texts:
 the film Suspiria (2018), Nomi singing "Total Eclipse" can be heard on the in the background on the radio in the room of another dancer. Discography

Albums
1981: <mask> (RCA)
1982: Simple Man (RCA)
2007: Za Bakdaz: The Unfinished Opera (Heliocentric)

Compilations
1983: Encore
1991: The Collection

Live
1986: In Concert (RCA) – Recorded in 1979

Singles
1981: "Total Eclipse" / "Falling in Love Again (Can't Help It)"
1981: "You Don't Own Me" / "Falling in Love Again (Can't Help It)"
1982: "Simple Man" / "Death"
1982: "Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead" / "ICUROK"
1982: "Nomi Song" / "Cold Song"
1982: "Lightnin' Strikes" / "Falling in Love Again (Can't Help It)"
1983: "ICUROK" / "Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead"
1983: "Just One Look" / "Rubberband Lazer"
1986: "I Feel Love"
1998: "Za Bak Daz" / "Silent Night"

Music videos
1982: "Simple Man" (directed and edited by John Zieman)
1982: "Lightning Strikes"
1982: "Nomi Song"
1982: "Falling in Love Again"

Film appearances
Long Island Four (1979)
Mr. Mike's Mondo Video (1979)
Urgh! A Music War (1982)
The Nomi Song (2004)

See also
 LGBT culture in New York City
 List of LGBT people from New York City

References

External links
Klaus Nomi papers, circa 1950-1983, Houghton Library, Harvard University

1944 births
1983 deaths
AIDS-related deaths in New York (state)
German countertenors
Dark cabaret musicians
German electronic musicians
German experimental musicians
German male singers
German new wave musicians
German performance artists
German singer-songwriters
Avant-garde singers
LGBT singers from Germany
LGBT songwriters
Performance art in New York City
People from Immenstadt
Synth-pop singers
Gay musicians
20th-century German male singers
20th-century LGBT people
German emigrants to the United States
People from the East Village, Manhattan
RCA Records


type: original

texts:
<mask> (Urdu: ; born 19 November 1977) is a Pakistani politician who served as the 21st Foreign Minister of Pakistan from February 2011 until March 2013. Appointed at the age of 33, she was the youngest person and the first woman to have held the position. <mask> is a member of an influential feudal family in Muzaffargarh. She studied business at LUMS and U Mass - Amherst before entering politics as a member of the national assembly in 2002, representing the PML-Q and becoming a junior minister responsible for economic policy under the Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz. In 2009, after switching parties and winning re-election with the Pakistan Peoples Party, she became the Minister of State for Finance and Economic Affairs and the same year became the first woman to present the national budget. [5] She was appointed by Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani as the Foreign Minister of Pakistan in July 2011, and served until shortly before the 2013 election, when she retired from active politics. She has continued to push for stronger ties with India.She remains a member of the Pakistan People's Party, and is a public speaker on foreign policy. As of 2019, she is a Member of the National Assembly of Pakistan on a reserved seat for women. Early life and family
Hina <mask> <mask> was born in Multan, Punjab, Pakistan into Jat family Khar and is the daughter of the powerful oligarch and politician Ghulam Noor <mask> <mask>. Her father was a prominent national politician and served as a member of the National Assembly. She is a niece of Ghulam <mask>, the former Governor and Chief Minister of Punjab. Education
<mask> is a graduate of the Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) where she holds a BSc (with honors) in Economics conferred in 1999. She subsequently attended the University of Massachusetts at Amherst in the United States where she earned an MSc in Business Management in 2002.<mask> has retained ties with LUMS since her graduation. In 2012, she delivered a lecture there on "Foreign Policy and Young Democracy", and secured funding for the Abdus Salam Institute of Physics. Political career

In the 2002 general elections, <mask> was elected as a member of the National Assembly, representing the NA-177

masks:
Hina Rabbani Khar
Khar
Rabbani
Khar
Rabbani
Khar
Mustafa Khar
Khar
Khar
Khar


texts:
 (Muzaffargarh-II) constituency in Punjab. Her father, veteran politician Ghulam Noor <mask> <mask>, had represented the constituency previously, but he and most of the members of her family had been disqualified. A new law requiring all parliamentary candidates to hold a university degree meant that he and they could not run that year. With the financial support of her father who addressed rallies on her behalf, she campaigned on a newly founded PML-Q platform against the Pakistan Muslim League, with her face not appearing on her own election posters. Economic and Finance positions

<mask> came to prominence during the Shaukat Aziz government and was appointed Parliamentary Secretary for Economic Affairs and Statistics in 2003, and being named Minister of State for Economic Affairs the following year, a post she retained until 2007.As minister of state, she worked with international relief funds and charities after the deadly 2005 earthquake in Northern Pakistan, and also worked on proposals for the Turkmenistan–Afghanistan–Pakistan–India pipeline. In 2007, she made an unsuccessful attempt to renew her alliance with the PML-Q, but the party denied her a ticket platform to campaign for re-election in 2008. She was subsequently invited to join the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) and successfully campaigned for her constituency for a second time. The PPP secured a plurality of the votes and formed a left-wing alliance with the Awami National Party, MQM and PML-Q. Minister of State for Finance and Economic Affairs
After her 2008 re-election, she was appointed Minister of State for Finance and Economic Affairs in the cabinet of Yousaf Raza Gillani. She worked on the financial budget and economic policies in the absence of the then Finance Minister and on 13 June 2009 she successfully presented the 2010 federal budget in the Parliament and has the distinction of being the first woman politician to present the Pakistani budget in the National Assembly. She also worked on reducing Pakistan's circular debt within the energy sector.Foreign minister

<mask> was appointed as Minister of State for Foreign Affairs—the deputy head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs—on 11 February 2011, as part of Gillani's cabinet

masks: Rabbani Khar Khar Khar


texts: reshuffle. Gillani did not reappoint Shah Mehmood Qureshi as Foreign Minister, and that position was left empty. In the absence of any Foreign Minister, she was the acting Minister of Foreign Affairs for five months until her formal appointment as Foreign Minister on 18 July; she was sworn in on 19 July, becoming the youngest and first female Minister of Foreign Affairs. President Asif Ali Zardari, who succeeded Pervez Musharraf in 2008, said the appointment was "a demonstration of the government's commitment to bring women into the mainstream of national life". She was appointed foreign minister during a difficult time in Pakistan: when the country's armed forces were confronting extreme elements in Western Pakistan and anti-American emotions ran high over the Raymond Davis incident. Shortly after her appointment, <mask> visited India and held peace talks with her Indian counterpart, S. M. Krishna. Relations between the two countries had been suspended following the 2008 Mumbai attacks, and did not resume until February 2011, five months before her visit.The Indian media reported extensively on her fashion and appearance, including her Birkin bag, sunglasses, Jimmy Choo stilettos and pearl necklaces. She held talks with leaders of the Hurriyat Conference before meeting Indian government representatives, a decision which was criticised by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), India's biggest political party, which said it was a breach of protocol and demanded an inquiry into the matter. She later led an unsuccessful move to grant India most favoured nation status. In August 2011 she visited China and held talks with Yang Jiechi, the Chinese Foreign Minister. Hindustan Times reported that, in contrast to her reception in India, she was largely ignored by the Chinese media. The NATO strike which killed 24 Pakistani troops was one of the most notable incidents during her tenure and Foreign Minister <mask> stated that the government of Pakistan and defense committees had approved a measure—similar to a parliamentary resolution put forward after bin Laden's May 2011 death—that formally bars NATO and ISAF forces from using Pakistan's supply routes. Pakistan continued to demand a U.S. apology, and on 6 June 2012,

masks: Khar Khar


texts:
 <mask> argued that "higher principles should take precedence over politically popular considerations", and challenged the U.S. to "live up to its democratic ideals by respecting the will of Pakistan’s elected legislature".On 15 December 2011, when the United States suspended financial aid to Pakistan, <mask> warned that their actions would be responsible for losing the war on terror, since Pakistan could not win without U.S. assistance. On 21 January 2012, <mask> secretly left for Moscow with an agenda of strengthening bilateral relations, with Pakistan's relationship with the United States strained. On this trip invited the Russian leadership to visit Pakistan and to maintain bilateral cooperation and commitment and support for "Afghan-led and Afghan-owned" efforts for peace in the country. On 12 August 2012, while speaking at the 16th Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement in Tehran, <mask> maintained that regional stability was imperiled due to the increasing tensions relating to Iran's nuclear program, and a "peaceful resolution of this issue is still possible on the basis of reciprocal confidence-building measures and security assurances against external threats". During her short visit to Bangladesh on 9 November 2012, <mask> was approached by the Foreign Minister of Bangladesh Dipu Moni to sort out post-independence issues between the countries. <mask> called for the two countries to move ahead together. While the election was being scheduled, the PPP completed five-year election term in March 2013, so the government was replaced by a caretaker prime minister and cabinet, in which <mask> was not a member, until the election took place.This ended <mask>'s two-year role as Foreign Minister. In April 2013, <mask> announced that she was standing down at the next general election, so that her father, who had previously been ineligible to stand as a candidate, could succeed her. The condition requiring parliamentary candidates to hold a university degree, which had led to <mask> replacing her father in 2002, had been lifted since the most recent general election. The PPP came second in the election, losing 74 seats; <mask>'s father was defeated in his bid to regain his former seat. Significance
During her

masks: Khar Khar Khar Khar Khar Khar Khar Khar Khar Khar Khar


texts:
 two-year-long appointment as the country's foreign minister she attracted significant global attention on her status as Pakistan's first woman foreign minister. She was interviewed by Charlie Rose, CBS News and Washington Post among others. She served as a high-ranking member of the Central Executive Committee of the Pakistan Peoples Party from 2008 until 2013, when she retired from politics.Post-ministerial career
Since standing down, <mask> has been an active public speaker. In an interview with Al Jazeera in December 2015, she accused the US government supporting military regimes in Pakistan. She has written op-ed's for Newsweek Pakistan and was interviewed by Mehdi Hasan at the Oxford Union in December 2015. In June 2016, she appeared on Jirga with Saleem Safi, speaking out against Pakistan's aggressive stance in the Kashmir conflict. In an appearance at the Islamabad Literature Festival, she continued her support of a closer Indian-Pakistan relationship. Return to politics in 2018
She was elected on a reserved seat for women in the National Assembly in 2018 General Election by the Pakistan People's Party. Personal life
<mask> is married to Feroze Gulzar.She has a son, Ahmed, and two daughters, Annaya and Dina. Khar is co-owner of a restaurant called the "Polo Lounge". The initial branch opened at the Lahore Polo Ground in 2002. A second Polo Lounge has since opened in Islamabad's Saidpur Village. See also
Economy of Pakistan

References

Further reading

Khan, M Ilyas. External links

Minister of Foreign Affairs
news and commentary at Dawn

Who rules Pakistan?. Al Jazeera English, December 2015 - interview with <mask> <mask> <mask> (video, 47 mins)

|-

|-

1977 births
Living people
Pakistani businesspeople
Pakistani women diplomats
Pakistani diplomats
Pakistani landowners
Pakistani MNAs 2002–2007
Pakistani MNAs 2008–2013
Pakistan Peoples Party MNAs
Pakistani economists
Pakistani women economists
Government of Yousaf Raza Gillani
People from Multan
Punjabi women
Foreign Ministers of Pakistan
Female foreign ministers
Women members of the National Assembly of Pakistan
Women federal ministers of Pakistan
Lahore University of Management Sciences alumni
Isenberg School of Management alumni
<mask>

masks: Khar Khar Hina Rabbani Khar Hina


texts:
<mask> (; March 29, 1927 – August 16, 2016) was an American television personality and political commentator. He created, produced, and hosted the political commentary series The McLaughlin Group. He also hosted and produced <mask>'s One on One, which ran from 1984 to 2013. Education and early career
<mask> was born in Providence, Rhode Island, the son of <mask> and his wife Eva Philomena, née Turcotte. He grew up in a Catholic family who were second-generation Irish Americans and attended La Salle Academy, Providence. At age 18, he entered Weston College in Weston, Massachusetts, which later became the theological seminary of Boston College, to become a Catholic priest. He entered the Jesuit order in 1947, aged 20, and was ordained as a priest in 1959, and went on to earn two master's degrees (philosophy and English literature) from Boston College.After his ordination, <mask> spent some years as a high school teacher at Fairfield College Preparatory School, a Jesuit prep school in Connecticut. He took time off from teaching to earn a Ph.D. (philosophy) from Columbia University. He wrote his thesis on the Catholic poet Gerard Manley Hopkins. He then became a writer and later assistant editor for the Jesuit current affairs publication, America, in New York City. Disagreements with the editor of the magazine led to his departure in 1970 after which he moved back to Providence. Political career

<mask> was originally a supporter of the Democratic Party and opposed the Vietnam War, but then became a war supporter and changed his party affiliation to Republican. In 1970, he sought permission from the Jesuit order to run for a seat in the United States Senate,

masks:
John Joseph McLaughlin
John McLaughlin
John Joseph McLaughlin
Augustus Hugh McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin


texts:
 representing Rhode Island.They had given permission to fellow Jesuit Father Robert Drinan who ran successfully for the United States House of Representatives in Massachusetts. When they refused, <mask> ran anyway but lost to the incumbent four-term Senator <mask>. Pastore. Through a friendship with Pat Buchanan, <mask> then became a speechwriter for U.S. President Richard Nixon. In 1974, after the resignation of President Nixon, he spent two months under President Gerald Ford's administration. In 1975, he left the priesthood. Media career
After leaving the White House, <mask> worked with his wife Ann in public relations and in 1980 became a weekend radio host on WRC-AM in Washington, D.C. Eventually he was fired from that job.He then went on to write for National Review and to host The McLaughlin Group, which premiered in 1982. The television show brought together four political commentators, usually two conservatives and two liberals, with <mask> seated in the middle. <mask> was known for his loud and forceful style of presentation, usually stating his opinion in an apodictic manner and often cutting off other panelists by declaring their opinion "Wrong!" or putting a question to the panel, listening to other opinions, before finally giving his opinion as "the correct answer". Discussions in the McLaughlin Group tended to run until the very last few seconds of airtime, when <mask> would rather abruptly end each episode by saying "Bye-bye!". <mask>'s style and mannerisms were parodied by comedians and other commentators, most notably Dana Carvey of Saturday Night Live. <mask> enjoyed SNL'''s recurring McLaughlin Group sketches, even making a 1991 cameo

masks:
McLaughlin
John O
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin


texts:
 appearance as the Grim Reaper in one of them.<mask> also hosted the interview show <mask>'s One on One, first telecast in 1984, and ended in 2013. Also from 1989 through 1994, he produced and hosted McLaughlin, a one-hour nightly talk show on CNBC. For a short while in 1999, he hosted an MSNBC show, McLaughlin Special Report. The show was announced on January 22, and its cancellation was announced on February 25. A revival of The McLaughlin Group debuted in 2018, and retains <mask>'s name in the show's title despite his death. Personal life and death
On August 23, 1975, <mask> married Ann Dore (née Lauenstein), his former campaign manager. She served as Secretary of Labor under President Ronald Reagan from 1987 until 1989.During this period, <mask> was sued for sexual harassment and discrimination by a former employee. He settled the suit in December 1989. <mask> and Dore divorced in 1992. <mask> married his second wife Cristina Clara Vidal on June 22, 1997. The marriage ended in divorce in 2010. During the December 26, 2014, year-end awards episode, <mask> ended the show saying: "Person of the year: Pope Francis, especially now that he's told that animals can go to heaven. And Oliver is up there waiting for me."Oliver Productions, Inc., is named after <mask>'s pet dog  — a Basset Hound — and is seen in an animation as part of the brand logo shown at the close of each show. Oliver shared their Watergate apartment during <mask>'s tenure as speechwriter for President Nixon. After missing his first broadcast in 34 years, <mask> died on August 16, 2016, at his home in Washington, D.C. of prostate cancer at the age of 89. <mask>'s last message to fans was August

masks:
McLaughlin
John McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin


texts:
 13, when he explained he had missed recent tapings due to his poor health. In popular culture
The McLaughlin Group was parodied a number of times on Saturday Night Live in the early 1990s, where <mask> was played by Dana Carvey. <mask> also appeared in several films, including Dave, Mission: Impossible, Independence Day, and War, Inc., generally portraying himself discussing a political character in the movie. In the 2009 movie Watchmen, he is portrayed by Gary Houston in an early scene interviewing Pat Buchanan (played by James M. Connor) and Eleanor Clift (played by Mary Ann Burger) about the possibility of nuclear war with the Soviet Union.<mask> also hosted a special celebration for the 200th episode of the NBC sitcom Cheers''. References

Further reading

External links

 The McLaughlin Group website: <mask> biography. findagrave.com

1927 births
2016 deaths
21st-century Roman Catholics
20th-century American Jesuits
21st-century American Jesuits
20th-century American journalists
21st-century American journalists
American male journalists
American television news anchors
American broadcast news analysts
American people of Irish descent
American political commentators
American Roman Catholic priests
American speechwriters
American television talk show hosts
Boston College alumni
CNBC people
Columbia University alumni
Deaths from cancer in Washington, D.C. Deaths from prostate cancer
Former Jesuits
Journalists from Rhode Island
Journalists from Washington, D.C.
Laicized Roman Catholic priests
National Review people
Nixon administration personnel
Rhode Island Democrats
Rhode Island Republicans
Writers from Providence, Rhode Island
Washington, D.C.

masks:
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
McLaughlin
John McLaughlin


texts:
<mask> (born 4 October 1958 in Cowbridge, Wales), known professionally as <mask>, is a television presenter, broadcaster, journalist and painter. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Cowbridge, Glamorgan, Wales, and grew up in Surrey. She was educated at three independent schools: Dunrobin School and St Michael's – both at Limpsfield, Surrey – and Croydon High School. <mask> adopted the name "<mask>" when she joined the British actors' union Equity, as an <mask> had already been registered. Career

Television
<mask> began her broadcasting career as a trainee for the BBC World Service, working on The World Today and Twenty-Four Hours. She then moved to BBC children's TV, where she worked for Monica Sims and as a production assistant on Lucky Numbers. At 19, she moved to Hong Kong, where she worked as a news sub-editor for TVB Pearl, the English-language TV station.She later became the regular evening news-reader. She also produced Wheelbase, a weekly drive-time radio show, for RTHK and worked as an account executive for PR company Corporate Communications. She published a book called A Children's Guide to Hong Kong. She dubbed kung fu films into English for Run Run Shaw late into the night and was a fittings model for Gloria Vanderbilt jeans during her lunch hours. In 1982 she returned to the UK and worked as a reporter on CBTV for Thames Television. She then landed her first-high profile job, as the jump-suited "skyrunner" of Channel 4's Treasure Hunt, co-hosted by former BBC newsman Kenneth Kendall. The show remains one of Channel 4's highest-rated programmes ever, regularly getting over 7 million viewers.It was nominated for a

masks:
Anne Lucinda Hartley Rice
Anneka Rice
Rice
Rice
Anneka
Annie Rice
Rice


texts: BAFTA in 1986. <mask> hosted the BBC's Children in Need appeal in 1987 and tested an early version of her next project, Challenge Anneka. This had been devised by <mask> herself and was launched in 1989 on BBC1. It ran for six series. Projects included the renovation of a Romanian orphanage in Siret, equipping a Malawi refugee camp, and over 60 UK projects, most of which are still going strong. As the owner of the rights to Challenge Anneka, <mask> remained involved with the format as it was sold to other European territories, which produced their own versions. in 2001 she co-produced an American version with ABC called Challenge America with Erin Brockovich: The Miracle in Manhattan, hosted by Erin Brockovich, a post-9/11 project to rebuild an amphitheater and soccer field in New York City.Through the '80s and '90s <mask> presented Wish You Were Here...? for ITV. Taking over as main presenter on BBC1's Holiday in 1999, she travelled to over 50 countries. She was a regular part-time presenter on TVAM with Nick Ross, hosting one week a month, and also hosted Sporting Chance on BBC2, inviting celebrities to take up a new sport. She took part in BBC's Driving Force, teaming up with rally-cross driver Barry Lee to win the otherwise all-male competition in races driving Chieftain tanks, off-road cars, trucks and JCB diggers. She co-presented Combat for ITV with Emlyn Hughes, pitting regiments of the British forces against each other. She presented Capital Woman, a weekly women's magazine programme for ITV in the '90s.She was the host of Passport, which saw contestants taken to Botswana, Hong Kong, Los Angeles and Egypt to compete in

masks: Rice Rice Rice Rice


texts: gruelling local activities to win a glamorous holiday at the end. She also hosted the Children's Royal Variety Show and guested on numerous other shows. During this time Madame Tussaud's created a waxwork of her which hung in the entrance hall from a rope ladder in her famous jumpsuit. When <mask> moved from Treasure Hunt to Challenge Anneka they threw on a jacket and put a paint pot in her hand. She also had a Spitting Image puppet made of her. She 'gave birth' to her first son, with Kenneth Kendall directing proceedings. <mask> took a sabbatical to bring up her young family in 1995 and enrolled at Chelsea College of Art for two years.She has painted ever since. In the 2000s she returned to work as a regular on The Wright Stuff and as host for Channel 5 series Dinner Doctors. In 2006 Challenge <mask> returned to ITV for two specials, the first broadcast on Boxing Day. This was a post-tsunami project in Sri Lanka. The second project, in 2007, was to produce an album to raise money for the Children's Hospice Association. In 2006 she co-hosted ITV Sunday-morning cookery show Sunday Feast. She also took part in the ITV programme Extinct, presented by Sir Trevor McDonald and Zoë Ball, which saw <mask> and seven other celebrities visit endangered animals in their natural habitat.<mask> travelled to the North Pole to track polar bears by helicopter and fit them with tracking collars. In September 2007 she appeared on Hell's Kitchen and was also a contestant on Celebrity Mastermind (broadcast 1 January 2010). She chose the life and career of Jean Rhys as her specialist subject. In June 2012, <mask> co-hosted BBC1 programme Rolf Paints...

masks: Rice Rice Anneka Rice Rice Rice


texts:
 Diamond Jubilee with Rolf Harris in celebration of Queen Elizabeth II's jubilee. In August 2012, she was named co-presenter of The Flowerpot Gang on BBC 1 with Joe Swift (TV garden presenter) and Phil Tufnell. She was a presenter on Secrets of the National Trust for Channel 5 in 2016. In 2017, she appeared as a contestant on Richard Osman's House of Games and participated in Channel 4's Celebrity Hunted for Stand Up to Cancer.In 2019 she took part in Celebrity Antiques Road Trip for BBC2 with friend Liz Carr. She was a contestant for Kirstie Allsopp's Celebrity Craft Masters; and on BBC 1's Strictly Come Dancing, partnered with Kevin Clifton and featuring regularly on It Takes 2. She was also a guest on Channel 4's Bake Off, An Extra Slice and Children in Need 2019. In 2020 she took part in Joe Lycett's Got Your Back and ran with her Radio 2 colleagues for BBC 1's Sport Relief. Radio
Rice's radio career started as a BBC trainee for the World Service, where she worked on The World Today and Twenty-Four Hours. In Hong Kong she produced a weekly drive-time show for RTHK. In the 80s in the UK she was a regular stand-in for Gloria Hunniford on Radio 2 and presented The Waiting Game for Radio 4 in 1990, a nine-week series on pregnancy.She was also a regular guest on Loose Ends and presented Inside the Life Drawing Class, a documentary for Radio 4 about life drawing. She was asked by Lynda Snell to renovate the Ambridge Village Hall in the early 90s, joining Princess Margaret as the only other person to play themselves. She returned to Ambridge again to re-open it in 2016 after Lynda's campaign to redecorate it. In 2012 <mask> and Patrick


texts:
 Kielty filled in for Alan Carr and Melanie Sykes on BBC Radio 2 which led to her confirmation in February 2012 as the successor to Zoe Ball on the Weekend Breakfast Show, live from 6am. After five years she took over the late night Saturday slot, presenting Pick of Radio 2. She has presented specials for Friday Night is Music Night including one celebrating the music of Rogers and Hammerstein. She also presented the Arts Show, taking over from Jonathan Ross, often taking it to the Edinburgh Festival.She was the regular Radio 2 host for the Olivier Awards and the Evening Standard Awards. Since 2017 she has presented Junior Choice on Christmas Day morning, following the death of long time host Ed Stewart. She takes part in Radio 2's yearly Festival in a Day in Hyde Park. In 2017 she wrote and presented a two-hour Christmas special about Ronnie Wood, his art and music, called Paint it Black. In 2018 she was a guest on My Teenage Diary for Radio 4 and in 2020 she presented <mask>'s 80s TV Treasure Hunt for Radio 2. <mask> was involved with the 1999 Cricket World Cup, promoting the one-day event as a new way for people, especially women, to get into cricket. She had a range of sport clothes and jumpsuits in the 80s produced in collaboration with the clothing chain, DASH.She presented the Adventure Series, making films about learning to scuba-dive, ski and sail, which were accompanied by books. There have been various Treasure Hunt and Challenge Anneka annuals and board games. Painting
<mask> Hambling's Master Class and regularly exhibits her work. Journalism
<mask> was the weekend TV critic for the Mail on Sunday in the mid-2000s and has

masks:
Anneka
Other Rice
Riceggi
Rice


texts:
 been a travel writer for them from 2004. She had a column for The Radio Times in 2019 and now writes an occasional column for The Independent. She returned to Siret in 2013 to write about the fate of the orphans from the original Challenge Anneka program.Theatre and performance
<mask> performed in panto at the Manchester Palace, the Theatre Royal Brighton, The Arts Theatre Cambridge and the Richmond Theatre during the 80s, playing principal boy. She acted in 3 tours of The Vagina Monologues in 2005 and 2006. She has done standup comedy at the Backyard Comedy Club in Bethnal Green in 2018 and 2020. In 2015 she gave a piano recital at the Christmas Gala at the Kings Place, giving herself five months to re-learn, having not played since she was a child. She was part of The Great Western Choir and sang at the Big Chill Festival in 2009. Stand-up
<mask> writes and performs stand-up comedy at the Backyard Comedy Club in Bethnal Green. Her last two ventures, in 2018 and 2020, The Clemmie Hart Years about her secret fictional agent, and Help!My Head's in Wookey Hole, about her search for her missing Madame Tussaud's waxwork, were recorded for Radio 4. Chelsea Flower Show
Rice had a Chelsea Garden in 2017, designed alongside Sarah Raven and Tricia Guild, as part of a BBC parade of gardens. The Colour Cutting Garden was a riot of colour and featured flowers that could be "cut and come again". Charity

<mask> is an ambassador and patron of several charities including FISH, Horatio's Garden, Riding for the Disabled and Marie Curie. She is a passionate befriender. She is involved with many of her old Challenge projects.In 2018 she became a

masks: Rice Rice Rice


texts:
 Patron for the charity Operation Encompass. Personal life
<mask> married theatre boss Nick Allott in 1988, with whom she has two sons, Thomas Alexander D, born in 1989 and Joshua James, born in 1990.She had another son with TV executive Tom Gutteridge in 1997. Television shows
 CBTV Channel 14 (1982–85)
 Treasure Hunt (1982–89)
Driving Force (1984)
 Wish You Were Here...? (presenter)
 Good Morning Britain (presenter)
 Aspel & Company (guest – March 1986)
 The Grand Knockout Tournament (participant, 1987)
 Challenge Anneka (presenter 1989–95, 2006/7), nominated for two technical BAFTAs in 1991
 KYTV (guest – June 1990)
 2point4 Children (guest appearance – September 1992)
 So Graham Norton (guest appearance – February 2001)
 I Love 1980s (guest appearance – March 2001)
 Ready, Steady, Cook (guest – June 2001)
 A Question of TV (guest appearances – August 2001)
 Remotely Funny (guest – July 2002)
 RI:SE (breakfast show guest, February 2003)
 Dinner Doctors (presenter)
 Richard & Judy (June 2003)
 Absolute Power (November 2003)
 Hell's Kitchen (May 2004)
 QI (aka Quite Interesting) (November 2004)
 Have I Been Here Before? (May 2005)
 Our Survey Says: the Ultimate Game Show Moments
 The Big Call (guest – June 2005)
 The Wright Stuff (guest panellist – September 2005)
 Holiday (presenter)
 Passport
 Sporting Chance
 Driving Force
 Capital Woman
 Combat
 Come Dine with Me (Celebrity Special – July 2006)
 Hell's Kitchen (Contestant – September 2007)
 Heads or Tails on Five (special guest 2009)
 Celebrity Mastermind, BBC1, contestant, 1 January 2010
 Countdown, Channel 4, 'Dictionary Corner' guest, 3–7 October 2011
 Countdown, Channel 4,


texts:
 'Dictionary Corner' guest, 2–6 April 2012
 Rolf Paints....Diamond Jubilee, BBC1 (co-host), 5 June 2012
 Flowerpot Gang, BBC1, co-host, August 2012
 Richard Osman's House of Games, contestant, 4–8 September 2017
 Celebrity Hunted – SU2C special, 10–24 October 2017
 Strictly Come Dancing - contestant, September 2019; eliminated after performing the Charleston in week three
 Countdown, guest (2019)
 Kirsty Alsopp's Celebrity Craft Masters (2019)
 Sky Arts Celebrity Portrait of the Year (2019)
 Joe Lycett's Got Your Back (2020)
 The Weakest Link (2022)

References

External links

Official website
Anneka Rice at the British Film Institute
 Autobiographical article. 1958 births
BBC Radio 2 presenters
Living people
People from Cowbridge
Welsh television presenters
Game show hosts
People educated at Croydon High School
Dubbing


texts:
Sir <mask>, FBA (6 September 1907 – 29 March 1983) was a British statistician, widely known for his contribution to statistics. The <mask> tau rank correlation is named after him. Education and early life
<mask> was born in Kettering, Northamptonshire as the only child of engineering worker <mask> and Georgina, née Brewer. His paternal grandfather was a publican, running The Woolpack at Kettering. As a young child he survived a case of cerebral meningitis, which was frequently fatal at that time. After growing up in Derby, England, he studied mathematics at St John's College, Cambridge, where he played cricket and chess (with future champions Conel Hugh O'Donel Alexander and Jacob Bronowski). After graduation as a Mathematics Wrangler in 1929, he joined the British Civil Service in the Ministry of Agriculture.In this position he became increasingly interested in using statistics towards agricultural questions, and one of his first published papers to the Royal Statistical Society involved studying crop productivity using factor analysis. He was elected a Fellow of the Society in 1934. Work in statistics
In 1938 and 1939 he began work, along with Bernard Babington-Smith known as BBS, on the question of random number generation, developing both one of the first early mechanical devices to produce random digits, and formulated a series of tests for statistical randomness in a given set of digits which, with some small modifications, became fairly widely used. He produced one of the second large collections of random digits (100,000 in total, over twice as many as those published by L. H. C. Tippett in 1927), which was a commonly used tract until the publication of RAND Corporation's A Million Random Digits with 100,000 Normal Deviates in 1955

masks:
Maurice George Kendall
Kendall
Maurice Kendall
John Roughton Kendall


texts:
 (which was developed with a roulette wheel-like machine very similar to <mask>'s and verified as "random" using his statistical tests). In 1937, he aided the ageing statistician G. Udny Yule in the revision of his standard statistical textbook, Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, commonly known for many years as "Yule and <mask>". The two had met by chance in 1935, and were on close terms until Yule's death in 1951 (Yule was godfather to <mask>'s second son). During this period he also began work on the rank correlation coefficient which currently bears his name (<mask>'s tau), which eventually led to a monograph on Rank Correlation in 1948.In the late 1930s, he was additionally part of a group of five other statisticians who endeavoured to produce a reference work summarising recent developments in statistical theory, but it was cancelled on account of onset of World War II. War-time efforts
<mask> became Assistant general manager to the British Chamber of Shipping by day and had air-raid warden duties by night. Despite these constraints on his time, he managed to produce volume one of The Advanced Theory of Statistics in 1943 and a second volume in 1946. During the war he also produced a series of papers extending to work of R.A. Fisher on the theory of k-statistics, and developed a number of extensions to this work through the 1950s. After the war, he worked on the theory and practice of time series analysis, and conclusively demonstrated (with the meager computing resources available at the time) that unsmoothed sample periodograms were unreliable estimators for the population spectrum. London School of Economics
In 1949 he accepted the second chair of statistics at the London School of Economics, University of London. Here he

masks: Kendall Kendall Kendall Kendall Kendall


texts:
 worked part-time as the director of the new Research Techniques Division.From 1952 to 1957 he edited a two-volume work on Statistical Sources in the United Kingdom, which was a standard reference until the mid-1970s. In the 1950s he also worked on multivariate analysis, and developed the text Multivariate Analysis in 1957. In the same year he also developed, along with W. R. Buckland, a Dictionary of Statistical Terms, aimed at helping making the tools of statistics more available to potential users in industry and government. In 1953 he published "The Analytics of Economic Time Series, Part 1: Prices" in which he suggested that the movement of shares on the stock market was random (as likely to go up on a certain day as to go down). These results were disturbing to some financial economists and further debate and research then followed. This ultimately led to the creation of the random walk hypothesis, and the closely related efficient-market hypothesis which states that random price movements indicate a well-functioning or efficient market. CEIR and WFS
In 1961 he left the University of London and took a position as the managing director (later chairman) of a consulting company, CEIR (later known as Scientific Control Systems), and in the same year began a two-year term as president of the Royal Statistical Society.In the 1960s he published and co-edited a number of volumes and monographs in statistical theory. In 1972, he became director of the World Fertility Survey, a project sponsored by the International Statistical Institute and the United Nations which aimed to study fertility in developed and developing nations. He continued this work until 1980, when illness forced him to retire. Honours
He was knighted by the British government


texts:
 in 1974 for his services to the theory of statistics, and received a medal from the United Nations in 1980 in recognition for his work on the World Fertility Survey. He was also elected a fellow of the British Academy and received the highest honour of the Royal Statistical Society, the Guy Medal in Gold. He additionally had served as president of the Operational Research Society, the Institute of Statisticians, and was elected a fellow of the American Statistical Association, the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, the Econometric Society, and the British Computer Society. At the time of his death in 1983, he was honorary president of the International Statistical Institute.Notes

<mask>'s first wife, Sheila (née Lester), predeceased him. He was survived by their daughter and two sons, and by his second wife, Ruth (née Whitfield) and their son. References

 Alan Stuart and Keith Ord, <mask>'s Advanced Theory of Statistics Volume 1 – Distribution Theory (Sixth Ed. ), 1994. Presidents of the International Statistical Institute
Presidents of the Royal Statistical Society
Fellows of the British Academy
Elected Members of the International Statistical Institute
Fellows of the American Statistical Association
Fellows of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics
Fellows of the British Computer Society
British operations researchers
Knights Bachelor
Members of HM Government Statistical Service
Civil servants in the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
English civil servants
English statisticians
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Academics of the London School of Economics
English mathematicians
20th-century American mathematicians
People from Kettering
1907 births
1983 deaths
Fellows of the Econometric Society
20th-century

masks:
Family Kendall
Kendall


texts:
<mask> (1 February 1921 – 4 December 2016) was a British writer of short stories and over 80 novels mainly romances from 1934 to 2016, she also signed under the pseudonym Claire Lorrimer, she had sold more than ten million copies. She served as Women's Auxiliary Air Force officer during World War II tracking Nazi bombers. Robins came from an artistic family. Her mother was the popular romance writer <mask>, who sold more than one hundred million copies and was the first president of the Romantic Novelists' Association (1960–1966). Her maternal grandmother was the writer K. C. Groom and her maternal grandfather was Herman Klein, a musician. Her maternal uncle was Adrian Cornwell-Clyne, who wrote books on photography and cinematography, another uncle was an artist, as is her daughter. Biography
<mask> was born on 1 February 1921 in Hove, Sussex, England, the second daughter of <mask>, a corn broker on the Baltic Exchange and <mask>, a prolific author, who sold more than one hundred million copies, and the first president of the Romantic Novelists' Association (1960–1966).She had two sisters, Eve Louise and Anne Eleanor. She was educated at Parents' National Educational Union at Burgess Hill, Sussex, and also in Switzerland and Germany. Her mother encouraged her to write, and at 12 she published her first children's novella in 1934. She worked as junior editor in a woman's magazine editorial and

masks:
Patricia Robins
Denise Robins
Patricia Denise Robins
Arthur Robins
Denise Robins


texts:
 published short stories. Thanks to her knowledge of German, she served as Women's Auxiliary Air Force officer during World War II. She tracking Nazi bombers with the fledgling British radar system in a top-secret RAF filter room. Not until 2013 she received recognition, because of the confidential nature of her work.During the war she also went on to write contemporary romance novels like her mother, she also published some children's stories. In 1947, she married former RAF pilot Donald Clark, they had three children, Ian, Nicky and Graeme. Because her husband's job, the family lived in many countries, including Libya. After their divorce, she started a relation with Mel Hack and moved to 400-year-old former barn in rural Kent. In the 1967 she started to use the pseudonym Claire Lorrimer to write Gothic romances, and later family sagas. Some of her early novels were reedited under different titles and as Clare Lorrimer. In her late years, she devoted more time to her eight grandchildren, Emily, Jemma, Polly, Charlotte, Thomas, Arthur, Max and Tilly, but she continued writing until her death.In 2007, she published her autobiography You Never Know as Claire Lorrimer. In March 2016, she was given the Outstanding Achievement Award at the Romantic Novelists' Association. She died on 4 December 2016 in Hove. Bibliography
Some of her novels have been reedited under different titles or as Clare


texts:
<mask> or <mask>  (, ,  – 21 February 1987) was a high-ranking Soviet Army commander of Ukrainian descent, who in his fifties became a dissident and a writer, one of the founders of the human rights movement in the Soviet Union. For 16 years, he was a professor of cybernetics at the Frunze Military Academy and chairman of its cybernetic section before joining the ranks of the early dissidents. In the mid-1970s <mask> helped to found the Moscow Helsinki Group and the Ukrainian Helsinki Group, before leaving the USSR for medical treatment in the United States. The Soviet government barred his return, and he never again returned to the Soviet Union. In the words of Joseph Alsop, <mask> publicly denounced the "totalitarianism that hides behind the mask of so-called Soviet democracy." Early life
<mask> was born in Borisovka village in Taurida Governorate, Russian Empire (in present-day
Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Ukraine). In 1939, he graduated with honors from the Kuybyshev Military Engineering Academy and the Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Russia.He took part in the battles of Khalkhin Gol, against the Japanese on the Manchurian border in 1939, and in the Second World War. He commanded troops in initial battles following 22 June 1941. During the war, he also commanded an infantry division in the Baltic for three years. He went on a military career and reached high ranks during World War II. After the war, being a decorated veteran, he left active career and taught at the Frunze Military Academy, reaching the rank of a Major General. In 1949, <mask> defended his Ph.D. thesis on the theme "Features of the organization and conduct of combined offensive battle in the mountains." In 1960, he completed work on his doctoral thesis.Over 70 of his scientific works on military science were published. Dissident activities

In

masks:
Petro Grigorenko
Petro Hryhorovych Hryhorenko
Grigorenko
Grigorenko
Petro Grigorenko
Grigorenko


texts: 1961, <mask> <mask> started to openly criticize what he considered the excesses of the Khrushchev regime. He maintained that the special privileges of the political elite did not comply with the principles laid down by Lenin. <mask> formed a dissident group — The Group for the Struggle to Revive Leninism. Soviet psychiatrists sitting as legally constituted commissions to inquire into his sanity diagnosed him at least three times — in April 1964, August 1969, and November 1969. When arrested, <mask> was sent to Moscow's Lubyanka prison, and from there for psychiatric examination to the Serbsky Institute where the first commission, which included Snezhnevsky and Lunts, diagnosed him as suffering from the mental disease in the form of a paranoid delusional development of his personality, accompanied by early signs of cerebral arteriosclerosis. Lunts, reporting later on this diagnosis, mentioned that the symptoms of paranoid development were "an overestimation of his own personality reaching messianic proportions" and "reformist ideas."<mask> was not responsible for his actions and was thereby forcibly committed to a special psychiatric hospital. While there, the government deprived him of his pension despite the fact that, by law, a mentally sick military officer was entitled to a pension. After six months, <mask> was found to be in remission and was released for outpatient follow-up. He required that his pension be restored. Although he began to draw pension again, it was severely reduced. He became much more active in his dissidence, stirred other people to protest some of the State's actions and received several warnings from the KGB. In 1968, after <mask> protested the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia, he was expelled from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, arrested and ultimately committed to a mental hospital until 26 June

masks: Petro Grigorenko Grigorenko Grigorenko Grigorenko Grigorenko Grigorenko


texts: 1974 after 5 years of detention.As <mask> had followers in Moscow, he was lured to the far-away Tashkent. While there, he was again arrested and examined by a psychiatric team. None of the manifestations or symptoms cited by the Lunts commission were found there by the second examination conducted under the chairmanship of Fyodor Detengof. The diagnosis and evaluation made by the commission was that "<mask>'s [criminal] activity had a purposeful character, it was related to concrete events and facts... It did not reveal any signs of illness or delusions." The psychiatrists reported that he was not mentally sick, but responsible for his actions. He had firm convictions which were shared by many of his colleagues and were not delusional.Having evaluated the records of his preceding hospitalization, they concluded that he had not been sick at that time either. The KGB brought <mask> back to Moscow and, three months later, arranged a second examination at the Serbsky Institute. Once again, these psychiatrists found that he had "a paranoid development of the personality" manifested by reformist ideas. The commission, which included Lunts and was chaired by Morozov, recommended that he be recommitted to a special psychiatric hospital for the socially dangerous. Eventually, after almost four years, he was transferred to a regular mental hospital. On 17 January 1971 <mask> was asked whether he had changed his convictions and replied that "Convictions are not like gloves, one cannot easily change them". In 1971, Dr. Semyon Gluzman wrote an in-absentia psychiatric report on <mask>.Gluzman came to the conclusion that <mask> was mentally sane and had been taken to mental hospitals for political reasons. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, Gluzman was forced to serve seven years in labor camp for defending <mask> against the charge of insanity.

masks: Grigorenko Grigorenko Grigorenko Grigorenko Grigorenko Grigorenko Grigorenko


texts:
 Amnesty International declared <mask> a prisoner of conscience. <mask> became the key defender of Crimean Tatars deported to Soviet Central Asia. He advised the Tatar activists not to confine their protests to the USSR, but to appeal also to international organizations including the United Nations. <mask> was one of the first who questioned the  official Soviet version of World War II history. He pointed out that just prior to the German attack on June 22, 1941, vast Soviet troops were concentrated in the area west of Białystok, deep in occupied Poland, getting ready for a surprise offensive, which made them vulnerable to be encircled in case of surprise German attack.His ideas were later advanced by Viktor Suvorov. After publishing Abdurakhman Avtorkhanov's book Stalin and the Soviet Communist Party: A Study in the Technology of Power, <mask> made and distributed its copies by photographing and typewriting. In 1976, <mask> helped found the Moscow Helsinki Group and the Ukrainian Helsinki Group. In the United States
On 20 December 1977, <mask> was allowed to go abroad for medical treatment. His health was ruined during forcible confinement in KGB-run mental hospitals. On 30 November 1977, <mask> arrived in the United States and was stripped of his Soviet citizenship. In <mask>'s words, Leonid Brezhnev signed the decree of depriving <mask> of Soviet citizenship on the ground that he was undermining the prestige of the Soviet Union.The 1970s marked a peak in the use of external exile as a punitive measure by the Soviet Union (as opposed to the internal type, which was highest between the mid-1930s and early 1950s); often the pattern was that a trip abroad for work or medical treatment was transformed into permanent exile. In the same year, <mask> became a U.S. citizen. Being in USA since 1977, <mask> took an active part in the activities

masks: Grigorenko Grigorenko Grigorenko Grigorenko Grigorenko Grigorenko Grigorenko Grigorenko Grigorenko Grigorenko Grigorenko


texts: of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group foreign affiliate. On 23 July 1978, <mask> made a statement condemning the trials of Soviet dissidents Anatoly Shcharansky, Aleksandr Ginzburg and Viktoras Petkus. In 1979 in New York, <mask> was examined by the team of psychologists and psychiatrists including Alan A. Stone, the then President of American Psychiatric Association. The team could find no evidence of mental disease in <mask> and his history consistent with mental disease in the past.Their findings were drawn up and publicized by Walter Reich. <mask>'s case confirmed accusations, Stone wrote, that psychiatry in the Soviet Union was at times a tool of political repression. <mask> <mask> described his life and views, and his assessment by Soviet psychiatrists and periods of incarceration in prison hospitals in his 1981 memoirs V Podpolye Mozhno Vstretit Tolko Krys… (In the Underground One Can Meet Only Rats…). In 1982, the book was translated into English by Thomas P. Whitney under the title Memoirs and reviewed by Alexander J. Motyl, Raymond L. Garthoff, John C. Campbell, Adam Ulam, Raisa Orlova and Lev Kopelev. In 1983, he said he considered the American political-economic system to be "the best that mankind has found to date." In 1983, a stroke he suffered left him partially paralyzed. <mask> died on 21 February 1987 in New York City.In 1991, a commission, composed of psychiatrists from all over the Soviet Union and led by Modest Kabanov, then director of the Bekhterev Psychoneurological Institute in St Petersburg, spent six months reviewing <mask>'s patient files. They drew up 29 thick volumes of legal proceedings, and in October 1991 reversed the official Soviet diagnosis of <mask>'s psychiatric condition. In 1992, an official post-mortem forensic psychiatric commission of experts met in Ukraine. They removed the stigma of being a mental

masks: Grigorenko Grigorenko Grigorenko Grigorenko Petro Grigorenko Grigorenko Grigorenko Grigorenko


texts:
 patient and confirmed that there were no grounds for the debilitating treatment he underwent in high security psychiatric hospitals for many years. The 1992 psychiatric examination of <mask> was described by the Nezavisimiy Psikhiatricheskiy Zhurnal in its numbers 1–4 of 1992. Family

<mask> <mask> was married to Zinaida Mikhailovna <mask> and they had five sons: Anatoly, Georgi, Oleg, Viktor and Andrew. Two of them died as children.In 1975, Andrew, an electrical engineer, was declared to have inherited his father's insanity. He was expelled from the USSR to the US, two years before <mask> and Zinaida <mask> themselves travelled to the United States. Andrew was repeatedly told that since his father was mentally ill, then he was also mad. If he did not stop speaking out in defense of human rights and his father, they told him, he would also be sent to the psikhushka. Subsequently, <mask>orenko Foundation, dedicated to the study of his father's legacy. Name spelling versions
The different Latin spellings of <mask>'s name exist due to the lack of uniform transliteration rules for the Ukrainian names in the middle of the 20th century, when he became internationally known. The correct modern transliteration would be <mask> Hryhorenko.However, according to the American identification documents of the late general the official spelling of his name was established as <mask> <mask>. The same spelling is engraved on his gravestone at the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of St. Andrew in South Bound Brook, New Jersey, USA. The same spelling is also retained by his surviving American descendants: son Andrew and granddaughters Tatiana and Olga. Honours and awards

 Soviet Union

 Ukraine

In Kharkiv the local Georgy Zhukov Avenue was renamed to Petro Grigorenko Avenue to comply with decommunization laws (this was several times undone by the Kharkiv city

masks:
Grigorenko
Petro
Grigorenko
Grigorenko
Petro
Grigorenko
Andrew Grigorenkorig
Grigorenko
Petro
Petro
Grigorenko


texts: <mask> (born 24 December 1937) is an American linguist-anthropologist, originally from Pauri (Uttarakhand, India), where he was raised in a priestly Brahmin family. Though his father and uncles broke their ancestral polygamous tradition he suffered from the aftereffects of polygamy. His father Satya Prasad was a World War II veteran of the Indo-British Army. He refused to shoot any Japanese soldier. The Indo-British army could have court-martialed him. Instead, they made him the Canteen Manager. He liked the job and thanked the Indo-British Army as he enjoyed whisky and cigarettes in the Canteen.However, his mother Kishori warned him not to drink and smoke! <mask> was educated at the Christian Messmore Intermediate College of Pauri. After completing a year of intermediate education he joined the D.A.V. College of Lucknow for his second and last year of Intermediate. Before moving to the United States in 1959, <mask> was educated at the University of Allahabad and graduated with a B.A. in Economics, Sanskrit, and English literature. From the University of Lucknow, he received an M.A.in Hindi literature. His training in linguistics started at the Indian School of Linguistics held at Deccan College, Pune, where he was taught Indo-Aryan linguistics by Professors Suniti Kumar Chatterjee and Sukumar Sen. He subsequently obtained an M.A. in linguistics from the University of California, Berkeley, and a Ph.D. in linguistics from the University of Chicago. He received a Ford Foundation Scholarship to study at the University of Chicago. As a graduate student at Berkeley and Chicago, he developed the Hindi teaching program with Professors John Gumperz and Norman Zide. Among his mentors are Professors Prabodh Pandit (Universities of Gujarat and Delhi), John

masks:
Anoop Chandola
Chandola
Chandola


texts: Gumperz (UC Berkeley), Edward Dimock and Norman Zide (University of Chicago).The professors who taught him Vedic literature are Kshetresh Chandra Chattopadhyay (University of Allahabad), Murray B. Emeneau (UC Berkeley), and George Bobrinskoy (University of Chicago). While a graduate student at Chicago he claimed in his paper "Animal Commands and their Linguistic Implications" (Word, Issue 2, 203-207, 1963) that languages such as Garhwali contain peripheral linguistic features found in certain behaviors, such as communicating with domestic or wild animals. His Ph.D. dissertation (1965) presents the first syntax of Garhwali, a central Pahari language of the Indo-Aryan group. He is one of the founders of the Linguistics Program at the University of Arizona. At the University of Arizona, he developed a Hindi program where he taught Hindi with his new method of language teaching. He named this method "Language-Culture Lab" where students perform various native cultural activities speaking the native language only. He also taught Indo-European linguistics which he studied with Professors Madison Beeler and Murray B. Emeneau (of Berkeley), Sydney Allen (of Cambridge), and Eric Hamp (of Chicago).He learned the Garhwali folk music from the Dalit drummers, dancers, and singers of the Garhwal Himalayas. Thus came his seminal research of the Garhwali "pandau" ( a rap dance-music based on the ancient Mahabharata epic). His writings reflect his pro-Dalit (the socially suppressed classes) and pro-women stand. Religion is responsible for his stand. In his opinion religion is an alternate reality—a cultural construct for the purpose of "behavioral satisfaction." His another stand is for animal rights. He and his wife Sudha (author of the book "Entranced by the


texts:
 Goddess: Folklore in North Indian Religion") live in Tucson and also in Kent (near Seattle) with their granddaughter Prasha, and son Manjul Varn <mask> ( a Seattle/Tacoma lawyer).Career

Chandola has taught Indian literature, culture, mythology, and religion at several universities in India and the US, including Sardar Patel University, the M.S. University of Baroda, the University of California-Berkeley, University of Washington-Seattle, University of Texas-Austin, and University of Wisconsin–Madison. His basic training of Indian music in the U.S.A. comes from musicians Zakir Hussain (Tabla), Aashis Khan (vocal), and Rajeshwari Dutta (vocal). He is a member of the American Anthropological Association, Association for Asian Studies, Linguistics Society of America, and Linguistic Society of India. Though he retired as Professor Emeritus of East Asian Studies at the University of Arizona in 2003, his writing career continues. He is a frequent guest lecturer on Hinduism and related religions. He is listed in Marquis Who's Who as a recipient of Albert Nelson Marquis Lifetime Achievement Award.<mask> has written scholarly books and articles primarily in the areas of linguistics, music, religion, and literature which includes extensive interdisciplinary and theoretical analysis. Publication of his seminal work "Folk Drumming in the Himalayas: A Linguistic Approach to Music" was supported in 1973-1974 by a grant from the National Science Foundation (Anthropology Program). This book and several papers advanced a new interdisciplinary field that he named "Musicolinguistics." Some of these papers include " Metalinguistic structure of Indian Drumming: a study in Musico-linguistics", Language and Style, II (4) : 288-295; "Some Systems of Musical Scales and

masks: Chandola Chandola


texts:
 Linguistic Principles", Semiotica, 2.135-150 (1970); "Aspects of Drum Knowledge amongst Musicians in Garhwal, North India", European Bulletin of Himalayan Research 63, p. 72; "Stress Behavior in Musicolinguistics", The Performing Arts (World Anthropology), Proceedings of IX International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, ed., The Hague: Mouton (1979); "Musicolinguistics in Literary Esthetics" (in the festschrift for Archibald Hill). His Hindi publications and citations are not listed here. His researches in Musicolinguistics have been favorably reviewed in the leading journals of anthropology, ethnomusicology, and linguistics. He holds that his use of the term "Musicolinguistics" containing the prefix "Musico-" before "-linguistics" also suggests the evolution of music, e.g.humming, before language. <mask> is also a novelist who covers multicultural themes. The motto of his novels is "inform and reform" (info-refo) with which he debunks harmful Indian religious traditions and advocates secular egalitarian society. An example is his latest novel "Mutilating Women", a Himalayan story predating the "Me-Too" revolution of abused women. Academic books
 "Hindi Newspaper Reader" With Colin P. Masica, C.M. Naim, John Roberts (University of Chicago)
 "The Poems of Surdas" With S. M. Pandey and Norman H. Zide (University of Chicago)
 "A Premchand Reader" With Norman H. Zide, Colin P. Masica, K.C. Bahl (East-West Center Press, Honolulu)
 Music As Speech: An Ethnomusicolinguistic Study of India (Published by Navrang Publishers, New Delhi)
 The Way to True Worship: Popular Story of Hinduism  (Published by The University Press of America, Lanham, New York City, London)
 Folk Drumming in the Himalayas: Linguistic Approach to Music  (Published


texts:
<mask> (August 12, 1915 – December 23, 2007) was an American film and stage choreographer, dancer and actor, whose career spanned five decades, and staged some of the leading Broadway and film musicals of the 1940s and 1950s. <mask>, strongly influenced by Charlie Chaplin and Léonide Massine, was an innovator in what came to be known as the "integrated musical", in which dance movements are integral to the plot. He was probably best known for his athletic dance numbers in Seven Brides for Seven Brothers, a 1954 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer musical. Film critic Stephanie Zacharek called the barn-raising sequence in Seven Brides "one of the most rousing dance numbers ever put on screen". He was the first choreographer to win five Tony Awards, and was awarded an honorary Oscar in 1996 for advancing dance in film. Early life and dance career
<mask> was born Milton Greenwald, in New York City on the Lower East Side, the son of Abraham Greenwald, a barber, and his wife Lillian, who were Jewish refugees from Czarist Russia. He moved to Brooklyn with his family and attended New Utrecht High School.He became interested in dance after attending a modern dance performance, and went on to study under Blanche Evan, a dancer and choreographer. He studied chemical engineering at the City College of New York in 1936 and 1937, but left after being granted a scholarship to the School of American Ballet. He toured the country as a member of the corps de ballet of Lincoln Kirstein’s Ballet Caravan, and performed in roles that included the lead in Billy the Kid, choreographed by Eugene Loring, which featured an orchestral

masks:
Michael Kidd
Kidd
Kidd


texts:
 arrangement by Aaron Copland. He adopted the name <mask> in 1942. At the time he was performing with Ballet Caravan and all the dancers were urged to adopt "American" names. He chose Kidd because it was short, easy to remember, and evocative of the pirate Captain <mask>. In 1941, Kidd became a soloist and assistant to Loring in his Dance Players.He became a soloist for Ballet Theater, later known as the American Ballet Theatre. His performances there included Fancy Free (1944) choreographed by Jerome Robbins and with music by Leonard Bernstein, in which he played one of the three sailors. While at the ABT, he created his own ballet, On Stage! (1945). Although the play and his performance were well received, and the New York Times observed that Kidd was "hailed as one of the great hopes of postwar American ballet," he left Loring's company for Broadway in 1947 and never again worked in ballet. Broadway and Hollywood
Kidd's first choreography on Broadway was for E.Y. Harburg's Finian's Rainbow, a lyrical musical that explored racial prejudice.<mask> won his first Tony Award for that play. However, his next Broadway musicals were not successful. They were Hold It, a college musical, and the Kurt Weill/Alan Jay Lerner musical Love Life, directed by Elia Kazan, which both had short runs in 1948. Next came Arms and the Girl (1950), directed by Rouben Mamoulian, with Pearl Bailey and Nanette Fabray, also a flop. Frank Loesser’s Guys and Dolls (1950), his next play, cemented his reputation as a Broadway choreographer. It was based on Damon Runyon short stories, with book by Abe Burrows, and earned <mask> his

masks:
Michael Kidd
Kidd
Kidd
Kidd


texts: second Tony Award. The play attracted the attention of movie producers, and he was lured to Hollywood.His first film was a 1952 film adaptation of Frank Loesser's 1948 Broadway musical Where's Charley?, starring Ray Bolger repeating his Broadway performance in the lead role. His first big film success came the following year with The Band Wagon, starring Fred Astaire and Cyd Charisse. The Band Wagon, which featured the music and lyrics of Howard Dietz and Arthur Schwartz, included an extensive dance sequence at the end, the "Girl Hunt Ballet" featuring Astaire and Charisse, which was a spoof of hard-boiled Mickey Spillane novels. <mask> was hired to stage the film's dances at Astaire's request because he was nervous about the ballet. Kidd said that he made Astaire comfortable by pretending that he was just making up the steps spontaneously. The film also featured "Shine on Your Shoes", set in a 42nd Street penny arcade and featuring Astaire and LeRoy Daniels, a real-life shoe-shiner, and "Dancing in the Dark" with Charisse, set in Central Park. <mask>'s work for the 1954 film Seven Brides for Seven Brothers brought him acclaim.The film was directed by Stanley Donen, with music by Saul Chaplin and Gene de Paul and lyrics by Johnny Mercer. It was written directly for the screen and based on the short story "The Sobbin' Women", by Stephen Vincent Benét, which was based in turn on the ancient Roman legend of The Rape of the Sabine Women. He initially turned down the assignment, recalling in 1997: "Here are these slobs living off in the woods. They have no schooling, they are uncouth, there's manure on

masks: Kidd Kidd


texts: the floor, the cows come in and out—and they're gonna get up and dance? We'd be laughed out of the house." The entire cast, even extras, consisted of a melange of dancers, acrobats and stuntmen, including the ballet dancers Jacques D'Amboise of the New York City Ballet and Marc Platt, formerly of the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo. Except for Howard Keel and Jane Powell, the roles of the brothers and their brides were all played by professional dancers at Kidd's insistence.Mercer said that the musical numbers were written at <mask>'s behest, as an example "of how a songwriter sometimes has to take his cue from his collaborators". For example, <mask> explained to Mercer and dePaul his conception of the "Lonesome Polecat" number, the lament of the brothers for the women, and the two worked out the music and lyrics. By the mid-1950s, Hollywood's output of movie musicals had begun to wane, and he worked on only two during that decade. He made his movie acting debut in It's Always Fair Weather (1955), directed by Gene Kelly and Donen, in which Kelly, <mask> and Dan Dailey played three ex-GIs meeting 10 years after the war, only to discover they had little in common. The film featured an exuberant number in which the three dance with garbage can lids fastened to their feet. The downbeat film was a critical success but was not heavily promoted by the studio, and failed at the box office. The film was originally designed to be a sequel to the 1949 film On the Town, but Frank Sinatra and Jules Munshin were unavailable, and the film lacked chemistry among the three actors.The production was marked by constant

masks: Kidd Kidd Kidd


texts: strife between Donen and Kelly, with much of it stemming from Donen's striving unsuccessfully to include "Jack and the Space Giants", a 10-minute dance solo by Kidd. Kelly rejected this, which Kidd took as a personal insult, and Donen went further, ending his collaboration with Kelly for the rest of their lives. The "Jack" number appears as a bonus feature on a DVD of the film, and one commentator suggests that Kelly's judgment was not wrong as the number was listless and did not advance the plot. <mask> was both director and choreographer for the musical comedy film Merry Andrew (1958), starring Danny Kaye. By then, the era of movie musicals was pretty much over, and Kidd turned his attention to Broadway, where he had continued to work while choreographing movies. At the same time that he was choreographing The Band Wagon, he was staging dances for Cole Porter’s Broadway musical Can-Can. In this show, he created dance numbers for Gwen Verdon that helped make her a Broadway sensation.His other Broadway shows during the 1950s included Li'l Abner in 1956, which he directed as well as choreographed. He won another Tony Award for his choreography, which was adapted for the film version in 1959. After Merry Andrew, however, he made no other films until Star!, with Julie Andrews, in 1968. Neither film was successful. On Broadway, he directed and choreographed Destry Rides Again (1959), with Andy Griffith, Wildcat (1960), which starred Lucille Ball, Subways Are for Sleeping (1961), a musical comedy about homelessness, and Ben Franklin in Paris (1964), starring Robert Preston. He also choreographed the


texts: famous Broadway flop Breakfast at Tiffany's (1966), a musical version of the Truman Capote novella with Mary Tyler Moore and Richard Chamberlain that never officially opened. He choreographed the 1969 film adaptation of the hit Broadway play Hello, Dolly!The film was beset by tension on the unhappy set, with Barbra Streisand clashing with her costar Walter Matthau and director Gene Kelly; Kidd also had conflicts with costume designer Irene Sharaff and Kelly to the point that he and Kelly were no longer on speaking terms. The film was not a success as a musical, with Kelly and Kidd making little use of the widescreen format of the film. Critic Tom Santopietro described their approach as "shoveling more and more bodies on screen with no apparent purpose". He went on to direct and choreograph the 1970 Broadway musical The Rothschilds, starring Hal Linden, and directed The Goodbye Girl, with Bernadette Peters and Martin Short, a 1993 adaptation of the 1977 Neil Simon film that was his final Broadway play. Although he was nominated for a Tony Award for best director, reviews were mixed. In The New York Times, Frank Rich wrote that "<mask>, who did much to define slam-bang Broadway and Hollywood musical-comedy style in the 1950s, directs The Goodbye Girl in a mechanical reduction of that style: Everything is fast, furious, loud and downstage center. Not that any director could overcome this musical's physical production."<mask> appeared in supporting roles as a character actor in the 1970s and 1980s, beginning with his performance as the faded, cynical choreographer for a cheesy beauty pageant in the


texts:
 satirical 1975 film Smile. Film critic Roger Ebert called <mask>'s portrayal of the pageant choreographer a "finely etched semiautobiographical performance". He acted in and staged the musical sequences in the 1978 film Movie Movie, which was directed by Stanley Donen, with whom he'd worked in Seven Brides for Seven Brothers and It's Always Fair Weather. Kidd directed an episode of the TV comedy Laverne and Shirley (1976) as well as scenes for Janet Jackson in two music videos: When I Think of You (1986) and Alright (1990). He conceived and choreographed the television special Baryshnikov in Hollywood, starring Mikhail Baryshnikov in 1982, for which he was nominated for an Emmy Award. Personal life
<mask> died of cancer at the age 92 at his home in Los Angeles, California. His marriage to the dancer Mary Heater in 1940 ended in divorce.At his death, he was survived by his wife Shelah Hackett, whom he married in 1969, two daughters from his first marriage, and a son and daughter from his second. Kidd was the uncle of filmmaker and political activist Robert Greenwald. His older brother was Harold Greenwald, a prominent psychotherapist and best-selling author of the 1958 book The Call Girl, who was an expert in the study of prostitution. Choreographic style
Kidd was unusually well-respected, and his judgment was granted deference by the leading dancers of his era. British critic and biographer <mask> said at the time of his death that "when Gene Kelly danced through the street with a dustbin lid tied to his feet in the 1955 film It's Always Fair Weather, the man who usually planned his own routines did

masks:
Kidd
Kidd
Michael Freedland


texts: it to Kidd's order". His realistic approach, designing dances that were inspired by the way ordinary people behaved, led one critic to observe that "Kidd is, in a way, the originator of the fantasy that if only your life shaped up and offered you the right moments, you too would be able to dance like a Hollywood star". Kidd believed that dance needed to derive from life, saying that his "dancing is based on naturalistic movement that is abstracted and enlarged", and that "all my movements relate to some kind of real activity".He always wanted dance to serve the story, and when beginning a new work he would write a scenario, explaining how the plot drove the characters to dance. His biggest influences were Charlie Chaplin, "because he expressed through movement the aspirations of the little man", and the dancer and choreographer Léonide Massine, "because he expressed more than just balletic ability—he was always a character on stage, an exaggerated character, which I do all the time: an exaggeration of ordinary movement". His distinct style was evident in his early days in ballet. Describing a rare film clip of his performance in On Stage, dance critic Anna Kisselgoff recounted that Kidd in one scene played a handyman consoling ballerina Janet Reed, playing a shy young woman at a ballet audition. "Classical technique was used to expressive purpose as the wonderful Miss Reed grew visibly exuberant and confident as Mr. Kidd, broom in hand, entertained her with his virtuosic performance." He once said that "in choreography, ordinary movements from real life are taken and extended, so they become dance


texts: movements, yet the relation to reality must always be there. It's important for me to know who the characters are and what their function is in the script.I must be able to illustrate either their activities, their emotions, or their changes in mood by the way they dance, all the while keeping the dance movements footed in reality and yet making the movements sort of odd and eccentric." This philosophy was reflected in the early scene from The Band Wagon, when Fred Astaire walks down a railroad platform singing "By Myself." His walk was not quite a dance, and epitomized Kidd's style. In a 2012 appreciation of his work, Dance Teacher stated that "Kidd drew from the vocabularies of ballet, modern, social dance and acrobatics. But above all, his choreography stemmed from realistic movements and gestures. Following in the tradition of Agnes de Mille and Jerome Robbins, who developed the integrated musical, Kidd created dances that helped to carry the plot and flesh out the characters. He put the story first, communicating it through dance."<mask> once said that "every move, every turn should mean something. Dancing should be completely understandable." In Seven Brides for Seven Brothers he employed leading ballet dancers, but insisted that his dancers avoid ballet dance moves, and instead focus on "work movements like ax wielding". In choreographing Seven Brides, <mask> once said that he "had to find a way to have these backwoods men dance without looking ridiculous. I had to base it all around activities you would accept from such people—it couldn't look like ballet. And it could only have been done by


texts: superbly trained dancers." Yet he was able to integrate into the cast Russ Tamblyn, a non-dancer MGM contract player who was assigned to the film, by using his talents as a gymnast and tumbler in the dance numbers.<mask>'s personal favorite of the films he choreographed, however, was not Seven Brides or Band Wagon but Guys and Dolls, which he felt was "the best, most inventive and best integrated musical I've ever seen". Although he came from the world of classic ballet, a Los Angeles Times critic noted at his death that he had "a healthy disdain for its pretensions". He staged a comedic ballet sequence for the 1954 Danny Kaye film Knock on Wood, in which Kaye is chased into a theater and hides on stage during a performance by a Russian ballet company. The sequence allowed Kidd to lampoon the stylistic excesses he'd observed as a dancer at the American Ballet Theater. As in his choreography for both the Broadway and 1955 film adaptation of Guys and Dolls, and in the "Girl Hunt Ballet", Kidd's choreography in Seven Brides exuded masculinity. One history of the musical theater observes that "Kidd forged dances, and shows, in which men were men, leaping high, stout hearted, and passionate about their dolls". He choreographed "for the little guy, the working guy, the guy defined by his job and the movement that job entailed".Although Kidd drove his dancers hard, partly because he himself was capable of doing all the dance steps that he required of them, his personal style was gentle. Nanette Fabray, who performed in Love Life, could only make dancing turns to the left side because of a hearing problem.


texts:
 Rather than insisting she turn to the right, as many choreographers would do, Kidd "found that fascinating, and he made all the other dancers turn to the left". Julie Andrews recalled that the "Burlington Bertie From Bow" number in Star! was physically demanding, and she balked when Kidd asked her for a retake, saying she had a bad back. Andrews recalled that "he looked crestfallen. Then he said 'I wasn't trying to be mean.I just knew that when you saw it on film, you wouldn't be pleased.' I always thought that was a nice way to say 'Once more. Awards
Kidd was the first choreographer to win five Tony Awards, and received nine Tony nominations. He was awarded an Academy Honorary Award in 1997 "in recognition of his services to the art of dance in the art of the screen". He was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame in 1981. Film credits

Where's Charley? (1952) – choreographer
The Band Wagon (1953) – co-choreographer with Fred Astaire
Knock on Wood (1954) – choreographer
Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1954) – choreographer
Guys and Dolls (1955) – choreographer
It's Always Fair Weather (1955) – actor
Merry Andrew (1958) – director and choreographer
Li'l Abner (1959) – original choreography
Star!(1968) – choreographer
Hello, Dolly! (1969) – choreographer
Smile (1975) – actor
Actor (1978) (TV movie) – actor
Movie Movie (1978) – actor, musical staging
For the Love of It (TV Movie) (1980) – actor
Skin Deep (1989) – actor

Broadway credits

Filling Station (1939) – ballet – dancer in the role of "The Gangster"
Billy the Kid (1939) – ballet to the music of Aaron Copland – dancer
Pocahontas (1939)


texts:
 – ballet to the music of Elliott Carter – dancer cast as an "Indian Man"
Billy the Kid (1942 revival) – director and dancer
Interplay (1945) – ballet to the music of Morton Gould and choreography of Jerome Robbins – dancer
Fancy Free (1946) – ballet, with music of Leonard Bernstein and choreography of Jerome Robbins – dancer cast as a "Sailor"
Finian's Rainbow (1947) – musical – choreographer – Tony Award for Best Choreography
Hold


texts:
<mask> (May 10, 1911 – November 14, 1967) was a United States Marine Corps major general who was killed in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War. He was the first and only Marine Corps division commander to be killed in any war. He was also the first American general officer to be killed in Vietnam, although U.S. Air Force Major General William Crumm had been killed on July 24, 1967, in a B-52 bomber collision over the South China Sea. Hochmuth, four other marines, and a South Vietnamese Army aide were killed when a UH-1E Huey helicopter they were riding in from VMO-3 exploded and crashed five miles northwest of Huế. Biography
Hochmuth was born on May 10, 1911, in Houston, Texas. He graduated from high school in 1930 and completed a Bachelor of Science degree in Industrial Education from Texas A&M University in June 1935. He was commissioned a Marine second lieutenant in July 1935, upon resigning a U.S. Army Reserve commission.After completing The Basic School at the Philadelphia Navy Yard, he joined the Marine detachment at the Texas Centennial in Dallas, Texas, in June 1936. In December 1936, he was transferred to 2nd Battalion, 6th Marines in San Diego, California. Departing for Shanghai, China, in August 1937, he served briefly with the 6th Marines, then served two and a half years duty with the 4th Marines. While overseas, he was promoted to first lieutenant in July 1938. He remained with the 4th Marines in China until 1940. Upon his return to the United States, Lieutenant Hochmuth was attached to the 7th Defense Battalion in September 1940. In February 1941, he embarked with the 7th Defense Battalion to American and Western Samoa.He


texts: was promoted to major in May 1942. He remained in the Pacific Theater for two years, returning to the United States in March 1943, where he was assigned to the Antiaircraft Artillery School at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, until June 1943. From June until May 1944, Hochmuth served as assistant director, Command and Staff School, Quantico, Virginia, prior to embarking again for the Pacific area. In May 1944, Major Hochmuth deployed again as assistant operations officer for the III Marine Amphibious Corps and participated in the Battle of Saipan and Battle of Tinian. He then commanded 3rd Battalion, 4th Marines during the Battle of Okinawa. For his service during Okinawa Campaign, Hochmuth received the Legion of Merit with Combat "V". Following the surrender of Japan he was the executive officer of the 4th Marine Regiment when they landed in Japan on August 29, 1945.As executive officer of the 4th Marines, he made the initial landing on Japan August 29, 1945, and on September 2 of the same year attended the formal surrender ceremony at Yokosuka. He then commanded the Marine Barracks at Yokosuka for almost two years. For his service there, he was awarded the Navy Commendation Medal. Returning to the United States in August 1947, he served at Headquarters Marine Corps for three years, then entered the Industrial College at Fort McNair in Washington, D.C. He graduated in June 1951, and returned to Camp Lejeune as commanding officer, 2nd Marines. In July 1952, he was named G-1 Officer, 2nd Marine Division at Camp Lejeune. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in August 1947 with rank from October 1942, and to colonel in January


texts:
 1951.Ordered to Kingston, Ontario, in September 1953, he served as instructor, Canadian Army Staff College, for two years. He again went to the Far East in August 1955 and served as G-4 Officer, 3rd Marine Division, Japan and Okinawa. In August 1956, Colonel Hochmuth was assigned to Marine Corps Base Quantico, Virginia, as a member of the Advanced Research Group, Marine Corps Educational Center. In July 1957, he was transferred to the Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego and served as chief of staff through October 1959. While stationed in San Diego, he was promoted to brigadier general in November 1959 and served briefly thereafter as commanding general of the Marine Corps Recruit Depot and, later, as commanding general of the Recruit Training Command. In January 1960, General Hochmuth reported to Headquarters Marine Corps, where he served as deputy chief of staff (research and development). While serving in this capacity, he was promoted to major general in August 1963.That November, he assumed duty as commanding general, Marine Corps Recruit Depot, San Diego, California. For meritorious achievement from November 1963 to February 1967, General Hochmuth was awarded a gold 5/16 inch star in lieu of a second Navy Commendation Medal. Vietnam and death
Beginning on March 19, 1967, Hochmuth served as commanding general, 3rd Marine Division, in the Republic of Vietnam. On November 14, Hochmuth and five others were riding in a helicopter on an inspection tour. The helicopter exploded and crashed soon after it took off. At the time of his death, he was the most senior U.S. military officer to be killed in the war. The details of his death were


texts:
 later described by his subordinate and commanding officer, 4th Marine Regiment, Colonel William L. Dick.Dick was located at his headquarters at Phu Bai, when he learned of the crash around 1400 on 14 November. Since he had a helicopter sitting on a pad at his headquarters, Dick, accompanied by his operations officer, Major James D. Beans, and the regimental sergeant major, quickly reached the crash scene. Colonel Dick described the rescue attempt:

For his service during this period, he was posthumously awarded the Navy Distinguished Service Medal and Purple Heart. Hochmuth was buried with full military honors at Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery, San Diego, California, on November 18, 1967. Awards and decorations
A complete list of General Hochmuth's military awards includes:

Honors
Hochmuth Hall, MCIA headquarters building at Marine Corps Base Quantico is named in his honor. An avenue is named after him at MCRD San Diego. See also
James D. Beans
Edward B. Burdett
William Crumm

Notes

References

Further reading

1911 births
1967 deaths
People from Houston
Texas A&M University alumni
United States Marine Corps generals
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II
United States Marine Corps personnel of the Vietnam War
American military personnel killed in the Vietnam War
Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
5 Hochmuth, <mask>
Recipients of the Gallantry Cross (Vietnam)
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1967
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Vietnam
Victims of helicopter accidents or incidents
Burials at Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery
Military personnel from


texts:
<mask> (January 21, 1815 – January 24, 1848) was an American dentist who pioneered the use of anesthesia in dentistry, specifically the use of nitrous oxide (or laughing gas). Early life
<mask> was the first of three children of <mask> and <mask>, born on January 21, 1815 in Hartford, Vermont. His parents were well-educated and affluent land owners, which allowed him to attend private schools in New Hampshire and Amherst, Massachusetts. At the age of 19 in 1834, <mask> began studying dentistry under a 2-year apprenticeship in Boston. The first dental school did not open until 1840 in Baltimore. At age 23, <mask> published a booklet "An Essay on Teeth" in which he advocated for his ideas in preventive dentistry, particularly for the use of a toothbrush. In his booklet, he also described tooth development and oral diseases, where he mentioned diet, infection, and oral hygiene as important factors.After obtaining a degree, <mask> set up a practice in Hartford, Connecticut, with an associate named William T. G. Morton, who would become famous for his use of ether as an anesthetic on October 16, 1846. Career
After he completed dental training in Boston, <mask> opened his own office in Hartford, Connecticut on April 4, 1836. Between 1841 and 1845, <mask> became a reputable dentist in Hartford, where he had many patients and attracted apprentices. Among his patients were respected members of society such as William Ellsworth, the governor of Connecticut. His three apprentices were John Riggs, C. A. Kingsbury, and William Morton. In 1843, <mask> and Morton started a practice in Boston and <mask> continued to instruct Morton. John Riggs later became a partner and Kingsbury became one of the founders of Philadelphia Dental

masks:
Horace Wells
Wells
Horace
Betsy Heath Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells


texts: College.<mask> first witnessed the effects of nitrous oxide on December 10, 1844, when he and his wife Elizabeth attended a demonstration by Gardner Quincy Colton billed in the Hartford Courant as "A Grand Exhibition of the Effects Produced by Inhaling Nitrous Oxide, Exhilarating, or Laughing Gas." The demonstration took place at Union Hall, Hartford. During the demonstration, a local apothecary shop clerk Samuel A. Cooley became intoxicated by nitrous oxide. While under the influence, Cooley did not react when he struck his legs against a wooden bench while jumping around. After the demonstration, Cooley was unable to recall his actions while under the influence, but found abrasions and bruises on his knees. From this demonstration, <mask> realized the potential for the analgesic properties of nitrous oxide, and met with Colton about conducting trials. The following day, <mask> conducted a trial on himself by inhaling nitrous oxide and having John Riggs extract a tooth.Upon a successful trial where he did not feel any pain, <mask> went on to use nitrous oxide on at least 12 other patients in his office. In 1844, Hartford did not have a hospital, so <mask> sought to demonstrate his new findings in either Boston or New York. He chose to go to Boston in January 1845 where he previously studied dentistry, and also knew William Morton, a former student and associate. <mask> and Morton's practice was dissolved in October 1844, but they remained on friendly terms. Morton was enrolled in Harvard Medical School at the time and agreed to help <mask> introduce his ideas, although Morton was skeptical about the use of nitrous oxide. He gave a demonstration to medical students at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston on

masks: Wells Wells Wells Wells Wells Wells Wells


texts:
 January 20, 1845. However, the gas was improperly administered and the patient cried out in pain.The patient later admitted that although he cried out in pain, he remembered no pain and did not know when the tooth was extracted. It was later found that the gas is not as effective on both obese people and alcoholics – the patient was both  The audience of students in the surgical theatre jeered "humbug". After the embarrassment from his failed demonstration, <mask> immediately returned home to Hartford the next day. Shortly after, he became ill and his dental practice became sporadic. On February 5, 1845, <mask> advertised his home for rent. On April 7, 1845, <mask> advertised in the Hartford Courant that he was going to dissolve his dental practice, and referred all his patients to Riggs, the man who had extracted his tooth. In October 1846, Morton gave a successful demonstration of ether anesthesia in Boston.Following Morton's demonstration, <mask> published a letter accounting his successful trials in 1844 in an attempt to claim the discovery of anesthesia. His efforts in establishing his claim were mostly unsuccessful. Despite his advertisement for dissolving his practice in April 1845, <mask> sporadically continued his practice, with his last daybook entry being on November 5, 1845. Later years
<mask> closed his office nine times and relocated six different times between 1836 and 1847. He closed his office due to ill health, although his physician could not find any physical cause for his non-specific complaints. He mentioned his recurring illness in a letter to his sister <mask> Cole in April 1837. He also became ill shortly after marrying Elizabeth Wales in 1838 and having his only son Charles Thomas

masks:
Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells
Mary Wells


texts:
 <mask>.During winter months, he would not write letters to any family or friends, except for his published letter in 1846 after Morton's ether demonstration. <mask> definitively ended his dental practice in late 1845 and began selling shower baths for which he received a patent for on November 4, 1846. He also planned to sail to Paris to purchase paintings to resell in the United States. He traveled to Paris in early 1847, where he petitioned the Academie Royale de Medicine and the Parisian Medical Society for recognition in the discovery of anesthesia. <mask> moved to New York City in January 1848, leaving his wife and young son behind in Hartford. He lived alone at 120 Chambers St in Lower Manhattan and began self-experimenting with ether and chloroform, and he became addicted to chloroform. The effects of sniffing chloroform and ether were unknown.<mask> rushed into the street on January 21, 1848, his 33rd birthday, and threw sulfuric acid over the clothing of two prostitutes. He was committed to New York's infamous Tombs Prison. As the influence of the drug waned, his mind started to clear and he realised what he had done. He asked the guards to escort him to his house to pick up his shaving kit. He committed suicide in his cell on January 24, slitting his left femoral artery with a razor after inhaling an analgesic dose of chloroform. He is buried at Cedar Hill Cemetery in Hartford, Connecticut. Legacy
Twelve days before his death, the Parisian Medical Society voted and honored him as the first to discover and perform surgical operations without pain.In addition, he was elected an honorary member and awarded an honorary MD degree. However, <mask> died unaware of these decisions. <mask> first voiced his concern for

masks: Wells Wells Wells Wells Wells Wells


texts:
 minimizing his patient's pain during dental procedures in 1841. He was known for caring about his patient's comfort. During his time as a dentist, <mask> advocated for regular check ups for dental hygiene, and also began the practice of pediatric dentistry in order to start dental care early. The American Dental Association honored <mask> posthumously in 1864 as the discoverer of modern anesthesia, and the American Medical Association recognized his achievement in 1870. A monument to <mask> was raised in the Place des États-Unis, Paris.Hartford, Connecticut, has a statue of <mask> in Bushnell Park. In popular culture
 The story of Dr. <mask>' self-experimentation with drugs was explored in an episode of Science Channel's Dark Matters: Twisted But True in a story entitled "Jekyll vs Hyde", comparing it to the Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. A full-length theatrical production, entitled Ether Dome, written by Elizabeth Egloff and directed by Michael Wilson centers around the story of <mask>' discovery of nitrous oxide as an anesthetic, as well as the life of his protege and partner, William Morton. See also
 Dental anesthesiology
 Humphry Davy
 Crawford Long
 James Young Simpson
 Place des États-Unis

Gallery

References

Further reading

Musto, David F., "They Inhaled", New York Times, August 12, 2001 (review of Ether Day)

External links
 Dr <mask> (1815–1848) Accessed: 2008-06-17

 Vermont History – Horace Wells
 Herald (Scotland)

1815 births
1848 deaths
American anesthesiologists
American dentists
Burials at Cedar Hill Cemetery (Hartford, Connecticut)
People from Hartford, Connecticut
People from Hartford, Vermont
Suicides by sharp instrument in the United States
Suicides in New York (state)
1840s

masks:
Wells
Wells
Horace Wells
Horace Wells
Wells
Horace Wells
Horace Wells


texts:
<mask> (born 8 April 1989) is an Indian actress and singer who works primarily in Malayalam, Telugu, Tamil, and Kannada films. She has acted in more than 50 films and is a recipient of several accolades, including three Filmfare Awards South and two Nandi Awards. <mask> appeared first on-screen as a child, when she was eight, in the English film, The Monkey Who Knew Too Much (1998), playing the younger sister to Tabu's character. She started her acting career at the age of 16 by appearing in a supporting role in the Kannada film 7 O' Clock, which was released in 2006. She made her debut in leading roles in Malayalam with Aakasha Gopuram (2008), in Telugu with Ala Modalaindi (2011) and in Tamil with Nootrenbadhu (2011). In 2019, she made her Hindi debut with Mission Mangal. Early life
<mask> was born on 8 April 1989, in Bangalore to Malayali parents settled in Karnataka.Menen cannot read or write Malayalam and identifies herself as a Kannadiga. She was educated at Poorna Prajna Education Centre, Indiranagar and Mount Carmel College, Bangalore. She was educated at Poorna Prajna School and Mount Carmel College, Bangalore. She later studied journalism at the Manipal Academy of Higher Education. She once said in an interview that she never wished to become an actress but a journalist, but ultimately found journalism unappealing, so she pivoted to filmmaking, and enrolled in a cinematography course at the Film and Television Institute of India at Pune. During the school's entrance exam, she met B. V. Nandini Reddy, who convinced Menen to take up acting. Reddy would later turn director and sign Menen for a lead role in her

masks:
Nithya Menen
Nithya Menen
Nithya Menen