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 until 1929, women were not considered legal persons in Canada, and so were prevented from owning property or holding legal title to homesteads, <mask> enlisted her brother, Lincoln, to purchase  for her, in his name, north of The Pas, Manitoba. <mask> began to farm in 1913. Prospecting
Soon after <mask> moved to The Pas, there was word of gold being discovered  north on Beaver Lake. <mask> began studying prospecting and read everything she found on geology. She befriended local Cree, and learned their language, and to hunt and trap animals. In 1914, <mask> borrowed money, a "grubstake", from an old college friend, and hired a Cree guide to take her north to Beaver Lake by dogsled.She then travelled further north by canoe to Brochet to begin prospecting. On this first foray, <mask> discovered zinc showings at Reindeer Lake but did not stake the claim as there was no railway to the area and it would be difficult to develop. In 1915, she took her own dog team to explore the Beaver Lake area where she went on to stake her first claims. During this time <mask> hired "Old Isaac" a local Cree Elder, to teach her how to trap, hunt, mush dogs, and shoot. The local Cree called her "Mooniasquao" ("white woman"). The following year, <mask> entered into a partnership with Richard "Dick" Woosey. Woosey was a veteran of the British 18th Royal Hussars Regiment who had fought in the Boer War, in India and along the Afghan border.The two built a remote cabin together and worked as a team until Woosey's death in 1940. While there was frequent speculation about their personal relationship, <mask> always insisted it was strictly professional. In 1917, <mask> staked more claims at Herb Lake and had them surveyed, proved, and assessed. For several decades afterward, <mask> prospected the Wekusko Lake, Herb Lake, and Snow Lake areas, as

masks: Rice Rice Rice Rice Rice Rice Rice Rice Rice Rice Rice


type: original

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 well as in the Burntwood and Flin Flon mineral belts. In 1928, <mask> visited Toronto, where she began to garner media attention as "...a most picturesque feminine visitor" who was making a name for herself in the notoriously rugged world of northern trapping and prospecting. (<mask> was hard to overlook, standing six feet tall with golden blonde hair bobbed around a brilliant mind.) For years afterwards, the Toronto Star would hound her while she was on her regular visits south to see her parents and international papers as far away as Australia would regularly record her exploits.<mask> occasionally wrote well-received articles for the Toronto Star about topics of more interest to her than to tabloid journalism. <mask> was once offered $500,000 for one of her claims, but decided to hold out for twice that amount. Unfortunately, the buyer eventually walked away and she was only able to sell it for $20,000 to International Nickel (INCO). <mask> and Woosey were later sued by C. E. Hermann, a former associate, for breach of contract involving another claim that was valued (for a time) at $5 million. Her many copper and nickel discoveries ultimately led to the development of large mining operations and the creation of the mining hub of Thompson, Manitoba. Later years

From 1940 onwards <mask> lived in her log cabin on her island on Wekusko Lake, writing, gardening, fishing, trapping, and prospecting in her small 12 ft canvas canoe "Duckling". She wrote several articles in scientific journals about meteorological and astronomical observations she had made in her travels through Canada's north.She became well known, as well, for her ability to raise and train sled dogs, and for her skill in mushing them without resorting to the use of a whip. After so many years living in isolation on her island, <mask> became worried

masks: Rice Rice Rice Rice Rice Rice Rice


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 for her own sanity. She left the wilderness in 1960 at the age of 77 to check into the Brandon Mental Institution. After examination, the doctors assured her she was not crazy, but rather was "just a prospector". Nonetheless, in 1962 <mask> moved herself into a nursing home in Minnedosa, Manitoba where she died a year later. Penniless in the end, she was buried in an unmarked grave. Recognition
The island upon which <mask> lived on Wekusko Lake was officially recognized as Rice Island in 1946.In 2013 a plaque was installed on the island that read: "In Memory of Kathleen ‘<mask><mask>. With the aurora borealis illuminating her pioneering trail, her courage and ethics spoke volumes, while her deeds and prospecting helped define the North we know." In 2009, the Snow Lake newspaper, Underground Press, spearheaded a fundraising campaign to erect a headstone on <mask>’s grave in Minnedosa which read "Prospector and Pioneer of the North, Extraordinary Woman of the Wilds". A similar stone was erected in The Pas on Dick Woosey's grave. The Canadian Mining Hall of Fame inducted <mask> in 2013. A relative donated <mask>'s papers, including an unpublished memoir and drawings, to the University of Manitoba Archives. See also
History of Manitoba
List of Female Adventurers

References

Further reading
 Headframes, Happiness and Heartaches: Mines of Manitoba, by Richard Brent Parres and Marc Jackson, James and Audrey Parres, 2009.CBC Radio - Extraordinary Woman of the Wilds: <mask>

1882 births
1963 deaths
Female polar explorers
People from St. Mary's, Ontario
Canadian gold prospectors
Canadian miners
Canadian prospectors
Women in mining
Writers from Ontario
20th-century Canadian women writers
University of Toronto alumni
20th-century Canadian educators
20th-century Canadian non-fiction writers
Canadian women non-fiction

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Rice
Rice
Kate
’ Rice
Rice
Kate Rice
Rice
Kate Rice


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<mask> (born May 14, 1977) is a Canadian retired ice hockey player and current chairperson of the Professional Women's Hockey Players Association. During her career, she won multiple medals at the Winter Olympics and IIHF World Women's Championships as well as titles in the National Women's Hockey League and Canadian Women's Hockey League. She helped Canada win four-straight Olympic gold medals from 2002 to 2014 and famously scored the gold-medal winning goal at the 2002 Winter Olympics. At the club level across three leagues, she scored 439 goals in 418 competitive games including a CWHL record 44 goals in 2008-09. She was selected to be inducted to the Hockey Hall of Fame on June 26, 2018. On July 19, 2018, <mask> was named interim commissioner of the Canadian Women's Hockey League. She was named a 2019 Order of Hockey in Canada recipient.Hefford was born in Trenton, Ontario, but grew up in Kingston, Ontario. She previously played for the Mississauga Chiefs and Brampton Thunder. Playing career
At the 1994 national under-18 championship, Hefford was part of the gold medal winning Ontario team. In 1995, Hefford participated with the Ottawa Regional Select Team in a series against the U.S. National Under-18 Team. Hefford was the captain of Team Ontario at the 1995 Canada Winter Games. U of T Varsity Blues
Hefford played for the Toronto Varsity Blues women's ice hockey program, which represented the University of Toronto. In the 1997 OWIAA semifinal, Hefford was part of the Varsity Blues squad which defeated the Guelph Gryphons by a 4–1 tally.In that game, Hefford accumulated three helpers. In the 1997 OWIAA gold medal game, scored 23 seconds into overtime and she believed that the goal clinched the gold medal for the Blues. A little-known rule denied Hefford and her teammates

masks:
Jayna Hefford
Hefford


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 the Blues second consecutive title. OWIAA league rules indicated that the first five-minute overtime session in a playoff game must be played in its entirety (as a regular period). It was advised that the game would continue after Hefford's goal and York won the game in the second overtime. Hefford joined former University of Toronto student-athlete Heather Moyse as the only University of Toronto graduates to claim a gold medal at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Games. She is currently an assistant coach with her former team.Hockey Canada
At the 2010 Olympics in Vancouver, Hefford ranked second on Team Canada with 12 points (5 goals, 7 assists) in 5 games on the way to her fourth medal (third gold). In the 2006 tournament, Hefford scored three goals and added four assists to finish third on the team in scoring and Canada again won the gold medal. It was her second gold medal while participating in her third Olympics. She also won a silver medal with the Canadian team at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. In the 2002 Olympics in Salt Lake City, Hefford scored the game-winning goal in the gold medal game against Team USA with four seconds remaining in the second period. Hefford won the gold in six World Championships – 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2004 and 2007. In 1999 and 2000, Hefford was Team Canada's leading scorer.Her two third period goals in the 2000 championship game pushed the contest into overtime, allowing Canada the opportunity to win. At the 2005 Esso National Women's Championships, she was named the Best Forward for Group A. On January 1, 2010, in Ottawa, Ontario, she was honoured before a game versus Team USA for reaching the 200-game plateau in her Team Canada career in November. She would go on to score the lone shootout goal later that night. In the first game of the


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 2011 IIHF Eight Nations Tournament, Hefford registered a hat trick in a 16–0 victory over Switzerland. In the third game of the tournament, she scored two goals in an 11–0 shutout over Slovakia. In an exhibition game versus the United States on August 29, 2011, Hefford scored a power play goal, and then scored twice in the shootout as Canada defeated the United States by a 4–3 tally.In a game versus Russia at the 2012 IIHF Women's World Championship, Hefford registered a four-point performance (two goals, two assists) in a 14–1 victory. Hefford again played for Canada at the 2014 Winter Olympics, earning her fourth gold medal. After 17 years, four Olympic gold medals and multiple world championships, she retired from the national women's team at age 38, after sitting out the 2014-2015 season. She stands second only to Hayley Wickenheiser in all-time games played (267), goals (157) and points (291) for Canada. The pair are the only two Canadian women to have played in all five Olympic women's hockey tournaments starting in 1998, winning four gold and one silver medal. They are among only five athletes (with teammate Caroline Ouellette) to win gold in four consecutive Winter Games. Hefford also appeared in 12 of 16 women's world hockey championships earning seven gold medals.Club hockey
<mask> <mask> made her senior competitive debut with the Mississauga Chiefs in 1996–97, scoring 32 goals in 30 games and winning Rookie of the Year honours in the Central Ontario Women's Hockey League. After spending the 1997–98 season with Canada, she joined the newly-formed Brampton Thunder for the 1998–99 season and finished second in the league with 34 goals scored in just 27 games (with the league renamed the National Women's Hockey League midway through the season). After scoring 25 goals

masks: Jayna Hefford


texts: in 1999–2000, she won her first goal-scoring title in 2000–01 with 36 goals. She also led the league in scoring with 69 points. After spending the 2001–02 season with Canada, she returned to the Thunder and scored 37 goals in 2002–03, an NWHL record 41 goals in 2003-04, and 39 goals in 2004-05. She was the NWHL's Player of the Year in 2004–05. She then spent the 2005–06 season with Canada, winning her third-straight Olympic gold medal.In 2006–07, Hefford eclipsed the 40-goal plateau for the second time in her NWHL career, also leading the league with a career-best 70 points. In the playoffs, she helped the Thunder win the NWHL playoff championship. In 2007–08, she led the new Canadian Women's Hockey League (CWHL) with 26 goals in 27 games for the Brampton Canadettes Thunder. She was named the CWHL's Most Valuable Player of the 2007–08 CWHL season, an award voted on by the league's six team captains. In addition, she was also a CWHL Central All-Star. Despite winning CWHL Top Scorer of the Month honours on four separate occasions (September, November, December, January), she lost the Angela James Bowl scoring race by three points to Jennifer Botterill's 61 points. It marked the first time since 1999–2000 that in a year when Hefford played a full season, she did not win her league scoring race.In the playoffs, Hefford helped Brampton win the first CWHL championship. In 2008–09, she won the Angela James Bowl after scoring 69 points in 28 games. She set new league records with 69 points, 44 goals, 11 power-play goals, six shorthanded goals and seven hat tricks. She is the first player in the Canadian Women's Hockey League to record 100 career points. She recorded the record-setting point milestone on January 17, 2009 in a win over the Montreal Stars. In 2009–10, she was absent


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 from the Brampton Thunder for most of the season due to the centralization of Canada's women's hockey Olympic team. After Canada's win in Vancouver, she returned to participate in the Clarkson Cup and had a goal and an assist in Brampton's semi-final win over the Montreal Stars.Brampton lost to the Minnesota Whitecaps in the final. On January 18, 2011, the Thunder competed against the Montreal Stars at the Invista Centre in Kingston, Ontario. This is team captain <mask> <mask>'s hometown and she scored a goal in front of her closest friends, family and fans. In addition, her number 15 was raised to the rafters of the Invista Centre on behalf of the Kingston Area Minor Hockey Association. As of 2012, no sweaters bearing Hefford's number will be used in Kingston minor hockey. Hefford scored 439 goals in 418 games in the COWHL, NWHL, and CWHL. She was the NWHL's all-time leading goalscorer with 252 goals from 1998–99 to 2006–07.In a seven-year stretch from 2000–01 to 2006–07, she won or co-won five NWHL scoring titles and won five NWHL goal-scoring titles. The only years in which she did not win were 2001–02 and 2005–06, the two years in which she missed most of the club campaign because she was away winning a gold medal with Canada's Olympic team. Hefford also retired as the CWHL's all-time leader in goals (130) and points (234), although both records have since been broken. In 2017, she was named to the All-Time CWHL Team from the league's first decade. Post-playing career

In 2016, the CWHL introduced the Jayna Hefford Trophy in her honour. Awarded to the most outstanding player in the regular season as judged by the players of the CWHL, the first winner of the Trophy was Marie-Philip Poulin, a former teammate of Hefford at the 2010 and 2014 Winter Games. Heading into the


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 2018–19 CWHL season, <mask> was appointed to the position of interim commissioner of the CWHL.Announced on July 19, 2018, replacing inaugural commissioner Brenda Andress, Hefford took on the role on August 1, 2018. A week after the 2019 Clarkson Cup Final, the CWHL announced that is was no longer viable, and would be closing down on May 1, 2019. The Professional Women's Hockey Players Association (PWHPA) was formed from the fall out, and the player members asked Hefford to be the Operations Consultant of the Association. Personal
Hefford was raised by her parents Larry and Sandra along with her brother Mike; she calls Kingston, Ontario her home town. She began playing hockey around the age of six. Hefford is mother to two daughters, Isla and Arwen, and a son, Lachlan, with her partner, former Team USA Olympian and Canadian Women's Hockey League co-founder Kathleen Kauth. Both have also served on the coaching staff for the University of Toronto Varsity Blues women's ice hockey program under head coach Vicky Sunohara.Hefford is a national spokesperson for the Canadian Hockey Association's Initiation Programme. In 2009, she set up a charity golf tournament, the Jayna Hefford Links 4 Life Golf Classic, in July 2009. The tournament raised $15,000 for the cancer and palliative care undertaken at Kingston's university hospitals. Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Awards and honours
1996–97 OWIAA Rookie of the Year
Top scorer in the OWIAA (1996–97)
Angela James Bowl, 2008–09
CWHL Most Valuable Player, 2007–08
CWHL Top Forward, 2008–09
CWHL First All-Star Team, 2008–09
CWHL Central All-Stars, 2007–08
1996/97 Ontario Women's Intercollegiate Athletic Association Rookie of the Year, as well as the 1998 Kingston and Ontario Amateur Athlete of the Year.


texts:
 Recognized at the 1999 and 2000 World Championships as the tournament's top goal scorer and scored at least one point in every game at the 2000 event in Canada. In 2002, Hefford was inducted into the Brampton Sports Hall of Fame in 2002. Top Forward, 2003 Esso Women's Nationals
 2004 World Women's Championship Directorate Award as Top Forward and was named to the Tournament All Star team.2005 World Women's Championship Directorate Award as Top Forward
 Top Forward, 2006 Esso Women's National Hockey Championship, Pool A
 Top Forward at the 2008 Esso Women's National Championship in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. 2019 Order of Hockey in Canada recipient

References

External links

 Official website
 Nine questions with <mask> Hefford
 Profile on Canadian Olympic Committee

1977 births
Living people
Angela James Bowl winners
Brampton Thunder players
Canadian ice hockey right wingers
Canadian sports executives and administrators

Canadian women's ice hockey players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Ice hockey players at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Lesbian sportswomen
LGBT ice hockey players
LGBT sportspeople from Canada
Medalists at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Canada
Olympic ice hockey players of Canada
Olympic medalists in ice hockey
Olympic silver medalists for Canada
Order of Hockey in Canada recipients
People from Quinte West
Sportspeople from Kingston, Ontario
Toronto Varsity Blues ice hockey players
Women ice


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<mask> (b. Venice 1956) is an Italian academic, writer and translator. Biography
Palandri graduated with a degree in Dramaturgy from the DAMS (The Disciplines of Art, Music and Theatre) school at the University of Bologna, where he studied with Gianni Celati, Giuliano Scabia and Umberto Eco. During the Movement of 1977 in Italy, he curated a book on Radio Alice, Fatti Nostri with Carlo Rovelli, Maurizio Torrealta and Claudio Piersanti. Palandri’s first novel, Boccalone, is also set in Bologna during this same timeframe. The novel was published in 1979 through L’erba voglio press, run by Elvio Fachinelli, and then republished various times by Feltrinelli and Bompiani. Palandri moved to London in 1980, where he worked as a language coach for the Royal Opera House and as a journalist (collaborating with RAI, the BBC and numerous newspapers). In 1993, Palandri was given a Writing Residency post at the University College (London).As of 2003, he also taught a semester each year at Ca' Foscari University of Venice.. He still holds the posts of Writer in Residence and Professor of Modern European Literature at the UCL. Palandri has given talks on literature at universities in South America, Russia, China and Taiwan. Palandri’s novels, articles and essays have appeared in multiple languages and have received numerous prizes (Fenice Europa, Dessi’, Mastronardi, etc.). In 2003, he was conferred the title of “Commendatore” in the Order of the Star of Italian Solidarity for his cultural contributions by Italian President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi. Publication History

After


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 Boccalone, <mask> collaborated with Marco Bellocchio to write the script of the film Diavolo in Corpo (Devil in the Flesh) (1986). He then published six novels: Le pietre e il sale (English: Ages Apart) (1986), La via del ritorno (English: The Way Back) (1997), Le colpevoli ambiguita’ di Herbert Markus (1997), Angela prende il volo (2000), L’altra sera (English: The Other Evening) (2003), I fratelli minori (2010).In this cycle, reworked in a single narrative and published by Bompiani with the title "Le condizioni atmosferiche" (2020) such themes are explored as: “Historical events and social changes of great importance: from the student movement of 1977, to political terrorism, to the fall of the Berlin Wall to the radical changes imposed on European society due to the global phenomenon of migration.” (1)

Palandri has written short stories and other pieces published in newspapers and review journals, collected in large part in the volume Allegro fantastico (1993). Palandri has published two ballads in verse: La strega mia amica (English: Little Witch) (1986) and Orfeo a teatro (2007). Palandri has also translated into Italian works by Eudora Welty, Robert McLiam Wilson and the brothers George and Weedon Grossmith. Critical Contributions

Pier (2005, on Pier Vittorio Tondelli) and Primo Levi (2011, on the Piedmont writer of the same name) are a monograph and an anthology respectively, with prefaces and commentaries which contextualize the corpus of work written concerning the two Italian authors. The volumes La deriva romantica (2002) and Flow (2011) are,


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 instead, books with a very strong theoretical focus. They discuss, in large part, questions relative to style, to the process of textual generation and the generation of metaphors, which are attributed to an independent vitality, not rhetoric but dynamically linked to content, and which qualifies literature. Flow begins with this phrase: “Poems and novels are the metaphors by which reality is brought into focus”.A single conversational flow is articulated through literary surfaces, in expression, and in profundity, in an atemporal dimension which creates cracks in those surfaces, which gives rise to the invention that the work is the space itself. In this volume, observations made in 16 appunti sulle metafore are added onto theoretical articulation, observations published and elaborated on various times in different contributing contexts before being collected in La deriva romantica. Lectures on diverse subjects given by Palandri at various universities have been published and are available online.
" Verso L'infinito" is a monograph on Giacomo Leopardi's poem. Works

 Boccalone: storia vera piena di bugie, Milan: L’erba voglio, 1979; n. ed. Milan: Feltrinelli, 1988; n. ed. Milan: Bompiani, 1997; ivi, 2011.Le pietre e il sale, Milan: Garzanti, 1986. Translated into English and Catalan. A translation of Eudora Welty, Come mi sono scoperta scrittore, Milan: Leonardo, 1989
 La via del ritorno, Milan: Bompiani, 1990; n. ed. Milan: Feltrinelli, 2001. Translated into German, English and French. Finalist for the “France Culture” prize for the year’s best European


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 novel. A translation of George and Weedon Grossmith, Diario di nessuno, Milan: Marcos y Marcos, 1991.Allegro fantastico, Milan: Bompiani, 1993. Finalist for the Pisa Prize. Le colpevoli ambiguita’ di Herbert Markus, Milan: Bompiani, 1997. Finalist for the Stresa Prize. Angela prende il volo, Milan: Feltrinelli, 2000, finalist for the Fenice Europa Prize, Mastronardi Prize, and Dessi’ Prize. La deriva romantica: ipotesi sulla letteratura e sulla scrittura, Novara: Interlinea, 2002. L’altra sera, Milan: Feltrinelli, 2003.Finalist for the Bancarella Sport Prize. Translated into English, 2012. Italia Fantastica, special issue of “Panta”, edited by Mario Fortunato and <mask>, Milan: Bompiani, 2004. Pier. Tondelli e la generazione, Rome-Bari: Laterza, 2005. Orfeo a teatro: canzone a tre voci per Orfeo, Euridice e un tecnico delle luci, Venice: Fondazione Querini Stampalia, 2007. I fratelli minori, Milan: Bompiani, 2010.Translated into English, 2012. Primo Levi, Florence: Le Monnier, 2011. Flow, Siena: Barbera, 2011. "L'inventore di se stesso", Milan, Bompiani 2017
 "Verso l'infinito", Mlan, Bompiani 2017
 "Le condizioni atmosferiche" Milan, Bompiani 2020

Notes

(1)	Minardi and Francioso, 2011. References

Generazione in movimento, edited by <mask> and Monica Francioso, Ravenna, Longo 2010
<mask> and Monica Francioso, <mask>, Florence, Cadmo 2011
Alberto della Rovere, Dialogo con <mask>ri, Zermeghedo, Edizioni Saecula 2015

1956 births
Writers from Venice
20th-century Italian writers
20th-century Italian male writers
University of Bologna alumni
Living

masks:
Enrico Palandri
Enrico Minardi
Enrico Minardi
Enrico Palandri
Enrico Paland


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<mask> (18 August 1883 – 17 September 1965) was a noted English yogi, theosophist, Sanskrit scholar, and author of numerous books, including Concentration – An Approach to Meditation, Yoga and The Pinnacle of Indian Thought (1967). Youth and education

Born in Manchester, England, <mask> was educated at the Manchester Municipal College of Technology, where he studied chemistry, physics and geology. Because of his interest in Buddhism and Yoga, he began studying Sanskrit during his late teen years. He became president of his local Theosophist chapter in 1907 at age 24, then embraced the larger world by moving in 1908 to Adyar, India, the Society's world headquarters. Theosophy

As a young man, <mask> became interested in Theosophy after listening to lectures by the theosophist Annie Besant, whose personality impressed him greatly. He joined the society's Manchester lodge and in 1908 followed Besant, who had become President of the Theosophical Society Adyar, to India. <mask> became one of her assistants, working with Besant and Charles Webster Leadbeater, who had arrived in Adyar in 1909.<mask> observed the discovery of the boy Jiddu Krishnamurti by Leadbeater, who soon declared Krishnamurti to be the vehicle for the "coming World Teacher". <mask>'s account of this discovery is in his autobiography, Is this Theosophy...?, published in 1936, and in two articles written after that. At Besant's suggestion, <mask> became involved in education, and after 1910, he served as headmaster of several schools and colleges founded by the Theosophical Society. <mask> became Professor of Physics, Principal and President of the Sind National College and the Madanapalle College, both teaching colleges of the Bombay and Madras Universities. <mask> promoted theosophical ideas, conducting lecturing tours and publishing numerous articles, essays and books on a variety of theosophical subjects, among them

masks:
Ernest Egerton Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood


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 a digest of Helena P. Blavatsky's Secret Doctrine. He lectured throughout India and travelled to many countries in Asia, Europe, and the Americas, meeting the spiritual teacher Meher Baba aboard the ship Conte Rosso in April 1932. He continued to reside in India until the close of World War II, when he relocated to the United States.<mask> become disillusioned about the future of the Theosophical Society and began to study the yoga classics. Following the Krishnamurti affair, which caused a splitting of the society, <mask> campaigned for election to the office of president after Annie Besant's death in 1933. He was defeated by George Arundale, one of Charles Leadbeater's close allies, in a campaign that <mask> later described as unfair and questionable. Disenchanted with the society's direction, but impressed with the now mature and independent Krishnamurti, <mask> turned to Yoga. Yoga

In India, <mask> had encountered many yogis and Hindu pundits. As a practising yogi, vegetarian and teetotaller, having adopted this lifestyle after reading Sir Edwin Arnold's The Light of Asia in his boyhood, he was warmly received by Indian yogis, many of whom became <mask>'s friends and advisers. During his early years in Adyar, the Head of the Vedantic Monastery Shri Shringeri Shivaganga Samasthanam in Mysore Province, Sri Jagat Guru Shankara Charya Swami, bestowed upon <mask> the title of "Shri Sattwikagraganya" in recognition of his efforts to introduce Indian pupils to Sanskrit.<mask> did not officially become a student of any Indian master. However, during a visit to New York in 1928(? ), he again met with Krishnamurti, who was leaving the Theosophical Society to become an independent teacher, renouncing the ceremonies and occult hierarchies created by the leadership of the Society. This meeting affected <mask> deeply, and he returned to the classic yoga literature as a source of inspiration.

masks: Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood


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 <mask> spent his remaining years writing and publishing on yoga. He moved to the United States, where he served for a short time as president and dean of the American Academy of Asian Studies in San Francisco, and later moved to Houston, Texas, working for the University of Houston. Shortly after his arrival in India, <mask> had begun translating the Indian classics, such as the Garuda Purana.In the late 1920s, he began a thorough study of the Yoga classics with the assistance of several Hindu scholars, leading to the publication of numerous translations of famous yoga texts such as the Bhagavad Gita, Patañjali's Yoga Sutras, Shankara's Viveka Chudamani. In his commentaries to these translations, <mask> tried to make these texts' philosophical ideas applicable to modern life. His writings contain many references to his own practical experiences in these matters. Together with his concise treatises of yoga, such as the volume Yoga, Penguin Books, 1959/62, and his earlier writings on concentration and memory training, <mask>'s works contain a complete introduction to the classic texts of Raja Yoga, or the yoga of the mind, with a sparing use of Sanskrit expressions. Later life

During their years in India, <mask> and his wife Hilda had become familiar with the pioneering educational work of Dr. Maria Montessori. In 1939, Maria Montessori was persona non grata with the fascist government of Mussolini for refusing to do its bidding. The Theosophical Society extended an invitation to her to come to Adyar, India.She accepted it and lived there from 1939 to 1948, During those years, many Montessori schools were founded in India. Hilda, <mask> and Maria Montessori were vital forces in their founding. It is reasonable to assume that, being in the same vicinity and working toward the same goals for some seven years, there must have been considerable interaction among the three. <mask> and

masks:
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Ernest Wood
Ernest
Ernest


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 Hilda made their home in Houston, Texas in the late 1950s where they became active in the Unitarian Fellowship of Houston in 1959. "Hilda focused on developing a Fellowship library and began talking about establishing a Montessori school – <mask> was frequently asked to deliver inspirational talks." They successfully opened the Montessori school in the Fall of 1962 with a student body of children of mostly Unitarian parents. Hilda and <mask> ordered all the Montessori materials and Maria Montessori's writings from England and India – none existed in the US in 1962.<mask> was president of the school's first Board of Trustees. The couple took up residence in a small cottage adjacent to the Fellowship property on Wirt Road in the Spring Branch district of Houston. They nurtured the school until <mask>'s death in 1965 and Hilda's in 1968. The Board of Trustees decided to name School of the Woods after its founders. d

<mask> died on 17 September 1965, days after finishing his translation of Shankara's Viveka Chudamani, which was posthumously published and entitled The pinnacle of Indian thought. References

Further reading

Partial List of Works

The Garuda Purana (Saroddhara). The Sacred Books of the Hindus, Vol.9. Indian Press 1911. The Seven Rays. 1925. The Intuition of the Will. The Theosophical Press 1927. An Englishman Defends Mother India.A Complete Constructive Reply to "Mother India", Ganesh & Co. 1929, revised 1930. The Occult Training of the Hindus, 1931 (republished in 1976 under the title Seven Schools of Yoga by the Theosophical Publishing House). The Song of Praise to the Dancing Shiva. Ganesh & Co. 1931. Mind and Memory Training. Theosophical Publishing House 1936. Is this Theosophy...?(Autobiography) Rider & Co. 1936. Practical Yoga, Ancient and Modern, with an Introduction by Paul Brunton. E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc. 1948. Concentration – An Approach to Meditation.

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Ernest
Ernest
Ernest Wood
Ernest
Wood


texts:
 Theosophical Publishing House 1949. The Glorius Presence, A Study of the Vedanta Philosophy and Its Relation to Modern Thought, Including a New Translation of Shankara's Ode to the South-Facing Form.Rider & Co. 1952. Great Systems of Yoga. Philosophical Library 1954. The Bhagavad Gita Explained, With a New and Literal Translation. New Century Foundation Press 1954. Yoga Dictionary. Philosophical Library 1956.Zen Dictionary. Philosophical Library 1957. Yoga. Penguin Books 1959. Revised 1962. A Study of Pleasure and Pain. The Theosophical Press 1962.Vedanta Dictionary. Philosophical Library 1964. The Pinnacle of Indian Thought, Being a new, independent translation of the Viveka Chudamani (Crest Jewel of Discrimination) with commentaries. The Theosophical Publishing House, 1967. Come Unto Me and Other Writings. The Theosophical Publishing House 2000. External links
Full text of <mask>'s 1936 autobiography, "Is this Theosophy?"Full text of Concentration. A Practical Course – With a Supplement on Meditation
Full text of Natural Theosophy
Full text of The Garuda Purana at sacred-texts.com
Full text of Great Systems of Yoga at sacred-texts.com
Short Author's Biography of E<mask> at Quest Books (http://www.questbooks.net/)
<mask>: "Clairvoyant investigations by C.W. Leadbeater on Alcyone's (or Krishnamurti's) previous lives". (with extensive notes by
<mask>: "There is no religion higher than truth", on the discovery of Jiddu Krishnamurti, his youth and upbringing and Leadbeater's role in this

English spiritual writers
English Theosophists
British people in colonial India
English yogis
1883 births
1965 deaths
English Indologists
Alumni of the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology
Schoolteachers from Greater Manchester
British Sanskrit scholars
English translators
Sanskrit–English translators
English expatriates in the United States
20th-century British

masks:
Wood
. Wood
Ernest Wood
Ernest Wood


texts: <mask> (January 3, 1906 in Oberstein, near Hamburg, Germany – February 2, 1975) was a German mathematician. He was one of the Noether boys, the doctoral students of Emmy Noether. Considered scientifically gifted but a modest mathematician, he was also an extreme Nazi, who would later take part in driving Jewish mathematicians out of the University of Göttingen. He later started work as part of a group of five mathematicians, recruited by Wilhelm Fenner, and which included Ernst Witt, Georg Aumann, Alexander Aigner, Oswald Teichmueller and Johann Friedrich Schultze, and lead by Wolfgang Franz, to form the backbone of the new mathematical research department in the late 1930s, which would eventually be called: Section IVc of Cipher Department of the High Command of the Wehrmacht (abbr. OKW/Chi). <mask> was born in 1906 in Oberstein (near Hamburg, Germany), the son of a merchant. In 1924, he graduated from the Abitur.He studied mathematics in Hamburg and at the University of Göttingen  and in 1928 he handed over the Lehramt staatsexamen (state examination) in Mathematics, Physics, Biology. <mask> took his examination for promotion of Dr. phil. in Göttingen with Emmy Noether, (who was described by Pavel Alexandrov, Albert Einstein, Jean Dieudonné, Hermann Weyl, and Norbert Wiener as the most important woman in the history of mathematics),  with a dissertation titled: Ideal theoretical interpretation of the representability of any natural numbers by square forms, (German: Idealtheoretische Deutung der Darstellbarkeit beliebiger natürlicher Zahlen durch quadratische Formen) Noether had not been

masks:
Werner Weber
Life Weber
Weber


texts:
 authorized to supervise dissertations on her own. In Göttingen, his postdoctoral scholarship was co-sponsored by Edmund Landau in 1931, with whom he had been an assistant since 1928 and whom he represented in 1933 after his leave of absence. Landau and Noether had judged his dissertation to be excellent, but <mask> was only a mediocre mathematician, and his usefulness for Landau consisted chiefly of his abilities in accurate proofreading, to which Landau devoted much attention (according to an anecdote which was then prevalent, he was able to distinguish between an Italic point and a Roman point). In 1933, Oswald Teichmüller convinced <mask> to convert to Nazism. He was involved in the publication of the Deutsche Mathematik and published a book on the Pell equation.From 1946, <mask> worked as a publishing director in Hamburg and from 1951 at the private school "Institut Dr. Brechtefeld" in Hamburg as a teacher. He left a detailed manuscript (written down before 1940) about his discussion with Hasse, which serves as an important source for the events at that time in Göttingen. Nazi Biography
<mask> was a member of the SA, but only became a Nazi on 1 May 1933 when he was given the Nazi party number 3,118,177. ),  In November 1933, he signed the Vow of allegiance of the Professors of the German Universities and High-Schools to Adolf Hitler and the National Socialistic State. Removal of Jewish mathematicians
<mask> was involved in the removal of the Jewish mathematician Edmund Landau on 2 November 1933 from the mathematics faculty at the University of Göttingen. Richard Courant was also forced out of

masks: Weber Weber Weber Weber Weber


texts:
 Göttingen in May 1933. As the leader of a group of pro-Nazi students <mask>, along with the Nazi mathematician Oswald Teichmüller, along with the SS, organized a group that commanded a boycott of   Edmund Landau's lectures.In a letter that Richard Courant wrote to Abraham Flexner, he stated:

[There] were some seventy students, partly in SS uniforms, but inside [the lecture theatre] not a soul. Every student who wanted to enter was prevented from entering by <mask>. Landau received a delegate from the students, who informed him that "Aryan students want Aryan mathematics...and requested that he refrain from giving [any more] lectures." The speaker for the students was a very young, scientifically gifted man, but completely muddled and notorious. That person was Oswald Teichmüller. Landau would leave the university soon after. Mathematical Institute

On February 13, 1934, the university Dekan (Deacon) asked <mask>, who was acting director of the mathematical institute at Göttingen, for recommendations on who should replace Hermann Weyl as new operational director.Several days later <mask> recommended, as the best mathematician, the algebraist Helmut Hasse, then working at the University of Marburg, but preferred the Nazi Udo Wegner. In 1940, <mask> would write:

On the morning of 25 April 1933, I sank into gloomy brooding over how to save German mathematics. According to <mask>: The tradition of Felix Klein that had been destroyed by the Jews, could only be awakened to a new life by one man: Wegner

The decision was made by the Nazi Theodor Vahlen, who appointed Helmut Hasse in April 1934. The Nazi

masks: Weber Weber Weber Weber Weber Weber


texts:
 were unsure if Hasse was fully committed to National Socialist policies, and tried to appoint someone to a second chair at Göttingen who was a firm Nazi supporter. Udo Wegner was a strong candidate, but the probability theorist Erhard Tornier and ardent Nazi, eventually gained the second chair. Later <mask> and other convinced national socialists, met in Göttingen with the designated new head of the Göttingen mathematical institute Helmut Hasse, who also sympathized with the Nazis, to question him about his ancestry, where <mask> and his cronies did not consider him reliable for (Nazi) party politics, due to him having a Jewish grandmother. Although Hasse was acceptable to the Nazis, he was not acceptable to <mask>, who refused to hand over the keys to the Institute.Proceedings were started against <mask> with <mask> sending a 400+ page document to Dr Mentzel of the Reich Ministry for Science Education and Adult Education. War work interrupted the proceedings. In 1945, <mask> was dismissed due to his Nazi involvement. War work
During World War II, he worked with Oswald Teichmüller in the Cipher Department of the High Command of the Wehrmacht in section IVc under Wolfgang Franz which was scientific decoding of enemy crypts, the development of code-breaking methods and working on re-cyphering systems not solved by practical decoding. The agency was managed by Erich Hüttenhain. He successfully deciphered a cypher of the Japanese diplomatic service. He also worked on cryptanalytic theory.References

Sources

1906 births
1975 deaths
German cryptographers
20th-century German mathematicians
Nazi


texts:
<mask> (born June 21, 1963) is a former professional American football wide receiver in the National Football League for the Dallas Cowboys, San Francisco 49ers, New York Giants, and Denver Broncos. He played college football at UCLA. Early years
Sherrard attended Chico High School in Chico, California, where he was a multi-sport athlete, lettering in football, basketball, baseball and track. He moved on to UCLA as an unrecruited walk-on athlete and was redshirted after breaking his finger in fall practice. The next year, he suffered from mononucleosis when he reported for spring practice and registered only 2 receptions during the season, while backing up wide receivers Dokie Williams and Jo-Jo Townsell. Sherrard became a starter as a sophomore in 1983, posting 48 receptions (school record) for 709 yards. He also was the first player in school history to have 2 games of more than 135 receiving yards; 136 yards against the University of Washington and 140 yards against Arizona State University.The next year, he had 43 catches, becoming the first player in school history to have two seasons with more than 40 receptions, while also tallying a career-high 729 receiving yards. As a senior, he was having his best season until breaking his clavicle in the first half of the fifth game against Arizona State University. He missed five contests and returned for the season finale against USC. He also played in the 1986 Rose Bowl 45-28 win against the University of Iowa, where he had 4 receptions and one touchdown. Sherrard left as the school's all-time leading receiver in a season and a career with 124 receptions for 1,937 yards and 9 touchdowns. Professional career

Dallas Cowboys
In the 1986 NFL Draft the Dallas Cowboys traded up from the 20th to the 18th position with the San Francisco 49ers, in exchange for a fifth round draft choice (#131-Patrick Miller), in order to select Sherrard, who became only the second wide receiver ever drafted by the franchise in the first round


texts:
 (Dennis Homan was the first one in 1968). Sherrard started what seemed to be a very promising NFL career, becoming a starter in the thirteenth game against the Seattle Seahawks.He played in all 16 games (4 starts), registering 41 receptions for 744 yards, an 18.2-yard average (led the team) and 5 receiving touchdowns (led the team). At the time his totals ranked third for most receptions, third for most receiving yards, and second for most receiving touchdowns by a rookie in franchise history. In 1987, he came into training camp as the Cowboys best wide receiver, but was lost for the year when he was tripped by a defender during a scrimmage on August 5, shattering two bones (the tibia and fibula) in his right leg. He also missed the 1988 season, when he re-fractured his right leg tibia and also the shin bone, while jogging on a Santa Monica beach as part of his rehab treatment in March. San Francisco 49ers
The San Francisco 49ers signed Sherrard in Plan B free agency in 1989, but put him on the Physically Unable to Perform list for the entire regular season, allowing him plenty of time to heal for the playoffs, where he caught 3 passes for 40 yards and was a part of the Super Bowl XXIV winning team. In 1990, he was off to a solid start, but broke his right fibula in a 20-17 win over the Cleveland Browns during the seventh game and was placed on the injured reserve list on October 29. He finished with 17 receptions for 264 yards and 2 touchdowns.The next season, he played in all 16 games, posting 24 receptions for 296 yards and 2 touchdowns. In 1992, he appeared in all 16 games (8 starts), tallying 38 catches for 607 yards, including 6 catches for 159 yards against the Buffalo Bills. New York Giants
On April 7, 1993, he signed as a free agent with the New York Giants. He was off to a great start with 24 receptions for 433 yards and 2 touchdowns through the first 6 games, but lost the rest of the season after suffering a partially dislocated left hip and a fractured hip


texts:
 socket against the Philadelphia Eagles. He also had injury complications when he was diagnosed as having a blood clot on the same hip. His best professional season came in 1994, when he had career-highs in starts (14), receptions (53), receiving yards (825) and touchdowns (6). The next year, although he missed most of the preseason with a hamstring injury, he played in 13 games (13 starts), catching 44 receptions for 577 yards and 4 touchdowns.He missed the 12th and 13th games with a ruptured blood vessel above his right knee. Denver Broncos
On May 5, 1996, he signed as a free agent with the Denver Broncos, where he only played one season as a reserve, before announcing his retirement on August 6, 1997. Sherrard persevered through multiple injuries and doubts about his future, to play 11 seasons in the NFL, recording 257 receptions for 3,931 yards and 22 touchdowns. Personal life
<mask>'s mother Cherrie, ran the 80-yard hurdles in the 1964 Summer Olympics, where she was a teammate of Bob Hayes. She won a gold medal in the 1967 Pan American Games. His father Robert, played college basketball, semi-pro baseball and was a college professor at California State University. He is a cousin of Pro Football Hall of Fame cornerback Darrell Green.After retirement, Sherrard worked as a fundraiser for Autism Speaks. He currently lives in Westlake Village, California with his daughter and two sons and is involved in television production. In 2010, he was hired as the wide receivers coach at Oaks Christian School. In 2014, he was the offensive coordinator at Oaks Christian. In 2015, he was hired as the wide receivers coach at Newbury Park High School. References

External links

1963 births
Living people
American football wide receivers
Dallas Cowboys players
Denver Broncos players
New York Giants players
San Francisco 49ers players
UCLA Bruins football players
High school football coaches in California
Sportspeople from Chico, California
Players of American football from


texts:
<mask> is a Lebanese-born American artist, author, and art professor. He currently teaches art at George Mason University in northern Virginia. His highly realistic paintings have strong narrative social and political elements. Frenn is a former Fulbright Scholar, and currently resides in the Greater Washington, D.C. area. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Zahlé, Lebanon. Frenn immigrated to the United States in 1981 and lived for several years in Boston, where he studied art and received a BFA from the Massachusetts College of Art and Design in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1985 and completed his MFA at Tyler School of Art of Temple University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and at Temple Abroad in Rome, Italy, in 1988. He has taught art at Bridgewater State College in Bridgewater, Massachusetts; Montserrat College of Art in Beverly, Massachusetts; and Edinboro University of Pennsylvania in Edinboro, Pennsylvania.He is currently an associate professor at George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia, where he received a Teaching Excellence Award in 2009. Exhibitions
Frenn has exhibited widely in the United States, Europe, the Middle East, and his work has been widely reviewed by major newspapers and significant art critics. His work has been exhibited at the Hoyt Institute of Fine Arts in New Castle, Pennsylvania; Housatonic Museum of Art in Bridgeport, Connecticut; Erie Art Museum in Erie, Pennsylvania; Arnot Art Museum in Elmira, New York; and the Sursock Museum in Beirut, Lebanon. Frenn's paintings are also in the permanent collection of The Housatonic Museum of Art in Bridgeport, Connecticut and the Springfield Museum of Art in Springfield, Ohio. Solo exhibitions
 1985     Raison d'Etre. Tower Gallery, Massachusetts College of Art and Design. Boston, MA
 1987     The Quest.Tyler Gallery, Tyler School of Art. Philadelphia, PA

masks:
Chawky Frn
Chawky Frn


texts:
 1988     Your Tragedy is Mine. Temple Abroad Gallery. Rome, Italy
 1988     Your Tragedy is Mine. Basilica San Lorenzo Maggiore. Milan, Italy
 1991     Active Meditation. Laura Knott Gallery, Bradford College.Bradford, MA
 1991     Dolls' Heads. Goforth Rittenhouse Galleries. Philadelphia, PA
 1992     A Living Trail. McKillop Gallery, Salve Regina University. Newport, RI
 1993     Shared Solitude. The Lowe Gallery. Atlanta, GA
 1993     Reckless Peace.Alif Gallery. Washington, DC
 1994     Big. Works of Surprising Size and Impact. The Art Center in Hargate, St. Paul's School. Concord, NH
 1995     Art for Life's Sake. Carnegie Arts Center. Covington, KY
 1996     Tomb to Womb.Anderson Gallery, Bridgewater State College. Bridgewater, MA
 1996     Sacra Conversazione. Bromfield Gallery. Boston, MA
 1997     Sacra Conversazione. Olaf Clasen Gallery. Cologne, Germany
 1997     Silence. Galerie Septentrion.Marcq-en-Baroeul, France
 1998     Wandering. Voss Gallery. Düsseldorf, Germany
 2003 - 04  For Show or For Sure? Upper Jewett Exhibition Corridor, Dartmouth College. Hanover, NH
 2000     Thanatos and Eros. Passions Gallery. Provincetown, MA
 2000-02 Ecce Homo.Traveling exhibition: Housatonic Museum of Art
 Johnson Center and Fine Arts Galleries, George Mason University. Fairfax, VA. 15 Jan – 9 Feb, 2001
 The Art Center in Hargate, St. Paul's School. Concord, NH. 11 Jan – 9 Feb, 2002
 Sarrat Gallery, Vanderbilt University. Nashville, TN. 2 – 27 Nov, 2000
 The Hoyt Institute of Fine Arts. New Castle, PA. 24 Apr – 25 May 2001
 2002     Thanatos and Eros.Horizon Gallery. Santa Fe, NM
 Housatonic Museum of Art. Bridgeport, CT. 8 Jun – 20 Jul, 2001
 Erie Art Museum. Erie, PA. 22 Sep – 28 Dec, 2001
 2002     The Holy Cost. Fraser Gallery. Bethesda, MD
 2004     US and THEM. Fraser Gallery.Bethesda, MD
 2005     What is Truth? Washington


texts:
 Theological Union. Washington, DC
 2006     Art for Life's Sake. The Art Center, American University of Beirut. Beirut, Lebanon
 2006     Human, Not Too Human. Fraser Gallery. Bethesda, MD
 2007     Missa Pro Pace.Arlington Arts Center. Arlington, VA
 2009     Can humankind save itself? Lamar Dodd Art Center, LaGrange College. LaGrange, GA
 2012     Introspection: The Universal In The Personal. Cynthia Nouhra Art Gallery. Beirut, Lebanon
 2012     Be the change you seek! BlackRock Center for the Arts.Germantown, MD
 2013     We the People. Hess Gallery, Pine Manor College. Chestnut Hill, MA
 2014     We the People. Nestor Gallery. Milton Academy, Milton, MA

Museum exhibitions and international art fairs
 1986  National April Salon. Springville Museum of Art. Springville, UT
 1987  Harrisburg Arts Festival.State Museum of Pennsylvania. Harrisburg, PA
 National April Salon. Springville Museum of Art. Springville, UT
 1989  Springfield Art League 70th Annual Exhibition. Springfield Museum of Fine Arts and George Walker Vincent Smith Art Museum. Springfield, MA
 1991  Tenth Annual September Competition. Alexandria Museum of Art.Alexandria, LA
 Juried Exhibition. Attleboro Museum. Attleboro, MA
 1992  ANA 21. The Holter Museum of Art. Helena, MT
 1993  28th Annual Exhibition. The Fine Arts Institute of the San Bernardino County Museum. Redlands, CA
 Winter International Competition.The Florida Museum of Hispanic and Latin American Art. Miami, FL
 1994  Hoyt National Art Show. The Hoyt Institute of Fine Arts. New Castle, PA
 Staten Island Biennial. Staten Island Institute of Arts and Sciences. Staten Island, NY
 1995  XIX Salon d’Automne. Sursock Museum.Beirut, Lebanon
 30th Annual Exhibition. The Fine Arts Institute of the San Bernardino County Museum. Redlands, CA
 1997  XXI Salon d’Automne. Sursock Museum. Beirut, Lebanon
 1998  XXII


texts:
 Salon d’Automne. Sursock Museum. Beirut, Lebanon
 16th Annual September Competition.Alexandria Museum of Art. Alexandria, LA
 New Voices/New Visions. New The Alternative Museum. New York, NY
 16th Contemporary Art Fair. ArtBrussels. Represented by Voss Gallery. Brussels, Belgium
 2001-02  Re-presenting Representation 5.Arnot Art Museum. Elmira, NY
 2001 Housatonic Museum of Art, Bridgeport, CT
 2002  The Affordable Art Fair. Gescheidle. New York, NY
 2004  20th Contemporary Art Fair. MAC 2000. Espace Champerret. Paris, France
 2005  73rd Annual Cumberland Valley Artists Exhibition.Washington County Museum of Fine Arts. Hagerstown, MD
 2006  Slow Painting: A Determined Renaissance. Oglethorpe University Museum of Art. Atlanta, GA
 2007  Aachen to Arlington / Arlington to Aachen: Imaging the Distance. Ludwig Forum für Internationale Kunst. Aachen, Germany. Curators: Harold Kunde, Director of the Ludwig Forum für Internationale Kunst, Claire Huschle and Carol Lukitsch.ARTDC Washington First Annual International Modern & Contemporary Art Fair. April 27 – 30 Washington Convention Center. Washington, DC
 Exhibition 280. Huntington Museum of Art. Huntington, WV
 Convergence: New Art From Lebanon. The Katzen American University Museum. Washington, DC
 2012  Galvanized Truth – A Tribute to George Nick.Duxbury Art Complex Museum. Duxbury, MA
 2013  Beirut Art Fair. September 19–22. Cynthia Nouhra Art Gallery. Beirut International Exhibition & Leisure center (BIEL). Beirut, Lebanon
 Beirut Bloom Contemporary Art Fair. April 17–27.Cynthia Nouhra Art Gallery. Artheum. Beirut, Lebanon
 2014 Beirut Art Fair. September 19–21. Cynthia Nouhra Art Gallery. Beirut International Exhibition & Leisure center (BIEL). Beirut, Lebanon
2019 Radius 250, March 22 - April 21, 2019.Art Space, Richmond, VA.
2021 Inside Outside, Upside Down, July 17-September 12, 2021.


texts:
 The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC. Books
Frenn is the author of the following books
 100 Boston Artists Atglen, PA: Schiffer Books. 100 Boston Painters Atglen, PA: Schiffer Books. Art for Life’s Sake Fine Arts Consulting and Publishing. Ecce Homo Nassar Design: Beirut, Lebanon. Reviews
A New York Times review in 2001 described him as “a painter who has nailed down the figurative mode, and this accomplishment gives him the license to convey anything he wants, including the grand theme: the elusive meaning of human existence.”

A Washington Post review in 2004 added that Frenn is “an artist's artist (as opposed to a critic's artist).” In that same year, in discussing an exhibition of Frenn's works at Darmouth The Lebanon Daily Star newspaper noted that "you might think it would take a lot to upstage an artist like Damien Hirst, but earlier this year Chawky Frenn did so with ease."American art critic Donald Kuspit wrote that “He constructs a spiritual space in which the contemporary public can feel emotionally at home, however troubling the emotions his imagery evokes in them.”

Washington Life Magazine described Frenn in 2009 as an "influential metro area visual artist." References

External links

 Vision Series: "Chawky Frenn - “Art and Social Justice”, Lecture, George Mason University Television, February 4, 2013

Living people
20th-century American painters
21st-century American painters
American male painters
Modern painters
Artists from Washington, D.C.
Lebanese American
Lebanese artists
Artists from Boston
Painters from Washington, D.C.
George Mason University faculty
Temple University Tyler School of Art alumni
Massachusetts College of Art and Design alumni
Artists from Virginia
Arab-American culture in Washington, D.C. Writers from Washington, D.C.
Lebanese writers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Montserrat College


texts:
<mask> (traditional Chinese: ) (born 8 March 1972) is a Singaporean race car driver. <mask> is Singapore's most successful professional racing driver. In 2002, he was crowned Asian Formula 2000 Champion, becoming the first Singaporean to win an international motorsports title. In 2005, he went on to become the first Singaporean to compete in Europe when he raced in the Formula Palmer Audi Euro Series. In 2006, he established his own Formula V6 Asia race team to compete in the regions then premier series, finishing 5th overall as driver and team owner. Later that year, he was given the honor to represent Singapore in A1GP, the World Cup of Motorsports. He raced for A1 Team Singapore in the 2006/2007 season with a best place finish of 18th overall.<mask> also had a successful career in the automotive industry, initially as brand manager for Lotus Cars Singapore from 2004 to 2005 and subsequently as brand manager for McLaren Singapore from 2011 to 2013. In 2015, he was appointed CEO of Johor Motorsports, the company tasked with redeveloping the iconic Johor Circuit in Malaysia. <mask> currently competes in various international endurance events, like the 24h Dubai, 12h Gulf and 12h Sepang. In 2014, he competed in the Asian Le Mans Series for the first time and eventually finished runner up in the drivers championship (CN category). In 2015, he went one better and clinched the Asian Le Mans Series Drivers Champion title (CN category) once again becoming the first Singaporean to do so. Karting
<mask> started karting at the age of 9 and continued to do so while he was studying in Australia. When he got back to Singapore he was fortunate enough to be sponsored by the premier kart racing team: Kartmaster.It was a golden opportunity to prove himself and he did

masks:
Denis Lian
Denis Lian
Denis
Denis
Denis


texts:
 not disappoint, placing on the podium at every single race entered. By the age of 21, he was runner-up in the  Singapore National Karting Championship and had finished third overall in the 1993 International Kart Prix. Karting to Formula 2000

<mask> made his transition to car racing in 1994 while competing in the Australian Club Racing series. He quickly worked his way up the club ranks by winning every race he entered. In 1999 he was invited by the series organizer to join the Asian Formula 2000 Championship. In his first race at Johor Circuit, <mask> qualified 5th on the grid and finished 5th in the race. In 2001 he competed full-time in Formula 2000 and clinched 3rd overall that season.Then in 2002, he became the overall champion by winning three races that season and qualified in pole position twice, breaking two lap records along the way. By doing so, <mask> established himself as the first Singaporean to ever win an international motorsports title. From Asia to the world
In 2005, <mask> became the first Singaporean to compete in Europe when he entered the Formula Palmer Audi Euroseries halfway through the season. With no prior testing done in the series, he stunned the press by finishing in the top five at all the classic European race venues. A year after, A1 Team Singapore asked him to join them in their first-ever season of A1 Grand Prix. In 2006 <mask> also competed in the Formula V6 Asia by Renault as the only team owner and driver. He finished 5th overall in that series.Endurance Racing
Even though he's enjoyed a long and successful Formula car career, <mask> has always shown a strong affinity towards Endurance racing early on. From 2001 to 2010, he was a factory nominated driver for TVR Malaysia, Lotus Cars Asia Pacific, Proton R3 and

masks: Denis Denis Denis Denis Denis Denis


texts:
 Empire Motorsports Lotus, competing for the respective manufacturers in various international endurance races. He has driven and helped develop an eclectic mix of GT cars, ranging from the TVR Chimera GTS, Lotus Elise S1, 340R, Exige S1/S2 and 2-Eleven GT4

<mask> currently competes in the Asian Le Mans Series where he races in the CN category with Team Avelon Formula. He won the 2015/2016 Asian Le Mans Drivers Championship. Personal life
<mask>UBA dives and sails for pleasure. He also has a Private Pilots Licence (PPL) and indulges in flying aerobatics occasionally. Achievements
2015/2016 Asian Le Mans Series Drivers Champion (CN Category).2 wins and 1 pole position. 2nd overall, 2014 Asian Le Mans Series Drivers Championship (CN Category). 2nd & 3rd in Class (ProAm), 2013 Lamborghini Super Trofeo Asia Series, Korea Inje Circuit. 3rd overall, Malaysian Super Series Rd.2 Sepang. 2nd overall, 12h Gulf Endurance race. Abu Dhabi YAS Marina Circuit. Wolf Racing endurance debut
2007 to 2010 Empire Motosports Lotus.Competing in 12h MME and 24h Dubai Endurance event. 5th overall, 2006 Formula V6 Asia Championship. Raced for A1GP Team Singapore at the 2006 Czech Republic Grand Prix, 18th overall (1st Singaporean Grand Prix driver). Practiced at the Dutch Grand Prix but did not race on medical grounds
Mid season participation in the 2005 Formula Palmer Audi Championship. 8th overall at Spa, 6th overall Monza and 5th overall Brands Hatch (1st Singaporean to compete in Europe). Works driver for Proton R3 Motorsports, 4th overall, 2004 Merdeka Millennium Endurance race. Works driver for TVR Malaysia, 8th overall, 2003 Merdeka Millennium Endurance race.4th overall, 2002 Macau Grand Prix, Asian Formula 2000 Challenge. 2002 Asian Formula 2000 Champion. 3 wins, 2

masks:
Denis
Denis SC


texts:
 pole-positions and 2 lap records (1st Singaporean to win an International Motorsports championship). Works driver for Lotus Cars Asia Pacific, 2002 Merdeka 12hr Endurance race. 3rd overall, 2001 Asian Formula 2000 Championship. Works driver for Lotus Cars Asia Pacific, 2002 Merdeka Millennium Endurance race (1st Singaporean to compete in the Merdeka Millennium Endurance race). 4th overall, 2000 Asian Formula 2000 Championship (round 2 spot entry).2nd overall, 2000 Caltex Subaru Rally Challenge (2WD Class). 3rd overall, 2000 Singapore Tour de Rally (2WD Class)
5th overall, 1999 Asian Formula 2000 Championship (round 11 spot entry. Debut formula car race). 11th overall, 1999 Sepang F1 Grand Prix support race,   Proton GTi Challenge. 1st overall, 1997 Melbourne Asian Car Race (Australia), driving a Group N Subaru WRX. 2 overall wins in the 1997 Australian Club Car Series, driving a Group N Subaru WRX. 2nd overall, 1993 Singapore National Karting Championship, scoring the most FTD’s.3rd overall, 1993 CIK International Kart Prix (ICA). Complete A1 Grand Prix results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

References

1972 births
A1 Team Singapore drivers
Formula V6 Asia drivers
Living people
Singaporean people of Chinese descent
Singaporean racing drivers
Asian Le Mans Series


texts:
<mask> (born in Beirut in 1954), is an Iraqi British architect, professor and author. She graduated from the AA School of Architecture in 1977 and from the Royal College of Art in London in 1987, where she did her doctorate. She worked with the Egyptian architect Hassan Fathy in Cairo, in 1975-6 and in 1984–5. She was appointed architectural advisor to the UAE minister Shaykh Sultan Bin Zayed Al Nahyan in 2001–2004 on The Shaykh Zayed Grand Mosque project and other projects in Abu Dhabi. In 2008, she established with colleagues in Yemen, the Daw'an Mud Brick Architecture Foundation in Hadramut (Yemen) and has been working there on earth construction and rehabilitation projects. Career
<mask>‘il Domes, Shaklanza Mosque in Shihr and Shaykh Ya‘qub Dome in Mukalla These projects were funded by the Prince Claus Fund of the Netherlands and the Cultural Protection Fund of the British Council, United Kingdom.In 2014, <mask> was the first woman architect invited to give the Leçon Inaugurale at the École de Chaillot in Paris, the tenth in the series. This was published in The Other Architecture: Geometry, Earth and the Vernacular, (Paris, 2015) and formed an overview of her work and research. She was elected Member of the Académie d’Architecture in Paris in 2017, and awarded the Académie d’Architecture's Restoration Award (silver medal) in 2015. In 2012 she received The Global Award for Sustainable Architecture

masks:
Salma Samar Damluji
Damlujima
Damluji


texts:
 in 2012, from the Cité d'architecture & du Patrimoine and the Locus Foundation. In 2013, she was appointed to the Mu‘allim Awad Binaldin Chair for Professor of Architecture in the Islamic World, at the American University of Beirut. <mask> was senior tutor at the Architectural Association (AA) Graduate School and at the Royal College of Art (RCA) in London (UK). She has several titles published on earth and vernacular architecture of the Arab region.Her publications include Hassan Fathy: Earth & Utopia (2018), The Architecture of Yemen (2007) and The Architecture of Oman (1998). A new edition of The Architecture of Yemen and its Reconstruction will be published in 2020. She has curated several exhibitions on her work in London (at the RCA and RIBA), in Paris, Venice and in Madrid. Publications

Books
 Hassan Fathy: Earth & Utopia, (Laurence King Publishing, London 2018)
 The Other Architecture: Geometry, Earth and Vernacular (Leçon Inaugurale de l’École de Chaillot), Paris 2015, French and English. (Short listed by the Académie d’Architecture for the Prix du Livre d’Architecture in November 2015)
 Al Diwan Al Amiri, Doha, Qatar, Laurence King Publishing, London 2013
 Earth Architecture, Architectural Landmarks Wadi Hadramut & Daw‘an, Earth Architecture Conference Say’un- February 2011, Beirut 2011
 Editor. The Sheikh Zayed Al Nahayan Mosque Abu Dhabi: Italian Excellence in The UAE, Fantini Mosaici,


texts:
 Milano 2009
 The Architecture of Yemen From Yafi’ to Hadramut, Laurence King Publishing, London 2007
 The Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque, Apex Publishing, Muscat 2007
 The Architecture of the UAE, Garnet Publishing, Reading 2006
 The Architecture of Oman, Reading 1998
 Editor. The Architecture of the Prophet's Holy Mosque Madinah, London 1998
 Editor.The Architecture of the Holy Mosque Makkah, London 1998
 Zillij The Art of Moroccan Ceramics, with John Hedgecoe; Reading 1992 (French Edition 1993)
 General Editor, Islamic Art and Architecture, The System of Geometric Design Issam El Said; Tarek El Bouri & Keith Critchlow, Reading 1993
 The Valley of Mud Brick Architecture Shibam, Tarim and Wadi Hadramut, Reading 1992 (Arabic Edition, Beirut 1996)
 A Yemen Reality; Architecture Sculptured in Mud and Stone, Reading 1991
 Editor. The Visual Diary of an Arab Architect, Maath Alousi, Beirut & London 1983

Book chapters
 http://www.gallimard.fr/Catalogue/GALLIMARD/Alternatives/Architecture-Alternatives/Sustainable-design-8 ‘Ammar Khammash Portrait' in Sustainable Design 8: Towards a new Ethics for Architecture and the City, Contal, Marie-Hélène and Revedin, Jana, Architecture - Alternatives Gallimard Editions, Paris, 2020 (pp.124-131). ‘A Mosque & Saint Domes in Wadi Sah: Hadramut (YEMEN)’, in earth construction & tradition vol 2 Ed. Hubert Feiglstorfer, IVA-ICRA (Institute for Comparative Research on


texts:
 Architecture) Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, 2018 (pp. 313–337). ‘Re-inventing M‘alula’  in Wave 2017 | Syria (Syria the Making of the Future + 26 workshops), Incipit (Italy), 2017
 ‘La Médina et le renouveau de la ville nomade [The Medina and nomad urban renewal]’, in La Ville Rebelle, Ed. Jana Revedin, Paris, 2015
 "Salma Samar Damluji"’ in Sustainable Design III, vers une nouvelle ´ethique pour l’architecture et la ville, Contal, Marie-Hélène and Revedin, Jana, Paris, 2014 (pp.82-95).2018 Italian Beauty: the video of the award ceremony
<mask> <mask> Damluji, Daw‘an Architecture Foundation, Entrevue diffusée dans l'exposition "Réenchanter le monde: architecture, ville, transitions" présentée à la Cité de l'architecture et du patrimoine du mercredi 21 mai 2014 au lundi 6 octobre 2014
Earth Earth, with Roger Moukarzel, for Re-enchant the World Exhibition, Cité de l’Architecture & du Patrimoine, 2014
Leçon Inaugurale de l’école de Chaillot, Cité de l’Architecture et du Patrimoine, 3 March 2014
Sun Dust: Shibam with Roger Moukarzel, 2013

Daw‘an Mud Brick Architecture Foundation
Daw‘an Mud Brick Architecture Foundation was established in 2007-8 by <mask> <mask> <mask> and her colleagues in Yemen, Dr Abdullah BaGhumyan and Architect Ali Ba Saad. The foundation sets up projects and seeks funding to design and construct with Hadrami builders using earth materials and techniques of Yemeni

masks: Salma Samar Salma Samar Damluji


texts:
 architecture. Projects completed
Masna‘at ‘Urah  Location: Wadi Daw‘an Date: 2006 – 2013
‘Aynat Mosque: Masjid al Faqih  Location: ‘Aynat- Wadi Hadramut Date: 2008 – 2011
‘Umar Ba Wazir Mosque Location: Ghayl ‘Umar- Sah, Wadi Hadramut Date: 2008 – 2010

Wali Domes (Saint Shrines) Location: Sah, Wadi Hadramut Date: 2008 – 2010
Husn Qarn Majid Location: Wadi Daw‘an Date: 2012 – 2014
Shibam’s Housing The BaSahi House - The BaSwatayn House Location: Shibam, Wadi Hadramut Date: 2012 – 2014
Post-War Shibam Shibam Gateway Shibam Palace Entrance Location: Shibam, Wadi Hadramut Date: 2017 – 2019
A grant was approved by the British Council, Cultural Protection Fund (CPF), for a project on ‘Post-war Reconstruction and Rehabilitation in Yemen’, directed by the CER-Net Prince Claus Fund. The Daw‘an Architecture Foundation was contracted to manage and implement the project in partnership with the Office of the Governor of Hadramut. The project concerns reconstructing cultural sites and landmarks in Hadramut that have been targeted in the war:

Shaykh Ya‘qub Dome Location: Al Mukallah, Hadramut Date: 2019 – 2020

Shaklanza Mosque Location: Al Shihr, Hadramut Date: 2019 – 2020
Al Habib Hamad Bin Salih Domes Location: Al Shihr, Hadramut Date: 2019 – 2020
Bin Isma‘il Domes Location: Al Shihr, Hadramut Date: 2019 – 2020

References

British architects
British writers
British women architects
British women writers
1954


texts:
<mask> (August 24, 1886 – September 6, 1967) was an American naval architect of the mid twentieth century. Though he began his career as an attorney, after World War I, he became recognized as a skilled project manager in the restoration of a former German ocean liner for American use. In 1922, in partnership with his brother <mask>, he began the firm which would eventually become Gibbs & Cox; they were among the major designers of World War II era warships and cargo vessels, including the Liberty ships and Fletcher-class destroyers. <mask> was a pioneer in the areas of efficient hull design and propulsion, along with being an staunch advocate for high standards of fire prevention and hull integrity. Although the Liberty ships were designed with a priority of production simplicity and economy, other <mask> designs tended to be sturdy, light, fast, safe, and enduring. In the late 1940s and early 1950s the <mask> brothers were among the promoters leading the United States government and military to subsidize the cost of building the ultimate ocean liner. In the end <mask> and Cox was awarded the contract to design and supervise the building of SS United States, which entered service in 1952.While in the class of the largest liners, it was much lighter and considerably faster than contemporary vessels. It was built with a high emphasis on safety, using a minimum of flammable materials. Early years

<mask> was born in Philadelphia to financier <mask> <mask> and Frances Ayres (Johnson<mask>. He graduated from the DeLancey School in 1905 then entered Harvard College where he followed his own curriculum of science and engineering, studying plans of British battleships in his dormitory room. He

masks:
William Francis Gibbs
Frederic Herbert Gibbs
Gibbs
Gibbs
Gibbs
Gibbs
Gibbs
William Warren
Gibbs
) Gibbs


texts:
 left without a degree in 1910. He then attended Columbia Law School from 1911 to 1913, receiving a Bachelor of Law and Master of Arts in economics, both in 1913. At his father's request, he practiced law for the next two years.While working as a lawyer, <mask> visited the family home each weekend and, together with his brother Frederic Herbert <mask>, began designs for a  long ocean liner, each capable of producing 180,000 horsepower. The design had progressed to a point that he left the law firm in May 1915; in January 1916 the brothers presented their plans to Admiral David W. Taylor and Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels. The response was encouraging, and the brothers, with the financial backing of J. P. Morgan and the United States Navy, then approached the International Mercantile Marine Company (IMMC) later that year. Although a model was tested in the Experimental Model Basin at the Washington Navy Yard, World War I put an end to these early designs. <mask> became Chief of Construction for IMMC in 1919. Gibbs & Cox

In February 1922 the <mask> brothers started their own naval architecture firm, Gibbs Brothers, Inc.; their first major contract was to convert the former German liner Vaterland into the American luxury liner . When shipbuilders Blohm + Voss asked over $1 million for the original plans, <mask> decided to draw his own.Between 100 and 150 draftsmen documented the existing ship and designed its new layout. Gibbs Brothers was renamed Gibbs & Cox in 1929. The Gibbs designed a series of four trim white-hulled ocean liners for the Matson Lines service to Hawaii, starting with the design of  in 1924. Malolo was built at William Cramp & Sons under the Gibbs Brothers' exacting

masks: Gibbs Gibbs Gibbs Gibbs Gibbs


texts: supervision and tolerances. At the time she was launched, Malolo was the largest and fastest passenger liner built in the United States. During sea trials in May 1927, Malolo was rammed by ; the Gibbs brothers' modern design and safety features were credited with keeping the disabled ship afloat while she was towed back to the yard. Three sister ships to Malolo would be built in the 1930s:  and  in 1931 and  in 1932.The Grace Line contracted with Gibbs & Cox for four smaller 9,000 ton ocean liners in 1930, receiving the , , , and  in 1932. Gibbs & Cox also designed the  for the United States Lines, which was completed in 1940. All nine of these ships served as U.S. troopships in the war. During the war, Gibbs & Cox created plans for thousands of American warships and cargo vessels, including destroyers, LST landing craft, minesweepers, tankers, cruisers, and Liberty ships. Between 1940 through 1946, 63 per cent of all merchant ships of 2,000 tons up and 74 per cent of all American naval vessels (destroyers, landing craft, escort carriers, etc.) were built to the designs or working plans of Gibbs & Cox. After the war, the <mask> brothers were among the promoters for the US government and military to subsidize the construction and operation of a new 1,000-foot ocean liner.After overcoming resistance in the Truman administration for government involvement and competing designs, Gibbs & Cox was awarded the contract to design and supervise the construction of the . This ship was the culmination of <mask> career, and he was fastidious in the incorporation of fire safety concepts, to the point that the United States surpassed most present day passenger ships in fire prevention and containment. The

masks: Gibbs Gibbs


texts:
 design was also revolutionary in the use of lightweight materials and construction techniques, including a welded hull and aluminum superstructure. While rivaling the largest liners for physical size, she was much lighter, enabling higher speeds. The United States entered service in 1952, after five years of design and 28 months of construction. On her maiden voyage, she won the Blue Riband as the fastest ship to cross the Atlantic Ocean, averaging , and reducing the crossing time by 10 hours. Between 1952 and 1969, the ship completed 400 voyages, with an excellent safety record.She was the largest liner ever built in the United States and the fastest liner built anywhere. While fast and safe, she was panned by some passengers, as the use of exclusively fireproof materials in the décor and furnishings limited the aesthetic and luxury appeal. Later years

In 1953 <mask> was awarded the Franklin Institute's Franklin Medal. In 1955 he was awarded the first Elmer A. Sperry Award. He died in New York City on September 6, 1967, two weeks after his 81st birthday. Fulton-Gibbs Hall, the marine engineering building at the United States Merchant Marine Academy at Kings Point, New York, is named in honor or <mask>, along with Robert Fulton. The Gibbs Brothers Medal, awarded by the United States National Academy of Sciences for outstanding contributions in the field of naval architecture and marine engineering, was established by a gift from <mask> and his brother.References

Further reading

1886 births
1967 deaths
Harvard College alumni
Columbia Law School alumni
Engineers from Pennsylvania
American naval architects
Burials at Princeton Cemetery
Benjamin Franklin Medal (Franklin Institute)

masks: Gibbs Gibbs Gibbs


texts:
<mask>-<mask>'Aurevilly (2 November 1808 – 23 April 1889) was a French novelist and short story writer. He specialised in mystery tales that explored hidden motivation and hinted at evil without being explicitly concerned with anything supernatural. He had a decisive influence on writers such as Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, Henry James, Leon Bloy, and Marcel Proust. Biography
<mask>-<mask> — the d'Aurevilly was a later inheritance from a childless uncle — was born at Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte, Manche in Lower Normandy. In 1827 he went to the Collège Stanislas de Paris. After getting his baccalauréat in 1829, he went to Caen University to study law, taking his degree three years later. As a young man, he was a liberal and an atheist, and his early writings present religion as something that meddles in human affairs only to complicate and pervert matters.In the early 1840s, however, he began to frequent the Catholic and legitimist salon of Baroness Amaury de Maistre, niece of Joseph de Maistre. In 1846 he converted to Roman Catholicism. His greatest successes as a literary writer date from 1852 onwards, when he became an influential literary critic at the Bonapartist paper Le Pays, helping to rehabilitate Balzac and effectually promoting Stendhal, Flaubert, and Baudelaire. Paul Bourget describes <mask> as an idealist, who

masks:
Jules
Amédée Barbey d
Jules
Amédée Barbey
Barbey


texts:
 sought and found in his work a refuge from the uncongenial ordinary world. <mask>, a less sympathetic critic, thought the extraordinary crimes of his heroes and heroines, his reactionary opinions, his dandyism and snobbery were a caricature of Byronism. Beloved of fin-de-siècle decadents, <mask> d'Aurevilly remains an example of the extremes of late romanticism. <mask> d'Aurevilly held strong Catholic opinions, yet wrote about risqué subjects, a contradiction apparently more disturbing to the English than to the French themselves.<mask> d'Aurevilly was also known for having constructed his own persona as a dandy, adopting an aristocratic style and hinting at a mysterious past, though his parentage was provincial bourgeois nobility, and his youth comparatively uneventful. Inspired by the character and ambience of Valognes, he set his works in the society of Normand aristocracy. Although he himself did not use the Norman patois, his example encouraged the revival of vernacular literature in his home region. <mask> <mask> d'Aurevilly died in Paris and was buried in the cimetière du Montparnasse. During 1926 his remains were transferred to the churchyard in Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte. Works

Fiction
 Le Cachet d’Onyx (1831). Léa (1832).L'Amour Impossible (1841). La Bague d’Annibal (1842). Une vieille maîtresse (A Former Mistress,

masks:
Jules Lemaître
Barbey
Barbey
Barbey
Jules Amédée
Barbey


texts:
 1851)
 L'Ensorcelée (The Bewitched, 1852; an episode of the royalist rising among the Norman peasants against the first republic). Le Chevalier Des Touches (1863)
 Un Prêtre Marié (1864)
 Les Diaboliques (The She-Devils, 1874; a collection of short stories, each of which relates a tale of a woman who commits an act of violence or revenge, or other crime). Une Histoire sans Nom (The Story Without a Name, 1882). Ce qui ne Meurt Pas (What Never Dies, 1884). Essays and criticism
 Á Rebours (1884), in Le Constitutionnel, 28 July 1884.(An English translation can be found in the appendix of On Huysmans' Tomb: Critical reviews of J.-K. Huysmans and À Rebours, En Rade, and Là-Bas. Portland, OR: Sunny Lou Publishing, 2021). Du Dandysme et de Georges Brummel (The Anatomy of Dandyism, 1845). Les Prophètes du Passé (1851). Les Oeuvres et les Hommes (1860–1909). Les Quarante Médaillons de l'Académie (1864). Les Ridicules du Temps (1883).Pensées Détachées (1889). Fragments sur les Femmes (1889). Polémiques d'hier (1889). Dernières Polémiques (1891). Goethe et Diderot (1913). L'Europe des Écrivains (2000). Le Traité de la Princesse ou la Princesse Maltraitée (2012).Poetry
 Ode aux Héros des Thermopyles (1825). Poussières (1854). Amaïdée (1889). Rythmes Oubliés (1897). Translated into English
 The Story without a Name. New York: Belford and


texts:
 Co. (1891, translated by Edgar Saltus). The Story without a Name.New York: Brentano's (1919). Of Dandyism and of George Brummell. London: J.M. Dent (1897, translated by Douglas Ainslie). Dandyism. New York: PAJ Publications (1988). Weird Women: Being a Literal Translation of "Les Diaboliques".London and Paris: Lutetian Bibliophiles' Society (2 vols., 1900). The Diaboliques. New York: A.A. Knopf (1925, translated by Ernest Boyd). "Happiness in Crime." In: Shocking Tales. New York:  A.A. Wyn Publisher (1946). The She-devils.London: Oxford University Press (1964, translated by Jean Kimber). What Never Dies: A Romance. New York: A.R. Keller (1902). What Never Dies: A Romance. London: The Fortune Press (1933). Bewitched.New York and London: Harper & brothers (1928, translated by Louise Collier Willcox). His complete works are published in two volumes of the Bibliothèque de la Pléiade. Quotations

 "Next to the wound, what women make best is the bandage." "The mortal envelope of the Middle Age has disappeared, but the essential remains. Because the temporal disguise has fallen, the dupes of history and of its dates say that the Middle Age is dead. Does one die for changing his shirt?" "In France everybody is an aristocrat, for everybody aims to be distinguished from everybody.The red cap of the Jacobins is the red heel of the


texts:
 aristocrats at the other extremity, but it is the same distinctive sign. Only, as they hated each other, Jacobinism placed on its head what aristocracy placed under its foot." "In the matter of literary form it is the thing poured in the vase which makes the beauty of the vase, otherwise there is nothing more than a vessel." "Books must be set against books, as poisons against poisons." "When superior men are mistaken they are superior in that as in all else. They see more falsely than small or mediocre minds." "The Orient and Greece recall to my mind the saying, so coloured and melancholic, of Richter: 'Blue is the colour of mourning in the Orient.That is why the sky of Greece is so beautiful'." "Men give their measure by their admiration, and it is by their judgements that one may judge them." "The most beautiful destiny: to have genius and be obscure." Gallery

See also
 Charles Baudelaire
 Joris-Karl Huysmans

Notes

References

Further reading

 Beyham-Edwards, Matilda (1911). "French Author and Publisher <mask> d’Aurévilly and Trebutien." In: French Men, Women and Books. Chicago: A.C. McClurg and Co., pp.95–104. Bradley, William Aspenwall (1910). "Barbey D'Aurevilly: A French Disciple of Walter Scott," The North American Review, Vol. 192, No. 659, pp. 473–485. Buckley, Thomas (1985)."The Priest or the Mob: Religious


texts: Violence in Three Novels of <mask> D'Aurevilly," Modern Language Studies, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 245–260. Chartier, Armand B. (1977). Barbey d'Aurevilly.Boston: Twayne Publishers. Eisenberg, Davina L. (1996). The Figure of the Dandy in <mask> d'Aurevilly's "Le Bonheur dans le Crime". New York: Peter Lang. France, Anatole (1922). "Barbey d’Aurevilly." In: On Life and Letters.London: John Lane, the Bodley Head, pp. 37–44. Gosse, Edmund (1905). "Barbey d’Aurevilly." In: French Profiles. London: William Heinemann, pp. 92–107.Griffiths, Richard (1966). The Reactionary Revolution: the Catholic Revival in French Literature, 1870–1914. London: Constable. Hansson, Laura Mohr (1899). "An Author on the Mystery of Woman: <mask> d'Aurevilly." In: We Women and our Authors. London: John Lane the Bodley Head, pp.197–211. Jackson, Holbrook (1914). "The New Dandyism." In: The Eighteen Nineties. London: Grant Richards Ltd., pp. 105–116. Jamieson, T. John (1985)."Conservatism's Metaphysical Vision: <mask> d'Aurevilly on Joseph de Maistre," Modern Age, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 28–37. Lowrie, Joyce O. (1974). The Violent Mystique: Thematics of Retribution and Expiation in Balzac, <mask> d'Aurevilly, Bloy and Huysmans.Genève: Droz. Menczer, Béla (1962). "The Primacy of Imagination: From Diderot to Barbey d’Aurevilly." In: Catholic Political Thought.

masks: Barbey Barbey Barbey Barbey Barbey


texts: University of Notre Dame Press, pp. 49–57. Respaut, Michèle M. (1999)."The Doctor's Discourse: Emblems of Science, Sexual Fantasy, and Myth in Barbey d'Aurevilly's 'Le Bonheur dans le Crime'," The French Review, Vol. 73, No. 1, pp. 71–80. Rogers, B. G. (1967). The Novels and Stories of Barbey d'Aurevilly. Genève: Librairie Droz.Saltus, Edgar (1919). "Introduction." In: The Story without a Name. New York: Brentano's, pp. 5–23. Scott, Malcolm (1990). The Struggle for the Soul of the French Novel: French Catholic and Realist Novelists, 1850–1970.Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press. Thiollet, Jean-Pierre (2006) & (2008). Barbey d'Aurevilly ou le Triomphe de l'Écriture, with texts by Bruno Bontempelli, Jean-Louis Christ, Eugen Drewermann and Denis Lensel. Paris: H & D Editions ; Carré d'Art : <mask> d'Aurevilly, Byron, Dali, Hallier, with texts by Anne-Élisabeth Blateau and François Roboth, Paris : Anagramme Ed. Treherne, Philip (1912). "Barbey d'Aurevilly." In: Louis XVII and Other Papers.London: T. Fisher Unwin, pp. 133–146. Turquet-Milnes, G. (1913). "Barbey d'Aurevilly." In: The Influence of Baudelaire. London: Constable and Company, Ltd., pp. 135–145.Whibley, Charles (1897). "Barbey d’Aurevilly," The New Review, Vol. XVI, pp. 204–212 (rpt. in The Pageantry of Life. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1900, pp.


texts:
 219–236.)Whitridge, Arnold (1922). "Barbey d’Aurevilly," The Cornhill Magazine, New Series, Vol. LIII, pp. 49–56. External links

 Works by <mask> d'Aurevilly, at Hathi Trust
 <mask> <mask> d’Aurevilly: Encyclopædia Britannica
 Jules-Amédée <mask> d’Aurevilly: Encyclopédie de L'Agora

1808 births
1889 deaths
People from Manche
French Roman Catholics
Converts to Roman Catholicism from atheism or agnosticism
French fantasy writers
French literary critics
French monarchists
Writers from Normandy
Roman Catholic writers
Collège Stanislas de Paris alumni
19th-century French novelists
French male novelists
19th-century French male writers
French male non-fiction

masks:
Barbey
Jules Amée
Barbey
Barbey


texts:
<mask> (23 March 1918 – 5 October 2007) was a Spanish composer and painter. <mask> was born and raised in Castellón de la Plana, Valencian Community. She was married to the composer <mask> (1908–1979). She was a leading figure in promoting the culture and music of the Valencian Community. One of her most famous compositions was Homenatge a Mistral for solo guitar. <mask> died of a stroke on 5 October 2007 in her native Valencia, aged 89. Works

Piano
 1935 Campanas
 1937 Danza de la luna.(de Romance de la luna) (Fuera de catálogo)
 1937 Danza del niño mirando a la luna. (de Romance de la luna) (Fuera de catálogo)
 1946 Planyívola (Fuera de catálogo)
 1954 Judas (Fuera de catálogo)

Vocal
 1935 Canción de atardecer, para voz y piano. (de Set cançons) (Fuera de catálogo)
 1935 Cuentan que la rosa,  para voz y piano. (de Set cançons) (Fuera de catálogo)
 1935 Nana, para voz y piano. (de Vuit cançons) (Fuera de catálogo)
 1936 El amor y la llama para voz y piano. (de Set cançons) (Fuera de catálogo)
 1937 Tres cançons valencianes, para voz y piano, (Existe en versión orquestral realizada por

masks:
Matilde Salvador Segarra
Life Salvador
Vicente Asencio
Matilde Salvador


texts:
 <mask>encio)
 Cançó alegre
 Cançó de recança
 Cançò d’amor (Fuera de catálogo)
 1939 Alba lírica, ciclo de canciones para voz y piano (1936–1939) (De la segunda y la tercera existe versión para voz y guitarra)
 Canción, Llanto
 Canción de cuna
 Nostalgia
 Cantar de enamorada
 Alamillos verdes
 1939 Como esa agua, para voz y piano. (de Set cançons) (Fuera de catálogo)
 1939 De los álamos vengo, para voz y piano.(de Tonadas Antiguas) (Fuera de catálogo)
 1939 Seis canciones españolas, ciclo de canciones para voz y piano (de la número 4 existe versión para violín y piano, y de la número 6 versión para voz y orquesta)
 Castellana
 Gallega
 Asturiana
 Andaluza
 Zamorana
 Valenciana
 1940 ¡Adiós!, para voz y piano. (de Set cançons) (Fuera de catálogo)
 1940 Caminante, para voz y piano. (de Set cançons) (Fuera de catálogo)
 1942 El padre Lucas, para voz y piano. (de Set cançons) (Fuera de catálogo)
 1942 Set cançons, ciclo para voz y piano (1935–1942), títulos ya indicados en su año de composición (Fuera de catálogo)
 1943 Una veu, para voz y piano (Fuera de catálogo)
 1945 Ai! Que no n’era, para voz


texts: <mask> (29 May 1783 – 16 September 1855) was an Italian gem-engraver, medallist and coin engraver, probably best known for his Saint George and the Dragon design for the British sovereign coin. <mask> was commissioned by the British government to create the large Waterloo Medal, a project which took him thirty years to complete. Born in Rome in 1783, <mask> studied briefly with other artists before striking out on his own at age 15. He became prominent as a cameo carver and was patronised by royalty. In 1815, he moved to Britain, where he would live for most of the rest of his life. His talent brought him to the attention of notables including William Wellesley-Pole, the Master of the Mint. Pole engaged <mask> to design new coinage, including the sovereign, which was first issued in 1817 to mixed reactions.Although Pole probably promised <mask> the post of Chief Engraver, the position could not be awarded as only a British subject could hold it. This slight became a long-term grievance for <mask>. Talented but temperamental, <mask> refused to copy the work of other artists. When in 1823 George IV demanded that an unflattering portrait of him on the coinage be changed with a new likeness to be based on the work of Francis Chantrey, <mask> refused and was nearly dismissed. The Mint did not dismiss him, lest the money already spent on the Waterloo Medal be wasted. <mask> kept his place with the Mint for the rest of his life, eventually completing the Waterloo Medal in 1849, though because of its great size it could not be struck. After <mask>'s death, the George and Dragon design was restored to the sovereign coin, and is still used today.Early life and

masks:
Benedetto Pistrucci
Pistrucci
Pistrucci
Pistrucci
Pistrucci
Pistrucci
Pistrucci
Pistrucci
Pistrucci
Pistrucci


texts:
 career (1783–1815)
<mask> <mask> was born in Rome on 29 May 1783, second child and son of <mask>, Senior Judge of the High Criminal Court under the papal government, and Antonia (née Greco). His elder brother Filippo displayed artistic tendencies from a young age, but <mask> showed mainly a disinclination to study. <mask> wanted his sons to follow in his footsteps and sent them to Latin schools. <mask> began his education in Bologna, where the family had property, but the <mask> family was forced to move to Rome in 1794 when Napoleon invaded Italy, and the boys were enrolled in the Roman College. Napoleon had put a price on <mask>'s head, as he had prosecuted Bonapartist rebels, so the family fled Rome when the French advanced towards it, stopping in Frosinone, where the boys were again put into an academic school. Filippo satisfied his father with enough academic achievement that he was allowed to take a job with a painter named Mango. Deprived of his brother, <mask> became despondent and was eventually allowed to work at Mango's.There, he quickly displayed his artistic talent. Mango told <mask> of his brother Giuseppe Mango, a cameo engraver in Rome. With the Pope and the French having made peace, the family was able to return there, and <mask> <mask> began his training as a cameo carver. He advanced quickly, also taking lessons from Stefano Tofanelli, and soon Giuseppe Mango was selling <mask>'s carvings as his own. Realising that his works were being sold as counterfeit antiques, <mask> began placing a secret mark, the Greek letter λ (lambda) on his creations. <mask>'s obvious talent made his fellow apprentices envious, and one provoked a fight

masks:
Benedetto
Pistrucci
Federico Pistrucci
Benedetto
Federico Pistrucci
Benedetto
Pistrucci
Federico Pistrucci
Benedetto
Benedetto
Benedetto
Pistrucci
Pistrucci
Pistrucci
Pistrucci


texts: with him, stabbing him in the abdomen before <mask> fended off the attack. Recovering at home, he taught himself to model with wax.<mask> decided his son would be better off with a new master, and secured a position for him with Giuseppe Cerbara, but the boy refused, believing that he would have to work in poor conditions. A place with gem-carver Nicolo Morelli was secured, and <mask> also attended the scuola del nudo art academy at the Campidoglio, where in 1800 he took the first prize for sculpture. <mask> felt Morelli was seeking to profit from his ability while giving him little training, and left his position at the age of 15, working from the family home. He was able to pay rent, as from the beginning he had ample commissions for cameos. <mask>'s early clients included two of Rome's major art dealers, Ignazio Vescovali and Angelo Bonelli, and Napoleon's three sisters, Elisa, Pauline and Caroline. <mask> gained prominence by winning a competition to make a cameo of Elisa (the Grand Duchess of Tuscany), working nearly nonstop for eight days to complete it. The Grand Duchess was so impressed by his work that she gave him studio space at her palace.<mask> felt secure enough with this patronage that in 1802, he married Barbara Folchi, daughter of a well-to-do merchant; they had nine children together. He continued working in Rome, turning out portrait cameos and engraved gems, until 1814. Bonelli returned from a successful trip to Britain in 1814 and proposed that <mask> go back with him, arguing that the artist's future was there. <mask> was willing, and after making provision for his family left Rome with Bonelli. They first stopped in Perugia so

masks:
Pistrucci
Federico Pistrucci
Pistrucci
Pistrucci
Pistrucci
Pistrucci
Pistrucci
Pistrucci
Pistrucci


texts:
 that <mask> could say farewell to his brother Filippo, but found him willing to accompany them. By Turin, Filippo <mask> had decided that Bonelli was not to be trusted, and so informed his brother. When they reached Paris in December 1814, the brothers refused to accompany Bonelli further, and after making threats, the dealer  departed.Filippo soon returned to Italy, but <mask> <mask> found his name and art were known in Paris, and set to work. He was there when Napoleon returned from Elba, beginning the Hundred Days, but worked on, unaffected by the war. He saw Napoleon in a garden, and always having a ball of wax with him, quietly modelled the emperor, the last portrait of him done in Europe. After the Battle of Waterloo in June 1815, <mask> began preparations to move on to Britain, but it was not until 31 December that he arrived there. Rise to prominence (1815–1819)

On arrival at Dover, <mask> had difficulty with Customs, possibly caused by Bonelli's malice. Once he was able to, he journeyed to London. He had letters of introduction to several people, and Charles Konig, Keeper of Minerals at the British Museum, proved a loyal friend.Through Konig, <mask> met the famous naturalist, Sir Joseph Banks, who commissioned the artist to do a portrait of him. While Banks was sitting for <mask>, the connoisseur Richard Payne Knight came by, anxious to show Sir Joseph a cameo fragment he had purchased, and which he dated to Ancient Greece. After Banks praised it highly, <mask>, on examining it, identified it as his own work, displaying the secret mark he had placed on it. The incident increased <mask>'s reputation in London. <mask> was introduced to Lord

masks: Pistrucci Pistrucci Benedetto Pistrucci Pistrucci Pistrucci Pistrucci Pistrucci Pistrucci Pistrucci Pistrucci


texts: and Lady Spencer by Banks. Lady Spencer showed Pistrucci a model of Saint George and the Dragon by Nathaniel Marchant and commissioned him to reproduce it in the Greek style as part of her husband's regalia as a Knight of the Garter. <mask> had already been thinking of such a work, and he produced the cameo.The model for the saint was an Italian waiter at Brunet's Hotel in Leicester Square, where he had stayed after coming to London. Sir Joseph commissioned <mask> to craft a cameo of King George III. As the King was ill with porphyria, <mask> modelled the likeness from Marchant's three-shilling bank token, and cut it in red jasper for a fee of 50 guineas. Banks showed the cameo to William Wellesley-Pole, elder brother of the Duke of Wellington and the Master of the Mint, who was greatly impressed by the quality of what he saw. At this time, the Royal Mint was preparing to issue new gold and silver coins as part of the Great Recoinage of 1816, and in June of that year, Pole decided to hire <mask> to make models in stone for the new coinage that could be converted into steel dies by the Mint's engravers. Pole had <mask> create three portraits of the King in different sizes. Only two were used, one for the obverse of the half crown, and the other for the shilling and sixpence.Both were modified by Thomas Wyon of the Mint, who engraved the designs in steel. What was dubbed the "bull head" of the King on the 1816 half crown was disliked by the public, and it was replaced by another in 1817. The criticism incensed <mask>, who blamed Wyon for bungling the design, and who set about learning to engrave in steel himself. After completing Lady Spencer's

masks: Pistrucci Pistrucci Pistrucci Pistrucci Pistrucci Pistrucci