texts: was created the Count of Yicheng. In 787, under the recommendation of the powerful chancellor Han Huang, <mask> was given the designation Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (同中書門下平章事), making him a chancellor de facto as well, and he was also given authority over the examination bureau. Believing Han to be overly harsh, although he was recommended by Han, he sternly rebuked Han for battering a low-level official to death, and thereafter, Han moderated his behavior somewhat.Meanwhile, he opposed Emperor Dezong's consideration of a former close associate, Bai Zhizhen (白志貞), for promotion, believing that Bai was a flatterer unfit for promotion. Emperor Dezong nevertheless promoted Bai while <mask> was away ill. When <mask> recovered, he offered his resignation, but Emperor Dezong turned it down. Later in the year, Emperor Dezong, despite the opposition of the major general Li Sheng, entered into a peace treaty with Tufan's chancellor Shang Jiezan (尚結贊). On the day that another major general, <mask> Jian, as Emperor Dezong's emissary, was set to formally sign the treaty with Shang at Pingliangchuan (平涼川), Emperor Dezong remarked to the officials at Chang'an that it was a fortunate time for the state. <mask> stated that he believed that he was worried because he found the Tufan to be untrustworthy, and Li agreed; Emperor Dezong, angry at their continued opposition to the treaty, rebuked them both. That night, however, reports from the general Han Yougui (韓遊瓌) arrived that Tufan forces had ambushed Hun and nearly captured him.Emperor Dezong, amazed

masks: Liu Liu Liu Hun Liu


type: original

texts:
 that <mask> had predicted this, had an imperial messenger deliver the report to <mask>. The next day, he stated to <mask>, "You are but a scholar. It is amazing how you were able to predict this so accurately." Meanwhile, because <mask> was willing to speak, his relationship with fellow chancellor Zhang Yanshang, whom Emperor Dezong trusted, became poor. On one occasion, Zhang sent an associate to state to <mask>, "You, lord chancellor, are greatly honored for your virtues. If you are more careful with your words in the imperial halls, you can stay chancellor for a long time." <mask> responded:

However, <mask> was soon offending Emperor Dezong, as Emperor Dezong liked people who spoke elegantly and implicitly.However, <mask> was straightforward and often used colloquialisms. He wanted to demote <mask> to be the secretary general for an imperial prince, but at the urging of fellow chancellor Li Mi, only demoted him to be Zuo Sanqin Changshi again. It was said that <mask> was humorous, and in his association with others he was not as arrogant as high level officials usually were. Several days after his removal as chancellor, he was touring with his old friends and did not appear at all upset over his removal. At that time, former chancellors Li Mian and Lu Han commented, "When we see Lord <mask> of Yicheng, we, in comparison, feel like overly constricted men." <mask> died in 789. Notes and references

 Old Book of Tang, vol.125. New Book of Tang, vol. 155. Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 228, 232, 233. 715 births
789 deaths
Chancellors under Emperor

masks: Liu Liu Liu Liu Liu Liu Liu Liu Liu Liu Liu Liu


texts:
<mask>. (June 30, 1905 – September 30, 1976) was a prominent American real estate developer. Through his development company Webb and Knapp — for which he began working in 1938 and which he purchased in 1949 — he developed a significant portion of the New York City urban landscape. Architects I. M. Pei and Le Corbusier designed structures for Zeckendorf's development projects. Early life
<mask> was born to a Jewish family in Paris, Illinois, the son of a hardware store manager. His family moved to New York City when he was three years old. He attended New York University but dropped out to work at the real estate company of his uncle, Sam Borchard. He soon left his uncle's firm to work for Webb & Knapp, a small New York building manager and brokerage.Career
Zeckendorf's most notable property acquisition, and potential development of a "dream city" to rival Rockefeller Center, was a  site along the East River between 42nd Street and 48th Street. In a now celebrated transaction in December 1946, the prominent architect Wallace Harrison and Nelson Rockefeller bought the site from him for $8.5 million ($ million in ) and Nelson's father John D. Rockefeller Jr. subsequently donated this land for the building of the United Nations Headquarters. <mask> also owned New York's famous Chrysler Building and the venerable Hotel Astor in Times Square. He purchased Chicago's famous Robie House in 1958, before transferring ownership to the University of Chicago. He developed two of I. M. Pei's early skyscrapers — the Mile High Center (now part of Wells Fargo Center) in downtown Denver, and Place Ville Marie in downtown Montreal. <mask> also partnered with Chicago real estate titan Arthur Rubloff to develop a stretch of Michigan Avenue into what Rubloff dubbed the Magnificent Mile. The Rubloff Company was eventually acquired by Prudential and subsequently has become a division of Berkshire Hathaway.The real estate tycoon and his company, Webb & Knapp, also were involved in theme park investment following the successful debut of Disneyland.

masks:
William Zeckendorf Sr
Zeckendorf
Zeckendorf
Zeckendorf


texts:
 <mask> came to know C.V. Wood, who first helped build Disneyland as a Disney employee and then developed theme parks in Colorado, Massachusetts, New York (on Zeckendorf's property) and Texas under his own Marco Engineering company. <mask> and his company enjoyed various connections to the Marco Engineering parks. In New York, Wood created and built Freedomland U.S.A. on marshland that had been owned by Zeckendorf since the early 1950s. The property was located in The Bronx, a borough of New York City. The park lasted just five years (1960-1964) and it was under various layers of management that included <mask> and his son. According to <mask> in a newspaper article that appeared during 1970, the theme park, unknown to the public at the time, served as a "placeholder" for the land to obtain variances that permitted the construction on the marshland of the world's largest co-operative housing project known as Co-op City.<mask>'s ownership of the land and his role in Freedomland are documented in the book Freedomland U.S.A.: The Definitive History (Theme Park Press, 2019). Deal with Spyros Skouras
In December 1958, Zeckendorf entered into a deal with Spyros Skouras, head of 20th Century-Fox, to purchase Fox's project to develop  of its historic backlot in Los Angeles, California, into a proposed  Century City. The studio had suffered a string of expensive flops, culminating in the box-office disaster Cleopatra (1963) and was in dire need of money. The project, conceived under the direction of Edmund Herrscher, the studio's director of property development, had been announced the first week of 1958, with construction said to begin in July 1958. However, construction did not start as promised, and rumors, later confirmed, circulated that developer Zeckendorf would take over the project by purchasing 20th's interest in the project for . The following March it was announced that construction would begin that month on the new headquarters for architect Welton Becket, chief architect on the project That did not occur either.

masks: Zeckendorf Zeckendorf Zeckendorf Zeckendorf Zeckendorf


texts: Zeckendorf hired New York public relations executive Tex McCrary to lend new life and visibility to the project.McCrary, in turn contracted with Los Angeles publicist Charles A. Pomerantz, well known in the entertainment industry, to come up with a campaign and execute it. Pomerantz turned to a young publicist he had hired, Worley Thorne, the only other publicist in the small firm, for suggestions. Thorne said he'd call friends in the press to assess their attitudes. Thorne learned that there was deep skepticism that the project would ever be built. 20th did not have the money, which is why they brought in Zeckendorf, but apparently Zeckendorf was unable to deliver even the $53-million purchase price, let alone $400 million. The California papers had already given a lot of publicity to Century City and, for them, any more coverage would just be re-hash in which they were not interested. Thorne reported to Pomerantz his opinion that the only way to restore credibility to the project was to actually "begin" construction, and Pomerantz went for the plan.Thorne called Herrscher and asked if there was some small building they could demolish with a bulldozer, to begin to "break ground" for the Becket building. Herrscher said there was a tin shack that was expendable and he'd make it available, as well as the bulldozer. McCrary and <mask>, Jr., vice-president of Webb & Knapp, also approved. Thorne said that it should be a large affair with the mayors of Los Angeles, Beverly Hills, and Santa Monica, plus politicians and other dignitaries, invited, as well as all the Southern California press. He and Pomerantz would find a star to "launch" the project by breaking a bottle of champagne on the shack prior to its being demolished. Later, they secured Mary Pickford for that task. It was all purely symbolic, since construction did not actually begin, but no one stated that openly, it was dramatic, and very successful.The Los Angeles Times devoted almost three full pages to its coverage of the event. Still lacking sufficient money, <mask>

masks:
William Zeckendorf
Zeckendorf


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 was forced to make  per day penalty payments to Fox. In 1960, <mask> solved his problem by partnering with Alcoa in a joint-venture relationship to finally build Century City, which by now had escalated to a  project. The new owners embraced the studio's conception of Century City as "a city within a city" with the arc-shaped, 19-story Century Plaza Hotel to be the centerpiece. This joint-venture marked an increasing interest by large corporations with land "surplus" in order to create housing communities, industrial parks and office buildings; marking the first movement from traditional industry into real estate investing. Bankruptcy
Before his company's bankruptcy in 1965, <mask> became the embodiment of glamorous real-estate dealmaking, which included developing Roosevelt Airfield, where Charles Lindbergh began his transatlantic flight, and helping to advance and develop Long Island University. From the start of his career <mask> had been able to use his dealmaking skills to acquire or build projects for which he lacked the funds, but in time the under-funding caught up with him, and "his overextended company crashed in a spectacular bankruptcy."Personal life
<mask> was married four times. His first wife was Irma Levy; they had two children: <mask> Jr. and <mask> Nicholson. They later divorced and she remarried to the music critic and historian Irving Kolodin. His second wife was Marion Griffin who died in 1968. In 1972, he married Alice Odenheimer Bache, widow of Harold L. Bache. They subsequently divorced and he married Louise Betterly Malcolm in 1975. On 30 September 1976, <mask> died in his residence on 65th Street and Park Avenue after suffering a stroke.Bibliography

See also
 L'Enfant Plaza
 Place Ville Marie
 Roosevelt Field shopping mall
 Zeckendorf Towers

References

External links

1905 births
1976 deaths
American real estate businesspeople
20th-century American Jews
Businesspeople from New York City
20th-century American businesspeople
People from Paris, Illinois
Businesspeople from Illinois
New York

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Zeckendorf
Zeckendorf
Zeckendorf
Zeckendorf
William Zeckendorf
Susan Zeckendorf
William Zeckendorf


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<mask> (born 1947) is a marine biologist and fisheries scientist, known for his work on conservation and natural resource management in the context of fisheries. He is currently professor of aquatic and fishery science at the University of Washington. He focuses on conservation, natural resource management, fisheries stock assessment and risk analysis, and advises several international fisheries commissions and agencies. Biography
<mask> has authored more than 200 peer-reviewed scientific papers, and several books. In 1992, <mask> coauthored Quantitative fisheries stock assessment with Carl Walters. In 1997, he coauthored The Ecological Detective: Confronting Models with Data with Marc Mangel. In 2012, he coauthored Overfishing: what everyone needs to know with <mask>.With Carl Walters, he jointly received the Wildlife Society award for best paper in fish ecology and management: Walters, C.J. and Hilborn R. 1976. "Adaptive control of fishing systems", Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 33(1): 145-159. In 2006, he shared the Volvo Environment Prize with Daniel Pauly and Carl Walters. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. In 2011, he received the Ecological Society of America's Sustainability Science Award for a 2009 paper with Boris Worm and others entitled Rebuilding global fisheries, Science 325:578-585. In 2016 he received the International Fisheries Science Prize at the World Fisheries Congress in Busan, South Korea.The award recognized his 40-year career of “highly diversified research and publication in support of global fisheries science and conservation,” according to a news release. His major areas of current and past research interest include "Bayesian analysis of decision making in natural resources, adaptive management of renewable resources, the dynamics of the Serengeti ecosystem in east Africa, the role of hatcheries in management of Pacific salmon, the ability of institutions to learn from experience, statistical methods in testing dynamic

masks:
Ray Hilborn
Ray Hilborn
Hilborn
Urike Hilborn


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 ecological hypotheses, the analysis of migration and dispersal from mark–recapture data, and the ecological dynamics of fishing fleets." Fisheries management research
In their research, Hilborn and Walters investigated the ways that dynamic models can be used to manage fisheries in order to maintain states of optimum equilibrium. In their paper, they examined the effectiveness of using the Ricker and Beverton-Holt models to estimate the potential yield of future generations by using data taken from prior generations. They addressed the problem that, in regards to fisheries, the parameters of the control system are often either varied or uncertain and the use of historical data becomes progressively more unreliable as it gets older. Variables, regarding these issues, include natural mortality and spawning rates as well the effects of human fishing, as a predator-prey relationship. Influenced by control theory, Hilborn and Walters modified the original models with various new formulae to create alternative models, in order to achieve more accurate predictions.They then identified “a series of alternative harvesting experiments… each of which would be reasonably certain to discriminate between the alternative models…” The development of these alternative models and harvesting methods has been invaluable in assessing the sustainability of the world's fisheries. <mask>’s research “aims to identify how to best manage fisheries to provide sustainable benefits to human society. This involves a combination of building data bases on how fisheries are managed and measures of their performance.” He has contributed extensively to The Ram Legacy database which “provides estimates of status indicators such as biomass, fishing mortality rates, and associated reference points, and is the most quantitatively robust source of fishery status available.” <mask>'s efforts attempt to strike a balance between resource sustainability for the environment and food and nutrition security for human beings. When

masks: Hilborn Hilborn


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 it comes to large scale management of fisheries, he contends that there is “no single solution, and what is appropriate for one community for a specific species may be totally different for another species or community” According to <mask>, successful management strategies involve a combination of limiting access to fisheries, maintaining biological productivity and the cooperation of all stakeholders involved. Controversy
In 2016 in a publicly posted 8-page letter to the President of the University of Washington, Greenpeace USA accused Dr. <mask> of conflict of interest in the conduct of his research about the effects of fishing on the health of fish populations. Greenpeace alleged that undisclosed research and consulting funding provided to Dr. <mask> from the seafood industry had influenced his research. <mask> denied the charges and was cleared after formal investigation by the University of Washington.In October 2017 the NOAA Assistant Administrator for Fisheries wrote an open letter to the journal Marine Policy  about a published paper co-authored by Tony J. Pitcher which suggested the U.S. exports to Japan a significant amount of seafood products from illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing (IUU). The NOAA letter said it "strongly objects to the authors’ claims regarding U.S. seafood exports to Japan and doubts the validity of the methodology used to make such estimates." In January 2019 it was reported that Marine Policy had retracted the study, and the article was formally retracted by the editor of Marine Policy in September 2019. The following month a revised version of the article was published in the same journal. In the same issue <mask> et al. contested the credibility of the estimates in the revised paper, on the grounds that, "their estimates are not substantiated by any known facts from the fishery". Pitcher et al.countered by saying that instead of relying solely on public information supplied by the fishery, they had used "necessarily confidential sources

masks:
Hilborn
Hilborn
Hilborn
Hilborn
Ray Hiborn


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 (over 120 interviews) [which described] the procedures being used in laundering 27 IUU fish products". Publications

 Hilborn, <mask> (2016) Of mice, fishermen, and food", ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil, p.fsw099. Hilborn, <mask> (2006) "Fisheries success and failure: The case of the Bristol Bay salmon fishery" Bulletin of marine Science, 78(3): 487–498. Hilborn, <mask> (2006) "Faith-based Fisheries" Fisheries, 31(11):554-555. Hilborn, <mask> (2007) "Moving to sustainability by learning from successful fisheries" Ambio, 36(4): 296-303. Ludwig D, Hilborn R and Walters C (1993) "Uncertainty, Resource Exploitation, and Conservation: Lessons from History" Science, 260(2):17. Hilborn, <mask> (2006) "Defining success in fisheries and conflicts in objectives" Marine Policy, 31(2) 153–158.Prince J and Hilborn R (2003) "The Development of Industry Based Sustainability" Surveys for the Californian Sea Urchin Fishery Advisory Committee. <mask>, <mask> "Research in fisheries management: who decides, who pays, and how much" Advice to a commission. <mask> R, Stokes K, Maguire JJ, Smith T, Botsford LW, Mangel M, Orensanz J, Parma A, Rice J, Bell J, Cochrane KL, Garcia S, Hall SJ, Kirkwood GP, Sainsbury K, Stefansson G and Walters C (2004) "When can marine reserves improve fisheries management?" Ocean and Coastal Management, 47:  197–205. Full list of publications

Notes

References
 Areas of research

External links
 Greenpeace files complaint about UW fishery professor : "A Greenpeace investigation shows that a prominent American fisheries scientist took millions of dollars in funding from fishing industry groups without publicly disclosing it." Six thoughts about Greenpeace’s attack on <mask>: "Both the University of Washington and the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences have reviewed Greenpeace’s claims and concluded that Hilborn did not violate their disclosure policy."

. Canadian marine biologists
Living people
Fisheries scientists
1947 births
20th-century

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Ray
Ray
Ray
Ray
Hilborn
Ray
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Ray Hilborn


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<mask> (born 25 November 1953) is an English football manager and former player. <mask> has previously managed Darlington, Leicester City, Aston Villa, Stoke City, West Bromwich Albion, Hull City, Tranmere Rovers, Wrexham, and Jersey. As a player, he was a versatile forward who spent his entire playing career at Aston Villa. He made one appearance at International level for England as a substitute against Wales in 1975. Playing career
On leaving school in May 1969, <mask> signed for Aston Villa who would be relegated to the Third Division for the first and only time in their history in the following season. He played a full season for the Aston Villa Youth side and subsequently made his senior debut on 30 October 1971, in a 4–1 win over Blackburn Rovers in the Third Division at Villa Park. He only made two senior appearances that season but was a key player in Villa's FA Youth Cup winning side of 1972.By 1973–74, with Villa in the Second Division, he was a regular first team player. He made 247 appearances for the club and scored 60 goals, and made one full international appearance for England in 1975. He was part of Villa's League Cup winning teams of 1975 and 1977, scoring two goals in the second replay victory over Everton in the latter final, as well as helping the club climb from the Third to First Division in the early part of the decade, scoring 20 league goals in the 1974–75 season when they were runners-up and clinched promotion to the First Division. His playing career came to a halt in 1980 when he retired at the age of 26 due to a knee injury. The injury was discovered when <mask> was undergoing a medical at Villa's local rivals Birmingham City. This meant his intended transfer there was cancelled. He was a flamboyant forward who formed a particularly prolific partnership with Andy Gray.<mask> is regarded as an all-time great at Villa Park, and in 2007 he was named as one of the 12 founder members of the

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Brian Little
Little
Little
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Little


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 Aston Villa Hall of Fame. Coaching and managerial career
Although his playing career was over, <mask> remained on the Aston Villa payroll as youth team coach. When manager Tony Barton was sacked in the summer of 1984, <mask>'s contract was also terminated and he became first-team coach of Wolverhampton Wanderers. Wolverhampton Wanderers
<mask> was appointed caretaker manager of Wolverhampton Wanderers on 31 August 1986 as successor to Sammy Chapman. His appointment came at the end of the blackest spell in the club's history, when three successive relegations had dragged them from the First Division to the Fourth. He oversaw a steady start to the 1986–87 season before Graham Turner was appointed manager 36 days later. Middlesbrough
Shortly after leaving Wolverhampton, <mask> was recruited as a first team coach by Middlesbrough manager Bruce Rioch.Like Wolves, Middlesbrough were a financially troubled club and had narrowly escaped bankruptcy. <mask> was an important part of the club's coaching staff as Middlesbrough's form improved, and with two successive promotions they were in the First Division for the 1988–89 season. The season ended in relegation for Middlesbrough but in February <mask> left the Ayresome Park coaching staff and became manager of Darlington. Darlington
Darlington were bottom of the Football League in the Fourth Division. He was unable to prevent them from getting relegated to the Conference National but they were promoted back into the League at the first time of asking. 1990–91 brought more success for <mask> and Darlington as they won the Fourth Division championship. Leicester City
By this time, bigger clubs were taking an interest in the 37-year-old <mask> and in June 1991 Leicester City appointed <mask> as their replacement for Gordon Lee.The Foxes had just avoided relegation to the Third Division for the first time in their history and <mask> was seen as the right man to turn the club's

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Little
Brian Little
Little
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Little


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 fortunes around. At the end of 1991–92, Leicester came fourth in the Second Division and qualified for the promotion playoffs, the winners securing a place in the new Premier League. They overcame Cambridge United in the semi-finals and were drawn with Blackburn Rovers in the final. But their promotion hopes were dashed when Blackburn striker Mike Newell, a former Leicester player, scored a penalty which took the Lancashire side into the new league. At the end of the 1992–93 season, Leicester qualified for the playoffs again in the new Division One. They overcame Portsmouth in the semi-finals but in the final were 3–0 down shortly after half-time to Swindon Town. They fought back to bring the scoreline to 3–3, however Swindon scored a controversial late fourth goal from the penalty spot to progress to the Premier League.In 1993–94, however, Leicester won their third consecutive play-offs with a 2–1 win in the final against East Midlands rivals Derby County. In November 1994 <mask> returned to Aston Villa to replace Ron Atkinson. Leicester's first Premier League season was a difficult one and they were relegated in second from bottom place, with just six league wins all season. Earlier in the year, former Middlesbrough youth coach <mask> had been linked with a return to the Teesside club as manager following the departure of Lennie Lawrence, but the job went to Bryan Robson instead. Aston Villa
Eighteen months earlier, Aston Villa had finished runners-up in the first Premier League. When <mask> arrived they were at the foot of the division. A 1–1 draw with relegated Norwich City on the last day of the season meant that <mask> was successful in his bid to keep Villa in the Premiership.Under <mask>, young players like Mark Bosnich and Ugo Ehiogu were now getting more first team chances, but Villa also made a large number of new signings between November 1994 and August 1995, including Gary Charles, Ian Taylor, Mark Draper

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 and Savo Milošević. The new look Villa team gelled well, and 1995–96 was a successful season at Villa Park. The club finished fourth in the Premiership, reached the FA Cup semi-finals and won the Football League Cup with a 3–0 win over Leeds United at Wembley. Trinidad and Tobago striker Dwight Yorke had now firmly established himself as a potent goalscorer. Villa qualified for the 1996–97 UEFA Cup and although they were knocked out at the first stage by Swedish side Helsingborg, they qualified for the 1997–98 competition after finishing fifth in the Premiership. In February 1998, <mask> resigned after just over three years as Aston Villa manager, with the club in the bottom half of the Premiership, the club's next manager John Gregory turning results around. They finished the season high enough for a UEFA Cup place.Stoke City
<mask> was appointed manager of Stoke City in May 1998 and his appointment was met with approval from the club's supporters. Stoke in 1997–98 had moved from the Victoria Ground to the new all-seater Britannia Stadium but poor performances led to the side being relegated to the Second Division. <mask> arrived with the only objective was to gain an instant return to the First Division in 1998–99. Stoke began the season in fine form winning 14 of their first 20 matches and they sat well on top of the division. However their form completely fell away after Christmas and won just seven matches from the remaining 26 and ended up finishing in 8th position. One of those defeats was a 2–0 loss against nine-men Millwall, which <mask> described as "the worst result in my twelve years in management". In July 1999 <mask> resigned and stated: "I have tried my best and the disappointment is very hard to take.I hope the supporters understand that it's best that I leave". West Bromwich Albion
Before the 1999–2000 season was under-way, <mask> was back in employment as manager of West Bromwich Albion. The club were

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 languishing in Division One and had been outside the top division since 1986, but <mask> was unable to revive Albion's fortunes. In January 2000 the promising Italian midfielder Enzo Maresca was transferred to Juventus for £4 million as Albion battled against relegation. <mask> was sacked in March 2000 after just eight months in charge and replaced by Gary Megson. Hull City
In April 2000, just one month after leaving the Hawthorns, <mask> was appointed manager of Division Three strugglers Hull City. The Tigers were hit by huge debts and were locked out of Boothferry Park for one game by the landlord, former tennis player David Lloyd.By the end of the 2000–01 season, Hull had been saved from closure by new owner Adam Pearson, and the club's future looked brighter. They reached the Division Three playoffs, but lost to Leyton Orient in the semi-finals. In autumn 2001, following the dismissal of manager Peter Taylor, media reports suggested that <mask> was going to be approached by Leicester City about a possible second spell as manager, but the job went to Dave Bassett instead. By February 2002 Hull City looked well on course for automatic promotion from Division Three. But <mask> unexpectedly announced his resignation from the club, and under his successor Jan Mølby, the club's fortunes slipped dramatically and they could not even finish high enough for a play-off place. Tranmere Rovers
In October 2003, <mask> made a return to football management with Tranmere Rovers, who were in Division Two. His first season with the Merseyside club was a success.When he took over they were battling against relegation. But by the end of the season they had climbed up to eighth place and had reached the quarter finals of the FA Cup. He won the Second Division manager of the month award for April 2004. In his first full season as manager, he guided Tranmere to a third-place finish in League One but they lost in the playoffs to miss out on


texts:
 promotion. Tranmere began 2005–06 as League One promotion favourites, but at the turn of 2006 they were facing a relegation battle. The club only avoided relegation with one game to go and, due to the club's poor finishing position in League One, he left the club by mutual consent on 5 May 2006. Wrexham
Out-of-work <mask> was linked with a return to management with both Gillingham and Port Vale.However, in November 2007, <mask> took the reins at Wrexham, replacing <mask>. With five games remaining in the season the club were in the relegation zone, seven points off safety. They were relegated to the Conference on 22 April 2008 after a 2–0 loss at Hereford United. However, <mask> signed a two-year contract, promising to revive the club's fortunes. The 2007–08 season started well, with a 5–0 home victory against Stevenage Borough, the title favourites in the eyes of the bookies. however, a run of poor results followed, with Wrexham being left in the mid-table battle, only four points above the relegation zone and only keeping two clean sheets all season. Following a 3–0 home defeat against Rushden & Diamonds, <mask> left Wrexham by mutual consent.Gainsborough Trinity
On 28 August 2009, <mask> was appointed manager of Conference North side Gainsborough Trinity. The club had moved to appoint him following the recent dismissal of manager Steve Charles and the resignation of his coaching staff which included formerly appointed caretaker managers Dave Reeves and Steve Blatherwick. However, <mask> would not take charge of the club's away fixture the following day against Farsley Celtic after it was announced he would not take over from player/caretaker manager Adie Moses until 7 September. <mask> began building a squad of professionals at Trinity, picking up many players from the Football League and other ex-League players from the Conference National, but despite boasting a large squad of experienced players Trinity narrowly

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Brian Carey
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 avoided relegation to the Northern Premier League during the 2010–11 season. On 22 August 2011 following one win and two defeats in the opening weeks of the 2011–12 season, <mask> was sacked as manager of Trinity with Steve Housham taking over as caretaker manager. <mask> was appointed as the Jersey FA's Director of Football in November 2014, overseeing the work of first team manager Jimmy Reilly. Reilly went on to lead the islanders to their first Muratti Vase Final victory in four years the following May.Months later, Jersey announced their intention to join UEFA, and when Reilly stepped aside in early 2016 <mask> was appointed to replace him. <mask> won the Muratti in May 2016, but stepped down as manager the following month and reverted to his position as Director of Football; allowing him to concentrate on his commitments at Aston Villa. Career statistics

Club
Source:

International
Source:

Managerial statistics

Honours

As a player
Aston Villa
Football League Third Division: 1971–72
Football League Cup: 1974–75, 1976–77

As a manager
Darlington
Football Conference: 1989–90
Football League Fourth Division: 1990–91

Leicester City
Football League First Division play-offs: 1994

Aston Villa
Football League Cup: 1995–96

Individual
Premier League Manager of the Month: January 1995

References

External links

1953 births
Association football forwards
Aston Villa F.C. managers
Aston Villa F.C. players
Darlington F.C. managers
England international footballers
English football managers
English footballers
National League (English football) managers
English Football League managers
English Football League players
Gainsborough Trinity F.C. managers
Hull City A.F.C.managers
Leicester City F.C. managers
Living people
Premier League managers
Footballers from Newcastle upon Tyne
Stoke City F.C. managers
Tranmere Rovers F.C. managers
West Bromwich Albion F.C. managers
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. managers
Wrexham

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Jersey Little
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<mask> (born September 19, 1965) is an American politician and businessman. He has served as the junior United States senator for South Carolina since 2013. A Republican, <mask> was appointed to the U.S. Senate by Governor Nikki Haley in 2013. He retained his seat after winning a special election in 2014 and was elected to a full term in 2016. In 2010, <mask> was elected to the United States House of Representatives for , where he served from 2011 to 2013. <mask> served one term (from 2009 to 2011) in the South Carolina General Assembly and served on the Charleston County council from 1996 to 2008. <mask> is one of eleven African-Americans to have served in the U.S. Senate, and the first to serve in both chambers of Congress.He is the seventh African-American to have been elected to the Senate and the fourth from the Republican Party. He is the first African-American senator from South Carolina, the first African-American senator to be elected from the Southern United States since 1881 (four years after the end of Reconstruction), and the first African-American Republican to serve in the U.S. Senate since Edward Brooke departed in 1979. Early life and education
<mask> was born in North Charleston, South Carolina, a son of Frances (a nursing assistant) and <mask> Sr. His parents divorced when he was 7. He grew up in working-class poverty with his mother working 16-hour days to support her family. His older brother is a sergeant major in the U.S. Army. <mask> graduated from R.B. Stall High School.He attended Presbyterian College from 1983 to 1984, on a partial football scholarship; he graduated from Charleston Southern University in 1988 with a Bachelor of Science degree in political science. <mask> is an

masks:
Timothy Eugene Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Ben Scott
Scott
Scott


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 alumnus of South Carolina's Palmetto Boys State program, an experience he cites as influential in his decision to enter public service. Career
<mask>, who owns an insurance agency, <mask> Scott Allstate, worked as a financial adviser. Charleston County Council (1995–2009)

Elections
<mask> ran in a February 1995 special election for the Charleston County Council at-large seat vacated by Keith Summey, who resigned after he was elected mayor of North Charleston. <mask> won the seat as a Republican, receiving nearly 80% of the vote in the white-majority district. He became the first black Republican elected to any office in South Carolina since the late 19th century. In 1996, <mask> challenged Democratic State Senator Robert Ford in South Carolina's 42nd Senate district, but lost 65%–35%.<mask> was reelected to the County Council in 2000, again winning in white-majority districts. In 2004, he was reelected again with 61% of the vote, defeating Democrat Elliot Summey (son of Mayor Keith Summey). Tenure
<mask> served on the council from 1995 until 2008, becoming chairman in 2007. In 1997, he supported posting the Ten Commandments outside the council chambers, saying it would remind members of the absolute rules they should follow. The county council unanimously approved the display, and <mask> nailed a King James version of the Commandments to the wall. Shortly thereafter, the ACLU and Americans United for Separation of Church and State challenged this in a federal suit. After an initial court ruling that the display was unconstitutional, the council settled out of court to avoid accruing more legal fees.Of the costs of the suit, <mask> said, "Whatever it costs in the pursuit of this goal is worth it." In

masks: Scott Tim Scott Scott Scott Scott Scott Scott Scott


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 January 2001, the U.S. Department of Justice sued Charleston County, South Carolina for racial discrimination under the Voting Rights Act, because its council seats were based on at-large districts. DOJ had attempted to negotiate with county officials on this issue in November 2000. Justice officials noted that at-large seats dilute the voting strength of the significant African-American minority in the county, who in 2000 made up 34.5% of the population. They had been unable to elect any "candidates of their choice" for years. Whites or European Americans made up 61.9% of the county population. County officials noted that the majority of voters in 1989 had approved electing members by at-large seats in a popular referendum.<mask>, the only African-American member of the county council, said of this case and the alternative of electing council members from single-member districts:

I don't like the idea of segregating everyone into smaller districts. Besides, the Justice Department assumes that the only way for African-Americans to have representation is to elect an African-American, and the same for whites. Obviously, my constituents don't think that's true. The Department of Justice alleged that the issue was not a question of ethnicity, stating that voters in black precincts in the county had rejected <mask> as a candidate for the council. The lawsuit noted that because of the white majority, "white bloc voting usually results in the defeat of candidates who are preferred by black voters." The Department added that blacks live in compact areas of the county, and could be a majority in three districts if the county seats were apportioned as nine single-member districts. The Department of Justice won the

masks: Scott Scott


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 case.A new districting plan replaced the at-large method of electing the Charleston City Council. The federal court found that the former method violated the Voting Rights Act, following a lawsuit brought by the Justice Department. Committee assignments
 Economic Development Committee (Chair)

South Carolina House of Representatives (2009–2011)

Elections
In 2008, incumbent Republican State Representative Tom Dantzler decided to retire. With support from advisors such as Nicolas Muzin, <mask> ran for his seat in District 117 of the South Carolina House of Representatives and won the Republican primary with 53% of the vote, defeating Bill Crosby and Wheeler Tillman. He won the general election unopposed, becoming the first Republican African American State Representative in South Carolina in more than 100 years. Tenure
<mask> supported South Carolina's right-to-work laws and argued that Boeing chose South Carolina as a site for manufacturing for that reason. In South Carolina Club for Growth's 2009–10 scorecard, <mask> earned a B and a score of 80 out of 100.The South Carolina Association of Taxpayers praised his "diligent, principled and courageous stands against higher taxes." Committee assignments

 Judiciary
 Labor, Commerce and Industry
 Ways and Means

United States House of Representatives (2011–2013)

Elections

2010

<mask> entered the election for lieutenant governor but switched to run for South Carolina's 1st congressional district after Republican incumbent Henry Brown announced his retirement. The 1st district is based in Charleston, and includes approximately the northern 3/4 of the state's coastline (except for Beaufort and Hilton Head Island, which were included in the 2nd District

masks: Scott Scott Scott Scott


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 after redistricting). <mask> finished first in the nine-candidate June 8 Republican primary, receiving a plurality of 32% of the vote. Fellow Charleston County Councilman Paul Thurmond was second with 16%. Carroll A. Campbell III, the son of former Governor Carroll A. Campbell Jr., was third with 14%. Charleston County School Board member Larry Kobrovsky ranked fourth with 11%.Five other candidates had single-digit percentages. A runoff was held on June 22 between <mask> and Thurmond. <mask> was endorsed by the Club for Growth, various Tea Party movement groups, former Alaska Governor and Vice Presidential nominee Sarah Palin, Republican House Whip Eric Cantor, former Arkansas governor Mike Huckabee, and South Carolina Senator and Minuteman Project founder Jim DeMint. He defeated Thurmond 68%–32% and won every county in the district. According to the Associated Press, <mask> "swamped his opponents in fundraising, spending almost $725,000 during the election cycle to less than $20,000 for his November opponents". He won the general election against Democratic nominee Ben Frasier 65%–29%. With this election, <mask> and Allen West of Florida became the first African-American Republicans in Congress since J. C. Watts retired in 2003.<mask> also became the first African-American Republican elected to Congress from South Carolina in 114 years. 2012

<mask> was unopposed in the primary and won the general election against Democratic nominee Bobbie Rose, 62%–36%. Tenure

<mask> declined to join the Congressional Black Caucus. In March 2011, <mask> co-sponsored a welfare reform bill that would deny food stamps to families whose incomes declined to the point of eligibility because a family member was participating

masks: Scott Scott Scott Scott Scott Scott Scott Scott Scott


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 in a labor strike. He introduced legislation in July 2011 to strip the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) of its power to prohibit employers from relocating to punish workers who join unions or strike. The rationale for the legislation is that government agencies should not be able to tell private employers where they can run a business. <mask> described the legislation as a commonsense proposal that would fix a flaw in federal labor policy and benefit the national and local economies.The NLRB had recently opposed the relocation of a Boeing production facility from Washington state to South Carolina. <mask> successfully advocated for federal funds for a Charleston harbor dredging project estimated at $300 million, stating that the project was neither an earmark nor an example of wasteful government spending. He said the project was merit-based and in the national interest because larger cargo ships could use the port and jobs would be created. During the summer 2011 debate over raising the U.S. debt ceiling, <mask> supported the inclusion of a balanced-budget Constitutional amendment in the debt ceiling bill, and opposed legislation that did not include the amendment. Before voting against the final bill to raise the debt ceiling, <mask> and other first-term conservatives prayed for guidance in a congressional chapel. Afterward, he said he had received divine inspiration for his vote, and joined the rest of the South Carolina congressional delegation in voting No. Committee assignments
The House Republican Steering Committee appointed <mask> to the Committee on Transportation and the Committee on Small Business.He was later appointed to the Committee on Rules and relinquished his other two

masks: Scott Scott Scott Scott Scott


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 assignments. Committee on Rules
 Subcommittee on Rules and the Organization of the House

U.S. Senate (2013–present)

2012 appointment
On December 17, 2012, South Carolina governor Nikki Haley announced she would appoint <mask> to replace retiring Senator Jim DeMint, who had previously announced that he would retire from the Senate to become the President of The Heritage Foundation. <mask> is the first African American U.S. senator from South Carolina. He was one of three black U.S. Senators in the 113th Congress, alongside Mo Cowan and later Cory Booker (and the first since Roland Burris retired in 2010 after succeeding Barack Obama). He is the first African American to be a U.S. senator from the Southern United States since Reconstruction. During two periods, first from January 2, 2013, until February 1, 2013, and again from July 16, 2013, until October 31, 2013, <mask> was the only African-American senator.He and Cowan were the first black senators to serve alongside each other. News media reported that <mask>, Representative Trey Gowdy, former South Carolina Attorney General Henry McMaster, former First Lady of South Carolina Jenny Sanford, and South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control Director Catherine Templeton were on Haley's short list to replace DeMint. Of choosing <mask>, Haley said, "It is important to me, as a minority female, that Congressman <mask> earned this seat, he earned this seat for the person that he is. He earned this seat with the results he has shown." Elections
2014

<mask> ran to serve the final two years of DeMint's term and won. In January 2014 he signed an amicus brief in support of Senator Ron Johnson's legal challenge to the U.S. Office of Personnel

masks: Scott Scott Scott Scott Scott Scott Scott


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 Management's Affordable Care Act ruling. 2016

<mask> was reelected to a full term in office.He was endorsed by the Club for Growth. In July 2018, <mask> and Senators Cory Booker and Kamala Harris introduced a bipartisan bill to make lynching a federal hate crime. In February 2019, <mask> was one of 16 senators to vote against legislation preventing a partial government shutdown and containing $1.375 billion for barriers along the U.S.-Mexico border that included 55 miles of fencing. In April 2021, <mask> delivered the Republican response to President Biden's Joint Address to Congress. On May 28, 2021, <mask> voted against creating an independent commission to investigate the 2021 Capital attack. 2022

In August 2019, <mask> said, "I plan to run for reelection, but that will be my last one, if I run." Justice Act
<mask> led the drafting of a bill on race and police reform.Amid skeptical reactions from others in the black community he tweeted, "Not surprising the last 24 hours have seen a lot of 'token' 'boy' or 'you're being used' in my mentions" and "Let me get this straight ... you DON'T want the person who has faced racial profiling by police, been pulled over dozens of times, or been speaking out for YEARS drafting this?". <mask>'s 106-page Justice Act included:
Increased federal reporting requirements for use of force, no-knock warrants. Increased penalties for false police reports. Withhold funding for police departments that allow chokeholds when deadly force is not authorized. Grants for expanding police body cameras with penalties for failing to use them. Creates a database of police disciplinary records for use in hiring. Created a federal crime for lynching.Directed the Justice Department to

masks: Scott Scott Scott Scott Scott Scott Scott Scott


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 provide training on deescalation tactics and implement duty-to-intervene policies. The bill lacked provisions demanded by Democrats, including restrictions on qualified immunity. Nancy Pelosi called <mask>'s bill "inadequate", and said Republicans "understand that there's a need to get something done. ... They admit that and have some suggestions that are worthy of consideration—but so far, they were trying to get away with murder, actually—the murder of George Floyd." Senate Minority Whip Democrat Dick Durbin called the bill "token" legislation, although he later apologized to <mask>. Two Democrats and one Independent senator who caucuses with Democrats broke with the party to support <mask>'s bill, but ultimately Democrats used the filibuster to block it; it received 55 of the required 60 votes.Committee assignments

Current
 Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
 Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Protection
 Subcommittee on Housing, Transportation, and Community Development (Chairman)
 Subcommittee on Securities, Insurance, and Investment
 Committee on Finance
 Subcommittee on Energy, Natural Resources, and Infrastructure
 Subcommittee on Fiscal Responsibility and Economic Growth (Chairman)
 Subcommittee on Taxation and IRS Oversight
 Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions
 Subcommittee on Employment and Workplace Safety (Chairman)
 Subcommittee on Primary Health and Retirement Security
 Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship
 Special Committee on Aging

Previous
 Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation (2013–2015)
 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources (2013–2015)
 Committee on Armed Services (2018–2019)

Personal life
<mask> is


texts:
 unmarried. He owns an insurance agency and is a partner in Pathway Real Estate Group, LLC. <mask> is an evangelical Protestant. He has said that Steven Furtick's worship song The Blessing is what helped him make it through the COVID-19 pandemic. He is a member of Seacoast Church, a large evangelical church in Charleston, and a former member of that church's board. Views

Taxes and spending
<mask> believes that federal spending and taxes should be reduced, with a Balanced Budget Amendment and the FairTax respectively implemented for spending and taxes. Health care
<mask> believes the Affordable Care Act should be repealed.He has said that U.S. health care is among the greatest in the world, that people all over the world come to study in American medical schools, waiting lists are rare, and that Americans are able to choose their insurance, providers, and course of treatment. <mask> supports an alternative to the ACA that he says keeps its benefits while controlling costs by reforming the medical tort system by limiting non-economic damages and by reforming Medicare. In January 2019, <mask> was one of six senators to cosponsor the Health Insurance Tax Relief Act, delaying the Health Insurance Tax for two years. Earmarks
<mask> opposes earmarks. Economic development
<mask> supports infrastructure development and public works for his district. He opposes restrictions on deepwater oil drilling. He proposed the opportunity zone designation in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.Social issues
<mask> describes himself as pro-life. He supports adult and cord blood stem cell research, but opposes taxpayer-funded embryonic stem cell research and the creation of human embryos for experimentation. He opposes


texts:
 assisted suicide and same-sex marriage. Immigration
<mask> supports federal legislation similar to Arizona SB 1070. He supports strengthening penalties for employers who knowingly hire illegal immigrants. He also promotes cultural assimilation by making English the official language in the government and requiring new immigrants to learn English. He opposes a pathway to citizenship for undocumented immigrants.Labor
<mask> introduced a bill that would deny food stamps to families whose incomes declined to the point of eligibility because a family member was participating in a labor strike. Foreign policy
<mask> advocates continued military presence in Afghanistan and believes early withdrawal would benefit Al-Qaeda. He views Iran as the world's most dangerous country and believes the U.S. should aid pro-democracy groups there. <mask> opposed the 2011 military intervention in Libya. China
In November 2017, in response to efforts by China to purchase US tech companies, <mask> was one of nine cosponsors of a bill that would broaden the federal government's ability to prevent foreign purchases of U.S. firms by strengthening the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) to allow it to review and possibly decline smaller investments and add national security factors, including whether information about Americans would be exposed as part of transactions or whether a deal would facilitate fraud. Trade
In January 2018, <mask> was one of 36 Republican senators to sign a letter seeking to preserve the North American Free Trade Agreement by modernizing it for the 21st century. Police body cameras
After the shooting of <mask> (no relation), <mask> urged the Senate to hold hearings on police

masks:
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Walter Scott
Scott


texts:
 body cameras.Environment
In 2017, <mask> was one of 22 senators to sign a letter to President Donald Trump urging him to withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement. According to the Center for Responsive Politics, <mask> has received over $540,000 in political donations from oil, gas and coal interests since 2012. Judicial nominations

<mask> did not support the nomination of Ryan Bounds to the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, effectively killing the nomination. His decision was based on what he called Bounds's "bigoted statements he made as a Stanford student in the 1990s." Marco Rubio joined him in opposing the nomination shortly thereafter, prompting Mitch McConnell to drop the nomination. In November 2018, <mask> bucked his party in opposing the nomination of Thomas A. Farr for a federal judgeship.Farr had been accused of suppression of African-American voters. <mask> cited Farr's involvement in the 1984 and 1990 Senate campaigns of Jesse Helms, which sought to suppress black voters, and a 1991 memo from the Department of Justice under the George H. W. Bush administration that stated that "Farr was the primary coordinator of the 1984 'ballot security' program conducted by the NCGOP and 1984 Helms for Senate Committee. He coordinated several 'ballot security' activities in 1984, including a postcard mailing to voters in predominantly black precincts that was designed to serve as a basis to challenge voters on election day." Further explaining his vote, <mask> said the Republican Party was "not doing a very good job of avoiding the obvious potholes on race in America." In an editorial, the Wall Street Journal criticized <mask>, arguing that Democrats would see Farr's defeat as a "vindication


texts:
 of their most underhanded and inflammatory racial tactics." In a letter to the Wall Street Journal, <mask> said the publication was trying to "deflect concerns" about Farr's nomination. President Trump and race relations
In 2017, <mask> reacted to the Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville by acknowledging that "Racism is real.It is alive". Asked to comment on Trump's statement that there had been "good people" on both sides at the rally and that there was "blame on both sides" for the violence that ensued, <mask> said that while Trump had initially "rejected hatred, bigotry, and racism" in his "strong" comments on the ensuing Monday, his comments on Tuesday "started erasing the comments that were strong. What we want to see from our president is clarity and moral authority. And that moral authority is compromised when Tuesday happens. There's no question about that [...] I'm not going to defend the indefensible." Trump invited <mask> to meet with him on Wednesday, after which <mask> said that Trump "was very receptive to listening. That is a key to understanding", and that he had "obviously reflected on what he's said, on his intentions and the perceptions of those comments" which were "not exactly what he intended".<mask> called upon Trump to delete his tweets that attacked demonstrators against the murder of George Floyd. <mask> said, "Those are not constructive tweets, without any question. I'm thankful that we can have the conversation. ... We talked about the fact that there is a constructive way to have a dialogue with a nation in this similar fashion that we had a conversation after Charlottesville, the President will listen, if you engage him with the facts of the issue". <mask> also advocated


texts:
 that Trump delete his retweet of supporters chanting "White power", which he soon did. Electoral history

See also
 Black conservatism in the United States
 List of African-American Republicans
 List of African-American United States representatives
 List of African-American United States senators

References

External links
 Senator <mask> official U.S. Senate website
 <mask> for Senate

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1965 births
20th-century Christians
21st-century American politicians
21st-century Christians
African-American Christians
African-American members of the United States House of Representatives
African-American state legislators in South Carolina
African-American people in South Carolina politics
African-American United States senators
American evangelicals
Charleston Southern University alumni
Christians from South Carolina
Living people
Members of the United States House of Representatives from South Carolina
Members of the South Carolina House of Representatives
People from North Charleston, South Carolina
Real estate and property developers
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Republican Party United States senators
South Carolina Republicans
United States senators from South Carolina
21st-century African-American politicians
20th-century African-American

masks:
Tim Scott
Tim Scott


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<mask> ( , , ; born 3 July 1976) is a Brazilian-American mixed martial artist who has competed in Japan's Pride Fighting Championships and the American-based Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). He holds the record for the most wins, knockouts, title defenses and longest winning streak in PRIDE history. He is the former PRIDE Middleweight Champion and the 2003 PRIDE Middleweight Grand Prix Tournament Champion. He most recently competed for Bellator MMA in the light heavyweight and heavyweight divisions. Mixed martial arts career

Early career
<mask>'s aggressive style is rooted in street brawling, refined with elements of Muay Thai and kickboxing which he began learning at the age of 13 in Chute Boxe Academy in his hometown Curitiba. As a late teen he joined the Brazilian army and was quickly recognized for his fighting talents and rose up in the ranks. There he was asked to join Vale Tudo and Brazilian jiu-jitsu school.<mask> enlisted after already winning fight tournaments in his age group in Brazil. <mask> would develop scar tissue around his eyes from fighting in bare-knuckle vale tudo. <mask>'s first professional match was on 1 November 1996, in the bare-knuckle Brazilian Vale Tudo Fighting organization (BVF), where he knocked out Dilson Filho via right elbow at BVF 6. He fought in one other match in BVF, BVF 10 on 1 July 1997, against Marcelo Barbosa, who submitted due to a shoulder injury. <mask> fought six matches in four different International Vale Tudo Championship events, IVC 2, IVC 6, IVC 9 and IVC 10, from 1997 to 1999. He won five of these matches by KO/TKO, with his one loss being the result of a cut stoppage against Artur Mariano in the IVC 2 show on 15

masks:
Wanderlei César da Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva


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 September 1997. Though <mask> dominated Mariano with punches and knee strikes, the cut was above <mask>'s left eyelid and opened back up several times, partially because <mask> continued to use the cut side of his head to inflict many headbutts on Mariano over the course of the match.The doctor observed the cut several times before the fight was ended. <mask> culminated his IVC career by winning the promotion's Cruiserweight belt with a submission win over Eugene Jackson in the IVC 10 show on 27 April 1999. It was after this fight that <mask> earned the nickname "The Axe Murderer". <mask> participated in one Meca World Vale Tudo event, Meca 2 on 12 August 2000, where he knocked out Todd Medina with Muay Thai knees. Ultimate Fighting Championship
<mask> entered the UFC on 16 October 1998, at UFC Brazil: Ultimate Brazil, in a match against Vitor Belfort. The match was arguably the worst defeat of his career, lasting only 44 seconds and ending with <mask> being knocked down against the cage by Belfort's punches then being stopped by the referee. <mask> won his next UFC match on 7 May 1999, at UFC 20, in which he knocked out Tony Petarra with knees.On 14 April 2000, <mask> fought for the UFC Light Heavyweight Championship, but lost via unanimous decision to Tito Ortiz at UFC 25. Pride Fighting championships
<mask> debuted in PRIDE at the Pride 7 event on 12 September 1999, against Carl Ognibene (better known as Carl "Malenko"). <mask> used his strength to control Malenko from the ground, demonstrating his grappling expertise, coming very close to securing a guillotine choke and a rear-naked choke during round one, in addition to landing many powerful knees from the clinch.

masks: Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva


texts: <mask> continued to dominate Malenko en route to a decision victory. This dominance would set the tone for <mask>'s career in the organization. From 1999 to 2004, <mask> won eighteen-straight fights in PRIDE, excluding a draw against Mirko Cro Cop (under slightly modified rules in which if the match would go to the time limit, the bout would be declared a draw) and a no contest against Gilbert Yvel (<mask> accidentally kicked Yvel in the groin), giving him a twenty-fight unbeaten streak. <mask>'s reputation as a formidable MMA fighter grew as he developed a successful 5-year win record in the middle weight division (205 lb) of Pride.<mask> fought Japanese superstar Kazushi Sakuraba for the first time at Pride 13 - Collision Course on 25 March 2001. <mask> won via TKO (knees and soccer kick) at 1:38 into the first round. At Pride 17: Championship Chaos on 3 November 2001, <mask> won the inaugural Pride middleweight (205 lb) championship when he defeated Sakuraba for the second time. Sakuraba suffered a broken clavicle and was forced to withdraw after the first round, giving <mask> a TKO win via doctor's stoppage. The two fought for a third time on 10 August 2003 at Pride Total Elimination 2003, part of the PRIDE Middleweight Tournament. <mask> knocked out Sakuraba with a two punch combination at 5:01 into the first round. <mask> faced Quinton "Rampage" Jackson at Pride Final Conflict 2003 on 9 November 2003.<mask> won by TKO after delivering seventeen consecutive knees to Jackson. <mask> became Pride's 2003 tournament champion with the win. The two fought again on 31 October 2004 at Pride 28: High Octane. Jackson knocked <mask> down near the end of the first round and

masks: Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva


texts: mounted him as the bell rang. In round two <mask> caught Jackson with a counter right hand and followed up with knees from the thai clinch knocking Jackson out, successfully defending the Pride middleweight championship with the win. In Japan, <mask> additionally gained his reputation as a fighter who has never been defeated by any Japanese opponent, resulting in a trend of various Japanese fighters being arranged by Pride to face him. <mask>'s undefeated 5-year streak (18 wins, 13 knockouts) in PRIDE was broken by Samoan Heavyweight Mark Hunt, a K-1 champion on 31 December 2004 at the Pride Shockwave 2004 event.Hunt won the non-title match by split decision. The decision was controversial because some who felt that Hunt's weight of 280 lb (125 kg), over 80 lb more than <mask>, as well as <mask>'s performance in rounds two and three, had not been sufficiently considered by the judges in their decision; Randy Couture and Bas Rutten, both being commentators at the event, expressed disagreement with the judges decision. <mask> also took this fight on two days notice. Nonetheless, <mask>'s 2004 campaign earned him Fighter of the Year honors from both Sherdog and the Wrestling Observer Newsletter. <mask>'s former status as PRIDE Middleweight Champion first came under debate and criticism with his loss to Ricardo Arona (who subsequently lost the tournament to <mask>'s teammate, Mauricio "Shogun" Rua) on 28 August 2005 at Pride Final Conflict 2005. The loss, by unanimous decision in the tournament's semi-finals, was <mask>'s first defeat in a middleweight match in Pride; however, since it was not a title fight and held under special rules due to the grand prix format (2 rounds

masks: Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva


texts: instead of 3), <mask> was still recognized as the middleweight champion. A rematch between Arona and <mask> was scheduled to take place at the Pride Shockwave 2005 event on 31 December 2005.Mere minutes before the fight, <mask>'s teammate Cristiano Marcello had choked Charles Bennett unconscious in the locker room after a confrontation. Waking up, Bennett struck <mask> with an elbow strike knocking him down unconscious. Despite the incident, <mask> went on to win the fight by split decision. On 18 May 2006, Pride's parent company, Dream Stage Entertainment (DSE), announced that <mask> would replace Pride heavyweight champion Fedor Emelianenko in the Open Weight Grand Prix. Emelianenko's doctors stated that his hand, which had recently undergone surgery, would not be in good enough shape to fight because the metal implant would still be present. Because <mask> was also a champion, he received a first round bye and fought in the second round at Pride Critical Countdown Absolute, which took place on 1 July 2006. <mask> moved to the semi-finals of the Open Weight Grand Prix after defeating Kazuyuki Fujita by TKO (punches and soccer kicks) at 9:21 of round one.On 8 July 2006, at UFC 61: Bitter Rivals, UFC president Dana White announced <mask> would face Chuck Liddell in a UFC event held in November, provided Liddell beat Renato "Babalu" Sobral at UFC 62. Liddell did end up winning that fight. However, talks dwindled and the fight as advertised did not happen. On 10 September 2006, at Pride Final Conflict Absolute, <mask> <mask> was knocked out by Mirko Cro Cop in their rematch during the Heavyweight Grand Prix semi-finals. After a brief stoppage to tend to a swollen eye on

masks: Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Wanderlei Silva


texts:
 <mask>, "Cro Cop" struck <mask> in the head with a left kick, knocking him out. On 21 October 2006 at Pride 32: The Real Deal, Wanderlei issued his challenge to Chuck Liddell to a fight inside a Pride ring in February, when the promotion returned to Las Vegas, however Dana White stated that the fight would not be happening, citing <mask>'s recent KO loss to Mirko Cro Cop which would have not allowed the NSAC to clear him medically for the fight that soon after being knocked out. <mask> put his Pride middleweight title on the line against Dan Henderson, Pride's welterweight (183 lb) champion at Pride 33: The Second Coming, held on 24 February 2007, in Las Vegas, Nevada.In a night of upsets, Henderson knocked out <mask> in the third round with a left hook to become the new middleweight champion. <mask> was denied the ability to participate in Pride 34 due to medical suspension by the Nevada State Athletic Commission (NSAC) which made this his last Pride appearance. <mask> almost never lost under pure Pride rules at 205 pounds. Return to the UFC

On 17 August 2007, the UFC announced that they had signed <mask> <mask> to compete in the organization and that he would return to the Octagon on 29 December 2007 at UFC 79. After months of speculation about <mask>'s opponent, UFC President Dana White announced that Chuck Liddell would be <mask>'s opponent for his return match. The long-awaited match happened on 29 December 2007 at UFC 79 with <mask> losing to Liddell by unanimous decision. After the fight <mask> said, "Win or lose I like to give the emotion for my fans" He also added that he gave his best and promised that next time he will deliver a win.Keeping to his promise, on

masks: Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Wanderlei Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva


texts: 24 May 2008 at UFC 84 in Las Vegas, he earned a decisive KO win against Keith Jardine at the 36-second mark of the first round, earning him Knockout of the Night honors. When Jardine threw a kick, <mask> countered with a right-left-right combo that dropped him. <mask> then finished the fight with ground strikes to earn the knockout. At UFC 92, <mask> fought Quinton Jackson, who he had beaten twice previously in PRIDE. Jackson avenged his previous defeats by knocking <mask> out with a left hook in the first round. Following the fight, <mask> indicated that he would like to face Jackson again in the future. <mask> faced Rich Franklin at UFC 99 at a catchweight bout of 195 lb.After a hard-fought match on both sides, <mask> lost via unanimous decision to Franklin. During the second round, <mask> rocked Franklin hard with punches and almost finished the fight during that moment. This was counterbalanced by Franklin dropping <mask> three times in that round, each time with singular strikes. <mask> then announced he would be out of action until 2010, as he underwent facial surgery to repair his nose (which was broken during <mask>'s second fight with Cro Cop, and then repeatedly broken again in later matches) and remove some scar tissue from above his eyes to avoid bleeding and being easily cut open during future fights. The surgery allowed him to breathe through a once completely blocked nose thus increasing his oxygen intake by 30% by doctor's estimates. At UFC 110, announcer Joe Rogan emphatically stated that Wanderlei looked like a totally different person in the wake of his recent facial reconstructive surgery. <mask> made his middleweight (185 lb) debut during UFC 110

masks: Silva Silva Wanderlei Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva


texts: against Michael Bisping on 21 February 2010.During the fight Bisping was able to take <mask> down several times during the first round, however Wanderlei came back with a flurry of punches at the end of the first round, a tight guillotine choke in the second, and a right hook that dropped Bisping in the third. After three rounds of fighting, <mask> was awarded the unanimous decision victory (29–28, 29–28, and 29–28) and his first victory in almost two years. Although winning only one of his previous 6 bouts, he was slightly favored going into the fight as it was widely speculated that Bisping was apprehensive to fight toe-to-toe after being viciously knocked out by Dan Henderson on 11 July 2009 in UFC 100. After the fight, an emotional <mask> told the audience, "In your life you have bad moments. Everybody has bad moments, but if you believe in God and working hard, good moments they’ll come". <mask> attributed his success to working with his previous trainer Raphael Cordeiro. Bisping added, "Wanderlei's a great opponent ...I felt the reason he got the decision was the knockdown right at the end". <mask> was expected to face former K-1 HERO'S Light heavyweight Champion Yoshihiro Akiyama at UFC 116. However, on 22 June, <mask> had to pull out due to breaking three ribs during training. Akiyama would instead be fighting on the card, against Chris Leben. After Leben defeated Akiyama with a triangle choke in the third round Leben verbally called out <mask> saying "Come on Wanderlei, I'll take you out too" in his post fight interview. "He represented very well, he's a good opponent," said <mask> of "The Crippler." "I think if he's gonna wait that I'm gonna fight him next

masks: Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva


texts: however Dana White has not considered a <mask> fight happening anytime soon."<mask> underwent knee surgery in late July 2010 and his doctors had stated that he would need to wait at least 4 months before returning to training. This meant that he would not be seen fighting in the octagon again until early 2011. <mask> was scheduled to face Brian Stann at UFC 130. However, after <mask> voiced his reluctance to face Stann, he was replaced on the card by returning UFC veteran Jorge Santiago. On 4 April 2011, the UFC announced that <mask>'s next opponent would be Chris Leben with the two scheduled to meet at UFC 132. on 2 July 2011. During the fight's first round Leben won by KO with several uppercuts before following <mask> to the ground for a referees stoppage at the 27 second mark. When Dana White was asked about his thoughts on Wanderlei's possible retirement, he said he felt it would be the best time for Wanderlei to retire but in the end it is up to whether Wanderlei himself would like to fight again.<mask> would fight again after replacing an injured Vitor Belfort against former Strikeforce Middleweight champion Cung Le at UFC 139. Le managed to confuse <mask> with his unorthodox kicks, and landed a spinning backfist that dropped <mask>. During the second round, <mask> managed to shake Le with huge punches and knees that completely broke Le's nose. Le was stunned, bloody and fell to the ground, and the fight was stopped by the referee. Afterwards in the press conference, Dana White commented that it was a good stoppage and that Cung was taken to the hospital. <mask> and Vitor Belfort coached The Ultimate Fighter: Brazil  A rematch with Belfort was expected to take

masks:
Silva Leben
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva


texts: place on 23 June 2012 at UFC 147 but due to a broken hand Vitor Belfort had to withdraw from the match. <mask> faced Rich Franklin in a 190 lb catchweight at the event.Franklin and <mask> fought once before at UFC 99, where Franklin won via unanimous decision. Despite <mask> nearly finishing Franklin in the second round, the result was the same when the pair met for a second time at UFC 147, where Franklin again won by unanimous decision 49–46. In an interview with Sherdog asking about his future, <mask> said: "I want to either fight a catchweight bout at 198 pounds (90 kg) or at light heavyweight. At middleweight, I'm very hungry (laughs). Right now, I'm doing weight training and some shadow boxing. I'm kind of on vacation now, paying attention to the family, but next year the Wand is back." <mask> faced Brian Stann in a Light heavyweight bout on 3 March 2013 at UFC on Fuel TV 8.The fight was notable as it was <mask>'s return to the Saitama Super Arena, where Pride FC ran the majority of its shows. <mask> defeated Stann via KO in the second round in a bout that featured back and forth action, and earned both participants Fight of the Night honors. On 22 October 2013, it was announced that <mask> will be coaching The Ultimate Fighter: Brazil 3, against long-time rival Chael Sonnen. A bout with Sonnen, briefly attached to UFC 173, then at The Ultimate Fighter: Brazil 3 Finale, was expected to take place on 5 July 2014 at UFC 175. Dana White later stated the fight had to be moved back when <mask> injured his hand and back during a brawl with Sonnen that took place during filming of the show. <mask> was ultimately pulled from the fight entirely after he failed to submit an


texts:
 application to fight in the state of Nevada, as well as his refusal to undergo a random drug test and was replaced by Vitor Belfort. On 10 June 2014, it was later reported that Chael Sonnen failed a drug test and would not be allowed to fight on UFC 175 card, as a result of the failed drug test, Sonnen announced his retirement from the sport the following day.As a result of his refusal to submit to the drug tests, <mask> was given a lifetime ban and a $70,000 fine by the Nevada State Athletic Commission at their meeting on 23 September 2014. In May 2015, judge Kerry Earley overturned the lifetime ban that was imposed on <mask> <mask> by the Nevada State Athletic Commission. In January 2016, following an apology to the UFC about their "fight-fixed" [a.k.a. fight fixing] and retracting his statement, he was released from his UFC contract. This allowed  him to do whatever he wanted with his career. Rizin FF
Subsequent to his ban, <mask> competed in a tag team grappling match with Kiyoshi Tamura against former opponent Kazushi Sakuraba and Hideo Tokoro at an event on 17 April 2016 for startup regional promotion Rizin Fighting Federation. The official result of the match was deemed a draw.In July 2016, it was announced that <mask> would return to mixed martial arts competition in Japan as part of Rizin's 16-man openweight tournament beginning 25 September 2016 in Tokyo. <mask> was scheduled to face Mirko Cro Cop in a trilogy bout on 29 December in the Rizin Open Weight quarter finals. However, on 2 December, <mask> withdrew from the bout citing injury. Bellator MMA
In early March 2016, Bellator MMA announced that <mask> had signed a multi-fight contract with the organization.

masks: Silva Wanderlei Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva Silva


texts:
 The previous lifetime ban handed down by the Nevada State Athletic Commission was reduced to a three-year suspension retroactive to 24 May 2014. He was eligible for reinstatement beginning 25 May 2017. The ban would not prevent <mask> from competing at Indian Casinos or in Japan.After four years away from the sport, <mask> made his delayed Bellator debut against Chael Sonnen in the main event at Bellator NYC on 24 June 2017. <mask> lost a unanimous decision. On 25 June 2018, Bellator MMA announced that <mask> would face Rampage Jackson in a fourth match on 29 September 2018 at Bellator 206. He lost the fight via technical knockout in round two. On 29 September 2019, news surfaced that <mask>'s contract with Bellator had expired. Fighting style
<mask> is famous for his brutal, relentless style of Muay Thai, which was described as being "feral" and carrying "a terrifying ferocity". His main strength on the ring lays in his offensive striking skills, which see him overwhelming his adversaries with hooks, knee strikes, soccer kicks and stomps, as well as willingly taking any countershot in order to continue landing his own hits.He is also excellently skilled in attacking from the clinch, and in his prime, in using low kicks and effective jabs. Depending on the ruleset, and even in non-allowing ones, which brought some controversy, <mask> was also known for his usage of headbutts. Though his grappling expertise was initially considered inferior to his striking skills due to his preference for ground and pound, he enjoys a refined Brazilian jiu-jitsu transitional game. Personal life
<mask> and his wife have a son, Thor. He has a daughter from a previous relationship. On 26


texts:
 August 2012 <mask>'s father, Holando Pinheiro <mask>, died in a car accident in Brazil. In April 2016, <mask> became an American citizen.After years of living in the United States, <mask> moved back to his hometown, Curitiba in Brazil. In 2018, <mask> admitted that he has been bearing symptoms consistent with chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and has expressed a wish to donate his brain for research. On 8 October 2020, Sem Coleira, a Portuguese biography book about <mask> was published. Wand Fight Team
Wand Fight Team is a mixed martial arts training organization headed by <mask> <mask>. It was founded in 2009 in Las Vegas, with a former franchise in Pensacola, Florida. The Las Vegas location features several famous MMA Instructors, including, Leandro Lorenco (BJJ), Michael Costa (Muay Thai & MMA), Pete Martin (Kids Wrestling & Fitness) and Erik Perez

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Silva
da Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Silva
Wanderlei
Silva


texts:
<mask>  (born June 24, 1947) is an American-Canadian artist based in Toronto, Canada, who is known for her work as a photographer, performance artist and video producer. Using a range of media, <mask> explores topics including identity, beauty, gender and aging. She is regarded as a pioneering feminist artist and a staunch political activist. <mask> was born June 24, 1947 in Detroit, Michigan. She began her fine art studies at Wayne State University and Western Michigan University in Kalamazoo, Michigan from 1965 to 1968. During this period, she became involved with the anti-war and civil rights movements of the 1960s. She also witnessed the Detroit Race Riots of 1967.Soon after, in 1968 <mask> immigrated to Canada with her husband to escape the Vietnam War draft. Settling in Montreal, she found herself amidst social upheaval as a result of the Quiet Revolution. <mask> completed a Master of Fine Arts degree at Concordia University in 1980. <mask> taught at the University of Guelph from the 1980s until her retirement in 2008, when she was given the title Professor Emerita. Artistic impact
Using costumes, make-up and props, <mask> creates photo-based self-portraits, often by assuming new identities. Her adopted personas highlight the possibilities for deception involved in posing for the camera. An example is "Suzy Lake As Patty Hearst", a project <mask> made in collaboration with Bill Jones, featuring the artist as the eponymous Hearst.American artist Cindy Sherman has cited <mask>'s photo-performance as an influence on her work. <mask> <mask> has twenty-five portfolios of her artwork. Each deals with politics of gender, identity and beauty. She creates art to express how what she does relates to what she is or to what people think she is. She uses her photographs, videos,

masks:
Suzy Lake
Lake
Life Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Suzy
Lake


texts:
 and performances to draw attention to social norms and constraints. <mask> explained in an interview that she always uses herself in her art because this is how she develops understanding of social restrictions for women. <mask> uses art to control her own representation.Her earlier On Stage photos were influenced by Detroit. In these, <mask> photographed herself as a wife and mother but later she wanted to make work to reverse that . In Montréal, <mask> observed a marked power difference between genders, and she stated  that women have a "glass ceiling" that led to her Choreographed Puppet photos. More recently, <mask> introduced a new vision of beauty by displaying her older body in her portfolio entitled "Beauty and the Aging Body." Early work
<mask> lived in Montréal for about ten years. She taught at the Montreal Museum School (1969–1978) and was mentored by the Minimalist artist, Guido Molinari. She was active in the early conceptualist art scene there.In 1971, <mask> became a co-founder (with twelve other artists) of the artist-run gallery Véhicule Art Inc. <mask>'s work during this period was influenced by photo-based artists (including Les Levine) who were using the camera to represent an idea rather than documenting reality. This was also a period when <mask> began to concentrate on the subject of identity. In her 1973 series of photographs entitled A One Hour (Zero) Conversation with Allan B., she is the subject as the camera records her expression at various intervals of a candid conversation with a friend. To emphasize her expressions, <mask> used white face make-up. She then invited her friends and family to circle which of the photographs most represented her personality. In an interview in Magenta magazine, <mask> noted the influence of the political

masks: Lake Lake Lake Lake Lake Lake Lake Lake Lake Lake Lake


texts:
 climate of the 1970s on her work. She stated: "I know that I am a feminist, but I can see that my politics originated in human rights issues, civil rights, the FLQ in Quebec and race issues in the States."In 2006, Roberta Smith of the New York Times compared her work to that of Cindy Sherman; however, Thomas Micchelli, reviewing the feminist collection of the Vienna-based Verbund AG for Hyperallergic.com asserts that <mask> was an influence on the latter in school. The two artists were contemporaries in the 1970s and in 1975 Sherman invited <mask> to exhibit in a Hallwalls show in New York. From the mid-1980s until 1994, <mask> ceased appearing as the subject of her work as she turned her attention to more direct forms of camera activism. Among her notable works from this period is a series of photographs she created in collaboration with the Teme-Augama Anishnabai Band of Bear Island in Temagami, Ontario, to bring greater public awareness to their land claim. <mask> continues to make work about the female body, now focusing on ageing. She exhibits her work worldwide. Major exhibitions
<mask> was the subject of a comprehensive retrospective exhibition, Introducing <mask> <mask>, at the Art Gallery of Ontario in 2014–15 curated by Georgiana Uhlyarik.In 2016, she received the Scotiabank Photography Award. This resulted in another survey exhibition curated by Gaëlle Morel at the Ryerson Image Center (RIC) in Toronto, as part of the 2017 Contact Photography Festival. Honours
<mask> <mask> is a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts. In 2016, she was recipient of Governor General's Award in Visual and Media Arts. and the Scotiabank Photography Award. Gallery representation
She has been represented by Galerie Gilles Gheerbrant (1974–1977); Jared Sable Gallery (1976–1990),

masks: Lake Lake Lake Lake Lake Suzy Lake Suzy Lake


texts:
 and Paul Petro Contemporary Art (1995 – 2012). <mask> is currently represented by Georgia Scherman Projects, Toronto (2012 – ); Solway Jones Gallery, Los Angeles (2009 – ); Galerie Donald Browne, Montréal (2010 – ).Bibliography

Catalogues
 <mask> <mask>: Concealment/Revealment, (2006), Hallwalls Gallery, Buffalo, NY
 Attitudes et comportements, curator Jocelyn Fortin, <mask> <mask> (2002) ISBN TR647 L35 2002
 <mask> <mask>: Points of Reference by Martha Hanna (1993) ,
 <mask> <mask>: authority is an attribute, part II (1992) ,
 <mask> <mask>: are you talking to me? (1980) OCLC: N6545 V353
 For <mask> <mask>, Chris Knudsen, and Robert Walker (1978) OCLC: 83615339
 <mask> <mask> (1975)

Selected books/journals
 <mask> <mask>: Life & Work, by Erin Silver (2021) ISBN 978-1-4871-0247-0
Radical Gestures: Feminist Performance Art in the US and Canada, 1970's to c.2000, by Jayne Wark (2006)
 Carte Blanche, a compendium of Canadian photography (2006) ,
 Point & Shoot: Performance and Photography, France Chouiniere and Michele Theriault eds. (2005)
 Caught in the Act: An Anthology of Performance Art By Canadian Women, by Johanna Householder and Tanya Mars (2004) ,
 Faking Death: Canadian Art Photography since 1955, by Penny Cousineau-Levine (2003) ,
 From the Center: Feminist Essays on Women's Art, by Lucy Lippard (1976) ,

Selected exhibitions
 <mask> <mask>: Political Poetics, University of Toronto Art Centre
 Donna: Feminist Avant-Garde of the 1970s, from Sammlung Verbund, Vienna Galleria nazionale d'arte moderna, Rome
 Traffic: Conceptual Art in Canada, 1965–1980, Art Gallery of Alberta, Justina M. Barnicke Gallery, University of Toronto and the Vancouver Art Gallery
 Identity Theft: Eleanor Antin, Lynn Hershman and Suzy Lake, Santa Monica Museum of Art, Santa Monica,

masks: Lake Suzy Lake Suzy Lake Suzy Lake Suzy Lake Suzy Lake Suzy Lake Suzy Lake Suzy Lake Suzy Lake


texts:
<mask> MBE (born 30 November 1976) is an English former rugby union player who represented England and the British and Irish Lions. Lewsey is a former British Army Officer. Background and early life
<mask> was born in Bromley, London to Welsh parents, but spent most of his childhood in the rural Hertfordshire village of Sarratt and spent his early years at Sarratt Church of England primary school. He subsequently attended Watford Grammar School for Boys and then attended the University of Bristol on a British Army bursary, graduating in 1998, and lived in the same hall of residence as three-time Olympian sailor Iain Percy; he was able to graduate after obtaining special permission to take his final exams in Australia as he had been selected for England's 1998 "Tour of Hell" in the Southern Hemisphere. In 2009 he was awarded a Doctor of Laws (LL.D) honoris causa by the university. Military
Lewsey graduated from the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in 2001 and was commissioned as a troop commander into the Royal Artillery. However, after two years of combining the Army and a professional rugby career, he found that doing both became impossible, and he resigned his commission.Rugby career
While at school he played for the Amersham and Chiltern Rugby Football Club and also Fullerians RFC as a pupil of Watford Grammar Boys’ Grammar School. He first played for Wasps at eighteen in their Colts side, before being selected for their senior team. In that season he made his first appearance for England, in the U19s against Italy. During his time at university, <mask> combined his studies with playing professionally for Bristol RFC. He then rejoined London Wasps at the age of twenty one after completing his degree. He won his first full England caps in 1998 against New Zealand and then South Africa. In the following years, he was a member of the successful Wasps side that won 12 trophies, starting with the Tetley's Bitter Cup in 1999, in the final of which he scored a try.The following year Wasps retained the cup, and in the

masks:
Owen Joshua Lewsey
Lewsey
Lewsey


texts:
 2000 final he again scored a try this time against Northampton, having spent the morning at Sandhurst with his platoon on routine room inspection, block cleaning and parade drill. Amongst his 12 trophies at Wasps were four Premiership titles in 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2008. <mask> played in all four finals, and scored two tries in the 2003 final and one in the 2008 final. He also played in the victorious 2004 and 2007 Heineken Cup finals. After a good run of form with the national team, he scored 11 tries at the 2007 Middlesex 7s to help Wasps win their first Middlesex 7s title since 1993. He became the tournament's top try and points scorer. On 5 April 2009, <mask> announced that he would retire from Rugby at the end of the 2008/09 season.That year with Wasps he won Player of the Year, but was not selected for the 2009 British & Irish Lions team for the tour to South Africa. International
<mask> appeared for England in all three tests in the 2001 North American tour, and was a member of the England side that won the Hong Kong Sevens in 2002. He also represented England in sevens at the 2002 Commonwealth Games, opting to play in the tournament over touring Argentina with the National team. <mask> made his England home debut in the Six Nations Championship in 2003 after an injury to Jason Robinson. He scored twice in a 40–5 win over Italy. He followed this with the opening try in his next game against Scotland, and was part of the Grand Slam winning side. He had a key part in the tests against New Zealand and Australia on the June 2003 Southern-hemisphere tour.By then he was first-choice full-back, Jason Robinson having moved to wing. He was a part of the 2003 World Cup winning squad, and scored five tries in the 111–13 defeat of Uruguay. He was selected for the 2005 British & Irish Lions tour to New Zealand. He made an ideal start scoring two tries in the first five minutes against Bay of Plenty. Lewsey was widely viewed as a standout player for the Lions, despite the team's poor results. Lewsey continued to be an

masks: Lewsey Lewsey Lewsey Lewsey


texts:
 integral part of the England team at the 2006 Six Nations. Lewsey featured heavily in England's campaign to retain the Rugby World Cup in 2007, playing in every game en route to the final.He scored the only try against France in the 14–9 victory which put England into the last two. However, just before half-time in the same match he picked up a hamstring injury which ruled him out of the final. That semi final was to be his last game for England. England's coach Brian Ashton did not select <mask> for the England squad to compete in the 2008 Six Nations squad. However, he was called up for Martin Johnson's England Squad for 2008/2009, but was not selected to play. On 10 December 2009 <mask> announced his retirement from international rugby to concentrate on his club career, ending his time in the England set-up, which spanned more than 10 years and claiming 55 caps with 22 tries scored. Due to his parentage <mask> also qualified to play for Wales but chose to represent England as he had received a call-up from them first.His mother is from the Swansea Valley area while his father is half Welsh. Post playing career

<mask> pursued interests outside rugby. In 2005 he completed his Postgraduate diploma in Law. He also set up a leadership development and business consultancy, which looked to apply organisational performance lessons from sport and the military, into business. <mask> released his autobiography on 5 February 2009 titled One Chance: My Life and Rugby. In 2009 he joined PwC as a management consultant. In September 2011, Lewsey joined Citigroup Global Markets Ltd. as an equities sales trader.After a year in the role he undertook a review of the division's structural trading model, and was subsequently offered the role of Head of Business Advisory Services, EMEA. In 2017, Lewsey joined Ernst Young as People Advisory Services Leader in Asia-Pacific. Rugby administrator
In March 2013 having spent several years outside the world of sport, he took up a six-month position as Interim CEO at the Cornish Pirates.

masks: Lewsey Lewsey Lewsey Lewsey Lewsey


texts:
 During his time there, Lewsey pressed the need for the club to "represent its community" and "harness the power of the identity of Cornwall". On 30 August 2013, Lewsey was appointed Head of Rugby at the Welsh Rugby Union. After a comprehensive review, Lewsey embarked on a new strategy for the organisation of which a key initiative was support for the grassroots game, establishing School-Club Hubs to safeguard the future of rugby in Wales. By September 2014, the WRU had 43 schools participating in the scheme.By the second year it had increased to 93, which equated to most secondary schools in Wales. He resigned in November 2015, citing personal reasons which would prevent him from dedicating himself to the position full-time. Other interests

As an avid climber, in 2006 <mask> was given the summer off from international rugby and spent time climbing in the Himalayas reaching the base camp of K2. He did not inform his club of the expedition as he was sure they would object. In 2010 Lewsey and his friend Keith Reesby were unsuccessful in their attempt to climb to the summit of Mount Everest via the difficult North Col route. Both climbers were within 500 feet of the summit when breathing apparatus failure caused them to abandon the ascent. Lewsey admitted afterwards that he had "never felt so scared" as the two climbers attempted to descend from over 8500m without supplementary oxygen.References

External links
 Profile & Statistics on ESPNscrum
 Wasps profile
 <mask> interview at Southwesttrains.co.uk
 Sporting Heroes 12

1976 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Bristol
Bristol Bears players
British & Irish Lions rugby union players from England
English people of Welsh descent
English rugby union players
England international rugby union players
Graduates of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst
Wasps RFC players
Members of the Order of the British Empire
People educated at Watford Grammar School for Boys
Rugby union players from Bromley
Royal Artillery officers
Rugby union fullbacks
Rugby union

masks:
Lewsey
Josh Lewsey


texts:
Walter Wellesley "<mask><mask> (September 25, 1905 – January 15, 1982) was an American sportswriter. <mask>’s journalistic career spanned over five decades and his work influenced an entire generation of writers. In 1976, he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Commentary. Author David Halberstam called <mask> "the greatest sportswriter of two eras." Career
<mask> (he began calling himself "<mask>" <mask> as he loathed his birth name) was born in Green Bay, Wisconsin, on September 25, 1905. He attended Green Bay East High School, which was the site of home games of the National Football League's Packers until 1957. Throughout his childhood, <mask> enjoyed hiking, hunting, and fishing.After high school, <mask> moved on to the University of Notre Dame and graduated in 1927. After graduation, <mask> wrote letters to at least 100 newspapers asking for a job. Finally, he was picked up by the Milwaukee Sentinel. <mask> then worked for the  St. Louis Star as a sportswriter. This is where <mask> developed his humorous and literate style that made his writing so beloved and respected. After his stint in St. Louis, <mask> worked at the Philadelphia Record for nine years, from 1936 to 1945. After 18 years, <mask> joined the New York Herald Tribune in 1945.He cemented his reputation with the Herald Tribune, as his column, “Views of Sports”,  was widely read and often syndicated. <mask> wrote three or four columns a week that were printed by 275 newspapers in the United States and 225 in about 30 foreign nations. When the Herald Tribune folded in 1966, <mask> became a freelance writer. In 1971, at the age of 66, he was hired by The New York Times and wrote four columns a week for the next decade, sometimes devoting 18 hours a day to them. <mask> mainly wrote about the sports that interested him such as baseball, football, boxing, and horse racing. He had a distaste for basketball (which he called "whistleball") and hockey, and often wrote about one of his passions, fly

masks:
Red
" Smith
Smith
Smith
Walter Wellesley Smith
Red
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith