texts:
 (1974) – US No. 112
 Live (1974) – UK No. 32 / US No. 23
 Old Records Never Die: The Mott the Hoople/<mask> Anthology (August 2008) 2-CD set – Mott on one disk, <mask> solo on the other

Mott the Hoople Billboard singles
"The Golden Age of Rock 'n' Roll" – UK No.16 / US No. 96
"One of the Boys" – US No. 96
"All The Young Dudes" – UK No. 3 / US No. 37

Notes

References

Additional bibliography

Cato, Philip. All The Way to Memphis, The Story of Mott the Hoople, S.T. Publishing, Lockerbie, Scotland: 1997.Frame, Pete. The Complete Rock Family Trees, Omnibus Press Guinness Book of British Hit Singles, 16th ed. Guinness Book of British Hit Albums, 7th ed. <mask>, <mask>. Diary of a Rock 'n' Roll Star, Panther, 1974,
<mask>, <mask>. Horse's Mouth, Issue No. 33, 18 July 2003.<mask>, <mask>. Horse's Mouth, Issue No. 70, Part 1, 19 December 2006. <mask> and the Rant Band, Just Another Night, Live at the Astoria, London, colour, DVD-Video, NTSC, Region 1 (US and Canada only), 4 October 2005, 180 minutes, Bonus Material, Exclusive interview, Band Sound check, Animated Biography, Special Live Guest Appearances. Short, Martin C. (2001). The Great Rock Discography 5th ed. External links
 On The Morton Fraser Harmonica Gang
 BBC Review of <mask> at The Stables, Wavendon 2008
 <mask> in Concert, National Public Radio (US), 22 June 2007
 The Secret Sessions Featuring <mask> & Mick Ronson
 Harris, John.Mott the Hoople: The dudes abide, The Guardian'', 3 September 2009. 1939 births
Living people
Musicians from Shropshire
People from Oswestry
Chrysalis Records artists
Columbia Records artists
English rock singers
English male singers
English songwriters
Mott the Hoople members
Glam rock musicians
People from Hamilton, South Lanarkshire
Yep Roc Records artists
Island Records artists
Proper Records artists
Ringo Starr &

masks:
Ian Hunter
Hunter
Hunter
Ian
Hunter
Ian
Hunter
Ian
Ian Hunter
Ian Hunter
Ian Hunter
Ian Hunter


type: original

texts:
Annika Schmarsel (born 8 July 1993) known by her stage name <mask>,  is an Australian electronic musician and producer. <mask> was the winner of the 2016 Triple J Unearthed Listen Out competition. She has released two studio albums: I'm Dreaming (2018), and Don't Sleep (2020),  which reached No. 77 on the ARIA Albums Chart. Early life
Annika Schmarsel was born in 1993 to West German immigrants who settled in Geelong in 1987. Annika also has a younger brother. At the age of twelve, on a family trip to Germany, Schmarsel's grandmother taught her guitar chords while her uncle taught her how to play "Smoke on the Water" by Deep Purple.During high school a year later, she was a member of a 25-member soul big band and on-going music project, The Sweethearts. In 2014, Schmarsel moved to Melbourne to study for a music industry degree at RMIT University, and was introduced to the music software Ableton. She learnt about influential electronic producers including the late J Dilla. Music career

2015–2018: Early years and I'm Dreaming
On 3 January 2015, Annika Schmarsel under the alias '<mask>', released her debut single "Charlie". On 14 April, she released her next single "Mean Man's Bite" featuring guest vocals from Chloe Beckwith. On 26 June, <mask> released her single "Paint Me Blue" again featuring vocals by Chloe Beckwith. On 13 November, <mask> Fly.On 25 January 2016, <mask> released her single "Touch" featuring guest vocals by Georgia van Etten, a music video was released on 8 February animated by James Thompson and Bill Presser. On 23 June, she released "Almost Here" featuring vocals by RaRa. The two singles quickly became her most popular, having collectively amassed over 3,000,000 streams on Spotify. <mask> then performed a five-date tour to promote the two singles in July. On 2 September, <mask>

masks:
Alice Ivy
Alice Ivy
Alice Ivy
Alice Ivy
Alice Ivydigo
Alice Ivy
Alice Ivy
Alice Ivy


texts: remixed "Float" by Thomston. In March 2017, she released her single "Get Me a Drink" featuring E^ST and Charlie Threads, it became her first track to be added to high rotation on Triple J. The Age placed the track at #8 in their "Best Songs Of 2017".On 21 April, she remixed "Beat the Keeper" by Taj Ralph. On 26 May, <mask> remixed "Kate's Bed" by Huntly. In September, after signing a deal with Australian record label Dew Process she released "Be Friends" featuring guest vocals from Tim de Cotta and Caseaux O.S.L.O. On 22 September, <mask> released a remix of "West" by Lakyn. On 10 November, <mask> remixed the track "Life Goes On" by E^ST. On 12 December, a music video was released for her track "Be Friends". On 12 January 2018, she released the single "Chasing Stars" featuring ARIA award winning singer-songwriter, Bertie Blackman.Both "Be Friends", and "Chasing Stars" were also added to high rotation as well. Later that month, <mask> signed onto Last Gang Records for international releases. In the middle of that year, "Chasing Stars" became the eleventh most played track on Triple J. On 9 February, her debut album I'm Dreaming was released. It contained most her previously released singles including "Charlie". To promote her debut album, <mask> performed an eight-date national headlining tour ranging from 16 February until 29 March and performing in Sydney, Brisbane, Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth, Panama Festival in Tasmania, The Hills are Alive in Victoria, and Bendigo. On 30 March, <mask> covered Estelle's track "American Boy" with E^ST and Miss Blanks for Triple J's Like a Version.On 6 April, <mask> remixed the track "Panopticon" by Cloud Control. On 13 April, <mask> along with other remixers TOKiMONSTA, Maria Marcus, and Maya Jane Coles, all made their own remixes of "Lady Powers" by Vera Blue

masks:
Alice Ivy
Alice Ivy
Alice Ivy
Alice Ivy
Ivy
Alice Ivy
Ivy
Alice Ivy


texts:
 featuring Kodi Shane, released on Lady Powers | Power Ladies Remix EP. On 8 August, she released a remix of "Clothes I Slept In" by Luca Brasi. On 7 September, <mask> remixed the track "Real Love" by Flint Eastwood. 2019–2020: Don't Sleep
On 9 February 2019, rain damaged <mask>'s equipment and she was unable to play at the Tasmanian music festival Party In The Paddock the day after as planned. The rain damaged her laptop, guitar pedals and drum pad. <mask> stated she would play in Tasmania again as soon as she was able to.On 15 February, <mask> released a remix of Amwin's track "DeLorean". On 22 February, <mask> released a new single entitled "Close to You" featuring Flint Eastwood. She also announced a "Close to You" tour starting in May with Miss Blanks, who previously collaborated with <mask> for Triple J's Like a Version. The tour is slated to start in Adelaide, and then go on to Wollongong, Canberra, Sydney, Melbourne, Hobart, Fremantle, Brisbane and the Gold Coast. On 22 March, a remix of "Fooling Around" by Japanese Wallpaper was released. On 30 April, a music video for "Close to You" was released. The video featured <mask>'s dog "Lexie".On 10 July, <mask> released the single "In My Mind" featuring Ecca Vandal alongside an accompanying music video. On 6 November, <mask> released the single "Sunrise" featuring Cadence Weapon alongside an accompanying music video. On 1 April 2020, <mask> released "Don't Sleep" the titular single of her upcoming second studio album Don't Sleep, set to release on 17 July. The single featured Imbi the Girl and Boi. She also released an accompanying music video for the single. On 27 May, <mask> released the fourth single from her then-forthcoming album titled "Better Man" featuring Safia frontman Benjamin Joseph. A music video was released alongside starring

masks:
Alice Ivy
Alice Ivy
Ivy
Alice Ivy
Alice Ivy
Alice Ivy
Ivy
Ivy
Alice Ivy
Alice Ivy
Alice Ivy


texts:
 comedian and radio personality Alex Dyson.Her sophomore studio album was officially released on 18 July. The twelve-track album contained her four previously released singles, and seven other tracks featuring guest vocals. The track "Ticket to Heaven" featured Thelma Plum, "I'll Find It" featured Odette, "Sweetest Love" featured Montaigne and Bertie Blackman, "All Hit Radio" featured Teef and Tessa (vocalist for the band Tessa & the Typecast), "Money" featured DijahSB, "All In For You" featured Ngaiire, and "Gold" also featured Bertie Blackman. Don't Sleep peaked at number 77 on the ARIA charts. 2021–present: New singles
On 28 July 2021, <mask> was featured on "Someone Stranger" by Georgia Maq the singer, songwriter and guitarist for Camp Cope. <mask> begun teasing a new single from 8 October, collaborating with Brisbane-based pop artist Sycco and American bassist Nick Movshon. Their single "Weakness" was released on 22 October with an accompanying music video directed by Dom Gould.The single and music video were recorded separately in Brisbane and Melbourne due to COVID-19 lock-down restrictions. Airlock Studios in Brisbane, and XO Studios in Melbourne. Musical style
<mask> lists her influences as Marvin Gaye, Diana Ross and Etta James. Other influences include The Avalanches, J Dilla, Onra, Anderson Paak, Mark Ronson. Her sound has also been likened to Gramatik, L'Orange and Curtis Mayfield. She says that soul and Motown music inspired her to explore music production, and these influences particularly shine through on her 2020 single "Weakness." Discography

Studio albums

Notes

Singles

As lead artist

As featured artist

Remixes

Notes

Videography

Music videos

Awards and nominations

ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence,

masks:
Alice Ivy
Alice Ivy
Alice Ivy


texts:
 innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music.<mask> has received 2 nominations. |-
|rowspan="2"| 2020
| Don't Sleep
| ARIA Award for Best Dance Release
|
|-
| <mask> for Don't Sleep
| ARIA Award for Engineer of the Year
|
|-

Australian Music Prize
The Australian Music Prize (the AMP) is an annual award of $30,000 given to an Australian band or solo artist in recognition of the merit of an album released during the year of award. They commenced in 2005. |-
| Australian Music Prize 2020
| Don't Sleep
| Album of the Year
|
|}

J Awards
The J Awards are an annual series of Australian music awards that were established by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's youth-focused radio station Triple J. They commenced in 2005.

! |-
! scope="row"| 2020
| Don't Sleep
| Australian Album of the Year
|
|
|}

Music Victoria Awards
The Music Victoria Awards, are an annual awards night celebrating Victorian music.They commenced in 2005.

! |-
|rowspan="5"| 2021
|rowspan="3"| <mask>
| Best Producer
|
|
|-
| Best Solo Artist
|
|rowspan="3"|
|-
| Best Pop Act
|
|-
| Don't Sleep
| Best Victorian Album
|
|-

National Live Music Awards
The National Live Music Awards (NLMAs) are a broad recognition of Australia's diverse live industry, celebrating the success of the Australian live scene. The awards commenced in 2016. |-
| National Live Music Awards of 2018
| <mask>
| Live Electronic Act (or DJ) of the Year
|
|-
| National Live Music Awards of 2020
| <mask>
| Victorian Live Act of the Year
|
|-

References

1993 births
Living people
Australian people of German descent
Australian musicians
Dew Process artists
Australian electronic musicians
People from Geelong
21st-century Australian musicians
Australian record producers
Remixers
Musicians from Victoria (Australia)
Australian women

masks:
Ivy
Alice Ivy
Alice Ivy
Alice Ivy
Alice Ivy


texts:
<mask> (3 June 1579 – June 1628) was a Danish navigator and explorer. He entered into the service of King Christian IV of Denmark and is most noted for his attempts to find the Northwest Passage. Early life
<mask> was born on his father's estate Barbu at Arendal in the county of Aust-Agder, Norway. His father, <mask>, had received several fiefs for his achievements in the Northern Seven Years' War. However, his father had a reputation for his brutal rule over his estates which led to several trials. In 1585, he was deposed and imprisoned at Dragsholm Castle. At the age of eight, <mask> moved to Aalborg with his mother, who became a housekeeper in the home of her husband's sister who was married to the city's mayor.Career
In 1591, at the age of twelve, <mask> went to Oporto in Portugal where he worked for the shipping magnate Duart Duez. The following year he sailed with a Dutch convoy to Bahia. Off the Brazilian coast, the convoy was attacked by French pirates. <mask> was among the seven survivors. <mask> lived in Bahia for six years, where he was in the service of Duart Duez' brother, Miguel. In 1599, under dramatic circumstances, <mask> returned to Europe and Copenhagen, where the Danish magnate and Lord Chancellor Henrik Ramel hired him as a ship clerk. In 1609, he set sail with his partner <mask> Hvid for the ice-filled Barents Sea.After two unsuccessful attempts to find the Northeast Passage in 1609 and 1610, he caught the attention of King Christian IV of Denmark. In 1612, during the Kalmar War (1611–1613), <mask> together with the nobleman Jørgen Daa led a successful attack on the Swedish Älvsborg Fortress, near today's Gothenburg. In 1614, he led a search for the privateer Jan Mendoses, whom he fought in a battle

masks:
Jens Munk
Jens Munk
Erik Munk
Munk
Munk
Munk
Munk
Munk
Jens
Munk


texts: at Kanin Nos near the entrance of the White Sea. In the spring of 1617, he recruited eighteen Basque whalemen for the first Danish whaling expedition to Spitsbergen. In 1618, Christian IV appointed him as commander of the first Danish expedition to East India with five vessels and almost 1,000 men, but only one month before the departure of the expedition, <mask> was relegated and replaced by the much younger nobleman Ove Gjedde. The reason for the relegation is unclear, but was most likely caused by a conflict <mask> had with the Lord Chancellor, Christian Friis. <mask>'s setback was compounded by the deaths of his brother Niels and good friend Jørgen Då.A few months earlier, <mask> had also lost a vast amount of money as a result of an unsuccessful whaling expedition, which caused loss of social prestige. As an attempt to regain his social position, he started the planning of a much more spectacular expedition in 1619, the search for the Northwest Passage. On 9 May 1619, under the auspices of Christian IV, <mask> set out with 65 men and two of His Royal Majesty's ships, the frigate Enhiörningen (Unicorn) and the sloop Lamprenen (Lamprey). Both were outfitted under his own supervision. His mission was to discover the Northwest Passage to the East Indies and China. His crew included Rasmus <mask>, a priest who is now recognized to be the first Lutheran cleric in Canada. Munk penetrated Davis Strait as far north as 69°, found Frobisher Bay, and then spent almost a month fighting his way through Hudson Strait.In September 1619, he found the entrance to Hudson Bay and became the second European after Thomas Button to explore the western parts of the bay. The expedition spent the winter near the mouth of what is now known as

masks: Munk Munk Munk Munk Munk Jensen


texts:
 the Churchill River, a place Munk named Nova Dania. Hypothermia, famine, and scurvy destroyed so many of his men that only two persons besides himself survived. With these men, he sailed for home with Lamprey on 16 July 1620, reaching Bergen, Norway, on 20 September 1620. Later, a party of Indians returned to the shore of Hudson Bay where the expedition had camped. They found a number of unburied bodies of strange appearance and Munk's abandoned stores. Not knowing what gunpowder was, they set it alight and many of them were killed.<mask> had planned on a new Northwest journey to take possession of Nova Dania for the Danish crown, but his health was too weak to go on with it. In the subsequent years, <mask> served as sea captain in the royal fleet. During the Thirty Years War, <mask> led a blockade on the River Weser in 1626 and 1627. <mask> took part in the attacks on Wallenstein's troops at Fehmarn and in the Kieler Förde in March and April 1628. Death
<mask> died in June 1628, probably as a result of being wounded in the battles in the Kieler Förde a couple of months earlier. According to the French scientist Isaac La Peyrère, who served as a legate at the French embassy in Copenhagen, <mask> died as a result of a dispute with Christian IV, in which the king attacked <mask> with his stick and thus caused his death. <mask> was buried at St. Nikolai Lutheran Church, Copenhagen, now Nikolaj cultural centre.Legacy
An account of <mask>'s voyage to Hudson Bay in 1619–1620 was published by him in Copenhagen in 1624 as Navigatio Septentrionalis. In 1647, Isaac La Peyrère included in his Relation du Groenland an abstract in French of <mask>'s account and a new map, both marred by many inaccuracies that would be perpetuated by

masks: Munk Munk Munk Munk Munk Munk Munk Munk Munk Munk


texts:
 following writers and mapmakers. New editions by Awnsham and John Churchill (1704 [1650]), An account of a most dangerous voyage perform'd by the famous Captain John Monck, in the years 1619, and 1620; Peter Lauridsen (Copenhagen, 1883), Efterretning af Navigationen og Reisen til det Nye Danmark af Styrmand Jens Munk; and by C. C. A. Gosch, Danish Arctic Expeditions 1605 to 1620, volume ii. Hakluyt Society, No. xcvii (London, 1897). In 1964, a small scale archaeological excavation at Munk's site on the Churchill River by two Danes, Thorkild Hansen and Peter Seeborg, found a few remains of The Unicorn in the tidal flats. They are now in the National Museum of Denmark.Hansen also wrote the popular book The Way to Hudson Bay: The Life and Times of <mask> <mask> (1969), adapted into a movie in 2015. <mask> <mask> Island, located off the coast of Baffin Island, is named after him as is Munk Harbour at the mouth of Churchill River in Hudson Bay. The Jens Munk rose (Hybrid Rugosa Rose Jens Munk) was developed by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada and was named in his honour. References

Footnotes

Bibliography
 C. C. A. Gosch (ed. ): Danish Arctic Expeditions, 1605 to 1620: Volume 2, The Expedition of Captain <mask> <mask>, Cambridge University Press (2010)
 Walter Andrew Kenyon: The journal of Jens Munk, 1619–1620, Royal Ontario Museum (1980). Translation. Birket-Smith, K.: Jens <mask>'s rejse og andre danske ishavsfarter under Christian IV (Copenhagen.1929)
 Knudsen, Johannes: Den danske Ishavsfarer <mask> <mask> (Copenhagen. 1902)

External links

17th-century Danish people
17th-century explorers
1579 births
1628 deaths
Danish polar explorers
Danish sailors
Exploration of the Arctic
Norwegian Lutherans
People from

masks: Jens Munk Jens Munk Jens Munk Munk Jens Munk


texts:
<mask> (1 January 1868 – 28 March 1945) was a German writer, politician (SPD) and political lecturer. During 1919/20 he was a member of the Weimar National Assembly, mandated to draw up a post-imperial national constitutions, and precursor to the parliament of a newly republican Germany. Life and works
<mask> was born into a middle-class family and grew up in Gießen, where he attended school. <mask> (1835–1889), his father, was a timber merchant. His mother, born Sophie Loeb (1835–1918), had also grown up in Gießen. He was born into a Jewish family, but is described in sources as a [religious] dissident, having left the Jewish community (unlike his elder sister, Henriette Fürth) during the 1890s. Between 1885 and 1890 he studied History, Philosophy, Jurisprudence and Public law ("Staatswissenschaft") at the universities of Giessen and Leipzig.As a student he became a member of the Burschenschaft Arminia Gießen (student fraternity) during (or before) 1890. He then embarked on a legal traineeship, training with a law firm in Gießen. That, under most circumstances, would have led to a career as a lawyer. In 1892, however, after two and a half years, and before he had had the opportunity to sit for the national law exams, he was "released from his training contract on political grounds". After that he made his way as a writer, contributing articles on Social Politics and Politics to appropriate left-of-centre weekly and monthly magazines and journals, notably in Leipzig, Mainz and Berlin. He was also, for a period, involved in worker's support activity as a labour secretary in Mannheim. In 1896 he was sentenced to an eight-year jail sentence for beach of the press law.By 1903 he was evidently at liberty, however, and relaunching himself in Berlin. As well as pursuing his journalistic work he was involved in teaching in the context

masks:
Simon Katzenstein
Simon Katzenstein
Siegmund Katzenstein


texts:
 of the workers' education movement and at trades union and party colleges. He had joined the SPD in 1889, just a year before the retirement of Chancellor Bismarck and the ending, in 1890, of the government ban on the party. <mask>'s editorship of the "Der Abstinente Arbeiter" dated back to 1902 or 1903. This was the journal of the Deutscher Arbeiter-Abstinenten-Bund (DAAB) which opposed alcohol abuse principally, <mask> and his political allies contended, because alcoholic intoxication among the working classes undermined and deferred victory in the wider class struggle which preoccupied socialist activists at this time. <mask> held a succession of leading positions within the DAAB. In 1917 <mask> took a paid position as an economist with the Zentralverband deutscher Konsumvereine (loosely, "National Association of the German Consumer Cooperatives").Throughout the 1920s and 1930s he continued to find time for his political writing, however. On January 30, 1933, the Hitler government took power and lost no time in transforming Germany into a one- party dictatorship. It quickly emerged that Antisocialism and Antisemitism, hitherto food for toxic populist street politics, were becoming core underpinnings of government strategy. <mask> relocated to the Saarland which remained under French military and political control (backed up by a League of Nations mandate) till 1935. In 1935, following a regional referendum result endorsed by the League of Nations, the Saarland reverted to German control, and <mask> was again obliged to flee for his life, this time to Sweden. He was still living in Sweden and still actively involved in German socialist politics when the German authorities formally removed his German citizenship in 1940. Party politics
A member of the resurgent (but still, in the eyes of the political establishment, far from

masks: Katzenstein Katzenstein Katzenstein Katzenstein Katzenstein Katzenstein


texts: mainstream) Social Democratic Party since 1889, <mask> teamed up with Eduard David in 1893 to found the Halle-based "Mitteldeutsche Sonntagszeitung" (Central German Sunday newspaper).The two men had been friends since their student days. Their objective was to win the political support of rural voters in general and "peasant farmers" in particular for socialism. In 1906 <mask> was a founding member of the Party Academy founded in Berlin. It was the first time any political party had set up a training institute for party officials, and the eight lecturers found their work closely monitored by the Prussian police. Although the academy was closed in 1914, the idea was later taken up by other parties of the political left, notably in Germany and the Soviet Union. Between 1915 and 1919 <mask> served as a city councillor for Berlin-Charlottenburg. He was re-elected to the council in 1919 but declined to take up his seat on the council which, in the context of the unfolding "November revolution", would have been operating in uncertain partnership with the Workers' and Soldiers' Soviet of Greater Berlin between November 1918 and the progressive implosion of the Workers' Soviet during the summer of 1919.<mask> did, however, successfully stand for election to the unicameral Weimar National Assembly in January 1919. During the course of the heated dispute over the potentially "dictatorial powers" to be accorded to the German President under the new post-imperial German constitution which the assembly was tasked with preparing, <mask> intervened to propose improvements to what became Article 48, setting out the circumstances under which a president might invoke "emergency powers". He proposed that emergency powers might be invoked only "for the restoration of public security" and not simply in the event of "disturbances and disruption" of

masks:
Simon Katzenstein
Katzenstein
Katzenstein
Katzenstein
Katzenstein


texts: public order. <mask>'s proposal was supported by Oskar Cohn of the anti-war Independent Social Democratic Party, who insisted that military officers acting on a president's orders under the circumstances envisaged should not (as hitherto) be left to carry out their orders completely without regard for the law. However, the majority of the assembly did not accept <mask>'s proposal. During the 1920s and 1930s excessive use and/or misuse of Article 48 would do much to discredit the constitutional arrangements of the so-called Weimar Republic in the eyes of the legally sentient. <mask> was also a member of the assembly sub-committee which produced the so-called "Weimar schools compromise" which subsequently attracted criticism from the many vocal advocates of education reform for the way in which, by default, it tended to preserve the status quo of the old imperial education system.However, the January 1919 election had been completely boycotted by the newly launched Communist Party and partially boycotted by the breakaway Independent Social Democratic Party, meaning that on many matters of domestic policy, including education, progressive voices were in the minority both in the National assembly and in its sub-committees. The SPD was the largest single party in the assembly, but its share of the seats fell far short of an overall majority. The "Weimar schools compromise" accordingly followed, for the most part, the instincts and preferences of then Catholic Centre Party and other smaller parties and groupings of the political centre and centre-right. After going into exile in 1933 <mask> involved himself with Sopade, the exiled leadership of the outlawed (in Germany) Social Democratic Party which was concentrated initially in Prague and Paris nut had outposts in a number of other European capitals which became more important for

masks: Katzenstein Katzenstein Katzenstein Katzenstein


texts:
 the party leadership after 1938 and 1940. Personal
<mask>'s eldest sister was the SPD and women's rights activist Henriette Fürth. Output (selection)
 "Kritische Bemerkungen zu Bebels Buch: 'Die Frau und der Sozialismus'“, in: Die Neue Zeit. XV.1886–1897. Ist vol., 1896, Nr. 10, pp. 293–302. accessible inline
 "Freiheit und Ordnung. Ein Versuch zur Abgrenzung der Rechte des Individuums und der Gesellschaft", in: Sozialistische Monatshefte. 1 = 3 (1897), vol.3, pp. 157–165. accessible online
 "Die organisatorischen Aufgaben der deutschen Arbeiterklasse und die Arbeitersekretariate", in: Sozialistische Monatshefte,  1899, pp 558–566. Heimarbeit und Genossenschaftswesen. Vortrag, anläßlich der Heimarbeit-Ausstellung zu Berlin 1906 gehalten von <mask>. Genossenschafts-Pionier, Berlin 1906. (=Genossenschaftliche Agitations-Bibliothek 1)
 Moderne Jugendbewegung und Alkoholfrage.Deutscher Arbeiter-Abstinenten-Bund, Berlin 1907. (=Deutscher Arbeiter-Abstinenten-Bund. No 14)
 Der Anarchismus und die Arbeiterbewegung. Verlag der Buchhandlung Vorwärts, Berlin 1908. Wofür kämpfen wir? Deutscher Arbeiter-Abstinenten-Bund, Berlin c. 1911. Sieg der Abstinenz – Untergang der Getränkearbeiter?Deutscher Arbeiter-Abstinenten-Bund, Berlin 1928. (jointly with Kurt Baurichter)
 Die Aufgaben der Gemeinde im Kampf gegen den Alkoholismus, J. H. W. Dietz, Berlin 1930. Henriette Fürth. Versuch einer Würdigung. Zu ihrem 70. Geburtstag gewidmet von ihrem Bruder, Berlin 1931. References

German resistance members
Members of the Weimar National Assembly
Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians
German magazine editors
German opinion journalists
19th-century German journalists
20th-century German journalists
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to Sweden
People from Giessen
People from Berlin
1868 births
1945 deaths
People who lost German

masks:
Simon Katzenstein
Simon Katzenstein


texts:
<mask> (, also spelled <mask>; 25 April 1935 – 18 March 2018) was a Chinese-born Taiwanese writer, social commentator, historian and independent politician. <mask> has been called one of the most important modern East Asian essayists today; his critics have called him as an intellectual narcissist. He was a vocal critic of both the main political parties in Taiwan today, the Kuomintang and the Democratic Progressive Party. Although he favored reunification with the People's Republic of China (PRC), especially under the "One country, two systems" policy, <mask> rejected being labeled "Pan-Blue" because of his opposition to the Kuomintang. He was an advocate of Chinese nationalism and was given much media exposure in Taiwan due to his popularity as a writer. Background
<mask> was born in Harbin, Manchukuo to <mask> (李鼎彝), a professor of Chinese, and Zhang Kuichen (). His family had ancestry in Wei County (modern-day Weifang), Shandong Province, and Fuyu County, Jilin Province.When <mask> was two years old, the family moved to Beijing, where <mask>'s father worked in the government's opium suppression bureau. There, <mask>'s father was accused of being a traitor to the Kuomintang by his superiors. Although his father was cleared of the accusations, <mask> began feeling enmity towards the party. The entire <mask> family, except for two children, moved to Taiwan at the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949. <mask> received his bachelor's degree from National Taiwan University's Department of History in 1959. Dissident writer
<mask> was credited for his contributions to the democratic movement in Taiwan between the 1960s and 1980s. In the 1960s, he was the editor-in-chief of Wenxing (文星), a magazine that promoted democracy and personal freedom.He was jailed by the Kuomintang government from 1971 to 1976, and again from 1981 to 1982, for helping a pro-Taiwan independence legal scholar, Peng Ming-min, escape to Japan in 1970; even though <mask> himself had a long history of being an advocate of reunification. Throughout the 1970s, <mask>

masks:
Li Ao
Lee Ao
Li
Li
Li
Li Dingyi
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li


texts:
 received much international attention for his imprisonment. He was highlighted by Amnesty International as one of the three most important political prisoners in Taiwan in 1974. After his release, <mask> continued to publish articles in magazines and newspapers, criticizing the Kuomintang government. Ninety-six of his books were banned in Taiwan until 1991. In the 1980s he also sponsored numerous anti-Kuomintang magazines. His novel Mountaintop Love (), about a mother and a daughter who fall in love with the same man, though several years apart, established <mask>'s status as a prominent novelist.His novel Martyrs' Shrine: The Story of the Reform Movement of 1898 in China (北京法源寺), is about the beginning and the failure of the Hundred Days' Reform. <mask> also published his autobiography in 2001, revealing more than ten of his romantic affairs. The bulk of his work, however, is non-fiction and consists mainly of essays and historical commentaries. Entry into politics
<mask> strongly supported the idea of "One country, two systems" proposed by Deng Xiaoping. He believed that the unification of China was inevitable and at one point advocated immediate surrender of Taiwan to the PRC. He thought that an immediate reunification was more beneficial for Taiwan. This, combined with his past as a political dissident and his witty writing style, had made him a popular figure among the supporters of Chinese reunification.It also made him an unpopular figure among the supporters of Taiwan independence. <mask> participated in the presidential election in 2000 as a candidate for the New Party. <mask> usually played the role of a political gadfly, and his campaign was largely symbolic. He took the election as an opportunity to "educate" the people of Taiwan. Both <mask> and his party publicly encouraged people to vote for James Soong. During the presidential debates, <mask> even stated that he was not planning to vote for himself and that people should vote for Soong. Since the 2000 presidential election, <mask> had bitterly spoken out against

masks: Li Li Li Li Li Li Li Li Li


texts: pro-independence Nobel laureate Yuan T. Lee, who publicly supported Chen Shui-bian.He also accused former President Lee Teng-hui of corruption. In October 2004, <mask> ran in the December 11 legislative election as a non-partisan candidate of the South Taipei constituency, and was subsequently elected to be the last winning place. He took office as an independent legislator on 1 February 2005. In February 2005, <mask> held a press conference, accusing the PFP leader, James Soong of having changed his opposition towards military weapons purchase from the United States under the influence of people of pro-American inclination, people with CIA backgrounds and arms traders who would receive kick-backs. <mask> threatened Soong that he would reveal the names of the people with CIA backgrounds, who were influencing Soong, to the general public unless Soong reverted to his previous opposition position. PFP legislators dismissed the accusation and responded that <mask> should reveal his evidence to support his story. Later that year, in June, <mask> claimed to the Taiwanese press that he had exclusive information from the CIA concerning the 3-19 shooting incident.He alleged that the real motive of the killer was to assassinate the Vice-President Annette Lu in order to garner sympathy votes for Chen Shui-bian, and that the killer had been condoned by the governing party for ulterior political reasons. After flashing several allegedly CIA-endorsed documents to reporters, he mailed them to Annette Lu, claiming that she needed to know the truth about the assassination attempt to the full extent. On 19 September 2005, <mask> returned to Mainland China for the first time in 56 years. He was invited to give speeches at Peking University, Tsinghua University and Fudan University where he was warmly received, and the trip was claimed to have had significant impact on observers of Cross-Strait relations. His speech at Peking University was particularly noteworthy as <mask> publicly urged the Chinese Communist Party to protect the freedom of speech

masks:
Li
Li
Li
Li Ao
Li
Li
Li


texts:
 as laid down in the constitution of the PRC. He also praised the achievement of the CCP in bringing economic progress and prosperity; at one point he even alluded to the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and took it as an example to sustain his point that freedom should be obtained through "cleverer" means, rather than mass revolutions that could result in numerous deaths. <mask> was a candidate for the 2006 Taipei Mayoral election, and a candidate for the 2012 Legislative Yuan elections, campaigning in Taipei City District 8 under the People First Party (PFP) banner.<mask> also satirized Mao Zedong's Little Red Book in his article. On 24 October 2006, <mask> sprayed tear gas and wielded a stun gun during a Legislative Yuan National Defense Committee meeting, forcing several members of the parliament to flee. He was attempting to stop debate on purchasing attack submarines and Patriot anti-aircraft missiles for $16 billion from the U.S. He was also wearing the Guy Fawkes mask from V for Vendetta. Personal life
On 6 May 1980, <mask> married Taiwanese writer, translator and film actress Terry Hu. Their love story even featured in Time. But the couple divorced on 28 August 1980, after 115 days in total.On 8 March 1992, <mask> married his second wife, Wang Zhihui (王志慧). They had one son and one daughter together. Their son, <mask> (李戡), is a PhD student in Chinese Studies of Cambridge and an alumnus of Peking University. <mask> also had an elder daughter, Hedy W. Lee, from a previous relationship. <mask> died of a brain tumor at Taipei Veterans General Hospital on 18 March 2018. Notes

References

External links
<mask>'s Verified Weibo, at Sina.com

1935 births
2018 deaths
National Taiwan University alumni
Members of the 6th Legislative Yuan
Taiwanese billionaires
Taiwanese male novelists
Taiwanese historians
Politicians from Harbin
Republic of China politicians from Heilongjiang
New Party (Taiwan) presidential nominees
Chinese Civil War refugees
Taiwanese people from Heilongjiang
Taipei Members of the Legislative

masks:
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li Kan
Li
Li
Li Ao


texts:
<mask> (born September 24, 1951) is an American publishing executive and businessman, who was the CEO of American Media until August 2020. He was the publisher of Men's Fitness, Muscle and Fitness, Flex, Fit Pregnancy, Shape and Star. He was also the publisher of National Enquirer, Sun, Weekly World News, and Globe. In 2018, Pecker became embroiled in controversy regarding his involvement in a catch and kill operation to buy exclusive rights to stories that might embarrass his friend Donald Trump, to prevent the stories from becoming public during the 2016 presidential campaign. Early life
<mask> was born on September 24, 1951, in The Bronx, New York City. He is of Jewish decent. His father was a bricklayer who died in 1967 when Pecker was 16.To support his mother, he started bookkeeping for local businesses in New Rochelle, New York and in the Bronx. He graduated from Pace University. Career
After college, <mask> began his career as an accountant at Price Waterhouse and in 1979 joined the accounting department at CBS's magazine division, rising to vice president and comptroller. Eight years later, CBS sold its magazine division in a leveraged buyout to its manager, Peter Diamandis; <mask> stayed on in his position . Diamandis later sold the magazines to Hachette Filipacchi Médias. After Diamandis's departure three years later, <mask> was appointed CEO at Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S. In 1999, <mask> left Hachette when he raised capital from Thomas H. Lee Partners and Evercore Partners to buy American Media, Inc. (AMI), publisher of the Star, the Globe, the National Enquirer, and the Weekly World News.During his time as chairman and chief executive officer of AMI Pecker served as publisher of the magazines Men's Fitness, Muscle and Fitness, Flex, Fit Pregnancy, Shape and Star, as well as the supermarket tabloids National Enquirer, Star, Sun, Weekly World News, Globe. Sun and Weekly World News have ceased publication. In 2019, Pecker announced that he had agreed drop more of AMI's tabloids and sell the National Enquirer, Globe and National Examiner to Hudson News. Pecker serves on the

masks:
David Jay Pecker
Pecker
Pecker
Pecker
Pecker
Pecker


texts:
 board of directors of iPayment Holdings, Inc., Sunbeam Products, Inc. and Next Generation Network, Inc. In August 2018, after his interactions with President Donald Trump were heavily reported, Pecker resigned as a director of Postmedia Network Canada Corp., a leading Canadian media company, a position he had held since October 2016. In 2016, Pecker revealed to the Toronto Star that American Media Inc. now relied on support from Chatham Asset Management and its owner Anthony Melchiorre due to financial troubles. By the time Pecker agreed to sell the National Enquirer on April 10, 2019, Chatham Asset Management owned 80 percent of American Media Inc's stock.Melchiorre, who expressed dismay towards the National Enquirer's scandals involving assistance to Trump's 2016 Presidential campaign and blackmail of Jeff Bezos, was also instrumental in forcing Pecker and American Media Inc. to sell the National Enquirer as well. AMI removed <mask> as CEO in August 2020, keeping him on in the role of executive advisor. Simultaneously, the company was renamed a360Media in anticipation of a merger with another Chatham property, the logistics firm Accelerate 360. Involvement with Donald Trump

Beginning in March 1998, Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S., of which <mask> was then CEO, began producing Trump Style, which was distributed to guests at Donald Trump's properties. Pecker has described himself as a close friend of Trump. Pecker supported Trump's initial run for president as part of the Reform Party in 2000. In an August 2014 meeting at Trump Tower, Pecker offered to Trump that he would use the National Enquirer to catch and kill any allegations of sexual affairs against him.Trump's lawyer Michael Cohen requested that <mask>'s AMI buy the rights to Stormy Daniels's story, though Pecker refused to do so. By 2018, <mask> and AMI found themselves under investigation for using catch and kill payments, in which AMI purchased the exclusive rights to stories that might have been damaging to Trump's 2016 campaign for President and then refused to publish them. Such a tactic may have represented illegal

masks: Pecker Pecker Pecker Pecker


texts: and/or undeclared "in-kind" campaign donations under Federal Election Commission rules. In March 2018, Karen McDougal filed a lawsuit against American Media in Los Angeles Superior Court, aiming to invalidate the non-disclosure agreement preventing her from speaking about an alleged affair with Trump. Pecker had directed AMI to purchase the exclusive rights to the story for $150,000 in 2016, allegedly to keep it from the public. In April 2018 the lawsuit was settled and McDougal was released from the agreement. AMI also agreed to feature her on the cover of another AMI magazine, Men's Journal, in September 2018.In April 2018, FBI agents searched the office and residences of Michael Cohen, in part to search for evidence of Trump's involvement in the payment to McDougal. In July 2018, a tape became public which confirmed this payment; the tape was secretly recorded by Cohen during a conversation with then candidate Trump in 2016. In late 2015, AMI paid $30,000 to Dino Sajudin, a doorman at Trump Tower, to obtain the rights to his story in which he alleged Trump had an affair in the 1980s that resulted in the birth of a child. Sajudin in April 2018 identified the woman as Trump's former housekeeper. AMI reporters were given the names of the woman and the alleged child, while Sajudin passed a lie detector test when testifying that he had heard the story from others. Shortly after the payment was made, Pecker ordered the reporters to drop the story. In April 2018, AMI chief content officer Dylan Howard denied the story was "spiked" in a catch and kill operation, insisting that AMI did not run the story because Sajudin's story lacked credibility.CNN obtained a copy of the contract between AMI and Sajudin in August 2018, after AMI had released Sajudin from the contract. CNN published excerpts of the contract, which instructed Sajudin to provide "information regarding Donald Trump's illegitimate child", but did not contain further specifics of Sajudin's story. Federal investigators subpoenaed <mask> and AMI in April 2018, with <mask> providing prosecutors details about the hush payments

masks: Pecker Pecker


texts:
 Cohen had arranged. In August 2018, <mask> was also granted witness immunity in exchange for his testimony of Trump's knowledge of the payments. On February 27, 2019, Cohen testified under oath to the House Oversight Committee that he and Pecker conspired to "catch-and-kill" stories which had the potential to damage Trump. Accusations of extortion by Jeff Bezos and Ronan Farrow
In January 2019, Pecker's National Enquirer published what it called "sleazy text messages and gushing love notes" between Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos and a romantic partner. Bezos began investigating how his personal communications reached the paper.The next month, Bezos accused the National Enquirer of extortion and blackmail by threatening to release Bezos' intimate pictures, criminal accusations Pecker denied through an attorney. Bezos wrote that AMI proposed in writing that Bezos state publicly that he and his security consultant "have no knowledge or basis for suggesting that AMI's coverage was politically motivated or influenced by political forces." In return, AMI would withhold publication of the pictures. Both AMI and the Manhattan prosecutor launched reviews of the accusations. Any violation of law by AMI would constitute a breach of the immunity agreement the company reached with prosecutors in 2018 after the paper agreed to "catch and kill" a story on behalf of then-candidate Donald Trump. Ronan Farrow, a journalist, said he and another journalist received similar demands from AMI. Personal life
In 1987, <mask> married Karen Balan.See also
2017–18 United States political sexual scandals
Legal affairs of Donald Trump
Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal
Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections
Timeline of investigations into Donald Trump and Russia (January–June 2018)
Timeline of investigations into Donald Trump and Russia (July–December 2018)
Timeline of investigations into Donald Trump and Russia (2019)

References

1951 births
Living people
American publishing chief executives
Businesspeople from New York City
Pace University alumni
People from the Bronx
National Enquirer


texts:
<mask> (April 1457 – 18 April 1504) was an Italian painter working in Florence, Italy during the later years of the Early Renaissance and first few years of the High Renaissance. Biography
<mask> was born in Prato, Tuscany,  the illegitimate son of the painter <mask> and Lucrezia Buti. Filippino first trained under his father. They moved to Spoleto, where <mask> served as workshop adjuvant in the construction of the Cathedral. When his father died in 1469, he completed the frescoes with Storie della Vergine (Histories of the Virgin) in the cathedral. <mask> completed his apprenticeship in the workshop of Botticelli, who had been a pupil of <mask>'s father. In 1472 the records of the painters' guild record that Botticelli had only <mask> as an assistant.His first works greatly resemble those of Botticelli, but with less sensitivity and subtlety. The very first ones (dating from 1475 onwards) were initially attributed to an anonymous "Amico di Sandro" ("Friend of Botticelli"). Eventually Lippi's style evolved into a more personal and effective one over the years 1480–1485. Works of the early period include: the Madonnas of Berlin, London and Washington, the Journeys of Tobia of the Galleria Sabauda, Turin, the Madonna of the Sea of Galleria dell'Accademia, Florence, and the Histories of Ester. Together with Perugino, Ghirlandaio and Botticelli, <mask> worked on the frescoed decoration of Lorenzo de' Medici's villa at Spedaletto. On 31 December, 1482, he was commissioned to decorate a wall of the Sala dell'Udienza of Palazzo Vecchio in Florence, a work never begun. Soon after, probably in 1483–84, he was called to complete Masaccio's decoration of the Brancacci Chapel in the church of the Carmine, that had been left unfinished at the artist's death in 1428.Here he painted Stories of Saint Peter, in the following frescoes: Quarrel with Simon Magus in

masks:
Filippino Lippi
Filippino Lippi
Fra Filippo Lippi
Filippino
Filippino Lippi
Filippino
Filippino Lippi
Lippi


texts: face of Nero, Resurrection of the Son of Teophilus, Saint Peter Jailed, Liberation and Crucifixion of Saint Peter. <mask>'s work on the Sala degli Otto di Pratica, in the Palazzo Vecchio, was completed on 20 February, 1486. It is now in the Uffizi Gallery. At about this time, Piero di Francesco del Pugliese asked him to paint the altarpiece with the Apparition of the Virgin to St. Bernard, which is now in the Badia Fiorentina, Florence. This is <mask>'s most popular picture: a composition of unreal items, with its very particular elongated figures, backed by a phantasmagorical scenario of rocks and almost anthropomorphic trunks. The work is dated to 1485–1487. Later, he worked for Tanai de' Nerli in Florence's Santo Spirito church.On 21 April, 1487, Filippo Strozzi asked him to decorate the Strozzi family chapel in Santa Maria Novella with Stories of St. John Evangelist and St. Philip. He worked on this commission intermittently, over a long time. He only completed it in 1503, after Strozzi's death. The windows with musical themes, in the same chapel, also designed by <mask>, were completed between June and July 1503. These paintings can be seen as a mirror of the political and religious crisis in Florence  at the time: the theme of the fresco, the clash between Christianity and Paganism, was hotly debated in the Florence  of Girolamo Savonarola. <mask> depicted his characters in a landscape which recreated the ancient world in its finest details, showing the influence of the Grottesco style he had seen on his time in Rome. In this way he created an "animated", mysterious, fantastic but disquieting style, showing the unreality of nightmare.Thus, Filippino portrayed ruthless executioners with the grimmest of faces, who raged against the Saints. In the scene of St. Philip expelling a monster from the temple, the statue of the pagan god is represented

masks: Lippi Lippi Filippino Filippino


texts:
 as a living figure which seems to dare the Christian saint. In 1488, <mask> went to Rome, where Lorenzo de' Medici had advised Cardinal Oliviero Carafa to entrust him with the decoration of the family chapel in Santa Maria sopra Minerva. These frescoes show a new kind of inspiration, quite different from his earlier works, but confirm Lippi's continued research on the themes of the Ancient era. He finished the cycle by 1493. <mask>'s return to Florence took place—the date is disputed—at some time between 1491 and 1494. Works of this period include: Apparition of Christ to the Virgin (c. 1493, now in Munich), Adoration of the Magi (1496, for the church of San Donato in Scopeto, now in the Uffizi), Sacrifice of Laocoön (end of the century, for the villa of Lorenzo de' Medici at Poggio a Caiano), St. John Baptist and Maddalena (Valori Chapel in San Procolo, Florence, inspired to some way extent by Luca Signorelli's art).He also worked outside the area of his home city, on the Certosa, or Chapterhouse, in Pavia and in Prato, where in 1503 he completed the Tabernacle of the Christmas Song, now in the City Museum; in 1501 Lippi painted the Mystic Wedding of St. Catherine for the Basilica of San Domenico in Bologna. Lippi's final work was the  Deposition for the Santissima Annunziata church, Florence, which at his death in April 1504 was unfinished. Because of Lippi's fame and reputation, on the day of his burial all the workshops of the city closed for him. Noted art critic Paul George Konody wrote of Lippi that "some of his qualities show him to be the most subtle psychologist of his time, the most modern in spirit of all the artists of the Renaissance". Major works
 The Coronation of the Virgin (c. 1480)—Tempera on panel, 90.2 × 223 cm, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
 Madonna with Child, St Anthony of Padua and a Friar (before 1480)—Tempera

masks: Lippi Lippi


texts:
 on wood, 57 × 41.5 cm, Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest
 Tobias and the Angel (c. 1480)—Tempera on panel, 33 × 23 cm, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. the Madonna, Child and St. John—tondo, Keglevich collection, Budapest,
 Cenacolo di S. Apollonia—Florence
 the Virgin giving her girdle to St. Thomas—Florence
 St. Anthony Abbot—Florence

Gallery

See also
 Brancacci Chapel
 Carafa Chapel
 Strozzi Chapel

Notes

References
 The Development of the Italian Schools of Painting, Volume 12, p. 371ff., Raimond van Marle, Hacker Art Books, New York 1970.Further reading
 Paul George Konody, <mask> <mask> (George Newnes, Ltd., 1905). Historical novels
 Linda Proud, A Tabernacle for the Sun (Godstow Press, 2005), a literary novel set in Florence during the Pazzi Conspiracy, adheres closely to known facts. <mask> features as the closest friend of the narrator, Tommaso dei Maffei, here and in the following two novels of The Botticelli Trilogy. Linda Proud, Pallas and the Centaur (Godstow Press, 2004), deals with the aftermath of the Pazzi Conspiracy and Lorenzo de' Medici's strained relations with his wife and with Poliziano. Linda Proud, The Rebirth of Venus (Godstow Press, 2008), the final volume of The Botticelli Trilogy, covers the 1490s and the death of Lorenzo. Linda Proud, A Gift for the Magus (Godstow Press, 2012), a novel about Fra Filippo <mask> and Cosimo de' Medici. Features <mask>'s birth and childhood.External links

 Exhibition Da Donatello a Lippi. Officina Pratese at Museo Civico di Palazzo Pretorio in Prato (September 2013 - January 2014)
 Works of Filippino <mask> at the Uffizi Gallery in Florence

<mask> <mask> at the National Gallery of Art

15th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
16th-century Italian painters
Italian Renaissance painters
Painters from Tuscany
People from Prato
1450s births
1504 deaths
Catholic

masks: Filippino Lippi Filippino Lippi Filippino Lippi Filippino Lippi


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<mask> (born October 12, 1933) is an American economist specializing in agricultural economics and econometrics. He is currently Distinguished University Professor Emeritus in Agricultural and Resource Economics at the University of Maryland after retiring in 2016. He is a second-generation Russian American, as his father, <mask>, was born in Vitebsk (now in Belarus) and brought to the United States as a baby. He credits his father for his interest in agricultural economics, as the elder Nerlove was educated at the University of Chicago in economics and became a professor there, in addition to also becoming a trustee and liquidator at the Security Life Insurance Company of America Trust for a time (which held mostly foreclosed midwestern farm mortgages). A widely known contribution by Nerlove in the field of econometrics is the estimator for the random effects model in panel data analysis, which is implemented in most econometric software packages. Education
1952: B.A. with honors in mathematics and general honors from the University of Chicago.1955: M.A. in economics from Johns Hopkins University; thesis: "The Predictive Test as a Tool for Research: The Demand for Meat in the United States." 1956: Ph.D. in economics with distinction from Johns Hopkins University; dissertation: Estimates of the Elasticities of Supply of Corn, Cotton, and Wheat; expanded and published in 1958 as The Dynamics of Supply: Estimation of Farmers' Response to Price. Career
1953: Research Assistant, Cowles Commission for Research in Economics, University of Chicago. 1956-57: Analytical Statistician, Agricultural Marketing Service, United States Department of Agriculture. 1957-59: First Lieutenant,

masks:
Marc Leon Nerlove
Samuel Henry Nerlove


texts:
 United States Army. 1958: Economist, Subcommittee on Antitrust and Monopoly, United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary.1958: Visiting Lecturer, Department of Political Economy, Johns Hopkins University. 1959-60: Associate Professor of Economics and Agricultural Economics, University of Minnesota. 1960-65: Professor of Economics, Stanford University. 1963-64: Ford Faculty Research Fellow in Economics. 1965-69: Professor of Economics, Yale University. 1969-74: Professor of Economics, University of Chicago. 1974-82: Cook Professor, Northwestern University.1982-86: Professor of Economics, University of Pennsylvania. 1986-91: Research Fellow, International Food Policy Research Institute. 1986-93: University Professor of Economics, University of Pennsylvania. 1993-2016: Professor of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Maryland. 1996-97: Wilson H. Elkins Professor. Visiting appointments
1958-59: Lecturer in Political Economy, Johns Hopkins University. 1967-68: Frank W. Taussig Research Professor, Harvard University.1968: University of Mannheim. 1971: University of British Columbia. 1974-78: Fundação Getulio Vargas (Brazil). 1979: Scholar-in-Residence, Rockefeller Foundation Bellagio Center. 1980-81: Fellow, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Smithsonian Institution. 1982: Research Fellow, Research School of Social Science, Australian National University. 1983: Department of Statistics, University of Florence.1984: Peking University. 1987: Institute of Economics, University of Siena. 1989: University of Bonn. 1990; 1991: Stockholm School of Economics. 1991: University of Geneva. 1996: National University of Tucumán (Argentina)
1997: Zentrum für


texts:
 Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung. 2002: IZA Institute of Labor Economics (Germany).Professional activities
Econometric Society:
1961; 1975: Chair, Program Committee. 1963-66; 1976-78: Council. 1979: Second Vice-President; 1980: First Vice-President; 1981: President. 1990: Chair, Frisch Medal Selection Committee; Chair, Nominating Committee for Officers and Council. International Economic Association:
1989: Chair, Econometrics Section. American Economic Association:
1977-79: Executive Committee. 1970-72: Editorial Board, American Economic Review.1969-71: Editorial Board, Journal of Economic Literature. 1964: Nominating Committee. American Statistical Association:
1960-62: Associate Editor, Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1964-69: Advisory Committee to the United States Census Bureau. 1966-68: Advisory Committee to the Civil Aeronautics Board. Mathematical Social Science Board:
1970: Director, Summer Workshop on “Lags in Economic Behavior: Their Interpretation and Estimation.”

Awards and honors
1954-55: Research Training Fellow, Social Science Research Council. 1955-56: Earhart Foundation Fellow.1956: Thesis and article awards, American Farm Economics Association; 1958: Publication award (shared with Frederick V. Waugh), 1961: Publication award; 1979: Enduring publication award (Distributed Lags and Demand Analysis). 1960: Fellow, Econometric Society. 1962-63: Fullbright Research Grantee and Guggenheim Fellow at the Econometric Institute. 1964: Fellow, American Statistical Association. 1969: John Bates Clark Medal, American Economic Association. 1979: Fisher Lecture, Second World Congress of the Econometric Society. 1971: Fellow, American Academy of Arts


texts:
 and Sciences.1971-72: Senior Postdoctoral Fellow, National Science Foundation. 1975: Mahalanobis Memorial Medal, International Award, Indian Econometric Society; 1975-1976: Mahalanobis Memorial Lecturer. 1978-79: Guggenheim Fellow. 1979: Member, National Academy of Sciences. 1979: W. K. Kellogg Foundation 50th Anniversary Lecture, American Agricultural Economics Association. 1982: Doctor rerum politicarium honoris cause, University of Mannheim. 1987: Fulbright Lecturer in Italy
1991: Frederick V. Waugh Memorial Lecture (inaugural), American Agricultural Economics Association.1993: Distinguished Fellow, American Agricultural Economics Association. 1994: Award of Merit for Excellence in Research, University of Maryland. 2000: Dean Gordon Cairns Award, University of Maryland College of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 2000: Docteur honoris causa, University of Geneva. 2000: Honorary Fellow, Argentine Association of Political Economy. 2012: Distinguished Fellow, American Economic Association. Selected publications

Articles

Books

References

External Links
<mask>love Elected Distinguished Fellow of the American Economic Association | College of Agricultural & Natural Sciences
<mask>. Nerlove | IZA - Institute of Labor Economics (includes CV)

1933 births
Living people
Economists from Illinois
Time series econometricians
University of Maryland, College Park faculty
Presidents of the Econometric Society
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Fellows of the Econometric Society
Fellows of the American Statistical Association
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Distinguished Fellows of the American Economic

masks:
Marc Ner
Marc L


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<mask> (9 November 1732 – 23 May 1776) was a French salon holder and letter writer. She held a prominent salon in Paris during the Enlightenment. She is best-known today, however, for her letters, first published in 1809, which offer compelling accounts of two tragic love affairs. Early life
<mask>-<mask> was born in Lyon, the illegitimate daughter of <mask>’Albon, who was the sole heir of an old family. Her mother, who was married to the Comte d'Albon, separated from her husband at the time of her birth, and the baby was baptized as the daughter of two fictitious persons, '<mask>' and his wife '<mask>'. The mystery of who her father really was did not get cleared up until her first careful biographer, the <mask>r, established that she was the daughter of <mask>rond, whose sister, <mask>mrond, marquise du Deffand, ran a famous Paris salon. Looked down on for her poverty and illegitimate birth, Mlle <mask> had an unhappy childhood marked by neglect.She acquired a basic education at a convent, but she was largely self-educated, an impressive feat given that she was later able to hold her own among France's top intellectuals. In 1754, Madame du Deffand, who recognized her niece's extraordinary gifts, persuaded her to come to Paris as her companion. The salons
<mask> moved into Mme du Deffand's apartments in the Convent of St. Joseph, where Mme du Deffand's salon attracted diplomats, aristocrats, philosophers, and politicians. The relationship lasted ten years until 1764, when Mme du Deffand became jealous of the younger woman's increasing influence with the younger generation of salon

masks:
Jeanne Julie Éléonore de Lespinasse
Julie Jeanne
Éléonore de Lespinasse
Julie Claude Hilaire d
Claude Lespinasse
Julie Navarre
Marquis de Ségu
Gaspard de Vichy Cham
Marie Anne de Vichy Cha
de Lespinasse
Julie


texts:
 attendees and a quarrel resulted. Mlle <mask> then set up a salon of her own that attracted many of the same people who had attended Mme du Deffand's salon. The mathematician and writer Jean le Rond d'Alembert became a close friend, joined her new salon, and eventually came to live in her house, although they were not romantically involved. This arrangement lent further influence to Mlle <mask>'s salon, which became a center for writers of the Encyclopédie.<mask>, for example, made her a protagonist of his controversial philosophical dialogues entitled D'Alembert's Dream. Although she had neither wealth nor rank and was not an outstanding beauty, Mlle <mask> had intellect, charm, and ability as a hostess, qualities that made her salon gatherings the most popular in Paris. Her continuing notability is due less to her social success, however, than to a literary talent that remained a secret during her lifetime, even from her closest friends. Letters
Two volumes of Mlle <mask>'s letters, first published in 1809, displayed her as a writer of rare intensity. The literary critic Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve ranks her letters with those by Héloïse and with the Letters of a Portuguese Nun (the latter now believed to be epistolary fiction rather than real letters). Other writers, focusing on her theme of passionate love rather than on genre, place her work alongside that of novelists such as Abbé Prévost and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Mlle <mask>'s letters center on her great and thwarted love for two men: Don José y Gonzaga, <mask> Mora, who was the son of the Spanish ambassador in Paris, and

masks:
de Lespinasse
de Lespinasse
Diderot
de Lespinasse
de Lespinasse
de Lespinasse
Marquis de


texts:
 Jacques-Antoine-Hippolyte, Comte <mask>bert, a French general and writer.Less dispassionately philosophical than those by such later eighteenth century letter writers as <mask> Stael, they offer a portrait of someone who saw herself as a tragic heroine sacrificing all for love. Letters to the Marquis <mask>
Mlle <mask> first met the <mask> Mora about two years after establishing her own salon. Encountering him again two years later, she fell in love with him, and he fully returned her feelings. He began to suffer symptoms of tuberculosis, however, and returned to Spain for his health. Mlle <mask>'s letters reveal the pain she experienced from the separation and her anxiety over Mora's poor health. On the way back to Paris in 1774 to fulfill promises exchanged with Mlle <mask>, the marquis died at Bordeaux at the age of 30.

Letters to the Comte <mask>
Soon after the <mask> Mora returned to Spain, Mlle <mask> became acquainted with the man who would become the main passion of her life, the Comte <mask>, then a colonel. Her letters to Guibert began in 1773 and soon record her as torn between her affection for Mora and her new infatuation.Later letters describe her partial disenchantment occasioned by Guibert's marriage to another woman in 1775 and her increasing despair. Death
By early 1776, Mlle <mask> was in a state of mental and physical collapse, apparently caused by the misery of her relationship with Guibert. She had earlier shown depressive tendencies and a consequent dependence on opium may have aggravated her breakdown. On her deathbed, she refused to receive Guibert and instead,

masks:
de Gui
Madame de
de Mora
de Lespinasse
Marquis de
de Lespinasse
de Lespinasse
de Guibert
Marquis de
de Lespinasse
de Guibert
de Lespinasse


texts:
 was watched over by her friend d'Alembert. She died on 22 May 1776 in Paris at the age of 43, possibly of tuberculosis. Her last words are said to have been "Am I still alive?" Publications
Following the first publication of Mlle <mask>'s Letters in 1809, a spurious additional collection appeared in 1820.Some later editions included a portrait of her written by her friend d'Alembert. Modern editions include that of Eugène Asse (1876–77). An 1887 collection edited M. Charles Henry, Lettres inédités de Mademoiselle de Lespinasse à Condorcet, à D'Alembert, à Guibert, au comte de Crillon, contains copies of the documents available for her biography. In addition to the Letters, she was the author of two unpublished chapters intended as a kind of sequel to Laurence Sterne's Sentimental Journey. In popular culture
<mask> Breton, a protagonist in Mary Augusta Ward's novel Lady Rose's Daughter is said to owe something to the character of Mlle <mask>. The novelist <mask>-Smith wrote a well-received biography, The Double Heart: A Study of <mask> Lespinasse (1931). Notes and references

Bibliography

Strachey, Lytton.Biographical Essays. Further reading
<mask>-Smith, Naomi. The Double Heart: A Study of <mask> Lespinasse. 1931. Segur, <mask> (Pierre Marie Maurice Henri, comte <mask>r). <mask> Lespinasse By the <mask> Segur. Translated from the French by P. H. Lee Warner.Henry Holt & Co., New York, 1907. French salon-holders
1732 births
1776 deaths
Writers from Lyon
18th-century French writers
French letter writers
Women letter writers
18th-century French women writers
18th-century letter

masks:
de Lespinasse
Julie Le
de Lespinasse
Naomi Royde
Julie de
Royde
Julie de
Marquis de
de Segu
Julie de
Marquis de


texts:
<mask> FRS (born 1931) is a British neuropsychologist specialised in the study of dementia. She holds a PhD in Psychology visual processing and is now an emeritus professor of clinical neuropsychology at the University College London. She formerly worked as the Head of the Department of Neuropsychology at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery where she is also a member of the Dementia Research Centre. She was made a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1986. Biography
<mask> received her PhD in Psychology (visual processing) from the University College London in the 1950s. She worked as the Head of Department of Neuropsychology at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery in London, England. As of June 2015, she is an emeritus professor of clinical neuropsychology for the University College London, specifically in the UCL Institute of Neurology.She is a member of the Dementia Research Centre associated with University College London. <mask> played a key role in the British development of Cognitive Neuropsychology a research approach that has had implications beyond the clinical sphere, providing important insights into the way that the normal human brain perceives, remembers, and talk about words, objects and events. <mask>'s work has established a number of important differences (dissociations) between superficially similar cognitive abilities, for example in defining the differences between episodic memory and semantic memory and in establishing the evidence for category specific disorders of semantic knowledge; her work also defined a pattern of clinical impairment that became recognised as defining a form of dementia semantic dementia. Her work is a foundation for understanding normal function as well as for innovating clinical methods in the development of numerous tests that can be used in the diagnosis of brain injuries and diseases including dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and brain injuries resulting from a stroke and tumours. Her tests may also be used to track recovery and to plan rehabilitation

Research
<mask>'s research work focused on cognitive abilities and deficits. She conducted extensive

masks:
Elizabeth Kerr Warrington
Warrington
Warrington
Warrington
Elizabeth Warrington


texts: research in the areas of visual object recognition, memory, and dementia. Her research has played an important role in the discovery and characterisation of semantic dementia.<mask> has also contributed to the development of more accurate tests used to diagnose degenerative brain conditions. In one of <mask>'s earliest studies, she investigated eighty right-handed patients who showed signs of a unilateral cerebral lesion resulting from problems such as a stroke or tumor. Subjects with lesions affecting the right side of their brain performed worse than subjects with lesions on the left and control subjects when attempting both the Incomplete Letters Task and the Gollin Incomplete Figures Task. She went on to demonstrate that people with right hemisphere lesions had great difficulty in recognising objects photographed from unusual angles or with unusual lighting. The results of these studies provided evidence of hemispheric lateralisation of function and also had a major impact on's theory of object recognition. Entirely by accident, <mask> working together with Lawrence Weiskrantz discovered a task in which patients suffering from severe amnesia displayed signs of memory. She accomplished this using the Gollin incomplete figures task.When presenting patients with the second viewing of the figures, patients showed good retention of the initially unrecognisable images. These patients were classified as displaying signs of "normal" memory. To further validate the discovery of "normal" memory in severe amnesics, <mask> used methods involving stem completion. The stem completion tasks involved patients learning a battery of words, and later identifying the learned words. Patients were able to identify a previously learned word when presented with the first three letters, but were unable to identify a previously learned word when given the choice between a learned word and unknown word. These tests provided further evidence of different types of memory, now known as implicit memory and explicit memory. In a test administered by <mask> and Tim Shallice from University College London, the short term memory of a patient who suffered

masks: Warrington Warrington Warrington Warrington Warrington


texts:
 head trauma following a motorcycle accident was tested.Although the patient displayed a digit span of one (as opposed to the average person's digit span of five to nine), he was able to form certain types of long term memory. The collected data suggested that short term memory was not necessarily required for the formation of long term memories. Cognitive Functioning Tests
Throughout her career, <mask> conducted many ground breaking experiments and developed many cognitive functioning tests to measure a patient's cognitive abilities. <mask>'s work is often credited with helping shape the basis of modern-day cognitive psychology. Many of <mask>'s tests are still used today. One of her most influential collection of tests is the Visual Object and Space Perception Battery, or the VOSP, published by <mask> and Merle James in 1991. This collection of tests was based on over twenty years' research into object and spatial perception in people with damage confined to one side of the brain.Although the tests were originally devised to investigate theoretical issues, they have excellent selectivity and sensitivity in a clinical context leading to their wide adoption. The VOSP tests were designed to place limited demands on other cognitive abilities and are generally easy for people without brain disorders. Some VOSP tests have been incorporated into other test batteries (e.g., The Rookwood Driving Battery) and they have also influenced other screening measures (e.g., The ACE-R). There are  eight untimed tests in the VOSP that can be given either separately or as a whole. The scores obtained in a testing session can be compared with those obtained by people with brain injuries and with controls. The VOSP is widely used by clinical and research psychologists and has featured in over 250 research publications. The VOSP can be purchased from Pearson for around the price of 230.00 USD.Another test that is still in use is the Verbal and Spatial Reasoning Test also known as VESPAR. VESPAR is a test that was designed by <mask> and Dawn W. Langdon in 1996. VESPAR is a reasoning test that presents a fairly new approach in how reasoning tests


texts:
 are performed. This test is designed to measure the fluid intelligence in neurological patients. This test is unique in that it offers more accuracy than any other test available for this type of measurement. VESPAR is divided into six sections. There are three matched sets of verbal and spatial reasoning problems, where each is dedicated to one of three forms of inductive reasoning.This includes odd one out, by analogy, and series completion. VESPAR is able to overcome many restraints that arise when performing more conventional reasoning tests by using stimuli that is more readily accessed by patients who suffer from physical or cognitive impairments due to neurological illness. VESPAR does not use timing to help evaluate performance, instead it uses high frequency stimulus words or visually distinct spatial stimuli to help determine its results. VESPAR has a multiple choice format. This format has been adopted to reduce both short term memory load and output demands on the patient. The assessment of patients for neurodiagnostic and neurorehabilitation needs will be facilitated. VESPAR only requires the patient to do simple pointing gestures.The spatial section of the test measures the fluid intelligence of patients with aphasia. The verbal section does the same for patients with visual and spatial problems. VESPAR focuses more the instinctive ability of a patient, rather than educational experience. Thus, although originally developed for adult neurological populations, the test is suitable for a wide range of clinical, educational, occupational, and research applications. This test is also available for purchase at most online bookstores. References

External links
Professor <mask> FRS – Cognition and behaviour, Warrington's profile on the Royal Society's website
An interview with Warrington
<mask>'s profile on the UCL website
An interview with <mask>
VOSP
VESPAR
Podcasts on iTunes

Living people
Female Fellows of the Royal Society
Academics of University College London
Alumni of University College London
British neuroscientists
British women neuroscientists
British women scientists
Fellows of the Royal Society
1931

masks:
Elizabeth Warrington
Elizabeth Warrington
Elizabeth Warrington


texts:
<mask><mask> (born June 5, 1965) is an American astronomer, who has been professor of planetary astronomy at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) since 2003. His team has discovered many trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs), including the dwarf planet Eris, which was originally thought to be bigger than Pluto, triggering a debate on the definition of a planet. He has been referred to by himself and by others as the man who "killed Pluto", because he furthered Pluto's being downgraded to a dwarf planet in the aftermath of his discovery of Eris and several other probable trans-Neptunian dwarf planets. He is the author of How I Killed Pluto and Why It Had It Coming, published in 2010. He was awarded the Kavli Prize (shared with Jane X. Luu and David C. Jewitt) in 2012 "for discovering and characterizing the Kuiper Belt and its largest members, work that led to a major advance in the understanding of the history of our planetary system." Early life and education
<mask> is a Huntsville, Alabama, native and graduated from Virgil I. Grissom High School in 1983. He earned his A.B.in physics from Princeton University in 1987, where he was a member of the Princeton Tower Club. <mask> completed his senior thesis, titled "Simulating the measurement of the correlation function of the Shane–Wirtanen galaxy counts", under the supervision of <mask>. He did his graduate studies at the University of California, Berkeley, where he earned an M.A. degree in astronomy in 1990 and a Ph.D. degree in astronomy in 1994. Career

Discoveries

<mask> is credited by the Minor Planet Center with the discovery or co-discovery of 29 minor planets, not counting Haumea (see list below). He is best known in the scientific community for his surveys

masks:
Michael E
. Brown
Brown
Brown
Edward Groth
Brown


texts:
 for distant objects orbiting the Sun. His team has discovered many trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs).Particularly notable are <mask>, a dwarf planet and the only TNO known to be more massive than Pluto, leading directly to Pluto's demotion from planet status; Sedna, a planetoid thought to be the first observed body of the inner Öpik–Oort cloud; and Orcus. <mask>'s team famously named Eris and its moon Dysnomia with the informal names Xena and Gabrielle, respectively, after the two main characters of Xena: Warrior Princess. Together with Jean-Luc Margot in 2001, he also discovered Romulus and Linus, two minor-planet moons in the asteroid belt. List of minor-planet discoveries

Haumea controversy

<mask> and his team also had been observing the dwarf planet  for approximately six months before its announced discovery by José Luis Ortiz Moreno and colleagues from the Sierra Nevada Observatory in Spain. <mask> originally indicated his support for Ortiz's team's being given credit for the discovery of Haumea. However, further investigation showed that a website containing archives of where the telescopes of <mask>'s team had been pointed while tracking Haumea had been accessed eight times in the three days preceding Ortiz's announcement, by computers with IP addresses that were traced back to the website of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC, Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia), where Ortiz works, and to e-mail messages sent by Ortiz and his student. These website accesses came a week after <mask> had published an abstract for an upcoming conference talk at which he had planned to announce the discovery of Haumea; the abstract referred to Haumea by a code that was the same code used in the online telescope

masks: Eris Brown Brown Brown Brown Brown


texts:
 logs; and the Andalusia computers had accessed the logs containing that code directly, as would be the case after an internet search, without going through the home page or other pages of the archives.When asked about this online activity, Ortiz responded with an email to <mask> that suggested <mask> was at fault for "hiding objects", and said that "the only reason why we are now exchanging e-mail is because you did not report your object." <mask> says that this statement by Ortiz contradicts the accepted scientific practice of analyzing one's research until one is satisfied that it is accurate, then submitting it to peer review prior to any public announcement. However, the Minor Planet Center only needs precise enough orbit determination on the object in order to provide discovery credit, which Ortiz provided (see Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their moons to verify typical time scale of observation and publication of discoveries). The then director of the IAA, José Carlos del Toro, distanced himself from Ortiz, insisting that its researchers have "sole responsibility" for themselves. <mask> petitioned the International Astronomical Union to credit his team rather than Ortiz as the discoverers of Haumea. The IAU has deliberately not acknowledged a discoverer of Haumea. The discovery date and location are listed as March 7, 2003 at Ortiz's Sierra Nevada Observatory.However, the IAU accepted <mask>'s suggested name of Haumea, which fit the names of Haumea's two moons, rather than Ortiz's Ataecina. Proposed ninth planet
In January 2016, <mask> and fellow Caltech astronomer, Konstantin Batygin, proposed the existence of Planet Nine, a major planet between the size of Earth and Neptune. The two

masks: Brown Brown Brown Brown Brown Brown


texts:
 astronomers gave a recorded interview in which they described their method and reasoning for proposing Planet 9 on January 20, 2016. Other work
In 2010 <mask> published a memoir of his discoveries and surrounding family life, How I Killed Pluto and Why It Had It Coming. Honors, awards and accolades
<mask> was named one of Time 100 most influential people of 2006. In 2007 he received Caltech's annual Feynman Prize, Caltech's most prestigious teaching honor. Asteroid 11714 Mikebrown, discovered on April 28, 1998, was named in his honor.In 2012, <mask> was awarded the Kavli Prize in Astrophysics. Students and postdocs
<mask>'s former graduate students and postdocs include astrophysicists Adam Burgasser, Jean-Luc Margot, Chad Trujillo, Marc Kuchner, Antonin Bouchez, <mask>, Darin Ragozzine, and Megan Schwamb. Personal life
<mask> married Diane Binney on March 1, 2003. They have one daughter. See also
 Konstantin Batygin
 Planet Nine

References

External links

 <mask>'s homepage

  (plutokiller)
 <mask>'s planets <mask>'s blog
 The Search for Planet Nine Konstantin Batygin's and <mask>'s blog
 Brown's Talk on How I Killed Pluto and Why It Had It Coming Part of the Silicon Valley Astronomy Lecture Series
 The Tenth Planet, by Alec Wilkinson, The New Yorker, July 24, 2006

1965 births
Living people
20th-century American astronomers
21st-century American astronomers
California Institute of Technology faculty
Discoverers of asteroids
Discoverers of trans-Neptunian objects

Eris (dwarf planet)
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
People from Huntsville, Alabama
Planetary scientists
Pluto's planethood
Princeton University alumni
UC Berkeley College of Letters and Science alumni
Kavli Prize laureates

masks:
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Emily Schaller
Brown
Brown
Mike Brown
Brown
Brown


texts:
<mask> (31 August 1908 – 12 February 1944) was a leading English sportsman, aviator, explorer and author. Born at his parents' home in Regent's Park, London, Gandar-Dower was the fourth and youngest son of independently wealthy Joseph Wilson Gandar-Dower and his wife Amelia Frances Germaine. Two of his elder brothers, Eric and Alan Gandar Dower, served as Conservative Members of Parliament. Other brothers include Ronald, Leonard and Howard. All used different versions of their surname: Gandar-Dower, Gandar Dower and Dower respectively. Education
Gandar-Dower was educated at Windlesham House School and Harrow School, where he played cricket, association football, Eton Fives and rackets and, with Terence Rattigan, wrote for The Harrovian. He then received a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge in 1927 to read History, gaining an upper second.There, he won athletic blues in billiards, tennis and real tennis, Rugby Fives, Eton Fives and rackets. In addition, Gandar-Dower edited Granta magazine and chaired the Trinity debating society. Sporting career
Gandar-Dower became a leading tennis player, competing in a number of tournaments throughout the 1930s, including Wimbledon and the French Championships. He was nicknamed "The Undying Retriever" for his ability to run large distances during matches. At the 1932 Queen's Club Championship in London Gandar-Dower had his greatest tennis success when he defeated Harry Hopman in three sets. Newspaper reports stated that he "had Hopman perplexed with his unorthodox game and the number of astonishingly low volleys from apparently impossible positions." Gandar-Dower also won the British Amateur Squash championships in 1938 and continued to play cricket competitively throughout the 1930s.Gandar-Dower twice won the principal trophy in Eton Fives – the Kinnaird Cup – in 1929 and 1932,


texts:
 and was in the defeated pair in the 1931 final. Gandar-Dower caused a reputation for himself in real tennis through his tactic of getting to the net as quickly as possible and volleying everything in sight. This was frowned upon by traditionalists and it was considered that Gandar-Dower "disrupted the game for a while". Aviator
In June 1932, with minimal flying experience, Gandar-Dower entered the King's Cup Air Race and "soon became one of the most colourful aviators of his era", making one of the first flights from England to India. Explorer
In 1934 Gandar-Dower led an expedition to Mount Kenya and the Aberdare Range in an attempt to capture a marozi, a spotted lion rumoured to exist. While he failed to capture or photograph a marozi (which remains undiscovered), Gandar-Dower did find three sets of tracks which he believed to be marozi and discovered that locals differentiated marozi from lions or leopards. In 1937, Gandar-Dower authored a book on the subject, The Spotted Lion.He spent 1935 and 1936 in the Belgian Congo and Kenya, where he climbed active volcanoes and produced a definitive map of Mount Sattima. Cheetah racing
Gandar-Dower returned to England in 1937 with twelve cheetahs with the intention of introducing cheetah racing to Great Britain. After six months' quarantine and six months' adapting themselves to the changed climatic conditions at Harringay and Staines stadia, the cheetahs first raced at Romford Greyhound Stadium on Saturday 11 December 1937. Specially timed trials had taken place where the cheetahs clipped seconds off almost every greyhound record. On 13 December a cheetah by the name of Helen covered the distance of 265 yards in a record time of 15.86sec but in the second race won by Gussie the second cheetah James stopped and refused to chase the hare. Helen had previously covered 355 yards


texts:
 in 19.8secs. However the cheetah racing failed after just one more attempt because they were not competitive and had no interest in pursuing the hare and could not negotiate tight bends.Gandar-Dower also caused uproar at the Queen's Club when he brought a male cheetah into the bar on a leash. Writing career
Gandar-Dower was also a successful author, writing about his adventures. His titles include:
 Amateur Adventure, based on his flight to India, was published in 1934. In a contemporary book review, Flight Magazine wrote that Gandar-Dower "produced an amusing record of his adventures ... that nearly everyone will recommend their friends to read." Into Madagascar, published in 1943, is a history/travelogue, in which he reports that the nineteenth century Malagasy monarch Queen Ranavalona I had "a passion for sewing her subjects up in sacks and making use of the first-class facilities offered by her capital in the matter of vertical drops." The Spotted Lion, published in 1937, recorded Gandar-Dower's search for the marozi through Kenya. The Spotted Lion has been credited with bringing the marozi to the attention of the world.Abyssinian patchwork: an anthology, written in the mid-1930s but not released until 1949, covered the mistreatment of Ethiopians under Italian Fascism. Inside Britain and Outside Britain were co-written in 1938 with James Riddell. Satires, they are described as having "much gentle irony and are occasionally clairvoyant in their political speculation." World War II
At the outbreak of World War II Gandar-Dower was in the Belgian Congo photographing gorillas. Returning to England, he then worked on the Mass-Observation project with Tom Harrisson before being hired by the Government of Kenya to improve its public relations with the native inhabitants, producing a number of works that the government


texts:
 considered "excellent". Later he acted as a war correspondent, covering campaigns in Abyssinia and Madagascar, travelling vast distances by bicycle and canoe. During the unresisted assault on Tamatave in eastern Madagascar he leapt from an amphibious vessel wearing a bowler hat, carrying a camera in one hand and typewriter in the other.On 6 February 1944 Gandar-Dower boarded the SS Khedive Ismail at Kilindini Harbour at Mombasa, bound for Colombo. While approaching Addu Atoll in the Maldives, on 12 February 1944, the vessel was attacked by Japanese submarine I-27. Struck by two torpedoes, the Khedive Ismail sank in two minutes, with a death toll of 1297, Gandar-Dower among them. Gandar-Dower's obituary in Wisden stated that "he was one of the most versatile player of games of any period." A wealthy man, Gandar-Dower left over £75,000 in his will. References
 Fage, J., Clark, D., Roberts, A. and Oliver, R. (1986) The Cambridge History of Africa: From 1905 to 1940, Cambridge University Press, . Haigh, G. (2006) Peter the Lord's Cat and other unexpected obituaries from Wisden, Aurum Press, London. .
 Lewis, J.(2000) Empire State-building: War & Welfare in Kenya, 1925–52, Ohio State University Press, . Shaw, K. (2009) Curing Hiccups With Small Fires, Boxtree: London. .

Footnotes and citations

External links
Forgotten Travellers: Driven by Devils  Essay on K. C. Gandar Dower

1908 births
1944 deaths
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
British civilians killed in World War II
British male tennis players
Cryptozoologists
English aviators
English explorers
English male squash players
English male tennis players
English real tennis players
People educated at Harrow School
People educated at Windlesham House School
Tennis people from Greater London
War correspondents of World War II
Journalists killed while covering World War


texts:
<mask> (; born 9 October 1986) is a retired French Olympic, world and European champion swimmer. She has held the world record in freestyle events between 200 and 1500 meter. She is the daughter of a French father and a Dutch mother, and she is the older sister of <mask> who is also an Olympic gold medalist swimmer. Career

2004 Olympics
She won the gold medal in the women's 400-meter freestyle at the 2004 Athens Olympics. It was France's first gold medal ever in women's swimming and the first swimming gold medal won by a French athlete since Jean Boiteux's victory in the 400-meter men's freestyle event at Helsinki in 1952. <mask> won the silver medal in the women's 800-meter freestyle at the Athens Olympics. In that race, she had a quick start but was passed down the stretch by Ai Shibata of Japan.She also won the bronze medal in the women's 100-meter backstroke, thus becoming only the 165th Frenchwoman to win three medals in a single Olympic Games, Summer or Winter. The first one was the track and field athlete Micheline Ostermeyer in London in 1948. <mask> was by far the best swimmer on the French team, but she did not have the team support to win a medal in the women's 4×200 m freestyle relay. <mask> is currently tied for third (three medals altogether) on the all-time list of French multiple female Winter or Summer Olympic medal winners along with Micheline Ostermeyer, Marielle Goitschel, Pascale Trinquet-Hachin, Perrine Pelen, Anne Briand-Bouthiaux, Marie-José Pérec, Félicia Ballanger and Camille Muffat. The all-time leader is the fencer Laura Flessel-Colovic, who has five Olympic medals. 2004 European Championships
<mask> <mask> won three gold medals at the 2004 European Swimming Championships in Madrid, Spain, in the 100-metre backstroke, 400-metre freestyle, and the 4×100-metre medley relay. 2005 World Championships
On 24 July 2005 at the 2005 World Aquatics Championships in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, <mask> won the

masks:
Laure Manaudou
Florent Manaudou
Manaudou
Manaudou
Manaudou
Laure
Manaudou
Manaudou


texts:
 women's 400-m freestyle.<mask> was under world record pace for the first half of the race. In the second half of the race, <mask> was challenged by Shibata, her rival from the Olympics. Pundits were already predicting that <mask> would eventually eclipse the world-record mark in the 400-m freestyle set by Janet Evans at the 1988 Summer Olympics. This would happen on 12 May 2006, as she broke Evans's world record of 4:03.85 during the final of the French championship in Tours with the time of 4:03.03. 2006 European Championships
On 12 May 2006, <mask> broke Janet Evans's world record in the women's 400-meter freestyle swim that had stood for 18 years. <mask> then held the same world record for nearly two years. On 6 August 2006, on the final day of the 2006 European Swimming Championships in Budapest, she broke her own world record with a time of 4:02.13 in winning the 400-m freestyle title.She also won the 800-m freestyle (in European record time), 200-m individual medley and 100-m backstroke titles. In addition, she obtained the bronze medal in the 200-m freestyle, 4×200-m team freestyle and 4×100-m team medley. With her four titles, she equalled the record of the number of individual titles won in the same European swimming championships held by East Germany's Ute Geweniger (1981) and Hungary's Krisztina Egerszegi (1993). 2007 World Championships
<mask> broke the 200-m freestyle world record at the 2007 World Swimming Championships in Melbourne in winning the final. She also won the 400-m freestyle event. She obtained silver medals in the 100-m backstroke and the 800-m freestyle, and a bronze for 4×200-m freestyle relay. In the 100-m backstroke, she became the second woman in history to swim under a minute in the event.She was leading the race in the 800-m final going into the last lap, but the American Kate Ziegler finally overtook her in the last metres to win by a margin of 28 cm. She was thus prevented from becoming the

masks: Manaudou Manaudou Manaudou Manaudou Manaudou Manaudou


texts:
 first female swimmer to win the 200-m, 400-m and 800-m freestyle titles at the same World Championships. 2008 Olympics
In the 2008 Summer Olympics, <mask> was unable to recapture her form from the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. After starting strong and holding the lead at the 200-meter mark, she finished last (eighth) in the 400-m freestyle final with a finishing time of 4:11.26. After the defeat, <mask> admitted giving up during the race after struggling to keep up. She then finished seventh in the 100-m backstroke final. In her final hope for a medal, in the 200-m backstroke, she finished last in her semifinal heat and was eliminated.Retirement and comeback
On 17 September 2009, at 22 years of age, <mask> announced through the newspaper Le Parisien her retirement from competitive swimming. She was quoted as saying, "It came to me little by little. I didn’t make it on impulse. It has matured slowly.”
In October 2010, she returned to training in the United States with the Auburn University Tigers swim team. She made her return to competition on July 14, 2011, in Tigers colours at a small swimming meet in Athens, Georgia, in the United States, where
she set a personal record in the 50-m freestyle event (25.84 s). 2012 Olympics
<mask> competed in the 2012 Summer Olympics in three events – 100 m backstroke, 200 m backstroke, and the 4 × 100 m medley relay. She failed to advance from the first round heats in all the three events.However, she was poolside on August 3 as her younger brother Florent won a surprise victory in the men's 50 m freestyle final, and embraced him following his victory

Personal life
The weekly magazine Paris Match ran a cover story on <mask> in its 5–11 April 2007 issue. <mask> is now dating Fréro Delavega singer Jérémy Frérot, with whom she has a son Lou, born on July 18, 2017

Accomplishments
Between June 2004 and April 2008, <mask> remained unbeaten in the 400-metre freestyle, winning 23 finals in

masks: Manaudou Manaudou Manaudou Manaudou Manaudou Manaudou Manaudou


texts: <mask> (, Vasily Vasilyevich Stroesko; November 11, 1845 – April 13, 1926), also known as <mask>, Basile Stroesco, or <mask>, was a Bessarabian and Romanian politician, landowner, and philanthropist. One of the proponents and sponsors of Romanian nationalism in Russia's Bessarabia Governorate, as well as among the Romanian communities of Austria-Hungary, he was also a champion of self-help and of cooperative farming. He inherited or purchased large estates, progressively dividing them among local peasants, while setting up local schools and churches for their use. An erudite and traveler, he abandoned his career in law to focus on his agricultural projects and cultural activism. For the latter work, he became an honorary member of the Romanian Academy. Having backed the nationalist papers Basarabia and Cuvânt Moldovenesc, <mask> was drawn into the more elitist cell of the nationalist movement, centered on the parts of the zemstva and gentry assembly. He was thus honorary president of the National Moldavian Party shortly after the February Revolution but, with Vladimir Herța, drifted away from the core of the movement to set up his own aristocratic branch.He became an absentee member of Sfatul Țării during the existence of a Moldavian Democratic Republic and its union with Romania. In 1919–1920, he served in the Assembly of Deputies, and was its de facto President for one day, on November 20, 1919. Rallying with the Bessarabian Peasants' Party, <mask> became critical of the unification process, decrying government abuses in

masks:
Vasile Vasilievici Stroescu
Vasile de Stroesco
Vasile Stroiescu
Stroescu
Stroescu