texts:
 Sargent, producers; Irene Pinn, executive producer
 1978 The Paul Simon Special (NBC)
 Chevy Chase, Tom Davis, Al Franken, Charles Grodin, Lorne Michaels, Paul Simon, Lily Tomlin, Alan Zweibel, writers
 Outstanding Voice-Over Performance
 2013 An Apology to Elephants
 Daytime Emmy Award
 1995 Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program, The Magic School Bus: Season 1

Screen Actors Guild Awards
 2017 Lifetime Achievement Award

Filmography

Works and publications
 Tomlin, Lily, and Jane Wagner. On Stage. New York, N.Y.: Arista, 1977.Recorded live at the Biltmore Theatre, New York City. Audio book on LP. .
 Wagner, Jane, Elon Soltes, Wendy Apple, and <mask>. Appearing Nitely. Valley Village, Calif.: Tomlin and Wagner Theatricalz, 1992. Recorded live at the Huntington Hartford Theater in Los Angeles, Calif. Originally produced for television in 1978. Video recording. .
 Wagner, Jane.Edith Ann: My Life, So Far. New York: Hyperion, 1994. As told to and illustrated by Jane Wagner. . .
 <mask>, <mask>, Jane Wagner, and Anna Deavere Smith. Conversation with <mask> and Jane Wagner, October 25, 1994. San Francisco: City Arts & Lectures, Inc, 1994. Masonic Auditorium.Wagner, Jane. J.T. New York: Carousel Films, 2000. DVD. Originally broadcast in 1969. Jeannette Du Bois, Theresa Merritt, Kevin Hooks. .
 <mask>, <mask>, and Jane Wagner. And That's the Truth.United States: Universal Music Enterprises, 2003. Recorded live at The Ice House, Pasadena, March 1976. Audio book. <mask>, <mask>, and Jane Wagner. The Search for Signs of

masks:
Lily Tomlin
Tomlin
Lily
Lily Tomlin
Tomlin
Lily
Tomlin
Lily


type: original

texts:
 Intelligent Life in the Universe. Tarzana, Calif.: Laugh.com, 2005. 1992 HBO television film.A film adaptation of the Broadway play by Jane Wagner. .
 Wagner, Jane, Marilyn French, and <mask>. The Search for Signs of Intelligent Life in the Universe. New York, NY: ItBooks, an imprint of HarperCollinsPublishers, 2012. Reprint. Originally published: New York: Harper & Row, 1986. Based on the Broadway play written by Wagner starring <mask>. Includes an Afterword by Marilyn French and Reflections by <mask> and by Jane Wagner.. .
 Wagner, Jane C., and Tina DiFeliciantonio. Girls Like Us. New York, NY: Women Make Movies, 2013. Originally produced as a motion picture documentary film in 1997. DVD. .

References

External links

1939 births
Living people
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from Los Angeles
American film actresses
American sketch comedians
American stand-up comedians
American television actresses
American voice actresses
American women comedians
Audiobook narrators
Cass Technical High School alumni
Drama Desk Award winners
Feminist artists
Feminist comedians
Grammy Award winners
Kennedy Center honorees
American lesbian actresses
Lesbian comedians
LGBT people from California
LGBT people from Michigan
LGBT rights activists from the United States
Mark Twain Prize recipients
Actresses from Detroit
Primetime Emmy Award winners
Silver Bear for Best Actress winners
Special Tony Award recipients
Tony Award winners
Volpi Cup winners
Wayne State University

masks:
Lily Tomlin
Lily Tomlin
Lily Tomlin


texts:
<mask> (died 1721) was a Prussian woman who for most of her adult life presented herself as a man. She married a woman and, based on their sexual activity together, was convicted of sodomy and executed by order of King Frederick William I in 1721. Linck's execution was the last for lesbian sexual activity in Europe and an anomaly for its time. Background
The only source of information about Linck is a court document dated 13 October 1721. It summarizes the testimony taken at the trial of Linck and her wife and reviews possible punishments for consideration by the monarch. Scholars of the period characterize her as a lesbian and place her in a social context in which women adopted male attire for a variety of reasons, including "to involve themselves sexually with another woman, either with or without the other woman's knowledge". Life
Linck was born the illegitimate child of a widow, and grew up in an orphanage in Halle.According to her mother's testimony, after leaving the orphanage at age 14 and learning to work in the cloth and button-making trades, Linck "[i]n order to lead a life of chastity ... had disguised herself in men's clothes" and then spent some years with an unorthodox religious group she called "Inspirants", likely a form of Quakers. Linck next served three years in the army of Hanover until she deserted in 1708. When apprehended, she escaped hanging "when she disclosed her sex", submitting to an examination by someone identified as Professor Francken. She served in the armed forces of Prussia until a letter from Francken revealed she was female. Dismissed from military service, Linck returned to Halle and lived for a summer as a woman. She then joined a Polish garrison and then the forces of Hesse, using several more men's aliases and deserting from the service both times. She returned again to Halle and worked in the cloth trade for several years,


texts: sometimes supervising several women, "sometimes wearing female, sometimes male clothing".When arrested, presumably for her earlier desertion, she was again released "because of professor Francken and his disclosure of her femaleness", though only after a physical examination by authorities at the town hall. In 1717, having adopted men's clothing once more and representing herself as a man named Anastasius Lagrantius Rosenstengel, she met and married 18-year-old <mask> <mask> Mühlhahn at Halberstadt. The court records detail their sexual activities. Linck "had made a penis of stuffed leather ... and had tied it to her pubes with a leather strap. When she went to bed with her alleged [sic] wife she put this leather object into the other's body and in this way had actually accomplished intercourse." Linck claimed to have performed similar acts with women she hired while a soldier. Linck testified to experiencing great excitement during intercourse: "whenever she was at the height of her passion, she felt tingling in her veins, arms, and legs".The marriage was unsettled, with Mühlhahn's mother at times trying to separate the couple. <mask>, supporting herself by begging and sometimes relocating to seek charitable support, had herself been baptized a Catholic and then received baptism as a Lutheran. In a final confrontation, the trial records say, Mühlhahn's mother "charged the defendant with being a woman and not a man", "ripped open her pants, examined her, and ... found not the slightest sign of anything masculine." Mühlhahn's mother provided the authorities with the artificial penis along with a "leather-covered horn" that Linck wore next to her body, which constituted part of her male disguise and allowed her to urinate standing up. In court, <mask> and Mühlhahn disputed whether Mühlhahn fully understood how their intercourse was accomplished. Mühlhahn in her testimony

masks: Catharina Margaretha Linck Linck


texts:
 detailed how Linck had "tortured and tormented her" in attempting intercourse. She said her questions about the way Linck urinated had been met with abusive comments and the threat of violence.She described examining Linck's anatomy once in 1717 while she slept and discovering that "he was fashioned exactly like herself". This gave her an advantage over <mask>, who begged her not to notify the authorities and proposed to live with her as brother and sister. Linck admitted to sodomy on account of having been "deluded by Satan" but denied making Mühlhahn suffer. Her marriage to Mühlhahn was the work of other forces, she claimed, since Satan had tracked her since she was born. As for the additional charges, she claimed the wearing of men's clothes was forbidden for married women but not the unmarried; she said she had suffered for her desertions when she "spent weeks in chains and fetters" while held under arrest; she excused her multiple baptisms as motivated by new covenants with God. In sum:

Finally, two medical witnesses reported that in examining Linck they had found "nothing hermaphroditic, much less masculine". The local court forwarded the records of its inquiry to the Judicial Faculty at Duisburg, which recommended Linck be publicly hung and her body burned.They recommended torture to extract further testimony from Mühlhahn. The Halberstadt officials who were submitting all this information for review by King Frederick William wrote at length about its difficulty in determining the appropriate punishment because the Bible was silent on sexual activity between women and the acts in question did not meet the formal definition of sodomy, since they were "committed with a lifeless leather device". They also considered which method of execution was called for: beheading, hanging, or fire. They recommended beheading by the sword with the body to be burned afterwards.


texts:
 Some members of the court who thought the death penalty could not be imposed if Linck's behavior did not precisely match Biblical definitions of sodomy recommended flogging for her other offenses. The report recognized that Mühlhahn had committed a lesser offense and described her as "this simple-minded person who let herself be seduced into depravity". For her the Halberstadt court recommended three years imprisonment followed by banishment, rather than the torture the Duisburg court had recommended.The king confirmed the sentences of death by beheading for Linck and imprisonment for Mühlhahn. In contemporary media
<mask>'s story was the subject of a play, Executed For Sodomy: The Life of <mask> <mask>, performed at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 2013. Linck's monologue appeared in Jack Shamblin's solo performance SODOMITE, A History Of Sodomy Laws, which was performed at P.S. 122, Dixon Place, The Red Room Theatre, Mother, and Jackie 60 during the mid to late 90s in New York City. It was a political performance against the then-existing U.S. sodomy laws. The monologue is reinterpreted in a video art piece by Fred Koenig for Jack Shamblin's book Queering The Stage launch at Hot Festival 2015 at Dixon Place in New York City. You can read it fully in Queering The Stage.See also
Catterina Vizzani

References

Further reading
Angela Steidele, In Männerkleidern. Das verwegene Leben der Catharina Margaretha <mask>, hingerichtet 1721, Cologne: Böhlau, 2004., . 17th-century births
1721 deaths
18th-century executions in the Holy Roman Empire
18th-century LGBT people
Converts to Lutheranism from Roman Catholicism
Cross-dressers
People from Halle (Saale)
Executed people from Saxony-Anhalt
Female wartime cross-dressers
Lesbophobic violence
LGBT people from Germany
People executed for sodomy
People executed in the Holy Roman Empire by decapitation
Women soldiers
Year of birth

masks: Linck Catharina Linck Linck


texts:
<mask> (March 22, 1937 – June 26, 2021) was an American trumpet player and composer. He was best known for developing the concept of "Fourth World" music, which describes a "unified primitive/futurist sound" combining elements of various world ethnic traditions with modern electronic techniques. The concept was first articulated on Fourth World, Vol. 1: Possible Musics, his 1980 collaboration with Brian Eno. Born in Tennessee, <mask> studied contemporary classical music in New York and later in Germany under composer Karlheinz Stockhausen. He subsequently worked with minimalist composers Terry Riley (on a 1968 recording of In C) and La Monte Young (as part of his Theatre of Eternal Music group), and studied under Hindustani singer Pandit Pran Nath. His association with Brian Eno in the early 1980s would introduce Hassell to a larger audience.He subsequently worked with musical artists such as Talking Heads, David Sylvian, Farafina, Peter Gabriel, Tears for Fears, Ani DiFranco, Techno Animal, Ry Cooder, Moritz von Oswald, and Carl Craig. Life and career
Born in Memphis, Tennessee, United States, <mask> received his master's degree from the Eastman School of Music in Rochester, New York. During this time he became involved in European serial music, especially the work of Karlheinz Stockhausen, and so after finishing his studies at Eastman, he enrolled in the Cologne Course for New Music (founded and directed by Stockhausen) for two years, where he met Irmin Schmidt and Holger Czukay, who would later go on to form Can . <mask> returned to the U.S.

masks:
Jon Hassell
Hassell
Hassell
Hassell


texts:
 in 1967, where he met Terry Riley in Buffalo, New York and performed on the first recording of Riley's seminal work In C in 1968. He pursued his Ph.D. in musicology in Buffalo and performed in La Monte Young's Theatre of Eternal Music in New York City, contributing to the 1974 LP Dream House 78' 17". On his return to Buffalo in the early 1970s, <mask> was introduced to the music of Indian Pandit Pran Nath, a specialist in the Kiranic style of singing. <mask>, Young, Marian Zazeela, and Riley went together to India to study with Nath.His work with Nath awoke his appetite for traditional musics of the world, and on the album Vernal Equinox, he used his trumpet (treated with various electronic effects) to imitate the vocal techniques to which Nath had exposed him. He stated:

"From 1973 up until then I was totally immersed in playing raga on the trumpet. I wanted the physical dexterity to be able to come into a room and be able to do something that nobody else in the world could do. My aim was to make a music that was vertically integrated in such a way that at any cross-sectional moment you were not able to pick a single element out as being from a particular country or genre of music." In 1980, he collaborated with Brian Eno on the album Fourth World, Vol. 1: Possible Musics and appeared on the Eno-produced Talking Heads album Remain in Light. The same year <mask> also performed solo at the Mudd Club.His 1981 release, Dream Theory in Malaya, led to a performance at the first World of Music, Arts and Dance (WOMAD) Festival, organized by Peter

masks: Hassell Hassell Hassell


texts:
 Gabriel. He performed and co-wrote tracks on David Sylvian's first solo album Brilliant Trees, and its instrumental EP follow-up Words with the Shaman. In the late 1980s, <mask> contributed to Gabriel's Passion, the soundtrack album for Martin Scorsese's film, The Last Temptation of Christ. <mask> and Pete Scaturro composed the electronic theme music for the television show The Practice. In 1989, <mask> contributed to the Tears for Fears album The Seeds of Love. <mask> died from natural causes on June 26, 2021 at the age of 84. He had had health issues over the course of the previous year.Style

Hassell coined the term "Fourth World" to describe his work on "a unified primitive/futuristic sound combining features of world ethnic styles with advanced electronic techniques." He used extensive electronic processing of his trumpet playing. In addition to nonwestern traditional musics, critics have noted the influence of Miles Davis on Hassell's style, particularly Davis' use of electronics, modal harmony, and understated lyricism. Both on record and during live performances, Hassell made use of western instruments—keyboards, bass, electric guitar, and percussion—to create modal, hypnotic grooves, over which he played microtonally-inflected trumpet phrases in the style of Nath's Kiranic vocals. Discography
As leader or co-leader
 Vernal Equinox (Lovely Music, 1977)
 Earthquake Island (Tomato 1978)
 Fourth World, Vol. Deane
 "Pygmy Dance" on compilation Ai Confini / Interzone (New Tone, 1993), recorded live in Italy 1988
 "Streetfaxx" and remixes by

masks: Hassell Hassell Hassell Hassell


texts:
 808 State on EP Voiceprint (Blind from the Facts) (Opal, 1990; reissued on All Saints, 1993 and 2006)
 Personals, maxi-single with remixes of "Personals" and "G-Spot" by MC 900 Ft Jesus and Organized Konfusion (Warner, 1994)
 "Then and Now (Berchidda)" on compilation Then and Now (Time in Jazz 1998 | 2007) (Tàjrà It., 2008), live recording from 2001 in Italy with John Beasley, Rick Cox

As sideman and guest appearances
On almost all recordings <mask> played trumpet (sometimes merely 'used' as sound color). In cases where he plays keyboards or electronics it is mentioned in the last column; the same applies to the credits as composer (or producer).Film soundtracks are labeled "O.S.T." (original sound track) preceding the film title. Artists and labels are linked by first appearance only. See also

 David Sylvian
 Erik Truffaz
 Erik Honoré
 List of ambient music artists
 Michael Brook
 Talking Heads

References

Bibliography
 Mark Prendergast, The Ambient Century. New York and London, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2000,
 <mask>, program notes from Vernal Equinox. Lovely Music, LML 1021, 1977. External links

 Magic Realism, Vol.2: Maarifa Street album site

1937 births
2021 deaths
American trumpeters
American male trumpeters
American male composers
21st-century American composers
Eastman School of Music alumni
Musicians from Memphis, Tennessee
Avant-garde trumpeters
All Saints Records artists
E.G. Records artists
Pupils of Karlheinz Stockhausen
Pupils of Pran Nath (musician)
21st-century trumpeters
21st-century American male musicians
Label Bleu

masks:
Jon Hassell
Jon Hassell


texts:
<mask> (19 December 1922 – 28 January 1979) was an Australian jockey who enjoyed considerable success in Australia during the 1950s and in Europe during the 1960s. He was named after his father <mask>, a machinist, and his wife Euphemia Agnes. Racing career
From a young age he showed considerable interest in horse racing and left Mordialloc-Chelsea High School aged 14 to take up a post as an apprentice jockey. He worked initially under trainer F. H. Lewis who was his great uncle who was the brother of Robert Lewis also a jockey. During this time he met Jack Holt the trainer. He won his first race in 1937 at Lilirene. On 5 January 1942 was called upon to serve in the military, where he worked as a driver with the 119th General Transport Company.Willamson was released two and a half years later on 30 October 1944, when he once again turned to developing his horseracing career. He married Zelma Ava Dickman, a hairdresser on 17 January 1949 at St Paul's Church of England, in Caulfield, Melbourne. Willamson won his first Victorian jockey premiership in the 1951-52 season and rode the horse Dalray to a victory in the 1952 Melbourne Cup. He went on to win five more, and won the W. S. Cox Plate and Brisbane Cup in 1953, a season where he set a Victorian record with 67 and a half winners. He later won the Duke of Edinburgh Australian Cup (1954) but faced a setback in October of that year when a fall nearly cost him his life and put him out of racing for nine months. Recovering from his injuries, he went on to win the Caulfield Cup in 1955 on the famous horse Rising Fast and Ilumquh in 1960 amongst others. He moved to Ireland in 1960 and later to England which he won a number of important mainstream races throughout the 1960s such as the 1,000 Guineas in 1962 on Abermaid and Night Off in

masks:
William James Williamson
William James Williamson


texts:
 1965.<mask> won the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe at Longchamp, Paris, in 1968 and 1969 which brought him significant praise, notably from Lester Piggott. In total he won 8 Classic Races in Ireland, 2 Classic Races in England and 3 Classic Races in mainland Europe, including France in 1971. He retired from professional racing in 1973 when he took up a new job as a racing manager for the Indian shipping magnate Ravi Tikkoo. He returned to his native Melbourne in 1977 but developed cancer, and died on 28 January 1979 in South Caulfield Melbourne. He is buried at the Cheltenham Memorial Park (Wangara Road). The Australian years
Apprentice <mask> rode his first winner in 1937, but it was only after he was discharged from the army, where he served as a driver with the 119th General Transport Company, after which his career gathered pace. Much of <mask>’s early success came from his association with trainers Lou Robertson and Fred Hoysted, both members of the Racing’s Hall of Fame.His greatest success came in the 1952 Melbourne Cup when he rode Dalray to victory (with a broken left arm, being an injury sustained during a fall some three weeks before). He twice won the Caulfield Cup on Rising Fast in 1955 and Ilumquh 1960. He won the Victorian Jockey’s Premiership in six of the eight years, before he headed abroad in 1960, where he rode until his retirement in 1973. <mask> rode with great distinction in England, Ireland and Europe winning thirteen classic races, eight in Ireland, two in England and three in Europe. "He and Scobie Breasley were the best two jockeys I’ve ever seen," International jockey Ron Hutchison said, "he was extremely patient, sitting and waiting until the final three hundreds to take off. He was just a wonderful stylist, so nice to watch, a straight back, low in the saddle

masks:
Williamson
Bill Williamson
Williamson
Williamson


texts: and perfect balance." The sleepy eyed <mask> (dubbed "Weary Willy" by the English press due to his sleepy eyes) was an exceptionally modest man with an intense dislike for self-promotion.He never bothered to add up the number of winners he rode, and was vague about his achievements and the names of champions he had ridden. Once asked why he did not smile after he had won, "because half an hour later I might get beat on a favourite and I was sorry I smiled." He also said "who smiles, really, when they are working?" He became interested in horses as a child because of the achievements of his mothers uncle Bobby Lewis, the famous jockey (four times winner of Melbourne Cup). The family came from Epsom in Victoria and bought <mask> a pony when he was only seven. As his skills improved, trainer Alex McCracken allowed him to work his horse at the track at Mentone. As soon as he could leave school, he became an apprentice to Fred Lewis, Bob's brother at Epsom.His first winner came at Epsom in 1937 on a horse called Lilirene, the last winner Bobby Lewis rode to victory ironically. Lewis was a hard master and pointed out so many faults in <mask>'s riding, that the boy wondered how the boy managed to stay on. <mask> spent 18 months in the army as a driver with the 119th General Transport Company in World War 2, but in 1944, on a leave of absence, he rode Lawrence into second place in the Caulfield Cup won by Counsel. He believed Lawrence would have won the race had it been at Flemington as he had been for the previous four years during the war. He won the VRC St Leger that year on Lawrence and the VRC Sires Produce Stakes on Delina, both trained by Lou Robertson. When he became the number one rider for the powerful Father Hoysted, <mask>'s career really took off. His association with Hoysted

masks: Williamson Bill Williamson Williamson Williamson


texts: assured him rides on outstanding horses and, over the next 25 years, he rode hundreds of winners for the Hoysteds.He wins includes the 1955 Caulfield Cup on Rising Fast, on whom he ridden on 30 occasions, 1953 Maribyrnong Plate on the flying filly Fascinating, 1951 VRC St Leger on Midway, the 1950 VRC Oaks on the brilliant True Course and the three consecutive VRC Sire Produce Stakes on True Course in 1950, Usage in 1951 and Pure Fire in 1952. <mask> is also remembered for his bad luck in the 1955 Melbourne Cup, in which Rising Fast was allegedly interfered with by Toporoa while the former was attempting to win the cups double, i.e. consecutive Melbourne Cups. The winner of the 1954-55 Caulfield Cups was allotted a massive 63.5 kg – yes folks, more than Phar Lap was asked to carry in the 1930 Melbourne Cup,- when attempting to win his second straight Melbourne Cup in 1955. Rising Fast conceded 15.5 kg to Toporoa, who won by a length having moved out in the straight, some experts saying taking out Rising Fast's ground in doing so. On lookers expected <mask> to fire in a protest against Sellwood on his return to scale. While none was forthcoming, Sellwood was suspended for two months for his interference in the race at an adjourned inquiry the next day.<mask> never elaborated on the incident but did confide with the co-writer of this biography, that the interference in question made no impact on the result as the horse was tiring under his huge weight of the time, but to others this explanation was not forthcoming and died with him. He was also remembered for his part in the famous triple dead heat in the 1956 Hotham Handicap at Flemington, when his mount Pandie Sun, trained by the late Collin Hayes, shared the honours with Fighting Force (Jockey Jack Purtell) and Arc Royal (Jockey Reggie

masks: Williamson Williamson Williamson


texts:
 Heather). The European years
<mask> went to Europe in 1960 with wife Zelma and his two sons, spending two years in Ireland with Seamus McGrath, for whom he won several Irish classics. Having moved to England in 1962, <mask> won the Ascot Gold Cup, French Gold Cup and the Arc de Triomphe on Levmoss in 1969, a considerable feat in the same year considering the fact the horse was stylishly winning long distance races over 2.5–3 miles, having to revert to a mile and half against the cream of the crop of Europe to win Arc de Triomphe. Not only did he win this mile and half super classic, at odds of 50-1, he did it in record time (a magnificent feat). <mask> said to the co-writer, "who did you back? I bet you backed Lester (Piggott) on Park Top" who ran second - the disgruntled co-writer admitted he had.He also won the Champions Stakes on the Irish trained Arctic Storm, and the Doncaster Cup on the Paddy Prendergast trained Canterbury. Dubbed "Weary Willy" by the English press because of his sleepy eyes and lack of socialising, <mask> also won the classic One Thousand Guineas at Newmarket twice on Abermaid, trained by Harry Wragg, and Night Off, trained by Major Lionel Holiday, amongst many other major races. He retired from professional racing in 1973 where he took up a new job as Racing Manager for the Indian shipping magnate, Ravi Tikkoo. After a most distinguished career in the saddle of some 37 years, he returned to Melbourne in 1976 at the age of 54 and became assistant start for the VRC and VATC until his death on 28 January 1979. References

External links
Australian Dictionary of Biography: <mask>, William
Friends of Cheltenham and Regional Cemeteries Inc.

1922 births
1979 deaths
Jockeys from Melbourne
Australian Thoroughbred Racing Hall of Fame inductees
Australian Army personnel

masks: Williamson Williamson Williamson Williamson Williamson


texts:
<mask> (14 October 187919 September 1954), known as <mask>, was an Australian writer and feminist who is best known for her novel My Brilliant Career, published by Blackwoods of Edinburgh in 1901. While she wrote throughout her life, her other major literary success, All That Swagger, was not published until 1936. She was committed to the development of a uniquely Australian form of literature, and she actively pursued this goal by supporting writers, literary journals, and writers' organisations. She has had a long-lasting impact on Australian literary life through her endowment of a major annual prize for literature about "Australian Life in any of its phases", the Miles Franklin Award. Her impact was further recognised in 2013 with the creation of the Stella Prize, awarded annually for the best work of literature by an Australian woman. Life and career

<mask> was born at Talbingo, New South Wales, and grew up in the Brindabella Valley on a property called Brindabella Station. She was the eldest child of Australian-born parents, <mask> and <mask>, née Lampe, who was the great-granddaughter of <mask>or Moyle) who had arrived with the First Fleet in the Scarborough with a seven-year sentence for theft.Her family was a member of the squattocracy. She was educated at home until 1889 when she attended Thornford Public. During this period she was encouraged in her writing by her teacher, Mary Gillespie (1856–1938) and Tom Hebblewhite (1857–1923) editor of the local Goulburn newspaper. Her best known novel, My Brilliant Career, tells the story of

masks:
Stella Maria Sarah Miles Franklin
Miles Franklin
Franklin
John Maurice Franklin
Susannah Margaret Eleanor Franklin
Edward Miles (


texts:
 an irrepressible teenage girl, Sybylla Melvyn, growing to womanhood in rural New South Wales. It was published in 1901 with the support of Australian writer, Henry Lawson. After its publication, <mask> tried a career in nursing, and then as a housemaid in Sydney and Melbourne. Whilst doing this she contributed pieces to The Daily Telegraph and The Sydney Morning Herald under the pseudonyms "An Old Bachelor" and "Vernacular."During this period she wrote My Career Goes Bung in which Sybylla encounters the Sydney literary set, but it was not released to the public until 1946. An overtly anti-war play, The Dead Must Not Return, was not published or performed but received a public reading in September 2009. In the United States and England

In 1906, <mask> moved to the US and undertook secretarial work for Alice Henry, another Australian, at the National Women's Trade Union League in Chicago, and co-edited the league's magazine, Life and Labor. Her years in the US are reflected in On Dearborn Street (not published until 1981), a love story that uses American slang in a manner not dissimilar to the early work of Dashiell Hammett. Also while in America she wrote Some Everyday Folk and Dawn (1909), the story of a small-town Australian family, which uses purple prose for deliberate comic effect. She suffered regular bouts of ill health and entered a sanatorium for a period in 1912
In 1915, she travelled to England and worked as a cook and earned some money from journalism. In March 1917 <mask> volunteered for war work in the Ostrovo Unit of the

masks: Franklin Franklin Franklin


texts:
 Scottish Women's Hospitals during the Serbian campaigns of 1917–18.She served as a cook and later matron's orderly in a 200-bed tent hospital attached to the Serbian army near Lake Ostrovo in Macedonian Greece from July 1917 to February 1918. From 1919 to 1926 <mask> worked as Secretary with the National Housing and Town Planning Association in London. She organised a women's international housing convention in 1924. Her life in England in the 1920s gave rise to Bring the Monkey (1933), a satire on the English country house mystery novel. The book reveals <mask>'s views on nationality and class. Unfortunately the book was a literary and commercial failure. Return to Australia

<mask> resettled in Australia in 1932 after the death of her father in 1931.During that decade she wrote several historical novels of the Australian bush, although most of these were published under the pseudonym "Brent of Bin Bin". New South Wales State Librarian, Dagmar Schmidmaier, said "<mask> increasingly feared that nothing she wrote matched the success of My Brilliant Career and resorted to writing under different names, including the bizarre pseudonym Brent of Bin Bin, to protect herself from poor reviews." However, All That Swagger was published under her own name in 1936, winning the S. H. Prior Memorial Prize. <mask> also won the S. H. Prior Memorial Prize in 1939 together with Kate Baker for their collaborative work 'Who Was Joseph Furphy?'. Throughout her life, <mask> actively supported Australian literature. She joined the Fellowship of Australian Writers

masks: Franklin Franklin Franklin Miles Franklin Franklin


texts: in 1933 and the Sydney PEN Club in 1935. She encouraged young writers such as Jean Devanny, Sumner Locke Elliott and Ric Throssell and she supported the new literary journals, Meanjin and Southerly.<mask> entertained literary figures at her home in Carlton, NSW. An autograph book known as <mask>'s Waratah Book held by the State Library of NSW was used for autographs and inscriptions. Guests were encouraged to drink tea from the Waratah Cup and to write in the Waratah Book. In 1937, <mask> declined appointment as an Officer of the Order of the British Empire. It has been alleged that <mask> was a member of the pro-isolationist, anti-war and anti-semitic Australia First Movement as she attended three public meetings of the AFM in December 1941, and had a close association with its leaders. In fact <mask> was vehemently opposed to the political views of each of the leaders of the AF movement, Adela Pankhurst Walsh and P.R. Stephenson, as evidenced by her diary entries and correspondence at the time - "Reds or pinks or 'rightists' all showed their ignorance" she wrote after one attendance, and of Stephenson "I could not have anything to do with his politics".Her long-time association with 'Inky' Stephenson was a literary one, and her attendance at these large public meetings should be seen in the context of the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor (7 December 1941) and the high political temperature of the time. <mask> was staunchly anti-war and, traumatised by her WWI experiences, very much feared a war on Australian soil at this time. In this

masks:
Miles
Miles Franklin
Franklin
Franklin
Franklin
Franklin


texts:
 period of her life <mask> was a constant attendee and speaker at various cultural and literary events. Her message centred on free speech and the championing of Australian literature. While <mask> had many suitors, she never married. She died on 19 September 1954, aged 74 and her ashes were scattered in Jounama Creek, Talbingo close to where she was born. Collaborations
<mask> engaged in a number of literary collaborations throughout her life.In addition to co-editing the journal Life and Labor with Alice Henry in the US, she also wrote Pioneers on Parade in collaboration with Dymphna Cusack and a biography of Joseph Furphy (1944) "in painful collaboration with Kate Baker". Previously, in 1939, she and Baker had won the Prior Memorial prize for an essay on Furphy. Dever writes that the letters between Dymphna Cusack and <mask> that are published in Yarn Spinners "provide a see-sawing commentary on the delicate art of literary collaboration". Legacy

In her will she made a bequest for her estate to establish an annual literary award known as The Miles Franklin Award. The first winner was Patrick White with Voss in 1957. The Canberra suburb of Franklin and the nearby primary school Miles Franklin Primary School are named in her honour. The school holds an annual writing competition in her memory.Additionally the Franklin Public School in Tumut, NSW is also named in her honour. During her lifetime <mask> donated several items to the Mitchell Library. Manuscript material was presented over the period 1937–1942. The various drafts of "Pioneers on

masks:
Franklin
Miles Franklin
Miles Franklin
Miles Franklin
Miles Franklin


texts:
 Parade" were presented in 1940. She bequeathed her printed book collection, correspondence and notes as well as the poems of Mary Fullerton. 47 of <mask>'s diaries are in the State Library of New South Wales, including one copy discovered in 2018. A revival of interest in <mask> occurred in the wake of the Australian New Wave film My Brilliant Career (1979), which won several international awards.In 2014, Google Doodle celebrated her 135th birthday. Awards
 1936: S. H. Prior Memorial Prize awarded by The Bulletin for All that Swagger
 1939: S. H. Prior Memorial Prize for Joseph Furphy: The Legend of a Man and His Book

Selected works

Novels
My Brilliant Career (1901)
Some Everyday Folk and Dawn (1909)
Old Blastus of Bandicoot (1931)
Bring the Monkey (1933)
All That Swagger (1936)
Pioneers on Parade (1939) – with Dymphna Cusack
My Career Goes Bung (1946)
On Dearborn Street (1981)

Under the pseudonym of "Brent of Bin Bin"
 Up the Country (1928)
 Ten Creeks Run (1930)
 Back to Bool Bool (1931)
 Prelude to Waking (1950)
 Cockatoos (1954)
 Gentleman at Gyang Gyang (1956)

Non-fiction
Joseph Furphy: The Legend of a Man and His Book (1944)
Laughter, Not for a Cage (1956)
Childhood at Brindabella (1963)

References

Bibliography
Australian Women Biographical Entry <mask>, Stella Maria ( Marian) <mask> (1879–1954) Accessed: 2007-09-01
Dever, Maryanne (2001?) The Complexities of Female Friendship: Review of "Yarn Spinners' and "Passionate Friends" Accessed: 2007-09-01
<mask>: Her Brilliant Yet Troubled Life Revealed (Media Release for State Library

masks:
Miles Franklin
Franklin
Franklin
Sarah Miles
Miles Franklin


texts:
 of New South Wales exhibition,  <mask>: A brilliant career? ), 26 February 2004 Accessed: 2007-09-01
Roe, J. I. (1981) "<mask>, Stella Maria <mask> (1879–1954)" in Australian Dictionary of Biography online Accessed: 2007-09-01
Roe, Jill (2004) "The diaries of <mask> Franklin" in theage.com.au, 13 March 2004 Accessed: 2007-09-01
Spender, Dale (1988) Writing a New World: Two Centuries of Australian Women Writers, London: Pandora
State Library of New South Wales Australian Feminist Manuscripts: <mask> Franklin (1879–1954) Accessed: 2007-09-01
Roe, Jill (2008) Stella Miles Franklin: a biography, Harper Collins, Australia

Further reading
Barnard, Marjorie (1967) Miles Franklin: The Story of a Famous Australian
Brunton, Paul (ed) (2004) The diaries of Miles Franklin, Allen and Unwin
Coleman, Verna (1981) "Her Unknown (Brilliant) Career: Miles Franklin in America" Angus and Robertson
Martin, Sylvia (2001) Passionate Friends: Mary Fullerton, Mabel Singleton, Miles Franklin, Only Women Press
North, Marilla (ed) (2001) Yarn Spinners: A Story in Letters – Dymphna Cusack, Florence James, Miles Franklin, University of Queensland Press
Roe, Jill (ed) (1993) Congenials: Miles Franklin and Friends in Letters, Vol. 1 & 2, Angus and Robertson

External links

 Works by Miles Franklin at Project Gutenberg Australia

 Great Rural Speeches: Miles Franklin
 Miles Franklin: A Brilliant Career? : State Library of New South Wales exhibition guide
  Interview with biographer Jill Roe, author of Stella Miles Franklin: A Biography, with Ramona Koval, The Book

masks:
Miles Franklin
Franklin
Sarah Miles
Miles
Miles


texts:
 Show, ABC Radio National, 20/11/08.MP3 audiobook of My Brilliant Career  from LibriVox
 <mask> <mask> in the Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth Century Australia
 <mask> diary, 5 January 1917 – 16 February 1918: images and transcript at State Library of New South Wales
 <mask> diary, 17 February-29 December 1918: images and transcript at State Library of New South Wales

1879 births
1954 deaths
Australian women novelists
Australian non-fiction writers
Writers from New South Wales
People from the Riverina
Australian crime writers
Child writers
20th-century Australian novelists
20th-century Australian women writers
Australian feminist writers
Women mystery writers
Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service
19th-century Australian women
19th-century Australian

masks:
Stella Miles
Franklin
Miles Franklin
Miles Franklin


texts:
<mask> (July 15, 1923 – May 18, 1976) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher. He is likely remembered for throwing the pitch that ended Cass Michaels' career on August 27, . U.S. Navy
The ,  right-hander was born in Brant, New York, and raised in nearby North Collins. He briefly attended Cortland State University before enlisting in the United States Navy, and serving as a radio operator in the Amphibious Unit during World War II. After the war, <mask> signed with the Brooklyn Dodgers and began his professional baseball career at age 23 in . Early years
<mask> spent five seasons in the Dodgers' farm system, compiling a 66–33 record and 3.24 earned run average when his contract was purchased by the Philadelphia Athletics early in the  season. He went 17–8 with a 2.26 ERA for the Triple-A Ottawa A's to earn a call up to Philadelphia that September.Fricano made two appearances out of the bullpen, pitching a total of five innings, and allowing just one earned run. He earned his first major league win against the Detroit Tigers on September 12. Philadelphia Athletics
The following Spring, Fricano impressed A's manager Jimmy Dykes enough to earn himself a bullpen job for the start of the  season. He made five relief appearances (all in losses) before making his first start in the second game of a May 22 doubleheader with the Boston Red Sox. After surrendering a first inning home run to Hoot Evers, Fricano held the Sox scoreless. The score was tied at one when <mask> led off the eighth with a double, then stole third. He came around to score the go-ahead run on Eddie Robinson's sacrifice fly.The lead, however, did not last, as the

masks:
Marion John Fricano
Fricano
Fricano
Fricano


texts:
 A's bullpen allowed a ninth inning run to send the game into extra innings. He was even better in his second start, also against the Red Sox. <mask> allowed one run, a solo home run by center fielder Tom Umphlett in the ninth inning, on his way to the complete game victory. His heroics with the bat also continued. His second inning single drove (coincidentally) Cass Michaels home with the A's second run of the game. The 1953 A's finished seventh of eight American League teams in runs scored (only the St. Louis Browns were worse) on their way to 95 losses. Hence, <mask>'s 9–12 record is not indicative of how well he pitched.His 3.88 ERA was tops on his team, he was second on the Athletics' staff (and ninth overall in the A.L.) in innings pitched (211), and pitched ten complete games. <mask>'s fortunes reversed in 1954. After losing his first start of the season, he was moved into the bullpen. He ended up splitting his time fairly evenly between starts and relief appearances. Facing the Washington Senators on August 23, he was cruising along, having allowed just one hit into the fifth inning. After a two out walk to Eddie Yost the Senators followed with three consecutive singles to take a 3–1 lead.He ended up losing the game, and seeing his record fall to 5–9, and his ERA rise to 5.17. $150 fine
<mask> hoped to bounce back in his next start, against the Chicago White Sox, but was again the victim of one big inning. Jim Rivera hit a bases clearing triple to give the Chisox a 5–0 lead in the third inning when Cass Michaels stepped to the plate. The first pitch out of <mask>'s hand nailed Michaels in the temple. Michaels was hospitalized

masks: Fricano Fricano Fricano Fricano Fricano


texts:
 after the pitch, and his season was ended. He tried to come back the following spring, but after collapsing during Spring training, called it a career at just 28 years old. After surrendering a home run to the following batter, Johnny Groth, which brought the score to 8–0, manager Eddie Joost pulled him from the game.<mask> made his next appearance out of the bullpen, and hit opposing pitcher Steve Gromek of the Detroit Tigers. Gromek, who hit A's batter Bill Wilson in the fourth inning, and had a reputation as a head hunter himself (12 hit batsmen in 1954), charged the mound. Both players were ejected from the game, and fined by the league. Last hurler in Philadelphia's American League history
In , Fricano had far more success as a reliever than starter. He went 4–11 with a 6.13 ERA as a starter, but was 1–0 with two saves and a 2.72 ERA out of the bullpen. On Sunday, September 26, 1954, the closing day of the Athletics' nightmarish, 103-loss campaign, <mask> took the mound at Yankee Stadium in he sixth inning in relief of Art Ditmar; the bases were loaded, with one out, and Philadelphia was clinging to a 6–4 lead. Fricano proceeded to throw a wild pitch, bringing the Yankees to within a run.He then issued an intentional walk to Mickey Mantle to re-load the bases, but set up a double play. Facing another Baseball Hall of Famer, Yogi Berra, Fricano induced Berra to bounce into a 3–6–3 twin-killing to end the inning and preserve the Athletics' lead. Philadelphia went on to win the contest, 8–6, with Fricano going the distance and getting credit for a save. The contest turned out to be the cash-starved Athletics' last in

masks: Fricano Fricano


texts:
 Philadelphia's 54-year-old American League history. A complicated process that included an 11th-hour bid by Philadelphia interests to buy the Athletics ultimately saw Connie Mack's legendary franchise sold to industrialist Arnold Johnson and moved to Kansas City, Missouri, in the autumn of 1954. In , the A's found themselves in a new city with a new manager. Kansas City skipper Lou Boudreau used Fricano strictly out of the bullpen.His success as a reliever continued, however, Boudreau seemed to lack faith in <mask>. Despite a 0.82 ERA, Fricano had only been used in lopsided losses. Facing the New York Yankees on July 23, Fricano allowed two inherited runners to score, but did not allow an earned run of his own to bring his ERA to a season low of 0.77. He pitched again three days later; this time he was hit hard by the Washington Senators. Roy Sievers led off with a home run. This was followed by a triple, double and single, as the Senators completed a reversed natural cycle on their way to scoring four runs in the inning. He pitched one more inning unscathed, however, his ERA now stood at 3.29.He made three more appearances, all in losses, before he was optioned to the Triple-A Denver Bears never to pitch in the major leagues again. Minor league career

Fricano became a well traveled minor leaguer. After the 1955 season, Fricano and $60,000 were sent to the unaffiliated Toronto Maple Leafs of the International League for fellow pitcher Jack Crimian. Shortly into the , he was dealt to the Chicago White Sox, and was assigned to their double A Southern Association affiliate, the Memphis Chickasaws. After the 1956 season, he was drafted


texts:
 by the Seattle Rainiers (Cincinnati Reds Pacific Coast League affiliate) in the minor league draft. During the  season, he was dealt to the Phoenix Giants for Max Surkont. From there, he was dealt to the Dallas-Fort Worth Rangers, with whom he would end his career in .Career statistics
Major leagues

Minor leagues
Over thirteen minor league seasons, Fricano was 131–91 with a 3.39 ERA in 423 games pitched. Post playing career
After his baseball career, Fricano returned to North Collins, where he served as Town Supervisor from 1962-1973. He earned his master's degree at the University at Buffalo. He became a school teacher, and later the recreation director at Gowanda State Hospital. He died from complications due to cancer at age 52 while on vacation in Tijuana. The Town of North Collins, New York dedicated The <mask> J. <mask> Memorial Town Park in his honor. References

External links

1923 births
1976 deaths
Baseball players from New York (state)
Cortland Red Dragons baseball players
Dallas Rangers players
Deaths from cancer in Mexico
Denver Bears players
Indianapolis Indians players
Johnstown Johnnies players
Kansas City Athletics players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Memphis Chickasaws players
Mobile Bears players
Nashua Dodgers players
Ottawa A's players
Sportspeople from Erie County, New York
Phoenix Giants players
Philadelphia Athletics players
Pueblo Dodgers players
St. Paul Saints (AA) players
Seattle Rainiers players
Toronto Maple Leafs (International League) players
University at Buffalo alumni
Valdosta Dodgers players
United States Navy personnel of World War II
United States Navy sailors
American expatriate baseball

masks: Marion Fricano


texts:
<mask> (June 22, 1903 – November 21, 1988), nicknamed "The Meal Ticket" and "<mask>", was an American Major League Baseball player. He was a pitcher for the New York Giants of the National League from 1928 to 1943, and remained on the team's payroll for the rest of his life, long after their move to San Francisco. Twice voted the National League's Most Valuable Player, <mask> was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1947. During 1936 and 1937, Hubbell set the major league record for consecutive wins by a pitcher with 24. He is perhaps best remembered for his performance in the 1934 All-Star Game, when he struck out five future Hall of Famers – Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Jimmie Foxx, Al Simmons and Joe Cronin – in succession. Hubbell's primary pitch was the screwball. Early years

<mask> was born in Carthage, Missouri and raised in Meeker, Oklahoma.Minor league career
<mask> was originally signed by the Detroit Tigers and was invited to spring training in 1926. However, pitching coach George McBride and player-manager Ty Cobb weren't impressed with him. Additionally, they were concerned about his reliance on a screwball, a pitch that some believe places an unusual amount of stress on a pitcher's arm . <mask> was sent to the Toronto Maple Leafs in the International League before the start of the season. He went 7–7 on a championship team. In 1927 he was invited to spring training again with Detroit, but the Tigers still weren't impressed and sent him two steps down the minor-league ladder, to the Decatur Commodores of the Illinois–Indiana–Iowa League. Despite a 14–7 record, the Tigers didn't invite him back for 1928, and he was sent to the Beaumont Exporters of the Texas League.<mask> was so fed up by this time that he told Beaumont manager Claude Robinson that he would retire and go into the oil business unless he was sold to another

masks:
Carl Owen Hubbell
King Carl
Hubbell
Hubbell
Hubbell
Hubbell
Hubbell


texts:
 organization by the end of the season. Years later, he said that being unloaded by the Tigers was the best thing that ever happened to him. Major league career
<mask>'s break came that June, when Giants scout Dick Kinsella decided to take in a game between Hubbell's Exporters and the Houston Buffs while in Houston for the 1928 Democratic National Convention. He had not planned on doing any scouting, but was impressed by Hubbell. Kinsella called Giants manager John McGraw and mentioned that he knew of Hubbell's release by Detroit, prompted in part by Cobb's concerns about the screwball. McGraw replied that Christy Mathewson had a screwball (a fadeaway, as it was called in his time) and it did not seem to affect his arm. Kinsella followed Hubbell for a month and was still impressed.<mask> would go 10–6 in his first major league season and would pitch his entire career for the Giants. With a slow delivery of his screwball, Hubbell recorded five consecutive 20-win seasons for the Giants (1933–37) and helped his team to three NL pennants and the 1933 World Series title. In the 1933 Series, he won two complete game victories, including an 11-inning 2–1 triumph in Game Four (the run was unearned). In six career Series starts, he was 4–2 with 32 strikeouts and a low 1.79 earned run average. <mask> finished his career with a 253–154 record, 1677 strikeouts, 724 walks, 36 shutouts and a 2.98 ERA, in 3590 innings pitched. As a hitter, Hubbell posted a .191 batting average (246-for-1288) with 95 runs, 30 doubles, 4 home runs, 101 RBI and 33 bases on balls. In six World Series appearances, he batted .211 (4-for-19) with 1 run and 1 RBI.Defensively, he recorded a .967 fielding percentage. <mask> won 24 consecutive decisions between 1936 (16) and 1937 (8), the longest such streak ever recorded in major league history. He was twice named National League MVP

masks: Hubbell Hubbell Hubbell Hubbell


texts:
 (1933, 1936) (1st unanimous MVP pick in 1936). He led the league in wins 3 times in 1933 (23), 1936 (26), and 1937 (22). <mask> led the league in ERA three times in 1933 (1.66), 1934 (2.30), and 1936 (2.31). He led the league in innings pitched in 1933 (308). He led the league in strikeouts in 1937 (159).He led the league in strikeouts per 9 innings pitched in 1938 (5.23). He led the league in shutouts in 1933 (10). He led the league in saves in 1934 (eight, retroactively credited). He compiled a streak of 46 scoreless innings and four shutouts in 1933. He pitched a no-hitter against the Pittsburgh Pirates (11–0, May 8, 1929). He pitched an 18-inning shutout against the St. Louis Cardinals (1–0, July 2, 1933). In its 1936 World Series cover story about Lou Gehrig and <mask>, Time depicted the Fall Classic that year between crosstown rivals Giants and Yankees as "a personal struggle between Hubbell and Gehrig", calling Hubbell "...currently baseball's No.1 Pitcher and among the half dozen ablest in the game's annals." Time said that while he was growing up on his family's Missouri farm, he "practiced for hours...throwing stones at a barn door until he could unfailingly hit knotholes no bigger than a dime". <mask> was released at the end of the 1943 season. He had posted a 4–4 record that year, marking the only time he did not record double-digit wins. However, Giants owner Horace Stoneham immediately appointed him as director of player development, a post he held for 35 years. During that time, he lived in Haworth, New Jersey; he continued to live there after the Giants left New York. The last ten years of his life were spent as a Giants scout.At the time of his death, he was one of the last New York Giants still active in some capacity in baseball, and the last player from the McGraw era who was still active in the game. All-Star Game record
In

masks:
Hubbell
Carl Hubbell
Hubbell


texts:
 the 1934 All Star Game played at the Polo Grounds, Hubbell produced one of Baseball's most memorable moments by striking out five future Hall of Famers in succession: Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Jimmie Foxx, Al Simmons and Joe Cronin. This, in an era where the strikeout was far less common than today, regarded as an undesirable outcome, not merely an acceptable byproduct of swinging for the fences. In 1984, the 50th anniversary of this legendary performance, <mask> was on hand for the 1984 All-Star Game at San Francisco's Candlestick Park to throw out the first pitch, which was a screwball. Personal life
<mask> was married to Lucille "Sue" Harrington (1905–1967) from 1930 until her death. They had two children: <mask>. (born 1936) and James. <mask>. had a brief career in the lower minor leagues and later was a career officer in the United States Marine Corps.<mask> suffered a stroke while driving near his home in Mesa, Arizona on November 21, 1988, that caused him to lose control of his car and crash into a lamppost. He was taken to a hospital in Scottsdale, where he died of blunt force injuries later that day. He is interred at Meeker-Newhope Cemetery in Meeker, Oklahoma. His death came exactly 30 years after that of his teammate Mel Ott, who likewise died from an automobile accident. Baseball honors

<mask> was a nine-time All-Star, having been honored each year from 1933 to 1938 and then again from 1940 to 1942. In 1999, he ranked number 45 on The Sporting News list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was a nominee for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team. <mask> was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1947.He was the first NL player to have his number (11) retired. His number is posted on the facing of the upper deck in the left field corner at Oracle Park. In 1981, <mask> received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy

masks:
Hubbell
Hubbell
Carl Jr
Carl Jr
Hubbell
Hubbell
Hubbell
Hubbell


texts:
<mask> (1896-2022) was a leading Freedom Fighter and Congress Leader from Pune at the time of Indian Independence and leader of the Samyukta Maharashtra Movement. The Famous Swargate chowk in Pune is named after him. Early life and background
<mask> was younger son of <mask>. The Jedhe were a wealthy Maratha family with Deshmukh lineage from Pune. The family members belonged to the Satyashodhak Samaj and played an active part in the activities of the samaj in the early parts of 20th century. The family chiefly derived their wealth from a brass factory they owned. The factory was run by <mask>'s oldest brother, one of his brother, Baburao was active in non-brahman movement whilst Keshavrao was active in Satyashodhak samaj.Baburao was in fact, considered a close associate of Shahu, ruler of the princely state of Kolhapur. Political activism and career

Satyashodhak samaj and Non-brahman party
After death of Shahu Maharaj in 1922, <mask> assumed leadership of the non-Brahmin communities in Pune and surrounding areas under the banner of Non-brahman party (NBM) and satyashodhak samaj. Capturing the Ganpati and Shivaji festivals from Brahmin domination were the early goals of <mask> and his associates. They combined nationalism with anti-casteism as the party's aim. <mask> led through the 1920s until its merger with the Congress party. spent twelve years of his life for the NBM. During this period, he served as member of Pune Municipality for NBM.He also took
part in equality and untouchability removal campaigns organized by Dalit leader, Dr. Ambedkar. The Samaj and the party also conducted activities in Satara District, Kolhapur State and other places in this area that were designed to harass Brahmins, and to drive them from their positions as priests, government officials, money-lenders, and teachers in the rural areas. Prior to 1920s, the samaj opposed the Indian national movement because it was a

masks:
Keshavrao Marutrao Jedhe
Keshavrao Jedhe
Marutirao Jedhe
Jedhe
Jedhe
Jedhe
Jedhe


texts:
 movement led by the elites. Followers of the Samaj during 20th century in addition to Jedhe included educationalist Bhaurao Patil Nana Patil, Khanderao Bagal and Madhavrao Bagal. By the 1930s, given the mass movement nature of the Congress party under Mahatma Gandhi, Jedhe joined the Congress, and the samaj activities withered away. Congress party
In the 1930s, Jedhe merged the non-Brahmin party with the Congress party, and transformed the Congress from an upper-caste dominated body to a more broadly based, but Maratha-dominated party in Pune and other parts of Maharashtra. He brought the Maratha community of Maharashtra into mainstream politics and won the first election in November 1934 for the Bombay Presidency legislative council.In 1938, Keshavrao became president of the state Congress and Jedhe Mansion was the centre of activity.In the early 1940s Jedhe started a peasant league within Congress which was seen by some as a challenge to the then Marathi and Gujarati Brahmin leadership of the Congress party in Bombay presidency.<mask> was instrumental in building the Congress Bhavan in Pune. After Independence in 1948, <mask> left the party to become one of the founder members of Peasants and Workers Party (PWP). He fought and lost the first Lok Sabha election in 1952 from Pune as PWP candidate against his friend and Congress candidate N. V. Gadgil. Disappointed with left leaning policies of other PWP leaders, <mask> returned to the Congress fold in August 1952. He was elected to Lok Sabha in 1957 elections from Baramati as a Congress party candidate. Later, Yashwantrao Chavan often said he joined the Congress only because of Keshavrao. Sanyukta Maharashtra Movement pioneer

The Indian National Congress was pledged to linguistic states, but the States Re-organisation Committee recommended a bi-lingual state for Maharashtra-Gujarat, with Mumbai as its capital.Its inauguration on 1 November 1956,

masks: Jedhe Jedhe Jedhe


texts:
 caused a great political stir and, under the leadership of <mask> <mask>, an all-party meeting was held in Pune and Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti was founded on 6 February 1956. In the second general election the Samiti defeated the stalwarts of Congress by securing 101 seats out of 133, including 12 from Mumbai. The Congress could form a government only with the support of Gujarat, Marathwada and Vidarbha. Yashwantrao Chavan became the first Chief Minister of the bi-lingual Bombay State. S.M. Joshi, SA Dange, NG Gore and PK Atre fought relentlessly for Samyukta Maharashtra, even at the cost of sacrificing the lives of several people and finally succeeded in convincing Congress leaders that Maharashtra should form a separate state. The resignation of CD Deshmukh, the then Finance Minister of the Nehru Cabinet, had its salutary effect, and on 1 May 1960, the state of Maharashtra, which included western Maharashtra, Vidarbha and Marathwada was born with the blessings of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.Jedhe Mansion

Jedhe Mansion – second home of Maharashtra Congress Movement

Jedhe Mansion at 907, Shukrawar Peth, Pune, was houses of Keshwarao Jedhe, once the centre of political and social activities in Pune and Maharashtra during Pre and Post Independence Era. Jedhe Mansion was built by Marutrao Babaji Jedhe in 1885, Jedhe Mansion was where <mask> <mask> launched his stormy battles against social norms and the political establishment of the day from the late 1920s to the 1960s. Pune was then divided into ‘western’ and ‘eastern’ parts, along geographical and sociological lines. Western Pune, represented by Kesari Wada, was dominated by Brahmins and their culture, while eastern Pune was represented by Jedhe Mansion and Keshavrao’s bahujan samaj. The Jedhe family believed in the ideology of Satyashodhak Samaj, set up by Mahatma Phule. <mask>’s elder brothers Dadasaheb and Baburao were close associates of Shahu

masks: Keshavrao Jedhe Keshavrao Jedhe Keshavrao


texts:
 Maharaj of Kolhapur who was then spearheading the Satyashodhak movement. Shahu Maharaj visited Jedhe Mansion whenever he was in Pune.In the 1920s, Jedhe Mansion emerged as a political and social school for several youths from the bahujan samaj. The Jedhe brothers lived together and the story goes that a minimum of 50 people, (not members of the Jedhe family), shared a meal at any given time. An activist of the Satyashodhak movement would head straight for Jedhe Mansion as soon as he landed in Pune. Apart from common workers, it was also home to stalwarts like Karmaveer Vitthal Ramji Shinde, Kakasaheb Gadgil, Dinkarrao Jawalkar and Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil. Leaders like Pandit Motilal Nehru, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, Dr Rajendra Prasad, Jayaprakash Narayan, Senapati Bapat, Bhausaheb Hire and Shankarrao Deo also visited Jedhe Mansion. Mahatma Gandhi too came to Jedhe Mansion twice. Till 1934, Jedhe Mansion was the centre of social activities related to the Independence movement in Maharashtra.During this period, Maharashtra witnessed several controversies like Shivaji’s memorial and installation of the statue of Mahatma Phule in Pune. Jedhe Mansion was where strategies were drawn up to fight the anti-social and Conservist activities. Jedhe Mansion also witnessed several meetings on the Goa Liberation Movement and the Samyukta Maharashtra agitation in 1956. References

 Government of Maharashtra Official Website- https://web.archive.org/web/20081006221033/http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/community/community_samyuktaShow.php

Indian revolutionaries
1886 births
1959 deaths
Politicians from Pune
Members of the Constituent Assembly of India
Satyashodhak Samaj
Members of Central Legislative Assembly of India
Indian political party founders
Peasants and Workers Party of India politicians
Marathi politicians
Maharashtra politicians
Indian National Congress politicians from Maharashtra
20th-century


texts: <mask> ( ; born 18 December 1975) is an Australian singer and songwriter. She started her career as a singer in the acid jazz band Crisp in the mid-1990s in Adelaide. In 1997, when Crisp disbanded, she released her debut studio album, titled OnlySee, in Australia. She moved to London and provided vocals for the British duo Zero 7. Sia released her second studio album, Healing Is Difficult, in 2001, and her third, Colour the Small One, in 2004. Sia moved to New York City in 2005 and toured the United States. Her fourth and fifth studio albums, Some People Have Real Problems and We Are Born, were released in 2008 and 2010, respectively.Each was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association and attracted wider notice than her earlier albums. Uncomfortable with her growing fame, Sia took a hiatus from performing and focused on songwriting for other artists, producing successful collaborations "Titanium" (with David Guetta), "Diamonds" (with Rihanna) and "Wild Ones" (with Flo Rida). In 2014, Sia broke through as a solo recording artist when her sixth studio album, 1000 Forms of Fear, debuted at No. 1 in the U.S. Billboard 200 and generated the top-ten single "Chandelier" and a trilogy of music videos co-directed by Sia and starring child dancer Maddie Ziegler. Since then, Sia has usually worn a wig that obscures her face to protect her privacy. Her seventh studio album, This Is Acting (2016), spawned her first Billboard Hot 100 number one single, "Cheap Thrills".The same year, <mask> began her Nostalgic for the Present Tour, which incorporated dancing by Ziegler and others, and other performance art elements. Her eighth studio album, Everyday Is Christmas, was released in 2017 and reissued in 2018 with three bonus tracks. In 2018, she collaborated with Labrinth and Diplo in the group LSD, and they released their self-titled debut album in April 2019. Sia wrote and directed a feature film, titled Music, which was

masks:
Sia Kate Isobelle Fur
Sia


texts:
 released in early 2021 alongside an album, Music – Songs from and Inspired by the Motion Picture. Among the accolades received by Sia are nearly a dozen ARIA Awards, 9 Grammy Award nominations and an MTV Video Music Award. Early life and career
<mask> Kate Isobelle Furler was born on 18 December 1975 in Adelaide, South Australia. Her father, Phil Colson, is a musician, and her mother, Loene Furler, is an art lecturer.Sia is the niece of actor-singer Kevin Colson. Sia said that as a child she imitated the performing style of Aretha Franklin, Stevie Wonder and Sting, whom she cites as early influences. She attended Adelaide High School. In the mid-1990s, Sia started a career as a singer in the local acid jazz band Crisp. Sia collaborated with the band and contributed vocals to their album Word and the Deal (1996) and EP Delirium (1997). In 1997 Crisp disbanded, and Sia released her debut studio album, OnlySee, on Flavoured Records, in Australia, on 23 December. The album sold about 1,200 copies.Unlike her later albums, OnlySee was marketed under her full name, "Sia Furler". It was produced by Jesse Flavell. Career

1997–2006: Zero 7, Healing Is Difficult and Colour the Small One

After Crisp disbanded in 1997, Sia moved to London, where she performed as a background vocalist for British band Jamiroquai. She also provided vocals for English downtempo group Zero 7 on their first three studio albums and toured with the group. On Zero 7's 2001 album Simple Things, Sia contributed vocals to two tracks including the single  "Destiny", which peaked at No. 30 on the UK Singles Chart. In 2004, she provided vocals for Zero 7 on "Somersault" and "Speed Dial No.2" (from the album When It Falls). In 2006, Sia collaborated with Zero 7 for their third album, The Garden, and hence she is regarded as the "unofficial" lead singer of Zero 7. In 2000, Sia signed a recording contract with Sony Music's sub-label Dance Pool and released her first


texts:
 single, "Taken for Granted", which peaked at No. 10 on the UK Singles Chart. In 2001, she released her second solo album, Healing Is Difficult, which blends retro jazz and soul music and lyrically discusses Sia's dealing with the death of her first love affair. Displeased with the promotion of the album, Sia fired her manager, left Sony Music and signed with Go! Beat, a subsidiary of Universal Music Group (UMG).At the APRA Awards of 2002, Sia won the Breakthrough Songwriter category alongside Brisbane pop duo Aneiki's Jennifer Waite and Grant Wallis. In 2004, Sia released her third studio album, Colour the Small One. The album employs a mixture of acoustic instruments and electronic backing to her material. The album spawned four singles, including "Don't Bring Me Down" and "Breathe Me", the latter of which charted in the United Kingdom, Denmark and France. Dissatisfied with Colour the Small Ones poor marketing and the album's struggle to connect with a mainstream audience, Sia relocated to New York City in 2005. During that time, "Breathe Me" appeared in the final scene of the U.S. HBO television series Six Feet Under, which helped increase Sia's fame in the United States. Consequently, Sia's manager, David Enthoven, set up a tour across the country to maintain her career.2007–2010: Some People Have Real Problems and We Are Born

In 2007, Sia released a live album, Lady Croissant, which included eight live songs from her April 2006 performance at the Bowery Ballroom in New York and one new studio recording—"Pictures". A year later, she left Zero 7 on friendly terms, replaced by Eska Mtungwazi as the band's frontwoman. Sia released her fourth studio album, Some People Have Real Problems on 8 January 2008. The album peaked at No. 41 in Australia and was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association. It charted at No. 26 on the US Billboard 200, becoming Sia's first to chart in the United States.Some People


texts: Have Real Problems yielded four singles, including "The Girl You Lost to Cocaine". It peaked at No. 11 in the Netherlands and No. 12 in Spain; it additionally reached No. 8 on the US Hot Dance Club Songs. Another single from the album was "Soon We'll Be Found". In May 2009, Sia released TV Is My Parent on DVD, which includes a live concert at New York's Hiro Ballroom, four music videos and behind-the-scene footage.At the ARIA Music Awards of 2009, Sia won the Best Music DVD category for TV Is My Parent. She also received a nomination for Best Breakthrough Artist Album for Some People Have Real Problems. In 2009, American singer Christina Aguilera approached Sia about writing ballads for Aguilera's sixth studio album. The final product, Bionic, includes four songs co-written by Sia. Later in 2010, Sia also co-wrote "Bound to You" for the soundtrack of the film Burlesque, which starred Aguilera and Cher. The song was nominated for Best Original Song at the 68th Golden Globe Awards. In May 2011, Sia appeared on the inaugural season of the U.S. version of The Voice as an adviser for Aguilera, who served as a vocal coach and judge.In June 2010, Sia released her fifth studio album, We Are Born. The release peaked at No. 2 on the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association. The release of the album was preceded by three singles: the lead single, "You've Changed", was released in December 2009 and charted at No. 31 in Australia. The follow-up single, "Clap Your Hands", peaked at No. 17 in Australia, No.10 in the Netherlands and No. 27 in Switzerland. At the ARIA Music Awards of 2010, We Are Born earned Sia two categories won: Best Independent Release and Best Pop Release. Meanwhile, at the 2011 APRA Music Awards, Sia received a nomination for Song of the Year for "Clap Your Hands". To promote We Are Born, Sia gave the We Meaning You Tour, which visited North America and Europe in April–May


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 2010. She followed this with the We Are Born Tour, which visited Australia in February 2011 and North America in July–August 2011. 2010–2013: Songwriting career and mainstream recognition

Following the success of We Are Born, Sia became uncomfortable with her growing fame.She later told The New York Times: "I just wanted to have a private life. Once, as my friend was telling me they had cancer, someone came up and asked, in the middle of the conversation, if they could take a photograph with me. You get me? That's enough, right?" She refused to do promos for her tours, began to wear a mask on stage and became increasingly dependent on drugs and alcohol on the road; she considered suicide. Sia fired Enthoven and hired Jonathan Daniel, who suggested that she write songs for other artists. Sia retired as a recording artist and began a career as a songwriter.She soon penned "Titanium" for American singer Alicia Keys, but it was later sent to David Guetta, who included Sia's original demo vocals on the song and released it as a single in 2011. "Titanium" peaked within the top ten of record charts in the United States, Australia and numerous European regions. However, Sia recalled: "I never even knew it was gonna happen, and I was really upset. Because I had just retired, I was trying to be a pop songwriter, not an artist." From 2011 to 2013, Sia also co-wrote songs for many recording artists, including Beyoncé, Kylie Minogue, Flo Rida and Rihanna. Her collaboration with Flo Rida, "Wild Ones", peaked at No. 5 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was the tenth best-selling song of 2012 globally.In March 2012, Sia released a "greatest hits" album, Best Of..., in Australia. 2013–2014: Breakthrough with 1000 Forms of Fear
In October 2013, Sia released "Elastic Heart" featuring The Weeknd and Diplo for the soundtrack of the American film The Hunger Games: Catching Fire (2013). Sia executive-produced Brooke Candy's debut EP, Opulence, released


texts: in May 2014, and co-wrote 3 songs on the EP. In July 2014, Sia released her own sixth studio album, 1000 Forms of Fear. She again collaborated with Greg Kurstin. The album debuted at No. 1 in the US Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 52,000 copies.By October 2015, it was certified gold by the RIAA denoting 500,000 equivalent-album units sold in the United States. The record peaked at No. 1 in Australia and reached the top ten of charts in numerous European regions. It was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry and gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association. By early 2016, the album had sold 1 million copies worldwide. 1000 Forms of Fears lead single, "Chandelier" was released in March 2014. The song peaked at No.8 on the US Billboard Hot 100, becoming <mask>'s first entry on that chart as a lead artist. Elsewhere, the song experienced similar commercial success, ranking in the top ten of the record charts in Australia and numerous European regions. As of January 2015, the single had sold 2 million copies in the United States. "Eye of the Needle" and "Big Girls Cry" were released as the second and third singles from the album, respectively, in June 2014. In January 2015, Sia released a solo version of "Elastic Heart" as the fourth single from 1000 Forms of Fear; it eventually reached the top 20 on the Hot 100. At the 57th Annual Grammy Awards (2015), Sia received four nominations for "Chandelier": Record of the Year, Song of the Year, Best Pop Solo Performance and Best Music Video. For performances of songs from 1000 Forms of Fear, Sia chose not to show her face, either facing away from audiences or hiding it behind oversized platinum blonde wigs.In videos for the singles "Chandelier", "Elastic Heart" and "Big Girls Cry", choreographed by Ryan Heffington and co-directed by <mask> and Daniel Askill, and in many of the promotional live performances, child dancer Maddie Ziegler performed as a proxy

masks: Sia Sia


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 for Sia in bobbed blonde wigs similar to Sia's familiar hairstyle. The three videos have received a total of more than 3 billion views on Vevo. Sia explained to Kristen Wiig in an interview in Interview magazine that she decided to conceal her face to avoid a celebrity lifestyle and maintain some privacy: "I'm trying to have some control over my image. And I'm allowed to maintain some modicum of privacy. But also I would like not to be picked apart or for people to observe when I put on ten pounds or take off ten pounds or I have a hair extension out of place or my fake tan is botched. Most people don't have to be under that pressure, and I'd like to be one of them." The video for Elastic Heart "courted controversy and plaudits in equal measure", with some commentators perceiving it to have paedophilic undertones due to the relative ages of the dancers.Sia explained that the two dancers represented "warring 'Sia' self states", but she nevertheless apologized on Twitter to anyone who was "triggered". Gia Kourlas wrote in The New York Times in 2016 that Sia's collaborations with Heffington have "done more to raise the standards of dance in pop music than nearly any current artist integrating the forms". The "Chandelier" video was ranked as the 10th "greatest music video" of the 2010s by Billboard. In 2014, Sia contributed to the soundtrack to the 2014 film adaptation of the Broadway musical Annie. Sia, along with producer Greg Kurstin, wrote three new songs for the film as well as re-working songs from the musical. Sia, Kurstin and the film's director Will Gluck were nominated for Best Original Song at the 72nd Golden Globe Awards for "Opportunity". 2015–2017: This Is Acting
In an interview with NME in February 2015, Sia revealed that she had completed the follow-up to 1000 Forms of Fear, entitled This Is Acting.The album was another collaboration with producer and co-writer Greg Kurstin. Furler said that she released 1000 Forms


texts: of Fear to free herself from her record deal and had planned simply to write for other artists, but the album's success spurred her to continue writing her own music. The same month, alongside the digital deluxe release of 1000 Forms of Fear, she released a mobile game, Bob Job. "Alive" from This Is Acting was co-written by Adele and had originally been intended for Adele's third album. In November, Sia collaborated with composer J. Ralph on the soundtrack of the environmental documentary Racing Extinction, co-writing and singing the song "One Candle". She also released two more songs from the album, "Bird Set Free" and "One Million Bullets". "Cheap Thrills" and "Reaper" were subsequently released as promotional singles for the album.Eventually, the single "Cheap Thrills", featuring Sean Paul, reached No. 1 on the US Billboard Hot 100. Sia released two videos for the song, one of which features Ziegler and two male dancers, while the other, featuring Sean Paul, shows a 1950s style teen dance party; it has accumulated more than 1.4 billion views. In April 2016, Sia gave a widely acclaimed performance at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival that went viral online. Her performance received an effusively positive critical reception as "one of the greatest moments in Coachella's 17-year history", and it was consistently noted as one of the best performances of the 2016 festival. The performance was her first full concert since 2011. In May 2016, Sia made a surprise appearance on the finale for Survivor: Kaôh Rōng where she donated $50,000 to contestant Tai Trang.She donated another $50,000 to an animal charity of his choice, noting that the two share a mutual love of animals. In June 2016, Sia gave a concert at Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Colorado, featuring Ziegler. From May to August, Sia performed in nearly a dozen festival and other concerts in America and European and Middle Eastern countries, including Portugal,


texts: Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Hungary, Romania, Poland, the United Kingdom, Russia, Lebanon and Israel. In September 2016, she released a single, "The Greatest", with vocals from American hip hop recording artist Kendrick Lamar. A video was released the same day featuring Ziegler – the dancer's fifth video collaboration with <mask> and Heffington. The two performed the song with several other dancers, and also performed "Chandelier", live the next day at the Apple annual fall event, drawing media attention. The videos that Sia has posted to her YouTube channel have accumulated a total of more than 9 billion views, and the channel has more than 17 million subscribers.<mask> gave her Nostalgic for the Present Tour in North America from September to November 2016, featuring Ziegler. As at Coachella and subsequent live performances, Sia appeared at the back of the stage with her familiar wig covering her face, while her dancers performed Heffington's choreography synchronized with prerecorded videos played on big screens. The tour received a warm reaction: "She let her dancers own center stage, carrying out one skit/performance after another as Sia delivered the soundtrack. ... It defied all the regular rules of pop concerts, which are usually designed to focus every ounce of the audience's attention on the star of the show. Yet, Sia's bold gamble paid off, resulting in one of the most daringly original and wholly satisfying shows of 2016." Ed Masley of The Arizona Republic described the show as "part performance art, part interpretive dance.... [Sia] sounded amazing. ... There's so much raw emotion in her songs. And you can definitely hear that in her voice, but it becomes more visceral when you can also read it in the faces of her dancers, especially Ziegler. ... The entire performance was brilliantly staged, with one song flowing seamlessly into another". Sia released the deluxe edition of This Is Acting in October 2016, which


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 includes three new tracks, a remix version of "Move Your Body" and a solo version of "The Greatest".She was nominated for three 2017 Grammy Awards. Sia co-wrote and performed on a platinum-selling single, "Dusk Till Dawn", by Zayn. Sia performed in concert at the close of the Dubai World Cup in March 2017, together with her dancers, led by Ziegler. They gave a second leg of the Nostalgic for the Present Tour, her first stadium tour in Australasia, in late 2017. 2017–present: Everyday Is Christmas, LSD and Music
In 2017, Sia moved from RCA to Atlantic Records. She released a new album, Everyday Is Christmas, on Atlantic and Monkey Puzzle in November 2017. The album features original songs co-written and co-produced with Kurstin.She promoted it by releasing the single "Santa's Coming for Us" and the track "Snowman", which she performed during the finale of the 13th season of The Voice and on The Ellen DeGeneres Show together with Maddie Ziegler. In November 2018, Sia released the deluxe edition of the album, containing three bonus tracks, as a Target exclusive. In 2018, Sia collaborated with English musician Labrinth and American DJ/record producer Diplo, under the name LSD, to release four songs, which were then released as an EP called Mountains on Spotify. The group released an album, Labrinth, Sia & Diplo Present... LSD, in April 2019, containing the same four songs, five new songs and a previously released remix of their track "Genius" with Lil Wayne. Also in 2018, Sia was one of the narrators of Australian animal rights documentary Dominion, and shared in a 2018 Award of Excellence from the Hollywood International Independent Documentary Awards. Sia's ninth album, Music – Songs from and Inspired by the Motion Picture, was released in February 2021 in connection with the release of her film, Music. Sia also plans to release her tenth album, Reasonable Woman, in 2021.The film Music was released in Australia on 14 January


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 2021 and in select IMAX theatres in the US for one night on 10 February 2021, followed by an on-demand release on 12 February 2021. It received negative reviews from critics and generated controversy for its depiction of autism. It was nominated for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy but won the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Director for Sia. Artistry and musical style
At the start of her career, with the bands Crisp and Jamiroquai, Sia performed acid jazz in Australia and later in London. With her first solo single, "Taken for Granted", she experimented with trip hop. When she joined Zero 7, she sang downtempo numbers. With Colour the Small One (2004) and Some People Have Real Problems (2007) she moved into jazz and folktronica, although the album's biggest hit, "Breathe Me", is described as alternative rock and a power ballad.Some People Have Real Problems expanded her connection with indie pop. Sia stated, "Colour the Small One ... couldn't be more derivative of Kings of Convenience and James Taylor and the things that Zero 7 were playing on the [tour] bus. I'm very easily influenced." In 2009, after leaving Zero 7, Sia dedicated herself entirely to her solo career. We Are Born (2010), incorporated various pop styles, including synthpop and R&B, with introspective themes accompanied by more insistent and livelier rhythms. 1000 Forms of Fear (2014) consolidated her connection with pop (with traces of electropop, reggae and hip-hop), while This Is Acting (2016) is mostly composed of songs written by Sia with other female pop artists in mind, but the artists did not include the songs on their albums. Sia described songwriting for others as "play-acting."The Guardians Kitty Empire commented that the latter album "provides an obvious counterpoint to Sia's more personal album of 2014, 1000 Forms of Fear, whose stonking single, "Chandelier", tackled her intoxicated past. This Is Acting makes plain the fact of manufacture –


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 a process akin to bespoke tailoring." The record also alternates reggae and electropop with more introspective themes. In her 2016 live performances, Sia's music was part of performance-art-like shows that involved dance and theatrical effects. An MTV News writer opined that "Sia's throaty, slurred vocals are her norm", while a contributor to The Fader noted that "in the Billboard Hot 100 landscape, Sia's songwriting voice, which deals with depression and addiction, is singular—her actual voice even more so." Everyday Is Christmas (2017), Sia's first release of Christmas music, is a pop album that gives old-fashioned holiday music "some 21st century pop gloss" and is made for those who grow tired of the classics. Music – Songs from and Inspired by the Motion Picture (2021) further developed Sia's pop music catalogue, with the album incorporating more electropop and reggae, alongside R&B and EDM.National Public Radio called Sia "the 21st century's most resilient songwriter". Accolades

Sia has received an array of accolades, including ARIA Awards, an MTV Video Music Award and nine nominations for Grammy Awards. Other ventures
Sia lent her voice to the show South Park in its eighteenth season. In episode 3 entitled "The Cissy", she portrayed Lorde in a parody song in the episode entitled "Push (Feeling Good on a Wednesday)". In 2016 Sia covered "Blackbird" by The Beatles for the Netflix original series Beat Bugs. She appeared in the 2017 animated film My Little Pony: The Movie as the voice of pop star Songbird Serenade. She also contributed an original song, "Rainbow", to the film's soundtrack.Sia wrote the songs for the soundtrack to the 2018 musical film Vox Lux, with a score by Scott Walker. She wrote a screenplay, based on a story that she had written in 2007, for the 2021 musical film, Music, which stars Ziegler, Kate Hudson and Leslie Odom Jr. Sia also directed the film and wrote its soundtrack. The film was nominated for


texts:
 Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy at the 78th Golden Globe Awards. Personal life

Relationships and family
Following the disbandment of Crisp in 1997, Sia moved to London to follow her relationship with boyfriend Dan Pontifex. Several weeks later, while on a stopover in Thailand, she received the news that Pontifex had died after being in a car accident in London. She returned to Australia, but received a call from one of Pontifex's former housemates, who invited her to stay in London. Her 2001 album Healing Is Difficult lyrically deals with Pontifex's death: "I was pretty fucked up after Dan died.I couldn't really feel anything." <mask> recalled the effect of his death in a 2007 interview for The Sunday Times: "We were all devastated, so we got shit-faced on drugs and Special Brew. Unfortunately, that bender lasted six years for me." Sia married documentary filmmaker Erik Anders Lang at her home in Palm Springs, California, in August 2014. The couple revealed their separation in December 2016. During a 2014 appearance on The Howard Stern Show, Sia was asked if she was religious, to which she responded, "I believe in a Higher Power and it's called 'Whatever Dude' and he's a queer, surfing Santa that's a bit like my grandpa, so yes." In the same interview, she stated that she is a feminist and that Whatever Dude divinely inspired the lyrics she wrote for Rihanna's song "Diamonds".One of Sia's tattoos on her hand reads "Whatever Dude". Sia is a cousin of Australian Christian rock musician Peter Furler. In 2019, Sia adopted two boys who were aging out of the foster care system. In 2020, Sia announced that she had become a grandmother when one of her two 19-year-old sons had fathered twins. Sexuality

In 2008, Sia discussed her sexual orientation in interviews and revealed her relationship with JD Samson; they broke up in 2011. When asked about her sexuality in 2009, she said, "I've always dated boys and girls and anything


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 in between. I don't care what gender you are, it's about people.... I've always been... well, flexible is the word I would use." Sia identified as queer on Twitter in 2013. Mental health and substance use
Sia has suffered from depression, addictions to painkillers and alcohol. In 2010, she wrote a suicide note, planning to overdose. A friend phoned her and, unintentionally, saved her life. Following this, Sia joined Alcoholics Anonymous.Sia cancelled various promotional events and shows due to her poor health in 2010. She cited extreme lethargy and panic attacks and considered retiring permanently from performing and touring. She stated that she had been diagnosed with Graves' disease. Later that year, Sia said her health was improving after rest and thyroid hormone replacement therapy. In 2019, Sia stated that she suffers from Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, and in 2020, she stated that she has been diagnosed with complex post-traumatic stress disorder, stemming from childhood traumas, including being sexually abused at the age of nine. In January 2022, Sia stated that following the negative criticism of her film Music she had suicidal thoughts, relapsed and subsequently sought treatment at a rehab facility. Animal activism
Sia "has long been an advocate for animals".She has participated in campaigns to protest against large-scale pet breeding and encourage people to spay or neuter their pets. She performed her song "I'm in Here" at the Beagle Freedom Project Gala, in 2013, and wrote the song "Free the Animal" for public service announcements supporting "cruelty-free ... fashion" in 2015. For her 2016 Nostalgic for the Present Tour, Sia partnered with various rescue organisations to conduct a dog adoption fair at each of her concerts. In 2017, she released another public service announcement to encourage pet adoption. She is a narrator of the animal rights documentary Dominion. Beat artists
RCA Records artists
Trip hop


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<mask>'s Fables. Although his existence remains unclear and no writings by him survive, numerous tales credited to him were gathered across the centuries and in many languages in a storytelling tradition that continues to this day. Many of the tales associated with him are characterized by anthropomorphic animal characters. Scattered details of <mask>'s life can be found in ancient sources, including Aristotle, Herodotus, and Plutarch. An ancient literary work called The Aesop Romance tells an episodic, probably highly fictional version of his life, including the traditional description of him as a strikingly ugly slave () who by his cleverness acquires freedom and becomes an adviser to kings and city-states. Older spellings of his name have included Esop(e) and Isope. Depictions of <mask> in popular culture over the last 2,500 years have included many works of art and his appearance as a character in numerous books, films, plays, and television programs.Life

The earliest Greek sources, including Aristotle, indicate that <mask> was born around 620 BCE in the Greek colony of Mesembria. A number of later writers from the Roman imperial period (including Phaedrus, who adapted the fables into Latin) say that he was born in Phrygia. The 3rd-century poet Callimachus called him "<mask> of Sardis," and the later writer Maximus of Tyre called him "the sage of Lydia." From Aristotle and Herodotus we learn that <mask> was a slave in Samos and that his masters were first a man named Xanthus and then a man named Iadmon;

masks: Aesopesop Aesop Aesop Aesop Aesop Aesop


texts: that he must eventually have been freed, because he argued as an advocate for a wealthy Samian; and that he met his end in the city of Delphi. Plutarch tells us that <mask> had come to Delphi on a diplomatic mission from King Croesus of Lydia, that he insulted the Delphians, was sentenced to death on a trumped-up charge of temple theft, and was thrown from a cliff (after which the Delphians suffered pestilence and famine). Before this fatal episode, <mask> met with Periander of Corinth, where Plutarch has him dining with the Seven Sages of Greece, sitting beside his friend Solon, whom he had met in Sardis. (Leslie Kurke suggests that <mask> himself "was a popular contender for inclusion" in the list of Seven Sages.)Problems of chronological reconciliation dating the death of <mask> and the reign of Croesus led the Aesop scholar (and compiler of the Perry Index) Ben Edwin Perry in 1965 to conclude that "everything in the ancient testimony about <mask> that pertains to his associations with either Croesus or with any of the so-called Seven Wise Men of Greece must be reckoned as literary fiction," and Perry likewise dismissed <mask>'s death in Delphi as legendary; but subsequent research has established that a possible diplomatic mission for Croesus and a visit to Periander "are consistent with the year of <mask>'s death." Still problematic is the story by Phaedrus which has <mask> in Athens, telling the fable of the frogs who asked for a king, during the reign of Peisistratos, which occurred decades after the

masks: Aesop Aesop Aesop Aesop Aesop Aesop Aesop Aesop


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 presumed date of <mask>'s death. The Aesop Romance
Along with the scattered references in the ancient sources regarding the life and death of <mask>, there is a highly fictional biography now commonly called The Aesop Romance (also known as the Vita or The Life of Aesop or The Book of Xanthus the Philosopher and Aesop His Slave), "an anonymous work of Greek popular literature composed around the second century of our era ... Like The Alexander Romance, The Aesop Romance became a folkbook, a work that belonged to no one, and the occasional writer felt free to modify as it might suit him." Multiple, sometimes contradictory, versions of this work exist. The earliest known version was probably composed in the 1st century CE, but the story may have circulated in different versions for centuries before it was committed to writing, and certain elements can be shown to originate in the 4th century BCE. Scholars long dismissed any historical or biographical validity in The Aesop Romance; widespread study of the work began only toward the end of the 20th century. In The Aesop Romance, Aesop is a slave of Phrygian origin on the island of Samos, and extremely ugly.At first he lacks the power of speech, but after showing kindness to a priestess of Isis, is granted by the goddess not only speech but a gift for clever storytelling, which he uses alternately to assist and confound his master, Xanthus, embarrassing the philosopher in front of his students and even sleeping with his wife. After interpreting a portent for the

masks: Aesop Aesop


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 people of Samos, <mask> is given his freedom and acts as an emissary between the Samians and King Croesus. Later he travels to the courts of Lycurgus of Babylon and Nectanabo of Egypt – both imaginary rulers – in a section that appears to borrow heavily from the romance of Ahiqar. The story ends with <mask>'s journey to Delphi, where he angers the citizens by telling insulting fables, is sentenced to death and, after cursing the people of Delphi, is forced to jump to his death. Fabulist

<mask> may not have written his fables. The Aesop Romance claims that he wrote them down and deposited them in the library of Croesus; Herodotus calls <mask> a "writer of fables" and Aristophanes speaks of "reading" <mask>, but that might simply have been a compilation of fables ascribed to him. Various Classical authors name <mask> as the originator  of fables.Sophocles, in a poem addressed to Euripides, made reference to the North Wind and the Sun. Socrates while in prison turned some of the fables into verse, of which Diogenes Laërtius records a small fragment. The early Roman playwright and poet Ennius also rendered at least one of <mask>'s fables in Latin verse, of which the last two lines still exist. Collections of what are claimed to be <mask>'s Fables were transmitted by a series of authors writing in both Greek and Latin. Demetrius of Phalerum made what may have been the earliest, probably in prose (), contained in ten books for the use of orators, although that has since been lost. Next appeared an edition in elegiac


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 verse, cited by the Suda, but the author's name is unknown. Phaedrus, a freedman of Augustus, rendered the fables into Latin in the 1st century CE.At about the same time Babrius turned the fables into Greek choliambics. A 3rd-century author, Titianus, is said to have rendered the fables into prose in a work now lost. Avianus (of uncertain date, perhaps the 4th century) translated 42 of the fables into Latin elegiacs. The 4th-century grammarian Dositheus Magister also made a collection of <mask>'s Fables, now lost. <mask>'s Fables continued to be revised and translated through the ensuing centuries, with the addition of material from other cultures, so that the body of fables known today bears little relation to those <mask> originally told. With a surge in scholarly interest beginning toward the end of the 20th century, some attempt has been made to determine the nature and content of the very earliest fables which may be most closely linked to the historic Aesop. Physical appearance and the question of African origin
The anonymously authored Aesop Romance begins with a vivid description of <mask> when half-asleep."The earliest text by a known author that refers to <mask>'s appearance is Himerius in the 4th century, who says that <mask> "was laughed at and made fun of, not because of some of his tales but on account of his looks and the sound of his voice." The evidence from both of these sources is dubious, since Himerius lived some 800 years after <mask> and his image of <mask> may have come from The Aesop

masks: Aesop Aesop Aesop Aesopheus Aesop Aesop Aesop Aesop