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 was able to recover in time to open her WTA season at the Australian Open. A year after her breakthrough, she reached the fourth round and was again defeated by world No. 2, Victoria Azarenka, for the second consecutive year. Her next successful tournament came in March at the Indian Wells Open. Here, <mask> upset No. 13 Ana Ivanovic in the third round and went on to reach her first quarterfinal at a Premier Mandatory event.<mask> returned to the United States Fed Cup team in April for their home playoff tie against France. She played two singles matches and the decisive doubles rubber. After losing to an up-and-coming Caroline Garcia and picking up a win against Virginie Razzano, <mask> and her partner Madison Keys lost to the two of them in the final doubles match to relegate the United States into World Group II the following year. Once again, <mask> did not have a good clay-court season, winning multiple matches in just two out of six tournaments. Nonetheless, her best result of the season came at the French Open, where she lost to No. 4 Simona Halep in the fourth round. In the grass-court season, <mask> was seeded 18th at Wimbledon, but suffered a first round loss to world No.109, Maria Kirilenko. This loss snapped her streak of reaching the second week of every major since a third-round loss at the 2012 US Open. <mask> did not do well at the US Open either, losing in the second round to world No. 96, Johanna Larsson, while committing 63 unforced errors. After playing in one more tournament in September, she ended her season early to recover from a wrist injury. By the end of the year, she fell to No. 37 in the world.2015: First WTA title

<mask> returned from injury to start the season at the


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texts: Auckland Open and the Hobart International, but lost in the second round at both tournaments. She entered the Australian Open unseeded and faced a difficult draw against Victoria Azarenka in the first round. Azarenka eliminated <mask> for the third consecutive year. Her first two successful tournaments of the year came at the Premier Mandatory events in March. She reached the fourth round at Indian Wells, where she lost a three-set match to world No. 1, Serena Williams, who was returning from her long boycott of the tournament. <mask> then improved on that result with a quarterfinal appearance at the Miami Open, which included a win over rival Madison Keys in their first encounter.Despite these good results, <mask> got off to a slow start in the clay-court season. She did not return to form until late May when she reached her second semifinal at Strasbourg. Having struggled at the last three Grand Slam events, <mask> managed to upset world No. 15, Venus Williams, in the first round of the French Open in their first ever meeting. Serena then defeated her in the fourth round, which turned out to be <mask>'s best Grand Slam tournament result of the year. In her only grass-court tune-up, <mask> made it to the semifinals at the Eastbourne International. She notably defeated world No.9, Carla Suárez Navarro, in the second round for her first top-ten victory in almost two years. <mask> closed the European season with a third-round appearance at Wimbledon. <mask> did not play again until the Washington Open in August. She won the tournament without dropping a set for her first career WTA title. She defeated No. 21 Sam Stosur in the semifinals and won the final against Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova while only

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 dropping three games. The title brought <mask> back into the top 30.At the US Open, she was seeded at a Grand Slam tournament for the first time that year but lost in the first round to compatriot CoCo Vandeweghe. She maintained a steady ranking all year, dropping no lower than No. 45 while rising no higher than No. 28, finishing the season at No. 30 in the world. 2016: Three WTA titles, foot injury
In the off-season, <mask> hired Kamau Murray to be her new coach. Their partnership proved successful immediately.At the Auckland Open, <mask> won her first tournament with the two of them together. Due to a rain suspension, she was forced to play the end of her semifinal match against No. 17, Caroline Wozniacki, as well as the entire final against Julia Görges on the same day to claim the title. <mask> would win two more WTA titles during the season. Her second title of the year also came on hardcourt at the Mexican Open. Her third and last title of the year came on clay at the higher-level Charleston Open, a low-level Premier event. During the semifinals of this tournament, she defeated No.2 Angelique Kerber, who needed to retire in the second set due to an illness. Part of her prize in Charleston included a car from the title sponsor Volvo, which <mask> was unaware of until after the tournament. In contrast to previous years where <mask> struggled at smaller tournaments while still doing well at bigger tournaments, she struggled at the Grand Slam tournaments and high-level Premier events in 2016. Her best Grand Slam tournament results of the year came at the French Open and Wimbledon, where she reached the third round at both events. She also lost in the first round of the Australian Open for the second

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 consecutive year, this time to a qualifier. Her last tournament of the year was the 2016 Rio Olympics, which ended with a first round loss to Eugenie Bouchard. After the Olympics, <mask> revealed she had been hindered by a left foot injury for most of the year, for which doctors recommended time off to recover.She finally did end her season upon being diagnosed with a stress fracture. Although she was initially expected to only miss several months, it was later discovered that she would need surgery that would keep her out for the first half of 2017 as well. At the time of her last WTA event of the year at the end of July, <mask> was ranked No. 22 in the world. 2017: Comeback, US Open title, year-end struggles
She had foot surgery in January and could not walk again without a boot until the middle of April. While unable to play on the tour, <mask> was granted the opportunity to be a broadcaster for the Tennis Channel. She attended several WTA events in the United States including Indian Wells, the Miami, and Charleston, where she interviewed fellow tennis players and also provided analysis.<mask> returned to the WTA Tour in July for Wimbledon, about eleven months after her last match and with her ranking having dropped to No. 336. She lost her first two matches back, one to compatriot Alison Riske at Wimbledon, and the other to No. 2, Simona Halep, at the Washington Open. However, she showed some signs of improvement by reaching the doubles final at Washington with Eugenie Bouchard. By August, <mask>'s ranking had continued to fall to as low as No. 957.But she was able to reach the semifinals of both Premier 5 tournaments that month, the Canadian Open and the Cincinnati Open. During each tournament, she

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texts: defeated four top 50 players including Lucie Šafářová and 14th-seed Petra Kvitová at both events, and also No. 3 Angelique Kerber. <mask> was defeated by a top ten player in both semifinals, No. 6 Caroline Wozniacki in Canada, and No. 2 Halep again in Cincinnati. <mask> had entered the month having never reached a semifinal at a high-level Premier tournament.With these results, <mask> climbed back into the top 100 of the WTA rankings. <mask> entered the US Open at No. 83 in the world, and still needed to use a protected ranking to be accepted into the main draw due to the entry deadline being over a month before the event. Her first upset of the tournament came in the second round over No. 10 Dominika Cibulková. In the fourth round, she defeated No. 33 Julia Görges to advance to her first US Open quarterfinal and her first major quarterfinal since Wimbledon in 2013.She then defeated No. 17 Anastasija Sevastova to set up the first all-American semifinals at a major since Wimbledon in 1985, and the first at the US Open since 1981. Her semifinal was against No. 9 Venus Williams. After two lopsided split sets, <mask> won a tight third set to reach her first Grand Slam singles final. Madison Keys won the other semifinal against CoCo Vandeweghe. <mask> closed out the tournament by defeating Keys in straight sets to win her first Grand Slam tournament title.She became the first American woman other than the Williams sisters to win a major title since Jennifer Capriati won the Australian Open in 2002 and the first to win the US Open since Lindsay Davenport in 1998. She also became the lowest-ranked US Open champion ever, and the fifth-lowest at any Grand Slam tournament. After the US Open, <mask> did not win

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 another match the rest of the season. This stretch notably included two matches at the year-end Elite Trophy as well as two singles rubbers in the Fed Cup final against Belarus. Nonetheless, the United States won the tie 3–2 to give <mask> her first Fed Cup crown. This was the first title for the United States since 2000. <mask> finished the season ranked No.13 and was named WTA Comeback Player of the Year. 2018: French Open finalist, WTA Finals runner-up, world No. 3
<mask> extended her losing streak to eight matches at the Australian Open. She dismissed concerns about her form from the media, saying, "Everything's good. Just relax, everybody. It'll be okay, don't worry." In the coming months, she would prove to be correct, first by snapping her losing streak at her next tournament in Acapulco.In March, <mask> returned to form and won the Miami Open, her first Premier Mandatory title. She defeated three top-ten players at the event, including No. 3 Garbiñe Muguruza, and No. 10 Angelique Kerber in the fourth round and quarterfinals, and No. 5 Jeļena Ostapenko in the final. With this performance, she also cracked the top 10 for the first time. Despite winning the second biggest title of her career, <mask> was unable to make the quarterfinals in any of her French Open preparation tournaments.The highlight of her clay-court season in the lead up to the French Open was the Fed Cup semifinals on the road against France, where she won both of her singles rubbers over Pauline Parmentier and Kristina Mladenovic to lead the United States to a 3–2 victory. <mask> entered the French Open having never reached the quarterfinals. However, she was able to produce her best result at the tournament, making it to the


texts: final. In the semifinals, <mask> won a rematch of the 2017 US Open final against Madison Keys, the first all-American semifinal there since 2002. Despite going up a set and a break, <mask> lost the final to world No. 1, Simona Halep, her first loss in a WTA singles final. Nonetheless, this run catapulted her to a career-high ranking of No.4 in the world, making her the first American woman other than the Williams sisters to be ranked in the top 5 in singles since Lindsay Davenport in 2006. <mask> did not carry any momentum into the grass-court season, losing at Wimbledon in the first round in her only event. Nonetheless, she moved up to No. 3 in the singles rankings after the tournament. With a higher seed, <mask> had a strong US Open series for the second consecutive year. She finished runner-up at the Canadian Open to Halep, her second high-level Premier final of the year. At the US Open, <mask> was unable to defend her title, losing to Anastasija Sevastova in the quarterfinals in a rematch of last year's meeting at this tournament in the same round.For the second straight year, <mask> began the Asian hardcourt season with multiple losses. However, unlike the previous year, <mask> was able to win two matches on the continent at the China Open. She then closed out the season by participating in her first WTA Finals in Singapore. In the round robin stage, <mask> swept her group of Naomi Osaka, Kiki Bertens, and Angelique Kerber to advance to the knockout stage. After a dismal start in the semifinals where she lost the first eight games of the match against Karolína Plíšková, she recovered and won the match in three sets. In her final match of the season, <mask> was able to win the first set against

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 Elina Svitolina, but ultimately lost the match. She finished the season ranked No.6 in the world, her best year-end ranking to date. 2019: Out of the top 20
<mask> struggled throughout the 2019 season. Although she remained in the top 10 for the majority of the year in large part due to ranking points she was defending from the previous year's WTA Finals, she could not match her best performances at the Grand Slam tournaments or other higher-level events. Two of her biggest improvements came at two Grand Slam events. <mask> reached the fourth round at the Australian Open, securing her first match wins at the tournament since 2014. She also reached the third round at Wimbledon, despite having lost her previous two opening round matches there. Her best Grand Slam performance was a quarterfinal loss to Johanna Konta at the French Open, where she could not defend her runner-up finish from the previous season.Konta also defeated her at Wimbledon. <mask> ended her Grand Slam season with an opening-round loss at the US Open to qualifier Anna Kalinskaya. Outside of the majors, <mask> best performance also came on clay at the Madrid Open, a Premier Mandatory event. During the tournament, she reached the semifinals, where she lost to No. 7 Kiki Bertens. Aside from this tournament and the French Open, the only other event where she reached the quarterfinals was the Charleston Open at the start of the clay court season. <mask> fell out of the top 10 shortly before the US Open, and again afterwards.She fell out of the top 20 upon losing her 2018 WTA Finals rankings points near the end of the season. 2020: Continued struggles with form
<mask> started her 2020 season at the Brisbane International. She lost in the


texts: first round to qualifier Liudmila Samsonova in three sets. At the first edition of the Adelaide International, she was defeated in the first round in straight sets by world No. 201, Arina Rodionova. This was her first loss to a player outside the top 200 since 2011. Seeded 24th at the Australian Open, she was eliminated in the first round by Zhang Shuai, despite serving for the match in the second set.As the top seed in Acapulco, <mask> was beaten in the first round by world No. 270, Renata Zarazúa. Seeded fifth at the Monterrey Open, she got her first victory of the year by beating compatriot, Emma Navarro, in the first round. She fell in the second round to Leylah Fernandez. After Monterrey, the WTA tour was suspended from the rest of March through July due to the COVID-19 pandemic. When the WTA Tour resumed tournament play in August, <mask> competed at the first edition of the Top Seed Open. Seeded seventh, she lost in the first round to qualifier Leylah Fernandez.At the Cincinnati Open, she was defeated in the first round by Caroline Garcia. This loss brought her record for the year to 1-7. She showed an improvement in form at the US Open. Seeded 26th, she won her opening two matches in straight sets before losing in the third round to third seed and six-time champion Serena Williams. This match garnered a lot of praise from tennis experts. After the US Open, <mask> competed at the Italian Open. She was eliminated in the first round by ninth seed Garbiñe Muguruza.Seeded eighth in Strasbourg, she was beaten in the first round by Nao Hibino. Seeded 29th at the French Open, she lost in the second round to Paula Badosa. <mask> ended the year with a 4–11 record and ranked 39. 2021: French Open fourth

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 round, out of top 60
<mask> started her season at the first edition of the Grampians Trophy. She lost in the first round to Leylah Fernandez. At the Australian Open, she was defeated in the first round by 26th seed Yulia Putintseva. Seeded ninth at the first edition of the Phillip Island Trophy, she suffered a first round upset at the hands of Varvara Gracheva.<mask> losing streak continued at the Monterrey Open. As the top seed, she was eliminated in the first round by lucky loser Kristína Kučová. In Miami, she earned her first win of the season by defeating qualifier Océane Dodin in the first round. She was beaten in her second-round match by 28th seed and compatriot, Amanda Anisimova. <mask> began her clay-court season at the Charleston Open. She upset eighth seed and 2019 champion, Madison Keys, in the second round. She ended up losing in the quarterfinals to 15th seed and eventual champion, Veronika Kudermetova.In Madrid, she was defeated in the second round by Ons Jabeur. At the Italian Open, she fell in the final round of qualifying to Tamara Zidanšek. However, she got a lucky loser spot into the main draw. She was eliminated in the first round by Madison Keys in three sets. At the first edition of the Emilia-Romagna Open, she reached the semifinals where she was beaten by sixth seed Wang Qiang. At the French Open, she stunned ninth seed Karolína Plíšková in the second round. She lost in her fourth-round match to eventual champion Barbora Krejčíková.Competing at Wimbledon, <mask> upset tenth seed and two-time champion, Petra Kvitová, in the first round. She was defeated in the third round by up-and-coming wildcard Liudmila Samsonova. In August, <mask> played at the Silicon Valley Classic. She was


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 eliminated in the second round by compatriot, seventh seed, and eventual champion, Danielle Collins. In Montreal, she was beaten in the second round by top seed Aryna Sabalenka. At the Cincinnati Open, she lost in the first round to qualifier Caroline Garcia. At the US Open, she won a tight three-set first-round match over 2017 finalist Madison Keys.She was defeated in the third round by 16th seed and 2016 champion, Angelique Kerber. At the first edition of the Chicago Fall Classic, <mask> was eliminated in the first round by 13th seed Tamara Zidanšek. In Indian Wells, she was beaten in the second round by 19th seed and compatriot, Jessica Pegula. In November, she played for the U.S. team at the Billie Jean King Cup Finals. In the first tie, Slovakia beat the USA 2–1. She beat Nuria Párrizas Díaz during the tie against Spain. The USA won the tie over Spain 2-1 to advance to the semifinals.In the semifinals tie against Russia, she lost her match to Liudmila Samsonova. In the end, Russia beat the USA 2–1 to advance to the final. <mask> ended the year ranked 64. 2022: First title since 2018
At the 2022 Australian Open, <mask> lost in the first round to Emma Raducanu. She won her following tournament and secured her 7th title at the Abierto Zapopan. World TeamTennis
<mask> has played five seasons with World TeamTennis starting in 2009 when she debuted in the league with the New York Buzz, followed by a season with the Washington Kastles in 2014, the Philadelphia Freedoms in 2017 and 2018, and the New York Empire in 2019. It was announced that she will joining the Chicago Smash for their debut season, during the 2020 WTT season set to begin July 12 at The Greenbrier.<mask>

<mask> vs. <mask>'s biggest

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 rivalry is with her close friend and compatriot Madison Keys. Keys has said, "<mask> and I, since we were 12 and 14, have constantly been compared to each other." Both players have been ranked in the top 10 by the WTA. They have also both been labelled as leaders of the next generation of American women's tennis.In spite of their rivalry, the two have looked forward to their matchups, with <mask> saying, "Every time I get to play Maddy is great. Another opportunity for the both of us." Keys has said, "I always want to see <mask> do well. I'd love for both of us to be able to be in the position to play each other multiple times. ... I'm always cheering for her." <mask> has a 5-2 record against Madison Keys, winning their first three matches in straight sets.After their first meeting in the second round of the 2015 Miami Open, their next two encounters were both two of the most important matches of their careers. In 2017, <mask> defeated Keys in the final of the US Open to win her first major title. She then won their next meeting in the semifinals of the 2018 French Open to reach her second Grand Slam singles final. Keys defeated <mask> for the first time in the quarterfinals of the 2019 Charleston Open. <mask> avenged her Charleston Open defeat in 2021, beating Keys in straight sets in the 2nd round. But Keys prevailed at the 2021 Italian Open a month later. They played for a third time in 2021 at the US Open and <mask> prevailed in a third set tiebreak.<mask> vs. Serena Williams
<mask> had frequently been regarded as a potential successor to Serena Williams to become the next top American women's tennis player, if not the best in the world. She grew up as a fan of the Williams sisters, but had lost

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 some of her interest in them after they did not sign autographs at a Fed Cup tie that <mask> attended at age 12. She considered them to be friends when she was starting out on the pro tour, but described Serena as simply a colleague in early 2015. Her relationship with Serena became strained after their match at the 2013 Australian Open. After <mask>'s victory against her at the tournament, Serena commented, "I made you," in a tweet believed to be directed at <mask> and did not speak to her younger compatriot until at least May. Nonetheless, <mask> has said the two of them still had a good relationship. <mask> has a 1–6 record against Serena Williams, with three of their matches coming in 2013, other three in 2015 and one in 2020.Her only victory against Serena came at the 2013 Australian Open when she was still relatively unknown as a 19-year-old. The match win and her run into a Grand Slam singles semifinal garnered international attention and put her on the cusp of cracking the top 10 of the WTA rankings later in the season. With Serena entering the match in excellent form and also having defeated her much younger opponent earlier that month, <mask> was listed as high as a 16-to-1 underdog. All of their matches since have been contested at high-level Premier tournaments or Grand Slam tournaments. In 2015, <mask> won the first set of their encounters at the Indian Wells Open and the French Open, but ultimately lost in three sets in both instances. <mask> vs. Halep
<mask> and Halep have built a rivalry centered around their highest profile matches in 2018. Because Halep has dominated their matches, <mask> has downplayed their rivalry, saying, "It's not a rivalry if you don't beat the

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 person."International Tennis Hall of Famer Chris Evert has praised their rivalry, saying, "I liked [their match in the 2018 Canadian Open final] a lot, because that is a contrast in personalities and styles, in moods, in coaches. That is a definite contest." <mask> has a 2–7 record against Halep. Halep won their first encounter in 2012 at the Barcelona Ladies Open. <mask> then won their next two meetings in early 2013, including a first round match at the Australian Open as part of her breakthrough semifinal run at the event. Both of these wins came before Halep entered the top ten in 2014. Since then, Halep has won all six of their encounters.Their two biggest matches came in 2018, both of which were three set finals. In the first such match, the French Open final, Halep came from a set down to defeat <mask> for her first Grand Slam title. This was only the fourth time in the previous 47 Grand Slam singles finals where the winner of the first set was unable to win the match. Their next big match, the final at the Canadian Open, was ranked as the match of the year by the WTA. Halep won the first set of the match after saving four set points, two while serving at 6–5 and two more in the tiebreak. After <mask> was able to push the match to three sets Halep was able to regroup and win the match. Prior to these finals, <mask> had never lost a final on the WTA Tour.Playing style

<mask> is an all-court player, having reached the quarterfinals or better at all four majors. Her favorite surface is clay, on which she was a finalist at the French Open. However, most of her best results have come on hard courts, including her US Open and Miami Open titles, as well as six of her seven titles in total. She has


texts: never won a professional title on grass, and Wimbledon is the only Grand Slam event where she has not made it to at least the semifinals. <mask> often plays behind the baseline, relying on her athleticism to defend against her opponent's shots. She excels at countering powerfully-hit shots, and is capable of turning defense into offense. <mask>' game is commonly referred to as possessing "easy power" due to the seemingly casual nature in which she injects pace into her shots.She sometimes flattens out her shots, even on the run, and goes for stinging winners. <mask> has the ability to hit powerful winners as she takes large swings with her forehand. In contrast, she has a more compact swing with her two-handed backhand. She favors her forehand, and will run around her backhand at times to play her stronger groundstroke. <mask> excels in point construction, and varies patterns of hitting in order to confuse opponents. <mask> has an uncharacteristic style of play compared to her fellow top-ranked American contemporaries. Whereas the other leading Americans are some of the most aggressive players on the WTA Tour, <mask> has a more passive approach.According to the Aggression Score Metric, which measures a player's aggression based on how quickly they end points — either through a winner, an unforced error, or an opponent's forced error, <mask> has a score of 19.4% — which implies that 19.4% of her shots lead to one of those three outcomes. This score is average compared to other women's tennis players, and rates similarly to fellow Grand Slam tournament winners Justine Henin and Victoria Azarenka. In contrast, Venus Williams is amongst the top 20% of most aggressive players, while Serena Williams, Madison


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 Keys, and CoCo Vandeweghe are all in the top 10% with aggression scores above 25%. <mask> has been perceived as having a nonchalant attitude towards losing matches and striving to meet expectations. Her former junior coach Chris Evert has questioned her motivation on multiple occasions and attributed stretches of inconsistency at various times in her career to her mentality. On the contrary, <mask> has also shown the ability to use her mindset of not worrying about disappointing outcomes to bounce back from injury and poor tournaments. She demonstrated this type of mindset after her early 2014 US Open loss, saying, "I'm not gonna dwell on this.I'm just gonna keep improving and getting better and looking forward to the next tournaments." Coaches

When <mask> was just starting to play tennis at the Sierra Sport and Racquet Club, one of her first instructors was Francisco González, a retired professional tennis player once ranked in the top 50. Upon his recommendation, <mask> moved to Florida to train at an elite junior tennis academy. Although she started out at the Evert Tennis Academy for a year working with John and Chris Evert, she then moved to the Nick Saviano High Performance Tennis Academy, where she stayed for several years. Roger Smith began coaching <mask> in early 2009 and worked with her for several years. With Smith as her coach, she became a top-ranked junior with three Grand Slam tournament doubles titles and also cracked the top 100 of the WTA rankings. In June 2012, <mask> switched coaches to David Nainkin in order to try to qualify for the 2012 Olympics.Although her ranking was high enough to qualify, she narrowly missed out on that goal as she was the fifth-highest ranked American with


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 each country only being allotted at most four players in each draw. Nonetheless, under Nainkin, <mask> had her breakthrough tournament at the 2013 Australian Open and reached a career-best ranking of No. 11 in the world. She parted with him after the 2013 season in order to find a full-time coach. Nainkin had also been working with fellow American Sam Querrey that year. <mask> replaced him with Paul Annacone, who is better known for coaching two of the greatest players in tennis history in Pete Sampras and Roger Federer. She became the first woman to be coached by Annacone.Although the pair worked well together, <mask> split with Annacone in late 2014 after not matching the success from her previous year that season. <mask> briefly worked with Thomas Högstedt in late 2014. At the start of 2015, she returned to her longtime junior coach, Nick Saviano. While working with Saviano, <mask> won her first WTA title, but did not manage to ascend back up the WTA rankings. In the 2015 offseason, she replaced him with Kamau Murray. With Murray as her coach, <mask> established herself as one of the best players in women's tennis. She has since won five of her six titles, including three in 2016, her first major at the 2017 US Open, and her first Premier Mandatory title in 2018.She has also reached a new career-high ranking at No. 3 in the world. <mask> split with Murray during the 2018 offseason before reuniting with him in August 2019 shortly before the US Open. In Murray's absence, <mask> had worked with Sven Groeneveld for three months. She split with Murray in 2021 before the Miami Open and is working with ATP tennis player Darian King who is also her practice partner. Endorsements
<mask> is represented by GSE


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 Worldwide. Her clothing sponsor from 2010 was Under Armour and in early 2018 she signed with Nike.At the 2021 French Open, she wore a striking all-black outfit, despite the heat. <mask> uses Head rackets, specifically the Graphene XT Radical Pro model as of 2018. After her US Open victory, <mask> accrued several new sponsors, including Mercedes-Benz. She has  appeared in television advertisements for Built with Chocolate Milk, a campaign to encourage chocolate milk as a recovery drink. Her other health-related endorsements include doTerra, Precision Nutrition, and Colgate. doTerra is a company that primarily sells essential oils, while Precision Nutrition provides coaching for diet and exercise. With Colgate, <mask> is a part of their Bright Smiles, Bright Futures campaign that focuses on educating children about oral hygiene.<mask> has previously signed a deal with the American Express credit card company and was formerly an endorser of the Listerine mouthwash product. She was also a brand ambassador for USANA, a nutrition company. Moreover, <mask> has worked with Time Warner Cable as part of their Connect a Million Minds campaign to motivate the importance of education in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields. Personal life
<mask> credits her mother for supporting her career as a tennis player since she was very young. When she won the 2017 US Open, she recalled an instance at age 11 when her mother believed <mask> had high upside in spite of being told by an instructor at a junior tennis academy that she would be lucky to get a tennis scholarship to a Division II college. <mask> is of Trinidadian descent through her maternal grandfather Noel Smith, who came to the United States


texts: from Trinidad to pursue a career as a doctor. She has cited her grandfather as her hero and one of her biggest influences growing up.Her favorite player growing up was Kim Clijsters, who congratulated <mask> in person after her 2017 US Open title. She was also a fan of the Williams sisters and kept a poster of Serena in her bedroom as a kid. Although she disliked that they were uninterested in signing autographs at a match she attended and has also commented that neither of them tried to serve as one of her mentors, <mask> has stated she developed a good relationship with the Williams sisters. She also noted that she has read Serena's autobiography and respects her strong personality. <mask> has worked with Soles4Souls, a charity that collects new and used shoes to give to children in poverty. She also started the Sloane Stephens Foundation, which helps build tennis courts and set up after-school tennis programs for underserved students in conjunction with supplemental tutoring. The foundation is run by <mask>, her mother, and her uncle Ronald Smith.They have organized programs in Compton, Fresno, and Fort Lauderdale. <mask> is married to United States national soccer team player Jozy Altidore, who was also one of her childhood friends from living in Florida. She had previously dated fellow American tennis player Jack Sock for over a year. In late 2017, <mask> graduated from Indiana University East with a bachelor's degree in communications studies. She finished her degree while recovering from foot surgery earlier in the year. She credits her time away from playing tennis that was spent on her studies and her job with the Tennis Channel for improving her perspective on being a professional tennis


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 player. Career statistics

Grand Slam tournament finals

Singles: 2 (1 title, 1 runner-up)

WTA Championships finals

Singles: 1 (runner-up)

Singles performance timeline

References

External links

1993 births
Living people
African-American female tennis players
American female tennis players
American people of Trinidad and Tobago descent
Association footballers' wives and girlfriends
French Open junior champions
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in girls' doubles
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in women's singles
Hopman Cup competitors
Indiana University alumni
Olympic tennis players of the United States
People from Plantation, Florida
Sportspeople from Coral Springs, Florida
Sportspeople from Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Tennis people from Florida
Tennis players at the 2016 Summer Olympics
US Open (tennis) junior champions
US Open (tennis) champions
Wimbledon junior champions
21st-century African-American sportspeople
21st-century African-American


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<mask> (December 20, 1851 – May 3, 1926) was a leading Swedish economist of the Stockholm school. His economic contributions would influence both the Keynesian and Austrian schools of economic thought. He was married to the noted feminist Anna Bugge. Early life
<mask> was born in Stockholm on December 20, 1851. His father was a relatively successful businessman and real estate broker. He lost both his parents at a relatively early age. His mother died when he was only six, and his father died when he was fifteen.His father's considerable estate allowed him to enroll at the University of Uppsala in 1869 to study mathematics and physics. Education
He received his first degree in two years, and he engaged in graduate studies until 1885, when he received his doctorate in mathematics. In 1887, <mask> received a scholarship to study on the Continent, where he heard lectures by the economist Carl Menger in Vienna. In the following years, his interests began to shift toward the social sciences, particularly economics. Lecturer
As a lecturer at Uppsala, Wicksell attracted attention because of his opinions about labour. At one lecture, he condemned drunkenness and prostitution as alienating, degrading, and impoverishing. Although he was sometimes identified as a socialist, his solution to the problem was decidedly Malthusian in advocating birth control, which he would defend to the end of his life.His fiery ideas had attracted some attention, but his first work in economics, Value, Capital and Rent (1892), went largely unnoticed. In 1896, he published Studies in the theory of Public Finance and applied the ideas of marginalism to progressive taxation, public goods and other aspects of public policy, attracting considerably more interest. <mask> married Anna Bugge in 1887. Economics in Sweden at the time was taught as part of the law school, and <mask> was unable to gain a chair until he was

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Johan Gustaf Knut Wicksell
Wicksell
Wicksell
Wicksell
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 awarded a law degree. Accordingly, he returned to the University of Uppsala where he completed the usual four-year law degree course in two years, and he became an associate professor at that university in 1899. The next year, he became a full professor at Lund University, where he would undertake his most influential work. After giving a lecture in 1908 satirising the Virgin birth of Jesus, <mask> was deemed guilty of blasphemy and imprisoned for two months in 1910.Later life
In 1916, he retired from his post at Lund and took a position at Stockholm advising the government on financial and banking issues. In Stockholm, <mask> associated himself with other future great economists of the so-called "Stockholm School," such as Bertil Ohlin, Gunnar Myrdal and Erik Lindahl. He also taught a young Dag Hammarskjöld, the future Secretary-General of the United Nations. <mask> died in 1926 while he was writing a final work on the theory of interest. Work

Influences
<mask> was enamored with the theory of Léon Walras (the Lausanne school), Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk (the Austrian school), and David Ricardo, and sought a synthesis of the three theoretical visions of the economy. Wicksell's work on creating a synthetic economic theory earned him a reputation as an "economist's economist." For instance, although the marginal productivity theory – the idea that payments to factors of production equilibrate to their marginal productivity – had been laid out by others such as John Bates Clark, Wicksell presented a far simpler and more robust demonstration of the principle, and much of the present conception of that theory stems from Wicksell's model.<mask>'s (1898, 1906) theory of the "cumulative process" of inflation remains the first decisive swing at the idea of money as a "veil" as well as Say's law. Extending from Ricardo's investigation of income distribution, <mask> concluded that even a totally

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 unfettered economy was not destined to equalize wealth as a number of <mask>'s predecessors had predicted. Instead, Wicksell posited, wealth created by growth would be distributed to those who had wealth in the first place. From this, and from theories of marginalism, <mask> defended a place for government intervention to improve national welfare. <mask>'s most influential contribution was his theory of interest, originally published in German language as Geldzins und Güterpreise, in 1898.The English translation Interest and Prices became available in 1936; a literal translation of the original title would read Money Interest and Commodity Prices. <mask> invented the key term natural rate of interest and defined it at that interest rate which is compatible with a stable price level. If the interest rate falls short of the natural rate, inflation is likely to arise; if the interest rate exceeds the natural rate, this will tend to produce deflation. An interest rate that coincides with the natural rate ensures equilibrium in the commodity market and produces price level stability. This theory was adopted and expanded upon by the Austrian School, which theorized that an economic boom happened when (due to monetary expansions) the spot interest rate fell below the natural, unhampered money market rate. Cumulative process
This contribution, called the "cumulative process," implied that if the natural rate of interest was not equal to the interest rate on loans, investment demand and savings would differ. If the interest rate is beneath the natural rate, an economic expansion occurs, and prices, ceteris paribus, will rise.This gave an early theory of endogenous money – money created by the internal workings of the economy, rather than external factors, and various theories of endogenous money have since developed. <mask>'s theory of the "cumulative process" of inflation remains the first

masks: Wicksell Wicksell Wicksellicksell Wicksell Wicksell


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 decisive swing at the idea of money as a "veil". <mask>'s process has its roots in that of Henry Thornton. Recall that the start of the Quantity theory's mechanism is a helicopter drop of cash: an exogenous increase in the supply of money. <mask>'s theory claims, indeed, that increases in the supply of money leads to rises in price levels, but the original increase is endogenous, created by the relative conditions of the financial and real sectors. With the existence of credit money, Wicksell argued, two interest rates prevail: the "natural" rate and the "money" rate. The natural rate is the return on capital – or the real profit rate.It can be roughly considered to be equivalent to the marginal product of new capital. The money rate, in turn, is the loan rate, an entirely financial construction. Credit, then, is perceived quite appropriately as "money". Banks provide credit, after all, by creating deposits upon which borrowers can draw. Since deposits constitute part of real money balances, therefore the bank can, in essence, "create" money. Quantity theory of money
<mask>'s main thesis, that disequilibrium engendered by real changes leads endogenously to an increase in the demand for money – and, simultaneously, its supply as banks try to accommodate it perfectly. Given full employment (a constant Y) and payments structure (constant V), then in terms of the equation of exchange, MV = PY, a rise in M leads only to a rise in P. Thus, the story of the Quantity theory of money, the long-run relationship between money and inflation, is kept in Wicksell.Primarily, Say's law is violated and abandoned by the wayside. Namely, when real aggregate supply does constrain, inflation results because capital goods industries cannot meet new real demands for capital goods by entrepreneurs by increasing capacity. They may try but this would involve making higher bids in the factor market which

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 itself is supply-constrained – thus raising factor prices and hence the price of goods in general. In short, inflation is a real phenomenon brought about by a rise in real aggregate demand over and above real aggregate supply. Finally, for <mask> the endogenous creation of money, and how it leads to changes in the commodity market is fundamentally a breakdown of the Neoclassical tradition of a dichotomy between monetary and real sectors. Money is not a "veil" – agents do react to it and this is not due to some irrational "money illusion". However, we should remind ourselves that, for <mask>, in the long run, the Quantity Theory still holds: money is still neutral in the long run, although to do so, <mask> has broken the Neoclassical principles of dichotomy, money supply exogeneity and Say's law.Reception
Parts of <mask>'s ideas would be expanded upon by the Austrian school, which used it to form a theory of the business cycle based on central bank policy – changes in the level of money in the economy would shift the market rate of exchange in some way relative to the natural rate, and thus trigger a change in the relative proportion of the production of consumer goods to investment, which would ultimately result in an economic correction, or recession, in which the proportion of production of consumption goods to investment in the economy is pushed back towards the level that the natural rate of interest would result in. The cumulative process was the leading theory of the business cycle until John Maynard Keynes' The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. <mask>'s theory would be a strong influence in Keynes's ideas of growth and recession,
in Gunnar Myrdal's key concept Circular Cumulative Causation  and also in Joseph Schumpeter's "creative destruction" theory of the business cycle. <mask>'s main intellectual rival was the American economist Irving Fisher, who espoused


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 a more succinct explanation of the quantity theory of money, resting it almost exclusively on long run prices. <mask>'s theory was considerably more complicated, beginning with interest rates in a system of changes in the real economy. Although both economists concluded from their theories that at the heart of the business cycle (and economic crisis) was government monetary policy, their disagreement would not be solved in their lifetimes, and indeed, it was inherited by the policy debates between the Keynesians and monetarists beginning a half-century later. <mask> also expressed his views on many social issues and was often a critic of the status quo.He questioned the institutions of rank, marriage, the church, the monarchy, and the military. While <mask> fought for a more equal distribution of wealth and income, he saw himself primarily as an educator of the public. He desired to influence more than just the field of monetary economics. Legacy
Elements of his public policy were taken strongly to heart by the Swedish government, including his price-level targeting rule during the 1930s (Jonung 1979) and his vision of a welfare state. <mask>'s contributions to economics have been described by some economists, including historian-of-economics Mark Blaug, as fundamental to modern macroeconomics. Michael Woodford has especially praised Wicksell's advocacy of using the interest rate to maintain price stability, noting that it was a remarkable insight when most monetary policy was based on the gold standard (Woodford, 2003, p. 32). Woodford calls his own framework 'neo-Wicksellian', and he titled his textbook on monetary policy in homage to <mask>'s work.Economists influenced by Wicksell

 John Maynard Keynes
 Friedrich Hayek
 James M. Buchanan
 Dennis Robertson
 Gunnar Myrdal
 Ludwig von Mises
 Karl Gustav Cassel
 Erik Lindahl
 Eli Heckscher
 Bertil Ohlin
 Michael Woodford
 Don

masks: Wicksell Wicksell Wicksell Wicksell Wicksell


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 Patinkin
 Katsuhito Iwai
 Edward J. Nell
 Thomas M. Humphrey
  Ajaz Ahmad

Schools of thought influenced by Wicksell

 Austrian School
 Keynesian
 Monetarism
 Neoclassical economics
 Neo-Keynesian economics
 Public choice theory
 Stockholm School

Bibliography
 Interest and Prices (pdf), Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2007
 Value, Capital and Rent (pdf), Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2007
 Lectures on Political Economy (volume 1 and 2, pdf), Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2007

See also
 Benefit principle
 Wicksell effect
 Wicksell's theory of capital

References

Sources
 Boianovsky, Mauro; Erreygers, Guido (2005). "Social comptabilism and pure credit systems. Solvay and Wicksell on monetary reform", in : Fontaine, Philippe, Leonard, Robert, (ed. ), The experiment in the history of economics, London, Routledge. Carlson, Benny; Jonung, Lars (September 2006). "<mask> <mask>, Gustav Cassel, Eli Heckscher, Bertil Ohlin and Gunnar Myrdal on the Role of the Economist in Public Debate"
 Jonung, Lars (1979). "<mask> <mask>'s norm of price stabilization and Swedish monetary policy in the 1930s".Journal of Monetary Economics 5, pp. 45–496. Woodford, Michael (2003). Interest and Prices: Foundations of a Theory of Monetary Policy. Princeton University Press, . External links

 Axel Leijonhufvud, The Wicksell Connection http://www.econ.ucla.edu/workingpapers/wp165.pdf
  Wicksell and origins of modern monetary theory-Lars Pålsson Syll
 <mask> <mask>’s critique of market fundamentalism-Lars Pålsson Syll

1851 births
1926 deaths
People convicted of blasphemy
Writers from Stockholm
Swedish economists
Swedish prisoners and detainees
Uppsala University alumni
Monetary economists
Macroeconomists

Neoclassical economists
Financial economists
Interest rates
19th-century economists
20th-century economists
19th-century Swedish writers
19th-century male writers
20th-century Swedish writers
20th-century

masks: Knut Wicksell Knut Wicksell Knut Wicksell


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<mask>, also spelled <mask>, or <mask> (born 1957 Kandahar) is an Afghan businessman. He was the third of the six children and son of a prominent political figure, <mask> who was a member of the Afghan National Assembly during King Zahir Shah's time. <mask> is currently the Chairman and President of the AFCO International LLC. He is the elder brother of the former president of Afghanistan, <mask> and he is also the brother of <mask>, a politician in Afghanistan who served as Chairman of the Kandahar Provincial Council and was killed by his bodyguard in Afghanistan . Early life
In 1973, Mohammad Daoud Khan overthrew Abdul Ahad's first cousin His Majesty Mohammad Zahir Shah in coup d’état and declared himself as president of Afghanistan. Since Mahmood's father was a close aide of The King, Mohammad Daoud Khan removed many prominent members of the <mask> family from the government. Worrying about the safety of his family, Abdul Ahad advised his son to leave for America till the current political storm would calm down.Mahmood <mask> left for the United States in February 1976, where he attended Montgomery College in Maryland to pursue his education in computer science. During this time the communist government of Afghanistan seized all of Karzai Family's assets leaving them vulnerable. Soon after Mahmood decided that he would drop out of college to fully pursue his entrepreneurial ambitions. Entrepreneurial career

America
Mahmood was working two jobs from 1977 till 1983 and managed to save $60,000 which he invested in establishing a restaurant called "The Helmand" in Chicago in the year 1985. Seeing that there is a market opportunity for Afghan cuisine and the local's appetite to try new cuisines, 'The Helmand' was an instant success. After the initial success of 'The Helmand' restaurant, Mahmood decided to turn this new venture into a chain of restaurants. A couple of years after the opening of the first branch, Mahmood traveled to San Francisco.The second restaurant was also met with immense success and later in October

masks:
Mahmood Karzai
Mahmud Karzai
Mahmoud Karzai
Abdul Ahad Karzai
Mahmood Karzai
Hamid Karzai
Ahmed Wali Karzai
Karzai
Karzai


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 1994, Mahmood opened his final chain of 'The Helmand' restaurants in Cambridge Massachusetts. In the year 1996, Mahmood <mask> saw an upcoming trend of Mexican food becoming popular in America. Seeing this opportunity in the market, Mahmood <mask> opened his first Tex-Mex Grill called 'Viva Burrito' in Boston, MA. His final investment in the restaurant business was when he opened a Mexican restaurant in Maryland called 'Tampico Mexican Grill'. Afghanistan

After the fall of the Taliban, Mahmood travelled back and forth to Afghanistan frequently. Seeing the current business environment in Afghanistan, Mahmood decided to spend the majority of his time trying to rebuild his home country. Because of his constant and prolonged travel to Afghanistan, Mahmood had to sell his restaurant chains in the US and use the funds from the sale to start-up new businesses in Afghanistan.ACCI (Afghan Chamber of Commerce and Industries)

Mahmood noticed a lack of representation for the business community in Afghanistan. To address this issue, Mahmood started working on the formation of Afghanistan Chambers of Commerce & Industry (ACCI). The sole purpose of this organization was to forward the concerns of private investors, entrepreneurs, and other businesses, to the government and other relevant authorities to make the businesses thrive. Mahmood believed that for the chamber of commerce to function efficiently it had to be an independent entity based on memberships, election, and without the government's intervention. Therefore, Mahmood and a group of Afghan entrepreneurs proposed USAID and the Afghan government in [2003] to reestablish this organization under the name of Afghanistan Chamber of Commerce and Industries (ACCI). Which later became an independent organization, which promotes domestic production and trade in all provinces. Currently, ACCI has more than 65,000 business members, 255 business unions, and several associations and cooperatives.ACCI advocates for the interest of the business community and supports the free market

masks: Karzai Karzai


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 economy and free trade in Afghanistan. Kabul Bank
Mahmood Karzai was a shareholder in Kabul Bank, owning 20,548 shares, which represents 7.41% of the bank. Kabul Bank faced a big crisis in the year 2011 in which the Chairman and the CEO of the Bank were found to be involved in 'Ponzi Scheme'. The bank was bailed out from Collapsing in 2011 and was renamed as New Kabul Bank. All the shares of the bank were dissolved and it was nationalised soon after the bailout. Toyota dealership

In the year 2006, Mahmmod <mask> along with Habib Gulzar, another Afghan entrepreneur, opened the first official Toyota dealership in Afghanistan. Afghanistan's automotive sales industry primarily consisted of new or used cars imported either by individuals or small businesses.Spare parts and service for the local cars were carried out by untrained local mechanics who lack the tools to carry out proper maintenance and repairs of the vehicles. The business paved the way for other Afghan entrepreneurs to bring in motor dealerships and even though the Toyota dealership grew gradually, Mahmood <mask> sold his shares to his partner Habib Gulzar. Afghanistan investment company & purchase of "Ghori Cement"

Mahmood saw the cement industry of Afghanistan in disarray and inoperable. He planned on making Afghanistan's first and only cement production plant operational again so that it could help in the development of the country. As Mahmmod was an integral part of the Afghan Chamber of Commerce and Industries (ACCI), he informed all the businessmen about the importance of having a local cement production plant "Ghori Cement", and Mahmood tried to raise capital by appealing to those businessmen. Mahmmod succeeded in his effort and was able to raise $25 Million from the businessmen in ACCI. The funds were transferred into a newly formed company 'Afghanistan Investment Company' (AIC).Because the company was established with the help of some Afghan businessmen, a board of directors was created in which each of the shareholders had a seat. During the


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 initial meeting, the shareholders decided to elect Mahmood <mask> as the CEO of AIC. Mahmmod <mask> used the funds to invest in the factory to make it operational and to increase its production. After a couple of years of successfully leading AIC towards progress and profitability, Mahmood resigned as the CEO of 'AIC' to pursue his other goals. Ayno Maina
In the year 2003, Mahmood had the idea to build a city with all modern amenities including, sewer lines, clean water network, new electricity, and a communication system. These amenities also included paved roads, sidewalks, clinic/hospitals, schools, a university & public parks. Mahmood named this new real estate project "Ayno Maina.".Building a city with the size of Ayno Maina required a considerable amount of capital investment to start the planning and design phase of the town. Mahmood worked on a business plan in which he wrote where this new city will be built and how many apartments it will have and what facilities will it offer for its residents. Mahmood used his contacts at ACCI and his other friends to gather support to finance the first stage of this new development. One of the institutions to which Mahmood submitted his business plan was the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) which is the United States government's development finance institution. After reviewing the business plan and all the relevant documents attached with it, OPIC approved the finance of $3 Million to start the initial stage of building this new city. This capital would be used to draw a complete map of the town including the designs of the apartments and the rooms inside it, sewage system, clean water network, electricity distribution grid and many other necessities that are readily available in any well-developed country. Controversies and scandals

IRS (Internal Revenue Service)
In October 2010, the Washington Post reported that <mask> could soon be indicted for tax evasion in the U.S., by the Internal Revenue Service though he is aware of the investigation, telling the

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 newspaper: "I'm giving any charges", and insisting his only interest is "rebuilding Afghanistan."To date, no charges have been brought against Karzai. In 2011, investigative reporters reported that Karzai was under review by a U.S. grand jury for alleged racketeering, extortion and tax evasion. He reportedly hired a Washington, D.C.-based criminal defense attorney as a result of the grand jury investigation. Kabul Bank
Mahmood <mask> is closely tied to the Kabul Bank scandal and other controversies. As a 7% shareholder and being the elder brother of the ex-president Hamid <mask>, Mahmood's involvement drew criticism from everywhere. The Washington Post and other investigative newspapers reported about the Kabul Bank scandal and Mahmood <mask>'s role as shareholder of the bank. The newspaper also reported on the freezing of the Bank's assets in 2010.During the September 2010 run on the bank Mahmood <mask> reportedly told the Boston Globe that "America should do something." American citizenship
In 2013, <mask>, who has resided in Afghanistan since 2002, renounced his American citizenship to assume a bigger role in Afghan politics. The move was perceived as Mahmood expressing interest in running in the 2014 Presidential Election. Ghori Cement scandal

the Ghori Cement Factory, which investigative news reporters have found to have a host of troubling issues involving alleged corruption, cronyism, insider dealings involving the Kabul Bank scandal, unsafe working conditions and very low wages ($3 per day in 2010). Independent news reporters have raised serious questions about the link between Mahood <mask> and his elder brother, President Hamid <mask>, especially as they relate to the cement factory scandal and alleged questionable ties between Karzai family, and public, finances. References

Afghan bankers
Afghan businesspeople
Date of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Former United States citizens
Pashtun people
Mahmud
Hamid <mask>
Corruption in Afghanistan
21st-century Afghan people
21st-century

masks: Karzai Karzai Karzai Karzai Karzai Karzai Karzai Karzai


texts: <mask> or Herondas (Greek:  or  - the name is spelt differently in the few places where he is mentioned), was a Greek poet and the author of short humorous dramatic scenes in verse, probably written in Alexandria during the 3rd century BC. Apart from the intrinsic merit of these pieces, they are interesting in the history of Greek literature as being a new species, illustrating Alexandrian methods. They are called Mimiamboi (Greek: μιμίαμβοι, "Mime-iambics"), or mimes. Mimes were the Dorian product of South Italy and Sicily, and the most famous of them – from which Plato is said to have studied the drawing of character – were the work of Sophron. These were scenes in popular life, written in the language of the people, vigorous with sexual proverbs such as we get in other reflections of that region – in Petronius and the Pentamerone. Two of the best known and the most vital among the Idylls of Theocritus, the 2nd and the 15th, we know to have been derived from mimes of Sophron. What Theocritus is doing there, <mask>, his younger contemporary, is doing in another manner – casting old material into novel form, upon a small scale, under strict conditions of technique.The method is entirely Alexandrian: Sophron had written in a peculiar kind of rhythmical prose; Theocritus uses the hexameter and Doric, Herodas the scazon or "lame" iambic (with a dragging spondee at the end) and the old Ionic dialect with which that curious

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 metre was associated. That, however, hardly goes beyond the choice and form of words; the structure of the sentences is close-knit Attic. <mask> did not write his mimiambics in the contemporary Greek koine of his period. Rather, he affected a quaint style that imitated the Greek spoken in the 6th century BC. (Cunningham 14)

But the grumbling metre and quaint language suit the tone of common life that <mask> aims at realizing; for, as Theocritus may be called idealist, <mask> is an unflinching realist. His persons talk in vehement exclamations and emphatic turns of speech, with proverbs and fixed phrases; and occasionally, where it is designed as proper to the part, with the most naked coarseness of expression. The scene of the second and the fourth is laid at Cos, and the speaking characters in each are never more than three.Herodas' mimes

Mime I
In Mime I the old nurse, now the professional go-between or bawd, calls on Metriche, whose husband has been long away in Egypt, and endeavours to excite her interest in a most desirable young man, fallen deeply in love with her at first sight. After hearing all the arguments Metriche declines with dignity, but consoles the old woman with an ample glass of wine, this kind being always represented with the taste of Mrs Gamp. Mime II
This is a monologue by the  "whoremonger" prosecuting a merchant-trader for breaking into his establishment at night and attempting to carry off one

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 of the inmates, who is produced in court. The vulgar blackguard, who is a stranger to any sort of shame, remarking that he has no evidence to call, proceeds to a peroration in the regular oratorical style, appealing to the Coan judges not to be unworthy of their traditional glories. In fact, the whole oration is also a burlesque in every detail of an Attic speech at law; and in this case we have the material from which to estimate the excellence of the parody. Mime III
Metrotimé, a desperate mother, brings to the schoolmaster Lampriscos her truant son, Cottalos, with whom neither she nor his incapable old father can do anything. In a voluble stream of interminable sentences she narrates his misdeeds and implores the schoolmaster to flog him.The boy accordingly is hoisted on another's back and flogged; but his spirit does not appear to be subdued, and the mother resorts to the old man after all. Mime IV
This is a visit of two poor women with an offering to the temple of Asclepius at Cos. While the humble cock is being sacrificed, they turn, like the women in the Ion of Euripides, to admire the works of art; among them a small boy strangling a vulpanser – doubtless the work of Boethus that we know and a sacrificial procession by Apelles, "the Ephesian," of whom we have an interesting piece of contemporary eulogy. The oily sacristan is admirably painted in a few slight strokes. Mime V
The jealous woman accuses one of her


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 slaves, whom she has made her favourite, of infidelity; has him bound and sent degraded through the town to receive 2000 lashes; no sooner is he out of sight than she recalls him to be branded "at one job." The only pleasing person in the piece is the little maidservant permitted liberties as a verna brought up in the house whose ready tact suggests to her mistress an excuse for postponing execution of a threat made in ungovernable fury. Mime VI
A friendly chat or a private conversation.The subject is a domestic one; Metro has arrived at Koritto's house to ask her where she acquired a dildo, but the dialogue is as clever and amusing as the rest, with some delightful touches. Our interest is engaged here in a certain Kerdon, the maker of the dildo and who hides this trade by the front of being a cobbler. On acquiring the information she desired, Metro leaves to seek him out. Mime VII
The same Kerdon and Metro whom we see in VI appear, Metro bringing some friends to Kerdon's shoe shop, (his name, which means "profiteer", had already become generic for the shoemaker as the typical representative of retail trade) he is a little bald man with a fluent tongue, complaining of hard times, who bluffs and wheedles by turns. The sexual undertones which we have come to expect from his involvement in VI are only realised at the end when Metro's friends have left the shop. Mime VIII
Opens with the poet waking up his servants to listen


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 to his dream; but we have only the beginning, and the other fragments are very short. Within the limits of 100 lines or less Herodas presents us with a highly entertaining scene and with characters definitely drawn.Discussion
Some of these had been perfected no doubt upon the Attic stage, where the tendency in the 4th century had been gradually to evolve accepted types—not individuals, but generalizations from a class, an art in which Menander's was esteemed the master-hand. Their effect is achieved by true dramatic means, with touches never wasted and the more delightful often because they do not clamour for attention. The execution has the qualities of first-rate Alexandrian work in miniature, such as the epigrams of Asclepiades possess, the finish and firm outlines; and these little pictures bear the test of all artistic work – they do not lose their freshness with familiarity, and gain in interest as one learns to appreciate their subtle points. References

Sources

 The papyrus manuscript, obtained from the Fayum, is in the possession of the British Museum, and was first printed by FG Kenyon in 1891. Editions by Otto Crusius (1905, text only, in Teubner series) and JA Nairn (1904), with introduction, notes and bibliography. There is an English verse translation of the mimes by H. Sharpley (1906) under the title A Realist of the Aegean and another by Guy Davenport (1981). A prose translation is included in the


texts:
 Walter George Headlam edition (1922).Cunningham, I.C. <mask>, Mimiambi (Oxford, 1971). Zanker, Graham (ed., trans., comm.). Herodas: Mimiambs (Oxford: Aris & Phillips, 2009). Further reading
 Arnott, W. Geoffrey. 1971. "Herodas and the Kitchen Sink."Greece and Rome 18:121–132. Cazzato, Vanessa. 2015. "Hipponax' Poetic Initiation and Herodas' 'Dream'." Cambridge Classical Journal 61:1-14.
 duBois, Page. 2007. "Reading the Writing on the Wall."Classical Philology 102:45–56. Fernández Delgado, José Antonio. 2011. "Herodas’ Rhetoric of Proverbs." In Estudios sobre tragedia griega: Eurípides, el teatro griego de finales del s. V a. C. y su influencia posterior. Edited by Milagros Quijada Sagredo, 219–232. Madrid: Ediciones Clásicas.Finnegan, Rachel J. 1992. "Women in Herodian Mime." Hermathena 152:21–37. Furley, William D. 2005. "Herodas, Herondas." In Brill's New Pauly, vol.6. Edited by Hubert Cancik and Helmuth Schneider, cols. 251–254. Leiden, The Netherlands, and Boston: Brill. Hunter, Richard L. 1993. "The Presentation of Herodas’s Mimiamboi." Antichthon 27:31–44.Orrells, David. 2012. "Headlam’s Herodas: The Art of Suggestion." In Expurgating the Classics: Editing out in Greek and Latin. Edited by Stephen Harrison and Christopher Stray, 53–72. London: Bristol. Rosen, Ralph.1992. "Mixing of Genres and Literary Program in Herodas 8." Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 94:205–216. Sumler, Alan. 2010. "A Catalogue of


texts:
 Shoes: Puns in Herodas Mime 7." Classical World 103:465–476.External links

 Theophrastus Characters. <mask>, Cercidas and the Greek Choliambic Poets, ed. & trans. J. M. Edmonds, A. D. Knox. (1925). Loeb Classical Library. Ancient Greek dramatists and playwrights
Ancient Greek poets
3rd-century BC Greek people
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
Hellenistic


texts:
<mask> ( ; born October 28, 1985) is an American music critic and YouTuber who runs the YouTube channel The Needle Drop and its tie-in website. His website and YouTube videos discuss and review a variety of music genres. Early life
<mask> was born in Connecticut and is of Sicilian American descent. He spent his teenage years in Wolcott, Connecticut. As a teenager, <mask> became interested in politics through the work of the musician Jello Biafra, former lead singer of the hardcore punk band Dead Kennedys, calling him "pretty much my political idol". Career
<mask> started his career in the mid-2000s as a music director for the Southern Connecticut State University college radio station. In 2007, <mask> started working at Connecticut Public Radio (WNPR), where he hosted The Needle Drop.That same year, he launched The Needle Drop in the form of written reviews, eventually launching his series of video reviews on the YouTube channel of the same name in January 2009, starting with a Jay Reatard record. <mask> has said that his review for Flying Lotus' 2010 album Cosmogramma appearing next to other Flying Lotus videos in YouTube's "Featured Videos" section gave him the "hint" to continue making video reviews. In 2010, Fantano removed older reviews that contained music clips in order to avoid violations of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. At the time, he was working on The Needle Drop at the college radio station, as well as at a pizza restaurant. In late 2011, he decided to pursue The Needle Drop full-time, but kept affiliation with WNPR until 2014. Fantano was offered an album review show on Adult Swim but declined. In order to earn enough money to pay his editor Austin Walsh, by November 2016, Fantano had recorded more regularly on a secondary YouTube channel, "thatistheplan", on which he

masks:
Anthony Fantano
Fantano
Fantano
Fantano
Fantano
Fantano


texts: reviewed memes and recorded "often irreverent videos that don't fall into the record review format", according to Spin.This secondary channel came into question and controversy in October 2017, when an article published in The Fader accused <mask> of promoting alt-right sentiments in videos on "thatistheplan". <mask> was criticized for the use of Pepe the Frog memes (which had recently been labeled an alt-right symbol) and targeting feminists. After the article was released, multiple scheduled dates of "The Needle Drop" U.S. tour were cancelled, with at least one ticket booking site for a Brooklyn tour date stating that their cancellation was due to the Fader article. <mask> produced a video response calling the critical article a "hit job". He disputed accusations of sympathizing with the alt right and stated that the videos in question were satirical. The article was later deleted by The Fader, with both parties saying that the claims were settled. In a later interview, <mask> acknowledged that there had been some "grubby, closed-minded, young, aggressive male" viewers on the "thatistheplan" channel and disavowed what he saw as the "toxic and problematic" side of internet humor, stating that the incident had led him to be more vocal in his advocacy for social justice issues.By the end of 2017, <mask> had reached a million subscribers and diversified his content to include weekly "track roundup" videos, livestreamed Q&As, and video thinkpieces alongside his album reviews. In June 2019, <mask> had a cameo in Lil Nas X's video for the Young Thug and Mason Ramsey remix of "Old Town Road", appearing as a security guard for the Area 51 military installation (a reference to the "Storm Area 51" meme). Later that year he curated a charity compilation, The Needle Drop LP, which consists of "artists that

masks: Fantano Fantano Fantano Fantano Fantano Fantano


texts:
 have either been featured on the site or reviewed favorably in the past". Profits from the album were donated to The Immigrant Legal Resource Center non-profit. Reception
The Needle Drop won the 2011 O Music Awards in the "Beyond the Blog" category. In 2014, Nick Veronin of Wired said of Fantano "Instead of deploying ten-dollar words to describe a riff or synth tone, Fantano relies on gestures, clenching his fists or contorting his elastic, expressive face. It gets at some of the more ephemeral qualities of music that written words can't begin to touch."When asked about the merits of Fantano's reviews, veteran music critic Robert Christgau said in 2019:
[Fantano] seems to have arrived at a plausible brand of 21st-century rockcrit taste that runs toward what I'll call dark prog [...] Nowhere near as insensible to hip-hop/r&b as dark proggers tend to be, but note that very few female artists crack his top 10s, which in 2018 was really missing the action. Fantano seems to have figured out a way to make some kind of living by disseminating his own criticism in the online age. That's an achievement. In his 2019 book Perfect Sound Whatever, comedian James Acaster called Fantano's best albums of 2016 list "a real music fan's Top 50" and said of Fantano "perhaps more than anybody else, he appreciates how the reviewer's role has changed since the internet became a thing [...] The job of a reviewer used to be telling people what's worth their money but now it's telling people what's worth their time." In September 2020, New York Times culture correspondent Joe Coscarelli described Fantano as "probably the most popular music critic left standing". According to Coscarelli, Fantano has successfully brought an "old art to a new medium" and has revitalized the record review format for a younger generation of


texts:
 music consumers. Personal life
Fantano is married, and resides in Connecticut.He is a vegan, having swapped to the diet after first going vegetarian in his late teens. In March 2018, <mask> told Polygon that he is a "free speech purist". Following student protests against Milo Yiannopoulos speaking at UC Berkeley, Fantano said "The irony of antifa is they use force and childish tactics to get their way. Just like a fascist." Fantano endorsed Bernie Sanders in the 2020 United States presidential election. Discography

Albums
Taiga (2009)
Anthony FanFiction Vol.1 (2015)

Guest appearances
"21 & Jaded" on Never Forget Where You Came From by Goody Grace (2021)

as Cal Chuchesta

Mixtapes
The New CALassic (2015)

Singles
"Cal 2 B" (2013)
"Mykey Come Back" (2015)
"Panda (Remix)" featuring Pink Guy and NFKRZ (2016)
"Coin Star" (2018)
"Don't Talk to Me" featuring Fellatia Geisha (2018)
"Slap Chop" (2018)
"On Deck Freestyle" (2018)
"I'm in the Club (Lookin' for Some Love)" featuring Joycie (2018)
"Advice" featuring Rob Scallon (2018)
"Rubber Duck (Pickup Truck)" (2019)
"Best Teef?" (2019)
"East (Remix)" (2020)

References

External links

 <mask> at Discogs

 Cal Chuchesta at Discogs

1985 births
21st-century American bass guitarists
21st-century American non-fiction writers
American atheists
American male bloggers
American bloggers
American men podcasters
American podcasters
American music critics
American music journalists
American people of French-Canadian descent
American writers of Italian descent
American social democrats
American YouTubers
Internet properties established in 2009
Living people
Male YouTubers
Musicians from Connecticut
Music YouTubers
People from Wolcott, Connecticut
Southern Connecticut State University alumni
Twitch (service) streamers
YouTube critics and reviewers
YouTube

masks:
Fantano
Anthony Fantano


texts:
"Nature Boy" <mask> (born William Fritz Ensor; August 14, 1961 – June 22, 2015) was an American professional wrestler, best known for his work in National Wrestling Alliance territories. Early life
<mask> first became interested in professional wrestling when a friend of his sister, Lou Anne Smith, introduced him to Bob Orton, Randy Savage and Boris Malenko. <mask> was an amateur wrestler in high school, but dropped out during his junior year. While he was training with Boris Malenko, <mask> lived in an apartment with Olympian Bob Roop. Professional wrestling career

Early Career (1979 - 1981)
<mask> started his career in 1979. In 1980 he worked for Angelo Poffo's International Championship Wrestling in the Mid-East. National Wrestling Alliance Territories (1981 - 1986)
He started his career in 1981 in Bill Watts's Mid-South Wrestling.<mask> made his debut on May 25, 1981 in New Orleans, LA and defeated Kelly Kiniski. The young wrestler was quite active, wrestling Ken Mantell, Carl Fergie, Jake Roberts, and The Great Kabuki. On August 18, 1981 he received his first title opportunity, but fell in defeat to Mississippi Champion Bob Orton. On September 29, 1981 he teamed with Jim Garvin in an unsuccessful challenge to MSW Tag-Team Champions The Wild Samoans, and after this moved on to Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling. Less than two weeks later <mask> surfaced in Jim Crockett's Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling, defeating Mike Miller in Asheville, NC. He was largely victorious against a number of opponents, including Charlie Fulton, Mike Miller, and Jeff Sword. <mask> returned to Mid-South Wrestling on March 3, 1982,

masks:
Buddy Landel
Landel
Landel
Landel
Landel
Landel
Landel
Landel


texts: defeating Bob Orton in a match held in Baton Rouge, LA.He stayed in Bill Watt's territory for the next few months, facing Rick Ferrara, Paul Orndorff, and One Man Gang. After several months in the promotion, <mask> jumped to the Continental Wrestling Association on August 30, 1982. Teaming with Mike Graham, they battled Spike Huber and Mr. Electricity Steve Regal to a double countout. After several months in the CWA, <mask> returned to MSW and would split time between several National Wrestling Alliance promotions, including Mid South, the CWA, and Houston Wrestling. On March 8, 1983 he traveled to Capitol Sports Promotions and defeated Pierre Martel to win the WWC North American Heavyweight Title. This was <mask>'s first title, and he held the belt until June 25, 1983 when he lost to Pedro Morales in Guaynabo, Puerto Rico. That summer <mask> defeated Dutch Mantell to win the NWA Mid-America Heavyweight Championship in Memphis, TN.He held the title until August 29, 1983 when he was defeated by Koko B Ware. <mask> regained the title on September 10, then holding it until he was defeated by Terry Taylor on December 1, 1983 in Lexington, KY. <mask> spent all of 1984 splitting time between Mid South and Houston Wrestling, facing competitors such as Terry Taylor, Jose Lothario, and Brickhouse Brown. In 1985 he returned to Mid Atlantic Championship Wrestling (Jim Crockett Promotions), defeating Denny Brown at "MACW Title Night '85" in Raleigh, North Carolina on March 6. <mask> joined manager James J. Dillon's stable, and he unsuccessfully challenged Magnum TA for the United States Heavyweight Championship on March 29, 1985. He

masks: Landell Landel Landel Landel Landel Landell Landel


texts: would wrestle Magnum several more times that spring but was unable to gain the title. On June 15, 1985 <mask> received his first ever shot at the NWA World Heavyweight Championship, falling in defeat to "Nature Boy" Ric Flair in Greensboro, NC. A wrestling card with a Landel-Ric Flair main event on July 31, 1985, drew an overflow crowd at J.S.Dorton Arena in Raleigh, North Carolina. (<mask> often claimed this crowd broke Elvis Presley's attendance record at the arena, but this has not been independently confirmed.) He won the NWA National Heavyweight Championship from Terry Taylor at Starrcade '85 in Greensboro, North Carolina. <mask> was set to win the NWA World Heavyweight Championship from Flair in 1985. However, <mask> had a falling out with the management of Jim Crockett Promotions and left the company after dropping the National Heavyweight Championship to Dusty Rhodes on December 19, 1985. He resurfaced in the Continental Wrestling Association January 4, 1986 and defeated David Haskins at a television taping in Memphis, TN. Seventeen days later he retook the CWA Mid-America Heavyweight Championship from Koko B Ware, although his reign was brief as he was defeated for it by Dusty Rhodes on February 2.<mask> regained the championship sixteen days later and held it until April 7, when he lost to Dutch Mantell. On April 19, 1986 he made a one-off return to Jim Crockett Promotions, teaming with Bill Dundee to participate in the Jim Crockett Sr. Memorial Cup. The duo was defeated in the first round by Steve Williams and Terry Taylor. On June 2, 1986 he defeated former partner Bill Dundee to win the AWA Southern Championship

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Buddy Landell
Landel
Landel
Landel
Landel


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 in a barbed wire match held in Mid-South Coliseum in Memphis, Tennessee. He briefly vacated the belt that month, then regained it in a tournament finale over The Flame (Roger Smith). With Bill Dundee, Dutch Mantell, and Jerry Lawler, he headlined the last sold-out show in the Mid-South Coliseum. On July 27, 1986 <mask> returned to Mid Atlantic Championship Wrestling and defeated George South at a television taping in Atlanta, GA.Accompanied by former foe turned partner Bill Dundee, <mask> and Dundee both attacked South after the match. On the July 12th episode of "World Championship Wrestling", announcer Tony Schiavone conducted a sit-down interview with <mask> who claimed that he and not Ric Flair was the real "Nature Boy". In his first month back he was programmed against opening level competition on house shows, facing and defeating Rocky King, Sam Houston, and Todd Champion. While <mask> remained undefeated, Flair would not respond until the September 6th episode of NWA Pro, where he stated that he was "Space Mountain" while <mask> was "Ride the Wild Mouse". That same weekend on NWA Worldwide, <mask> and Dundee claimed that Flair would only wrestle an injured competitor like Dusty Rhodes. <mask>, however, would never wrestle Flair in this time period and instead faced Magnum T.A. and NWA Mid-Atlantic Heavyweight Champion Ron Garvin, wrestling each to a draw when they faced off.Universal Wrestling Federation (1986)
<mask> joined Bill Watt's Universal Wrestling Federation on October 10, 1986 and defeated Jeff Raitz at a house show in Tulsa, Oklahoma. <mask> was unbeaten, defeating Joe Savoldi, Jeff Gaylord, and Chavo

masks:
Buddy Landel
Landel
Buddy Landel
Landel
Buddy
Landel
Landel
Buddy Landel
Landel


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 Guerrero. Continental Championship Wrestling (1987)
He next jumped to National Wrestling Alliance affiliate Continental Championship Wrestling in February 1987, winning the NWA Southeastern Heavyweight. During the first half of the year he would face The Tennessee Stud (Ron Fuller) and Wendell Cooley. American Wrestling Association (1987)
<mask> joined Verne Gagne's American Wrestling Association on September 18, 1987, defeating ML Williams at a TV taping in Las Vegas, NV. His stay was short-lived and consigned only to that TV taping, where he also defeated Lance Allen and Chris Bassett. All Japan Pro Wrestling (1988)
<mask> made his first trip to an overseas promotion in January 1988 when he joined All Japan Pro Wrestling.His first appearance came at the "All Japan Pro Wrestling 100 Million Yen Capture 16 Man Battle Royal" on New Year's Day in Tokyo, Japan. During the tour <mask> faced Akira Taue, Tiger Mask, Akio Sato, Hiroshi Wajima, John Tenta (Earthquake), and Jumbo Tsuruta. Continental Wrestling Association (1988 - 1990)
He returned once more to the CWA on August 1, 1988 and unsuccessfully challenged AWA World Heavyweight Champion Jerry Lawler in Memphis, TN. While appearing in the CWA he also wrestled for Capitol Sports Promotions, and on August 20 defeated TNT (Savio Vega) for the WWC Caribbean Heavyweight Champion. He held the belt until September 17 when TNT regained it. <mask> returned to the CWA and remained with the company as it transitioned into the United States Wrestling Association. World Championship Wrestling (1990 - 1991)
On the June 9, 1990, episode of NWA Pro, Lance Russell conducted a backstage

masks:
Landel
Buddy Landel
Landel
Landel


texts:
 interview with <mask> and talked about his return to the National Wrestling Alliance.Later that night he pinned Paul Drake. Later that month he began a house show series with "Captain" Mike Rotunda but was winless. <mask> made his first-ever PPV appearance at the 1990 Great American Bash, losing to Brian Pillman. He next moved on to a house show series with Tom Zenk where he had considerably more success, and then faced Tommy Rich at multiple cards. On September 5 he suffered a televised loss to Mike Rotunda at Clash of the Champions XII "Fall Brawl: Mountain Madness". On the September 8th episode of WCW Worldwide he announced that he was going after titles, and the following week lost to Terry Taylor and still demanded a title shot. He finally faced off against old nemesis Ric Flair in a "Battle of the Nature Boys".He wrestled Flair in a "Gauntlet match" which aired on November 24, 1990. The storyline was dropped after three months because of <mask>'s drug problems. In early 1991, he was under consideration for membership in Alexandra York's The York Foundation. He was fired from WCW in 1991 after allegedly blowing snot on a hotel manager. Global Wrestling Federation (1991)
Following a stint in the Tri-State Wrestling Alliance, <mask> joined the newly created Global Wrestling Federation on June 28, 1991 and defeated Gary Young. He would lose to The Patriot in the finals for a tournament to crown the GWF Television Champion. <mask> also continued to wrestle for the TWA, and was going to wrestle "Nature Boy" <mask> for his Tri-State Title in early 1992 but the promotion folded before the match could happen.Smoky Mountain

masks:
Buddy Landel
Landel
Landel
Landel
Landel
Buddy Rogers


texts:
 Wrestling (1991 - 1992)
<mask> joined Jim Cornette's new promotion Smoky Mountain Wrestling for its inaugural TV taping on November 27, 1991 in Morristown, TN. <mask> stated that he had refused to do favors for major promotions and had joined SMW to hurt people. His first wrestling match would not come until April 18, 1992 however; he defeated Reno Riggins on SMW television in his debut match. <mask> feuded with Tim Horner that spring but was generally unsuccessful. United States Wrestling Association (1992 - 1994)
He rejoined the USWA on August 17, 1992, teaming with Brian Christopher, Doug Gilbert and Eddie Gilbert to defeat Bill Dundee, The Rock 'n' Roll Express and Tommy Rich. On November 22, 1993 he defeated Jeff Jarrett to win the vacated USWA Heavyweight Championship. He would lose it to Brian Christopher on December 11, 1993.In 1994 he unsuccessfully attempted to regain the title from Tommy Rich and later Sid Vicious. Return to Smoky Mountain Wrestling (1994 - 1995)
On December 25, 1994 <mask> appeared at "SMW Christmas Chaos 94", defeating SMW Heavyweight Champion The Dirty White Boy via disqualification. Landel became one of the main eventers managed by Jim Cornette. <mask> held the SMW Heavyweight Championship and the SMW Television Championship in 1995. In August 1995 he earned a role in the movie Box of Moonlight, appearing in a scene wrestling Headbanger Thrasher. He remained a heroic character until the promotion folded in late 1995. <mask> and Shawn Michaels set a record house at the Knoxville Coliseum.World Wrestling Federation (1995-1996, 1997)
After Cornette closed SMW, both Cornette and <mask> went to

masks:
Buddy Landel
Landel
Landel
Landel
Buddy
Landel
Landel


texts:
 the World Wrestling Federation. Working without a contract, <mask> began wrestling for the WWF on December 17, 1995 at In Your House. It would be his only WWF pay-per-view match, losing to Ahmed Johnson. He continued to use a very similar image to Ric Flair, even using Flair's early 90s WWF entrance music. He made his Raw debut the next night, defeating Bob Holly. He also defeated Matt Hardy on the December 23, 1995 episode of Superstars. It was right after this match that <mask> suffered a serious injury outside of the arena, slipping on ice and tearing his right quadriceps.He was out of action for six months as a result. <mask> wrestled Bret Hart in a WWF World Heavyweight Championship match shown on Mania on January 13, 1996, although the match was taped prior to <mask>'s injury. <mask> returned to the WWF for a one-night appearance on February 20, 1997, wrestling against TL Hopper. World Championship Wrestling (1997)
<mask> made a one-off return to WCW on June 24, 1997 and wrestled Bill Goldberg in the latter's very first match. For years this match was rumored to be Goldberg's legendary "untelevised loss"; in reality Goldberg had lost in a dark match to Chad Fortune. World Wrestling Federation (1998, 1999)
On May 19, 1998 he worked a dark match against Edge. He had one last short run with the WWF in 1999, wrestling two matches on Shotgun Saturday Night, first on February 20, 1999 against The Godfather and then on February 27, 1999 against Triple H.

Late career (1996-2010)
After leaving WWF and recovering from his quadriceps injury <mask> began wrestling on the independent scene, appearing first for Tennessee

masks:
Landel
Landel
Landel
Landel
Landel
Buddy Landell
Landel


texts:
 Mountain Wrestling and competing for them on multiple occasions.<mask> also returned to the World Wrestling Council. In 1997 and 1998 he would wrestle for numerous other promotions as well, including  IWA Mid-South, Ohio Valley Wrestling, NWA New Jersey and the National Wrestling League. He retired in 2003 where he teamed with Jerry Lawler and Jimmy Valiant defeating Bill Dundee, Mabel, and Jimmy Hart for Memphis Wrestling on September 28, 2003. In 2005 he worked at NWA Rocky Top promotion in Knoxville doing color commentary with Tony Basilio. Following a six year absence from the ring, <mask> returned at the XCW Mid-West Legends Of The Louisville Gardens on March 3, 2009 to wrestle Flash Flanagan for the XCW Heavyweight Championship. On October 24, 2009 <mask> appeared at the TWA Reunion Show in Vorhees, NJ. Still holding onto the TWA Heavyweight Championship, he then lost the title to Glen Osbourne.<mask> was honored as Most Influential WWF/WCW Wrestler from Kentucky by the state's governor and made a Kentucky Colonel in 1990. He wrestled his final match at the NWA Wrestle Birmingham The Big Bang event on November 19, 2010, where he teamed with Cameron Valentine and Greg Valentine to face Brutus Beefcake, Brickhouse Brown, and Jake Roberts. On August 27, 2011 Landel was inducted into the Legends Pro Wrestling Hall of Fame. Personal life
Landel's roots were English, Cherokee Indian and German. His fifth great-grandfather was Peter Shipe, President George Washington's baggage master. Upon the end of his  service, Peter Shipe was given a land-grant in Knoxville by Washington for his service, and the family owned the land for

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 200 years until it was sold in 1980 by his grandmother, Agnes Luttrell Shipe, surviving wife of Thomas Samuel Shipe. Landel acknowledged that in 1985 he began abusing drugs, using them for 10 to 15 years.He hoped by talking about the rampant drug abuse in pro wrestling, that he could help newcomers to avoid the trials he went through. He also had some trouble with the IRS, but wrestling promoter Jim Crockett helped him pay the tax bill. He was an active reserve police officer since 1998 and went through the Sabre Tactical School ran by Paul Castle. <mask> and his wife Donna were married for over 34 years. He  had 3 daughters: Andrea, Celeste and Kolby. Landel had several grandchildren, including Nick Osborne, who was drafted into professional baseball in 2019. Death
On June 21, 2015, Landel was involved in a car crash.He was hospitalized and reportedly checked himself out against his doctor's wishes, eventually returning to his home in Chilhowie, Virginia. He told his wife Donna that he was "feeling bad", and she found him dead the next morning. Championships and accomplishments
American Independent Wrestling Federation
AIWF Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
AIWF Hall Of Fame (Class of 2016)**
American Wrestling Federation
AWF Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Extreme Coastal Championship Wrestling
ECCW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Georgia Championship Wrestling
NWA National Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Independent Professional Wrestling Alliance
IPWA Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Independent Wrestling Alliance
IWA Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Independent Wrestling Association Mid-South
IWA Mid-South


texts:
 Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Legends Pro Wrestling
LPW Hall of Fame (Class of 2011)
Mid-Atlantic Wrestling Alliance
MAWA National Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Mid-South Wrestling Association
Mid-South Television Championship (1 time)
New Dimension Wrestling
NDW Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
NWA Mid-America / Continental Wrestling Association
AWA Southern Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
NWA Mid-America Heavyweight Championship (4 times)
NWA New Jersey
NWA United States Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Doug Gilbert
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI ranked him No. 72 of the 500 top singles wrestlers of the PWI Years in 1995
Southeastern Championship Wrestling
NWA Southeast Continental Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Smoky Mountain Wrestling
SMW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
SMW Beat the Champ Television Championship (1 time)
Southeastern Championship Wrestling
SCW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Southern States Wrestling
SSW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
SSW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Beau James
Kingsport Wrestling Hall of Fame (Class of 2001)
Tennessee Mountain Wrestling
TMW Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
Tri-State Wrestling Alliance
TWA Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
United Atlantic Championship Wrestling
UACW Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Big Jesse
United States Wrestling Association
USWA Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
USA Wrestling
USA Tennessee Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
World Wrestling Council
WWC Caribbean Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
WWC Caribbean Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Terry Gibbs
WWC North American Heavyweight Championship (1


texts:
 time)
WWC North American Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Terry Gibbs
Other titles
NCW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
UAW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Jesse Landell

References

External links

1961 births
2015 deaths
American male professional wrestlers
People from Knoxville, Tennessee
Professional wrestlers from Tennessee
Professional wrestling trainers
Road incident deaths in Tennessee
People from Chilhowie,


texts:
<mask> (born 13 February 1985) is a Dutch former professional footballer. Mainly a defensive midfielder he could also operate as a central defender, where he started his career at Ajax at the age of 19. He spent several seasons in La Liga, mainly with Valencia where he appeared in 113 competitive games and won the 2008 Spanish Cup. He also competed professionally in Greece and Cyprus. A Dutch international in the 2000s, <mask> represented the country at the 2006 World Cup. Club career

<mask> was born in Almere, Flevoland. At AFC Ajax he was voted as the Amsterdam club's brightest emerging talent in the 2003–04 season, and made his Eredivisie debut in the following campaign, his debut in the competition coming against Roda JC on 27 February 2005 in a 2–1 away win.In the following years, <mask> started more often than not for Ajax, helping the team to two KNVB Cups and three Johan Cruyff Shields. He appeared in 105 games overall for them, scoring 11 goals. Valencia
In mid-January 2008, after helping Ajax to the third consecutive Johan Cruyff Shield, <mask> joined Valencia CF, in a four-and-a-half-year deal worth €3 million – compatriot Ronald Koeman was the team manager. His La Liga debut came late in the month a 0–1 home loss against UD Almería, and he started in all 11 matches he played in his first year, but the Che could only finish tenth even though they won the Copa del Rey, with the player being an unused substitute in the final against Getafe CF (Koeman had already been fired at that point). In his first full season in Spain, <mask> started playing a small role, a situation which was created after his late return from the 2008 Summer Olympics. However, new coach Unai Emery eventually awarded him minutes due to injuries and suspensions, and he performed well in various positions, including right-back. On 25 April 2009 he scored his first competitive goal for the club, netting from a corner kick to make it 1–1 against FC Barcelona in an eventual 2–2 home draw; with the team finally

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Hedwiges Eduard Martinus Maduro
Maduro
Ajax Maduro
Maduro
Maduro
Maduro


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 finishing in sixth position he made more than 30 appearances during the campaign, in spite of facing stiff competition from the likes of Alexis or Carlos Marchena, as only Raúl Albiol was an undisputed starter in the back-four sector.<mask> spent the vast majority of 2011–12 on the sidelines, nursing a serious ankle injury. Sevilla
On 5 June 2012, Sevilla FC announced on their official website the signing of <mask> on a free transfer. He turned down a contract extension at Valencia, and also had an offer from FC Spartak Moscow who had just hired his former boss Emery, finishing his debut season in Andalusia with 30 games all competitions comprised to help the side to the ninth place, in spite of being diagnosed with a heart condition in the previous summer. With Míchel gone from the bench and Emery being hired as his replacement, <mask> was quickly deemed surplus to requirements. PAOK
On 2 January 2014, it was announced that <mask> would sign with Greece's PAOK FC for two and a half years. The deal was confirmed five days later. In February 2015, nursing a hand injury, <mask> requested a leave of absence and visited his former club Ajax.After being linked to Feyenoord, his contract expired and both parties agreed to part ways. Omonia
On 20 July 2017, the 32-year-old <mask> signed a two-year contract with Cypriot First Division side AC Omonia for an undisclosed fee, arriving from FC Groningen. He made his debut on 10 September in the season opener, a 2–1 home win against Ethnikos Achna FC. On 9 August 2018, <mask> announced his retirement through a short video on Twitter. International career
Shortly after making his league debut with Ajax, <mask> won his first cap for the Netherlands on 26 March 2005, in a 2006 FIFA World Cup qualifier against Romania. He was picked for the final squad-of-23 by national team manager Marco van Basten – also his coach in Ajax's youth system – appearing four minutes in the 0–0 group stage draw against Argentina in an eventual round-of-16 exit. In 2007, despite

masks: Maduro Maduro Maduro Maduro Maduro Maduro Maduro Maduro