texts:
 Latin singers of all the times.Life and career

1948–1962: Childhood
<mask> Sosa Ortiz was born on 17 February 1948 in Clavería, Azcapotzalco, Mexico City. His father, <mask> Esquivel, was an operatic tenor (tenor comprimario) and his mother, Margarita Ortiz, was a classical pianist. When <mask> showed interest in singing, they tried to discourage him claiming that it was too difficult to be successful in show business. In that time, his reportedly alcoholic father abandoned the family forcing <mask> to work to help his mother and younger brother. 1963–1969: Beginnings as singer
At the age of fifteen, his mother gave him his first piano. Besides working in his teens, he learned to play guitar and sang in the church and in serenades along with his neighborhood friends for extra money. In 1967, at the age of 19, <mask> formed Los Peg, a Mexican band of bossa nova/jazz.Although they made several recordings as a group, their songs were not successful. In 1965, under the name of "Pepe Sosa", pursuing a solo career encouraged by his mother, he recorded the singles "Ma vie" and "El Mundo" without success. He made a breakthrough with his artistic career when he was invited to perform a song for a friend's sister on her birthday. His friend's sister was the executive secretary for the managing director of Orfeón Records. He joined his first name "<mask>" with his father's first name - also <mask> - who died of alcoholism. He signed a contract with RCA Victor and recorded his first album: <mask> (also known as Cuidado). The album featured songs by Rubén Fuentes and Armando Manzanero.It was arranged by his former teacher Mario

masks:
José Rómulo
José Sosa
José
José
José
José
José
José José


type: original

texts:
 Patrón, who was considered the best jazz musician of Mexico, and employed Brazilian percussionist Mayuto Correa, who was in Mexico City playing with bossa nova stars João Gilberto, Carlos Lira, Leny Andrade and Tamba Trio. The album's sound is a combination of boleros and romantic ballads with a jazz and bossa nova influence. The quality of his debut album garnered praise from critics but did not achieve much popular success. 1970–1980: "El Triste", consolidation and Ariola Records

In early 1970 he released the song "La nave del olvido" which became his first big hit in Mexico and Latin America, and recorded his second album: La Nave Del Olvido. <mask>'s big break came on 15 March 1970, when he represented Mexico in the international song festival the II Festival de la Canción Latina (Latin Song Festival II, predecessor of the OTI Festival) with a performance of the song "El Triste". Although <mask> finished in third place, his performance helped launch his music career to a wider audience. <mask> had several major hits in the 1970s including "De Pueblo en Pueblo", "Hasta Que Vuelvas",  "Déjame Conocerte", "Sentimientos", "Paloma", and "Gavilan o Paloma".One song which was played on the radio, "El Príncipe" ("The Prince"), earned the artist the title "El Príncipe de la Canción" ("The Prince of Songs") from a DJ. In 1973, Frank Sinatra listened to <mask>'s music at Reprise Records and invited him to record a duet and a full album under Sinatra's label. The collaboration was impossible due to <mask>'s exclusivity agreement with his label. In 1976, <mask> signed with Ariola Records with Reencuentro being the first albums

masks:
José
José José
José José
José
José
José


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 to released under the label a year later. 1980–1989: International stardom, Secretos and Mexico's top singer
<mask> released several successful albums including Amor Amor (1980), Romántico (1981), Gracias (1981), Mi Vida. The former album sold over 1.5 million copies in Latin America. He recorded the Spanish version of the hit "New York, New York", as a tribute to friend Frank Sinatra.In 1983, <mask> released Secretos, in which he collaborated with Manuel Alejandro for the album's compositions. "Lo Dudo" ("I Doubt It") and "El Amor Acaba" ("The Love is Over") were major hits from the album and Secretos became the bestselling recording in his career with four million copies sold. Secretos was nominated for Best Latin Pop Performance in the Grammy Awards of 1985. Following the release of Secretos, <mask> continued the international success. He released Reflexiones in 1984. The album was written, produced and arranged by Rafael Pérez-Botija and sold over 2 million copies worldwide. Reflexiones  became the first album to reach number-one on the Billboard Latin Pop Albums in the United States upon its establishment in 1985 and was also nominated for Best Latin Pop Performance in the 1986 Grammy Awards.In 1985, <mask> collaborated performers such as Plácido Domingo, Julio Iglesias, Roberto Carlos, <mask> Rodríguez "El Puma", Pedro Vargas and Vicente Fernández for the charity single, "Cantaré, cantarás". He also performed a duet with Puerto Rican singer <mask> on the song "Por Ella" ("For Her") on Feliciano's album Ya Soy Tuyo (1985) which was also nominated in the same category on the 1986 Grammy Awards. The same year, <mask>

masks:
José José
José José
José
José José
José Luis
José Feliciano
José


texts: starred in his autobiographic film Gavilán o Paloma, alongside Christian Bach and the comedian Jorge Ortiz de Pinedo. The following, he released the album Promesas, written, produced and arranged by Pérez-Botija. Its main hits were "Amantes", "Me vas a echar de menos", "Más", and "Tú me estás volviendo loco". One of the album's singles, "Pruébame", was nominated for Best Latin Pop Performance at the 1987 Grammy Awards. Promesas became his second number-one album on the Billboard Latin Pop Albums.On his next album Siempre Contigo in 1986 he worked with the Spanish producer and guitarist Paco Cepero. The album produced three singles: "¿Y Quién Puede Ser? ", "Corre y Ve Con Él", and "Sin Saber". The former track became his first number-one song on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart in the United States. It was nominated for Best Latin Pop Performance in the Grammy Awards of 1988 and became his third number-one album on the Billboard Latin Pop Albums chart. <mask> told magazine Selecciones that during 1985 to 1987, he had a personal crisis because "my life was going on airplanes, trucks, locked in a hotel room." His daughter was born in 1982 and that more or less balanced his marriage, but after a while he divorced his then wife.In the same year, he also finished his work relation with his manager, who also was his brother in law. During this events, and his on-going battle with alcoholism, <mask> recorded his album Soy Así; it became his fourth number-one album on the Latin Pop Albums chart. The album included four singles: the title track (became his second number-one song on the Hot Latin Songs chart), "Mi Hembra",

masks:
José José
José José


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 "Salúdamela Mucho", and "Vergüenza Me Da Quererte". Soy Así was nominated for Best Latin Pop Performance in the 1989 Grammy Awards. It was also nominated for Pop Album of the Year at the 1st Annual Lo Nuestro Awards in the same year while <mask> was awarded Pop Male Artist of the Year. <mask> played the role of the Mexican singer and composer Álvaro Carrillo in the movie Sabor A Mí, co-starring Angelica Aragón. In 1989, <mask> released ¿Qué Es El Amor?and included three singles: "Como Tú", "Piel de Azucar" and "Él". "Como Tú" spent ten weeks at number-one on the Hot Latin Songs chart and received a nomination for Pop Song of the Year at the 1990 Lo Nuestro Awards. 1990–1999: "Amnesia", 40 y 20, rehab and decline
In 1990, Raúl Velasco made a special TV show to celebrate <mask>'s 25th career anniversary. The show, broadcast by Televisa, lasted over five hours and featured special guests such as Armando Manzanero, Libertad Lamarque, Vicente Fernández and Marco Antonio Muñiz. Later that year, he released En las Buenas... y en las Malas with the lead single "Amnesia" reaching number-one on the Hot Latin Songs chart. Two years later, he released 40 y 20 in which the title track speaks about men who fall in love with women that are much younger than them and the reaction of the society to those situations. By the early 1990s, <mask>'s vocals began to deteriorate.It worsened over time and became evident in his live performances. His excessive drinking and unceasing activity of his career caused his voice to falter. In August 1993, to commemorate the 30th anniversary of <mask>'s career, BMG hosted a tribute in the city of Puerto

masks:
José José
José José
José José
José
José
José


texts: Vallarta. It was called 30 Años de ser el Príncipe (30 years of being the Prince). The tribute included some of the most prestigious artists of Spanish music such as Rocío Dúrcal, Camilo Sesto, Armando Manzanero, Marco Antonio Muñiz and Raúl di Blasio. The tribute coincided with his recent divorce, a serious relapse into alcoholism and a significant loss of vocal abilities. He appeared to be in poor physical shape, too thin and lacking energy.Camilo Sesto even took a break in the middle of the presentation to speak words of encouragement. The album was not released until 1994. At that time, <mask> suffered the worst stage of alcoholism of his life. During 1993, he retired from the stage and went into rehab. Upon completion of his rehabilitation, he started seasons in places like the famous "Teatro Blanquita" of Mexico City, and the Gibson Amphitheatre in Los Angeles, among others. In 1994, <mask> reunited with Manuel Alejandro and released the album Grandeza Mexicana. The title track peaked at number 12 on the  Hot Latin Tracks.He recorded a duet with his son <mask> in the song "La Fuerza de la Sangre". In 1995, he played the lead role in the movie Perdóname Todo, a drama about an alcoholic has-been and how he tries to survive against himself and the music business. That same year, his album "Mujeriego" was released. It sold more than 180,000 copies in its first two weeks and reached number 12 on the Billboard Latin charts. The song "Llora Corazón" peaked at number 6 on the Hot Latin Songs and was nominated for Pop Song of the Year in the Lo Nuestro Awards. In 1996, he performed a duet with Paul Anka on "Déjame Conocerte

masks:
José
José José
José Joél


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 (Let me Get to Know You)" from Anka's Latin album Amigos. In 1997, he performed at the Bally's Atlantic City.In September 1999, he joined fellow Mexican singers Armando Manzanero, Marco Antonio Muñiz and Argentine pianist Raúl di Blasio for a series of concerts dubbed "Noche Bohemia" (Bohemian Night) at the Universal Amphitheatre in Los Angeles. 2000–2012: Vocal problems, TV and Sony BMG concept albums
In 2001, with a deteriorating voice he recorded Tenampa. It was his first studio album with mariachi and the last one of his career. It was written and produced completely by Juan Gabriel. It received poor reviews and sold only about 500,000 units. After that, he retired from recording full-length albums. His vocal problems worsened, affecting not only his ability to sing, but also to speak.In 2003, BMG released a collection of three albums entitled El Principe Con Trio with some of his greatest hits recorded between 1969 and 1983, separated from the original accompaniment, remastered and accompanied by the guitar trio "Los Tres Caballeros", transforming them into boleros. In the mid-2000s, he played the role of Erasmo Padilla (the father of Leticia "Lety" Padilla) in La Fea Más Bella, a successful Mexican version of the Colombian production Betty la Fea (adapted in the US as Ugly Betty). In 2007, he won a TVyNovelas Award for best supporting actor for his work in La Fea Más Bella. In 2008, <mask> recorded an emotive song called "Volver a creer" ("Believe Again") with Greek composer Yanni. The song is included on the album Yanni Voices. Yanni stated that he wanted to "help a true legend to fulfill his dream, to sing


texts:
 again". <mask> was invited by Yanni to sing their song live on Yanni's tour in Mexico.He published his autobiography Esta es mi vida (This is My Life). In 2010, he released José José Ranchero, another concept album with some of his greatest hits, separated from the original accompaniment, remastered and accompanied with mariachi, giving his classics a traditional Mexican sound. The same year, <mask> launched his own perfume, called simply "<mask>", the profits from sales help women and children sick with HIV/AIDS. <mask> was planning a new, untitled album, adding that it would consist of nine unreleased tracks and a melody he used to sing in serenades "Que viva mi tristeza", from songwriter Armando Manzanero. It was never completed due to his vocal problems. In 2011, he went on the short Mexican tour "José José y sus amigos" (<mask> and friends), with singers Dulce, Carlos Cuevas, Celso Piña, and Chamin Correa. In 2012, as a celebration for his 50-year career, <mask> gave a concert at the Hard Rock Hotel & Casino in Miami,  his final live performance.Personal life

Alcoholism
<mask> said that he started drinking at the age of fifteen, when his father (an alcoholic) left home. As a result of his alcoholism, he developed a cocaine habit. He stated that his addiction was because he "was frail, weak, innocent, ignorant, weak-willed and did not know how to say no". In the early 1970s, after the success of "El Triste" and missing a collaboration with Frank Sinatra, he fell into depression and alcoholism, but with help of his friends and family he managed to stop drinking for a while. His ongoing battle against alcoholism

masks:
José José
José
José José
José
José José
José
José


texts:
 continued during the 1970s and 1980s. He attended AA meetings and stopped drinking for periods of time, but fell steadily back into the addiction. After his divorce from Anel in 1991 he reached his lowest point, reportedly declaring that he wanted to die drinking.With the help of his friends, family and fellow artists, he decided to go to rehab. He went to the Hazelden clinic in Minnesota for rehab and remained a sober recovering alcoholic. Financial problems
In later years, <mask> made his financial problems public. Despite being one of the most recognized Latin artists for decades, his alcoholism caused him serious monetary loss. His career declined when he lost his vocal ability, stopping income from live performances. He claimed that during his career he was constantly defrauded by people close to him, including his former wife Anel and her brother. In November 2008, his wife suffered a cerebral haemorrhage, <mask> stated that the medical bills nearly caused him to go bankrupt.He told TV Notas magazine that he and his family lived "day to day" and in 2014, he sold his five-million-dollar house in Coral Gables, Florida, and moved to an apartment in Miami. Health issues

<mask> suffered from a severe case of pneumonia in 1972 and his thoracic diaphragm was paralyzed. The disease almost ended his career. He recovered after months of therapy involving breathing exercises. One of his lungs was permanently damaged. In 1987, he underwent an operation at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center to remove nodes in his vocal fold as a consequence of the excessive use of cortisone before singing, alcohol use, and the lack of rest after

masks:
José
José
José José


texts:
 many of his performances. <mask> would suffer dire consequences from his problem with alcoholism, as his health faltered dearly during the 1990s.He developed diabetes. The effects of alcoholism, the abuse of cortisone, and his hiatus hernia not only affected his ability to sing but to talk, as well. In 2007, he suffered from Bell's palsy. As a result of all these problems, he fought a serious depression. He acknowledged this during an interview on the Univision program Don Francisco Presenta..., hosted by Don Francisco. He struggled with diabetic retinopathy in one of his eyes undergoing a successful operation. In 2012, he underwent surgery due to gastritis.In November 2013, he underwent an operation to remove cataracts from one of his eyes. Relationships, marriages and family
In 1970 he started a relationship with TV hostess, actress, and model Ana Elena Noreña, known in show business as Anel. That year they split and he married Natalia "Kiki" Herrera Calles, a socialite 20 years older. He separated from Herrera and returned to Anel shortly after. He divorced Herrera in 1975 and married Anel in 1976. They had two children: their first-born <mask> (known as <mask>) who was born in 1975, and their daughter Marysol Estrella, born in 1982. In 1991 he divorced Anel.Four years later, he married Sara "Sarita" Salazar, his third wife. The same year during a Latin American tour, his third child Sara was born. He lived in Miami, Florida, with his wife. Illness and death

In March 2017, <mask> announced he had been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. On 28 September 2019, although it was not entirely confirmed since an autopsy was

masks:
José
José Francisco
José Joél
José José


texts: not performed, <mask> presumably died of the disease at the Homestead hospital in Homestead, Florida at 12:17 p.m., at the age of 71. His death shocked Mexico and within several hours became a national trending topic. A large number of personalities, artists, athletes and politicians mourned his death in social media.President of Mexico Andrés Manuel López Obrador stated that "his voice moved a lot of people", highlighting his collaborations with composer Manuel Alejandro, also added that "the best homage is to keep remembering him and listening to his songs". On 4 October, a funeral for <mask> was held in Miami which was exclusively for family and friends and <mask> was finally cremated on 8 October. Also on 8 October, his death certificate was revealed and his ashes were divided; with a portion of his ashes staying in Miami, while the remainder of his ashes were flown back to Mexico. On 9 October, half of his ashes were flown back to Mexico City aboard a Mexican Air Force military plane early in the day. A black hearse picked up the gold plated casket bearing his ashes at the airport and drove to the city's downtown where admirers tossed flowers and waved to the passing vehicle as it made its way to the Palace of Fine Arts. A three-hour long tribute was held at the Fine Arts Palace planned  by the Mexican Culture Ministry with members of the National Symphony Orchestra played renditions of some of the icon's ballad songs including "El Triste". Artists from Mexico's the Opera Studio of Fine Arts and the Saloma Quartet also honored the singer's musical legacy during the ceremony.One of the surprises of the day was the

masks:
José José
José
José


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 visit of Emmanuel. Dulce and Lucia Mendez arrived together at the tribute, where they also stood guard for the coffin. Jorge Ortiz de Pinedo, was another of the people invited to say goodbye to the prince of the song. The ashes were then taken to the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe for a mass, after the family led a funeral procession through the singer's former neighborhood. The ashes were interred at the Panteón Francés de San Joaquín located in Mexico City. Artistry and image

<mask> grew up listening to traditional pop music, rock and roll, jazz, swing, and big band. He listened to performers such as Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, Johnny Mathis and such popular Mexican composers as Consuelo Velázquez and María Grever.He was later inspired by vocalist Barbra Streisand, whom he considered an influence. The son of an operatic tenor and a pianist, he grew up listening to composers such as Chopin and Mozart, but never got the chance to play classical music. In his teens, <mask> learned to play music from top Mexican jazz players and is recognized for playing several instruments, such as the piano, bass, guitar and double bass. Because of his phrasing ability, he was once described as "a singer who sings as a musician". His musical preferences were classical musicians such as Ravel, Debussy and Musorgsky, jazz, and bossa nova. Vocals
According to his autobiography, Ésta es mi vida, vocal coach Guido Picco described <mask> as a light lyric tenor. <mask> worked for periods with coach Seth Riggs, who later highlighted his vocal abilities.Over time, his voice and vocal style changed noticeably, being his prime the early

masks:
José
José
José José
José


texts:
 1970s. Inheriting the singing qualities of his father, he was able to reach high and low notes easily with a practically flawless intonation. His live performance of "El Triste" in 1970 has been widely praised by many critics for its technique and intensity. His breathing technique allowed him to sustain long and clear notes. After recording the song "El Triste" for the 2010 album Iconos, singer Marc Anthony said, "once you start to sing it you realize the magnitude, of that spectacular voice and special phrasing of <mask> and his incredible way to perform". On the Latin VH1 show Las 100 grandiosas canciones de los 1980s en español (The 100 Greatest Spanish Songs of the 1980s), singer Diego Verdaguer said: "If today he could sing, he would be the greatest of Latin America." In a 2018 interview, singer Lupita D'Alessio stated "[<mask>] is an icon, the master, the creator of phrasing, he's got a way of phrasing that there will not be another, for me, he is the greatest singer ever, with the pardon of Luis Miguel".D'Alessio also highlighted his technique to breathe and sustain long notes. Legacy
The music of <mask> is widely known in the Hispanic community. Many artists have acknowledged <mask> as an influence, including Cristian Castro, Vicente Fernández, Alejandro Fernández, Nelson Ned, Pepe Aguilar, Kalimba, Erik Rubin, Manuel Mijares, Lupita D'Alessio, Diego Verdaguer, Reyli, Chayanne and Marc Anthony. In 1997, <mask> was inducted into Billboard Latin Music Hall of Fame. He received the Billboard Latin Music Lifetime Achievement Award in 2013. In 2002, <mask> was awarded the Excellence Award at the 14th Annual Lo

masks:
José José
José
José José
José
José
José José


texts:
 Nuestro Awards and was inducted into the International Latin Music Hall of Fame. In 2004, he received the Latin Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.A year later he received the Personalidad del Año (Person of the Year) by the Latin Recording Academy. In 2006, Televisa produced a TV homage to <mask> in Acapulco, where singers such as Manoella Torres, Francisco Céspedes, and Gualberto Castro performed several of his greatest hits live. In July 2008, Univision and the Latin Grammy recorded a special TV tribute in Miami to <mask>, called Latin Grammy Celebra: <mask> (Latin Grammy Celebrates: <mask>) at the BankUnited Center. Stars such as Marco Antonio Solís, Ana Bárbara, Alicia Villarreal, Olga Tañon, Luis Fonsi, David Bisbal, and Aventura performed some of his greatest hits live. Stars such as Plácido Domingo, Ricky Martin, Enrique Iglesias, Pepe Aguilar, Pedro Fernández, and RBD, showed their admiration with messages and greetings. Univision described <mask> as "One of the most beloved singers in Latin music." In 2007, a bronze statue was unveiled in his honor in the Azcapotzalco area in Mexico City, where he grew up.He was honored by the Las Vegas Walk of Stars with a celebrity star and a book signing at the Rio in Las Vegas on 20 November 2008. In February 2004, for his contribution to the recording industry, <mask> received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 7036 Hollywood Blvd. He was posthumously given the Living Legend Award by the Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2019. Tributes
Latin rock and hip hop artists such as Molotov, Jumbo, Julieta Venegas, Beto Cuevas, and Aleks Syntek recorded a tribute album in 1998

masks:
José José
José José
José José
José José
José José
José José


texts:
 called Volcán: Tributo a José José (Volcán: Tribute to <mask>). Each artist recorded one of <mask>'s classics such as "Lo Dudo", "El Triste", or "Volcán" in a distinctive fashion. It sold over 500,000 units. Fifteen years after its release, in November 2013, a follow-up to Volcán: Tributo a José José was released under the title Un Tributo 2, featuring performers such as Natalia Lafourcade, Moderatto, Los Claxons, Carla Morrison, and Panteón Rococó.On 30 November 2010, Mexican singer Cristian Castro released Viva el Principe (Long Live the Prince) which includes a virtual duet with <mask> on "Lo Pasado, Pasado" and a poem recited by him. In the poem, <mask> conveys that the singer cannot live if he cannot sing ("Ya no podrá vivir, si ya no canta"); an allusion to losing his singing voice. Rafael Pérez-Botija was involved in the production of the album. The success of Viva el Principe helped revive Castro's career. Castro released another tribute album to <mask> titled Mi Amigo El Príncipe (My friend the Prince). In 2009, Kalimba recorded an album, Amar y Querer: Homenaje A Las Grandes Canciones (Love and Desire: A Tribute to the Great Songs), which featured some of the most iconic Latin ballads, among them: "Amar y querer", "Desesperado", "Volcán", and "El Triste". On 25 October 2019, 100,000 people paid homage to <mask> during a rainstorm in the Zócalo of Mexico City.Filmography

Discography

References

External links

 <mask> on YouTube
 <mask> on Grammy Awards

1948 births
2019 deaths
Bossa nova musicians
Bossa nova singers
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Deaths from cancer in Florida
Hispanic and Latino American

masks:
José José
José
José José
José
José José
José
José José
José José


texts:
 male actors
Latin Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners
Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year honorees
Latin pop singers
Male actors from Mexico City
Male jazz musicians
Mexican jazz musicians
Mexican male film actors
Mexican people of Spanish descent
Musicians from Mexico City
Singers from Mexico City
20th-century Mexican male actors
20th-century Mexican male singers
21st-century Mexican male singers
Burials in Mexico
Mexican Roman


texts:
<mask> is the City of Tampa’s administrator for development and economic opportunity. She previously served as the chief administrative officer of USF Health at the University of South Florida. She was formerly the  executive vice president at New York Law School , and before that,   the Commissioner of the New York City Department of Information Technology and Telecommunications (DoITT) and New York City's chief information officer (CIO). She was the first woman to have held such an office of the City of New York. Background
<mask> is a native of Bradenton, Florida. She received a B.S. degree from the University of Florida and a J.D.degree from Seton Hall University School of Law. She is licensed to practice law in New York and Florida. Career

Early career
After graduating from the University of Florida, <mask> joined Plan Services, Inc. in Tampa, Florida—a division of Dun and Bradstreet. She rose to a national representative position and thereafter was appointed as an executive director. <mask> remained at Plan Services, Inc. for five years. <mask> left her corporate position to attend Seton Hall University Law School in Newark, New Jersey. Upon graduating, <mask> joined a private law firm in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida, becoming the first female member of the firm.She worked in the municipal law department where she represented local municipal governments in Palm Beach County. In 1999, one of her clients, the City of Palm Beach Gardens, hired her as acting city manager,  overseeing all city operations. In this position  Post first started to deal with matters involving information technology, particularly the operational and technical issues related to the new millennium. She served in this capacity until mid-2000. New York City Government
Department of Buildings

In late 2001, Post joined the City of New York, initially as a deputy director in the enforcement division of the New York City Department of Buildings., and later serving as its executive director of strategic planning. Mayor Bloomberg's Office of Operations

In 2006, Post was appointed director of agency services in Mayor Michael Bloomberg's office of operations. Early in her

masks:
Carole Post
Carole Post
Post
Post
Post
Post


texts:
 tenure, she launched NYCStat, a website providing access to key municipal reports and statistics.Following the 2008 recession, she led the creation of the NYCStat Stimulus Tracker, which catalogued stimulus funding data to allow NYC agencies and residents to analyze citywide expenses, performance, and job creation metrics. She also led the upgrade of NYC's 311 call center and 311 online service, as well as the NYC.gov website. She also launched the Citywide Performance Reporting (CPR) system, a public dashboard of city agency performance and developed the Street Conditions Observation Unit (SCOUT), an initiative that directs city inspectors to survey every city street once per month.She also modernized the mayor's management report, the official public record of New York City agencies' annual performance. Department of Information Technology and Telecommunication (DoITT)

Post was appointed chief information officer of New York City and commissioner of the NYC department of information technology and telecommunication (DoITT) in 2009. She unveiled a "technology roadmap", and coordinated the adoption of the mayor's open data law, Following the passage of the law in March 2012, she managed the new data system. Post oversaw the design and rollout of the Citywide IT Infrastructure Services (CITIServ) program, a plan developed in March 2010 to consolidate IT systems of more than 40 agencies and 50 data centers across the city into one system. The program was projected to save the city up to $100 million in data management costs over five years.On March 3, 2011, the first modern data center planned under the CITIServ program opened in Brooklyn. She coordinated with the New York City Economic Development Corporation and private sector sponsors to host the NYC "Big Apps" competition, an annual competition  that challenges programmers and developers to use municipal data to build technology products to solve specific city problems. She led negotiations for citywide licensing agreements with software vendors to consolidate dozens of contracts; this was projected to save the city up to $68 million over five years. Post managed DoITT participation in a


texts:
 public-private partnership with Microsoft and SelfHelp Community Services to create the “virtual senior center,” which provides home-bound senior citizens in NYC with better access to community services

In late 2011, she launched a citywide program to reduce the "broadband gap" through  arrangements with cable franchisees. This enabled deployment of free wireless internet in 30 public parks, upgrades to internet service in community centers and libraries, and  installation of expanded fiber cable into commercial and industrial areas of the city. She coordinated a DoITT partnership with the New York City Department of Youth and Community Development and Time Warner Cable to create a learning lab at Harlem's James Weldon Johnson Community Center. The lab, which opened in April 2012, provides free high-speed internet, upgraded computer technology, and e-learning programs for adults and children.Post was named a “Top 50 Government CIO” by Information Week: Government magazine in March 2011. She was also named “2011 New York State Public Sector CIO of the Year” at the 2011 New York State CIO Academy on April 6, 2011. Post resigned from DoITT to serve as executive vice president and chief strategy officer at New York Law School in April 2012. New York Law School
Post joined New York Law School as executive vice president and chief strategy officer on April 12, 2012. Soon after joining NYLS, she worked with Dean Anthony Crowell and NYLS faculty on the creation of a new long-term Strategic Plan for the institution. I

University of South Florida
In October 2016, Post joined the University of South Florida as the deputy chief operating officer for USF Health. References

External links
Now That Open Data Is Law in New York, Meet <mask>, the Enforcer.Capital New York. March 21, 2012. Retrieved September 12, 2012. New York City's IT Roadmap. CIO Insight. July 16, 2010. Retrieved September 12, 2012.<mask> Interviewed at Strata Summit 2011. September 20, 2011. Retrieved September 12, 2012. Living people
People from Bradenton, Florida
21st-century women
Chief information officers
American chief operating officers
Year of birth missing (living

masks:
Carole Post
Carole Post


texts:
<mask>, better known as Bombardier <mask> (31 August 1889 – 12 June 1967), was an English heavyweight boxer. Fighting under the name "Bombardier <mask>", he was British and British Empire Champion from 1911 until 1919, defending his title fourteen times. In 1911 he became the first Heavyweight to win the Lonsdale Belt, which had been introduced for British champions at all weights in 1909. <mask>, who was  and was between , fought with an orthodox style. Early life
<mask> was born at 250 Cable Street, Stepney, in the East End of London. He was the eldest of five brothers and was one of nine children. His parents were <mask>, a musician, and Emily Rhoda Farrier, a laundress.He attended Broad Street elementary school, Queensbury until about the age of twelve, then becoming a messenger boy. He began to box as an amateur during this period. In 1906, <mask> joined the Royal Artillery as a gunner. He was posted to Rawalpindi where he boxed in divisional and all-India championships, with great success. He was promoted to a bombardier, and began training full-time with the help of a civilian coach. It became apparent that <mask> was good enough to make a living from boxing, so in 1910, he bought himself out of the army and returned to Britain. This was at a time when boxing was becoming very popular as a spectator sport, in Britain and elsewhere.Professional career
<mask> had his first professional fight on 8 June 1910, against Gunner Joe Mills, winning on points over six rounds. In his first eight fights he recorded seven wins and one defeat. In his next fight he fought for the British Heavyweight Title, at the National Sporting Club,

masks:
William Thomas Wells
Billy Wells
Billy Wells
Wells
Wells
William Thomas Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells


texts: Covent Garden, London. The fight was in April 1911 against Iron (William) Hague, the holder, and <mask> won by a knockout in the sixth round of twenty. <mask> was matched to fight the current world heavyweight champion, Jack Johnson, in London in October 1911, but religious opponents of excessive prize money, led by Baptist minister Frederick Brotherton Meyer, and opponents of contests between the races, caused the fight to be cancelled by Winston Churchill, who was then Home Secretary. A colour bar remained in British boxing until 1947. In December 1911, <mask> fought Fred Storbeck at Covent Garden for the British Empire Heavyweight Title, scoring a knockout in the eleventh round to gain his second title in one year.In June 1913, <mask> fought the extremely talented Frenchman Georges Carpentier for the European Heavyweight Title. The bout was held in Ghent, Belgium, and <mask> lost by a knockout in the fourth round. <mask> defended his British heavyweight title three times in 1913, and then in December of the same year, he had a rematch with Carpentier for his European title. The bout was held at Covent garden, but again Carpentier won, this time by a knockout in the first round. <mask> continued to box and successfully defend his British heavyweight title, even after the start of World War I. In May 1915, <mask> joined up for military service (in the Welch Regiment) and was later made a sergeant. He continued to box until the end of 1916, and in 1917 was sent to France to organize physical training amongst the troops.After the end of the war, <mask> resumed his boxing career. His fourteenth defence of his British heavyweight

masks: Wells Wells Wells Wells Wells Wells Wells Wells Wells


texts:
 title, and of his British Empire title was against Joe Beckett, a boxer whom he had beaten on points two months previously. The bout was held in February 1919, in Holborn, London, and Beckett won by a knockout in the fifth round to take <mask>' titles. <mask> then had five more bouts, winning them all, before having a rematch against Beckett in May 1920. The bout was held at Olympia, Kensington, but again <mask> was knocked out, this time in the third round. <mask> continued to fight, having eight more bouts, winning five and losing three. His last fight was in April 1925.<mask> was the third person to fill the role of the "gongman" - the figure seen striking the gong in the introduction to J. Arthur Rank films. Private life
In 1911, he published a book, Modern Boxing: a Practical Guide to Present Day Methods. On 7 September 1912, <mask> married Ellen Kilroy, the daughter of a publican. They had five children before eventually parting. Ellaine Beryl <mask>, William Thomas <mask>, Audrey Ellen <mask>, Cynthia Diane <mask>. In 1923, he published the book, Physical energy: Showing how physical and mental energy may be developed by means of the practice of boxing, Publisher: T.W. Laurie.The Lonsdale Belt that <mask> won was the original heavyweight belt and was crafted from 22 carat gold unlike later belts. The belt was kept at the Royal Artillery Barracks in Woolwich, South East London, but is now at Larkhill, Salisbury following the move of the home of the Royal Artillery. He lived in Ealing, London and died there on 11 June 1967, aged 77. His ashes were laid to rest in the crypt of St. Mary's parish church in Hanwell, west

masks: Wells Wells Wells Wells Wells Wells Wells Wells Wells Wells Wells


texts:
<mask> (August 8, 1993 – December 25, 2011) was an American Internet personality from Austin, Texas, known for his vlogs on YouTube. On the night of December 25, 2011, he died from complications of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at the age of 18. Life and career
<mask> grew up in Austin, Texas, where he was a senior at Westlake High School. <mask> lived with his parents along with his older sister Ally and younger brother Jake. In 2010, he began making video blogs on YouTube, in which he dealt out relationship advice to his peers. Breedlove created the OurAdvice4You channel on YouTube in November 2010 with friends, Justin Miller and Megan Parken. On May 23, 2011, he launched his second channel, BreedloveTV, where he would answer questions about dating, relationships and advice.At an early age, Breedlove had been diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). "This Is My Story" viral video
On December 18, 2011, Breedlove released a two-part video on YouTube, titled "This is my story." Breedlove opens up about his heart condition as well as the impact it had on his life, using note cards. He also mentioned three near-death experiences. On May 5, 2009, Breedlove underwent surgery to insert a pacemaker. The pacemaker helped regulate his heart rhythm. In the video he shows a red scar on his chest, where the pacemaker had been inserted.Death
Breedlove died due to cardiac arrest on the evening of Christmas Day 2011. Aftermath

Media coverage and memorials
News of his death made world coverage on December 27, two days after his death, his story first appearing on Australia's Ninemsn before coverage spread out through the world on other major media outlets, including the Los Angeles Times, ABC, CBS News, MSNBC, Fox News, MTV, The Independent, Herald Sun, The Washington Post, People Magazine, and The Wall Street Journal. On December 29,

masks:
Benjamin Daniel Breedlove
Ben Breedlove
Ben


texts:
 Breedlove's funeral was held at the Gateway Church, in Austin, Texas. More than 1,400 people attended the service, and another 11,000 watched online. He was interred at Austin Memorial Park Cemetery in Austin, Travis County, Texas, USA. A day after Breedlove's death, Kid Cudi said in reaction, "This has really touched my heart in a way I can't describe, this is why I do what I do." Cudi later dedicated his third studio album Indicud (2013), to Breedlove and all his fans that have died; the dedication can be found in the album's liner notes.HCMA and the HEARTS Act
On January 5, 2012, the HCMA announced that they mourn the death of Breedlove and are encouraging their members to "tell their stories the same way as <mask>." Lisa Salberg, founder and CEO of HCMA, along with New Jersey Congressman Frank Pallone Jr. had worked together in drafting the Cardiomyopathy Health Education, Awareness, Risk Assessment, and Training in the Schools (HEARTs) act. The Bill was introduced in January 2012 to Congress. The Westlake High School Student Council and Friday Night Fan Stand collected donations for the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Association during the Ben Breedlove Memorial Football Game which took place at the Westlake football stadium on September 21, 2012. Fans wore white as a show of support and a moment of silence was observed. Funds collected were used for educational efforts relating to the disease that claimed Breedlove's life. Africa New Life Ministries
On December 27, 2011, the Ben Breedlove Memorial Fund was created at Africa New Life Ministries.2013 Tournament of Roses Parade
On January 1, 2013, <mask> was honored in a florograph on the Donate Life float, titled "Journeys of the Heart". Family members and friends contributed to the florograph which was then placed on the float. When Will The Heaven Begin? On October 29, 2013, the

masks:
Ben
Ben Breedlove


texts:
 book, When Will The Heaven Begin? was released by Penguin Publishers. The book was listed on The New York Times Best Seller List beginning the first week of the release date. The memoir of <mask>'s life is written by his sister <mask> with Ken Abraham.The title of the book is taken from the lyric of the song "Mr. Rager", written and performed by Kid Cudi. <mask> stated that during his second cardiac arrest, he had a vision of being in a peaceful, white room, in which his favorite rapper Kid Cudi, appeared alongside him as the lyrics to the song "Mr. Rager", began playing. To Heaven and Back CNN television special
On December 1, 2013, CNN aired an Anderson Cooper special highlighting the near-death stories of Dr. Mary Neal, Anita Moorjani and <mask>. Additional publications
Breedlove's life story has been chronicled in several other publications, including "Imagine Heaven:  Near Death Experiences, God's Promises and the Exhilarating Future that Awaits You" by John Burke, "Soul Models:  Transformative Stories of Courage and Compassion That Will Change Your Life" by Elizabeth Bryan and Angela Daffron  and "Echoes of a Life Well Lived" by Richard M. O'Bryan. In Music
Breedlove's story has been honored in several musical pieces, including Kid Cudi's dedication of his album, "INDICUD". The Chicago group, Empire, includes their song, "Journey Kid" on their most recent album titled "Orphan". Journey Kid can also be viewed on YouTube.Australian composer Phillip Wilcher composed a 4-string quartet piece titled "Remembered upon Waking", performed by the Linden Quartet. David LaCroix wrote and dedicated his piece, "In A Little While" to Breedlove and all the people that have "gone on to a better place than here". Gabriel Art Installation
Breedlove's legacy continues in the form of art installations and community arts programs. "Gabriel", a

masks:
Ben
Ally Breedlove
Ben
Benjamin Breedlove


texts:
 rugged angel wing sculpture made of fossilized bluestone by artist Bobby Jacobs, was installed in the Healing Garden at Dell Children's Medical Center. "Gabriel" symbolizes the strength and comfort of angels in times of need. It is a reminder to "see" the unseen – God's ministering spirits at work in this world. Second Lady Karen Pence visiting Gabriel with Breedlove's mother in 2017

The Spread Your Wings Community Arts Program
The "Spread Your Wings" Community Arts Program took flight at Dell Children's Medical Center's 2017 "Art of Giving" event when the art piece, "Spread Your Wings", broke fundraising records for Dell Children's.The piece is a painted set of angel wings on canvas that was created by artist Elizabeth-Bryan Jacobs. She says the piece was inspired by Breedlove's YouTube video because he told of being visited and comforted by angels during his lifetime. Breedlove had also been a frequent patient at Dell Children's Medical Center. This piece hangs in the newly created Texas Center for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease. The "Spread your Wings' piece is the inspiration for the "Spread Your Wings" community arts program which will add angel wing art installations to hospitals and other community centers across the nation. The first official "Spread Your Wings" installation took place on October 1, 2018, at the Las Vegas Community Healing Garden, which honors the 58 victims of the 2017 Las Vegas shooting. "Love and Courage" is a gorgeous 6' tall sculpture and is engraved with the initials of the 58 victims.References

External links
 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Association
 OurAdvice4You at YouTube.com
 BreedloveTV at YouTube.com
 TotalRandomness512 at YouTube.com
 Ben Breedlove Memorial Service Video

1993 births
2011 deaths
People from Austin, Texas
Westlake High School (Texas) alumni
American YouTubers
Male


texts:
<mask>, or <mask>  Masood (; c.594-c.653), was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad who he is regarded the greatest mufassir of Qur'an of his time and the second ever. He was also known by the kunya Abu Abdur Rahman. <mask>'ud was born in Mecca in about 594 a son of <mask> and Umm Abd bint Abdwadd, both of whom were from the Hudhayl tribe, believed to be slaves, or otherwise of low social status. However, Umm Abd's mother, Hind bint Al-Harith, was from the Zuhra clan of the Quraysh, and Masud made an alliance with her brother. <mask> had a brother, Utba, and at least two wives in Muhammad's lifetime. One was Rayta bint <mask>, a craftswoman who supported <mask> and their child through her handcrafts. The other was Zaynab bint <mask> from the Thaqif tribe with whom he had several daughters.He specified in his will that none of his daughters should be married off without their own knowledge. He also had a son named AbdurRahman. He is described as a thin, short man with very dark skin, and smooth hair reaching to his shoulders. <mask> wore white clothes, and could be recognized in the dark by his distinctive, high-quality perfume. He was reported to be sociable and willing to speak out to put people at ease. In his character and goals, he was said to be the person "most like Muhammad". Conversion to Islam
Ibn Masʿūd was an early follower of Islam, having converted before 616.He appears nineteenth on Ibn Ishaq's list of

masks:
Abdullah ibn Masd
Abdullah ibn
Abdullah ibn Mas
Masud ibn Ghal
Abdullah
Abdullah
Abdullah
Abdullah
Abdullah


texts: people who were converted by Abu Bakr. As a youth, he worked as a shepherd for Uqba ibn Abu Mu'ayt. He first met Muhammad and Abu Bakr while watching his flocks when they were "fleeing from the idolators". They asked him for milk, but <mask> said he could not steal from his employer. According to Masʿūd, Muhammad then asked for an unmated ewe and stroked its udder, whereupon milk poured out. <mask> immediately asked to be taught "some of these words", and Muhammad began to teach him the Qur'an. <mask> later said that he learned 70 suras from Muhammad.Later his mother and brother also converted to Islam. Around 614 the Quraysh began a campaign to suppress Islam through the oppression of Muslims of lower social status. <mask>, as a foreigner whose allies had withdrawn their protection, was vulnerable to this persecution. Abu Jahl—one of the high-status leaders among the Quraysh—once "clawed at him and punched him". The Muslims remarked one day that the Quraysh had never heard the Qur'an being recited clearly, and that someone needed to make them listen to it. <mask> volunteered. His friends reminded him that he had no protector and therefore the crowds might attack him, but <mask> replied, "Allah will protect me."He stood in front of the Kaaba and began to recite Surah Ar-Rahman from the Qur'an. When the Quraysh realized that he was reciting Muhammad's teaching, they began to hit his face, but he continued to recite. He

masks: Abdullah Abdullah Abdullah Abdullah Abdullah Abdullah


texts:
 returned to the Muslims with the bruises on his face, saying, "I have never despised Allah's enemies more than I do now, and if you like I will go and do the same thing tomorrow." The Muslims told him that he had already done enough, "for you have made them listen to what they don't want to hear". <mask> and his brother Utba were among those who emigrated to Abyssinia in 616. <mask> returned to Mecca in 619 with Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf. Emigration to Medina
When the Muslims emigrated to Medina in 622, <mask> lodged with Muadh <mask> or Saad ibn Khaythama.One tradition states that Muhammad made a pact of brotherhood between <mask> and Muadh ibn Jabal; but according to another, <mask>'s brother in Islam was Al-Zubayar ibn Al-Awwam. When land in Medina was allocated to the immigrants, the Zuhra clan was given an area behind the mosque, which included plots for <mask> and his brother Utba. Relationship with Muhammad
Outsiders perceived <mask> and his mother as members of Muhammad's household. He worked as a personal servant, taking care of Muhammad's bedding, toothbrush, sandals and traveling hygiene. "He used to screen him when he bathed and wake him when he slept and walk with him in a wild land." He was said to be the "keeper of secrets". Muhammad once told him to climb a tree and bring him a twig.The companions laughed at how thin <mask>'s legs were. Muhammad said: "Why are you laughing? <mask>'s foot will be heavier than

masks:
Abdullah
Abdullah
Abdullah
ibn Jl
Abdullah
Abdullah
Abdullah
Abdullah
Abdullah
Abdullah


texts:
 Mount Uhud in the scales on the Day of Resurrection." Muhammad recognized <mask> as one of the four foremost experts on the Qur'an. He once asked him to recite; when <mask> protested, "Should I recite it to you when you are the one to whom it was sent down and revealed?" Muhammad replied, "I love to hear it from someone else." <mask> then recited it until Muhammad wept.Military career
<mask> fought at the Battle of Badr. After the battle, Muhammad ordered the warriors to search among the corpses for his enemy Abu Jahl, who could be recognised by a distinctive scar on his knee. <mask> found Abu Jahl "at his last gasp" with his leg cut off. He seized his beard and asked, "Are you Abu Jahl?" Abu Jahl replied, "Can there be a man superior to the one you have killed or one whom his own folk has  killed?" <mask> then placed his foot on Abu Jahl's neck, and asked, "Allah's enemy, has Allah put you to shame?" Abu Jahl replied, "How has he shamed me?Am I anything more than a man whom you have killed? Tell me how the battle went." <mask> told him that the Muslims had won. Abu Jahl responded, "You have climbed high, you little shepherd!" Then <mask> struck off his head. He brought it to Muhammad, proclaiming, "This is the head of Allah's enemy Abu Jahl!". <mask> also fought at the Battle of Uhud, the Battle of the Trench and "all the battles," including Tabuk.Twenty years later, he said he wished he had died at Tabuk. Caliphates of

masks: Abdullah Abdullah Abdullah Abdullah Abdullah Abdullah Abdullah Abdullah Abdullah


texts:
 Abu Bakr and Umar
After the death of Muhammad, <mask> ibn Masud became the eighth-most prominent transmitter of hadith with a total of 848 narrations. Umar called him "a box full of knowledge". The following traditions are among those attributed to him. I asked Allah's Messenger which deed was the best. He replied: "Prayer at its appointed hour." I said: "Then what?"He replied: "Kindness to the parents." I said: "Then what?" He replied: "Jihad in the cause of Allah." And I would not have ceased asking more questions but out of regard. A man said: "Allah's Messenger, which offense is the most grievous in Allah's eye?" He replied: "That you associate a partner with Allah, who created you." He said: "What next?"He replied: "That you kill your child out of fear that he would join you in food." He said: "What next?" He replied: "That you commit adultery with your neighbor's wife." And the Almighty and Exalted Lord testified it: All those who call not unto another god along with Allah, and slay not any soul which Allah has forbidden, except in the cause of justice, nor commit fornication, and he who does this shall meet a requital of sin. [ Qur'an 25:68]

We were along with Allah's Messenger at Mina, that moon was split up into two. One of its parts was behind the mountain and the other one was on this side of the mountain. Allah's Messenger said to us: "Bear witness to this."Umar allotted <mask> a pension of 6,000 dirhams, and

masks: Abdullah Abdullah


texts:
 he was said to be very generous with his money. His mother was also granted a pension of 1,000 dirhams. Around 642 Umar appointed him as a preacher, treasurer and magistrate (qāḍī) in Kufa, saying: "I have preferred you with him over myself, so take him." The Caliphate of Uthman

Conflict with the Government
<mask>, in his capacity as treasurer, lent a sum of money to Saad ibn Abi Waqqas, the Governor of Kufa, and when he was unable to repay it, they quarreled. Their quarrel spread to their individual supporters until they became two "wrangling factions" in the city. Uthman became angry with both of them; in 646 he recalled Saad, extracted the money from him, and replaced him with al-Walid ibn Uqba. He thought of replacing <mask> too, but in the end he decided against it.By 650, <mask> had quarreled with al-Walid. A petition was brought to <mask> to investigate rumors that Al-Walid was drinking alcohol; <mask> responded that it was not his business to spy on another man's privacy. Al-Walid felt that this statement was tantamount to a suspicion of his guilt. He accused <mask> of not defending his reputation, and they insulted one another verbally. Al-Walid also tried to misappropriate state finances, but <mask> refused to comply with his demands. When Uthman instructed <mask> to obey al-Walid in everything, <mask> resigned his post. However, he remained in Kufa and continued to criticise the Governor.Another long-serving


texts:
 Muslim, Abu Dharr al-Ghifari, was also living in Kufa. He lived in the desert of Al-Rabadha. Sometime later, <mask> <mask> went on a pilgrimage to Mecca. As he passed through Al-Rabadha, his camels almost trod upon a funeral bier. A slave told him that it was the funeral of his master Abu Dharr al-Ghifari, who had died alone. <mask> burst into tears, exclaiming: "The apostle was right! You walked alone, you died alone and you will be raised alone!"Then he alighted from his camels and helped to bury his old friend. Uthman's Compilation of Qur'an

Uthman produced a standardized version of the Qur'an in 652. He sent a copy to each province, and ordered that all other Quranic materials "whether written in fragmentary manuscripts or whole copies," must be burned. It is said that Ibn Mas’ud was displeased by the finished product; in particular:
 That he accused Uthman's scribes of adding three extra suras (1, 113 and 114) that had never been part of the original, and of making many other small changes to the text. That he preached a sermon in Kufa in which he called Uthman's standardized Quran a "deceit". "And whoever deceives like this will bring his deceit on the Day of Resurrection … I like it better to read according to the recitation of him whom I love than that of Zayd <mask>habit … If I knew anyone to be more conversant with Allah's Book than I am, I would surely go to him if camels could carry me there." When Uthman's

masks:
Abdullah ibn
Masud
Abdullah
ibn T


texts:
 agents came to Kufa to burn all the variants, <mask> hid his copy from them.He justified his own version of the recitation by reminding people: "I recited before Allah's Messenger more than seventy suras of the Qur'an. His Companions know that I have a better understanding of Allah's Book than they do; and if I were to know that someone had a better understanding than I have, I would have gone to him." It was said that nobody could find fault with <mask>'s version. When Uthman was called to account for his mismanagement as Caliph, one of the grievances against him was that he had destroyed variant readings of the Qur'an. Much later, <mask> Masud's variant readings were discussed on equal terms with the Uthmanic text by al-Farra (d. 207/822). However, the vast majority of Muslim scholars never accepted these reports due to their weakness, as well as many strong reports indicating the exact opposite to be true. The Qur'an says in 15:87 "We have given thee seven of the oft-repeated (verses) and the great Qur'an."The seven often-repeated verses refer to al-Fatihah, the first sura of the Qur'an, which <mask> <mask> is alleged to have denied. However, quoting Ibn Jarir al-Tabari, Ibn adh-Dhurays, Ibn al-Munzar and Ibn Mardwiyah, as-Suyuti narrated the following:
It is narrated from <mask> Masud, regarding the word of Allah, "We have given you the seven oft-repeated verses;" he said, "[It is] Fatihatu al-Kitab." In another

masks:
Abdullah
Abdullah
Abdullah ibn
Abdullah ibn
Masud
Abdullah Ibn


texts:
 narration, <mask> <mask> was asked why he did not write al-Fatihah in his mushaf. He replied, "If I were to write it, I would write it before every sura." Abu Bakr al-Anbari explains this saying every raka’a (in prayers) starts with al-Fatiha and then another sura is recited. It is as if Ibn Masud said, "I have dropped it for the sake of brevity and I have trusted its preservation by Muslims (collectively)." There are also narrations from <mask> where he explicitly refers to suras 113 and 114 as surahs, for example: "Excessively recite two surahs.Allah will make you reach higher ranks in the Hereafter because of them. They are al-Mu'awwidhatayn (i.e. al-Falaq and an-Nas/nos. 113 & 114)…"

Four qira'at of the Qur'an (Qira'at of Hamzah, 'Aasim, Khalaf, Al-Kisa'i) have chains of transmission (isnad) going through <mask> Masud, and they all include the above three suras. These are mutawatir chains and thus Islamic scholars give precedence to them, disregarding much weaker chains that go against it as inauthentic. For these reasons, Islamic scholars rejected the notion of <mask> Masud rejecting suras. An-Nawawi says: "The Muslims have all agreed that al-Mu'awwidhatayn and al-Fatihah are part of the Qur'an and whoever denies this becomes a disbeliever and whatever is quoted from Ibn Masud in this regard is not true."Ibn Hazm also rejected the notion of Ibn Masud denying these suras, along with the vast majority of Islamic

masks:
Abdullah ibn
Masud
Abdullah
Abdullah ibn
Abdullah ibn


texts:
 scholars. Conflict with Uthman
Uthman eventually recalled <mask> to Medina. He walked into the mosque, where Uthman was speaking, but the Caliph broke off his speech to insult <mask>. Aisha then interrupted with protests against this manner of speech "to a companion of Allah's Messenger". Uthman forbade <mask> ever to leave Medina again and ordered him out of the mosque. His servants removed <mask> so violently that they broke two of his ribs and, amid loud protests from Aisha, he had to be carried home. Uthman did not pay <mask>'s pension for the rest of his life.Reading of the Qur'an in Kufa

Ibn Masʿūd read one of the most well documented "companion" readings of the Qur'an, which he taught in Kufa. The non-canonical Kufan reciter Sulaiman al-Aʽmash (d. 147 / 765), who continued the Ibn Masʿūd tradition in parts of his own reading, narrated that "I came to Kufa and the qirāʾa of Zayd was not amongst them, except as the reading ofʿAbd Allāh is amongst you today: no one recited it save one or two men". Ramon Harvey asserts that Ibn Masʿūd's reading continued in use and was even taught as the dominant reading in Kufa for at least a century after his death and has shown that some of his distinctive readings continued to play a role in Hanafi fiqh. Ibn Masʿūd's reading played a greater or lesser role in each of the canonical Kufan readings. Professor Shady Nasser notes that the isnad of ʿĀṣim back to the Prophet passes through

masks: Abdullah Abdullah Abdullah Abdullah Abdullah


texts:
 two main branches. One of these goes through Ibn Masʿūd via Zirr b. Hubaysh. The influence of Ibn Masʿūd is greater in the canonical readings of Hamza and his student Al-Kisa'i.Hamza learned his reading primarily from his fellow Kufans Ibn Abī Laylā, and Al-A'mash, insofar as the latter's was compatible with the Uthmanic rasm. Al-A'mash derived much of his reading from that of Ibn Masʿūd. From numerous sources Arthur Jeffery compiled the hundreds of differences in the reading of Ibn Mas'ud (as well as other companions) compared to the textus receptus, namely the Cairo edition, which is based on the reading of Hafs from 'Asim. Many of these differences were reported by Al-A'mash and appear in Ibn Abi Dawud's Kitab al Masahif. Data is also available showing the extent to which Ibn Masʿūd's reading occurs in the Kufan canonical readings in terms of distinctive dotting of consonants. Codex Mashhad is an early Qur'an manuscript which has been identified as originally using the surah order reported by early sources from the codex of Ibn Masʿūd, though with a standard Uthmanic rasm text. Its surahs were subsequently re-ordered to the standard sequence, but enough evidence remained for the original to be reconstructed.Death
<mask> ibn <mask> died in Medina in 653 and was buried by the night at Al-Baqi'. It is disputed whether it was Ammar <mask> or Caliph Uthman who led his funeral prayers. He left a fortune of 90,000 dirhams.

masks:
Abdullah
Masud
ibn Yasir


texts:
 Al-Zubayr ibn al-Awam petitioned the Caliph to give <mask>'s pension to his heirs "because they need it more than the treasury does." Uthman granted this request, although the exact value of the pension is disputed. References

Bibliography

594 births
653 deaths
7th-century Arabic writers
People from Mecca
Sahabah who participated in the battle of Uhud
Sahabah hadith narrators
Burials at Jannat


texts:
<mask> (born 1 September 1964) is a South African broadcast journalist and television producer investigative journalist. She was born in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and has origins from Calabria, Italy. <mask> is the Africa correspondent for the American news program The CBS Evening News. She has been with CBS since 2013, following her departure from the long running investigative and current affairs show, 3rd Degree with <mask>. Early life
<mask> was born in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), where her Italian father  had emigrated as a railway employee. Her father was from Rome, Italy and she lived there for a while when she was young. Her Italian family is originally from Praia a Mare in Calabria.She considers Italy her second home and travels there regularly. She moved to South Africa with her mother, a nurse and devout Catholic, and her sister in 1976 after her parents divorced. She attended Rustenburg School for Girls in the Rondebosch suburb of Cape Town, where she matriculated in 1981. Patta studied at the University of Cape Town where she obtained a Bachelor of Social Sciences in 1984. She briefly taught aerobics while at college. Career
After graduating from college, Patta worked as a political activist teaching literacy in Cape Town's squatter camps until 1990, when she started working as a freelance reporter for the BBC. Radio
Patta joined Radio 702 in Johannesburg as a reporter in 1990 and worked her way up to news editor in 1994 and special assignments editor in 1997.The first news story she worked on that was aired on Radio 702 was about the return of ANC leader Oliver Tambo from exile in December 1990. In 1997 and 1998, while working as news and special assignments editor for Radio 702 and its sister station Cape Talk, she investigated and reported on the 1986 plane crash in which Mozambican President Samora Machel was killed. She received several threatening phone calls during the investigation. In June 1998 she participated in a post-apartheid Truth and Reconciliation Commission special hearing, providing

masks:
Debora Patta
Patta
Debora Patta
Patta


texts:
 expert opinion and assisting with questioning regarding the 1987 Helderberg plane crash and the Machel plane crash. She was later interviewed for a 2008 Mayday (Air Crash Investigation or Air Emergency) documentary on the Helderberg plane crash. In October 2013, <mask> returned to Radio 702 as a stand-in talk radio host. Television
Patta has worked for e.tv, the first privately owned free-to-air television station in South Africa, since its inception in 1998.She started as a senior correspondent in Johannesburg and was subsequently appointed chief anchor of e.tv news. From 2000 to 2013 she was the executive producer and anchor of the weekly current affairs television programme 3rd Degree, a show conceptualized by her which focused on hard-hitting interviews. The final episode of 3rd Degree aired on 14 May 2013. She has reported on major international stories such as the September 11 attacks and the death of Princess Diana and has interviewed many notable individuals including Shimon Peres, Oprah Winfrey, Nelson Mandela, Thabo Mbeki, Jacob Zuma, Cyril Ramaphosa, Julius Malema, Eugène Terre'Blanche and Robert McBride. She was appointed editor-in-chief of e.tv news in 2005. In 2009 she resigned her position as editor-in-chief, "to follow her passion for journalism" and focus on 3rd Degree. She played a key role in the launch of South Africa's first 24-hour news channel eNews Channel Africa (eNCA) by e.tv in 2008.In 2012 a puppet version of Patta voiced by Nikki Jackman was cast as co-host of the satirical television news programme ZANEWS. On 7 May 2013, e.tv and eNCA announced that <mask> <mask> had resigned "to pursue other interests as a freelancer for international news companies". Following her departure from e.tv, she began working as a foreign correspondent for CBS News. Reporting style
Patta has been described as "direct", "to the point", "unafraid" and "being a voice for the voiceless":

Her hard-hitting journalism exposing racism in South Africa has angered conservative whites. Black members of the public have also

masks: Patta Debora Patta


texts:
 accused her of being racist, e.g. after exposing corrupt black doctors who sold medical certificates and after interviewing "bling queen" Khanyi Mbau, and Jewish members of the public have accused her of being anti-Semitic after airing the controversial 2002 documentary Palestine Is Still the Issue. She has also been criticized as not being qualified to talk about black culture by former ANC Youth League president Julius Malema during an interview with him and by black viewers offended by a 3rd Degree show on black hair weaves.AWB leader Eugène Terre'Blanche walked out of an interview with Patta after his release from prison in 2004. A complaint lodged against e.tv about the interview was dismissed by the Broadcasting Complaints Commission of South Africa. In 2010 <mask> publicly apologized on television to Chrisna de Kock, a Freedom Front Plus youth leader at the University of the Free State, after accusing her of being a racist in an interview on 3rd Degree. An e.tv spokesperson conceded that "the manner in which the allegation was put across was unfortunate" and the racism comment was subsequently retracted. Patta has responded to criticism of her reporting with statements such as "that means I am doing my job well" and "we are doing this because we have a true democracy". Personal life
In April 1995 Patta married Mweli Mzizi. The interracial couple had encountered hostility for a year, so she was surprised by the positive response of listeners to her announcement.They were married in January 1996 and the wedding was attended by hundreds of guests including Nelson Mandela. After the wedding the Department of Home Affairs notified Mzizi that the marriage was invalid because he did not fill out a form requiring black men to say that they were not already married. Newsweek reported that few South Africans were aware of this requirement and  "many of the country's marriages are probably illegal in the eyes of the bureaucracy". In 2000 <mask> and Mzizi unsuccessfully attempted to enter a whites-only picnic resort in the Free

masks: Patta Patta


texts:
 State together, filming the incident on a hidden camera for a 3rd Degree show on racism following which Patta received hate mail. Patta was voted one of the FHM 50 Most Eligible Women in the World by South African FHM readers in 2003. In June 2003 she married Lance Levitas. She has two daughters.Her elder daughter, Chiara Mzizi, has worked as a presenter for YoTV, a youth entertainment show broadcast by SABC 1, and was a student at the University of Cape Town. As of 2019, Patta lived in Johannesburg with her youngest daughter, Ella, and her partner, Andrew Levy. Awards
Patta has won several awards:

 1992 South African Checkers Journalist of the Year
 2004 Vodacom Journalist of the Year Gauteng Region
 2004 MTN 10 Most Remarkable Women in Media
 2007 Simonsvlei Journalist Achiever of the Year
 2009 Vodacom Women in the Media
 2010 CEO Magazine South Africa's Most Influential Women in Business and Government
 2010 She received a Tricolor Globe Award from the Italian Women in the World association which recognizes outstanding achievers of Italian origin abroad. 2015 She was part of the CBS News team nominated to receive an Emmy Award for their coverage of the Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa. Publications
 Baby Micaela : the inside story of South Africa's most famous abduction case. Co-authored by Anne Maggs and <mask> <mask>. Sandton: Zebra Press, 1996. .
 One step behind Mandela : the story of Rory Steyn, Nelson Mandela's chief bodyguard.Co-authored by Rory Steyn and <mask> <mask>. Rivonia: Zebra Press, 2000. References

External links

Living people
South African television journalists
South African television presenters
University of Cape Town alumni
Alumni of Rustenburg School for Girls
Italian South African
White South African people
People of Calabrian descent
South African people of Italian descent
Year of birth uncertain
Place of birth missing (living people)
Women television journalists
South African radio personalities
1964 births
CBS News people
South African women journalists
South African women television

masks: Debora Patta Debora Patta


texts:
<mask> (born August 16, 1959) is an American tenor saxophonist raised in Baltimore, Maryland and residing in New York City. His parents, Rodd Keith and Bobbie Lee, were both professional musicians. Rodd Keith died in 1974 in Los Angeles, California, and became a cult figure after his death in the little-known field of "song-poem" music. Organist Bobbie Lee performed in local nightclubs in Baltimore in the early 1960s and provided Eskelin an introduction to standards from the Great American Songbook as well as inspiring an early interest in jazz music. <mask> has resided in New York City since 1983 and has led numerous international touring ensembles while participating as a sideman or collaborator with many of today's most forward-thinking composers and improvisers. He has released more than twenty-five recordings as a leader since the late 1980s, primarily for the Swiss hatOLOGY label. His most important work has been with the group he formed in 1994 featuring keyboardist Andrea Parkins and drummer Jim Black as well as a later group called "Trio New York" with organist Gary Versace and drummer Gerald Cleaver.Eskelin has maintained lasting musical associations with Joey Baron, Mark Helias, Gerry Hemingway, Marc Ribot, David Liebman, Han Bennink, Sylvie Courvoisier, Bobby Previte and Daniel Humair among others. Eskelin's style has its roots in the jazz realm yet his unique phrasing (which is compared to Arnold Schoenberg's technique of "klangfarbenmelodie" in The Wire, December 1996) and the unorthodox techniques utilized in his compositions (in which composed and improvised elements often collide unpredictably) make for a music that defies easy categorization. Over the years, Eskelin has garnered significant critical praise in the international jazz press. 'Down Beat magazine has recognized him as "a major player in today's creative music" (September 1995) and described his compositional approach as "a startlingly new concept" (January 1997). Early years
<mask> Eskelin began

masks:
Ellery Eskelin
Eskelin
Ellery


texts: playing tenor saxophone in 1969 at the age of ten. In interviews he claims his early influences as Gene Ammons, Sonny Stitt, Lee Konitz, Stan Getz and John Coltrane. His mother, organist Bobbie Lee, learned to play music in the Pentecostal church as a teenager, the influence of which carried over into her playing of secular music and also provided a strong and lasting influence on Eskelin.Her playing was characterized by a strong rhythmic feel and a commanding delivery of American songs. <mask>'s grandfather was the musical director of the church and played the pedal steel guitar in services while performing on the electric guitar professionally in Baltimore during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Baltimore had a rich musical legacy sustained by musicians such as saxophonists Mickey Fields and Gary Bartz. Musicians from New York often passed through Baltimore to perform on the weekly Sunday afternoon Left Bank Jazz Society concert series presented at the Famous Ballroom. Eskelin had opportunities to sit in with locals such as Fields as well as internationally renowned artists such as Bartz, Pepper Adams and Woody Shaw. Early performances as a leader took place at various jazz clubs such as "The Bandstand" and "The Closet" run by saxophonist and entrepreneur Henry Baker, who had a long history in the Baltimore music scene having known Lester Young, Cannonball Adderley, Miles Davis, Red Garland, John Coltrane, Clifford Brown and many others. Baker predicted that the young saxophonist would one day become "a great tenor saxophone player".At around this same time Eskelin met drummer Harold White (formerly with Horace Silver) and began performing regularly in White's quintet along with trumpeter Tom Williams. Eskelin attended Towson University where he studied classical saxophone with Joseph Briscuso and performed in composer Hank Levy's Jazz Ensemble which played Levy's "odd-meter" big band compositions exclusively. Bassist Drew Gress was a fellow student with whom Eskelin continues


texts:
 to collaborate and perform with to the present day. In 1979 Eskelin met pianist Marc Copland and joined Copland's band for engagements in Washington D.C. including the Cellar Door, Blues Alley and the One Step Down. Copland was a former New York saxophonist who moved to Washington DC and switched to piano in order to more deeply explore the role of harmony in his own music. Eskelin, along with Drew Gress, would reunite with Copland years later in New York City in one of Eskelin's early groups as a leader. Also in 1979 Eskelin encountered bay area saxophonist Mel Ellison who was performing in Baltimore for an extended engagement with trumpeter Ted Curson's group.Eskelin took an informal lesson with Ellison, whose unique style made a lasting impression. Also in this group was drummer Tom Rainey, who in subsequent years Eskelin would tour and record with as part of bassist Mark Helias' ensemble. 1980s
From late 1981 until early 1983 Eskelin toured with swing-era trombonist Buddy Morrow in a big band setting performing one-nighters across the United States and culminating in a tour of South America in early 1983. In March 1983 he left the road tour and moved to New York City taking any kind of musical work available in order to make a living. In an effort to deepen his understanding of be-bop Eskelin attended nightly informal jam sessions for several years at a local club called the "Star Cafe" on 23rd Street and Seventh Avenue in Manhattan. These sessions were run by saxophonist Junior Cook and drummer Harold White (who Eskelin had first met and performed with in Baltimore). In addition Eskelin pursued private studies with saxophonist George Coleman.During the summer of 1984 Eskelin joined organist Jack McDuff's band (which featured guitarist Dave Stryker and legendary drummer Joe Dukes) on a regular engagement at Dudes Lounge in Harlem. By 1985 Eskelin slowly began to develop his own musical approach, combining his roots in jazz with his interests in other forms of music,


texts:
 particularly free improvisation. Laying the groundwork for these explorations were studies with saxophonist David Liebman which led to informal jam sessions and eventually a working professional relationship. In 1987 Eskelin began developing original music with drummer Phil Haynes leading to the formation of the cooperative group "Joint Venture" (with trumpeter Paul Smoker and bassist Drew Gress) as well as numerous other projects centered around Haynes' Brooklyn loft and rehearsal space. Along with a group of like-minded musicians they presented a number of annual self-produced festivals in Manhattan at the Knitting Factory which ran into the early 1990s. These performances and subsequent recordings by these groups led to Eskelin's initial exposure on the European touring circuit. 1990s
Eskelin began touring Europe regularly with drummer Joey Baron's group "Baron Down", a trio including Baron, Eskelin and trombonist Steve Swell (and later trombonist Josh Roseman).Baron Down released three recordings: Tongue in Groove (1991), Raised Pleasure Dot (1993) and Crack Shot (1996). At this time Eskelin abandoned commercially oriented work in order to concentrate fully on his own projects and the music of like-minded colleagues. During a three-month period in 1991 he developed a solo saxophone concert program in complete musical isolation, opting not to perform or interact with any other musicians during this time. In addition to entirely revamping his approach to the saxophone the process proved to be a catalyst for musical ideas that Eskelin further developed and applied to his compositions for the group he formed in 1994, "Ellery Eskelin with Andrea Parkins and Jim Black". This group, featuring Parkins on accordion and electronics and Black on percussion released "Jazz Trash" in 1995 and followed up with a dozen recordings over the ensuing decade and into the 2000s primarily for the Swiss-based Hat Hut label. In the liner notes to "One Great Day..." (the band's second release) Eskelin


texts:
 explains that the fractured and sometimes incongruent nature of his experiences as a musician coming up in the 1970s and 1980s finally came together in a manner that made sense and could be expressed in a unified musical language with this ensemble. The group toured regularly in Europe, the U.S. and Canada and continues, having performed in Europe as recently as 2010.One of Eskelin's most acclaimed recordings in the 1990s was "The Sun Died" a project based upon music by (and associated with) saxophonist Gene Ammons. The format was unusual, utilizing saxophone, guitar (Marc Ribot) and drums (Kenny Wolleson). The New York Times characterized The Sun Died as "a remarkable record" and chose it as one of the Top 10 Recordings of 1996. 2000s
Throughout the first decade of the 2000s Eskelin focused primarily on his group with Andrea Parkins and Jim Black, touring and recording, occasionally augmenting the band with additional musicians such as vocalist Jessica Constable, keyboardist Philippe Gelda, cellist Erik Friedlander, tubist Joseph Daley, guitarist Marc Ribot and bassist Melvin Gibbs. Additionally, Eskelin continued to maintain long-time musical relationships established in the 1990s, touring and recording with bassist Mark Helias (recordings include Open Loose, Fictionary, Loopin' the Cool), drummer Gerry Hemingway ("Johnny's Corner Song", "Devil's Paradise", "Songs", "The Whimbler", "Riptide"), drummer Han Bennink ("Dissonant Characters"), drummer Bobby Previte ("Set the Alarm for Monday") and drummer Daniel Humair (Liberté Surveilé). Eskelin also forged new ties with musicians from around the globe such as oud player Rabih Abou-Khalil, pianist Satoko Fujii, trumpeter Dennis González, clarinetist Ben Goldberg, bassist Lisle Ellis, pianist Erik Deutsch and drummer John Hollenbeck. Eskelin also made a guest artist appearance on the BBC Electric Proms Festival in London with the Basquiat Strings in 2007.In 2009 Eskelin was the recipient of a Chamber Music America "New Jazz Works"


texts:
 grant which commissioned an extended work for the group "Different But the Same", a quartet with fellow saxophonist David Liebman. During this time Eskelin also continued launching new projects of his own (leaning towards complete improvisation) such as "Vanishing Point", a group-improvised recording from 2000 with Mat Maneri (viola), Erik Friedlander (cello), Mark Dresser (bass) and Matt Moran (vibraphone). An improvising trio of cellist Vincent Courtois, pianist Sylvie Courvoisier and Eskelin was formed in 2002 and recorded "As Soon as Possible" in 2008. 2010–present
In 2011 Eskelin formed "Trio New York" with Hammond B3 organist Gary Versace and drummer Gerald Cleaver. A renewed interest in the early history of the saxophone (sparked by his switch to a vintage instrument in 2009) has invigorated Eskelin's musical aesthetic. Trio New York incorporates standard material from the Great American Songbook (much of the repertoire being inspired by his mother, organist Bobbie Lee) in a freely improvised setting. In comparing the group's eponymous recording to an earlier project by Eskelin devoted to the music of saxophonist Gene Ammons (The Sun Died, 1996), reviewer Ed Hazel wrote: "If anything, Trio New York is both subtler and more adventurous, more at home with the music and less self conscious about taking liberties with it."The group has released three recordings, Trio New York, Trio New York II and Trio Willisau Live, this most recent release being a live recording from the Willisau Festival in 2015 and featuring Gerry Hemingway on the drums. The UK based Wire Magazine wrote of this project, “There’s a whole history of jazz in these richly rewarding performances.”

In 2013 Eskelin released a new recorded project for clean feed records entitled Mirage, improvisations with Susan Alcorn (pedal steel guitar) and Michael Formanek (double bass). Eskelin remarked that he was interested in exploring the "expressive range of the saxophone that is perhaps most associated with its


texts:
 beginnings" and that his objective is to "bring that type of lyricism to the language of contemporary improvised music." Continuing with  this idea, in the liner notes to his 2015 release Solo Live at Snugs on hatOLOGY records, Eskelin discusses a revamped approach to solo saxophone performance, updating his 1992 release Premonition - Solo Tenor Saxophone in which he compares the two projects by saying “As opposed to reimagining my instrument I’m very much interested in the essence of a saxophone as being just what it is, a saxophone.”

In 2016 Eskelin was interviewed by the web based music journal “Point of Departure”  in which he conveyed his increasing advocacy of acoustic (non-amplified) performance in humanistic, if not spiritual terms, also expressing concern about the effect of technology on the artistic experience as well as the potential disruption of personal and community engagement. Expanding on his thoughts regarding music and spirituality, <mask> (a formal practitioner of Zen Buddhism) was interviewed in the book “Spirits Rejoice! : Jazz and American Religion” by Jason Bivins. Eskelin’s current working ensemble includes bassist Christian Weber (from Zürich) and Michael Griener on drums (based in Berlin).The group performs acoustically (no microphones on stage and bassist Weber opting not to use an amplifier) performing freely improvised music juxtaposed with early jazz classics by composers such as Scott Joplin, Jelly Roll Morton and Fats Waller. The trio records for the Swiss Intakt label having released “Sensations of Tone” in 2017 followed by "The Pearls" in 2019. The episode was entitled "Blame it on Art" and originally aired August 22, 1997. 1959 births
American jazz saxophonists
American male saxophonists
Cadence Jazz Records artists
Jazz musicians from Maryland
Jazz tenor saxophonists
Living people
American male jazz musicians
Towson University alumni
Musicians from Baltimore
21st-century saxophonists
21st-century American male musicians
Clean Feed Records


texts:
<mask> (born 22 December 1993) is a Brazilian professional surfer who won the 2014, 2018 and 2021 WSL World Championships. <mask> joined the world's elite of the World Surf League Tour in 2011, and in his rookie year he finished within the top 12 of the ASP (now WSL) World Tour at the age of 17. In March 2014 he won the Quiksilver Pro Gold Coast. Media sources credit him as being the second person to have executed a maneuver called the "Backflip". <mask> also became the first person ever to land this move in competition. Life and career
Born in São Sebastião, São Paulo, and raised in the city's district of Maresias, is the son of <mask> and Claudio de Jesus Ferreira. <mask> began surfing at age 9 and at 11 won his first national championship—the Rip Curl Grom Search in the category Sub-12, held in Búzios, Rio de Janeiro.<mask> won many Brazilian amateur championships, becoming champion at the Volcom Sub-14, Quicksilver King of Groms, Rip Curl Grom Search, besides conquering the state championship three times. In California, he was second at the Volcom Internacional Sub-14, and in Ecuador, vice-champion of the Amateur World Sub-16 Championship. At 14 years old, <mask> was already at the finals of the Paulista Championship, became the Paulista Junior Champion, and surfing the World Qualifying Series (WQS) 6-star event Onbongo Pro Surfing 2008 in Ubatuba, where he managed to defeat his idol Adriano de Souza, aka Mineirinho. In July 2009, <mask> Curl, and thereafter endeavored to pursue a professional surfing career. Just 10 days later, <mask> set a new mark as the youngest male winner of an open age pro competition by taking out the Maresias Surf International in Brazil by the age of 15 (That victory broke one of pro surfing's longest-standing records, held by Australian Nick Wood,

masks:
Gabriel Medina Pinto Ferreira
Medina
Medina
Simone Pinto Medina
Medina
Medina
Medina
Medinaip
Medina


texts: who won the 1987 Rip Curl Pro at Bells Beach as a 16-year-old). In 2011 came the sequence of championships that took <mask> to share the waves with the top surfers, surfing the WQS 6 Star Prime in Imbituba, and the two WQS 6 Star in France and Spain. He was also victorious in the Pro Junior World Championship, held in French waves.With his prowess and results in such a young age, <mask> signed and extension contract with Rip Curl just in the same week of his debut on the 2011 ASP World Championship Tour, by the age of 17, by the mid-season rotation. <mask> went on to finish his rookie season with two WCT events wins (Hossegor, France and San Francisco, USA), despite competing only half of the season. In 2013, <mask> went on to win the World Junior Tour (ASP) in 2013, at age 19. In the 2014 WCT season, by winning the very first event of the season, the Quiksilver Pro Gold Coast, <mask> became the first Brazilian male surfer ever to win on the Gold Coast, and also the first goofy to win this contest since 2004 and less than two months after recovering from a broken leg injury suffered while surfing in Hawaii. He dropped to 5th on the rankings after finishing 13th on the Billabong Rio Pro, but re-assumed the pole after winning the Volcom Fiji Pro. <mask> also won the Billabong Pro Teahupoo, the seventh WCT event of the season in Tahiti, beating in a highly competitive final Kelly Slater. Later in the year, after finishing in 2nd place in the last event of the season at the Billabong Pipeline Masters in Hawaii, <mask> went on to become the first ever Brazilian ASP World Champion by the age of 20 (the youngest since Kelly Slater did also in age 20 in 1992).In 2015, after a sequence of average results, <mask> won the Quiksilver Pro France, capturing his sixth WCT event win and his

masks: Medina Medina Medina Medina Medina Medina Medina Medina


texts: second in Hossegor, France. After beating Mick Fanning and reaching the finals at the last WCT event of the season, the Billabong Pipe Masters in Hawaii, for the second straight year, <mask> once again made history, becoming the first Brazilian ever to win the Hawaiian Triple Crown of Surfing title. With Adriano de Souza winning the other semifinal later and capturing the 2015 World Title (due to Fanning's loss to <mask>), the stage was set for a first time ever all Brazilian final at the Pipe Masters. <mask> finished runner-up once again as de Souza became the first Brazilian ever to win the Hawaiian CT event. With this second place, <mask> finished the 2015 WCT season on a high note, reaching the 3rd place. On 14 May 2016, during the Oi Rio Pro, <mask> made history once again, becoming the first surfer ever to land the move "Backflip" in competition. As a result, <mask> got a perfect 10 in all five judges thus beating fellow countryman Alex Ribeiro in a 2nd round elimination heat.<mask> went on to finish the competition in third place. On 17 June 2016, in the Fiji Islands, <mask> won his seventh WCT event, his second in Cloudbreak, in heavy conditions. The win put him as the most victorious Brazilian surfer in the history of the CT only at the age of 22. In the 2017 season, <mask> made history as one of the two (Carissa Moore, on the women's division) first-ever surfers to win a competition in man-made wave pool at Kelly Slater's Surf Ranch in Lemoore, California. <mask> later also managed to secure 2 more event wins (Quiksilver Pro France and MEO Rip Curl Pro Portugal) reaching 9 WCT wins in his career, by the age of 23. Even though reaching the final event with title chances, <mask> finished off the season in second place. With that <mask> extends his streak of finishing

masks: Medina Medina Medina Medina Medina Medina Medina Medina Medina Medina Medina Medina


texts: the season in at least the Top 3 to an incredible four years, since his 2014 world title.In the 2018 season, <mask>'s better start than the previous 3 seasons and victories at Tahiti, the wave pool in California, and Pipeline  (including a 10-point ride in his quarterfinal heat) lead him onto becoming a two-time world champion, therefore becoming the most accomplished surfer from Brazil, by the age of 24. 2018 also was marked as a historic year for Brazilian surfing, as the country grabbed 9 event wins - <mask> (3x), Ítalo Ferreira (3x), Filipe Toledo (2x) and William Cardoso - out of the 11 events on the 2018 Championship Tour calendar, which culminated in <mask>'s second world title. Also CT surfer Jessé Mendes won the Vans Triple Crown of Surfing, becoming the second Brazilian surfer to accomplish the feat, beside <mask> himself. Mateus Herdy became the WSL World Junior Champion in Taiwan, joining fellow Brazilians <mask>, Adriano de Souza, Caio Ibelli, Lucas Silveira and Pablo Paulino (2x), and also big wave surfers Rodrigo Koxa and Maya Gabeira winning each other the XXL Biggest Wave awards and setting new Guinness world records for largest waves surfed by a male and female surfer respectively. In the 2019 season, after another sleepy start <mask> once again claimed another win, his 13th CT event, this time in Jeffreys Bay, South Africa. <mask> made history being part of the first ever goofy-footers final in J-Bay, against compatriot Ítalo Ferreira and also the first goofy-footer to win this event in 35 years (Mark Occhilupo), and the second ever. On 9–15 September, <mask> along the top surfers from all over the world competed in Miyazaki, Japan in the 2019 ISA World Surfing Games, a mandatory event to be eligible to compete in the 2020 Olympic Games, also to be held in


texts: Japan.<mask> competed in the Open Men's division and went on to finish the event with the bronze medal, behind fellow CT surfers Kolohe Andino (2nd) and countryman Ítalo Ferreira (1st). Also, due to these results combined with Filipe Toledo's (9th after withdrawing due to back pain), and in the Open Women's division Silvana Lima's (2nd), Tatiana Weston-Webb's (5th) and Tainá Hinckel's (25th), Brazil went on to win the gold medal, the first since the 2000 ISA games. Less than a week later, <mask> captured his 14th CT event win, the third win at Kelly Slater's Surf Ranch (thus winning all three individual competitions ever had on this site at the time), in the Freshwater Pro, climbing the rankings and reaching the first position. <mask> didn't do well during the European Leg and ended up eliminated in the Round of 16 in Quicksilver Pro France and MEO Rip Curl Pro Portugal. With one event left to go, he is second in the ranking, right behind Ítalo Ferreira. <mask> caused controversy in the 2019 Billabong Pipe Masters by dropping in on his fellow competitor. This led to his actions being labelled unsportsmanlike.The Brazilian surfer was also selected to represent his country in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, alongside 2019 WCT Champion Italo Ferreira. He finished the Olympics in fourth place, narrowly losing to Australia's Owen Wright in the bronze medal match. In the 2021 season, <mask> managed to clinch his 3rd world title and did so in definitive fashion by winning 3 of the 8 tour events and placing running-up at 3 events as well. The win saw <mask> join Tom Curren, Andy Irons and Mick Fanning with three World Titles. With 16 WSL Championship Tour (CT) event wins and 29 Final appearances under his belt, <mask> is one of the most experienced surfers when it comes to producing the best

masks: Medina Medina Medina Medina Medina Medina Medina


texts:
 surfing under pressure. <mask> is 2nd  only to Kelly Slater for the most World Titles among surfers currently on the CT. In January 2022, <mask> announced that he would be taking an indefinite leave from competitive surfing to focus on his mental health..Thus far, he has withdrawn from the first 3 events on 2022 championship tour, including the Billabong Pro Pipeline, Hurley Pro Sunset Beach and MEO Pro Portugal. Surfboards
<mask> has been with his shaper Johnny Cabianca since 2008. Johnny Cabianca, a Brazilian living in the Basque Country, is one of the world's most renowned surfboard shapers. <mask> is using about 100 surfboards a year, with a volume ranging from 28.5 to 29.1 litres. Cabianca who previously shaped under the Spanish label Pukas, started his own brand in 2015. <mask>'s first victory on a Cabianca Surfboard was the Quiksilver Pro France 2015. Results

Victories

WSL World Championship Tour

Filmography
Acting

 Luiza Possi: Lembra (2017)
 Surf Chronicles (2011)

Self

 Tempestade Perfeita (2021)
 É Ouro!O Brilho do Brasil em Tóquio (2021)
 World Debut (2021)
 <mask> (2020)
 WSL Men's Championship Tour (2019)
 Mundo <mask> (2019)
 WSL World Surf League (2018)
 No Contest (2018)
 WSL Men's Championship Tour (2018)
 Rip Curl's The Search (2014-2017)
 WSL Men's Championship Tour (2016)
 Vai Fernandinha (2016)
 Samsung: Surf - The Snail (2016)
 WSL Men's Championship Tour (2015)
 Xuxa Meneghel (2015)
 Today (2014)
 ASP Men's Championship Tour (2014)
 ASP World Surf Tour (2014)
 Diário das Ilhas (2012)
 Noronha Prime (2012)

References

External links
 WSL profile WSL Championship Tour
 <mask> Br-Rip Curl

1993 births
Living people
People from São Sebastião, São Paulo
Brazilian surfers
World Surf League surfers
Olympic surfers of Brazil
Surfers at the 2020 Summer

masks:
Medina
Medina
Medina
Medina
Medina
Gabriel Medina
Medina
Gabriel Medina


texts:
<mask> (1 May 1906 – 5 May 1983) was an SS-Sturmbannführer (major) and medical doctor who conducted sterilization and castration experiments at Auschwitz and was particularly interested in the mass sterilization of Jews by means of X-rays. Early life
Schumann was born on 1 May 1906 in Halle an der Saale. His father, <mask>, was also a doctor. Schumann entered the Nazi party in 1930 and joined the Sturmabteilung in 1932. In 1933, he received his medical degree after producing a thesis entitled "Frage der Jodresorption und der therapeutischen Wirkung sog. Jodbäder" ("The Question of Iodine Absorption and the Therapeutic Effects of so-called Iodine Baths"). He started his career as an assistant doctor in the Surgical Clinic of the clinic of Halle University.Nazi doctor
From 1934, Schumann was employed in the Public Health Office in Halle. He was recruited to the air force as a physician in 1939. He joined the Aktion T4 Euthanasia program in early October 1939, after a meeting with Dr. Viktor Brack in Hitler's chancellery. In January 1940, Schumann became head of the Grafeneck euthanasia centre in Württemberg, where mentally ill people were gassed with carbon monoxide in the first gas chamber. In the early summer of 1940, he was ordered to the Sonnenstein Euthanasia Centre. Schumann also belonged to a commission of doctors called "Action 14f13", who transferred weak and sick prisoners from Auschwitz, Buchenwald, Dachau, Flossenbürg, Gross-Rosen, Mauthausen, Neuengamme and Niederhangen concentration camps to the euthanasia killing centers. Auschwitz
On 28 July 1941, Schumann arrived in Auschwitz.He worked at Block 30 in the women's

masks:
Horst Schumann
Paul Schumann


texts: hospital, where he set up an X-ray station in 1942. Here men and women were forcibly sterilized by being positioned repeatedly for several minutes between two X-ray machines, the rays aiming at their sexual organs. Most subjects died after great suffering, or were gassed immediately because the radiation burns from which they suffered rendered them unfit for work. Schumann "...chose his test persons himself. They were always young, healthy, good-looking Jewish men, women and girls who looked like old people afterwards. The parts of the body that were treated with the rays experienced severe radiation burns and suppuration (i.e. discharge of pus).Men's testicles and women's ovaries were then surgically removed and sent to Breslau for histopathological examination. Part of Schumann's control tests, to check whether the radiation had worked, was the so-called semen check: a stick covered with a rubber hose was inserted into the rectum of the victim and the glands stimulated until ejaculation occurred so that the ejaculate could be tested for sperm..." Both kinds of samples were sent to the University of Breslau (today Wrocław) for examination. Schumann selected some of the women in Block 10 in the main camp of Auschwitz. In this Block Jewish women had been imprisoned for human experiments. To control the radiation on women, prisoner doctors (Dr. Maximilian Samuel, Dr. Wladislaw Dering) had to remove an ovary. Schumann also performed typhus experiments by injecting people with blood from typhus patients and then attempting to cure the newly infected subjects. Schumann left Auschwitz in September 1944 and was appointed to the