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<mask> (alternative spelling: <mask>; 14 April 1881 – 24 November 1950) was a Polish economist, historian, and Marxist revolutionary active in both Poland and Germany. <mask>'s key contribution to political-economic theory was his book, The Law of Accumulation and Breakdown of the Capitalist System, a study in Marxian crisis theory. It was published in Leipzig months before the Stock Market Crash of 1929. Early life and education
<mask> was born as <mask> into a relatively prosperous Polish-Jewish family in Kraków, Poland (then part of Austrian Galicia). Although his parents were assimilated into Krakow society, they nevertheless ensured their sons were circumcised and registered as members of the Jewish community. His father died at the age of 54 when Henryk was 15. He joined the socialist movement around 1898, becoming a member of the Social Democratic Party of Galicia (GPSD), an affiliate of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria.The GPSD, led by Ignacy Daszyński, was formally Marxist, but dominated by Polish nationalists close to the Polish Socialist Party (PPS). When the Ukrainian Social Democratic Party in Galicia (USPD) was formed in 1899, the GSPD became the Polish Social Democratic Party (PPSD) and the Polish nationalist current was strengthened. <mask> led the resistance of orthodox Marxists to this current. Along with Karl Radek, he was active in the socialist student movement, particularly in Ruch (Movement), which included members of the PPSD as well as of the two socialist parties in the Kingdom of Poland, the PPS and the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania (SDKPiL – led by Rosa Luxemburg

masks:
Henryk Grossman
Henryk Grossmann
Grossman
Grossman
Chaskel Grossman
Grossman


type: original

texts:
 and Leo Jogiches). He was the main figure in the newspaper Zjednoczenie (Unification), which took a line close to the SDKPiL, against the pro-PPS politics of Ruchs main organ, Promień for which he was censured by the PPSD and its newspaper Naprzód. During this period, <mask> learned Yiddish and became involved in the Jewish workers' movement in Kraków. <mask> was the founding secretary and theoretician of the Jewish Social Democratic Party of Galicia (JSDP) in 1905.The JSDP broke with the PPSD over the latter's belief that the Jewish workers should assimilate to Polish culture. It took a position close to the Bund, and was critical of the labour Zionism of the Poale Zion as well to assimilationist forms of socialism. The JSDP sought to affiliate to the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria (the General Party), but this was refused. However, the JSDP was active alongside the General Party, for example for universal suffrage. <mask> earned his Juris Doctor in 1908 from the Jagiellonian University. At the end of 1908, he went to the University of Vienna to study with the Marxian economic historian Carl Grünberg, withdrawing from his leadership role in the JSDP (although he remained on its executive until 1911 and had contact with the small JSDP group in Vienna, the Ferdinand Lassalle Club). With the destruction of the Austro-Hungarian empire at the end of World War I, <mask> became an economist in Poland, and joined the Communist Party of Poland.Career
From 1922 to 1925, <mask> was Professor of economics at the Free Polish University in Warsaw. He emigrated in 1925 to escape political persecution. The same year he was invited to

masks: Grossman Grossman Grossman Grossman Grossman


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 join the Marxian Institute for Social Research in Frankfurt by his former tutor Carl Grünberg. Hitler's accession to power in 1933 forced him first to Paris, and then via Britain to New York, where he remained in relative isolation from 1937 until 1949. In that year he took up a professorship in political economy at the University of Leipzig in East Germany. <mask>'s The Law of Accumulation and Breakdown of the Capitalist System(1929) despite being one of the first publications of the Frankfurt School was only made available in English translation in 1979 by Jairus Banaji, for an Indian Trotskyist organisation, the Platform Tendency. A recent edition is: .However, it is a condensed version and lacks the important concluding chapter of the German original. Contribution to theory
While at Frankfurt in the mid-1920s, <mask> contended that a "general tendency to cling to the results" of Karl Marx's theory in ignorance of the subtleties of "the method underlying Capital" was causing a catastrophic vulgarisation of Marxian thought, a trend which was undermining the revolutionary possibilities of the moment. The Law of Accumulation was his attempt to demonstrate that Marxian political economy had been underestimated by its critics and by extension that revolutionary critiques of capitalism were still valid. Amongst other arguments, it sets forth the following demonstration (for a complete definition of the terms employed, the whole book is recommended):

Logical and mathematical basis of the law of breakdown
Apart from the arithmetical and logical proofs that we have been given already, mathematicians may prefer the following more general

masks: Grossman Grossman


texts:
 form of presentation which avoids the purely arbitrary values of a concrete numerical example. Meaning of the symbols
 c  = constant capital. Initial value = co. Value after j years = cj
 v  = variable capital. Initial value = vo.Value after j years = vj
 s  = rate of surplus value (written as a percentage of v)
 ac  = rate of accumulation of constant capital c
 av  = rate of accumulation of variable capital v
 k  = consumption share of capitalists
 S  = mass of surplus value, being:

 Ω  = organic composition of capital, or c:v
(Correction with respect to <mask>'s text: From the formula below it follows that Grossman means by  Ω  the initial value of the organic composition of capital :)
 j  = number of years

Further, let

and let

Formula
After j years at the assumed rate of accumulation ac, the constant capital c reaches the level:

At the assumed rate of accumulation av, the variable capital  v reaches the level:

The year after (j + 1) accumulation is continued as usual according to the formula:

whence

For k to be greater than 0, it is necessary that:

k = 0 for a year n, if:

Note this line follows the German original in Das Akkumulations- und Zusammenbruchsgesetz des kapitalistischen Systems (zugleich eine Krisentheorie) because it is misspecified in the condensed English translation. The timing of the absolute crisis is given by the point at which the consumption share of the entrepreneur vanishes completely, long after it has already started to decline. This means:

whence n =

This is a real number as long as s > av

However, this is what we assume anyway throughout our investigation. Starting from time-point n, the


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 mass of surplus value S is not sufficient to ensure the valorisation of c and v under the conditions postulated. Discussion of the formula
The number of years n down to the absolute crisis thus depends on four conditions:
 The level of organic composition Ω. The higher this is the smaller the number of years. The crisis is accelerated.The rate of accumulation of the constant capital ac, which works in the same direction as the level of the organic composition of capital. The rate of accumulation of the variable capital av, which can work in either direction, sharpening the crisis or defusing it, and whose impact is therefore ambivalent. The level of the rate of surplus value s, which has a defusing impact; that is, the greater is s, the greater is the number of years n, so that the breakdown tendency is postponed. The accumulation process could be continued if the earlier assumptions were modified:
 The rate of accumulation of the constant capital ac is reduced and the tempo of accumulation slowed down. The constant capital is devalued which again reduces the rate of accumulation ac. Labour power is devalued, hence wages cut, so that the rate of accumulation of variable capital av is reduced and the rate of surplus value  s is enhanced. Finally, capital is exported, so that again the rate of accumulation ac is reduced.These four major cases allow us to deduce all the variations that are actually to be found in reality and which impart to the capitalist mode of production a certain elasticity ...

Much of the remainder of <mask>'s book is devoted to exploring these "elasticities" or counter-crisis tendencies, tracking both their


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 logical and their actual, historical development. Examples of each would include:
 Depressed interest rates, investment capital transferred to unproductive speculation, e.g. housing stock, art objects. Enlarged state sector bleeds value from the accumulation process via taxes. Wars destroy capital values. The reserve army of labour (unemployed) created to discipline wage claims. Imperialism

Personal life
<mask> lost his immediate family in the Holocaust.His wife Jana and his son Jan were murdered in Auschwitz in 1943. His return to Leipzig was considered in the newly formed German Democratic Republic to be a success for the regime, and he was nominated by the city of Leipzig in March 1950 for the National Prize 'for the totality of his scientific achievements in the area of scientific socialism', but did not win. He was plagued with ill health and died after suffering with prostate problems and Parkinson's disease. See also
 Reproduction (economics)
 Capital accumulation
 Crisis theory
 Tendency of the rate of profit to fall
 Surplus value
 Organic composition of capital

References

Further reading
 Kuhn, Rick (ed.) Henryk Grossman Works, Volume 2: Political Writings Brill, 2020
 Kuhn, Rick (ed.) Henryk Grossman Works, Volume 1: Essays and Letters on Economic Theory Brill, 2018
 Freudenthal, Gideon and Mclaughlin, Peter (editors) The Social and Economic Roots of the Scientific Revolution: Texts by Boris Hessen and <mask> Grossmann Springer 2009
 Grossman, Henryk The Law of Accumulation and Breakdown of the Capitalist System Pluto 1992
 Kuhn, Rick Henryk Grossman and the Recovery of Marxism Urbana and Chicago: University of

masks: Grossman Henryk


texts:
 Illinois Press, 2007. Grossman, Henryk [2017] Capitalism’s Contradictions: Studies in Economic Theory before and after Marx Ed.Rick Kuhn, Trans. Birchall, Kuhn, O’Callaghan. Haymarket, Chicago. Scheele, Juergen Zwischen Zusammenbruchsprognose und Positivismusverdikt. Studien zur politischen und intellektuellen Biographie <mask> <mask>s (1881–1950) Frankfurt a.M., Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Wien: Peter Lang, 1999. . External links
 <mask>, <mask>, The Henryk Grossman Internet Archive. A collection of <mask>'s writings.<mask>, Henryk Fifty years of struggle over Marxism 1883‐1932
 Harman, Chris, "Forgotten treasure: a new biography of Grossman", International Socialism, No. 114, Spring 2007. A review of Kuhn's Grossman biography. Heartfield, James, "Why Grossman still matters", Spiked Review of Books, No. 3, July 2007. Another review of Kuhn's <mask> biography. Kuhn, Rick, "Capital development", Socialist Review, No.245, October 2000. A short biography of <mask> <mask>. Kuhn, Rick, "Economic crisis and socialist revolution: <mask> <mask>'s Law of accumulation, its first critics and his responses", preprint version of an essay in Paul Zarembka and Susanne Soederberg (eds) Neoliberalism in crisis, accumulation and Rosa Luxemburg's Legacy: Research in Political Economy 21 Elsevier, Amsterdam 2004 pp. 181–22. A discussion of aspects of <mask>'s contribution to the Marxist theory of economic crisis. Kuhn, Rick, "<mask> Grossman and the recovery of Marxism", preprint version of an article in Historical Materialism 13 (3), 2005. On Grossman's contributions to and place in the history of Marxism.Kuhn, Rick, "<mask> Grossman –

masks: Henryk Grossmann Grossman Henryk Grossman Grossman Grossman Henryk Grossman Henryk Grossman Grossman Henryk Henryk


texts:
 Capitalist Expansion and Imperialism", International Socialist Review, No. 56, November 2007. On the relevance of <mask>'s analysis for understanding globalisation and the current crisis. "On <mask> <mask>, A Revolutionary Marxist: An Interview with Rick Kuhn", Radical Notes, 9 April 2007
 Mattick, Paul, "Economic Crisis and Crisis Theories", 1974. (The book places <mask>'s work in the context of other theories of economic crisis.) 1881 births
1950 deaths
Writers from Kraków
Jews from Galicia (Eastern Europe)
Polish Social Democratic Party of Galicia politicians
Jewish Social Democratic Party in Galicia politicians
Jewish socialists
Communist Party of Poland politicians
German economists
German Marxists
German communists
Polish economists
Polish Marxists
Polish communists
Marxian economists
Marxist theorists
Leipzig University

masks: Grossman Henryk Grossman Grossman


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<mask> () (20 October 1914 – 6 August 1981) was an Indian politician and a leader of the Communist Party of India. He was a member of the Rajya Sabha for five terms from West Bengal, from 3 April 1952 till his death. He was reelected in 1958, 1964,1970 and 1976. Early life
He was born on
October 20, 1914 at Itna in Mymensingh District of Bengal Province in British India (now Bangladesh). His father, <mask> was a rich landlord. Though
born in a wealthy family, <mask> hardly cared and
plunged into national movement at the age of 16, and
never looked back. He chose to remain a life-long
bachelor with single-minded devotion to the serviceof the country and the communist cause.<mask> <mask>: Outstanding Parliamentarian,
Builder of Communist Movement Bhupesh all along was a
brilliant student, educated at renowned Scottish Church College of the University of Calcutta and University College London He passed his F.A. and B.A. examinations of Calcutta
University from Behrampur detention
camp with distinction. In
Berhampur, he was in the
same cell for four years
as Sunil Mukherjee, a
founder of CPI in Bihar. In revolutionary and communist movement

Soon Bhupesh was
drawn into the magic
circle of national revolutionaries, joining the
revolutionary group
Anushilan headed by
Surendra Mohan Ghose. He also took an active
part in Civil Disobedience Movement, and was arrested several times: in
1930, 1931 and 1933, and was kept in detention till 1937. It was then that he came in touch with the
Marxist ideology.His father wanted Bhupesh to keep off politics, and as such wrote to the government requesting Bhupesh be sent to England for higher studies. Government agreeing, <mask> went
to

masks:
Bhupesh Gupta
Shri Mahesh Chandra Gupta
Bhupesh
Bhupesh
Gupta
Bhupesh


texts:
 England to study law and was called to the Bar from the Middle Temple, London. But in England he came in contact with the Communist Party of Great Britain and student movement, and turned a communist. He met a large
number of communists including Indian ones. <mask> returned to India in 1941 and devoted himself full-time to Communist Party of India. Initially he worked
in the underground headquarters of CPI. He was
also one of the founders
of the Friends of the Soviet Union (FSU) in
1941.As a member of Jana
Raksha Samiti, <mask>
did tremendous amount
of work during the Great
Bengal Famine of 1943. He also was a founder of
the People’s Relief Committee. He defended the
accused in Tebhaga
peasants’ movement of
1946. He also defended
the workers of Jamshedpur including of TELCO in 1946 in compulsory adjudication under the Defence of India Rules. During BTR period and in Parliament

<mask> went underground during the left sectarian adventurist period of BTR Line of 1948-50, which had done
much damage to the party. In 1947, he was elected
to the West Bengal Provincial Committee of the
CPI and was appointed
as chairman of the editorial board of party’s Bengali daily ‘Swadhinata’ in 1951. Since the CPI was declared illegal by the government, he was arrested in 1951 and detained till April, 1952.After the party decided to fight elections,
he was elected to the
Rajya Sabha in 1952. Since then he was its
member till his death, as
the longest serving
member. He was especially felicitated on June
22, 1977 on the occasion
of the 100th session of the
RS and its 25 years. He was closely associated with peace
movement and All India Peace and Solidarity Organisation (AIPSO).

masks: Bhupesh Bhupesh Bhupesh


texts:
 Newspapers in Kingston, Jamaica,
hailed him as the hero of
the Commonwealth Parliamentary conference after his speech on racism and apartheid in 1979. Positions in the party

<mask> <mask> was
elected to CC of the CPI
at its third Congress,
Madurai, 1953-54. He
was elected to the Polit
Buro for the first time at
Palghat Congress in
1956.After organizational restructuring at
Amritsar in 1958, he was
elected to central secre-
tariat, a position he held
till his death in 1981. He was the editor of New Age from 1954 to
1957 and from 1966 till his
death in 1981. Especially
on Sundays he would be
hammering away his
editorials and articles on
a vintage Remington
typewriter of 1937
brought from England. His last article was on the
Resolution of the CC CP
China meeting of July
1981, written from Mos-
cow. In this resolution
the CC CPC had criticized the socalled ‘cultural revolution’ in
China, holding Mao re-
sponsible for the
destruction. During the days of
Maoist ideological-political assaults from the
CPC and the consequent
split in CPI in 1964,
<mask> <mask> tried his
best to seek ways to
avoid split, and after
split, to bring about a
reconciliation. But his
efforts did not succeed.World Communist movement

<mask> <mask> was a
staunch internationalist
and a tireless crusader
against apartheid and
racism. He attended the
Bucharest preparatory
meeting of the International Communist
Conference (1957). He
was a member of the CPI
delegations at the 1957,
1960 and 1969 confer-
ences of World
Communist Movement. He was also a member of
CPI delegation led by
general secretary Ajoy Ghosh to Peking in 1959 and met Mao Tse-tung
(Mao Zedong). <mask>
<mask> was active in
World Peace

masks: Bhupesh Gupta Bhupesh Gupta Bhupesh Gupta Bhupesh Gupta


texts:
 Council. In
fact, the last conference
he attended was International Conference of
Solidarity with Syria and
Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) in
Damascus (1981). Condemning Chinese aggression

<mask>da demon-
strated that communism
is the best form of patriotism.His patriotic fervour was very much
evident when taking part in Rajya Sabha discussion on Defence of India Bill during Chinese aggression in 1962, he emphatically said: “I
declare on the floor of the
House that I do not know
of any Communist or a
trade-unionist of that sort
who is opposed to the
defence of the country or
who is in sympathy with
the aggression that has
taken place. If any-
body… went against
resolution and the patri-
otic position of the
country…, he would be putting himself outside
the pale of the Communist party and the movement. “

He was the symbol of the Marxist integration of patriotism and proletarian internationalism. Champion of rural labour and women
<mask> <mask> was a
great champion of the
weaker sections of soci-
ety: the Harijans, Adivasis, the khet mazdoors, women and
others. Both inside and
outside Parliament, he
utilised every opportunity to further their cause. He was happy when
Bharatiya Khet Mazdoor Union (BKMU) was formed in 1968 at Moga,
Punjab. In May, 1972, <mask> delivered inaugural address at the second conference of BKMU held at Mannargudi in Tamil Nadu.He demanded strict
implementation of minimum wages, regular employment and legislation to protect the
weaker sections and improve their living and
working· (e.g. Rajya
Sabha Debates, Decem-
ber 6, 1962) He said,
without improving the
lot of agricultural workers, all the talk about
rural development was
useless.

masks: Bhupesh Bhupesh Gupta Bhupesh


texts:
 In 1975, when the International Women’s Year began, he made an impassioned speech in
Parliament urging the
government to take concrete measures to improve the social status
and living conditions of
the vast majority of
women and not confine
to celebrations alone.” (In
RS, May 13, 1975) In this
speech, he observed:
“Emancipation of
women is not a sectarian
problem of emancipation of a section of the people. It is essentially a
problem of emancipation of womankind…the very foundation ultimately of our social life.”

On secularism and national integration
<mask> was in-charge of the
sub-committee of CEC
CPI on National Integration. He opined that
discrimination against
Harijans was an impor-
tant factor hindering
process of national inte-
gration. <mask> used
every possible forum to
raise his powerful voice
in the defence of the secu-
lar democratic set-up of
our country and for
strengthening national
integration. He was
party’s representative
and main spokesman in
the National integration
council for nearly 15
years.He stressed that
the fight against commu-
nalism was a matter of
our survival as a
civilised and forward-
looking society. He
meticulously worked
out concrete and con-
structive proposals for
meetings of NIC to defeat
the designs of such forces
and preserve secular set
up. At NIC held in
Srinagar in June, 1968, he
made an important sug-
gestion saying that in
case of lack of confidence
on the part of minority
community in a dis-
turbed area on any
official, he should prima
facie transferred imme-
diately. For breakdown
of communal peace in
any area, conduct of all
officials should be held
responsible. A powerful writer and speaker
He had eight books

masks: Bhupesh Bhupesh


texts:
 in
English to his credit,
namely: i) Freedom and
the Second Front; (ii)
Terror over Bengal; (iii)
Second Five Year Plan -
A critique; (iv) The Big
Loot: An Analysis of foreign exploitation in
India; (v) Why this Food
Crisis; (vi) Quit Commonwealth; (vii) India
and American aggression in Vietnam; and
(viii) Right reaction’s bid
for power. <mask>
wrote quite a few books
in Bengali also, for example: (i) Nehru Sarkarer
Swarup; (ii) Pak-Markin
Samarik Chukti 0 Markin
Samrajyabad; and (iii)
Kala Kanuner Rajatva. They reflect an eloquent
testimony to the intellectual height of <mask>
<mask>.He exhorted that the
Rajya Sabha should al-
ways be a “vibrant and
living institution” to
mirror the urges and aspirations of the people. For example, in a discussion in Rajya Sabha on
decision of the U.S. Government to resume arms
supply to Pakistan,
<mask> <mask> very
aptly remarked: “It is
quite clear that the United
States today wants to
build a new balance of
military power in our
region, and therefore
they are interested in
using Pakistan as a military base. So it should not
be taken as if only Pakistan is interested in
building up the arms race
and America is not or that
America is just a seller of
arms. .... The US imperialism knows very well
that unless India is brow-
beaten, curbed, menaced
and threatened, it would
not be possible for them
to have their domineering say in this region of
South Asia. Therefore,
they made us a special
target and that is why they
are supplying once again
arms to Pakistan. (<mask> <mask> in Rajya
Sabha, RS Debates, March
10, 1975)

He was often sarcastic
but never vulgar, brilliant in his argument but
humble, and was in his
elements when it came

masks: Bhupeshda Bhupesh Gupta Bhupesh Gupta Bhupesh Gupta


texts:
 to
questions pertaining to
the cause of the people.He was literally a champion of the toiling
millions and the greatest
defender of the downtrodden and the
oppressed. He never countenanced any single flaw of
the treasury benches and
had complete mastery
over parliamentary
rules and procedures. Nothing mattered to him
more than the supremacy
and dignity of the two
Houses of Parliament. <mask> <mask> was a
master of parliamentary
techniques, and used all
the possible openings:
special mentions, calling
attention, short notice
questions, haIf-an-hour
discussions, and ques-
tions, etc, to put across
his point of view. Besides, on major issues like
foreign policy,
President’s address,
Finance Bill, Appropriation Bill and discussions
on working of ministries,
he used to make excellent speeches laced with solid arguments. To give an illustration, on April 22, 1954, when Prime Minister
Jawaharlal Nehru stated
in Rajya Sabha that “It has
been the policy of Government for the last six years not to allow any
foreign troops to pass
through or fly over India”, it was <mask> <mask> who brought to
the notice of the House a
newspaper report saying
that on April 24, 1954, an
American ‘Globemaster’
carrying French troops to
Indo-China landed at
Dum Dum Airport and
then left after refuelling. He quoted another report
of April 27, 1954, stating
that a ‘Skymaster’ belonging to the French Air
Force landed at Dum
Dum and left for Indo-China.A few days later,
he again referred to a report which said that on May 12, 1954, a
‘Skymaster’ belonging to
the French Air Force had
touched down at
Calcutta and “36 French
soldiers lived for a few
hours in Grand Hotel in
Room Nos. 315, 320, 466
and 490,

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texts:
 and at about 3.30
a.m. in the early hours of
morning they left.” Ev-
erybody, friend and foe
alike, admired <mask>
<mask>’s masterly and
exceptional qualities as
a parliamentarian. He
was rightly referred to as
“the stormy petrel” of the
Rajya Sabha. Death
<mask> <mask> was
admitted in the Central
Clinical Hospital in Moscow in last week of June. He was operated for
stomach cancer on July
29, 1981. He was recovering but died of severe
heart attack in Moscow
on August 6, 1981. Prime Minister Smt.Indira Gandhi had said
on his demise, “…with
the death of Comrade
<mask> <mask>, the nation loses one of its most dedicated and eloquent
sons.”

<mask> <mask> was
widely mourned.References

Sources

Communist Party of India politicians from West Bengal
1914 births
1981 deaths
Rajya Sabha members from West Bengal
Scottish Church College alumni
University of Calcutta


texts:
<mask> (born June 30, 1958) is an American artist who has worked extensively over three decades for DC Comics and other companies, notably for DC's Vertigo imprint including the Fables series. Comics
Born in Brookline, Massachusetts, <mask> entered the comics field in the early 1980s with work for Heavy Metal and DC Comics. For the June 1983 issue of Heavy Metal he collaborated with Bhob Stewart and John Coffey on "Zenobia". Six months later, <mask> and Stewart teamed with Jim McDermott on "Symbiosis", also in Heavy Metal (December 1983). He drew the Green Arrow backup feature in Detective Comics in 1983-1984. McManus gained wider attention when he illustrated two issues of The Saga of the Swamp Thing written by Alan Moore. McManus worked with writer Todd Klein on Omega Men, creating Zirral and other characters for that series.He has drawn issues of Doctor Fate and Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight. He collaborated with Neil Gaiman on the "Fables & Reflections" and "A Game of You" story arcs in The Sandman. McManus' other Sandman credits include The Sandman Presents: Taller Tales and a pair of limited series about the witch Thessaly written by Bill Willingham. McManus' artwork for Marvel Comics includes Peter Parker: Spider-Man Annual '97 and Daredevil #351. In an interview, John Rozum, who scripted that issue of Daredevil, recalled:
I thought <mask>'s art was great. I'd like to work with him again sometime, though we didn't really work together here. At the time I wrote it, I had no idea who'd be

masks:
Shawn McManus
McManus
McManus
Shawn McManus


texts:
 drawing it.<mask> and I have never even met or spoken with each other. I always write full script though, and unlike some other artists, <mask> actually pays attention to the script. I think his artwork was a nice pairing with the story. <mask> has contributed to titles from a variety of other publishers, including Atomeka Press (A1), Dark Horse Comics (Cheval Noir), Exhibit A Press (Wolff & Byrd: Counselors of the Macabre), First Comics (Grimjack), Image Comics (Supreme), Malibu Comics (The Man Called A-X), and DC Comics' Paradox Press (The Big Book Of Freaks). He worked on Leah Moore and John Reppion's Wild Girl (Wildstorm, 2004–2005) with J. H. Williams III, about 13-year-old Rosa Torez who discovers that she can communicate with animals. In 2007, he did an eight-issue run on Aquaman: Sword of Atlantis and an issue of The Creeper for DC. He illustrated Cinderella: From Fabletown with Love in 2010 and Cinderella: Fables Are Forever the following year.He was one of several artists to contribute to the Fairest in All the Land graphic novel. Children's art
Writer-illustrator and lecturer Mark McKenna, creator of the Banana Tail children's book series, described his long association with <mask> that led to their Banana Tail: The Early Years (2009) color print:
I met <mask> in the DC Comics offices back in late 1985. I was up at DC Comics to meet with an editor or show samples, I forget, the old brain is failing me here. But I do recall <mask> sitting in with the editor who I was about to have a

masks:
Shawn
Shawn
McManus
McManus
Shawn McManus
Shawn


texts:
 meeting with. At the time, <mask> was drawing Swamp Thing, and I was delighted to see his lively, bouncy and very refreshing art style. Little did I know that within a year we would be an art team along with writer J. M. DeMatteis on DC's Doctor Fate series... We worked together for six months on Doctor Fate until the DC editor moved me to another book. I haven't had any creative contact with <mask> since that time in 1987.We really never spoke during the time we worked together. I was still very new to the business and didn't think to call and collaborate with <mask> to get his sensibilities about direction and vision for the book. No contact with <mask> until a few brief comic con "how ya doing's? ", and an eventual reconnect through our mutual art rep, Bob Shaw... Bob had this idea that <mask> should work with me and create some ultra cool Banana Tail painting... Seeing Bob Shaw's excitement, <mask> then saw the potential in Banana Tail. Television
In 1987, <mask> worked on the animated series Dinosaucers. For the TV series Tales from the Crypt, <mask> and Mike Vosburg illustrated comic book covers designed to look like the original 1950s comics.The McManus Crypt cover is seen in the first episode ("The Man Who Was Death"). Awards
1985 Jack Kirby Award nomination with Alan Moore for Best Single Issue ("Pog" in The Saga of the Swamp Thing #32). Comics bibliography

Dark Horse Comics
 Cheval Noir #48 (1993)

DC Comics

 Aquaman: Sword of Atlantis #50–57 (2007)
 Batman: Legends of the Dark Knight

masks: Shawn Shawn Shawn Shawn Shawn Shawn McManus McManus


texts:
 #44–45 (1993)
 Countdown to Mystery #5 (2008)
 Creeper #5 (2007)
 Deadman #7–9 (2002)
 Detective Comics #533–545 (Green Arrow) (1983–1984)
 Doctor Fate #1–11, 13–20, 22–24 (1988–1991)
 Elvira's House of Mystery #1, 4 (1986)
 Green Arrow vol. 2 #51–52 (1991)
 Helmet of Fate: Detective Chimp #1 (2007)
 Legion of Super-Heroes vol. 3 #27 (1986)
 Legion of Super Heroes in the 31st Century #16 (2008)
 Lobo #30, 37 (1996–1997)
 Man Called A-X vol. 3 #1 (2013)

Wildstorm
 Wild Girl #1–6 (2005)

HM Communications
 Heavy Metal #v7#9 (1983)

Image Comics
 Deathblow #18 (1995)
 Shadowhawk Gallery #1 (1994)
 Supreme #7–8 (1993)

Malibu Comics
 Man Called A-X #0, #1–4 (1994–1995)

Marvel Comics

 Daredevil #351–352 (1996)
 Dream Team #1 (1995)
 Excalibur: XX Crossing #1 (1992)
 Marvel Comics Presents #109–111, 113–118 (1992)
 Namor, the Sub-Mariner #38, 41 (1993)
 Punisher Annual #6 (1993)
 The Punisher War Journal #50 (1993)
 The Sensational Spider-Man '96 #1 (1996)
 Spider-Man Annual '97 #1 (1997)
 Spider-Man Unlimited #10 (1995)
 Ultraforce/Spider-Man #1A (1996)
 Wolverine/Nick Fury: Scorpio Rising #1 (1994)

References

External links

 Shawn McManus at Mike's Amazing World of Comics
 Shawn McManus at the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators

1958 births
20th-century American artists
21st-century American artists
American caricaturists
American cartoonists
American comics artists
American illustrators
DC Comics people
Living people
Marvel Comics people
People from Brookline,


texts:
George Watson "<mask>" <mask> (March 21, 1883 – January 3, 1959) was a professional football player who played in the "Ohio League" prior to it becoming a part of the National Football League. Born in Cleveland, Ohio, Parratt played quarterback for the Shelby Blues, Lorain Pros, Massillon Tigers, Massillon All-Stars, Franklin Athletic Club of Cleveland, Akron Indians and the Cleveland Tigers between 1905 and 1916. Parratt threw the first legal forward pass in professional football history while playing for the Massillon Tigers on October 25, 1906. College career
Parratt played college football at Case School of Applied Science, now known as Case Western Reserve University. During his time at Case, he became a 3-time All-Ohio college star. However, in 1905, he risked his amateur standing by playing professional ball on Sundays for the Shelby Blues. To hide his identity from the media and school officials, Parratt played under the name "Jimmy Murphy" and used a nose guard to conceal his face.However just weeks after his first game for Shelby, the Cleveland newspapers revealed that "Murphy" was really <mask>, in disguise. Soon afterwards <mask> was called in for questioning by the chairman of the Case University Athletic Board, Professor Arthur S. Wright. During the interview, Parratt openly admitted to breaking the amateur code. He was then barred from all further intercollegiate play at Case. At this time, Parratt was also a star basketball and baseball player for Case and was removed from those teams as well. By admitting openly to playing for Shelby, Parratt thus became the first college football star to be disciplined by his school for moonlighting as a professional football player. Several other college players had secretly played professional football, but they always denied the charges when questioned.However Case still awarded <mask> his varsity letter, citing his invaluable leadership

masks:
Peggy
Parratt
Peggy Parratt
Parratt
Peggy


texts:
 on and off the field during the major part of the 1905 football season. He also made All-Ohio Honors for 1905 and was allowed to coach the college's baseball team, after being stripped of captaincy due to the scandal. After graduating from Case in 1906, <mask> was offered the head football coaching job at Marietta College, however he turned it down to continue his professional playing career. In 1909, however, <mask> was an assistant football coach at Case, while he was also playing for the Shelby Blues. Professional career

Massillon Tigers
After losing his amateur status, Parratt played football for the Lorain Pros for the remainder of the 1905 season. In 1906, <mask> was signed by the Massillon Tigers, in part because of his mastery of the forward pass. He immediately earned the role of starting quarterback.The first forward pass in a professional football game may have been thrown by <mask> on October 25, 1906 to Dan "Bullet" Riley in a victory over a combined Benwood-Moundsville team, according to Robert W. Peterson in his book Pigskin The Early Years of Pro Football. Parratt though did not receive initial recognition for the pass since Eddie Wood of the Canton Bulldogs and Latrobe Athletic Association was erroneously credited for catching the first forward pass in pro football by Harry March in his book Pro Football: Its Ups and Downs. During the second game of the 1906 Ohio League championship, which would later result in a betting scandal on November 24, 1906, Wood reportedly caught a couple of the new forward passes. March somehow stated that those catches in a championship game, at the end of the season, were very first catches in professional football. It was later discovered that Parratt threw an earlier recorded pass to Bullet Riley on October 25, for professional football's first forward pass. A second recorded pass was thrown to Clark Schrontz two days later. During the

masks: Parratt Peggy Peggy Parratt


texts:
 Tigers season-ending series with the Canton Bulldogs, to determine the Ohio League champions, Parratt caught two interceptions while the Tigers won the series second, and deciding game.However rumors of a betting fix tainted the championship and turned the public off to pro football in Ohio for the next several years. Many of the top players of the day left Ohio when the scandal broke. This left only the local sandlotters to pick up the pieces and try to patch together a respectable season for 1907. Since Parratt was not a part of the scandal, he continued to play for Massillon, now renamed the "Massillon All-Stars" for 1907, however he soon learned that he could make more money playing with the Franklin Athletic Club, which was untouched by the fallout over the betting scandal the year before. Franklin Athletic Club
During his year with the Franklin A.C., Parratt played in only a few games. He spent the majority of his time, officiating professional football games in the Cleveland-area. Shelby Blues
Sometime before the 1908 season, Parratt returned to the Shelby Blues, the place where he made his professional debut in 1905.He became the owner of the franchise by helping to organize and financially back the team. He also became a player-coach for the Blues and helped the team recruit players. In his first year with the Blues, the team defeated all of their rivals and finished in a tie with the Akron Indians for state honors. However, in 1909, the Indians defeated the Blues 13-9 and claimed the championship. For the 1910 season, Parratt decided to recruit heavily to put together a contender in Shelby. As a result, <mask> signed several well-known Ohio college graduates and combined them with the best local veteran players he could find. The plan worked and Shelby upset the Indians twice, 16-6 and 8-5, and the Blues claimed the 1910 Ohio title.1911 Ohio League title forfeit
<mask> used the

masks: Peggy Parratt


texts:
 same plan for the upcoming 1911 season and once again Shelby defeated Akron twice, 6-0 and 3-0. The 1911 title game was then to be between the Blues and the revived Canton Bulldogs, then referred to as the Canton Professionals. The Blues won the game when Canton forfeited the title game to Shelby, after a heated dispute over an offside ruling. According to reports, Parratt was willing to compromise with Canton over the official's call, however Canton captain Harry Turner was so upset that he called his team off the field and refused to continue the game. Immediately after the game, Turner vowed to give up football because of the call. However Turner wanted so badly to beat Parratt that he returned to play for Canton for the next three years. Akron Indians
Before the 1912 season, Parratt left Shelby for Akron.He took the move realizing that he could make more money in the larger football market that Akron could provide. When he arrived in Akron, his first move was to change the team name from the "Akron" Indians to "Parratt's" Indians. With <mask> as player, coach, and owner-manager, the Indians split their series with Shelby and twice defeated Canton, 14-7 and 19-7. However, they were defeated by the unheard of Elyria Athletics, who then took the Ohio championship. The Athletics were mostly former Blues players who formed a team in Elyria after Parratt left for Akron. The following season, <mask> brought most of Elyria's 1912 championship team to Akron, and adding them to his roster. The Indians then beat Shelby and Elyria.They also managed to tie the rapidly improving Canton Pros. During Indians championship game against Shelby, the Blues loaded their team with a collection of famous players from big Eastern schools and supported each member with a payroll of $700 for just that one game. However, the game was cancelled due to snowstorm. A week later when the Blues returned to Akron, the

masks: Peggy Peggy


texts:
 Indians were prepared with newly recruited talent that was viewed as even superior to that of Shelbys. The Indians won the game 20-0 and brought the Ohio title back to Akron. The death of Harry Turner
For his 1914 recruiting efforts, Parratt signed the usual big names players, which consisted of a lineup that changed from week to week, with just enough stars on hand to guarantee a win. However, in 1914, he also employed several former Notre Dame stars, including the legendary Knute Rockne, Howard "Horse" Edwards, "Deke" Jones, and Joe Collins.As well as several Ohio collegiate stars like Ed Kagy, Dwight Wertz, Homer Davidson, Dutch Powell, Frank Nesser and Ralph "Fat" Waldsmith. By late season, the entire left side of his Akron Indian line was from Notre Dame. The team dominated the Ohio League for the season, however they managed to lose to Canton 6-0 on November 15, 1914. That game was memorable not because of Canton's win, but because Harry Turner, who had fostered a need to beat <mask> at football, died when his spine broke during a tackle on Akron's fullback, Joe Collins. Turner's death marked the first fatal accident involving a major professional football team in Ohio. According to Canton manager Jack Cusack, Turner on his deathbed whispered, "I know I must go, but I'm satisfied, for we beat <mask>!" A week later Akron defeated a mourning Canton team 21-0 to claim the 1914 title.Cleveland Tigers
To avoid an Akron title in 1915 the owners of the Massillon Tigers raided <mask>'s Akron roster and took away many of his star players. Canton manager, Jack Cusack, also picked up some former Akron players and signed Jim Thorpe to his renamed Canton Bulldogs team. By the end of the season, <mask>'s team was made up mostly of Akron sandlotters. After the disastrous 1915 season, <mask> returned to Cleveland, where he took some of his former Akron players and a few ex-collegians into a

masks:
Parratt
Peggy Parratt
Parratt
Parratt
Parratt


texts:
 respectable team which he named the Cleveland Tigers. The 1916 Tigers compiled a winning record despite falling to the Bulldogs and splitting a two-game series with the Columbus Panhandles. Parratt played his last professional football game on October 22, 1916, as his Tigers lost to Columbus 9-6. Formation of the NFL
After his retirement from football, <mask>'s name was always brought up when anyone tried to establish a concrete football league.<mask> was not part of the 1920 meetings set-up by Ralph Hay which saw the birth of the National Football League. He did reappear on the football scene on August 1, 1925, in Chicago, representing Cleveland Tigers owner Samuel Deutsch. A few months later on February 6, 1926, <mask> was appointed to two of the NFL's most important committees. The first committee consisted of a seven-member panel that was charged with redrafting the NFL constitution and by-laws. The second committee was a three-man committee to meet with the Intercollegiate Committee of Athletics (ICA) in New York City. The other two members of this panel were George Halas and Dr. Harry March. Bridge player
After his football-playing days, he achieved some notability at tournaments in the later days of auction and the early days of contract bridge.Death
Parratt died on January 3, 1959, and was interred at Lake View Cemetery in Cleveland. References

1959 deaths
1883 births
American football executives
Akron Indians (Ohio League) players
Akron Indians coaches
Akron Pros
All-Massillons players
Burials at Lake View Cemetery, Cleveland
Canadian players of American football
Case Western Spartans football players
Case Western Spartans football coaches
Case Western Spartans baseball players
Case Western Spartans men's basketball players
Cleveland Tigers (NFL) players
Franklin Athletic Club of Cleveland players
Massillon Tigers players
Shelby Blues players
Sportspeople from Ontario
American

masks: Parratt Peggy Parratt


texts:
<mask> (May 12, 1859 – October 11, 1932) was a U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator from the state of Michigan. After the 1912 sinking of the Titanic, <mask> chaired the Senate hearings into the disaster. The audience was somewhat amused at his questions, which appeared to reveal great ignorance of the shipping world, though he claimed he was wanting simple answers for the benefit of the public. His report led to major reforms in maritime safety. Early career
<mask> was born in Dowagiac, Michigan to George Richardson and Leah Margaret (Allen) <mask> and attended the common schools. He moved with his parents to Grand Rapids in 1872, where he attended school, sold popcorn, and was a newsboy and messenger boy.He was appointed a page in the Michigan House of Representatives in 1875 (or 1879) at Lansing, Michigan. He studied law in the office of Burch & Montgomery (Marsden C. Burch was a one-time U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Michigan) and was admitted to the bar in 1882. Mr. <mask> practiced law alone for some time, but later became associated with Fredrick W. Stevens. This firm afterwards became Smiley, Smith & Stevens. He was general counsel of the Chicago and West Michigan Railway and the Detroit, Lansing and Northern Railroad. While in this practice, Mr. <mask> became an expert on railroad law and finance. He was assistant secretary of the Michigan Senate in 1883 and the State Game Warden from 1887 to 1891, reportedly the first salaried state game warden in the nation.He was a member of the Republican State Central Committee from 1888 to 1892. Service in the House
<mask> was elected as a Republican from the

masks:
William Alden Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith


texts:
 Michigan's 5th congressional district to the 54th United States Congress and to the six succeeding Congresses, serving from March 4, 1895, until his resignation, effective February 9, 1907, having been elected to the U.S. Senate. While in the House of Representatives, <mask> was chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the State Department in the 56th Congress, the Committee on Pacific Railroads in the 57th and 58th Congresses. While Chairman of the Committee on Pacific Railroads, <mask> was a leading advocate for universal safety standards on railroads, attracting the ire of many of the country's railroad executives. Service in the Senate
<mask> was elected as a Republican to the United States Senate January 15, 1907, for the term beginning March 4, 1907. He was subsequently elected on February 6, 1907, to fill the vacancy in the term ending March 4, 1907, caused by the death of Russell A. Alger. He was reelected in 1913 and served from February 9, 1907, to March 4, 1919.He declined to run for renomination in 1918. <mask> was chairman of the Committee on Canadian Relations in the 61st Congress, the Committee on Territories in the 62nd Congress, and the Select Committee to Examine Branches of the Civil Service in the 63rd through 65th Congresses. RMS Titanic investigation
After the luxury liner RMS Titanic sank in the North Atlantic on April 15, 1912, with more than 1,500 lives lost, <mask> chaired Senate hearings that began at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City the day after the survivors landed. Senators and spectators heard dramatic testimony from the surviving passengers and crew. <mask>'s

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith


texts:
 subcommittee issued a report on May 28 that led to significant reforms in international maritime safety. <mask> achieved some notoriety for being more colorful than knowledgeable, even being called "Watertight Smith" by the British press for asking whether watertight compartments, actually meant to keep the ship afloat, were meant to shelter passengers. In his book on the investigation, The Other Side of the Night, Daniel Allen Butler notes that <mask> had toured Titanic's sister ship, RMS Olympic, and knew full well what the watertight bulkheads did, but understood that the general public might not.Other questions were intended to force the officers and crew to answer in simple terms and not attempt to obfuscate with technical jargon. In "The Titanic Chronicles", a 1999 TV documentary about the senate hearings, he was voiced by David Garrison. Other activities
<mask> constructed the Grand Rapids, Kalkaska and Southeastern Railroad in Michigan in 1897 and became owner of the Lowell and Hastings Railroad in 1900. In 1901 he was honored with the degree of Master of Arts by Dartmouth College. He was owner and publisher of the Grand Rapids Herald in 1906 and chairman of the board of directors of the Goodrich Company, which owned the Graham and Morton Steamship Line, the largest operator of steamboats from Chicago to various Lake Michigan ports. <mask> died in Grand Rapids and is interred in Woodlawn Cemetery there. In 1909 he defended Federal employee and civil rights activist Robert Pelham Jr. who was arrested when gathering information from witnesses after a black woman was beaten by a white police officer who was

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith


texts:
 arresting her.Pelham was acquitted in the case. The community of Alden, Michigan is named for him. Mr. <mask> was married on October 21, 1886, to Nancy Alice ("Nana") Osterhout (October 21, 1859 – February 15, 1936) of Grand Rapids. They had one son, <mask> <mask>, Jr. who died on April 19, 1920, at the age of 27. The second Disabled American Veterans chapter ever organized was in Kentwood, Michigan and is named for him. The younger <mask> was married to Marie McRae, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Milton A. McRae of Detroit and San Diego, California. This couple had a son, <mask>, III, who died on December 16, 1968, in San Diego, California at the age of 52.They are all buried in the family mausoleum at Woodlawn Cemetery, Grand Rapids, Michigan. Bibliography
 Wade, Wyn Craig, The Titanic: End of a Dream, Penguin Books, 1986
 Wade, Wyn Craig. "The Senator and the Shipwreck." Michigan History 63 (November/December 1979): 10-19. Kuntz, Tom. The Titanic Disaster Hearings. Pocket, 1998.References

External links

 Account of Senate hearings on the sinking of the Titanic
 Michigan DNR on the first Game Warden
 White, Arthur S., A third volume devoted to Kent County, Dayton, Ohio: National Historical Assoc., 1924, p. 667. 1859 births
1932 deaths
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Michigan
Candidates in the 1916 United States presidential election
19th-century American politicians
20th-century American politicians
United States senators from Michigan
RMS Titanic
People from Dowagiac, Michigan
Republican Party United States senators
Michigan Republicans
Republican Party members of the United States House of

masks:
Smith
William Alden
Smith
Smith
William Alden


texts:
<mask> (10 October 1845 – 19 September 1897) was a pioneer in the teaching of Pitman's shorthand and typing in Birmingham, England. In 1888 she was the first woman to be appointed as a teacher in an English boys' public school, at Rugby School. The Phonetic Journal, September 1891 and the journal, Birmingham Faces And Places, September 1892, both credit her with being the first female reporter in England. Early life
<mask> was born in London in 1845 as <mask>. When she was around four years old, she and her older twin siblings Richard and Elizabeth, were sent from London to a boarding school near Bath. By this time <mask>'s surname and the surname of her siblings, had been changed to Beauclerc. The children's father, <mask>, died when Maria was five years old.The reason for the name change of Maria, Richard and Elizabeth from Bethell to Beauclerc, however, is unknown. Maria Beauclerc attended Weston Boarding Schools near Bath until circumstances forced her to leave School at the age of nine. When aged twelve, she began teaching herself shorthand from a manual which she found in some waste paper. The manual entitled The Phonographic Teacher, was written by Isaac Pitman (knighted in 1894). On her thirteenth birthday, <mask> and her mother moved to Birmingham where she continued her studies through a member of the Phonetic Society in Bath who corrected her exercises through the post. The addition of Bethell to the name Beauclerc appeared for the first time in the title of a biography entitled  <mask> Beauclerc in The Phonetic Journal Sept. 1891. Reporter
In 1863,

masks:
Marie Bethell Beauclerc
Marie Bethell Beauclerc
Maria Bethell
Maria Bethell
Richard Bethell
Maria Beauclerc
Marie Bethell


texts: at the age of eighteen, <mask> was engaged for two months as shorthand amanuensis to a phrenological lecturer visiting Birmingham.Later George Dawson (1821–1876), editor of the Birmingham Morning News between 1871 and 1873, also engaged Maria Beauclerc because of her outstanding shorthand reporting skills. The appointment of a female reporter by the Birmingham Morning News was extraordinary as it was the first time in England that a female had been engaged by a newspaper as a shorthand reporter. <mask> became professionally known as <mask> and her work at the Birmingham Morning News included the reporting of many public meetings, conferences and lectures. At this time, shorthand was still a male dominated expertise however from approximately 1865 until Dawson's sudden death in 1876, <mask> also recorded most of the content of the nine volumes of Dawson's lectures, prayers and sermons. Four volumes were published after Dawson's death. George St. Clair, the editor of these volumes, acknowledges in the prefaces that "The discourses are mostly from the shorthand reports of Miss <mask>rc." A similar preface reads, "When a lecture is reported by Miss Beauclerc – as is the case with the one on the Shadow of Death  – we have a near approach to fulness and accuracy".Further on St. Clair adds, "I have had, as before, the invaluable help of Miss Beauclerc in collating and transcribing." <mask> is also credited in prefaces of volumes of work by author and preacher Christopher J. Street (1855–1931). When Unitarian clergyman and lecturer, Robert Collyer (1823–1912),

masks:
Maria Beauclerc
Maria Beauclerc
Marie Beauclerc
Marie Beauclerc
Marie Beaucle
Marie Beauclerc


texts:
 visited Birmingham from the United States, he engaged <mask> to report and edit his sermons and prayers which were delivered at Newhall Hill Church Birmingham on 2 September, 1883 and published during the same year. Teacher
In 1874 the Perry Barr Institute, the first suburban institute in Birmingham was established and <mask> was appointed a teacher of phonography. She held her position at this institute for fourteen years until 1888. <mask> was also engaged in teaching phonography when it was introduced at the Birmingham and Midland Institute in 1876."Thousands of pupils have passed through the hands of Miss Beauclerc, in connection with this institute alone; and many young men owe their start in life to the knowledge they have thus gained". "In 1888, Miss <mask> was accorded the high honour of the appointment of Teacher of Shorthand at Rugby School". This was the first time shorthand had been taught in an English public school and the first appointment of a female teacher in an English boys' public school. There were one hundred boys in her classes and Dr. Percival, headmaster at this time "expressed his satisfaction at the excellence of the teaching and the progress made by the pupils". <mask> also taught senior boys at the Birmingham Blue Coat School and in addition to achieving as a female teacher of predominately male students in the fields of shorthand and typing, Beauclerc was a teacher of dancing and callisthenics. Pioneer

In 1887, <mask> established a Shorthand Writers Association and "officially introduced the art of typewriting to Birmingham".

masks:
Marie Beauclerc
Marie Beauclerc
Marie Beauclerc
Beauclerc
Beauclerc
Marie Beauclerc


texts:
 Also in 1887, <mask> delivered a paper at the International Shorthand Congress and Phonographic Jubilee in London.Her paper, entitled Phonography in Birmingham, illustrates her passion for her pioneering work and is contained in the printed Transactions of the Congress held by the Pitman Library at the University of Bath. In England at this time, shorthand and typing were still male domains with few places available for female students and few employment opportunities for females. <mask>'s pioneering work in the fields of shorthand and typing, benefited the progress of Birmingham's business and cultural community, while her example and the discussion she generated, (e.g. International Congress) helped pave the way for the explosion of female stenography in the 20th century. In 1892, <mask> now known as <mask> <mask>, retired from teaching at the Birmingham and Midland Institute. Her retirement was due to illness, however, she continued to edit Sunday Evening Lectures by James C. Street "during her short intervals of ease". Death

<mask> <mask> died on 19 September, 1897.She is buried at Key Hill Cemetery, Birmingham, two plots away from George Dawson. A quote from her headstone reads:

Commemoration
A Birmingham Civic Society blue plaque in commemoration of Beauclerc's achievements in Birmingham was unveiled in the Library of Birmingham on 9 October, 2020. Notes

References
 <mask>, <mask>, 1887 : Phonography in Birmingham : Transactions of the Congress – Pitman Library – University of Bath
Birmingham Daily Post, Tues. 22 September, 1891- Newspaper article -

masks:
Beauclerc
Marie Beauclerc
Beauclerc
Marie Bethell
Beauclerc
Marie Bethell
Beauclerc
Beauclerc
Marie


texts:
 Birmingham and Midland Institute School of Commerce
Birmingham Daily Post, Wed. 12 October, 1887 - Newspaper article - Birmingham and Midland Institute Shorthand Writers' Association
Birmingham Daily Post, Tues. 22 September, 1891 - Newspaper article - Midland Institute Shorthand Department
Birmingham Daily Post, Wed. 10 August, 1892 - Newspaper article - Retirement of Miss Beauclerc
Birmingham Faces And Places  – May 1893, Volume 5, pp. 70,74, J.G. Hammond, Journal – Birmingham Public Library
Dawson, George, 1888 : Every-Day Counsels : Kegan Paul, Trench and Co; 1 Paternoster Square, London – Preface
Dawson George, 1888 : Shakespeare and Other Lectures : Kegan Paul, Trench and Co. 1 Paternoster Square, London – Preface
Evening Despatch Birmingham 27 May, 1949 – Newspaper article – First woman reporter
Key Hill Cemetery – Burial plot: I:961 – Gravestone: In memory of <mask>l Beauclerc  – erected by Church of the Saviour founded and built 1847–95 Birmingham
Maria Bethell – Birth certificate – 10 October, 1845, St. Pancras Lond. England
Maria Bethell Beauclerc – Death Certificate – 19 September, 1897 Birmingham England
Obituary – Birmingham Post – 23 September, 1897 – Miss <mask>rc
The Phonetic Journal September 1891 – pp. 596–597 – Our Portrait Gallery- Marie Bethell Beauclerc – Pitman Library, University of Bath
UK censuses- 1851, 1861, 1871, 1881,1891
Empson, Richard : The Friends of Key Hill and Warstone Lane Cemeteries, Chairman – Correspondence, 24 September, 2009

Further reading
Blain, Helen, 2009 : Marie Bethell Beauclerc – (1845–1897) Good

masks:
Marie Bethel
Marie Beaucle


texts:
 Scholar – Holistic Teacher – Courageous Woman : The Friends of Key Hill and Warstone Lane Cemeteries Newsletter, no.16.(November 2009)
Wilson, Wright, 1905 :  The Life of George Dawson, M.A. Glasgow  : Percival Jones Ltd. Birmingham
Hobson, Christine, 2021 : Audacious Women in a Man's World  Amazon Kindle E-book

External links
Transcription of The Phonetic Journal – Our Portrait Gallery – <mask>l Beauclerc pp. 596
Transcription of The Phonetic Journal – Our Portrait Gallery – <mask>l Beauclerc pp. 556
The Friends of Key Hill and Warstone Lane Cemeteries Christmas Card from <mask>l Beauclerc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kk0E9jE58OQ  Blue Plaque Unveiling 9 October, 2020
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeROdYjUOvlRdUbtheMEdDw/videos?view=0  Tribute to <mask> Beauclerc with speeches personally read by Helen Blain and <mask>, great-grandnieces of <mask> Beauclerc. These speeches were read at the unveiling of the Blue PLaque to <mask>l Beauclerc by members of the Birmingham Civic Society on 9 October, 2020.
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeROdYjUOvlRdUbtheMEdDw/videos?view=0  "Maria's Story" A fictional story for children and read by children about <mask>rc, written by Helen Blain Great-Grandniece of <mask> Beauclerc. https://www.tamarindcreativegraphics.com/<mask>rc.pdf "A Remarkable Victorian Woman - <mask>rc" A story of determination during the Victorian era of rigid gender and class prejudice by Helen Blain Great-Grandniece of <mask> Bethell Beauclerc 2013
Two Sermons Collyer, Robert (1823–1912)
Communings with the Father viii Preface- "the whole of

masks:
Marie Bethel
Marie Bethel
Marie Bethel
Marie Bethell
Sue Beauclerc
Marie Bethell
Marie Bethel
Marie Bethelcle
Marie Bethell
Marie Beaucle
Marie Beaucle
Marie


texts:
 the contents of the present volume are from the excellent shorthand reports of Miss Beauclerc." Street, Christopher J.(1855–1931)
The Phonographic Teacher

Schoolteachers from the West Midlands
English reporters and correspondents
British women journalists
19th-century British journalists
19th-century British women writers
1845 births
1897 deaths
People from St Pancras, London
Burials at Key Hill


texts: <mask> (July 1, 1891 – October 24, 1946) born in Chicago, Illinois, USA, was a songwriter, an adventure novelist and literary agent during the pulp era. Much of his work first appeared in the magazine Weird Tales. <mask> was an amateur orientalist and a student of Arabic, like his friend and sometime collaborator, E. Hoffmann Price. <mask> and <mask> is best known for an apocryphal literary feud with fellow author Edgar Rice Burroughs, in which he supposedly raised the latter's ire by producing close imitations (The Planet of Peril (1929) and two sequels) of Burroughs's Martian novels, though set on Venus; Burroughs, the story goes, then retaliated by writing his own Venus novels, whereupon <mask> responded with an even more direct intrusion on Burroughs's territory by boldly setting two novels on Mars. <mask>'s jungle adventure stories, reminiscent of Burroughs's Tarzan tales, have also been cited as evidence of the conflict. While the two authors did write the works in question, the theory that they did so in contention with each other is supported only circumstantially, by the resemblance and publication dates of the works themselves. The feud theory was originally set forth in a fan press article,  "The Kline-Burroughs War," by Donald A. Wollheim (Science Fiction News, November, 1936), and afterward given wider circulation by Sam Moskowitz in his

masks:
Otis Adelbert Kline
Kline
Kline
Burroughs Kline
Kline
Kline


texts:
 book Explorers of the Infinite (1963).Richard A. Lupoff debunked the case in his book Edgar Rice Burroughs: Master of Adventure (1965). Among the evidence cited by Lupoff discounting the feud: (1) no comment from either writer acknowledging the feud is documented, and (2) family members of the two authors have no recollection of ever hearing them mention it. In response to Lupoff's investigations Moskowitz identified his original source as Wollheim's article, while Wollheim stated, when questioned on the source of his own information: "I made it up!" <mask> and Weird Tales

<mask> was an assistant editor at Weird Tales from its inception. He contributed numerous stories to the magazine and edited a single issue — that for May–July 1924 (which also contained his short story "The Malignant Entity"). Literary agent
In the mid-1930s <mask> largely abandoned writing to concentrate on his career as a literary agent (most famously for fellow Weird Tales author Robert E. Howard, pioneer sword and sorcery writer and creator of Conan the Barbarian). <mask> represented Howard from the spring of 1933 till Howard's death in June 1936, and continued to act as literary agent for Howard's estate thereafter.It has been suggested that <mask> may have completed Howard's "planetary romance" Almuric, which he submitted to Weird Tales for posthumous publication in 1939,

masks: Kline Kline Kline Kline Kline


texts:
 although this claim is disputed. Bibliography

<mask>'s novels normally received serial publication in magazines before their release in book form. The Mars novels appeared in Argosy, and The Port of Peril in Weird Tales (as Buccaneers of Venus). "The Modern Detective Story," The Author & Journalist, July 1937. References
 Sheldon Jaffery and Fred Cook, The Collector's Index to Weird Tales, Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1985. John Locke, "<mask>elbert <mask> and the Invisible Hand" in The Thing's Incredible! The Secret Origins of Weird Tales.Elkhorn, CA: Off-Trail Publications, 2018, . E. Hoffmann Price, "Chapter II: <mask> <mask>" in Book of the Dead: Friends of Yesteryear: Fictioneers & Others, Sauk City, Wisconsin: Arkham House, 2001. David Anthony Kraft, "<mask> <mask>: Visionary of Venus," in Unknown Worlds of Science Fiction, Magazine Management, Vol. 1, No. 4, July 1975, p. 24. (Issue includes a comics adaptation of <mask>'s "A Vision of Venus" from 1931, by Tim Conrad on pp. 25–29.)Specific

External links

 <mask> ebooks at Project Gutenberg of Australia

1891 births
1946 deaths
20th-century American novelists
American male novelists
American science fiction writers
American short story writers
Edgar Rice Burroughs
People from Chicago
American male short story writers
20th-century American male

masks:
Kline
Otis Ad
Kline
Otis Adelbert
Kline
Otis Adelbert
Kline
Kline
Kline


texts:
<mask> (10 April 1901 – 3 May 1971), also known as D. R<mask>, was an Indian economist, institution builder and the vice-chairman of the Planning Commission of India. He was the founder Director of the Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Pune and the author of the Gadgil formula, which served as the base for the allocation of central assistance to states during the Fourth and Fifth Five Year Plans of India. He is credited with contributions towards the development of Farmers' Cooperative movement in Maharashtra. The Government of India recognised his services by issuing a commemorative postage stamp in his honour in 2008. Biography

Early years
Gadgil was born on 10 April 1901 in Nasik in the western Indian state of Maharashtra as the son of <mask>, in Brahmin family which had migrated from the Konkan region. His early education was at his ancestral city of Nagpur after which he graduated from Mumbai University and proceeded to Cambridge University from where he secured Master of Arts (MA) and Master of Literature (MLitt) degrees. It is reported that the dissertation he submitted for his MLitt degree became a classic and was published by Oxford University Press as a book, The Industrial Evolution of India in Recent Times in 1924.He stayed at Cambridge and returned to India after obtaining a DLitt (Honoris Causa). Career
Once in his home country, Gadgil joined the Maharashtra government service but gave it up in 1925 to serve as the principal at the Maganlal
Thakordas Balmukunddas Arts College, Surat. Later, he associated himself with the Servants of India Society of Gopal Krishna Gokhale and when the Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics (GIPE) was established in Pune in 1930, he became its founder director. His tenure at the institute lasted till 1933 during which time he undertook several projects related to development of rural economy. He was also a member of the Indian Economic Association and served as its president for the year 1940. In 1946, the

masks:
Dhananjay Ramchandra Gadgil
. Gadgil
Ramchandra Bhargav


texts: Government of Maharashtra entrusted him and A. D. Gorwala, an Indian Civil Service officer, with the responsibility of devising a plan for the distribution of food in times of scarcity, and they recommended the introduction of fair price shops and rationing system, reportedly against the suggestions of Mahatma Gandhi. He was also involved with the Samyukta Maharashtra Movement and the cooperative sector and is known to have drawn up a plan for the development of Mumbai and Pune.Meanwhile, Gadgil's involvement with the cooperative movement in Maharashtra grew as he got associated with Vithalrao Vikhe Patil, Shankarrao Dhumal (father of Ajay Dhumal), and Vaikunthbhai Mehta, three of the pioneers of Indian cooperative movement. He became a director of the Pune District Central Cooperative Bank in 1930, served as the chairman of the Maharashtra State Cooperative Bank and held the chair of the National Federation of Cooperative Banks. His association with Vithalrao Vikhe Patil and Shankarrao Dhumal is said to have resulted in the founding of  Pravara Cooperative Sugar Factory, the first industrial venture in the Asian cooperative sector, in 1949. The venture, which later came to be known as the Pravara Model of Integrated Rural Development, is reported to have gained national recognition. He also served as the president of the National Cooperative Union of India, the apex organisation of the cooperative movement in India. The Reserve Bank of India included him as a member of the Survey Panel for the rural credit and, later, in 1952, he became a director of the apex bank in India, holding the post for a decade, till 1962. In 1966, he took up the post of the vice-chancellor of the Savitribai Phule Pune University but stayed at the post only for one year to move to Union Government as the Deputy chairman of the now defunct Planning Commission of India, the highest bureaucratic position in the Indian economic sector which holds the rank of a cabinet minister.He also served as a nominated


texts:
 member of Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian parliament, from 3 April 1966 to 31 August 1967. Gadgil formula

After his appointment as a member of the Planning Commission of India, Gadgil conducted studies on the pattern of allocation of central assistance to the states in the Five-Year Plans of India. In 1969, he evolved a set of guidelines for the purpose, popularly known as the Gadgil formula, which formed the base of central assistance to states in the Fourth and the Fifth Five-Year Plans of India. The proposals were based on the parameters such as Population (60%), Per Capita Income (10%), Tax Effort (10%), On-going Irrigation and Power Projects (10%) and Special Problems (10%). Later, on insistence from the state governments, the formula was revised (modified Gardgil formula) as Population (55%), PCI (25% – calculated by deviation and distance methods), Fiscal Management (5%) and Special Development Problems (15%). In 1990, the standards were again modified, when Pranab Mukherjee, the former President of India, held the post of the deputy chairmanship of the Planning Commission, and the new set of rules came to be known as Gadgil-Mukherjee formula. Personal life and honours
Gadgil is known to have been an enthusiastic reader and had a personal library composed of 3000 books.He was married to Pramila and the couple had three sons, Ajit, Purshottam and Madhav, and one daughter, Sulabha. He died on 3 May 1971, succumbing to a heart failure, while he was travelling from New Delhi to Pune. His youngest son, Madhav <mask>, is a renowned ecologist, who chaired the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel (WGEEP) of 2010, popularly known as the Gadgil Commission. Honours
A year after <mask>'s death, the Government of Maharashtra and the Ministry of Agriculture jointly started a training institute, Dhananjayrao Gadgil Institute of Co-operative Management (DGICM) at Nagpur, in 1972, to provide training for state government and cooperative sector employees, which is run by the

masks: Gadgil Gadgil


texts:
 National Council for Cooperative Training (NCCT), New Delhi. On his birth centenary year, Maharashtra Economic Development Council, instituted the Gadgil Centenary Memorial Lecture, which is an annual event. The Government of India honoured him with a commemorative postage stamp, designed by reputed stamp designer, Sankha Samanta, in 2008. Manmohan Singh, then Prime Minister of India, unveiled a statue of Gadgil at Pravara Nagar in Maharashtra on 8 February 2008.The central library of the Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics has been named Dhananjayrao Gadgil Library, in his honour. Publications
Gadgil's first published book was his MLitt thesis, The Industrial Evolution of India in Recent Times, originally published by Oxford University Press, in 1924 and subsequently reprinted many times. His researches in the 1930s and 40s, were brought out as a book, The Federal problem in India by Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics in the Indian Independence year of 1947. The institute published another of his work, Economic Effects of Irrigation: report of a survey of the direct and indirect benefits of the Godavari and Pravara canals, in 1948. His observations on the economic policy of India have been documented as a book, Planning and economic policy in India, first published in 1961, prior to his joining the Planning Commission of India, reprinted subsequently by Sangam Books in 1979. In 2011, Oxford University Press, compiled his works and published India Economy: Problems and Prospects, The: Selected Writings of D.R Gadgil, edited by the noted economist-activist, Sulabha Brahme. References

Bibliography

External links

1901 births
1971 deaths
20th-century Indian economists
20th-century Indian educational theorists
Nominated members of the Rajya Sabha
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Savitribai Phule Pune University faculty
Cooperatives in Maharashtra
Indian technology writers
Indian male writers
20th-century Indian non-fiction writers
English-language writers


texts: <mask>  (born 6 October 1978) is a British former professional boxer who competed between 1997 and 2012, and has since worked as a boxing promoter and trainer. During his boxing career he held multiple world championships at light-welterweight and one at welterweight. BoxRec ranks <mask> as the 11th greatest European fighter of all time and 5th greatest British fighter of all time, pound for pound. In 2005 he was named Fighter of the Year by The Ring magazine, the Boxing Writers Association of America, and ESPN. In 2000, <mask> won the British light-welterweight title, followed by the WBU title the following year; he made a record fifteen successful defences of the latter from 2001 to 2004. He reached the pinnacle of his career in 2005 by defeating Kostya Tszyu for the IBF, Ring and lineal titles. This was followed up later that year with a victory over Carlos Maussa to claim the WBA (Super) title, thereby becoming a unified light-welterweight world champion.Making his welterweight debut in 2006, <mask> won a tough fight against WBA champion Luis Collazo to win a world title in his second weight class. A return to light-welterweight in 2007 saw him win the vacant IBF title for a second time, as well as the IBO title. In the same year, <mask> suffered a career first defeat against Floyd Mayweather Jr. in an attempt to win the WBC, Ring and lineal welterweight titles. This defeat took a severe toll on <mask>'s wellbeing, as did a second defeat in 2009 when he lost his IBO, Ring and lineal light-welterweight titles to Manny Pacquiao. After <mask>'s career was put on a long hiatus, rumours of a comeback continued to circulate the media over the next several years. In 2011, <mask> announced his retirement from the sport, but in 2012, more than three years after his last fight, he confirmed his comeback. A loss to Vyacheslav Senchenko in his first match back prompted <mask> to immediately announce his

masks:
Richard John Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Hatton


texts:
 final retirement.<mask> has been lauded as one of the most beloved and popular British boxers of all time, with a raucous fan base that travelled in their tens of thousands across the Atlantic to support him. Early years
Born in Stockport, Hatton was raised on the Hattersley council estate in Hyde, Greater Manchester and trained at the Sale West ABC (Racecourse Estate). He was educated at Hattersley High School. His grandfather and his father both played Football for Rochdale and Hatton had a trial for the youth team. He found a local boxing club in Hyde to train at. His entrance music is the Manchester City club song "Blue Moon", as performed by the band "Supra." Aged 14, Hatton was taken by his uncles Ged and Paul to Manchester United's Old Trafford stadium to watch the second fight between Nigel Benn and Chris Eubank.He joined the family carpet business on leaving school, but after he cut four of his fingers with a Stanley knife, his father made him a salesman to prevent him from losing his fingers. Amateur career
Hatton had a short amateur career, in which he won seven British titles and represented his country at the 1996 AIBA Youth World Boxing Championships. His elimination in the semi-finals caused controversy. Four of the five judges awarded the contest to Hatton, but under the scoring rules Hatton was defeated as the fifth judge gave the match to Hatton's opponent by 16 points. The judge was later found to have accepted a bribe, and disillusioned with the amateur governing bodies, Hatton  turned professional, aged 18. Hatton was based at Billy "The Preacher" Graham's gym in Moss Side, where fellow boxers included Carl Thompson and Michael Gomez. Amateur highlights
ABA national junior champion (class C) – light-welterweight (1994)
ABA national junior champion (class A) – light-welterweight (1995, 1996)
ABA national junior champion (class B) – light-welterweight (1997)
ABA national


texts:
 champion – light-welterweight (1997)

Professional career

Light-welterweight

Early career
Hatton made his professional debut on 11 September 1997 against Colin McAuley in Widnes at Kingsway Leisure Centre.<mask> won by a technical knockout (TKO) in first round, while in his second fight he boxed at Madison Square Garden in New York, as part of the undercard to Naseem Hamed vs. Kevin Kelley. Soon he was fighting on the undercard of contests involving major British boxers, such as the two WBO cruiserweight title fights between Carl Thompson and Chris Eubank in 1998. In 1999 the British Boxing Writers' Club named <mask> their Young Boxer of the Year. His first international title came in May 1999, when he defeated Dillon Carew for the WBO inter-continental light-welterweight title. <mask>'s next four fights after gaining the WBO inter-continental belt were all won within four rounds. He then gained the WBA Inter-Continental title following a unification bout against Giuseppe Lauri. The following month he fought Jon Thaxton for the vacant British title.Despite sustaining a cut over his left eye in the first round, <mask> continued for the full twelve rounds and won on points, the first time in his career that he had been taken beyond six rounds. As the cut was his fourth above the same eye, Hatton had plastic surgery on his eyebrow that November, with a view to a world title shot in the spring. <mask> claimed the vacant WBU title in March 2001, having sent opponent Tony Pep to the canvas three times in the process. <mask> vs. Tszyu

On 5 June 2005, <mask> defeated IBF and The Ring champion Kostya Tszyu, then widely regarded as one of the top pound-for-pound boxers in the world by a TKO after the Australian failed to answer the bell for the twelfth round. <mask> was a heavy underdog for this fight and the victory announced his entry to the upper echelons of the world boxing scene. Prior to the

masks: Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton


texts:
 fight, the majority of boxing critics had given <mask> little or no chance and this victory was regarded as one of the best victories by an English boxer in the last 20 years. Light Welterweight Unification
On 26 November 2005, <mask> won the WBA light-welterweight title when he defeated Carlos Maussa in the ninth round of a unification bout.In December, <mask> was named the 2005 Ring Magazine Fighter of the Year. <mask> relinquished his IBF title on 29 March 2006 after refusing to fulfil a mandatory defence against number one contender Naoufel Ben Rabah because he intended to move up to the welterweight division. <mask> signed a three-fight contract with Dennis Hobson's fight academy after splitting from long time promoter Frank Warren. The three fights would take place in the United States. Welterweight

<mask> vs. Collazo
<mask> moved up a division to meet American Luis Collazo for the WBA welterweight title which took place on 13 May 2006. <mask> won the WBA title from Collazo but struggled. <mask> started well, knocking Collazo down in the very first few seconds of the first round, but it turned out to be one of the toughest fights of his career, with some boxing analysts claiming Collazo won the fight, although many thought <mask> had done enough early on to secure victory, with the knockdown a pivotal point in the fight.Return to light-welterweight

<mask> vs. Urango
<mask>'s first fight back at light-welterweight was against then IBF light-welterweight champion Juan Urango for his title and the vacant IBO title on 20 January 2007 in Las Vegas, Nevada. <mask>'s promoter, Dennis Hobson, stated that the impetus for moving back down was to set up a fight with José Luis Castillo, a fighter who nearly beat Floyd Mayweather Jr. at lightweight in 2002. <mask> ended up winning a twelve-round unanimous decision (UD) against Urango to re-capture the IBF light-welterweight title. He won all but one

masks: Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton


texts:
 round on all three judges' scorecards. Castillo, who was on the undercard, also won, setting up their long-awaited fight. <mask> vs. <mask> was forced to relinquish his IBF title again on 10 February to be able to fight Castillo. The fight was held on 23 June 2007, at the Thomas & Mack Center in Paradise, Nevada.In round four, <mask> landed a "perfect" left hook to the liver, which put Castillo to the canvas. <mask> later claimed that four of Castillo's ribs were broken with this one punch. Unable to stand up, Castillo was counted out for the first time in his career. Return to welterweight

<mask> vs. Mayweather Jr.

<mask> agreed to terms on 27 July for an 8 December 2007 welterweight fight with Floyd Mayweather Jr. which was considered to be the biggest welterweight fight since the 1999 clash between Oscar De La Hoya and Puerto Rican legend Tito Trinidad. The MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas was announced as the venue on 17 August 2007. The fight was agreed to less than three months after Mayweather had said he planned to retire following a victory over Oscar De La Hoya. <mask> was able to bring the fight to Mayweather in the early rounds.In the 1st round, <mask> caught Mayweather with a left jab which knocked Mayweather off balance. His constant pressure appeared to make Mayweather uncomfortable at first. In the third round, Mayweather landed a right that cut <mask> above the right eye. In round six, referee Joe Cortez took a point away from <mask> after he appeared to hit Mayweather on the back of the head while Mayweather was rested between the ropes. However, the punch was revealed to have hit the rope rather than Mayweather's head, but <mask> was warned for punching behind the head on numerous occasions before the deduction. <mask> became angry at the referee's decision to deduct a point and turned his back on him. <mask> later claimed he was angered by the referee, which caused him

masks:
Hatton
Castillo Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Hatton


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 to lose his calm and contributed to his downfall.<mask> was able to hold his own until round eight, when Mayweather began to adapt to <mask> and started counterattacking. Mayweather knocked <mask> down to the mat in round ten. <mask> got up, but Mayweather quickly resumed his attack, resulting in Joe Cortez putting a stop to the fight and <mask>'s corner threw in the towel. Official scorecards read 88–82, 89–81, and 89–81 at the time of stoppage, all in favour of Mayweather. The fight received large amounts of publicity, with both fighters promoting the fight heavily. Second return to light-welterweight

<mask> vs. Lazcano

On 24 May 2008, <mask> beat Mexican Juan Lazcano by UD with scores of 120–110, 118–110, and 120–108, in front of his home crowd of 55,000 (a post-World War II record for a boxing match in Britain), at City of Manchester Stadium to retain The Ring and IBO light-welterweight titles. <mask> did well when he boxed and controlled the range, utilising his jab and dominating a lot of the early exchanges.In round eight, <mask> absorbed a left hook to the chin that wobbled him. In round ten, <mask> was hurt again by a left hook. Despite that, <mask> outworked Lazcano to win at least ten of the rounds. <mask> vs. Malignaggi

<mask> fought Paulie Malignaggi of the United States at the MGM Grand Garden Arena on 22 November 2008 for Hatton's The Ring light-welterweight title. He was trained for the fight by Floyd Mayweather, Sr. <mask> dominated for all of the fight and defeated Malignaggi by eleventh-round TKO when Malignaggi's trainer, Buddy McGirt, threw in the towel 48 seconds into the round. <mask> vs. Pacquiao

<mask> fought Manny Pacquiao on 2 May 2009 at the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas. The fight was at light-welterweight, which was the sixth weight category Pacquiao has fought at and is the weight at which <mask> was previously undefeated.Pacquiao defeated <mask> in the

masks: Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton


texts:
 second round by a KO victory after knocking <mask> down twice in the first round, and then a final time in the second round. Following the loss to Pacquiao, <mask> put his career on hiatus. After more than a year out of action, in a June 2010 interview with Gulfnews.com, the British boxer seemed uninterested in coming to the ring again. He stated: "Boxing started off as a habit and it ended up giving me some money and making me a little bit of a better person. But I don't think I will have a fight again. But you can never say never as I have not announced officially that I won't be boxing. At the moment I don't have any fire in the belly for a fight or to get myself to a gym."However, <mask> also added: "But it has been only 13 months and I am only 31, so never count me out." <mask> has also voiced suspicion that Pacquiao may be using performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs). <mask> said he should have made the same blood testing demand as Floyd Mayweather Jr., whose fight against Pacquiao fell through in early 2010. However, the Nevada Athletic Commission (NAC) cited a medical analysis which supported Pacquiao's decision to abstain from blood testing similar to that demanded by Mayweather, stating that drawing blood close to a fight may cause "hematomas, infections or other injuries." <mask> also admitted that he underestimated Pacquiao and that "it could be that he is just a great fighter who has improved." Final comeback at welterweight

<mask> vs. Senchenko
On 14 September 2012, <mask> confirmed he would return to professional boxing with a fight against an unnamed opponent scheduled to take place in November that year. Tickets for the comeback sold out in two days, before the opponent or undercard were announced.His opponent was later revealed to be Vyacheslav Senchenko. Having reached a maximum weight of nearly 15 stone (95 kg), in the months leading up to his comeback, <mask>'s bodyweight

masks: Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton


texts:
 decreased by nearly half his fighting weight. <mask> started the fight the stronger of the pair, but did not time his shots well. Senchenko used his superior reach to land jabs, and gained the upper hand as the fight progressed. In the ninth round, a left hook to the body sent <mask> to the floor. Knocked down by the type of punch previously viewed as his own signature, <mask> was counted out by the referee. It was the third time <mask> had been stopped, taking his overall record to 45 wins and 3 defeats.He announced his final retirement from the ring immediately afterwards, saying "I needed one more fight to see if I had still got it – and I haven't. I found out tonight it isn't there no more." Outside the ring

<mask> is a passionate supporter of Manchester City, with strong links to the club via his father and grandfather, who are both former players. Hatton also once had a trial at City for the youth team. His entrance music was the club's song "Blue Moon" as performed by the band "Supra". Regarding his nickname, Hatton said, "I've always been a fan of Tommy Hearns, and everybody associates that that's where I got it from, but everybody's a Tommy Hearns fan. I got the nickname the first day I walked in the gym.I was 10 years old and put a pair of gloves on and started walloping the bag, and my amateur coach said, "Look at him, look how evil he is. He's a little Hitman." <mask> is sometimes referred to by boxing fans as "<mask>ton" because he was known to allow himself to weigh as much as 175 to 180 pounds (35 to 40 pounds over his fight weight) when not in training for a fight. Ever since <mask> turned professional, he always opted to eat a full English breakfast before fights – his favourite place in Hyde is The Butty Box in Mottram Road, where he was interviewed by Gaby Logan for Inside Sport; and is known to drink Guinness on Thursday night when he plays darts for the New Inn. Experts

masks:
Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Ricky Fat
Hatton


texts: used his ill-balanced diet, akin to Jake LaMotta's ballooning up between fights, to explain his poor performances in later fights and his nature to tire towards the end of fights. <mask> appeared on ITV1's daytime show Loose Women in August 2007, stating that the reason he put on weight between fights was because "I have a lot on my plate at the moment." Hatton appeared on the Friday Night with Jonathan Ross show in March 2007.When the host, Ross, placed some pads on his hands and gave Hatton gloves to hit them with, he knocked a pad clean off Ross's hand with a powerful left hook. Interviewed on ITV1's Parkinson on 13 October 2007, at the beginning of the interview, Hatton handed Michael Parkinson a custom made pair of boxing shorts with 'Mike' and 'Parky' written on them. The shorts had the Barnsley emblem on them and were coloured red and blue, Barnsley Football Club's colours, because Parkinson supports Barnsley. While talking about Floyd Mayweather's arrogance, Hatton said "if there was such a thing as re-incarnation, Floyd would come back as himself." <mask> received the MBE for services to sport in the 2007 New Year Honours. In 2008, he started hosting his own live chat show called <mask>s, on Nuts TV. His father, <mask>, said, "We had a conversation with a third party asking whether, if we were approached by the Mayweather team, would a possible rematch be on the cards."<mask> added, "Really, at the moment we're looking at Manny Pacquiao. It's very nice for <mask> to still be in such a big league." Although negotiations stalled at some points, Hatton fought the number one pound-for-pound fighter, Manny Pacquiao, on 2 May 2009. Hatton hosted the 9 November 2009 edition of WWE Raw at the Sheffield Arena, defeating professional wrestler Chavo Guerrero in a match. On 13 September 2010, <mask> was admitted to a rehabilitation facility, The Priory, in Roehampton, London, England, for

masks:
Hatton
Hatton
Ricky Speak
Ray Hatton
Ray Hatton
Ricky
Hatton


texts:
 substance abuse to tackle a drink and depression problem. He was caught on camera apparently snorting class A drugs, lines of cocaine, in a Manchester hotel room. Doctors said they were more worried about his depression and alcohol abuse than drug use.Hatton sought medical help two weeks prior after news emerged about a night out where he drank 11 pints of Guinness, vodka and sambuca during the night out with Emma Bowe, 29, the Irish national senior women's boxing champion. Family
Hatton's mother, Carol, still works on the carpet stall on Glossop Market in the Peak District. His father Ray was his manager, and manages Hatton's brother and fellow boxer <mask>. Hatton and his girlfriend, Jennifer Dooley, lived in his house, the "Heartbreak Hotel", named after his favourite artist, Elvis, in Hyde. Hatton has a son, Campbell, conceived after a short reconciliation with ex-girlfriend Claire. Hatton set up a trust fund to make sure his son was always provided for and sees him every day. Campbell has followed in the footsteps of his father, <mask>, by pursuing a career in professional boxing.He is currently trained by <mask>'s brother, <mask>. On 12 September 2010, the Sunday tabloid News of the World published a front-page story alleging Hatton has been a regular cocaine user with accompanying pictures showing the boxer apparently using the drug. Hatton was said to be "devastated" following the story. <mask> is a supporter of The Village News, Haughton Green's local children's newspaper made by children in aid of charity. Hatton supported them at a charity auction by appearing and signing boxing gloves, with the evening raising £1,600. Hatton was also recently a special guest speaker for The Toby Henderson Trust at a sportsmans' dinner at the Gosforth Marriott Hotel. Thanks to Hatton's help via donations and a highly successful auction, a lot of money was raised for the Centre for First Initiatives

masks:
Matthew Hatton
Ricky
Ricky
Matthew Hatton
Charity Hatton


texts:
 in Crosby Liverpool.In 2013, Hatton became the patron of Manchester-based homeless charity Barnabus. Fans
Hatton has attracted many fans who were very vocal in their support during fights. The main chant was a modified version of the popular Christmas song "Winter Wonderland", with the lyrics changed to promote Hatton. Hatton fans also liked to taunt opponents by singing "Who Are Ya? ", a popular English football chant. Along with Floyd Mayweather, Hatton is referenced by New York rapper GZA on the track "Paper Plate" of his 2008 album, Pro Tools. Hatton Promotions

Hatton has his own boxing promotions that has boxers Anthony Upton, Sonny Upton, Paul Upton, Lucas Browne, Cameron Hammond, Damien Hooper, Zhanat Zhakiyanov, Adam Etches, Matty Askin, Scott Jenkins Sergey Rabchenko and Ryan Burnett.On 11 February 2017 Zhanat Zhakiyanov became the first fighter under Hatton Promotions, as well as trained by <mask>, to become world champion when he defeated Rau'shee Warren by split decision (SD) to win the WBA bantamweight title. Training career
<mask> is a boxing manager and trainer. He is the trainer of Nathan Gorman, the great nephew of Bartley Gorman King of Gypsies, Zhanat Zhakiyanov as well as Irish champion Paul Upton. Hatton is also the trainer of Tommy Fury, the younger brother of Tyson Fury, and was in the corner of Tyson for his fight against Deontay Wilder in 2018. Professional boxing record

Pay-per-view bouts

References

External links

1978 births
Living people
British boxing promoters
English autobiographers
English male boxers
Illeists
International Boxing Federation champions
Members of the Order of the British Empire
People from Hyde, Greater Manchester
Sportspeople from Stockport
World Boxing Association champions
International Boxing Organization champions
The Ring (magazine) champions
World light-welterweight boxing champions
World welterweight boxing champions
British Boxing

masks: Hatton Hatton


texts:
<mask> "Izzy<mask> () is the President and Chief Executive Officer of Birthright Israel Foundation, the non-profit organization that raises funds in the US to support Birthright Israel trips. <mask> joined Birthright Israel Foundation after serving as President and CEO of Development Corporation for Israel Bonds from October 2011 - October 2016. Prior to Israel Bonds, Tapoohi held director positions on the boards of leading Israeli and international companies, including Bezeq, Israel's largest telecommunications provider, and Africa-Israel Investments Ltd., an international holdings and investments group. He has been appointed to top-level advisory positions, including with the first and second Netanyahu governments, and has been involved with real estate and venture capital investments. Born in Israel and raised in Australia, <mask> immigrated to Israel with his family in 1979. Australia
<mask>, a certified accountant by training, began his professional career in 1970 at the Australian branch of Westinghouse Electric Corporation. In 1972, he joined the Australian subsidiary of Dutch company Philips Electronics.He was eventually appointed group financial controller of Philips Australia in Sydney in 1977, and, concurrently, was a member of the Committee for Current Cost Accounting of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Australia. Israel
Following his emigration in 1979,Tapoohi joined the auditing firm Luboshitz-Kasierer & Co. In 1981, <mask> was accepted to the Institute of Certified Public Accountants in Israel. Three years later, he was appointed chief financial officer and company secretary of Pioneer Israel – one of the country's 100 largest companies – operator of concrete plants, quarries, asphalt plants and vehicles to transport raw materials for construction. Tapoohi was also involved in the activities of the parent company, Pioneer International, dealing with international financing, dividend planning, and acquisition of businesses, particularly during the privatization process in Eastern Europe. In 1996, Tapoohi was named

masks:
Israel
" Tapoohi
Tapoohi
Tapoohi
Tapoohi
Tapoohi