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Margaret (<mask><mask> (born 1944) is an American writer, teacher, speaker, and management consultant who works to create organizations and communities worthy of human habitation. She draws from many disciplines: organizational behavior, chaos theory, living systems science, ancient spiritual traditions, history, sociology, and anthropology. Early life and education
Born in Yonkers, New York, in 1944, to an English father who was a mechanic running a foreign car service and a Jewish-American mother, Wheatley grew up in the New York City area. Her grandmother, Irma Lindheim, was a well-known activist, writer, and fund-raiser for the creation of the state of Israel. Lindheim lived in the kibbutz Mishmar HaEmek, frequently visiting her family in the U.S.A. She was <mask>’s primary guide and role model. <mask> graduated from Lincoln High School (Yonkers, New York), in 1962. She completed her baccalaureate degree in 1966 at the University of Rochester, where she majored in English and history, and spent her junior year abroad at the University College London.From 1966–1968, <mask> served in the Peace Corps in Cholla Namdo Province, Korea, teaching high school English. She returned from Korea via the Trans-Siberian Railroad, and recalled she and her travelling companion were assumed to be CIA agents in the Peace Corps, and were called "thugs wearing peace masks." Advised by Neil Postman, <mask> received her M.A. in communications and systems thinking from New York University. She moved to the Boston, Massachusetts area when she was 30 years old to earn her Ed.D. in Administration, Planning, and Social Policy at Harvard Graduate School of Education. Her dissertation was titled Equal Employment Opportunity Awareness Training: the Influence of Theories of Attitude Change and Adult

masks:
Meg
) Wheatley
Wheatley
Wheatley
Wheatley
Wheatley


type: original

texts:
 Learning in the Corporate Setting.In 1977, while completing her doctoral work at Harvard, <mask> married a widower who had five children aged five to sixteen. They added two more children together for a total of six boys and one girl. They divorced in 1992 and remain a very strong and loving Italian-American family. As of 2020, there are 23 grandchildren and six great- grandchildren. Most of the family lives in Utah, where <mask> has resided since 1989. Career
Her practice as an organizational consultant and researcher began in 1973  working with Rosabeth Moss Kanter in the firm Goodmeasure, Cambridge MA. Kanter mentored her well and is the reason <mask> moved so quickly into being both a keynote speaker and author.Since 1973 <mask> has worked on every inhabited continent in "virtually every type of organization"  and with people in all positions, from government prime ministers to small town religious ministers, from teen-age social entrepreneurs to corporate CEOs, from the head of the U.S. Army to the Dalai Lama. She considers herself a global citizen since her youth. Wheatly has been Associate Professor of Management in two graduate programs: the Marriott School of Management, Brigham Young University, and Cambridge College, Massachusetts. She served in a formal advisory capacity for leadership programs in England, Croatia, Denmark, Australia, and the United States. Through the Berkana Institute, (a global charitable leadership foundation, founded by <mask> and friends in 1991) she worked with leadership initiatives in India, Senegal, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Mexico, and Brazil as well as Europe. The Berkana Institute has worked globally (especially in the Global South) with dedicated, creative, spiritually-grounded leaders, all of whom are experimenting with new forms of

masks: Wheatley Wheatley Wheatley Wheatley Wheatley


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 leading and organizing. Berkana’s current work is training leaders and activists as Warriors for the Human Spirit.<mask> has a strong spiritual practice. From 2010 to 2018, she did long winter retreats  to Gampo Abbey, a Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Nova Scotia, under the direction of her teacher, Pema Chödrön. She cites Namkhai Norbu who died in 2018 as her Tibetan teacher. She is now a student of the Indian mystic and yogi,  Sadhguru. Awards and tributes
<mask> has received multiple awards and honorary doctorates. In 1992, her first book, Leadership and the New Science, won the award from Industry Week as the best management book, as well as one of CIO Magazine's "Top Ten Business Books of the 1990s," and one of Xerox Corporation's "Top Ten Business Books of all time." The American Society for Training and Development (ASTD) has named her one of five living legends.In May 2002, ASTD awarded her their highest honor: "Distinguished Contribution to Workplace Learning and Performance," with the following citation:

She was elected to the Leonardo da Vinci Society for the Study of Thinking in 2005. In 2010, she was appointed to the National Park Service advisory board by the Obama White House and the United States Secretary of the Interior, Ken Salazar. She served until 2018 when the twelve member advisors resigned en masse in protest of the new policies of the government of President Donald Trump. She received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the International Leadership Association (ILA) in 2014. An interviewer from ILA said:

The introduction to her interview with staff from the Association for Talent Development notes, "<mask> writes, teaches, and speaks about radically new practices and ideas for organizing in chaotic times. She works to create organizations of all types

masks:
Wheatley
Margaret Wheatley
Meg Wheatley


texts:
 where people are known as the blessing, not the problem. Her last book, Turning to One Another: Simple Conversations to Restore Hope to the Future, proposes that real social change comes from the ageless process of people thinking together in conversation."In 2016, <mask> was honored with the Clara Snell Woodbury Distinguished Leadership Award, as well as recognition from Leadership California. Publications
Her books include:

 1992. Leadership and the New Science: Discovering Order in a Chaotic World (in 3 editions and 20 languages), Berrett-Koehler Publishers; . 1998. A Simpler Way (with Myron Kellner-Rogers), Berrett-Koehler Publishers; . 2002. Turning to One Another: Simple Conversations to Restore Hope to the Future, Berrett-Koehler Publishers; .2007. Finding Our Way: Leadership for an Uncertain Time, Berrett-Koehler Publishers; . 2010. Perseverance (paintings by Asante Salaam), Berrett-Koehler Publishers; . 2011. Walk Out Walk On: A Learning Journey into Communities Daring to Live the Future Now (with Deborah Frieze), Berrett-Koehler Publishers; . 2012.So Far From Home: Lost and Found in Our Brave New World, Berrett-Koehler Publishers; . 2014 How Does Raven Know: Entering Sacred World /A Meditative Memoir,  Berkana Publications;
 2017. Who Do We Choose to Be? : Facing Reality, Claiming Leadership, Restoring Sanity, Berrett-Koehler Publishers; . 2020. Warriors for the Human Spirit: A Songline. A Journey Guided By Voice And Sound. An mp3 with accompanying book.(music by Jerry Granelli), Berkana Publications; . References

External links
 Margaret J. Wheatley homepage

1944 births
American management consultants
American non-fiction writers
Brigham Young University faculty
Harvard Graduate School of Education alumni
Living people
New York University alumni
Peace Corps


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<mask> (July 4, 1835 – December 13, 1891) was a prominent businessman and distiller in Middle Tennessee who was well known for his contributions to the banking, rail, music, and whiskey industries, among others. <mask> was the owner of <mask>'s Greenbrier Distillery, which until American Prohibition, was one of the largest producers of whiskey in the United States. Early life

<mask> was born on July 4, 1835, in Hagenow, a small town in the Mecklenburg-Schwerin state of northern Germany. He was the oldest of six children whose father was a successful soap and candle manufacturer. In 1850, the <mask>s embarked for the United States on the Helena Sloman, with <mask>’s father converting all of the family’s wealth to gold that he carried on his person, concealed by clothing he had made especially for that purpose. During the voyage, the Helena Sloman encountered storms with gale-force winds, which resulted in many of the passengers being thrown overboard – The <mask> patriarch was one of these passengers, and with the weight of his family’s fortune strapped to his person, he was pulled to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. <mask>, along with his mother, brother, and four sisters, arrived in New York City with nothing but the clothes on their backs.While the mother looked after the young children, <mask> and his brother found work with Hayes & Schultz Co., a producer of soap and candles in New York City. The family remained in New York for approximately two years before relocating to Cincinnati, Ohio, where <mask> began working as a butcher, an experience which later helped him to open a grocery store under the name Blersch & Nelson. Move to Nashville

In 1857, <mask> moved to Nashville, Tennessee, opening another grocery branch

masks:
Charles Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Charles
Charles
Nelson
Charles


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 under the name Nelson & Pfeiffer. <mask>’s store quickly flourished, and became known especially for three products: coffee, meat, and whiskey. <mask> saw whiskey as the most profitable of his products, and began to concentrate solely on the production and bottling of his spirit. Among his more noteworthy sales techniques, it is known that <mask> was one of the first to sell whiskey by the bottle rather than the jug or barrel. According to family records, <mask> encouraged his coffee delivery boy, Joel Cheek, to take his blend to the Maxwell House Hotel in downtown Nashville, where it later was famously proclaimed as “good to the last drop”.<mask> also encouraged his butcher, Horace G. Hill, to start his own business, which became known as H.G. Hill Food Stores and continues to operate as a Nashville-based company. The beginnings of a distillery

Under the company name Chas. Nelson & Co., <mask> sought to expand the production of his whiskey – He had begun distilling his product through a contract distiller in the Nashville area before purchasing the Green Brier Distillery in Greenbrier, Tennessee, a small town in the surrounding Robertson County area, in 1867. The distillery, which was commonly known as “Old Number Five” due to the fact that it was registered distillery number five and was located in the fifth tax district, quickly saw its production increase under <mask>’s leadership, eventually becoming the largest producer of Tennessee whiskey in the county. <mask>’s Green Brier Distillery’s increased production capacity was due, at least in part, to the H.H. Kirk patent for improved distillation that <mask> bought in 1868.Although <mask> did not own the distillery outright until 1867, his whiskey was trademarked in

masks:
Nelson
Nelson
Charles
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Charles Nelson
Nelson


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 1860, making it one of the oldest trademarked liquors in the United States. The popularity of the brand, “<mask>’s Green Brier Tennessee Whiskey” was growing at such a rapid rate, that by 1885, the distillery was producing 380,000 gallons of whiskey per year, making it the largest producer in Robertson County. In comparison, the annual production capacity of Jack Daniel’s distillery in Lynchburg, Tennessee was 23,000 gallons. <mask> was also on the forefront of marketing and advertising at the time, giving away sets of calendars with pictures of beautiful women, originally painted by artists such as Henri Rondel, G.T. Collins, and Angelo Asti (known as one of the fathers of pin-up art), to promote his brand. Other business ventures

<mask> was also highly involved in ventures outside of distilling whiskey, such as music, banking and rail.. In fact, <mask>’s Green Brier Distillery was the primary reason that the small town of Greenbrier had a rail station built in order to transport ingredients and products to and from the distillery.He was also one of the founders of both the Nashville Trust Company and the Nashville Musical Union, and the first president of each of those organizations. “<mask> felt strongly about the creation of such a company for the city that by this time was growing at a rapid rate. Mr. <mask> was in the fullest sense a public-spirited citizen. Every enterprise intended for the good of Nashville received his hearty support and generous help. He was a man not of words but of actions. As an example of this it may be mentioned that when it was proposed several years ago to establish a Musical Union and a meeting was held at the Maxwell House for that purpose, Mr. <mask> arose after everyone else had

masks:
Nelson
Charles Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson


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 spoken and announced that he had come to join the enterprise, and that he wished all the members of his family to be enrolled as life members, and subscribed $200 on the spot. He was the Union’s first President.That was Mr. <mask>’s way, he went into everything heartily, and to this may be attributed the success that attended every enterprise with which he was connected. Mr. <mask>’s charity was bounded only by his means, or by the cause that appealed to him. He never gave grudgingly, but with a lavish hand.” Daily American Newspaper (December 14, 1891)

Personal life

<mask>’s first son, <mask> Jr. was the result of his first marriage, which was short-lived due to the death of his wife. He married his second wife, Louisa Rohlfing on March 4, 1863, and except for a brief stint in Cincinnati, Ohio, the <mask>s resided in Nashville. His second marriage produced two sons and three daughters (William, Henry, Emma, Alice, and Louise), all of whom were college educated; the boys at Harvard University and the girls at Vassar College. He was survived by his wife Louisa and all six of his children, including <mask>, Jr.

His obituary said:
The home life of Mr. <mask> was ideally beautiful. Business cares never crossed the threshold.When he hung up his hat he laid down his cares, burying himself in the bosom of his family. He was not only a father upon whom his children could lean but he was to them a companion in whom they could confide and with whom they could make free. He was to them at one and the same time father, brother, sweetheart and friend. Stern when sternness was necessary, yet gentleness was the prevailing ingredient of his royal nature. He ruled by the divine attribute of love, and if his children feared him it was

masks:
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Charles Nelson
Nelson
Charles
Nelson


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 not the fear that he would visit punishment upon them, but the fear that they might displease him. In all family matters he would with knightly grace defer to his beloved wife, whose word to him was law. Seldom do we find a happier more perfect home than this one.All that cultivated taste could suggest or wealth provide were to be found in this beautiful home. At Christmas time, and on July 4, Mr. <mask>’s birthday, the children were summoned whether at school in Massachusetts or New York, to the family gathering. These were the two days when joy was unconfined. Until Mr. <mask>’s children were grown, Mr. <mask> had been accustomed to provide a Christmas tree and a surprise for the children and the good wife. When the children were grown they provided the Christmas tree and prepared surprises for the father. Thus the family was bound together by ties that only death could sever, and even death cannot break such bonds, for they live in the heart always. Mr. <mask>, accompanied by his wife and children, has several times visited Europe, and on each occasion he paid his native town a visit, always bestowing upon the place some token as a mark of love and affection for his first home.It is said that whenever he visited Hagenow the natives turned out en masse to greet him. This was natural, for he was a son of whom the little German town could well be proud, and upon whom such an honor was worthily bestowed. Though foreign born, Mr. <mask> always declared himself, heart and soul, an American. He was loyal to the country of his adoption, while cherishing a natural and proper affection for the land of his birth. -Daily American Newspaper (December 14, 1891)

1835 births
1891 deaths
People from Hagenow
Grand Duchy of

masks: Nelson Nelson Nelson Nelson Nelson


texts:
<mask> (February 29, 1948 – April 17, 1987) was an American fashion designer. At the time of his death, <mask> was regarded as one of the most successful African-American designers in the fashion industry. His company, WilliWear Limited, launched in 1976 and by 1986 grossed over $25 million in sales. After <mask>'s death, his business partner, Laurie Mallet, continued the line with various designers creating collections. Without <mask>, the company foundered and due to financial problems and poor sales, WilliWear Limited ceased production in 1990. WilliWear was the first clothing company to create womenswear and menswear under the same label. The accessibility and affordability of <mask>'s clothing helped to democratize fashion.Early years
<mask> was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to <mask> <mask>, an iron worker, and June Eileen <mask>, a homemaker, both of whom were extremely clothes-conscious. <mask>'s grandmother was the housekeeper for a family that was close with designer Arnold Scaasi, and she helped her grandson get an internship with Scaasi. <mask> helped with the design of clothing for Elizabeth Taylor. As a boy, <mask> spent hours sketching on the floor of his home and at the Philadelphia Museum College of Art. When reflecting on his childhood, <mask> once stated, "I loved to draw and design clothes, and my mother told me I was born to be an artist or designer." After his parents divorced, his grandmother, Gladys Bush, nurtured and motivated <mask> to pursue his dreams in design. Education
<mask> studied commercial art at Mastbaum Technical High School and attended Philadelphia Museum College of Art, taking a course in fashion

masks:
Willi Donnell Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Willie Lee
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith


texts:
 illustration.He then moved to New York City to go to Parsons The New School for Design, the art and design college of The New School. He received two scholarships to fund his studies at Parsons. In 1965, <mask> interned for couturier Arnold Scaasi, and began studying fashion design at Parsons in the fall while taking liberal arts classes at New York University. Designer Arthur McGee had served as <mask>'s mentor. Career
In 1967, <mask> left Parsons and pursued a career designing on his own. He first sought design inspiration from what people wore on the streets of New York. He befriended model Bethann Hardison in 1967 after striking up a conversation about her style on the street.Hardison became the fit model for <mask>'s designs and a close friend. From 1969 to 1973, <mask> worked as lead designer for the junior sportswear label Digits. <mask> met future business partner and lifelong friend Laurie Mallet in 1970 while Mallet was in New York for a holiday break and hired her as his design assistant at Digits in 1971. The following year, 1972, <mask> was nominated for the Coty American Fashion Critics’ Award for his work as lead designer at Digits. In 1973, <mask> was nominated for the Coty American Fashion Critics’ Winnie Award for the second time, and began designing patterns for the commercial pattern company Butterick. <mask> resigned from Digits later that same year and Digits went bankrupt shortly after. In 1974, <mask> partnered with his sister Toukie <mask> and close friend Harrison Rivera-Terreaux to form his own label Willi Smith Designs, Inc. Unfamiliar at the time with the business aspect of running a label, the company struggled and

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith


texts:
 closed a few months later.<mask> continued to design and, in 1976, traveled to Bombay (Mumbai) India with Mallet to produce a small collection of women's separates in natural fibers. The collection was a success, and soon after, Smith and Mallet formed the label WilliWear Ltd., with Mallet as President of the company and <mask> <mask> as Vice President and lead designer. The first Williwear fashion show was held at the Holly Solomon Gallery in the Spring of 1978 and showcased a collection of garments “influenced by nautical uniforms and Southeast Asian dress.” Subsequent WilliWear fashion shows were held in unconventional locations such as Alvin Ailey Studio and the Puck Building. WilliWear was a massive success, providing chic, stylish clothing for the modern woman, and later men, at affordable prices and in natural fabrics. In 1982, <mask> produced the first WilliWear men's collection with Stuart Lazar as Executive Vice President of menswear. <mask> also hired Mark Bozek as head of communications for WilliWear that same year. After receiving his fifth Coty Award nomination, <mask> <mask> won the Coty American Fashion Critics’ Award in 1983.WilliWear produced several hallmark collections from 1982 to 1986, and in 1986 the company reached $25 million in sales. Smith and Mallet further enriched the reputation of the brand through artist collaborations. After <mask>'s death, on April 17, 1987, Mallet continued to run WilliWear. However, without its visionary namesake, the company faltered and ceased production in 1990. Andre Walker was one of the designers hired to lead the brand after <mask>'s death. Collaborations
<mask> <mask> was an avid patron

masks: Smith Willi Smith Smith Smith Willi Smith Smith Smith Willi Smith


texts: of the arts and collaborated with an extensive group of artists from 1973 up until his death in 1987. He designed costumes for choreographer Dianne McIntyre’s productions The Lost Sun (1973), The Deep South Suite (1976), and Take-Off From a Forced Landing (1984).<mask> also designed costumes for the Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company’s performance Secret Pastures (1984), as well as for Ellen Stewart's La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club's production Cotton-Club Gala (1985). Smith and Mallet also collaborated with twenty-one contemporary artists in 1984 to design T-shirts with silk-screened artwork. These T-shirts displayed original work by artists including Keith Haring, Christo, SITE, Suzan Pitt, Les Levine, Edwin Schlossberg, Kim Steele, Jose Gracia Severo, Barbara Kruger, Lynn Hershman, Jenny Holzer, Tod Siler, Dan Friedman, and Andrew "Zephyr" Witten. The shirts were a part of the WilliWear Productions’ collection and video presentation Made in New York (1984). Made in New York, directed by Les Levine, was the first short film project that WilliWear commissioned to present <mask>'s clothes in motion on the street and to combine the disciplines of art, fashion, and film in one form. In 1985, <mask> also worked with Max Vadukul to direct the short film Expedition, which was shot in Senegal and showcased ensembles inspired by Senegalese street fashion. Expedition debuted in New York at the Ziegfeld theater.<mask> showcased his designs through film in Made in New York (1984) and Expedition (1985), as well as for film in Spike Lee’s School Daze (1987), creating the homecoming court costumes. Elements of film were also included in the presentation

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith


texts:
 of the Fall 1983 WilliWear collection "Street Couture", held at the Puck Building, and incorporated video art by Juan Downey, music by Jorge Socarras, and makeup by Linda Mason. The presentation of  the Spring 1983 WilliWear collection "City Island", featured video art, which was created by artist Nam June Paik. Other significant WilliWear collections include the Fall 1984 collection "SUB-Urban", Spring 1985 collection "Sightseeing", the 1984 collection for WilliWear Productions’ Made in New York, and the 1985 collection for Expedition. From 1982 to 1987, WilliWear showrooms and boutiques in New York City and London were designed by the conceptual design and architecture studio SITE, led by partners Alison Sky and James Wines. For the WilliWear showroom on 209 W 38th Street in New York City, SITE partnered with <mask> and Mallet to design a monochrome streetscape with a sidewalk doubling as a runway and chain-link fencing serving as display racks. Additionally, <mask> designed the suits for Edwin Schlossberg and his groomsmen when he married Caroline Kennedy, in 1986, and designed the wedding dress worn by Mary Jane Watson when she married Peter Parker in the Amazing Spider-Man Annual #21, in 1987.<mask> also designed the uniforms for the workers on Jeanne-Claude and Christo's 1983 installation Surrounded Islands as well as for Pont Neuf Wrapped (1985) in Paris, France. Death
On April 16, 1987, <mask> was admitted to Mt. Sinai Medical Center in New York City after contracting shigella and pneumonia while on a fabric buying trip to India in February 1987. He died of pneumonia complicated by shigella the following day at the age of 39. According to


texts:
 <mask>'s lawyer Edward Hayes, <mask>'s death was AIDS-related. <mask> was apparently unaware that he had contracted the virus and had shown no symptoms. It was only after he was hospitalized that tests revealed he was HIV positive.Mallet later said that while the designer was always "fragile" and often too sick to work, she did not feel that he was seriously ill. When asked if <mask> had any idea that he had AIDS, Mallet said that <mask> never confided this to her, but she felt "maybe he had some idea, some feeling." <mask>'s funeral was held on April 20 at the Frank E. Campbell Funeral Chapel in Manhattan, after which his remains were cremated. On May 1, 1987, a memorial service was held for <mask> at his alma mater, Parsons The New School for Design. <mask>, who was openly gay, has a panel in the original NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt. <mask> is also lamented in a poem "Speak: A Poem for the Millennium March", by Keith Boykin, read by its author for the Millennium March on Washington for Equality on April 29, 2000. Legacy
<mask> <mask> was one of the first American designers to create clothing inspired by and for everyday people and what they wore on city streets – making his sportswear a bridge to commercial streetwear.<mask> also sourced natural fabrics from India for WilliWear collections. The designer blurred the lines of gendered fashion in American sportswear with garments created for both his WilliWear Men's and Women's collections. <mask> also played a key role in the democratization of fashion by keeping WilliWear at an affordable price-point, as well as by partnering with pattern companies Butterick and McCall's to produce home

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Willi Smith Smith Smith


texts: sewing patterns of his collections. He sought not to target an exclusive clientele with his work, but instead to ensure that his clothing could be worn by people from varied backgrounds. <mask>'s label WilliWear set the stage for later streetwear brands such as FUBU and WalkerWear. <mask>'s gender-neutral collections for WilliWear can be seen as precursors for contemporary gender-neutral brands such as One DNA and the Phluid Project. <mask>'s influence can also be seen in brands such as Supreme, Off-White, Telfar, Vaquera, Eckhaus Latta and Pyer Moss.Additionally, many young designers and artists worked at WilliWear before launching their own successful careers and labels, including Antthony Mark Hankins, James Mischka, Jon Coffelt, John Bartlett, and Andre Walker, among many others. While WilliWear was very successful, the company had experienced creative, quality, and merchandising problems in the year before <mask>'s death. In an effort to remedy these problems, <mask>'s business partner Laurie Mallet hired a new staff and brought in additional designers in an effort to appeal to a more sophisticated demographic. After <mask>'s death, Mallet vowed to continue the line. In late 1987 and 1988, she opened WilliWear stores in Paris and New York City (a London location was opened before <mask>'s death which proved to be very successful). However, Mallet struggled to maintain the success the line had when <mask> was alive. By 1989, sales had decreased.In November 1989, Mallet hired then up and coming designer Andre Young to design the line's Fall 1990 collection. Upon its debut in April, the line was panned by critics. To save money, Mallet closed

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith


texts:
 the WilliWear stores and tried to generate revenue by convincing chain stores to carry the line. Mallet's efforts failed and, in 1990, the women's division of WilliWear ceased production. Shortly thereafter, the men's division also ceased production. Exhibitions
In 1981, <mask> <mask> participated in the Black Fashion Museum’s Bridal Gowns of Black Designers exhibition. He designed a two-piece wedding ensemble consisting of “a rajah style jacket in cotton satin and velveteen jodhpurs,” which was prominently displayed during the show.The following year, <mask> participated in the Project Space One (MoMA PS1) exhibition Art As Damaged Goods. <mask> and Mallet also collaborated with local art galleries, which hosted early WilliWear and WilliWear Productions fashion shows. The line of artist T-shirts for WilliWear Productions was first exhibited at the Ronald Feldman Gallery, then during the Artventure fundraiser hosted at AREA by the Public Art Fund in 1984.

Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum hosted the first retrospective exhibition on <mask> <mask> from March 13, 2020. The show was scheduled to end on October 25, 2020. The exhibition was curated by Alexandra Cunningham Cameron, Curator of Contemporary Design, and Hintz Secretarial Scholar at Cooper Hewitt with Curatorial Assistants Julie Pastor and Darnell Jamal Lisby. The collaborative and accessible nature of <mask> <mask>'s work was highlighted through the exhibition and will be incorporated to a greater extent through the Willi Smith Digital Community Archive, which the public can contribute to. The archive serves as a resource for scholars and enthusiasts to gain greater insight and

masks: Willi Smith Smith Smith Willi Smith Willi Smith


texts:
 understanding into the life, work, and legacy of the visionary American designer.Due to the coronavirus pandemic, the exhibit was closed at the end of its opening day. Awards
 <mask> earned two scholarships to attend Parsons School of Design in 1965. In September 1983, <mask> won an American Fashion Critics' Coty Award for women's fashion. He was the second African American designer to win the award, the first being Stephen Burrows. In 1985, <mask> won a Cutty Sark Men's Fashion Award. In 1988, then New York City mayor David Dinkins proclaimed February 23 "Willi Smith Day" in honor of the designer's achievements. In 2002, <mask> was honored with a bronze plaque for Fashion Walk of Fame along Seventh Avenue.References

External links
 <mask> <mask> bio

1948 births
1987 deaths
African-American artists
African-American fashion designers
AIDS-related deaths in New York (state)
American fashion businesspeople
American fashion designers
Artists from Philadelphia
Gay artists
Deaths from pneumonia in New York (state)
LGBT African Americans
LGBT fashion designers
LGBT people from Pennsylvania
Menswear designers
Parsons School of Design alumni
University of the Arts (Philadelphia) alumni
20th-century African-American people
20th-century LGBT

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith Willi Smith


texts:
<mask> (November 4, 1985 – December 14, 2012) was an American teacher who was killed in the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. After the gunman entered the school, she hid her students; when the students later ran from their hiding places, she reportedly got shot four times by the gunman and died trying to shield them with her body. She has since been hailed as a hero. She is a posthumous recipient of the Presidential Citizens Medal. Plans and petitions to honor her by name via scholarships, roads, and schools were announced in late 2012 and 2013. The Stratford Town Council unanimously approved a resolution to name a school after <mask> and the city of Bayamón, Puerto Rico, birthplace of <mask>'s father, is planning to name a public facility after her. Biography
<mask> was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, to <mask>, a native of Bayamón, Puerto Rico, and <mask>, of Irish-American descent.Her father worked for the Connecticut Department of Transportation as a crane operator and her mother was a nurse at Bridgeport Hospital. Her family moved to Stratford, Connecticut, and she graduated from Stratford High School in 2003. In 2008, she earned bachelor's degrees in both education and history at Eastern Connecticut State University. She then enrolled in graduate school at Southern Connecticut State University. Death
On December 14, 2012, <mask> was teaching her first grade class at Sandy Hook Elementary School, when Adam Lanza made his way into the school, and began to shoot staff and students. After killing fourteen students and two teachers in the first classroom, Lanza entered <mask>'s classroom. Media reports state that <mask> had hidden several children in a closet, and when Lanza entered her classroom, <mask> told him that the children were not there and that they were in the school gym.When several children ran from their hiding places, Lanza began shooting at the students. <mask> was reportedly shot trying to shield them with her body. A photograph

masks:
Victoria Leigh Soto
Soto
Soto
Soto
Carlos Soto
Donna Fagan Soto
Soto
Soto
Soto
Soto
Soto


texts:
 of <mask>'s sister awaiting news of her sister on her cell phone was taken by Associated Press photographer Jessica Hill and widely reproduced across the globe. Some news outlets labeled the photograph "iconic" and said that it has come to symbolize the tragedy. Funeral
A memorial service was held on December 15, and funeral services took place on December 19 at the Lordship Community Church. American musician and songwriter Paul Simon performed at the funeral services and sang "The Sound of Silence". On December 20, she was interred at Union Cemetery Stratford, Fairfield County, Connecticut.The Connecticut State Police honor guard saluted <mask>'s hearse en route. Legacy

In December 2012, Eastern Connecticut State University announced the creation of the <mask> Leigh Soto Endowed Memorial Scholarship Fund, awarded to students who aspire to become teachers. In December 2012, residents started a petition to rename North Parade in Stratford, Connecticut, to "Victoria Soto Way." On December 17, 2012, the Stratford High School Class of 2003 established the "<mask> L. <mask> Memorial Fund" in her honor. The fund will use the donations made to help pay for the funeral services and for the creation of a memorial at Stratford High School and a scholarship fund in the name of <mask>, a former classmate who belonged to the Class of 2003. On January 14, 2013, the mayor of Stratford proposed the naming of a local school as the Victoria Soto Elementary School, with construction starting in 2013. The mayor's proposal was unanimously approved by the Stratford Town Council.The mayor also stated that a fund will be set up to accept donations from those who want to contribute to a memorial, which may include a statue of <mask>. In 2013, the Victoria Soto ACERO High School, located at W 51st Street, opened in Chicago, Illinois. It was designed by Wight & Co. The Victoria Soto ACERO High School is a public, charter school with grades ranging from kindergarten to the 12th

masks: Soto Soto Victoria Victoria Soto Soto Soto


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 grade. The City of Bayamón, Puerto Rico is planning to name a public facility after <mask>, whose paternal family was originally from Puerto Rico's second-most populous city. On February 15, 2013, <mask> and the other five adult teachers and administrators, who were killed, were posthumously awarded the Presidential Citizens Medal. The medal honors Americans who have performed "exemplary deeds of service" for their country or fellow citizens.The medal is commonly recognized as the government's second-highest civilian award and was presented to the families of the victims by President Barack Obama at a White House ceremony. The Nutmeg Big Brothers Big Sisters organization created the "Victoria Soto Volunteer Award" in honor of <mask>, who was a former Nutmeg mentor. On April 25, 2013, Ana Robles, a Nutmeg mentor, became the first recipient of the award. In June 2013, a playground in Long Brook Park in Stratford was named the "<mask> Memorial Playground" in her honor. In 2015, the Victoria Soto School was inaugurated and opened, with a ribbon cutting ceremony, in Stratford, where she attended high school. The school, which was named in her honor, serves students from pre-kindergarten through second grade. See also

 List of Irish Americans
 List of Puerto Ricans
 List of Puerto Rican Presidential Citizens Medal recipients

References

External links
<mask> <mask> on Find A Grave

1985 births
2012 deaths
American murder victims
American people of Irish descent
American people of Puerto Rican descent
Schoolteachers from Connecticut
21st-century American women educators
People from Bridgeport, Connecticut
Presidential Citizens Medal recipients
Burials in Connecticut
Southern Connecticut State University alumni
Eastern Connecticut State University alumni
Deaths by firearm in Connecticut
People from Stratford, Connecticut
People murdered in Connecticut
21st-century American educators
Assassinated people
Assassinated educators
Hispanic and Latino American

masks:
Soto
Soto
Soto
Victoria Soto
Victoria Leigh
Soto


texts: <mask> (; born 5 January 1956) is a German politician and statesman serving as President of Germany since 19 March 2017. He was previously Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2005 to 2009 and again from 2013 to 2017, as well as Vice-Chancellor of Germany from 2007 to 2009. Steinmeier was chairman-in-office of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) in 2016. Steinmeier is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), holds a doctorate in law and was formerly a career civil servant. He was a close aide of Gerhard Schröder when Schröder was Prime Minister of Lower Saxony during most of the 1990s, and served as Schröder's chief of staff from 1996. When Schröder became Chancellor of Germany in 1998, Steinmeier was appointed Under-Secretary of State in the German Chancellery with the responsibility for the intelligence services. From 1999 to 2005 he served as Chief of Staff of the Chancellery.Following the 2005 federal election, Steinmeier became Foreign Minister in the first grand coalition government of Angela Merkel, and from 2007 he additionally held the office of vice chancellor. In 2008, he briefly served as acting chairman of his party. He was the SPD's candidate for chancellor in the 2009 federal election, but his party lost the election and he left the federal cabinet to become leader of the opposition. Following the 2013 federal election, he again became Minister for Foreign Affairs in Merkel's second grand coalition. In November 2016 he was announced as the candidate for President of Germany of the governing coalition, consisting of his own party and the CDU/CSU, and thus became the presumptive electee, as the coalition held a large majority in the Federal Convention. He left the cabinet on 27


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 January 2017. He was elected president by the Federal Convention on 12 February 2017 with 74% of the vote.On 13 February 2022, he was re-elected by the Federal Convention for a second and final term with 71% of the vote. Steinmeier belongs to the right wing of the SPD, known as reformists and moderates. As chief of staff he was a principal architect of Agenda 2010, the Schröder government's controversial reforms of the welfare state. His lenient policies toward countries such as Russia and China have earned him criticism both in Germany and internationally, and he has been criticized for prioritizing German business interests over human rights. Personal life

Early life
Steinmeier was born in 1956 in Detmold. Although his full name is Frank-Walter, his friends call him Frank. His father, a carpenter, was affiliated with the Church of Lippe (one of Germany's few Calvinist regional church bodies, and a member church of the Evangelical Church of Germany).His mother, born in Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland), came as a refugee from a Lutheran part of Silesia during the flight and expulsion of Germans after World War II. Education
Following his Abitur, Steinmeier did his military service from 1974 to 1976, then studied law and political science at the Justus Liebig University Giessen, where Brigitte Zypries was a fellow student. In 1982 he passed his first and in 1986 his second state examination in law. Steinmeier worked as a scientific assistant to the professor of public law and political science at Giessen University until he obtained his doctorate of law in 1991. His dissertation explored the state's role in preventing homelessness. Family life
Steinmeier is married and has one daughter. On 24 August 2010, he donated a kidney to his


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 wife, Elke Büdenbender.In 2015, Steinmeier served as best man at the wedding of Rüdiger Grube and Cornelia Poletto in Hamburg. Interests
Steinmeier enjoys jazz, and is an avid football fan. Religion
Steinmeier is a Reformed Protestant and an active member of the Reformed Bethlehem congregation in Berlin-Neukölln. He was baptized into his father's church (the Church of Lippe) as a youth. Political career

Early career
Steinmeier became an adviser in 1991 for Law of Communication media and media guidelines in the State Chancellery of Lower Saxony in Hanover. In 1993, he became director of the Personal Office for the prime minister of Lower Saxony, Gerhard Schröder. In 1996, he became the Undersecretary of State and director of the State Chancellery of Lower Saxony.Chief of Staff of the Chancellery, 1999–2005
Steinmeier was appointed in November 1998 as undersecretary of state at the office of the chancellor following Schröder's election victory. He replaced Bodo Hombach as the head of the office of the chancellor in 1999. During this period Steinmeier was also one of the advisors to Schröder. He was crucial in securing a red-green majority in parliament for Schröder's contentious "Agenda 2010" of economic reforms. Because of his effective management beyond the spotlight of politics, he was nicknamed Die Graue Effizienz (The Grey Efficiency) —a pun on Graue Eminenz, the German for éminence grise. Under Schröder, Steinmeier was responsible for co-ordinating Germany's intelligence services. In 2003, he supported Schröder in his controversial decision to forge a coalition with Russia and France against the U.S.-led war against Iraq.Meanwhile, he approved the decision to install a German intelligence officer in the Qatar-based office of


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 General Tommy Franks, the American commander of the U.S. invasion in Iraq, who passed on to the United States information being gathered in Baghdad by two German intelligence officers operating there. In 2004, Steinmeier participated in diplomatic negotiations settling on compensation payments with Libya for victims of the 1986 terrorist bombing of the LaBelle disco in Berlin. A major controversy during Steinmeier's term as chief of staff was the imprisonment of a German-born Turk, Murat Kurnaz, in Guantánamo Bay from 2002 until August 2006. Steinmeier denied during a parliamentary inquiry in March 2007 that he had blocked Kurnaz's release. Instead, he claimed that Berlin had feared Kurnaz was a threat and should go to Turkey, not Germany, if released. Only after Merkel's election was Kurnaz released and brought back to Germany. First term as Foreign Minister, 2005–2009
On 22 November 2005, after the 2005 federal elections, Steinmeier became Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Grand coalition cabinet led by Angela Merkel.He was the first SPD Foreign Minister since Willy Brandt (1966–1969). Upon taking office, Steinmeier led the preparations for Germany taking over the rotating presidency of the Council of the European Union in the first half of 2007. Following Franz Müntefering's departure from the cabinet on 21 November 2007, Steinmeier also filled the position of Vice-Chancellor. During his time in office, Steinmeier was widely regarded as having good working relations with Angela Merkel but often taking a different stance on foreign affairs. By and large, he allowed Merkel to set the pace in foreign policy., working harmoniously with her on a range of foreign policy issues, from confronting Iran over its nuclear program to


texts: negotiating binding goals to combat climate change. In one significant foreign-policy disagreement, Steinmeier held in 2009 that Germany should by 2013 lay the groundwork for withdrawing its troops from Afghanistan, a deployment that around two-thirds of Germans opposed by then. Unlike Merkel, he also favored Turkish entry into the European Union.Also, Steinmeier became known for his rather Russia-friendly stance, arguing strenuously for engagement with the increasingly assertive power to the east, rather than its isolation. He formulated a policy toward Russia deliberately reminiscent of "Ostpolitik", the eastward-facing policy pioneered by Chancellor Willy Brandt in the early 1970s. Together with Gernot Erler, the SPD's leading Russia expert and the deputy foreign minister, Steinmeier initiated Germany's so-called Partnership for Modernization with Russia (announced in 2008), which became an official EU policy in 2010. Pressed by lawmakers to say more on his attitude toward Russia in the wake of the high-profile murders of opposition figures Anna Politkovskaya and Alexander Litvinenko at a 2007 hearing at the European Parliament, Steinmeier stated that "[t]here is a certain trend toward [media] hysterics and one needs to get a sense of reason back into the debate". In May 2008, he became the first foreign official to hold talks with President Dmitri Medvedev and Prime Minister Vladimir Putin after they took up their new positions following the 2008 presidential elections. In 2006, Foreign Affairs published an analysis of the state of US and Russian nuclear forces, concluding that post-Cold War US nuclear forces seemed designed to carry out a preemptive strike against Russia or China and that the planned missile defense would be


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 valuable primarily in an offensive context as an adjunct to a US first-strike capability. The article elicited a semi-official Russian response from ex-PM Yegor Gaidar in the Financial Times a few days later.In 2007, the US government reportedly was reportedly deeply irritated, although publicly silent, about Steinmeier, who had sounded supportive of Russian accusations that a planned US missile defense complex in Poland would upset the strategic balance in Europe – and who then left without challenge Russian General Nikolai Solovtsov's threat of retaliation against Poland and the Czech Republic if they deployed U.S. defensive systems. Russian opposition activists later celebrated when Steinmeier and the SDP lost the 2009 election, signaling their discontent with Steinmeier. Oleg Petrovich Orlov, head of the Memorial human rights group, said that Steinmeier had prolonged Schröder's policies on Russia and that Germany's policies were "extremely bad for civil society, democracy and the country as a whole". In February 2009, Steinmeier became the first member of Merkel's cabinet to be received by the incoming Obama administration. During his time in office, Steinmeier managed to extract German hostages from Iraq and Yemen. In 2007, he also succeeded in securing the release of a German citizen who was imprisoned in Iran for illegally entering the country's waters on a fishing expedition. Steinmeier served as acting chairman of the SPD from 7 September 2008 to 18 October 2008.Domestically, throughout his term he was the only major politician with approval ratings consistently as high as or higher than Merkel's. This was helped by the especially high ratings foreign ministers generally receive in Germany. Opposition leader, 2009–2013
On 7


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 September 2008, following the resignation of SPD chairman Kurt Beck, Steinmeier was chosen as the SPD candidate for chancellor for the 2009 federal elections and also designated as acting SPD Chairman, pending the return of Müntefering to that position. In his election campaign, he argued for new tax rules to deter high executive pay and bonuses, and for minimum wages to slow the growing gap between Germany's highest and lowest earners. He also focused on improving public healthcare. After the SPD's decisive defeat in the elections – the party's worst performance since World War II by then – Steinmeier, who had been elected to represent Brandenburg an der Havel – Potsdam-Mittelmark I – Havelland III – Teltow-Fläming I, was elected Peter Struck's successor as chairman of the SPD's parliamentary group in the Bundestag, and as such leader of the opposition. After a hospitalization for donating a kidney to his wife in August 2010, Steinmeier returned to his office in October 2010.During his time as leader of the parliamentary opposition, Steinmeier regularly accused Angela Merkel's government of increasing the national debt and pandering to the rich. In 2011, Steinmeier argued that Merkel's decision to appoint her economics adviser, Jens Weidmann, to be the next head of Bundesbank undermined the political independence and public trust in the German central bank. In late 2012, Steinmeier was once again considered a possible candidate to challenge Chancellor Angela Merkel in the 2013 general election, but soon withdrew from the contest. As a consequence, SPD chairman Sigmar Gabriel later announced that the leadership agreed to nominate Peer Steinbrück. Second term as Foreign Minister, 2013–2017

After the elections of 2013 and the new


texts: grand coalition government, Steinmeier was appointed foreign minister for a second time in December 2013. He replaced Guido Westerwelle, who had signed the P5+1 accord with Iran in November 2013. His deputies are Michael Roth (SPD) and Maria Böhmer (CDU).Upon taking office, Steinmeier initiated an ambitious review of Germany's foreign policy, holding meetings nationwide and drawing in more than 12,000 people who work at the ministry or abroad. Over the course of 2014, Steinmeier alternated with Merkel as Germany's most popular politician in polls of eligible voters. In light of criticism from the United States, Steinmeier has stood firm on Germany's approach in the Ukraine conflict, where it was balancing support for European economic sanctions on Russia with leaving the door open to a revived partnership. In May 2014, he proposed a greater mediation role for the OSCE, including the convening of local "round table" talks in Ukraine to defuse conflicts. Between 2015 and 2016, Steinmeier hosted a series of Normandy format meetings in Berlin to negotiate a solution of the situation in the East of Ukraine. During the Minsk II talks on a ceasefire for eastern Ukraine in early 2015, he successfully negotiated with Russian President Vladimir Putin on allowing German doctors to visit Ukrainian military pilot Nadiya Savchenko, who had been on hunger strike for more than two months in a Russian jail. Steinmeier has in the past repeatedly ruled out arms shipments to resolve the yearlong conflict.In 2015, Steinmeier hosted a meeting of the delegations from Libya's two rival governments, who were battling for control of the country, and United Nations Special Representative Bernardino León to discuss a UN-sponsored peace and power-sharing


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 proposal despite splits among some of the parties. Steinmeier later was instrumental in convening the International Syria Support Group (ISSG) and the Syria peace talks in Vienna in October 2015, drawing together Saudi Arabia; its main regional rival, Iran; as well as Russia, the United States and other Western powers and regional actors including Turkey and Iraq. Candidacy for President
President Joachim Gauck announced in June 2016 that he would not run for re-election, resulting in a search for a candidate to succeed him. In November 2016, Chancellor Angela Merkel's conservatives agreed with the Social Democrats to support Steinmeier's candidacy for president in the presidential election, scheduled for 12 February 2017. Merkel had originally wanted to nominate Green politician Marianne Birthler, and as the CDU/CSU and the Greens control a majority in the Federal Convention, Birthler's election would have been secured. However, Birthler after some time decided not to run. On 12 February 2017 Germany's 16th Federal Convention elected Steinmeier President on the first ballot, with 931 votes out of a total of 1,260.Presidency 2017–present
Steinmeier took office as President of Germany on 19 March 2017, after the expiration of his predecessor's term in office, and on 22 March 2017 he took the oath that newly invested presidents must take before a joint session of the Bundestag and the Bundesrat, according to the Basic Law. On the 13 February 2022 he was re-elected as President. German federal election 2017
Following the federal election in September 2017, coalition talks began between the Christian Democratic Union, Christian Social Union, Free Democratic Party and the Green Party. The talks continued for 4 weeks until just past


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 midnight on 20 November when the Free Democrats and their leader Christian Lindner walked out of the talks and they subsequently collapsed. The collapse of the talks left another Grand Coalition as the only coalition with a majority in the Bundestag; this however seemed difficult, as the Leader of the Social Democratic Party Martin Schulz had ruled out another Grand Coalition on multiple occasions. In the following weeks, Steinmeier played an important role in the formation of the next government. This is because if the Bundestag fails to elect a chancellor in 14 days of voting, the president can either appoint the individual with most votes to lead a minority government or dissolve the Bundestag and call new elections.This type of political crisis had never been seen in Germany before and pushed the president into a quite powerful position which is rare for Germany. Steinmeier declared he would not consider a dissolution of the Bundestag as a preferable solution, and managed to persuade Schulz to meet with Angela Merkel and start preliminary talks. After long coalition talks, CDU, CSU and SPD formed a new grand coalition. Merkel was re-elected in the Bundestag on 14 March 2018. Presidential visits to foreign countries

Political positions

Human rights
In the past, Human Rights Watch has labeled Steinmeier as "Realpolitik advocate", for whom, "when it comes to defining his relationship with countries such as Russia and China, human rights play only a subordinate role". In Steinmeier's opinion, the "[r]ejection of capital punishment is one of the keystones of German human-rights policy. The death penalty goes against our fundamental ethic and moral principles".He personally called for the abolition of the death penalty in Uzbekistan;


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 capital punishment in Uzbekistan has been abolished since 2008. In April 2014, he summoned the Egyptian ambassador Mohamed Higazy after a Cairo court sentenced 683 individuals to death for inciting violence during protests in summer 2013, following the military overthrow of elected President Mohammed Morsi. Following the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt, he warned that any move by Turkey to reinstate the death penalty would derail its efforts to join the European Union. In response to the protests following the 2009 Iranian presidential election against the disputed victory of Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Steinmeier condemned what he called "brutal actions" against demonstrators in Tehran and summoned the Iranian ambassador Alireza Sheikhattar to explain. European integration
After Germany had only narrowly managed to avoid a deficit warning from the European Commission in 2002, Schröder and Steinmeier became the driving forces behind weakening the Stability and Growth Pact, a rule-based framework for the coordination of national fiscal policies originally intended as the guarantor of a stable euro. In a joint article in the Financial Times on 14 December 2010, Steinmeier and Peer Steinbrück proposed to solve the European debt crisis with "a combination of a haircut for debt holders, debt guarantees for stable countries and the limited introduction of European-wide bonds in the medium term, accompanied by more aligned fiscal policies". In February 2011, Steinmeier proposed Steinbrück as a candidate to lead the European Central Bank.Under Steinmeier's parliamentary leadership, the Social Democrats raised pressure on Chancellor Angela Merkel to agree to more burden-sharing to stem the euro zone crisis, repeatedly calling on


texts: her to assume greater risks to avert a breakup of the single currency. In both February and November 2012, his parliamentary group voted largely in favour of the Merkel government's proposal for eurozone bailout packages for Greece, while criticizing the measures as being "not an enduring solution for the Greeks". In July 2014, he helped build the opposition's support for a euro zone rescue package for Spanish banks. Later, as foreign minister, he publicly advised against "frivolous" talk of a Greek withdrawal from the eurozone, calling for a serious search for a solution. Reacting to a growth of euro-skeptic political parties across Europe by early 2014, Steinmeier offered the United Kingdom limited support on renegotiating the Treaties of the European Union, saying Germany wanted to see Britain's influence in the "midst" of the EU, not on "the sidelines". After Britain's vote to leave the EU in 2016, he argued that the union lacked the cohesion to undertake major new integration steps and should instead focus on migration, high youth unemployment and security. At the same time, Steinmeier worked to develop new formats and revive new ones.In December 2014, he met with the foreign ministers from the three Nordic countries Denmark, Finland and Sweden – Margot Wallström, Erkki Tuomioja and Martin Lidegaard – for the so-called "N3 + 1" format to discuss issues of common concern for the first time. In August 2016, he joined French foreign minister Jean-Marc Ayrault in pledging to "reinvigorate" the Weimar Triangle and published a document 'A strong Europe in a world of uncertainties'. Between 2014 and 2016, he visited the three Baltic states – Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania – six times, the highest number of visits by any German Foreign


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 Minister. Also in late 2014, Steinmeier and his British counterpart Philip Hammond united in a bid to end a deadlock in relations between Bosnia and the European Union, arguing that the EU should abandon its insistence on changes to Bosnia's electoral code as a precondition for a Stabilization and Association Agreement on the path to EU membership. Energy policy
In 2007, Steinmeier said he opposes European Commission proposals on unbundling the ownership of energy networks in the European Union, as it was proposed in the Third Energy Package. Relations with France
On 14 May 2014, Steinmeier became the first German foreign minister to attend a meeting of the French cabinet. Together with his French counterpart Laurent Fabius, he flew on several joint diplomatic missions between 2014 and 2015, including to Moldova, Georgia, Tunisia, Nigeria and Bangladesh.In 2016, he joined Fabius' successor Jean-Marc Ayrault for trips to Ukraine, Libya, Mali and Niger. Relations with Russia

In May 2007, the daily Financial Times Deutschland reported that Steinmeier had served as mediator in the so-called Bronze Night controversy, an Estonia-Russia dispute over the removal of a Red Army memorial in Tallinn. According to the report, Steinmeier suggested the Estonian ambassador to Russia, Marina Kaljurand, go on vacation in an effort to calm the situation. Steinmeier called his Russian counterpart Sergei Lavrov to suggest not only that Kaljurand take a holiday, but also that Russia drop the dispute for the time being. After speaking with Lavrov, Steinmeier reportedly called Estonian Foreign Minister Urmas Paet and got him to agree to the deal. Kaljurand left Moscow for a two-week vacation and pro-Kremlin youth activists blockading the Estonian embassy


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 in Moscow ended their protests the same day. Upon returning to government in late 2013, Steinmeier criticized Russia in his inaugural speech for exploiting Ukraine's economic plight to prevent it from signing the Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement.In March 2014, he defended Russia's membership of the G8, saying "The format of the G8 is actually the only one in which we in the West can speak directly with Russia." When Germany held the chairmanship of the group in 2015, he maintained that excluding Russia over its actions in Ukraine was a necessary step but not a goal in itself; citing the Middle East, he argued that "a look at the world shows that we need Russia as a constructive partner in a number of conflicts". In a 2015 letter to Cecilia Malmström, the EU's trade chief, Steinmeier proposed a joint declaration between the EU and Russia offering Moscow the prospect of long-sought investment and energy concessions to create a more integrated economic area from the Atlantic to the Pacific. According to the letter, "by the content of this declaration we could respond to Russia's wishes and begin a closer exchange of views on energy and investment protection issues, even if the Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement does not directly touch on them". In June 2016, Steinmeier criticised NATO 'warmongering' on Russia: "The one thing we shouldn't do now is inflame the situation with loud sabre-rattling and warmongering." The CDU politicians Volker Bouffier and Herbert Reul criticised him for his stance on Russia, but his comments were welcomed by the Russian media. Relations with the United States
Steinmeier voiced his support for Barack Obama when Obama was still a presidential candidate, and supported Obama's wish to


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 deliver a speech before the iconic Brandenburg Gate during the 2008 U.S. presidential campaign.In 2016 Steinmeier described then-U.S. presidential candidate Donald Trump as a "hate preacher". After Trump's election, Steinmeier refused to congratulate him, and condemned Trump's views. He has been described as "the German government's most strident detractor" of Trump. Relations with Central Asia
During a 2006 meeting with Turkmen President Saparmurat Niyazov, Steinmeier criticized Turkmenistan for its slow progress in implementing the rule of law and human rights and said that the state's progress in carrying out political reforms had been "too halting". When Germany chaired a United Nations group aimed at resolving 2008 Russo-Georgian diplomatic crisis, Steinmeier presented to the three conflict parties – Georgia, Abkhazia and Russia – a plan which included a three-stage peace proposal, entailing an end to violence, confidence-building measures over the following year that could lead to the resumption of direct talks between Georgia and Abkhazia, and the return of about 250,000 Georgian refugees to Abkhazia. However, both Georgia and Abkhazia rejected the proposal. In September 2008, Steinmeier called for an international probe into the conflict over Georgia's breakaway provinces.During a 2014 visit to the country, he reiterated that membership of NATO and of the EU would remain off the cards for a long while to come. In August 2006, Steinmeier made his first visit to Afghanistan, where Germany had taken over the command of the 21,000-strong NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) shortly before. Ahead of the 2009 federal elections, Steinmeier – then still in his capacity as foreign minister – commissioned an internal


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 report on Germany's engagement in Afghanistan which recommended that Germany should start pulling out of the country within four years; at the time, this was seen as a stark departure from Steinmeier's earlier insistence Germany should not set a date for withdrawing its then 4,200-strong contingent from the north of Afghanistan as the move could play into the hands of Taliban insurgents. In October 2014, Steinmeier visited both Armenia and Azerbaijan to facilitate a negotiated solution to the long-standing conflict over Nagorny Karabakh, a region of Azerbaijan controlled by ethnic Armenians. In 2016, he returned to both countries to in his capacity as chairman of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) to reinvigorate the talks. Israeli–Palestinian conflict
In the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, Steinmeier supports a two-state solution and calls for an end to the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories. He welcomed the United Nations Security Council Resolution 2334 and said the Israeli settlements on occupied territory form an obstacle to peace and a two-state solution.He further said that "a democratic Israel is achievable only through a two-state-solution". Steinmeier praised the speech by US Secretary of State John Kerry which outlined the United States' position on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in December 2016; in the speech Kerry said a peace agreement must be based on the 1967 lines, that all citizens must enjoy equal rights, that occupation must end, that the Palestinian refugee issue must be resolved, and that Jerusalem must be the capital of both states, and criticised the Netanyahu government's agenda as driven by "extreme elements". Relations with Iran

Steinmeier is a staunch proponent


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 of the Iran nuclear deal framework, and has called the agreement "an opening for further diplomatic endeavors". Relations with the Arab world
Steinmeier has visited the Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan twice to learn more about the plight of Syrians fleeing the violence in the ongoing Syrian civil war that erupted in 2011, first in his capacity as chairman of the SPD parliamentary group in May 2013 and later as foreign minister in May 2015. In early 2014, upon taking office as foreign minister, he agreed with Chancellor Angela Merkel and Defence Minister Ursula von der Leyen that Germany would help destroy Syria's arsenal of chemical weapons materials as part of an international disarmament program. In October 2014, he co-chaired the Berlin Conference on the Syrian Refugee Situation along with Development Minister Gerd Müller and the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, António Guterres. In March 2015, Steinmeier said he "can understand" Saudi Arabia's decision to mount a military intervention in Yemen and acknowledged the operation had "support from the region".However, he said the crisis could not be solved by violence and urged a negotiated solution. Relations with Greece
Steinmeier has rejected claims for war reparations from the Greek Syriza party in response to Germany's position on the Greek government-debt crisis. When incoming Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras, in his first major speech to parliament in early 2015, pledged to seek war reparations from Germany, Steinmeier replied to Greek Foreign Minister Nikos Kotzias that Germany was fully aware of its political and moral responsibility for the "terrible events" in Greece between 1941 and 1944 when German troops occupied the country. "Still, we are firmly convinced that all


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 reparations issues, including forced loans, are judicially settled once-and-for-all," Steinmeier said. Controversies

Refusal to meet with Dalai Lama
Steinmeier openly attacked Merkel over her 2007 meeting with the Dalai Lama, accusing the chancellor of "playing to public opinion" without regard for the effectiveness of the meeting in improving political or religious rights on the ground in China. In 2008, he refused to meet the Dalai Lama during his five-day visit, arguing that such a meeting could undermine international efforts to promote sustained contact between China and Tibet. Instead, Steinmeier issued the statement "it takes a lot of courage not to meet with the Dalai Lama these days", which The New York Times described as "extraordinarily cynical" and accused Steinmeier of prioritizing business interests over human rights.Murat Kurnaz torture case
In the case of Murat Kurnaz, innocently imprisoned in 2002 and tortured by the US, Steinmeier allegedly had an offer by the United States Department of Defense and the CIA already in September 2002 regarding a transfer of Murat Kurnaz to Germany, where he was born and raised. Kurnaz had been first sold as a terror suspect in Pakistan, then imprisoned in Afghanistan and later in Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, Cuba, until 2006. By refusing the offer Steinmeier is thought to have been politically directly responsible for his continued imprisonment. A BND-commission of enquiry was consulted. Armenian genocide denial

During a 2015 debate about Germany's recognition of the Armenian genocide on the occasion of its centenary, Steinmeier was the politician most reluctant to endorse it, mainly because of Germany's relations with Turkey. He was widely criticized for his position and accused


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 of Armenian genocide denial. When the German Bundestag almost unanimously approved a resolution in 2016 that recognises the killings of up to 1.5 million Armenians by Ottoman forces as a genocide, a description that Turkey strongly rejects, Steinmeier abstained from the vote and criticized the resolution in public; Steinmeier was one of only two of the 630 members of parliament who did not support the resolution.And Steinmeier alleged that calling Armenian massacres genocide risks belittling the Holocaust. Plagiarism allegations
Following the 2013 elections, Steinmeier became the first prominent member of the Social Democrats to be confronted with allegations that he plagiarized parts of his 1991 doctoral dissertation about the role of the state in the prevention of homelessness. Similar accusations had previously led to the resignation of two ministers of the Merkel government. In response, Steinmeier rejected the charges and said that he had asked the University of Giessen to check his dissertation for unacknowledged citations. In May 2013, a university committee for safeguarding academic practices found that Steinmeier had no fraudulent intent and had not committed academic misconduct in his dissertation. The committee did find "technical weaknesses" in Steinmeier's citations, but said they were not severe enough to consider revoking his


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<mask> (born 1969 in Laoting, Hebei) is a Chinese architect, director of Atelier Li Xinggang and vice chief architect of China Architectural Design & Research Group. He founded Atelier Li Xinggang in 2001, and including works with his studio has been involved in more than 30 projects. He has received several Chinese and international awards, and attended several exhibitions concerning architecture and art. Biography
<mask>g () was born in 1969. Upon graduating from the Department of Architecture, Tianjin University in 1991, he began to work in China Architecture Design & Research Group (CAG) China Architecture Design & Research Group to the present. In 2001, he acted as the chief architect of CAG. In 2003, he established his own atelier within CAG.<mask>g is always interested in the Chinese feature in architecture, so he focuses on the classical Chinese gardens and their contemporary characteristics, as well as applies the modern architecture languages of structure and form, skin and material. He intends to strengthen personal design power, and express his own value judgment and architectural philosophy on these two main routes. He has won several architecture honors and awards, and has also been invited to take part in some exhibitions concerning architecture and art. Atelier <mask>gang advocates the process of "Research + Design", and emphasizes the response of architecture to the specificities of context, nature, site, material, and user. Atelier <mask>ngang is self-sufficient being in charge of the full process of design as well as taking control of the building, interiors, and landscape. It is an approach to contemporary architectural works with cultural depth and aesthetic affection. Atelier <mask>nggang's research team is

masks:
Li Xinggang
Li Xinggan
Li Xinggan
Li Xing
Li Xi
Li Xi


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 interested in "Chinese Gardens – Settlements" and "Ancient Master’s Studies", as well as others innovations."To me, the enigma of Architecture exists in its longevity and antiquation – its endurance and history are the result of natural instinct and rational logic. The so-called process of "design" is the journey looking for an only and perfect solution, solely realized after analyzing the various given conditions and possibilities. Naturally, the journey and goal depend on the tendency or impressions of the architect, in this case me – a specific Chinese person." – <mask>nggang

Works
In his early works we can appreciate an interest in Chinese gardens. The design was just an expression of the fragmental feel of gardens. This influence continues during his career. Well known for his Sino/foreign cooperation in two big projects up to the moment, in Xihuan Plaza and the Xizhimen Transportation Hub, as the chief designer, he presided engineering design and particular work, cooperating with the French firm Arup it was just the beginning which gave him a basis for the Master Project of 2008 Beijing Olympic Games the design of “Bird’s Nest”, Beijing National Stadium.The dialogued with Herzog & de Meuron and the "structural" steel skin determining whether this design was in line with social demand and acceptable in China. The development of this "skin-space" concept together with Chinese gardens gave maturity to the Office, the design of <mask>nggang seems swinging between modernism and tradition, or the combination of both. We can see several applications such as Reconstruction of No. B-59-1, Wenchuan Earthquake Memorial, Fuxing Road, Xi'erqi station on Beijing Subway Line 13, and Hainan International Convention And Exhibition Center in

masks:
Li Xi
Li Xi


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<mask>  (born 2 August 1953) is a British educator and contemporary historian. As an author, he is known in part for his political biographies of Margaret Thatcher, John Major, Tony Blair, Gordon Brown, David Cameron and Theresa May. He was the 13th Master (headmaster) of Wellington College, one of Britain's co-educational independent boarding schools. He was Vice-Chancellor of the University of Buckingham from 2015 to 2020, when he was succeeded by James Tooley. In 2009, he set up The Wellington Academy, the first state school to carry the name of its founding independent school. Before that, he was head of Brighton College. <mask> is the author or editor of more than 35 books on contemporary history, politics and education.He was the co-founder and first director of the Centre for Contemporary British History, is the co-founder of Action for Happiness, is a governor of the Royal Shakespeare Company, and is on the board of a number of charities and educational bodies. He is also both honorary historical adviser to 10 Downing Street and a member of the First World War Centenary Culture Committee. <mask> was knighted in the 2014 Birthday Honours for services to education and modern political history. Early life and education

<mask> was born in Stepney, the youngest son of economist <mask>, who co-founded the Institute of Economic Affairs and directed academic affairs at the think tank for 30 years. His father was the child of Jewish immigrants who fled anti-semitic pogroms in Russia. <mask> was educated first at Bickley Park School, then Tonbridge School, followed by Worcester College, Oxford, where he received a BA degree in Politics, Philosophy and Economics. He then obtained a PhD degree in Economics at the London School of Economics in 1981.He also has an MBA degree from the Polytechnic of Central London. He qualified as a schoolteacher at King's College London.

masks:
Sir Anthony Francis Seldon
Seldon
Seldon
Seldon
Arthur Seldon
Seldon


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 <mask>'s first teaching appointment was at Whitgift School in Croydon in 1983, where he was Head of Politics and taught in the Sixth Form. In 1989 he returned to his old school, Tonbridge, and became Head of History and General Studies. In 1993 he was appointed Deputy Headmaster and, ultimately, Acting Headmaster of St Dunstan's College in London. He then became Headmaster of Brighton College from September 1997 until he joined Wellington College in January 2006 as its 13th Master. He became Executive Principal at The Wellington Academy (a separate school) in 2013.He took a three-month sabbatical from January to March 2014 (leaving Wellington to be run in the interim by his Second Master, Robin Dyer, who as Acting Master, stated it would be "business as usual"). Dr <mask> announced on 23 April 2014 that he would be leaving Wellington College in the summer of 2015, after nearly ten years as the 13th Master. In September 2015, he replaced Terence Kealey as Vice-Chancellor of University of Buckingham, the first private university in Britain. History, politics and other writing
<mask>'s books include Churchill's Indian Summer (1981), which won a Best First Work Prize; Major, A Political Life (1997); The Powers Behind the Prime Minister (1999) co-written with Professor Dennis Kavanagh; 10 Downing Street: The Illustrated History (2000); The Foreign Office: The Illustrated History Of The Place And Its People (2001); Blair (2004); Blair Unbound (2007), Trust (2009); Brown at 10 (2010) with Guy Lodge; Public Schools and The Great War (2013) with David Walsh; The Architecture of Diplomacy: The British Ambassador's Residence in Washington (2014) with Daniel Collings; and Cameron at 10 (2015) with Peter Snowdon. He has edited many books, including the series The Thatcher Effect (1989); The Major Effect (1994); The Blair Effect (2001); The Blair Effect 2001–2005 (2005); Blair's Britain

masks:
Career Seldon
Seldon
Seldon


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 (2007); and The Cameron Effect (2015) with Dr Mike Finn. Other edited books include Ruling Performance, with Professor Peter Hennessy and Conservative Century, with Professor Stuart Ball. He has written a number of booklets on education, including Private and Public Education: The Divide Must End (2000); Partnership not Paternalism (2001); An End To Factory Schools (2010); The Politics of Optimism (2012); and School United (2014).His 2011 Cass Lecture was published as 'Why Schools? Why Universities?' He also founded two journals, Contemporary British History (as Contemporary Record) and Twentieth Century British History. During his time at Brighton College, <mask> wrote Brave New City: Brighton & Hove Past, Present, Future, an analysis of the city of Brighton and Hove focused principally on its buildings. Work in education
<mask> is a head teacher and appears on television and radio and in the press, and has written regularly for national newspapers including The Times, The Sunday Times, The Daily Telegraph, The Independent and The Guardian. His views on education have been sought by the government and political parties, with <mask> promoting co-education, the International Baccalaureate, independent education, the teaching of happiness and well-being, and "all-round" education. <mask> has promoted well-being or happiness classes, which he introduced at Wellington College in 2006, and campaigned for a holistic, personalised approach to education rather than what he calls "factory schools."He is a proponent of the Harkness table teaching approach used in the US and the 'Middle Years' approach of the IB, as well a more international approach to education, including a focus on modern languages teaching and setting up sister schools in China. Achievements and awards

<mask> has honorary doctorates or fellowships from the University of Buckingham, the University of Brighton and

masks: Seldon Seldon Seldon Seldon Seldon


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 Richmond University and is a former Professor of Education at the College of Teachers. He is a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society (FRHistS) and of the Royal Society of Arts (FRSA). He was appointed a Fellow of King's College London (FKC) in 2013. He was knighted in the Queen's 2014 Birthday Honours list. Other work
In 1986 <mask> co-founded, with Professor Peter Hennessy, the Institute of Contemporary British History, a body whose aim is to promote research into, and the study of, British history since 1945. <mask> is a co-founder of Action for Happiness with Richard Layard (Baron Layard), and Geoff Mulgan.He is on the Advisory Board of the New College of the Humanities in London. <mask> is also a patron of The Iris Project, which runs literacy schemes through Latin in schools in deprived urban areas and of DrugFAM, which supports families affected by a loved one's abuse of drugs or alcohol. He is a Board Member of the Royal Shakespeare Company and was Executive Producer of the 2017 film version of Journey's End. Television and radio
Among his television work, he has presented In Search of Tony Blair (Channel 4, 2004) and Trust Politics (BBC Two, 2010). <mask> was married to Joanna, who died in December 2016. Joanna was the daughter of Maurice Henry Pappworth. References

External links

1953 births
Living people
People educated at Tonbridge School
Alumni of Worcester College, Oxford
Alumni of King's College London
Fellows of King's College London
Alumni of the London School of Economics
Alumni of the University of Westminster
English biographers
English historians
English Jews
Headmasters of Brighton College
Masters of Wellington College, Berkshire
Knights Bachelor
Heads of schools in London
Fellows of the Royal Historical Society
Heads of schools in England
People associated with the University of Buckingham
Schoolteachers from Berkshire
Schoolteachers from

masks:
Seldon
Seldon
Seldon
Family Seldon


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<mask> is a filmmaker, writer and artist best known for the documentary films How to Lose Your Virginity (Women Make Movies, 2013), I Was A Teenage Feminist (Women Make Movies, 2005), How I Learned to Speak Turkish (IndiePix, 2006) and the short "#SlutWalkNYC" (2013). She is also the creator of "The V-Card Diaries," an online collection of over 300 stories of "sexual debuts and deferrals" submitted by readers. In 2013, the collection was featured in  The Kinsey Institute's Juried Art Show. <mask>'s work challenges double standards and gender stereotypes, and how they affect women's lives and identity. She is an advocate for comprehensive sex education and media criticism to combat misinformation about sex for teens and young people. She is currently directing her documentary My So-Called Selfish Life, about the childfree movement, and has written about such issues for Self, Real Simple, Topic, and other publications. Her production company, Trixie Films, is based in Brooklyn.Personal life & Previous Work
<mask> studied at the Ontario College of Art and Design (OCAD) in Toronto. She worked as an Art Director at the Toronto Star and then as Design Director for The Financial Times of Canada, edited by John Edward Macfarlane. In 1990, <mask> moved to Chicago to work at the Chicago Tribune, where she worked for nine years, rising to the position of Associate Graphics and Design Editor. She has won numerous awards from Society for News Design, the New York and Toronto Art Director's Clubs, and a Peter Lisagor award from the Chicago Headline Club. She also won three games on the Canadian game show Split Second in late 1986. While at the Chicago Tribune, she attended Columbia College in Chicago, studying film and video. In 1999, <mask> left Chicago for New York City in order

masks:
Therese Shechter
Shechter
Shechter
Therese
Shechter


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 to pursue her interest in film and work for  Robert De Niro's company Tribeca Productions as assistant to Jane Rosenthal.After leaving Tribeca Productions, <mask> volunteered at the Sundance Film Festival, which she cites as having changed her view of the documentary genre and filmmaking in general. When Shechter returned from Sundance, she enrolled in a documentary workshop with filmmaker Macky Alston at Union Theological Seminary. She worked as a researcher on his film Questioning Faith, and Alston continued to mentor Shechter as she filmed her first feature I Was A Teenage Feminist (2005). <mask> currently lives and works in Brooklyn, NY. Through her production company, Trixie Films, she continues to explore feminist issues as they pertain to sexuality and sex education. Shechter frequently lectures on the college circuit, screening her films for young audiences across the U.S. She has participated as a panelist at  Harvard's Rethinking Virginity Conference and has appeared as a featured guest on Fusion TV, Sex Nerd Sandra and Brooklyn Independent Television. Feature Films

My So-Called Selfish Life (2020)
In 2016, Shechter began her current documentary film, My So-Called Selfish Life.The film will explore the concept of being "childfree by choice" by documenting the lives of women and men who are "choosing not to have kids in a culture where motherhood feels mandatory." Subjects of the film will include poet and biographer Molly Peacock, author of Paradise, Piece by Piece, and journalist Anne Kingston, who wrote about maternal regret for Maclean's Magazine. How to Lose Your Virginity (2013)
In the documentary film, How to Lose Your Virginity, Shechter explores how the concept of virginity affects the lives of men and women through interviews and personal

masks: Therese Shechter


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 narrative. The film details the historical, political and religious construction of virginity as well as its place in modern pop culture. "How to Lose Your Virginity" had its U.S. premiere at DOC NYC in Fall 2013 and its U.S. Broadcast premiere on Fusion in February 2014. International screenings and film festivals have taken place in Tel Aviv, Haifa, Croatia, Turkey, Chile, Canada, the Czech Republic and Korea. I Was A Teenage Feminist (2005)
Shechter's first feature-length film I Was A Teenage Feminist examines the discomfort a growing number of young people feel in identifying themselves as feminists. She uses her own personal journey as the driving force of the film while she interviews past and present feminist icons as well as women and men struggling for and against the concept of feminism.The film won Best Film at the Jewish Women's Film Festival and Special Mention at the Karachi International Film Festival. Short Films

#SlutWalkNYC (2013)
In "#SlutWalkNYC", Shechter documents the controversial global, grassroots anti-rape movement on the day it filled the streets of New York City. This short debuted at the 2013 Hamptons International Film Festival, and screened at Barnard College in 2013 and the Athena Film Festival in 2014. The End (2010)
The End is a silent, 16mm and hand-cut narrative short film about a woman attempting to end a relationship with a persistent suitor. The full film is available on Vimeo via Trixie Films. How I Learned to Speak Turkish (2006)
Shechter filmed "How I Learned to Speak Turkish" as a chronicle of her own growing obsession with Turkish language and culture as she navigates new relationships with Turkish men. The documentary examines cultural clichés, the male gaze and the idea of the exotic other.The film won the Short


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 Documentary Jury Prize at the Atlanta Film Festival in 2006. Womanly Perfection (2003)
<mask>'s animated short film examines "the nature of beauty and womanhood through the lens of fashion magazines." The full film was released on Vimeo via Trixie Films. Other Work

"The V-Card Diaries"
An ongoing project, "The V-Card Diaries" is a crowd-sourced collection of sexual experiences curated on the Internet. The transmedia story-sharing site gives readers a chance to anonymously submit personal narratives. The submissions detail positive sexual encounters as well as many instances of slut-shaming, older virginity and sexual assault. "The V-Card Diaries" was developed over the course of two POV Hackathons - PBS-sponsored events where web developers are paired with artists and activists for multimedia creation.The project was featured in  The Kinsey Institute's Juried Art Show (2013) as their first interactive installation. Writing
Shechter has written articles for a variety of publications, most notably:
Nerve, Talking Points Memo, Women & Hollywood, Adios Barbie, Chicago Tribune,  Bitch Magazine Blog, Girl With Pen, Film Independent Magazine and Skirt! Magazine. She also edits and writes for the companion blog to her feature film How to Lose Your Virginity. The blog covers virginity-related issues in the news, purity culture, uses of the concept in pop culture and media, and publishes stories that are submitted via "The V-Card Diaries." References

External links

Official Website
The V-Card Diaries
How I Learned to Speak Turkish
#SlutWalkNYC

Film directors from New York City
Feminist filmmakers
OCAD University alumni
Columbia College Chicago alumni
American feminist writers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Artists from


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<mask> (, , ; born 15 July 1953) is a Thai economist, business theorist, and politician. A mentee of Philip Kotler, he has (co-)authored books on competitiveness and taught marketing at Thai universities. He was a co-founder and leader of the Thai Rak Thai Party (TRT) and was mainly responsible for developing the party's progressive and reformist economic and social platform. After the party's electoral victory, he served as Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Finance, and Minister of Commerce in Thaksin Shinawatra's government. Following the coup d'état in 2006, the junta chose him as an economic envoy, advocating the royally-endorsed "self-sufficiency" economic agenda. As one of 111 executive members of the TRT, he was banned from political activities for five years after the 2006 coup d'état. After another military coup in 2014, he served as the junta's advisor on foreign economic relations.Since September 2014 he has been a full member of the so-called National Council for Peace and Order. Early life
Somkid was born in Bangkok and grew up in a large, but modest Thai Chinese (Teochew) family, one of 10 children. His great-great grandfather immigrated from China during the reign of the Jiaqing Emperor (early 19th century). Despite being born and raised in Thailand, Somkid still speaks Thai with a strong Chinese accent. One of his older brothers, Som Jatusripitak later became president of Siam City Bank and Commerce Minister in Chavalit Yongchaiyudh's government. His wife, Anurachanee <mask>, teaches at Chulalongkorn University. They have three children.Education and academic career
<mask> went to Triam Udom Suksa School and graduated with a bachelor's degree from the Faculty of Economics, Thammasat University in 1972. Later, he completed an MBA in Finance from the Graduate School of Business Administration (NIDA Business School), National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA) and a Ph.D. in marketing from the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University. After graduating, he joined a

masks:
Somkid Jatusripitak
Jatusripitak
Somkid


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 teaching position and became Associate Professor in Marketing at the Graduate School of Business Administration (NIDA Business School). He also served as an Associate Dean at NIDA Business School. <mask>'s thinking was greatly influenced by Michael Porter's "Competitiveness of Nations". He focused much of his academic research on the development of national and business competitiveness. Along with his mentor Philip Kotler, he was a strong supporter of the concept of Nation Branding.In 1997, Somkid co-authored "The Marketing of Nations: A Strategic Approach to Building National Wealth" with Philip Kotler. The book outlined how countries could improve their competitiveness through marketing and appropriate policies to support it. Somkid's book, Borisat Prathet Thai ("Thailand Inc: Concepts and Strategy"), stressed how Thailand should use marketing to improve its competitiveness. Business career
<mask> was a co-founder of the Manager Media Group, along with Sondhi Limthongkul. He played a role in the establishment of the Phatra Research Institute. He became a Director of the Saha Pattanapibul Group, a major Thai consumer goods conglomerate. He was appointed to become Advisor of the Stock Exchange of Thailand, Director of PTTEP, and Director of the Petroleum Authority of Thailand.Political career

Advisor to Foreign Minister Thaksin Shinawatra
Somkid became secretary to Foreign Minister Thaksin Shinawatra under Banharn Silpa-Archa's government (1995–96). Advisor to Finance Minister Thanong Bidaya
Somkid became secretary to Finance Minister Thanong Bidaya under Chavalit Yongchaiyudh's government (1996–97). Founding of the Thai Rak Thai Party
<mask> was one of the co-founders of the Thai Rak Thai party in 1998, along with party leader Thaksin Shinawatra. His senior stature in the party was apparent from his no. 3 position in the TRT's 2001 election party list, behind Thaksin Shinawatra and Purachai Piemsomboon. Somkid has been called "the man behind Thaksinomics", and was the mastermind of the populist

masks: Somkid Somkid Somkid


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 policies that helped propel the Thai Rak Thai party to a landslide election victory in 2001. The TRT "won by embracing
populism on a grand scale," said the Far Eastern Economic Review.Somkid's chief policy innovations included the universal healthcare program, 1 million THB development funds for each of Thailand's 70,000 villages, a 3-year loan freeze for farmers, fast-track privatization of state enterprises, and a national asset management corporation (AMC) to buy up the $20 billion in bad debt carried by Thai banks. Somkid also pioneered the TRT party's rural small and medium enterprise (SME) policy. Noting that agriculture remains the most important economic sector, employing 60-70% of the Thai population, the economic challenge was to develop the agricultural sector and link it with the modern sector. This became one of the founding principles of the Thaksin government's popular One Tambon One Product (OTOP) program. At the time, The Nation newspaper exclaimed that these policies "amount to a revolution in Thai public policy". Minister in Thaksin's government
From the TRT's landslide election win of 2001, Somkid was a core member of Thakin's economic inner cabinet - starting off as Finance Minister and then becoming Commerce Minister. Finance Minister

In his term as Finance Minister (February 2001 to February 2003), Somkid
oversaw a management reshuffle at state-owned Thai Airways International
led the establishment of the national asset management corporation (AMC)
supported the controversial restructuring of Prachai Leophai-ratana's Thai Petrochemical Industry (TPI)
In 2002, Somkid established the village fund program.This program gave each of Thailand's 70,000 villages a self-managed fund of 1 million THB (approx. 25,000 USD), to be used for grassroots social and economic investments. Commerce Minister

In his term as Commerce Minister (August 2005 to September 2006), Somkid
 oversaw the recovery of tourism industry in the Andaman coast after the tsunami of 2004
 agreed to draw up a


texts:
 comprehensive road map for increasing trade, investment and cooperation with the United Kingdom
 boosted Board of Investment incentives in three target sectors - electronics, petrochemicals and vehicle tyres

During the anti-Thaksin demonstrations of 2005-2006, Thaksin noted that Somkid was one of four individuals who might succeed him as Prime Minister if he stepped down. In March 2006, during the height of the anti-Thaksin protests, Somkid underwent balloon angioplasty surgery to relieve a blood clot in an artery near his heart. After Thaksin Shinawatra's announcement that he would not accept the Premiership from Parliament after the April 2006 elections, Somkid was widely seen as a potential replacement. In a poll of businessmen, 57% said Somkid was the most suitable candidate for new premier. The next highest TRT politician was Bhokin Bhalakula, who received only 12%.Soon later, a broad coalition of TRT factions, including Wang Nam Yom (130 MPs), Rim Nam (15 MPs), Lamtakong (7 MPs), Wang Phya Nag (10 MPs), Chon Buri (7 MPs) and the Central provinces (10 MPs) decided to push for <mask> Jatusripitak as the next prime minister. Aftermath of the 2006 coup
The Thai military staged a successful coup against the Thaksin government on 19 September 2006. At the time, Somkid was in Paris, attending the Thai-France Cultural Exhibition with Princess Sirindhorn and Foreign Minister Kantathi Supamongkhon. On 21 September 2006 arrived back to Bangkok. Unlike several other senior members of Thaksin's Cabinet, he was not arrested by the junta. Somkid kept a low profile, until on 2 October 2006 he resigned from the  Thai Rak Thai Party, along with Thaksin Shinawatra. He continued to lead a low profile, until in February 2007, he was appointed head of a government committee charged with "preaching" King Bhumibol's self-sufficient economy policy.The appointment provoked great controversy, as critics claimed that the populist economics czar had no role promoting self-sufficiency. Somkid appointment was supported by