texts:
 bench. Simultaneously, he had also been a regular in the U-19 squad in their bid to qualify for the 2010 European Championships and helped them to a place in the elite round.He played all three matches of that round, but Northern Ireland failed to win any of the games and finished at the bottom of their group. In May 2011 it was reported that Northern Ireland manager Nigel Worthington believed that <mask> would switch his allegiance to the Republic of Ireland after he failed to reply to telephone calls. In the months that followed, <mask> did not comment on his future at international level. However, under-21 coach Steve Beaglehole later stated that he believed <mask> never attempted to switch allegiances despite failing to respond to Worthington's calls as he had started in all the 2013 European Championship qualifiers from September onwards. In November, <mask> ended the speculation by publicly committing his international future to Northern Ireland. On 20 February 2012 <mask> was included in Michael O'Neill's first squad following his appointment as the Northern Ireland manager. <mask> scored his first goal for Northern Ireland in an international friendly versus Finland on 15 August 2012.A year later, he produced what O'Neill called "90 minutes of the really highest quality" as Northern Ireland beat Russia in a 2014 World Cup qualifier. Career statistics

Club

International

International goals
Scores and results list Northern Ireland's goal tally first. Honours
Millwall
EFL League One play-offs: 2017

References

External links

<mask> profile at Irish Football Association

1991 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Derry (city)
Association footballers from Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland youth international footballers
Northern Ireland under-21 international footballers
Northern Ireland B international footballers
Northern Ireland international footballers
Association football wingers
Newcastle United F.C. players
Birmingham City F.C. players
Rangers F.C. players
Millwall F.C. players
Rotherham United F.C.players
Premier League players
English Football League players
UEFA Euro 2016 players
Gaelic footballers who

masks:
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Ferguson
Shane Ferguson


type: original

texts:
<mask> (born July 23, 1968) is an American model and actress. During the 1980s and 1990s, she was one of the most popular supermodels, being featured in the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue and the cover of Vogue, as well as being a former Victoria's Secret Angel. She had a book published about beauty tips and has participated in advertising campaigns for clothing and cosmetic products. In 2017, <mask> launched her own line of lingerie. She has ventured into acting with one appearance in each medium of film, television, and video games. Early life and career
Born in San Diego, California, the middle child of a California real estate-developer father and hairstylist mother, <mask> started her modeling career working for local newspapers and department stores in her hometown at the age of 16. In 1983, at 15, she was a finalist at the inaugural Elite Model Management Look of the Year modeling contest (now called Elite Model Look).In the late 1980s and early 1990s, <mask> appeared in numerous issues of the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue and on the cover of Vogue as well. During the same period, <mask> was a primary lingerie and hosiery model for the relatively new Victoria's Secret company in its mail-order catalogs and retail stores. In March 1991, and again in February 1993, <mask> posed for Playboy. She was one of the most famous supermodels of the 1980s and 1990s along with Kate Moss, Naomi Campbell, Linda Evangelista, Christy Turlington, Cindy Crawford, and Claudia Schiffer. Vanity Fair would later have several of these models appear on the cover of an issue photographed by Mario Testino, called "—A League Of Their Own". In the 2006 book In Vogue: The Illustrated History of the World's Most Famous Fashion Magazine, the editors cite the "original supermodels" and <mask> when quoting Vogue editor-in-chief Anna Wintour, who said, "Those girls were so fabulous for fashion and totally reflected that time ... [They] were like movie stars." The editors name famous models from previous decades, but explain that, "None of them attained the

masks:
Stephanie Michelle Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour


texts:
 fame and worldwide renown bestowed on Linda Evangelista, Christy Turlington, Cindy Crawford, Naomi Campbell, Tatjana Patitz, <mask>, Claudia Schiffer, Yasmeen Ghauri, and Karen Mulder in the late 1980s and early 1990s.These models burst out beyond the pages of the magazines. Many became the faces of cosmetics brands and perfumes, had their own television programs and physical-fitness videos and their own lines of lingerie. Their lives, activities, influences, and images were the subjects of all types of sociological and historical analysis." In 1998, <mask> wrote <mask>'s Beauty Secrets for Dummies. In 2000, <mask> was ranked #91 on the North American FHM 100 Sexiest Women of 2000 list. In 2006, she appeared in a campaign for Gap with her children. Salvatore Ferragamo's creative campaign for his fall/winter 2007/2008 collection featured <mask> and Claudia Schiffer, shot on location in Italy with Mario Testino.In the promotional photos, the supermodels play film stars protected by bodyguards and pursued by the paparazzi. <mask> was joined by other fellow supermodels Naomi Campbell, Kate Moss, Linda Evangelista, Daria Werbowy, Christy Turlington, and Amber Valletta for the September 2013 issue of Interview magazine titled "Model". In 2014, <mask> was named a global spokesmodel for Estée Lauder. <mask> co-founded and launched the lingerie line Raven & Sparrow in 2017. The line features high end vintage inspired pieces designed for comfort, ranging from camisoles and rompers to silk robes and nightgowns. It is available exclusively at Barneys New York. Acting
<mask>'s first acting role was as explosives expert Cynna Stone in the video game Hell: A Cyberpunk Thriller.She played the unusual part of a live actor in a game whose characters and scenery were nearly all CG renders. In 2000, <mask> played Helen Frankenthaler in the movie Pollock. In 2002, she played the role of Sara Lindstrom in the "Crazy" episode of Law & Order: Criminal Intent. Personal life
At the age of 16, she began dating 42 year old John Casablancas, the head of Elite Model

masks:
Stephanie Seymour
Seymour
Stephanie Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour


texts:
 Management, who was, at the time, married to model Jeanette Christiansen. The couple lived together before <mask> broke off the relationship. From 1989 to 1990, she was married to guitarist Tommy Andrews. The marriage failed but resulted in the birth of her first son, Dylan Thomas Andrews, in 1990.By mid-1991, she had become involved with Axl Rose, the lead singer of Guns N' Roses. She appeared in two music videos by Guns N' Roses: "Don't Cry" and "November Rain". The couple were reportedly engaged, but they broke up in February 1993. In August 1993, Rose sued <mask> claiming she assaulted him and stole more than $100,000 worth of jewelry. <mask> countersued claiming he was physically abusive. <mask> subpoenaed Erin Everly, Rose's ex-wife, to testify that she was also abused by him. The lawsuits were eventually settled.Shortly after her breakup with Rose, <mask> began dating Peter Brant, who was married and the father of five children. Brant is a publisher, real estate developer and art collector. She gave birth to the couple's first son (her second), Peter II, in December 1993. <mask> and Brant married in July 1995 in Paris. <mask> gave birth to their second son, Harry Joseph, in 1996, and to their third child, daughter Lily Margaret, in 2004. In March 2009, <mask> filed for divorce from Brant after almost 14 years of marriage. The couple reconciled in 2010.Their son, model Harry Brant, died at age 24 from a drug overdose on January 17, 2021. On the one-year anniversary of Harry's death <mask> took to social media and posted an emotional tribute to her son's passing on Instagram receiving support from many celebrities such as Cindy Crawford. Filmography

References

External links

 Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Collection Gallery for <mask>

1968 births
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from San Diego
American female models
American film actresses
American television actresses
American video game actresses
Axl Rose
IMG Models models
Living people
Female models from California
Victoria's Secret

masks:
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Seymour
Stephanie Seymour


texts:
<mask> (born 18 February 1990) is a Costa Rican professional footballer who plays as a left-back or left midfielder for Danish Superliga club Copenhagen and the Costa Rica national team. He was selected for the Costa Rica national team at the Copa América Centenario and the 2018 FIFA World Cup. <mask> has previously represented Saprissa, Nordsjælland, Everton and Sunderland. Club career

Copenhagen
In early 2010 he signed for Danish club Copenhagen. Everton
On 31 August 2012, <mask> signed for English side Everton for an undisclosed fee. He made his debut as an 85th-minute substitute during a 3–0 away league win over Swansea City in September. <mask> was very much a squad player during his first season with Everton as he made 15 league appearances, 14 of those as a substitute.In 2012, in a starting 11 against Norwich City, <mask> picked up his first assist for the club. He scored his first goal for Everton on 30 November 2013 in a 4–0 win over Stoke City, also picking up an assist. Four days later he scored against Manchester United in the 86th minute in a 1–0 win, leading Everton to their first win at Old Trafford in 21 years. On 25 January 2014, <mask> suffered a broken left leg 18 minutes into the Stevenage vs Everton FA Cup Fourth Round tie. He sustained the injury from a tackle on Stevenage midfielder Simon Heslop, a clean break to both his tibia and fibula. Immediately after the game, speaking to BT Sport, Everton manager Roberto Martínez said "A real negative today is the unfortunate incident and we need to give <mask> as much support as we can now. He's had a terrific season and I've been very impressed with him.He's an important player in the group and he deserves a speedy recovery. The injury to <mask> affected everyone. Those type of injuries leave a sick taste." Everton later confirmed that Oviedo would require surgery to heal a double fracture of his left leg. In May 2014, <mask> said he was unable to recover from his injury in time to be ready for the 2014 World Cup with his national team. <mask> returned

masks:
Bryan Josué Oviedo Jiménez
Oviedo
Oviedo
Oviedo
Oviedo
Oviedo
Bryan
Bryan
Oviedo
Oviedo


texts:
 from injury on 23 September in Everton's 3–0 defeat at Swansea City in the second round of the League Cup; he started the match before being replaced after 58 minutes by James McCarthy. Sunderland
On 30 January 2017, <mask> and former Everton teammate Darron Gibson joined Sunderland on permanent deals; with <mask> penning a three-and-a-half-year deal, taking him up to the summer of 2020; while Gibson signed a one-a-half-year deal to reunite with former manager David Moyes.On 4 February 2017, <mask> made his Sunderland debut in a 4–0 win against Crystal Palace at Selhurst Park. Return to Copenhagen
In July 2019 he re-signed for FC Copenhagen. International career
In 2007, <mask> represented Costa Rica at the CONCACAF U17 Tournament (a precursor to the CONCACAF U17 Championship). <mask> played in all three games, beating Trinidad and Tobago 2–0, drawing 0–0 with Canada and losing 2–1 to United States. Costa Rica finished in second place in Group B and qualifying for the 2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup. <mask> was not selected in the U17 World Cup squad. Two years later <mask> was named in the 2009 CONCACAF U-20 Championship squad.<mask>'s Costa Rica beat Mexico 1–0 in their opening game, drew 0–0 with Trinidad and Tobago and beat Canada 2–1 in the final group stage game. <mask> was not named in the team for the semi-final against Honduras but played in the final where Costa Rica beat USA 3–0. Due to the successful campaign in the U-20 Championship, Costa Rica qualified for the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup. <mask> retained his place in the national under 20 team and was named in the squad for the U-20 World Cup. The U20 World Cup did not get off to the best of starts. <mask> featured in the team in a 5–0 loss to Brazil in Costa Rica's opening game in Group E. In the second game he helped Costa Rica defeat Australia 3–0 and was also named in the team that lost their final group game against Czech Republic 3–2. The three points were enough to qualify and Costa Rica defeated hosts Egypt 2–0 in front of 81,860 in the knock out

masks: Oviedo Oviedo Oviedo Oviedo Oviedo Oviedo Oviedo Oviedo Oviedo Oviedo Oviedo


texts:
 stage.Costa Rica beat United Arab Emirates 2–1 after extra time in the quarter finals and lost to Brazil 1–0 at the semi-final stage. The Costa Ricans met Hungary in the third place playoff where they were defeated on penalties after a 1–1 draw. His debut match with the Costa Rica national team was against Argentina on 26 January 2010. <mask> was named in the Costa Rica national team for the 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup. Costa Rica finished second in Group A after opening with a 5–0 win against Cuba, a 1–1 draw with El Salvador ensuring qualification before losing 4–1 to Mexico in the final group stage game. Costa Rica were knocked out of the competition following a penalty shootout after a 1–1 draw with Honduras. In May 2018 he was named in Costa Rica's 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia.Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list Costa Rica's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Oviedo goal. Honours
Copenhagen
Danish Superliga: 2009–10
Danish Cup: 2010–11, 2011–12

Costa Rica
UNCAF Nations Cup runner-up: 2011

Individual
Danish Cup Player of the Year: 2011–12

Notes

References

External links

Profile at Sunderland A.F.C. 1990 births
Living people
People from San Carlos (canton)
Association football defenders
Costa Rican footballers
Costa Rica international footballers
Costa Rica under-20 international footballers
Costa Rican people of Spanish descent
Deportivo Saprissa players
F.C. Copenhagen players
FC Nordsjælland players
Everton F.C. players
Sunderland A.F.C. players
Liga FPD players
Danish Superliga players
Premier League players
English Football League players
Costa Rican expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Denmark
Expatriate footballers in England
Costa Rican expatriate sportspeople in Denmark
Costa Rican expatriate sportspeople in England
2009 CONCACAF U-20 Championship players
2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
Copa América Centenario players
2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2018 FIFA World Cup players
2019 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2021 CONCACAF Gold


texts:
<mask> (born August 15, 1948) is an American musician. He is a guitarist and vocalist, known principally as a founder, guitarist, lead vocalist and songwriter for the rock group The Doobie Brothers, as well as for his own solo career. He has played off and on with The Doobie Brothers for 50 years, in several styles. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of The Doobie Brothers in 2020. Musical career
<mask> is most well known for both his lead guitar and vocal role in The Doobie Brothers, as well as for his adaptation of his own acoustic guitar style, blending a unique strum and percussive accented rhythm at the same time on one instrument. This style, interwoven with melodic hammer-ons, gave <mask> an early signature sound in popular 1970s rock music. All the rhythm structures behind "Long Train Runnin'" and "Listen to the Music" were formulated first for an acoustic guitar, and then re-applied in similar style on an electric guitar.Early years to 1975
<mask> was born in Visalia, California. His greatest musical influences during his youth included Little Richard, Bo Diddley, Elvis Presley, James Brown, and other rhythm and blues artists featured on the radio in the 1950s. After brief school stints with the saxophone and clarinet, at the age of twelve <mask> took up guitar. He said, "I started out [on] the clarinet at seven, and I played that for eight years. I also played the saxophone for three years, drums for a year and a half, and took up the guitar when I was in the seventh grade. That was pretty much of a rebellion/image trip. But I felt at home on the guitar.I loved the saxophone and played tenor and baritone. But unfortunately, when I hung the clarinet up, I hung up all the reed instruments and just started playing guitar, and I never touched them again. I taught myself guitar and a little piano at home. I played

masks:
Charles Thomas Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston


texts: piano on the first album The Doobie Brothers, and a little harmonica on a few others." In his early career he played in a variety of bands, including a Mexican wedding band that played half soul and half Latin music. His interest in rhythm and blues led to his singing in a soul group from a neighboring town and, eventually, his own blues band. <mask> moved to San Jose to finish college and started playing in bands around town.It was there that he met Skip Spence, a former drummer with Jefferson Airplane, and guitarist/founding member of a group that had a major influence on The Doobie Brothers – Moby Grape. Spence introduced <mask> to John Hartman. <mask> was a graphic design art major at San José State University and wound up living at 285 South 12th Street, which was a musical center for San Jose at the time. "It didn't matter if they played B-3 or drums, guitar, bass, or horns, they all ended up in our basement," <mask> recalls. <mask> and Hartman soon formed their own band, Pud, featuring Greg Murphy on bass. Pud played many clubs in and around San Jose, including the Golden Horn Lounge (which no longer exists) in Cupertino, California. Here they met Pat Simmons.Hartman and <mask> lived in the 12th Street house for about four years; whereupon Dave Shogren joined them to replace Greg Murphy and Pat Simmons was recruited, they had the nucleus of a new band, and Pud gave way to The Doobie Brothers. Throughout much of an initial seven-year and six-album discography, <mask> wrote and sang many of The Doobie Brothers' early hits, including "Listen to the Music" (#11 Top 100 Billboard Hit −1972), "Rockin' Down the Highway," "China Grove" (#15 Billboard Hot 100 Hit), "Long Train Runnin'" (#8 Billboard Hot 100 Hit), "Another Park, Another Sunday" (#32 Billboard Hot 100 Hit), and "Eyes of Silver" (#52 Billboard Hot 100 Hit). He also sang the hit song

masks: Johnston Johnston Johnston Johnston Johnston Johnston Johnston


texts:
 "Take Me in Your Arms" (#11 Billboard Hot 100 Hit −1975) (written by Holland-Dozier-Holland). Mid and solo years 1976–1987

In December 1973, the British music magazine NME reported the relatively trivial news that <mask> had been arrested in California on a charge of marijuana possession. More seriously however, following years of a road touring lifestyle and health issues surrounding stomach ulcers which stood as a challenge since high school, <mask> became severely ill on the eve of a major tour beginning in Memphis, Tennessee in 1975 to promote Stampede. <mask>'s condition was so precarious that he required emergency hospitalization for a bleeding ulcer. With <mask> convalescing and the tour already underway, fellow Doobie Brother Jeff Baxter proposed recruiting a fellow Steely Dan alum to fill the hole.This led to the emergency hiring of Michael McDonald, who became the lead singer of the band. Restored to fitness in 1976 and briefly back in the band, <mask> contributed one original song to Takin' It to the Streets ("Turn It Loose"), and also added a vocal cameo to Pat Simmons' tune "Wheels of Fortune". He also made live appearances with the band in 1976 (appearing in a concert filmed that year at Winterland in San Francisco, excerpts from which appear occasionally on VH1 Classic), but was sidelined once again in the fall due to exhaustion. None of <mask>'s songs appeared on Livin' on the Fault Line, though he had written and the band had recorded five of his compositions for the album. Finally, before Fault Line was released, <mask> had his songs removed and left the band that he co-founded (though he received credit for guitars and vocals and was pictured on the album's inner sleeve band photo). After a few years of restored health but growing differences in musical direction between band members, <mask> finally left the band in 1977 to

masks: Johnston Johnston Johnston Johnston Johnston Johnston Johnston Johnston


texts:
 pursue a solo career that produced two albums with Warner Bros: Everything You've Heard Is True and Still Feels Good (reissued on compact disc by Wounded Bird Records), and Billboard Hot 100 hit "Savannah Nights" (#34 Top 100 Billboard Hit −1980). <mask> toured in the late 1970s and early 1980s with the <mask> Band, which featured fellow Doobie John Hartman on drums.While working on his solo projects, in 1982 <mask> rejoined the band for a farewell tour concert, after which The Doobie Brothers ceased performing as a band for the next five years. In 1985, <mask> toured US clubs with a group called Border Patrol, that also included former Doobies Michael Hossack and briefly Patrick Simmons. This group toured but never recorded. In 1987, he contributed a tune to the Dirty Dancing soundtrack entitled "Where Are You Tonight?" Current years 1987–present

<mask> joined The Doobie Brothers when they reunited for a brief tour in 1987. This event led to the permanent reformation of the band, with <mask> again performing alongside co-founder Simmons. <mask> co-wrote, sang and contributed a signature guitar solo to the group's last major chart hit, "The Doctor" (from 1989's Cycles).This was followed by the album Brotherhood in 1991 which featured four songs by <mask>, and Sibling Rivalry in 2000 featuring the single "People Gotta Love Again". The Doobies' most recent album, 2010's World Gone Crazy, features 13 songs, eight of which were written by <mask> including the album's title track and the first single "Nobody", a rerecording of the band's first single in 1971. With Pat Simmons, <mask> wrote Long Train Runnin': Our Story of The Doobie Brothers (2022). Road and studio gear outfitting
"Mine [first guitar] was an arch-back Harmony acoustic with f-holes. After that I got a Kay single-pickup electric with a cheap amplifier as that's all I could afford. <mask>

masks:
Johnston
Tom Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston


texts: now owns a mid-50s Fender Stratocaster that has been in his collection since the 1970s. He has a 1970 Les Paul Deluxe goldtop with classic white P-90 'soapbar' pickups affixed with an American Flag, that has been his primary Les Paul for 40 years.He also relies upon a 2008 PRS Custom 24 as a touring backup for his primary PRS. His primary touring guitar is a 2009 PRS 25th Anniversary Custom 24. It has a Modern Eagle inlay on the headstock and 57/08 pickups. "I've got a lot of guitars. Basically, everything I use on the road is PRS and that is what I play live. I use two basic guitars live that I trade off and I have a Martin acoustic that I play as well live. It is pretty much all about Paul Reed Smith right now.At home I have a Stratocaster and I have some older guitars I have had for a long time, an old Les Paul, an old 335, a couple Strats and a Telecaster. But live and when I am out on the road, it is strictly PRS." While primarily an electric guitarist, <mask> also plays acoustic guitars for exploration and song writing. He started with a Gibson J-50 which was used to record all acoustic guitar parts on the first four Doobie Brother albums and after it was stolen moved to Martin guitars. In his personal collection are a 1962 Martin 00–18 and a 1975 Martin D-42, and he has written various songs on the 00-18. <mask> uses a variety of software in his home studio for writing, and Digital Performer by MOTU as his recording software program. <mask> has employed traditionally a three finger Clapton-Hendrix lead fingerstyle, only using all four fingers for barre chords.He said, "I use my little finger to play chords, but not for playing solos. The direction in which I bend a string depends on where the string I'm bending is on the neck. The lower strings are going to be pulled down, and the high strings are going to be pushed up. I use a lot of

masks: Johnston Johnston Johnston


texts:
 vibrato when I play solo. And for picking, it has to be up and down if you want to do a lot of speed. It's also better for clarity. Anything faster than quarter notes, you either have to use alternating picking or play with a regular flatpick and fingers."<mask> has traditionally employed Herco Nylon Flex 50 flatpicks (old "Herco mediums"), allowing for the right combination of flex and durability for his chukka-style rhythm. He said "I always use Herco medium because they don't break, and they take forever to wear out. Actually the worst thing you can do with a Herco is lose it. They are easy to hold on to as well and I do sweat a lot playing live. In fact, I usually eat the nickel off the strings right down to the brass (circa 1976)." In 2007 C.F. Martin & Co. released a limited run of 35 Tom Johnston Signature Edition Doobie-42 Artist Edition guitars, and Elderly Music Tom Johnston Doobie 42.Personal life

<mask> and his wife Diane now live in northern Marin County, California. His daughter <mask> is a singer-songwriter. She has toured both as a solo act opening for the bands KISS and Heart, and as a backing vocalist for Don Henley and Belinda Carlisle. She was a competitor on MTV's Rock the Cradle and was a 2011 participant in American Idol. <mask>'s son Christopher lives and works in Marin. Billboard #100)
Still Feels Good (1981) (U.S. Billboard #158)
"Where Are You Tonight" (1987) - Soundtrack to the Motion Picture "Dirty Dancing"

References

External links

<mask>

1948 births
Living people
The Doobie Brothers members
People from Visalia, California
American rock guitarists
American male guitarists
American rock singers
American rock songwriters
American male singer-songwriters
Lead guitarists
Singer-songwriters from California
Guitarists from California
San Jose State University alumni
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American

masks:
Johnston
Johnston
Lara Johnston
Tom Johnston
Lara Johnston


texts: <mask> (; born 31 January 1956), also known by his stage name <mask>, is an English-born singer and songwriter who also holds American and Irish citizenship. He is best known as the lead singer of the late-1970s British punk band the Sex Pistols, which lasted from 1975 until 1978, and again for various revivals during the 1990s and 2000s. He is also the lead singer of post-punk band Public Image Ltd (PiL), which he founded and fronted from 1978 until 1993, and again since 2009. Lydon's outspoken personality, rebellious image and fashion style led to his being asked to become the singer of the Sex Pistols by their manager, Malcolm McLaren. With the Sex Pistols, he penned singles including "Anarchy in the U.K.", "God Save the Queen", "Pretty Vacant" and "Holidays in the Sun", the content of which precipitated what one commentator described as the 'last and greatest outbreak of pop-based moral pandemonium' in Britain. The band scandalised much of the media, and Lydon was seen as a figurehead of the burgeoning punk movement. Because of their controversial lyrics and disrepute at the time, they are regarded as one of the most influential acts in the history of popular music.After the Sex Pistols disbanded in 1978, <mask> founded his own band,

masks:
John Joseph Lydon
Johnny Rotten
Lydon


texts:
 Public Image Ltd, which was far more experimental in nature and described in a 2005 review by NME as 'arguably the first post-rock group'. The band produced eight albums and a string of singles, including "Public Image", "Death Disco", and "Rise", before they went on hiatus in 1993, reforming in 2009. In subsequent years, Lydon has hosted television series in the UK, US, and Belgium, 2004 appeared on I'm a Celebrity ... Get Me Out of Here! in the UK, appeared in advertisements on UK television promoting Country Life, a brand of British butter, written two autobiographies, and produced solo musical work, such as the album Psycho's Path (1997). In 2005, he released a compilation album, The Best of British £1 Notes. In 2015, there was a revival of a 1980s movement to have Lydon knighted for his achievements with the Sex Pistols, although he has declined efforts to award him an MBE for his services to music. Q magazine remarked that 'somehow he's assumed the status of national treasure'.In 2002, he was named among the 100 Greatest Britons following a UK-wide vote. Early life

<mask> <mask> was born in London on 31 January 1956. His parents, Eileen Lydia (née Barry) who died in 1978, and <mask> <mask>, were working-class emigrants from

masks:
John Joseph
Lydon
John Christopher
Lydon


texts: Ireland who moved into a two-room Victorian flat in Benwell Road, in the Holloway area of north London. The flat is adjacent to the Highbury Stadium, the former home of Premier League football club Arsenal F.C. of which Lydon has been an avid fan since the age of four. At the time, the area was largely impoverished, with a high crime rate and a population consisting predominantly of working-class Irish and Jamaican people. Lydon spent summer holidays in his mother's native County Cork, where he suffered name-calling for having an English accent, a prejudice he claims he still receives today even though he travels under an Irish passport.In his autobiography, Rotten – No Irish, No Blacks, No Dogs, <mask> wrote of being from an Irish background in London in the 1960s: "Londoners had no choice but to accept the Irish because there were so many of us, and we do blend in better than the Jamaicans. When I was very young and going to school, I remember bricks thrown at me by English parents... We were the Irish scum. But it's fun being scum, too." <mask>, the eldest of four brothers, had to look after his siblings due to his mother's regular illnesses. As a child, he lived on the edge of an industrial estate and would often play with friends in

masks: Lydon Lydon


texts: the factories when they were closed. He belonged to a local gang of neighbourhood children and would often end up in fights with other groups, something he would later look back on with fond memories: "Hilarious fiascoes, not at all like the knives and guns of today. The meanness wasn't there.It was more like yelling, shouting, throwing stones, and running away giggling. Maybe the reality was coloured by my youth." Describing himself as a "very shy" and "very retiring" kid who was "nervous as hell", he hated going to school, where he would get caned as punishment and where he "had several embarrassing incidents ... I would shit my pants and be too scared to ask the teacher to leave the class. I'd sit there in a pants load of poo all day long." At the age of seven, Lydon contracted spinal meningitis and spent a year in St Ann's Hospital in Haringey, London. Throughout the entire experience, he suffered from hallucinations, nausea, headaches, periods of coma, and a severe memory loss that lasted for four years, whilst the treatments administered by the nurses involved drawing fluid out of his spine with a surgical needle, leaving him with a permanent spinal curvature.The meningitis was responsible for giving him what he would later


texts: describe as the "Lydon stare"; this experience was "the first step that put me on the road to Rotten". With his father often away, employed variously on building sites or oil rigs, Lydon got his first job aged ten as a minicab dispatcher, something he kept up for a year while the family was in financial difficulty. He disliked his secondary school, the St. William of York Roman Catholic School in Islington, where initially, he was bullied, but at fourteen or fifteen he "broke out of the mould" and began to fight back at what he saw as the oppressive nature of the school teachers, who he felt instigated and encouraged the children to all be the same and be "anti-anyone-who-doesn't-quite-fit-the-mould." Following the completion of his O-levels at school, he got into a row with his father, who disliked Lydon's long hair, and so, agreeing to get it cut, the teenager not only had it cut, but in an act of rebellion, he dyed it bright green. As a teenager, he listened to rock bands like Hawkwind, Captain Beefheart, Alice Cooper, and the Stooges – bands his mother also used to like, which somewhat embarrassed him – as well as more mainstream acts such as T. Rex and Gary Glitter. Lydon was kicked out of school at age fifteen after a run-in with a


texts:
 teacher, and went on to attend Hackney College, where he befriended <mask> Ritchie, before attending Kingsway College. Lydon gave Ritchie the nickname "Sid Vicious", after his parents' pet hamster.<mask> and Vicious began squatting in a house in the Hampstead area with a group of ageing hippies and stopped bothering to go to college, which was often far away from where they were living. Meanwhile, he began working on building sites during the summer, assisted by his father. Friends recommended him for a job at a children's play centre in Finsbury Park, teaching woodwork to some of the older children, but he was sacked when parents complained that somebody "weird" with bright-green hair was teaching their children. <mask> and his friends, including Vicious, <mask>, Jah Wobble, Dave Crowe and Tony Purcell, began going to many of the London clubs, such as the Lacy Lady in Seven Kings, and frequented both reggae and gay clubs, enjoying the latter because "you could be yourself, nobody bothered you" there. Lydon during this stage of his life was described by Vicious as "the vilest geezer I ever met – all misshapen, no 'air, 'unchback, flat feet." Career

1975–78: Sex Pistols and the punk movement

In 1975, Lydon was among a group of youths

masks:
John Simon
Lydon
Lydon
John Gray


texts: who regularly hung around Malcolm McLaren and Vivienne Westwood's fetish clothing shop SEX. McLaren had returned from a brief stint travelling with American protopunk band the New York Dolls, and he was working on promoting a new band formed by Steve Jones, Glen Matlock and Paul Cook called the Sex Pistols.McLaren was impressed with <mask>'s ragged look and unique sense of style, particularly his orange hair and modified Pink Floyd T-shirt (with the band members' eyes scratched out and the words I Hate scrawled in felt-tip pen above the band's logo). After tunelessly singing Alice Cooper's "I'm Eighteen" to the accompaniment of the shop's jukebox, <mask> was chosen as the band's frontman. In 1977, the band released "God Save the Queen" during the week of Queen Elizabeth II's Silver Jubilee. At the time, August 1977, Lydon commented: "Turn the other cheek too often and you get a razor through it." Lydon was interested in dub music. McLaren was said to have been upset when Lydon revealed during a radio interview that his influences included progressive experimentalists like Magma, Can, Captain Beefheart and Van der Graaf Generator. Tensions between Lydon and bassist Glen Matlock arose.The reasons for this are disputed, but <mask> claimed

masks: Lydon Lydon Lydon


texts: in his autobiography that he believed Matlock to be too white-collar and middle-class and that Matlock was "always going on about nice things like the Beatles". Matlock stated in his own autobiography that most of the tension in the band, and between himself and Lydon, was orchestrated by McLaren. Matlock quit and as a replacement, Lydon recommended his school friend <mask> Ritchie, who used the stage name Sid Vicious. Although Ritchie was an incompetent bassist, McLaren agreed that he had the look the band wanted: pale, emaciated, spike-haired, with ripped clothes and a perpetual sneer. In 1977, the Sex Pistols released their only and highly influential studio album Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols. Vicious' chaotic relationship with girlfriend Nancy Spungen, and his worsening heroin addiction, caused a great deal of friction among the band members, particularly with Lydon, whose sarcastic remarks often exacerbated the situation. Lydon closed the final Sid Vicious-era Sex Pistols concert in San Francisco's Winterland in January 1978 with a rhetorical question to the audience: "Ever get the feeling you've been cheated?"Shortly thereafter, McLaren, Jones, and Cook went to Brazil to meet and record with former train robber


texts:
 Ronnie Biggs. Lydon declined to go, deriding the concept as a whole and feeling that they were attempting to make a hero out of a criminal who attacked a train driver and stole "working-class money". The Sex Pistols' disintegration was documented in Julian Temple's satirical pseudo-biographical film, The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle, in which Jones, Cook and Vicious each played a character. Matlock only appeared in previously recorded live footage and as an animation and did not participate personally. Lydon refused to have anything to do with it, feeling that McLaren had far too much control over the project. Although Lydon was highly critical of the film, many years later he agreed to let Temple direct the Sex Pistols documentary The Filth and the Fury, a film that included new interviews with the band members' faces hidden in silhouette, and also featured an uncharacteristically emotional Lydon choking up as he discussed Vicious' decline and death. Lydon had previously denounced previous journalistic works regarding the Sex Pistols in the introduction to his autobiography, Rotten – No Irish, No Blacks, No Dogs, which he described as "as close to the truth as one can get".1978–93: Public Image Ltd (PiL)

In 1978, <mask> formed the


texts:
 post-punk outfit Public Image Ltd (PiL). The first lineup of the band included bassist Jah Wobble and former Clash guitarist Keith Levene. They released the albums Public Image: First Issue (1978), Metal Box (1979) and the live album Paris au Printemps (1980). Wobble left and <mask> and Levene made The Flowers of Romance (1981). This was followed by This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get (1984) featuring Martin Atkins on drums (he had also appeared on Metal Box and The Flowers of Romance); it featured their biggest hit, "This Is Not a Love Song", which hit No. 5 in the UK Singles Chart in 1983.In 1983, Lydon co-starred with Harvey Keitel in the film Copkiller, also released as Corrupt and The Order of Death. He later had a small role in the 2000 film The Independent. In 1984, <mask> worked with Time Zone on their single "World Destruction". A collaboration between <mask> Bambaataa and producer/bassist Bill Laswell, this was an early example of "rap rock", along with Run-DMC. The song appears on Bambaataa's 1997 compilation album Zulu Groove, and was arranged by Laswell after <mask> and Bambaataa had acknowledged respect for each other's work, as described in an interview from 1984:

The single featured Bernie Worrell, Nicky

masks: Lydon Lydon Lydonfrika Lydon


texts:
 Skopelitis and Aïyb Dieng, all of whom would later play on PiL's Album; Laswell played bass and produced. In 1986, Public Image Ltd released Album (also known as Compact Disc and Cassette depending on the format). Most of the tracks on were written by <mask> and Bill Laswell, and the musicians were session musicians including bassist Jonas Hellborg, guitarist Steve Vai and Cream drummer Ginger Baker.In 1987, a new line-up was formed consisting of <mask>, former Siouxsie and the Banshees guitarist <mask>, Allan Dias on bass guitar in addition to drummer Bruce Smith and Lu Edmunds. This line-up released Happy? and all except Lu Edmunds released the album 9 in 1989. In 1992, <mask>, Dias and McGeoch were joined by Curt Bisquera on drums and Gregg Arreguin on rhythm guitar for the album That What Is Not, which featured the Tower of Power horns on two songs and Jimmie Wood on harmonica. <mask>, McGeoch and Dias wrote the song "Criminal" for the film Point Break. After this album, in 1993, Lydon put PiL on indefinite hiatus. 1993–2006: Solo album, autobiography and celebrity status
In 1993, Lydon's first autobiography, Rotten: No Irish, No Blacks, No Dogs, was published.Aided by Keith and Kent Zimmerman, and featuring contributions from

masks:
Lydon
Lydon
John McGeoch
Lydon
Lydon


texts: figures including Paul Cook, Chrissie Hynde, Billy Idol and Don Letts, the work covered his life up until the collapse of the Sex Pistols. Describing the book, he stated that it "is as close to the truth as one can get, looking back on events from the inside. All the people in this book were actually there, and this book is as much their point of view as it is mine. This means contradictions and insults have not been edited, and neither have the compliments, if any. I have no time for lies or fantasy, and neither should you. Enjoy or die." In December 2005, <mask> told Q that he was working on a second autobiography to cover the PiL years.In the mid-1990s, Lydon hosted Rotten Day, a daily syndicated US radio feature written by George Gimarc. The format of the show was a look back at events in popular music and culture occurring on the particular broadcast calendar date about which Lydon would offer cynical commentary. The series was originally developed as a radio vehicle for Gimarc's book, Punk Diary 1970–79, but after bringing Lydon onboard, it was expanded to cover notable events from most of the second half of the 20th century. In 1997, Lydon released a solo album on Virgin Records called Psycho's Path. He wrote all the songs and


texts: played all the instruments; for one song ("Sun"), he sang the vocals through a toilet roll. The US version included a Chemical Brothers remix of the song "Open Up" by Leftfield with vocals by Lydon, which was a club hit in the US and a big hit in the UK. Lydon has recorded a second solo album but it has not been released, except for one song that appeared on The Best of British £1 Notes.In November 1997, Lydon appeared on Judge Judy fighting a suit filed by his former tour drummer Robert Williams for breach of contract, assault and battery. In January 2004, Lydon appeared on the British reality television programme I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!, which took place in Australia. He proved he still had the capability to shock by calling the show's viewers "fucking cunts" during a live broadcast. The television regulator and ITV, the channel broadcasting the show, between them received only 91 complaints about Lydon's language. In a February 2004 interview with the Scottish Sunday Mirror, Lydon said that he and his wife "should be dead", since on 21 December 1988, thanks to delays caused by his wife's packing, they missed the Pan Am Flight 103 that was blown up over Lockerbie, Scotland. After I'm a Celebrity ... , he presented a


texts:
 documentary about insects and spiders called <mask>'s Megabugs which was shown on the Discovery Channel. Radio Times described him as "more an enthusiast than an expert".He went to present two further programmes: <mask> Goes Ape, in which he searched for gorillas in Central Africa; and <mask>'s Shark Attack, in which he swam with sharks off South Africa. In late 2008, <mask> appeared in an advertising campaign for 'Country Life' butter, on British television. Lydon defended the move by stating that the main reason he accepted the offer was to raise money to reform Public Image Ltd without a record deal. The advertising campaign proved to be highly successful, with sales of the brand raising 85% in the quarter following, which many in the media attributed to <mask>'s presence in the advert. 2006–09: Potential Sex Pistols revival

Although Lydon spent years denying that the Sex Pistols would ever perform together again, the band re-united (with Matlock returning on bass) in the 1990s, and continue to perform occasionally. In 2002, the year of Queen Elizabeth's Golden Jubilee, the Sex Pistols reformed again to play the Crystal Palace National Sports Centre in London. In 2003, their 'Piss Off Tour' took them around North America for three

masks:
John Lydon
John Lydon
John Lydon
Lydon
Lydon


texts:
 weeks.Further performances took place in Europe from 2007–08. In 2006, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducted the Sex Pistols, but the band refused to attend the ceremony or acknowledge the induction, complaining that they had been asked for large sums of money to attend. 2009-present: Public Image Limited reformation

In September 2009, it was announced that PiL would reform, including earlier members Bruce Smith and Lu Edmonds, for a number of Christmas concerts in the UK. Lydon financed the reunion using money he earned doing a UK television commercial for Country Life butter. Lydon commented "The money that I earned from that has now gone completely — lock stock and barrel — into reforming PiL". In August 2010, Lydon played with Public Image Ltd. in Tel Aviv, Israel despite protests. Lydon was criticised for giving a statement to The Independent newspaper, in which he said: "I really resent the presumption that I'm going there to play to right-wing Nazi Jews.If Elvis-fucking-Costello wants to pull out of a gig in Israel because he's suddenly got this compassion for Palestinians, then good on him. But I have absolutely one rule, right? Until I see an Arab country, a Muslim country, with a democracy, I won't understand how anyone can


texts: have a problem with how they're treated." In October 2013, <mask> clarified in an interview. During an April 2013 tour of Australia, <mask> was involved in a television interview for The Project that resulted in a publicised controversy, as he was labelled "a flat out, sexist, misogynist pig" by one of the panellists on the Australian programme. The altercation occurred with host Carrie Bickmore, and the description was provided by panellist Andrew Rochford after the interview was prematurely terminated by Bickmore's colleague Dave Hughes. <mask> conducted the interview from Brisbane while on PiL's first tour of Australia in twenty years — first announced in December 2012 — during which concerts were held in the capital cities of Sydney and Melbourne.<mask> was cast to play the role of King Herod for the North American arena tour of Andrew Lloyd Webber's rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar. He was to play the role starting 9 June through 17 August, and be joined by Ben Forster as Jesus, Brandon Boyd of rock band Incubus as Judas Iscariot, Destiny's Child singer Michelle Williams as Mary Magdalene, and former 'N Sync singer JC Chasez as Pontius Pilate. On 31 May 2014, the producers announced that the tour of the production was cancelled,

masks: Lydon Lydon Lydon Lydon


texts:
 because of poor advance ticket sales. A compilation of Lydon's lyrics, Mr. Rotten's Songbook, was published in 2017. The limited-edition book includes the words to every song he wrote during his entire career, punctuated by his own original sketches and cartoons. In 2021, Lydon competed in season six of The Masked Singer as the wild card contestant "Jester" which was the show's second human character after Larry the Cable Guy's wild card character "Baby". He was eliminated alongside Natasha Bedingfield as "Pepper".Origin of stage name
<mask> explained the origin of his stage name, <mask>, in a Daily Telegraph feature interview in 2007: he was given the name in the mid-1970s, when his lack of oral hygiene led to his teeth turning green. One version says the name came from the Sex Pistols' guitarist Steve Jones, who saw Lydon's teeth and exclaimed, "You're rotten, you are!" In 2008, Lydon had extensive dental work performed in Los Angeles, at a reported cost of US$22,000. He explained that it was not done out of vanity: "It was necessity ... all those rotten teeth were seriously beginning to corrupt my system". Personal life
Lydon has been married to Nora Forster, a publishing heiress from Germany, since 1976. He was the stepfather of

masks:
Lydon
Johnny Rotten


texts: Forster's daughter Ari Up. In 2000, Lydon and Nora became legal guardians of Ari's twin teenaged boys; as Lydon explained "[Ari] let them run free.They couldn't read, write or form proper sentences. One day Ari said she couldn't cope with them any more. I suggested they came to us because I wasn't having them abandoned. They gave us hell, but I loved having kids around." In 2010, they became guardians of Ari's third child, Wilton. Lydon and Forster primarily live in Venice, California where they have resided since the early 1980s, but keep a residence in London. In 2018, Lydon revealed that Forster was in the mid-stages of Alzheimer's disease.In June 2020, Lydon said that he had become full-time carer for his wife as her condition has been deteriorating. "Nora has Alzheimer's... I am her full-time carer and I won't let anyone mess up with her. For me, the real person is still there. That person I love is still there every minute of every day and that is my life. It's unfortunate that she forgets things, well, don't we all? I suppose her condition is one of like a permanent hangover for her.It gets worse and worse, bits of the brain store less and less memory and then suddenly some bits completely vanish.” Lydon said experts were


texts:
 impressed with how she
remembers him saying "a bit of love goes a long way" and that he has no intentions to put her in a care home despite the strain her illness has on both their lives. Lydon has been a fan of Oscar Wilde since he studied his works at school, when he came to the conclusion that "his stuff was fucking brilliant. What an attitude to life!...he turned out to be the biggest poof on earth at a time when that was completely unacceptable. What a genius." Lydon is a visual artist. His drawings, paintings and other related works have featured prominently in the works of PiL and his solo career throughout the years, the most recent example being the cover to This is PiL. In 2014 he admitted to spending £10,000 on iPad games.Citizenship
Lydon became an American citizen in 2013, in addition to his British and Irish citizenships. He later spoke of how he would never have considered becoming a US citizen during the "Bush years" because of the "horrible" way America presented itself abroad, but the Obama presidency had changed his mind, in particular because "America has the potential to be a nation that actually cares for its afflicted and wounded and ill and disenfranchised" as a result of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care


texts:
 Act ("Obamacare"). Religious views
Lydon's parents raised their sons as Roman Catholics and Lydon identifies as a Catholic. However, he is openly critical of the Catholic Church, particularly the sexual abuse cases, going so far as to call for legal action against the Pope. He has stated that he "never had any godlike epiphanies or thought that God had anything to do with this dismal occurrence called life". On the liner notes of Public Image Ltd's single, "Cruel", Lydon included, 'Where is God? I see no evidence of God.God is probably Barry Manilow.' Political and social criticism

United Kingdom's class structure
Since his rise to public attention, Lydon has remained an outspoken critic of much in British politics and society. He comes from an emigrant working class background and is opposed to the class system, describing how private schools "tend to turn out little snobs. They're taught a sense of superiority, which is the kiss of death ... They're absolutely screwed up for life." He is critical of the upper class, stating that they "parasite off the population as their friends help them along" but he equally criticises the working class, claiming that "We're lazy, good-for-nothing bastards, absolute cop-outs [who] never accept


texts:
 responsibility for our own lives and that's why we'll always be downtrodden." He opposes all forms of segregation in schools, not only through the private and state school division but also with single-sex schools: "It doesn't make sense.It's a much better environment with girls in the class. You learn a lot more, as diversity makes things more interesting." The Troubles, 1969–1994
Lydon criticised the paramilitary organisations involved in The Troubles in Northern Ireland, remarking that the Provisional Irish Republican Army and the Ulster Defence Association were "like two mafia gangs punching each other out ... They both run their extortion rackets and plague people to no end." He remarked that "The Northern Ireland problem is a terrible thing, and it's only the ignorance of the people living outside of it that keeps it going" but that ultimately the British government's exploitative attitude to the problem was in his opinion the main cause. Anarchism
Despite the fact that he wrote and sang "Anarchy in the U.K." with the Sex Pistols, Lydon said that he was not an anarchist, calling it "mind games for the middle-class". Banking and the 2008 global financial crisis
Appearing on the BBC's Question Time on 5 July 2012, Lydon questioned


texts:
 the notion of a parliamentary inquiry into the banking industry, saying "How on earth is Parliament going to discuss this really when both sides, left and right, are connected to this?This doesn't just go back to Brown, this is part of the ongoing problem. Mr Diamond comes from Wall Street ... hello. Both parties love this idea. They are fiddling with rates. They are affecting the world and everything we used to count on as being dependable and accurate is being discussed by these argumentative chaps. If I nick a motor I'm going to be up before the judge, the rozzers. Hello, same thing."Institutions of the United Kingdom
On the same episode of Question Time, Lydon was critical of the announcement that the British Army was to be reduced in size, saying: "One of the most beautiful things about Britain, apart from the [National Health Service] and the free education, is the British Army." He has been a supporter of the NHS since receiving treatment for meningitis aged 7, stating in 2014: "I want national health and education to always be of the highest agenda and I do not mind paying tax for that." Pacifism
Lydon describes himself as a "pacifist by nature" and expresses admiration for Mahatma Gandhi. Gay marriage
Lydon expressed his view on


texts:
 gay couples raising children in a 10 February 2005 interview on the BBC's Sunday morning religious programme The Heaven and Earth Show. Lydon said, "I don't like the idea of one-parent families. It's very tough on the kids. They grow up missing something.I find the same with same-sex marriages; there is something missing. There is a point to male and female – and for a child to develop, it needs both those aspects." Jimmy Savile abuse scandal
In a 1978 BBC Radio 1 interview, Lydon alluded to the sexual abuses committed by Jimmy Savile, and mainstream social forces' suppression of negative information about him, decades before it became a public scandal. Lydon stated: "I'd like to kill Jimmy Savile; I think he's a hypocrite. I bet he's into all kinds of seediness that we all know about, but are not allowed to talk about. I know some rumours." He added: "I bet none of this will be allowed out."After the interviewer suggested libel might be an issue, Lydon replied, "Nothing I've said is libel." As Lydon predicted, the comment was edited out by the BBC before broadcast. The complete interview was included as a bonus track on a rerelease of Public Image: First Issue in 2013, after Savile's death. In October 2014, Lydon said that "[b]y killed


texts:
 I meant locking him up and stopping him assaulting young children ... I'm disgusted at the media pretending they weren't aware." Lydon claimed that the BBC blacklisted him following the interview, and remained "very, very bitter that the likes of Savile and the rest of them were allowed to continue." UK politics and the European Union
Lydon publicly supported the United Kingdom remaining in the European Union during the referendum on EU membership in June 2016, stating that being outside of the European Union would be "insane and suicidal" for the United Kingdom, "We're never going to go back to that romantic delusion of Victorian isolation, it isn't going to happen.There'll be no industry, there'll be no trade, there'll be nothing – a slow dismal, collapse. It's ludicrous." During an interview on Good Morning Britain in March 2017, <mask> stated that he had changed his mind and supported Brexit: "Well, here it goes, the working-class have spoke and I'm one of them and I'm with them." Lydon described Brexit advocate Nigel Farage as "fantastic" and that he wanted to shake his hand after his altercation on the River Thames with anti-Brexit campaigner Bob Geldof. In 2020, <mask> reiterated his personal support for Farage during another


texts:
 interview on Good Morning Britain. In a 2021 interview with the Yorkshire Post, Lydon said that he previously voted for the Labour Party as a young man due to coming from a working class background, but stated "I do not recognise them any more" and accused contemporary British and American media of "walking hand in glove with left-wing politics". Lydon has also expressed disdain for Labour Prime Minister Tony Blair and described former Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn as a "racist, prejudiced bastard" in response to the allegations of antisemitism in the Labour Party.American politics
Lydon became a U.S. citizen in 2013 because he "believed in Barack Obama" and his health care reform, on which he states, "his healthcare thing didn't quite work out what we all want, but there is a great potential there. Now we're looking at dismantling and, you know, [a] crazy loony monster party." Before Donald Trump was elected President of the United States, Lydon said, in response to questions about his prospects: "No, I can't see it happening, it's a minority that support him at best, and it's so hateful and ignorant." In 2017, though, he said "I'm up for anyone shaking up the jaded world of politicians". During a Good Morning Britain interview in March


texts: 2017, Lydon described Trump as a "complicated fellow" who "terrifies politicians". Lydon said that there were "many, many problems with (Trump) as a human being" but defended him against accusations of racism: "What I dislike is the left-wing media in America are trying to smear the bloke as a racist and that's completely not true." He elaborated to NPR: "He's a total cat amongst the pigeons ... [He's] got everybody now involving themselves in a political way.And I've been struggling for years to get people to wake up and do that." In 2018, Lydon was photographed wearing a shirt that read Make America Great Again. In October 2020, Lydon told the BBC's Newsday programme, "Yes, of course, I'm voting for Trump ... I don't want a politician running this world anymore." A month later, during an interview on Good Morning Britain, Lydon confirmed he had voted for Trump in the then-upcoming Presidential Election, describing Trump's Democratic opponent Joe Biden and his 2016 Democratic opponent Hillary Clinton as champagne socialists. He also described his support for Trump as stemming from his background as a working class Englishman and accused the US media of being dominated by liberal ideology, but "liberal with the truth" and claimed "they


texts:
 toe the line of the Democrat party by assumption that they know what's best, yet they don't know nothing about blue collar workers, Latinos, African-Americans in or outside of large cities." Israel and BDS
Lydon has expressed opposition to the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement.In 2010, when Elvis Costello and Roger Waters announced their intention to cancel performances in Israel and boycott the country, Lydon elected to continue with a Public Image Ltd concert in Tel Aviv. When asked about his decision in an interview with The Independent Lydon remarked "if Elvis-fucking-Costello wants to pull out of a gig in Israel because he's suddenly got this compassion for Palestinians, then good on him. But I have absolutely one rule, right? Until I see an Arab country, a Muslim country, with a democracy, I won't understand how anyone can have a problem with how they're treated." Books
 <mask>, <mask> (1993). Rotten: No Irish, No Blacks, No Dogs. Hodder & Stoughton
 With Andrew Bolton (2013).Punk: Chaos to Couture Yale University Press
 <mask>, <mask> (2014). Anger Is an Energy: My Life Uncensored. Simon & Schuster
<mask>, <mask> (2020) I Could Be Wrong, I Could Be Right. A Way With Media, limited print run of 10,000 by mail order

masks: Lydon John Lydon John Lydon John


texts:
 only. ISBN 978-1910469279 www.johnlydon.com

Discography
All chart positions are UK. Sex Pistols
Studio albums
 Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols (Virgin, 1977) No. 1

Compilations and live albums
 The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle (Virgin, 1979)
 Some Product: Carri on Sex Pistols (Virgin, 1979)
 Flogging a Dead Horse (Virgin,1980)
 Kiss This (Virgin, 1992)
 Never Mind the Bollocks / Spunk (aka This is Crap) (Virgin, 1996)
 Filthy Lucre Live (Virgin, 1996)
 The Filth and the Fury (Virgin, 2000)
 Jubilee (Virgin, 2002)
 Sex Pistols Box Set (Virgin, 2002)

Singles
 "Anarchy in the UK" – 1976 No.38
 "God Save the Queen" – 1977 No. 2
 "Pretty Vacant" – 1977 No. 6
 "Holidays in the Sun" – 1977 No. 8
 "(I'm Not Your) Stepping Stone" – 1980 No. 21
 "Anarchy in the UK" (re-issue) – 1992 No. 33
 "Pretty Vacant" (live) – 1996 No. 18
 "God Save the Queen" (re-issue) – 2002 No.15

Public Image Ltd
Studio albums
 Public Image: First Issue (Virgin, 1978), No. 22
 Metal Box (a.k.a. Second Edition) (Virgin, 1979) #18, US No. 171
 The Flowers of Romance (Virgin, 1981) #11, US No. 114
 Commercial Zone (PiL Records, 1983)
 This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get (Virgin, 1984)
 Album (Virgin, 1986)
 Happy? (Virgin, 1987)
 9 (Virgin,


texts:
 1989)
 That What Is Not (Virgin, 1992)
 This is PiL (PiL Official, 2012)
 What the World Needs Now... (PiL Official, 2015)

Compilations and live albums
 Paris au Printemps (Virgin, 1980)
 Live in Tokyo (Virgin, 1983)
 The Greatest Hits, So Far (Virgin, 1990)
 Plastic Box (Virgin, 1999)
 The Public Image is Rotten - Songs from the Heart (Virgin, 2018)

Singles
 "Public Image" – 1978 No.9
 "Death Disco" – 1979 No. 20
 "Memories" – 1979 No. 60
 "Flowers of Romance" – 1981 No. 24
 "This Is Not a Love Song" – 1983 No. 5
 "Bad Life" – 1984 No. 71
 "Rise" – 1986 No. 11
 "Home" – 1986 No.75
 "Seattle" – 1987 No. 47
 "The Body" – 1987 No. 100
 "Disappointed" – 1989 No. 38
 "Don't Ask Me" – 1990 No. 22
 "Cruel" – 1992 No. 49
 "One Drop" – 2012
 "Out of the Woods"/"Reggie Song" - 2012
 "Double Trouble" – 2015

Solo
Studio albums
 Psycho's Path (Virgin, 1997)

Compilations
 The Best of British £1 Notes (Lydon, PiL & Sex Pistols) (Virgin/EMI, 2005)

Singles
 "Open Up" (with Leftfield) – 1993 – No. 11
 "Sun" – 1997 – No.42

Filmography

Television

Footnotes

References

External links

1956 births
Living people
20th-century English painters
20th-century English singers
21st-century American painters
21st-century American singers
21st-century


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 English painters
21st-century English singers
21st-century male artists
American alternative rock musicians
American lyricists
American male film actors
American male painters
American male singer-songwriters
American people of Irish descent
American punk rock singers
American singer-songwriters
British alternative rock musicians
British emigrants to the United States
British post-punk musicians
English lyricists
English male film actors
English male painters
English male singer-songwriters
English people of Irish descent
English punk rock singers
English television personalities
The Golden Palominos members
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (British TV series) participants
Male actors from London
Musicians from London
NME Awards winners
People from Finsbury Park
People from Holloway, London
People from Venice, Los Angeles
People with acquired American citizenship
Public Image Ltd members
Sex Pistols members
Singers from


texts:
<mask>, 11th Duke of Atholl (19 January 1929 – 15 May 2012), was a South African-born hereditary peer of the Peerage of Scotland, hereditary Clan Chief of Clan Murray, and Colonel-in-Chief of the Atholl Highlanders. As Duke of Atholl, he commanded the only legal private army in Europe. He acceded as the 11th duke on 27 February 1996, succeeding his second cousin, once removed, The 10th Duke of Atholl. Early life
The Duke was born in Johannesburg, South Africa, as the only child of Major George Murray (Blithfield, Staffordshire, 20 November 1884 - Pretoria, 21 June 1940) and wife (Seaford, East Sussex, 17 January 1928) Joan (Johannesburg, Transvaal Colony, 23 June 1902 - 2000), daughter of William Edward Eastwood (Bradford, West Yorkshire, 7 September 1862 - Mooi River, 14 February 1946) and wife (12 July 1895) Edith Caroline Bidwell (25 March 1870 - 1963), paternal granddaughter of <mask> (Yorkshire, 1831 - ? ), manager of the Bradford Old Bank Ltd., and wife ... and maternal granddaughter of Henry William Bidwell (Norwich, Norfolk, 1830 - Uitenhage, Cape Colony, 17 January 1899) and wife (Shoreditch, London, Middlesex, April / June 1859) Mary Elizabeth White. His father was killed on active service in the Second World War. He was paternal grandson of the Rev.Douglas Stuart Murray (Southfleet, Kent, 28 May 1853 - London, Middlesex, 19 March 1920), Rector of Blithfield, Staffordshire, and wife (Wigan, Manchester, Lancashire, 22 April 1879) Harriet Georgina Isabel Bridgeman (Brighton, East Sussex, 7 December 1853 - London, Middlesex, 11 November 1921). He was son of the Rev. George Edward Murray (Isle of Man, 1 September 1818 - Southfleet, Kent, 14 September 1854) and wife (Bath, Somerset, 18 July 1848) Penelope Frances Elizabeth Austin (Durham, County Durham, 4 October 1829 - Bath, Somerset, 5 October

masks:
John Murray
John William Eastwood


texts:
 1910) (daughter of Brigadier-General <mask> and wife (Llanelly, later Llanelli, Carmarthen, Carmarthenshire, Wales, 12 July 1828) Margaret Pemberton, daughter of Richard Pemberton and wife Elizabeth Jackson) and she was daughter of the Rev. Hon. George Thomas Orlando Bridgeman (21 August 1823 - Wigan, Manchester, Lancashire, 25 November 1895), son of the 2nd Earl of Bradford, and wife (25 June 1850) Emily Mary Bagot (? - 13 December 1853), daughter of the Rt. Rev.Hon. Richard Bagot, Bishop of Oxford and Bishop of Bath and Wells. He was, in turn, son of the Rt. Rev. George Murray, Bishop of Rochester, who was the son of Lord George Murray, the second son of The 3rd Duke of Atholl. He was educated at Michaelhouse (1941 – 1946) in what was then the Natal midlands. His time spent at the school allowed him to gain an appreciation for cricket and the outdoors.https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use
He graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in engineering from the University of the Witwatersrand, a leading South African university. Life
After taking his degree, Murray worked as a land surveyor. On 15 December 1956 in Pretoria, he married Margaret "Peggy" Yvonne Leach (born Louis Trichardt, 8 July 1935), the only daughter of Ronald Leonard Leach of Louis Trichardt, Transvaal, South Africa (Pretoria, 31 August 1910 – Louis Trichardt, 18 December 1964) and wife (Lovedale Park, Louis Trichardt) Faith Kleinenberg (Louis Trichardt, 20 July 1913 – Louis Trichardt, 11 June 1968), paternal granddaughter of Charles Ronald Leach (Whittlesea, Cape Colony, 26 March 1887 – Eshowe, 7 December 1953) and first wife Louise Adelaide Zeederberg (? – Whittlesea, 5 June 1922) and maternal granddaughter of Johannes Petrus Stephanus Kleinenberg (25 June 1874 - 1925) and wife (16 February 1898) Letitia Pittendrigh


texts:
 Cooksley (1875 - 1941); Charles Ronald Leach was son of Charles William Leach (Poplar Grove, Queenstown, Colony of Natal, 7 January 1859 - Idutywa, 12 January 1913) and first wife Agnes Mary Bell ? - Poplar Grove, Queenstown, Colony of Natal, 15 November 1889), paternal grandson of <mask> (Uitenhage, Zulu Kingdom, 28 July 1828 - Poplar Grove, Queenstown, Colony of Natal, 1 August 1906) (son of <mask> Leach, who moved in 1820 to South Africa, and wife Ann Oxenham) and wife (Worcester, Cape Colony, 18 August 1849) Sara Ann Hinds (London, Middlesex, 22 July 1832 - Grahamstown, 22 November 1916) (daughter of T. W. Hinds and wife ...) and maternal grandson of William Bell and wife Mary Ann Mason; Louise Adelaide Zeederberg was daughter of Hans Jacobus Zeederberg (Colony of Natal, 22 January 1851 - ? ), paternal grandson of Teunis Kleinenberg (Rolde, Drenthe, Dutch Republic, 8 June 1794 - Amen, Rolde, Drenthe, Netherlands, 25 February 1864), farmer (son of Bauke Tonnis Kleinenberg and wife Grietien Hindriks) and wife Gebke Kerkhof and maternal grandson of Dirk Johannes Coetzee (near Cape Town, Cape Colony, 3 March 1805 - Piketberg, Cape Colony, 26 Abril 1857) (son of Johan Hendrik Coetzee and wife Johanna Catharina Reeder) and wife (Cape Town, Cape Colony, 6 September 1829) Johanna Sophia Boonzaaier (near Stellenbosch, Cape Colony, 26 November 1809 - Piketberg, Cape Colony, 18 June 1853) (daughter of Petrus Johannes Boonzaaier and wife Hermina Dempers); Letitia Pittendrigh Cooksley was daughter of John Skinner Cooksley (Barnstable, Devon, 3 February 1837 - 16 February 1898), trader in South Africa, in Port Elizabeth in 1862, and wife Mary Pittindrigh (1844 - Lovedale Park, Louis Trichardt, 1937) and paternal granddaughter of William Cooksley and wife ... Skinner. They had three children:
 Lady Jennifer

masks:
John Leach
Benjamin John


texts:
 Murray (born 8 February 1958), who has married and has children
 Bruce Murray, now 12th Duke of Atholl (born 6 April 1960), who has married and has children
 Lord Craig John Murray (born 1963), who has married and has children

In 1996, on the death of his kinsman, a second cousin, once removed, Iain Murray, 10th Duke of Atholl, Murray succeeded as 11th Duke at the age of 67.However, the day before the death of the 10th Duke, it was announced that he had given his ancestral seat of Blair Castle and most of his estates to a charitable trust, thus effectively disinheriting his heir. He had been unimpressed when his heir had indicated that he had no desire to leave South Africa for Scotland. The new duke thus inherited little but the titles and the right to raise a private army. Atholl continued to live in South Africa, while making annual visits to Scotland. He died on 15 May 2012 in a South African hospital at the age of 83. He was succeeded in his titles by his elder son, Bruce Murray, Marquess of Tullibardine. As Duke of Atholl, he commanded the only legal private army in Europe, the Atholl Highlanders.The army is based at Blair Castle, the ancestral home of the dukes of Atholl. The Duke did not inherit Blair Castle, which passed to a charitable trust. However, every year the Duke visited from South Africa to stay at Blair for the traditional display put on by his army. The Duke was also the hereditary Clan Chief of Clan Murray. References

 "Burke's Peerage and Baronetage"
 http://www.van-gool.info/Leach.htm
 http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/d/u/p/Amanda-M-Du-plessis/WEBSITE-0001/UHP-0011.html
 http://www.southafricansettlers.com/

External links

1929 births
111
People from Johannesburg
South African people of Scottish descent
2012 deaths
<mask> of Rannoch
20th-century Scottish


texts:
Archbishop <mask> (12 June 1933 – 4 November 2017) was an Indian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as the sixth Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore from 1992 to 2004. He is an honorary member of Society of Foreign Missions of Paris. He served the church for 39 years as a bishop and for 56 years as a priest. He died on 4 November 2017 at the age of 84. <mask> was sometimes referred to as the "People's Bishop", and "Bishop of the poor." He was fluent in English, French, Tamil, and Latin.He was a Tamil scholar, as well as a lyricist, poet, writer, singer, pianist, magician and artist. Early life
<mask> started his school career at Petit Seminaire Higher Secondary School, Pondicherry. He joined the minor seminary at St. Agnes Seminary, Cuddalore. He graduated from St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirapalli and did his philosophical and theological studies at St.Peter's Pontifical Seminary, in Bangalore. He was ordained a priest for Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore on 15 April 1961 by Monsignor Ambrose, then Archbishop of Pondicherry and Cuddalore at Immaculate Conception Cathedral, Pondicherry. After ordination, he was appointed as Sous — Director of Petit Seminaire Higher Secondary School, Pondicherry. Fr.<mask> later went to Paris for higher studies in philosophy at l'Institut Catholique de Paris, France and obtained his licentiate in philosophy. On his return to India in 1965, he was appointed a professor of philosophy at St. Peter’s Pontifical Seminary in

masks:
Savarinathan Michael Augustine
Augustine
Augustine
Michael Augustine


texts:
 Bangalore. He later earned his doctorate on Indian Philosophy. Within a year, he became vice-rector at St. Peter's Pontifical Seminary, the office he remained until he became rector of the same seminary. Ministry

In 1974, Pope Paul VI appointed him as the Rector of St. Peter's Pontifical Seminary, Bangalore. He stayed there until 1978 when he was consecrated as the Auxiliary Bishop of Madras and Mylapore. On 30 January 1978, Pope Paul VI appointed <mask> <mask> as the Auxiliary Bishop of Madras and Mylapore to assist Archbishop Arullappa and bestowed upon him the titular see of Barrus.He was consecrated a bishop by then-Archbishop Duraisamy Simon Lourdusamy (later Cardinal) the then Secretary of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples on 29 March 1978. He was appointed as bishop of the Vellore on 10 July 1981 by Pope John Paul II. Pope John Paul II appointed Bishop <mask> as the Metropolitan Archbishop of Pondicherry and Cuddalore on 25 June 1992. He received the pallium from his predecessor, Archbishop Emeritus Venmani S. Selvanather, at the Cathedral of Pondicherry Archdiocese. On 10 June 2004, he voluntarily resigned as the Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore (India), citing medical reasons. Episcopal ministry at Archdiocese of Madras-Mylapore (1978–81)
On 30 January 1978, Pope Paul VI appointed <mask> <mask> as the Auxiliary Bishop of Madras-Mylapore Archdiocese to assist Archbishop Arullappa and bestowed upon him the titular see of Barrus. He was consecrated a bishop at

masks:
Father Michael
Augustine
Michael Augustine
Father Michael
Augustine


texts:
 the age of 45 years by then-Archbishop Duraisamy Simon Lourdusamy (later Cardinal) with co-consecrators Archbishop Venmani S. Selvanather of Pondicherry and Archbishop Anthony Rayappa Arulappa of Madras as on 29 March 1978, the episcopal ordination mass was attended by many bishops from Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Pondicherry regions and many priests and laity attended.He chose "FIAT", meaning "Let Lord's will be done", as his Episcopal motto. Under the guidance of Archbishop Arullappa, Bishop <mask> learnt many things and served as an auxiliary bishop for nearly 3 years. Episcopal ministry at Diocese of Vellore (1981–92)
On 19 June 1981, Most. Rev. Dr S<mask> <mask>, till then Auxiliary Bishop of Madras-Mylapore, was appointed by the Pope John Paul II as the fourth Bishop of the Diocese of Vellore. The installation service took place on 24 July 1981 at 6 p.m. in the Cathedral Campus at Vellore. Bishop S<mask> <mask> was the Bishop of Vellore for 10 years and 11 months.During his tenure of office, about 100 churches and chapels were built; seven new parishes were erected, six convents and dispensaries and three high schools were opened, and five elementary schools were upgraded to middle schools. He noticed that many Catholics do not hold high positions. To improve this, he started summer coaching classes for the students who finished school. These coaching classes helped many people get into medicine, nursing, engineering and other technical training. He also established a scholarship fund for professional

masks:
Michael Augustine
. Michael
Augustine
. Michael
Augustine


texts:
 studies. He believed children should have a strong foundation in their education, so he started coaching classes for high school children. The coaching classes were conducted for a month.The whole expenses were met by the projects and Diocesan contributions. To foster local vocations, he started a minor seminary at Pathiavaram. As the Tamil Nadu Bishops decided to have the college education as minimum qualification for major seminary admission, a seminary was started at Koviloor so that the students can attend Sacred Heart College, Tirupattur. He was transferred and promoted as Archbishop of Pondicherry and Cuddalore on 24 March 1992. He remained administrator of Vellore Diocese till 25 June 1992. Episcopal ministry at Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore (1992–2004)
Pope John Paul II elevated Bishop <mask> of Vellore as Archbishop of Pondicherry and Cuddalore on 18 February 1992 and he was installed as Archbishop of Pondicherry and Cuddalore on 25 June 1992.During his 12 years of episcopacy, he laid foundations for 2 new vicariates and 14 new parishes, and he invited 13 new religious congregations to work in the Archdiocese. After 12 years of pastoral care in Pondicherry, he submitted his resignation citing medical reasons and Pope John Paul II accepted his resignation from the Metropolitan See of Pondicherry and Cuddalore on 10 June 2004.However, he remained as the Apostolic Administrator of the Archdiocese until 5 July 2004, the day of the canonical possession of his successor. Post retirement
After


texts:
 his retirement as Archbishop of Pondicherry and Cuddalore, Archbishop <mask> stayed in his retirement home which is behind Holy Family Church, Keezhputhupattu in the outskirts of Pondicherry near Kalapet. During these years, Fr.A.J.C Lawrence (his nephew and clergy of Pondicherry) also helped him. He composed two books of Psalms during this period namely "The Psalm of a Priest" and "The Psalm of a Bishop." Death and funeral
In September 2017, he was admitted in  “Be Well Hospital”, Pondicherry but was later discharged and was taking rest in the Archbishop’s House. On November 4, 2017, the morning after he complained of uneasiness to his helper, he was rushed to the hospital where he died at 9:50 a.m. when Archbishop Anandarayar completed the prayer by making the sign of the cross in the presence of Fr.A.J.C. Lawrence.His remains were immediately embalmed in PIMS, Pondicherry and was taken first to his retirement home where Eucharist was celebrated following which his remains were brought to the Archbishop's House in Pondicherry and kept there until 6 p.m. His remains were then transferred to Escande Hall in Petit Seminaire Higher Secondary School, Pondicherry at 6:30 p.m. for public veneration. Massive crowds poured in to pay tribute and last respects. Archbishop George Antonysamy of Madras, Bishop Peter Abir of Sulthanpet, Bishop Antony Devotta of Trichy, Bishop Emeritus Peter Remigius of Kottar visited, prayed and paid their last respects. His remains remained there until 9:50 a.m. on 6 November 2017.


texts: Several Archbishops, Bishops, Priests, religious laity and people of other faith attended his funeral on 6th November 2017. The funeral procession began from Petit Seminaire School and ended in the Cathedral of Pondicherry. The Requiem Mass was presided by Archbishop Anandarayar of Pondicherry.Several Bishops concelebrated, namely Archbishop Emeritus Chinnappa of Madras, Archbishop Antony Pappusamy of Madurai, Bishop Yuvon Ambrose of Tuticorin, Bishop Singaroyan of Salem, Bishop Soundarajan of Vellore, Bishop Thomas Aquinas of Coimbatore, Bishop Amalraj of Ooty, Bishop Lawrence Pius of Dharmapuri, Bishop Neethinathan of Chengalpet, Bishop Devadass Ambrose of Thanjavur, Bishop Antonysamy of Kumbakonam, Bishop Paulsamy of Dindigul, Bishop Jude Paulraj of Palayamkottai and Bishop Susaimaanikam of Sivagangai. During the funeral mass, Bishop Sebastianappan Singaroyan (student of Archbishop <mask> at St.Peter's Pontifical Seminary, Bangalore) preached a sermon on the sanctity, sincerity and love of Archbishop <mask> and on his life of FIAT. After the funeral mass, Archbishop Chinnappa sung in Latin the final rites inside the Cathedral. The eulogy was read by Archbishop Antony Pappusamy, Bishop Soundarajan, Archbishop Anandarayar, CRI President of Pondicherry, Fr. Arulselvam Rayappan of St. Peter's Pontifical Seminary and by the Vicar General of Madras-Mylapore Archdiocese. His remains were then carried to the clergy cemetery in the cathedral where his nephew Fr. A.J.C.Lawrence blessed the new cemetery and the

masks:
Michael Augustine
Michael Augustine


texts:
 remains of his uncle. He was then laid to rest there. Gallery

See also
 Archbishop <mask> at catholic-hierarchy.org
 Archbishop <mask> at Vellore Diocese

References

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|-

1933 births
2017 deaths
20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in India
21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops in India
20th-century Indian Roman Catholic theologians
Roman Catholic archbishops of Pondicherry and


texts:
Sir <mask> FRCS FRS (25 November 18097 August 1884), generally known as <mask>, was an English surgeon and dermatologist. Biography
<mask> was born in London, studied at Dartford Grammar School before St Bartholomew's Hospital in London, and at the University of Aberdeen, and early in life became known as a skilful surgeon and dissector. It was his sympathy with the poor of London and a suggestion from Mr. Thomas Wakley of The Lancet, of which he acted for a time as sub-editor, which first led him to take up skin diseases as a special study. The cases of scrofula, anaemia, and blood-poisoning which he saw made him set to work to alleviate the suffering of persons so afflicted, and he quickly established a reputation for treating this class of patients. It was said that he treated the rich by ordering them to give up luxuries; the poor by prescribing for them proper nourishment, which was often provided out of his own pocket. In the opinion of one of his biographers, we owe to <mask> in great measure the habit of the daily bath, and he helped very much to bring the Turkish bath into use in Great Britain, and in the process writing a number of works on spas, baths and thermo-therapy, all of which overlap in their content. Indeed, his works on spas, baths, and thermo-therapy were directly related to his work on the health of skin.His earliest such works on this topic outlined the relationship between various applications of water, vapour baths, the action of heat and cold through such media on the action of the skin, and the relationship between this and health in general. Moreover, his works had a direct impact on the hydrotherapy movement of the time (then known as hydropathy), and the overlapping sanitary reform movement. He applauded the establishment of Public Baths and Wash-houses, as "amongst the noblest of the

masks:
William James Erasmus Wilson
Sir Erasmus Wilson
Wilson
Wilson


texts:
 institutions…as they are one of the greatest discoveries of the present age", and dedicated his 1854 book Healthy Skin to another sanitary reform proponent, Edwin Chadwick "In admiration of his strenuous and indefatigable labors in the cause of Sanitary Reform". Nor was <mask> shy of saying what needed to be said in the promotion of sanitary reform. In Metcalfe's (1877) work on sanitary reform and all the above-mentioned overlaps, he describes the Chinese vapour baths. After describing the bathing establishments as a whole, he describes the bathing room itself, "which is about thirty feet by twenty, and is filled with hot steam or vapour":

The entire floor, except a narrow space round the sides, is occupied by a hot-water bath from one to eighteen inches deep. The furnace is outside, and the flues are carried under the centre of the bath.In the hazy light of this room may be seen the perspiring Chinamen disperting themselves in the shallow water, until, when cleansed to their satisfaction, they return to the cooling room, there to regale themselves with cups of tea and pipes of tobacco. All classes of Chinese frequent these bathing establishments. Mr Ellis, in his "Journal of the Embassy to China (1816)," says of this Chinese cleansing apparatus, that it is "disgusting," but says Mr <mask> <mask>, "What would Mr Ellis say of a country in which there existed no cleansing apparatus whatever? For example, his own. <mask> wrote much upon the diseases which specially occupied his attention, and his books, A Healthy Skin and Student's Book of Diseases of the Skin, though they were not received without criticism at the time of their appearance, long remained text-books of their subject. He visited the East to study leprosy, Switzerland to investigate the causes of goitre, and Italy with the purpose of adding to his

masks: Wilson Erasmus Wilson Wilson


texts:
 knowledge of the skin diseases affecting an ill-nourished peasantry. He was knighted by Queen Victoria in 1881, and died at Westgate-on-Sea, Kent in 1884.He had married Charlotte Mary Doherty in 1841; they had no children. After the death of his wife, the bulk of his property, some £200,000, went to the Royal College of Surgeons. Philanthropic works

He made a large fortune by his successful practice and by skilful investments, and since he had no family he devoted a great deal of his money to charitable and educational purposes. In 1869 he founded the chair and museum of dermatology in the Royal College of Surgeons, of which he was chosen president in 1881, and which just before his death awarded him its honorary gold medal, which had been founded in 1800 and only awarded on six previous occasions. He also founded a professorship of pathology at the University of Aberdeen and paid for the vast medical library at the Hunterian Museum, London where his bust takes pride of place at the end of the library. In 1878 he earned the thanks of the nation on different grounds, by defraying the expense of bringing the Egyptian obelisk called Cleopatra's Needle from Alexandria to London, where it was erected on the Thames Embankment. The British Government had not thought it worth the expense of transportation.This is now one of London's best known landmarks. <mask> <mask> was also closely associated with the Royal Medical Benevolent College in Epsom, Surrey, now Epsom College. One of the boarding houses '<mask> House' established in 1873 is named after him and carries his name on the foundation stone located to the north east corner of the building, right of the entrance. Famous statements
1878: "When the Paris Exhibition closes, electric light will close with it and no more be heard of." Text above was based on an entry

masks: Erasmus Wilson Wilson


texts:
 from the 1902 edition of Britannica, It may need some updating or revision

Published works as known
  Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
  Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
  Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
  Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
  Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
  Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
  Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
  Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
  Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
  Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
  (Reprinted from the British Medical Journal). Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
  (Reprinted from the British Medical Journal). Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
  Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
  Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
 .Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
 . Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
 . Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
 . Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
 . Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
  Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)
  Full text at Internet Archive (archive.org)

Note: Internet Archives lists more copies of some of these titles. Not all were checked. Some may be duplicates, and some may be later editions.The sample above shows that some titles had multiple subsequent editions. Also for books prior to 1881, <mask> did not have the title Sir, as he had not yet been knighted. References

External links

 Biography in Plarr's Lives of the Fellows Online

1809 births
1884 deaths
Medical doctors from London
British surgeons
British dermatologists
Alumni of the Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons
People educated at Dartford Grammar School
People from


texts:
<mask> (born 4 June 1975) is an English artist. She is known for making work concerned with gender, personal narrative and the similarities that bind us together; frequently collaborating with well-known public figures. Early life and career
<mask> was born in 1975 and grew up in East Sussex. She studied English at King's College London and history of art at The Courtauld Institute of Art. She worked as an English teacher and for the advertising agencies WCRS and J. Walter Thompson before becoming an artist in 2005. Art
<mask>'s work often uses shared behaviours, emotions, associations and memories – from our to-do lists, to our shoes, to memories of our grandmothers – to hold a mirror to both our individual psyches and our collective unconscious. Themes of intimacy and ritual, memory and the passing of time run through her work and she often appropriates historical stories and images.Her exhibitions are often interactive – thousands of visitors contributed to-do lists to her installation for The Pram in the Hall in 2016, whilst visitors to her magic art caravan in 2018 received readings from ‘The Grandmother’ through her Deck of Archetypes. Participant narratives are an important theme and she uses art as a mechanism for personal revelation. Instone frequently exhibits in found or non-commercial spaces from the House of Commons, to a former brothel and the banks of the River Thames. She has had solo projects with the United Nations, the British Houses of Parliament, the National Trust, the British Medical Association, No 10 Downing Street, the Royal Society of Arts and global organisations including Ernst and Young, Allen & Overy, Rothschild, Herbert Smith, Chanel and Oxfam. Instone has collaborated with numerous public figures including musicians Annie Lennox, Beverley Knight, Alison Goldfrapp and Dame Evelyn Glennie, barristers Baroness Kennedy and Cherie Blair, Secretary of State

masks:
Alice Instone
Instone
Instone


texts:
 Baroness Scotland, Scientist Professor Baroness Greenfield, actresses Helen McCrory, Sadie Frost and Emilia Fox, model Elle Macpherson, human rights campaigner Bianca Jagger, artists Sir Peter Blake, Chantal Joffe and Fiona Banner, designers Bella Freud, <mask>, Anya Hindmarch and Nicole Farhi, Lord Chief Justice Baron Woolf, talk show host Amanda de Cadanet, photographer Pattie Boyd, Shadow Attorney General Baroness Shami Chakrabarti, playwright Sir David Hare and producer Emma Freud amongst others. Exhibitions

21 21st Century Women, 2008
Instone's first solo show depicted 21 powerful contemporary women in response to the vast quantity of deliberately powerful-looking male portraits she found in the National Portrait Gallery – and the absence of female counterparts. The staggeringly few portraits that were there being wives, mothers and the occasional monarch.<mask> addressed the way we consume images of women (and the narrow range of feminine archetypes on offer) and what she perceived as ‘Lady Macbeth Syndrome’, including the demonisation of powerful women in the popular press. The paintings aimed to change the way women are characterised – representing them as influential and unashamedly powerful. Sitters included Annie Lennox (who wrote an accompanying article on being a feminist), Cherie Blair, Baroness Patricia Scotland, Baroness Helena Kennedy, Professor Baroness Susan Greenfield, Fiona Bruce, Dame Evelyn Glennie, Dame Jacqueline Wilson, Anya Hindmarch and Shami Chakrabarti. Chris Hastings from The Telegraph wrote;“They are among the most well-known women in Britain but the chances are that you have never seen them like this before….. <mask>'s (work) challenges the way women are traditionally portrayed. "The works were exhibited at The House of Commons, The Royal Society of Arts and Ernst & Young’s headquarters. Interview with a Shoe, 2009
Instone's second show was entitled

masks:
Alice Temperley
Instone
Alice Instone


texts:
 Interview with a Shoe, and featured a collection of portraits of people through their favourite shoes. The collaboration between the artist and the owners of the shoes revealed the wearer through the pair they chose.Instone found shoes to be extraordinarily emotive and tied up with our values. Many of the shoes came with highly emotional stories or memories (for example the shoes that Annie Lennox wore to the Las Vegas Wedding of Bob Geldof and Paula Yates). Instone also painted the mountains of discarded shoes at the Oxfam Wastesaver Depot and made a number of shoe sculptures exploring the negative messages women are bombarded with in daily life, including the constant pressure to consume and the size 0 debate. The exhibition included the shoes of Annie Lennox, Baron Woolf, Bianca Jagger, Elle Macpherson, Sir Peter Blake Nicole Farhi, Sir David Hare, Cherie Blair, Liz and Terry de Havilland, Laura Bailey, Emma Freud, Pat Cash, <mask>, Joe Corre and Beverley Knight amongst others. Jennie Murray interviewed her about the exhibition for Radio 4 Woman's Hour in May 2009. The works were exhibited at Northampton Museum, home to the world's largest shoe collection. "We all have a favourite pair of shoes and they often reveal something about us without us even realising… <mask> has a talent for capturing something quite functional to evoke its charm and make an emotional connection."- Elle Macpherson

The House of Fallen Women, 2010
In 2010, Instone's series titled The House of the Fallen Woman opened at The House of St Barnabas in Soho, a former refuge for destitute women. Portraying infamous women from history, the work played on the theme of female notoriety by again using several famous or well-known sitters, including Emilia Fox as Marie Antoinette, Annie and Lola Lennox as Elizabeth I and Helen of Troy, Cherie and Kathryn Blair as Eleanor of Acquitaine and Kathryn Swynford, <mask> as

masks:
Alice Temperley
Alice
Alice Temperley


texts:
 Mata Hari, Emma Freud as Emma Hamilton and Caitlin Moran as Kitty Fisher. The exhibition also included a series of prints of the different words for ‘a female of loose morals’ entitled Slag Spiral, which were also exhibited in a former brothel in Archer Street, Soho. India Knight wrote in The Evening Standard:"The women in these paintings paid the highest prices for their “transgressions”. We don’t have to, and the very least we can do is raise a glass to them in all their bad, wild, brave, magnificent glory." Because a Fire Was In My Head, 2012
Instone’s 2012 solo show explored the role of the female muse in history and art history. The title of the show is a line from a W B Yeats poem.Instone stated that the sexually charged paintings aimed to express the conviction that painting and making marks on a surface can achieve a sense of reality like no other medium. The depiction of a breastfeeding woman in the painting ‘Pax’ prompted Baroness Helena Kennedy QC to write:
"I love this painting. Any woman who has breastfed knows the experience of shooting milk darts with abandon. It makes me laugh that people are so squeamish about lactating breasts. We are happy to have women’s nakedness draped over cars and festooning page 3 but the very function for which breasts primarily exist so often evokes grunts of disapproval or prim censure. <mask> has captured the sensuousness of the whole business. It’s beautiful."Caitlin Moran wrote in The Times:"Although all the [paintings] are stunning, my favourite reminds me of the story of the tram crash that injured the Mexican artist Frida Kahlo. Impaled on a massive shard of metal, Kahlo came round to discover that someone on the tram had been carrying a tin of gold paint, and she was now covered in it. Gilded like a living human idol. A painful, disturbing and new image of womanhood. "The work was exhibited The Cob Gallery in London. She Should Have


texts:
 Known Better, 2013
In her 2012 exhibition at the former home of writer Henry James (now owned by the National Trust) Instone drew from James’ heroines and his themes of freedom, transgression and female virtue, to showcase women who broke the rules. The subjects also included contemporary women; moving from James’ Daisy Miller to pop star Hyon Song-wol, former girlfriend of North Korean leader Kim Jong-un, reportedly executed by firing squad.Portraits included Helen McCrory as Lilith (Adam's wife before Eve), and a roster of women given a terrible press during their lifetimes paralleled the way women who dare to put their heads above the media parapet are punished in the press today – their appearance mocked, their morals scrutinised and their ambition imbued with sinister qualities. The Observer wrote:"She is a sympathetic mixture of distrait glamour and robust feminism...  <mask> is more than a portraitist. She is a casting director." The Pram in the Hall, 2016
Overwhelmed by her to-do lists after having children, <mask> collected the lists of well-known women and laid them out for the public to examine. She also made large, glittering, layered prints of her personal lists – reflecting her state of mind. She then invited the public to bring their own lists and add them to a large-scale installation. Nancy Durrant, Arts Editor of The Times wrote:"It’s such good snooping….an exhibition by the artist <mask> offers a peek into the day-to-day lives of Cherie Blair, Emma Freud and Shami Chakrabarti in their own words… Yet she also thinks of them as tiny, candid portraits, a sort of opposite to the Instagram edit of someone’s life, with all the tedious, incidental details intact… <mask>’s interest in the imbalance of domestic work… is a continuation of the artists’s long-held fascination with women and power." <mask> was subsequently featured in Jenny Eclair’s Radio 4 programme A List Free

masks:
Instone
Instone
Alice Instone
Instone
Instone