texts:
 no one's even trying to rein him in".He commented that Gene Shalit's movie reviews "are often late and his interviews aren't very good." There was enough negative backlash in regard to <mask>'s comments toward Scott that he was shown making up with Scott on Today. Following Pauley's departure from Today in December 1989, <mask> was joined by Deborah Norville in a short-lived partnership that lasted just over a year. Today dropped to second place in the ratings during this period as a result of intensely negative publicity surrounding Norville's replacement of Pauley, and <mask>'s feud with Scott. Norville was replaced by Katie Couric in April 1991, and the <mask>-Couric team helped refocus Today as the morning news program on public affairs during the 1992 presidential campaign. The program returned to first place in the ratings in December 1995. <mask>'s work on Today earned him several Emmys and a large group of fans.He is the third longest serving co-host of Today, after Matt Lauer and Couric. He stepped down from the show on January 3, 1997, after 15 years. Since his departure, <mask> has made occasional appearances on Today. He appeared for the show's 60th anniversary and hosted with Lauer and Pauley on December 30, 2013. CBS
 Public Eye with <mask>
After 15 years on Today, <mask> moved to CBS to host a new prime time news-magazine called Public Eye with <mask> during the 1997–1998 television season. The episode "The Reckoning" won a Peabody Award in 1998. It lasted just one season before being cancelled.It aired on Wednesday nights at 9pm ET before moving to Tuesdays at 9pm ET.Richard Huff, "With 'eye' toward ratings, CBS replaces Gumbel exec", New York Daily News, February 6, 1998. The Early Show
After leaving the Today

masks:
Gumbel
Gumbel
Gumbel
Gumbel
Gumbel
Gumbel
Bryant Gumbel
Gumbel
Bryant Gumbel


type: original

texts:
 and Dateline NBC in 1997, <mask> moved to CBS, where he hosted various shows before becoming co-host of the network's morning show The Early Show on November 1, 1999. <mask> left The Early Show (and CBS that same year) on May 17, 2002. <mask> was hosting The Early Show on the morning of September 11, 2001. He was the first to announce the September 11 attacks to CBS viewers. In the spring and summer of 2010, he served as a special guest moderator of ABC's The View for multiple days. Boy Scouts Incident
A CBS camera caught a disgusted Gumbel blurting out "What a f-ing idiot" just after he had finished a hostile interview with Robert Knight of the Family Research Council (FRC).The incident occurred at about 7:15 a.m. ET on Thursday, June 29, 2000, following Knight's appearance to defend the Boy Scout policy of excluding gays from being leaders. The Media Research Center reported that he uttered those words; <mask> openly admitted to saying so when guest-hosting a June 2007 episode of Live with Regis and Kelly. Real Sports with <mask>
<mask> has concentrated most of his energy recently on his duties as host of HBO's acclaimed investigative series Real Sports with <mask> (a show that he has hosted since 1995). HBO's web page claims that Real Sports has been described as "flat out—TV's best sports program" by the Los Angeles Times. It won a Peabody Award in 2012.

 Notable remarks
In February 2006, <mask> made remarks that some viewed as "reverse racism" regarding the Winter Olympics and the lack of African-American participation, and others considered important sports journalism commentary. On the August 15, 2006, episode of Real Sports with <mask>, <mask> made the following remarks about former NFL commissioner Paul Tagliabue and

masks:
Gumbel
Gumbel
Gumbel
Gumbel
Bryant Gumbel
Gumbel
Bryant Gumbel
Gumbel
Bryant Gumbel
Gumbel


texts:
 Players' Union president Gene Upshaw and directed these comments to new commissioner Roger Goodell:

In response, Tagliabue said:

On the October 18, 2011, <mask> evoked slavery in his criticism of NBA Commissioner David Stern over the league's lockout.In a Rolling Stone article dated January 20, 2015, <mask> said: "There are a few things I hate more than the (National Rifle Association). I mean truly. I think they're pigs. I think they don't care about human life. I think they are a curse upon the American landscape. So we got that on the record." The Weather Man
<mask> made a cameo appearance alongside Nicolas Cage and Michael Caine in The Weather Man, a film directed by Gore Verbinski.In it, he cohosts a morning show entitled Hello America, for which Cage's character, a depressed weatherman, auditions. Seinfeld
<mask> made a cameo appearance on the NBC sitcom Seinfeld during which he interviewed Jerry Seinfeld on Today while Jerry was wearing the puffy pirate shirt in the episode "The Puffy Shirt". The Nanny
<mask> made a cameo appearance on the sitcom The Nanny during which he gives Fran Fine an audition for a job in television in the episode "Fair Weather Fran". NFL Network

In April 2006, NFL Network announced that <mask>, along with Cris Collinsworth and Dick Vermeil, would comment on its new package of NFL games. Unlike his brother Greg, he had never called play-by-play for live sporting events in his career.Sports Media Watch presents the ten worst personnel moves of the 2000s. #6: <mask> calls NFL games (2006–08, NFL Network) Before his first game commentary for the network, his status was brought into question after he stirred up controversy in his closing remarks on his HBO program on August 15, 2006, in which he

masks:
Gumbel
Gumbel
Gumbel
Gumbel
Gumbel
Gumbel
Bryant Gumbel


texts:
 criticized NFL Players Association head Gene Upshaw and outgoing NFL Commissioner Paul Tagliabue. He would later reconcile with the NFL and retained his play-by-play job with the NFL Network.On December 29, 2007, he had a reunion of sorts as he called the Patriots-Giants game on the NFL Network, CBS, and NBC. This is the first three-network simulcast NFL game and, coincidentally, he has worked for all three networks during his career. He also had a strong affiliation with NFL films. <mask>'s performance was the subject of criticism over his entire run because of his voice and a perceived lack of knowledge about the game. <mask> stepped down as play-by-play announcer in April 2008, prior to the 2008 NFL season. He would be replaced on the NFL Network telecasts by Bob Papa. Personal life
<mask> raised two children with his wife, June, in semi-rural Waccabuc, north of New York City.In 2001, he divorced her to marry Hilary Quinlan. Around 2002, he shed 55 pounds of weight in seven months after he stepped on the scale to find out he was 240 pounds. In October 2009, he had surgery to remove a malignant tumor near one of his lungs. Awards
4 Emmy Awards
Frederick D. Patterson Award from the United Negro College Fund
Martin Luther King Award from the Congress of Racial Equality
Three NAACP Image Awards
Edward R. Murrow Award for Outstanding Foreign Affairs work from the Overseas Press Club, September 1984
Edward Weintal Prize for diplomatic reporting
Peabody Award for his reporting in Vietnam
International Journalism Award from TransAfrica
Africa's Future Award from the U.S. Committee for UNICEF
Leadership Award from the African-American Institute
Best Morning TV News Interviewer, the Washington Journalism Review, 1986
National Association

masks: Gumbel Gumbel Gumbel


texts:
 of Black Journalists, Journalist of the Year Award, 1993
Trumpet Award of the Turner Broadcasting System, Inc.
Alfred I. duPont-Columbia University Award for outstanding broadcast journalism for Real Sports with <mask>'' (HBO), December 2005

References

External links

 "Is <mask> a Racist?" – Howard Bloom's Sports Business News.com SBN's look at <mask>
 -the tiger woods of TV
 on IMDB

American television reporters and correspondents
American television sports announcers
1948 births
Living people
African-American journalists
African-American Catholics
African-American television hosts
African-American television personalities
American people of German-Jewish descent
American television hosts
American male journalists
Bates College alumni
CBS News people
Catholics from Louisiana
College basketball announcers in the United States
College football announcers
De La Salle Institute alumni
Sports Emmy Award winners
Olympic Games broadcasters
Golf writers and broadcasters
Television anchors from Los Angeles
Major League Baseball broadcasters
National Football League announcers
People from Chicago
People from New Orleans
People from Waccabuc, New York
20th-century American journalists
21st-century American journalists
60 Minutes correspondents
20th-century African-American people
21st-century African-American

masks:
Bryant Gumbel
Bryant Gumbel
Bryant Gumbel


texts: Sheikh Noor ul Mashaikh Sayyid <mask>heen NooriShah Jeelani Arabic: (حضرة سيد أحمد محي الدين نوري شاه الجيلاني), known more commonly as <mask>, was a renowned 20th-century muslim, sufi, wali, mystic, orator, faqeeh, theologian, mujaddid and highly acclaimed Islamic scholar of the Qadri, Chisti order from the Indian sub continent. He was the 21st grand son of the famous Sufi saint Ghous-e-Azam Sheikh Mohiyudheen Abdul Qadir Jilani of Baghdad. He was also widely known by his title Noor-ul-Mashaikh. He was the Eponymous founder of the Silsila-e-Nooriya tariqa (Sufi order) which is a sub-branch of Qadiriyya and Chistiyya in India. His silsila has spread throughout the world influencing millions in more than 40 countries through thousands of his disciples (murid), many gatherings, mosques, Islamic schools, colleges, hospitals and general humanitarian services to society. He was the founder of Kerala’s first Islamic Arabic college Jamia Nooriyya Arabic College, Pattikkad in Malappuram District of Kerala. He accepted the position of vice president of the Jamia Nooriyya Arabic College.Sheikh NooriShah <mask> was a disciple (murid) of the renowned Sufi saint Sheikh Ghousi Shah whose spiritual master's lineage of predecessors goes to Machiliwale Shah and Mahmoodullah Shah of Hyderabad. His spiritual chain (Tariqa) connects to masters such as Bande Nawaz, Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehlavi, Nizamuddin Auliya, Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki, Moinuddin Chishti of Chishti Order as

masks:
Ahamed Muhyud
NooriShah Jeelani
Jeelani


texts:
 well as masters such as Abdul Qadir Gilani, Junayd of Baghdad, Sari al-Saqati, Maruf Kharkhi of Qadiri order. Sheikh NooriShah <mask> received the title of Caliph (or religious successors) from his spiritual teacher Sheikh Kanzul Irfan Moulana Ghousi Shah of Hyderabad, India after years of spiritual training under his guidance. His ʿUrs (anniversary of death) is celebrated on 14th day of month Rabiʽ al-Thani (Islamic calendar). His mausoleum (or tomb) Dargah is located in very well known place called Noori Maskan of Noori Nagar in the Bandlaguda area of Hyderabad, Telangana, India. While Sheikh NooriShah Jeelani had millions of disciples (students or murids), few of them were given Caliph and made Khalifa (or religious successors) of his religious spiritual chain and continued to spread the knowledge of Sufism and Spirituality. Among his senior Khalifa (or religious successors) who later became very well acclaimed and most renowned Sufi Saints in the Indian Sub-continent include Sheikh Syed Arifuddin <mask> Noorullah Shah Noori (Damath Barakatuhu), Sheikh Syed Muneeruddin Jeelani Kamalullah Shah Noori, Sheikh Syed Nasiruddin Jeelani Asrarullah Shah Noori (Damath Barakatuhu),
Khwaja Dil Nawaz Faizee Shah Noori,
Khwaja Faqeer Nawaz Aamir Kaleemi Shah Noori,
Sheikh Jamali Shah Noori,Sheikh Ibrahim Khaleelullah Shah Noori, Sheikh Zuhoori Shah Noori,
Sheikh Yaqoob Ali Shah Noori, Sheikh Syed Aziz Ali Shah Noori among others.These Sufi saints later

masks: Jeelani Jeelani


texts:
 spread their knowledge across more than 20 different countries mainly in the Indian Sub-continent, Middle East and South East Asian countries. Selected works

Sheikh NooriShah <mask> was known to have authored multiple books of islamic spirituality. Some of the works published in Indian sub-continent were as follows:-

Spiritual chain

The chain of spiritual masters (silsila) of Nooriya reaches both Qadriya and Chistiya masters, hence it came to be known as Chisti-ul-Qadiri . Sheikh NooriShah <mask>'s spiritual preachings continued to influence millions of common people across more than 40 countries with the following major sub-branches:

Silsila-e-Arifiya Nooriya led by his own son and Khalifa called Sheikh Qutb-ul-Mashaikh Noorullah Shah Noori (also known as Syed Arifuddin <mask>) (Damath Barakatuhum Aliya). He is the current leader of Silsila-e-Arifiyya Nooriyya. and continuation of Sajjada Janasheen. He is thus 22'nd Grand Son of Sheikh Abdul Qadir Gilani.He currently leads all Urs celebrations of NooriShah Jeelani at Noori Maskan in Hyderabad. Silsila-e-Kamaliya Nooriya led by his own son and Khalifa called Sheikh Syed Kamalullah Shah Noori (also known as Syed Mohammed Muneeruddin <mask>) whose Mausoleum (or Tomb) is inside the same complex (Tomb) of Sheikh NooriShah <mask> at Hyderabad, India
Silsila-e-Asrariya Nooriya led by his own son and Khalifa called Sheikh Mumtaz-ul-Mashaikh Rooh-ul-Irfan Kanz-ul-Asrar Syed Asrarullah Shah Noori (also

masks: Jeelani Jeelani Jeelani Jeelani Jeelani


texts: known as Syed Mohammed Nasiruddin <mask>) (Damath Barakatuhum Aliya). He has been contributing continuously to the academics of Islamic sciences being in teaching positions of Sufi philosophy, Hadees and Quran Tafseer in the famous Jamia Nizamia University of Hyderabad in India. Silsila-e-Faizeeya Nooriya was led by his Khalifa called Sheikh Shams-ul-Aarifeen Qutb-ul-Aqtab Khwaja Dil Nawaz Faizee Shah Noori Chisti-ul-Qadiri whose Mausoleum (or Tomb) is at Lalpet Dargah, Cuddalore District of Tamil Nadu, India. His Urs (anniversary of death) is celebrated on 20th day of month of Rajab (Islamic calendar). Silsila-e-Aamiria Nooriya was led by his Khalifa called Sheikh Shams-ul-Mufassireen Khwaja Faqeer Nawaz Syed Muhammad Umar Aamir Kaleemi Shah Noori Chisti-ul-Qadiri Al Hasani ul Hussaini Jafari ul Jeelani whose Mausoleum (or Tomb) is at GGA Pannur Dargah, Sunguvarchatram area, 60 km from Chennai District of Tamil Nadu, India. He was also known to be 30th grand son of Ghous-e-Azam Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani.His Urs (anniversary of death) is celebrated on 29th day of month of Muharram (Islamic


texts:
<mask> (born September 26, 1979 in Greenfield, Indiana, United States) is a retired American Olympic gymnast and member of the 1996 Olympic gold medal U.S. women's gymnastics team, the Magnificent Seven. She is known for her consistency and clean lines in her gymnastics. Personal life
<mask> was born on September 26, 1979, in Indianapolis, Indiana, and grew up in Greenfield, Indiana. She is the daughter of Jack and Cheryl. She has one older brother, Dennis. She was married to 2004 Olympic gymnast Brett McClure in 2005. They have divorced as of 2008.Today, she is the owner and head coach of the Jaycie Phelps Athletic Center in Greenfield, Indiana. In 2014, she married Dave Marus. Gymnastics career

Early years
<mask> <mask> began gymnastics at the age of four at Indiana Gymnast in Greenfield, Indiana, and attended once-a-week practice before doing two-a-week practices and building up from there. At age 11, after progressing to the point where her family felt she could benefit from a new coach, she and her family moved to Scottsdale, Arizona and she trained at Desert Devils Gymnastics for extensive training. She attended the 1993 Junior National Championships, but ended up in 24th place, and wanted to quit altogether. After receiving encouragement from her parents, who wanted her to give it another shot, she went and trained at Cincinnati Gymnastics Academy in Cincinnati, Ohio, training alongside future Olympic teammate, Amanda Borden. Jaycie's father and brother went back to Indiana whilst Jaycie and her mother stayed in Cincinnati.1994
<mask> made her senior debut at the 1994 American Classic in Orlando, Florida, which also served as the trials for the 1994 World

masks:
Jaycie Lynn Phelps
Jaycie Phelps
Jaycie
Phelps
Phelps


texts:
 Championships. She placed 15th and did not make the team. She attended the 1994 Olympic Festival in St. Louis, Missouri and placed 3rd all-around, plus 5th on balance beam and 6th on floor exercise. At the 1994 U.S. Classic, she placed 3rd in the all-around. She later attended the 1994 Senior National Championships and placed 6th. After doing well and placing 5th in the 1994 World Team Trials in Richmond, Virginia, she was selected to be part of the team to go to the 1994 World Team Championships in Dortmund, Germany, where she won a silver medal. 1995
In 1995, she kicked off the year by competing at the 1995 American Classic in Oakland, California, which also served as the trials for the 1995 Pan American Games.She placed 8th in the all-around, tied for 3rd on the uneven bars, and placed 6th on beam, yet didn't make the team. The year followed with appearances at the Reese's International Gymnastics Cup, McDonald's American Cup, and the International Mixed Pairs. She then rallied at the 1995 Classic, winning 1st in the all-around, uneven bars, balance beam, and floor exercise, and placed 2nd on vault. At the 1995 National Championships, she placed 3rd, behind Dominique Moceanu and Shannon Miller. She was selected at the 1995 World Trials to attend the 1995 World Championships in Sabae, Japan after petitioning in her score at nationals since she injured herself and couldn't compete. She won the bronze medal in the team competition, and qualified for the event final on the uneven bars and placed 8th. 1996
1996 was yet another successful year for <mask>.After strong showings at the American Classic, the 1996 Budget Rent a Car Gymnastics Invitational dual against


texts:
 France, and the 1996 World Championships, she placed 2nd in the all-around at the 1996 National Championships, 0.05 behind Shannon Miller. At the Olympic Trials in Boston, Massachusetts, she placed 1st after day 1. On day 2, she over-rotated her dismount on the balance beam and stumbled into a backward roll, but strong performances on the other apparatus helped her place 3rd all-around, securing a spot on the 1996 US Olympic Women's Gymnastics Team. 1996 Olympic Games
At the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, Georgia, <mask> competed on all four events in both compulsories and optionals. She was typically first or second up on each apparatus, but her contributions were invaluable. In the compulsories, she had a shaky performance on the beam and fell, but good routines on the bars, floor, and vault helped her team place second behind Russia. In the optionals, she performed solidly, placing high on all four events and contributing to the team's first-ever Olympic gold medal.She also placed 17th in the all-around, but four of her teammates (Shannon Miller, Dominique Dawes, Kerri Strug, and Dominique Moceanu) placed higher than her. Due to the fact that only three gymnasts from each country could perform in the all-around competition, <mask> could not compete in the final. Comeback
In October 1999, <mask> announced for a comeback in hopes of making the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney. She was not the only gymnast from the Magnificent Seven who announced a comeback for the 2000 Olympics; teammates Dominique Dawes, Dominique Moceanu, Amy Chow, and Shannon Miller were also vying for spots on the Olympic team. At the 2000 Classic, she competed on uneven bars, balance beam, and

masks: Phelps Phelps Phelps


texts:
 floor exercise, and qualified for the 2000 National Championships. She competed on day 1 of nationals, but withdrew on day 2 and petitioned to go to the 2000 Olympic Trials, but her petition was denied. Following a knee injury, she ultimately decided to retire from gymnastics.Eponymous skills

Awards and achievements
<mask> was inducted into the U.S. Gymnastics Hall of Fame in 1998 as a member of the 1996 U.S. gymnastics team. In 2008, she was inducted into the United States Olympic Hall of Fame in the team category. The team received their award in Chicago with other Olympic greats. Following their Olympic performance, they also made an appearance on the box of Wheaties and were featured in the book ''The Magnificent Seven." <mask> was awarded Sagamore of the Wabash, which is the highest award bestowed upon an Indiana resident, and the Ohio Governor's Award. Colerain Township proclaimed August 30, 1996 as "Jaycie <mask> Day".A street in Cincinnati, Ohio, was renamed in her honor as <mask> <mask> Drive. And on the east side of Greenfield, Indiana, there is now a road named Jaycie <mask> Road. <mask> opened Jaycie Phelps Athletic with her husband in Greenfield, Indiana. Major results

National results

2000 John Hancock U.S. Gymnastics Championships, St. Louis;
2000 U.S. Classic, Tulsa, Okla.; 14-AA
1996 U.S. Olympic Trials-Gymnastics, Boston, Mass. ; 3rd-AA
1996 Coca-Cola National Championships, Knoxville, Tenn.; 2nd-AA
1996 American Classic/World Championships Trials, Tulsa, Okla.; 1st-AA
1995 World Team Trials, Austin, Texas; 3rd-AA (injured-based on National Championships score only)
1995 Coca-Cola National Championships, New Orleans, La. ; 3rd-AA, 4th(t)-UB,

masks: Phelps Phelps Phelps Jaycie Phelps Phelps Phelps


texts:
 5th-V, 6th-FX
1995 U.S. Classic, Birmingham, Ala.; 1st-AA, UB, BB & FX, 2nd-V
1995 American Classic/Pan American Games Trials, Oakland, Calif.; 8th-AA, 3rd(t)-UB, 6th-BB
1994 NationsBank World Team Trials, Richmond, Va.; 5th-AA
1994 Coca-Cola National Championships, Nashville, Tenn.; 6th-AA, 5th-UB, BB & FX
1994 U.S. Classic, Palm Springs, Calif.; 3rd-AA
1994 U.S. Olympic Festival, St. Louis, Mo.; 3rd-AA, 4th-Team, 5th-BB, 6th-FX
1994 American Classic/World Championships Trials, Orlando, Fla.; 15th(t)-AA
1993 Coca-Cola National Championships, Salt Lake City, Utah; 24th-AA (jr. division)
1993 U.S. Classic, Austin, Texas; 15th-AA (jr. division)

International results

1996 Olympic Games, Atlanta, Ga.; 1st-Team, 17th-AA (Competition I)
1996 Individual Event World Championships, San Juan, Puerto Rico; 8th-UB, 7th-BB
1996 Budget Rent a Car Gymnastics Invitational USA vs. France, Miami, Fla.; 1st-Team
1995 World Championships, Sabae, Japan; 3rd-Team, 7th-UB
1995 International Mixed Pairs, Seattle, Wash.; 9th-AA (with partner Josh Stein)
1995 McDonald's American Cup, Seattle, Wash.; 12th-AA (prelims. ), 3rd(t)-UB
1995 Reese's International Gymnastics Cup, Portland, Ore.; 7th-BB
1994 Team World Championships, Dortmund, Germany; 2nd-Team

References

External links

1979 births
Living people
American female artistic gymnasts
Gymnasts at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
Originators of elements in artistic gymnastics
People from Greenfield, Indiana
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in gymnastics
Gymnasts from Indiana
U.S. women's national team gymnasts
21st-century American


texts:
<mask> is an American film producer. He attended the University of Rochester and subsequently the NYU – Tisch School of the Arts. <mask> began his career in television commercials and educational films in New York, then moved to Los Angeles, where he now resides, to work in theatrical feature films. Career
<mask>man has been involved in the production of a diverse range of motion pictures as a producer over the past thirty years. His own production, "Conviction," based on a true story, starring Hilary Swank, Sam Rockwell and Minnie Driver, directed by Tony Goldwyn, was released in October 2010 by Fox Searchlight and received many awards and critical praise. He also produced "Foster Boy," directed by Youssef Delara, starring Matthew Modine and Lou Gossett Jr., a compelling drama based on a true story about an attorney taking on the issue of child abuse in the foster care system. He is a producer of the feature film, "Any Day," released in May, 2015, directed by Rustam Branaman, starring Sean Bean, Eva Longoria, Tom Arnold and Kate Walsh.Mr. Sugerman was recently co-executive producer of the one-hour drama series, "The Divide," for AMC Studios and WEtv, with the pilot written by Richard LaGravenese and directed by Tony Goldwyn, which premiered in July, 2014. He executive produced the 2011 release, "Judy Moody and the Not Bummer Summer," based on the best-selling children's book series and starring Heather Graham, directed by John Schultz. Released in 2013 is "Crazy Kind of Love," which he executive produced, starring Virginia Madsen, Anthony LaPaglia, Zach Gilford and Eva Longoria, directed by Sarah Siegel-Magness. Over the last few years he executive produced "Death Sentence", starring Kevin Bacon, directed by James Wan, released by Twentieth Century

masks:
Andrew Sugerman
Andrew
Andrew Barry Suger


texts: Fox, and the thriller "Premonition" with Sandra Bullock, which was a highly successful release from Sony Tristar. He also executive produced "Shopgirl," which has been released by Disney, starring Steve Martin, Claire Danes and Jason Schwartzman, directed by Anand Tucker, as well as the comedy "Grilled" for New Line Cinema, starring Ray Romano and Kevin James, directed by Jason Ensler. In 2006 he executive produced the hit family road-trip comedy "Johnson Family Vacation" starring Cedric the Entertainer, Vanessa Williams and Bow Wow, for Fox Searchlight. Mr. Sugerman produced Walter Hill's boxing drama "Undisputed," starring Wesley Snipes, Ving Rhames and Peter Falk, released by Miramax.He also produced the comedy "Boat Trip," starring Cuba Gooding Jr., Roger Moore, Vivica A. Fox and Will Ferrell, released by Artisan. He served as line producer on the caper comedy "The Whole Ten Yards," starring Bruce Willis, Matthew Perry and Amanda Peet, directed by Howard Deutch, released by Warner Bros, which followed the action-thriller "Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever," starring Antonio Banderas and Lucy Liu, directed by Kaos, also from Warners. He also line produced the drama "Prozac Nation," based on the Elizabeth Wurtzel novel, starring Christina Ricci, Jessica Lange, Anne Heche, Jonathan Rhys-Meyers and Jason Biggs, directed by Erik Skoldbjaerg, released by Miramax. Mr. Sugerman's extensive line producing credits also include "The Prophet's Game," starring Dennis Hopper, Stephanie Zimbalist and Sondra Locke; "Kimberly," starring Gabrielle Anwar, Sean Astin, Molly Ringwald, Patty Duke and Lainie Kazan; "The Sterling Chase," starring Alanna Ubach, Jack Noseworthy and Nicholle Tom; "Michael Angel" starring Dennis Hopper and Richard Greico, "Blue Motel," starring Sean


texts:
 Young, Soleil Moon Frye and Robert Vaughn; and "Spiders" starring Lana Perillo and Josh Green. He also executive produced "Love Kills," starring Mario Van Peebles, Leslie Ann Warren, Daniel Baldwin and Louise Fletcher.As a producer and executive producer, Mr. Sugerman's credits also include "McCinsey's Island," "Mercy Street," "Somebody Is Waiting," "Savate," "Spilt Milk" and "Deadly Rivals," among others. Additionally an accomplished director and writer, Mr. Sugerman shared the writing credit for the story of the NBC Family Special, "A Place at the Table," starring Danny Glover and Lukas Haas; and he directed the feature film comedy "Basic Training," starring Ann Dusenberry and Marty Brill. His television credits include producing the movie thriller, "Payoff," starring Keith Carradine and Harry Dean Stanton, for Showtime; and the feature comedy "Working Trash," starring Ben Stiller and George Carlin, directed by Alan Metter, for Fox Network. Further TV credits include executive producing the special "The Bulkin Trail," starring David Hasselhoff, and producing and directing "The Hayburners." He also produced and directed "Mandy's Grandmother," starring Maureen O'Sullivan, which was released theatrically and garnered an Academy Award nomination. Mr. Sugerman is a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, The Producers Guild of America and the Directors Guild of America. Filmography (producer)

Films
"You Are My Home" Producer (2020)
Home Executive Producer (2020)
Wild Daze Executive Producer (2020)
"Foster Boy" Producer (2019)
"Any Day" Producer (2015)
Crazy Kind of Love Executive Producer (2012)
Judy Moody and the Not Bummer Summer Executive Producer (2011)
"Long Time Gone" Executive Producer (2011)
Conviction Producer (2009)
Death


texts:
 Sentence  Executive Producer.(2006)
Premonition  Executive Producer. (2006)
Grilled  Executive Producer (2005)
Shopgirl Executive Producer (2004)
Johnson Family Vacation Executive Producer (2003)
The Whole Ten Yards  Line Producer (2003)
Ballistic: Ecks vs. Sever  Line Producer (2002)
Boat Trip   Producer (2002)
Undisputed   Producer (2001)
Prozac Nation  Line Producer (2000)
Spiders  Line Producer (1999)
The Prophet's Game   Line Producer (1999)
Kimberly   Line Producer (1998)
The Sterling Chase  Line Producer (1998)
The Apostate''' Line Producer (1998)Love Kills  Executive Producer (1998)Blue Motel  Line Producer (1997)McCinsey's Island   Supervising Producer / Line Producer (1997)Mercy Street   Executive Producer (1997)Somebody is Waiting   Consulting Producer (1996)Savate  Supervising Producer (1994)Spilt Milk  Producer (1995)Deadly Rivals  Executive Producer (1993)Payoff  Producer (1993)Working Trash  Producer (1990)In Gold We Trust  Finance Executive (1989)

Filmography (director)

FilmsBasic Training:  Director. (1985)

Television

PilotsCash America:  Executive Producer. (1990)

Television specials
The Bulkin Trail: Executive Producer. (1992)The Hayburners:  Producer and Director. (1981)

Drama
"The Divide"  (TV Series) Executive Producer (2014- )Mandy's Grandmother:''  Producer and Director (1980)

References

https://web.archive.org/web/20080107013429/http://www.variety.com/profiles/people/main/51956/Andrew%20Sugerman.html?dataSet=1
https://www.variety.com/article/VR1117993140.html?categoryid=13&cs=1&query=andrew+sugerman

External links
 http://www.pantheonentertainment.com

People from Morristown, New Jersey
Living people
University of Rochester alumni
Tisch School of the Arts alumni
American film producers
Year of birth missing (living


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<mask> (born 11 June 1970) is an English screenwriter, author and producer. With Matthew Vaughn, she co-wrote the screenplays of Kingsman: The Secret Service (2014) and its sequel Kingsman: The Golden Circle (2017), as well as X-Men: First Class (2011), Kick-Ass (2010) and Stardust (2007). <mask> also worked on the story of X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014), the sequel to First Class, in partnership with Vaughn. Both met high critical praise for their partnership works. <mask>'s first solo screenplay was The Woman in Black (2012). She also wrote the script for Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children, a 2016 film adaption of the novel, for Tim Burton. She has also written the books Dreamworld (2000) and The X-Files Book of the Unexplained (1997), and presented her own TV series on the paranormal, <mask> Investigates, on the channel Living, in 2003 and 2004.Early life
<mask> was raised in a liberal, middle-class family in north London, the only child of a Jewish father and a Buddhist mother. She attended the King Alfred School, an independent school in Hampstead, until the age of 15 before moving to the United States to follow Boy George on tour. Upon her return to the UK, she took a job as an entertainment reporter with the Daily Star. When she was 16, she met TV presenter Jonathan Ross. They married in 1988, when <mask> was 18 years old. The couple have three children: two daughters and a son. Professional career

Journalism, books and TV
As a journalist, <mask> worked on newspapers and magazines such as Just Seventeen, Cosmopolitan, The Times, Evening Standard, Zero, Daily Star, Total Guitar, Game Zone and Sega Zone.At the age of 19, she became a freelance writer. <mask> also wrote books: Thirteen-Something (1993),

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Jane Loretta Anne Goldman
Goldman
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 Streetsmarts: A Teenager's Safety Guide (1996), Sussed and Streetwise (1997), the two-volume best-selling series The X-Files Book of the Unexplained (1997), her first and only novel Dreamworld (2000) and Do the Right Thing (2007). Between 2003 and 2004 she had her own television series. <mask> Investigates researched the paranormal and was transmitted by channel Living between 2003 and 2004. <mask> is also in the production teams of a number of TV shows, such as The Big Fat Quiz of the Year. Screenwriting and partnership with Matthew Vaughn
She made the jump to screenwriting, and was part of the writing team for David Baddiel's short-lived sitcom Baddiel's Syndrome, in 2001. Later, she co-wrote the screenplay of Stardust (2007), based on the novel of the same name by Neil Gaiman and directed by Matthew Vaughn.Gaiman introduced <mask> to Vaughn to provide the director some help with the adaptation process. The film received many accolades and gave the screenwriters a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form. After Stardust, <mask> became a frequent collaborator with director Matthew Vaughn, co-writing his next films, the comic-book adaptations Kick-Ass (2010) and X-Men: First Class (2011). Both films won strong praise amongst film critics. Kick-Ass enjoys a cult following and X-Men: First Class is considered by many critics to be one of the best of all X-Men films. Rotten Tomatoes consensus says: "With a strong script, stylish direction, and powerful performances from its well-rounded cast, X-Men: First Class is a welcome return to form for the franchise." She continued to work in adaptations, and was also a co-writer with Vaughn and Peter Straughan for the 2011 drama-thriller The Debt, which was based on the 2007

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 Israeli film HaHov and directed by John Madden.<mask> also adapted for Hammer The Woman in Black, based on Susan Hill's horror novel. This film was directed by James Watkins and it is the first solo screenplay by <mask>. It was released in 2012 and met positive reviews. In March 2013, The Woman in Black won the Empire Award for Best Horror. She is credited on X-Men: Days of Future Past, the sequel to First Class, as writing the story with Matthew Vaughn and Simon Kinberg. With Vaughn, <mask> co-wrote the script for Kingsman: The Secret Service (2015), based on the comic book by Mark Millar and Dave Gibbons. She wrote the script for Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children, an adaptation of the Ransom Riggs novel of the same name, which was directed by Tim Burton.Upcoming projects
<mask> is attached to various upcoming projects, including Nonplayer, an adaptation of the sci-fi comic book by Nate Simpson for Warner Bros.; and a rewrite of the Pinocchio screenplay originally written by Bryan Fuller,  She is also involved in adaptation of Anubis, based on a science-fiction/comedy short story by Paul Murray. On 6 December 2017, it was announced <mask> would write a screenplay for Disney's live-action adaptation of The Little Mermaid with Rob Marshall being eyed to direct. In May 2017, HBO announced <mask> was one of four writers working on a potential pilot for a Game of Thrones spin-off. In addition to <mask>, Carly Wray, Max Borenstein, and Brian Helgeland were also working on potential pilots. <mask> has been working and communicating with George R. R. Martin, the author of A Song of Ice and Fire, the series of novels upon which the original series is based. Game of Thrones showrunners D. B. Weiss and David Benioff would also

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 be executive producers for whichever project is picked up by HBO. In June 2018, it was confirmed that <mask>'s pilot had been greenlit by HBO, and would focus on "the world's descent from the golden Age of Heroes into its darkest hour", thousands of years before the events of Game of Thrones.In late October 2019, it was announced that HBO would not be moving forward with the pilot. <mask> co-wrote the 2020 adaptation of Daphne du Maurier's Gothic romance Rebecca, directed by Ben Wheatley. In popular culture
Alongside her husband, broadcaster Jonathan Ross, <mask> appeared as a character in Neil Gaiman's short story The Facts in the Case of the Departure of Miss Finch in 1996. Gaiman is a personal friend of the couple. Filmography
Writing credits
 Stardust (2007)
 Kick-Ass (2010)
 The Debt (2010)
 James Bond Supports International Women's Day	(2011)
 X-Men: First Class (2011)
 The Woman in Black (2012)
 X-Men: Days of Future Past (2014) (Story only)
 Kingsman: The Secret Service (2015)
 Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children (2016)
 The Limehouse Golem (2016) (Also executive producer}
 Kingsman: The Golden Circle (2017)
 Rebecca (2020)
 The Little Mermaid (2023)

Television

Bibliography

References

External links

1970 births
Living people
21st-century English women writers
English female models
English people of Jewish descent
English screenwriters
English television presenters
English television producers
English women journalists
English women novelists
English writers on paranormal topics
People from Hammersmith
British women screenwriters
Women science fiction and fantasy writers
English women non-fiction writers
British women television producers
British television producers
Ross family
21st-century British

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<mask>  (Salvador, June 21, 1830 – São Paulo, August 24, 1882) was a Brazilian  (self-taught lawyer), abolitionist, orator, journalist and writer, and the Patron of the . Born to a free black mother and a white father, he was nevertheless made a slave at the age of 10, and remained illiterate until the age of 17. He judicially won his own freedom and began to work as a lawyer on behalf of the captives, and by the age of 29 he was already an established author and considered "the greatest abolitionist in Brazil". Although considered one of the exponents of , works such as Manuel Bandeira's "Apresentação da Poesia Brasileira" do not even mention his name. He had such a unique life that it is difficult to find, among his biographers, any who do not become passionate when portraying him - being himself also charged with passion, emotional and yet captivating. Despite this the historian Boris Fausto declared that he owned a "soap opera biography". He was one of the rare black intellectuals in 19th century slave-owning Brazil, the only self-taught and the only one to have gone through the experience of captivity.He spent his life fighting for the abolition of slavery and for the end of the monarchy in Brazil, but died six years before these causes were accomplished. In 2018 his name was inscribed in the Steel Book of national heroes deposited in the Tancredo Neves Pantheon of the Fatherland and Freedom. Panorama from the time
São Paulo, where <mask> lived for forty-two years, was in the middle of the 19th century a still small provincial capital that, with the demand for coffee production from the 1870s on, saw the price of

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Luís Gonzaga Pinto da Gama
Gama


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 slaves reach a level that made their urban possession almost prohibitive. Until this period, however, it was quite common the property of "rent slaves", on whose work their owners drew their source of sustenance, alongside the so-called "domestic slaves". It had a population ten times smaller than that of the Court (Rio de Janeiro), and a very strong presence of legal culture because, since 1828, one of the only two law schools in the country had been established there, the Largo de São Francisco Law School, which received students from all over the country, coming from all social strata - besides the children of the rural oligarchy, members of the intellectual elite that was being formed at the time (<mask> defined it, then, as "Noah's Ark in a small way"). Childhood and slavery
<mask> <mask> was born on June 21, 1830, at Bângala street Nº2, in the centre from the city of Salvador, Bahia. Even with little information about his childhood, it is known that he was the son of <mask>a Mahin, a freed African ex-slave, and the son of a Portuguese fidalgo who lived in Bahia.At the age of seven, his mother traveled to Rio de Janeiro to participate in the Sabinada revolt, never to meet him again. In 1840, his father ended up in debt with gambling, so he resorted to selling <mask> <mask> as a slave to pay his debts. There is no evidence that his father sought him out after that. As an adult, <mask> understood that when he was sold he was a victim of the crime of "Enslaving a free person, who is in possession of his freedom. ", provided in Article 179 from Criminal Code of the Empire of Brazil, sanctioned shortly after his birth.

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 Furthermore, due to the fact that the revolts that took place in Bahia led to the prohibition of the sale of slaves from this province to other regions of Brazil, the sale and transport of <mask> <mask> to São Paulo was constituted as contraband. In an autobiographical letter he sent in 1880 to , he describes his birth and early childhood thus:

Lígia Ferreira, one of the researchers who has most studied <mask>'s life, points out that this information could not be verified, although she stresses that the sobrado where he was born still exists; the register of his baptism could not be found, and adds to this the fact that the omission of his father's name from his account casts doubt on his real identity.Put up for sale, he was rejected "for being Bahian". After the Malê revolt, a stigma was created that Bahian captives were rebellious and more likely to run away. He was taken to Rio de Janeiro where he was sold to Antonio Pereira Cardoso, a slave trader who took him to be resold in São Paulo. From the Port of Santos, <mask> and the other slaves were taken on foot to be sold in Jundiaí and Campinas. With all the buyers resisting buying him because he was from Bahia, <mask> began working as a domestic slave on the ensign's property, washing and ironing clothes, and then became a , working as a seamstress and shoemaker in the town of Lorena. Freedom and adulthood
In 1847, <mask> <mask> had contact with a law student, Antônio Rodrigues do Prado Júnior, who stayed at his master's house and taught him the alphabet. The following year <mask> was already literate and had taught the ensign's children to read, which he used as

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texts: an argument in favor of his alforria, which was not successful.With this, <mask> <mask> was able to prove his freedom and joined the army in 1848. It remains unclear, however, the artifices used by <mask> to obtain his freedom, and it is suggested that he may have used the testimony of his father - whose identity he was careful to keep obscure. There is also the theory that <mask> would have run away from the estate and argued that he was free because he could read and write, which were skills that most slaves did not possessed. He was part of the City Guard from 1848 until 1954, when he was imprisoned for 39 days due to "insoburdination" after "threatening an insolent officer" who had insulted him. Before that, in 1850, he had married Claudina Fortunata Sampaio. Even while serving in the army, he was chosen to work as a copyist for official authorities in his spare time, since he had good calligraphy. In 1856, he was hired as a clerk at the São Paulo Police Department, in the office of Francisco Maria de Souza Furtado de Mendonça, a counselor and law professor.With the knowledge of Francisco Mendonça and having his library at his disposal, <mask> <mask> further studied the subject of law until he made the decision to graduate from the Largo de São Francisco Law School. However, the students of the Faculty were against it, making it impossible for <mask> <mask> to enroll, so he began to study on his own, as attending classes as a listener and became a "rábula", the name given to the individual who had enough legal knowledge to be a lawyer, even without a law degree. After acting in slave cases, <mask> was dismissed from

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 his position at the Secretariat of Police, in 1868, due to pressure from  who were dissatisfied with the freedoms won by the rábula. <mask> defined his dismissal "for the good of the public service" as a consequence of the work he had been doing to free slaves who were in an illegal situation, in addition to denouncing the system's abuses, or, in his words

Literature

<mask> was a reader of the Vida de Jesus (Life of Jesus), by the French philosopher Ernest Renan, originally published in 1863 and soon translated in Brazil, being one of the first to refer to it in the country. His only work, originally published in two editions (1859 and 1861), Primeiras Trovas Burlescas, placed him in the literary pantheon of Brazil only twelve years after he learned to read. This book, dedicated to Salvador Furtado de Mendonça, a magistrate who taught at the Largo de S. Francisco and who also managed his library there (which allows us to infer that he facilitated <mask>'s access to his collection), also has poems by his friend José Bonifácio the Younger, attached. The third edition of the work only came out posthumously, in 1904.Poetry: the "Orpheus with a curly top"
Recalling the figure of the Greek poet Orpheus, and alluding to his curly hair, <mask> was called "Orpheus with a curly top", and mastered both lyric and satirical poetry. His poetics is written in the first person, without hiding his own origin and without failing to proclaim his blackness; at the same time, he does not fail to use the traditional images of his time, such as mythological evocations (like Orpheus, Cupid, etc.) or the poets of the past (like Lamartine,

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 Camões, for example). However, <mask> reverts these images to his condition: the muse is from Guinea, Orpheus has "curly top". In portraying white society, he uses strongly satirical images:

He builds, from the elements of white culture, the antithesis to the culture and civilization of the blacks, filling them with elements of traditional poetry; thus, he contrasts the "Guinea muse" to the Greco-Roman muses; the dark granite to the white marble; the marimba and the cabaço to the lyre and the flute:

In his verses, he traces an image of himself that is far from the figure of the "poor wretch" or sufferer that figures in the blacks painted by contemporary white poets like Castro Alves. <mask> hits himself with the same fierce criticism with which he attacks the system, belittling his own value before the prevailing cultural standards, which he implicitly accepts:

<mask> even ironizes the situation of the black man, cut off from wealth, the sciences, and the arts:

Goat
"Goat" (Bode) was a term used in <mask>'s time to make pejorative references to black and pardo people, more specifically, "gathering of mixed-race people", and the poet himself was the target of these offenses. Thus, in 1861, in the poem Quem sou eu?also known as Bodarrada, <mask> used the term ironically to satirize Brazilian society, while affirming human equality regardless of color:

Abolitionist Activism

Journalism and Freemasonry
Part of <mask> <mask>'s abolitionist activism resided in his activity in the press. He began his journalistic career in São Paulo, together with cartoonist Angelo Agostini; both founded, in 1864, the first illustrated

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texts: humorous newspaper in that city, called  (Lame Devil), which lasted from October 1864 until November 1865. Before this, however, he had been an apprentice printer at O Ipiranga and had worked in the editorial staff of Radical Paulistano. His actions as a journalist and lawyer, as early as 1869, had made him one of the most influential and popular figures in the city of São Paulo. Despite this, <mask> did not become a rich man and kept what little money he had to donate to the needy who came to him. <mask> <mask> was the only black abolitionist in Brazil to have experienced slavery. But <mask> also wrote articles for other newspapers, in which he discoursed on socio-racial issues of Imperial Brazil.In an article entitled Foro de Belém de Jundiaí, published in , <mask> denounces the decision of a judge who, after the death of a slave master, allowed the auction of a former slave who had been freed by his heir son. His journalistic and legal actions brought him many enemies, and the author Julio Emílio Braz even claims that Dioguinho was hired to assassinate him when <mask> was nearing the end of his life, but a letter written to his son on September 23, 1870 makes it clear that he had been suffering threats against his life for some time. In 1866, still with Agostini, now joined by , they founded the hebdomadário ; all three belonged to the same Masonic lodge, and shared the same republican and abolitionist ideals. The America Masonic Lodge was very active in the abolitionist cause; it was founded by <mask> <mask> and Ruy Barbosa and Joaquim Nabuco (who omits his Masonic background) may also have been a member. At the

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 time of his death, <mask> was the institution's Venerable Master. One of his projects within the freemasonry was, in June 1969, through the America Lodge and together with Olímpio da Paixão, the creation of a free school for children and an evening primary school for adults in the 25 de Março Street. Historian Bruno Rodrigues de Lima also found a manuscript that presents the idea that <mask> had been responsible for the creation of a community library with 5 thousand titles, something that was attributed to the Loja América, and his manifestos published in the newspaper "Democracia" demonstrate his commitment to a project of a public and secular school at least 30 years before the first debates on this subject.The "Gama style" of judicial practice

In 1831, a law was passed that prohibited the importation of slaves into Brazil, making any trafficked individual free as soon as he or she arrived in the country. Called the , it became better known as a , because it was a law passed to appease British pressure for the abolition of slavery in Brazil, without actually putting an end to the importation of slaves. Although it was not a law enforced by slave traders, it was the legal instrument by which <mask> used to achieve the liberation of slaves. The so-called "Gama style" consisted of proving through legal proceedings that the enslaved blacks defended by <mask> were brought illegally to Brazil, that is, after the promulgation of the Feijó Law in 1831, and should therefore be freed. With the promulgation of the Lei do Ventre Livre (Free Womb Law) in 1871, <mask> was able to get more freed slaves. In one of the items of the

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texts: law, it was established the requirement of registration of each slave that a master owned. If the slave did not have a registration, it could be used as an argument for his alforria, as <mask> did.Also, article 4 of the law formalized the purchase of the slave's manumission charter by the slave himself or by others, which allowed abolitionists to pass themselves off as slave valuers and lower the purchase price, allowing <mask> and other abolitionists to buy more freedoms at lower prices. Although he acted mainly in the defense of blacks accused of crimes, of those who fled or to seek their legal freedoms, he did not refuse to attend gracefully to the poor of any ethnicity, and there were cases in which he defended European immigrants injured by Brazilians. <mask> also helped newly freed slaves find a job. In his autobiographical letter to Lúcio de Mendonça, <mask> estimates that he had already freed more than 500 slaves from captivity and in an 1869 court case known as the "Netto Question", <mask> secured the freedom of 217 slaves, in an act regarded as the "largest known collective action to free slaves in the Americas," according to the BBC. During a jury, <mask> uttered a phrase that became famous: The slave who kills the master, in whatever circumstance, always kills in self-defense - this provoked such a reaction from those present that, with the confusion, the judge was forced to suspend the session. Historian Ligia Fonseca Ferreira says that this phrase actually appeared in the biography of <mask> <mask> written by Lúcio de Mendonça and published in the Almanaque Literário de São Paulo, explaining that "This

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 phrase is not by Luiz <mask>, it is by this white friend who wrote about him". An article in the Estado de São Paulo also says that <mask> never wrote these words in exact, and historian Bruno Rodrigues de Lima says that this concept reappears several times in his work.In one example, in the Letter to Ferreira de Menezes dated December 18, 1880, when defending 4 slaves considered "four Spartacus" by <mask>, who had murdered the son of their master Valeriano José do Vale, and had been executed by 300 people while inside the prision by "...the knife, the stick, the hoe, the axe...", <mask> said:

An equivalent sentence was published on August 19, 1882 as the subtitle of the article "To the slavocrats", written by Raul Pompeia, in the Abolitionist Center's newspaper "ÇA IRA": "Before the Law, the crime of homicide perpetrated by the slave in the person of the master is justifiable". Ethnic views
<mask> <mask> was against African descendants who acted like whites or even became cruel slavers, and he thought it was funny to see slavers of multi-ethnic origin trying to pass themselves off as whites. About his father, he said, "My father, I dare not claim that he was white, because such claims, in this country, constitute grave danger before the truth". Colonel Teodoro Xavier hated <mask> <mask> for having already lost a slave to him, so he called him "Goat", trying to insult him, to which one day, the lawyer replied: "I am not a goat, I am black. My color does not deny it. A goat is your honor who intends to disguise, with this light color, the mulatto underneath". Political Activity
In his political activities <mask> was

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 affiliated to Liberal Party and before the  he had already exposed his ideas in the article "The American Brazil and the lands of Cruzeiro without king or slaves" published on December 2, 1869.Later, <mask> was part of the group that for the first time tried to found a republican party and on July 2, 1873, he came to participate in the First Republican Congress, already part of the Paulista Republican Party, where he found that the party and its members, many slave owners, did not care or interest themselves in the abolitionist agenda. Because he believed that abolition should be immediate and without compensation to the slaveholders, he left the party and started criticizing it in the media, and these criticisms also extended to newspapers that claimed to be in favor of the abolitionist cause, but published advertisements about the capture of slaves. Death and burial
The writer Raul Pompeia had already noticed that <mask>'s health was not good; three days before his death he had observed that <mask> no longer climbed down the stairs of his office without support, resorting to the support of his friends Pedro, Brasil Silvado, or himself, Raul. <mask> had diabetes. On the morning of August 24, 1882 he had lost his speech and despite the intervention of more than 20 doctors, this was the causa mortis that victimized him that afternoon, certified by physician Jaime Perna. When the great abolitionist and slave liberator had died, Raul Pompeia expressed his incredulity and, registering every moment of the funeral, he immediately went to his friend's house, where he verified that many people were already there, keeping vigil:


texts: in front of the house, men cried "like cowards", and ladies sobbed. His body had been placed in a coffin in the front room; a sculptor molded his face in plaster.The coffin left the next day at three o'clock in the afternoon. Just before the coffin was closed, the widow gave a painful cry. The cemetery was at the other end of town, and a funeral coach had been prepared to take him, but the crowd of people who had flocked there would not let him go: "Everyone's friend" - as he was known - would have to be "carried by everyone". Commerce had closed its doors and flowers were thrown to Gama. The coffin appears, brought by friends of the deceased: journalist and member of the Centro Abolicionista Gaspar da Silva, Dr. Antônio Carlos, Dr. Pinto Ferraz, , among others; ahead of the coffin followed a huge crowd, like the one squeezed in beside, disputing the honor of carrying the coffin; behind, a large number of carriages and, among them, the empty funeral coach. At four hours and five minutes, the procession arrived at Brás, where a band was waiting to accompany it, playing sad chords; at , the Brotherhood of Nossa Senhora dos Remédios joined the burial; arriving at the "city", stores closed their doors and flags were flying at half-mast, while people crowded the streets where the burial was to take place; in the windows, families squeezed themselves to watch: all along the way, many mourned the loss. Professor Otávio Torres recorded that <mask> <mask> died "glorified by São Paulo"; Antônio Loureiro de Sousa, in 1949, recorded: "His funeral was an unprecedented spectacle: it was the largest ever reported in those days.The

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 crowd that followed the funeral cortege, with all silence and admiration, was forced to stop by the numerous speeches that interrupted the funeral procession". More recently, in 2013, article writer Zeca Borges declared that "his burial was the most emotional event in the history of the city of São Paulo". People of all classes were there, and all vying for the chance to carry the skiff. At one point, the slave driver  carried on one side, and on the other, a haughty, "poor, ragged, barefooted black man", in Pompey's register. It was already evening when the procession finally arrived at the Consolação holy ground, and the crowd held its ground. After a brief stop for a sermon by a priest in the chapel, where the hundreds of wreaths of flowers were laid, the coffin was finally taken to the grave, where the crowd was waiting. Before lowering it, however, someone - the doctor  or , shouted for everyone to wait; after a brief speech in which he remembered the importance of <mask> <mask>, bringing everyone to tears, he summoned everyone to swear an oath not to let "die the idea for which that giant had fought": this was answered by a general roar from the crowd, which, hands extended to the coffin, swore.His grave was purchased on the same day as the burial in the name of his wife Claudina, as recorded in Book 2, fols. 28, of the Municipal Archives; it is located on 2nd Street, grave 17. Effects from the speeches
<mask>'s death and the engaged speech at his grave marked the end of this first phase of the abolitionist movement, markedly "legalistic" (constitution of funds for the acquisition of captives and their freedom,

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 legal actions for liberation) and the beginning of the phase of effective actions to combat the slavers: led by Clímaco Barbosa, the campaign moved on to "de facto ways", where people took in runaway slaves, hiding them in their homes until they were sent to the Quilombo do Jabaquara, in Santos, and stimulating mass escape from the farms. A milestone of this action was the invasion of Chácara Pari by members of the Brás Abolitionist Club, with cries of "Long live the abolitionists, let the slavocrats die! "; people such as Barbosa, Antônio Bento, Feliciano Bicudo, among other notables and anonymous, became part of the police's list of suspects. In 1879, recognizing that his illness was worsening, <mask> <mask> began to consider radical methods and Antônio Bento, who had left his position as a judge to dedicate himself to the anti-slavery struggle was of paramount importance in this area and was later considered "the ghost of abolition". Antônio Bento inherited the position of lawyer for the Abolitionist Club upon <mask>'s death.Later came the Abolitionist Party and the Caifazes movement, led by Antônio Bento, who radicalized the abolitionist campaign in actions as described in the first paragraph of the topic, which made Antônio Bento the immediate continuator of <mask> <mask>'s work. Homages and influences

Among his contemporaries <mask> was the recipient of several tributes. Raul Pompeia, in the  of September 10, 1882, wrote an article about him entitled Última página da vida de um grande homem (Last page in the life of a great man); the same author wrote a caricature of him, which was published that same year on the

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texts: front page of the Rio de Janeiro newspaper O Mequetrefe in August (No. 284), and also the unfinished novella A Mão de Luís Gama (The Hand of Luís Gama), originally published on the pages of the Jornal do Commercio, of São Paulo (1883), and the text A Morte de Luíz Gama (The death of Luíz Gama). Some years after his death, and following the Abolition, the Luís Gama Lodge was founded by the São Paulo Freemason Góes and the collaboration of brothers from the Trabalho and Ordem e Progresso lodges, with the initiation of 25 blacks. In his honor, in 1919, the  (currently  named one of its stations, today practically in ruins. Between 1923 and 1926, in what may be considered the "second period of the black press" in the state of São Paulo, the newspaper Getulino appeared in the city of Campinas; in this city racism was stronger than in the state capital itself, and the publication was part of the movement for greater participation of blacks in society; its title was a "tribute to Luís Gama who had as one of his pseudonyms Getulino" and its influence would culminate in the creation of O Clarim da Alvorada, a newspaper in the São Paulo capital.In , in São Paulo, there is a  erected to his memory, erected on commission by the black community on the occasion of his centennial. Over time it influenced several black Brazilian movements, such as the literary group Projeto Rhumor Negro of São Paulo, created in 1988, for whom <mask>'s letter to Mendonça is "one of the most important historical documents of the Brazilian people. (...) Given the magnitude of the life of this great man, this letter, crossing time, is also addressed to all


texts: of us". In 2014, in the wake of the success of the movie 12 Years a Slave, writer Ana Maria Gonçalves, author of the novelized work about <mask>'s life Um Defeito de Cor (A Color Defect), prepared a script for a movie and also drawing the attention of Brazilian television - pointing out that very little is said about slavery compared to other historical facts, such as the holocaust during World War II. In 2015 the play "Luiz <mask> — Uma voz pela liberdade" ("Luiz <mask> - A Voice for Freedom") was started, with actor and scriptwriter Deo Garcez as the protagonist and actress Nivia Helen as narrator and various characters. In 2017, the University of São Paulo Law School, in , named one of its rooms after him. In 2018 his name was inscribed in the Steel Book of national heroes deposited in the Tancredo Neves Pantheon of the Fatherland and Freedom and was recognized as a journalist by the .In 2019, it was announced that filmmaker  would make a film on the life of <mask>, with  as the character in adulthood. The film, then in production, was temporarily titled Prisioneiro da Liberdade (Prisoner of Liberty), also would feature actors Caio Blat and Zezé Motta. The name of the film came to be Doutor <mask>, with  as the main character, and was released in 2021. Also in 2019, the comic book Província Negra was published after winning the city of São Paulo's Fomento Cultural edict, portraying a fictional adventure based on the life of <mask>, who takes on the role of the protagonist in the adventure. The script is by Kaled Kanbour and the art by Kris Zullo. In 2021, the University of São Paulo posthumously awarded him an

masks: Gama Gama Gama Gama Gama Gama


texts:
 Honoris Causa doctorate, the first black Brazilian to receive this title from the university. Title of "lawyer"
133 years after his death, on November 3, 2015, the Order of Attorneys of Brazil, São Paulo Section, granted him the title of "lawyer", since he was not trained and acted as a "provisioned" or abolitionist.The tribute ceremony, entitled "Luiz <mask>: Ideas and Legacy of the Abolitionist Leader", included two days of events at Mackenzie Presbyterian University, through debates and lectures. The tribute is unprecedented in the history of the Order of Attorneys of Brazil; according to its national president, , "It is a very fitting tribute to someone who fought so hard for freedom, equality, and respect". Image Abroad
The Black Past website, focused on global African and African American history, has a page with the poet's biography. In March 2020, the workshop "Slavery, Freedom and Civil Law in the Brazilian Courts (1860-1888): How the Black Lawyer Luiz <mask> Developed a Legal Doctrine that Freed Five Hundred Slaves" took place at Princeton University. Complete work
Historian Bruno Rodrigues de Lima, from the Max Planck Institute, spent nine years going through archives and registry offices looking for the complete works of <mask> <mask>, in a project for the publication of ten volumes and approximately 5,000 pages in Portuguese entitled Obras Completas [Complete Works (of Luiz <mask>)], alongside the publisher Hedra. The project, published out of order, will be fully released by 2022. Bruno Rodrigues has researched to create <mask> <mask>'s timeline starting when he published his first text at the age of 19,

masks: Gama Gama Luís Gama Gama Luís Gama


texts:
 and among his research findings is the fact that he was already recognized as a lawyer in his time, not a rábula- and that this denomination may have been created to diminish him.Notes

References

Bibliography

Scientific papers

Books

Additional reading
 - Used in the article body on oldid=1039809695
 - Used in the article body on oldid=1039809695
 - Used in the article body on oldid=1039809695

External links

 A biography of <mask>  <mask> (in English)
 A biography of Luís Gama
 Organization dedicated to Luiz <mask> (in Portuguese)

1830 births
1882 deaths
Brazilian lawyers
Brazilian journalists
Romantic poets
Brazilian abolitionists
People from Salvador, Bahia
Deaths from diabetes
19th-century journalists
Male journalists
19th-century Brazilian poets
Brazilian male poets
19th-century Brazilian male writers
Brazilian


texts:
<mask> (February 25, 1934 – July 24, 1966) was an American professional golfer who rose to fame in the mid-1960s and won a major title, the 1964 Open Championship at the Old Course at St Andrews in Scotland. He died two years later at age 32 in an aircraft accident near Chicago. Early life
Born in Oakland, California, <mask>'s parents were Anthony H<mask> (1899–1937) and Clotilda M<mask>, née Silva (1910–2000), both of Portuguese ancestry. His father died of pneumonia when <mask> was three years old, and his widowed mother struggled to raise the family of four children on welfare. He began playing golf as a boy at Lake Chabot municipal golf course and learned different aspects of the game from a variety of people. Noted African-American golf coach Lucius Bateman helped develop his swing and Oakland policeman Ralph Hall taught him course strategy. The golf pros at Lake Chabot, Dick Fry and Bill Burch, trained him on basic golf fundamentals, including the use of a square stance.At age 17, <mask> enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps and served in Korea. After his discharge from the military in 1955, he obtained work as an assistant to the club professional at a San Francisco golf club. Eddie Lowery, a wealthy San Francisco businessman, who assisted talented amateur players in the area, helped to sponsor and encourage <mask>. Lowery is best known as the 10-year-old caddy of champion Francis Ouimet at the 1913 U.S. Open. Lowery's sponsorship gave <mask> $200 a week expense money, to be repaid, in addition to splitting his winnings: <mask> received two-thirds, Lowery one-third. One additional detail was that all debts at the end of the year were to be carried forward. PGA Tour
By 1957, <mask> had developed his skills sufficiently to earn his way onto the PGA Tour, winning the Imperial Valley Open in memorable

masks:
Anthony David Lema
Lema
. Lema
. Lema
Tony
Lema
Lema
Lema
Lema
Lema


texts: fashion: Assuming he was out of contention, <mask> headed to the clubhouse bar, where he drank three highballs.Told that he would face Paul Harney in a sudden-death playoff, a relaxed <mask> won the tournament on the second extra hole. The following year, he began developing friendships with a trio of fellow golfers: Johnny Pott, Tommy Jacobs, and Jim Ferree, and during 11 tournaments in 1958, <mask> finished in the top 15, winning $10,282 for the year. The following year, <mask>'s winnings dropped to $5,900, followed by an even worse year in 1960, when he collected a mere $3,060. A raucous off-the-course lifestyle was taking its toll until he began talking with television producer Danny Arnold, who helped him improve his composure and bolster his confidence. While <mask>'s struggles continued in 1962, along with his debt to Lowery reaching over $11,000, his luck changed that autumn. His first tour win came in late September at Las Vegas, three strokes ahead runner-up Don January. Four weeks later, on the eve of his playoff victory at the Orange County Open Invitational in Costa Mesa, California, <mask> joked he would serve champagne to the press if he won the next day.From then on he was known as <mask>, and his handsome looks and vivacious personality added to the legend, such that Johnny Miller has stated that at the time of his death in 1966, <mask> was second only to Arnold Palmer in fan popularity. That win sparked an impressive performance over the next four years that saw <mask> win twelve official tour events, finish second on eleven occasions, and third four times. From 1963 until his death in July 1966, he finished in the top ten over half of the time and made the cut in every major, finishing in the top ten in eight of the fifteen in which he played. <mask> was a member of Ryder Cup

masks:
Lema
Lema
Lema
Lema
Lema
Lema
Champagne Tony
Lema
Lema
Lema


texts:
 teams in 1963 and 1965 with a record of 9–1–1 (), which remains the best for any player who has played in two or more. Friend and tour colleague Jack Nicklaus wrote that <mask>'s play also stabilized and improved greatly after he married Betty Cline, a former airline stewardess, in 1963. One additional reason for <mask>'s more relaxed play that year was the end of his agreement with Lowery. In 1963, <mask> finished second by one stroke to Nicklaus at the Masters, and missed the playoff for the U.S. Open by two shots, bogeying the last two holes, believing he needed birdies.He won the Memphis Open Invitational later that summer. <mask> won two other tournaments that fall and was named 1963 Most Improved Player by Golf Digest. That winter, he wrote, with Gwylim S. Brown, "Golfers' Gold", an autobiographical account of his eight-year apprenticeship in the competitive cauldron of the PGA Tour. Major champion
In 1964, <mask> won the Bing Crosby National Pro-Am at Pebble Beach, then three tournaments in four weeks: the Thunderbird Classic at Westchester in Rye, New York, the Buick Open Invitational at Warwick Hills in Grand Blanc, Michigan, and the Cleveland Open at Highland Park (in a playoff with Palmer). Two weeks later at St Andrews, Scotland, <mask> captured his only major title at the Open Championship, five shots ahead of runner-up Nicklaus. Before teeing up in the first round, he had only played nine practice holes. <mask> had hired Arnold Palmer's regular British caddy, Tip Anderson, since Palmer was not competing that year.Anderson, a descendant of a past Open champion, Jamie Anderson, had grown up on the course. At the September matchup of the four major champions of 1964, in the 36-hole exhibition World Series of Golf, <mask> won $50,000 (then the largest payoff in golf) at Firestone Country

masks: Lema Lema Lema Lema Lema Lema Lema Lema


texts:
 Club in Akron, Ohio, over Palmer (Masters), Ken Venturi (U.S. Open) and Bobby Nichols (PGA Championship). Due to his good looks and recent success, <mask> was tapped for a guest appearance in an episode of the TV series Hazel that aired January 7, 1965, in which Hazel misplaces his prized golf clubs. Later that year, he was on The Lawrence Welk Show, where Welk passed the baton to <mask> to direct the Champagne Music Makers. In 1965, <mask> won the Buick Open for the second consecutive year, and the Carling World Open, finishing second in prize money to Nicklaus. In fall 1965, he and Nicklaus formed the U.S. team to the World Cup of Golf. <mask>'s last victory came in 1966 in late May, in his wife's hometown at the Oklahoma City Open, winning by six strokes at Quail Creek.Two weeks later, he recovered from an opening round 78 to nearly capture a third consecutive Buick Open, finishing three shots behind Phil Rodgers, in fourth place. Death
Following the PGA Championship at Firestone in Akron in late July 1966, <mask> and his wife chartered an airplane to fly them to an exhibition tournament south of Chicago: the Little Buick Open at Lincolnshire Country Club in Crete, Illinois. The twin-engine Beechcraft Bonanza, piloted by Doris Mullen, ran out of fuel and crashed into a water hazard short of the seventh green of the nine-hole golf course at Lansing Sportsman's Club in Lansing (), about a half mile (0.8 km) northwest of their destination, Lansing Municipal Airport. During the fatal plunge, Mullen swerved left to avoid a group of people standing near the clubhouse. In addition to the Lemas and Mullen, who was a mother of four teenaged children, Dr. George Bard, the copilot and a surgeon, was killed. Bard and Mullen's husband, Wylie, were colleagues as well as owners of the ill-fated plane. <mask>

masks: Lema Lema Lema Lema Lema Lema


texts:
 and his wife, Betty, age 30, were buried in California at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery in Hayward after funeral services on July 28 at St. Elizabeth's Church in his hometown of Oakland.In 1983, a San Leandro public golf course bordering San Francisco Bay was named in his memory as the <mask> Drive, and there is a collection of photographs and other items in the clubhouse of Ludlow Country Club featuring <mask>. Professional wins (22)

PGA Tour wins (12)

PGA Tour playoff record (3–1)

Other wins (10)
Note:  This list is probably incomplete. 1957 Imperial Valley Open
1958 Idaho Open
1961 Hesperia Invitational Open, Mexican Open
1962 Mexican Open, Northern California Open, Northern California PGA Championship
1963 Northern California PGA Championship
1964 World Series of Golf, Northern California PGA Championship

Major championships

Wins (1)

Results timeline

CUT = missed the half-way cut
WD = withdrew
"T" = tied

Summary

Most consecutive cuts made – 15 (1963 Masters – 1966 PGA)
Longest streak of top-10s – 2 (three times)

U.S. national team appearances
Professional
Ryder Cup: 1963 (winners), 1965 (winners)
Canada Cup: 1965

References

External links
Sports Illustrated - cover - March 23, 1964
Tony Lema Golf Course Monarch Bay

American male golfers
PGA Tour golfers
Winners of men's major golf championships
Ryder Cup competitors for the United States
Golfers from California
United States Marine Corps personnel of the Korean War
20th-century American memoirists
American people of Portuguese descent
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1966
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in the United States
Accidental deaths in Illinois
Sportspeople from Oakland, California
People from San Leandro, California
Military personnel from California
Burials in Alameda County, California
1934 births
1966

masks:
Tony Lemama
Lema


texts:
<mask> (also <mask>), is a commissioner and board member of Conseil Supérieur de l'Audiovisuel, an independent agency of French government that regulates communications by radio, television, and internet platforms across France and all its territories. She was nominated by the president of the French Senate, Gérard Larcher, in 2017. Bienaimé-Besse used to be a television and cinema producer and a director. She used to be an executive at April Snow Films & Capital. Officier dans l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres promoted by French Minister of Culture Roselyne Bachelot and Chevalier de l'Ordre National du Mérite French order of merit by President Emmanuel Macron, Bienaimé Besse was a board member of the fund Compte de Soutien de l'Industrie de Programmes Audiovisuels at Centre national du cinéma et de l'image animée. She was also vice-president of Producers Guild in France and a board member of French Producers Society. Overview
Bienaimé Besse has over 20 years of experience in the international entertainment industry and fundraising.Since 1998 she has been involved in many international productions. Since 2017 Bienaimé-Besse has been a commissioner and board member of Conseil Supérieur de l'Audiovisuel. She was designated by Gérard Larcher, the president of the French Senate, and then confirmed by the Education and Culture Commission of French Senate for a six-year term. Before that, since 2007, and besides her producer and chief information officer position in April Snow Films & Capital, Bienaimé-Besse served as board member of Compte de Soutien de l'Industrie de Programmes Audiovisuels Fund at the Centre National du Cinéma et de l'Image Animée – the French public organisation part of the French Ministry of Culture that invests in feature films and TV programmes. Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres, Minister of Culture at that time, named her to the board of the fund. Producer, advisor for international productions and coproductions, and financing

masks:
Carole Bienaimé
Carole Bienaimé Besse


texts: expert, she was invited in 2010 by the Financial Times, to be part, as speaker, of the FT Business of Film Summit in Doha, Qatar, with other producers such as Harvey Weinstein, Bill Mechanic, Jeremy Thomas, and Mark Gordon. From February 2012 to January 2014 she was board member and vice president at the French Producers Guild.Since March 2012, she has been a regular columnist on Le Huffington Post (in association with Le Monde group). The editor-in-chief of the French version of The Huffington Post (Time Warner group) is managed by Anne Sinclair. Previously in 2007 Bienaimé was managing director and Producer at Elemiah, the production company of Yamina Benguigui and Marc Ladreit de Lacharrière part of FIMALAC Group. In 2006 she became shareholder of B Pop LLP, the production company of Malcolm McLaren, the same year Fast Food Nation by Richard Linklater, a feature film based on the novel of Eric Schlosser, produced by Malcolm Maclaren and Jeremy Thomas was selected by Festival de Cannes to be part of the official competition. In 2004, she co-founded Productions Campagne Première, an international documentary films production company with Martin Meissonnier. In 2000 she was head of fundraising and communications for Jacques Attali's international financing institution, PlaNet Finance, for which she also served as active board member. Bienaimé-Besse established her career in 1998 in the film industry working as a production manager at Productions Phares & Balises (Jean Labib & T. Celal) and with producer Marco Cherqui ("Un Prophète").In July 2010 Bienaimé-Besse was decorated as Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts & des Lettres a French cultural honor from the French Ministry of Culture for people of artistic or literary creation or for the contribution to the spread of arts and letters in France and the world. In 2020 she was promoted to Officer de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, by Roselyne Bachelot, Minister Of Culture. In December 2019


texts:
 President Emmanuel Macron, decorated her as Chevalier de l'Ordre National du Mérite (National Order of Merit). Bienaimé-Besse has a master's degree in law and international relations and a master's of business administration degree in economics. Filmography

Feature films
2012: Heart of Blackness by Valérie Tong-Cuong and Isabelle Boni-Claverie with Danny Glover, based on the novel Où je Suis by Valérie Tong-Cuong published by Éditions Grasset & Fasquelle
2006 : special advisor of Malcolm McLaren producer of Fast Food Nation a film by Richard Linklater, based on the novel of Eric Schlosser. Official competition at Festival de Cannes. Documentary films
2013 : Abraham Lincoln, the roads to Freedom by <mask> (France Télévisions)
2012 : Label & Life, a documentary TV series about creation with Jean-Charles de Castelbajac, Karl Lagerfeld, Jean-Paul Gaultier, etc.by David Carr-Brown, <mask> and Alain Teulère (NRJ Group/ NRJ 12/ NRJ Paris)
2008 : The Real Joan of Arc by Martin Meissonnier (ARTE)
2007 : Henri Leclerc au Nom de L'Homme, by Rémi Lainé, Empreintes (France 5)
2007: Taking on Chanel by Bren Simson (Al Jazeera English)
2004 : On God's Right by Martin Meissonnier (Canal + and SBS Australia)
2000 : Fous d'Opéra by Elizabeth Aubert (Canal +)
2000 : All about E.U. ? / Mein Gott Europa by Nick Fraser and Ben Lewis (BBC and ARTE)
2000 : Have you seen Jesus? * Since December 2020 : promoted Officier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by Minister of Culture Roselyne Bachelot 18 December 2020. References and notes

External links
 Board of COSIP fund at Centre national du cinéma et de l'image animée

 Financial Times Business of Film Summit
 April Snow Films & Capital

1973 births
Living people
French television producers
Women television producers
French film producers
French film directors
French television writers
French women screenwriters
Women television writers
French women film producers
French women film directors
Chief information

masks:
Carole Bienaimé
Carole Bienaimé


texts:
<mask> (born 23 April 1936) is a member of the former Imperial Family of Korea and was a Korean-Japanese noble during Korea under Japanese rule in 1945-1947. He is a great-great-grandson of Heungseon Daewongun and the eldest son of <mask> and Park Chan-ju. The Empire of Japan was defeated during the World War II in 1945; as the result, a new Japanese constitution was revised, in which Japanese nobility status was invalid since 1947, making <mask> lost his nobility titles. He later graduated from Marquette University in the United States. In 2006, based on multiple historical sources including the Journal of the Royal Secretariat, <mask> published a 4-volume compilation about the history of his ancestor, Heungseon Daewongun. Biography
Born on April 23, 1936, 16:38 in the Tokyo residence from Shibuya, Tokyo City of the Empire of Japan, he is the eldest son of Duke <mask> and Duchess Park Chan-ju; he was later named, on April 29 of the same year, "Ri Sei" (リ セイ) in Japanese and "<mask>g" (이청) in Korean. <mask> was the second son of Prince <mask> and the heir to <mask>-yong, and Park Chan-ju was a granddaughter of Marquis Pak Yung-hio, the son-in-law of King Cheoljong of Joseon.In 1942, as a member of noble family, <mask> enrolled in Gakushuin; as of 1944, he returned to Keijō (now Seoul of Korea) and resided in his ancestral home, Unhyeongung. On August 7, 1945, <mask>'s father, <mask>, was killed by

masks:
Yi Cheong
Yi U
Yi Cheong
Yi Cheong
Yi U
Yi Cheon
Yi U
Yi Kang
Yi Jun
Yi Cheong
Yi Cheong
Yi U


texts: the atomic bomb Little Boy during his way to work in Hiroshima; as his heir, <mask>g succeeded his title as Duke <mask>g (李淸公) three days later. After the World War II, a series of nobility titles within Japan were abolished, including kazoku and Korean nobles, <mask> lost his title in 1947 became a commoner ever since; around the same time, the Republic of Korea was founded. A law was legislated regarding the property of the former Imperial family and many of which was confiscated, but after the negotiation by Park Chan-ju, <mask> and his family were allowed to own Unhyeongung, which was returned in 1948, based on the fact that the origin of Unhyeongung was the private residence of Heungseon Daewongun and his family. Under their procession, nevertheless, the scale of current Unhyeongung is much smaller than it used to be, because parts of the land were sold in decades, for various reasons including debt settlement and road expansion. During the tenure of President Syngman Rhee in 1950s, since <mask> and Rhee are both from the Jeonju Yi clan and the latter was childless, Rhee asked to adopt <mask>g after they met, but this proposal was refused by the family of Unhyeongung. In 1954, <mask> went to Kyunggi High School and later, in 1960, he acquired the decree from the Department of Civil Engineering of Marquette University, United States.On December 25, 1966, <mask>'s younger brother, <mask>,

masks:
Yi Cheon
Yi Cheon
Yi Cheong
Yi Cheong
Yi Cheong
Yi Cheon
Yi Cheong
Yi Cheong
Yi Jong


texts: passed away in a traffic accident during his study career in the United States, making <mask>g the only remaining issue of his family. Since his graduation, <mask>g worked as an engineer in H.T. Spoden & Associates in 1960-64 and Boss H. Bryan, a united design office, in 1965-69; both were in Tennessee. He also became a postgraduate in DePaul University for a year in 1970. As of 1974, he became the vice president of Dongwon Engineering Consultant Ltd. and he returned to Korea in 1991. In 1993, due to inability to maintain Unhyeongung, <mask>g and his mother decided to sell the palace to the municipal government of Seoul, and he moved to Bugahyeon-dong in Seodaemun District and later to Pyeongchang-dong. As of 1994, he was hired as a lecturer in Yonsei University as well as a visiting professor in the College of Business Administration of University of Seoul since 1998; he was a former member of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers (KSCE) and Architectural Institute of Korea.In 2007, the Investigative Commission on Pro-Japanese Collaborators' Property (ICJCP), a Korean government institute existed in 2006-10, announced that Prince Imperial Heung and his son, <mask>-yong (both were <mask>'s adoptive ancestors), were both chinilpa, as they were the Korean Imperial representatives and they agreed to sign the Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910. As a response, <mask> appealed a judicial case, asking to undo

masks:
Yi Cheon
Yi Cheon
Yi Cheon
Yi Jun
Yi Cheong
Yi Cheong


texts:
 the decision and claiming that the act was unconstitutional; the court eventually announced that the plaintiff lost the case. After selling Unhyeongung, <mask> still continues to donate relics and lands from his family. In 2007, he gave more than 8,000 artifacts to the Seoul Museum of History; in 2018, the cemetery of Heungseon Daewongun, covered an area of 2,555 square metres, and its surrounding lands of 129,935 square metres were given to Gyeonggi Province; they would cost 5.2 billion South Korean won (approximately $4.33 million) if the land were to be sold. For appreciation, the municipal government gave him a plaque as recognition. Family
Great-great-grandfather: Heungseon Daewongun (1820-1898)
Great-great-grandmother: Grand Internal Princess Consort Sunmok (1818-1898), the eldest daughter of Min Chigu from the Yeoheung Min clan. Great-grandfather (adoptive): <mask>-myeon, Prince Imperial Heung (1845-1912), the heir to Heungseon Daewongun; he became the <mask> Hui (李熹公) in 1910.Great-grandmother (adoptive): Lady Hong of Pungsan (1844-1887), daughter of Hong Byeong-ju and the first wife of <mask>-myeon. Great-grandmother (adoptive): Lady <mask> of Yeoju, later the Princess Imperial Heung (1883-1978); her father was <mask>u and she was the second wife of <mask>-myeon. She became the Duchess Consort of <mask> (李熹公妃李氏) in 1910. Grandfather (adoptive): <mask>-yong (Prince Yeongseon, 1870-1917),

masks:
Yi Cheong
Yi Jae
Duke Yi
Yi Jae
Yi
Yi Ying
Yi Jae
Yi Hui
Yi Jun


texts:
 heir to Duke <mask> and succeeded the title in 1912 as Duke <mask> (李埈公). Grandmother (adoptive): Lady Hong of the Namyang Hong clan (1870-1897), daughter of Hong Jong-seok and the first wife of <mask>-yong. Grandmother (adoptive): Lady Kim of Guangsan (1878-1955), daughter of Kim Jae-jeong and the second wife of <mask>-yong. She became the Duchess Consort of Yi Jun (李埈公妃金氏) in 1912.Great-grandfather (biological): Gojong of Korea (1852-1919), the 26th king of Joseon dynasty and the 1st emperor of the Korean Empire. Great-grandmother (biological): Lady Jang of the Deoksu Jang clan, a lady-in-waiting of Gojong and his unofficial concubine. Grandfather (biological): Prince <mask> (1877-1955), the second son of Gojong. Grandmother (biological): Kim Heung-in, a concubine of <mask>; also known as "Lady Kim of Suindang" (修仁堂金氏, 수인당 김씨). Father: <mask> (1912-1945), by birth the second son of <mask>. He became the heir to Duke <mask> in 1917 and succeeded the title in the same year. Mother: Park Chan-ju (1914-1995), a granddaughter of Marquis Pak Yung-hio and the eldest daughter of Park Il-seo; she married in 1935 and became the Duchess Consort of Yi U (李鍝公妃賛珠).Spouse: Kim Chae-yeong (1949-), married in 1971. Their issue includes at least a son. See also
History of Korea
Rulers of Korea

References

Cheong
1936 births
Living people
Korea under Japanese rule
Korean nobility
Japanese nobility
People from

masks:
Yi Hui
Yi Jun
Yi Jun
Yi Jun
Yi Kang
Yi Kang
Yi U
Yi Kang
Yi Jun


texts:
<mask> is a London-based, Canadian businessman known for his role in bringing both Coca-Cola and Cirque du Soleil to Russia. A University of Western Ontario graduate and Advisory Board member, <mask> is also known for his work in the early 2000s in international development and London community building and for the last decade deeply involved in the nighttime entertainment business in Moscow and recently in London. Early life
<mask> was born at Michael Reese Hospital in the South Side of Chicago, the eldest of two children of <mask> (Born 1938), a philanthropist and <mask> (Born 1937), a former lawyer and Founder of McDonald's in Canada and Russia. His grandparents on both sides emigrated from Ukraine, Russia, Lithuania and Latvia. <mask> moved with his parents and younger brother Mark to Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 1968 when he was five years old. He attended Upper Canada College where he excelled in rugby and also took up the saxophone which he plays to this day. <mask> went on to graduate from the economics and music faculty from The University of Western Ontario where he was heavily involved in student politics, was the Business Editor of the University newspaper, worked at the campus radio station and started a TV station on campus – playing in a band, throughout.<mask> also created the first Annual Western Charity Ball (1984) with Alan Thicke that continues to this day, raising millions of dollars for local London and Canadian charities. <mask> got the travel bug in 1985 and has worked and traveled to 97 countries but calls London home and has lived there since 1999. As well as spending 15 years in Canada, <mask> has also spent 12 in the US, five years in Russia, two years in Sweden, two years in Norway and three months each in India, South Africa, Chile and Venezuela. Post university, <mask> became one of the first Canadian venturers for the UK charity Operation Raleigh and participated in Operation 5C in 1985 to Southern Chile. He helped to build a school in Puerto Montt and completed a road survey on horseback for the extension of the Pan American Highway (which has now

masks:
Craig Cohon
Cohon
Cohon
Susan Silver Cohon
George Cohon
Cohon
Cohon
Cohon
Cohon
Cohon
Cohon


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 been built). Corporate career
He came out of the jungle in May 1986, saw a Coca-Cola sign on a hut and went on to work for the company for 14 years. <mask> quickly grew through the ranks within Coca-Cola USA from 1986–1991.He was given the Miami territory and he started selling Coca-Cola to mom and pop restaurants from a banana-coloured station wagon and after two years had become one of the top salesmen in the country. <mask> was soon promoted to the company's headquarters in Atlanta and went on to train hundreds of Coca-Cola salespeople across the United States. Two months after the opening of the Soviet Union's first McDonald's restaurant in Moscow in early 1991, his future mentor Donald Keough, President and CEO of the Coca-Cola Company worldwide, appointed <mask> as the company's first employee in the Soviet Union. He spent six months living in the communist party hotel Octoberskya 2 in Moscow where he learned to speak fluent Russian, worked at the local Soviet beverage factory, rode trucks, and traveled to every metro station in the city, convincing the leadership of Coca-Cola to invest in Russia. From age 27 to 31 he launched the brand to the Russians and led the construction of Coca-Cola's first factory in the former Soviet Union. <mask> and his friends and family were hosted by President Gorbachev at his 30th birthday party. He was often followed by the KGB and went public on Russian radio with tapes after the collapse of the Soviet Union.Just prior to the first Soviet Coca-Cola plant opening, a rocket-propelled hand grenade was launched at his office early one morning in October 1993, luckily causing little damage. <mask> was eventually promoted to European Division Marketing Director and moved to Oslo, running the marketing for 15 countries in Northern Europe and the former Soviet Union. He then moved to Atlanta for four years where he was responsible for Brand Coca-Cola worldwide, including its activation at the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games. After his extended tenure, he chose to jump off the traditional corporate career path and spend three years as Director of

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 Learning Strategy for the Coca-Cola European Group. <mask> moved to London in 1999 and was promoted to be Deputy Division President of The Northwest Europe Division. <mask> was nominated to the Class of 1999 Global Leaders for Tomorrow at the World Economic Forum. It was in the midst of the anti-globalisation movement and after attending Davos and hearing former American President Clinton speak about the need to evolve capitalism to make it more equitable for all, he decided to leave The Coca-Cola Company and left a substantial amount of stock options on the table to pursue a more purposeful life and career.He went on to work for Klaus Schwab, Founder of the World Economic Forum for six months, deeply engaging in the world of international organisations, understanding the world of Global NGOs and pushing the corporate social responsibility agenda. Perceiving the challenge of making a personal impact on global issues, in 2001 he founded Globalegacy and focused his efforts on making an impact in London's urban communities. After teaching at the London Business School for a summer, he hired 10 students and began to craft a vision for Globalegacy. <mask> focused his efforts on East London and quickly moved into an office container near Bromley-By-Bow. He worked closely with local government authorities the LDA, Bromley-by-Bow Centre and Leaside Regeneration to begin to craft a local development strategy that worked for all prior to the awarding of the 2012 Olympic Games. <mask> then decided to take his expertise back internationally. He teamed up with city development expert Jeb Brugmann and global business guru, CK Prahalad, author of Fortune at The Bottom of the Pyramid to own and lead an international development strategic advisory firm.Together they helped create and support two businesses for people in poverty. One started with BP, now called First Energy, is a provider of clean energy stoves for businesses and kitchens throughout India. The other, RML, was an early stage tech company incubated with Reuters. Honours, Awards and Boards
In 1993, <mask> received an Honorary


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 Doctorate of Economics from Moscow International University. In 2000, the World Economic Forum named him "A Global Leader for Tomorrow." He was awarded the 2003 Young Alumni Award from the University of Western Ontario and now sits on their Global Advisory Board. <mask> is an active supporter of London's soon-to-be-built Garden Bridge project.As well, he gives time to many local charities in London. <mask> was one of the first sponsors of London's Ethical Fashion Forum's RE Fashion in 2008. He is also Chairman of Worn Again since 2007, a technology innovation company in development of a circular textile to textile recycling technology and working closely with H & M.

<mask> decided to combine his international business experience and his love of Russia to delve into another business: entertainment. Partnering with Guy Laliberte, owner of the world's largest live entertainment company, <mask> brought Cirque du Soleil to Russia, acting as Vice Chairman of Cirque du Soleil Russia. Since 2009 he has helped transform the live entertainment business across the country, bringing 11 highly acclaimed international shows to 14 Russian cities which have been seen by 2.3 million people. <mask> spearheaded over US$120 million investment into the sector and has worked with 40 local Russian and International partners. He also led the implementation of Russia's first electronic ticketing system that provides security, best pricing and freedom of choice to millions of Russians.<mask>'s Russian partner is currently finalising plans to build a US$50 million theatre to house future Cirque du Soleil shows in Moscow. Personal life
<mask> lives on a barge called Ocean on the River Thames with his teenage son and daughter. <mask> was divorced in 2010 from Dr. Jeanette Sundberg-<mask> after an 18-year relationship. <mask> is an avid international traveller. He does not own a car and travels throughout London by foot, boat, bike and public transport. References

Canadian businesspeople
Living people
University of Western Ontario alumni
Place of birth missing (living people)
1963 births
Jewish Canadian

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