texts:
<mask> (; born 18 September 1989) is a Congolese-Spanish professional basketball player for the Milwaukee Bucks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). <mask> was drafted by the  Seattle SuperSonics with the 24th overall pick in the 2008 NBA draft. <mask> is a three-time NBA All-Defensive First Team selection and has twice led the league in blocks. Although born in the Republic of the Congo, <mask> plays for the Spain national team. In 2019, he won his first NBA championship as a member of the Toronto Raptors. Early life
<mask> was born in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo, and is one of 18 children. Both his mother and his father were basketball players.His father played in the Republic of the Congo and with the Congolese national team, and his mother played for the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He started playing basketball at a very young age with his first club, Avenir du Rail, using the sport as an escape from his mother's untimely death and his father's imprisonment during the Second Congo War. His father organized for the family to flee the country prior to the war, but ended up as a political prisoner upon their return. After playing for the Avenir du Rail senior team, <mask> later joined rival club Inter Club junior team. <mask> preferred the club because of its better structure, as it provided sneakers and meals. With Inter's senior team, he played in the 2006 FIBA Africa Clubs Champions Cup, the highest competition in Africa. There, he led the competition in rebounds and was named to the competition's All-Star Five.Professional career

CB L'Hospitalet (2007–2008)
In March 2007, <mask> moved to France at the age of 17 and joined a second-division basketball team before moving to Spain, where he taught himself Spanish. In Spain, he soon began playing with a second-division basketball club CB L'Hospitalet. He averaged 10.8 points and

masks:
Serge Jonas Ibaka Ngobila
Ibaka
Ibaka
Ibaka
Ibaka
Ibaka
Ibaka
Ibaka


type: original

texts:
 8.2 rebounds and shot 55%. In 2008, he entered several international showcases, picking up an MVP award at the Reebok Eurocamp and the attention of NBA scouts. An NBA scout at one of the camps said that "athletically he's off the charts—there's no telling how good he can be". Transition to the NBA

<mask> was selected by the Seattle SuperSonics with the 24th pick in the 2008 NBA draft. He became the first player from the Republic of Congo to be selected in the draft, although the Oklahoma City Thunder (the re-branded SuperSonics that relocated to Oklahoma City six days after the draft) agreed to keep him in Europe.He then signed a three-year contract with Ricoh Manresa from the ACB League in Spain, keeping the option to leave for the NBA after each season. In the ACB, he averaged 7.1 points, 4.5 rebounds, and 1 block in 16 minutes per game. In July 2009, the Thunder paid the buyout, and signed him to a two-year contract with two more optional seasons. Oklahoma City Thunder (2009–2011)

Although coming to the NBA as a raw talent, <mask> had managed to become a starter in the Thunder rotation. He was often used for his energy in the paint, whether on defense or rebounding. In his first NBA season, <mask> played 18.1 minutes per game in 73 games, averaging 6.3 points, 5.4 rebounds and 1.3 blocks per game. His blocks average led all rookies in the 2009–10 season, and he ranked number 20 overall.In the first round of the playoffs against the Los Angeles Lakers, he played in 6 games, averaging 25.5 minutes, 7.8 points, 6.5 rebounds and 2 blocks per game. His 7 blocks in game two in Los Angeles was a record (youngest player to have 7 blocks in playoff game). On 19 February 2011, <mask> participated in the 2011 NBA Slam Dunk Contest. He began the contest with a free-throw line dunk. In the second round, <mask> grabbed a stuffed animal from the rim with his

masks: Ibaka Ibaka Ibaka Ibaka Ibaka


texts:
 mouth and dunked in one motion. However, he lost out to Blake Griffin in the competition. Real Madrid (2011)
During the 2011 NBA lockout, <mask> signed a two-month contract with Real Madrid in Spain alongside Spain national basketball team teammate and friend Rudy Fernández with an option to return to the NBA at the end of the lockout.Over 6 games in the Euroleague, he averaged 5.5 points, 4.7 rebounds and 2 blocks in 15 minutes per game. Return to Oklahoma City (2011–2016)
After the lockout, <mask> returned to the NBA from Spain. On 19 February 2012, he recorded his first career triple-double against the Denver Nuggets, scoring 14 points, grabbing 15 rebounds and getting a career-high 11 blocks. He played all 66 games in the shortened season as a starter, averaging the most blocks in the league, 3.6 per game. In voting for the Defensive Player of the Year, he finished second behind Tyson Chandler of the New York Knicks. In Game 4 of the Western Conference Finals against the San Antonio Spurs, <mask> went 11–11 from the field. Oklahoma City went on to win the series in six games and advance to the 2012 NBA Finals.In the Finals <mask> averaged 7 points and 5 rebounds, but the Thunder fell to the Miami Heat in five games. In August 2012, <mask> signed a four-year deal worth $48 million with the Thunder. During the 2012–13 NBA season, <mask> upped his scoring average from 9.1 to 13.2. He also averaged 7.7 rebounds, and a league-leading 3.0 blocks. For his defensive efforts, <mask> finished 3rd in Defensive Player of the Year voting, behind LeBron James and the winner, Marc Gasol. In the playoffs, the Thunder beat the Houston Rockets in 6 games, but fell to the Memphis Grizzlies in five games. <mask> averaged 12.8 points, 8.4 rebounds, and 3 blocks in the postseason but shot only 43.7% from the field, a near 14% drop off from his regular season field

masks: Ibaka Ibaka Ibaka Ibaka Ibaka Ibaka Ibaka Ibaka


texts:
 goal percentage of 57.3%.In 2013–14, <mask> averaged career highs of 15.1 points and 8.8 rebounds per game, and led the league in total blocks (219) for the fourth straight season. In a series-clinching win over the Los Angeles Clippers in the conference semifinals, <mask> suffered a left calf injury that was expected to sideline him for the remainder of the 2014 playoffs. However, he made his return in Game 3 against San Antonio Spurs in the Conference Finals. The Thunder eventually fell to the Spurs in six games as <mask> averaged 12.2 points, 7.3 rebounds and 2.4 blocks throughout the playoffs. <mask> was also named to the NBA All-Defensive First Team for the third consecutive year. On 19 February 2015, <mask> recorded 21 points and a career-high 22 rebounds in the 104–89 win over the Dallas Mavericks. On 17 March 2015, he was ruled out for four to six weeks after undergoing arthroscopic surgery to address right knee soreness.On 4 January 2016, <mask> scored a season-high 25 points in a loss to the Sacramento Kings. Orlando Magic (2016–2017)
On 23 June 2016, <mask> was traded to the Orlando Magic in exchange for Victor Oladipo, Ersan İlyasova and the draft rights to Domantas Sabonis, the 11th pick of the 2016 NBA draft. He made his debut for the Magic in their season opener on 26 October, recording 14 points and seven rebounds in a 108–96 loss to the Miami Heat. On 13 November 2016, he scored a career-high 31 points and hit a game-winning baseline jumper to lead the Magic to a 119–117 win over his former team, the Oklahoma City Thunder. Toronto Raptors (2017–2020)
On 14 February 2017, <mask> was traded to the Toronto Raptors in exchange for Terrence Ross and a future first-round draft pick (later used to draft Anžejs Pasečņiks). He made his debut for the Raptors ten days later, scoring 15 points in a 107–97 win over the Boston Celtics. On 21 March


texts:
 2017, against the Chicago Bulls, <mask> was ejected after an altercation with Bulls' center Robin Lopez.The next day, <mask> received a one-game suspension. On 7 July 2017, <mask> re-signed with the Raptors to a reported three-year, $65 million contract. On 4 November 2018, he made his first 14 shots on the way to a career-high 34 points in a 121–107 win over the Los Angeles Lakers. He finished the game 15 of 17 from the field and became the first player to start a game 14 of 14 from the field since Shaquille O'Neal did it in February 2006. On 3 February 2019, <mask> had 16 points and 12 rebounds in a 121–103 win over the Los Angeles Clippers, marking a career-best sixth straight double-double, Toronto's longest streak since Chris Bosh had eight in November 2009. On 12 March, <mask> was suspended for three games without pay due to an altercation with Marquese Chriss during a game against the Cleveland Cavaliers. In June 2019, <mask> helped the Raptors defeat the Golden State Warriors in six games during the NBA Finals to win his first NBA championship.On 5 February 2020, <mask> hit a game winning three pointer to lead the Raptors to a 119-118 win over the Indiana Pacers, extending the Raptors' win streak to 12, a franchise record. Los Angeles Clippers (2020–2022)
On 25 November 2020, <mask> signed with the Los Angeles Clippers. <mask> was reunited with former Raptors teammate Kawhi Leonard, both of whom were part of the 2018-19 championship squad. In his first game with the Clippers, <mask> had 15 points and 6 rebounds in a Clippers 116–109 win over the Lakers. Milwaukee Bucks (2022–present)
On 10 February 2022, <mask> was traded to the Milwaukee Bucks as part of a four-team trade. National team career

At youth level, <mask> represented the Republic of the Congo. At the 2006 FIBA Africa Under-18 Championship in Durban, he led all players in scoring

masks: Ibaka Ibaka Ibaka Ibaka Ibaka Ibaka Ibaka Ibaka Ibaka Ibaka Ibaka Ibaka


texts:
 and rebounds with an average of 18.6 points and 13.8 rebounds respectively.Years later, <mask> expressed a desire to play for the Spain national basketball team. After living in the country for four years, he was granted Spanish citizenship on 15 July 2011. His team won the gold medal in the Eurobasket 2011, beating France in the final by a score of 98–85. He won a silver medal with Spain at the 2012 Summer Olympics. Personal life
<mask> speaks four languages: Lingala, French, English and Spanish. <mask> is an avid chef. On his popular YouTube series “How Hungry Are You” <mask>, who refers to himself as Mafuzzy Chef, has served numerous delicacies to his teammates, including beef penis to Kawhi Leonard and lamb brain to the Raptors bench players.<mask> is known for his sophisticated fashion. In 2019, he was named to Vanity Fair's Best Dressed List. <mask> refers to his sartorial efforts as “Art”. <mask> has a daughter, Ranie, who was born when he was still a teenager, shortly after he left the Republic of the Congo. Ranie was raised by her mother and Ibaka's father; father and daughter did not know of each other until Ranie was 3 years old, and they met for the first time when she was 5 years old. <mask>'s younger brother, Igor, is a former NCAA basketball player for the Oklahoma State Cowboys. On 3 April 2017, <mask> was announced as the newest member elected to the board of directors of the NBPA Foundation.The NBPA Foundation is the charitable arm of the National Basketball Players Association, the union for current professional basketball players in the NBA. The Foundation provides strategic funding and support for players' community engagement initiatives worldwide. Ibaka is related to Romanian actor and TV host Cabral Ibacka. Relationships

<mask> has been in relationships with Angela Simmons (2017 - 2018), Keri Hilson (2012 - 2016) and Hedisa

masks: Ibaka Ibaka Ibaka Ibaka Ibaka Ibaka Ibaka Ibaka Ibaka Ibaka


texts:
<mask> (born 16 October 1938) is a former Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as Minister for Foreign Affairs from March 1982 to December 1982 and 1989 to 1992, Minister for Justice from 1977 to 1981 and 1987 to 1989, Minister for Posts and Telegraphs from 1970 to 1973, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Industry and Commerce and Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for the Gaeltacht from 1969 to 1970. He was a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for the Munster constituency from 1994 to 2004. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Limerick West constituency from 1967 to 1997. Early life
<mask> was born in Abbeyfeale, County Limerick, in 1938. The son of <mask>, his father was a former adjutant of the West Limerick Brigade of the Irish Republican Army during the Irish War of Independence. He took the republican side during the subsequent Civil War. He was elected to Dáil Éireann at the 1948 general election as a Fianna Fáil candidate.<mask> was educated locally at St. Ita's College before later attending the Patrician College, Ballyfin. Following the completion of his secondary schooling, he attended University College Dublin, where he became secretary of the Kevin Barry Cumann of Fianna Fáil. He unsuccessfully ran for Student Union president but was defeated by Brendan Ó Cathaoir. <mask> subsequently worked as a vocational school teacher. Political career
<mask> first became involved in politics in 1965, when he was appointed assistant general-secretary of Fianna Fáil. Following the death of his father in 1967, he was elected to Dáil Éireann for Limerick West in the subsequent by-election. He was also co-opted onto Limerick County Council and various other local committees.Following Fianna Fáil's re-election at the 1969 general election, <mask> secured promotion as a Parliamentary Secretary to George

masks:
James Gerard Collins
Collins
James Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins


texts:
 Colley, the Minister for Industry and Commerce and the Gaeltacht. Here he largely had responsibility for the promotion of Gaeltacht affairs and the Irish language. Minister for Posts and Telegraphs (1970–1973)
In the wake of the Arms Crisis in 1970, a major reshuffle of the cabinet took place. Four ministers, Charles Haughey, Neil Blaney, Kevin Boland and Mícheál Ó Móráin, were either sacked, resigned or retired from the government, due to the scandal that was about to take place. <mask> was appointed Minister for Posts and Telegraphs. It was a tough time for Fianna Fáil, as the party nearly faced a split due disagreements over its Northern Ireland policy. <mask>, in spite of coming from a strong republican background, remained loyal to Taoiseach Jack Lynch in his moderate approach to the Northern Ireland situation.During his tenure as a Minister, <mask> introduced a controversial law which prohibited organisations committed to violence, such as the IRA, from making media broadcasts. On 19 November 1972, an interview with Seán Mac Stíofáin was broadcast on the RTÉ This Week radio programme. Mac Stíofáin was arrested on the same day and the interview was later used as evidence against him on a trial of IRA membership, and on 25 November, he was sentenced to six months imprisonment by the Special Criminal Court in Dublin. Political fallout arising from the interview was considerable and some days later, <mask> sacked the entire RTÉ Authority as he felt that they disobeyed the controversial new law. In 1973, Fianna Fáil were ousted after sixteen years in government, as the National Coalition of Fine Gael and the Labour Party took office. <mask> was retained on Jack Lynch's new front bench as Spokesperson for Agriculture. After two years in that position he was promoted to Spokesperson for Justice in a front bench reshuffle in

masks: Collins Collins Collins Collins Collins


texts:
 1975.In this capacity he was highly critical of the government's management of the Garda Síochána. Minister for Justice (1977–1981)
In defiance of the opinion polls and political commentators Fianna Fáil swept to power with a huge 20-seat Dáil majority following the 1977 general election. <mask>, at thirty-eight years of age, was one of the youngest members of Jack Lynch's new cabinet and was appointed Minister for Justice. In spite of the sensitive nature of the portfolio, he was viewed as a safe pair of hands. He had a good working relationship with the Garda Síochána, primarily due to his establishment of the Ryan tribunal, which saw all ranks receive huge pay increases in his first year in office. In December 1979, Jack Lynch resigned as Taoiseach and as Fianna Fáil leader. The succession resulted in a straight contest between Charles Haughey and George Colley.The latter had the backing of the majority of the existing cabinet, including <mask>, however, a backbench revolt saw Haughey become Taoiseach. <mask>, much to his disappointment, was retained in his existing position as Minister for Justice, holding office until Fianna Fáil lost power following the 1981 general election. Minister for Foreign Affairs (1982)
The Fine Gael-Labour government was short-lived and Fianna Fáil returned to power, following the February 1982 general election. <mask> was rewarded by being named Minister for Foreign Affairs, in Haughey's second cabinet. One of the major incidents of his tenure at Iveagh House was the outbreak of the Falklands War. Although Anglo-Irish relations were at an all-time low, <mask> opposed the act of aggression by the Argentinian government at United Nations and EEC levels. The Fianna Fáil government fell in October of that same year and <mask>'s party were out of power following the November 1982 general

masks: Collins Collins Collins Collins Collins Collins


texts:
 election.A period of instability followed within Fianna Fáil as a number of TDs attempted to oust Charles Haughey as party leader. Desmond O'Malley was seen as the clear front-runner to succeed Haughey, however, <mask>'s name was also mentioned alongside former European Commissioner Michael O'Kennedy. In the end, Haughey survived as party leader, after being told at a meeting of the parliamentary party by <mask> that Fianna Fáil had lost credibility due to his continued leadership. In spite of this he was subsequently appointed front bench spokesperson on Foreign Affairs on the new front bench. Minister for Justice/Foreign Affairs (1987–1992)
The results of the 1987 general election saw Fianna Fáil return to power as a minority government. <mask> was disappointed to return to his old position as Minister for Justice, preferring instead to take over as Foreign Minister, however, he was once again regarded as a safe pair of hands in a controversial portfolio. Fianna Fáil retained power following the 1989 general election, albeit with the support of the Progressive Democrats in a coalition government.<mask> returned to the cabinet in his preferred position as Minister for Foreign Affairs. January 1990, saw him take over as President of the European Community Council of Ministers during Ireland's six-month tenure. This was largely seen as a very successful presidency for the Irish government and was a personal triumph for <mask>. In 1991, tensions began to surface within Fianna Fáil regarding the continued leadership of Charles Haughey. Minister for Finance Albert Reynolds was the main challenger, however, he had little support from his cabinet colleagues. In an infamous interview on the Six One News <mask> made a plea to Reynolds asking him not to challenge Haughey for the leadership of the Fianna Fáil party: "This is going to


texts:
 wreck our party right down the centre and it's going to burst up government". The incident was much parodied, particularly by Dermot Morgan later that year.Reynolds's leadership challenge failed on that occasion and Haughey survived. In February 1992, Haughey stepped down as Taoiseach and Fianna Fáil leader and Reynolds immediately threw his hat in the ring in the leadership contest. <mask> contemplated running in the leadership race after a number of approaches from his colleagues, however, in the end he declined to stand. Reynolds won the subsequent leadership election by a large majority. The formation of his new cabinet caused widespread shock as <mask> and seven of his cabinet colleagues were effectively sacked in favour of supporters of the new Taoiseach. This effectively brought <mask>'s domestic career in politics to an end. Member of the European Parliament (1994–2004)
In 1994, <mask> was elected as an MEP for the Munster constituency.He retired from domestic politics at the 1997 general election, being replaced by his brother, Michael J<mask>. <mask> was re-elected to the European Parliament in 1999, but lost his bid for another term at the 2004 European Parliament elections. Subsequent to this defeat, he announced his retirement from politics. References

External links

1938 births
Living people
Ministers for Foreign Affairs (Ireland)
Fianna Fáil TDs
Members of the 18th Dáil
Members of the 19th Dáil
Members of the 20th Dáil
Members of the 21st Dáil
Members of the 22nd Dáil
Members of the 23rd Dáil
Members of the 24th Dáil
Members of the 25th Dáil
Members of the 26th Dáil
Members of the 27th Dáil
Politicians from County Limerick
MEPs for the Republic of Ireland 1999–2004
MEPs for the Republic of Ireland 1994–1999
Fianna Fáil MEPs
Ministers for Justice (Ireland)
Irish schoolteachers
Parliamentary Secretaries of

masks:
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
. Collins
Collins


texts:
<mask> (professionally known as D.D.L<mask>, ; born 1952) is an American scientist and university professor. Early life and education
<mask> was born and raised in Hong Kong. Her mother was <mask> (United States World War II veteran with the Flying Tigers and the United States Army in China), whose mother was Lee Sun Chau (one of the first female doctors of Western Medicine in China). <mask> studied at Ying Wa Girls' School and King's College (Hong Kong). She moved to the United States in 1970 and received a B.S. degree in Engineering and Applied Science and an M.S.degree in Engineering Science from California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in 1973. At Caltech, she conducted research under the supervision of Pol Duwez. She, Sharon R. Long, Flora Wu and Stephanie Charles are the four first women to receive B.S. degrees from Caltech. <mask> received a Ph.D. degree in Materials Science from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1977. Her thesis, which was on graphite intercalation compounds, was supervised by Mildred S. Dresselhaus. Career and awards
In 1977, <mask> joined the faculty of Carnegie Mellon University, where she taught materials science and electrical engineering.In 1986, she joined the faculty of University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, where she directs the Composite Materials Research Laboratory and was named Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation Endowed Chair Professor in 1991. In 1991, she became Fellow of the American Carbon Society. In 1998, she became Fellow of ASM International (society). She received the Chancellor's Award

masks:
Deborah Duen Ling Chung
. Chung
Chung
Rebecca Chan Chung
Chung
Chung
Chung


texts:
 for Excellence in Scholarship and Creative Activities from State University of New York in 2003 and was named Outstanding Inventor by State University of New York in 2002. In 1993, she was honored as "Teacher of the Year" by Tau Beta Pi (New York Nu). <mask> was the first American woman and the first person of Chinese descent to receive the Charles E. Pettinos Award, in 2004; the award was in recognition of her work on functional carbons for thermal, electromagnetic and sensor applications. In 2005, she received the Hsun Lee Lecture Award from Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences.In 2011, she received an Honorary Doctorate Degree from University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain. In addition, <mask> received the Robert Lansing Hardy Gold Medal from American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers (AIME) in 1980. Scientific work

Scope
The main theme of <mask> research is composite materials, with emphasis on multifunctional structural materials, materials for thermal management and electronic packaging, materials for electromagnetic interference shielding, structural materials for vibration damping, and structural materials for thermoelectricity. <mask> invented "smart concrete" (concrete that can sense its own condition), nickel nanofiber (also known as nickel filament, for electromagnetic interference shielding) and conformable thermal paste (for improving thermal contacts, with applications in microelectronic cooling). <mask> is highly productive in scientific research, with research funding provided mainly by the Federal

masks: Chung Chung Chung Chung Chung


texts:
 government of the United States. Scientific impact
A. Pioneer and international leader in the field of multifunctional structural materials (without device incorporation), with the following specific contributions.1. Invention of smart (self-sensing) concrete and associated development of piezoresistivity-based strain sensing in cement-based and carbon fiber composites. 2. Discovery of the function of the interlaminar interface in carbon fiber polymer-matrix composites as a sensor, thus enabling unprecedentedly high sensitivity to changes at this damage-prone interface. 3. Development of the self-sensing in carbon fiber polymer-matrix composite beams under flexure by surface resistance measurement, with the strain at the tensile and compressive surfaces separately and sensitively determined, and with the piezoresisitivity mechanism elucidated. 4.Development of capacitance-based self-sensing, with applications including 3D-printing monitoring (with unprecedented ability of sensing interlayer defects in the build). 5. First report of structural capacitors (i.e., capacitors in the form of structural materials). 6. Pioneering the emerging field of conductive dielectric materials, first determination of the electric permittivity of carbons and metals, and discovery of the application in electret-based self-powering (with self-charging capability), with the discovery allowing structures to be energy sources (a new untapped source of energy), and with elucidation of the dielectric behavior in terms of the carrier-atom interaction (carrier meaning the mobile charges).


texts:
 7. Discovery of interface-derived viscoelasticity and the consequent development of structural materials that are effective for vibration damping.B. Pioneer and international leader in the field of thermal interface materials for microelectronic cooling, with the following specific contributions. 1. Changing the paradigm of the design of thermal interface materials from thermal-conductivity-based design to conformability-based design, thereby resulting in the development of superior but low-cost thermal interface materials that excel due to conformability. 2. Development of highly effective thermal pastes with conformable solid components. C.	Pioneer and international leader in the field of materials for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, with the following specific contributions.1. Changing the paradigm of the design of EMI shielding materials from electrical-conductivity-based design to interface-area-based design, thereby resulting in the development of a highly effective EMI shielding material in the form of nickel-coated carbon nanofiber (originally known as nickel filament). 2. Discovery of absorption-dominated EMI shielding in metals, the shielding of which has long been assumed to be dominated by reflection. 3. Discovery of unusually high EMI shielding effectiveness in exfoliated-graphite-based flexible graphite sheets, which are valuable for EMI gasketing. 4.Development of radio-wave reflective concrete and its application in automobile lateral guidance. Books
<mask> is the author of "Carbon Materials", World Scientific, 2018,Carbon


texts:
 Composites, 2nd Edition, Elsevier, 2016, Functional Materials, World Scientific, 2nd Ed., 2021 and Composite Materials: Science and Applications, 2nd Edition, Springer, 2010. She is the Editor of two book series, The Road to Scientific Success and Engineering Materials for Technological Needs. Professional leadership
According to the 2020 Stanford University publication-based ranking of all the researchers in the world (living and dead) for all fields (not just science), <mask> is ranked No. 14 among 177,931 researchers in the world in the field of Materials. (If only women are counted, <mask> is ranked No. 1 in the world in this field.If only researchers of Chinese descent are counted, <mask> is ranked No. 1 in the world in this field.) According to the 2021 Stanford University ranking of all the researchers in the world in the field of building and construction, <mask> is ranked No. 1. Among the researchers in University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, for all fields combined, <mask> is ranked No. 1. <mask> is among 100 scientists featured in the book Successful Women Ceramic and Glass Scientists and Engineers: 100 Inspirational Profiles.She has been interviewed by the news media concerning various scientific topics including conductive concrete for melting snow, smart concrete, and batteries. <mask> is Associate Editor of the Journal of Electronic Materials, and is a member of the Editorial Board of the Carbon journal, a member of the Editorial Board of the New Carbon Materials journal, and an Editor of Carbon Letters. She is also a member of

masks: Chung Chung Chung Chung Chung Chung Chung


texts:
 the Editorial Board of "Materials Chemistry and Physics" journal, "Functional Composite Materials" journal, and "Polymer and Polymer Composites" journal. She also served as the Chair of the 21st Biennial Conference on Carbon held in Buffalo, New York, in 1993. Moreover, she was a member of the Advisory Committee of the American Carbon Society. In addition, <mask> serves as a reviewer for a large number of scientific research journals. Recent work at the National Academies includes serving as a member of the Panel on Review of In-house Laboratory Independent Research in Materials Sciences at the Army’s Research, Development, and Engineering Centers in 2018-19.Patents
<mask> is the inventor in numerous issued patents related to cement, carbon, ceramics and composites. Recent patents include the following. D.D.L. <mask>, "Cement-based material systems and method for self-sensing and weighing”, U.S. Patent 10,620,062 B2. D.D.L. <mask>, "Systems and method for monitoring three-dimensional printing", U.S. Patent 10449721. D.D.L.<mask>, "Thixotropic liquid-metal-based fluid and its use in making metal-based structures with or without a mold", U.S. Patent 9993996 B2; China Patent CN 105458254A; Hong Kong patent pending

D.D.L. <mask> and Xiaoqing Gao, "Microstructured high-temperature hybrid material, its composite material and method of making", U.S. Patent 9409823. D.D.L<mask> and Sivaraja Muthusamy, "Cement-Graphite Composite Materials for Vibration Damping", U.S. Patent 8,211,227 (2012). D.D.L<mask>, "Electrically conductive electret and associated electret-based

masks:
Chung
Chung
Chung
Chung
Chung
Chung
. Chung
. Chung


texts:
 power source and self-powered structure”, U.S. Patent 11081285 (Aug. 3, 2021). Research journal publications
<mask>'s scientific publications have been highly cited.Google Scholar: h-index = 103, 39437 citations, annual citations reaching 3053. Web of Science: h-index = 75, 22395 citations, annual citations reaching 2000. <mask>'s scientific journal publications since 2016 are listed below. Teaching
<mask> is a dedicated teacher of materials science both in the classroom and in the research laboratory. Her courses include Principles of Material Design, Experimental Methods in Materials Science and Engineering and Smart Materials. Most of her research has involved graduate students, but she also supervises undergraduate research. Graduate students involved in authoring the above recent publications are Po-Hsiu Chen, Andi Wang, Yoshihiro Takizawa, Xinghua Hong, Asma A. Eddib, Min Wang, Ailipati Delixiati, Alexander S. Haddad, Xiang Xi and Wenyi Yang.Undergraduate students involved in authoring the above recent publications are Patatri Chakraborty, Sanjaya Somaratna, Miguel Ramirez and Chi Xu. In addition, <mask> shares her life experience with students. Historical work
<mask> is a co-author of the book Piloted to Serve, an autobiography of her mother, Rebecca Chan <mask> (1920-2011), a nurse with the Flying Tigers, United States Army and China National Aviation Corporation during World War II. <mask>'s historical work pertains to modern Chinese history, as centered around her mother Rebecca Chan <mask> and grandmother Lee Sun Chau (1890-1979). Chau was one of the

masks: Chung Chung Chung Chung Chung Chung Chung Chung


texts:
 earliest Chinese female doctors of Western Medicine in China. Speaking
<mask> speaks broadly on topics related to science and history. The venues include conferences, universities, and community events.Recent keynote/plenary lecture engagements include the 2017 International Carbon Conference held in Sydney, Australia. and the 2021 Turkish 3rd National Carbon Conference. References

External links
Dr. <mask>'s Research Laboratory Web Site

1952 births
California Institute of Technology alumni
Carnegie Mellon University faculty
Alumni of King's College, Hong Kong
Hong Kong emigrants to the United States
Living people
MIT School of Engineering alumni
American materials scientists
Carbon scientists
People from East Amherst, New York
Scientists from New York (state)
University at Buffalo

masks: Chung Chung


texts:
<mask>  (13 February 1911 – 20 November 1984) was a Pakistani poet, and author in Urdu and Punjabi  language. He was one of the most celebrated writers of the Urdu language in Pakistan. Outside literature, he has been described as "a man of wide experience" having been a teacher, an army officer, a journalist, a trade unionist and a broadcaster. <mask> was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature and won the Lenin Peace Prize. Born in Punjab, British India, <mask> went on to study at Government College and Oriental College. He went on to serve in the British Indian Army. After Pakistan's independence, <mask> became the editor to The Pakistan Times and a leading member of the Communist Party before being arrested in 1951 as an alleged part of conspiracy to overthrow the Liaquat administration and replace it with a left-wing government.<mask> was released after four years in prison and went on to become a notable member of the Progressive Writers' Movement and eventually an aide to the Bhutto administration, before being self-exiled to Beirut. <mask> was an avowed Marxist, and he received the Lenin Peace Prize by the Soviet Union in 1962. His work remains influential in Pakistan literature and arts. <mask>'s literary work was posthumously publicly honoured when the Pakistan Government conferred upon him the nation's highest civil award, Nishan-e-Imtiaz, in 1990. Personal life

Early life

<mask> <mask> was born into a Jatt family on 13 February 1911, in Kala Qader (present-day Faiz Nagar), District Narowal, Punjab, British India. <mask> hailed from an academic family that was well known in

masks:
Faiz Ahmad Faiz
Faiz
Faiz
Faiz
Faiz
Faiz
Faiz
Faiz
Ahmad Faiz
Faiz


texts:
 literary circles. His home was often the scene of a gathering of local poets and writers who met to promote the literacy movement in his native province.His father Sultan Muhammad Khan was a barrister who worked for the British Government, and an autodidact who wrote and published the biography of Amir Abdur Rahman, an Emir of Imperial Afghanistan. Education
 Following the Muslim South Asian tradition, his family directed him to study Islamic studies at the local Mosque to be oriented to the basics of religious studies by Maulana Hafiz Muhammad Ibrahim Mir Sialkoti, an Ahl-i Hadith scholar. According to Muslim tradition, he learned Arabic, Persian, Urdu language and the Quran. <mask> was also a Pakistan nationalist, and often said, "Purify your hearts, so you can save the country...". His father later took him out of Islamic school because <mask>, who went to a Madrassa for a few days found that the impoverished children there, were not comfortable having him around and ridiculed him, as much as he tried to make them feel at ease. <mask> came to the Madrassa in neat clothes, in a horse-drawn carriage, while the students of the school were from a very poor backgrounds and used to sit on the floor on straw mats In 'Faiznama', his close friend Dr. Ayub Mirza recalls that Faiz came home and told his father he was not going to attend the Madrassa anymore. His father then admitted him to the Scotch Mission School, which was managed and run by a local British family.After matriculation, he joined the Murray College at Sialkot for intermediate study. In 1926, <mask> enrolled in Department of Languages

masks: Faiz Faiz Faiz Faiz


texts:
 and Fine Arts of the Government College, Lahore. While there, he was greatly influenced by Shams-ul-Ulema, Professor Mir Hassan who taught [Arabic] and Professor Pitras Bukhari . Professor Hasan had also taught the renowned philosopher, poet, and politician of South Asia, Dr. Muhammad Iqbal. In 1926, Faiz attained his BA with Honors in Arabic language, under the supervision of Professor Mir Hassan. In 1930, Faiz joined the post-graduate program of the GC, obtaining MA in English literature in 1932. The same year, <mask> passed his post-graduate exam in the 1st Division from Punjab University's Oriental College, where he obtained a master's degree in Arabic in 1932.It was during his college years that he met M. N. Roy and Muzaffar Ahmed who influenced him to become a member of the Communist Party. Marriage
In 1941, <mask> became affectionate with Alys <mask>, a British national and a member of Communist Party of the United Kingdom, who was a student at the Government College University where <mask> taught poetry. The marriage ceremony took place in Srinagar while nikah ceremony was performed in Pari Mahal. He and his spouse stayed in the building what is now called Government College for Women, M.A. Road. Faiz’s host, M D Taseer, who was posted as a college principal at that time, was later married to Alys's sister Christobel. Faiz's nikkah ceremony was attended by Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad, Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq, and Sheikh Abdullah along with others.While Alys opted for Pakistan citizenship, she was a vital member of Communist Party of Pakistan, played a significant role in Rawalpindi Conspiracy


texts:
 Case when she brought together the communist mass. Together, the couple gave birth to two daughters Salima and Moneeza Hashmi. Career

Academia and literacy

In 1935 <mask> joined the faculty of Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College at Amritsar, serving as a lecturer in English and British literature. Later in 1937, <mask> moved to Lahore to reunite with his family after accepting the professorship at the Hailey College of Commerce, initially teaching introductory courses on economics and commerce. In 1936, <mask> joined a literary movement, (PWM) and was appointed its first secretary by his fellow Marxist Sajjad Zaheer. In East and West-Pakistan, the movement gained considerable support in civil society. In 1938, he became editor-in-chief of the monthly Urdu magazine "Adab-e-Latif (lit.Belles Letters) until 1946. In 1941, <mask> published his first literary book "Naqsh-e-Faryadi" (lit. Imprints) and joined the Pakistan Arts Council (PAC) in 1947. <mask> was a good friend of Soviet poet Yevgeny Yevtushenko who once said "In <mask>'s autobiography... is his poetry, the rest is just a footnote". During his lifetime, <mask> published eight books and received accolades for his works. <mask> was a humanist, a lyrical poet, whose popularity reached neighbouring India and Soviet Union. Indian biographer Amaresh Datta, compared Faiz as "equal esteem in both East and West".Throughout his life, his revolutionary poetry addressed the tyranny of military dictatorships, tyranny, and oppressions, <mask> himself never compromised on his principles despite being threatened by the right-wing parties in Pakistan.

masks: Faiz Faiz Faiz Faiz Faiz Faiz Faiz Faiz Faiz


texts:
 <mask>'s writings are comparatively new verse form in Urdu poetry based on Western models. <mask> was influenced by the works of Allama Iqbal and Mirza Ghalib, assimilating the modern Urdu with the classical. Faiz used more and more demands for the development of socialism in the country, finding socialism the only solution of country's problems. During his life, <mask> was concerned with more broader socialists ideas, using Urdu poetry for the cause and expansion of socialism in the country. The Urdu poetry and Ghazals influenced <mask> to continue his political themes as non-violent and peaceful, opposing the far right politics in Pakistan. Military service
On 11 May 1942, <mask> was commissioned in the British Indian Army as a second lieutenant in the 18th Royal Garhwal Rifles.Initially assigned as a public relations officer in the General Staff Branch, <mask> received rapid promotions in succession to acting captain on 18 July 1942, war-substantive lieutenant and temporary captain on 1 November 1942, acting major on 19 November 1943 and to temporary major and war-substantive captain on 19 February 1944. On 30 December 1944, he received a desk assignment as an assistant director of public relations on the staff of the North-Western Army, with the local rank of lieutenant-colonel. For his service, he was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire, Military Division (MBE) in the 1945 New Year Honours list. <mask> served with a unit led by Akbar Khan, a left-wing officer and future Pakistan Army general. He remained in the army for a short period after the war, receiving promotion to

masks: Faiz Faiz Faiz Faiz Faiz Faiz Faiz


texts:
 acting lieutenant-colonel in 1945 and to war-substantive major and temporary lieutenant-colonel on 19 February 1946. In 1947, <mask> opted for the newly established State of Pakistan. However, after witnessing the 1947 Kashmir war with India, <mask> decided to leave the army and submitted his resignation in 1947.Internationalism and communism

<mask> believed in Internationalism and emphasised the philosophy on Global village. In 1947, he became editor of the Pakistan Times and in 1948, <mask> became vice-president of the Pakistan Trade Union Federation (PTUF). In 1950, <mask> joined the delegation of Prime minister Liaquat Ali Khan, initially leading a business delegation in the United States, attending the meeting at the International Labour Organization (ILO) at San Francisco. During 1948–50, <mask> led the PTUF's delegation in Geneva, and became an active member of World Peace Council (WPC). <mask> was a well-known communist in the country and had been long associated with the Communist Party of Pakistan, which he founded in 1947 along with Marxist Sajjad Zaheer and Jalaludin Abdur Rahim. <mask> had his first exposure to socialism and communism before the independence of State of Pakistan which he thought was consistent with his progressive thinking. Faiz had long associated ties with the Soviet Union, a friendship with atheist country that later honoured him with high award.Even after his death, the Russian government honoured him by calling him "our poet" to many Russians. However his popularity was waned in Bangladesh after 1971 when Dhaka did not win much support for him. <mask> and


texts:
 other pro-communists had no political role in the country, despite their academic brilliance. Although <mask> was a not a hardcore or far-left communist, he spent most of the 1950s and 1960s promoting the cause of communism in Pakistan. During the time when <mask> was editor of the Pakistan Times, one of the leading newspapers of the 1950s, he lent editorial support to the party. He was also involved in the circle lending support to military personnel (e.g. Major General Akbar Khan).His involvement with the party and Major General Akbar Khan's coup plan led to his imprisonment later. Later in his life, while giving an interview with the local newspaper, <mask> was asked by the interviewer as if he was a communist. He replied with characteristic nonchalance: "No. I am not, a communist is a person who is a card carrying member of the Communist party ever made. The party is banned in our country. So how can I be a communist?...". Rawalpindi plot and exile

The Liaquat Ali Khan's government failure to capture Indian-administered Kashmir had frustrated the military leaders of the Pakistan Armed Forces in 1948, including Jinnah.A writer had argued that Jinnah had serious doubt of Ali Khan's ability to ensure the integrity and sovereignty of Pakistan. After returning from the United States, Ali Khan imposed restrictions on Communist party as well as Pakistan Socialist Party. Although the East Pakistan Communist Party had ultimate success in East-Pakistan after staging the mass protest to recognise Bengali language as national language. After Jinnah founded it, the Muslim League was struggling to

masks: Faiz Faiz Faiz


texts: survive in West-Pakistan. Therefore, Prime minister Liaquat Ali Khan imposed extreme restrictions and applied tremendous pressure on the communist party that ensured it was not properly allowed to function openly as a political party. The conspiracy had been planned by left-wing military officer and Chief of General Staff Major-General Akbar Khan. On 23 February 1951, a secret meeting was held at General Akbar's home, attended by other communist officers and communist party members, including Marxist Sajjad Zaheer and communist <mask>.General Akbar assured <mask> and Zaheer that the communist party would be allowed to function as a legitimate political party like any other party and to take part in the elections. But, according to communist Zafar Poshni who maintained, in 2011, that "no agreement was reached, the plan was disapproved, the communists weren't ready to accept General's words and the participants dispersed without meeting again". However the next morning, the plot was foiled when one of the communist officer defected to the ISI revealing the motives behind the plot. When the news reached the Prime minister, orders for massive arrests were given to the Military Police by the Prime minister. Before the coup could be initiated, General Akbar among other communists were arrested, including <mask>. In a trial led by the Judge Advocate General branch's officers in a military court, <mask> was announced to have spent four years in Montgomery Central Jail (MCJ), due to his influential personality, Liaquat Ali Khan's government continued locating him in Central Prison Karachi and the Central


texts:
 Jail Mianwali. The socialist Huseyn Suhravardie was his defence counselor.Finally on 2 April 1955, <mask>'s sentence was commuted by the Prime minister Huseyn Suhrawardy, and he departed to London, Great Britain soon after. In 1958, <mask> returned but was again detained by President Iskander Mirza, allegedly blamed <mask> for publishing pro-communist ideas and for advocating a pro-Moscow government. However, due to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's influence on Ayub Khan, <mask>'s sentence was commuted in 1960 and he departed to Moscow, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; he later settled in London, United Kingdom. Return to Pakistan and government work

In 1964, <mask> finally returned to his country and settled down in Karachi, and was appointed Rector of Abdullah Haroon College. Having served as the secretary of the Pakistan Arts Council from 1959 to 1962, he became its vice-president the same year. In 1965, <mask> was first brought to government by the charismatic democratic socialist Zulfikar Ali Bhutto who was tenuring as Foreign minister in the presidency of Ayub Khan. Bhutto lobbied for <mask> and gave him an honorary capacity at the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MoIB) working to rallying the people of West-Pakistan to fight against India to defend their motherland.During the 1971 Winter war, <mask> rallied to mobilise the people, writing poems and songs that opposed the bloodshed during the Bangladesh Liberation War. In 1972, Prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto brought him back when Bhutto appointed <mask> as Culture adviser at the Ministry of Culture (MoCul) and the Ministry of


texts:
 Education (MoEd). <mask> continued serving in Bhutto's government until 1974 when he took retirement from the government assignments. <mask> had strong ties with Bhutto, and was deeply upset upon Bhutto's removal by Chief of Army Staff General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq in 1977, in a military coup codename Fair Play. Again, <mask> was monitored by Military Police and his every move watched. In 1979, <mask> departed from Pakistan after learning the news that Bhutto's execution had taken place. <mask> took asylum in Beirut, Lebanon, where he edited the Soviet-sponsored magazine Lotus and met well-known Arab figures like Edward Said and Yasser Arafat, but returned to Pakistan in poor health after the renewal of the Lebanon War in 1982.In 1984, <mask> died in Lahore, Punjab Province, shortly after hearing that he had received a nomination for the Nobel Prize for Literature. Legacy

Although living a simple and restless life, <mask>'s work, political ideology, and poetry became immortal, and he has often been called the "greatest poet" of Pakistan. <mask> remained an extremely popular and influential figure in the literary development of Pakistan's arts, literature, and drama and theatre adaptation. In 1962, <mask> was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize which enhanced the relations of his country with the Soviet Union which at that time had been hostile and antagonistic relations with Pakistan. The Lenin Peace Prize was a Soviet equivalent of Nobel Peace Prize, and helped lift Faiz's image even higher in the international community. It also brought Soviet Union and Pakistan much closer, offering possibilities


texts:
 for bettering the lives of their people. Most of his work has been translated into the Russian language.<mask>, whose work is considered the backbone of development of Pakistan's literature, arts and poetry, was one of the most beloved poets in the country. Along with Allama Iqbal, <mask> is often known as the "Poet of the East". While commenting on his legacy, classical singer Tina Sani said:

Accolades and international recognition
<mask> was the first Asian poet to receive the Lenin Peace Prize, awarded by the Soviet Union in 1962. In 1976 he was awarded the Lotus Prize for Literature. He was also nominated for the lenin Prize shortly before his death in 1984. At the Lenin Peace Prize ceremony, held in the grand Kremlin hall in Moscow, <mask> thanked the Soviet government for conferring the honour, and delivered an acceptance speech, which appears as a brief preface to his collection Dast-i-tah-i-Sang (Hand under the rock):

In 1990, he was belatedly honoured by the Pakistan Government when ruling Pakistan Peoples Party led by Prime minister Benazir Bhutto, accepting the recommendation, and posthumously awarded Faiz, the highest civilian award, Nishan-e-Imtiaz in 1990. In 2011, the Pakistan Peoples Party's government declared the year of 2011 "as the year of Faiz <mask>".In accordance, the Pakistan Government set up a "Faiz Chair" at the Department of Urdu at the Karachi University and at the Sindh University, followed by the Government College University of Lahore established the Patras, Faiz Chair at the Department of Urdu of the university, also in 2011. The same year, the Government

masks:
Faiz
Faiz
Faiz
Faiz
Ahmed Faiz


texts:
 College University (GCU) presented golden shields to the University's Urdu department. The shields were issued and presented by the GCU vice-chancellor Professor Dr. Khaleequr Rehman, who noted and further wrote: "Faiz was poet of humanity, love and resistance against oppression". In 2012, at the memorial ceremony was held at the Jinnah Garden to honour the services of Faiz by the left-wing party Avami National Party and Communist Party, by the end of the ceremony, the participants chanted his name: "The Faiz of workers is alive! The Faiz of farmers is alive...! Faiz is alive....!". Translations
<mask> <mask>'s poetry has been translated into many languages, including English and Russian.A Balochi poet, Mir Gul Khan Nasir, who was also a friend of <mask> <mask>, translated his book Sar-e-Wadi-e-Seena into Balochi with the title Seenai Keechag aa. Gul Khan's translation was written while he was in jail during Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's regime for opposing the government's policies. It was only published in 1980, after Zia-ul-Haq toppled Bhutto's government and freed all the political prisoners of his (Bhutto's) regime. Victor Kiernan, British Marxist historian translated <mask> <mask>'s works into English, and several other translations of whole or part of his work into English have also been made by others; a transliteration in Punjabi was made by Mohinder Singh. <mask> <mask>, himself, also translated works of notable poets from other languages into Urdu. In his book "Sar-i Waadi-i Seena سرِ وادیِ سینا" there are translations of the famous poet of Dagestan, Rasul Gamzatov. "Deewa", a Balochi poem by

masks:
Faiz
Ahmad Faiz
Faiz
Ahmad Faiz
Faiz
Ahmed Faiz
Faiz
Ahmad Faiz


texts:
 Mir Gul Khan Nasir, was also translated into Urdu by <mask>.Plays, music, and dramatic productions on Faiz
 "Hum Dekhenge"  by Iqbal Bano
 Sheeshon ka Maseeha شیشوں کا مسیحا by Omer Khawaja and Shabana Azmi. Dard Aayega Dabe Paon درد آئے گا دبے پاؤں by Sheela Bhatiya. Kuchh Ishq kiya Kuchh Kaam کچھ عشق کیا کچھ کام written by Danish Iqbal and staged by IPTA Delhi. This multi-media Stage Production was premiered at the Sri Ram centre, New Delhi on 11 November 2011. The Play is a Celebration of Faiz's Poetry and featured events from the early part of his life, particularly the events and incidents of pre-independence days which shaped his life and ideals. Directed by K K Kohli the musical Production featured Artists like Shamir Abadan, Jaishri Sethi, Dr Naseem, Izhar, Minhaj, Prateek Kapoor, Twinkle Khanna and Amit Bajaj in lead roles. The script was the first part of a Faiz trilogy written by Danish Iqbal on the occasion of the Faiz Centenary Celebrations.Chand Roz Aur Meri Jaan چند روز اور میری جان – A dramatised reading of <mask>'s letter and letters written by his wife Alys <mask>. This Production was initially done at the start of his birth centenary celebrations at India Habitat Center, New Delhi by Danish Iqbal and Salima Raza. 'Chand Roz Aur Meri Jaan' was also done at Amritsar Faiz Festival organised by Preet Ladi, at Punjab Natshala, Amritsar, on 6 October 2011. This time it was done by Suchitra Gupta and Danish Iqbal. 2011 Drama Festival of Delhi Urdu Academy is basically devoted to Productions about <mask>. Apart from 'Kuchh Ishq kiya Kuchh Kaam' by IPTA, Delhi and 'Chand Roz Aur Meri


texts:
 Jaan' by Wings Cultural Society, this Festival will also feature Plays by Peirreot's Troupe on Faiz, namely 'Jo Dil Pe Guzarti Hai'. The festival also presented, for the first time on stage 'Tera Bayaan Ghalib', directed by Dr Hadi Sarmadi and performed by Bahroop Arts Group, which was an adaptation of one of <mask>'s few plays for the radio.Ye Dagh Dagh Ujala یہ داغ داغ اُجالا A profound piece of poetry, written by <mask> <mask>z inspires Raj Amit Kumar to make a film Unfreedom which was released on 29 May 2015 in North America. The idea behind Unfreedom came from the desire to express the lack of freedom in the socio-economic structure of India's contemporary times. Jatt and Juliet یہ داغ داغ اُجالا A profound piece of poetry, written by <mask> <mask>z inspires Raj Amit Kumar to make a film Unfreedom which was released on 29 May 2015 in North America. The idea behind Unfreedom came from the desire to express the lack of freedom in the socio-economic structure of India's contemporary times. In popular culture
A collection of some of <mask>'s celebrated poetry was published in 2011, under the name of "Celebrating Faiz" edited by D P Tripathi. The book also included tributes by his family, by contemporaries and by scholars who knew of him through his poetry. The book was released on the occasion of Mahatma Gandhi's birth anniversary in the Punjab province in Pakistan.A <mask> poem is read in the British 2021 television sitcom We Are Lady Parts. See also
 List of Urdu-language writers

References

Further reading
 Dryland, Estelle. "<mask> <mask> and the Rawalpindi Conspiracy Case." Journal of

masks:
Faiz
Faiz
Ahmad Fai
Faiz
Ahmad Fai
Faiz
Faiz
Faiz
Ahmed Faiz


texts:
 South Asian Literature 27.2 (1992): 175–185. Online
 <mask>, <mask>, Jamil Jalibi, and Fahmida Riaz AMINA YAQIN. "Variants of Cultural Nationalism in Pakistan: A Reading of <mask> <mask>, Jamil Jalibi, and Fahmida Riaz." in Shared Idioms, Sacred Symbols, and the Articulation of Identities in South Asia (Routledge, 2009).123–148. External links

 Research Based Segregation of Faiz Ahmed Faiz Poetry- The website segregates the Selected poetry of <mask> <mask> into Love, Romance, Sad, Social, Political and Religious Poetry
Profiles and tributes
 Indian politician's tribute to <mask> <mask>
 A tribute to Alys <mask>
 Mushaira.org entry on Faiz Ahmed Faiz
Works
 Selected poetry of Faiz
 Audio recitation and ghazals, nazms, qitaat of Faiz in Roman transliteration
 Selected poems of Faiz <mask>, translated by Azfar Hussain

1911 births
1984 deaths
Communist Party of Pakistan politicians
People from Sialkot
Poets from Lahore
Urdu-language poets from Pakistan
Pakistani communists
Pakistani Marxists
Nigar Award winners
Lenin Peace Prize recipients
Recipients of Nishan-e-Imtiaz
Punjabi academics
Punjabi people
Pakistani scholars
Government College University, Lahore alumni
Poets from Punjab, Pakistan
Pakistan Movement activists
Pakistani progressives
Pakistani Communist writers
Pakistani Communist poets
Pakistani revolutionaries
Writers from Lahore
20th-century poets
Oriental College alumni
Murray College alumni
Pakistani poets
Pakistani lyricists
Pakistani songwriters
Pakistani prisoners and detainees
British Indian Army officers
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Indian Army personnel of World

masks:
Faiz
Ahmad
Faiz
Ahmad Faiz
Faiz
Ahmed Faiz
Faiz
Ahmed Faiz
Faiz
Ahmed Faiz


texts:
<mask><mask> (born October 15, 1954) is an American immunologist and interfaith public health activist. <mask> is the CEO and founder of Balm in Gilead, Inc., a religious-based organization that provides support to people with AIDS and their families, as well as working for prevention of HIV and AIDS. In 1989 she initiated the Harlem Week of Prayer, with 50 churches, synagogues and mosques participating. This became an annual event and organizing force for the religious community to respond to the AIDS crisis. <mask> incorporated a growing organization as "The Balm in Gilead, Inc."  This national movement to address public-health issues through communities of faith" has grown to include more than ten thousand churches, and numerous branches in the United States, Africa and the Caribbean. After 30 years in New York, <mask> and the organization are now based in Richmond, Virginia. Early life and education
<mask> was born to Luella and <mask> in Lincolnville, South Carolina, about 20 miles from Charleston.It was an all-black rural town, where religious revivals were part of the community fabric and a way to mobilize civic action. <mask> studied biology as an undergraduate at Clark College (now Clark Atlanta University) where she earned a B.S. In 1979 she earned a master's degree in immunology at Atlanta University. She went to New York to start a career in science research. Career
<mask> went to New York to work at Rockefeller University in the immunology of malaria. Then she took a job at Sloan Kettering Memorial Hospital in cancer research. Still in her twenties, she moved out of that to do what she called "little jobs".In the early 1980s, the biological mechanisms of AIDS were still unknown, but the medical community was becoming aware of an epidemic crisis. <mask> felt called to use her immunology degree in a different way. <mask> developed one of the first AIDS education programs, held at a methadone clinic. She worked at Harlem Hospital as an administrator in the AIDS Initiative Program. Confronted with

masks:
Pernessa C
. Seele
Seele
Seele
Seele
Pernessa Seele
Charles Seele
Seele
Seele
Seele
Seele


texts: the needs of patients and their families in the wards, she decided to try to organize the large Harlem religious community in their support. Harlem religious communities at first associated the disease with downtown gay men. Religious leaders like Frederick Williams and Preston Washington credit a fiery former immunologist, <mask> C<mask>, for changing the way they see the disease.As an administrator at Harlem Hospital, Ms. <mask> grew weary of watching dozens of patients die alone, without the spiritual support of their congregations. In 1989 Seele met with leaders of 50 churches, mosques, and Ethiopian Hebrews, to ask them to come together in prayer and education, for the first Harlem Week of Prayer. Religious congregations were encouraged to include education programs on AIDS and its prevention, as well as to create support for patients and their families. Her leadership was supported by major religious leaders in Harlem: Dr. Preston Washington, Dr. Frederick B. Williams, Dr. Wyatt Tee Walker, Dr. <mask>. Butts, Bishop Norman N. Quick, Dr. James A. Forbes, and numerous others. By 1991, 100 congregations participated in the annual week of prayer, as the Harlem community came to realize that HIV/AIDS was their disease, too. The Harlem Week of Prayer and mobilization began to receive national attention. <mask> was invited to churches and public health groups in other cities to speak about it.<mask>'s effort to address public health issues through communities of faith received technical assistance and support from the federal government. She received funding from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to expand the program to six pilot cities. The CDC recognized the potential of the movement to prevent HIV/AIDS and support patients. <mask> incorporated the Balm in Gilead, Inc., to create an organization with non-profit status. By 2003 the organization reached 10,000 churches, and 70 community organizations had been created to implement its programs in the United States, some African nations,

masks:
Pernessa
. Seele
Seele
Calvin O
Seele
Seele
Seele


texts:
 and the Caribbean. Through a cooperative agreement with the CDC, the Balm in Gilead, Inc. operates the Black Church HIV/AIDS National Technical Assistance Center. For years CDC has provided funding and technical assistance to communities of faith to mobilize efforts in education and prevention of HIV/AIDS.In 2004 <mask> and her organization launched the African American Denominational Leadership Health Initiative. It was a partnership between the Balm In Gilead and the women's societies and councils of three Black religious denominations: the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME), the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church and the Christian Methodist Episcopal Church. It was designed to build the capacity of these denominations to address cervical cancer, HIV/AIDS and other health issues in Black communities. Legacy and honors (selected)
2006 - <mask> was the guest of President George W. Bush and his wife for his fifth State of the Union address, in which he renewed the government's commitment to the fight against HIV/AIDS in the black community. 2006 - Time magazine listed her among the Top 100 Americans. 2008 - <mask> was a featured speaker at the XVII International Conference on AIDS at Mexico City. 1996, Manhattan Borough, President Award
1997, Harlem United Community AIDS Center, Life Award
1997, State of Michigan, special tribute
1997, Community Works, Harlem Women Making a Difference Award
1998, Unity Fellowship Church, Bishop <mask> Visionary Award

Citations

References
 American Journal of Public Health, August 2003, p. 1207.Essence, October 1996, p. 42. Los Angeles Times, June 7, 2003, p. B20. New Pittsburgh Courier, February 15, 2003, p. A1. New York Times, March 2, 1999, p. F7. External links
The Balm in Gilead, Inc., Official website

1954 births
African-American religious leaders
American activists
People from New York (state)
People from Charleston County, South Carolina
Clark Atlanta University alumni
Living people
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American

masks:
Seele
Seele
Seele
Carl Bean


texts:
<mask> (6 June 1906 – 26 August 1974), nicknamed The Black Prince, was an Italian Navy commander during the regime of Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party and a prominent hard-line Fascist politician in post-war Italy. In 1970 he took part in the planning of a neo-fascist coup (dubbed the Golpe Borghese) that was called off after the press discovered it; he subsequently fled to Spain and spent the last years of his life there. Early career
<mask> was born in Artena, Province of Rome, Kingdom of Italy. He was born into a prominent noble family of Sienese origin, the House of Borghese, of which Pope Paul V was a notable member. His father, Livio Borghese, was the 11th Prince of Sulmona and younger brother to the more famous Scipione Borghese. Borghese was the second son of the prince and, as such, had the title of Patrician of Rome, Naples and Venice and the style of <mask>e. However, the press and the English-language historiography routinely used the courtesy style <mask>e.Borghese was first educated in London, England, and, from 1923, he attended the Royal Italian Navy Academy (Accademia Navale) in Livorno. In 1929, the naval career of Borghese began. By 1933, he was a submarine commander. Borghese took part in the Second Italo-Abyssinian War. During the Italian intervention in the Spanish Civil War, he was in command of the submarine Iride, where he allegedly lost two seamen after his unit was depth-charged by the British destroyer HMS Havock. World War II

At the start of the Second World War, Borghese took command of submarine Vettor Pisani, and in August 1940 was in command of submarine Sciré, which was modified to carry the new secret Italian weapon, the human torpedo. Known as "slow speed

masks: Junio Valerio Scipione Ghezzo Marcantonio Maria Borghese


texts: torpedoes" (siluri a lenta corsa, or SLC), and nicknamed "pigs" (maiali) for their poor maneuverability, these were small underwater assault vehicles with a crew of two.These were part of the 1ª Flottiglia Mezzi d'Assalto (MAS), the "First Assault Vehicle Flotilla" (later called Decima Flottiglia MAS), an elite naval sabotage unit of the Royal Italian Navy (Regia Marina Italiana). As commander of Sciré Borghese took part in several raids using SLC. The first of these, in September and October 1940, were directed at Gibraltar. The September raid was abandoned when the harbour was found to be empty. In the October raid Borghese took Sciré deep into Gibraltar Bay, making a difficult submerged passage in order to release the SLC as close to target as possible. For this he received the Medaglia d'Oro al Valor Militare (MOVM), despite the mission's overall lack of success. In May 1941 a further attempt ended in failure, but on 20 September 1941 a successful mission damaged three merchant ships in the harbour.After this last attack he was promoted to Capitano di Fregata, and named commander of the Decima MAS''' sub-surface unit. On 18 December 1941, he reached Alexandria in Sciré and launched the daring raid by three SLCs that heavily damaged the two Royal Navy battleships  and  and two other ships in the harbour. The six Italian Navy crew that attacked Alexandria harbour all received the Medaglia d'Oro al Valor Militare, and Borghese was named Cavaliere dell'Ordine Militare di Savoia. In May 1943, Borghese took command of the Decima Flottiglia MAS("10th Assault Vehicle Flotilla"), or Xª MAS with Roman numerals, which continued active service in the Mediterranean and pioneered new techniques of commando assault


texts:
 warfare. The roman numeral was in memory of Caesar's  famous Decima Legio. 8 September 1943: the Armistice
After Italy's surrender to the Allies on 8 September 1943, the Xª MAS was disbanded. While some of its sailors joined the Allies, Borghese chose to continue fighting with the Italian Social Republic (RSI) alongside the German Armed Forces (Wehrmacht).On 12 September 1943, he signed a treaty of alliance with Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine. Many of his colleagues volunteered to serve with him, and the Decima Flottiglia was revived, headquartered in Caserma del Muggiano, La Spezia. By the end of the war, it had over 18,000 members, and Borghese conceived it as a purely military unit. The X Flottiglia gained a reputation for never firing a shot at any Italian military units fighting with the Allied forces. In April 1945 when the US command discovered that the British had granted permission to Marshal Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia, and his Communist troops, to occupy northeastern Italy from Venice to the east, Borghese moved the bulk of the X Flottiglia from the Ligurian and Piedmontese area to the Veneto. The X Flottiglia built a line of defense on the Tagliamento river where they resisted until the arrival of the Allied troops. In this action the X Flottiglia lost over eighty percent of the fighting sailors dispatched to the front against Tito's troops, and the Italian Communist Partisans allied with Tito.At the end of the war, Borghese was rescued by Office of Strategic Services officer James Angleton, who dressed him in an American uniform and drove him from Milan to Rome for interrogation by the Allies. Borghese was then tried and convicted of collaboration with the Nazi invaders, but not of war crimes, by


texts:
 the Italian Court. He was "sentenced to 12 years imprisonment, discounted to 3 years, due to his glorious expeditions during the war, his defence of north east borders against Tito's IX Corps and his defence of Genoa harbour". He was released from jail after four years' imprisonment by the Supreme Court of Cassation in 1949. Political activism after the war

With his record as a war hero and his support of Fascism, he became a figurehead for pro-fascist, anti-communist groups in the immediate post-war period, acquiring the nickname Black Prince. Borghese wrote a supportive introduction, affirming his political ideology of an idealistic neo-fascist new aristocracy meritocratically based purely on character, to far right revolutionary-conservative theorist Julius Evola's book Men Among the Ruins . He later wrote a memoir of his wartime exploits, published as Sea Devils in 1954.He was associated with the Movimento Sociale Italiano (MSI), the neo-Fascist party formed in the post-World War II period by former supporters of the dictator Benito Mussolini. Later, advocating a harder line which the MSI was not able or willing to uphold, he broke from the MSI to form an even stauncher neofascist formation, known as the Fronte Nazionale. Attempted coup
Following a last minute aborted coup d'état plot which fizzled out in the night of 8 December 1970 (the Feast of the Immaculate Conception), referred to as the Golpe Borghese, he was forced to cross the border to avoid arrest and interrogation. In 1984, ten years after <mask>'s death, the Supreme Court of Cassation ruled that no coup d'état attempt had happened. Nevertheless, the attempt is well known in Italy and film director Mario Monicelli made a biting satire of it


texts:
 called Vogliamo i colonnelli (1972) (We want the Colonels, as the Fascist Greek colonels were pulling the strings behind the scenes). The main character (played by Ugo Tognazzi) is a bombastic Neo-fascist politician called Tritoni (Triton), a clear allusion to Borghese, who was sometimes called the frog prince in Italy, after his time in the Frogmen assault Unit Dècima MAS. Final years and death

Latterly regarded as a political outcast and shunned by his ancestrally blue blood social connections for his "heretical" political extremism and disregard for the external norms of modern aristocratic etiquette and behavior, Borghese died under mysterious  circumstances in Cádiz, Spain, on 26 August 1974, aged 68.The death certificate records the cause of death as "acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis"; however, since Borghese was visited by a physician who found him in good shape just a few days before, it has been suggested that the circumstances of his death, characterized by a sudden onset of abdominal pain immediately after supper, could be compatible with arsenic poisoning. He is buried in the Borghese family chapel in the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome. Family
He was born as <mask> <mask> Scipione Ghezzo Marcantonio Maria of the Borghese princes in Rome, in one of the most important families of the Roman nobility, of ancient Sienese origins, with 4 cardinals, a pope and Napoleon Bonaparte's sister, Paolina, among his ancestors. He was the second son of Prince Livio <mask> of Sulmona (1874-1939), Prince of Rossano, Prince of Vivaro Romano, Prince of Monte Compatri, Duke of Palombara, Duke of Poggio Nativo and Castelchiodato; his mother was Princess Valeria Maria Alessandra Keun (Smyrna, 1880-Catania,

masks: Junio Valerio Borghese


texts:
 1956), daughter of Alfred August Keun and Virgina Amirà. His parents separated in Rome on May 31, 1911. As a consequence of the fact that his father was a diplomat (with the rank of plenipotentiary minister), <mask> <mask> spent the first years of his life traveling between Italy and the main foreign capitals , staying in China, Egypt, Spain, France and Great Britain. In Italy he mostly spent his time in and around Rome.He married in Florence, on 30 September 1931, the Russian countess Darya Vasilyevna Olsufeeva (Moscow, 1909 - Rome, 1963), sister of Alexandra "Assia" Vasilyevna Olsufeeva, wife of Andrea Busiri Vici. They had four children:

 Elena Maria Nives (born in Rome in 1932);
 <mask> Livio Vasilj Michele Scipione Romano Maria (Rome, 1933 - Rome, 1999), who married Nikè Arrighi, with whom he had his daughter Flavia;
 Livio Giuseppe Maria della Neve (Rome, 1940 - Sperlonga, 1989), who married Piera Loreta Rita Vallone (1941), from whom he had: Daria (1968), who married Carmelo Tibor Salleo of the Barons of San Filippo, Livia, Marcantonio (Rome, 1970), who married Francesca d'Amore and Niccolò;
 Andrea Scirè Maria della Neve [78] (Rome, 1942), who married Marisa Canti, from whom he had: Luca, Alessio (twins), Karen and <mask>. Further reading

 Paul Kemp : Underwater Warriors'' (1997)

References

1906 births
1974 deaths
People from the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital
Italian fascists
Italian neo-fascists
Italian military personnel of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War
Regia Marina personnel of World War II
People of the Italian Social Republic
Submarine commanders
<mask> Valerio
Italian nobility
20th-century Italian politicians
Italian anti-communists
Italian Social Movement politicians
Burials at

masks:
Junio
Valerio
Paolo Valerio
Valerio
Junio


texts:
<mask> is a Canadian film producer, director, writer. He began his career in Montreal working at the National Film Board of Canada as a documentary film director and cinematographer in the mid-1970s. In 1980, he moved to Toronto, where he founded his own independent production company, Kensington Communications, to produce documentaries for television and non-theatrical markets. Since 1998, <mask> has been involved in conceiving and producing interactive media for the Web and mobile devices. Career
<mask>'s work in television includes a number of documentary and factual series: Museum Secrets, a 22-part television series that investigates the stories behind artifacts in great museums around the world for History, UKTV and BBC Worldwide; Shameless Idealists, a five-part series that profiles a number of prominent change-makers and social activists for CTV; Diamond Road, a three-part series about the diamond industry for TVO, ZDF Arte and Discovery Times; The Sacred Balance, a four-part miniseries for CBC and PBS based on the book by geneticist and environmentalist Dr. David Suzuki; 72 Hours: True Crime, a true crime factual series for CBC and TLC; and Exhibit A: Secrets of Forensic Science, a forensic crime series hosted by Graham Greene for Discovery and TLC. Most recently, <mask>'s productions include: Nature's Cleanup Crew for CBC's The Nature of Things and ZDF Arte, a one hour documentary about the busy urban scavengers who clean up the mountains of waste humans leave behind; The Shadow of Gold for TVO, Arte France and SVT, co-produced with Films å Çinq and CAPA in Paris, a feature documentary examination of the global gold industry from raw material to market; and between 2015 and 2017, <mask> produced two one-hour documentaries, Champions vs Legends and The Equalizer, produced by Kensington Communications in co-production with Berlin Producers for broadcast on CBC’s The Nature of Things, SRC Explora and ZDF/Arte. in 2017, he was director/writer/producer of a point-of-view 1-hour documentary for TVOntario and Canal D, called Risk Factor.In 2015, <mask> produced

masks:
Robert Lang
Lang
Robert Lang
Lang
Lang
Lang


texts: a one-hour documentary for TVOntario and CPAC called The Drop: Why Young People Don't Vote. Before that he was responsible for several documentary films, including: as producer, co-writer of Raw Opium, which examines the failure of the War on Drugs through the lives of people involved in the international opium trade (TVO, ZDF Arte, SBS); as director/writer/producer of Return to Nepal, in which musician Bruce Cockburn travels to the remote Humla district of Northwestern Nepal (CBC documentary); as co-writer / director, producer of Almost Home: a Sayisi Dene Journey, an intimate portrait of a Canadian aboriginal community in transition for CBC Nature of Things and APTN; as director/producer of River of Sand, which explores the ancient culture, popular music, and current struggles of the people of Mali, West Africa for Vision TV and TVO; as producer/co-director of Separate Lives, the Gemini-winning documentary which follows the lives of conjoined twins from Pakistan and the pioneering operation that gave them a chance at a new life for Discovery; as director/co-producer of The Biggest Little Ticket, a children’s musical fantasy special for CTV which won several awards and Mariposa: Under a Stormy Sky, a documentary music special for CTV. He has produced many interactive digital projects over the years, from River of Sand interactive website (1998), to The Sacred Balance online (2003), Diamond Road interactive documentary (2007), Museum Secrets Interactive (2011), ScopifyROM, a mobile app to enhance the museum experience at the Royal Ontario Museum (2013) and Risk Navigator mobile app (2017). <mask> was recipient of the Queen's Gold Jubilee Medal in 2002, was named North American Trailblazer of the Year by MIPDOC in 2009 and his work in film and television has garnered many national and international awards (see Awards section below for details). He's also been active in the production community as a founding member of the Documentary Organization of Canada, as a board member for The Real News since 2007 and as the founder of the Hot Docs CrossCurrents Fund in


texts:
<mask> (born 5 December 1940) is a Swedish author and former director and screenwriter of short films. He has received prizes for several of his books and films, as well as for his entire work. From 1966 until his retirement in 2005, he was lecturer in Numerical analysis at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden. Biography
<mask> was born on 5 December 1940 in Hamburg, Germany. He lost his father during World War II and moved to Sweden with his mother in 1945, where he started school in 1947. He went to the Södra Latin gymnasium in Stockholm until 1959. During this period, he engaged in medium-distance running, with good results, but he quit running when he was 19 years old.From his 15th until his 30th (1970), <mask> was part of the schools summer camp at Värmdö and later at Blidö. This period of his life is described in the books that form the Rainbow Series and are of particular influence of his other books. He studied mathematics and physics and was a research assistant at the Swedish National Defence Research Institute for several years, starting in 1963. <mask> soon returned to university in order to graduate at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, where he received his doctorate in Numerical analysis in 1975. He became a lecturer in Numerical analysis and wrote several textbooks on this subject. <mask> started filming in 1980 and won various prizes for his work. His writing career started in 1983 and two years later he published his first and most successful book, translated in English as Johnny, My Friend.Since then, he has

masks:
Peter Pohl
Peter Pohl
Pohl
Pohl
Pohl


texts:
 published () 26 works of fiction. He retired as a lecturer in 2005. Director

Before he published his first book, <mask> created a number of short films. Most of them were published in the 1980s and many have won various prizes, from, among others, the Union Internationale du Cinéma, Swedish short film and video, and Nordic short film. <mask> has made a number of short films, mainly in the 1980s. Filmography

 Nyckeln (The key), 1981, 15 minutes. It has been awarded several prizes:
Viktor (1st prize in amateur category) from Svensk Smalfilm och Video (now Sveriges Film- och Videoförbund, SFV), 1982.Silver medal and editing prize (klippningspriset) at Nordisk Smalfilm, 1982. 1st prize in the category Fantasy and 5th prize in all categories, short film contest, Argentina, 1982. Du har ju mej! (But you have me! ), 1982, 20 minutes. Won the bronze prize and the actor prize at Svensk Smalfilm och Video in 1982. Medan nålen vandrar, 1982, 18 minutes.Visiten (The visit), 1982, 12 minutes. Alla klockor stannar (All clocks stop), 1983, 27 minutes. Resan till havet (The journey to the sea), 1984, 23 minutes. The contents are similar to those in his book Havet inom oss (the sea inside us). Bronze medal at Svensk Smalfilm och Video, 1986. Muntlig tentamen (Oral exam), 1984. Bronze medal at Svensk Smalfilm och Video, 1984.Bronze medal at Union Internationale du Cinéma (UNICA), European short film contest in the German Democratic Republic, 1984. Stipendiet (The scholarship), 1985, 20 minutes. Director prize and prize for best female actor, Sandy gala, Västerås, 1987.

masks: Pohl Pohl


texts:
 Silver medal and actor prize at Svensk Smalfilm och Video, 1988. Ja, jag kommer! (Yes, I'm coming! ), 1986, 16 minutes.Gunga flöjt. Bronze medal at Svensk Smalfilm och Video, 1989. Det blir bättre nästa gång (It will be better next time), 1989, 20 minutes. Silver medal and actor prize at Svensk Smalfilm och Video, 1991. Silver medal at Nordisk Smalfilm
 Gold medal and prize for best film at UNICA, European short film contest in Switzerland, 1991. Änglar behövs dom? (Angels, are they needed?), 1990. This film was made after his book Glittras Uppdrag (Glittras assignment)

Author
<mask> has published a total number of 35 books: 9 textbooks and 26 works of fiction. He is primarily known for his works of fiction. His fiction is mostly drama, but also includes two works of poetry, a book with fairy tales and a "picture book without pictures" that defies categorisation. In most of his books, children and teenagers are the main characters. He considers this to be the most important period of a life. Typical themes are loneliness, betrayal, lies, a longing for friendship, death.On his website, he writes that he does so because it is reality for many adults, youths and kids, and it would be a shame to be silent about that. Of his drama, two books were translated into English: Johnny, My Friend about a mysterious new boy in the neighborhood, and I miss you, I miss you! about the loss of a twin sister. In total, 13 of his books have been translated into 13 languages, mostly in Norwegian, Danish and German, but more recently also in languages such as Estonian and Polish.


texts:
 Among the books he published in the first four years of his writer career are three of the autobiographical books that form the rainbow series. Those are true and about his own life
Those start with Regnbågen har bara åtta färger (The rainbow has only eight colours). In this book, <mask> described his early childhood, starting immediately after he moved to Sweden, until he was eight years old.The story takes place between 1945 and 1948. It is followed by Medan regnbågen bleknar (While the rainbow is fading), covering the period 1949 – 1952. Vilja växa (Want to grow up) described the period 1952 – 1958. The fourth book, Vi kallar honom Anna, he describes one year, particularly one summer, where he, part of the summercamp organisation, observes how a teenage boy is severely bullied. This book was published before Medan regnbågen bleknar and Vilja växa, just shortly after Regnbågen har bara åtta färger, and received a lot of attention and prizes. The final book in the series is Klara papper är ett måste, which starts in 1966. Additionally, the book De Stora Penslarnas lek, which <mask> describes as a starting point for his writing, contains fairy tales, based on the fairy tales from the grandfather in Regnbågen har bara åtta färger.Other books, such as I miss you, I miss you! and Sekten are based on true stories that came to him directly or indirectly. Some of his books were originally published as adult literature, but later recategorised as books for youth. <mask> does not consider himself an author of primarily youth literature. However, some books were

masks: Pohl Pohl Pohl


texts:
 written for children. Examples are Glittras uppdrag, a fairy tale about an angel that protects a six-year-old boy, and Malins kung Gurra, written for a contest organised by publisher Rabén & Sjögren. Bibliography

Textbooks
 Linjära differensekvationer med konstanta koefficienter; Liber, 1976
 Numeriska Metoder (with Gerd Eriksson and Germund Dahlquist); THS, 1977
 220 ± 30 Exempel i Numeriska Metoder (with Gerd Eriksson); THS, 1978
 Introduktion till BASIC-programmering; THS, 1979
 Analytiska och Numeriska Metoder (with Eike <mask>); KTH, 1984
 Elementära Numeriska Metoder; THS, 1991
 Problem och Exempel i Numeriska Metoder; THS, 1992; Print on Demand 1997
 Grunderna i Numeriska Metoder; THS, 1995; NADA, KTH 1999
 Grundkurs i numeriska metoder; Liber, 2005.Fiction
 Janne, min vän (Johnny, My Friend), 1985. Translations: Danish (Min bedste ven, 1987), Norwegian (Janne min venn, 1988), German (Jan, mein Freund, 1990), Dutch (Jan, mijn vriend, 1991), English (Johnny, My Friend, 1991, translated by Laurie Thompson), French (Jan, mon ami, 1995), Italian (Il mio amico Jan, 1996 and 2005), Estonian (Janne, mu söber, 1997), Japanese (1997), Icelandic (Janni vinur minn, 1997), Low German (Jan, mien Fründ, 2000). Prizes:
 Litteraturfrämjandets debutantpris (prize for first appearance), 1985;
 Nils Holgersson Plaque 1986;
 Honorary list, 11th edition of the Premio Europeo di Letteratura Giovanile (European Prize for Youth Literature), Pier Paolo Vergerio, Padova, Italy, 1987
 Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis (German youth literature prize), 1990. Kulturskylt, Stockholm


texts:
 Public Library, November 1999
 Regnbågen har bara åtta färger (The rainbow has only eight colours), 1986
 Translations: German (Der Regenbogen hat nur acht Farben, 1993), Dutch (De regenboog heeft maar acht kleuren, 1995)
 Vi kallar honom Anna (We call him Anna), 1987. Translations: German (Nennen wir ihn Anna, 1981), Danish (Vi kaldar ham Anna, 1989), Norwegian (Vi kaller ham Anna, 1989), Dutch (We noemen hem Anna, 1993). Prizes:
 Eule des Monats (Owl of the Month), Bulletin Jugend & Literatur (Bulletin Youth + Literature), Hardebek, Germany, 1991
 Nominated for the Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis, 1992
 Vlag en Wimpel, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1994
 Havet inom oss (The ocean within us), 1988. This book has largely the same contents as the short film Resan till havet.Alltid den där Anette! (Always that Anette! ), 1988
 De Stora Penslarnas Lek (fairy tales)
 Medan regnbågen bleknar (While the rainbow is fading), 1989. Translations: German (Während der Regenbogen verblasst, 1994), Norwegian (Mens regnbuen blekner, 1991)
 Prizes:
 Heffaklumpen, children books prize, Expressen, 1989. Kan ingen hjálpa Anette? (Can nobody help Anette? ), 1990
 Malins kung Gurra (Malins king Gurra), 1991
 Translations: German (Ich bin Malin, 1992), Danish (Du må gerne sova i min hånd, 1993)), Norwegian (Malin og Kong Gurra, 1994), Estonian (Pärast viimast hoiatust, 1999)
 Man har ett snärj, 1991
 Glittras uppdrag (Glittrag assignment), 1992.Translations: German (Glittrag Auftrag, 1997)
 Jag saknar dig, jag saknar dig! (I miss you, I miss you! ), 1992
 Translations: German (Du fehlst


texts:
 mir, du fehlst mir!, 1994), Danish (Jeg savner dig, jeg savner dig, 1993), Norwegian (Jeg savner deg, jeg savner deg, 1993), Dutch (Ik mis je, ik mis je!, 1994), Finnish (Sinä ja minä ikuisesti, 1997), Icelandic (Ég sakna þin, 1998), English (I miss you, I miss you!, 1999), Slovene (Pogrešam te, pogrešam te, 1999)
 Prizes:
 Augustpriset (August prize), Bokförläggarföreningen, 1992
 Deutscher Jugendliteraturpreis, Germany, 1995
 En röd sten till Carina (A red stone to Carina), 1993
 Vill dig (Want you), 1994. Poems. Vilja växa (Want to grow up), 1994. När alla ljuger (When all are lying), 1995. Translations: Danish (Når alle lyver, 2000)
 Minns det (Remember that), 1996.Poems. Men jag glömmer dig inte (But I won't forget you), 1997. Translations: German (Aber ich vergesse dich nicht, 1998), Norwegian (Men jeg glemmer dig ikke, 1998), Danish (Men jeg glemmer deg aldri, 1998)
 Prizes:
 Nominated for Augustpriset, 1997. Fällt aus dem Rahmen, Fachzeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendmedien, April 1998. Intet bortom det yttersta, 1998. Translations: German (Unter der blauen Sonne, 2002), Norwegian (Tims historie, 1999). Prizes:
 Fällt aus dem Rahmen, October 2002
 Klara papper är ett måste, 1998
 Tillsammans kan vi förändra världen (Together we can change the world), 1998."Picture book without pictures"
 Man kan inte säga allt, 1999. Translations: Norwegian (Man kan ikke sige alt, 2001), Finnish (Valonarkaa, 2000)
 Jag är kvar hos er (I am still with you), 2000
 Translations: German (Ich werde immer bei euch sein, 2003), Estonian (Ma olen ikka teiega, 2003)
 Tusen


texts:
 kolor, 2002. Translations: Norwegian (Tusind kugler, 2004), , 2005
 Sekten (The sect), 2005. Nu heter jag Nirak (Now my name is Nirak), 2007. Anton, jag gillar dig! (Anton, I love you! ), 2008.Not published yet. Number of translations per language
 (Swedish) 26, soon 27
 ; ; ; ; ; English, Finnish, ; French, Italian, Low German, Slovenian, ; Total 13 books have been translated into at least one language. In total, the books have been translated to 13 different languages. References

External links

 Website <mask> (Swedish)
 Full bibliography
 Partial list of translations

1940 births
Living people
German emigrants to Sweden
Swedish male writers
Swedish-language writers
Swedish children's writers
Swedish writers of young adult literature
KTH Royal Institute of Technology faculty
August Prize


texts:
Lieutenant General Sir <mask>,  (10 January 1915 – 8 March 1994) was a senior officer in the Australian Army who served as Chief of the General Staff from 1971 to 1973. A 1935 graduate of the Royal Military College, Duntroon, where he was the Corps Sergeant Major and was awarded the Sword of Honour, and of the University of Sydney, where he earned a Bachelor of Engineering degree, Brogan served in the Second World War on the staff of New Guinea Force during New Guinea Campaign, and as an observer with the British Army during the Western Allied invasion of Germany. After the war he was commandant and chief instructor at the School of Military Engineering during the  1949 Australian coal strike, and, as Director of Military Training, reopened the Land Warfare Centre at Canungra in 1954. When he was appointed the Chief of the General Staff in 1971, he was the first occupant of that position to possess a university degree. He presided over the withdrawal of Australian troops from the Vietnam War, the ending of the National Service scheme, and the consequent reduction of the size of the Army, and sweeping organisational changes. Early life
<mask> was born in Crows Nest, New South Wales, on 10 January 1915, the son of <mask> and his wife Hilda. He had an older brother, Bernard Alwyn, who later became a wing commander in Royal Australian Air Force.Upon receiving his leaving certificate, he was awarded a scholarship to study at the Sydney Technical College; but as part of the Combined Schools team, he played rugby against the Royal Military College, Duntroon, which had moved from Canberra to the Victoria Barracks, Sydney, due to the Great Depression, and decided to

masks:
Mervyn Francis Brogan
Mervyn Francis Brogan
Bernard Brogan


texts:
 go there instead. His application was accepted, and he entered the Royal Military College on 25 February 1932. In his final year, Brogan was the Corps Sergeant Major, the senior cadet appointment, and on graduation was awarded the Sword of Honour. He was commissioned as a lieutenant in the Australian Staff Corps on 11 December 1935. On 16 March 1936, he entered the University of Sydney, where he earned a Bachelor of Engineering degree. He did some work on the fortifications on Rottnest Island guarding the city of Perth. He was on the university's swimming and water polo teams, and was a blue in rugby.After graduation he was posted to Melbourne as the Adjutant and Quartermaster, 3rd Division Engineers on 7 August 1938, and then to Army Headquarters at Victoria Barracks, Melbourne, on 23 March 1939. He played rugby for Victoria in 1938 and 1939, and attended tryouts for the Wallabies. Second World War
When the Second World War broke out in 1939, he sought an appointment with the Second Australian Imperial Force (AIF), but instead was sent to Duntroon as an instructor on 11 November 1939. He became a temporary captain on 1 July 1940. On 25 June 1941, he married Shiela Jones, the daughter of David Samuel Jones, a teacher at the Duntroon School. Her brother gave the bride away, and his acted as his best man. They had two children, Edward and Daryl.He joined the AIF on 22 September 1941, and was allotted the AIF service number NX76403. He was appointed GSO2 of Home Forces on 22 December 1941. This became Second Army on 6 April 1942. He was promoted to the temporary rank of major on 1 July 1942; this became substantive on 1 September. On 8 November 1942, he became


texts:
 Deputy Assistant Quartermaster General (DAQMG) of New Guinea Force. He became Assistant Quartermaster General (AQMG) of I Corps and New Guinea Force with the temporary rank of lieutenant colonel on 2 August 1943, and AQMG of New Guinea Force on 27 August 1943. He was involved in organising the air supply in support of the Salamaua–Lae campaign, for which he was mentioned in despatches on 23 December 1943, and was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire on 27 April 1944.He was GSO1 of the Military Training Branch at Allied Land Forces, South West Pacific Area (LHQ) from 5 January 1944 to 6 November 1944. He represented the ACT in rugby in 1941 and 1944. In 1945, <mask> was sent as an observer with the British Army during the Western Allied invasion of Germany. Soon after he arrived, he came down with malaria, a legacy of his service in New Guinea, to the surprise of the doctors, who were not used to seeing a tropical disease in North West Europe. Post-war
<mask> remained in Europe until 1947, when he returned to Australia to become commandant and chief instructor at the School of Military Engineering. He assisted in organising Royal Australian Engineers to mine coal during the  1949 Australian coal strike. He then went back to Britain as a student at the Joint Services Staff College there from 1950 to 1952.In 1954, he became Director of Military Training. In the years since the Second World War, the Australian Army had lost most of its expertise in jungle warfare, as it concentrated on Australia's commitment to the Korean War, and plans to support the British Army in the Middle East. Brogan reopened the Land Warfare Centre at Canungra,

masks: Brogan Brogan


texts:
 incorporating lessons from the British Army's experience in the Malayan Emergency. Brogan served as a brigadier on the staff of the British Army's Far East Land Forces from 1956 to 1958, and went back to Britain once more to attend the Imperial Defence College in 1959. He then became the commandant of the Australian Staff College. He was General Officer Commanding Northern Command from 1962 to 1965, and was upgraded to a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1963 Birthday Honours. In 1965 he was an Australian Representative on the Military Committee of the South East Asia Treaty Organisation.He was Director of Joint Service Plans from 1965 to 1966, when he became the Quartermaster-General and Third Member of the Military Board. In December 1968, he became General Officer Commanding Eastern Command, vice Sir James Harrison, who had been appointed Governor of South Australia. He was made a Commander of the Order of the Bath in the 1970 New Year Honours. Chief of the General Staff
On 19 May 1971, <mask> reached the pinnacle of his career when he was appointed as the Chief of the General Staff (CGS) with the rank of lieutenant general. He was the first occupant of that position to possess a university degree. He was upgraded to a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire for his service in that role in the 1972 Birthday Honours. Australian troops were serving in the Vietnam War at that time, but the commitment was winding down.In response to the American Vietnamization policy, the 8th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment was withdrawn in 1970 and not replaced. The last infantry battalion, the 4th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, was