texts:
 agents continued to investigate a bank account that was almost empty. Arriving in Palestine the family took up residence on 9 Gordon St. in Tel Aviv. <mask> opened a film production company which he called Hafilm Ha’Eretz Israeli which was the identical name chosen by Chaim Halachmi, the producer of the first sound film in Palestine.Dunkel established a laboratory dealing with 16 mm, 9.5mm and 8mm stock. He produced, developed and distributed films, as well as renting out equipment and teaching cinematography. He did not learn Hebrew but was registered by the mandatory authorities as a Jew despite the fact that he did not convert to Judaism. He associated with other German speaking immigrants, mostly from the world of arts. He knew Helmar Lerski, director of the films Avodah and Adamah and was friends with filmmaker Yerushalayim Segal and photographer Zoltan Kluger. While undergoing surgery <mask>’s wife Cyla died in the early 1940s. <mask> remarried in 1943 to Marthe Hirshman, a Czech refugee who was saved when the illegal immigrant ship Patria was blown up in the port of Haifa.In early 1948 they had a daughter Ruth. <mask> was very concerned with the family’s safety and economic security. Two days after the declaration of the state, on May 16, 1948 Egyptian planes attacked Tel Aviv. Two bombs fell very close to the Dunkel home while <mask> was on the roof viewing the action. He ran to where the baby Ruthie was located, fearing for her life and died of a heart attack next to her cradle. As he was not Jewish the authorities would not bury him in a Jewish cemetery. In the end he was buried in the Catholic cemetery “Terra Sancta” in Jaffa while it was under fire.Professional Career in Palestine
<mask>’s laboratory was the first in the country to work with 16mm film. <mask> promoted the use of this film stock finding it to be

masks:
Fred
Dunkel
Dunkel
Dunkel
Fred
Fred Dunkel
Dunkel


type: original

texts:
 the most convenient and least expensive to use. From 1939-1944 he worked in cooperation with the Jewish National Fund (JNF) producing films for them. <mask> was the only filmmaker in the country who had 16mm stock and the equipment to develop color film in his laboratory. He used his unique position to promote himself as the only professional able to deliver the goods in a short period of time. He refused to sell stock to other professionals and would only develop footage for amateurs. Eventually the complaints of other filmmakers forced JNF to sever their ties to him.In his last years he filmed only home movies. Selection of his Films
 Tel Aviv – A short film among the first produced in Palestine to appear in color. The film shows the first Hebrew city and its many sites: boats in the port, street scenes, the central synagogue, Dizengoff square, boating on the Yarkon, and camels walking through the sands. Yehuda Nadivi, the secretary of the city after touring the far east with the film wrote: “I would like to note that the film made a big impression on the viewers, both Jews and non-Jews. Especially in the cities of Bombay, Calcutta, Rangoon and Singapore. The film presented the beauty and color of Tel Aviv in a manner that created a desire to come and visit Tel Aviv and Eretz Israel.”
 Springtime in Galilee – A study on the settlements in the upper Galilee as filmed by Dunkel during spring 1940. The film shows views of the area and different locations in the north.The antiquities at Kfar Nahum (Capernaum), fishermen of the Sea of Galilee, the city of Safad, Rosh Pina, Machanayim, Kibbutz Ein Gev, and Kibbutz Amir. The latter was established a few months earlier during the “Tower and Stockade” operation. Aviation, Saraphend – Two film excerpts shot during the 2nd World War depicting the beginnings of the formation a Jewish


texts:
 military fighting unit. The first shows aircraft pilot training in a company called “Aviron” while the second shows the recruitment of Jewish volunteers, born in Eretz Israel, to the British armed forces and their training in Sarafand (now Tzrifin). They Find a Home – A film on the hardships encountered by Jewish refugees fleeing from Nazi Germany including their deportation from Germany, their clandestine transport by fragile boats and their absorption into Eretz Israel. The film produced with Keren Hayesod and photographed by <mask> exposes the cruelty of the Nazi regime. Scenes of harassment of German Jews both authentic and staged appear in the film.The People Serve - A film showing the work of Jewish farmers in Eretz Israel working the land while having to defend it. Among pastoral landscapes of working the fields, shepherds and fruitful orchards, there are also rare excerpts depicting the training of the special night squads formed by the Haganah and under the command of the legendary British officer Orde Wingate. These include, probably the only shot in existence of Moshe Dayan with both of his eyes intact. The collection of <mask>’s films, deposited in the Steven Spielberg Jewish Film Archive by his daughter Ruth Gazit, includes films documenting the Maccabiah Games, the “illegals” ship “Patria” sinking at Haifa port, Dead Sea works in Kalya and shots of the port in Tel Aviv. In addition there are many home movies photographed by Dunkel in the last months of his life. Most of these star his baby daughter Ruth. External links
A selection of Dunkel films from the Steven Spielberg Jewish Film Archive internet site.1891 births
1948 deaths
Film people from Thuringia
German male journalists
Businesspeople from Thuringia
German male writers
Mass media people from Erfurt
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to Mandatory

masks:
Fred Dunkel
Fred Dunkel


texts:
<mask> (December 23, 1932 – June 23, 1987), was considered by many to be Puerto Rico's first television singing idol. Early years
<mask> (birth name: <mask> was born in Río Piedras, Puerto Rico. <mask> was raised by his maternal grandmother and received primary education in Santurce. During his spare time, he taught himself to play the guitar. In 1942, when was only 10 years old, his grandmother realized that her grandson had musical talent and took him to WNEL, the local radio station, where he made his debut. In 1946, <mask> enrolled at the Free School of Music in San Juan, where he continued his guitar studies and learned to play the trumpet. Trío Los Lirios
In 1948, <mask> and eleven fellow students created an ensemble with <mask> as lead singer.In 1949, <mask> formed a trio called Trío Los Lirios which became a regular guest on the WKAQ radio station. They were paid 2 American dollars per appearance. Recording debut
<mask> enrolled at the University of Puerto Rico to study Liberal Arts and joined the university's choir. In 1950, the owner of Mardí Records heard and was impressed by <mask>'s singing and asked him to form a quartet including a female voice. <mask> did so, was signed by Mardí Records and dropped out of college in 1953 to travel with the quartet to New York City. <mask> also went solo in 1953 and scored a hit with a recording of the bolero Sollozo ('Crying'), which he followed up with Orquídeas, a Spanish version of Orchids in the Moonlight by Vincent Youmans. That same year he met and married Nilda María Canino with whom he was to have three children, Agustin Jr., María and José Rafael.He returned to New York and performed at the Paramount Theater where Myrta Silva introduced him as "El Pollo que Canta" ('The Handsome Singer'). Los Hispanos
In

masks:
Tito Lara
Lara
Agustín Enrique Lara Olivencia
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara


texts:
 1955, <mask> joined one of Puerto Rico's renowned quartets Los Hispanos and made his television début with them and singers, Ida Claudio, and Sonia Noemí on "El Show Ford", broadcast by Telemundo, the television station owned and operated by Ángel Ramos. His extraordinary vocal range allowed him to replace any of the members of Los Hispanos when one of them was unable to perform. On January 11, 1965, the group began a seven-year participation in the televised part of the Festival Sultana, a show produced by Paquito Cordero. <mask> and Los Hispanos travelled and performed in the United States, the Dominican Republic, Panamá, Perú, Venezuela and Chile. <mask> enrolled in the Music Conservatory of Puerto Rico and in 1970 earned his bachelor's degree, specializing in trumpet-playing. He formed a duo with María Esther Ortiz called Los Dos and also founded the Allegro 72 group, which, among others, included Luis Antonio Cosme.<mask> performed with Allegro 72 at Carnegie Hall, New York, and at various television stations. Some members of Allegro 72 who went on to gain fame were Lunna, Ángel "Cucco" Peña, Dagmar Rivera and Alyce Gracia. Later years
<mask> began to have problems with his health in 1978, suffering a stroke which was complicated by his diabetes. In 1979, he underwent an open-heart surgery procedure from which he recuperated and shortly after returned to Puerto Rico. There he underwent conversion to Christianity and joined a Protestant church. After his conversion, he continued singing sacred music almost exclusively, collaborating with singers such as the magnificent mezzo-soprano Maribel Soto, recording with her a Spanish adaptation of Sandi Patty's "More than Wonderful" ("Maravilloso es"); singing in a choir put together by Wisón Torres, Jr. and Leyda E.

masks: Lara Lara Lara Lara Lara


texts:
 Colón, founders and directors of the Puerto Rican Christian music group Peregrinos y Extranjeros, for the CD "Buscando aquella ciudad" ("Looking for that city") (Pilgrim Music), and recording two beautiful projects as a soloist. The first one was titled "Él" ("He"); the second one: "Señor Amigo" ("My Lord, my friend").Most of the lyrics of his sacred songs talked about grace, eternal live, hope, and love for his Lord, Jesus Christ. When visiting churches to sing live or presenting concerts, he always said: "I sing happily because I believe in the words I sing". His version in Spanish of the Frankie Laine hit I Believe, titled "Tengo Fe", became his signature song. He also participated in "Noche de Gala", a musical variety show hosted by T.V. personality Eddie Miró, for the celebration of Easter, singing the famous duet with Maribel Soto. In 1985, <mask> participated in the Concierto de Navidad (Christmas Concert) held at the "Luis A. Ferré Center for the Performing Arts" in San Juan. In 1986, he held concerts in the Brooklyn Center for the Performing Arts and at the Hostos Center of Culture in the Bronx.That year he also recorded his last album, Los Cuatro Ases (The Four Aces). Personal life

<mask> was married to Nilda Maria Canino from 1953 to his death. In addition to his wife, he was survived by his three children. He died on June 23, 1987, aged 54, and was laid to rest in Santa María Magdalena de Pazzis Cemetery in Old San Juan. See also

List of Puerto Ricans

References

External links
Popular Culture

1932 births
1987 deaths
Burials at Santa María Magdalena de Pazzis Cemetery
Puerto Rican Protestants
People from Río Piedras, Puerto Rico
Singers from San Juan, Puerto Rico
20th-century Puerto Rican male singers
Converts to Protestantism from Roman

masks: Lara Lara


texts:
<mask> () (died April 8, 944), known as <mask> () during his reign, formally Emperor Jingzong of Min (), was an emperor of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Min. He became Min's ruler after a coup that overthrew his nephew <mask> (<mask>, Emperor Kangzong) in 939. With his reign being a cruel one, the imperial guard officers Zhu Wenjin and Lian Chongyu (who were instrumental in the coup that brought him to power) assassinated him and slaughtered the imperial <mask> clan. Zhu thereafter claimed the title of Emperor of Min. Background
It is not known when <mask> was born, but it is known that he was the 28th son of <mask>, commonly regarded as Min's first ruler and later posthumously honored as Emperor Taizu (although formally, <mask> remained a vassal of Tang and Later Liang). Historical accounts did not indicate who his mother was. Historical accounts also did not discuss most of <mask>'s activities during the next three rulers of Min—<mask>'s older brothers <mask> and <mask> (also known as <mask>, Emperor Huizong), and nephew (<mask>'s son) <mask> (also known as <mask>, Emperor Kangzong).Based on the timing of subsequent events, it appeared likely (although not conclusively so) that at some point while still being a subject, he married the daughter of the official Li Zhen () as his wife. (It is possible that he married her after he became emperor.) It is known, however, that there was a time when an emissary of Silla offered a sword to <mask>g as a gift at a feast. When

masks:
Wang Yanxi
Wang Xi
Wang Jipeng
Wang Chang
Wang
Wang Yanxi
Wang Shenzhi
Wang Shenzhi
Wang Yanxi
Wang Yanxi
Wang Yanhan
Wang Yanjun
Wang Lin
Wang Yanjun
Wang Jipeng
Wang Chang
Wang Jipen


texts:
 <mask>g showed it to the chancellor <mask> () and asked <mask>, "What can I use it for?" and <mask> responded, "You can use it to behead unfaithful subjects," <mask>, who happened to be at the feast as well and who was already secretly having designs on the throne, was so shocked that his expressions changed. At one point, <mask> apparently received the titles of Zuo Pushe () and chancellor (同中書門下平章事, Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi), but fearing that <mask>g would suspect him, he pretended to be crazy and dumb. <mask>g thereafter gave him Taoist monk's robes, and placed him in the Wuyi Mountains, but later recalled him to the capital Changle (長樂, in modern Fuzhou, Fujian) and put him under house arrest.By 939, <mask>g had alienated two elite corps that his father <mask> established, the Gongchen () and the Anhe (), by establishing his own elite corps, the Chenwei (). The commanders of the Gongchen and Anhe corps, Zhu Wenjin and Lian Chongyu, feared death, and therefore decided to mutiny. They rose and defeated <mask>g's Chenwei corps, and then went to <mask>'s mansion, offering the throne to him. <mask>g fled, but was later captured and executed. <mask> took the throne. Reign

As King of Min
While <mask> took on much of the imperial trappings—including commissioning officials for his imperial administration, issuing a general pardon, and changing era name—he nevertheless only assumed the title of King of Min at the moment and submitted a petition to Shi Jingtang, the emperor of Later Jin,

masks:
Wang Jipen
Wang Tan
Wang Tan
Wang Tan
Wang Yanxi
Wang Yanxi
Wang Jipen
Wang Jipen
Wang Jipen
Wang Yanjun
Wang Jipen
Wang Yanxi
Wang Jipen
Wang Yanxi
Wang Yanxi


texts: which then controlled the Central Plains, to be Later Jin's vassal. He changed his name to <mask>.Publicly, in announcing <mask>peng's death, he blamed it on a mutiny by the Chenwei Corps. He commissioned (presumably by this point) his father-in-law Li Zhen as chancellor. A number of sorcerers who had misled <mask>g were executed. However, <mask>, once his power was affirmed, turned out to be arrogant, licentious, and cruel, and he was suspicious of other members of the <mask> imperial clan. His younger brother <mask>g the prefect of Jian Prefecture (建州, in modern Nanping, Fujian) often wrote him to try to correct his behavior, but that led him to be angry. He sent his close associates Ye Qiao () to serve as monitor of <mask>g's army, and Du Hanchong () to serve as monitor of the army at Nanzhen Base (南鎮軍, near Jian). Both Ye and Du frequently submitted reports of their suspicions about <mask>g, adding to the friction.In 940, after an argument between <mask>g and Ye, <mask>g tried to arrest Ye, but Ye was able to flee. <mask>g then rose in full rebellion against <mask>'s administration, and he quickly defeated the imperial generals in Jian's vicinity. When <mask> then sent the generals Pan Shikui () and Wu Xingzhen () to attack Jian, <mask>g sought aid from Min's northern neighbor Wuyue. Wuyue's king Qian Yuanguan sent a detachment commanded by Yang Renquan and Xue Wanzhong () to aid <mask>g, but <mask>g defeated Pan and Wu before the Wuyue army's arrival. He then tried to send the Wuyue army

masks:
Wang Xi
Wang Ji
Wang Jipen
Wang Xi
Wang
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen


texts: away, but Yang and Xue refused to leave Jian's vicinity. <mask>g then turned around and sought aid from <mask>, who sent their nephew <mask> () to head toward Jian and cut off the supply routes of Yang and Xue's army. <mask>g then defeated them, forcing them to retreat.Subsequently, Min's northwestern neighbor Southern Tang's emperor Li Bian sent emissaries to <mask> and <mask>g, trying to quell their dispute. Under Li Bian's moderation, <mask>g sent servants to Changle, and his servants subsequently swore an oath, on his behalf, with <mask>, at their father <mask>zhi's tomb, formally entering a peace between the brothers, but privately, they remained suspicious of each other. <mask> subsequently build up Changle's defenses to defend a possible attack, and the conscription, as well as <mask>'s encouragement for people to become Buddhist monks, led to some 11,000 men becoming monks. Meanwhile, Shi, who had previously cut off relations with Min due to the arrogance of <mask>peng (who wanted the two states to be treated equally, angering Shi), received <mask>'s petition, and thereafter created him the King of Min and gave him the titles of military governor (Jiedushi) of Weiwu Circuit (威武, headquartered at Changle)—a tradition title held by Min's rulers when in subordination to the central Chinese regimes—and honorary chancellor title of Zhongshu Ling (). In 941, when <mask>g requested the title of military governor of Weiwu, <mask> declined to give him the title (citing the longstanding tradition

masks:
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Xi
Wang Jiye
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Xi
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Xi
Wang Shen
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Ji
Wang Xi
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Xi


texts:
 of Weiwu being seated at Changle), but commissioned him as the military governor of a new Zhen'an Circuit (), to be headquartered at Jian. (<mask>g, though, did not like the name of Zhen'an, and therefore referred to himself as military governor of Zhenwu ()  Also in 941, <mask> commissioned his son <mask> as chancellor and the commander of the imperial guards. Later that year, suspecting an alliance between <mask> Yanzheng and <mask> Jiye (who was then serving as the prefect of Quan Prefecture (泉州, in modern Quanzhou, Fujian)), he summoned <mask> Jiye back from Quan and forced <mask> Jiye to commit suicide.As Emperor of Min
In fall 941, <mask> claimed the title of emperor—although only the Huang () component, not the full Huangdi () title, and continued to also claim the title of military governor of Weiwu, apparently trying to maintain some resemblance of a vassal relationship to Later Jin. Meanwhile, even though he created <mask>g the Prince of Fusha, the military hostilities between him and <mask>g resumed, such that it was said that the side of roads between Changle and Jian were overlaid with bones from dead soldiers. Meanwhile, fearing that <mask>'s successor at Quan, <mask> () (a son of <mask>'s, and therefore also a nephew) was becoming popular with the people, he recalled <mask> and then poisoned <mask> to death. Shortly after, he created <mask>, who then carried the title of Prince of Langye, the Prince of Changle and made <mask> the military governor of Weiwu. In winter 941, <mask>

masks:
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Xi
Wang Yacheng
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang Xi
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Jiye
Wang Jiyan
Wang Yanjun
Wang Jiyan
Wang Jiyan
Wang Yacheng
Wang Yacheng
Wang Xi


texts: assumed the full title of Huangdi. In spring 942, he created Li Zhen's daughter—who, based on the sequence of events, he was likely to have married while still being a subject, as she was described to be the mother of <mask>—empress. It was said that she liked drinking and had a strong personality, such that <mask> both favored and feared her.Shortly after, he created <mask> the Prince of Min. Meanwhile, the battles with <mask>g continued. In fall 942, <mask> sent emissaries carrying his personally written edicts, gold, money, and official commissions (to allow <mask>g to commission his subordinates as officials) to <mask>g, seeking peace, but <mask>g rejected the overture. Meanwhile, when another nephew, <mask>rou (), was unable to drink at a feast and secretly reduced the wine served him, <mask> became angry and put him to death, as well as the officer serving the wine to him. In 942, there was a time when <mask> commissioned the chancellor Yu Tingying to be the prefect of Quan. Yu engaged in corruption upon arriving there, including taking women for himself while claiming that he was doing so under <mask>'s orders, for the women to serve as consorts in <mask>'s palace. When <mask> received reports of this, he sent imperial censors to investigate.In fear, Yu returned to Changle, trying to defend himself. <mask> was set to have him arrested, when Yu offered a large tribute of money. <mask> was pleased, and, after extracting a second tribute (on Empress Li's behalf), allowed Yu to return to

masks:
Wang Yacheng
Wang Xi
Wang Yacheng
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Xi
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Ji
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Xi


texts: Quan. Indeed, after this incident, the officials began to directly offer tributes to the empress. Subsequently, he even recalled Yu and made Yu a chancellor again. Around the same time, he also made his nephew Li Renyu () (the son of one of his sisters and the chancellor Li Min (), and brother to <mask>peng's first wife) and Li Guangzhun () chancellors—in Li Renyu's case, because Li Renyu, who was described to be young and handsome, gained his favor by apparently having sexual relations with him. In spring 943, <mask>g formally declared himself emperor of a breakaway state of Yin.Meanwhile, <mask> took the daughter of the general Shang Baoyin () and became infatuated with her due to her beauty. It was said that if he were drunk, he would do whatever Consort Shang asked him to do, whether it comes to killing people or sparing people. Around the same time, there was a time when someone offered a sword to him. This caused him to remember the incident involving <mask> during <mask>peng's reign, and he opened up <mask>'s grave and cut <mask>'s body into pieces. In winter 943, there was a time when <mask> was giving one of his daughters away in marriage. When he realized that 12 of his imperial officials did not congratulate her, he had them caned. As the deputy chief imperial censor Liu Zan () did not, until that occurred, indict them, he wanted to cane Liu as well.The official Zheng Yuanbi () tried to intercede on Liu's behalf, and when <mask> stated, "Are you, lord, trying to be Wei Zheng?" Zheng

masks:
Wang Ji
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Xi
Wang Tan
Wang Ji
Wang Tan
Wang Tan
Wang Xi
Wang Xi


texts: responded, "I, your subject, treat Your Imperial Majesty as Emperor Taizong of Tang, and that is why I am trying to be Wei Zheng." Only then was <mask>'s anger soothed somewhat, and he released Liu, but Liu later died due to anxiety from this incident. Early in 944, Li Bian's son and successor Li Jing wrote to both <mask> and <mask>g to rebuke them for their intrafamily family war. <mask>'s return letter to Li Jing cited the examples of the Duke of Zhou's executions of his brothers the Lords of Guan and Cai and Emperor Taizong's killing of his brothers Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji. <mask>g's return letter to Li Jing, however, was more confrontational, rebuking Li Jing's father Li Bian for usurping the throne of Southern Tang's predecessor state Wu. In anger, Li Jing cut off relations with Yin.Meanwhile, over the years, Zhu Wenjin and Lian Chongyu had continued to be concerned that they would be killed on account of having killed <mask>peng. They became increasingly fearful after <mask>, while drunk, killed their associate Wei Conglang (), and after <mask> recited in their presence, in one occasion, Bai Juyi's poem, which stated, "When it comes to matching people's hearts, one cannot have any expectations even when they were physically close." Meanwhile, Empress Li was jealous of the favor that Consort Shang had gained, and wanted to have <mask> killed so that her son <mask> could become emperor. She therefore sent information to Zhu and Lian that <mask> was suspicious of them. In spring 944,

masks:
Wang
Wang Xi
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Xi
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Ji
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Yacheng
Wang Xi


texts:
 there was a time when Empress Li's father Li Zhen had fallen ill, and <mask> went to visit him. As <mask> rode a horse to Li Zhen's mansion, Zhu and Lian had the officer Qian Da () assassinate <mask> even as he was on the horse. They publicly declared that, given the cruel reigns that several straight <mask> emperors had demonstrated, it was time for someone else—and Lian then declared Zhu the new emperor.They slaughtered the members of the <mask> clan at Changle, including Empress Li and <mask>, although they still buried <mask> with ceremony due an emperor. Notes and references

 Old History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 134. New History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 68. Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms, vol. 92.Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 282, 283, 284. |-

|-

|-

944 deaths
Generals from Fujian
Min Kingdom rulers
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms emperors
Assassinated Chinese politicians
Later Jin (Five Dynasties) jiedushi of Weiwu Circuit
Min Kingdom chancellors
Min Kingdom Taoists
Min Kingdom Buddhists
Year of birth unknown
10th-century births
Politicians from Fuzhou
Murdered Chinese emperors
Chinese Buddhist

masks:
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang
Wang
Wang Yacheng
Wang Xi


texts: <mask> (born <mask><mask>, Manhattan, New York, February 18, 1943) is an American classical composer. She is a respected electronic composer particularly known for her cross-cultural work in opera. As a performer, <mask> has been a professional opera singer, performing both traditional and modern roles with the New York City Opera, Metropolitan Opera At-The-Forum, Washington National Opera, Clarion Music Society, Wolf Trap Opera, the Lake George Opera Festival and other opera companies. During the 1990s she intensively studied and performed South Indian Bharata Natyam dance-drama as a vocalist, performing nattuvangam, a form of South Indian rhythmic recitation with the Swati Bhise Bharata Natyam Dance Company, at venues including the United Nations, Asia Society and Wesleyan University. All <mask>' compositions since 2000 reflect her immersion in Indian classical music and drama. Since 2016 <mask> has been involved in the study of Noh theater. <mask> earned three degrees from Columbia University including the Doctor of Musical Arts in music composition, studying with Vladimir Ussachevsky, Jack Beeson, Otto Luening and Chou Wen-Chung.She served as Associate Director of the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center and Director for Development of the Columbia University Computer Music Center. She has taught the psychology of Music as Professor of Psychology at New York University and lectures on the psychology of music at institutions including the Santa Fe Opera, CUNY Center for Developmental Neuroscience, International Society for Research on Emotion, American Psychological Association and the National Association for the Advancement of Psychoanalysis. <mask>' 2018 environmental opera "ZHAOJÜN - The Woman Who Saved the World" for soprano, baritone and seven instruments was performed in concert in November, 2018 by the

masks:
Alice Shields
Alice F
. Shields
Shields
Shields
Shields
Shields
Shields


texts:
 Association for the Promotion of New Music at the Baruch Performing Arts Center in New York City. In this opera, to end environmental destruction and create universal peace, Zhaojün steps out of ancient times into the 21st century to confront a character called The Emperor. <mask>' 2010 feminist opera Criseyde is a radical re-write of Geoffrey Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde, and is sung in Middle English. It was performed in concert at the New York City Opera VOX Festival in May 2008. <mask>' work is published by the American Composers Alliance: , and is recorded on Koch International Classics, New World, CRI, American Composers Alliance Recordings, Tellus, Opus One and Albany Records.ZHAOJÜN - The Woman Who Saved the World   (2018) - opera in 1 act for soprano, baritone & 7 instruments; libretto by the composer, inspired by ancient Chinese poetry & plays: to stop environmental destruction & create universal peace, Zhaojün steps out of ancient times into the 21st century to confront the Emperor, the modern ruler of the world. Instrument and Electronics
 Azure  (2003) for flute, violin, viola, cello & fixed audio media, in Todi raga
 Mioritza — Requiem for Rachel Corrie  (2004) for solo trombone & fixed audio media, with poem by <mask>
 Kyrielle  (2005) for solo violin and fixed audio media, based on Gregorian chants associated with the Virgin Mary. Line of Apogee, New World Records #80389, composed assisting Vladimir Ussachevsky - 1991
 El's Aria, Opus One records #90, aria for soprano, flute and fixed audio media from the opera SHAMAN - ? Apocalypse - An Electronic Opera New World Records #NWCR647, with Michael Willson, baritone; <mask>, mezzo-soprano & Jim Matus, electric guitar - 1993
 Study for Voice and Tape, Dance Piece No.3, New World Records #80521, sung by <mask> - 1997
 Komachi at Sekidera, Koch

masks:
Shields
Shields
Shields
Alice Shields
Shields


texts:
 International Classics #3-7503-2111  - ? The Transformation of Ani, New World Records #80644 (digital re-issue from 1970)- 2006
 Organ Screaming & Dawn Wind, New World Records #NWCR670, from the opera Apocalypse, sung by <mask> - 2007
 Shenandoah - Three Electronic Works Albany Records #TROY699 - 2004
 The Transformation of Ani, New World Records #NWCRL268 - 2010
 Kyrelle, Albany Records #TROY1305, for violin & fixed audio media, with Airi Yoshioka, violin
 White Heron Dance, ACA Recordings #USA-ACA193428351646; based on the Japanese Sa-gi Mai ritual: a human being experiences a moment of union with the sounds of nature - 2018

Filmography

 Cycle of Apples (2019), a collaboration between Shields and Maha Al-Saati. The film includes the opera pieces Agnus Dei (1992), Criseyde's Dream (2008), Quartet for Piano and Percussion (2016), The River of Memory for trombone & electronics (2016). References

External links
Alice Shields official site
Alice Shields page from American Music Center site
Video Archive
"Women in Sound Art: Seven Musical Micro-Portraits"
"Women Composers and Music Technology in the United States: Crossing the Line " by Elizabeth Hinkle-Turner
"The Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center"
"Women and music technology: pioneers, precedents and issues in the United States"

1943 births
20th-century classical composers
21st-century American composers
21st-century classical composers
American classical composers
American women classical composers
American electronic musicians
American opera composers
Columbia University School of the Arts alumni
Living people
Women in classical music
American women in electronic music
Women opera composers
20th-century American women musicians
20th-century American composers
21st-century American women musicians
20th-century women composers
21st-century women


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<mask>-Florent-<mask> (24 June 1788 – 22 November 1856) was a Belgian soldier, engineer, diplomat and statesman of French origin. His family lost their fortune during the French Revolution. He served in the army of Napoleon between 1809 and 1814 in Austria, Spain and the Netherlands. In 1816 he became a naturalized citizen of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and served in the army as a surveyor. When Belgium broke away from the Netherlands in 1830 he became an officer of the new Belgian army. He served in various military commands, represented Belgium at the Court of the Hague for three years, and was Belgian Minister of War in 1846–47. Early years: 1788–1809

<mask>-Florent-<mask> was born in Maubeuge, Nord, France on 24 July 1788.His family originated in England and seems to have settled in French Hainaut late in the 17th century. His father became a lawyer in Flanders and an advisor to the king. During the French Revolution <mask> was sent to stay with his uncle, Louis-<mask>-<mask>, a captain with the forces of the Dutch Republic. His parents were thrown in prison, where his mother died, and the family fortune was lost. After the fall of Robespierre his father regained his freedom and was given various official appointments in Maastricht. <mask> studied at the Prytanée National Militaire in Paris, then the Lycée de Bruxelles. On 1 December 1807 <mask> enrolled in the École spéciale militaire in Fontainebleau.He graduated on 25 March 1809 as a second lieutenant. Napoleonic army: 1809–15

On 11 April 1809 <mask> was assigned to the 1st Foot Chasseur Regiment of the Imperial Guard, which became the 3rd Voltigeurs Regiment in 1811. In 1809 he campaigned in Austria and took part in the Battle of Wagram. In

masks:
Albert
Joseph Prisse
Albert
Joseph Prisse
Albert Prisse
Albert
César Prisse
Albert Prisse
Prisse
Prisse


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 1810 his regiment was sent to Spain, where he was promoted to lieutenant. He broke his leg in a fall from his horse on 30 December 1811, and returned to Paris in mid-March 1812 after a painful journey. The fractured leg had resulted in a limp that disabled him for military service, and he was given a pension and permission to return to Maastricht. He obtained work with the administration to supplement his pension.On 4 October 1813 he married Henriette-Françoise-Louise Rigano, from a Dutch Protestant family. After the series of military disasters in 1812–13 Napoleon ordered the return of all retired officers of the Guard. <mask> served during the siege of Maastricht as a captain of engineers under General Merle. <mask> and his father were left without jobs after the fortress of Maastricht capitulated. With some difficulty <mask> found work with the French tax authorities. Netherlands citizen: 1816–30

In February 1816 <mask> obtained leave to return to Maastricht. On 14 April 1816 he was made a naturalized citizen of the new Kingdom of the Netherlands, and in 1817 became a captain in the Netherlands army on the staff of the quartermaster-general, responsible for topographical mapping in the southern provinces of Namur and Luxembourg.In 1826 <mask> was assigned to help make a geological map, for which purpose he studied the subject and became known by the agents of the Compagnie de Luxembourg. This company was sponsored by the Société Générale de Belgique with the purpose of creating a navigable canal between the Meuse and the Moselle and exploring and exploiting metal mines in Namur and Luxembourg. <mask> retired from the army on 25 November 1827 so he could take charge of the Compagnie de Luxembourg

masks: Prisse Prisse Prisse Prisse Prisse Prisse


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 mines. In 1829 he traveled to Spain to investigate the reasons why that country was able to flood Europe with extremely cheap lead ores. Belgian service: 1830–56

When the Belgian Revolution of 1830 began in Namur the Dutch troops held the citadel while the city was held by the Belgian patriots. <mask> was given command of the civil guard in the city, and was a signatory to the agreement by which the citadel surrendered. He offered his service to the provisional government in Brussels, and on 22 October 1830 was appointed lieutenant colonel in the new Belgian army.On 14 February 1831 he was appointed a colonel on the staff of King Leopold I of Belgium. He accompanied the king in the Ten Days' Campaign of August 1831 in which the Dutch army entered Belgium and defeated the Belgian army in several encounters, but eventually withdrew in face of a French force. After the August events <mask> was appointed adjutant to the king, and soon after also became Deputy Chief of the General Staff, in which role he was active in the reorganization of the army. He also had to deal with disturbances in the western part of  Luxembourg that began in December 1832, where he was sent to restore order with four infantry battalions. He arrested 30 individuals and imprisoned them to wait trial in Namur, then returned to Brussels. However, there were renewed disturbances in April 1832. <mask> helped negotiate a treaty with Luxembourg later that year.He received some criticism for ceding too much. He assisted in foundation of the Military School. On 6 January 1834 <mask> was sent to  Province of Antwerp  as acting commander of the division guarding Antwerp and the banks of the Scheldt. He was appointed general on 12 April 1834

masks: Prisse Prisse Prisse Prisse


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 and given full command of the troops of Antwerp and the Scheldt, which he held until 1837. He then returned to the position of deputy chief of the General Staff until 22 June 1839, when he was made president of the commission to demarcate the borders between Belgium and the Netherlands, and between Belgium and Luxembourg. This work was almost complete when he was made Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of The Hague on 12 July 1842, a post he held for three years. He completed various successful negotiations during this period.On 15 May 1844 he was granted the hereditary title of Baron. On 12 July 1845 <mask> was promoted to lieutenant general. <mask> was again aide to the king until 1 March 1846, when he was made Minister of War in the cabinet headed by Count Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt, holding office for 18 months. After leaving the ministry <mask> was made military governor of the royal residence and commander of the 2nd Territorial Division from 1847–50. He was Adjutant General and head of the military house of the King of Belgium from 1850–52, and then head of the military house of the Duke of Brabant. He retired in 1854, and was appointed Minister of State by the king. He died during a winter vacation on 22 November 1856 in Rome, aged 68.Honours
Honors given to <mask> included:
 : Minister of State, by Royal Decree. : Grand Officer in the Order of Leopold. : Grand Officer in the Legion of Honour. Knight Grand Cross in the Saxe-Ernestine House Order. Knight Grand Cross in the Order of the Oak Crown. Commander in the Order of the Netherlands Lion. Knight 2nd class in the Order of the Red Eagle.Notes

Sources

1788 births
1856 deaths
Belgian generals
Belgian Ministers


texts: <mask> (December 6, 1876 – July 26, 1932) was a German-born American automobile and engine designer, manufacturer and sportsman who was internationally known as a designer of racecars and racing engines. <mask>'s engineering expertise influenced the development of the automobile, especially during the 1910s and 1920s. He is credited with introducing an eight-cylinder engine, also known as the Duesenberg Straight-8 engine, and four-wheel hydraulic brakes, a first for American cars, in addition to other mechanical innovations. <mask> was also patentholder of his designs for a four-wheel hydraulic brake, an early automatic transmission, and a cooling system, among others. <mask> and his younger brother, August "Augie" <mask>, shared the patents, filed in 1913 and renewed in 1918, for their "walking beam" four-cylinder engine and the Duesenberg Straight 8 (an eight-cylinder engine with a single, overhead camshaft). In 1913 the <mask> brothers founded the Duesenberg Motor Company, Incorporated, which was subsequently sold, and in 1920 were among the founders of the Duesenberg Automobile and Motor Company, which manufactured passenger cars in Indianapolis, Indiana, from 1921 until 1937, including the Duesenberg Model A, the brothers' first mass-produced vehicle. <mask> served as the chief engineer at both companies.From 1926 until his death in 1932, <mask> focused on designs for luxury passenger cars, which included the Duesenberg models X, S, and J, while serving as vice president of engineering and later in the 1920s as president of the company. Duesenberg died from complications following a car accident in 1932; Duesenberg passenger-car production ended five years later. In addition to designing passenger cars, <mask> and Augie <mask> were involved in auto racing for more than a decade. Although <mask> was no longer driving racecars by 1912, he remained active for another twelve years as a racecar designer and team owner. In April 1920 a Duesenberg racecar driven by Tommy Milton set a land-speed record

masks:
Frederick Samuel Duesenberg
Duesenberg
Duesenberg
Fred
Duesenberg
Duesenberg
Fred Duesenberg
Fred Duesenberg
Fred
Duesenberg
Fred


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 of  for a measured mile on the sands at Daytona Beach, Florida. In 1921 Jimmy Murphy drove a Duesenberg racer to become the first American car to win the prestigious Grand Prix at Le Mans, France. Duesenberg-made entries also participated in Indianapolis 500-mile auto races between 1912 and 1932, including winning the annual event at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in 1924, 1925, and 1927 before <mask> retired from racing in 1931.Early life and education

Friedrich "<mask>" S. Düsenberg (or <mask> "<mask>" <mask> as his name was spelled after his arrival in the United States) was born on December 6, 1876, in Lippe, Lippe-Detmold, Germany, to Konrad (Conrad) and Luise Düsenberg. <mask> and his younger brother, August "Augie" Samuel Düsenberg, were the youngest of the family's seven children (four boys and three girls). <mask>'s father died in 1881, and his older brother, Henry, immigrated to America in 1884. <mask>'s mother sold the family farm in Germany and immigrated to the United States in 1885 and joined Henry in Iowa with her other children, including <mask>, who was nearly nine years old. The eldest son, Conrad, purchased a  farm in Floyd County, Iowa, near Rockford, where the family finally settled. Duesenberg developed mechanical abilities from an early age. He attended public schools through the eighth grade and completed at least one correspondence course in mechanical drafting.He received no additional classroom training. Most of his engineering and automotive skills were acquired though apprenticeships and other hands-on work experience, including early work repairing farm machinery and windmills near the family home in Rockford, Iowa. During his early years, Duesenberg also took up bicycle racing. Sources disagree on whether <mask>'s middle name was Simon or Samuel; however, Samuel is consistently given as the middle name of his younger brother, Augie. Marriage and family
<mask> married Isle "Mickey" Denney of Runnells, Iowa, on April 27, 1913. Their son, Denny, became involved in auto

masks:
Fred Duesenberg
Fred
Frederick
Fred
Duesenberg
Fred
Fred
Fred
Fred
Fred Duesenberg
Fred


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 racing after <mask> retired from the sport in 1931. Career

Entrance into engineering industry
<mask> and his brother, August "Augie" <mask>, began building and racing bicycles in Iowa in the 1890s.They also began experimenting with gasoline-powered, internal combustion engines. The brothers designed one of their own engines around 1900, as well as building motorcycles. After working at a garage in Des Moines, Iowa, <mask> and Augie had a bicycle repair shop in Rockford, but the business went bankrupt in 1903. A short time later the brothers established another shop in Garner, Iowa, but <mask> left the business in 1903 to work for the Thomas B. Jeffery Company, a manufacturer of the Rambler bicycles and early automobiles in Kenosha, Wisconsin. <mask> returned to Iowa a year later to work as a machinist in a Des Moines auto supply company before opening a garage with Cheney Prouty and working as a sales agent for Rambler. Through his repair business in Des Moines, <mask> met Edward Mason, a local lawyer who became a financial backer of <mask>'s design for a two-cylinder car. The Mason Motor Car Company, incorporated in April 1906, began manufacturing cars four months later.<mask> worked as a superintendent and designer at the company; Augie was a patternmaker. After U.S. Senator <mask>, the future Maytag washing machine and appliance magnate, acquired a majority interest in the company, it reorganized in 1909 as the Maytag-Mason Motor Company and manufactured cars in Waterloo, Iowa. In addition to producing a two-cylinder model, the company introduced <mask>'s patented four-cylinder engine design. The simple, high-performance engine was also reliable. <mask> often demonstrated the power of his cars in public settings. For example, he drove a car up the steps of the Iowa State Capitol.He also learned from his early days as a bicycle racer that racing also helped increase product sales, so the Duesenberg brothers began entering their cars in races. Maytag and Mason proved to be inexperienced in the

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Fred
Fred
Duesenberg
Fred
Fred
Fred
Fred
Fred
Fred
Fred Maytag
Fred
Duesenberg


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 car-making business and the company gradually folded. <mask> left the company in 1910 to focus on racing and engine designs in his shop in Des Moines. The Maytag-Mason partnership was dissolved in 1912 and its auto production ended the following year. Around 1910 <mask> and Augie <mask> began work on their "walking beam" four-cylinder automobile and racing engine, which was later replaced by the Duesenberg straight-eight engine. The brothers shared the patents for both engines, which were filed in 1913 and renewed in 1918. In 1913, the Duesenbergs relocated to Saint Paul, Minnesota, where they continued to develop racing cars and automobile and marine engines.The two brothers contracted with Commodore James A. Pugh of Chicago, Illinois, to build a racing-boat engine and used the proceeds from the contract to further develop their racing business. In June 1913 the brothers also founded the Duesenberg Motor Company, Incorporated. Early auto races
The Duesenberg brothers' prior experience in racing bicycles and motorcycles, led to their participation in auto races. <mask> won his first car race at the Iowa State Fair in Mason City. In 1907 he drove his test car through a fence, suffering a broken shoulder, and by 1912 he was no longer driving racecars, although he remained active for another twelve years a racecar designer and team owner. As other automobile builders in the early twentieth century did, the Duesenbergs used the Indianapolis Motor Speedway to test and race their cars. <mask>'s entries participated in Indianapolis 500-mile auto races between 1912 and his death in 1932.The first Duesenberg appearance at the Indianapolis 500 occurred in 1912, when their Mason Motor Company-owned racecar practiced for the race, but it had a mechanical failure and did not compete. Between 1913 and 1916 the Duesenberg racing team improved its standings in the annual Indianapolis 500. The team took ninth place in the race in 1913. In 1914, Eddie Rickenbacker, a future World War I aviation ace, drove a

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Fred
Fred
Duesenberg
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Fred Duesenberg


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 Duesenberg-powered racecar to a tenth-place finish and US$1,400 in prize money. The team also had a twelfth-place finisher that year. In 1915 the team had another good showing, taking fifth and seventh places. In 1916 it had its best finish to date when rookie driver Wilbur D'Alene finished in second place.With the outbreak of World War I, efforts focused on wartime production and racing at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway went on a two-year hiatus. World War I-era engine designer
In 1917, the Duesenberg Motor Company of Saint Paul, Minnesota, and the Loew-Victor Manufacturing Company of Chicago, Illinois, merged into the Duesenberg Motor Corporation. <mask> served as the company's chief engineer, with his brother, Augie, as assistant engineer. The Loew-Victor Company also made an agreement to have the Duesenbergs produce automobile and airplane engines for military use for the American, British, Italian, and Russian governments during World War I. The Duesenberg brothers moved to New York City in 1917 to supervise operations at a new manufacturing site in Elizabeth, New Jersey, that was constructed especially for building aviation and marine engines. The Duesenberg brothers' experience working with Ettore Bugatti's airplane engines led to changes in their own engineering ideas. The Bugatti engine served as a catalyst for refinements to the design of the Duesenberg Straight-8 engine, an eight-cylinder engine with a single, overhead camshaft.The Duesenberg brothers left Elizabeth, New Jersey, at the end of the war to concentrate on the development of racecars from a rented space in Newark, New Jersey. In 1919, after the Duesenberg Motor Corporation was sold to John Willys, the Duesenberg brothers finished their work at the company's Minnesota and New Jersey factories and then concentrated on their racing business. In 1920 the Duesenberg brothers moved to Indianapolis, Indiana, where the newly formed Duesenberg Automobile and Motors Company planned to manufacture passenger cars. 1920s luxury-car


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 designer

While continuing to develop racing engines, the Duesenberg brothers and their financial backers, Newton E. Van Zandt and Luther M. Rankin, established the Duesenberg Automobile & Motors Company in March 1920 with its headquarters in Indianapolis. <mask> was the chief engineer and later in the 1920s served as president of the company; his brother, Augie, was an assistant engineer. Beginning in May 1921 the Duesenberg company manufactured passenger cars with advanced racing-car features at its new factory in Indianapolis at the corner of Washington and Harding Streets. The facility was also close to the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, which was used as a test track.The first passenger car to bear the Duesenberg family surname was introduced in New York in late 1920. The new car featured an "inline eight-cylinder overhead cam engine and four-wheel hydraulic brakes," a first for American cars. The Duesenberg Model A, their company's first mass-produced vehicle, was manufactured between 1921 and 1927. The Model A proved to be unpopular with car buyers because of its high cost (US$8,500 for the chassis alone) and unstylish exterior. As a result, the company struggled financially. A minor shareholder unsuccessfully attempted to put the company into receivership in 1923 and slow sales led the company into receivership in 1924, but it emerged in 1925. A year later the company's leadership was discussing a merger with Du Pont Motors, once again indicating possible financial concerns.E. L. Cord, president of the Auburn Automobile Company, admired the Duesenberg Model A and proposed a financial rescue to acquire the Duesenberg company. Cord wanted to manufacture a faster and more prestigious "supercar" to round out the offerings of his other automotive brands, the Auburn and Cord. E. L. Cord's acquisition of the Duesenberg company in 1926 also included <mask>, who was tasked with designing faster and more powerful luxury cars than the Duesenberg competitors. From 1926 until his death in 1932, <mask>

masks: Fred Fred Fred


texts: focused on designs for passenger cars, which included the X, S, and J models, and served as vice president of engineering at Duesenberg, a subsidiary of the Cord Corporation. While <mask> concentrated on passenger-car designs for E. L. Cord, his brother, Augie, ran the Duesenberg Brothers racing business. In October 1926, E. L. Cord told the Indianapolis Star, "The purchase of the Duesenberg factory is the culmination of my plans to be able to offer the world an automobile of undisputed rank. In fact, the finest thing on four wheels.Duesenberg cars will be strictly custom-built, the owners selecting their own body styles, their own body makers and selecting their own colors. The price probably will be $18,000, no matter what model, from racer to limousine. We will give the buyer 120 mile-an-hour [190 km/h] speed if desired. Naturally, the production of this type of automobile, which carries a warranty of fifteen years, will be limited and we are now taking orders...." Early in 1927 the test board of the American Automobile Association presented to <mask> with a bronze tablet in recognition of the leading part he had played in the development of several fundamental improvements in automotive engineering. The Duesenberg Model J, announced in late 1928, was the new luxury car that E. L. Cord wanted. Production began in the spring of 1929. Cord insisted that the Model J be bigger (and heavier) than <mask> would have liked, but Duesenberg engineered the car's design.With prices for a completed car beginning at US$13,500, and later increased to US$18,000 or more, buyers received a luxury car with a 32-valve, dual overhead camshaft engine that was capable of generating 265 horsepower and could reach a maximum speed of . In June 1931, during a Society of Automotive Engineers meeting in West Virginia, Duesenberg "predicted that speeds of  on the highways would soon be common." As of May 2019, speed limits for passenger cars on U.S. interstate highways remain under , ranging from  to , depending on the

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Fred
Fred Duesenberg
Fred


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 individual state and road segment. Later auto racing

Although the Duesenberg team had mechanical and fuel issues in the Indianapolis 500-mile race in 1919 and its entries did not finish that year, the team continued to race with better success in the 1920s. Several Duesenberg-designed racers also set speed records before <mask> officially retired from auto racing after the Indianapolis 500-mile race in 1931. In April 1920 a Duesenberg racecar driven by Tommy Milton set a land-speed record of  for a measured mile on the sands at Daytona Beach, Florida. In August 1920 <mask> and Augie Duesenberg formed Duesenberg Brothers, a separate company for their auto-racing business.In 1921, Jimmy Murphy drove a Duesenberg racecar to become the first American car to win the prestigious Grand Prix at Le Mans, France. <mask> also designed the Duesenberg engines for race cars that won the three Indianapolis 500-mile races: the 1924 race with driver Lora L. Corum and relief driver Joe Boyer; the 1925 race with driver Pete DePaolo and relief driver Norman Batten; and the 1927 race with George Sanders in a Duesenberg-built car owned by Bill White. In 1925 a Duesenberg racecar with Pete DePaolo as driver became the first Indianapolis 500-mile winner to average more than . In 1926 the DePaulo finished in fifth place in the rain-shortened race, while the other Duesenberg team car driven by rookie driver Ben Jones experienced mechanical problems and crashed before the end of the race. The Duesenberg team continued to place in the top ten in the 1928 and 1929 Indianapolis 500-mile races. In the 1928 race <mask> drove a Duesenberg racer to an eighth-place finish, while Jimmy Gleason drove a Duesenberg team car to a fifteenth-place finish. In the 1929 race the team's results improved with Gleason taking third and <mask> finishing fifth.In 1930 <mask> cosponsored a racecar with DePaolo, one of two DePaolo-owned cars in the race. The Duesenberg racecar driven by DePaolo was involved in an accident and completed only twenty

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Fred
Fred
Fred Duesenberg
Fred Frame
Freddy Winnai
Fred Duesenberg


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 laps, finishing thirty-third in a field of thirty-eight drivers. The other racecar, driven by Bill Cummings, finished fifth. In 1931, the year that <mask> retired from auto racing, thirteen cars in the Indianapolis 500-mile race were based on the Duesenberg Model A. Death and legacy
On July 2, 1932, while returning to Indianapolis from New York, <mask> was driving a Duesenberg passenger car with a prototype, high-powered engine and lost control of it on a wet Lincoln Highway on Ligonier Mountain, about two miles west of Jennerstown, Pennsylvania. <mask>'s automobile overturned, throwing him from the car. He was expected to fully recover from his injuries (a spinal injury and dislocation of the shoulder).While his wife and son traveled to Pennsylvania to be with him, Duesenberg developed pleural pneumonia. Duesenberg improved after oxygen was administered; however, he suffered a relapse and died on July 26, 1932, at the age of fifty-five. <mask> is buried at Crown Hill Cemetery in Indianapolis, Indiana. Sales of Duesenberg automobiles declined during the Great Depression due to dwindling numbers of buyers for luxury cars. The last Model J car was produced in 1937, five years after <mask>'s death. Only 481 of the cars had been built by the time the Duesenberg company ceased production. <mask>'s brother and business partner, Augie <mask>, continued in the automobile business as a consultant to the Auburn Automobile Company and developing racecars with Ab Jenkins.Augie <mask> died on January 18, 1955, at the age of seventy-six. Although <mask> was a self-made man who lacked formal technical training, his engineering expertise influenced the development of the automobile. He is credited with introducing the eight-cylinder car in the United States and four-wheel brakes, in addition to other mechanical innovations that included overhead camshafts and four valves per cylinder. He was also patentholder of his designs for a four-wheel hydraulic brake, an early automatic transmission, and a cooling system,

masks:
Fred Duesenberg
Fred
Duesenberg
Duesenberg
Fred Duesenberg
Fred
Duesenberg
Duesenberg
Fred Duesenberg


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 among others. The Auburn Cord Duesenberg Automobile Museum, which opened in 1974 in the former headquarters building of the Auburn Automobile Company in Auburn, Indiana, includes examples of Duesenberg-designed cars. In addition designing passenger cars, <mask> was internationally known as a designer of racecars and racing engines. Many of his mechanical advancements in racing were later incorporated in mass-produced passenger cars.Although his innovations were found in Indianapolis-manufactured cars, including Stutz and Duesenberg models, they did not appear on autos made in Detroit until nearly seventy years later. Memberships
 Member, National Automobile Chamber of Commerce
 Member, Society of Automotive Engineers, and served on several of its committees. Indianapolis Athletic Club
Indianapolis Optimist Club

Awards
Recipient of a bronze plaque from American Automobile Association's test board in 1927 for his contributions to automotive engineering. Inducted into the Auto Racing Hall of Fame (later renamed Indianapolis Motor Speedway Hall of Fame Museum) in 1962. Inducted into the National Sprint Car Hall of Fame in its inaugural class in 1990. Inducted into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 1997. See also
 Auburn Automobile
 Auburn Cord Duesenberg Automobile Museum
 Cord Automobile
 Duesenberg
 Duesenberg Model A
 Duesenberg Model J
 Duesenberg Straight-8 engine

Notes

References

Marsh, Elisabeth, "<mask> S. Duesenberg" in

External links
Duesenberg History and Photos
<mask><mask> at Find A Grave

1876 births
1932 deaths
American founders of automobile manufacturers
American automotive pioneers
Burials at Crown Hill Cemetery
Deaths from pneumonia in Pennsylvania
Duesenberg
German emigrants to the United States
National Sprint Car Hall of Fame inductees
People from Floyd County, Iowa
People from Lippe
People from Indianapolis
People from Saint Paul, Minnesota
Road incident deaths in Pennsylvania
Inventors killed by their own invention
Automotive businesspeople
American automotive

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Duesenberg
Frederick
Frederick S
. Duesenberg


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<mask> (born September 4, 1984) is an American politician serving as mayor of Berkeley, California. He served on the Berkeley Housing Commission and Rent Stabilization Board from 2004 to 2009 and represented District 4 on the Berkeley City Council from 2009 to 2016. He is the first Latino elected Berkeley's mayor and one of the youngest mayors in the San Francisco Bay Area. Mayor Arreguin is the President of the Association of Bay Area Governments, the Bay Area's regional planning agency. <mask> has described himself as an "unapologetic progressive" and said he wants to "restore Berkeley to the forefront of progressive leadership on the environment and social justice." Early life
<mask> was born in Fresno, California, and grew up in San Francisco, California. His parents and grandparents were farmworkers.At age 9 Arreguín became involved in the campaign to change the name of Army Street to Cesar Chavez Street in the historically Latino Mission District of San Francisco. Arreguín continued to be involved through efforts against reversing the name change in 1995, described as having "campaigned tirelessly to keep one of the Mission's main thoroughfares named after his idol, Cesar Chavez." Arreguín was the first in his family to attend college, and attended the University of California Berkeley. While at UC Berkeley he served as the City Affairs Director for the Associated Students of the University of California and was elected to the Berkeley Rent Stabilization board in 2004, serving as chair until 2008. Arreguín has also served on the Housing Advisory Commission, Zoning Adjustments Board, and Downtown Area Plan Advisory Committee. Berkeley City Councilmember
From 2008 to 2016 Arreguín served two terms as a Berkeley City Council member representing City Council District 4. On the council Arreguín drafted and passed over 300 pieces of legislation.He helped increase the city's minimum wage to $15, co-wrote the Downtown Area Plan, passed the Affordable Housing Mitigation Fee used to build affordable housing, created police reform after Black Lives Matter demonstrations, and worked to save

masks:
Jesse Arreguín
Arreguín
Arreguín


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 the historic Main Post Office. Mayor of Berkeley
Arreguín announced his candidacy for mayor of Berkeley in October 2015. He faced seven candidates for the open seat, and was endorsed by U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont, the Sierra Club, and the Alameda Democratic Party. Arreguín won 51% of the vote after ranked-choice tabulation. At age 32 he became the second-youngest mayor in Berkeley's history. Prior to his swearing-in, Arreguín vowed as mayor-elect alongside City Council members that "Berkeley would remain a sanctuary city and continue to shield its undocumented residents from deportation."Arreguín was sworn in on December 1, 2016, and in his inaugural address said that "in light of the national election, Berkeley, now more than ever, needs to lead." In January 2017, following the release of Donald Trump's executive orders calling for the construction of a border wall, and enforcement of immigration law including the withholding of federal funds from sanctuary cities, Arreguín released a statement along with other progressive mayors in the region opposing the "hateful and harmful policies." When a talk by controversial "alt-right" commentator Milo Yiannopoulos was announced on the University of California, Berkeley campus in February 2017, Arreguín said, "Bigotry is unacceptable. Hate speech isn't welcome in our community." After violent protests caused UC Berkeley to cancel the talk, Arreguin said, "we as a city do not make a decision about inviting a speaker. We do not make a decision to cancel a speaker. This was a decision of the university."In response to the same incident, Arreguín referred to Yiannopoulos as a "white nationalist," but later retracted this characterization, and instead described him as an "alt-rightist." Arreguín reportedly began receiving death threats from Yiannopoulos supporters across the country after his statements were covered by right-wing news website Breitbart News, Yiannopoulos's employer at the time. With Arreguín's backing, the Berkeley City Council voted in March 2017 to divest from companies involved in constructing the proposed border


texts: wall with Mexico, becoming one of the first cities in the country to do so. The council also passed a resolution calling for the impeachment of Donald Trump, co-sponsored by Arreguín, who said, "Every day there’s a new ethical problem that warrants impeachment." Arreguín reportedly again became a target of death threats when conservative commentator Ann Coulter planned to speak on the UC Berkeley campus and canceled her appearance over safety concerns in April 2017. During protests over Coulter’s appearance, Arreguín was denounced for supporting the far-left group BAMN (By Any Means Necessary), which has incited violent protests, after it became known that he had "liked" their Facebook page. In response, Arreguín said that "following or liking pages does not mean you support what that group is doing," adding, "I am not a member of BAMN, and I do not support the views and the violent actions of that group."He later unfollowed the group. In May 2017 Arreguín co-sponsored the successful resolution to divest the City of Berkeley from Wells Fargo Bank in response to allegations that the bank opened fraudulent deposit accounts, the bank's financing of private prisons and the Dakota Access Pipeline. After Trump's withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Agreement in June 2017, Arreguín pledged along with 350 other mayors "to uphold the Paris Agreement goals even though President Donald Trump pulled the U.S. out of the international agreement to combat climate change." Following the Charlottesville Unite the Right rally, attention was brought to a far-right rally planned for August 27, 2017, in Berkeley. Ahead of the event, Arreguín stated that his office was "currently exploring all options, including whether we have the legal means to stop this rally from taking place." At a press conference with local leaders including Rep. Barbara Lee and State Sen. Nancy Skinner, Arreguín called for opponents of the rally to hold counter-demonstrations in different locations to avoid violence between groups. <mask> won 63% of the vote in the 2020 mayoral election, facing three other


texts:
 candidates.California housing crisis
Prior to 2020, Arreguin held NIMBY views on housing in Berkeley, but has since adopted YIMBY views, as he has been a vocal proponent of denser housing and more residential development. He helped push through legislation to eliminate single-family zoning requirements. Arreguin used to oppose California legislation that would require cities to allow denser and taller housing near public transport centrals and ease the parking requirements cities can impose on housing developments; the legislation is intended to alleviate the housing shortage in California and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Arreguin described the bill at the time as a "a declaration of war against our neighborhoods", saying it would remove some of cities' zoning rights and lead to unwanted density in Berkeley. In 2017 Arreguin was at the center of an effort to illegally reject housing planned for development in South Berkeley. The project, proposed by Baran Studio Architecture and owner CS Construction, was for three single-family homes and conformed to all local zoning requirements. The mayor and city council violated California state law with the vote, and the city was subsequently sued on multiple occasions.The project was eventually approved and built. The story was also the subject of a lengthy New York Times piece on the housing affordability crisis. Other roles
Arreguín is the President of the Association of Bay Area Governments, the Bay Area's regional planning agency and Council of Governments. He is the East Bay Alternate to the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission and serves as Vice Chair the Bay Area Regional Collaborative. He also chairs the Council's Agenda and Rules Committee, and serves on the Council's Budget and Finance Committee and 4x4 Joint Committee on Housing. References

California Democrats
Hispanic and Latino American mayors in California
Hispanic and Latino American politicians
Mayors of Berkeley, California
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Mexican-American people in


texts:
<mask> (; 21 November 1925 – 2 November 2014) was a Serbian general of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA). He was the Minister of Defence in the Yugoslav government from 1988 until his resignation in 1992, which made him de facto commander-in-chief of the JNA during the Ten-Day War in Slovenia and the initial stages of the Croatian War of Independence. Early life and education
<mask> was born on 21 November 1925 in the village of Glavina Donja, near Imotski, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. His father <mask> was a Serb and his mother Janja Patrlj was an ethnic Croat. Kadijević self-declared as a "pro-Yugoslav Serb". He joined the Yugoslav Partisans in 1941, following the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia during World War II. In 1943, he joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ).He was given the task of performing important duties almost immediately. He remained an active soldier after the war and graduated from the Military Academy in Belgrade and the CGSC in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Career
Kadijević became the fifth Minister of Defence of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on 15 May 1988. Following the collapse of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, he was one of the founders of the party called League of Communists – Movement for Yugoslavia. In May 1991 he stated that if federal and republic officials "failed to ensure peace, the Yugoslav armed forces could efficiently do so themselves." After resigning from his post at federal secretary of people's defence on 6 January 1992, Kadijević retired to live in Serbia. The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) tried to contact him in the

masks:
Veljko Kadijević
Veljko Kadijević
Dušan Kadijević


texts:
 spring of 2001.He was to be called as witness, he however fled to Moscow the next day. He applied for refugee status in 2005 and received Russian citizenship on 13 August 2008 by decree of president Dmitry Medvedev. Croatian indictment
The first indictment for Kadijević was issued in November 1992 in Bjelovar, the second one in 2002 in Vukovar and the third one in May 2006 by Osijek-Baranja County's attorney general. On 21 March 2007, the Croatian Ministry of the Interior issued an arrest warrant for Kadijević for "war crimes against the civilian population". Interpol issued an arrest warrant on 23 March. After Kadijević received Russian citizenship the Croatian Government sent a request to Russia for his extradition. According to Marko Attila Hoare, a former employee at the ICTY, an investigative team worked on indictments of senior members of the "joint criminal enterprise", including Milošević, <mask>, Blagoje Adžić, Borisav Jović, Branko Kostić, Momir Bulatović, among others.However, upon Carla del Ponte's intervention, these drafts were rejected, and the indictment limited to Milošević. November 2007 public appearance
Public interest in Kadijević and his whereabouts intensified again in 2007. It was speculated at the time that he was living in Florida, United States, which proved to be false. In March 2007, the Croatian press reported seemingly contradictory information: that Kadijević was working as a special counsel to the U.S. Army in search for bunkers in Iraq in Moscow as a guest of Dmitry Yazov. On 26 March 2007, the Croatian news portal published an interview with Kadijević in which he confirmed that he is a


texts: military adviser to the Coalition in Iraq, but stated that it "doesn't mean that he is permanently located there", without further comment or explanation. In early October 2007 Kadijević surfaced in Moscow where he attended the presentation of his latest book Kontraudar: Moj pogled na raspad Jugoslavije. After that, the 81-year-old Kadijević gave interviews to both Serbian and Croatian media.On 9 November 2007 he was interviewed by journalist Olivera Jovićević from Serbian public broadcaster RTS and the interview aired 13 November 2007 in prime time as a special edition of her Upitnik programme. The very next day, 14 November, Croatian Radiotelevision's journalist Josip Sarić conducted an interview with Kadijević. In those interviews Kadijević stated that he had lived in Russia since 2000 as a refugee. He said he found out about the Vukovar massacre only after retiring because the head of intelligence, General Aleksandar Vasiljević, did not inform him of this event. Kadijević claimed neither he nor the JNA committed any war crimes in the former Yugoslavia as it was the only legal armed force at the time. He stated that he and the JNA tried to prevent illegal armaments and to defend Yugoslavia from emerging separatist paramilitaries and dismissed the ICTY as a political institution, whose legitimacy he did not recognize. He added that neither he nor the JNA ever considered orchestrating a military coup to solve the Yugoslav crisis.This contrasted with comments by Yugoslavia's president Borisav Jović who claimed Kadijević and the army suggested a coup as a way out of the crisis but then changed their minds four days later.


texts:
 Kadijević's response to this was that "Jović is lying". Kadijević proceeded to mention a March 1991 meeting in Jović's office two days after the 9 March 1991 protests organized by Vuk Drašković on the streets of Belgrade to which Kadijević had been invited by Slobodan Milošević where, according to Kadijević, Milošević requested that the army take control of the country through a military coup. Kadijević's apparent response was informing Milošević that he could not make such a decision by himself, and that he would discuss the request with army leaders and later inform Jović's office about their decision. Kadijević said their decision was against the putsch and he informed Jović's office in writing. Jović for his part, claims such a document does not exist. References

External links
 Interview by RTS in Moscow 2007: Part 1/5, 2/5, 3/5, 4/5, 5/5

1925 births
2014 deaths
People from Imotski
Fugitives wanted on war crimes charges
Fugitives wanted by Croatia
Military personnel of the Croatian War of Independence
Yugoslav communists
Yugoslav generals
Yugoslav Partisans members
Serbian people of Croatian descent
Non-U.S. alumni of the Command and General Staff College
Generals of the Yugoslav People's Army
Naturalised citizens of


texts: T.J<mask> is a senior lecturer in the School of Communication at the Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, Australia, and a chief investigator at its Digital Media Research Centre. He teaches and researches on visual communication topics, especially photography, image culture, visual journalism, and self-representation on social media. He has been an officer in several national and international societies and has served as the associate editor of Visual Communication Quarterly since 2017. <mask> has critiqued the field of visual studies as being inundated with framing approaches and has both spearheaded and led the call for additional research and approaches that examine production influences on visual content that extend beyond such considerations. His work explores the human side of media production, such as the emotional toll of documenting trauma, as well as how freelancers learn and develop with lessened or absent institutional support. In 2019, the Australian and New Zealand Communication Association and Journalism Education and Research Association of Australia jointly announced that <mask> was the recipient of the Anne Dunn Scholar of the Year Award, an international honor that recognizes excellence in the fields of journalism and communication. His 2019 book, To See and Be Seen: The Environments, Interactions and Identities Behind News Images, won the National Communication Association's 2020 Diane S Hope Book of the Year award.NCA reviewers called the book 'a signature achievement in understanding the process of media production and the ethics of photojournalism'. Education

masks:
. Thomson
Thomson
Thomson


texts:
<mask> obtained a BA in communication from Chadron State College and a graduate certificate, MA, and PhD from the University of Missouri School of Journalism. Professional experience
Before entering academia, <mask> worked as a freelance visual journalist and designer for a number of news outlets and organizations, including The Associated Press, The Washington Post, The Huffington Post, and the Omaha World-Herald. Corporate clients included QuickFire Networks, which was acquired by Facebook in 2015; Colorado Academy; and HotelTonight, among others. Media appearances and research impact
One of Thomson's recent research studies on visual social media reached more than 40.6 million people and appeared in more than 94 news outlets, according to data provided by Cision. The study's findings were highlighted in IANS LIVE, India's largest independent newswire service, Xinhua News Agency, China's biggest and most influential media organization, The New Indian Express, Science Daily, and Futurity, among others. He was interviewed in 2018 for a Business Insider article about the societal impact of social media use and was invited to write an article for Crux in 2017 commenting on visual coverage of the Pope's overseas travels.His visual research has also been included on the reading lists for the University of Liverpool's "Research methods in communication and media" course, Loughborough University's 16SSC357: Producing The News course, The University of Stirling's JOU9JR - Journalism Research & Analysis course, the University of Missouri's J8006: Advanced Qualitative Research Methods, and The University

masks: Thomson Thomson


texts:
 of Pennsylvania's COMM 246: Race and Gender in U.S. Mass Media course. Bibliography
<mask>, T. J. (2021). Exploring the life cycle of smartphone images from camera rolls to social media platforms. Visual Communication Quarterly. <mask>, T. J., Angus, D., Dootson, P., Hurcombe, E., & Smith, A. (2020).Visual mis/disinformation in journalism and public communications: Current verification practices, challenges, and future opportunities. Journalism Practice. <mask>, T. J. (2020). Pride in America's Heartland. Visual Communication Quarterly. 27(1), 40–46.Thomson, T. J. & Greenwood, K. (2020). Profile Pictures Across Platforms: How Identity Visually Manifests Itself among Social Media Accounts. In Handbook of Visual Communication: Theory, Methods, and Media by Josephson, S., Kelly, J., and Smith, K. (eds). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. <mask>, T. J. (2019).To See and Be Seen: The Environments, Interactions and Identities Behind News Images. London: Rowman & Littlefield. <mask>, T. J. (2019). In front of the lens: The expectations, experiences, and reactions of visual journalism's subjects. Journalism & Communication Monographs. 21(1), 4-65.Thomson, T. J. & Greenwood, K. (2019). Framing the Migration: A study of news photographs showing people fleeing war and persecution. International Communication Gazette. <mask>, T. J. (2019). The evolution of story: How time and modality affect visual and verbal narratives.Visual Communication Quarterly, 25(4). <mask>, T. J. (2018). Mapping the emotional labor and work of visual journalism. Journalism, 1-18. <mask>, T. J. (2018).From the Closet to the Beach: A

masks: Thomson Thomson Thomson Thomson Thomson Thomson Thomson Thomson


texts:
 Photographer's View of Gay Life on Fire Island From 1975 to 1983. Visual Communication Quarterly, 25(1), 223–233. <mask>, T. J., & Greenwood, K. (2017). I “Like” That: Exploring the Characteristics That Promote Social Media Engagement With News Photographs. Visual Communication Quarterly, 24(4), 203–218. <mask>, T. J., Perreault, G., & Duffy, M. (2017). Politicians, Photographers, and a Pope: How state-controlled and independent media covered Francis's 2015 Cuba visit.Journalism Studies, 1-18. <mask>, T. J. (2016). Black, white, and a whole lot of gray: How white photojournalists covered race during the 2015 protests at Mizzou. Visual Communication Quarterly, 23(4), 223–233. <mask>, T. J. (2018).Freelance Photojournalists and Photo Editors: Learning and adapting in a (mostly faceless) virtual world. Journalism Studies, 19(6), 803–823. <mask>, T. J., & Greenwood, K. (2017). Beyond Framing: Influences of subject–photographer interactions on visual journalism. Journalism Practice, 11(5), 625–644. References

Living people
American academics
Queensland University of Technology faculty
Journalism academics
Australian mass media scholars
Mass media scholars
Photography academics
Year of birth missing (living

masks: Thomson Thomson Thomson Thomson Thomson


texts:
<mask> (born 1955 in Hunedoara, Romania) is a Romanian political theorist and feminist philosopher and the most prominent activist for women's rights and a very well known activist for Roma rights, more generally, for minorities rights. She is currently Professor of Political science at the Faculty of Political Science, National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, Bucharest. She was and is involved in numerous institutional, civic and political contributions for setting and development of political science and democratization in Romania. She introduced the first Ph. D. program in Political Science in Romania in 2000 first courses in Gender Studies in 1994 and the first Masters in Gender Studies in 1998. Early life and career

<mask> was born in Hunedoara, Romania. She studied Philosophy at the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Bucharest, earning a BA in 1978 and a PhD in 1978.She is married to <mask>, Professor of Political Science at NSPSPA. At the beginning of her career, Miroiu taught Philosophy in various high schools in Bucharest. In 1994 she became a lecturer at the Faculty of Political Science - S.N.S.P.A, Bucharest and Associate Professor at the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Bucharest, teaching Feminist Philosophy. She was dean of the Faculty of Political Science, 1997–2001. She initiated feminist studies (1994) and gender studies (1998). In 2001 she introduced and coordinated the first Romanian collection of Gender Studies at Polirom Publishing House. She initiated two non-governmental organizations: ANA Society for

masks:
Mihaela Miroiu
Mihaela Miroiu
Adrian Miroiu


texts: Feminist Analyses in 1995 and Curriculum Development Center and Gender Studies - FILIA in 2000.Miroiu has won several research grants at major universities such as Cornell University, USA in 1994, at Central European University, Budapest, Hungary in 1994, 1995, 1996; Warwick University in 1997, at New Europe College, Bucharest between 1998 and 1999, St. Hilda's College, Oxford University, Great Britain 2002; and between 2003 and 2004 a Fulbright research grant at the Department of Political Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA. She coordinated research grants on gender issues in partnership with European and American institutions: the Institute for Advanced Studies, Vienna, UNESCO, New Europe College, SNSPA, Babes-Bolyai University, Konrad Adenauer Foundation, ERSTE Foundation, FRAGEN  IIAV, International Information Centre and Archives for the Women's Movement, Indiana University, Bloomington. She has lectured as a visiting professor at Cornell University, New School for Social Research, Central European University, Budapest, Manchester University, Warwick University, Indiana University,  OSF Moldova, University of Santander, University of Vienna, University of Stockholm, University of Goteborg. She received numerous awards, including Women Inspiring Europe, European Institute for Gender Equality, 2010, Brussels; Outstanding Achievements Award, Association for Women in Slavic Studies Eurasian and East-European Studies (AWSS), 2010; Excellence in Teaching offered by the National Alliance of Student Organizations in Romania, 2007; award for


texts:
 Promoting Equality of Opportunities in Romania, National Council for Preventing and Combating Discrimination, Bucharest, 2005; for promoting women's rights, Woman of the Year, 2005, Avantaje Magazine. She is also an Honorary Citizen of Hunedoara, Hunedoara County, since 2017. Civic and political contributions

As a women's rights activist and public intellectual, Miroiu is the author of numerous papers and policies proposals for democratization and the rule of law, as well against discrimination, equal opportunities, and minorities' rights. She has played an important role as adviser and trainer for the democratic political parties concerning political ethics, ideologies and gender policies.She played an important role as lobbyist for The law of parental leave (1998), The law against discrimination (2000), The law for fighting violence against women, for the introduction of the principle of equal opportunities in the Romanian Constitution (2003), for setting up of the Romanian National Agency for Equal Opportunities and promoted the ratification of the Istanbul Convention in Romania. Miroiu is still lobbing at present for Gender parity in local, national, and European elections, Equal pay for equal work, Equity among salaries between masculinized and feminized domains, Rural women's access to water and heating facilities. She has been involved, as a public intellectual in writing numerous articles and public policy papers for democratization and the rule of law, as well against discrimination and equal opportunities in Romanian cultural and political


texts:
 journals as Dilema veche, Revista 22, Observatorul Cultural, Adevărul, Gândul, Avantaje. She was involved in the critical analysis of Romanian politics and policies in cultural and political debate programs on television, such as TVR, Pro TV, Realitatea TV, Antena 1. In the last decade she is best known as advocate and influencer in favor of the same causes on the social network Facebook; she is the most influential public female intellectual fighting for the observance of women's and minorities dignity and rights. Since the very beginning of the process of democratization <mask> was an active participant and influencer in protests for decomunization, democratization, the rule of law. Since 2000 she is directly involved in protests for gender justice, for fighting violence against women, for miniorites's rights, for environmental causes.Contributions to democratic culture, political theory, gender studies, ethics and education

By writing in 1995 The Thought of the Shadow, she became the first Romanian feminist philosopher, criticizing the philosophic postmodernism from a feminist perspective. In this book, Miroiu analyzes the alliance and mésalliance between feminism and philosophy, including Romanian philosophy, arguing in favor of philosophical reassessment of the feminine and the womanly, in the context of a culture still dominated by dichotomies and the idea that women are rather treated as "shadows of philosophical thought". In 1996 she wrote Convenio. On Nature, Women and Morals, a book from the perspective of Feminist Ethics and developed her own


texts: theoretical perspective in Ethics through the theory of the convenient. This philosophical perspective on morality is seen as "the particular approach in the context of feminist ethics, but by the type of arguments, tackles many other theoretical perspectives on morality: Kantianism, utilitarianism, ethics of rights, Rawls's theory of justice and its critics, as well as ethics of care. In 1997 she published with Vladimir Pasti and Cornel Codiță the book Romania. Matter of Facts – a diagnosis of the evolution of the Romanian society (which she characterizes as a "survival society" with a "show-room democracy".In 1999 she publishes The Backward-Looking Society, a book in which she analysis the ideological and political tendencies of the post-communist society, as a "cocktail of conservatisms", a dominant combination between left-conservatism, represented by the socialists, well supported by the majority of the electorate in terms of deindustrialization, loss of status and employment; and right-conservatism, represented by National Liberal Party and National Peasant Party, also dominant in the mainstream of public intellectuals. In 2000 she initiates the theorization and analysis of leftist conservatism internationally, in the context of the XVIII-lea International Congress of Political Science Association (IPSA), in Quebec with the paper "Poverty, Authority and Leftist Conservatism". In 2004, she published The Road to Autonomy. Feminist Political Theories,  the first book of feminist political theories by a Romanian author. In this context, Miroiu analyzes


texts: the evolution and trends of feminist theories and political movements, including Romania in the general research context. She coordinated with Laura Grunberg books on gender studies such as Gender and Education and Gender and Society (1997). In 2002, with Otilia Dragomir she edited the book Feminist Lexicon, a dictionary that has the role to initiate in the study of Romanian feminist authors, publications and women's movements.In 2003 she wrote the first guide of policies that promote gender equity in higher education in Eastern Europe- Guidelines for Promoting Gender Equity in Higher Education in Central and Eastern Europe. She contributed to the affiliation of Gender studies at ATHENA European Network for Gender Studies in 2002. She has also implemented gender policies projects for the Romanian Ministry of Education. She coordinated the Gender Barometer, with Renate Weber (2000), the first national research in regard to the perceptions, relations and roles on gender in the Romanian society. She edited with Maria Bucur the book Patriarchy and Emancipation in the Romanian Political Thought (2002), Birth. Living Histories with Otilia Dragomir (2010) and the book Feminist and environmentalist movements in Romania (2015). Miroiu introduced the classes of Political Ethics in 1997 and wrote in collaboration with Gabriela Blebea, the first book on Professional Ethics in 2001.Significant for her constant interest for an ethical perspective in Political Theories and Gender Policies is that she used a grid of Political Ethics in the design of the analysis in the


texts: book Contemporary Political Ideologies (2012). She was also interested in the analysis of how political actors used conflicts derived from strategies of lustration in Romania. She has also coordinated a first national research about Ethics inside Romanian universities and the draft code of ethics adopted by the Ministry of Education in 2005. She has taught a course on Applied Ethics at the Psychology Masters at Babeș-Bolyai, between 2000 and 2011. She currently teaches Ethics in International Relations at SNSPA. Regarding educational politics, Miroiu has contributed to the reform of the Philosophy curricula in high school, after the fall of communism. She coordinated the first Philosophy handbook  in 1993, which was published for 7 years afterwards.She coordinated the first handbook of Civic Culture for high school – Civic Culture, Democracy, Human Rights, Tolerance  in 1995. Other important publications are the ones analyzing educational policies, such as the book The Romanian Education Today, (co-author with Gabriel Ivan, Vladimir Pasti, Adrian Miroiu) and the analysis of gender policies in education, through international grants – The Gender Dimension of Education in Romania, Institute for Advanced Studies, Viena (2001) and Case Study on Gender-sensitive Educational policy and Practice, SNSPA (2003) and the book Guidelines for Promoting Gender Equity in Higher Education in Central and Eastern Europe (2003). <mask> Mioriu drew on literary writing ever since she was in high school. She continued to write literature, first for her friends – Stories about


texts:
 Cadmav – in the 1980s, but she published the short stories and the novel only after 1990. In 2005, with Mircea Miclea she published the autobiographical book The R'East and the West and " With my own woman mind " (2017). Critics

A series of critics arose from other feminists, many of them East European, and they refer to the fact that she rejects the idea of compatibility between feminism and communism, as long as women could not freely associate, express their own interests and change the cultural, civic and political agenda. The most significant dispute in regard to these arguments was in Aspasia International Yearbook of Central, Eastern and Southeastern European Women's and Gender History, Volume I, New York, 2007, in the context put to debate by Miroiu "Communism was a State Patriarchy, not a State Feminism".A series of authors criticize her perspective like Krassimira Daskalova, Elena Gapova, Angelika Passara, while others review their own perspectives assumed in the 70s in regard to the relation between feminism and Marxism. Critics related to <mask>'s approach to liberal feminism (in the relation with ethical welfare type of feminism), respectively with the risks of an approach less close with the role of the welfare state and the policies of protecting women are also brought by Anca Gheauș. This inclination is however regarded as contextually reasonable by Nanette Funk. Andreea Molocea (2015, 31) in "(Re)construcția feminismului românesc (1999–2000)" speaks of Romanian feminism as being closely connected with academia, due to the fact the majority


texts:
 of early feminists were coming from the academic sphere. Thus, the activists tended to limit their diversity of action and were rather open to Western feminist theories. Having the tendency to report to and to signal issues in conformity with their status and perspectives, the early feminists omitted the issues of poor women, confronting with the difficulties of the market transition, issues that these feminists knew less because they have never been researched. This is also due to the lack of rural NGOs or activities targeted and representing women from such areas (Molocea 2015, 34).Another critic relies on Romanian liberal feminism that tended to be homogenous and generally focused on the rights, liberties and autonomy of women and its lack of intersectionality with ethnicity, class or sexual orientation (Vlad 2015). Also the professionalization of the women's movement and the lack of contact with the women that feminism represents is another criticism. Miroiu answers these critics in the book studying the analysis of women's and environmental movements from Romania, as well as international critics in the study "On Women, Feminism and Democracy" vol. Post-Communist Romania at Twenty-Five. Linking Past, Present and Future (Stan and Vancea eds, 2015). Selected works

Books

 Gândul Umbrei: Abordari feministe în filosofia contemporana [The Thought of the Shadow: Feminist Approaches in Contemporary Philosophy] Bucharest: Alternative Publ. House, 1995
 Convenio: Despre natura, femei si morala [Convenio: On Nature, Women and Morals] Bucharest: Alternative


texts:
 Publ.House, 1996 translated in Macedonian, Skopje, 2005
 România. Starea de fapt [Romania. Matter of facts], Bucharest: Nemira, 1997 (co-authored with V. Pasti and Cornel Codita)
 Învatamantul romanesc azi [The Romanian Education Today], (co-authored with Gabriel Ivan, Vladimir Pasti, <mask>), Iaşi: Polirom, 1998
 Societatea Retro [The Backward-Looking Society], Bucharest: "Trei" Pub. House, 1996
 Introducere în etică profesională [Professional Ethics, an Introduction], Bucharest: "Trei" Pub. House, 2001 (co-author with Gabriela Blebea)
 The Gender Dimension of Education in Romania, SOCO Project Paper No. 83 Vienna www.iwm.at/publ-spp/soco83pp.pdf
 Guidelines for Promoting Gender Equity in Higher Education in Central and eastern Europe, CEPES, UNESCO, Bucharest, 2003; The Romanian version: Politici ale echitatii de gen. Ghid pentru invatamintul universitar din Europa Centrala si de Est. Politeia, Bucharest, 2003.Translated in Bulgarian, 2008
 Drumul către autonomie:Teorii politice feministe [The Road to Autonomy: Feminist Political Theories] Iaşi: Polirom, 2004
 R'estul și Vestul [The rest and the West]  Iaşi: Polirom, 2005 (co-author with Mircea Miclea/ autobiographical novel)
 Neprețuitele femei [Priceless women] Iaşi: Polirom, 2006 (articles in reviews and journals)
 Dicolo de ingeri și draci. Etica în politica românească  [Beside angels and demons] Iaşi: Polirom, 2007 (articles in reviews and journals)
 The Birth of Democratic Citizenship (co-author Maria Bucur), Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 2018

Edited books
 Ghid de idei politice [Guide to


texts:
 political ideas] Bucharest: Pan-Terra 1990 (Coeditor with Adrian Miroiu)
 Sophia, Reader for the Philosophy Faculty, Universitatea Bucharest, 1995
 Jumătatea anonimă [The Anonymous Half. Anthology of Feminist Philosophy] Bucharest: Șansa, 1995
 Gen și Educație [Gender and education] Bucharest: ANA, 1997
 Gen și societate [Gender and society] Bucharest: Alternative, 1997
 Gender Barometer (coed. Renate Weber). Open Society Foundation and Gallup Organization (Bucharest), 2000 (with Renate Weber)
 The Gender Dimension of Education in Romania"", SOCO project Paper No.83, IWN Policy Project (Vienna), 2000
 Lexicon feminist [Feminist lexicon] Iaşi: Polirom, 2002 (co-editor with Otilia Dragomir)
 Patriarhat și emancipare în gândirea politică românească[Patriarchate and emancipation in the Romanian political thought] Iaşi: Polirom, 2002 (co-editor with Maria Bucur)
 Nașterea. Istorii trăite [The birth. The experienced history] Iași: Polirom 2010 (with Otilia Dragomir)
 Ideologii politice actuale.Semnificații, evoluții și impact [Contemporary political ideologies] Iași: Polirom, 2012
 Mișcări feministe și ecologiste în România (1990–2014) [Feminist and ecologic movements in Romania from 1990 to 2014] Iași:Polirom, 2015

 Textbooks
  Filosofie. Manual pentru licee (Philosophy. Handbook for High Schools), Editura Didactica si Pedagogica, 1986–1989, "The Theory of Knowledge". Lecții de filosofie[Philosophy lessons] Bucharest: Humanitas, 1990
 Filosofie. Manual pentru licee [Philosophy. Textbook for highshool pupils] Bucharest: Editura Didactică și pedagogică, 1992,