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 lands of Western Ukraine. «A group of writers such as <mask> <mask>, Petro Kozlaniuk, Stepan Tudor and Olexa Havryliuk [...] treated the liberation of Western Ukraine [by the Red Army] as a logical conclusion of the policy of the Communist Party, which fought for the reunification of the Ukrainian people.In this, they actively helped the party in word and deed. In return, they have already had experience with Polish prisons and oppression from their fellow countrymen. Now [after it happened] they could breathe a sigh of relief. That is why their smiles were so sincere and celebratory.»

Petro Panch, Lviv, Kopernyka str., 42, Vitchyzna, 1960, issue No 2, 172

In November 1939 <mask> went to Kharkiv to try to locate his vanished wife Anna Henyk. Together with the writer Yuri Smolych he came to the dormitory of the Medical Institute, and asked the porter for any information about her fate. The porter only gave him back a suitcase with Anna's belongings and said that she had been arrested by the NKVD, in response to which <mask> burst into tears. In June 1941, being a journalist of the newspaper Vilna Ukraina, he took his first professional vacation, in Crimea, but didn't manage

masks: Yaroslav Halan Halan Halan


type: original

texts:
 to rest for long, as on 22 June Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union.War period
When the war on the Eastern Front began, <mask> arrived in Kharkiv and went to the military commissariat having a big desire to become a volunteer of the Red Army and to go to the frontline but was denied. He was evacuated to Ufa. In September 1941, Alexander Fadeyev summoned him to Moscow for working at the Polish-language magazine Nowe Horyzonty. In the days of the Battle for Moscow, on 17 October, he was evacuated to Kazan. Later the writer arrived in Saratov, where he served as a radio host at the Taras Shevchenko Radio Station. Then he was a special front-line correspondent of the newspaper Sovietskaya Ukraina, and then Radianska Ukraina. «The majority of his radio-comments have been born spontaneously.He listens to the enemy's radio shows, thinks for a while, then goes to the studio with an open microphone and without any preparations responds, expressing everything what he feels. That was a true radio-battle with all Hitler's propagandists starting from Goebbels, Dietrich, and others. The opportunity to fight like this – immediately, without paper [and censorship] – demonstrates a high


texts:
 confidence given to him by the Government and the Central Committee of the CPSU(b).»

Volodymyr Beliayev, Literaturna Ukraina, 1962In 1943, in Moscow, he met his future second wife Maria Krotkova, who was an artist. In October 1943, the publishing house Moscovskiy Bolshevik released the collection of 15 Halan's war stories Front on Air. At the end of the year, <mask> moved to the recently liberated Kharkov and worked there on the frontline radio station Dnipro. During and after the war he was sharply condemning the Ukrainian nationalists – banderivtsi, melnykivtsi, bulbivtsi – as accomplices of the Nazi occupiers. Post-war times
In 1946 <mask> <mask> as a correspondent of the Radianska Ukraina newspaper represented the USSR at the Nuremberg trial of Nazi military criminals.<mask> <mask> wrote much about Ukrainian nationalists. In his story What Has No Name he described the OUN crimes:

«Fourteen-years-old girl can’t calmly look at meat. She trembles if someone is going to cook cutlets in her presence. A few months ago, on Easter Night, armed people came to a peasant house in a village close to the town of Sarny, and stabbed its inhabitants with knives. The girl having the

masks: Halan Yaroslav Halan Yaroslav Halan


texts:
 eyes widened of fear was looking at the agony of her parents. The girl with horror in her eyes was looking at the agony of her parents. One of the gangsters put a knife blade to the child’s neck, but at the last moment a new “idea” came to his mind: “Live in glory to Stepan Bandera!And to avoid you being starved to death we will leave you some food. Guys, slice pork for her!" The "guys" liked such a proposal. In a few minutes a mountain of meat made from the bleeding father and mother grew up in front of the horror-struck girl...»

In <mask>'s tragedy Under the Golden Eagle (1947) the writer harshly criticizes the American occupation administration in Western Germany for its rude attempts to prevent Soviet soldiers interned in special camps to return to their homeland. In his play Love at Dawn (1949, published in 1951) he described the triumph of Socialism in the rural areas of Western Ukraine. Often he was focused on counteracting the nationalistic propaganda. Nevertheless, <mask> complained that these "Augean stables" were not his vocation but it had to be done by someone:

«I understand: the asenisation work is a necessary and useful work, but why only me?Why should I be

masks: Halan Halan


texts:
 the only cesspool cleaner? The reader of our periodicals will involuntarily have the thought that there is only "maniac" <mask>, who has clung to Ukrainian fascism like a drunk clings to the raft, [while] the vast majority of the writers ignore this issue. It isn't needed to be explained what further conclusions the reader will make from this.»

From Halan's letter to his friend Yuri Smolych, on 2 January 1948. In his last satirical pamphlets <mask> <mask> criticized the nationalistic and clerical reaction (particularly, the Greek Catholic Church and the anti-Communist doctrine of the Holy See): Their Face (1948), In the service of Satan (1948), In the Face of Facts (1949), Father of Darkness and His Henchmen (1949), The Vatican Idols Thirst for Blood (1949, in Polish), Twilight of the Alien Gods (1948), What Should Not Be Forgotten (1947), The Vatican Without Mask (1949) etc. When the Vatican had discovered that <mask> is going to publish his new anti-clerical pamphlet Father of Darkness and His Henchmen, in July 1949 the Pope Pius XII excommunicated him. In response to this, <mask> wrote a pamphlet I Spit on the Pope, that caused a significant resonance within the Church

masks: Halan Yaroslav Halan Halan Halan


texts:
 and among believers. In the pamphlet he ironized on the Decree against Communism released by the Vatican on 1 July, in which the Holy See had threatened to excommunicate all members of the Communist parties and active supporters of the Communists:

«My only consolation is that I am not alone: together with me, the Pope excommunicated at least three hundred million people, and with them I once again in full voice declare: I spit on the Pope!»

Assassination

Yaroslav Halan was assassinated on 24 October 1949 in his home office, which was situated at Hvadiyska street in Lviv.He received eleven blows to the head with an axe. His blood spilled on the manuscript of his new article, Greatness of the Liberated Human, which celebrated the tenth anniversary of the annexation of Western Ukraine with the Ukrainian SSR. The killers – two students of the Lviv Forestry Technical Institute, Ilariy Lukashevych and Mykhailo Stakhur – committed the assassination after receiving the appropriate order from the OUN leadership. On the eve of the murder Lukashevych gained the writer's confidence, so the students were let into the house. They came to the apartment under the pretext of being


texts: discriminated against at the university and seeking his help. When Lukashevych gave a signal, Stakhur attacked the writer with the axe. After Stakhur was convinced that <mask> was dead, they tied up the housekeeper and escaped.The Ministry of the State Security (MGB) accused the Ukrainian nationalists of his murder, while the OUN claimed that it was a Soviet provocation in order to start a new wave of repressions against locals. Nikita Khrushchev, the leader of the Ukrainian SSR at that time, took personal control of the investigation. In 1951, the MGB agent Bohdan Stashynsky infiltrated into the OUN underground network and managed to find Stakhur, who himself bragged about the assassination of <mask>. He was arrested on 10 July, and afterwards fully admitted his responsibility for the crime during the trial. According to Stakhur, he did that because of the writer's critical statements on the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, Ukrainian Insurgent Army and the Vatican. On 16 October 1951 the military tribunal of the Carpathian Military District sentenced Mykhailo Stakhur to death by hanging: the court hall applauded the announcement of the verdict. The verdict was


texts:
 enforced on the same day.Some contemporary Ukrainian historians and journalists put forward the hypothesis that <mask> was killed by the Soviets. However, nowadays the fact of the OUN guilt proved with the numerous pieces of evidence is widely recognized by the vast majority of historians. The assassination of <mask> caused tightening of measures against the nationalist Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), which continued insurgent activities against the Soviet power in Western Ukraine. All the leadership of the MGB arrived in Lviv, Pavel Sudoplatov himself worked there for several months. One of the consequences of the murder of <mask> was the elimination of the UPA leader Roman Shukhevych four months later. Evaluations by contemporaries

«<mask> <mask> is a talented publicist, was a progressive writer in the past. Nowadays he still is the most advanced one among [local] non-party writers.But he's infected with the Western European bourgeois "spirit". Has little respect for Soviet people. Considers them not civilized enough. But just inwardly. In general terms, he understands the policy of the party, but in his opinion, the party makes great mistakes with regards to peasants in

masks: Halan Halan Halan Yaroslav Halan


texts:
 Western Ukraine. <mask> places responsibility for these mistakes on the regional committee of the CPSU(b), local institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the local Soviet authorities. Believes in Moscow.Doesn't want to join the party (he was advised to) due to being an individualist, and also in order to keep his hands, mind, and words free. He thinks if he joins the party, he will lose this [freedom].»

Extract from the report of the literary critic G. Parkhomenko to the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolshevik) of Ukraine, 15 December 1947. In 1962, in Toronto, Olexandr Matla, aka Petro Tereschuk, a pro-nationalist historian from the Ukrainian diaspora in Canada, published the brochure History of a Traitor (Yaroslav Halan), in which he accused Halan of being an informer of both Polish and Soviet intelligence services, and of helping them to oppress nationalists and even some pro-Soviet writers from Western Ukraine such as Anton Krushelnytsky, who moved from Lviv to Kharkiv in the 1930s and was killed during the Great Terror. «[<mask>] has used his undeniable publicistic talent to serve the enemy, thereby placing himself outside the Ukrainian people.


texts:
 He has directed his energy and creative mind against his own people and their interests. An outrageous egoist, egocentrist, money lover, slanderer, cynic, provocator, agent of two intelligence services, misanthrope, falsificator, speculator, and an informer are all the characteristics of <mask> <mask>.»

Petro Tereschuk, History of a Traitor (Yaroslav Halan), Canadian League for Ukraine's Liberation, Toronto, 1962. «<mask> is an erudite, artist, polemicist, politician and undoubtedly an international-level journalist.I was amazed at his knowledge of the languages: German, French, Italian, Polish, Jewish, Russian. Picking up any newspaper or document he leafs through, reads it and writes something down. I was also surprised by his efficiency in work, interest in everything, an exceptional ability to "seek" and "raise" topics, problems, his persistent work on processing the material.»

Yuri Yanovsky, a Ukrainian Soviet writer, who worked with <mask> at the Nuremberg Trial in 1946. «In 1949 I witnessed an unusual event. On October 2 <mask> <mask> spoke in Lviv University. It turned out to be his last speech. We condemned him but his presentation surprised me.He spoke as an

masks: Yaroslav Halan Yaroslav Halan Yaroslav Halan


texts:
 intelligent person defending Ukrainian culture. It had nothing to do with the series of his pamphlets “I spit on Pope!” <mask> turned out to be a totally different man. Several days later he was killed.»

Mykhailo Horyn, a Ukrainian anti-Communist dissident. Homage
 In 1954, the movie It Shouldn't Be Forgotten, based on <mask> <mask>'s life events, with Sergei Bondarchuk in the main role was filmed. In 1973, another movie based on the biography of <mask> Until the Last Minute with Vladislav Dvorzhetsky in the main role was released. In 1969, the studio Ukrkinokhronika filmed the documentary Yaroslav Halan about the life of the writer. The Dovzhenko Film Studios, in 1958, filmed <mask>'s work Under the Golden Eagle, but the film wasn't released as "too anti-American".Writer's work The Mountains are Smoking was filmed in 1989 by the Ukrtelefilm studio. In 1962, 1970 and 1976, the USSR Post issued postal envelopes with a portrait of <mask> <mask>. A huge monument to <mask> <mask> was installed in Lviv in 1972. Besides, the square where the monument was situated was named after <mask>. In 1992, on the eve of the Vatican officials’ visit, the local authorities demolished the

masks: Halan Yaroslav Halan Halan Halan Yaroslav Halan Yaroslav Halan Halan


texts: monument, and its metal was used for constructing a monument to the Prosvita, a nationalist organization which Halan fought with. There was another monument to the writer in the city Park of Culture installed in 1957 and demolished in the 1960s. A monument to Halam also existed in Drohobych, Lviv Region.Demolished in the 1990s. In 1960, <mask>'s personal apartment at Hvardiyska street, 18, where he lived in 1944-1949, was turned into his personal museum. The museum stored writer's personal belongings, documents, and materials about his literary and social activity, publications of his works. In the 1990s, it was under threat of closure, but eventually, it was transformed into the museum Literary Lviv of the First Half of the XX Century. From 1964 to 1991, the Yaroslav Halan Prize was awarded by the Writers' Union of Ukraine for the best propagandistic journalism. In 1979, the Council of Ministers of the Ukrainian SSR established the Yaroslav Halan Scholarship for talented students of the Taras Shevchenko Kyiv State University and Ivan Franko Lviv State University. In the 1970s, in Lviv Region, there was a network of 450 atheist clubs named after <mask> <mask>.<mask>'s works

masks: Halan Yaroslav Halan Halan


texts: in three volumes were published in Kyiv in 1977–1978. From 1967 to 1987, the Lviv-based publisher Kameniar issued the anti-fascist and anti-clerical almanac Post Named After <mask> <mask>. In total, 22 issues were published. The streets named after <mask> <mask> existed in Kyiv, Kharkiv, Kryvyi Rih, Odesa, Chernihiv, Dnipro, Lviv, Khmelnytskyi, Poltava, Cherkasy, Chernivtsi, Kalush, Nikopol, Uzhgorod, Mukachevo, Berzhany, Korosten, and Novograd Volynskyi but they were renamed within the campaign against the Soviet memorial legacy. In Soviet times, in Saratov, the name of <mask> <mask> was given to the street where he worked at the Taras Shevchenko Radio Station. After the USSR collapsed, the street recovered it historical name Proviantskaya. In Donetsk, Luhansk, Enakievo, Torez, Shostka, and Rostov-on-Don, there are still the streets bearing the name of Halan.The Lviv Regional Theatre of Drama (Drohobych) and Kolomyia Regional Theatre of Drama (Kolomyia) received the name of <mask> <mask>. Renamed in the 1990s. The Ternopil Pedagogical Institute and Lutsk Pedagogical College received the name of Yaroslav Halan. Renamed in the 1990s. The Lviv Regional Library for Adults,

masks: Yaroslav Halan Yaroslav Halan Yaroslav Halan Yaroslav Halan


texts:
 established by the Soviet authorities in the Besyadetski Palace building, and Kyiv Regional Library for Youth received the name of <mask> <mask>. Renamed in the 1990s. One of the district libraries in Kharkiv still bears the writer's name.In 1954, the Yaroslav Halan Cinema was built in Lychakiv district, Lviv. Renamed in the 1990s, nowadays abandoned. Halan's name was given to kolkhozes in the following villages: Vuzlove (Radekhiv Raion, Lviv Oblast), Dytiatychi (Mostyska Raion, Lviv Region), Mistky (Pustomyty Raion, Lviv Oblast), Turynka (Zhovkva Raion, Lviv Oblast) Volodymyrivka (Domanivka Raion, Mykolaiv Oblast), Seredniy Bereziv (Kosiv Raion, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast), Hnylytsi (Pidvolochysk Raion, Ternopil Oblast). The name of Yaroslav Halan was given to a passenger steamer of the Belsky river shipping company, which operated on the Moscow-Ufa line. Currently out of use. In 2012, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted the resolution About the celebration of the 110th anniversary of the birth of the famous Ukrainian anti-fascist writer <mask> Oleksandrovych <mask>. Moscow: Novosti Press Agency Publishing House, 1975
 Reports from Nuremberg.Kyiv: Dnipro Publishers, 1976

masks: Yaroslav Halan Yaroslav Halan


texts:
 People Without a Homeland: Pamphlets. Kyiv: Dnipro Publishers, 1974
 Lest People Forget: Pamphlets, Articles and Reports. Kyiv: Dnipro Publishers, 1986
Spanish
 Reportajes de Nuremberg. Kyiv: Dnipro Publishers. 1976
German
 "Nürnberg 1945 : Pamphlete". Kiew: Dnipro, 1975. Russian
 Favorites.Translation from Ukrainian. Moscow: publishing house Sovetskiy Pisatel, 1951. Favorites. Translation from Ukrainian. Moscow: publishing house Sovetskiy Pisatel, 1952. The Vatican Without a Mask. Translation from Ukrainian.Moscow, publishing house Literaturnaya Gazeta, 1952. Plays. Moscow: Iskusstvo. 1956. With Cross or With Knife: Pamphlets. Moscow: 1962
 Light from the East. Translation from Ukrainian.Moscow, publishing house Molodaya Guàrdia, 1954. Favorites. Translation from Ukrainian. Moscow, Goslitizdat, 1958. Ukrainian
 Favorites. Kyiv: publishing house Radianskyi Pysmennyk, 1951. Works.In 2 volumes. Kyiv: Derzhlitvidav, 1953. Works. In 3 volumes. Kyiv: Derzhlitvidav, 1960. Unfinished Song. Kyiv: Dnipro Publishers.1972. Favorites. Lviv: Shkilna Biblioteka. 1976
 Works: Pamphlets and Fayletons. Kyiv:Naukova Dumka. 1980. Works.Kyiv: Naukova Dumka. 1980. Dramas. Lviv: Kameniar. 1981


texts:
 Favorites. Lviv: Kameniar. 1987.Azerbaijani
 Ukrainian Stories. Azərnəşr. 1954

External links

(English translation) <mask>, <mask>. Reports from Nuremberg. Kyiv: Dnipro Publishers, 1976

(English translation) <mask>. <mask>. I Spit on the Pope!<mask> <mask> on the Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine
 <mask> <mask> on the IMDb
 <mask> <mask> on the WorldCat Identities – books publication statistics and other data
 <mask> <mask> (as <mask> Galan) on the Google Books Ngram Viewer – frequency of mention in English-language books

Bibliography

 Беляев В., Ёлкин А. Ярослав Галан. – М.: Молодая гвардия, 1971. – (Жизнь замечательных людей)
 Галан Ярослав: Енциклопедія історії України: Т. 2. Редкол. : В. А. Смолій (голова) та ін. НАН України.Інститут історії України. – Київ 2004, "Наукова думка". .
 Терещенко Петро. Історія одного зрадника (Ярослва Галан). Торонто: Канадаська ліга за визволення України, 1962. Галан Ярослав, Спогади про письменника, Львiв, вид-во "Каменяр", 1965. Вальо М. А. Ярослав Галан (1902—1949): до 80-річчя з дня народження. Бібліографічний покажчик.– Львів, 1982. Про Ярослава Галана: Спогади, статті. – К., 1987. Ярослав Галан – борець за правду і

masks: Halan Yaroslav Halan Yaroslav Yaroslav Halan Yaroslav Halan Yaroslav Halan Yaroslav Halan Yaroslav


texts: справедливість: Документи // Український історичний журнал. – 1990. – No. 2—3.Рубльов О. С., Черченко Ю. А. Сталінщина й доля західноукраїнської інтелігенції (20—50-ті роки XX ст.) – К., 1994. Бантышев А. Ф., Ухаль А. М. Убийство на заказ: кто же организовал убийство Ярослава Галана? Опыт независимого расследования. – Ужгород, 2002. Цегельник Я. Славен у віках. Образ Львова у спадщині Я. Галана // Жовтень.– 1982. – No. 3 (449). – С. 72—74. – . "Боротьба трудящихся Львівщини проти Нiмецько-фашистьских загарбників".Львів, вид-во "Вільна Україна", 1949. Буряк Борис, Ярослав Галан. В кн. : Галан Я., Избранное. М., Гослитиздат, 1958, стр. 593–597. Даниленко С., Дорогою ганьби і зради.К., вид-во "Наукова думка", 1970. Довгалюк Петро, В кн. : Галан Я., Твори в трьох томах, К., Держлітвидав, 1960, стр. 5–44. Добрич Володимир, У тіні святого Юра. Львiв, вид-во "Каменяр", 1968. Евдокименко В. Ю., Критика ідейних основ украінського буржуазного націоналізму.К., вид-во "Наукова думка", 1967. Ёлкин Анатолий, Ярослав Галан в борьбе с католической и американской реакцией. "Вестник Ленинградского университета", 1951, No. 10, стр. 85–100. Елкин Анатолий, Ярослав Галан. (Новые


texts: материалы.)"Звезда", 1952, No. 7, стр. 163–172. Елкин Анатолий, Библиография противоватиканских работ Я. А. Галана. В кн. : "Вопросы истории религии и атеизма". М., изд-во АН СССР, т.2, 1954, стр. 288–292. Елкин Анатолий, Ярослав Галан. Очерк жизни и творчества. М., изд-во "Советский писатель", 1955. Елкин Анатолий, Степан Тудор. Критико-биографич.очерк. М., изд-во "Советский писатель", 1956. Замлинський Володимир, Шлях чорної зради. Львів, вид-во "Каменяр", 1969. Косач Юрий, Вид феодалізму до неофашизму. Нью-Йорк, 1962. "Людьскоі крові не змити".Книга фактів. К, 1970. Мельничук Ю., Ярослав Галан. Львівске кн. – журн. вид-во, 1953. Млинченко К. М., Зброєю полум'яного слова.К., вид-во АН УССР, 1963. Млот Франтишек, Мешок иуд, или Разговор о клерикализме. Краков, 1911. На польском языке. Полевой Борис. В конце концов. М., изд-во "Советская Россия", 1969."Пост имени Ярослава Галана". Сборник. Львів, вид-во "Каменяр", 1967. "Правда про унію". Документи і матеріяли. Львiв, вид-во "Каменяр", 1968. Терлиця Марко, "Правнуки погані".Киев, изд-во "Радянський письменник", 1960. Терлиця Марко. Націоналістичі скорпіони. Киев, изд-во "Радянський письменник", 1963. "Ті, що канули в пітьму".


texts:
 Львів, вид-во "Каменяр", 1968. Ткачев П. И., Вечный бой.Минск, изд-во БГУ, 1970. Цегельник Яків, В кн. : Галан Ярослав, Спогади про письменника. Львів, вид-во "Каменяр", 1965. Чередниченко В., Націоналізм против націі. К., 1970. References

1902 births
1949 deaths
People from Dynów
Journalists from Lviv
20th-century Ukrainian writers
20th-century Ukrainian journalists
20th-century Polish dramatists and playwrights
20th-century translators
Ukrainian male writers
Polish-language writers
Ukrainian dramatists and playwrights
Soviet dramatists and playwrights
Polish male dramatists and playwrights
Socialist realism writers
Pamphleteers
Ukrainian translators
Polish translators
German–Polish translators
Polish publicists
Soviet journalists
Ukrainian satirists
Polish satirists
Ukrainian radio journalists
Soviet propagandists
Stalin Prize winners
Ukrainian Austro-Hungarians
People from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
Jagiellonian University alumni
University of Vienna alumni
Ukrainian radio presenters
Burials at Lychakiv Cemetery
Assassinated Ukrainian journalists
Assassinated Soviet people
Assassinated Ukrainian politicians
Anti-fascists
Communist Party of Western Ukraine


texts:
<mask> (born Florence Brunet; May 27, 1890 – September 28, 1943) was an American actress. Early years
<mask> was born Florence Brunet in Savannah, Georgia, although some sources list her birthname as Florence Simone. She was educated in New York City. Career
Brunette made her film debut in the 1912 short A Waiter of Weight, followed by The Joy Ride (1912), and His Neighbor's Wife (1912). Brunette appeared in films such as Unto Those Who Sin (1916), in which she played a working girl of squalor, lured by wealth and luxury, The Woman Thou Gavest Me (1919), While Satan Sleeps (1922), Bells of San Juan (1922), and Camille of the Barbary Coast (1925). In the 1930s and 1940s, Brunette mainly acted in uncredited roles, with her final screen appearance being in You're Telling Me (1942). Personal life
Brunette was the third wife of William Robert Daly, a silent film actor and director.Daly, who died around 1935, directed <mask> in many films. After Daly's death, she married Louisville, Kentucky, real estate operator John E. Kley. They resided at 712 North Mansfield Avenue in Los Angeles, California. Brunette possessed one of the most detailed wardrobes in the movie industry. She wore eighteen gowns in Unto Those Who Sin. Death
<mask> died after an extended illness at the Motion Picture Country Home at the age of 53 in 1943. Funeral services were conducted from Pierce Brothers Hollywood Chapel, 5959 Santa Monica Boulevard.She was cremated. Filmography

 The Joy Ride (1912) (as Miss <mask>)
 His Neighbor's Wife (1912) (as Miss Fritzie)
 For the Good of All (1912) (as Miss <mask>)
 Babies Three (1912)
 Mates and Mis-Mates (1912) .... Mabel Wentworth
 Her

masks:
Fritzi Brunette
Fritzi Brunette
Brunette
Brunette
Fritzi
Fritzie


texts:
 Life's Story (1912) .... Lucy Allen
 Dora (1912) .... Mary
 As the Wind Blows (1912) .... The Summer Girl
 Two Women (1912) .... The Wife
 On the Danger Line (1912)
 Was Mabel Cured? (1912)
 It Happened Thus (1912) .... (1917) .... Kate Taylor
 And a Still Small Voice (1918) .... Mary Singleton
 The City of Purple Dreams (1918) .... Esther Strom
 The Still Alarm (1918) .... 1]
 This Is the Life (1935) (uncredited)
 San Francisco (1936) (uncredited)
 Maid of Salem (1937) (uncredited) ....Bit Part
 Way Out West (1937) (uncredited) .... Audience at saloon
 Make Way for Tomorrow (1937) (uncredited) .... Bit Role
 Souls at Sea (1937) (uncredited) .... Bit Role
 Wells Fargo (1937) (uncredited) .... Pioneer Woman
 Disbarred (1939) (uncredited) .... Maid
 Persons in Hiding (1939) (uncredited) .... Automobile Passenger
 Stagecoach (1939) (uncredited) .... Bit part
 The Star Maker (1939) (uncredited)
 Honeymoon in Bali (1939) .... Secretary
 $1000 a Touchdown (1939) (uncredited) .... McGlen Wife
 Edison, the Man (1940) (uncredited)
 Meet John Doe (1941) (uncredited) ....Bit part
 You're Telling Me (1942) (uncredited)

References

Fort Wayne, Indiana Journal-Gazette, Jack O' Diamonds Best On The Card, Tuesday Morning, May 12, 1914, Page 13. Lima, Ohio Times-Democrat, <mask> <mask> Makes Debut Soon, Thursday Evening, March 2, 1916, Page 7. The Los Angeles Times, <mask> <mask>, September 30, 1943, Page A12. The New York Times, <mask> Brunette, September 30, 1943, Page 21. External links

1890 births
1943 deaths
American silent film actresses
American film actresses
Actresses from Georgia (U.S. state)
Actors from Savannah, Georgia
20th-century American

masks: Fritzi Brunette Fritzi Brunette Fritzi


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<mask> (born September 22, 1952) is an American archaeologist and paleoanthropologist. He is a Professor in the Cognitive Science Program at Indiana University and is a founder and co-director of the Stone Age Institute. Toth's archaeological and experimental research has focused on the stone tool technology of Early Stone Age hominins who produced Oldowan and Acheulean artifacts which have been discovered across Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. He is best known for his experimental work, with Kathy Schick, including their work with the bonobo (“pygmy chimpanzee”) Kanzi who they taught to make and use simple stone tools similar to those made by our Early Stone Age ancestors. Early life and education
Toth was born and grew up in Cleveland, Ohio. He graduated from Brooklyn High School in 1970 and in 1974 earned a B.A. with distinction in Liberal Arts and Anthropology from Western College in Oxford, Ohio.Toth attended Oxford University, England where he obtained a Post-graduate Diploma with distinction in Prehistoric Archaeology in 1975. From there he went on to study at the University of California, Berkeley, where he obtained an M.A. in Paleoanthropology in 1978, and a Ph.D. in Paleoanthropology in 1982. While at Berkeley he studied with professors Glynn Isaac, J. Desmond Clark, F. Clark Howell, Tim White, Garniss Curtis, and Richard Hay. Toth completed the Flintknapping Field School at Washington State University in 1978, attended the Lithic Microwear Workshop at the University of Chicago in 1980, and received training in Forensic Science at the University of California in 1981. In 1983 he obtained a certificate in Scanning Electron Microscopy from the Royal Microscopial Society, Cambridge University, England. In 2004 Toth completed a course in start-up companies through the Kelly School of Business at Indiana


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 University/Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) and in 2005 he obtained a certificate from the Fundraising School at IUPUI.Marriage to Kathy Schick
In the summer of 1976, <mask> met Kathy Schick while the two were working together on an archaeological dig in Ohio. With similar interests and both attending graduate school in Anthropology, they soon began collaborating on their research. <mask> and Schick went on to attend graduate school at the University of California, Berkeley and were married during that time. Their marriage was followed by extended periods of fieldwork at Koobi Fora (East Lake Turkana), Kenya where they conducted research for the next four years under the direction of Berkeley professor Glynn Isaac and Richard Leakey of the National Museum of Kenya. This period was the beginning of a long-term research collaboration between <mask> and Schick which has continued for decades. Academic career
Between 1981 and 1984 Toth served as a visiting professor in the Anthropology Departments at Stanford University, the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Capetown, South Africa. From 1982 to 1986 he was a post-doctoral research scientist at the Institute of Human Origins in Berkeley, Ca., directed by paleoanthropologist Donald Johanson.From 1986 to the present he has been a faculty member in the College of Arts and Sciences at Indiana University, Bloomington, in the Anthropology Department and the Cognitive Science Program, and has served as an adjunct professor in the Biology Department and the Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science. In 1986 he co-founded, with Kathy Schick, the Center for Research into the Anthropological Foundations of Technology (CRAFT) at Indiana University, and together they continue as co-directors of CRAFT. In 2003, the couple founded the Stone Age Institute, a

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 non-profit education and research facility located in Indiana and dedicated to research into human origins. <mask> and Schick continue as co-directors and executive board members of the Stone Age Institute. Over the course of his career Toth has participated in public education programs which help provide children and adults access to educational materials and related media on subjects such as human evolution, archaeology, anthropology, and big history. One such program is a big history project with Kathy Schick titled "Origins: From the Big Bang to the World Wide Web" which began in 2010 with a multi-year museum installation at the Mathers Museum of World Cultures as well as the permanent, multifaceted educational website which has been running since 2010. Another example of Toth's public education projects are the video courses he created for the Big History Project, which is a public education program created by Bill Gates and David Christian.Toth's courses for the project include one titled Introduction to Archaeology and another titled Making Stone Tools, both of which can be viewed free of charge on YouTube or Khan Academy. In addition to participation in programs such as these, Toth and Schick, as directors of the Stone Age Institute, have made pdf files of the research volumes published by the Stone Age Institute Press available as free downloads. Field and laboratory research

Toth has engaged in field and laboratory research since the late 1970s, resulting in scientific publications on a variety of topics including human evolution, African prehistory, Paleolithic studies, the evolution of human intelligence, lithic technology, raw materials of antiquity, experimental archaeology, microscopic approaches to archaeology, faunal analysis, and taphonomy, geoarchaeology, ethnoarchaeology, primate studies, history of


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 evolutionary thought, and Big History (studying and teaching history from the Big Bang to recent times). Toth has conducted archaeological field research and studied the lithic assemblages from Oldowan and Acheulean sites including Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania, Dmanisi in the Republic of Georgia, Gona in Ethiopia, Middle Awash in Ethiopia, Nihewan Basin in China, Lake Natron in Tanzania, Ambrona in Spain, and Koobi Fora in Kenya. During investigations at Gona, Ethiopia in 1999, Toth discovered the fossil cranium of a Homo erectus individual which dates to about 1.2 million years ago. In his decades of experimental research into the manufacture and use of early stone tools, Toth has replicated thousands of Oldowan and Acheulean artifacts, many of which he has used in controlled experiments involving such things as cutting through thick hides and the butchering of large animals (all animals used in these studies had died of natural causes, no animals were killed for the purposes of this research). This research revealed that the most important tools to the early stone tool makers may have been the sharp-edged flakes that were removed from the choppers and pebble tools, rather than the choppers and pebble tools themselves, as had been previously supposed.Flake assemblages had been a largely ignored part of archaeological collections from sites of this time period because they were thought to have been a by-product of the manufacture of the more formal choppers and other pebble tools. <mask>’s research supported the idea that these flakes were the simple, highly effective base of early stone tool technology. Research with Kanzi
In 1990, <mask> began a long-term collaborative research project, along with Kathy Schick and psychologist Sue Savage-Rumbaugh, to observe the bonobo Kanzi as he learned to make and use stone tools. Over

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 the course of this research, <mask> and Schick worked together to teach Kanzi, by example, to flake stone and use the sharp flakes produced to cut a length of rope that would allow access to a desired food reward. The goal of this research was to compare the products of human tool makers to those of our prehistoric counterparts (which we can see archaeologically through the tools they produced), as well as to those of non-human primates who have not evolved to make stone tools. This research would allow the scientists to investigate what, if any, cognitive and biomechanical adaptations required for stone tool technology may be present in modern day primates. Given a supply of chert for flaking and stone to use as a hammerstone, Kanzi was able to learn to flake stone, yielding sharp flakes that he was able to use to cut through rope and obtain his edible reward.The flakes and cores produced by Kanzi’s efforts were less sophisticated than the earliest stone tools recognized by archaeologists, suggesting that there is probably an earlier stone tool technology that is not recognized archaeologically. Olduvai Gorge Coring Project
In 2014, Toth, along with three other principal investigators including Kathy Schick, Jackson Njau, and Ian Stanistreet, began the Olduvai Gorge Coring Project to extract geological cores around the gorge in order to increase our knowledge of the geological history of the Olduvai Gorge area. This coring project is the first of its kind to take place at Olduvai and the project has resulted in the extraction of more than 600 meters of geological cores from 3 different locations around the gorge, with the deepest core resulting in 236 meters of recovered core material. This project more than doubles the known stratigraphic sequence at Olduvai, adding 400,000 years of deposits dating as far back as 2.4


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 million years ago. The coring project is ongoing, with further coring planned and a variety of researchers analyzing the extracted core material. Honors and distinctions

 In 1990, <mask>, Kathy Schick, and J. Desmond Clark became the first foreign archaeologists invited to excavate in China since the Peking Man excavations in the 1930s. Toth received Indiana University's annual Outstanding Faculty Award in 1997.Toth was honored with the invitation to deliver the annual Memorial Lecture for the L.S.B. Leakey Foundation in San Francisco in 2001. In 2003 Toth became an Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). In 2019 Toth received an Honorary Doctorate from Tbilisi State University, Republic of Georgia for his contributions to Georgian archaeology. Bibliography

 Broadfield, D., Yuan, M., Schick, K., & Toth, N. (Eds.). (2010).The Human Brain Evolving: Paleoneurological Studies in Honor of Ralph L. Holloway. Stone Age Institute Press. .
 Schick, K. D., & Toth, N. P. (Eds.). (2008). The cutting edge: new approaches to the archaeology of human origins. Stone Age Institute Press. .
 Pickering, T. R., Schick, K. D., & <mask>, N. P. (Eds.).(2007). Breathing life into fossils: taphonomic studies in honor of CK (Bob) Brain. Stone Age Institute Press. .
 Toth, N. P., & Schick, K. D. (Eds.). (2006). The Oldowan: case studies into the earliest stone age. Stone Age Institute Press. .
 Schick, K. D., & <mask>, N. P. (1994).Making silent stones speak: Human evolution and the dawn of technology. Simon and Schuster. .

References

American archaeologists
Human evolution theorists
UC Berkeley College of Letters and Science alumni
Paleoanthropologists
Indiana University Bloomington faculty
1952 births
Living people
Scientists from Cleveland
American expatriates in the United Kingdom
Western College


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Major General <mask> (18 August 1869 – 17 July 1936) was a United States Marine Corps general who last served as commanding general of the Department of the Pacific. <mask> served during the Spanish–American War (3rd Kentucky Volunteer Infantry), the occupation of Veracruz (1914) and in World War I, where he was in command of all troops during the Battle of Belleau Wood. Biography
<mask> was born in Hopkinsville, Kentucky, on August 18, 1869; he received a B.A. in architecture from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1892. He married Katherine Cordner on February 14, 1907. During the Spanish–American War, he was the captain of Company F, 3rd Kentucky Infantry, from May 31, 1898, until May 16, 1899, when he was honorably mustered out. By virtue of his previous military experience, he was appointed directly to the rank of first lieutenant in the Marine Corps on 1 July 1899.<mask> was promoted to captain, 3 March 1903; to major, 29 August 1916; to lieutenant colonel, 26 March 1917; to colonel 1 July 1918; to brigadier general, 9 March 1919; and to major general, 1 October 1931. In the grades of lieutenant and captain he served with Marine Detachments on , Massachusetts, Indiana, Minnesota, and Montana. Prior to World War I he had more than eight years of foreign duty including service in Panama in 1904 and in 1911; expeditions to Guantanamo Bay in 1904, 1911, 1912, and 1913; San Juan, Puerto Rico, in 1904; service with the Army of Cuban Pacification in 1906; service in Santo Domingan waters in 1912; Culebra in 1914; and the occupation of Vera Cruz, Mexico, in 1914. His home service was equally varied and included duty at Marine Barracks, Washington, D.C., League Island (Philadelphia), Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, Norfolk, and New York; instruction in submarine mining at the Torpedo Station, Narragansett Bay; teaching in the School of Application, Annapolis, and the Advanced Base School, New London, Connecticut; observation of Army artillery practice

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Logan Feland
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 at Fortress Monroe, Virginia; the supervising of construction of new barracks at Annapolis; and recruiting in New York. World War I
Feland was attached to the 5th Marine Regiment for service in France in World War I and was among the first contingent of American forces which went overseas with General John J. Pershing in May 1917. On his arrival in France, <mask> was made executive officer (XO) of the 5th Marines. When the unit, as part of the 4th Marine Brigade, was thrown into the breach to stem the German advance at Château-Thierry in May 1918, Feland was, as ever, in the thick of the fighting.At Belleau Wood in June 1918 when the halt in the German advance was turned into a retreat, <mask> was given command of all troops in the Wood. For his conspicuous valor on this occasion, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. After his promotion to colonel, <mask> became commanding officer (CO) of the 5th Marine Regiment after the former CO, Wendell Cushing Neville, was promoted to command the 4th Marine Brigade. As such, he led it in the Battles of Soissons, Blanc Mont Ridge and in the Argonne. For his outstanding exploits in the War, <mask> was awarded, in addition to the Distinguished Service Cross mentioned above, the Distinguished Service Medals of both the Army and the Navy, Officer's rank in the Legion of Honor, the Croix de Guerre with bronze star, gold star, and four palms, and was cited in dispatches six times. Upon his return to the United States in May 1919, <mask> was stationed at Headquarters Marine Corps until December when he was detached to command the 2nd Brigade in Santo Domingo. Returning to the United States the following fall, he again joined Headquarters in the capacity of Director of the Division of Operations and Training.He held that post for two years after which he was Assistant to the Major General Commandant for another two years. From November 1926 to February 1927 he was called from his command of the Marine Expeditionary

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 Force at Quantico to head the Eastern Section of the U.S. Mail Guard. In April 1927, <mask> took command of the 2nd Brigade in Nicaragua. After four months in Nicaragua he was transferred to the command of Marine Barracks, Parris Island, South Carolina, which post he held from September 1927 to January 1928. He then returned to Nicaragua and assumed command of the Brigade for a second time, serving there until March 1929. For this second tour in Nicaragua, <mask> was awarded another Distinguished Service Medal. Following a short period at Headquarters after his return from Nicaragua, <mask> was assigned as commanding general of the Department of the Pacific in July 1929.He was serving in that position when he was detached on 25 February 1933. He retired from the Marine Corps on 1 September 1933. <mask> died at Columbus, Ohio, on 17 July 1936. He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery. Awards and honors
<mask> is the recipient of the following awards:

Award citation
The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to Colonel <mask>, U.S. Marine Corps, for extraordinary heroism in action during the operations at Bois de Belleau, June 6–14, 1918. Colonel <mask> distinguished himself by his energy, courage, and disregard for personal safety in voluntarily leading troops into action through heavy artillery and machine-gun fire. His efforts contributed largely to our successes at this point.See also

 Battle of Belleau Wood

Notes

References

1869 births
1936 deaths
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
MIT School of Architecture and Planning alumni
United States Marine Corps generals
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Recipients of the Silver Star
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)
Officiers of the Légion d'honneur
Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal
American military personnel of the Banana Wars
United States Marine Corps personnel of World

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texts: <mask> ( ; ; born 7 August 1975) is a South African and American actress and producer. One of the world's highest-paid actresses, she is the recipient of various accolades, including an Academy Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and a Golden Globe Award. In 2016, Time named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world. <mask> came to international prominence in the 1990s by playing the leading lady in the Hollywood films The Devil's Advocate (1997), Mighty Joe Young (1998), and The Cider House Rules (1999). She received critical acclaim for her portrayal of serial killer Aileen Wuornos in Monster (2003), for which she won the Silver Bear and Academy Award for Best Actress, becoming the first South African to win an Oscar in an acting category. She received another Academy Award nomination for playing a sexually abused woman seeking justice in the drama North Country (2005). <mask> has since starred in several commercially successful action films, including The Italian Job (2003), Hancock (2008), Snow White and the Huntsman (2012), Prometheus (2012), Mad Max: Fury Road (2015), The Fate of the Furious (2017), Atomic Blonde (2017), and The Old Guard (2020).She also received praise for playing troubled women in Jason Reitman's comedy-dramas Young Adult (2011) and Tully (2018), and for portraying Megyn Kelly in the biographical drama Bombshell (2019), receiving a third Academy Award nomination for the last. Since the early 2000s, Theron has ventured into film production with her company Denver and Delilah Productions. She has produced numerous films, in many of which she had a starring role, including The Burning Plain (2008), Dark Places (2015), and Long Shot (2019). Theron became an American citizen in

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Charlize Theron
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 2007, while retaining her South African citizenship. She has been honoured with a motion picture star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Early life
Theron was born in Benoni, in Transvaal Province (Gauteng Province since 1994) of South Africa, the only child of road constructionists Gerda (née Maritz) and <mask> (27 November 1947 – 21 June 1991). Second Boer War military leader Danie <mask> was her great-great-uncle.She is from an Afrikaner family, and her ancestry includes Dutch as well as French and German. Her French forebears were early Huguenots in South Africa. "Theron" is an Occitan surname (originally spelled Théron) pronounced in Afrikaans as . She grew up on her parents' farm in Benoni, near Johannesburg. On 21 June 1991, Theron's father, an alcoholic, threatened both teenaged Charlize and her mother while drunk, physically attacking her mother and firing a gun at both of them. Theron's mother retrieved her own handgun, shot back and killed him. The shooting was legally adjudged to have been self-defense, and her mother faced no charges.Theron attended Putfontein Primary School (Laerskool Putfontein), a period during which she has said she was not "fitting in". She was frequently unwell with jaundice throughout childhood and the antibiotics she was administered made her upper incisor milk teeth rot (they had to be surgically removed) and teeth did not grow until she was roughly ten years old. At 13, Theron was sent to boarding school and began her studies at the National School of the Arts in Johannesburg. Although Theron is fluent in English, her first language is Afrikaans. Career

1991–1996: Early work
Although seeing herself as a dancer, at age 16 Theron won a one-year modelling contract at a local

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 competition in Salerno and moved with her mother to Milan, Italy. After Theron spent a year modelling throughout Europe, she and her mother moved to the US, both New York City and Miami. In New York, she attended the Joffrey Ballet School, where she trained as a ballet dancer until a knee injury closed this career path.As <mask> recalled in 2008:

In 1994, <mask> flew to Los Angeles, on a one-way ticket her mother bought for her, intending to work in the film industry. During the initial months there, she lived in a motel with the $300 budget that her mother had given her; she continued receiving cheques from New York and lived "from paycheck to paycheck" to the point of stealing bread from a basket in a restaurant to survive. One day, she went to a Hollywood Boulevard bank to cash a few cheques, including one her mother had sent to help with the rent, but it was rejected because it was out-of-state and she was not an American citizen. Theron argued and pleaded with the bank teller until talent agent John Crosby, who was the next customer behind her, cashed it for her and gave her his business card. Crosby introduced Theron to an acting school, and in 1995 she played her first non-speaking role in the horror film Children of the Corn III: Urban Harvest. Her first speaking role was Helga Svelgen the hitwoman in 2 Days in the Valley (1996), but despite the movie's mixed reviews, attention drew to Theron due to her beauty and the scene where she fought Teri Hatcher's character. Theron feared being typecast as characters similar to Helga and recalled being asked to repeat her performance in the movie during auditions: "A lot of people were saying, 'You should just hit while the iron's hot'[...] But playing the

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 same part over and over doesn't leave you with any longevity.And I knew it was going to be harder for me, because of what I look like, to branch out to different kinds of roles". When auditioning for Showgirls, <mask> was introduced to talent agent J. J. Harris by the co-casting director Johanna Ray. She recalled being surprised at how much faith Harris had in her potential and referred to Harris as her mentor. Harris would find scripts and movies for <mask> in a variety of genres and encouraged her to become a producer. She would be <mask>'s agent for over 15 years until Harris's death. 1997–2002: Breakthrough
Larger roles in widely released Hollywood films followed, and her career expanded by the end of the 1990s. In the horror drama The Devil's Advocate (1997), which is credited to be her break-out film, <mask> starred alongside Keanu Reeves and Al Pacino as the haunted wife of an unusually successful lawyer.She subsequently starred in the adventure film Mighty Joe Young (1998) as the friend and protector of a giant mountain gorilla, and in the drama The Cider House Rules (1999), as a woman who seeks an abortion in World War II-era Maine. While Mighty Joe Young flopped at the box office, The Devil's Advocate and The Cider House Rules were commercially successful. She was on the cover of the January 1999 issue of Vanity Fair as the "White Hot Venus". She also appeared on the cover of the May 1999 issue of Playboy magazine, in photos taken several years earlier when she was an unknown model; Theron unsuccessfully sued the magazine for publishing them without her consent. By the early 2000s, Theron continued to steadily take on roles in films such as Reindeer Games (2000), The Yards (2000), The Legend of

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 Bagger Vance (2000), Men of Honor (2000), Sweet November (2001), The Curse of the Jade Scorpion (2001), and Trapped (2002), all of which, despite achieving only limited commercial success, helped to establish her as an actress. On this period in her career, Theron remarked: "I kept finding myself in a place where directors would back me but studios didn't. [I began] a love affair with directors, the ones I really, truly admired.I found myself making really bad movies, too. Reindeer Games was not a good movie, but I did it because I loved [director] John Frankenheimer." 2003–2008: Worldwide recognition and critical success

<mask> starred as a safe and vault "technician" in the 2003 heist film The Italian Job, an American homage/remake of the 1969 British film of the same name, directed by F. Gary Gray and opposite Mark Wahlberg, Edward Norton, Jason Statham, Seth Green, and Donald Sutherland. The film was a box office success, grossing US$176 million worldwide. In Monster (2003), <mask> portrayed serial killer Aileen Wuornos, a former prostitute who was executed in Florida in 2002 for killing six men (she was not tried for a seventh murder) in the late 1980s and early 1990s; film critic Roger Ebert felt that <mask> gave "one of the greatest performances in the history of the cinema". For her portrayal, she was awarded the Academy Award for Best Actress at the 76th Academy Awards in February 2004, as well as the Screen Actors Guild Award and the Golden Globe Award. She is the first South African to win an Oscar for Best Actress.The Oscar win pushed her to The Hollywood Reporter's 2006 list of highest-paid actresses in Hollywood, earning up to US$10 million for a film; she ranked seventh. AskMen also named her

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texts: the number one most desirable woman of 2003. For her role as Swedish actress and singer Britt Ekland in the 2004 HBO film The Life and Death of Peter Sellers, <mask> garnered Golden Globe Award and Primetime Emmy Award nominations. In 2005, she portrayed Rita, the mentally challenged love interest of Michael Bluth (Jason Bateman), on the third season of Fox's television series Arrested Development, and starred in the financially unsuccessful science fiction thriller Aeon Flux; for her voice-over work in the Aeon Flux video game, she received a Spike Video Game Award for Best Performance by a Human Female. In the critically acclaimed drama North Country (2005), <mask> played a single mother and an iron mine worker experiencing sexual harassment. David Rooney of Variety wrote: "The film represents a confident next step for lead <mask> <mask>. Though the challenges of following a career-redefining Oscar role have stymied actresses, Theron segues from Monster to a performance in many ways more accomplished [...] The strength of both the performance and character anchor the film firmly in the tradition of other dramas about working-class women leading the fight over industrial workplace issues, such as Norma Rae or Silkwood."Roger Ebert echoed the same sentiment, calling her "an actress who has the beauty of a fashion model but has found resources within herself for these powerful roles about unglamorous women in the world of men." For her performance, she received Academy Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Actress. Ms. magazine also honoured her for this performance with a feature article in its Fall 2005 issue. On 30 September 2005, <mask> received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 2007,

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 Theron played a police detective in the critically acclaimed crime film In the Valley of Elah, and produced and starred as a reckless, slatternly mother in the little-seen drama film Sleepwalking, alongside Nick Stahl and AnnaSophia Robb. The Christian Science Monitor praised the latter film, commenting that "Despite its deficiencies, and the inadequate screen time allotted to <mask> (who's quite good), Sleepwalking has a core of feeling". In 2008, <mask> starred as a woman who faced a traumatic childhood in the drama The Burning Plain, directed by Guillermo Arriaga and opposite Jennifer Lawrence and Kim Basinger, and also played the ex-wife of an alcoholic superhero alongside Will Smith in the superhero film Hancock.The Burning Plain found a limited release in US theaters, but grossed $5,267,917 outside the US. Moreover Hancock made US$624.3 million worldwide. Also in 2008, <mask> was named the Hasty Pudding Theatricals Woman of the Year, and was asked to be a UN Messenger of Peace by the UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon. During this time she began appearing in J'adore Commercials. 2009–2011: Career hiatus and return to acting
Her film releases in 2009 were the post-apocalyptic drama The Road, in which she briefly appears in flashbacks, and the animated film Astro Boy, providing her voice for a character. On 4 December 2009, <mask> co-presented the draw for the 2010 FIFA World Cup in Cape Town, South Africa, accompanied by several other celebrities of South African nationality or ancestry. During rehearsals she drew an Ireland ball instead of France as a joke at the expense of FIFA, referring to Thierry Henry's handball controversy in the play-off match between France and Ireland.The stunt alarmed FIFA enough


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 for it to fear she might do it again in front of a live global audience. Following a two-year hiatus from the big screen, <mask> returned to the spotlight in 2011 with the black comedy Young Adult. Directed by Jason Reitman, the film earned critical acclaim, particularly for her performance as a depressed divorced, alcoholic 37-year-old ghostwriter. Richard Roeper awarded the film an A grade, stating "<mask> <mask> delivers one of the most impressive performances of the year". She was nominated for a Golden Globe Award and several other awards. Roger Ebert called her one of the best actors working today. In 2019, <mask> spoke about her method of working on roles.Creating a physical identity together with the emotional part of the character, she said, is "a great tool set that adds on to everything else you were already doing as an actor. It's a case-by-case thing, but there is, to me, this beautiful thing that happens when you can get both sides: the exterior and interior. It's a really powerful dynamic". When preparing for a role, "I almost treat it like studying. I will find space where I am alone, where I can be focused, where there's nobody in my house, and I can really just sit down and study and play and look at my face and hear my voice and walk around and be a fucking idiot and my dogs are the only ones who are seeing that". 2012–present: Resurgence and further acclaim

In 2012, <mask> took on the role of villain in two big-budgeted films. She played Evil Queen Ravenna, Snow White's evil stepmother, in Snow White and the Huntsman, opposite Kristen Stewart and Chris Hemsworth, and appeared as a crew member with a hidden agenda in Ridley Scott's Prometheus.Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle

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texts: found Snow White and the Huntsman to be "[a] slow, boring film that has no charm and is highlighted only by a handful of special effects and <mask> <mask>'s truly evil queen", while The Hollywood Reporter writer Todd McCarthy, describing her role in Prometheus, asserted: "<mask> is in ice goddess mode here, with the emphasis on ice [...] but perfect for the role all the same". Both films were major box office hits, grossing around US$400 million internationally each. In 2013, Vulture/NYMag named her the 68th Most Valuable Star in Hollywood saying: "We're just happy that <mask> can stay on the list in a year when she didn't come out with anything [...] any actress who's got that kind of skill, beauty, and ferocity ought to have a permanent place in Hollywood". On 10 May 2014, <mask> hosted Saturday Night Live on NBC. In 2014, Theron took on the role of the wife of an infamous outlaw in the western comedy film A Million Ways to Die in the West, directed by Seth MacFarlane, which was met with mediocre reviews and moderate box office returns. In 2015, Theron played the sole survivor of the massacre of her family in the film adaptation of the Gillian Flynn novel Dark Places, directed by Gilles Paquet-Brenner, in which she had a producer credit, and starred as Imperator Furiosa in Mad Max: Fury Road (2015), opposite Tom Hardy. Mad Max received widespread critical acclaim, with praise going towards <mask> for the dominant nature taken by her character.The film made US$378.4 million worldwide. <mask> reprised her role as Queen Ravenna in the 2016 film The Huntsman: Winter's War, a sequel to Snow White and the Huntsman, which was a critical and commercial failure. In 2016, <mask> also starred as a physician and

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texts: activist working in West Africa in the little-seen romantic drama The Last Face, with Sean Penn, provided her voice for the 3D stop-motion fantasy film Kubo and the Two Strings, and produced the independent drama Brain on Fire. That year, Time named her in the Time 100 list of the most influential people in the world. In 2017, <mask> starred in The Fate of the Furious as the main antagonist of the entire franchise, and played a spy on the eve of the collapse of the Berlin Wall in 1989 in Atomic Blonde, an adaptation of the graphic novel The Coldest City, directed by David Leitch. With a worldwide gross of US$1.2 billion, The Fate of The Furious became Theron's most widely seen film, and Atomic Blonde was described by Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times as "a slick vehicle for the magnetic, badass charms of <mask> <mask>, who is now officially an A-list action star on the strength of this film and Mad Max: Fury Road". In the black comedy Tully (2018), directed by Jason Reitman and written by Diablo Cody, <mask> played an overwhelmed mother of three.The film was acclaimed by critics, who concluded it "delves into the modern parenthood experience with an admirably deft blend of humor and raw honesty, brought to life by an outstanding performance by <mask> <mask>". She also played the president of a pharmaceutical in the little-seen crime film Gringo and produced the biographical war drama film A Private War, both released in 2018. In 2019, Theron produced and starred in the romantic comedy film Long Shot, opposite Seth Rogen and directed by Jonathan Levine, portraying a U.S. Secretary of State who reconnects with a journalist she used to babysit. The film had its world premiere at South by Southwest in March

masks: Theron Charlize Theron Theron Charlize Theron


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 2019, and was released on 3 May 2019, to positive reviews from film critics. <mask> next starred as Megyn Kelly in the drama Bombshell, which she also co-produced. Directed by Jay Roach, the film revolves around the sexual harassment allegations made against Fox News CEO Roger Ailes by former female employees. For her work in the film, <mask> was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress, Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama, Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress, Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role, and BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role.That year, Forbes ranked her as the ninth highest-paid actress in the world, with an annual income of $23 million. <mask> produced and starred in The Old Guard directed by Gina Prince-Bythewood, opposite KiKi Layne for Netflix, which was released in July 2020. She next reprised her role as Cipher in F9, originally set for release on 22 May 2020, before its delay to June 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was announced in February 2021 that she will be playing Lady Lesso in upcoming film The School for Good and Evil (2022). Other ventures

Activism

The Charlize Theron Africa Outreach Project (CTAOP) was created in 2007 by <mask>, who the following year was named a UN Messenger of Peace, in an effort to support African youth in the fight against HIV/AIDS. The project is committed to supporting community-engaged organizations that address the key drivers of the disease. Although the geographic scope of CTAOP is Sub-Saharan Africa, the primary concentration has mostly been Charlize's home country of South Africa.By November 2017, CTAOP had raised more than $6.3 million to


texts: support African organizations working on the ground. In 2008, <mask> was named a United Nations Messenger of Peace. In his citation, Ban Ki-Moon said of <mask> "You have consistently dedicated yourself to improving the lives of women and children in South Africa, and to preventing and stopping violence against women and girls". She recorded a public service announcement in 2014 as part of their Stop Rape Now program. In December 2009, CTAOP and TOMS Shoes partnered to create a limited edition unisex shoe. The shoe was made from vegan materials and inspired by the African baobab tree, the silhouette of which was embroidered on blue and orange canvas. Ten thousand pairs were given to destitute children, and a portion of the proceeds went to CTAOP.In 2020, CTAOP partnered with Parfums Christian Dior to create Dior Stands With Women, an initiative that includes Cara Delevingne, Yalitza Aparicio, Leona Bloom, Paloma Elsesser, and others, to encourage women to be assertive by documenting their journey, challenges and accomplishments. <mask> is involved in women's rights organizations and has marched in pro-choice rallies. <mask> is a supporter of same-sex marriage and attended a march and rally to support that in Fresno, California, on 30 May 2009. She publicly stated that she refused to get married until same sex marriage became legal in the United States, saying: "I don't want to get married because right now the institution of marriage feels very one-sided, and I want to live in a country where we all have equal rights. I think it would be exactly the same if we were married, but for me to go through that kind of ceremony, because I have so many friends who are gays and lesbians who would so badly want to get


texts:
 married, that I wouldn't be able to sleep with myself". <mask> further elaborated on her stance in a June 2011 interview on Piers Morgan Tonight. She stated: "I do have a problem with the fact that our government hasn't stepped up enough to make this federal, to make [gay marriage] legal.I think everybody has that right". In March 2014, CTAOP was among the charities that benefited from the annual Fame and Philanthropy fundraising event on the night of the 86th Academy Awards. <mask> was an honoured guest along with Halle Berry and keynote speaker James Cameron. In 2015, <mask> signed an open letter which One Campaign had been collecting signatures for; the letter was addressed to Angela Merkel and Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, urging them to focus on women as they serve as the head of the G7 in Germany and the AU in South Africa respectively, which will start to set the priorities in development funding before a main UN summit in September 2015 that will establish new development goals for the generation. In August 2018, she visited South Africa with Trevor Noah and made a donation to the South African charity Life Choices. In 2018, she gave a speech about AIDS prevention at the 22nd International AIDS Conference in Amsterdam, organized by the International AIDS Society. Since 2008, <mask> has been officially recognized as a United Nations Messenger of Peace.Endorsements
Having signed a deal with John Galliano in 2004, Theron replaced Estonian model Tiiu Kuik as the spokeswoman in the J'Adore advertisements by Christian Dior. In 2018, she appeared in a new advertisement for Dior J'adore. From October 2005 to December 2006, Theron earned US$3 million for the use of her image in a worldwide print media advertising


texts:
 campaign for Raymond Weil watches. In February 2006, she and her production company were sued by Weil for breach of contract. The lawsuit was settled on 4 November 2008. In 2018, Theron joined Brad Pitt, Daniel Wu and Adam Driver as brand ambassadors for Breitling, dubbed the Breitling Cinema Squad. Personal life
In 2007, Theron became a naturalised citizen of the United States, while retaining her South African citizenship.She lives in Los Angeles. <mask> has adopted two children: a daughter, Jackson in March 2012 and another daughter, August, in July 2015. She has been interested in adoption since childhood, when she became aware of orphanages and the overflowing numbers of children in them. In April 2019, <mask> revealed that Jackson, then seven years old, is a transgender girl. She said of her daughters, "They were born who they are[,] and exactly where in the world both of them get to find themselves as they grow up, and who they want to be, is not for me to decide". She is inspired by actresses Susan Sarandon and Sigourney Weaver. She has described her admiration for Tom Hanks as a "love affair" and watched many of his movies throughout her youth.Hollywood actors were never featured in magazines in South Africa so she never knew how famous she was until she moved to the United States, which has been inferred as a factor to her "down-to-earth" attitude to fame. After filming for That Thing You Do! finished, <mask> got Hanks' autograph on her script. She later presented him his Cecil B. DeMille Award in 2020, in which Hanks revealed that he had a mutual admiration for <mask>'s career since the day he met her. <mask> said in 2018 that she went to therapy in her thirties because of anger, discovering that it

masks: Theron Theron Theron Theron Theron


texts:
 was due to her frustration growing up during South Africa's apartheid, which ended when she was 15. Relationships
Theron's first public relationship was with actor Craig Bierko, whom she dated from 1995 to 1997. <mask> was in a three-year relationship with singer Stephan Jenkins until October 2001.Some of Third Eye Blind's third album, Out of the Vein, explores the emotions Jenkins experienced as a result of their breakup. <mask> began a relationship with Irish actor Stuart Townsend in 2001 after meeting him on the set of Trapped. The couple lived together in Los Angeles and Ireland. The couple split up in late 2009. In December 2013, <mask> began dating American actor Sean Penn. The relationship ended in June 2015. Health concerns
<mask> often quips that she has more injuries on sets that are not action films; however, while filming Æon Flux in Berlin, Theron suffered a herniated disc in her neck, caused by a fall while filming a series of back handsprings.It required her to wear a neck brace for a month. Her thumb ligament tore during The Old Guard when her thumb caught in another actor's jacket during a fight scene, which required three operations and six months in a thumb brace. There were no major injuries during the filming of Atomic Blonde but she broke teeth from jaw clenching and had dental surgery to remove them: "I had the removal and I had to put a donor bone in there to heal until I came back, and then I had another surgery to put a metal screw in there." Outside of action films, she had a herniated disk in her lower back as she filmed Tully and also suffered from a depression-like state, which she theorised was the result from the processed food she had to eat for her character's post-natal body.


texts:
 In July 2009, she was diagnosed with a serious stomach virus, thought to be contracted while overseas. While filming The Road, <mask> injured her vocal cords during the labour screaming scenes. On her first modelling job in Morocco, the camel she sat on smacked its head into her jaw, causing two dislocations.When promoting Long Shot, she revealed that she laughed so hard at Borat that her neck locked for five days. Then she added that on the set of Long Shot she "ended up in the ER" after knocking her head against a bench behind her when she was putting on knee pads. Filmography and accolades

As of early 2020, <mask>'s extensive film work has earned her 100 award nominations and 39 wins. References

External links

  (Verified Twitter account)

  from
  at AskMen
  at Emmys.com
  at Aveleyman
  at the SAG-AFTRA Foundation

1975 births
20th-century American actresses
20th-century South African actresses
21st-century American actresses
21st-century South African actresses
Afrikaner people
American abortion-rights activists
American female models
American film actresses
American film producers
American people of Afrikaner descent
American people of Dutch descent
American people of French descent
American people of German descent
American television actresses
American voice actresses
American women film producers
American women's rights activists
Best Actress Academy Award winners
Best Drama Actress Golden Globe (film) winners
HIV/AIDS activists
Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead winners
Living people
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners
People from Benoni
Silver Bear for Best Actress


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 winners
South African emigrants to the United States
South African female models
South African film actresses
South African film producers
South African humanitarians
South African people of Dutch descent
South African people of French descent
South African people of German descent
South African television actresses
South African voice actresses
South African women activists
South African women's rights activists
United Nations Messengers of Peace
Women


texts:
<mask> (born July 22, 1982) is a Canadian retired mixed martial artist who competed in the Featherweight division for the Ultimate Fighting Championship where he was the inaugural Featherweight title challenger, the WEC, and Affliction. He is also a former TKO Featherweight Champion. He was well known for his outstanding boxing skills and very accurate punching techniques, often utilizing the jab. Background
As a teen he attended Ingersoll District Collegiate Institute. He was trained by the late MMA striking coach Shawn Tompkins with Sam Stout at The Adrenaline Training Center in London, Ontario, where he also works as an instructor. Nowadays he owns the training center alongside with Stout and Chris Horodecki. Mixed martial arts career

Ultimate Fighting Championship
Hominick made his UFC debut against former top lightweight Yves Edwards at UFC 58.Hominick defeated Edwards via triangle choke in the second round. Hominick next fought BJJ black belt Jorge Gurgel at UFC Ultimate Fight Night 5. He won by unanimous decision. World Extreme Cagefighting
Hominick lost his first two WEC bouts back to back with first round submission losses to Rani Yahya and Josh Grispi at WEC 28 and WEC 32 respectively. He was scheduled to fight Deividas Taurosevičius on October 10, 2009 at WEC 43., but was forced to withdraw due to an injury and was replaced by Javier Vazquez. Hominick was scheduled to face Yves Jabouin on January 10, 2010 at WEC 46, but Jabouin was forced off the card with an injury. Hominick instead faced WEC newcomer Bryan Caraway, winning via first round submission.The fight eventually took place on June 20, 2010 at WEC 49. Hominick won via TKO in the second round. They both won a Sherdog award for best round of 2010. Hominick faced Leonard Garcia on September 30, 2010 at


texts:
 WEC 51. He won the fight via split decision. Return to UFC
On October 28, 2010, World Extreme Cagefighting merged with the Ultimate Fighting Championship. As part of the merger, all WEC fighters were transferred to the UFC.Hominick faced former training partner, George Roop on January 22, 2011 at UFC Fight Night 23 in a top contender bout. Hominick stopped Roop via punches in the first round. Hominick faced UFC Featherweight Champion José Aldo on April 30, 2011 at UFC 129, where he lost via unanimous decision (48–45, 48–46, and 49–46) in a bout that earned Fight of the Night honors. Hominick faced Chan Sung Jung on December 10, 2011 at UFC 140. Hominick attempted to recklessly attack Jung immediately after touching gloves and was dropped with a counter right. Jung followed up with punches until Hominick went limp and the referee brought an end to the fight, tying one of the fastest KOs in the UFC. Hominick faced Eddie Yagin on April 21, 2012 at UFC 145.Hominick lost the fight via split decision, in a bout that earned both participants Fight of the Night honors. Hominick faced Pablo Garza on November 17, 2012 at UFC 154. He lost the fight by unanimous decision. After the loss at UFC 154, Hominick announced his retirement on December 11, 2012, stating "I truly got to live my passion and follow my dreams by competing in mixed martial arts, especially under the Zuffa banner, but UFC 154, that's the last fight I'll be in the octagon, as I'm retiring and looking to move on to the next phase of my career." Personal life
Hominick attended I.D.C.I school in Ingersoll, Ontario. Hominick married in December 2009. They have two children.<mask> has been involved with several other UFC fighters (Sean Pierson, Sam Stout, and Matt Mitrione) as part of a Toronto area anti-bullying


texts:
<mask> (; born November 29, 1940) is an American flugelhorn player, voice actor, trumpeter and composer. He came to prominence as a member of Art Blakey's band in the 1960s, and later co-led the Jazz Brothers with his brother, Gap. He achieved international success in 1977 with his jazz-pop single "Feels So Good". Mangione has released more than 30 albums since 1960. Early life and career
Mangione was born and raised in Rochester, New York, United States. With his pianist brother Gap, they led the Mangione Brothers Sextet/Quintet, which recorded three albums for Riverside Records, before Mangione branched out into other work. He attended the Eastman School of Music from 1958 to 1963, then joined Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers, for which he filled the trumpet chair previously held by Clifford Brown, Freddie Hubbard, Kenny Dorham, Bill Hardman, and Lee Morgan.In the late 1960s, Mangione was a member of the band The National Gallery, which in 1968 released the album Performing Musical Interpretations of the Paintings of Paul Klee. Mangione served as director of the Eastman jazz ensemble from 1968 to 1972. In 1970, he returned to recording with the album Friends and Love, recorded in concert with the Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra and guest performers. Mangione's quartet with saxophonist Gerry Niewood was a popular concert and recording act throughout the 1970s. "Bellavia", recorded during this collaboration, won Mangione his first Grammy Award in 1977 in the category Best Instrumental Composition. Mangione's composition "Chase the Clouds Away" was used at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec. His composition "Give It All You Got" was the


texts: theme to the 1980 Winter Olympic Games in Lake Placid, New York.He performed it live on a global television broadcast at the closing ceremonies. In 1978, Mangione composed the soundtrack for the film The Children of Sanchez starring Anthony Quinn. This album won him his second Grammy, in the category Best Pop Instrumental performance in 1979. The title song's full version was almost 15 minutes long and featured a wind section theme. In 1981, Mangione composed and performed the theme for the film The Cannonball Run. In addition to his quartet with Niewood, Mangione had much success with his later-1970s ensemble, with Chris Vadala on saxophones and flutes, Grant Geissman on guitars, Charles Meeks on bass guitar, and James Bradley Jr. on drums. This version of Mangione's band recorded and toured behind the hit studio albums Feels So Good and Fun and Games and the Children of Sanchez soundtrack.Some band members participated in the "Tarantella" benefit concert in 1980. The band was also featured with a 70-piece orchestra on the live album An Evening of Magic, which was recorded at the Hollywood Bowl on July 16, 1978, at the height of Mangione's success from "Feels So Good". Performances of material new and old included versions of "Main Squeeze", "Hill Where the Lord Hides", and "Chase the Clouds Away". Mangione opened and closed the show with "Feels So Good" and its "Reprise" version. "B' Bye" featured a string arrangement from Bill Reichenbach. The horns were arranged by frequent collaborator Jeff Tyzik, who also played trumpet in the horn section that night. Mangione played material from the just-released "Children of Sanchez" soundtrack


texts:
 album, which made its West Coast concert debut.The liner notes from the album describe the frenzy in which the performance was put together. Unable to set up on stage the day before (The Los Angeles Philharmonic played the "1812 Overture" on July 15), Mangione and his crew had only the day of show to set up lights, sound and recording gear. He had only nine hours the day before to rehearse at A&M studios with the orchestra's musicians and was never able to run through the entire set list once in its entirety. He and the band stayed at a hotel up the street from the Bowl to make sure they would not miss the performance due to snarled traffic pouring in as showtime neared. Nevertheless, the show went off without a hitch. In December 1980, Mangione held a benefit concert in the Americana Hotel Ballroom in Rochester, to benefit the victims of an earthquake in Italy. The nine-hour concert included jazz performers Chick Corea, Steve Gadd and Dizzy Gillespie, among a host of other session and concert musicians.Soon thereafter, A&M released Tarantella, named for the Italian traditional dance, a vinyl album of some of the concert's exceptional moments, which has not yet been released as a CD. A 1980 issue of Current Biography called "Feels So Good" the most recognized tune since "Michelle" by The Beatles. He raised over $50,000 for St. John's Nursing Home at his 60th Birthday Bash Concert at the Eastman Theatre and played a few bars of "Feels So Good". In 1997, Mangione did a session with Les Paul. Mangione was told of how he beat out Paul for the 'Album of the Year' award. Acting career and television appearances
In addition to music, Mangione has


texts: made a few appearances in television shows. In the Magnum, P.I.episode "Paradise Blues", <mask>e portrays a fellow night club act along with TC's (Roger E. Mosley's) former girlfriend. He performed two singles and has lines near the end of the show. In 1988, Mangione appeared on the hit family TV show: Sharon, Lois & Bram's Elephant Show as "Little Boy Blue" playing his famous song. Mangione had a recurring voice-acting role on the animated television series King of the Hill. In it he portrays himself as a celebrity spokesman for Mega Lo Mart, almost always wearing the white and red jacket from the cover of his Feels So Good album. The first episode of King of the Hill with Mangione originally aired on February 16, 1997. The episode featured an original score specifically recorded for the occasion.He continued to appear in episodes, a total of ten more up until 2003. In the context of the series, Mangione chafes under an oppressive spokesperson contract with Mega Lo Mart (his contract had him appearing at every Mega-Lo store opening, some 400 per year, leaving him no time to tour, record or be with his family). He eventually goes into hiding inside their store in Arlen, Texas, the fictional town in which King of the Hill is set. Mangione is discovered by Dale Gribble, who keeps his secret, in the episode "Mega-Lo Dale." After a long hiatus, the character of <mask>e returned in May 2007 in an episode titled "Lucky's Wedding Suit". A recurring joke is that whatever tune he plays on his flugelhorn inevitably shifts into "Feels So Good" after a few bars. The series finale in 2009 included Mangione one last time, playing the National Anthem which

masks:
Chuck Mangion
Chuck Mangion


texts:
 segued into "Feels So Good".After the Mega Lo Mart blows up, Mangione states during a group therapy session that "Every song I play now sounds like 'Feels So Good'." In homage to the series, Mangione's album Everything For Love contains a track titled "Peggy Hill". Mangione's band
Two members of the band, Gerry Niewood and Coleman Mellett, were among those killed when Continental Airlines Flight 3407 crashed into a house in the vicinity of Buffalo, New York, on February 12, 2009. In a statement Mangione said: "I'm in shock over the horrible, heartbreaking tragedy." Discography

Riverside Records
 The Mangione Brothers Sextet: The Jazz Brothers (Riverside RLP-9335, August 1960; CD reissue: OJC CD-997, 1998)
 The Jazz Brothers: Hey Baby! (Riverside RLP-9371, March 1961; CD reissue: OJC CD-668, 1991)
 The Jazz Brothers: Spring Fever with Sal Nistico (Riverside RLP-9405, November 1961; CD reissue: OJC CD-769, 1993)
 Recuerdo with Joe Romano (Jazzland JLP-984, 1962; CD reissue: OJC CD-495, 1990)
 Jazz Brother (Milestone M-47042, 1977) 2-LP compilation

Mercury Records
 Friends & Love...A <mask>e Concert (Mercury SRM-2-800, 1970) 2-LP
 Together: A New <mask>gione Concert (Mercury SRM-2-7501, 1971) 2-LP
 The <mask>e Quartet (Mercury SRM-1-631, 1972)
 <mask>e Quartet: Alive! 6) (A&M/PolyGram 212 502, 1987) compilation
 Greatest Hits (Backlot Series) (A&M/PolyGram 540 514, 1996) compilation
 Chuck Mangione's Finest Hour (Verve/Universal 490 670, 2000) compilation
 The Best of Chuck Mangione (20th Century Masters/The Millennium Collection) (Chronicles/A&M/Universal 493 385, 2002) compilation
 Chuck Mangione: 5 Original Albums (A&M/Universal [EU] 537

masks:
Chuck Mangion
Chuck Man
Chuck Mangion
Chuck Mangion


texts:
 656, 2017) 5-CD set; includes Chase the Clouds Away, Main Squeeze, Feels So Good, Fun and Games, and 70 Miles Young.Columbia Records
 Love Notes (Columbia FC 38101, 1982)
 Journey to a Rainbow (Columbia FC 38686, 1983)
 Disguise (Columbia FC 39479, 1984)
 Save Tonight for Me (Columbia FC 40254, 1986)
 Eyes of the Veiled Temptress (Columbia FC 40984, 1988)
 The Best of <mask>e (Legacy/Columbia CK 86345, 2004) compilation

Other labels
 Live at the Village Gate (Feels So Good FSC-001, 1989) 2-CD
 The Boys from Rochester with Steve Gadd, Joe Romano, Gap Mangione, Frank Pullara (Feels So Good FSC-9002, 1989) 2-CD
 Greatest Hits [live] (Feels So Good FSG-9004, 1991)
 The Hat's Back (<mask> Mangione/Gates Music 1001, 1994)
 Together Forever with Steve Gadd (Chuck Mangione/Gates Music 1002, 1994)
 Live at the Village Gate, Vol. 1 (Pro-Arte 001, 1995) reissue
 Live at the Village Gate, Vol. 2 (Pro-Arte 002, 1995) reissue
 The Feeling's Back (Chesky JD-184, 1999)
 Everything for Love (Chesky JD-199, 2000)
 Keep in Sight (Tidal, 2019)

With Art Blakey & The Jazz Messengers
 Buttercorn Lady [live] (Limelight LS-86034, 1966)
 Hold On, I'm Coming (Limelight LS-86038, 1966)

References

External links
 – official site

1940 births
Living people
American jazz flugelhornists
American jazz trumpeters
American male trumpeters
American people of Italian descent
A&M Records artists
Chesky Records artists
Columbia Records artists
Eastman School of Music alumni
Grammy Award winners
The Jazz Messengers members
Musicians from Rochester, New York
Mercury Records artists
Smooth jazz musicians
Jazz musicians from New York (state)
American male jazz musicians
Mangione

masks:
Chuck Mangion
Chuck


texts:
Rev. <mask> D.D. (6 July 1812 – 4 Jan 1881) - commonly styled F. J<mask> - painter, architect and Wesleyan Methodist minister, became President of the Methodist Conference in 1869, and Treasurer of the Wesleyan Methodist Foreign Mission Society, 1869–1882. Alongside his important role in encouraging Methodist architecture, he was the author of devotional, architectural, biographical and travel books - which, combined with his role superintending the Wesleyan Methodist Magazine for over a decade and related duties - led to a great expansion of Methodist publishing. His topographical paintings provide a further legacy. Early life
F. J<mask>, son of <mask> and Elizabeth Caborn (b. 20 November 1786, Beverley), was born in 1812, three years before the end of the Napoleonic wars, while his father was serving in the North Lincoln Militia and his parents were stationed at Essex and elsewhere in England.Brought up in Lincoln, on leaving school he served an apprenticeship to <mask> Willson (1787–1854), architect, antiquary and politician of Lincoln. However, an enthusiasm for the Wesleyan Methodist ministry, led him to retrain, and in 1834 he entered the Wesleyan Methodist ministry as pastor at Patrington, East Riding of Yorkshire. A year later he moved to a chapel in Manchester for a brief period (1835–7) whereupon he was invited to the Isle of Man to give the first Sunday address in the newly opened chapel at Douglas, then on to the City Road Chapel, London, as an assistant minister with circuit work, serving three terms, each of three years at City Road Chapel. Much of what is known of Jobson's early life, his brothers and sisters, relatives and parentage results

masks:
Frederick James Jobson
. Jobson
. Jobson
John Jobson
Edward James


texts:
 from a detailed biographical account of the life and upbringing of his mother, who was major influence on his life. This, he published in 1855, under the title A Mother's Portrait. It provides a first-hand account of early Methodism in Lincoln, in the early nineteenth century. <mask> recalled, in the book, that it should be remembered that it required some degree of moral heroism to become a Methodist, at the time father and mother joined the Society.I well recollect that when a child at school I was taunted with the name on their account. Travels abroad
After about twenty years–in May 1856, with Dr. John Hannah–he was sent as one of the representatives of the British Wesleyan Conference, to the Methodist Episcopal Conference at Indianapolis in the USA. While there, he was awarded the honorary degree of D.D. After his return to Britain, he was sent abroad, by the English Wesleyan Conference - this time to the Australian Wesleyan Conference at Sydney (January 1861), and was accompanied by his wife. During this visit his host was Alexander McArthur. As a keen observer of the places through which this journey took him, he kept a travel diary. On his return to England in 1862, he published this account of his journey under the title, Australia, with Notes by the way of Egypt, Ceylon, Bombay, and the Holy Land.In this he described how, on 18 February, he "crossed the Harbour of the North Shore ... to view from the highest elevation on that side of the water... turning our backs upon this vision of the wilderness ... we had, perhaps the grandest panorama of Sydney that can be obtained from any point of view". His painting of this view became one of several


texts:
 topographical scenes he completed on his trip; a chromolithograph of this view was used with some variations in his book. In 1866, the death at sea of friends he had met while in Australia - Rev. <mask> Draper (1810–1866) and his wife - he led him to published an account of their lives and tragedy. Architectural interests
Before <mask>'s travels to America and Australia, he had become a recognised author, and an authority on Nonconformist, and in particular Wesleyan, chapel design. This recognition had been secured following publication of his best-known book, Chapel and School Architecture as Appropriate to the Buildings of Nonconformists Particularly to Those of the Wesleyan Methodists: With Practical Directions for the Erection of Chapels and School-Houses (1850). In this book he maintained that chapels are not meant to be designed to look like concert halls.He regarded Neo-Gothic with a degree of praise, and adapted its medieval designs to the traditions and needs of nineteenth-century Independent or Nonconformist chapels. Externally, a greater use of brick and design elements not generally acceptable in Anglican Neo-Gothic, could be promoted in the Neo-Gothic of Nonconformist chapels. In this, the Dissenting Gothic style, the central aisle (a key feature of Anglican churches) was ruled out; as was the choir and apse. These and other modifications contributed to simplicity of interior design and internally, the most important focal point was the pulpit as required by dissenting congregations. Due to the presence of women preachers in some Nonconformist chapels (entirely absent from Anglican churches), panels called 'modesty boards' were sometimes

masks:
Daniel James
Jobson


texts:
 introduced into Dissenting Gothic pulpit designs. Seating arrangements took several forms, including sometimes being raised. <mask>'s knowledge of architecture proved particularly useful to him in his relations with the Wesleyans' commissioning around 1850 of a Normal Training College at Westminster; their opening in 1851 of new premises for Wesley's Kingswood School in Bath, Somerset, founded in 1748; and also the Wesleyan Theological Institution, Richmond that opened in 1843 when students transferred from Abney House.All of these constructions, he took an active interest. Writing and publications
In Britain by 1864, <mask> was appointed to take charge of Methodist publications. He became book steward of the Wesleyan Methodist organisation, and under his management the publishing department was greatly developed, and he superintended the Wesleyan Methodist Magazine for twelve years. During this period, he was elected President of the Wesleyan Methodist Conference (in the late 1860s); and was also appointed Treasurer of the Wesleyan Methodist Foreign Missions Society, 1869–1882. He also took a keen role in the Wesleyan Society for Securing the Repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts which supported Josephine Butler's crusading work for women. Besides several devotional works, and published sermons, <mask> was author of:
 Chapel and School Architecture, 1850
 A Mother's Portrait, 1855
 America and American Methodism, 1857
 The Method of Man's Reconciliation With God (with John Hannah), 1857
 The Servant of his Generation... a tribute to Dr Bunting, 1858
 Australia, with notes by the way on Egypt, Ceylon, Bombay and the Holy Land, 1862
 Perfect Love for

masks: Jobson Jobson Jobson


texts:
 Christian Believers, 1864
 Serious Truths for Consideration, 1864
 Visible Union with the Church of Christ, 1864
 The Shipwrecked Minister and His Drowning Charge, 1866
 Verbatim Report of the Speeches of Revs. W. M. Punshon...George Osborn...F. J. Jobson...[and others] at the Meeting Held in...the Cannon Street Hotel, on Friday, 5 March 1875 (Wesleyan Society for Securing the Repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts), 1875.Paintings
<mask>'s watercolour paintings of architectural and topographical scenes include the following examples from his Australian studies:

Death & legacy
F. J<mask> died at 21 Highbury Place, Holloway Road, London, on 4 January 1881. His funeral sermon was preached at Wesley's Chapel, London, on 9 February, and he was buried in Highgate Cemetery on 8 January. One biographer described him as a "large hearted and catholic-spirited man, and is the acknowledged friend of prominent men in the Established Church and of non-conformist ministers". A number of his sermons were published in Life of F. J<mask> by Rev Benjamin Gregory (London: 1884). Further background about his life was published in Recollections of Seventy Years (1888) by the African-American Methodist minister Daniel Alexander Payne D.D. LL.D; and by the Chartist radical and writer Thomas Cooper in his autobiography (dedicated to <mask>), published in 1857. Notes

References

Harper's Weekly 11 September 1869 (with portrait)
Illustrated London News, Supplement, 14 August 1867 p165

Attribution

1812 births
1881 deaths
People from Lincoln, England
English Methodist ministers
Methodist Church of Great Britain people
19th-century Methodist ministers
Presidents of the Methodist

masks:
Jobson
. Jobson
. Jobson
Frederick Jobson


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<mask> (June 6, 1755 – September 22, 1776) was an American Patriot, soldier and spy for the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He volunteered for an intelligence-gathering mission in New York City but was captured by the British and executed. <mask> is considered an American hero and in 1985 was officially designated the state hero of Connecticut. Early life and family
<mask> was born in Coventry, Connecticut, in 1755, to <mask> and Elizabeth Strong, a descendant of Elder John Strong. He was a great-grandson of Reverend <mask>, an important figure in the Salem witch trials of 1692. He was also the grand-uncle of <mask>, a Unitarian minister, writer, and activist noted for social causes including abolitionism. He was the uncle of journalist <mask>, who founded the Boston Daily Advertiser and helped establish the North American Review.In 1769, when <mask> was fourteen years old, he was sent with his brother Enoch, who was sixteen, to Yale College. He was a classmate of fellow Patriot spy Benjamin Tallmadge. The <mask> brothers belonged to the Linonian Society of Yale, which debated topics in astronomy, mathematics, literature, and the ethics of slavery. <mask> graduated with first-class honors in 1773 at age 18 and became a teacher, first in East Haddam and later in New London. American Revolutionary War
After the Revolutionary War began in 1775, <mask> joined a Connecticut militia unit and was elected first lieutenant within five months. His company participated in the Siege of Boston, but <mask> remained behind. It has been suggested that he was unsure as to whether he wanted to fight, or possibly that he was hindered because his teaching contract in New London did not expire until several months later, in July 1775.On July 4, 1775, <mask> received a letter from his classmate and friend Benjamin Tallmadge, who had gone to Boston to see the siege for himself. He

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 wrote to <mask>, "Was I in your condition, I think the more extensive service would be my choice. Our holy Religion, the honor of our God, a glorious country, & a happy constitution is what we have to defend." Tallmadge's letter was so inspiring that, several days later, <mask> accepted a commission as first lieutenant in the 7th Connecticut Regiment under Colonel Charles Webb of Stamford. <mask> was also a part of Knowlton's Rangers, the first organized intelligence service organization of the United States of America, led by Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Knowlton. In the spring of 1776, the Continental Army moved to Manhattan to defend New York City against the anticipated British attack. In August, the British soundly defeated the Continentals in the Battle of Long Island via a flanking move from Staten Island across Brooklyn.General George Washington was desperate to determine the location of the imminent British invasion of Manhattan; to that end, Washington called for a spy behind enemy lines, and <mask> was the only volunteer. Intelligence-gathering mission
<mask> volunteered on September 8, 1776, to go behind enemy lines and report on British troop movements, which he knew was an act of spying, immediately punishable by death. He was ferried across the Long Island Sound to Huntington, New York, on British-controlled Long Island, on September 12. <mask> planned to disguise himself as a Dutch schoolteacher looking for work, though he did not travel under an assumed name and reportedly carried with him his Yale diploma bearing his real name. While <mask> was undercover, New York City (then the area at the southern tip of Manhattan, mostly south of what is now Chambers Street) fell to British forces on September 15, and Washington was forced to retreat to the island's north in Harlem Heights (what is now Morningside Heights). Shortly after, on September 21, a quarter of the lower

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