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Major General <mask>,  (February 28, 1888 – May 30, 1984) was a Canadian politician and soldier. He was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy awarded to British and Imperial forces; and the 20th lieutenant governor of British Columbia. Early life
Born in Watford, Hertfordshire, England on February 28, 1888, the oldest child of Louise and <mask>, he attended Berkhamsted School. In 1906, he and his brother emigrated to Alberta, Canada, where they settled near Red Deer. In 1911, <mask> joined the North-West Mounted Police and served in Yukon until the outbreak of the First World War. A comprehensive biography of <mask> was written during his lifetime by Reginald Roy based on eighty-two one to two hour tape recorded interviews and considerable primary and secondary sources. Military career

First World War and Victoria Cross
In 1915, he enlisted in the Canadian Expeditionary Force 2nd Regiment, Canadian Mounted Rifles; transferring in September 1916 to the 5th Battalion Canadian Mounted Rifles.In the photo obtained from Library and Archives Canada (PA-002310) dated December 1917, Major <mask>, 5th Canadian Mounted Rifles, is shown wearing the Military Cross service ribbon, but has not yet received the ribbon for the Victoria Cross. He is wearing 4 wound stripes on his sleeve. <mask> was 29 years old, and an acting major during the Battle of Passchendaele when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross (VC):

During the war, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel. Aside from the VC, <mask> was awarded the Distinguished Service Order and the Military Cross. Between the wars
Following the First World War he became a career officer in the army, and went to England in 1919 to attend the Staff College, Camberley for the first post-war course there. He was appointed to Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry. During the 1920s and early 1930s he was stationed as a staff officer in

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George Randolph Pearkes
George Pearkes
George
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 Winnipeg, Manitoba and in Calgary, Alberta.He also served as staff officer at the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston, Ontario. In 1925 <mask> married Constance Blytha Copeman and they had two children. In 1936, he attended the Imperial Defence College in London. Among his fellow students there were Frank McNamara and Sydney Rowell, both from Australia; other students included William Slim and Keith Park

From 1938 to 1940 he was District Officer Commanding 13th Military District in Calgary. With the opening of hostilities with Germany in the Second World War, Brigadier <mask> was given command of the 2nd Canadian Infantry Brigade, a component of the 1st Canadian Infantry Division, which comprised a number of units raised in western Canada. Second World War
In December 1939, <mask>, by then age 51, and his staff left for England where the 1st Division was finally concentrated in a single place  as a formation. In February 1940 he developed a serious case of spinal meningitis, but soon recovered.In November 1941 <mask> was asked to assume temporary command of the expanding Canadian Corps, taking the place of Andrew McNaughton who was on an extended leave. General Bernard Montgomery of the British Army, whose opinions of Canadian officers were crucial in the careers of senior officers overseas in the mid-war period, said <mask> was a "gallant soldier" with "little brains". In August 1942 <mask> was returned to Canada and became General Officer Commanding in Chief Pacific Command, primarily a home defence organization for western Canada. He oversaw defences on Canada's West Coast. In 1943 <mask> was part of the planning for Operation Greenlight, retaking the Aleutian Islands from the Japanese. During the Second World War, in 1944, <mask> was instrumental in suppressing the Terrace Mutiny, a revolt by conscripts stationed in Terrace, British Columbia resulting from the announcement that conscripts would be deployed overseas. Although successful, <mask>

masks: Pearkes Pearkes Pearkes Pearkes Pearkes Pearkes Pearkes Pearkes Pearkes


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 was extremely critical of the actions that led to it in the first place, stating he had been placed in the "intolerable position of being ordered to enforce a policy which his past experience gained in applying similar policies has proven ruinous to discipline of [troops], and of being in an utterly dishonourable position, and [<mask> said] that he will NOT issue instructions to his [junior commanders] placing them in an impossible situation."When it became clear that the government was not considering deploying troops for the fighting in the Pacific, <mask> requested a change of command, or to be allowed to retire. The Cabinet War Committee eventually decided on the latter, and he retired from the Army in February 1945. He went into federal politics, winning the Nanaimo, British Columbia riding for the Progressive Conservative Party. Political career

In the 1945 federal election, he was elected as a Progressive Conservative Party candidate in the riding of Nanaimo, British Columbia. He was re-elected in 1949. In the 1953 election, he was elected in the riding of Esquimalt—Saanich, British Columbia. He was re-elected in the 1957 and 1958 elections.He was Minister of National Defence from 1957 to 1960 under Prime Minister John Diefenbaker. In 1958, <mask> recommended that the Avro Arrow programme be cancelled. In a historic turning point for Canadian aviation, the costly programme was cancelled in 1959 in favour of a less costly reliance on missile defense with NORAD. He resigned from federal politics in 1960. Lieutenant governor and later life
He became Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia on October 13, 1960, and became one of the few Lieutenant Governors to agree to an extended term, serving until July 1968. In 1967, he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada. <mask> died on May 30, 1984 in Victoria, British Columbia, and is commemorated at the Holy Trinity Cemetery, West Saanich, Sidney, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.Section 4 – West. His

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 Victoria Cross is displayed at the Canadian War Museum in Ottawa. Family
In August 1925, he married Constance Blytha Copeman. A daughter, Priscilla Edith ("Pep"), was born in 1928 though she died while still a young child. A son, John Andre, was born in 1931. Legacy
Pearkes' name has been honoured in various ways, including:
<mask><mask> Arena in Saanich, British Columbia. Mount Pearkes, along the mainland British Columbia south coast.The George R. Pearkes Children's Foundation
The <mask>kes Centre for Children, a treatment facility for children with cerebral palsy, now part of the Queen Alexandra Centre for Children's Health in Victoria, British Columbia. General <mask>. Pearkes Elementary School in Hudson's Hope, British Columbia. The <mask> R. Pearkes Building which houses the Canadian Department of National Defence Headquarters, in Ottawa. The <mask><mask>, VC Branch of the Royal Canadian Legion in Summerside, Prince Edward Island. CCGS <mask><mask>, a Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker. There are numerous thoroughfares named for him. He donated a ceremonial sword to Berkhamsted School in Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire to be awarded each year to the school's best senior NCO cadet.Honours and awards
Major General <mask> received numerous awards during his life these include

He was sworn in as a Member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada on June 21, 1957. This gave Him the right to use the honorific prefix "The Honourable" and the post nominal letters "PC" for life. He Received the Key to the City of
North Vancouver in British Columbia on March 21, 1966. Burnaby in British Columbia on June 14, 1968. Vancouver in British Columbia on August 27, 1968. He Received the Freedom of the City of
Nelson in British Columbia  1961. Port Alberni in British Columbia on October 26, 1967.Kelowna in British Columbia  1967. Central Saanich in British Columbia 1970. Vernon in British Columbia  1970. Penticton in British Columbia  1973. He also received the Order of the Dogwood

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texts: <mask> (born 27 March 1988), known professionally as <mask>, is an English singer-songwriter. Born and raised in London, she began her career on stage, aged 11, with a role in the West End musical Whistle Down the Wind. She studied at the BRIT School before signing with Gut Records and striking a songwriting deal with Sony/ATV Music Publishing. After signing with Republic Records, <mask> came to prominence following the release of her debut single "Do It Like a Dude". Her following single "Price Tag" topped the charts in nineteen countries including the UK and was followed by the release of her debut album, Who You Are (2011), which peaked at number two in the UK. Other singles from the album included "Nobody's Perfect", "Who You Are", "Domino" and "Laserlight", all of which peaked within the top ten on the UK Singles Chart, making <mask> the first British female artist to have six top-ten singles from a sole studio album. "Domino" also attained further international success, peaking at number six on the US Billboard Hot 100 and becoming her second number-one single in the UK.In 2012, <mask> performed at the Queen's Diamond Jubilee Concert outside Buckingham Palace in June, as well as the closing ceremony of the 2012 Olympic Games in London on 12 August. Her second album Alive (2013) peaked within the top five on the UK Albums Chart and also included the top-five singles "Wild" and "It's My Party". The release of her third album Sweet Talker (2014) was preceded by the single "Bang Bang" which debuted at number one in the UK and went multi-platinum worldwide. The album made the top five in the UK and peaked at number ten on the US Billboard 200, her highest-charting album in the US. , <mask> had sold over 20 million singles and 3 million albums worldwide. Citing various influences, <mask> is recognised for an unconventional musical and performance style that mixes soul vocals with contemporary R&B, pop, electropop, and

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Jessica Ellen Cornish
Jessie J
Jessie J
Jessie J
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 hip-hop beats. She has received various accolades throughout her career, including the 2011 Critics' Choice Brit Award and the BBC's Sound of 2011.<mask> has supported various charitable causes, and has appeared on the UK charity telethons BBC Children in Need and Comic Relief. She has served as a coach on the competition series The Voice UK, The Voice Australia and The Voice Kids UK. In 2018, <mask> received widespread recognition in China following her appearance in the Hunan TV reality program Singer (previously called I Am a Singer). Early life
<mask> Cornish was born on 27 March 1988 in Chadwell Heath in The London Borough of Redbridge, London, to Rose () and Stephen Cornish. She was educated at Mayfield High School in LB Redbridge. This area was part of Essex until 1965 and <mask> refers to herself as an Essex girl. She attended Colin's Performing Arts School and as an 11-year-old she was cast in Andrew Lloyd Webber's West End production of Whistle Down the Wind.She subsequently joined the National Youth Music Theatre and appeared in their 2002 production of The Late Sleepers. Cornish has two elder sisters, who were both head girls at school. Unlike her academic sisters, Cornish has stated she was "never really that good at anything". She said, "At school they were like 'oh, you're a Cornish girl' and they kind of expected me to be the same as my sisters. Give me something to draw or an outfit to pick for someone, or hair, make-up, acting, write a song, I'm fine with it, but anything to do with sums – it was never my thing." She also said she never based her intelligence on her exam results. She also said she was always good at singing and it was her "thing".In 2003, at age 15, she won Best Pop Singer in the TV show Britain's Brilliant Prodigies, performing as <mask>. At the age of 16 she began studying at the BRIT School and at 17 she joined a girl group named Soul Deep. She graduated in the class of 2006 along

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Jessie J
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Jessica Ellen
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 with singers Adele and Leona Lewis. She claims she suffered a 'minor stroke at 18.' Career

2006–2010: Career beginnings

<mask> was signed to Gut Records, recording an album for the label, but the company went bankrupt before any material was released. She then found success as a songwriter, gaining a Sony ATV publishing contract. She was also the support act for Cyndi Lauper during Lauper's UK dates of her 2008 Bring Ya to the Brink tour (Lauper invited <mask> to join her on stage for the performances of "Girls Just Want to Have Fun").<mask> has also written lyrics for artists such as Chris Brown and Miley Cyrus, including "Party in the U.S.A.". <mask> was also part of a girl band, called Soul Deep, for two years, however, believing "it wasn't going anywhere," she left the group. Despite people thinking that her first notoriety was through YouTube, <mask> was signed for four years before her first video was posted. <mask> first came to the attention of Lava Records when her publisher at Sony/ATV, Rich Christina, sent Lava president <mask>m a link to her MySpace page, which the record executive loved. After seeing an impressive US showcase, Lava, along with several other labels, was keen to sign the artist but progress was hampered by her management's insistence on, what Flom called, a "crazy deal", and their refusal to let <mask> speak to any labels directly. Despite this, Senior Director of A&R at Lava, Harinder Rana, made surreptitious efforts to meet <mask> on her own in winter of 2008. Later in the year a change in management to Sarah Stennett and Nadia Khan of Crown Music allowed record deal negotiations to take place.<mask> eventually signed with Lava as part of a joint venture with Universal Republic. 2010–2012: Who You Are
<mask> began recording her debut studio album in 2005 and it was completed on 19 January 2011. She revealed that "Big White Room" would be on the album and was written from an experience she

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texts: had when she was aged 11, although she wrote the song at age 17, in the hospital, where a ward mate, a little boy, died. <mask> says the album's title track, "Who You Are", is one of her proudest creations, she said the song is a "positive role model for young people" and "I always say that I'm half-artist, half-therapist". The song was written in 2005, when she just moved to Los Angeles, and was going through a very lonely difficult moment. A song called "Sexy Silk", which appears on the Easy A soundtrack, was originally going to be her first single. However, in late 2010 <mask> released her first single, "Do It Like a Dude" which was co-written with George Astasio, Tj Normandin, <mask>, <mask>, Kyle Abrahams and Peter Ighile.Originally, she wrote the song with Rihanna in mind because "Rude Boy" was released at the time, partly inspiring the song. She then sent the song to her label, Island Records, before sending it to Rihanna's management. Island insisted the song become <mask>'s first single. The single gained positive reception from critics. The single charted at number two on the UK Singles Chart. Her follow-up single "Price Tag" was released in late January 2011. It was written by <mask>, Dr. Luke, Claude Kelly, and B.o.B and peaked at number one on the UK Singles Chart."Price Tag" was released in the US on 1 February 2011 and peaked at 23 on the Billboard Hot 100. "Price Tag" also charted at number-one in New Zealand and Ireland and is the most successful online video <mask> has released. Her first American television appearance was as the musical guest on NBC's Saturday Night Live on 12 March 2011. On 25 February 2011 her debut album, Who You Are, was released. The album first entered the UK Albums Chart on 6 March 2011 where it charted at number two. The album charted into the top ten in a number of countries and number 11 in the US. After the release she went on to release a third single from the album,

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Jason Pebworth
Jon Shave
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texts: "Nobody's Perfect".MTV reported that the single is, so far, only confirmed for release in the United Kingdom. The album's fourth single was "Who's Laughing Now". "Domino" was her second US single. The Dr. Luke-produced track was sent to mainstream radio on 6 September 2011. With the success of Who You Are in North America, <mask> was chosen to tour as the opening act for American pop artist Katy Perry's California Dreams Tour in 2011 but pulled out after breaking her foot in rehearsals. <mask> served as the house artist at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards, performing several of her original songs along with covers around commercial breaks. On 12 June 2011, at the Summertime Ball held at Wembley Stadium, London, <mask> ruptured several tendons in her foot during rehearsals, and performed her set the following day while sitting on a gilded throne.For her appearance at Glastonbury Festival 2011 on 25 June 2011, she performed on the throne again, stating that her doctor had told her not to perform with her broken foot which would take six weeks to heal. <mask> was scheduled to play at several festivals throughout the summer, however it was reported on 1 July 2011 that she would not be able to attend T in the Park, T4 on the Beach, Wembley:Orange, iTunes Festival, Lovebox, and Oxegen due to the injuries to her foot. Her record label released an official statement on 30 June 2011 that under strict orders from her doctor, she would not be able to perform for a number of weeks so that she could recuperate properly. She returned to the concert circuit in late August, including sets at the V Festival and The Big Chill. At the 2011 MTV VMA's she was still in a cast and using the throne. <mask>'s third studio album, The Awakening features a collaboration with <mask> called "Up", the song was released as a single on 16 November 2011. <mask> re-released Who You Are on 9 November 2011, featuring the regular tracks plus "Domino"."Domino"

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James Morrison
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 topped the UK charts and became her first top 10 hit in the US, following the success of "Price Tag". While in Australia for the Oceania leg of her Heartbeat tour in support of Who You Are, an interview on a TV talk show ended with her being sawed in half by magician Sam Powers in his thin model sawing illusion. At the 2012 Brit Awards on 21 February, <mask> received two Brit Award nominations, Best British Female Artist, and Best British Single ("Price Tag"). With featured artist, David Guetta, <mask> released the sixth single, "Laserlight", from her debut album on 4 May 2012. In the United Kingdom, the song debuted at number twenty-six on the UK Singles Chart on the chart issue dated 21 April 2012. The following week the song climbed twenty-one positions to number five, making it her sixth top ten single from one album. With the charting success, she became the first UK female solo artist to achieve six top-ten singles from a single studio album.The achievement was compared with Lady Gaga, Katy Perry, <mask> and boy band Take That, recording artists who previously broke the same record. On 4 June 2012, <mask> appeared at the Diamond Jubilee Concert for Queen Elizabeth II, performing a duet with will.i.am. Together, they performed "I Gotta Feeling", a song she previously recorded with the other four coaches of the televised singing competition, The Voice. She later sang her international hit, "Domino". On 12 August 2012 she performed "Price Tag", "Written in the Stars", "Dynamite", and "You Should Be Dancing" with Tinie Tempah and Taio Cruz, and "We Will Rock You" with Queen at the Closing Ceremony of the 2012 Olympic Games in London. <mask> was a coach on the BBC One programme The Voice UK for its first two series in 2012 and 2013. 2012–2016: Alive and Sweet Talker
On 31 January 2012, <mask> announced that she had begun recording her second studio album.She also stated that she hoped to collaborate with many artists

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Michael Jackson
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texts: that year, possibly including some of her fellow coaches on The Voice. It was revealed that she worked in the studio with CeeLo Green after he contacted her on Twitter. <mask> has also revealed on Twitter that she worked with Diane Warren and co-author of her song "Price Tag", Claude Kelly. Via microblogging website Twitter, <mask> announced her first arena tour, called Nice to Meet You Tour (later renamed Alive Tour due to the release of her second studio album titled Alive), which began on 15 October 2013 and concluded on 8 February 2014. "Wild" was released as the lead single from Alive and was a top 5 hit in both the United Kingdom and Australia. Other singles released from the album included "It's My Party" and "Thunder". <mask> also featured on <mask>'s debut single "Calling All Hearts", along with Canadian singer Robin Thicke.Her third studio album Sweet Talker was released on 13 October 2014 in the UK, where it peaked at number 5. "Bang Bang" recorded with Ariana Grande and Nicki Minaj serves as the first single from the album. The song reached number one on the UK Singles Chart, becoming her third number one and seventh top five single in the UK. "Bang Bang" debuted on the US Billboard Hot 100 at number 6, making it the second highest new entry of 2014 on the chart. The song became <mask>'s second top 10 single in the US, after her previous single "Domino", and eventually peaked at number 3. In 2015, she became the judge and mentor of The Voice Australia replacing will.i.am. In the nominations for the 2016 Brit Awards, <mask>'s 2015 single "Flashlight" (from the soundtrack to the film Pitch Perfect 2) was among the nominees for Best British Video.In January 2015 she began the Sweet Talker Tour to promote the album. In 2016, <mask> joined the cast of voices for Ice Age: Collision Course singing the movie's theme song "My Superstar" (written by Alexander Geringas and Nikki Leonti) featuring Tha Vill. The song was

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DJ Cassidy
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 eventually not released as a single and was not included in the soundtrack. 2017–present: R.O.S.E. and Singer 2018

On 11 August 2017, <mask> released a new single, "Real Deal", for M&M's advertising campaign. On 12 September, she announced her fourth album R.O.S.E. and the single "Think About That", which was released on 15 September 2017 as the album's lead single.Four further songs from R.O.S.E. were then released, with "Think About That" representing realization. "Not My Ex", was released as its second single on 6 October 2017 and represents obsession and the third single "Queen" was released on 17 November 2017, representing empowerment. In October 2017, <mask> began her R.O.S.E. tour across Europe and the US to promote the upcoming album. In January 2018, she appeared on the sixth season of the Chinese singing competition I Am a Singer. <mask> won the competition, making history as the first international singer to win the season in the show's six-year history, accompanying with the record of having topped number-one performances in five out of the first ten (of eleven) elimination rounds.The series cast also included two of the six other initial singers (singers entering on the first week of the competition with the exemption of participating Breakout rounds) Angela Chang and Wang Feng, and also her closest rival and runner-up for the season, Hua Chenyu, who would later go on to win the eighth season held two years later. In May 2018, her fourth studio album R.O.S.E. was released. The album was released as four EPs titled Realisations, Obsessions, Sex, and Empowerment, creating an acronym for "R.O.S.E." The album moved away from the pop sound heard in much of her past music, instead taking on an R&B style. In September 2018, <mask> announced her first Christmas album titled This Christmas Day, which was released on 26 October 2018. In December 2018, <mask> confirmed that she would be appearing as a coach on The

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Jessie J
Jessie J
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 Voice Kids UK alongside Pixie Lott, <mask> and will.i.am for its third series.She also stated in an Instagram Live that she wants to write new pop/soul songs. In April 2019 <mask> began touring festivals across Europe and Asia. She announced via Instagram that the tour is called The Lasty Tour, in honour of her close friend and bodyguard Dave Last "Lasty" who died in December 2018. <mask> co-wrote "One More Try" with Max Martin and Oscar Holter. The track is the only original song to appear in Martin's 2019 jukebox musical & Juliet, where it is sung by Miriam-Teak Lee and <mask> Gage as <mask> and Romeo on the official soundtrack. <mask>'s own version of the song is also included on the soundtrack. Artistry and voice
Although <mask> was first identified as a soul singer, she primarily records songs of R&B and pop music with hip hop influences.Music critic Matthew Perpetua of Pitchfork Media compared her to her peers Adele and Amy Winehouse, but suggested she was missing something: "Whereas Adele and Winehouse also have powerhouse voices, they fit into clear aesthetic niches and invest their songs with depth and humanity. <mask> doesn't have even a fraction of their restraint." Perpetua added: "Her idea of showcasing her gift is to shoot for a blaring melisma on "Mamma Knows Best" that makes Christina Aguilera seem as subtle as <mask> Mitchell by comparison." Ailbhe Malone of the music magazine NME also recognised Cornish's "undeniably potent voice". However, she pointed out the possible "identity crisis" that might have been caused by <mask>'s songwriter past: "This is an album of singles for other artists. There's Rihanna <mask> ('Do It...'), <mask> ('Abracadabra'), Pixie <mask> ('Mamma Knows Best'), <mask> ('Big White Room')." Caroline Sullivan of The Guardian shared her positive opinion about the singer, saying that "if any singer has the potential to be the British Katy Perry or Pink, with the accompanying millions of

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Jordan Luke
Juliet
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 sales, it's her".Sullivan also complimented Cornish's attitude: "[Her songs] are delivered with a confidence that money can't buy." <mask>. has been compared to Perry, and has expressed admiration for Perry's music and her work ethic. She said, "Her hard work, her dedication, and how she deals with having the world stare at her every move, personally and professionally, with such dignity and strength, is inspiring." Entertainment Weeklys music critic Adam Markovitz said of <mask>: "The 23-year-old Brit has all the tools, from a monster voice to an ear for hooks—she co-wrote Miley Cyrus' 'Party in the U.S.A.'—and a manic persona that's equal parts Katy Perry, Kristin Chenoweth, and Alice Cooper." <mask> calls her fans "heartbeats", after her Heartbeat Tour. Of them, she has said, "They're amazing, and they're the only reason I'm here at the VMAs and people know who I am ... They support me and buy my albums and singles, and they stand outside hotels, and they come to shows, and they get tattoos of my lyrics and they cut their hair like me.You have to love your fans. That's why I call them my Heartbeats, because without them I wouldn't be here." Personal life

Sexuality and feminism
Asked about her bisexuality in an interview on the "In Demand" radio show on 3 March 2011, <mask> stated, "I've never denied it. Whoopie doo guys, yes, I've dated girls and I've dated boys – get over it." Sophie Wilkinson of The Guardian argued that <mask>'s sexuality was valuable to young teens, especially for young girls unsure of themselves because of their sexuality and identity, to feel "that this does happen and this is normal." In April 2014, <mask> renounced her bisexuality, stating, "For me, it was a phase. But I'm not saying bisexuality is a phase for everybody."Laura Kay of The Guardian said although she would never deny anyone the right to define their own sexuality, <mask> renouncing her bisexuality "feels like such a loss for young

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Jessie J
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 gay or questioning people who look up to her", and wondered if the wrong message might have been sent because  is "an unhelpful term as this is an idea that gay people find themselves constantly battling against." She identifies as a feminist, and believes that equal rights should be a normality and that her responsibility of being a woman includes "being confident and not standing down for any ego or suit." Residence

In 2014, <mask> relocated from London to Los Angeles, California. She cited work opportunities and dissatisfaction with the level of focus in the UK on her personal life rather than on her singing, saying, "In America they see me as a singer whereas here I feel that people don't appreciate my voice." Relationships
In November 2014, she started dating American singer <mask>. The couple ended their relationship in October 2015. It is unclear whether the pair rekindled their relationship, but they went on to perform together a couple of times.Health
In early 2011, she suffered a panic attack on stage after she was forced to perform in the dark. "I did a gig recently and had a panic attack on stage," she said. "The night was called 'Black Out' and I had to perform in the dark. I asked them to turn on the lights and they didn't. I was onstage in pitch black and, because I couldn't see anything, I started to panic. It was awful." <mask> is a vegan.In an Instagram post on Christmas Eve in 2020, she revealed that she has been diagnosed with Ménière's disease. In the post, she wrote how the condition made her feel like "someone crawled" into her ear "and turned a hair dryer on." The disorder affects the inner ear, and can lead to severe dizziness, ringing in the ear and hearing loss. In November 2021, she announced that she had suffered a miscarriage. Charitable activities
<mask> has appeared on the major UK charity telethons, Children in Need and Comic Relief, both broadcast on the BBC. She confirmed on 2 August

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Luke James
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 2011 that she would be shaving her hair off for charity in 2012. Speaking via her official Twitter account she said: "It's hair, It will grow back.Even if it takes 2 years, if it saves lives it's worth it. Even if its 1 life that's something." On 15 March 2013, <mask>'s head was shaved live during Red Nose Day 2013, helping to raise money for Comic Relief. In November 2011, <mask> performed "Nobody's Perfect" at the charity concert Children in Need Rocks Manchester held at the Manchester Arena to raise money for Children in Need 2011. <mask> is a supporter of UK children's charity Believe in Magic, a charity that grants wishes to terminally ill children across the UK. In July 2012 she performed "Laserlight" on stage with a 7-year-old fan, leukaemia sufferer Daniel Sullivan. Sullivan died four months later.Discography

 Who You Are (2011)
 Alive (2013)
 Sweet Talker (2014)
 R.O.S.E. (2018)
 This Christmas Day (2018)

Filmography

Tours

Headlining
 Heartbeat Tour (2011–2012)
 Alive Tour (2013)
 Sweet Talker Tour (2015)
 R.O.S.E Tour (2017–2018)

Opening
 Girls Aloud Tangled Up Tour (2008)
Chris Brown Fan Appreciation Tour (2009)

Special guest
 The Jingle Ball Tour (December 2014)

References

External links

1988 births
Living people
21st-century English women singers
21st-century English singers
Brit Award winners
British contemporary R&B singers
British hip hop singers
British women hip hop musicians
Electropop musicians
English autobiographers
English electronic musicians
English expatriates in the United States
English feminists
English mezzo-sopranos
English women in electronic music
English women pop singers
English women singer-songwriters
Feminist musicians
Island Records artists
Participants in British reality television series
People educated at the BRIT School
People from Chadwell Heath
People with Ménière's Disease
Singers from London
Singers with a four-octave vocal range
Synth-pop singers
pop rock

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<mask> (born July 9, 1970) is a former American football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for fifteen seasons. He played college football for Indiana University. He was drafted by the San Diego Chargers in the eighth round of the 1993 NFL Draft, and also played for the BC Lions, Washington Redskins, St. Louis Rams, Kansas City Chiefs and Miami Dolphins. He earned a Super Bowl ring with the Rams in Super Bowl XXXIV over the Tennessee Titans and was selected to two Pro Bowls with the Chiefs. Since his retirement from playing <mask> has worked as an NFL color analyst on radio and television. He is employed by CBS Sports. He is one of 13 quarterbacks to have completed a 99-yard pass play in the NFL.Early life
<mask> grew up in St. Louis, Missouri, and attended St. John Vianney High School in Kirkwood, Missouri, a suburb of St. Louis. College career
<mask> played college football for the Indiana University Hoosiers. In 1991 Indiana played in the Copper Bowl and dominated a highly regarded Baylor team 24-0. Led by <mask>, it was one of the most impressive performances by any team during the 1991 bowl season. During <mask>'s four-year career he threw for 5,400 yards with 23 touchdowns and 31 interceptions. He graduated with a degree in business. Professional career

Early career (San Diego Chargers, BC Lions, Washington Redskins)
In 1993, <mask> was drafted as the twenty-sixth pick in the eighth round and 222nd overall by the San Diego Chargers.He spent a year as a backup and saw no playing time. After being cut in 1994 by the British Columbia Lions of the Canadian Football League, he joined the Washington Redskins. Outside of one pass thrown in 1997, he would not see NFL action until 1998, when he threw for 3,441 yards, 23 touchdowns, and 11 interceptions. <mask>'s breakout season came just in time, as he became an unrestricted

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 free agent after the 1998 season. He rejected a 4-year, $12 million offer from the Redskins. First stint with Rams
On February 15, 1999, <mask> agreed to a 4-year $17.5 million contract with the St. Louis Rams which included a $4.5 million signing bonus. In 1999, <mask> was slated to be the starter for the Rams, but suffered a gruesome season-ending knee injury in a preseason game on a hit by Rodney Harrison of the Chargers.Unheralded backup Kurt Warner took over for <mask>, and led the Rams to a 13–3 season culminating in a dramatic 23–16 victory over the Tennessee Titans in Super Bowl XXXIV. In 2000, <mask> began the season as the backup to Warner, the reigning NFL MVP. He started five games in the middle of the season while Warner was out with a broken hand. <mask> and Warner combined to lead the Rams to the then-highest team passing yards total in NFL history. With Warner back at quarterback, the Rams were upset in the wild card round by the New Orleans Saints. <mask> was traded during the offseason to the Kansas City Chiefs for the 12th overall pick in the 2001 NFL Draft. Kansas City Chiefs
During his first season in Kansas City, <mask> struggled despite the presence of tight end Tony Gonzalez, and running back Priest Holmes.He threw for 3,783 yards and 17 touchdowns, but also threw 24 interceptions. <mask> showed marked improvement in 2002, throwing 26 touchdowns to only 13 interceptions as the Chiefs went 8-8. Also notable, <mask> tied the record for longest career pass play in NFL history (99 yards) on December 22, 2002, on a pass to Marc Boerigter in a game against the San Diego Chargers. In 2003, <mask> had his breakout year, throwing for 4,039 yards, 24 touchdowns, and 12 interceptions. He led the Chiefs to a 13–3 record and a first-round bye in the playoffs. However, in the divisional playoff game, they lost a 38–31 shootout to Peyton

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texts: Manning and the Indianapolis Colts. The game was notable for there being no punts by either team, a first in NFL playoff history.<mask> was elected to his first Pro Bowl that year. The next season, the Chiefs went 7–9 as Priest Holmes suffered a knee injury in their eighth game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in Tampa, Florida and missed the rest of the regular season. At the time, he was leading the league in both rushing and scoring. However, <mask> still had a stellar year, passing for 4,591 yards, 27 touchdowns, and 17 interceptions. His passing total for 2004 was second only to Minnesota's Daunte Culpepper. In 2005, the Chiefs, with an improved defense, improved their record to 10–6, but failed to make the playoffs. <mask> had another strong season in 2005, throwing for 4,010 yards (second only to New England's Tom Brady), and throwing just 10 interceptions, his lowest season total ever.<mask> was elected to his second Pro Bowl following the season. <mask> has the distinction of having four consecutive seasons with a QB rating of 90.0 or better, three of those with over 4,000 passing yards. <mask> has started 80 consecutive games during his first five years with the Chiefs, a team record. <mask>'s 2006 season was put in jeopardy by a severe concussion he suffered during the first game of the season on September 10, 2006, against the Cincinnati Bengals in Kansas City. <mask> attempted to slide during a third-quarter play, but was hit hard by Cincinnati defensive end Robert Geathers, who had lowered his shoulders, but instead struck the quarterback in an unusual position. However, the official determined that no foul had been committed and Geathers insisted that he had tried to check up, but was pushed by Chiefs receiver Eddie Kennison. CBS announcer Randy Cross, a former offensive lineman with the San Francisco 49ers, believed the hit was

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texts: unintentional and supported the officials' decision.National Football League officials took the same position and, on September 13, 2006, declined to fine Robert Geathers because he did not have complete control of his body. <mask> was rendered unconscious and the game was delayed for over fifteen minutes while he received medical attention. He reportedly regained consciousness in the tunnel and could not recall the play. According to Chiefs general manager Carl Peterson, preliminary doctor's visits revealed a "very, very severe concussion" and stated that <mask> would be out indefinitely. On Saturday, October 21, 2006, it was reported that <mask> was cleared by doctors to return to practice. Chiefs president and general manager Carl Peterson said that this does not mean that he is cleared to play. Peterson confirmed that <mask>'s return to practice would be in a controlled environment to see how far along he is in his recovery from a "very, very severe concussion."On November 15, 2006, Kansas City Chiefs head coach, Herman Edwards announced that <mask> would take back his starting quarterback job from Damon Huard who took over when <mask> suffered a concussion. <mask>'s career in Kansas City ended with another playoff loss against Peyton Manning and the  Indianapolis Colts in the Wild-Card round of the 2006 NFL Playoffs. On February 27, 2007, Damon Huard was re-signed by the Chiefs for $7.5 million over 3 years, causing a "quarterback controversy" in Kansas City. <mask> initially was asked to take a pay cut in his 2007 salary, and had been granted permission to seek a trade to another team. Teams interested included the Miami Dolphins (who offered a seventh-round draft pick to the Chiefs, but the Chiefs declined, instead seeking a fifth-round pick), the Detroit Lions, and Cleveland Browns were also interested in <mask> prior to the 2007 NFL Draft.

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 <mask> was not traded on draft weekend as previously expected. <mask> said he would not return to Kansas City, therefore making his release possible.<mask> had told the Chiefs that Miami was his preference being that he previously worked under both head coach Cam Cameron and quarterbacks coach Terry Shea. Miami Dolphins
On June 5, 2007, the Chiefs agreed to trade <mask> to the Miami Dolphins for a conditional fifth-round pick in the 2008 NFL Draft, pending a physical from <mask> which was subsequently passed. <mask> was introduced at a news conference in Miami on June 6. The draft pick would have become a fourth-round pick if <mask> played more than 70 percent of Miami's offensive plays. On August 20 the Dolphins named <mask> the starter with Cleo Lemon named as his backup, despite the fact that neither of them had thrown a touchdown pass to that point in pre-season play. Second-round pick John Beck was named third string. <mask>'s position with his new team—as well as his career—was instantly put in jeopardy on October 7 as he suffered another severe concussion early in a game against the Texans at Houston.With just under 4 minutes to play in the first quarter, <mask> put his shoulder low to the knees of 315-pound Houston defensive tackle Travis Johnson in a successful attempt to block him on a play that started with a fumbled handoff to Dolphins rookie wide receiver Ted Ginn Jr. Ginn, who was running right-to-left across the backfield when the exchange was fumbled, recovered the ball near the sidelines and then reversed field. Johnson went down in a sprawling tumble on the block at the same time <mask> fell face-down to the turf, knocked out cold after striking Johnson's knee with his helmet. Johnson, upon getting up and seeing Ginn had been stopped and the play ended, immediately walked towards <mask>'s body, jabbing his finger at the motionless

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 quarterback. Johnson was flagged with a 15-yard penalty for taunting, and medical personnel quickly made their way to <mask>. After being examined on the field for nearly five minutes, <mask> was carted off on a stretcher as Cleo Lemon stepped in to take his place. After the game an angry Travis Johnson had harsh words for <mask>, comparing him to "the scarecrow [who] wants to get courage" and calling the block "malicious." Texans head coach Gary Kubiak, while in some ways siding with Johnson in saying that NFL officials should review the rules on "chop" blocks, also called Johnson's reaction over a fallen player "inexcusable."While many fans and sportswriters alike called for <mask> to retire,  <mask> was back with the team in practice, albeit in street clothes, the Friday after the injury after returning from Kansas City where he was evaluated by the same medical team that made the diagnosis in 2006. Coach Cam Cameron had initially expressed his plans for <mask> to return to the game before the end of the 2007 season. However, on October 20, 2007, the Dolphins announced that <mask> would be placed on injured reserve, and made Cleo Lemon their starting quarterback. Following the season, <mask> became one of nine players released by the Dolphins on February 11, 2008. Second stint with Rams
On March 10, 2008, <mask> agreed to a three-year deal worth about $9 million with the St. Louis Rams, rejoining the team he played for in 1999 and 2000. On September 23, 2008, <mask> was named the starter for week 4 versus the Buffalo Bills. He completed 17 of 32 passes for 236 yards with one interception and a quarterback rating of 64.1.On November 9, 2008, against the Jets, <mask> took over for Marc Bulger after Bulger was shut out by the Jets in the first half. The Rams released <mask> on February 25, 2009. Retirement
<mask> retired from professional football

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 on June 12, 2009, citing a desire to pursue a career in broadcasting. <mask>'s agent, Jim Steiner, said "He had a long, prosperous, very successful career. He believes he can still play, but the demand isn't real high out there right now and he's not the type of guy who is going to sit around for four or five months waiting for the phone to ring." Post-NFL career
In the 2009 NFL season, <mask> started doing work as a color analyst on regional NFL games for the Fox network for one season, as well as a studio analyst for the NFL Total Access show on the NFL Network. He also worked with Ian Eagle calling Thursday Night Football games on Westwood One radio and with Paul Burmeister on Kansas City Chiefs preseason broadcasts.In April 2014, <mask> was hired by CBS as an NFL analyst alongside Greg Gumbel, and later with Kevin Harlan. <mask> sometimes works as a guest analyst for the NFL on Westwood One. In July 2012, <mask> was named the forty-first greatest quarterback of the NFL's post-merger era, according to Football Nation. On November 22, 2016, <mask> was named the Big Ten's Dungy-Thompson Humanitarian Award winner. Personal life
<mask> has 2 sons and a daughter. One son, <mask>. (T.J.), is a quarterback for Northwestern. His other son Derek, is a quarterback at SMU.See also
Most consecutive starts by a quarterback (NFL)

References

External links

1970 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
BC Lions players
American Conference Pro Bowl players
Indiana Hoosiers football players
Kansas City Chiefs players
Miami Dolphins players
National Football League announcers
Sportspeople from Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Players of American football from Iowa
Players of American football from St. Louis
Players of Canadian football from St. Louis
San Diego Chargers players
St. Louis Rams players
Washington Redskins players
Alliance of American Football

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<mask> (also Bezellon, or Bizaillon), (baptized Pierre) ( – 18 July 1742) was a French-Canadian fur trader and interpreter who spent most of his career in Pennsylvania engaged in trade with Native American communities. Bisaillon and other coureurs des bois dominated the Pennsylvania fur trade during the late 17th and early 18th century, as they were skilled hunters and trappers and had established good relations with local Native American tribes. Bisaillon and his colleagues were regarded with suspicion by Pennsylvania authorities, however, and he was frequently accused and jailed on false or minor charges. He was eventually forced out of the fur trade, but retired a wealthy man. Birth and immigration to North America
Bisaillon was born in Saint-Jean-d'Aubrigoux, diocese of Clermont, Auvergne, (dept. of Haute-Loire) France to Benoit Bisaillon (b. 1638) and Louise-Françoise Blaise Dublay (b.1642). He came to New France with his three brothers (Étienne, Benoit, and Michel) in about 1680. He and his brothers were probably inspired to move to Canada by the example of their cousin Mathieu Faye (1641-1695), who was serving in the Carignan-Salières Regiment in Quebec. Brothers
Étienne Bisaillon purchased land in Laprairie outside Montreal in November, 1682 and all four brothers occupied themselves in trading with various native tribes. Étienne began trading in 1683 with the Ottawa Indians and became a wealthy landowner with a home in Montreal, although he frequently entered into debt to pay for equipment and supplies on his trading journeys. He was killed by Iroquois Indians at Laprairie on 25 September 1697. Benoit Bisaillon worked as a trader with the Sioux Indians for several years, then purchased land and became a farmer outside Montreal.In June 1700 he drowned while traveling in a canoe between Laprairie and Montreal. Michel Bisaillon was involved in fur trading between Detroit and New York, and eventually partnered with his brother <mask> in Pennsylvania trading. His association with the English

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 fur trade raised questions in Montreal about his loyalty to France. Hoping to clear his name with French authorities, Michel used his trade relationship with the Illinois Indians to mobilize their support for the French. At the beginning of the First Fox War in 1715 he led hundreds of Illinois warriors to aid the French in an attack on the Fox Indians. He was thereafter banned from trading in Pennsylvania and lived out the rest of his life in Laprairie. Some sources also refer to a Louis Bisaillon, a Claude Bisaillon, and a Richard Bisaillon.Career

Travels with Henri de Tonti
In February 1686 Pierre (<mask>) Bisaillon was one of twenty-five men who went with Henri de Tonti to search for René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle at the mouth of the Mississippi, but they could not locate him. They returned up the river and established the Arkansas Post, the first European settlement in the lower Mississippi River Valley, where traders would exchange French goods with the local Quapaw for beaver furs. They then returned to Montreal. Early business venture, 1687
In 1687 Bisaillon entered into a partnership with Gédéon Petit and the Sieur de Salvaye, (Pierre Salvaye Tremont) two coureurs des bois who were wanted by French authorities for breaking trading rules by trafficking with the English and so had transferred their operations to Albany from Montreal (where Salvaye had served as an ambassador and Petit had managed a brothel). In a letter from New York dated 4 July 1687, Governor Thomas Dongan wrote to a Seneca chief: I have given leave to Mr. Gideon & Salvay & his Company, being french that Run away from Canida, to goe up by ye way of Susquehanne & trade amongst ye Indians. They have my Passe & you must tell yr People to do them No harme being gone upon Discovery. The trading venture ended when their boat sank and their cargo was lost.In a letter from Pennsylvania Governor William Markham to Governor Francis Nicholson of Maryland on 26 June 1696, Markham says: I enclose to your Excellency what I


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 found among castaway papers. Basalion was in equal partnership with Petit and Salvay, though it went in only their two names, Basalion coming in after the others had provided for the voyage, and after the voyage was overthrown, I divided the left cargo, and Basalion had one-third. Partnership with Jacques Le Tort
About 1688 Bisaillon arrived in Pennsylvania, "poor and miserable," and joined the trading company of Jacques Le Tort, a Huguenot refugee. Le Tort was employed by the New Mediterranean Sea Company managed by Daniel Coxe and Matthias Vincent, who attempted to establish a colony of French Huguenots in East and West Vincent Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania and planned to create an empire in the Indian trade on the south shore of Lake Erie. The colony failed because Huguenot families did not want to move from Philadelphia to wild lands along the Susquehanna River, although Jacques Le Tort and his wife Anne established a homestead there. Vincent died in 1687 and Coxe sold the company to the London Company in 1692, but Bisaillon and other coureurs des bois went on trading in Pennsylvania. Bisaillon eventually went to work for the Pennsylvania Company and its manager Robert Quary.When a band of Shawnees came into Pennsylvania in 1694, Bisaillon met his old friend Martin Chartier, who had been on La Salle's 1679 expedition, but had mutinied and fled. He had married a Shawnee woman and assimilated into her band. By the late 1690s the Canadian fur trade network had become so well-developed that there was a glut of furs coming into Quebec, leading to a drop in prices. For a few years Bisaillon, Chartier and Le Tort ran a smuggling operation, bringing furs from Detroit to Albany and Pennsylvania, where the English paid a higher price for them. On 4 May 1696 Casperus Augustine Herman, son of Augustine Herman and Lord of Bohemia Manor, wrote to the Maryland  Provincial Council that "<mask> does now live at St. John's, in Chester County, Pennsylvania, but formerly lived thirty miles backwards


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 from any inhabitants, where he treated with the Indians, and was then reported that...Capt. Le Tort, a Frenchman, does now live back in the woods in the same place where the said Basilion formerly lived, and trades with the Indians." This indicates that Bisaillon decided to move out of the backcountry, closer to a town such as Downingtown, while his colleague Jacques Le Tort took over the direct trade with the Native Americans who supplied most of their furs.Legal problems in Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania authorities including William Penn suspected that Bisaillon and other coureurs des bois such as Le Tort and Chartier were spying for the French, that they were "very dangerous persons" who "kept private correspondence with the Canida Indians and the French," who "entertained strange Indians in remote and obscure places," and who "uttered suspicious words." They were harassed, arrested and imprisoned, often on false or minor charges. Conspiracy trial, 1693-04
In response to rumors that Canada was preparing for an invasion, Mrs. Anne Le Tort, <mask>illon, and a man named Captain Dubois were accused on 19 December 1693 before the Provincial Council of Pennsylvania of having carried on a secret correspondence in the year before with "the strange Indians called the Shall-Narooners (Shawnees) and the French of Canada." The accusation, by Thomas Jenner and Polycarpus Rose, stated that Bisaillon's servant had left a packet of letters from <mask>, wrapped up in a blue linen cloth, which was then picked up by "James the Frenchman." She stated that "a certain Indian king" had told her that <mask>illon had said to him that "they were not like to hold the land much longer, for that they were not satisfied for it." Another witness testified that "there had been Severall letters & powders sent to Canada by <mask>ilion." This was presented as evidence of conspiracy.Bisaillon, Mrs. Le Tort and Dubois were imprisoned by Pennsylvania authorities on charges of conspiring with local tribes and with the coureurs des

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 bois to seize control of Pennsylvania territory. After an investigation, Anne Le Tort was released but Bisaillon and Dubois were tried. They were eventually released on condition that they report to the Provincial Governor any hostile movement on the part of the French of which they had knowledge. As an added precaution, they were under constant surveillance. Trafficking indictment, 1701
In 1701, William Penn and the Council considered the case of "<mask> [and his brother, probably Michel], who have been suspected to be very dangerous persons in their traffic with the Indians, in this troublesome conjuncture of affairs." The Council decided "that it was absolutely necessary the said two Frenchmen should be confined, and restrained from inhabiting or trading amongst the Indians."<mask> was indicted on charges of "trafficking with the savages," which was an attempt to pressure him into obtaining a formal trader's license issued by the Province of Pennsylvania. Espionage charges, 1702
In 1702 Robert Quary, Surveyor General of the Customs for New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and a former employer of <mask>illon, accused Bisaillon of having been sent to Pennsylvania from Quebec as a spy, and informed the Provincial Council that "the French are settling themselves on the back of Pennsylvania, about four days journey from New Castle, and...offered this Article to show the danger of the Country for want of a due provision for their defence." At a hearing in London on 9 June 1702, Jacques Le Tort, Bisaillon's business partner, testified in Bisaillon's defense, describing their long friendship after Bisaillon's arrival in the Province:

M. Le Tort, a Frenchman, who has lived many years in that country, was heard, at Mr. Penn's request. He said that ...<mask>, the pretended [spy], came to Pennsylvania poor and miserable, and hath been helped by him [Le Tort] and other Refugees to work for their living...having lived there about...13 or 14 [years]. Confiscation of goods, 1708
In 1703 <mask> was granted a

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 license to trade with the local tribes after making a deposit of five hundred pounds, guaranteeing his "loyalty to the province." He was obliged to give security bonds several times between 1700 and 1711. In 1708, Bisaillon's goods were seized by the Admiralty Court in Philadelphia, by order of the Admiralty Judge Robert Quary, who still suspected him in his dealings with the French and Indians.On 24 June 1708 James Logan wrote on his behalf to William Penn:

...<mask> who has long traded here, and behaved himself well last year had some Indian goods seized by the collector because imported by a foreigner...At his earnest request, I took his bond for it, everybody exclaiming against the severity for though a Frenchman, he had been very faithful, and believing that upon his application and thy knowledge of the matter, thou would not touch with it. For these nine months past, he has been out with Michel in quest of the mines, and in the meantime, unhappy, had another parcel of a greater value seized, which are also condemned...and was sold by the admiralty. I know not what to do in such a point, but must crave thy direction. He is desirous if he stays here to procure a denization from England, in which it would be kind to be helpful to him, for he is useful and accounted very honest by those who trade with him. But I fear he will leave us and if provoked, is capable of doing much hurt. The mines referred to were supposed veins of silver ore reportedly discovered by the Swiss explorer Franz Ludwig Michel on the Potomac in 1707, and Michel engaged Chartier and James Le Tort as well as Bisaillon in several unsuccessful attempts to find them again. In October 1708 Bisaillon was granted permission from Logan (who controlled the commissioners of property) to build a house and plant fields "on any of the Lands above Conestoga not Possesst or made use by the Indians...paying One Deer Skin yearly for the privilege."Imprisonment, 1710
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 arrest was ordered by the Pennsylvania Assembly, and without Logan's protection, Bisaillon was jailed again in March 1710 on accusations of loyalty to the French and plans to incite the Indians against the English. Deputy Governor Charles Gookin stated that:
...he has been informed one <mask>, a French man and...a trader amongst the Indians at Conestogo, has lately spoken some suspicious words and committed some misdemeanors, whereupon he had caused his Effects to be seized, the better to oblige him to appear and answer unto what should be laid to his Charge...The said Bizalion should enter into a Recognizance with the Queen, in five hundred pounds...for the said Bizalion's personal appearance...and his good behavior in the meantime, which being done, his Effects to be restored to him. On August 22, 1711, after nearly eighteen months in jail, Bisaillon posted 508 pounds for bail and was ordered to appear at the next court session in Philadelphia. In 1712 Bisaillon was permitted to continue his trade with the Indians, once again with the assistance of James Logan, who had returned from England and wanted to establish a partnership with him. Affiliation with James Logan
In 1712 Bisaillon was offered a partnership with William Penn's secretary, James Logan, who was growing politically powerful while nearly monopolizing the Indian trade. Logan built a trading post at Conestoga township on the Susquehanna River and Bisaillon, Le Tort and Chartier became key players in Logan's trading organization, supplying most of the furs for Logan for several years. A license document dated 15 October 1714 grants Bisaillon 250 acres of land, "at Peshtang or any other Indian Town or Place on Sasquehannah within this Province," with permission to build any necessary buildings "during his Trade there or till further order shall be given herein by the Proprietor or his Commissioners provided alwayes that the said <mask> shall not act or proceed in any thing under colour hereof but by the free leave & approbation of

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 the Indians amongst whom he dwells or resides."After <mask>'s brother Michel became involved in military activities against Indian tribes supporting the English in 1715, Logan felt compelled to replace his French traders with English colonials. Bisaillon and Chartier went on to establish trading posts in Paxtang, Pennsylvania. Chartier died in 1718. James Logan maintained a good friendship with Bisaillon until the end of his life, and in 1719 he asked Isaac Taylor to survey land as a gift for Bisaillon and his wife, on the Susquehanna River near Conewago Creek. Seven hundred acres was surveyed for Martha Bisaillon, and <mask> built a home there. Logan's letter to Taylor says, in part:

 Loving ffriend. Thou wilt receive from <mask>izaillon himself the warrants on orders for surveying a thousand acres of land to his wife and her brother, in executing of which I doubt it will be difficult to reconcile his and Anne Le Tort's expectations, but I request thee to use thy endeavours.<mask> will talk high, but generally harkens to reason. However, his and M. Combs' conveniency are principally to be regarded, tho' on the other hand I am very desirous the old gentlewoman should have some land that she may be fixed, and leave something to her grandchildren. Pray see that it be laid out of a sufficient depth; I think a mile and a half or a quarter, at least, is little enough, but this is left to thee, and thou art by no means to produce or mention this letter...Keep this wholly to thyself. Thy real friend, J. LOGAN. A letter in French from James Logan to Bisaillon, dated 22 November 1725, mentions Logan's promise to visit Bisaillon's niece and discusses a land deal with James Le Tort, indicating Logan's ongoing friendship with Bisaillon. Fluent in several Native American dialects, Bisaillon was employed as an Unami language interpreter for the Lenape at conferences in Philadelphia in 1717, 1720, 1721, and 1728 (together with Nicholas Scull II). He retired shortly afterwards on his estate of over 700 acres

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 near Conoy Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.Marriage and family
In 1727 he married Martha Combe (1691-1764) from Pennsylvania. She also occasionally served as an interpreter during conferences between local tribes and the provincial authorities. They apparently had no children, although a letter dated 27 August 1701 exists, written to <mask> from Jahanna Beselion, daughter of Jahanna Sioute, claiming him as her father and begging his acknowledgement. It is unknown what his response was. Some sources state that Bisaillon married a Native American woman, possibly of the Piscataway tribe, in 1697. She is referred to as Marie Thérèse Kouaga or Marie Thérèse Osunesa. She is mentioned only once in official records, but not by name, when she was asked to interpret in May, 1704: "Two Onondagoe Indians were again called to receive their answer and <mask>zillion's wife being in town, who understands their language well, was also called to interpret."Death
He died on 18 July 1742 and, as he had no children, his property went to his wife's nephews. He names eight slaves in his will. He is buried in East Caln Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. Legacy
Bisaillon's trade route, one of the first roads in the area, which probably followed some well-traveled Indian trails, became known as "Old Peter’s Road." It dated from 1707 near Bareville to 1712 near Conoy Township, and ran from the Susquehanna east through Chester County, Delaware County and Downingtown to Philadelphia along what is now Pennsylvania Route 340. "Bezalion's Cave," a cave used by Bisaillon to store furs and traps, was located on the west bank of the Schuylkill River, near what is now Spring City, Pennsylvania. It appears on several eighteenth-century maps of the area.The cave was very likely filled in during the construction of the Schuylkill Canal in 1825. External links

References

Canadian explorers
French emigrants to pre-Confederation Quebec
1660s births
1742 deaths
Immigrants to New France
Fur traders
American

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<mask> (born 9 December 1972) is a retired French tennis player from Tahiti. Successful in both singles and doubles, he had an unusually long professional career, with many of his accomplishments coming toward the end of his career, and he is popular among spectators and other players alike for his winning demeanor and shot-making abilities; he is also one of a rare breed of player who plays two-handed on both the forehand and backhand sides. Owing to his longevity on the tour and consistent ranking, <mask> holds several ATP records: the most career wins over top ten opponents for a player who never reached the top ten (40), the most French Open appearances (20), tied with Feliciano López, and the third-most appearances in singles competition at Grand Slam events (70) behind Roger Federer (79) and Feliciano López (75). He also has the second-most losses in singles play behind López (444). In singles, <mask> won six titles, but reached the quarterfinals at a Grand Slam only once. His career-high ranking of world No. 17 belied his impressive record against top ten opposition.He had greater success in doubles competition, with two Grand Slam doubles titles, one mixed doubles title, and 25 doubles championships overall to his name. Since March 2019, <mask> has been the coach of Canadian tennis player Milos Raonic. Career overview

Juniors
After having lost in the early rounds of the 1988 Jr French Open and 1988 Jr US Open, <mask> won the 1989 Jr French Open. He also had a semifinal appearance in the 1989 Jr US Open. He reached a career-high junior ranking of No. 3. Junior Grand Slam results - Singles:

Australian Open: A (-)
French Open: W (1989)
Wimbledon: 3R (1989)
US Open: SF

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 (1989)

Pro tour

When <mask> successfully defended his 2007 title by winning the 2008 Newport tournament at the age of 35, he became the oldest tennis player to win back-to-back championships at an ATP singles event.In addition, <mask> won what was, at the time, the longest singles match in the open era: at the 2004 French Open, he beat fellow Frenchman Arnaud Clément in a 6-hour 33 minute first-round match (6–4, 6–3, 6–7(5), 3–6, 16–14). The record stood until John Isner defeated Nicolas Mahut at Wimbledon in 2010, but still remains the French Open record. As a singles tennis player, the 2006 Australian Open was <mask>'s only Grand Slam quarterfinal appearance. In singles play, <mask> defeated 18 players who were ranked world no. 1 at some time during their careers: Novak Djokovic, Jimmy Connors, Mats Wilander, Boris Becker, Stefan Edberg, Jim Courier, Andre Agassi, Pete Sampras, Thomas Muster, Marcelo Ríos, Gustavo Kuerten, Carlos Moyá, Pat Rafter, Juan Carlos Ferrero, Marat Safin, Lleyton Hewitt, Andy Roddick, and Roger Federer (against whom he has a 2–9 record). Against other former world no. 1 players, <mask> is 0–6 against Yevgeny Kafelnikov, 0–1 against Ivan Lendl, 0–1 against Rafael Nadal, and 0-2 against Andy Murray.<mask> is famous for his winning record against Marat Safin (7–2); Safin himself has said, "Being told I would play Santoro was being told I was to die." <mask> won the 2003 and 2004 Australian Opens doubles titles, partnering Michaël Llodra, a French compatriot, and was runner-up at the 2002 Australian Open, 2004 French Open and 2006 Wimbledon Championships. He also won the 2005 French Open mixed doubles title with Daniela Hantuchová. <mask> teamed with

masks: Santoro Santoro Santoro Santoro Santoro Santoro Santoro Santoro


texts: Michaël Llodra again to win the 2005 Tennis Masters Cup in Shanghai, a competition that included the top eight doubles teams in the world. In addition to his doubles prowess, <mask> is noted for his cheery attitude on court and his vast arsenal of trick shots, making him a crowd favorite and gaining him the admiration of his peers. In recognition of <mask>'s varied and innovative style of play, Pete Sampras has nicknamed him The Magician. <mask> plays with two hands on forehand and backhand, and though he is right-handed, often slices his forehand with his left hand.He attributes this to having used racquets of the same weight throughout his career, which were too heavy for a six-year-old starting off a career to hold with one hand. <mask> was fast around the court and was a skilled defensive player. With his participation in the 2008 Australian Open, he broke Andre Agassi's record in Grand Slam appearances over his career with a total of 62. <mask> retired at the end of the 2009 season at his hometown tournament at the 2009 BNP Paribas Masters in Paris (Bercy), losing his final singles match against James Blake and final doubles match against Johan Brunström and Jean-Julien Rojer while partnering with compatriot Sébastien Grosjean. <mask> came out of retirement for one tournament at the 2010 Australian Open in order to obtain the record for having played in Grand Slam tournaments in four different decades, logging a total of 70 appearances in Grand Slam tournaments. At 37, he was the oldest player in the ATP top 100, being ranked 68 when he entered this last tournament. He lost in the first round of the tournament – to Marin Čilić – ending his professional tennis career.He was

masks: Fabrice Santoro Santoro Santoro Santoro Santoro


texts:
 the first leader of the ATP Champions Race, winning the first tournament of the year in Doha in the year the race was introduced (2000). According to the ATP website, as of the 2019 Davis Cup Finals, Feliciano López has lost more singles matches (475) than any other professional player (active or not), surpassing the record previously held by <mask>. Overall, however, <mask> has won more than half of his matches, with a career record of 470–444. Personal life
<mask> is a big fan of the late French comedian Michel Colucci, better known as Coluche. <mask> has a daughter named Djenae. Since 2012, <mask> has featured as part of the television commentary and analysis team for British television channel ITV, at the French Open. Grand Slam finals

Men's doubles: 5 (2 titles, 3 runner-ups)

Mixed doubles: 1 title

Career finals

Singles (6 titles, 6 runner-ups)

Doubles (24 titles, 18 runner-ups)

Performance timelines

Singles

Doubles

Wins over top 10 players

References

External links

Australian Open (tennis) champions
French expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
French male tennis players
French Open champions
French Open junior champions
French people of Italian descent
French Polynesian people of Italian descent
French Polynesian tennis players
French tennis coaches
Hopman Cup competitors
Olympic tennis players of France
Sportspeople from Geneva
People from Tahiti
Tennis players at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Tennis players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Tennis players at the 2004 Summer Olympics
1972 births
Living people
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in mixed doubles
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's doubles
French Polynesian sportsmen
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in

masks: Santoro Santoro Santoro Santoro Santoro


texts:
<mask>  (19 March 1905 – 8 September 1984) was a British printmaker, painter, war artist and film director of Hungarian-Jewish, Italian, and Anglo-Irish descent. Early life and work
<mask> was born in 1905, at Dulwich, London, the son of the Hungarian cartographer and founder of Geographia Ltd, <mask> (1880–1958), and suffragette Isabelle Crowley (1886-1938). His sister was the artist, writer and publisher Phyllis Pearsall. He attended Shrewsbury House School and later Repton School until 1922, and from the following year studied at the Slade School of Fine Art under Henry Tonks. Later studies were at the Central School of Art and Crafts, London, the École des Beaux-Arts, Paris, and the Academia de San Fernando, Madrid. In 1925 he studied within life classes and as an engraver at Académie Julian and Académie de la Grande Chaumière, Paris. Following study, <mask> painted and produced intaglio prints in Spain, painted in Brussels, and in 1928 returned to work in Paris, and other parts of France, working entirely from life.While in France he developed a working relationship with Józef Hecht and Stanley William Hayter. During the early 1930s he exhibited in Paris galleries, becoming a member of the La Jeune Gravure Contemporaine, designed costumes and settings for ballet, and worked with composer Tibor Harsányi. He co-directed the short film La Joie de vivre with Hector Hoppin in 1934. Returning to Britain in 1934, <mask> worked on animated films, illustrated a 1929 edition of Jean Cocteau's Les Enfants Terribles and became an art director for London Films. In 1937 he returned to work in Paris. <mask> had married Villeneuve fashion artist Marcelle Marguerite Florenty in 1930; their children were Mary (b. 1935) and Jean-Pierre (b.1937). In 1940 he brought his family from France to England, to live at Flamstead, Hertfordshire. Second

masks:
Anthony Imre Alexander Gross
Anthony Gross
Alexander Gross
Gross
Gross
Gross


texts:
 World War
Through advocacy by Eric Kennington to the War Artists' Advisory Committee, <mask> was offered, and accepted, the role of an official war artist, and produced etchings and oil and watercolour paintings of English coastal defences and troop training. In 1941, with a temporary commission of captain, <mask> was attached to the 9th Army and painted within the Egyptian, Syrian, Palestinian, Kurdistan, Lebanese, and Mesopotamian theatres of war, sometimes accompanied by other war artists Edward Ardizzone and Edward Bawden, and later documenting the 8th Army's North African Campaign. From 1943 he transferred to India and Burma to witness the front line battle against the Japanese; these works were the subject of a one-man exhibition at the National Gallery when he returned to England. Later, in 1944 and 1945, an exhibition of 51 of these drawings, entitled India in Action, toured Australia, New Zealand and the United States. <mask> accompanied the D-Day invasion of Northern France, wading ashore near Arromanches at 2pm on D-Day.He sketched the beachhead landings and spent the night in a slit trench on the beach before moving inland the next day. <mask> recorded the devastation of Bayeux and Caen, and followed the Allied armies to Paris and then into Germany. He witnessed the meeting of American and Russian forces at the River Elbe on 25 April 1945. <mask> was, at the time, one of the many war artists who painted a portrait of General Montgomery. Post war
Following the war, <mask> returned to working in London, in Chelsea, Greenwich and Blackheath, while in the mid-1950s working partly in Le Boulvé. He produced lithographs for J. Lyons and Co., and illustrated editions of Wuthering Heights and The Forsyte Saga. In 1954 he designed the dust jacket for the first edition of Lord of the Flies.From 1948 to 1954 he was a life

masks: Gross Gross Gross Gross Gross Gross


texts:
 drawing tutor at the Central School of Arts and Crafts, afterwards becoming Head of Printing at the Slade School of Fine Art. From 1948 to 1971 <mask>'s work was exhibited in London and New York in one-man shows and as part of The London Group. In 1965 he became the first president of the Printmakers Council. He became an honorary member of the Royal Society of Painter-Etchers and Engravers in 1979, the same year being elected as an Associate of the Royal Academy; becoming a Senior Academician in 1981, and receiving an CBE in 1982. In 1965-66 <mask> was a Minneapolis School of Art visiting professor. Public collections
<mask>'s works held in public collections include the British Museum, Victoria and Albert Museum, University of Leeds, Leeds Museums & Galleries, Scarborough Art Gallery, Huddersfield Art Gallery, Imperial War Museum and the Tate Gallery, London, and the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford;
the National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne;
Graphische Sammlung Albertina, Vienna;
Auckland Art Gallery, New Zealand;
the South African National Gallery, Cape Town;
the Kunstmuseum, Basel;
the National Gallery of Norway, Oslo;
the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, Stockholm;
the National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa;
the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec, Québec;
the Cabinetto Nazionale delle Stampe, Rome;
the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam;
the Louvre and the Cabinet des Estampes, Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris;
the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Museum of Modern Art, New York, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, and the Smithsonian Institution and the National Gallery of Art, Washington DC, USA. His work was also part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1948 Summer Olympics.Bibliography
 Mayne, Jonathan, <mask> (1949. Art & Technics)
 Mayne, Jonathan, 'The Graphic Work of <mask>', in Image; 4 (1950 Spring), pp. 31–48
 Erskin,

masks:
Gross
Gross
Gross
Anthony Gross
Anthony Gross


texts:
 Robert, <mask> 8 Etchings (1956. St Georges Gallery Prints)
 <mask>, <mask>, Etching, Engraving and Intaglio Printing (1970. Oxford U.P.) <mask>, <mask>, Battle Lines (1981. Imperial War Museum)
 Graham, Rigby, <mask> (1988.Goldmark Gallery)
 Lee, Jane, <mask>: Paintings, Drawings and Prints (1989. Ashmolean)
 Herdman, Robin, The Prints of <mask>: Catalogue Raisonne (1991. Scolar Press; illustrated.) Colescot, Warrington, Progressive Printmakers: Wisconsin Artists and the Print Renaissance (1999. University of Wisconsin Press; illustrated)
 Ramkalawon, Jennifer, <mask> RA 1905-1984 - Early Paintings and Prints, A Centenary Exhibition (2005. Redfern Gallery, London)
 Windsor, Alan; Flemming, Rhiannon, <mask> RA 1905-1984: Paintings and Prints from the 1950s (2010. Redfern Gallery, London)

References

External links

 Works by <mask> in the Imperial War Museum (345 images at 3 June 2016)

 ; animated film by <mask> and Hector Hoppin (1934)

1905 births
1984 deaths
20th-century English painters
English male painters
20th-century British printmakers
Academics of the Central School of Art and Design
Academics of University College London
Alumni of the Académie de la Grande Chaumière
Alumni of the Académie Julian
Alumni of the Central School of Art and Design
British alumni of the École des Beaux-Arts
Alumni of the Slade School of Fine Art
English illustrators
English people of Hungarian-Jewish descent
British people of Irish descent
English people of Italian descent
British war artists
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
English film directors
English printmakers
Modern printmakers
Painters from London
People educated at Repton School
People from Flamstead
People from East Dulwich
Royal Academicians
World War II artists
British Army General List officers
British Army personnel of World War II
Olympic competitors in art

masks:
Anthony Gross
Gross
Anthony
Gross
Anthony
Anthony Gross
Anthony Gross
Anthony Gross
Anthony Gross
Anthony Gross
Gross
Anthony Gross


texts:
<mask> Schmidt, Crossballs, The Hotwives of Orlando, Carpoolers, Community, Lucky Louie, and Dr. Ken. Life and career
<mask> was born in Memphis, Tennessee and grew up in Flint, Michigan. <mask> was raised as a Jehovah's Witness during most of his youth. Later in life, after rejecting his Jehovah's Witness upbringing, <mask> was shunned by some members of his family. He began doing stand-up comedy and writing/performing with sketch comedy groups in Detroit before eventually joining the Second City Detroit's mainstage improv troupe. After writing and performing in three revues, he joined the Second City Chicago for two shows and then one revue at the Second City Toronto. At the time he was the only performer to have belonged to all three of the Second City's touring companies.<mask> was hired as a cast member and writer on Saturday Night Live for one season in 2000–2001. He was let go from the show over the summer hiatus, before the start of the 2001–2002 season, because Lorne Michaels wanted to hire four new cast members, but did not want to go over budget. <mask>'s best known work at SNL included the recurring sketch Rap Street (which he performed with Horatio Sanz) and his appearances on Weekend Update as Al Sharpton. In addition to SNL, <mask> has appeared regularly on a number of other sketch comedy programs, including HBO's Mr. Show, where he was a cast member during its final season. He was briefly a correspondent on The Daily Show in early 2000, had a recurring role as Officer Carter on Arrested Development and was

masks:
Jerry Charles Minor Jrmy
Minor
Minor
Minor
Minor
Minor
Minor


texts: one of the main cast members of Comedy Central's debate show parody Crossballs in 2004. He worked briefly as a writer and occasional performer on the short-lived FOX sketch series Cedric the Entertainer Presents. In 2006, <mask> was part of the main cast of the HBO series Lucky Louie, on which he played Louis C.K.'s neighbor, Walter. <mask> was praised for his Lucky Louie role in a 2006 issue of TV Guide, where he was given a "Cheers" in the magazine's Cheers and Jeers section. He was part of the cast of the 2008 ABC sitcom Carpoolers, playing the role of Aubrey and was a featured comedian on Lewis Black's Root of All Evil on Comedy Central. <mask> has also gained attention online in 2010, for his memorable appearances as "Cyber Thug" on the Comedy Bang Bang podcast, which was briefly spun off into its own podcast titled Cyber Thug Radio on the Earwolf network. For a number of years <mask> and comedian Craig Robinson had a comedy act where they performed as musical duo "L. Witherspoon & Chucky", with <mask> as smooth singing "L. Witherspoon" and Robinson as "Chucky", the keyboard player and back-up singer. They performed the act on several stand-up shows on Comedy Central as well as on Real Time with Bill Maher and Jimmy Kimmel Live!. <mask> has appeared in films such as I Love You, Man, Drillbit Taylor and Beer League, and had a small part in the 2003 movie Melvin Goes to Dinner directed by Bob Odenkirk.<mask> has made guest appearances on shows such as Curb Your Enthusiasm, Funny or Die Presents, Drunk History, The

masks: Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor Minor


texts:
 League, Nick Swardson's Pretend Time, Key & Peele, Jon Benjamin Has a Van, Last Man Standing, How I Met Your Mother, and Brooklyn Nine-Nine. In 2010, he co-starred as "Mighty Joe Jon the Black Blonde" in the second season of the Adult Swim series Delocated. <mask> has also had recurring appearances on comedy programs such as The Office as Brandon, Eastbound & Down as Jamie Laing, Community as <mask> the Janitor, The Hotwives as Rodney, Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt as Chris, and in the animated series Bob's Burgers as the voice of Officer Julia. He also co-starred as the voice of Denzel in the Comedy Central animated series Brickleberry. <mask> is now the co-host of The Cult Awareness Podcast that discusses Scientology, Jehovah's Witnesses, and other subjects. He stars as the lead in the satirical musical For the Love of a Glove, which portrays Michael Jackson's glove as a sentient being and the true cause of his many misfortunes. Characters on SNL
Grand Master Rap, co-host of the old-school rap music program Rap Street on BET.Terrell, the catty and effeminate security guard who works with conceited deskclerk Jackie (Maya Rudolph)
Willy Sluggs, a magician who performs less-than-spectacular magic tricks on his show Willy Sluggs' Eye Poppers

Celebrity impressions
Cuba Gooding Jr. (on SNL)
Jimi Hendrix (on SNL)
Al Sharpton (on SNL)
Miss Cleo (on SNL - cut sketch)
Nipsey Russell (on SNL - cut sketch: shown in 2001 SNL Halloween Special)
Puff Daddy (on VH1 Divas Live Aretha Franklin special)
Billy Dee Williams (on Mr. Show DVD

masks: Minor Jerry Minor


texts:
 audio commentary')
Bill Cosby (on Lucky Louie)
Ja Rule (on Jimmy Kimmel Live!) Chris Tucker (on Primetime Glick and The Martin Short Show)
Michael Winslow (on Showtime's The Offensive Show pilot)
Joseph Kony (on PoliPopTV viral video)
Boyd Tinsley (at UCB's The Midnight Show)
Steve Harvey (at UCB's Comedy Death-Ray)
Kanye West (at UCB's Comedy Death-Ray)
Ben Carson (at UCB's Decision Election 2016 All-Star Clusterfuck)

References

External links

<mask> on YouTube
In depth interview from November 12, 2007

1969 births
Living people
African-American male actors
American comedy musicians
American male film actors
American stand-up comedians
American male television actors
American television writers
American male television writers
Former Jehovah's Witnesses
Writers from Flint, Michigan
Male actors from Memphis, Tennessee
Male actors from Michigan
21st-century American male actors
20th-century American male actors
American sketch comedians
Actors from Flint, Michigan
Screenwriters from Michigan
Screenwriters from Tennessee
20th-century American comedians
21st-century American comedians
20th-century African-American people
21st-century African-American


texts:
<mask> (born 23 February 1988) is a Polish volleyball player, member of the Poland men's national volleyball team and Japanese team, Panasonic Panthers, participant at the Olympic Games (London 2012, Rio 2016), two–time World Champion (2014, 2018), 2012 World League winner, silver medallist at the 2011 World Cup. Personal life
<mask> was born in Wałcz, Poland. He has an older brother Błażej, who is also a volleyball player. He is married to Monika. On 23 February 2014 (Kubiak's 26th birthday) their daughter Pola was born. They also have a second child. Career
Before his career as an indoor volleyball player, <mask> played beach volleyball with Zbigniew Bartman.They won a gold medal at the European U18 Championship in 2004 and a silver medal at the World U18 Championship, also in 2004. Both <mask> and Bartman gave up playing beach volleyball. Clubs
<mask> made his debut in the Polish volleyball league during the 2005/2006 season. He played for three Polish clubs before moving to foreign leagues. In the 2008/2009 season, he played for Israeli club Hapoel Kiryat Ata. His career accelerated after good performances in the B squad of the Polish national team. After that he moved to Italian Serie A2 Volley Padwa.In the 2010/2011 season, he returned to the PlusLiga, specifically to AZS Politechnika Warszawska, where he played with Zbigniew Bartman again. He wanted to leave the Warsaw club in 2011, but the club stated that their contract was still

masks:
Michał Jarosław Kubiak
Michał Kubiak
Michał Kubiak
Kubiak
Kubiak


texts:
 valid and filed a lawsuit. Finally, Kubiak moved to Jastrzębski Węgiel. With this club, he won a silver medal in the World Club Championship 2011. In 2012/2013 season he won a bronze medal in the Polish Championships. In 2013/2014 the club advanced to the Final Four of the Champions League in Ankara and after defeating Zenit Kazan won the bronze medal. His team beat ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle in the last matches in the fight for a medal.Jastrzębski Węgiel, including <mask>, ended the season with a second bronze in the Polish Championships. In July 2014, a year before his contract was due to end, <mask> requested an early termination. The club agreed, and Kubiak was able to play for the Turkish club Halkbank Ankara for the season 2014/2015. Kubiak agreed with Jastrzębski Węgiel that after the end of the contract in Turkey, he would return to the Polish club. On 29 March 2015 he won the Turkish Cup with his team Halkbank Ankara. In the final match, his team beat Arkas Izmir 3-0 and Kubiak scored 11 points. After one season in Japan with the Panasonic Panthers, he renewed his contract until the end of the 2018/2019 season.National team
<mask> was first selected to represent the Polish national team by coach Andrea Anastasi in 2011. With the Polish team, he won three medals in 2011 - silver at the World Cup and two bronzes at the World League and the European Championship. He was a gold medalist at the World League 2012 in Sofia, Bulgary. On 16

masks: Kubiak Kubiak Kubiak


texts:
 August 2014 he was selected to the Polish squad at the World Championship held in Poland. On 21 September 2014 Poland won the title of World Champion 2014. On 27 October 2014 he received a state award granted by the Polish President Bronisław Komorowski, the Gold Cross of Merit for outstanding sports achievements and promoting Poland in the world. In November 2015 he was nominated for Polish Sports Personality of the Year by the Plebiscite of Przegląd Sportowy.He took 5th place in the list of 2015 Polish Sports Personality of the Year. On 30 September 2018 Poland achieved title of the 2018 World Champion. Poland beat Brazil in the final 3-0 and defended the title from 2014. Kubiak received an individual award for the Best Outside Spiker and he was one of the main players in the team. Controversies
In 2019, he made a comment against the Iranian people that led to his suspension by FIVB for six games. He said referring to the people of Iran: "The Iranians think they are great and the best and we are the worst. But I believe that they are fatal, malicious and damned people.For me, this nation doesn’t exist, even though they proudly call themselves Persians, not Arabs. Sometimes we have to play with them, but for me, they don’t exist." In response, Iran national volleyball team head coach, Igor Kolakovic addressed kubiak in an instagram post: “Dear Michal <mask>, you are the great volleyball player, but you have the right to make a


texts:
<mask> (, <mask>, , Ihor Borysovych Markevych; 27 July 1912 – 7 March 1983) was an avant-garde Russian Empire-born composer and conductor who studied and worked in Paris and became a naturalized Italian and French citizen in 1947 and 1982 respectively. He was commissioned in 1929 for a piano concerto by impresario Serge Diaghilev of the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo. <mask> settled in Italy during World War II. After the war, he moved to Switzerland. He had an international conducting career from there. He was married twice and had three sons and two daughters. Origin
He was born in Kiev, now the capital of Ukraine but at that time part of imperial Russia, to an old family of Cossacks starshyna who were ennobled in the 18th century.His great-grandfather Andrey <mask> was a Secretary of State at the time of Alexander II of Russia, Actual Privy Councilor in St. Petersburg and co-founder of the Russian Musical Society. <mask> was the son of pianist <mask> and Zoia Pokhitonova (daughter of painter Ivan Pokhitonov). The family moved to Paris in 1914 when he was two years old. They moved again to Switzerland in 1916 during World War I because of his father's failing health (he later died of tuberculosis). Pianist Alfred Cortot, perhaps the greatest French pianist of his time, recognized the boy's talent. He advised him at age 14 in 1926 to go to Paris for training in both composition and piano at the École Normale, where he studied piano under Cortot and composition under Nadia Boulanger. Career
Markevitch gained important recognition in 1929 when choreographer-impresario Serge Diaghilev discovered him and commissioned a piano concerto from him.In addition, Diaghilev invited him to collaborate on a ballet with Boris Kochno, a dancer and librettist. In a letter to the London Times, Diaghilev hailed <mask> as the composer who would put an end to 'a scandalous period of music ... of

masks:
Igor Borisovich Markevitch
Igor Borisovich Markevich
Markevitch
Markevitch
Igor
Boris Markevitch
Markevitch


texts: cynical-sentimental simplicity'. The ballet project came to an end with Diaghilev's death on 19 August 1929, but <mask>'s compositions were accepted by the publisher Schott. He produced at least one major work per year during the 1930s. He was rated among the leading contemporary composers of the time, even to the extent of being hailed as "the second <mask>", after <mask>. <mask> collaborated on the ballet score Rébus with Leonid Massine in 1931; and L'envol d'Icare in 1932 with Serge Lifar. Neither was staged, but both scores were performed in concert.L'envol d'Icare, based on the legend of the fall of Icarus, which <mask> recorded in 1938 conducting the Belgian National Orchestra, was especially radical, introducing quarter-tones in both woodwinds and strings. (In 1943 he revised the work under the title Icare, eliminating the quarter tones and simplifying the rhythms and orchestration.) Béla Bartók once described <mask> as "...the most striking personality in contemporary music..." and claimed him as an influence on his own creative work. An independent version of L'envol d'Icare for two pianos and percussion, which Bartók heard, is believed to have influenced the latter's own Sonata for 2 Pianos and Percussion. <mask> continued composing as war approached, but in October 1941, not long after completing his last original work, the Variations, Fugue and Envoi on a Theme of Handel for piano, he fell seriously ill. After recovering, he decided to give up the composition and focus exclusively on conducting. His last compositional projects were the revision of L'envol d'Icare and arrangements of other composers' music. His version of J. S. Bach's Musikalisches Opfer (Musical Offering) is especially notable.He had débuted as a conductor at age 18 with the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra. After presiding at the Dutch premiere of Rébus, Markevitch had studied conducting with

masks:
Markevitch
Igor
Igor Stravinsky
Markevitch
Markevitch
Markevitch
Markevitch


texts:
 Pierre Monteux and Hermann Scherchen. As a conductor, he was much admired for his interpretations of the French, Russian and Austro-German repertory, and of twentieth-century music in general. He settled in Italy, and during the Second World War was active in the partisan movement. He married and settled in Switzerland in 1947 following the war. He pursued his conducting career worldwide. He became permanent conductor of the Orchestre Lamoureux in Paris in the 1950s, conducted the Spanish RTVE Orchestra in 1965, the London Symphony Orchestra in 1966 and was also permanent conductor of the Monte-Carlo Philharmonic Orchestra.In 1970, after ignoring his own compositions for nearly 30 years, <mask> began to conduct his own music frequently, triggering its slow revival. His last concert was in Kiev, his birthplace. He died suddenly from a heart attack in Antibes on 7 March 1983, after a concert tour in Japan and Russia. Family
A great-great-grandfather, Mykola Markevych, was a Ukrainian historian, ethnographer, composer and poet. A great-grandfather, Andriy <mask>, was an activist, ethnographer, lawyer, philanthropist, and musician. His maternal grandfather was well-known painter Ivan Pokhitonov (1850-1923). His brother Dimitry <mask> became a noted musicologist and cellist.The Ukrainian <mask> (also spelled in Polish as Markiewicz) family is believed to have originated 300 years ago from a common paternal ancestor and his wife. Their ethnicity is disputed as Polish, Ukrainian, or Serbian, as the patronymic name is widespread among central European peoples. <mask> married Kyra Nijinsky (1913-1998), daughter of the great ballet dancer Vaslav Nijinsky and his wife Romola de Pulszky. they had a son Vaslav <mask> (b. 1936) before they divorced. Secondly, <mask> married Donna Topazia Caetani (1921-1990), the only child of Don Michelangelo Caetani dei Duchi di Sermoneta and his

masks: Markevitch Markevitch Markevitch Markevitch Markevitch Markevitch Markevitch


texts:
 wife, the former Cora Antinori. Cora Caetani ran the boutique of Jansen, the Paris decorating firm.Their son, Oleg Caetani <mask>, became chief conductor and artistic director of the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra in Australia. They also had two daughters together: Allegra (b. 1950) and Nathalie (b. 1951), and another son, Timour <mask> (1960-1962). Works

Compositions
Noces, suite for piano (1925)
Sinfonietta in F major (1928-9)
Piano Concerto (1929)
Cantate for soprano, male chorus & orchestra (1929–30) (text by Jean Cocteau)
Concerto Grosso (1930)
Partita for piano and small orchestra (1930–31)
Serenade for violin, clarinet and bassoon (1931)
Rébus, ballet (1931)
Cinéma-Ouverture (1931)
Galop for 8 or 9 players (1932)
L'envol d'Icare, ballet (1932); recomposed as Icare (1943)
Hymnes for orchestra (1932–33) (revised version 1980 with ad lib contralto and extra movement orchestrated from No. Birth centenary exhibition "<mask>itch compositeur et chef d'orchestre 1912/2012" Château de Chillon, Switzerland. Catalogue.References

External links

<mask> biography at Boosey & Hawkes
<mask> biography at Classical Composers Database
František Sláma (musician) Archive. More on the history of the Czech Philharmonic between the 1940s and the 1980s: Conductors

1912 births
1983 deaths

20th-century classical composers
20th-century Italian conductors (music)
20th-century Italian male musicians
École Normale de Musique de Paris alumni
French classical composers
French male classical composers
French male conductors (music)
French conductors (music)
Italian classical composers
Italian male conductors (music)
Mozarteum University Salzburg faculty
Naturalised citizens of Italy
Naturalized citizens of France
Male conductors (music)
20th-century Italian composers
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to France
French emigrants to Italy
20th-century French composers
20th-century French male

masks:
Markevitch
Markevitch
Igor Markev
Igor Markevitch
Igor Markevitch