultural depictions
 Anna Pavlova, film by Emil Loteanu; portrayed by Anatoli Romashin (1983). See also

 List of Russian artists

References

Bibliography
Katerina Clark, Petersburg: Crucible of the Cultural Revolution (Cambridge, MA, 1995).John E. Bowlt, The Silver Age: Russian Art of the Early Twentieth Century and the 'World of Art' Group (Newtonville, MA, 1982). Janet Kennedy, The Mir Iskusstva Group and Russian Art, 1898-1912 (New York, 1978). Sergei Makovskii, Stranitsy khudozhestvennoi kritiki – Kniga vtoraia: Sovremennye Russkie khudozhniki (Saint Petersburg, 1909). Gregory Stroud, Retrospective Revolution: A History of Time and Memory in Urban Russia, 1903-1923 (Urbana-Champaign, Illinois: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2006). External links

This <mask>ich <mask> collection contains a skechbook with costume and set designs for Giselle by Adolphe Adam (1924) held by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee Theatre Research Institute, The Ohio State University Libraries. 1870 births
1960 deaths
Alexandre
20th-century Russian painters
Art Nouveau painters
Ballet librettists
Ballet designers
Artists of the Russian Empire
Painters of the Russian Empire
Russian male painters
Painters from Saint Petersburg
People from Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg State University alumni
White Russian emigrants to France
Burials at Batignolles Cemetery
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to France
Russian people of French

masks:
Alexandre
Benois
Alexandre
Alexandre
Alexandre Nikolayev
Benois


texts: <mask><mask> is an Australian-born executive, entrepreneur and scientist. He was a pioneer in the fields of molecular parasitology, especially malaria, and in leading the commercialisation of one of the most important methods used widely today in molecular biology today called “DNA shuffling" or "Molecular breeding", a form of "Directed evolution". His contributions to malaria research over an 18-year period began in Australia at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, then continued as a tenured Principal Investigator at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, MD, USA, and continued at the biotechnology companies DNAX (now Schering-Plough Biopharma) and Affymax in California. Thirteen years of his group's malaria research on antigenic variation in malaria  culminated in the first molecular cloning of the malarial antigen PfEMP1, a parasite protein that this human malaria parasite expresses on the surface of malaria-infected red cells This antigen represents critical biological functions for the parasite including immune evasion and adherence to microvascular endothelial cells. During this time <mask> served on the World Health Organization's Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases and the USAID program for research and vaccine development in malaria. While <mask> was President and Scientific Director at Affymax Research Institute, Willem 'Pim' Stemmer conceived and developed DNA shuffling Technology. This revolutionary technology for improving the expressed phenotype of genes, pathways, plasmids, viruses and genomes gave birth to the creation and spinout of Maxygen Inc. where <mask> was CEO for 12 years (1997-2009).He took the company public in 1999 and led its growth with 10's of corporate partnerships and technology application programs that led

masks:
Russell J
. Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard


texts:
 ultimately to the development and commercialisation worldwide of 10's of Life Science products in diverse fields. Maxygen exploited DNA Shuffling technology across the entire Life Sciences spectrum, creating new companies dedicated to Agricultural Products (Verdia) and Industrial Chemical opportunities (Codexis) as well as a Protein Pharmaceuticals Business (Perseid). In 2008, <mask> left Maxygen to found Oakbio Inc. in 2009. He remains Chairman of Oakbio Inc. (doing business as NovoNutrients Inc.), in Sunnyvale, California, USA. NovoNutrients uses proprietary microbes for CO2 capture from industrial processes. Industrial CO2 emissions are used as sole carbon source and H2 gas as sole energy source to manufacture bacterial biomass, or single cell protein, a source of high quality protein for aquaculture and in future, for human foods . Upon taking up residence in 2012 in Sydney, Australia, <mask> became Executive Chairman of NeuClone Pty.Ltd., a clinical stage biotechnology company dedicated to development of biosimilars of monoclonal antibody drugs. In 2013 <mask> joined Prima Biomed Pty. Ltd., based in Sydney, Berlin and Paris, later renamed Immutep Pty. Ltd., as Non-Executive Director. In 2017 he took the role of Non-Executive Chairman and continues today in this role. Immutep develops novel immuno-oncology and autoimmune drugs based on its LAG3 patent estate. He was Commercial Strategy Advisor at the Garvan Institute of Medical Research's Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics in Sydney, 2015-2018.<mask> has published over 145 scientific publications in refereed journals and is an inventor on nine issued patents. Education
<mask> graduated from Box Hill High School in Melbourne, Australia and later majored in Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of Melbourne, culminating in a PhD in 1975

masks: Howard Howard Howard Howard Howard


texts:
 where he studied the carbohydrate and central metabolism of Caulerpa simpliciuscula, a marine green alga. Employment
He spent his first postdoctoral studies from 1976–1979 at the Immunoparasitology Laboratory at the Walter & Eliza Hall Institute in Melbourne, with frequent visits and collaborative work on sialic acids at the Biochemisches Institut at Christian Albrechts Universitat in Kiel, Germany. He started working as a Research Associate in the Malaria Section of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland before earning his tenure in the same institution in 1987. From 1988 to 1992, he worked at the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases of the DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology in Palo Alto, California, USA, with dual roles, studying cytokine genes for Schering Plough, the parent organisation of DNAX Research Institute, and leading his Infectious Diseases laboratory there on malaria work funded by DNAX and USAID. In 1994, he was named President and Scientific Director of Affymax, Inc. where he managed teams working on small molecule drug lead discovery using combinatorial chemistry and high throughput target screening. His independent malaria work continued at Affymax with support from USAID and Affymax, leading to cloning of the PfEMP1 gene while at Affymax.After Affymax was purchased by GlaxoWellcome, <mask> led technology transfer and interchange in combinatorial chemistry, drug discovery and optimisation between Affymax and GlaxoWellcome worldwide. During this time, Molecular breeding or DNA shuffling Technology was conceived and the nascent company Maxygen Inc. incubated for later spun out from Affymax-GlaxoWellcome. From 1997 to 2009, <mask> worked as Maxygen's CEO, focusing on human, including, protein pharmaceutical drugs and vaccine discovery, as core

masks: Howard Howard


texts:
 business. Non-core businesses were successively incubated, nurtured and spun-out (Codexis) or sold (Verdia). In 2008, he left Maxygen with $200MM in cash, no debt, on-going clinical stage drug development programs and multiple partnerships and licenses with other parties. Following his departure, <mask> started Oakbio, Inc., doing business as NovoNutrients Inc , a privately held Clean Technology company in Sunnyvale, California, USA. NovoNutrients captures CO2 from industrial waste gas streams and uses microbial chemosynthetic systems to capture and convert this carbon resource to protein-rich microbial biomass and valuable chemicals, sequestering a Green House Gas from accumulation in the atmosphere.In 2012 <mask> moved residency from Silicon Valley, California, where he had worked for 25 years, to Sydney, Australia. From Sydney, <mask> acts as Executive Chairman of NeuClone, Non-Executive Chairman of Immutep and Chairman of NovoNutrients. Financing leadership
With <mask> as CEO, Maxygen, Inc. completed its initial public offering of $110MM in 1999, just two years after its spinout from Affymax-GlaxoWellcome. In March 2000, Maxygen raised another $150MM in a Secondary Public Offering. More recently, <mask> and colleagues at NeuClone, Pty. Ltd. raised >$10 MM (AUS) from private investors in Sydney to support development of a portfolio of 10 biosimilar monoclonal antibodies. Recognition & research
<mask> has been awarded three Doctor of Science (honoris causa) degrees, one from the University of Technology, Sydney, Australia in 2004, one from the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia in 2008 and the third from the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia in 2014.He was awarded the inaugural Grimwade Medal for Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of

masks: Howard Howard Howard Howard Howard Howard


texts:
 Melbourne, in 2016. <mask>'s >145 publications tackle topics ranging from the metabolism of the algae Caulerpa simpliciuscula, to the molecular pathogenesis of human cerebral malaria and the role of parasite antigenic variation and infected cell adherence in disease virulence. His papers reflect successful use of the tools of biochemistry, protein chemistry and structure-function, molecular biology, cell biology, large animal studies, and field studies with humans. Patents
<mask> is an inventor on nine patents. At the NIH he patented discovery, characterisation and cloning of a novel gene encoding a soluble malarial antigen, called PfHRP2 that the most lethal human malaria releases into the blood. This discovery led to a rapid, sensitive, inexpensive and reliable diagnostic test for malaria infection that the NIH licensed commercially. This test has been used worldwide for over 15 years.In 1990 and 1995, he and his colleagues at Affymax applied for the patents of antigenic determinants obtained using a pathogenic agent or a derivative that presents a restricted set of antigens, and recombinant DNA clone from Plasmodium falciparum. While working at Maxygen Inc., he and his colleagues developed three patents for the following technologies: antigen library immunisation using polynucleotides encoding flavivirus and alphavirus; multivalent antigenic polypeptides; and optimisation of immunomodulatory properties of genetic vaccines

Selected references and publications

External links
 Affymax Research Institute
 Maxygen, Inc.
 Oakbio, Inc.
 NeuClone Pty. Ltd.
 Prima Biomed Pty. Ltd
 Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, The Garvan Institute

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Australian scientists
Australian businesspeople
Garvan Institute of Medical Research alumni
Malariologists
WEHI


texts: <mask>nagar administration as well as in peacetime. A former Carnegie Fellow in International Peace and Rockefeller Foundation Scholar and Research Fellow, he has been described as "soft-spoken and scholarly" and "a lesson for all diplomats". Exceptionally for a Bengali-born diplomat, he rose to the most senior ranks of public service in Pakistan. Then at the time Bangladesh began seeking independence, he spectacularly defected and changed sides to support the fledgling country of Bangladesh – a major propaganda coup and morale boost for the cause of Bangladeshi liberation given his stature in Pakistan's hierarchy. <mask> was automatically the highest-ranked and most senior foreign service officer in the new country. His story was later documented in a National Geographic documentary, Running for Freedom.Following his death he was described by a former colleague and successor Foreign Secretary as "a great and brave freedom fighter" who was at the same time "remarkably reticent about his contributions", a "soft-spoken and scholarly diplomat" whose service to the Bangladeshi independence cause at a critical period was "invaluable" and "a lesson for all diplomats. His outstanding professional skill and deep sense of patriotism should be a shining example". The Foreign Minister of Bangladesh Dipu Moni talked about his "contribution to self-right movements of people, country's independence struggle and managing assistance to war-ravaged country after independence." She also cited his "outstanding career", stating that he would be "always remembered for his contribution to the country's liberation" war. Although rarely in the public eye, Fateh was a distinguished figure in the history of post-Second World War, post-colonial diplomacy, a public servant who was a leading light behind the scenes within the Developing World and Non Aligned Conference, including the Commonwealth, with a significant tour of duty in Washington D.C. at the height of the Cold War. In

masks:
Abul Fatehb
Fateh


texts:
 the West too <mask> came to be held in the highest regard, a rare joint U.S./U.K. intelligence assessment remarking in 1977 that he was: "very able, highly intelligent, moderate, easy to deal with, and well informed".At the launch of his university's South Asia Centre in 2015, the President and Director of the London School of Economics Professor Craig Calhoun included Fateh in a list of a dozen public figures of the 20th century who he felt represented "the greatest fruits" of the "close mutual relations between South Asia and the LSE". Biography

Early life and education
Fateh was born in Kishoreganj on 16 May 1924 in a landowning family, to Abdul Gafur and his second wife Zohra Khatun. Fateh was a middle child, in a large family of a dozen children who survived to adulthood, while two other siblings died young. His father Abdul Gafur had attended Presidency College, Calcutta, and was one of the first Muslim daroga (sheriffs) in British India. Fateh's mother Zohra was the daughter of a local nobleman. Fateh passed his matriculation exams from Ramkrishna High English School in Kishorganj in 1941. After passing his Intermediate exams from Ananda Mohan College in Mymensingh in 1943, he undertook higher studies in English Literature at Dhaka University (BA Honours in 1946 and MA in 1947) where he also excelled in sport, for a time captaining the cricket team and becoming the table tennis champion.Pakistani diplomat
While teaching English Literature at Brindaban College in Sylhet, he took the first Foreign Service exams of Pakistan (1948), before teaching English Literature for a few months at Michael Madhusudhan Datta College in Jessore. He joined the first batch of Pakistan Foreign Service trainees in 1949, moving to Karachi. Soon after he left for training in London, which included taking a special course at the London School of Economics, before he moved in 1950 to Paris to complete his training. Returning briefly to Karachi, he was sent back (1951)


texts:
 to Paris as Third Secretary in the Pakistan Embassy. A further posting as Third Secretary followed in Calcutta (1953–1956). During this time he married, at Rangpur on 5 January 1956, Mahfuza Banu of Dhubri, Assam daughter of Shahabuddin Ahmed, a respected lawyer and Mashudaa Banu a well known social campaigner. Then promoted to Second Secretary, he served in the Pakistan Embassy in Washington, D.C. from 1956 to 1960, during which time he and his wife had their two sons, one of whom, Aladin, is a strategy consultant, academic, artist and Editor Emeritus of the Bangladeshi news organisation Bdnews24.<mask> was a Director attached to the Foreign Ministry in Karachi from 1960 to 1963, during which time he was founding Director of Pakistan's Foreign Service Academy in Lahore and also went for a year and a half (1962–1963) to Geneva as a Fellow of the Graduate Institute of International Studies (Institut Universitaire de Hautes Etudes Internationales) under a Carnegie fellowship. Further foreign postings followed. He was First Secretary (and latterly acting chief of mission) in Prague from 1965 to 1966, Counsellor in New Delhi from 1966 to 1967, and Deputy High Commissioner in Calcutta from 1968 to 1970. He received his first posting as ambassador, at the Pakistan Embassy in Baghdad, in 1970. Bangladeshi independence

After the Pakistani military crackdown in March 1971, Fateh received a request from a former university dormitory mate, Syed Nazrul Islam, now Acting President in the Bangladesh government-in-exile, to join the liberation struggle. At about the same time, in July 1971, <mask> received a summons from the Pakistan Foreign Ministry to attend a conference in Tehran of regional Pakistani ambassadors. He chose to take his official car ostensibly to drive to Tehran but, as he and his driver approached the Iran–Iraq border, he feigned chest pains and ordered the driver to return him home, where he arrived that evening.Saying that he would take a plane

masks: Fateh Fateh


texts: the next day, he dismissed the driver. That night, he fled with his wife and sons across the border into Kuwait, where they were assisted by officials attached to the local Indian Embassy to take a plane to London. The announcement of <mask>'s defection to the Bangladesh cause marked the first time a full ambassador had joined the fledgling Bangladesh diplomatic service. The news was received with fury by the military regime in Islamabad, duped by what was later described as a "cool and calculated James Bond-type adventure" and a calculated plunge into danger. It was a dramatic defection which created sensation in diplomatic circles and greatly boosted the morale of those engaged in the war of liberation. The Yahya Khan military regime in Pakistan was furious and requested the British Government to extradite Fateh from London, but the requests were rebuffed by the British Government. These events were chronicled in a 2003 National Geographic Channel television documentary, Running for Freedom.The Mujibnagar government made him ambassador-at-large, followed in August 1971 by the concurrent position of Advisor to the Acting President, a position he was to resign in January 1972 after the return to Bangladesh of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. He had a key role managing relations with the United States and India whilst heading the nascent country's diplomatic service. As the senior-most diplomat of the Bangladesh movement in the United Nations delegation under Justice Abu Sayed Choudhury which was in New York in September 1971 to lobby for the Bangladesh cause at the General Assembly, he played a vital role in the delegation's lobbying efforts. He was also in communication with other governments, such as the Nixon administration in the United States and also with Senators, Congressmen, and high officials in the US Administration, World Bank, and IMF; he had the advantage as well of being familiar with decision-makers and the decision-making process


texts:
 having served as a diplomat in Washington 20 years earlier. Former colleague Syed Muazzem Ali described him as a "soft-spoken and scholarly diplomat" who was exceptional in articulating the cause and whose contributions were invaluable. He was one of the first high officials to reach Dhaka after its liberation, and was quartered with other senior officials in Bangabhaban until January 1972. He was also the highest Bangladeshi official in Dhaka until the acting president and cabinet arrived after independence; on his arrival in Dhaka he was driven under escort from the airport, becoming the first civilian official to lay a wreath at the ruins of the Shaheed Minar, an act planned to mark the first presence of the government in Dhaka.Already the effective head of the incipient foreign service, he became Foreign Secretary at the end of 1971, playing a key role in formulating Bangladesh's foreign policy. Bangladeshi ambassador
He then took up the position of Bangladesh's first Ambassador in Paris (1972–1976). The early part of this posting involved extensive travel in Africa to persuade African governments to recognise the independence of Bangladesh. In 1973 he represented Bangladesh at a Commonwealth conference for Youth Ministers in Lusaka. In 1975 he went to Morocco and, at a time of a shortage in supply of phosphates, managed to secure a substantial phosphate shipment for Bangladesh. In mid-1975 he was selected to be High Commissioner in the UK, which post he took up in early 1976. His two years in London (1976–1977) saw him Chairing the Commonwealth Conference on Human Ecology and Development and the Bangladesh government approved his recommendation that dual citizenship be permitted.Many people from Bangladesh were settled in the UK, whose remittances into Bangladesh were an important source of foreign exchange. He pointed out that to oblige them to forgo Bangladesh citizenship if they took up the benefits of British nationality was not conducive to


texts:
 the continued maintenance of their ties to the mother country. His last post was as ambassador in Algiers (1977–1982). He represented the Bangladesh government at conferences on Namibia in Algiers of the United Nations (1980) and the Non Aligned Conference (1981). He retired from that post in 1982. Fateh became a casualty of Bangladesh's complex and shifting political landscape towards the end of his career. As he was closely identified with Bangladesh's initial, Liberation War era administration Fateh was not favoured by the military-backed regimes which followed it.Contemporary historians have characterised his Ambassadorial assignment to Algeria as a premature transfer and a virtual exile in a diplomatic post which was a relative back-water. One commentator voicing the widely held belief that <mask> was "a victim of conspiracy hatched against him by anti-liberation forces. Retirement
Retiring in 1982, he lived with his wife Mahfuza <mask> in Dhaka for ten years before they settled in London to be near their sons. Death and honours at funeral
<mask> died in London of natural causes at 0745 on 4 December 2010. A Sufi, he once cited a few of the axioms according to which he led his life: "Do not speak anything that you do not yourself know to be true." "Speak in the spirit of offering, without the need to draw attention to yourself." "You should stand up when it matters."Fateh was buried with Bangladesh State Honours at Hendon Cemetery, London on 7 December 2010

The Bangladesh Government was represented by His Excellency the Bangladesh High Commissioner Professor Mohammad Sayeedur Rahman Khan Khan who delivered a homily which spoke of the Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina's devastation at the news of Ambassador <mask>'s death, conveyed the condolences of Foreign Minister Dipu Moni and spoke of the highest standard of public service that Mr. Fateh's conduct and career represented. In consideration of the esteem of the Bangladesh government and its people

masks: Fateh Fateh Fateh Fateh


texts:
 for Ambassador Fateh, the High Commissioner had personally brought the flag of Bangladesh to be draped over the coffin so that Mr. Fateh could briefly lie in state before his interring. Justice of the Supreme Court the Right Honorable Syed Refaat Ahmed also spoke at the event about Fateh's humility and self-effacement in all contexts, against the backdrop of an enormous contribution to the public and civic life of the country. A few days later at the Qul Khwani and non-denominational Sufi service on 11 December 2010, Murad Qureshi, Member of the London Assembly at London's City Hall, spoke, reminding those gathered that Fateh father chose to stand and be counted during the 1971 war in quite fraught circumstances. The Sufi Order established by Inayat Khan, whose son Vilayat Inayat Khan was a friend of <mask>, arranged a non-denominational Sufi Service. Pir Vilayat Khan's son Pir Zia Khan sent a personal message, which also stated: "<mask> <mask> Sahib has lived a life of honour and service and is a mystic in spirit"

All media in Bangladesh carried extensive notices about the death of the country's most distinguished diplomat. Honours
Carnegie Foundation Fellow in International Peace.Rockefeller Foundation Scholar
Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II's Silver Jubilee Medal, 1975
Bangladesh Government State Honours at Funeral

See also

 History of Bangladesh
 List of Bangladeshis
 British Bangladeshi
 List of British Bangladeshis

References

1924 births
2010 deaths
Bangladeshi Muslims
Sunni Sufis
Bangladeshi diplomats
Ambassadors of Pakistan to Iraq
Ambassadors of Bangladesh to France
Ambassadors of Bangladesh to Algeria
High Commissioners of Bangladesh to the United Kingdom
Bangladeshi emigrants to England
University of Dhaka alumni
Alumni of the London School of Economics
Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni
Foreign Secretaries of Bangladesh
Deputy Speakers of the National Assembly of Pakistan
People from Kishoreganj

masks: Abul Abul Fateh


texts:
<mask> (born July 9, 1987) is an American animator, director, screenwriter, producer, and singer-songwriter. She is the creator of the Cartoon Network series Steven Universe, making her the first non-binary person to independently create a series for the network. Until 2013, <mask> was a writer and storyboard artist on the animated television series Adventure Time. Her work on the two series has earned her seven Primetime Emmy Award nominations. <mask> is bisexual, non-binary, and genderqueer, using both she/her and they/them pronouns. <mask>'s queerness has served as the inspiration for her to stress the importance of LGBT representation in art, especially in children's entertainment. Early life
<mask> was raised in the Sligo Park Hills area of Silver Spring, Maryland.She simultaneously attended Montgomery Blair High School and the Visual Arts Center at Albert Einstein High School (where she was an arts semifinalist in the Presidential Scholar competition, and won Montgomery County's prestigious Ida F. Haimovicz Visual Arts Award), both of which are located in Maryland. While at Blair, she drew several comics (called "The Strip" for the school's newspaper, Silver Chips) which won first place for comics in the Newspaper Individual Writing and Editing Contest. "The Strip" ran a comic challenging MCPS's new grading policy from 2005. She went on to attend the School of Visual Arts in New York. According to <mask>'s father Rob, <mask> and her younger brother Steven were raised with what he called "Jewish sensibilities", and both siblings observe the lighting of Hanukkah candles with their parents via Skype. Career

Early work
During her time at the School of Visual Arts, <mask> directed short animated films, including Johnny Noodleneck (2008). In 2009, she wrote and animated Singles, in which frequent collaborator Ian

masks:
Rebecca Rea Sugar
Sugar
Sugar
Sugar
Sugar
Sugar
Rebecca Sugar
Sugar


texts:
 Jones-Quartey acted as an assistant animator, assistant inker and voice actor on the project, while <mask>'s brother <mask> acted as an assistant colorist.<mask> completed this film as her thesis. <mask> also played an important role in the creation of nockFORCE, a cartoon series created by Ian Jones-Quartey and Jim Gisriel and launched in 2007 on YouTube. In particular, she contributed to the cartoon's backgrounds and characters. In 2010, <mask> published her first graphic novel, Pug Davis, featuring an astronaut dog and his gay sidekick Blouse. She is also known for her comic "Don't Cry for Me, I'm Already Dead", a story about two brothers whose shared love of The Simpsons takes a tragic turn. Television
<mask> first joined the crew of Adventure Time as a storyboard revisionist during the show's first season. Due to the quality of her work, within a month of being hired she was promoted to a storyboard artist, making her debut during the production of the second season.Her first episode was "It Came from the Nightosphere". While working on the show, she was encouraged by the creative team to put her "own life experiences into the character of Marceline". As she put it in an interview with Paper Magazine, she connected with indie and underground comic artists who worked on the show, like Pendleton Ward, Patrick McHale and Adam Muto, who told her to do what she would do when drawing comics and to not hold anything back. She stated that some of the changes in animation for years to come were inspired by what the show was able to do by being "very artist-driven", by independent comic artists like herself. Production for Steven Universe began while <mask> was still working on Adventure Time. She continued working on Adventure Time until the show's fifth season, whereupon she left in order to focus on Steven Universe. Her

masks:
Sugar
Steven Sugar
Sugar
Sugar
Sugar
Sugar
Sugar


texts:
 last episode for Adventure Time was "Simon & Marcy"; following that episode, working on both series simultaneously "became impossible to do".She had also previously encountered difficulty in the production of the Adventure Time episode "Bad Little Boy". <mask> returned temporarily to write the song "Everything Stays" for the seventh season miniseries Stakes. She was an executive producer for Steven Universe for its entire run, and a storyboard artist for several of its episodes; the series premiered on November 4, 2013 and concluded on January 21, 2019. She directed the full-length television movie taking place after the fifth season of Steven Universe, called Steven Universe: The Movie, which premiered on September 2, 2019 on Cartoon Network. The movie was followed by an epilogue limited series titled Steven Universe Future, also with <mask> as executive producer, which premiered on December 7, 2019 and concluded on March 27, 2020. Themes
<mask> has discussed the importance of creating LGBT representation and content, especially in children's entertainment. On Cameron Esposito's podcast QUEERY, <mask> stated "I want to champion LGBTQIA, all of it, content... in G-Rated, family entertainment.I want to do that forever". She also explained how Steven Universe has helped her come to terms with her own identity as bisexual and non-binary. She believes that early and positive exposure to the LGBT community can help queer identifying children avoid experiencing shame in their own identities. Other work
<mask> designed the album cover of True Romance for Estelle, the voice of Garnet on Steven Universe. In December 2016, comic book publisher Youth in Decline featured <mask>'s sketches and story notes for her unpublished comic Margo in Bed as issue #14 of the art/comics anthology series Frontier. In 2018, <mask> was featured

masks: Sugar Sugar Sugar Sugar Sugar Sugar Sugar


texts:
 on Gallant's 2018 R&B/Soul track TOOGOODTOBETRUE, along with Sufjan Stevens. In April 2020, <mask> narrated a video titled Let My People Go, a video created by the organization Never Again Action.The video talks about U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement detainees and the poor living conditions they are experiencing in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the "Froggy Little Christmas" episode of Amphibia, a 22-minute Christmas special which aired on November 27, 2021, <mask> voiced a street performer who sang a musical number which <mask> had written. <mask> was not credited for her contribution to the episode. Personal life
In February 2016, Ian Jones-Quartey confirmed via Twitter that he and <mask> were in a romantic relationship; at the time of the tweet, the two had been together for eight years. He added that they met when <mask> was at the School of Visual Arts in New York. They were married on December 4, 2019. In July 2016, <mask> said at a San Diego Comic-Con panel that the LGBT themes in Steven Universe are in large part based on her own experience as a bisexual woman.In a July 2018 interview on NPR, In 2018 <mask> said that she created the series' Gems as non-binary women in order to express herself, as a non-binary woman, through them. In August 2020, she said she "didn't identify as a woman" but had felt pressure to conceal that fact because of her reputation as the first woman to create a Cartoon Network series. In October 2020, in the final art book for Steven Universe, <mask> said that she loved being able to place her experiences in a different context "through a nonbinary lens" when writing characters for the show. As of 2021, <mask> goes by both "she/her" and "they/them" pronouns. Accolades

Adventure Time
<mask>'s work on Adventure Time gained Primetime Emmy Award for Short-format Animation

masks:
Sugar
Sugar
Sugar
Sugar
Sugar
Sugar
Sugar
Sugar
Sugar
Sugar
Rebecca Sugar


texts:
 nominations for the episode "It Came from the Nightosphere" in 2011 and for the episode "Simon & Marcy" in 2013. The show also earned multiple Annie Award nominations. These included, Best Storyboarding in a Television Production in 2012 and Story-boarding in an Animated Television Production in 2013.Steven Universe

For Steven Universe, <mask> has been nominated for several media industry awards, including six Primetime Emmy Awards. She and the series have received, among others, the 2018 Peabody Award for Children's & Youth Programming and the 2019 GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Kids & Family Program; in 2015 the series was named to the James Tiptree Jr. Award Honor List. Honors
In 2012, Forbes magazine included her on its "30 Under 30 in Entertainment" list, noting that she was responsible for writing "many of the best episodes" of Adventure Time. Variety included <mask> in "Hollywood's New Leaders 2016: The Creatives", a list celebrating upcoming filmmakers, show-runners and creators in both traditional and digital media. Filmography

Notes

References

External links

American animated film producers
1987 births
Animators from Maryland
21st-century American composers
21st-century American Jews
21st-century American screenwriters
American storyboard artists
American television producers
American television writers
Bisexual artists
Bisexual musicians
Bisexual writers
Cartoon Network Studios people
Jewish American composers
Jewish American songwriters
Jewish American writers
Jewish American artists
LGBT animators
LGBT Jews
LGBT people from Maryland
LGBT producers
LGBT screenwriters
LGBT songwriters
Living people
Non-binary writers
Non-binary musicians
School of Visual Arts alumni
Showrunners
Songwriters from Maryland
LGBT singers from the United States
Forbes 30 Under 30 recipients
People from Silver

masks: Sugar Sugar


texts: Neil Elvis "<mask>" <mask> (born 25 September 1965) is a former Australian rules footballer, best known for his career for  and the  in the Australian Football League (AFL), as well as  in the West Australian Football League. Growing up in Pingelly in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia, <mask> began his career with South Fremantle, playing 58 games at the club before being recruited prior to the 1987 season by St Kilda. In a twelve-season career with St Kilda, <mask> won the club's best and fairest award, the Trevor Barker Award, in 1989 and 1995 and was also twice named in the All-Australian team. He left St Kilda at the end of the 1998 season and was drafted by the Western Bulldogs, playing one further season in the AFL before retiring at the end of the 1999 season. Having represented Western Australia in

masks: Nicky Winmar Winmar Winmar


texts:
 eight interstate matches, <mask> was named in St Kilda's Team of the Century in 2003 and was inducted into the West Australian Football Hall of Fame in 2009. An Indigenous Australian, he was the first Aboriginal footballer to play 200 games in the AFL and was named in the Indigenous Team of the Century in 2005. He was involved in several incidents of racial vilification during his career and a photograph of <mask> responding to one such incident during the 1993 season has been described as one of the most memorable images in Australian sporting history.Early life and WAFL career
Neil Elvis <mask> was born in Kellerberrin, Western Australia, to Neal and Meryle <mask>. He grew up in the neighbouring Wheatbelt town of Pingelly, and played for the Brookton/Pingelly Football Club in the Upper Great Southern Football

masks: Winmar Winmar Winmar Winmar


texts:
 League (UGSFL) from an early age. <mask> was subsequently recruited by South Fremantle in the Perth-based WAFL after the club's coach at the time, Mal Brown, saw <mask> playing for Brookton/Pingelly. He made his senior debut for South Fremantle in round nine of the 1983 season, aged 17, and played a total of 13 games in his debut season. In the beginning, he was used across the wings and half-forward flanks, but was later played as a rover, although he remained a regular goal-kicker. In total, <mask> played 58 games for South Fremantle from 1983 to 1986 and kicked 98 goals. VFL/AFL career

St Kilda
<mask> transferred to the St Kilda Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL) for the 1987 season, making his debut for the club in Round 1 against  at Moorabbin Oval.Having played 20 games in his debut season


texts: and kicking 37 goals, <mask> finished second in the club's best and fairest count behind Tony Lockett (who went on to win the Brownlow) and also polled 10 votes in the Brownlow Medal. In 1988, he kicked 43 goals from 21 games to be the club's leading goalkicker and again finished runner-up in the best and fairest count, this time to Danny Frawley. After an outstanding season in 1989, <mask> won St Kilda's best and fairest award and was also named in the VFL's Team of the Year on a half-forward flank. He also finished equal third in the 1989 Brownlow Medal, polling 16 votes from his 22 games. After a match against  in Round 19 of the 1990 season, <mask> was suspended for 10 matches for kicking and eye-gouging Dermott Brereton. Brereton later apologised to <mask> for racially abusing him during the game. He returned


texts: to football in round seven of the 1991 season, recording 33 disposals and one goal against Adelaide at Moorabbin.<mask>'s performances throughout the rest of the season led to him being named in the inaugural AFL All-Australian team. <mask> played a further 23 games in the 1992 season, including the club's semi-final loss to . At the conclusion of the season, <mask> was named the winner of the Mark of the Year competition, for a spectacular mark taken at Subiaco Oval against . In round four of the 1993 season, indigenous players <mask> and Gilbert McAdam were racially abused by Collingwood supporters, eventually being awarded two and three Brownlow Medal votes in a game St Kilda won by 22 points. The week after the game, <mask> was involved in a dispute with St Kilda over his level of pay, in particular, injury

masks: Winmar Winmar Winmar Winmar Winmar


texts: payments, and did not play for the next two weeks. Playing a total of 17 games in 1994, <mask> missed three weeks late in the season after being suspended for striking. At the end of the season, <mask> was also refused clearance by St Kilda to play in the Aboriginal All-Stars game, held at Marrara Oval in Darwin.In 1995, <mask> played in each of St Kilda's 22 games, winning the club's best and fairest award for a second time and also being named in the All-Australian team. In the pre-season competition held prior to the start of the 1996 season, the 1996 Ansett Australia Cup, <mask> played in St Kilda's team which defeated Carlton by 58 points in the grand final held at Waverley Park and was awarded the Michael Tuck Medal as best on ground. Having damaged the medial collateral ligament of his knee in the round


texts: three game against , <mask> missed nine matches in the early part of the 1996 season before returning in the latter part of the season. <mask> played his 200th game for the club in round 17 of the 1997 season, against the  at Waverley Park, becoming the first indigenous player to reach the milestone in the AFL. He also played in St Kilda's loss to Adelaide in the 1997 Grand Final, having kicked three goals against  in the preliminary final the previous week. In 1998, in what was to be his last season for St Kilda, <mask> played 23 games and kicked 16 goals. He was heavily criticised during the club's match against Carlton in Round 20 after spending much of the game fighting with opponents, finishing with only eight disposals.<mask> was suspended by the club for the following match but returned to play for the club


texts:
 in the finals series. After the match, <mask>'s manager, Peter Jess, was criticised for making comments in an interview with radio station 3AW suggesting that Aboriginal players were unable to cope with the pressures introduced by "white society". Western Bulldogs
<mask> was dismissed from St Kilda at the end of the 1998 season after Tim Watson replaced Stan Alves as coach of the club. Despite being contracted for another year, the club terminated <mask>'s contract as a result of his behaviour and lack of discipline over the previous season. He was then selected by the Western Bulldogs with the 30th pick overall in the 1998 National Draft, having been considered a chance to be drafted by Collingwood, North Melbourne or Carlton. <mask> played a total of 21 games for the club, kicking 34 goals, before retiring from


texts:
 the Western Bulldogs at the end of the 1999 season, halfway through a two-year contract, citing issues with a commitment to training and injuries. <mask> was named National Aboriginal Sportsman of the Year at the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Sports Awards held in Hobart, Tasmania, sharing the award with rugby league player Cliff Lyons.Later life
Following his retirement from the AFL, <mask> played with various clubs in regional and country leagues in Victoria and the Northern Territory, including for the Palmerston Football Club in the Northern Territory Football League, for the Warburton and Seville Football Clubs in the Yarra Valley Mountain District Football League and for Rutherglen and the Wodonga clubs in the Tallangatta & District Football League. Having previously worked with Denfam (a

masks: Winmar Winmar


texts: Melbourne-based construction business) and as a shearer, <mask> was employed with the mining industry and living in Brookton, Western Australia, as of May 2012. On a visit to Perth in September 2012, <mask> had a heart attack and was hospitalised at Royal Perth Hospital. <mask> was named in St Kilda's Team of the Century (announced in 2003) on a half-forward flank and has also been inducted into the club's hall of fame. <mask> was subsequently named in the AFL's Indigenous Team of the Century, announced in 2005, as well as South Fremantle's Indigenous Team of the Century, named in 2009, and was also inducted into the West Australian Football Hall of Fame in the same year. A tournament for underage indigenous footballers, the Nicky Winmar Cup, has been contested since 2009 as a joint venture between the West


texts:
 Australian Football Commission and the Western Australian Department of Sport and Recreation, sponsored by Alinta, an energy company. Two of <mask>'s cousins, Leroy Jetta and <mask>, were formerly listed with AFL clubs ( and St Kilda, respectively).<mask> was convicted and fined in 2000 for assaulting his ex-wife on Christmas Day of the previous year. In 2019, <mask> pleaded guilty to a charge of assaulting a taxi driver in March of that year. Racial vilification
<mask> was involved in a number of controversial incidents involving alleged acts of racial vilification against him by other players and staff during his career. In 1998, after <mask>'s outburst against Carlton, former Hawthorn player Dermott Brereton publicly apologised to <mask> and Russell Jeffrey for abusing them in a game in 1990. In March 1999,

masks:
Winmar
Nicholas Winmar
Winmar
Winmar
Winmar
Winmar
Winmar


texts:
 television presenter and former footballer Sam Newman appeared on The Footy Show in blackface after <mask> cancelled an appearance on the show in favour of appearing on a rival network. Newman was later forced to apologise for the incident, subsequently breaking a confidentiality agreement that had been signed during mediation for the incident. <mask> appeared on The Footy Show the following week as part of a pre-taped segment.Famous photograph

In a match for St Kilda against Collingwood in Round 4 of the 1993 season, <mask> was racially abused by members of the Collingwood cheer squad, who yelled for him to "go and sniff some petrol" and "go walkabout where you came from". At the conclusion of the game, which St Kilda won by 22 points, <mask> lifted up his jumper and, facing to the crowd, pointed to his skin.


texts: The following day, a photograph (pictured right) of <mask>'s gesture, taken by Wayne Ludbey, was published in the Sunday Age under the headline "Winmar: I'm black and proud of it", with the Sunday Herald Sun publishing a similar photograph under the caption "I've got guts". <mask>'s gesture, described as a "powerful statement", an "anti-racist symbol", and one of the "most poignant" images in Australian sport, has been credited as a catalyst for the movement against racism in Australian football, and compared to the black power salute performed by American athletes at the 1968 Summer Olympics in terms of impact. The event inspired Indigenous singer-songwriter Archie Roach to write the song "Colour of Your Jumper". The photograph is reproduced in The Game That Made Australia, a mural painted by Jamie Cooper and


texts: commissioned by the AFL in 2008 to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the origins of Australian rules football. Tony Albert included a watercolour of the photograph in a collage titled Once upon a time, winner of the 2014 Basil Sellers Art Prize.In 2019, a bronze statue based on the photograph was unveiled outside Perth Stadium. <mask> donated the jumper he was wearing in the photograph to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) in 1998. Prior to the commission's disbanding in 2005, Geoff Clark, the chairman of ATSIC at the time, removed the framed jumper from the commission's offices in Canberra to his home in Warrnambool, Victoria. Clark was forced to return the jumper to Winmar, which was later donated to the National Museum of Australia, where it featured in Off the Walls, an exhibit of


texts:
 Indigenous Australian art. In May 2012, the jumper was auctioned by Sotheby's, but was passed in after the bidding reached A$95,000. In September of the same year, Museum Victoria purchased the jumper for $100,000, with the intention to display it at the First Peoples exhibition at Melbourne Museum in July 2013. However, the authenticity of the jumper has been questioned, with the St Kilda Football Club published a statement in March 2005 suggesting that the jumper given to ATSIC may not have been the actual jumper worn during the game, citing differences between sponsors' logos present on the jumper.Similar questions were raised prior to the jumper's auction in 2012. Playing statistics

|-
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1987
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 7 || 20 ||


texts:
 || 7.5 || 3.5 || 11.0 || 3.3 || 0.6
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan=3| Career
! 251
! 317
! 262
! 3595
! 1401
!4996
! 1027
! 472
! 1.3
! 1.0
! 14.3
! 5.6
!19.9
! 4.1
! 1.9
|}

Honours and achievements

Team
McClelland Trophy (St Kilda): 1997
Pre-Season Cup (St Kilda): 1996
Individual
All-Australian: 1991, 1995
Herald Sun Player of the Year Award: 1995
Trevor Barker Award (St Kilda F.C. Best & Fairest): 1989, 1995
St Kilda F.C. Leading Goalkicker: 1988
Alex Jesaulenko Medal (Mark of the Year Award): 1992
Michael Tuck Medal: 1996
Aboriginal Sportsperson of the Year: 1999
St Kilda F.C. Team of the Century – Right Wing
St Kilda F.C. Hall of Fame Inductee: 2003
West Australian Football Hall of Fame Inductee: 2009
Indigenous Team of the Century – Half-Forward Flank

References

Further reading

External links

1965


texts:
 births
All-Australians (AFL)
Australian rules footballers from Western Australia
Indigenous Australian players of Australian rules football
Living people
Noongar people
Palmerston Football Club players
People from Kellerberrin, Western Australia
South Fremantle Football Club players
St Kilda Football Club players
Trevor Barker Award winners
West Australian Football Hall of Fame inductees
Western Australian State of Origin players
Western Bulldogs


texts:
<mask> (born 1954) works in photography, performance and sculpture as a contemporary artist who lives and works in Los Angeles, California and Akwidaa, Ghana. Writing in the catalogue for the exhibition Black is, Black Ain't at the Renaissance Society, Chicago, Amy M. Mooney writes "critics have noted that <mask>'s work is "fluent in cultural iconography, driven by introspection, and steeped in issues of corporate politics and racial identity" and that his self-portraits thwart a traditional read of the exterior likeness". <mask> describes himself as an artist and activist who primarily focuses on issues of race, class, gender, and colonialism, and uses these lenses to challenge binaries in the past and present. In general, his work aims to challenge the viewer both by what he is including and what he is leaving out. Early life and education

<mask> was born in 1954 in Los Angeles, California. He got his Bachelor of Fine Arts from the California Institute of the Arts (CalArts), Valencia, California in 1979 and his Master of Fine Arts from CalArts in 1989. Early career

<mask> first turned onto photography in high school, when he took a class in it.Beginning in the early 1970s while still in high school, <mask> worked as a commercial photographer in the music industry, photographing rock and R&B acts such as the Jackson 5, Stevie Wonder and Gladys Knight. <mask> shot his first album cover at age 17. He continued to do so throughout the 1970s, allowing him to pay for college and then art school. To date, <mask> has shot over 100 album covers. Later/Current career
After graduating with his BFA from CalArts, <mask> was asked by Michael Jackson to become his personal photographer, which he did in the period 1979–1983, during the time of Jackson's landmark albums Off the Wall and Thriller. When <mask> asked Michael's manager Ron Weisner why Michael wanted him specifically, Ron responded that Michael said "I like <mask> because he doesn't talk much." <mask> described Jackson as being "very sensitive to the overt racism of the American press, well

masks:
Todd Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Todd
Gray


texts:
 aware that a caption can completely alter the context of a photograph, perpetuating negative stereotypes.He scrutinized every photograph I made and only the images he approved were released to the press." <mask>'s work became greatly influenced by Michael Jackson's exploration of race and gender, and to this day uses photographs of Jackson in his art. His work is often consisted of multilayered frames with photographs of only parts of Jackson shown, such as a hand or his jacket, adding to the notion of Jackson as a superior metaphysical being. These images are accompanied by more recent photographs of nature or interiors, many of which he shoots in Ghana. Exhibitions

<mask> has exhibited work at Meliksetain Briggs Gallery, Los Angeles. <mask>'s past solo and group exhibitions include: Hammer Museum, Los Angeles; Studio Museum, Harlem, NY; USC Fisher Museum of Art, Los Angeles; Luckman Gallery, Cal State University, Los Angeles; California African American Museum, Los Angeles; Tucson Museum of Art; Detroit Museum of Art; Renaissance Society, University of Chicago, among others. Some of his performance works have been presented at The Roy & Edna Disney Cal/Arts Theater; (REDCAT), Los Angeles; Academy of Media Arts, Cologne, and the Japanese American National Museum, Los Angeles.[2] For his 2016 exhibition A Place That Looks Like Home "re-frames and re-contextualizes images from his personal archive that spans over forty years of his career as a photographer, sculptor and performance artist." In his 2017 exhibition at the Museum of the African Diaspora, <mask> explored Michael Jackson in terms of "mental colonialism." In 2017, <mask> also created Pluralities of Being which was exhibited from August 31 to October 7 in the Gallery MOMO in Johannesburg, South Africa. This was <mask>'s first solo exhibit in South Africa and featured work he created during his residency at the NIROX Foundation's sculpture park in Johannesburg. Pluralities of Being was next exhibited at the Palm Springs Art Museum from December 15, 2018 to April 7, 2019. In 2018,

masks: Gray Gray Gray Gray Gray Gray


texts:
 <mask>'s work was included in Michael Jackson: On the Wall at the National Portrait Gallery in London which ran until October 21, 2018. In 2019, <mask> was featured as an artist in the Whitney Museum of American Art's 2019 Biennial.<mask>'s most recent work Cartesian Gris Gris explores "the continued fallout of European colonialism in Africa." This collection of photographs was exhibited at the David Lewis Gallery in New York City in July 2019. In 2019 <mask> was selected to be on display at the Pomona College Museum of Art, which features his piece, "Euclidean Gris Gris," among others. His exhibition will stay up until May 17, 2020. His exhibition in 2016, a part of the Hammer museum in Los Angelos, took place outside the confines of the museum itself. <mask> wore the clothes of Ray Manzarek, who was one of the founding members of the Doors, and also a friend of <mask>'s; for a year. In order to see the "exhibition," one had to happen upon <mask> himself during the months the exhibition was taking place.Collections

<mask>'s work is held in the following permanent public collections: the Studio Museum in Harlem, New York, the National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Canada, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), Los Angeles CA, Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA), Los Angeles, CA, the University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT, the California Community Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, and the University of Parma, Parma, Italy. Other works
On October 21, 2009, <mask> published a book of rare photos titled Michael Jackson: Before He Was King. References

External sources

<mask> Art

1954 births
Living people
California Institute of the Arts alumni
Conceptual photographers
American photographers
Postmodern artists
20th-century American sculptors
20th-century male artists
21st-century American sculptors
21st-century male artists
American male sculptors
African-American contemporary artists
American contemporary artists
American performance artists
African-American sculptors
20th-century African-American artists
21st-century African-American

masks:
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Todd Gray


texts:
<mask> (born January 17, 1962) is an American businessman, investor and philanthropist. He is the co-founder of Quicken Loans, founder of Rock Ventures, and owner of the National Basketball Association's Cleveland Cavaliers. <mask> owns several sports franchises, including the American Hockey League's Cleveland Monsters, and the NBA G League's Cleveland Charge. He operates the Rocket Mortgage FieldHouse in Cleveland, Ohio, home to the Cavaliers and Monsters. As of April 17, 2021, Bloomberg Billionaires Index estimated his net worth at US$37.6 billion, making him the 36th richest person in the world. However that figure has fallen to US$23 billion in 2022 according to Forbes. Early life and education
<mask> was born to a Jewish family in Detroit, Michigan.He grew up in Southfield, Michigan, where he attended Southfield-Lathrup High School. He earned his bachelor's degree from Michigan State University and a Juris Doctor from Wayne State University Law School, and is a member of the State Bar of Michigan. While in college he earned a real estate agent's license and while in law school, he worked part-time at his parents' Century 21 Real Estate agency. Business career

Quicken Loans
<mask> founded Rock Financial in 1985 with his younger brother <mask>. In the late 1990s, the company launched its internet strategy, becoming an early online direct mortgage lender. In the fourth quarter of 2017, the company became the largest retail mortgage lender by volume in the United States. In 2000, software maker Intuit Inc. purchased Rock Financial and renamed the national web operation Quicken Loans.In 2002, <mask> and a group of private investors  purchased Quicken Loans and its affiliated national title company, Title Source, Inc., from Intuit. As of 2021, <mask> served as the chairman of Quicken Loans, Inc. In 2007, <mask> and the city of Detroit announced an agreement to move the company's headquarters to downtown Detroit. All 3,600

masks:
Daniel Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gary Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert


texts:
 Michigan-based employees moved into Detroit's urban core by the end of 2010. In August 2020, Quicken Loans went public under the name Rocket Companies and made its debut on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “RKT.” As of 2020, <mask> remained the majority owner, controlling 79% of the company's shares. Sports franchise ownership
<mask> became majority owner of the Cleveland Cavaliers in March 2005 and undertook a complete overhaul of the front office, coaching staff, player personnel and game presentation. During <mask>'s tenure, the Cavs won six Central Division championships (2009, 2010, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018), five Eastern Conference championships (2007, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018), and one NBA championship (2016), which ended the 52-year Cleveland sports curse.In 2007, <mask> bought the dormant Utah Grizzlies American Hockey League franchise, moved it to Cleveland and renamed it the Lake Erie Monsters (now Cleveland Monsters). In 2016, the Monsters won the AHL's top prize – the Calder Cup – giving <mask> two championships within eight days. In 2011, <mask> purchased the New Mexico Thunderbirds from what was then the NBA Developmental League (now called the G League), and moved them to Canton, Ohio renaming them the Canton Charge, and making them the Cavaliers' affiliate. Open Letter
In July 2010, Ohio native LeBron James announced that he was leaving the Cavaliers for the Miami Heat on an ESPN television special dubbed The Decision. Following the special, <mask> published an open letter to Cleveland Cavaliers fans in which he criticized how James made his announcement. <mask> was later fined by NBA Commissioner David Stern for his remarks. <mask> later claimed that he regretted the letter, and has since apologized to James.James later stated, "I've met with <mask>, face-to-face, man-to-man. We've talked it out. Everybody makes mistakes. I've made mistakes as well. Who am I to hold a grudge?" Other businesses

masks: Gilbert Gilbert Gilbert Gilbert Gilbert Gilbert Gilbert Gilbert Gilbert Dan


texts:
 and investments
<mask> is a founding partner in the private equity group Rockbridge Growth Equity LLC (RBE). The partnership invests in growing businesses in the financial services, Internet technology, consumer-direct marketing, and the sports and entertainment industries.RBE has significant investments in Gas Station TV, Robb Report, and RapidAdvance, among other ventures. <mask> is also an investor in Courtside Ventures, a venture capital fund investing across early-stage technology and media companies with a focus on sports and is a founding partner of Detroit Venture Partners (DVP), a venture capital firm that funds start-up and early-stage technology companies based primarily in Detroit. [23] Some of the companies DVP has invested in includes LevelEleven, iRule and Marxent Labs. <mask> cofounded StockX, a stock market of things for high-demand, limited edition products such as sneakers. <mask> is also invested and involved in the operation of several consumer-based technology-centered businesses, including Fathead, Veritix, Xenith, StyleCaster and Quizzle. <mask> launched nonprofit Bizdom in 2007, which promotes both tech and brick-and-mortar entrepreneurship in Detroit and Cleveland by supporting on-the-ground service providers. In November 2009, <mask> and a group of partners successfully backed a statewide referendum to bring casino gaming to Ohio's four largest cities.Through a joint venture with Caesars Entertainment Corporation, the groups operate urban-based casinos in both Cleveland and Cincinnati. The first of the casinos, Horseshoe Cleveland, opened in May 2012. In 2013, Rock Ventures, the umbrella entity for Gilbert's investments and real estate holdings, announced it had formed Athens Acquisition LLC, an affiliate of Rock Gaming, and acquired the majority interest in Greektown Superholdings Inc., owner of the Greektown Casino-Hotel located in downtown Detroit. In late 2018, <mask> bought the online dictionaries,

masks: Gilbert Gilbert Gilbert Gilbert Gilbert Gilbert Gilbert


texts:
 Dictionary.com and Thesaurus.com. In November 2017, professional Call of Duty player Matthew "Nadeshot" Haag announced that <mask> had made a multimillion-dollar investment into Nadeshot's eSports team called 100Thieves. Detroit initiatives
Quicken Loans moved its headquarters and 1,700 of its employees to downtown Detroit in August 2010, where Gilbert and the company are helping lead a revitalization of Detroit's urban core. Gilbert's Bedrock Detroit has purchased several buildings in downtown Detroit, including the historic Madison Theatre Building, Chase Tower and Two Detroit Center, Dime Building, the First National Building and the former Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago Detroit Branch Building.Bedrock Detroit has also purchased several buildings on the city's Woodward Avenue, including One Woodward Avenue and the 1001 Woodward office tower. In September 2013, <mask> was named co-chair of the Blight Removal Task Force. The group published a detailed plan in May 2014 to remove all blighted structures and lots in the City of Detroit. In 2015, he purchased Book Tower in Detroit. A 2017 Politico Magazine article named <mask> one of "America's 11 Most Interesting Mayors", listing him as though he were Mayor of Detroit due to his role in the city's development. In September 2017, Detroit Mayor Mike Duggan appointed <mask> to lead a committee to make a bid for online retail giant Amazon to bring its second North American headquarters to Detroit. In 2018, Amazon narrowed its list of potential headquarters locations, removing Detroit from its list of contenders.Philanthropy and political donations
In September 2012, <mask> and his wife Jennifer joined The Giving Pledge, committing to give half of their wealth to philanthropy throughout their lifetimes. <mask>'s eldest son was born with neurofibromatosis. <mask> established two Neurofibromatosis research clinics at the Children's National Medical Center (CNMC) in Washington, D.C. and


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 at the Dana Children's Hospital at the Sourasky Medical Center in Tel Aviv, Israel. <mask> also serves on the boards of the Children's Tumor Foundation, the Cleveland Clinic, and the Children's Hospital Foundation (an affiliate of CNMC); and is the vice-chairman of the not-for-profit M-1 RAIL initiative which is dedicated to promoting light-rail transportation in downtown Detroit. In 2015, <mask> donated $750,000 to the presidential candidacy of Chris Christie. In September 2016, <mask> donated $5 million to Wayne State University Law School. In October of that year,  <mask> also donated $15 million toward the planned $50-million Breslin Center renovation project at Michigan State University.In 2020, <mask> made a $1.2 million donation to help COVID-19 relief efforts in the city of Detroit. Personal life
<mask> resides in Michigan with his wife <mask> and their five children. His wife serves on the Gilbert Family Neurofibromatosis Institute at Children's National Medical Center in Washington, D.C. and also serves on the boards of ORT America and the Israeli and Overseas Committee of the Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Detroit. On May 26, 2019, <mask> was taken to the hospital and treated for a stroke at the age of 57. References

External links
 <mask>'s Blog: Choose Thinking

1962 births
Living people
20th-century American businesspeople
21st-century American businesspeople
21st-century philanthropists
American billionaires
American casino industry businesspeople
American financial company founders
American real estate businesspeople
American technology chief executives
American technology company founders
American venture capitalists
Arena Football League executives
Businesspeople from Detroit
Cleveland Cavaliers owners
Cleveland Monsters
Giving Pledgers
Jewish American philanthropists
Michigan State University alumni
People from Southfield, Michigan
Rock Ventures
Wayne State University Law School alumni
21st-century

masks:
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
Jennifer Gilbert
Gilbert
Dan Gilbert


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<mask> (also spelled <mask>, <mask>otte, <mask>tta) was a fourteenth-century prelate and Cardinal, of Gascon extraction. <mask> was born towards the end of the 13th century, either in Toulouse or Bordeaux, and died in Avignon on 20 December 1356. He was the son of <mask>, seigneur of Roquetaillade. His mother was Elips (Alix) <mask>, daughter of <mask>, brother of <mask>. He was therefore a nephew  of Pope Clement V (<mask>). <mask> had a brother, Bertrand. Another uncle, his father's brother, <mask>, was Bishop of Bazas from 1303-1313, when he was transferred to Saintes, and again from 1318 to 1319.Early career

Pope Clement V (1305-1314) had secularized the monastery of S. Emilion, and converted it into a Collegiate Church with canons. The first Dean of the Canons of S. Emilion was <mask> <mask> Mothe. By 1313 he was Protonotary Apostolic and Archdeacon of Narbonne, thanks to his uncle's patronage. On 20 May 1313 Pope Clement reserved for his nephew a prebend in the Church of Compostella in Spain. On 23 June he made him Canon and Prebend of the Church of Rouen. On 17 August 1313 the Pope granted <mask> the privilege of visiting his Archdeaconry of Oxford in the Church of Lincoln by proxy, for a period of three years. On 23 October he was granted the same privilege with respect to his Archdeaconry of Grand-Caux in the Church of Rouen.These positions were granted for the sake of the income. There was no expectation that the recipient would ever appear personally, and in the case of the English benefices, <mask> did not. He appointed procurators in England to act as his legal agents. Cardinal

He was named a cardinal by Pope John XXII  in his first Consistory for the creation

masks:
Gaillard de La Mothe
de La Motte
de LaM
della Mo
Gaillard
Amanieu Levieux de La Motte
de Got
Arnaud Garsale de Got
Bertrand de Got
Bertrand de Got
Gaillard
Guillaume de la Mothe
Gaillard
de La
Gaillard
Gaillard


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 of cardinals on 18 December 1316. He was named Deacon of Santa Lucia in Silice. Cardinal <mask> Mothe took part in the Conclave of 13–20 December 1334, following the death of Pope John. Twenty-four cardinals participated, two-thirds of them French, five from Cahors.The cardinals chose the Cistercian Cardinal Jacques Fournier, from the town of Savardun near Toulouse, in the Diocese of Pamiers. He took the throne name of Benedict XII. In 1336,  <mask> <mask> <mask> was one of five cardinals, and numerous other prelates and lay persons, who were appointed to revise the Statutes of the Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans). Cardinal <mask> <mask> <mask> also took part in the Conclave of 5–7 May 1342, following the death of Pope Benedict XII (Jacques Fournier). Eighteen of the nineteen cardinals took part in the election, which took place in the Apostolic Palace in Avignon. The Cardinals elected Cardinal Pierre Roger of Limoges. Pope Clement VI was crowned at the Church of the Convent of the Dominicans in Avignon, on Pentecost Sunday, 19 May 1342, by Cardinal <mask> <mask>, the Protodeacon.Among the witnesses were John Duke of Normandy, the eldest son of the King,  Jacques Duke of Bourbon, Philip Duke of Burgundy, and Imbert Dauphin of Vienne. English benefices and French hostility

On 21 June 1339, Pope Benedict XII wrote to the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bishop of Winchester, and the Bishop of Paris, issuing a mandate for them to protect Cardinal <mask> <mask> Mothe against those who molest him, touching his benefices and possessions in their dioceses. This indicates that, in addition to the benefices already noted, <mask> also had benefices in Canterbury, Winchester and

masks:
de la
Gaillard
de La
Mothe
Gaillard
de La
Mothe
Raymond Guillaume
de Fargues
Gaillard
de La
Gaillard


texts: Paris. On 20 February 1345,  Cardinal <mask> <mask> still held in England the benefices of: Archdeacon of Oxford, Archdeacon of Ely, Precentor of Chichester (by 1321), and  Prebend of Milton in the Church of Lincoln. The possession of such a number of English benefices should cause no surprise. Gascony and Guyenne belonged to the English crown, and both the <mask>s and the <mask> Mothes owed allegiance to the King of England. In the summer of 1346 Cardinal <mask> Mothe found himself in serious trouble.Two of his familiares hid themselves near the Cardinal's presence, and claimed to have overheard the Cardinal make remarks which were injurious to the King and Queen of France. They caused the alleged remarks to be circulated among the subjects of the French King. King Philip VI wrote to the Pope, who ordered an investigation in which subjects of the King were examined. The solemn investigation found that the remarks had been invented, and Cardinal <mask> <mask> was cleared. When they were released, the familiars headed immediately for the French Court. The Pope, therefore,  had to write a letter to the King, fully explaining what he had done to seek the truth, explaining that the whole set of remarks had been invented, and that Cardinal <mask> <mask> had been exonerated. In that same summer, Prince John of France was campaigning against the English in Languedoc and Gascony, and he happened to attack a castle belonging to the nephew of Cardinal <mask> <mask>.In 1348, Cardinal <mask> <mask> and two other cardinals were assigned to be Relatores (discussion leaders) when the portion of the process for the Canonization of St. Yvo Helori which included his claimed miracles was

masks:
de La
Mothe
de Got
de la
de La
de La
Mothe
de La
Mothe
de La
Mothe
de La
Mothe


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 discussed and voted on. Their efforts were successful. De La <mask> took part in the Conclave of 1352, following the death of Clement VI on 6 December 1352. The Conclave opened on Sunday 16 December, in the Apostolic Palace in Avignon, with twenty-six cardinals in attendance. It ended on the morning of Tuesday 18 December, with the election of Innocent VI (Étienne Aubert, the Bishop of Ostia). He was crowned in the Apostolic Palace at Avignon on Sunday 30 December by Cardinal <mask> <mask> <mask>, the Protodeacon. On 5 February 1355  Cardinal <mask> <mask> was present in Consistory along with Pope Innocent VI and twenty other cardinals to discuss the petition submitted by Pierre Bertrand <mask>, Bishop of Ostia, to be granted the pallium before he set off for Rome to preside at the Coronation of the Emperor Charles IV.Next day, the Pope, having consulted the cardinals as a group and individually, issued his decree granting the pallium and assigning Cardinal <mask> and Cardinal <mask> Torre of S. Eustachio to present it according to the accepted ritual. Cardinal <mask> <mask> <mask> died on 20 December 1356, and was buried at Bazas in the Church of Saint Jean, where he was building a magnificent monument for his uncle Pope Clement V.  The church was devastated by the Huguenots in 1577. Of <mask> La Mothe  Jean Roy remarked, "... it is true that this prelate did not have all the talents necessary to administer advantageously the affairs of the Church and of the Holy See...."

See also
 <mask> <mask>, his mother's first cousin.'' References

Bibliography

 [containing a biography of Cardinal <mask> Motte]

14th-century French cardinals
Avignon Papacy
Gascons
13th-century

masks:
Mothe
Gaillard
de la
Mothe
de La
Mothe
de Colombiers
Gaillard
Bernard de
Gaillard
de La
Mothe
Cardinal de
Gaillard
de Preyssac
de La


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<mask> (born 3 February 1960) is a German football coach and former player. He was the manager of the Germany national team from 2006 until 2021. During his tenure as manager, he led Germany to victory at the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil and the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia. In March 2021, Löw announced that he would resign from his position after Euro 2020. Playing career
In 1978, Löw started his playing career with 2. Bundesliga club SC Freiburg. He returned to the club twice (1982, 1985) and held the club's overall goal scoring record until 2020, when Nils Petersen surpassed him.In 1980, Löw joined VfB Stuttgart in the Bundesliga, but he had difficulties establishing himself in the starting lineup and played only four matches. In the 1981–82 season, Löw played for Eintracht Frankfurt (24 matches, five goals), but he returned to Freiburg the following year. In 1982–83, he scored eight goals in 34 matches, 1983–84 he scored 17 goals in 31 matches in the 2. Bundesliga. Afterwards, he returned to the Bundesliga with Karlsruher SC, but he only scored two goals in 24 matches. Later, he joined Freiburg again for four years, played 116 matches and scored 38 goals. Löw concluded his career in Switzerland, where he played for FC Schaffhausen (1989–1992) and FC Winterthur (1992–1994).Löw played four times for the West Germany national under-21 team. Managerial career

1994–2004: club management

Early career
Löw started his coaching career as a youth coach for FC Winterthur while he was still active as a player. In 1994–95, he served as player-coach of FC Frauenfeld. In 1995–96, he became an assistant coach to VfB Stuttgart head coach Rolf Fringer. As Fringer had the opportunity to become coach of the Switzerland national team, Löw was


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 promoted caretaker manager on 14 August 1996. He eventually became the permanent manager and was at the club until 21 May 1998. His first match as head coach was a 4–0 win against Schalke 04 on 17 August 1996.They finished the 1996–97 season in fourth place. The 1997-98 season started with a 3–0 against Karlsruher SC on 22 July 1997 in the semi–final of the DFB-Ligapokal. They went on to lose in the final against Bayern Munich on 26 July 1997. In the Bundesliga, Stuttgart finished in fourth place. During the season, in the DFB-Pokal, Stuttgart reached the competition's semi-finals, defeating reserve team of Borussia Mönchengladbach, Hertha BSC, SSV Ulm 1846 and KFC Uerdingen 05 en route. In the semi-final on 17 February 1998, however, Bayern Munich defeated Stuttgart 3–0. Stuttgart also got to the final of the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup.Stuttgart eliminated IP Vestmannaeyja, Beerschot, Slavia Prague and Lokomotiv Moscow. In the final on 13 May 1998, Stuttgart lost 1–0 to Chelsea. This proved to be his final match as he left the club seven days later. He finished with a record of 46 wins, 20 draws and 23 losses. Löw joined Turkish club Fenerbahçe on 1 July 1998. His first match was a 0–0 draw against Dardanelspor. During the 1998–99 season, Fenerbahçe finished third in the Süper Lig and were eliminated in the first round of the UEFA Cup.They were serving a one-year ban in the Turkish Cup. Return to Germany and back to Turkey
Löw became manager of Karlsruher SC on 25 October 1999. His first match was a 1–1 draw against Hannover 96 on 31 October 1999. He was manager until 19 April 2000, finishing with a record of one win, seven draws and ten losses. His final match was a 3–1 loss to Hannover on 16 April 2000, while his only win came in a 2–1 win


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 against Fortuna Köln on 19 March 2000. He was sacked, with the club in last place (18th). Marco Pezzaiuoli replaced Löw for the remainder of the season and only had two wins in the remaining seven matches, finished the season in last place (18th), and were relegated.Löw returned to Turkey as manager of Adanaspor from 20 December 2000 to 2 March 2001. He failed to win any matches during this time. When he left Adanaspor, the club was in the relegation zone at 16th place. Coaching in Austria
Löw became the manager of Austrian club Tirol Innsbruck on 10 October 2001 and led them to the 2001–02 Austrian Bundesliga title. He finished with a record of 11 wins, five draws and nine losses. The same year, the club had to declare bankruptcy and was liquidated. Löw was once again unemployed.He was with Austria Wien from 1 July 2003 to 24 March 2004. During the 2003–04 season, Wien were eliminated from the Champions League by Marseille in the third qualifying round and eliminated from the UEFA Cup by Borussia Dortmund in the first round. They lost the 2003 Austrian Supercup to FC Kärnten. He left the club on 24 March 2004; Austria Wien were in first place at the time of his departure. 2004–2006: Germany assistant manager
When Jürgen Klinsmann succeeded Rudi Völler as the head coach of the Germany national team following a disappointing UEFA Euro 2004, he brought Löw into the German setup as assistant manager. Klinsmann and Löw had met years earlier at a coaching school and both shared a philosophy focused on attacking football. Under their reign, Klinsmann and Löw's German team reached the semi-final stage at the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup and 2006 FIFA World Cup.Germany lost 3–2 to Brazil in the semi-final of the 2005 Confederations Cup, but


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 subsequently defeated Mexico 4–3 in the third place encounter. Klinsmann and Löw's new attacking philosophy saw Germany score the most goals (15 in 5 matches) of any team in the tournament. Germany opened the 2006 World Cup on 9 June in Munich with a 4–2 victory against Costa Rica in an exciting match. A last minute 1–0 win over Poland and a 3–0 win over Ecuador followed. Germany defeated Sweden in the round of 16 with two Lukas Podolski goals, followed by a grueling battle with Argentina. In the penalty shootout after finishing extra time at 1–1, the coaching staff gave Jens Lehmann a prepared list of possible Argentinian penalty takers and their preferred way to shoot, which was reported to have helped ensure Germany's victory. The semi-final match with Italy was a disappointment however, with the hosts conceding two goals in the final two minutes of extra time.Germany, however, turned in a dominant performance against Portugal in the third place match, winning 3–1 with two Bastian Schweinsteiger goals. Besides a focus on attacking football and youth development, Klinsmann's staff also introduced an alternative B-team: Team 2006, to experiment with new aspiring players suitable to play at the home World Cup. Also introduced were an enhanced fitness coaching staff, as well as Oliver Bierhoff as "Business Manager" – this job revolves around public relations, general management and everything not directly related to coaching – and finally a mental coach, Dr. Hans-Dieter Hermann, who has the job of preparing the German players for stressful situations in major tournaments. 2006–2021: Germany manager

Euro 2008

On 12 July 2006, following Klinsmann's decision not to renew his contract, Löw was named as the new manager of Germany. Löw


texts: obtained a contract for two years and announced that he wanted to continue in the philosophy developed with Klinsmann to play with an offensive style. Löw was particularly concerned with the amount of time his players hold on to the ball before passing. During his tenure, he reduced this time significantly, increasing the pace of the German game.He declared that his aim was to win Euro 2008. His first game in charge, a friendly against Sweden in Gelsenkirchen on 16 August 2006, was a 3–0 success in which Miroslav Klose scored twice and Bernd Schneider scored the other. Löw had a successful start in qualifying for Euro 2008 with wins over the Republic of Ireland and San Marino. On 7 October 2006, Germany won 2–0 against Georgia in the Ostseestadion in Rostock, which was the fourth consecutive success for Löw and his team, the best start of a new head coach of the German national team ever. The team extended this record to five wins in the next match, the Euro 2008 qualifier against Slovakia in Bratislava on 11 October, with a 4–1 victory. The Slovaks' strike was the first goal conceded by Germany under Löw's reign. The next match saw the end of Löw's perfect record, with the qualifying match on 15 November in Nicosia against Cyprus ending in a disappointing 1–1 draw.2007 started with a 3–1 win against Switzerland on 7 February and a 2–1 win against the Czech Republic on 24 March. Löw's first loss as manager came in his eighth game on 28 March 2007, an experimental squad lost 0–1 against Denmark. He had given Robert Enke and Patrick Helmes their debuts. When qualification for Euro 2008 was ensured, Löw's record stood at 11 wins, 1 loss and 1 draw from 13 matches and a 41:6 goal difference. This includes the first win over England in


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 London's new Wembley Stadium. Germany lost to the Czech Republic in qualifying on 17 October 2007. This was the second loss for Löw.Germany finished qualifying in second place. In the final match of 2007, Germany and Wales finished in a 0–0 draw. Germany started 2008 with 3–0 win against Austria on 6 February and a 4–0 win against Switzerland on 26 March. Then Germany and Belarus finished in a 2–2 draw. Germany had a 2–0 lead at half–time. In their final match before Euro 2008, Germany defeated Serbia 2–1. At Euro 2008, Germany defeated Poland 2–0 in their first game, with two goals from Lukas Podolski.In their second game, Germany were beaten 2–1 by Croatia, while in their final group game, against Austria, Löw was sent to the stands by the referee Manuel Mejuto González – along with his Austrian counterpart Josef Hickersberger – for arguing with the fourth official. Following his dismissal, he was seen talking to Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel about the incident. Nonetheless, Germany won the match 1–0 with a goal from Michael Ballack to progress to the quarter-finals as runners up because of their earlier loss to Croatia. Löw changed the 4–4–2 system after the group stages to a 4–2–3–1 system, and left striker Mario Gómez out of the starting lineup. Though he was forced to watch from the sidelines, his team defeated Portugal 3–2. In the quarter-final, Löw was banned from giving any directions to his team even through telephone calls. Later Löw declared that he had put seven different scenarios with his assistant Hansi Flick in order to contain Portugal.In an exciting match against Turkey in the semi-finals, Germany won 3–2. Germany then lost 1–0 to Spain in the final on 29 June 2008. 2010 World Cup
Further progress was evident in


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 qualifying for South Africa as Germany booked their place at the 2010 World Cup undefeated. In their penultimate match on 10 October 2009, Germany secured first place in their qualifying group for the 2010 World Cup by beating second placed Russia in Moscow 1–0, sending Guus Hiddink's side into playoffs. In the 2010 World Cup, Löw introduced new young players and fielded the second youngest team of the tournament, Germany's youngest since 1934. Germany topped Group D and met England in the first round of the knockout stage, beating them 4–1 before defeating Argentina 4–0 in the quarter-finals. Germany then lost the semi-final to Spain 1–0.On 10 July 2010, they went on to win the third place play-off against Uruguay by 3–2 to collect the bronze medals and third place at the 2010 World Cup. Euro 2012

Germany qualified for Euro 2012 and topped their group with ten wins out of ten matches. This includes a 4–0 win against Kazakhstan and a 6–2 win against Austria. During the qualification campaign, Löw signed a new contract that would keep him with Germany until 2014. Germany then proceeded to top their group in the tournament, the only team to win all three of their group matches as they defeated Portugal 1–0, the Netherlands 2–1, and Denmark 2–1. In the quarter-finals, Germany beat Greece 4–2, but were eliminated in the semi-finals following a 2–1 loss to Italy. 2014 World Cup

Germany started qualification with a 3–0 win against the Faroe Islands.Germany won their first match in 2013 2–1 against France. After qualifying they started their 2014 World Cup group stage with a 4–0 victory over Portugal. In the second game, against Ghana, Germany came from behind to draw the match 2–2, while in the third match, Germany beat the United States –


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 led by former German coach Jürgen Klinsmann – 1–0, with the lone goal scored by Thomas Müller. In the second round match against Algeria, Löw's tactics were called into question after playing a high defensive line allowing Algeria to break through on numerous occasions. Nonetheless, Germany won 2–1 after extra time, thereby setting up a quarter-final clash with France. Germany edged France 1–0 with a goal from Borussia Dortmund centre-back Mats Hummels in the 12th minute. In the semi-final, Germany defeated hosts Brazil (who were playing without the injured Neymar and suspended Thiago Silva) 7–1 to reach the tournament's final; the result was Brazil's worst defeat in FIFA World Cup history.<mask> led Germany to their fourth World Cup title win with a Mario Götze goal in the 112th minute to get Die Mannschaft the victory in extra time against Argentina in the final. The same year he won the FIFA World Coach Of The Year Award after receiving 36.23 % votes and finished ahead of Carlo Ancelotti who got 22.06 % votes. Euro 2016
Germany started Euro 2016 qualifying with a 2–1 win against Scotland. Then Germany lost to Poland, 2–0. Germany had 28 shots in the match and the result put them in fourth place. Germany tied the Republic of Ireland 1–1 on 14 October 2014; John O'Shea had scored the equalizer for Ireland in the fourth minute of stoppage time. In the following month, meanwhile, Germany defeated Gibraltar 4–0.On 13 March 2015, Löw signed a contract extension until 2018. On 29 March 2015, Germany defeated Georgia 2–0, Germany remained in second place. and on 10 June, in a friendly match, Germany lost 2–1 to the United States. This was the first victory for the U.S. in Germany. Germany defeated Gibraltar 7–0 on 13 June 2015 and Poland 3–1


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 on 4 September 2015. Three days later, Germany again defeated Scotland, but on 8 October 2015, Ireland would defeat Germany 1–0. Germany finished off qualifying with a 2–1 win against Georgia.In the lead up to the final tournament, Germany faced France, England, Italy Slovakia, and Hungary. France defeated Germany 2–0 on 13 November 2015, England defeated Germany 3–2 on 26 March 2016 and three days later, Germany would defeat Italy 4–1, marking the first time since 1995 that Germany had defeated Italy. Slovakia defeated Germany 3–1 on 31 May 2016. In their final match before the start of the tournament, Germany defeated Hungary 2–0. In the tournament proper, Germany were grouped into Group C alongside Ukraine, Poland and Northern Ireland. Germany defeated Ukraine (2–0) and Northern Ireland (1–0), while it tied Poland (0–0). Finishing level on seven points with Poland but with a superior goal differential, Germany qualified for the round of 16 as Group C winners.At this stage they would defeat Slovakia 3–0 on 26 June 2016, setting up a quarter-final match against Italy on 2 July. After the match finished in a 1–1 draw, Germany advanced to the semi-finals after winning the shootout, matching up with tournament hosts France. France would defeat Germany 2–0, inflicting its first loss on Germany in a major tournament for the first time since 1958. Despite losing, Löw thought that Germany were the "better team" in the match. 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup
Germany started their 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup mission with a 3–2 victory over Australia in their first group stage match. In the next match, Germany ended with a 1–1 draw over Chile. Germany then won against Cameroon with a 3–1 victory in their last group stage match and sealed their place


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 in the semi-final.This victory meant the 100th Victory for Germany under his coaching. Germany faced Mexico in the semi-final and defeated them with a 4–1 victory to make it to the final for the first time in the tournament. On 2 July 2017, Löw led Germany to their FIFA Confederations Cup title win for the first time after a 1–0 victory against Chile in the final at the Krestovsky Stadium in Saint Petersburg. 2018 World Cup
After Euro 2016, Löw opted to stay on as Germany manager. Germany were drawn into Group C alongside the Czech Republic, Northern Ireland, Norway, Azerbaijan and San Marino for 2018 World Cup qualifying. On 15 May 2018, he extended his contract with Germany until 2022. Germany lost their first group match 0–1 against Mexico.Löw played a 4–2–3–1 formation but allowed right-back Joshua Kimmich to attack that flank, giving Mexico space on that side. Moreover, playing two defensive midfielders but having them to push forward in attack left the German backline vulnerable to the Mexican counter. Germany went on to defeat Sweden with a 2–1 victory. Germany were eliminated in the first round of the World Cup for the first time since 1938, and encountered its first ever group stage exit after losing 2–0 to South Korea. Four of the last five world champions would exit in the group stage of the next World Cup (the other incidents are France in 2002, Italy in 2010, Spain in 2014). UEFA Nations League and Euro 2020
Löw decided to stay on as national team coach despite the group stage exit from the World Cup. The nation's poor form in 2018 continued; Germany were set to be relegated from the top tier of the inaugural UEFA Nations League, but stayed in League A after UEFA elected to change the number of teams in each tier.Later on,


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 Germany finished second in Group A4 in the 2020–21 UEFA Nations League following a 0–6 defeat to Spain in the final group match in November 2020. It was Germany's worst defeat since May 1931, when they lost 0–6 at home against Austria. On 9 March 2021, Löw announced that he would step down from his role as Germany manager following Euro 2020. On 29 June 2021, England beat Germany in the round of 16 of Euro 2020, thus eliminating Germany from the tournament. This defeat also marked the end of Löw's tenure as Germany's coach. His tenure of nearly 15 years is the longest for an international coach in Europe. He was replaced by his former assistant manager, Hansi Flick.Personal life
Löw is Roman Catholic and was an altar boy in his early life. He has been married to Daniela since 1986; they have no children. The couple met in 1978 and dated for eight years before they got married. Löw has lost his driver's licence twice, once in 2006 (for one month) and once in 2014 (for six months) because of excessive speed and using a mobile phone while driving. Bundesliga players
Bundesliga players
Swiss Challenge League players
Germany under-21 international footballers
German expatriate footballers
German expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
Expatriate footballers in Switzerland
German football managers
FC Frauenfeld managers
VfB Stuttgart managers
Fenerbahçe football managers
Karlsruher SC managers
Adanaspor managers
FC Tirol Innsbruck managers
FK Austria Wien managers
Bundesliga managers
Süper Lig managers
2. Bundesliga managers
Austrian Football Bundesliga managers
Germany national football team managers
UEFA Euro 2008 managers
2010 FIFA World Cup managers
UEFA Euro 2012 managers
2014 FIFA World Cup managers
UEFA Euro 2016 managers
2017 FIFA


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 Confederations Cup managers
2018 FIFA World Cup managers
UEFA Euro 2020 managers
FIFA World Cup-winning managers
FIFA Confederations Cup-winning managers
German expatriate football managers
German expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
German expatriate sportspeople in Austria
Expatriate football managers in Switzerland
Expatriate football managers in Turkey
Expatriate football managers in Austria
Recipients of the Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of