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<mask> (born February 18, 1965) is an American prosecutor and judge. He was the 44th Attorney General of Wisconsin, serving from 2015 to 2019. He was defeated seeking re-election in 2018, and was subsequently appointed Wisconsin Circuit Court Judge in Waukesha County, Wisconsin, by Governor Scott Walker. Prior to winning election as Attorney General, <mask> was district attorney of Waukesha County. Early life and education
<mask> is a graduate of Mukwonago High School, and holds a B.A. in political science from the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (1987). He earned his Juris Doctor at the University of Wisconsin Law School in 1990.Legal career
He began his career as a prosecutor in 1990, when he joined the Waukesha County District Attorney's office. In 2006 <mask> was elected Waukesha County District Attorney. He would be re-elected without opposition in 2008, 2010, and 2012. In 2011, <mask> was appointed to serve on the Wisconsin Judicial Council and the Wisconsin Crime Victim Council. <mask> is an instructor in the Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice Department at Waukesha County Technical College, and is a former adjunct instructor at Concordia University Wisconsin. Attorney General of Wisconsin
On October 7, 2013, Van Hollen announced he would not seek reelection in 2014 for a third term as state attorney general. Van Hollen endorsed Schimel as his replacement.In the 2014 general election, <mask> defeated opponent Susan Happ. As Wisconsin Attorney General, <mask> appealed the ruling by

masks:
Brad Schimel
Schimel
Schimel
Schimel
Schimel
Schimel
Schimel
Schimel


type: original

texts:
 a federal judge in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin that Brendan Dassey, one of the subjects of Making a Murderer, had been coerced into confessing to a murder as an intellectually disabled 16-year old. Courts subsequently ruled either to free Dassey or block his release pending a new trial. Schimel argued that the United States Supreme Court should not hear Dassey's case; when the U.S. Supreme Court declined hearing Dassey's case, <mask> said he was pleased. Schimel also defended systemic gerrymandering by the state's Republican legislature, which resulted in Republicans controlling 64% of the legislative seats although the state is almost equally divided in the popular vote. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit rejected the state's most recent redistricting plan. <mask> petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court in 2017 to overturn that decision.In Gill v. Whitford (2019), the U.S. Supreme Court sided with Wisconsin Republicans, allowing partisan gerrymandering to continue. Career as state judge
In November 2018, after <mask> was defeated for reelection by Democratic candidate Josh Kaul, Republican Governor Scott Walker (who had lost his own re-election bid to Democratic candidate Tony Evers) appointed Schmiel to the Waukesha County Circuit Court. The state Democratic Party criticized the appointment. Walker announced the appointment the day after <mask> conceded to Kaul. Walker passed over 13 applicants for the position to appoint Schimel; it is

masks: Schimel Schimel Schimel Schimel


texts: unclear whether Schimel submitted a formal application for the judicial vacancy. Schimel had submitted letters of recommendation for four other applicants for the job, including one of his campaign coordinators. In October 2020, <mask> was an emcee at an Ozaukee County Republican Party fundraising event, alongside Ron Johnson and other Republican elected officials.This prompted criticism because Wisconsin state law states that judges must refrain from engaging in partisan political activity. <mask> defended his appearance at the event. Schmiel also attended a Donald Trump rally at the Waukesha County Airport later that month, although he "emphasized he was attending the rally as an individual and Trump supporter." During the COVID-19 pandemic, Schimel initially refused to wear a face covering while presiding in court, defying a statewide state court directive requiring the use of face coverings during in-person proceedings, as a measure to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. After public defenders complained for months that Schimel's actions were putting litigants and counsel at risk, Schmiel was reprimanded by the chief judge of the 3rd Judicial District. Chief Justice Patience Roggensack of the Wisconsin Supreme Court, who is the head of the Wisconsin state court system) barred <mask> from presiding over cases in person due to his refusal to wear a face covering (or hold proceedings all remotely via videoconference). The ban was lifted after Schimel agreed to wear a face covering in

masks: Schimel Schimel Schimel


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<mask>  (23 January 1929 – 7 December 2016) was an Australian journalist, critic, and non-fiction author. He became a visiting Professor of Journalism at the University of Lincoln, England, and was a media commentator on the intelligence services and propaganda. Biography

Born in Sydney, he began his career in 1946 as a copyboy with the Sydney Daily Telegraph. Two years as a cadet reporter with The Northern Star (Lismore) followed. He then temporarily left journalism to become a copra trader in Fiji. He next joined the Oceania Daily News (Suva), for which he wrote a social column titled Round the Town With Suzanne. The paper prided itself on being the "First Paper Published in the World Today" because of Suva's proximity to the International Dateline.<mask> returned to Australia and worked for The Herald in Melbourne interviewing newly arrived migrants at the docks. He returned to Sydney in 1952 joining the city's Daily Mirror as a crime reporter and covered Elizabeth II's visit to Australia in 1953/54. He left for London in November 1954 as foreign correspondent for the Daily Mirror, and then went to India as managing editor of the Bombay (Mumbai) literary magazine, Imprint. He learned much later that Imprint was funded by the CIA. Migrating to the UK in 1963, he became a special correspondent for The Sunday Times of London, remaining there until 1985. During this time he was a member of the 'Insight' investigative team. Over a three-year period from 1968 to 1971, <mask> prepared an investigative report about the development of thalidomide in Germany and its manufacture under licence by The Distillers Company in the UK without adequate testing.He also published

masks:
Phillip George Knightley
Knightley
Knightley


texts: an investigation into the Vestey family companies, which were structured to avoid tax. This resulted in a biography of the family titled The Rise and Fall of the House of Vestey in which he wrote that the family "did not live on the income; they did not live on the interest from their investments; they lived on the interest on the interest". After leaving The Sunday Times, he contributed literary criticism to the Mail on Sunday (London), The Independent (London), The Australian 's Review of Books, The Age (Melbourne), and the New York Review of Books. He lectured on journalism, law, and war at the Australian National Press Club in Canberra, the Australian Senate, City University, London, University of Manchester, Pennsylvania State University, University of California Los Angeles, Stanford University, the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, the Inner Temple, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), and to the University of Düsseldorf. <mask>'s main professional interests were war reporting, propaganda, and espionage. In more than 30 years of writing about espionage, he met most of the spy chiefs of all the major intelligence services in the world, and interviewed numerous officers and agents from all sides during the Cold War and since. In December 2010, he received media coverage for acting as a bail sureties provider for WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange.Having backed Assange by pledging bail in December 2010, <mask> lost the money in June 2012 when a judge ordered it to be forfeited, as Assange had sought to escape the jurisdiction of the English courts by entering the embassy of Ecuador. In 1997, <mask> was a judge for Canada's Lionel Gelber Prize,

masks: Knightley Knightley Knightley


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 which honours the world's best book on international relations. He was the European representative on the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists and patron of the C. W. Bean Foundation in Canberra. He was made a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in the Queen's Birthday Honours in June 2005, for "services to journalism and as an author". <mask> was married with two daughters, Aliya and Marisa, a son, Kim, and two granddaughters. He lived between London, Sydney and Goa in India. He died on 7 December 2016 at the age of 87.Awards and honours
 1980, 1988 – British Press Awards Journalist of the Year – one of only two journalists to have won the honour twice
 1982 – British Colour Magazine Writer of the Year
 1983 – British Chef and Brewer Crime Writer's award – for his investigation into a murder case in Italy
 1980 – Granada Television Reporter of the Year
 1975 – Overseas Press Club of America Award for The First Casualty as the best book on foreign affairs. 2006 – City University, London, Artes Doctor Honoris Causa (Honorary Doctor of Arts) for Services to Journalism and Authorship. 2007 – University of Sydney, Australia, Doctor Honoris Causa (Honorary Doctor of Letters) for Services to Journalism and Authorship. Publications
 The First Casualty: From the Crimea to Vietnam: The War Correspondent as Hero, Propagandist, and Myth Maker, 1975, on war and propaganda (in the United States, a Book of the Month Club main choice), 465 pages. The First Casualty: The War Correspondent As Hero and Myth-Maker from the Crimea to Kosovo. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002. 592 pages.The First Casualty: The War Correspondent as Hero and


texts:
 Myth-Maker from the Crimea to Iraq. 3rd edition: 2004, 608 pages. The Second Oldest Profession, 1986, on espionage (in the United States, a History Club alternative choice)
 Philby, KGB Master Spy, his biography of Kim Philby
 An Affair of State, about the 1963 John Profumo scandal in Britain, publication of which was banned in the United Kingdom
 The Secret Lives of Lawrence of Arabia (with Colin Simpson)
 Philby - The Spy Who Betrayed a Generation. (with Bruce Page, David Leitch) 1968 Andre Deutsch Limited
 The Pearl of Days, London, Hamilton, 1972, , the history of the Sunday Times Suffer the Children, about the Thalidomide tragedy
 The Death of Venice, , on attempts to save Venice from permanent flooding
 The Rise and Fall of the House of Vestey, on the business empire established by Sir William (later Baron) Vestey in 1897;
 A Hack's Progress, London : J. Cape, 1997, , his autobiography
 Australia: A Biography of a Nation, London : Jonathan Cape, 2000. <mask>, <mask>, Sarah Jackson, and Annabel Merullo; John Keegan (Introduction). The Eye of War: Words and Photographs from the Front Line''. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books, 2003.References

External links
 Personal website
 BBC Wars and Conflict Special Report: The Cambridge Spies by <mask>

1929 births
2016 deaths
Academics of City, University of London
Academics of the University of Lincoln
Australian expatriates in the United Kingdom
Australian historians
Australian investigative journalists
Australian political writers
Espionage writers
Historians of Australia
Writers from Sydney
Members of the Order of Australia
20th-century Australian journalists
21st-century Australian journalists
The Herald

masks:
Knightley
Phillip
Phillip Knightley


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Leighton Paul Walsh, better known by his stage name <mask>, is a Jamaican American DJ, MC and record producer who is better known as part of the dancehall reggae-influenced group Major Lazer alongside fellow DJs Diplo and Ape Drums. Walshy Fire toured with the Black Chiney sound system beginning in 2004. Black Chiney is cited as a significant influence on the evolution of Major Lazer with its mash ups that blend hip hop or R&B rhythms with reggae & R&B artist vocal tracks and its representation of the Jamaican sound system. The subsequent mix tapes that the Black Chiney collective of DJs, engineers and MCs would develop were the training ground for Walshy to become a remix producer. Early life
Walsh was born and raised in Carol City, Florida in a Chinese-Jamaican family. He attended North Miami Beach High School. He attended Clark Atlanta University for undergraduate studies and Florida A & M for graduate school where he completed a master's degree in Journalism.His brother is former West Indian fast bowler and captain, Courtney Walsh. Musical influences

<mask> <mask> has been influenced by reggae and dancehall traditions. In 2013, he said: "my sole purpose with this Major Lazer thing is to bring back some glory and international exposure [for] reggae and dancehall." His favorite reggae riddim is "The Answer" by the iconic producer Coxsone Dodd. Career

Major Lazer
Since 2012, <mask> <mask> has presided as master of ceremonies for Major Lazer. In 2013, he described his role as follows:Basically, Diplo is the selector and I'm the MC.

masks:
Walshy Fire
Walshy
Fire
Walshy
Fire


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 He's the one that picks the records and mixes the records and I'm the one that's out front and presents the records to people, makes speeches that makes the records make sense, and pulls up the records.I give the crowd humor when it's time to give them humor, emotion when it's time to give them emotion, and just keep the whole vibe intense throughout the whole set.He's contributed to production on the Major Lazer releases: APOCALYPSE SOON, Peace is the Mission. In the latter album, he cowrote the Chronixx song "Blaze Up The Fire" and lent his vocals to "Too Original". <mask> <mask> contributed to production on the Know No Better EP with Major Lazer. Walshy <mask> along with Diplo & Jillionaire host the Major Lazer Lazer Sound program on Apple Music's Beats 1. With Major Lazer Walshy <mask> has collaborated with artists from a variety of genres maintaining a commitment to cultural authenticity and in particular with regard to Caribbean music subgenres. On March 6, 2016, Major Lazer made the first appearance by a major American pop group in Cuba since the reinstatement of diplomatic relations. One year after the release of Peace is the Mission, Major Lazer announced the planned release of a new song with Justin Bieber and MØ entitled "Cold Water" which will be the lead track to the next Major Lazer album.This is a follow up to "Lean On" which featured MØ and has been played 149 million times via Major Lazer's SoundCloud and its official music video which has received 1.4 billion YouTube views. Walshy Fire Presents
Walshy Fire launched a

masks: Walshy Fire Fire Fire


texts:
 label in 2015 with its roots in Jamaica's sound system culture, and extending into other genres including hip-hop. Work with Caribbean artists and the presentation of the various subgenres of their music styles to wider audiences through live sets, pre-recorded mixes and broadcast music programs has fueled the Walshy Fire Presents label concept. Additional work
As a solo DJ, Walshy <mask> has held residencies in several Miami clubs over the years and continues to tour globally performing sets with mashups from multiple genres including reggae dancehall, roots reggae, soca, house, bass, moombahton, Latin, Afrobeat, hip-hop and old school R&B presented by MC commentary that sets up the songs for the listener. Walshy <mask> performs sets as part of his signature Rum & Bass concept which mixes world-influenced dance grooves with carnival culture. On June 7, 2019 Walshy Fire Presents: ABENG was released on Mad Decent Records. Walshy curated a first-of-its-kind conversation between Africa and the Caribbean, pairing artists from both regions on tracks spanning afrobeats, dancehall, soca and EDM.As Walshy Fire explains, "The intention of ABENG is to make the Caribbean and Africa have a conversation that is louder, and in the same studio or the same stage, at the same time." As a producer <mask> <mask> has contributed to several dancehall, reggae, and EDM projects. He is a co-producer on two songs: "Toast" & "Throne" on the Grammy-winning EP in the Reggae category by Jamaican artist Koffee entitled Rapture. "Toast" has been featured in TV and film

masks: Fire Fire Walshy Fire


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 including the Jordan Peele major motion picture "Us". In July 2019, Walshy <mask> signed a global publishing deal with Concord Music Publishing that covers all of his existing work. In 2021 he opened the Dante's Hifi vinyl bar in Miami Florida. Discography

Albums
 Peace Is the Mission (2015) (as Major Lazer)
 BE Inspired - Various Artists (Walshy Fire Presents 2016)
 Walshy Fire Presents: ABENG - Various Artists (Mad Decent 2019)

Singles
"Muevelo" - DJ Moiz, Tribal Kush, Walshy Fire Feat.Bay-C (Flex Up Records 2020)
"Throne" - Koffee  producers Walshy <mask>, EchoSlim, Sean Alaric, Nicko Rebel (Sony UK/Columbia 2019)
 "Hot (Bam Bam)" - Busy Signal, Walshy <mask>, DJ Septik (Walshy Fire Presents 2018)
 "Toast" - Koffee   producers Walshy <mask>, Izy Beats (Sony UK/Columbia 2018)
 "Never Let You In" - DJ Soda, Walshy <mask> (2018)
 "Love You Like Me" - Chen'Nelle   Walshy <mask> & Natty Rico Remix featuring Konshens (2018)
 "Yeah Yeah" - DJ Moiz, Tribal Kush, Walshy <mask> (Flex Up Records 2018)
 "Dangerous" - Walshy <mask>, Silva, Beatwalker, DJ Blass GIVE ME FUTURE soundtrack (Mad Decent 2017)
 "Work" - Popeye Caution (Walshy Fire Presents 2017)

masks: Fire Fire Fire Fire Fire Fire Fire Fire


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<mask> (born 11 February 1960) is an Irish Labour Party politician. He is a member of Dublin City Council in Dublin, Ireland. Political career
<mask> has been a member of Dublin City Council since 1993 - first representing the South East Inner City area and, since the 1999 local elections, the Pembroke area and the Rathmines Pembroke area. In 2014 he was elected for the Pembroke South Dock area. He has thus represented at one stage or another the entire Dublin South East Constituency and most of Dublin Bay South. He topped the poll in the 2004 local elections. He first joined the Labour Party in 1977 and has served as a Branch Officer and Constituency Officer for much of that time.He was a member of the National Youth Committee of Labour Youth and employed as the National Youth Development Officer for a period of ten years. He was Dublin South-East Director of Elections for various referendums and for Ruairi Quinn's Dáil campaign in the 2002 general election. On the City Council, <mask> has been: Chairperson of the South East Area Committee, the Enterprise and Employment Committee and the Strategic Policy Committees on Arts, Culture Leisure and Youth, the Finance Committee, the Housing Committee and is presently Chairperson of the Protocol Committee. He also served as Cathaoirleach of the Dublin Regional Authority, the Southern and Eastern Regional Assembly and the new Eastern and Midlands Regional Assembly. He is the only person to have held all three Regional posts. From July 2002 to July 2003, he served as Lord Mayor of Dublin. In the most controversial period of his officeholding, he cast the deciding vote at City Council to pass the 2003 budget, which included increases to domestic waste charges.This came after several meetings had failed to pass any budget, and the Minister for the Environment & Local Government had threatened to disband the City Council. After the vote, <mask> was expelled from the Labour Party Group on Dublin City Council, and spent the remainder of his term until the 2004 Local Elections as an Independent Councillor. However, he remained a member of the Labour Party, and, when his

masks:
Dermot Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey


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 term as Lord Mayor expired, returned to his previous job as a member of Labour Party staff. He contested the 2004 Local Elections as a Labour Party candidate in the Pembroke area, topping the poll on the first count, and rejoined the Labour Party Group on the City Council at its first meeting following that election. He was re-elected along with two other Labour Councillors for the Pembroke Rathmines area in 2009. He was re-elected for the Pembroke South Dock area in 2014 and for the Pembroke area in 2019. In 2011 he published "A Fair City - One Dublin Many Dubliners" which outlined a governance model for Dublin.In April 2012 he was elected Leader of the Labour Group on Dublin City Council and in September he was elected Cathaoirleach of the Southern and Eastern Regional Assembly. He was one of Dublin's highest paid public representatives in 2012/2013. In 2014 he went on the record to criticise pay rises for certain rural councillors, saying urban councillors like him deserved expense increases also. In December 2015, following an RTÉ Primetime Investigates programme, he said that many of the expense forms which councillors must complete are too complicated and should be simplified and streamlined. Background and other interests
<mask> has been for many years an active youth worker particularly within the Scout Movement. He was Vice president of the National Youth Council of Ireland for four years. He is a member of the City of Dublin Youth Service Board and has been twice appointed to the Board of FÁS representing "Youth Interests".He was elected Lord Mayor of Dublin for the period July 2002 to July 2003, and since its inception, has been a member of the Dublin City Development Board. At local level, <mask> is Chairperson of "Community Services - Sandymount, Irishtown, Ringsend". He was founder of the popular News 4 community newspaper. He is on the Board of the Donnybrook Community Playgroup and is a member of Clan na Gael Fontenoys GAA Club. He is a member of the Board of the Royal Hospital Donnybrook Voluntary Housing Association and Chairperson of the Donnybrook Community Employment Scheme Board. He

masks: Lacey Lacey


texts:
 was a member of the Governing Authority of UCD 2015-2020. He contributes regularly to the "Villagers" section of the Village Magazine.He is also a contributor on the internet discussion board Politics.ie. He lives with his wife Jill, who works in the child protection unit of Scouting Ireland, and two children in Donnybrook, Dublin. Scouting career
He was a member of the National Executive Board of Scouting Ireland (CSI) and was a key figure in the formation of Scouting Ireland. He was the Chairperson of 3rd/40th/41st Dublin, Donnybrook Scout Group, whose Venture Scouts were the winners of the Youth for Development Prize 2005 for their work in Peru. In 2006 he retired as Chairperson and is now the President of the Group, a non-executive position. He has often been a critic of the development of Scouting Ireland since its inception on January 1, 2004, stating that it has moved away from the goals of the creation of a single Scouting Movement in Ireland. He received the Order of the Silver Wolfhound under Scouting Ireland, thus making him an Honorary Member of the Order of CúChulainn.In October 2018 he was elected to the newly constructed Board of Scouting Ireland. In March 2019, following ongoing public discussion about concerns raised about Scouting Ireland's child protection practices, <mask> tweeted criticism of Tusla, saying it was arrogant and “allowed to get away with (it) by a lazy media and gullible politicians”. It followed public statements by the chair of Scouting Ireland that it was not in conflict with Tusla. He subsequently said that his criticism was not of Tusla's engagement with the board he sat on(and his wife's employer), but instead based on his experience in the fostering area. He said no public body "deserved less respect". This was reported in national newspapers. In 2017 to mark the 90th Anniversary of the Donnybrook ( former CBSI) Scout Group he published a Book, "All the Red Ties", a history of the Group.References

External links
dermotlacey.ie

1960 births
Living people
Local councillors in Dublin (city)
Lord Mayors of Dublin
Labour Party (Ireland) politicians
Irish


texts:
Ahmed Warsama, more commonly known as <mask> () was one of the leaders behind the Somali Dervish movement. He was also the movement's right-hand man and chief lieutenant till its demise in 1920. He is described as the Mullah's right hand in the earlier days of his rise. He hailed from the Adan Madoba sub-clan of the Habr Je'lo clan. Overview

<mask> was born approximately around 1857 in what's now Somaliland before the arrival of European powers to the Horn of Africa. Nothing is known about his early life, but as most of the Somalis of his time his early life and youth was spent in the interior as a nomad. The nickname " Sudi" in Somali means hot tempered.In Somali language the term means hot or scourging temperature an indication of his temperament. <mask> <mask>'s real name was Warsame Omar (according to the modern family descendants) but to the British he was known as Ahmed Warsama before the dervish. During his dervish years he was popular as <mask> <mask>. According to Pestalozza ( Aden, Yemen, Italian General-counsel and a man who met both the Mullah and <mask> Sudi in 1904),  Xaaji Suudi had been an Arab interpreter in the British service for twenty-five years in Sawakin, Egypt and Sudan, at the time of the Mahdist movement. He came into disagreement with the British authorities became the most valuable adviser of the Sayid. The earliest record of <mask> <mask>'s life was his Royal Navy stint as an interpreter commencing in the early 1880s. He accompanied William Hewett on his mission to Abyssinia according to Cecil Lowther who hired him as a guide and a headman for

masks:
Haji Sudi
Haji Sudi
Haji
Sudi
Haji
Sudi
Haji
Haji
Sudi


texts:
 his 1894 big game hunting expedition in Somaliland."<mask> Ahmed the interpreter and headman, a tall, slight fellow of thirty-five years of age, with close-shaven head immense mouth disclosing a row of gleaming teeth a great man in the estimation of all( having three times made the journey to Mecca having a fourth trip in prospect). He had been years in the English Navy as interpreter, and accompanied Admiral Hewitt on his mission to Abyssinia "

In 1884-1885 <mask> <mask> spent time as an interpreter during the Suakin Expedition against Osman Digna dervishes directly observing the ways of the Sudanes Dervish during his work abroad HMS Ranger under William Hewett. almost fifteen years later <mask> <mask> will teach the Mullah what he learned of the methods of Osman Digna and Muhammad Ahmad Al-Mahdi. “His purely political adherents were almost solely confined to a few dragomen and disgruntled Somalis residing in Aden, who cherished some personal grudge against the British Government. Typical of these was <mask> <mask>, an ex-interpreter of the Royal Navy, who had been at Suakin and was conversant with Dervish customs, many of which he imported into Somaliland. For one and twenty years he was the Mullah's trusty lieutenant".

" <mask> <mask> was an ex-interpreter of the Royal Navy.He had been at Suakin and was conversant with Dervish ways and had imported many of their customs." In 1892 he accompanied John Walter Gregory to east Africa, Gregory observing <mask> <mask>'s habit and manners in 1892-1893 expedition made the following observation regarding his character and his

masks: Haji Haji Sudi Haji Sudi Haji Sudi Haji Sudi Haji Sudi


texts: religious dervish zeal. "The headman Wasama was also the priest of the Somali. His chant was the music which marked time at the dervish dances, and his the exhortations that roused the dancers to their wildest fury. At sunrise and sunset he stood on his praying-mat in front of the line of Somali, and led their devotions. But Wasama would never have preferred death to defilement ; when I mixed brandy with medicine for the sick men, he would give them the dose and swear that the "dowo" contained nothing unholy. He had been for some years an interpreter on a man-of-war, and there he had learnt not only " fo'castle English," but also the differences between an esoteric and an exoteric faith.He preached the one, but was always ready to practise the other, and his sermons were delivered in language of appalling profanity. I remember once when a Somali tried to shirk some work on the excuse that he was bound to go and pray. Wasama expounded the orthodox Mohammedan rules for prayer in language that would have scandalised Billingsgate. Often, when at his devotions in one corner of the camp, his keen eye would detect a man doing something that he ought not to do; Wasama would at once leap from his mat and hurl at the culprit a volley of blood-curdling oaths, and then drop on to his mat again to conclude the interrupted prayer. But in spite of his language, Wasama was a man who did high credit to the Somali race. He was kind-hearted, devoted, energetic, courageous, intelligent, and skilful. A chronology on the beginning of the Dervish movement February-1899-March 1901.In


texts: mid-February 1899 Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, later the spiritual head of the Dervish movement, for the first time came to the attention of the British authority at Berbera. James Hayes Sadler updating the colonial office on 12 April 1899, stated that the Somali Coastal Administration initially came to hear about this Mullah of Kob Fardod on mid February 1899 when the new Stipendiary Akil Ahmed Muhammad Shermarki (Habr Yunis, Mussa Arrah) raided some livestock belonging to the religious mullahs of Kob Fardod. This incident brought Sultan Nur to the tariqa at Kob Fardod, after Sultan Madar Hirsi, his rival, assisted the mullahs in recovering the stocks and thus gaining the allegiance and support of the tariqa for his rival sultanate. Contrary to the fanciful adventure later writers wrote about him, the Mullah only came to the attention of the British in February 1899, he never confronted the authority at Berbera upon arrival in 1895 as some claim, nor were there major uprisings in Berbera as official Somali biographies purport, much of this embellishment was a later invention, beyond a few complaints about not receiving their full herds, the mullahs at Kob Fardod and Mohammed Abdullah Hassan had no complaints against the British coastal administration and even the French Roman Catholic Mission which had been established in Berbera since the early 1890s. Mohamed Abdullah Hassan lived in Berbera and his relatives both Duale Liban, a clerk in Berbera customs, and Deria Magan, a personal translator of the council-general, both held high positions in Berbera administration.


texts: Mohammed Abdullah Hassan married a sister of Duale Liban and had his first son Mahdi in Berbera in 1893. Throughout the month of March, the Mullahs peacefully corresponded with the coastal authority in friendly terms, requesting the remainder of their herd.On March 29, 1899, the vice-council at the coast sent a letter to the Mullah requesting the return of a stolen rifle. The Mullah replied in person to this letter as it was addressed to him personally, denying any knowledge of such a matter. On April 10,camel sowar Ahmed Adan, who carried the letter to the mullah, arrived at Berbera with two replies and made a report to the effect that the assembled mullahs at Kob Fardod and the various tribesmen adopted a hostile attitude and referred to him as a Kafir in addition he reported that a number of them had rifles and were practicing. On April 20, Dragoman Deria Magan, Hayes Sadler's personal translator and a relative of the Mullah was sent to ascertain the nature of the activities at Kob Fardod. He reported that the Mullah had 52 rifles with about 200 rounds of ammunition and that the various tribesmen Habr Toljaala and Dolbahnata were wavering and they hold no hostile attitude towards the administrations. He added that the Mullah had abandoned the cause of Sultan Madar Hirsi and was now espousing the sultanate of Nur who had recently brought presents and was with him. He also stated that the Mahmood Girad had recently raided the Aligheri.End of April 1899, the dervish movement was declared adopting the term "dervish" to refer to their core followers not their allied


texts: clans-men, and they also announced their independence, having their own Amir, Sultan and chiefs. However, they didn't declare war or open hostility, they merely requested to be respected as an independent community. End of June 1899, Sultan Nur leaves the triqa at Kob Fardod and arrives in his country Odweina in an effort to collect arms and men from the western section of the Habr Yunis clan. On June 27, James Hayes Sadler sent a letter to Nur inquiring about his intentions and involvement in the new movement, no reply was received. In early July 1899, Sultan Nur called for a tribal assembly for the western Habr Yunis on July 22. However, the assembly was aborted when most of the western Habr Yunis clan refused to join the rebellion. Sultan Nur, failing to convince the western Habr Yunis, left eastward to Burao joining the eastern section of the clan who declared allegiance to the new dervish cause.In the end of August, 1899, the dervish assembled at Burao, declaring an open war. On September 1 a letter arrived from the dervish camp at Burao to Berbera essentially a declaration of war. In September 1899  after assembling at Burao the Dervish and their clan allies attacked the western Habr Yunis at Odweina under the insistence of Sultan Nur to punish the clansmen who opposed his call to join the rebellion. Also at the end of September they burned and looted the  Ahmadia Tariqa at Sheikh. In October 1899  the chief of the Dolbahnata, Girad Ali Farah, was murdered by the Dervish. The Dolbahnata chief Girad Ali Farah sent a letter to the British Coastal administration


texts:
 disavowing the Mullah's cause and the Dervish rebellion . In November 1899 the core Dervish forces crossed the border into Ethiopia and settled at Harradiggit (Hara-Digeed).In March 1900, the Dervish allies in the Ogaden were defeated at the battle of Jig Jiga, no dervishes participated in this battle. In July 1900, The Dervishes loot and raid the Aidagalla clan in Ethiopia. In August 1900, the dervish attack the habr Awal tribe killing 220 including women and children, losing 130 raiders killed. In October 1900, a combined various Isaq tribes (Samatar/Ahmed Abdalla, Habr Yunis and Aidagalla) attack the dervish and the Ogaden in retaliations crossing the border into Ethiopia. In March 1901, the dervish reentered Somaliland protectorate after being pushed out by the Abyssinian forces and their Somali tribal allies ( Mohamed Zubeir Ogaden)  from Ethiopia border. Joining the Tariqa of Kob Fardod (1897-1898)
<mask> <mask> retired to the interior of Somaliland in the summer of 1897, after his headman career was abruptly ended after the Somali Coast administration imprisoned him on the recommendations of one Bertram Robert Mitford Glossop a big game hunter. He retired to the interior to his hamlet among his brothers Baashe and Qeybdiid.Sometime between 1897 and 1898 Baashe his brother was killed in a tribal war with the neighboring Dolbahanta clan. Upon capturing Durraan one of the accused Qaybdid (Gaibdeed killed in Ferdiddin battle along with his two sons) chose to release him and instead pursue traditional clan settlement. Some British colonial records claim that the tariqa

masks: Haji Sudi


texts:
 of Mohammed Abdullah Hassan interfered and meditated between the two clans thus introducing Sudi to the mullahs community at Kob Fardod, but most likely in late 19 century Somaliland due to the small populations and the nomadic nature of the tribes most notable Somalis knew one another personally. Prior to the period Qaybdid the brother of <mask> married Hassan's paternal aunt, a more likely scenario of Sudi been introduced to the Tariqa at Kob Fardod. Captain McNeill in his book " in pursuit of the Mad Mullah" having faced Haji <mask>, the Mulah and Sultan Nur in the first expeditions narrated this version of <mask>'s brother murder and Sudi's joining the Tariqa or Zawiya (institution) at Kob Fardod:

"The way in which he came to be an adherent of Mahomed Abdullah is worthy of mention, as throwing some light on the latter's character, and showing how well he could adopt a conciliatory policy towards those whom he wished to gain over to his side. Ahamed Warsama belonged to the Adan Madoba tribe, and one day, just when the Mullah was beginning to make his power felt, Mullah turned to the latter (Ali Gheri) and threatened to use all his influence, religious and temporal, against them, and to bring down on them all the other tribes who were under his influence unless they obeyed. As the Ali Gheri have very large herds both of sheep and camels, this would have been a grand chance for the neighboring tribes, of which they would not have hesitated to avail themselves.The result of this threat was that the Ali Gheri agreed not only to restore the looted camels, but to pay

masks: Sudi Sudi Sudi


texts:
 another hundred as blood -money for the death of <mask> <mask>'s brother. Thus the latter gained a hundred camels, and the Mullah got as an adherent a man whose experience of the world, and of the British Sahib and his ways, was of the greatest use to him, <mask> <mask> having been headman to various expeditions, and having also spent some time as interpreter on an English man-of-war. In addition to Somali he could speak English, Hindustani, Arabic, and Swahili, so he was not a man whose services could be lightly dispensed with. It has often made me think with regret of the many times I could have blown this rascal's head off in 1895 if I had only known! At the same time he might have done the same to me, if he had only known what the future was to be." “In 1895 after which he returned to his tariga, Kob Fardod, in the Dolbahanta. Here he gradually acquired influence by stopping inter-tribal warfare, and eventually started a religious movement in which the Rer Ibrahim (Mukabil Ogaden) Ba Hawadle (Miyirwalal Ogaden) and the Ali Gheri(Dolbahanta) were the first to join.His emissaries also soon succeeded in winning over the Aden Madoba, notable amongst whom was <mask> <mask>, his trusted lieutenant, and Ahmed Farih and reer Yuusuf, all Habr Toljaala, and the Musa Ismail of the Eastern Habr Yunis, with Sultan Nur.”

When did exactly <mask> <mask> joined the tariqa at Kob Fardod is not known but its generally between 1896 and 1897 when the mullah Mohammed Abdullah Hassan himself joined the Kob Fardod tariqa. The Kob Fardod mullah settlement had long been there before the

masks: Haji Sudi Haji Sudi Haji Sudi Haji Sudi


texts:
 dervish rebellion. By the outbreak of the dervish rebellion in August 1899 <mask> was among the top five (Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, <mask> <mask>, Deria Arrale, Deria Gure and Nur Ahmed Aman) wanted leaders of the movement. In his orders to the heads of the military expeditions, Hayes-Sadler the Somaliland coast Consul-General issued the followings as to the future treatments upon surrender of the heads of Dervish:

In the unlikely event of the: Mullah offering to surrender, in his case and that of the Following: Ahmed Warsame known as <mask> <mask> Deria Araale Deria Gure Only an unconditional surrender should be accepted, no guarantee of any kind as to future treatment being given. Sultan Nuur the late sultan of the Habar Yunis, may be guaranteed his life. J. Hayes-Sadler, His Britannic Majesty's Consul-General, Somali Coast Protectorate. Aden April 11, 1901.Samala battle June 2–3, 1903 known as Afbakayle in Somali. Before dispatching forces to face the Dervish at Samala Consul-General Hayes Salder made the following instructions to the overall commander of the forces

Eric John Eagles Swayne:

"In the unlikely event of the: Mullah offering to surrender, in his case and that of the Following: Ahmed Warsama (known as <mask> <mask>), Deria Arale, Deria Gure Only an unconditional surrender should be accepted no guarantee of any kind to future treatment been given. Sultan Nur the late sultan of the Habr Yunis, may be guaranteed his life." J. Hayes-Sadler, His Britannic Majesty's Consul-General, Somali Coast Protectorate. Aden April 11, 1901." By December 1900, 21 officers

masks: Sudi Haji Sudi Haji Sudi Haji Sudi


texts:
 of the British and Indian army with a force of 1,500 Somali Levy from the raiding tribes were ready to operate against the dervish in 1901. To prevent the Dervish from fleeing west across the Ethiopian border, Ethiopian cooperation was sought and the Abyssinian king sent a force of 8,000 soldiers in January 1901, the Ethiopian operations began at once, three months before the British expeditions, the Ethiopians managed to push the dervish across the Somaliland border and punish the clans who were involved in assisting the dervish.On May 22 Swayne's forces on their way burned the entire settlement of Kob Fardod leaving only the mosque. Their next operation was to punish clans that supported the Mullah, they seized 3,500 camels from the Habr Toljaalaa Adan Madoba  and the Dolbahanta Jama Siad. On June 2 these tribes, along with dervish forces, attacked McNeill's zariba at Samala to recapture back their herds. On the afternoon of June 2, the dervish attacked McNeil's encampment ( zeriba) with
a force of some five hundred horse and two thousand foot. The dervish leaders <mask> <mask>, sultan Nur and the Mullah watched the battle from a nearby hill. After have been repulsed with many casualties, the dervish attacked the same night with no avail, on the 3rd of June the following morning at 9:00.A.M the dervish attacked with 5000 strong not been able to get anywhere near the zariba before having been shot, the dervish forces were broken, in the two day fighting the dervish lost 150 dead on the battlefield and counted on the actual scene, the British further claimed they have


texts:
 killed six hundreds, counted dead men who died on the road between Weylahed ( weyl-lagu-xidh here where the subsequently the dervish came face to face with Swayne's flying column ) and Ana Hargili ( Caana-Xadhigle). McNeil lost 18 in killed and wounded.Failing to regain their stocks, both the dervish and their clan allies retreated on June 3. Subsequently, it came to the knowledge of Swayne that the Mullah initially wanted to attack Swayne's zariba, but Sultan Nur persuaded the dervish that an attack on McNeill's zariba would yield some 400 rifles. The fleeing Dervish accidentally encountered the column of Swayne on the 4th of June, here at Weylahed a small skirmishes took place ending with a prolonged chase of the fleeing scattered dervish horsemen, but the dervish managed to escape. The pursuit continued until the dervish crossed into the Haud. A reporter from The London Times on June 22, 1901, sent a report of the campaigns describing the next encounter after Samala:

"Prisoners asserted that the Mullah had sworn on the Koran to attack us that day, whatever the consequences might be, and Colonel Swayne, therefore, determined to anticipate him. We prepared to attack the largest body—that on the left side of the valley. The Camel Corps and Mounted Infantry at once moved out, and had proceeded some three miles, when scouts reported that the whole plain beyond the hill was simply swarming with men, both horse and foot, and that an attack' by the Mullah himself, with a large body of cavalry, on the rear of the column, was imminent.It was at once decided to zariba all the


texts: transport at the foot' of a small hill under the protection of two companies, and to engage the whole of the enemy with the remainder. Captain Mereweather, with a portion of the Mounted Infantry, was sent back to cover this movement of a large body of the ~ enemy's cavalry began to enter the' valley by an opening in the hills in the rear of our force. They advanced on the Mounted Infantry, firing as they came. The remainder of the Mounted Infantry and the Camel Corps were then reinforced by Captain. Mereweather, and after a few rounds from the Maxim the enemy began to move towards a defile' in the hills. The Mounted and Camel Corps at once started off at a hard galloping pursuit, and' after exciting long chase of about six miles caught up the enemy at the entrance to a "deep gorge in the hills". At this point some 20 of the enemy were slain, their losses killed during the pursuit being about 100.Our losses were two killed, five wounded, and seven horses killed. The retreat -here became a total rout. As the enemy went ' they dropped rifles and ammunition. Much of their ammunition is of the most deadly kind, flat-nosed bullets, split bullets, and soft-nosed bullets, with crosses cut in the tips, figuring prominently. It appeared certain that all three of the enemy's leaders were in front of our men. Namely, the Mad Mullah himself, <mask> Sudi, and Sultan Nur, and we needed no further incentive to do our best. At intervals, hand to land fights took place, and the losses of the enemy were evinced by the number of riderless horses”.Subsequently, the British forces concluded


texts:
 from the dervish casualties the implicated clans and found out that the bulk of the dervish forces at Samala were of the sub clans of Kayat, Aadan Madoba, Rer Hagar, Ali Gheri, Nur Ahmed, Jama Siad, and Mijjarten. On June 19 Sawayne decided to punish the refractory clans by ceasing their herds, the Jama Siad and Rer Hagar easily came to terms, by July 8 the operations concluded where the Ali Gheri losing some 60 men and some 6,000 camels the last clans came to submission and their elders came to Berbera. Ferdiddin July 17, 1901

Recrossing the border from the Haud into Italian Somalia in the Mudug region, the Mullah collected his most fanatical followers the real dervish ( men who were mostly mullahs and under oath to fight to the end as opposed to tribal opportunistic clan allies ), the dervish withdrew from Mudug and arrived back into British Somaliland and encamped in Beretabli. Swayne arriving at Courgerod with his forces made contacts with the rear of the enemies and spies later discover the bulk of the enemy forces were in force in Firidddin. Swayne chose to attack at early down travelling through the night,  with 700 men 75 mounted and 100 left behind to guard the supplies, Swayne attacked with 600 men and 350 Dolbahnata tribesmen, they attacked the Dervish at Ferdiddin. Sawyne described the fight at Firdiddin in his official correspondence:

“On getting this news I moved my force from Bohotele via Yaheyl and Weyla Hedd to Firdiddin, and attacked the Mullah at later place. The Mullah's Mijjertein riflemen were in considerable strength with Lebel and Martini-henry


texts:
 rifles.His force were however scattered, and he himself was driven back into Italian territory. The Mijjertein lost heavily, and also the Mullah's own family. His brother-in-law, Gaibdeed, was killed, as well as two sons-in-law, <mask> <mask>'s brother and nephews, &c. Sultan Nur's camels and the Mullah's cattle were captured. The pursuit was carried on into the bush in the Haud”. Gaibdeed and two of his sons (been the brother of <mask> <mask> and nephews) were among the leaders killed. The dervish lost a large numbers of well known mullahs and over 60 bodies counted. The fleeing dervish fared no better after five days in the waterless Haud many died and <mask> <mask>, the Mullah and his eldest son only survived by water from the stomach of slaughtered camels.After the defeat the enemy fled south across the Italian border and were pursued some miles the forces had to stop to regroup. Short of water and some 50 miles away from their nearest supplies Swayne was compelled to abort the pursuit. Facing the authentic dervish mostly mullahs, Swayne was impressed by their tenacity and ferocity commenting :

“I was impressed with the danger of the Dervish movement. Until I actually saw the Mullah’s men fighting, I had no idea that a Somali could be so influenced by fanaticism. I am speaking of the Dervishes, the men who, following the custom of the Suakin Dervishes, have thrown over father and mother and their own tribe to follow the Mullah. They have passwords, wear a white turban and special bravery, and have sworn to throw up all worldly advantages. Of course a certain number

masks: Haji Sudi Haji Sudi Haji Sudi


texts:
 even of these Dervishes have joined the Mullah simply for the sake of loot, but there are, on the other hand, a considerable number who are pure fanatics.At Ferdiddin and at McNeil's Zeriba these were the men who led and who were shot down. At Ferdiddin, after the others had fled, a number of these men remained behind to fight to end, and were shot down as we advanced. When recording the name of the enemy’s dead, I found that a large number were Hajis or Sheikhs.”

Erigo/Erego October 6–7, 1902. In December 1901 the Dervish raided the a sub sections of the Habr Tojaalaa and on February 1, 1902, news reached the Somaliland protectorate British authority that the Dervish were planning a raid against the tribes from their positions east of the protectorate. On February 7 and 13, the dervishes waged a devastating attack on Habr Yunis and Dolbahnata tribes men east of Burao. The London Gazette reported "On the 7th February, the Mullah had despatched another raiding force against our Jama Siad friendly tribes, 100 miles to the east of the scene of his raid of the 13th February, and here again our tribes suffered heavily. Burao and Berbera became filled with destitute refugees and 2000 persons were fed daily at Burao alone.1903

In the first week of October the Somali and Yoas led by few British officers at last arrived within the reach of their enemies. They formed a Zariba in a clearing Awan Eergo in a very dense bush, and around 4 pm the enemy were hiding in all the surrounding bushes. The British led forces were compelled to advance slowly, immediately the Dervish attacked


texts:
 from all directions causing the British led forces front line to fall back in a disarray, but the rear companies stood firm holding their position, the 2nd King African Rifles and 6th King Africans Rifles in the extreme right and left, fell back in a sudden panic, rescued by one-half company in the front the troops rallied and held their ground under intense fire. In the severity of the fight the transport camels stampeded with the 2nd African Rifles and two Somali companies Ltd Swayne managed to push the enemies for 2 miles and recover 1,800 of the transport camels. in the aftermath of the battle it was discovered a maxim gun was missing, casualties included 2 officers killed and 56 levies. Both the Somali and Yoa performed great in the 6th but on the 7th of October the severity of the fight sunk their spirit and the officers leading the forces complained that they couldn't rely on their men. The dervish in the other hand lost greatly, some 62 death 40 of them Hajis and Mullahs and all 6 commanders of their force were killed.In the western side of the protectorate the highest Somali native officer Risaldar-major Musa Farah attacked the dervish tribal allies,
"By June 10, Musa Farah's detached Levy of 450 rifles had reached Kurmis. After collecting 5,000 tribesmen from the western side of the Protectorate, Musa Farah had transported them across the waterless Haud where it was over 100 miles broad, had attacked the western Dervish encampments, had routed them in all directions, and had finally succeeded in transporting his force back across the Haud, together with his


texts:
 captured livestock, amounting to 1,630 camels, 200 cows, and 2,000 sheep. For this service His Majesty King Edward VII rewarded the Risaldar-Major with a sword of honour. At the conclusion of the first and second expeditions, the British administrations and the colonial office were satisfied at the conclusion of the first two expeditions, despite the leaders of the Dervish having not all been either killed or captured. Gabriel Ferrand, the Vice-Council of France following these events observed that "Neither the Mahdi nor his chief advisor Ahmed Warsama, better known under the name <mask> <mask>, nor the Sultan Nur,leader of the Habr Younis clan were killed or captured. The optimism Colonel Sadler and Lieutenant-Colonel Swayne in the latest reports relating to military operations is inexplicable." Gumburu April 17, 1903 and Daratoleh April 22, 1903.The third expedition was launched January 3, 1903 with a new commander, Sir William Henry Manning. The plane was to encircle and trap the dervish from all sides. The main body of the forces were to advance from Obbia in Italian Somalia to the wells of Galkayo while one land at Berbera and form lines through Bohotleh. The dervish leaders, upon hearing news of the Obbia forces landing with a body of horsemen, left for Milmil and Haradiggitt rallying tribal allies:

Towards the end of March news reached the British forces of whereabouts the bulk of the dervish forces. Defectors and captives claimed the dervish forces were in Galadi. A reconnaissance patrol led by captain Plunkett was sent by Manning to Galadi where they met the


texts:
 bulk of the dervish forces majority made of Somali Bantu clans of the Makana and Derjele tribes. Between 16 and 17 April the British small forces made up of Somalis, Indians and Yaos were encircled from all directions and decimated.All 9 officers were killed and 89 rank and file were killed. The battle took place in a small hill Gumburu close to Galadi. Before the news of the disaster at Gumburu made it to the British forces another column from Bohotleh forces engaged another dervish forces at Daratoleh the later forces were defeated by the British forces. The bulk of the main dervish forces without their tribal allies moved to Halin in June 1903; according to the intelligence report of the period:

"A deserter from the enemy stated that the Mullah. accompanied by <mask> <mask> and Sultan Nur, with a large force of horse and footmen, reached Kurmis on 8th June, camped near Lasakante on 9 June, and moved towards Dannot early on 10 June on their way towards the Nogal. On 12th June mounted scout could not get through from Bohotle to Dannot owing to the numbers of the enemy's horsemen watching the road. On 13th June two deserters from the mullah came into Bohotle and stated that the Mullah with his whole force was on his way to Nogal with a view of establishing his Haroun at Halin.Intelligence Report from 11th July 1903". 4 August 1903. — a deserter from the Mullah, named Abbas Isman (Ibrahim), came into Bohotle at 5.30 a.m. His story is as follows <mask> <mask> is still his trusted adviser. Sultan Nur still lives with the Mullah, but no longer is keen to help him. Abbas was

masks: Haji Sudi Haji Sudi


texts: with the Mullah at Wardair during the fight. When the fight was over a horseman galloped to Wardair and announced that the English had been wiped out. The Mullah immediately mounted his pony, Dodimer and rode hard to the field of battle.The Mullah was absent from the battle and much of the command of the dervish fighters fell upon Sultan Nur. This fact caused the rift between the Mullah and Sultan Nur which the informant alluded to in his report. These two encounters, despite a heavy loss by the dervish, were the only dervish victory over the British forces. Jidballi January 10, 1904. This was not the mere handful they had fought at Samala, at Gumburu, or at Daratoleh. It was no reconnaissance, nor yet was it a hastily recruited tribal levy such as they had faced at Ferdhiddin or Erigo. In comparison, General Egerton's force at Jidbali must have seemed to them a mighty army; and, in very truth, it comprised some of the best seasoned British, Indian, and African troops at the Empire's disposal.On the other hand, the Darwishes numbered from 6000 to 8000 fighting men, representing the pick of the Mullah's forces. The command of the British forces was taken over by major-general Charles Egerton with fresh reinforcement from India and Aden, on July 4, 1903, Egerton arrived at Berbera. From his arrival to mid October Egerton was engaged in improving roads, building an advance bases at kirrit and improving water supplies. Also Egerton raised two more Somali irregular mounted corps, the Gedabursi Horse ( 500 men from the Gedabursi clan) and the Tribal Horse (mainly from eastern


texts: Habr Yunis, Habr Tojalaa and Dolbahnata clans). Meanwhile, the dervish were encamped at Halin-Gerrowei-Kalis line of villages and they made Halin their main headquarter. In October the Dervish occupied the small port at Illig in the Mijjertein coast. Manning was given orders to occupy Galadi and by end of November 1903 Galadi was occupied without incidents.The water insufficient, Manning left a detachments there and stationed the bulk of his troops at Bohotle. The first clashes between the Dervish and British forces occurred in December 1903 when news came that the Dervish camp was formed at Jidbali. Egerton ordered lieutenant-Colonel Kenna to make a reconnaissances and to induce the Dervish in an engagement. Coming upon many dervish camp fires at Jidbali, Kenna opened fire in an attempt to dislodge the dervishes from their zaribas. After three hours of periodic fires Kenna withdrew estimating the enemy force to consist of around 1,500 foot and 200 horsemen. On 9 January, Egerton assembled his massive forces 20 miles east of Badwein having ascertained the dervish were in force in Jidbali. On 10 January 1904, the dervish for the first time fought regular troops in an open country, also in terms of numbers of troops the British forces were the largest thus far.The Mullah was not present in the battle, he was curiously absent. Sending Kenna to the flank of the enemy to block any retreats, Egerton opened his mountain battery guns orderings his troops to kneel or lay down. Upon the commencing of the fight the dervish rushed from cover to cover to through grass and brushes


texts:
 attacking the left. However they were unable to stand the intensity of the fire, the dervish again regrouped and tried to attack from the front and the right. Sergeant Gibbs did an excellent job with the maxim gun, and the K.A.R and Sikh firing was remarkable, with in few minutes the dervish line collapsed and they retreated in full flight, pursued by the mounted Gedabursi Horses and Tribal Horses the rout of the dervish army was completed. Dervish activities 1905–1919

On March 28, 1905, the Italian Ambassador in London informed the British Foreign Office that an Agreement had been reached at Illig on the 5 March between Cavaliere Pestalozza and the dervish at Illig. immediately not long after the Dervish resumed their old method of raiding Somali clans in particular and almost exclusively the Daarood clan which the Mullah himself belonged to.1914: a telegram from Commissioner of the Somaliland Protectorate to Secretary of State for the Colonies 13 August 1914, stated an anticipated Dervish concentration in the Ain has not materialised. No further developments reported from Jidali except successful spread of Dervish propaganda in that locality by the ex naval interpreter <mask> <mask>. According to Hastings Ismay during his years in service in Somaliland from 1915 to 1920. In March 1917 haji Sudi began building Surud forts. <mask> <mask>'s death; the last expedition 1920

During the last campaign on January 21 the attack began with the bombing of Medishi and Jidali fort in the Surad mountain ranges. <mask> <mask> along with the Mullah and various top dervish were


texts:
 residing in Medishi fort during the first strike most of the dervish forts in Surad ranges (Jid Ali, Boran, Medishi and Galbaribur on the coast) were bombed. In the ensuing confusion of the dervish <mask> <mask> with commander Ibrahim Bogol endeavored to regroup forces and gathered livestock and headed south to Taleh fort, while the Mullah in his initial shock fled and hid in a nearby cave.On the 5th or 6 February <mask> <mask> forces along with the northern dervish commander Ibrahim Bogol engaged in a fight with the Somali tribal forces of 500 lead by Risaldar Major <mask> Musa Farah. <mask> <mask> and Ibrahim Bogol both leaders of the dervish forces were killed. ."

See also
Sultan Nur Ahmed Aman
Ibrahim Boghol
Mohammed Abdullah Hassan
Somaliland Campaign

References

1857 births
1920 deaths
19th-century Somalian people
20th-century Somalian

masks: Haji Sudi Haji Sudi Haji Haji Sudi


texts:
<mask> (August 25, 1878 – August 20, 1942) was an American silent film actor and director. His name was also seen as <mask>. <mask> was born in San Francisco, California, and attended school there. He was the brother of actors <mask>, <mask>, and <mask>. After acting on stage, <mask> began acting in films in 1902 with Biograph. His film work included The Count of Monte Cristo (1913), before becoming a director at Universal. He is perhaps best-remembered by modern audiences as J. Widdecombe Billows, the eccentric inventor of the eating machine, in Charlie Chaplin's Modern Times (1936).In the 1910s, <mask> directed at Universal, and in the early 1920s he returned to acting. He diversified his activities in 1919, joining his wife in her real-estate business in Hollywood. On August 20, 1942, <mask> died in Los Angeles, California, aged 63. Filmography

Actor

1910s
 The Hand of Mystery (1912, Short)
 The Ways of Fate (1913, Short)
 The Scarlet Letter (1913, Short) .... Roger Chillingworth
 Mission Bells (1913, Short)
 Mother (1913, Short)
 The Trap (1913, Short) .... Chance
 The Echo of a Song (1913, Short) .... A modern fagin
 Criminals (1913, Short) .... Richard Wainwright / John Dick
 The Thumb Print (1913, Short) .... The Cook (credited as Malcolm J<mask>)
 When Death United (1913, Short)

masks:
Murdock MacQuarrie
Murdock McQuarrie
MacQuarrie
Albert MacQuarrie
Frank MacQuarrie
George MacQuarrie
MacQuarrie
MacQuarrie
MacQuarrie
. MacQuarrie


texts:
 .... (credited as Malcolm MacQuarrie)
 The Count of Monte Cristo (1913) .... Danglars
 The Boob's Dream Girl (1913, Short) .... Count Alberti (credited as Malcolm MacQuarrie)
 Red Margaret, Moonshiner (1913, Short) .... Government Agent
 Bloodhounds of the North (1913, Short) .... Mountie
 The Lie (1914, Short) .... Auld MacGregor
 The Honor of the Mounted (1914, Short) .... Mountie
 Remember Mary Magdalen (1914, Short) .... The Minister
 Discord and Harmony (1914, Short) ....The Composer
 The Menace to Carlotta (1914, Short) .... Tony's Father
 The Embezzler (1914, Short) .... John Spencer
 The Lamb, the Woman, the Wolf (1914, Short) .... The Lamb
 The End of the Feud (1914, Short) .... Hen Dawson
 The Tragedy of Whispering Creek (1914, Short) .... The Stranger
 The Unlawful Trade (1914, Short) .... The Revenue Man
 Heart Strings (1914, Short)
 The Forbidden Room (1914, Short) .... Dr. Gibson
 The Old Cobbler (1914, Short) .... The Cobbler
 The Hopes of Blind Alley (1914, Short) .... Jean Basse
 A Ranch Romance (1914, Short) .... Jack Deering
 Her Grave Mistake (1914, Short) .... Roger Grant
 By the Sun's Rays (1914, Short) .... John Murdock
 The Oubliette (1914, Short) .... François Villon
 A Miner's Romance (1914, Short) .... Bob Jenkins
 The Higher Law (1914, Short) .... François


texts:
 Villon
 Be Neutral (1914, Short)
 Richelieu (1914) .... Cardinal Richelieu
 The Old Bell-Ringer (1914, Short) .... Thomas Drake - the Old Organist
 Monsieur Bluebeard (1914, Short) .... François Villon
 The Nihilists (1914, Short) .... Thomas Madison - Prosecuting Attorney
 The Wall of Flame (1914, Short) .... Old Fenton - the Father
 The Star Gazer (1914, Short) .... The Old Astronomer
 Two Thieves (1914, Short) .... The Burglar
 Ninety Black Boxes (1914, Short) .... François Villon
 As We Journey Through Life (1914, Short) .... Old Uncle Eli
 The Foundlings of Father Time (1914, Short) .... Daddy Ross - the Aged Husband
 The Widow's Last (1914, Short) ....The Old Shoemaker
 The Christmas Spirit (1914, Short) .... Harry the Hobo
 For I Have Toiled (1914, Short) .... Hiram Marshall
 When It's One of Your Own (1914, Short) .... Heinrich Gerhardt
 His Last Performance (1915, Short) .... Old Doc Jackson
 The Clutch of the Emperor (1915, Short)
 The Useless One (1915, Short)
 A Small Town Girl (1915, Short) .... The Snob's Father
 The Dear Old Hypocrite (1915, Short) .... Wealthy Uncle George
 Alias Mr. Smith (1915, Short) .... Frank Wilson alias Mr. Smith
 Seven and Seventy (1915, Short) .... Captain John Brent
 Dad (1915, Short) .... Dad
 An Example (1915, Short) .... Ex-Sheriff Joseph


texts:
 Bohn
 The Prayer of a Horse or: His Life Story Told by Himself (1915, Short) .... Tom Collins
 Wheels Within Wheels (1915, Short) .... Von Ludwig
 The Truth About Dan Deering (1915, Short) .... Dan Deering
 At His Own Terms (1915, Short) .... John Marsh - Backwoodsman
 Number 239 (1915, Short) .... John Anders
 The Cameo Ring (1915, Short) .... John Brown
 Putting One Over (1915, Short) .... Bad Louis
 The Old Tutor (1915, Short) .... The Old Tutor
 The Troubadour (1915, Short) .... Joe Trinidad - the Troubadour
 The Fear Within (1915, Short) .... Brother Gregoire
 The Faith of Her Fathers (1915, Short) .... Rabbi Tamor
 The Stronger Mind (1915, Short) .... A Crook
 Where Brains Are Needed (1915, Short) .... Old Tom Sharpleigh - the Detective
 The Old Doctor (1915, Short) .... Old Doctor Jones
 The Swinging Doors (1915, Short) .... Jean Dumont
 In His Mind's Eye (1915, Short) .... Peter von Helm - Blind Beggar
 The Tinker of Stubbenville (1915, Short) .... Will Harvey - the Tinkerof Stubbinville
 The Old Grouch (1915, Short) .... John Agnew
 The Closing Chapter (1915, Short) .... Hamilton Walker - the Grandfather
 Mein Friendt Schneider (1915, Short) .... David Hoffman - the Pawnbroker (as Murdock McQuarrie)
 His Beloved Violin (1915, Short) ....Von Wagner
 Ethel's Burglar (1915, Short)


texts:
 .... Norton - the Burglar
 The Mystery of the Tapestry Room (1915, Short) .... Tom Sharpleigh - Detective
 The Tam o' Shanter (1915, Short) .... Tam O' Shanter
 The Finest Gold (1915, Short) .... Scrooge McQuoil
 The Sheriff of Red Rock Gulch (1915, Short) .... Bill Borden
 The $50,000 Jewel Theft (1915, Short) .... Detective Tom Sparks (as M.J. <mask>)
 The Flag of Fortune (1915, Short) .... Grandpa
 The Trap That Failed (1915, Short) .... Frank Harwood
 The Sacrifice of Jonathan Gray (1915, Short) .... Jonathan Gray
 Colonel Steel, Master Gambler (1915, Short) .... Colonel Steele
 Babbling Tongues (1915, Short) .... Martin Lowe
 X-3 (1916, Short) .... Henshaw
 The Fatal Introduction (1916, Short) .... Jim Claverling
 On Dangerous Ground (1916, Short) .... Louis Goldenberg
 The Stain in the Blood (1916) .... Bill Jenkins (as Murdock J. MacQuarrie)
 Nancy's Birthright (1916) .... John Martingale
 The Narrow Creed (1916, Short) .... Dr. Hendricks
 Life's Maelstrom (1916, Short) .... John Barclay
 Accusing Evidence (1916, Short)
 Panthea (1917) .... Police Agent
 John Bates' Secret (1917, Short) .... John Bates, a.k.a. Executor of the Estate
 Arizona Terror (1931) .... Joe Moore
 Near the Trail's End (1931) .... Dan Cather
 Grief Street (1931) .... 2nd Theater Doorman (uncredited)
 Lariats


texts:
 and Sixshooters (1931) .... Townsman (uncredited)
 The Devil Plays (1931) .... Butler
 The Wide Open Spaces (1931, Short) .... Townsman at Wedding (as Murdock McQuarrie)
 Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931) .... Dissenting doctor in crowd (uncredited)
 One Man Law (1932) .... Ed Grimm (credited as Murdock McQuarrie)
 The Shadow of the Eagle (1932, Serial) .... Frank - Watchman (uncredited)
 Forty-Five Calibre Echo (1932) .... Old man in saloon (uncredited)
 Cross-Examination (1932) .... Court Officer (uncredited)
 Texas Cyclone (1932) .... Courtroom Spectator (uncredited)
 The Saddle Buster (1932) .... Doc (uncredited)
 Border Devils (1932) .... Townsman (uncredited)
 Rule 'Em and Weep (1932, Short)
 Daring Danger (1932) .... 'Pa' Norris
 Ride Him, Cowboy (1932) .... Doctor attending Webb (uncredited)
 Fighting for Justice (1932) .... Sheriff (uncredited)
 Two Lips and Juleps; or, Southern Love and Northern Exposure (1932, Short)
 Wild Girl (1932) .... Jess Larabee (uncredited)
 The Gambling Sex (1932) .... Thompson
 The Penal Code (1932) .... Lefty
 Phantom Thunderbolt (1933) .... Townsman (uncredited)
 Son of the Border (1933) .... Townsman (uncredited)
 The Lone Avenger (1933) .... Townsman (uncredited)
 Cross Fire (1933) .... Sheriff Jim Wells
 Easy Millions (1933)
 Stolen by Gypsies or


texts:
 Beer and Bicycles (1933, Short) .... Sheriff
 One Year Later (1933) .... Well-Wisher at Train Station (uncredited)
 Girl Trouble (1933) .... Townsman (uncredited)
 Roman Scandals (1933) .... Senator Fool (uncredited)
 Potluck Pards (1934, Short) .... 'Pop' Hennessey
 The House of Rothschild (1934) .... Man at Stock Exchange (uncredited)
 Romance Revier (1934, Short) .... Banker William Carter
 Randy Rides Alone (1934) ....Murder victim (uncredited)
 Smoking Guns (1934) .... Townsman (uncredited)
 Going Bye-Bye! (1934, Short) .... Jury Foreman
 Fighting Hero (1934) .... Prosecutor
 The Tonto Kid (1934) .... 'Pop' Slawson (as <mask> McQuarrie)
 The Man from Hell (1934) .... Sheriff Jake Klein
 The Dude Ranger (1934) .... Doc Welsh (uncredited)
 The Return of Chandu (1934, Serial) .... The "Voice" of Ubasti [Chs. 4-12]
 Terror of the Plains (1934) .... Foreman Cole (as <mask> McQuarrie)
 When Lightning Strikes (1934) .... Jim Caldwell
 The Mighty Barnum (1934) .... Husband at Table (uncredited)
 Clive of India (1935) .... Sneering Man (uncredited)
 North of Arizona (1935) .... Marshal Herron
 Outlaw Rule (1935) .... Coroner Williamson (uncredited)
 Les Misérables (1935) .... Fauchelevant (uncredited)
 Stone of Silver Creek (1935) .... George J. Mason
 Bride of Frankenstein (1935)

masks: Murdock Murdock


texts:
 ....Sympathetic villager (uncredited)
 Gun Smoke (1935) .... Card Player (uncredited)
 Silent Valley (1935) .... Elmer Barnes (rancher)
 The Laramie Kid (1935) .... Dad Bland
 Outlawed Guns (1935) .... Banker Honeycutt (uncredited)
 Bonnie Scotland (1935) .... Recruiting Clerk (uncredited)
 Diamond Jim (1935) .... Stockbroker (uncredited)
 The Dark Angel (1935) .... Waiter at Inn (uncredited)
 The New Frontier (1935) .... Tom Lewis
 Nevada (1935) .... Watson (uncredited)
 Lawless Riders (1935) .... Townsman (uncredited)
 The Shadow of Silk Lennox (1935) .... Haskell, Silk's Lawyer (uncredited)
 Sunset of Power (1935) .... Doctor
 I'll Name the Murderer (1936) .... Wreck Witness (uncredited)
 Modern Times (1936) .... J. Widdecombe Billows (as Murdoch McQuarrie)
 The Prisoner of Shark Island (1936) .... Edman Spangler (uncredited)
 The Drag-Net (1936) - Hot-Check Gambler (uncredited)
 Pinto Rustlers (1936) .... Ed Walton
 The Lonely Trail (1936) .... Rancher (uncredited)
 Fury (1936) .... Dawson's friend (uncredited)
 Winds of the Wasteland (1936) .... Townsman (uncredited)
 Shakedown (1936) .... Attendant (uncredited)
 Prison Shadows (1936) .... Fight fan (uncredited)
 The Idaho Kid (1936) .... Townsman (uncredited)
 Santa Fe Bound (1936) .... Dad Bates (uncredited)
 Oh, Susanna! (1936)


texts:
 .... Sage City Townsman (uncredited)
 Ride 'Em Cowboy (1936) .... Race Spectator (uncredited)
 Cavalry (1936) .... Townsman (uncredited)
 Song of the Gringo (1936) .... Townsman (uncredited)
 Roarin' Lead (1936) .... Sims (uncredited)
 The Old Corral (1936) .... Townsman (uncredited)
 Stormy Trails (1936) .... Sheriff
 Great Guy (1936) .... Mr. Marvin (a client) (uncredited)
 Hittin' the Trail (1937) .... Townsman (uncredited)
 Venus Makes Trouble (1937) .... Sour-faced Man (uncredited)
 Back to the Woods (1937) .... Judge (uncredited)
 Pick a Star (1937) .... Jefferson Watts - Undertaker (uncredited)
 The Fighting Texan (1937) .... Jim Perkins
 Flying Fists (1937) .... Health Camp Man (uncredited)
 Slaves in Bondage (1937) ....Gambler (uncredited)
 On Such a Night (1937) .... Vasalia Juror (uncredited)
 Stars Over Arizona (1937) .... Townsman (uncredited)
 Zorro Rides Again (1937, Serial) .... Jones (night watchman) [Ch. 10] (uncredited)
 The Jury's Secret (1938) .... Flood Victim (uncredited)
 The Purple Vigilantes (1938) .... Juror (uncredited)
 The Lone Ranger (1938, Serial) .... Matt Clark [Ch. 6] (uncredited)
 Cattle Raiders (1938) .... Juror (uncredited)
 Frontier Town (1938) .... Townsman (uncredited)
 Topa Topa (1938) .... Hunter (uncredited)
 Outlaws of Sonora (1938) .... Barfly


texts:
 (uncredited)
 Western Trails (1938) (uncredited) .... Williams - Station Master (uncredited)
 Blockade (1938) .... Seaman (uncredited)
 Guilty Trails (1938) .... Judge Howard
 Prairie Justice (1938) .... Stage Line Agent (uncredited)
 Santa Fe Stampede (1938) .... Townsman (uncredited)
 Ghost Town Riders (1938) .... Tax Collector Harry Branson
 Tom Sawyer, Detective (1938) .... Posse Member (uncredited)
 Stand Up and Fight (1939) .... Engineer (uncredited)
 Disbarred (1939) .... First Jury Foreman (uncredited)
 Honor of the West (1939) .... Hank (as <mask> McQuarrie)
 The Phantom Stage (1939) .... John Scott -Stage Agent
 Arizona Legion (1939) .... Party Guest (uncredited)
 Smoky Trails (1939) .... Will Archer
 Wolf Call (1939) ....Miner (uncredited)
 They All Come Out (1939) .... Watchman (uncredited)
 Colorado Sunset (1939) .... Dairyman Jones (uncredited)
 Mutiny on the Blackhawk (1939)  .... Bill, a Settler (uncredited)
 Konga, the Wild Stallion (1939) .... Clerk (uncredited)
 At the Circus (1939) .... Attendant (uncredited)
 Tower of London (1939) .... Councilman (uncredited)
 Cowboys from Texas (1939) .... Congressman (uncredited)
 Death Rides the Range (1939) .... Sheriff (uncredited)

1940s
 The Shadow (1940, Serial) .... Richards, Rand's Butler [Chs. 2-3] (uncredited)
 The House


texts:
 of the Seven Gables (1940) .... Town Gossip (uncredited)
 The Showdown (1940) .... Zeke (uncredited)
 An Angel from Texas (1940) .... Lone Star Townsman (uncredited)
 Pinto Canyon (1940) .... Rancher Barnes
 Those Were the Days! (1940) .... First Citizen (uncredited)
 The Captain Is a Lady (1940) .... Seaman (uncredited)
 Boys of the City (1940) .... Man on Sidewalk Watching Fight (uncredited)
 Deadwood Dick (1940, Serial) .... Jasper Kenyon [Chs.11-13] (uncredited)
 Brigham Young (1940) .... Minor Role (uncredited)
 The Mummy's Hand (1940) .... Temple Priest (uncredited)
 Frontier Vengeance (1940) .... Townsman (uncredited)
 The Wildcat of Tucson (1940) .... Doctor (uncredited)
 Federal Fugitives (1941) .... Night Watchman (uncredited)
 The Return of Daniel Boone (1941) .... Telegrapher (uncredited)
 Paper Bullets (1941) .... 1st Bailiff (uncredited)
 They Meet Again (1941) .... Juror (uncredited)
 Arizona Bound (1941) .... Zeke (uncredited)
 The Richest Man in Town (1941) .... Postman (uncredited)
 Man from Montana (1941) .... Joel Preston
 Freckles Comes Home (1942) .... Bus Passenger / Indiana Townsman (uncredited)
 Woman of the Year (1942) .... Head Copy Reader (uncredited)
 Ghost Town Law (1942) .... Judge Crail
 The Corpse Vanishes (1942) .... The Minister (uncredited)
 Tombstone,


texts:
 the Town Too Tough to Die (1942) .... Townsman (uncredited)
 Jackass Mail (1942) .... Hickory Jake (uncredited)
 Timber (1942) .... Old Timer (uncredited)
 The Omaha Trail (1942) .... Oxen Owner (uncredited)
 Cat People (1942) .... Sheep caretaker (uncredited)
 Arabian Nights (1942) .... Bidder (uncredited)
 Dr. Terror's House of Horrors (1943)


texts:
<mask> (born 17 May 1986) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who served as a member of the Bundestag from the state of Baden-Württemberg from 2017 to 2021. He resigned in March 2021. Political career
In 2012, <mask> was a CDU delegate to the Federal Convention for the purpose of electing the President of Germany. <mask> became a member of the Bundestag after the 2017 German federal election, representing the Mannheim district. In parliament, he served on the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Subcommittee on Disarmament, Arms Control and Non-Proliferation. In this capacity, he was his parliamentary group's rapporteur on the European Union's Eastern Partnership. In March 2021, Der Spiegel revealed that a company Löbel owned had earned a €250,000 commission by acting as a middleman between a mask supplier in Baden-Württemberg and two private, China related companies in the state amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.Facing public pressure, he subsequently resigned from his parliamentary seat and announced that he was retiring from politics. Other activities
 Sparkasse Rhein Neckar Nord, Member of the Supervisory Board (2017 to 2021)

Political positions
Following the 2016 Baden-Württemberg state election, <mask> supported the formation of a coalition government of the Green Party and the Christian Democrats under Minister-President Winfried Kretschmann, the first state-level government of the two parties to be headed by a member of the Green Party in German history. Ahead of the Christian Democrats' leadership election in 2021, <mask> publicly endorsed Jens Spahn to succeed Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer as the party's chair. Controversies

Lobbying for Azerbaijan
As chairman of the Baden-Württemberg Young Union, <mask> <mask> came under criticism from both the CDU and Amnesty International, for a planned sponsorship of 2,000 euros by a student network from Azerbaijan at the state parliament of the Baden-Württembe Young Union in 2012, since the student network in question was funded by Azerbaijani state-owned oil and gas company SOCAR and other Azerbaijani

masks:
Nikolas Löbel
Löbel
Löbel
Löbel
Löbel
Nikolas
Löbel


texts:
 companies with ties to its autocratic leader - Ilham Aliyev, who's been criticized for continued and serious violations of human rights. As a result the sponsorship fell through. In March 2021 several Bundestag members of the ruling Union coalition became subjects of criminal investigations on the initial suspicion of corruption, for receiving payments from the Azerbaijani Laundromat money laundering scheme, while others were implicated in allegations of corrupt lobbying practices known as "Caviar diplomacy" in the European Council or what became known as the "Azerbaijan affair" () in Germany. In this context <mask>'s strong advocacy for Azerbaijani interests during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war between Azerbaijan and Armenia raised some eyebrows as Löbel took a one-sided stance backing the position of Azerbaijan in the conflict.He also dismissed criticism of human rights violations in Azerbaijan, stating that it is "not to be compared with a democracy based on the Western model", but "an important strategic partner" for Germany as a natural gas supplier and possible importer of "German products and goods". "Mask affair" scandal and resignation
In April 2020, <mask> brokered contracts for protective mask deliveries from China to Germany by Bricon Technology GmbH. According to his own statements, he received a commission of 250,000 euros for this deal. <mask> described this as being in line with the market, but admitted that he lacked sensitivity. This information became known in the context of a series of articles published by German press in March 2021, revealing how several Bundestag members from the leading Union coalition had brokered deals for PPE with lucrative commissions for themselves,  which led to intense criticism from members of all parties in the Bundestag, including the CSU/CDU Union and led to what became known as the so-called "Mask Affair"  () scandal in Germany. The first article about <mask> having asked for a commission was published in Der Spiegel on 5 March 2021. On the same day he stepped down from the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Bundestag.On 7 March 2021, in

masks: Löbel Löbel Löbel Löbel


texts:
 response to the "Mask Affair", he announced that he would resign from his Bundestag mandate as well as his membership of the municipal council in Mannheim on 31 August 2021 and not run again for the Bundestag and he would also end his membership in the CDU / CSU parliamentary group with immediate effect and give up the district chairmanship of the Mannheim CDU. He apologized for having "violated the obligations of his office with his conduct". A number of politicians from different parties criticized him for not giving up his mandate immediately, pointing out that, in addition to regular MP benefits and allowances, he thus keeps his entitlement to an additional year of retirement allowances () for MPs, noted the independent organization Abanderswatch.de, citing the MPs Act. The CDU federal chairman Armin Laschet criticized his "greed mentality"  and distanced himself from MPs who "had nothing on their minds but to earn money." On 8 March 2021, in response to political and media pressure, <mask> announced that he was giving up his parliamentary mandate with immediate effect in order to avoid "further damage to his party" shortly before two state elections were about to take place in Baden-Württemberg and Rhineland-Palatinate". He left the Bundestag two days later. The CDU district association Mannheim also announced on March 8th that <mask> had resigned from the CDU "with immediate effect".At the end of March 202, the Stuttgart Public Prosecutor's Office announced that after examining the allegation of "bribery of elected officials" in connection with the mediation of mask business, "due to a lack of initial suspicion, it would refrain from initiating investigative proceedings"; In their opinion, there is "in the present case no direct connection between the private activity and the activity as a member of the Bundestag." References

External links

 Bundestag biography

1986 births
Living people
Members of the Bundestag for Baden-Württemberg
Members of the Bundestag 2017–2021
Christian Democratic Union of Germany politicians
Members of the Bundestag for the Christian Democratic Union

masks: Löbel Löbel


texts: <mask> (1877–1958) was a writer associated with the literary movement known as modernismo. This European-based daughter of a Peruvian president wrote novels, essays, travel literature and a biography of her husband, the Guatemalan novelist Enrique Gómez Carrillo. Her life itself is intimately intertwined with Peruvian history, the War of the Pacific (1879–1883), the Peruvian Civil War of 1895, and an intellectual's exile in Paris. Her essays have recently begun to receive critical attention by scholars attempting to understand modernism from a gendered perspective. During the War of the Pacific, her sister was killed while her family was fleeing from the Chileans. Her father <mask>, at that time a Colonel in the Peruvian Army, was mounting a guerrilla war against the occupying army. Peru (and Bolivia) lost that war and the Chileans occupied Lima, the country's capital.After the Chileans departed, now General <mask> served in a variety of functions, as a diplomat in Europe, president of the Republic, and then exiled after a bloody coup in 1895. All of these events affected Zoila <mask>, who was educated by nuns in Germany and at the Sorbone in Paris. She was known to many of the major modernista authors including Amado Nervo, Ruben Darío and Enrique Gómez Carrillo, whom she married. Besides her interesting life, she left behind political tracks and a wide gamut of writing. Regarding the former, César Lévano points out the following: she founded Feminine Evolution in 1911, in 1919 she organized a feminine strike for

masks:
Zoila Aurora Cáceres Moreno
Andrés Avelino Cáceres
Cáceres
Aurora Cáceres


texts:
 food, while in 1924 she organized a new organization, "Peruvian Femenism". She was a die-hard suffragist associated with Angela Ramos. Later she would work with the anti-fascist organization "Feminine Action".Regarding the latter, <mask> has left behind a varied and diverse output. Her compelling novel La rosa muerta, recently published by Stockcero for the first time in almost a century, was set in Paris where it was published in 1914. In a work sharing formal characteristics with modernista prose, Cáceres challenged the ideological parameters of the movement. While her protagonist appropriated the modernista precept of a woman as an object of male veneration, she also took active control of her sexual life in a world where husbands still treated their wives as objects. The objects in this novel are not people but implements of communication and medicine reflective of the apogee of the industrial age. The action, which takes place between Berlin and Paris, is representative of the places that the modernistas held dear, but the feminization of the portrayal of male-female relations broadens the scope of the  male-dominated modernista literary paradigm. The ideal men in this novel are not the husbands from whom women run, but medical doctors, men of science who are liberated from chauvinist attitudes.The central character of “La rosa muerta” accordingly falls for one of her gynecologists, allowing for scenes in the Paris clinic that must have been scandalous for the 1914 reading public. Her Writing

 Angelina, Eva.


texts:
 “La emancipación de la mujer”. El Búcaro Americano 1.6/1.7 (15 de mayo; 1 de junio de 1896): 117-118, 127–30. <mask>, Zoila <mask>. Mujeres de ayer y de hoy. París: Garnier Hermanos, 1910.——.Oasis de arte. Prólogo de Rubén Darío. París: Garnier Hermanos, ¿1910? ¿1911? Cáceres, Aurora. La rosa muerta/Las perlas de Rosa. Prólogo de Amado Nervo.Paris: Garnier Hermanos, 1914. <mask>, Zoila <mask> & Andrés Avelino Cáceres. La campaña de la Breña, memorias del mariscal del Perú, D. Andrés A. Cáceres. Lima, Imp. Americana, 1921. <mask>, Z. <mask> (Evangelina). La ciudad del sol.Prólogo de Enrique Gómez Carrillo. Lima: Librería Francesa Científica/Casa Editorial F. Rosay, 1927. Cáceres, [Zoila] Aurora (Evangelina). Mi vida con Enrique Gómez Carrillo. Madrid: Renacimiento, 1929. Cáceres, Zoila <mask>. La princesa Suma Tica (narraciones peruanas).Madrid: Editorial Mundo Latino, 1929. ——. Labor de armonía interamericana en los Estados Unidos de Norte América, 1940–1945. Washington, 1946. ——. Epistolario relativo a Miguel de Unamuno. En Unamuno y el Perú.Ed. Wilfredo Kapsoli. Lima/Salamanca: Universidad Ricardo Palma/ Universidad de Salamanca, 2002: 27–31. Cáceres, Aurora. A Dead Rose. Trans. Laura Kanost.Stockcero, 2018. On Her and Her Time
 Arriola Grande, Maurilio. Diccionario literario del Perú: Nomenclatura por autores. Dos tomes. Lima: Editora Universo, 1983. Frederick, Bonnie. “Harriet Beecher Stowe and the Virtuous Mother: Argentina, 1852–1910”.Journal of Women's History 18.1 (2006): 101-120. Glickman, Robert Jay.

masks: Cáceres Aurora Cáceres Aurora Cáceres Aurora Aurora


texts:
 Vestales del Templo azul: notas sobre el feminismo hispanoamericano en la época modernista. Toronto: Canadian Academy of the Arts, 1996. Herrera, Eduardo. “Una visita a Evangelina”. En La ciudad del sol de Aurora Cáceres.Lima: Librería Francesa Científica/Casa Editorial E. Rosay, 1927: 185–193. Kanost, Laura. "Translator's Introduction". A Dead Rose by <mask>. Trans. Laura Kanost. Stockcero, 2018: vii-xxv.Levano, César. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070705033829/http://www.caretas.com.pe/1999/1575/mujeres/mujeres.htm "Las mujeres y el poder] Caretas (1999). Minardi, Giovanna. “La narrativa femenina en el Perú del siglo XX”. Alba de América 37/38 (2001): 177–196. Rojas–Trempe, Lady. “Escritoras peruanas al alba del próximo milenio”.En Perú en su cultura. Eds. Daniel Castillo Durante y Borka Sattler. Lima/Ottawa: PromPerú/University of Ottawa; 2002: 175–181. Rojas-Trempe, Lady. "Mujeres y movimientos sociales en América Latina: Angela Ramos y Magda Portal, escritoras políticas de pie en la historia del Perú". Debate: Literatura y género (2004).Ward, Thomas. "Los caminos posibles de Nietzsche en el modernismo", Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica'' 50.2 (julio-diciembre de 2002): 480-515. Ward, Thomas. "Introducción". La Rosa Muerta. Buenos Aires: Stockcero, 2007: vii-xxiv. 1877 births
1958 deaths
Peruvian essayists
Modernismo
Peruvian feminists
Peruvian women activists
Feminist writers
Peruvian women novelists
19th-century novelists
Peruvian women essayists
19th-century women writers
19th-century essayists
Peruvian


texts:
<mask> (; 14 August 1688 – 31 May 1740), known as the "Soldier King" (), was the king in Prussia and elector of Brandenburg from 1713 until his death in 1740, as well as prince of Neuchâtel. He was succeeded by his son, <mask>. Reign
He was born in Berlin to King <mask> of Prussia and Princess Sophia Charlotte of Hanover. During his first years, he was raised by the Huguenot governess Marthe de Roucoulle. His father had successfully acquired the title of king for the margraves of Brandenburg. On ascending the throne in 1713 (the year before his maternal grandmother’s death and the ascension of his maternal uncle <mask> of Great Britain to the British throne), the new king sold most of his father's horses, jewels and furniture; he did not intend to treat the treasury as his personal source of revenue the way <mask> and many of the other German princes had. Throughout his reign, <mask> was characterized by his frugal, austere and martial lifestyle, as well as his devout Calvinist faith.He practiced rigid management of the treasury, never started a war, and led a simple and austere lifestyle, in contrast to the lavish court his father had presided over. At his death, Prussia had a sound exchequer and a full treasury, in contrast to the other German states. <mask> I did much to improve Prussia economically and militarily. He replaced mandatory military service among the middle class with an annual tax, and he established schools and hospitals. The king encouraged farming, reclaimed marshes, stored grain in good times and sold it in bad times. He dictated the manual of Regulations for State Officials, containing 35 chapters and 297 paragraphs in which every public servant in Prussia could find his duties precisely set out: a minister

masks:
Frederick William I
Frederick the Great
Frederick I
George I
Frederick I
Frederick William
Frederick William


texts: or councillor failing to attend a committee meeting, for example, would lose six months' pay; if he absented himself a second time, he would be discharged from the royal service. In short, <mask> <mask> concerned himself with every aspect of his relatively small country, ruling an absolute monarchy with great energy and skill.In 1732, the king invited the Salzburg Protestants to settle in East Prussia, which had been depopulated by plague in 1709. Under the terms of the Peace of Augsburg, the prince-archbishop of Salzburg could require his subjects to practice the Catholic faith, but Protestants had the right to emigrate to a Protestant state. Prussian commissioners accompanied 20,000 Protestants to their new homes on the other side of Germany. <mask> <mask> personally welcomed the first group of migrants and sang Protestant hymns with them. <mask> intervened briefly in the Great Northern War, allied with Peter the Great of Russia, in order to gain a small portion of Swedish Pomerania; this gave Prussia new ports on the Baltic Sea coast. More significantly, aided by his close friend Prince Leopold of Anhalt-Dessau, the "Soldier-King" made considerable reforms to the Prussian army's training, tactics and conscription program—introducing the canton system, and greatly increasing the Prussian infantry's rate of fire through the introduction of the iron ramrod. <mask>'s reforms left his son <mask> with the most formidable army in Europe, which <mask> used to increase Prussia's power.The observation that "the pen is mightier than the sword" has sometimes been attributed to him. (See as well: "Prussian virtues".) Although a highly effective ruler, <mask> had a perpetually short temper which sometimes drove him to physically attack

masks:
Frederick William
I
Frederick William
I
Frederick William
Frederick William
Frederick
Frederick
Frederick William


texts:
 servants (or even his own children) with a cane at the slightest perceived provocation. His violent, harsh nature was further exacerbated by his inherited porphyritic disease, which gave him gout, obesity and frequent crippling stomach pains. He also had a notable contempt for France, and would sometimes fly into a rage at the mere mention of that country, although this did not stop him from encouraging the immigration of French Huguenot refugees to Prussia. Burial and reburials
<mask> died in 1740 at age 51 and was interred at the Garrison Church in Potsdam. During World War II, in order to protect it from advancing allied forces, Hitler ordered the king's coffin, as well as those of <mask> Great and Paul von Hindenburg, into hiding, first to Berlin and later to a salt mine outside of Bernterode.The coffins were later discovered by occupying American forces, who re-interred the bodies in St. Elisabeth's Church in Marburg in 1946. In 1953 the coffin was moved to Burg Hohenzollern, where it remained until 1991, when it was finally laid to rest on the steps of the altar in the Kaiser Friedrich Mausoleum in the Church of Peace on the palace grounds of Sanssouci. The original black marble sarcophagus collapsed at Burg Hohenzollern—the current one is a copper copy. Relationship with <mask> II

His eldest surviving son was <mask> (Fritz), born in 1712. <mask> wanted him to become a fine soldier. As a small child, Fritz was awakened each morning by the firing of a cannon. At the age of 6, he was given his own regiment of children  to drill as cadets, and a year later, he was given a miniature arsenal.The love and affection <mask> had for his heir initially was soon destroyed due to their increasingly different personalities. <mask>

masks:
Frederick William
Frederick the
Frederick
Frederick II
Frederick William
Frederick William
Frederick William


texts: ordered Fritz to undergo a minimal education, live a simple Protestant lifestyle, and focus on the Army and statesmanship as he had. However, the intellectual Fritz was more interested in music, books and French culture, which were forbidden by his father as decadent and unmanly. As Fritz's defiance for his father's rules increased, <mask> would frequently beat or humiliate Fritz (he preferred his younger sibling <mask>). Fritz was beaten for being thrown off a bolting horse and wearing gloves in cold weather. After the prince attempted to flee to England with his tutor, Hans Hermann von Katte, the enraged King had Katte beheaded before the eyes of the prince, who himself was court-martialled. The court declared itself not competent in this case.Whether it was the king's intention to have his son executed as well (as Voltaire claims) is not clear. However, the Holy Roman Emperor <mask> intervened, claiming that a prince could only be tried by the Imperial Diet of the Holy Roman Empire itself. <mask> was imprisoned in the Fortress of Küstrin from 2 September to 19 November 1731 and exiled from court until February 1732, during which time he was rigorously schooled in matters of state. After achieving a measure of reconciliation, <mask> had his son married to Princess Elizabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, whom <mask> despised, but then grudgingly allowed him to indulge in his musical and literary interests again. He also gifted him a stud farm in East Prussia, and Rheinsberg Palace. By the time of <mask>'s death in 1740, he and <mask> were on at least reasonable terms with each other. Although the relationship between <mask> and <mask> was clearly hostile, <mask> himself later wrote that his father "penetrated and understood great

masks:
Frederick William
Augustus William
Charles VI
Frederick
Frederick William
Frederick
Frederick William
Frederick
Frederick William
Frederick
Frederick


texts:
 objectives, and knew the best interests of his country better than any minister or general."Marriage and family
<mask> married his first cousin Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, <mask>'s younger sister (daughter of his uncle, King <mask> of Great Britain and Sophia Dorothea of Celle) on 28 November 1706. <mask> was faithful and loving to his wife but they did not have a happy relationship: Sophia Dorothea feared his unpredictable temper and resented him, both for allowing her no influence or independence at court, and for refusing to marry her children to their English cousins. She also abhorred his cruelty towards their son and heir <mask> (with whom she was close), although rather than trying to mend the relationship between father and son she frequently spurred <mask> on in his defiance. They had fourteen children, including:

He was the godfather of the Prussian envoy Friedrich Wilhelm von Thulemeyer and of his grand-nephew, Prince Edward Augustus of Great Britain. Ancestry

See also

 Prussian virtues

References

Further reading
 Dorwart, Reinhold A. The administrative reforms of <mask> <mask> of Prussia (Harvard University Press, 2013). Fann, Willerd R. "Peacetime Attrition in the Army of Frederick William I, 1713–1740."Central European History 11.4 (1978): 323–334. online
 Gothelf, Rodney. "<mask> I and the beginnings of Prussian absolutism, 1713–1740." in The Rise of Prussia 1700–1830 (Routledge, 2014) pp. 47–67. External links

King <mask> <mask> of Prussia and his “obsession”

1688 births
1740 deaths
18th-century Kings of Prussia
Kings of Prussia
Prince-electors of Brandenburg
Princes of Neuchâtel
German Calvinist and Reformed Christians
House of Hohenzollern
People from Berlin
18th-century German people
Brandenburgian

masks:
Frederick William
George II
George I
Frederick William
Frederick
Frederick
Frederick William
I
Frederick William
Frederick William
I


texts:
<mask> (April 25, 1879 – December 28, 1964) was an American mathematician, statistician, physicist and general polymath. He was the sole protégé of Yale University physicist Josiah Willard Gibbs and was mentor to MIT economist Paul Samuelson. <mask> had a distinguished academic career at Yale and MIT, followed by a long and distinguished period of service as a civilian employee of the US Navy in the Office of Naval Research. In his latter role, he was awarded the Distinguished Civilian Service Award, the highest honorary award available to a civilian employee of the US Navy. <mask> made broad contributions to mathematics, statistics and aeronautics, and is well-known for producing a number of widely used textbooks. He is perhaps best known for his derivation of the eponymously named <mask> score interval, which is a confidence interval used widely in statistics. Life

<mask> was born in Hartford, Connecticut to <mask> (a teacher and superintendent of schools in Middletown, Connecticut) and Jane Amelia (Bidwell) <mask>.He had two sisters and two brothers; he and his siblings all went on to achieve high levels of education and professional success. Although born in Hartford, <mask> grew up in Middleton, and for a period he attended a private school that had been set up by his father, where he was substantially younger than the other students. <mask> performed at a high level academically from a young age. He recounts that (according to his mother) he taught himself arithmetic at the age of four using his mother's sixty-inch tape measure; he learned multiplication by folding a tape measure into equal-length increments and then counting the number of folded parts. At the age of fifteen, <mask> sat and passed the entrance examination for Yale

masks:
Edwin Bidwell Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Edwin Bidwell Wilson
Edwin Horace Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson