texts:
 by his own request, was buried against the wall in the graveyard of All Saints' Church, Hastings. His gravestone stresses his religious convictions. The Religious Tract Society estimated that they had sold more than 15 million copies of his works worldwide by the time he died, and many of his Tracts are still in print today. Immediately after his death his house at Hastings became, briefly, a tourist attraction, as readers of his works travelled to Hastings to view the room where 'Old Humphrey' had died. A plaque on the wall of the house records his residence there, and a street in the Old Town area of Hastings, a short walk from his house, was named "Old Humphrey Avenue" in his honour. Two biographies of his life appeared shortly after his death, one, particularly florid and exuberant, written by his close friend Charles Williams, the other sponsored by The Religious Tract Society.Literary career
<mask> had begun writing poems and short articles for his own amusement while still at school. Later, during his apprenticeship years, he made the acquaintance of Samuel Jackson Pratt, a prolific and popular (though now largely forgotten) poet who lived in Colmore Row, Birmingham. Mogridge showed Pratt examples of his writings and the latter encouraged him to start writing for publication. "Jeremy Jaunt"
In his spare time, <mask>, encouraged by Pratt, wrote and submitted a series of letters and articles to The Birmingham and Lichfield Chronicle under the pseudonym of "Jeremy Jaunt" (supposedly an aged, bewigged man with smallpox scars, who had lived in Birmingham his entire life). These were accepted and became a weekly column called "Local Perambulations". The early columns dealt principally with the need for improvements to Birmingham, but in later years also tackled more widespread subjects including

masks: Mogridge Mogridge


type: original

texts:
 expressing support for the anti-slavery movement. "Thomas Brown"
During his time in Birmingham, <mask> joined with a relative in campaigning to rid the city of what he considered to be vice and immorality.A particular target was the 'obscene' ballads which were published and sold on the city streets. Mogridge's aim was to buy up every copy of the obscene ballads and destroy them, and to persuade the publishers to stop printing further copies. The publishers, naturally, refused his request, so <mask> decided to write his own ballad, in the style and metre of the obscene ballads, but on a moral and religious topic. This led to the publication of his first Religious Tract, Thomas Brown (Full title: The Sabbath-Breaker reclaimed: or the Pleasing History of Thomas Brown, in verse). The ballad told the tale of a poor, drunken, miserable man who is brought to realise that his poverty and misery are due to his neglecting to attend church on Sundays. Thomas Brown was an instant success and sold thousands of copies; Mogridge's biographer records that one man derived his entire livelihood by singing Thomas Brown for money, non-stop, on the streets of London. "Old Humphrey"
In 1833, The Religious Tract Society began issuing a weekly periodical, "The Weekly Visitor" and invited Mogridge to contribute "articles on a variety of familiar topics treated in a popular manner."<mask> chose to write these under a new pen-name, "Old Humphrey". He originally intended "Old Humphrey" to be no more than a pseudonym, but with the unexpected popularity of the articles, the public were soon keen to know more about "Old Humphrey", and the author's identity became a matter of popular speculation in the press. In response <mask> began to imbue his pseudonym with the character of an elderly, kind hearted gentleman, responding to one

masks: Mogridge Mogridge Mogridge Mogridge


texts:
 paper's article, "Who is Old Humphrey?" with an enigmatic description beginning,

The 'Old Humphrey' articles proved so popular with the public that <mask> was eventually to write 46 articles and books under that name over a period of twenty years, including Old Humphrey's Observations and Old Humphrey's Pithy Papers on Singular Subjects. Many of 'Old Humphrey's' books were aimed at children and were popular 'prizes' at Sunday-Schools. Other writings
<mask> used various other pseudonyms, both male and female, in his long career, including "Uncle Adam", "Old Alan Gray", "Ephraim Holding", "Uncle Newbury", "Aunt Newbury", "Old Father Thames," "Grandfather Gregory", "Grandmamma Gilbert", "Aunt Upton", "Amos Armfield", "Godfrey Gilbert" and "Peter Parley" – the latter bringing him into conflict with an American writer, Samuel Griswold Goodrich, who also wrote under that name. <mask> also wrote fifty books under his own name, including The Juvenile Culprits (1829) and The Churchyard Lyricist (1832).A keen traveller and walker, he also published several travel books based on his journeys, such as Wanderings in the Isle of Wight (1846). Notes

References

External links

 <mask>: His Life, Character and Writings, by Charles William (online version)
 List of works by <mask>
 Memoir of Old Humphrey (Religious Tract Society) – online version
 The Sabbath-Breaker reclaimed: or the Pleasing History of Thomas Brown, in verse
 Full text of Old Humphrey's Lively Lectures and Cheerful Chapters

1787 births
1854 deaths
19th-century English novelists
English Anglicans
English male journalists
English short story writers
People from Birmingham, West Midlands
People from Hastings
Victorian poets
Victorian novelists
English male poets
English male short story writers
English male novelists
19th-century British short

masks:
Mogridge
Mogridge
Mogridge
George Mogridge
George Mogridge


texts:
<mask> of Arniston, the Elder, 2nd Lord Arniston (1685–1753) was a Scottish lawyer, and Tory politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1722 to 1737. In 1728 he reintroduced into Scottish juries the possible verdicts of guilty or not guilty as against proven or not proven. He was Lord President of the Court of Session from 1748 to 1753. Early life
<mask> was born on 9 December 1685.the second son of <mask>, Lord Arniston, a judge of the court of session, and his wife Margaret Sinclair, daughter of Sir <mask> of Stevenson. The family's Edinburgh house was at the head of Old Fishmarket Close on the Royal Mile. The house was later destroyed in the Great Fire of Edinburgh. He was educated at Utrecht in about 1700 and was admitted a member of the Faculty of Advocates on 26 July 1709, and   became a profound lawyer through his Interest and talent.Career
In about 1717 <mask> was appointed  Assessor to city of Edinburgh and was also appointed in 1717 Solicitor General for Scotland by the secretary of state, the Duke of Roxburghe, the head of the Squadrone. He found this an irksome position, and in 1718 applied to succeed Eliot of Minto on the bench, but the place was already given to Sir Walter Pringle. However, he was promoted in 1720 by the Duke of Roxburghe to be  Lord Advocate, in succession to Sir David Dalrymple . On 9 December 1721 he became dean of the Faculty of Advocates. On 11 July 1721 he resigned the post of assessor to the city of Edinburgh  and an acrimonious correspondence took place between him and the

masks:
Robert Dundas
Dundas
Robert Dundas
Robert Sinclair
Dundas


texts: magistrates of Edinburgh. At the  1722 British general election <mask>  was returned as Member of Parliament for  Edinburghshire. He was a major opponent of the malt-tax in 1724, after the Argyll party came into power with <mask>.He was counsel for the Glasgow magistrates after they were charged with conniving at the riots against the tax. He became  a key figure in agitation against the tax and also encouraged the Edinburgh brewers to resist. In the Commons, on 4 March 1726, he blamed the riots on the mismanagement of the Government and the military authorities. Later he put forward a proposal to allocate part of the malt tax to improvements in Scotland. In 1727 he proposed a counter-address against the malt tax instead  of a loyal address of the court of session. At the 1727 British general election <mask> was returned unopposed as MP for Edinburghshire  and continued in opposition. He spoke  against the Government in the Dunkirk debate on 12 February 1730 and also in 1730 promoted a bill to give the court of session the power of adjourning.After his return unopposed at the 1734 British general election,  he was the chief adviser of the opposition formed of representative peers and members of parliament against the administration of Scotch affairs adopted by Lord Ilay. With  Erskine of Grange, he joined with the opposition in an attack in both Houses on the methods   which the Government had used in  the recent election of Scottish representative peers. This opposition movement was, however, unsuccessful. On 5 May 1735 the

masks:
Dundas
Robert Wpole
Dundas


texts:
 Commons passed a bill drafted by Erskine and introduced by <mask> to prevent the wrongful imprisonment of persons coming to vote in elections, but the  bill was thrown out by the House of Lords. On 10 June 1737, <mask> was appointed a judge of the court of session, in succession to Sir Walter Pringle of Newhall, and vacated his seat in the House of Commons. In 1745, <mask>'  son <mask> dissuaded his father from retiring into private life, but it was believed, he would have retired in 1748 if his hopes of becoming lord president had been disappointed. After a vacancy of nine months, the ministry and independent Whigs, overrode the Duke of Argyll's opposition, and on 10 September 1748 <mask> succeeded Duncan Forbes of Culloden as lord president, and filled the office for the rest of his life.<mask> dies at Abbey Hill, Edinburgh, on 26 August 1753. He was buried on 31 August in the family tomb at Borthwick. Most famous case
Dunas's most famous case was his defence of James Carnegie of Finhaven in 1728 on his trial for the murder of Charles, earl of Strathmore, whom he killed in a drunken brawl by mistake for Lyon of Bridgeton. The original practice was to allow the jury to find the prisoner generally guilty or not guilty; about the time of Charles II this was altered to a finding upon the facts of proven or not proven. In this case it was clear that Carnegie killed Strathmore. If the jury were to find the fact proven, leaving the court to pronounce the legal effect of that finding, Carnegie was a dead man. <mask> forced the

masks: Dundas Dundas Dundas Robert Dundas Dundas Dundas


texts:
 court to return to the older course, and the jury found Carnegie not guilty, and this practice was adopted in subsequent cases.Assessment
As an advocate he was both eloquent and ingenious; in private life idle and convivial. <mask>'s appearance was forbidding and his voice harsh; his portrait is preserved at Arniston, and is engraved in the Arniston Memoirs. Family
Dundas married, twice. In 1712, Elizabeth, eldest daughter of <mask> of Muirhouse, who, with four of his children, died in January 1734 of smallpox, and by her he had a son, <mask>, afterwards lord president, and other children. On 3 June 1734, he married Anne, daughter of Sir William Gordon, bart., of Invergordon, by whom he had five sons and a daughter. One of these sons, Henry, was Treasurer of the Navy and 1st Viscount Melville. Notes

References
Attribution
 Endnotes:
Omond's Arniston Memoirs, 1887
Omond's Lord Advocates of Scotland
State Trials, xvii.73
Lockhart Papers, ii. 88
Brunton and Haig's Senators
Trans. of Royal Society Edinburgh, ii. 37
Scots Magazine, 1753 and 1757
Douglas's Baronage of Scotland
Drummond's Hist. of Noble British Families
Tytler's Life of Lord Kames, i. 50. Further reading

1685 births
1753 deaths
Lord Advocates
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Scottish constituencies
Senators of the College of Justice
Rectors of the University of Glasgow
<mask>
Lords President of the Court of Session
Deans of the Faculty of Advocates
Place of birth missing
Solicitors General for Scotland
British MPs 1722–1727
British MPs

masks:
Dundas
Robert Watson
Robert
Robert Dundas


texts:
<mask> (born 17 July 1949) is an Irish composer best known for his electro-acoustic work, for which he was made a Saoi of Aosdána, and for his piano music for theatre. Education
Born in Malahide, County Dublin, <mask> studied piano from the age of nine. After leaving school he attended the Royal Irish Academy of Music for three years, studying composing, during which time he was awarded two composition scholarships. He also studied at the Institute of Sonology at the University of Utrecht in the Netherlands and the Finnish Radio Experimental Music Studio on scholarships. Early work
As a performer <mask> began as a drummer with the groups Supply Demand and Curve and Jazz Therapy, playing free improvisatory and fusion music. He released his first LP, Oizzo No, in 1975, and his second, Thalia, in 1978 on CBS Classics. Rapid Eye Movements (1981) was his third LP, and his attempt at a "masterpiece before the age of thirty".Electro-acoustic and other work
<mask> began his magnum opus, Babel, in 1989 – a 5-CD set that took ten years to compose. Each track corresponds to a 'room' or place within an imagined giant tower city, a kind of aural virtual reality. It celebrates the multiplicity of musical language. 103 pieces of music were composed for it and he worked with 48 collaborators. From 2002 to 2007 he worked on the three-volume electronic work Passades. 27 albums of his music have been released. <mask> has also composed scores for several films including Budawanny, Pigs and the documentary Atlantean by Bob Quinn.In 2013 he founded META Productions  with opera director Eric Fraad, committed to exploring new forms

masks:
Roger Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle


texts:
 of opera for the 21st century. Their first production was the electronic opera Heresy. Originally titled The Death by Fire of Giordano Bruno, A 40-minute 'in development' version was performed as part of a fully staged concert of <mask>'s works at both the Kilkenny Arts Festival and in the Dublin Theatre Festival 2013. The 2 hour Heresy was presented as part of 'Project 50', a season of work celebrating 50 years of Project Arts Centre in November 2016. The opera is based on episodes from the life and works of Giordano Bruno. It was broadcast on RTÉ Lyric fm in September 2017 and released as a double album on Heresy records on 2018. Recent album releases are: The Thousand Year Old Boy (explorations in imagined world musics - 2013); Time Machine (music composed around telephone messages from the 1980s - 2015);  Frail Things In Eternal Places (electronic sounds with the scored and/or improvised vocal collaborations of 8 singers - 2016), The Heresy Ostraca (a remix album which fragments audio files of the Heresy opera and makes new pieces from the re-assemblage - 2019).Theatre
<mask> founded the music theatre company Operating Theatre with Irish actress Olwen Fouéré. They produced many important site-specific productions, including Passades, Here Lies and Angel/Babel, all featuring <mask>'s music as an equal partner in the theatrical environment. Operating Theatre performed in conventional and site-specific venues in Ireland, England, Holland, France, Venezuela and the US and released several records. With Icontact Dance Company, <mask> produced Tower of Babel – Delusional Architecture, featuring as much of

masks: Doyle Doyle Doyle Doyle


texts:
 Babel as he had composed by then. This work was originally performed in a whole wing of the Irish Museum of Modern Art in 1992. Arguably <mask>'s most famous theatre work is the music he wrote and performed on piano onstage for the Steven Berkoff version of the Oscar Wilde play Salome which played in Dublin's Gate Theatre, in London's West End and on three world tours. The Irish Times noted that "his name is revered in the realm of theatre".Critical reception
<mask>'s works Four Sketches and All the Rage were awarded second and first prizes in the Dublin Symphony Orchestra composition competition in 1970 and 1974 respectively. He has won the Programme Music Prize (1997) and the Magisterium Award (2007) at the Bourges International Electro-Acoustic Competition in Bourges, France. He also received the Irish Arts Council's Marten Toonder Award in 2000 in recognition of his innovative work as a composer. <mask> is a member of Aosdána, and has recently been made Adjunct Professor of Music at Trinity College Dublin. President Michael D. Higgins conferred the honour of Saoi on <mask> on 16 August 2019 by placing  a gold torc around his neck. This is the highest honour of Aosdána that can be bestowed by fellow Aosdána members. No more than seven living members can be so honoured at one time.,
The Irish Times described his album Chalant – Memento Mori as  "a richly rewarding work that runs the full, glorious gamut of human emotion". It was Album of the Week on 30 March 2012 in the same paper. Babel was re-released in 2013 and received this review from Fanfare Magazine (USA), January 2014: "This is a phenomenal

masks:
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Roger Doyle


texts:
 listening experience of Wagnerian dimensions ─ and, arguably, Wagnerian ambitions. The whole concept is amazing [...] an impeccably imagined alternative world experience. Fascinating, and well worth the time required to properly immerse oneself in the weird and wonderful contents of <mask>'s head." Influences
As a teenager <mask> was influenced by Stravinsky, Debussy, Pierre Henry and The Beatles. Selected discography
Fairlight Memories
Baby Grand
Cool Steel Army
Babel
The Ninth Set
Passades – Volumes 1 & 2
Rapid Eye Movements
Thalia/Oizzo No
The Room in the Tower
Chalant – Memento Mori
The Thousand Year Old Boy

References

External links

 http://rogerdoyle1.bandcamp.com/

 http://www.rogerdoyle.com/discog.php
 http://cmc.ie/composers/pdfs/35.pdf
 https://web.archive.org/web/20130624173057/http://operatingtheatre.ie/
 http://www.metaproductions.ie

1949 births
20th-century classical composers
21st-century classical composers
Aosdána members
Electroacoustic music composers
Irish classical composers
Irish pianists
Living people
Irish male classical composers
Modernist composers
Musicians from County Dublin
Male pianists
21st-century pianists
20th-century male musicians
21st-century male musicians
People from

masks:
Roger Doyle
Doyle


texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; October 15, 1917 – March 13, 2009) was an American businessman best known for his tenures at Capitol Records, first as a writer/producer best known for creating Bozo the Clown for a series of record-album and illustrative read-along children's book sets. As Vice-President in charge of Programming at NBC, in 1959 he oversaw the development and launch of the network's most successful television series, Bonanza. Early years
<mask> was born in the Pittsburgh suburb of McDonald, Pennsylvania on October 15, 1917. He was the youngest of three children, whose mother encouraged reading books and playing musical instruments. He had an older sister, Vera, and an older brother, <mask> (1915–2001), who wrote or co-wrote many popular songs for films and television, including "Buttons and Bows", "Mona Lisa", "Whatever Will Be, Will Be (Que Sera, Sera)", as well as the popular Christmas song "Silver Bells". <mask> began his career in the entertainment business leading his own college orchestra as a student at the University of Pennsylvania. After graduating from the Wharton School of Finance and Commerce with a B.S.in Economics, he moved to New York where he worked in advertising for three years. At the start of World War II, he enlisted in the army as a private and served as a second lieutenant in the infantry. After his discharge, he borrowed some money, hitched a ride on an Army plane and headed for Los Angeles, California where he obtained his first position with Capitol Records, Inc. in Hollywood as a writer/producer. Capitol Records
<mask>'s initial assignment was to create a children's record library for the four-year-old company, for which he created the "Bozo the Clown" character. He wrote and produced a popular series of storytelling record-album and illustrative read-along book sets beginning with the October 1946 release of "Bozo at the Circus." His record-reader concept, which enabled children to read and follow a story in pictures while listening to it,

masks:
Alan Wendell Livingston
Alan Wendell Levison
Livingston
Jay Livingston
Alan Livingston
Livingston


texts: was the first of its kind. The Bozo image was a composite design of <mask>'s, derived from a variety of clown pictures and given to an artist to turn into comic-book-like illustrations.<mask> then hired Pinto Colvig to portray Bozo on the recordings. Colvig, a former circus clown, was also the original voice of <mask>'s Pluto, Goofy, Grumpy, Sleepy and many other characters. Billy May produced the music. The series turned out to be a smash hit for Capitol, selling over eight million albums in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Successful record sales led to a variety of Bozo-related merchandise and the first television series, "Bozo's Circus," starring Pinto Colvig on KTTV-Channel 11 (CBS) in Los Angeles in 1949. The character also became a mascot for the record company and was later nicknamed "Bozo the Capitol Clown." <mask> wrote and produced many other children's recordings including products for <mask>; <mask>'s <mask>ker; Bugs Bunny and all of the Warner Bros. characters.In the case of the latter, he wrote the 1951 pop hit "I Tawt I Taw A Puddy Tat" for Mel Blanc's Tweety Pie. There were also several record-readers featuring the popular cowboy character, Hopalong Cassidy. One of these was "Hopalong Cassidy and The Singing Bandit" in 1950, which was the first children's record set to make the Top Ten charts. Within a few years, <mask> moved on to the adult music arena and became Vice President in charge of all creative operations of the company. He signed Frank Sinatra when Sinatra was at a low point in his career. <mask> wanted Sinatra to work with arranger Nelson Riddle, however Sinatra was reluctant to do so out of his loyalty to Axel Stordahl with whom he had worked for most of his career. The first Sinatra/Stordahl recordings for Capitol failed to produce the magic <mask> and producer Voyle Gilmore were looking for, and Sinatra agreed to try a session with Billy May on April 30, 1953, but instead <mask> booked Riddle, telling Sinatra that May had to unexpectedly leave

masks:
Livingston
Livingston
Walt Disney
Livingston
Walt Disney
Walter Lantz
Woody Woodpec
Livingston
Livingston
Livingston
Livingston


texts:
 town for a live performance.The impact was immediate, producing the classic "I've Got the World on a String". However, it was "Young at Heart" that became the defining moment in Sinatra's comeback, peaking at #2 during its 22-week run on the charts in the spring of 1954. <mask> was credited as the creative force responsible for Capitol Records' growth from net sales of $6 million per year to sales in excess of $100 million per year. He was also officially credited as the inspiration for the distinctive Capitol Records Tower, completed in April 1956, noted for being the first circular office building in the world. <mask> is also responsible for what have come to be known as the "Butcher Covers." When The Beatles released their 1966 album Yesterday and Today it was initially released with a surreal <mask>ker cover photograph depicting the group draped in slabs of meat and dismembered doll parts. Protests from record dealers forced Capitol to immediately recall the album and re-issue it with a new cover.The original covers, in any condition, have become highly sought after collectors items. Shortly after the controversy erupted, <mask> took home a box containing both mono and stereo copies of the original "Butcher cover" albums, sealed and in pristine condition. They remained in storage at the <mask> home, untouched, for the next twenty years until <mask>'s son Christopher revealed their existence when he brought several of the albums to sell at a Beatlefest convention in 1987. These Butcher covers are considered the best examples of these albums and currently command a premium price upwards of $20,000. California Productions and NBC
After 10 years with Capitol, <mask> and the company sold the "Bozo the Clown" licensing rights (excluding the recordings) to Larry Harmon, one of several people hired to portray the character at promotional appearances; <mask> left the company to accept a position as President of California National Productions, Inc., the wholly owned film

masks:
Livingston
Livingston
Robert Whita
Livingston
Livingston
Livingston
Livingston
Livingston


texts:
 production subsidiary of the National Broadcasting Company. Shortly thereafter, <mask> was also named Vice President of NBC, in charge of Television Network Programming, dealing principally with all films made for the network. In this capacity, he hired David Dortort to write and produce the pilot for the series Bonanza for which <mask>'s older brother, songwriter <mask>, wrote the memorable theme.During this time, <mask> also served on the Boards of Bob Hope Enterprises, Inc. and Joseph Mankiewicz's motion picture production company, Figaro, Inc.

Return to Capitol
In 1960, Capitol Records induced <mask> to return as president and, eventually, chairman of the board. He was also named to the Board of Electric and Musical Industries (EMI), a British corporation that was the largest stockholder in Capitol. Subsequently, he merged Capitol Records into Audio Devices, Inc., a magnetic tape manufacturer listed on the American Stock Exchange, and changed the name of the surviving company to Capitol Industries, Inc., of which <mask> was named president. It was during this period that he turned Capitol Records into a more rock-oriented company with such artists as The Beach Boys, Steve Miller, The Band, and others. His most noteworthy accomplishment at that time was agreeing to release the Beatles' "I Want to Hold Your Hand" for Capitol in 1963, after having rejected all their previous singles as unsuitable for the U.S. market despite Capitol being owned by The Beatles' U.K. record company, EMI. Later ventures
<mask> later sold his stock in Capitol Industries to form his own company, Mediarts, Inc., for the production of motion pictures, records and music publishing. He eventually sold his interest in that company to United Artists as a result, particularly, of its success in the record business including Don McLean, who reached the #1 position in the country with his "American Pie" single and album in 1972.Two feature motion pictures were completed during the company's operation:

masks:
Livingston
Livingston
Jay Livingston
Alan
Livingston
Livingston
Livingston


texts:
 Downhill Racer (1969) starring Robert Redford and Gene Hackman, and Unman, Wittering and Zigo (1971) starring David Hemmings; both released by Paramount Pictures. In August 1976, <mask> joined Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation as Senior Vice President and President, Entertainment Group. He left in 1980 to accept the presidency of Atalanta Investment Company, Inc., and resigned in 1987 to produce a one-hour television adaptation of Sparky's Magic Piano, and to form Pacific Rim Productions, Inc. for animation services. <mask> also wrote a novel titled Ronnie Finkelhof, Superstar about a shy Harvard pre-law student who becomes an overnight success as a rock musician. It was published by Ballantine Books in the spring of 1988. On August 1, 1998, <mask> received his first honor for his creation of "Bozo the Clown" as the International Clown Hall of Fame in Milwaukee, Wisconsin presented him their Lifetime of Laughter Achievement Award. His first two marriages, one to actress Betty Hutton, ended in divorce.<mask>'s third and final marriage was to actress Nancy Olson, whose film credits include Sunset Boulevard (1950) and The Absent-Minded Professor (1961). They resided in Beverly Hills, California. Their son, <mask>, is a movie producer, director, writer and songwriter. He also had a daughter, jewelry designer <mask> Gibson, from a previous marriage. Death
<mask> died after a series of mini-strokes at his home in Beverly Hills, California at the age of 91. He was survived by his wife, former actress Nancy Olson (formerly Mrs. <mask> Lerner), a son, <mask>; a daughter from a previous marriage, Laura Gibson; and two step daughters, Liza and Jennifer Lerner. References

External links

<mask> and The Capitol Record Readers
Pittsburgh Music History article on <mask>

1917 births
2009 deaths
20th-century American Jews
American music industry executives
Record producers from Pennsylvania
Presidents of Capitol Records
People from McDonald, Pennsylvania
Bozo the Clown
21st-century

masks:
Livingston
Livingston
Livingston
Livingston
Christopher Livingston
Laura Livingston
Livingston
Alan Jay
Christopher Livingston
Alan Livingston
Alan Livingston


texts:
<mask> (20 February 1846 – 6 October 1914) was an English antiquary, historian and schoolteacher, best known for his history of the Cheshire town of Nantwich, which remains among the principal sources for the town's history. He also edited accounts of the English Civil War and documents relating to Combermere Abbey. Another work on the history of Combermere Abbey, Newhall and Wrenbury was never published; its manuscript has been lost. <mask> is commemorated in Nantwich in several ways, including a street named for him. Life

Early life and education
<mask> was born in the Brayford Head district of Lincoln on 20 February 1846. His father, also <mask> (born 1816), captained a steam packet which plied the River Witham between Lincoln and Boston, and his paternal grandfather, <mask> (born 1765), had been a waterman in Lincoln. His mother, Elizabeth, was the daughter of George Markham, a farmer from the village of Treswell in Nottinghamshire.They had married in 1843; <mask> was the second of their ten children, five of whom died in infancy, and their only surviving son. He grew up in Grantham Street in the centre of the city of Lincoln, where the family moved after his father gave up working on the river to become a rate collector and manager of the Lincoln and Lincolnshire Building Society. The family were Wesleyan Methodists and worshipped at Clasketgate Chapel, where <mask>'s father taught at the Sunday school. From 1854, <mask> attended the Wesleyan Day School in Grantham Street (later in Rosemary Street),

masks:
James Hall
Hall
Hall
James Hall
William Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall


texts:
 rising to become a pupil–teacher. He received tuition on the piano from the well-known teacher C. A. Ehrenfechter, and was also taught the organ by the Clasketgate Chapel organist. Deciding to make his career in teaching, he joined the Wesleyan Training College at Westminster in 1864, graduating first in his year in English two years later. Educator

The Wesleyan Methodist Chapel of Nantwich in Cheshire was seeking a headmaster in 1866 for its elementary Day School to succeed the retiring Mr Mobbs; they required an incumbent who could also play the organ at the chapel.Twenty-years old <mask> was appointed, and took up the position on 7 January 1867. He was to spend the rest of his life in Cheshire. The school had been founded in 1840, and stood on Hospital Street, opposite the chapel. In 1873, during <mask>'s time there, subjects taught included religion and reading, and both boys and girls attended. The present building on the site dates from 1909; the old school burned down in January 1908. On 9 June 1870, <mask> married Elizabeth Goy, daughter of Matthew Goy, a builder who lived near the <mask> family in Grantham Street. Elizabeth later acted as <mask>'s secretary and proofreader for his history, and also administered his private school.The couple had four children: two daughters, the elder of whom, Margaret, assisted in school administration, and two sons, the artist Walter J<mask> (born 1875/6) and George (born 1883). In 1874, <mask> was appointed the first headmaster of the new Board School at Willaston,

masks:
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
. Hall
Hall


texts:
 near Nantwich, built under the Education Act of 1870. Although the school was not formally opened until 28 June 1875, he began to teach 40 boys in the Congregational Schoolroom on Church Lane from the beginning of that year. He moved his growing family to rented accommodation in Broad Street (now Wellington Road), near the station, until the schoolhouse at Willaston was completed in March 1876. The number of pupils grew rapidly, with 132 the month after the school opened and later reaching 230; up to five other teachers were employed. In addition to the required curriculum, he taught singing, drawing and Latin.Local historian

According to <mask>, his father's interest in local history was kindled in the early 1870s by Thomas Bolton (died 1877), a Nantwich boot-and-shoe manufacturer whose tales of Nantwich in the first half of the century piqued <mask>'s interest. His first publication was a Christmas tale, written for Bolton, which appeared under the pseudonym "Peter Plover". While living at Willaston, he also became a friend of the antiquary John Parsons Earwaker, FSA, the first volume of whose history of East Cheshire appeared in 1877. <mask> started work on his history of Nantwich in the mid-1870s; it took nearly a decade to complete. The research included many visits to churches to document their architecture and to transcribe church registers and memorial inscriptions; he also consulted many library collections, travelling as far afield as Oxford and London. The text was finished on 10 December 1883, the

masks:
Walter Hall
Hall
Hall


texts:
 300th anniversary of the Great Fire of 1583 that destroyed much of the town. The manuscript ran to 1154 foolscap sheets; indexing it took a further month.<mask> states that shortly after the book's publication, the Society of Antiquaries offered to confer its fellowship on <mask>, but his father declined the honour. Musical activities
<mask> was the organist of the Nantwich Wesleyan Methodist Chapel in 1867–75 and 1882–1907. He composed five hymns and three other works for the Nantwich choir. With Alfred Withinshaw, he founded the Choral Union of the Wesleyan Methodist choirs of Nantwich, Crewe and Market Drayton in 1884, and organised three music festivals in 1884–85. Difficulties in later life
In 1885, soon after the publication of <mask>'s History, Willaston Board School received an "unsatisfactory" rating in its government inspection. In his biography of his father, <mask> claims that there was "certainly no neglect of duty as regards [<mask>'s] teaching," and associates the poor report with insinuations circulating among some local residents that his father had been neglecting his headmaster's duties in favour of writing his History. Walter cites contemporary local newspaper articles in support of his father, concluding that his work had been "widely appreciated."After an appeal failed, <mask> resigned, leaving the post in June 1886. He moved back into Nantwich, initially renting 84 Welsh Row, and decided to open a private senior school for boys. He started to build Lindum House, a schoolroom and

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 substantial master's house on Wellington Road. On 29 September 1886, while the buildings were still under construction, he opened the school on Welsh Row with six pupils. The new schoolroom was completed by the end of the year; by January 1887, the school had 17 pupils. The family moved into the master's house in April. Financial problems occurred from the outset when <mask> fell into dispute with his architect, incurring legal expenses of more than £250 which meant that he remained in debt until 1901.Despite employing a drillmaster and offering French tuition, pupil numbers rose only slowly and then declined, with the school never having more than 35 pupils. By 1905, with only 12 pupils remaining, it was obvious that the venture had failed. <mask> tried to sell Lindum House in May of that year, but it took two years for an acceptable offer to be received. The school closed on 19 June 1907. Retirement, death and legacy
In September 1907, <mask> moved to Saughall Road in the north west of Chester. He remained active in retirement, joining the Chester Archaeological Society and the Society of Literature and Art, and undertaking cataloguing projects for the Corporation of Chester, Chester Archaeological Society and the Tollemache family, among others. His health declined in 1909–10; the condition recurred in February 1914, and the following September, his health deteriorated further.He died in Chester on 6 October 1914, and was buried at Chester New General Cemetery. A posthumous portrait of <mask>, painted by

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 his son Walter J<mask>, was presented to the town of Nantwich in 1943. It formerly hung in the Free Library and is now displayed in the main gallery of Nantwich Museum. The portrait depicts him sitting in front of two pictures of churches, Lincoln Cathedral and St Mary's Church, Nantwich. At this time, <mask> wrote four biographical articles, published in the Nantwich Guardian in 1944 and subsequently collected into a brief biography by J. Lodge, headmaster of Nantwich and Acton Grammar School. He is also commemorated by a tablet in the porch of St Mary's Church, erected in 1946, the centenary of his birth, by Percy Corry, also a local historian.It describes him as "The Historian of Nantwich." A street in Nantwich is named for him. Historical work

History of Nantwich
Hall is best known for his history of Nantwich. The first history of the town was published anonymously by the Reverend Joseph Partridge, master of the Nantwich Blue Cap Charity School, in 1774. A second history by John Weld Platt, published in 1818, is dismissed by <mask> as "little more than an enlarged and better arranged edition of the former work," which fails to acknowledge its source. He calls Platt's description of Nantwich Castle "purely fictitious." <mask>'s history, entitled A History of the Town and Parish of Nantwich, or Wich-Malbank, in the County Palatine of Chester but usually referred to as <mask>'s History of Nantwich, was completed in December 1883.The first edition of 350 copies was financed by subscription; it was privately

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Walter Hall
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 printed by local printer Thomas Johnson, bound by Macmillan and Co. in Manchester and distributed early in 1884. Nearly four times the length of Platt's work, it covers the period from the Domesday survey of 1086 to the date of publication, and additionally includes the nearby townships of Alvaston (now part of Worleston), Willaston and Woolstanwood. There are 29 line illustrations, some of which are not credited and might have been drawn by the author. The book received reviews in national and local periodicals, including one in The Athenaeum on 7 March 1885, which praised the meticulous referencing and described the history as "able, clear and succinct" and its author as "conscientious and careful." Despite the positive reception, it was not reprinted in <mask>'s lifetime. Several replica editions have since been published, the first in 1972, and various online editions are now available. Though in part outdated, <mask>'s History remains the authoritative history of the town and is frequently cited by modern works.Cheshire County Council and English Heritage stated in a 2003 report that <mask>'s history, with George Ormerod's history of Cheshire, are the "chief sources for the history of Nantwich." Civil War journals
The great majority of <mask>'s other works as an author and editor relate to the history of Cheshire. He edited two accounts of the English Civil War in the county as Memorials of the Civil War in Cheshire and the Adjacent Counties by Thomas Malbon and Providence Improved by Edward Burghall,


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 published in 1889. Thomas Malbon's Civil War journal was included in the Cowper manuscript collection of Condover Hall, to which <mask> gained access from its owner, Reginald Cholmondeley. "Providence Improved" by Edward Burghall, the Puritan rector of St Mary's Church, Acton, incorporates a version of part of Malbon's writing. <mask> gained access to the text from his friend, J. P. Earwaker. <mask>'s edition places the two diaries side by side, with his annotations, and also includes biographies of the two men.C. B. Phillips, writing in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, describes <mask>'s edition of "Providence Improved" as "well printed" but considers <mask>'s characterisation of Burghall's reworking of Malbon as plagiarism to "miss the point." Combermere Abbey
<mask> also edited "The Book of the Abbot of Combermere", published in 1896. The book is a collection of leases and rent rolls from 1289 to 1529 relating to Combermere Abbey, which owned a quarter of Nantwich, copied by the final abbot, John Massey, and others. <mask> was granted access to the documents by Robert Wellington Stapleton-Cotton, Viscount Combermere, the abbey's owner. Stapleton-Cotton later gave him access to other material relating to the abbey – which resulted in the manuscript, The History of Combermere, Newhall Township and the Village of Wrenbury – but died in 1898 before this history could be completed. It was never published, as <mask> had been relying on the viscount's sponsorship of the project. <mask> attempted to

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 bring the work out in 1939, but was prevented by paper shortages during the Second World War.At this date, the Reverend A. L. Moir, vicar of St Mary's and St Michael's, Burleydam, also attempted to obtain the manuscript for publication without success. The manuscript, which ran to 780 foolscap sheets and covered many of the small settlements near the abbey, has since been lost. Other
<mask> published articles in many historical and literary journals, including The Athenaeum, Notes and Queries, Palatine Note Book, Local Gleanings of Lancashire and Cheshire and the Journal of the Chester Archaeological Society, and also a chapter in the book Memorials of Old Cheshire (1910). The last gave rise to controversy as <mask> inaccurately stated that Tabley Old Hall was "ruinous" when at that date it remained in reasonable repair; its owner, Lady Leighton-Warren, complained and it emerged that <mask>, whose health was failing, had based his opinion on postcard images without visiting. <mask> gave lectures to many local societies on topics ranging across music and literature as well as local history. Thirty volumes of his unpublished notebooks are archived in The National Archives. These and other unpublished notes include research on medieval architecture, misericords in local churches, Acton and Dorfold Hall, and the history of the Delves family of Doddington Castle.He served as the honorary local secretary for Nantwich of The Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire from around 1889 until his death, and was elected


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 to the council of the Chester Archaeological Society in 1908. Selected publications
A History of the Town and Parish of Nantwich, or Wich-Malbank, in the County Palatine of Chester (1883)
Memorials of the Civil War in Cheshire and the Adjacent Counties by Thomas Malbon and Providence Improved by Edward Burghall (Lancashire and Cheshire Record Society; 1889) [as editor]
"The Book of the Abbot of Combermere 1289–1529" (The Record Society; 1896) [as editor]
"Cheshire and its Families" in Memorials of Old Cheshire, Barber E, Ditchfield PH, eds, pp. 194–206 (George Allen & Sons; 1910)

Notes and references

Sources
Beck J. Tudor Cheshire. A History of Cheshire, Vol. 7 (Series Editor: JJ Bagley) (Cheshire Community Council; 1969) ()
Hall J. A History of the Town and Parish of Nantwich, or Wich-Malbank, in the County Palatine of Chester (E.J. Morten; 1972) ()
Hall WJ.<mask>: 1846–1914: A Short Biography (1946; reprinted from the Nantwich Guardian; 29 January – 18 February 1944) (OCLC 499765659)
Hodson JH. Cheshire, 1660–1780: Restoration to Industrial Revolution. A History of Cheshire Vol. 9 (Series Editor: JJ Bagley) (Cheshire Community Council; 1978) ()
Latham FA, ed. Acton (The Local History Group; 1995) ()
Local History Group, Latham FA, ed. Wrenbury and Marbury (The Local History Group; 1999) ()
Morant RW. Monastic and Collegiate Cheshire (Merlin Books; 1996) ()

1846 births
1914 deaths
English historians
English antiquarians
Schoolteachers from Cheshire
People from Lincoln, England
People from Nantwich
English


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<mask> (January 5, 1892 – September 12, 1982) was a leading figure in the Socialist Party of America from the late 1910s and through the middle 1930s, a founding member of the Social Democratic Federation, and a prominent New York labor lawyer. He was expelled from the New York State Assembly in 1920 during the First Red Scare. Early life

<mask> was born on January 5, 1892, in Yancherudnia, Ukraine, not far from Kiev, the son of a Jewish innkeeper who was one of the few literate men of the village. Waldman emigrated to America in the summer 1909 at the age of 17, arriving in New York City to join his sisters on September 17. Waldman first worked in a metal shop before becoming an apprentice garment lining cutter in one of the sweatshops of the city. He joined a union and participated in the 11-week New York cloakmakers' strike of 1910, while attending high school in the evenings. Upon conclusion of the strike and resumption of his job, Waldman was fired and blacklisted for carrying out his function as a union representative in supervising the enforcement of the union contract in his shop.Barred from the garment industry, Waldman thereafter worked unsuccessfully as a door-to-door peddler of ribbon before taking a job in a cardboard box factory. Waldman graduated from high school in the spring of 1911 and, owing to a lack of funds for college, enrolled in the Cooper Union to study engineering that fall. Waldman witnessed the Triangle Waist Company fire of 1911. Packed into a tight space and locked away from means of escape, 146 workers from the building's 9th floor died that day in one of the greatest tragedies in New York City's history. At a memorial meeting held at Cooper Union in the aftermath of the fire, Waldman saw and heard Socialist leader Morris Hillquit speak for the first time, an event which inspired Waldman to engage in "a veritable orgy of reading"  on socialism and thereby won the young man over to the socialist cause. Waldman

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 graduated from Cooper Union in June 1916 with a degree in engineering, and worked as a construction engineer during the day while following his ambition to become a lawyer by attending law school in the evenings. Career

Labor lawyer

He was admitted to the New York State Bar in 1923 and worked thereafter as counsel for the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America, for the New York Central Trades and Labor Council, and for various other unions in the building and garment trades.Politician

Socialist in New York Assembly

In 1916 the young engineer <mask> was approached at a meeting of his Socialist Party branch and was drafted into becoming a candidate of the party for the New York State Assembly. Although he protested that between his engineering job and his evening studies of law he had no time for campaigning, the party official approaching him smiled and replied, "Campaigning? Who said anything about campaigning? We just want someone to run for office. If you get more than seven hundred votes we'll be lucky. The real campaigns this year will be for Meyer London and Morris Hillquit." And thus was born a Socialist Party politician.Waldman did actually campaign, however, mounting the platform to give public speeches, at which he gradually improved. Waldman performed well in the 1916 election, tripling the Socialist tally while losing to his Democratic opponent by a few hundred votes. In the fall of 1917, with America embroiled in the European conflict and a section of the American electorate radicalized by the turn towards war by the Democratic administration of Woodrow Wilson, Waldman ran for the Assembly again as a Socialist, this time winning election. Waldman was a member of the State Assembly (New York Co., 8th D.), sitting in the 141st New York State Legislature, one of 10 Socialists elected to the Assembly of 1918, the best electoral performance that the organization would ever achieve. In November 1918, Waldman met with defeat, but he


texts: ran again for state assembly in 1919 against a fusion candidate of the Democratic and Republican parties and emerged victorious, along with four other Socialist Party comrades, August Claessens, Samuel Orr, Charles Solomon, and Samuel A. DeWitt. The five Socialist Assemblymen were suspended on the first day of the new legislative session by the Republican-dominated body and their expulsion trial before the Judiciary Committee of the Assembly and subsequent court fight became a cause celebre of the Red Scare. They were expelled on April 1.All five were re-elected at a special election on September 16, and appeared to take their seats at the beginning of the special session on September 20. The next day, DeWitt and Orr were permitted to take their seats, but Claessens, Solomon and Waldman were expelled again. Protesting against the re-expulsion of their comrades, DeWitt and Orr resigned their seats. In 1924, he ran on the Socialist ticket for New York Attorney General. Waldman was elected chairman of the Socialist Party of New York state in 1928, a position which he retained through the first half of the 1930s. He also stood as the SP candidate for Governor of New York in 1928, 1930 and 1932, polling over 100,000 votes in each of these races. Along with Morris Hillquit, James Oneal, and Algernon Lee, Waldman was recognized as a leader of the SP's "Old Guard" faction, which favored close working relations with the trade unions of the American Federation of Labor and pursuance of gradual ameliorative reforms leading eventually to socialism rather than cataclysmic revolutionary transformation.This perspective brought Waldman and the Old Guard into opposition of the largely youth based "Militant" faction in the party, who favored reconciliation with the Communist Party USA, in keeping with the united front policy of the Comintern and preparation for a socialist struggle for power in the event of capitalism's collapse. Factional leader in


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 1930s

During the first half of the 1930s, Waldman was one of the leading figures of the so-called "Old Guard" of the Socialist Party — an organized faction based in New York City which sought to continue the party's traditional orientation towards electoral politics and close cooperation with the trade union movement. The Old Guard organized itself in opposition to a so-called "Militant faction" which emerged in 1930 and 1931, consisting of younger and more radical members who sought a turn towards direct action and a program endorsing revolutionary socialism. Although both of these main factions considered themselves orthodox Marxists, the social democratic Old Guard considered their Militant opponents to be adventurists with a deluded sense of enthusiasm for the Soviet Union and the world communist movement, while the Militants considered the Old Guard to be dyed-in-the-wood reformists unwilling to challenge anti-democratic behavior in the union movement. Personal and personnel issues entered into play. The Militants sought to replace Socialist Party National Chairman Morris Hillquit, the best known and most widely respected of the Old Guard leaders, as an impediment to the future growth of the party. The Old Guard, similarly, sought the removal of the party's National Executive Secretary, Clarence Senior, a protégé of the charismatic spokesman for the radical wing of the party, former Presidential candidate Norman Thomas, an outspoken pacifist who had made common cause with the organized Militant group in an effort to build the SPA into a mass movement.The critical moment in the struggle between the two main factions came in June 1934 at the Socialist Party's National Convention in Detroit, Michigan. There the assembled delegates took up debate of an aggressively anti-militarist Declaration of Principles for the party, written by Thomas ally Devere Allen. <mask>man was one of the key spokesmen for the Old Guard in the debate over this


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 document at the Detroit Convention. Waldman took issue with the clause of the proposed Declaration of Principles which called for "massed war resistance" by the party in the face of a new war":

Following the conclusion of debate, the Declaration of Principles was approved by majority vote of the assembled delegates and the matter referred to the membership of the party for ratification by referendum vote. The Old Guard minority issued a formal statement on the matter, calling the Declaration of Principles "inadequate and confused" and a step towards turning the SPA into an "underground organization." The Old Guard statement continued:

Existing democracy, incomplete though it be, is immensely valuable to the workers, through whose struggles it has been won. Let communists and fascists call it 'bogus.'Our duty is to defend and perfect it. The pledge to support any 'comrade' coming into conflict with the law by any anti-war activity invites fanatics and provocators (sic.) to join the party and involve it in responsibility for acts inconsistent with socialist principles. It is also an incitement to unlawful acts. Such incitement is itself a crime, for which courts could hold every party member liable. The membership of the party was encouraged to defeat proposed new Declaration of Principles in favor of retention of the existing 1924 Declaration. The 1934 Declaration of Principles was ratified by the party membership nonetheless.The factional war within the Socialist Party continued unabated for more than a year more, with the Old Guard faction ultimately exiting the party en masse to form the Social Democratic Federation (SDF) at the time of the party's May 1936 convention in Cleveland. Social Democratic Federation

Waldman continued to play a leading role in the new SDF organization. An organizational meeting was held of the new group in early July, at which Waldman sought to endorse Franklin Delano Roosevelt for President of the United States


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 in lieu of the Socialist nominee, Norman Thomas. The gathering found itself split on the issue, however, and no endorsement was forthcoming. Waldman's foes, such as New York Socialist Party Executive Secretary Jack Altman and Socialist candidate for Governor Harry W. Laidler were quick to attack Waldman, charging him with a "betrayal of Socialist principles" in attempting to "divert 100,000 Socialist votes to the Roosevelt column." Many SDF members became involved in the American Labor Party when it was formed in 1936, supporting the faction led by David Dubinsky. Waldman however resigned from the ALP in 1940, feeling it had been taken over by a pro-Communist faction led by Sidney Hillman.It was not for another four years until Dubinsky and his supporters reached the same conclusion and bolted to form the Liberal Party. After resigning from the ALP, Waldman had virtually no political involvements and devoted himself to his law practice, becoming one of the most distinguished labor lawyers in the nation. During this period, he represented Walter Krivitsky among others. He was also active in the New York State Bar Association and served over the years on numerous state commissions. Representing unions as varied as the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America and the International Longshoremen's Association, Waldman continued his practice until retiring due to a stroke in his late 80s. Perspective of  Civil Rights Movement

Like many liberals of his time, Waldman expressed sympathy for the endeavors of civil rights activists but did not agree with their tactic of breaking the law. In an article published by the New York State Bar Journal in 1965, he expressed his worries.He begins by assuring his readers that he "espoused and still [espouses] the cause of civil rights for all people" and then argues:
 Those who assert rights under the Constitution and the laws made thereunder must abide by that Constitution and the law, if that Constitution is to


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 survive. They cannot pick and choose; they cannot say they will abide by those laws which they think are just and refuse to abide by those laws which they think are unjust.... The country, therefore, cannot accept Dr. King's doctrine that he and his followers will pick and choose, knowing that it is illegal to do so. I say, such a doctrine is not only illegal and for that reason alone should be abandoned, but that it is also immoral, destructive of the principles of democratic government, and a danger to the very civil rights Dr. King seeks to promote." Retrieved 19MARCH2011. In such a way, Waldman asserted: defying the law is on its face generally a bad thing because defiance would weaken respect for the law in most cases, especially if the legal system is basically decent; therefore, in order to meet this objection, those who advocated civil disobedience must have legitimate justifications to defy the law. Answering Waldman's objections, King often used such a particular argument: the evils being opposed were so serious, so numerous, and so difficult to fight that civil disobedience was a justifiable last resort.Although the means were regrettable, the end justified the means. Personal life and death

<mask> married Bella B<mask>, with whom he had two sons. He retired age 86 after a severe stroke. He died on September 12, 1982 at the Jewish Home and Hospital for the Aged in Manhattan, New York City. His papers reside at the New York Public Library. Legacy

Law firm

The law firm he helped found, later Vladeck, Waldman, Elias, and Engelhardt, currently Vladeck, Raskin & Clark, continues to exist in New York. Works

In 1944, <mask> published his first autobiography, Labor Lawyer, in which he laid out his defense of the positions he had taken in his political career.Among other things, Waldman became very critical of the New Deal, considering it to be overly accommodating to the Communists and exhibiting certain authoritarian tendencies,

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 somewhat echoing the critique of the old right. He was particularly alarmed by the integration of trade unions into the state apparatus that began to occur during World War II. Labor Lawyer also represents an important primary source for the history of the Socialist Party in the years following the death of Eugene Victor Debs. It is worthy of note that many of the figures he denounces as dangerous pro-Communists in his book, such as Reinhold Niebuhr and Andrew Biemiller, would later become pillars of anti-Communist liberals of the postwar years. While Waldman himself was mostly apolitical after the war, this perspective clearly informed younger Old Guard supporters such as Morrie Ryskind and Ralph de Toledano who moved to the right from the anti-Communist left. TIME (possibly Whittaker Chambers) reviewed the book, saying: Waldman's experiences in the years that followed were part of the tumultuous coming of age of U.S. social consciousness... Labor Lawyer, Waldman's autobiography, is an esoteric jumble... Above all, it is an old Socialist's insistent, desperate warning against Communism as the No.1 despoiler of the democratic ideal... Waldman believes that the strength of Communism in the U.S. is now reaching a new peak in the C.I.O. 's Political Action Committee (TIME, July 24, 1944), "the catch-all for the political activities of unions dominated by Communists, militant Socialists and others willing to cooperate with them." He concludes flatly: "Unless the New Deal casts out the seeds of left-wing totalitarianism, which it fosters today, it may either lead to an American variety of Communism, or, what is more likely, provoke an American expression of unadorned fascism." Waldman published a second memoir, The Good Fight, in 1975. Footnotes

Works

Books and pamphlets
 Food and the People: The Problem of the High Cost of Living in the New York Legislature. New York: Rand School of Social Science, 1918. The Great Collapse: Higher Fares or Public


texts:
 Ownership.New York: Boni and Liveright, 1919. <mask>, Albany: The Crisis in Government: The History of the Suspension, Trial and Expulsion from the New York State Legislature in 1920 of the Five Socialist Assemblymen by Their Political Opponents. Introduction by Seymour Stedman. New York: Boni and Liveright, 1920. Should unions be incorporated? Responsibility of Unions Under the Law. Washington, DC: Social Democratic Federation USA, n.d. [c. 1937].The Good Fight: A Quest for Social Progress. Philadelphia: Dorrance, 1975. Articles
 "The 1932 Socialist Campaign and the American Political Scene," American Socialist Quarterly, vol. 1, no. 4 (Autumn 1932), pp. 10–21. See also
 List of New York Legislature members expelled or censured
 Walter Krivitsky

Further reading

 New York State Legislature, Standing Committee on the Judiciary, <mask>. Martin, <mask>, Samuel Aaron De Witt, August Claessens, Samuel Orr, Charles Solomon, Proceedings of the Judiciary Committee of the Assembly: In The Matter Of The Investigation By The Assembly Of The State Of New York As To The Qualifications Of <mask>, August Claessens, Samuel A DeWitt, Samuel Orr, And Charles Solomon To Retain Their Seats In Said Body.In Three Volumes. New York: J.B. Lyon Co., 1920. Available online: Volume I, Volume II, Volume III. External links

 Finding Aid for the Louis Waldman Papers, New York Public Library, New York City. Retrieved April 20, 2010

1892 births
1982 deaths
Lawyers from New York City
American labor lawyers
Leaders of American trade unions
American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
American Marxists
Expelled members of the New York State Assembly
New York (state) lawyers
Socialist Party of America politicians from New York (state)
Ukrainian Jews
Jewish socialists
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States
Cooper Union alumni
Members of the Social Democratic Federation (United States)
Activists from New York City
Jewish American state legislators in New York

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Catharina Jantina (<mask><mask> (born 1956) is a Dutch anesthesiologist, drug rehab physician, intensivist, since 2009 board member of the Vereniging tegen de Kwakzalverij (VtdK), between 2011–2015 as chair, and board member of the European Council of Skeptical Organisations (ECSO). Biography

Education and career
In 1975, <mask> began studying law, but did not complete it. From 1977 until 1987, she studied medicine in Groningen, subsequently taking a course on anesthesiology in Sheffield in 1988. Thereafter she specialised in anesthesiology at the University Medical Center Groningen from 1989 until 1994, finally completing her education as an intensivist at the Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis in Amsterdam from 1994 until 1996. From 1996 until 1997, <mask> worked as an anesthesiologist and intensivist at the Sint Lucas Andreas Ziekenhuis, from 1997 until 1999 as anesthesiologist at the Academic Medical Center. From 2000 onwards, <mask> worked as a freelance anesthesiologist in several hospitals and clinics, and as an anesthesiologist and physician at the drug rehabilitation clinic Miroya from 2002 until 2012. Since 2007 until present, <mask> is employed as an anesthesiologist in a dental surgery for children in Amsterdam.Opposition to alternative medicine
During her study of anesthesiology, two incidents made her aware of the dangers of alternative medicine: the first case was a 48-year-old woman with breast cancer, who had put her faith in a treatment by a naturopath, but whose condition had become hopeless by the time she was hospitalised. The second case was that of a 13-year-old boy, who initially merely suffered from sinusitis, but which had grown to encephalitis, because his anthroposophical parents refused to have antibiotics

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Catherine
) de Jong
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 administered to him. "When people cause unnecessary harm to themselves or their children because of their decisions, then it gives me a knot in my stomach. I find it incredibly hard to deal with", said <mask>, who emphasised making "wise, rational choices" regarding health. She opines that alternative therapists merely give their clients a "medically empty treatment ritual", make them dependent, waste their time and money and miss the opportunity to properly inform them. Skeptical activism

In 2004, <mask> became a member of the VtdK, and in 2009 a board member. Following the example of the Merseyside Skeptics Society in 2010 (that in turn was inspired by SKEPP's action in 2004), <mask> and Maarten Koller together with 30 members of the VtdK and Stichting Skepsis organised the Dutch version of the international 10:23 Campaign.On 5 February 2011, they staged a homeopathic overdose at Multatuli's statue in Amsterdam, to publicly demonstrate the inefficacy of homeopathic products. Health editor Gerrie Riemersma of the Leeuwarder Courant criticised the 10:23 overdose action, because "a very small amount of a functional solution will [only] work when it is repeated". In a response the article, <mask> claimed that there is no functional solution at all in those dilutions, and it would be honest consumer information if manufacturers would put content indications on all homeopathic products, in the same manner that is compulsory for actual medicines. On 10 October 2011, she succeeded Cees Renckens as the chair of the VtdK. In that position, she spoke out against the use of alternative medicine such as acupuncture and homeopathy, because these have never been sufficiently proven to be medically efficacious; at most, there is a placebo effect.

masks:
De Jong
De Jong
De Jong
De Jong


texts: An article in NRC Handelsblad that recommended detoxification, was branded an "uncritical advertorial" by <mask>, "unworthy" of the newspaper. In a November 2011 letter, <mask> accused rector Martin Kropff of Wageningen University of 'providing a platform for pseudoscience' by approving a lecture series, which allowed several alternative therapists to speak on biophysical medicine.The Board of Directors of Wageningen University replied that attendees (students and employees) would be able to discern sense and nonsense for themselves. The Board acknowledged that biophysical medicine is a field that lies far outside of mainstream scientific views, but wanted to allow the discussion of ideas, 'idiotic' or not, that exist in society without legitimising them. In November 2014, a naturopath who treated clients with ibogaine, which resulted in one client's death and another client's blindness, was sentenced to 141 days imprisonment. Following this case, <mask> pleaded on behalf of the VtdK and in consultation with the Trimbos-instituut and Informatie Voorziening Verslavingszorg for more rigorous oversight on private drug rehab clinics and naturopaths that treat drug addicts. While drug rehabilitation is developing into a speciality that was recognised by the Royal Dutch Medical Association (KNMG) in December 2012, <mask> warned that there is no alternative treatment that has been shown to effectively help addicts, while in some cases patients are deliberately taken advantage of. On 24 August 2013, during the 15th European Skeptics Congress in Stockholm, <mask> lectured about pseudoscientific drug rehab treatments. She stated that it is untrue that the "medical establishment" refuses to research alternatives such as ibogaine: experiments in

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 the 1950s and 1960s have already shown that they did not work.The next day, the Congress voted her in as a board member of the ECSO. When in September 2014 homeopaths from Groningen recommended swallowing "granules" to victims of the Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa, and listening to music twice a day to prevent contamination, <mask> called that "criminal" and said: "Homeopaths should keep themselves and their delusions far away from these patients". On 3 October, the Meester Kackadorisprijs, the VtdK's annual ironic award, was given to chair Pauline Meurs of ZonMw for her report that recommended to conduct more research into alternative medicine, which <mask> called a waste of valuable time, money and manpower, seeing that the past 40 years of testing have never resulted in anything beyond the placebo effect. Asked what advice she would give to people who are new to scientific skepticism, she responded that they should continue "asking questions", seek out skeptic groups and people to guide you. She states that these people will best guide them to the literature that will help them grow and learn. She added "skeptic are nice people and a lot of fun". In October 2015, <mask> was succeeded as chair by Nico Terpstra; she stayed board member for the VtdK.Personal life
<mask> <mask> is married to industrial designer and art historian Frans Klein, and has two children. Publications

References

External links

1956 births
Living people
Dutch activists
Dutch women activists
Dutch anesthesiologists
Dutch intensivists
Dutch skeptics
People from Leiden
Articles containing video clips
Dutch women physicians
21st-century Dutch physicians
20th-century Dutch physicians
20th-century women physicians
21st-century women physicians
20th-century

masks:
De Jong
De Jong
De Jong
Catherine de
Jong


texts:
<mask><mask> (April 10, 1904 – August 20, 1983) was an American architect based in Midland, Michigan, and known for his contributions to the style of Michigan Modern. During a career that spanned from the 1930s to the 1960s, he designed more than 70 residences and dozens of churches, schools, civic and art centers, and commercial buildings. His personal residence, the Midland Center for the Arts, and the 1950s Grace A. <mask> Memorial Library (named in honor of his mother) are among numerous examples of his work located in his hometown of Midland, Michigan. The son of <mask> (founder of the Dow Chemical Company) and philanthropist Grace A<mask>, <mask> is known for his prolific architectural designs. Biography

Education
<mask><mask> attended the Midland Public Schools through high school. He attended the University of Michigan to study engineering in preparation to join his father's chemical manufacturing company. After three years, <mask> transferred as a student of architecture at Columbia University, where he graduated in 1931.That year he married Vada <mask>, also of Midland. Her father <mask> worked at the Dow Chemical Company, a major employer in the city. The couple had three children together: Michael Lloyd <mask>, Mary Lloyd <mask>, and <mask> <mask>. After <mask> <mask> worked for a year and a half with the architectural firm of Frantz and Spence in nearby Saginaw, he and Vada studied with architect Frank Lloyd Wright at his Taliesin studio in Spring Green, Wisconsin, for the summer in 1933. Early career

Following his brief ("a few months" ) apprenticeship with Frank Lloyd Wright, <mask> opened his own studio in 1934 in Midland. <mask> described his own philosophy of design as "Architecture is more than the front face of the building. It is the location of the building.It is the plan of the building. It is the construction of the building. It is the heating and cooling of the building. It is the furnishing of the building. It is the landscaping of the building. It is, in its entirety, the manifestation of wholesome living." Frank Lloyd

masks:
Alden B
. Dow
Dow
Herbert Henry Dow
. Dow
Dow
Alden B
. Dow
Dow
Bennett
Earl Bennett
Dow
Dow
Barbara Alden
Dow
Alden
Dow
Dow
Dow


texts:
 Wright's philosophy.He received the Diplome de Grand Prix at that 1937 Paris International Exposition for best residential design in the world, based on the design of his residence and also for his work on the John Whitman residence. In 1941, <mask> officially incorporated his business as Alden B. Dow, Inc. The following year, <mask> was tasked with designing a company town in Texas for workers at his father's Dow Chemical Company's site near Freeport, Texas. With his brother Willard and Dow Chemical Company executive A.P<mask>, <mask> chose a site west of Freeport that was formerly the site of the Abner Jackson Plantation. <mask> designed the town, which they named Lake Jackson, to hold 5,000 people. The residential layout was notable for its lack of straight streets; <mask> felt that winding roads would provide "something of a surprise around each turn."The streets were given whimsical names, including the intersecting "This Way" and "That Way" as well as "Circle Way,"  "Winding Way," and "Any Way." <mask> also provided the six designs used to build different models of houses within the newly created town. The first residents moved in at the end of 1943. Growth
In 1963 he changed the business name to Alden B. Dow Associates, Inc., to reflect taking on more employees to accommodate growth. <mask> designed the Fleming Administration Building at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, completed in 1968. The building houses the offices of the university's president. Its narrow windows (all located above the first floor) and fortress-like exterior led to a campus rumor that it was designed in the wake of the student activism of the 1960s to be riot-proof.<mask> was purportedly offended by those rumors, insisting that the small windows were designed to be energy efficient. As time passed, <mask> began to delve into other types of architecture, designing many commercial and community buildings, especially in and around his hometown of Midland. <mask> relinquished the chairmanship of his company in 1974 to Jim Howell. In 1983 <mask> was named the

masks:
Dow
Dow
. Beutel
Dow
Dow
Dow
Dow
Dow
Dow
Dow
Dow
Dow


texts:
 architect laureate of Michigan, an achievement in his 50-year career. He died shortly after, on August 20, 1983. That title has not been bestowed on anyone since Dow. The company name was changed to Dow, Howell & Gilmore Associates Inc. after his death.It is owned by its employees. Six years later, in 1989, <mask>'s residence was designated as a National Historic Landmark, both for its own architectural significance and the contributions of his career to national American architecture. Selected works

Midland
Midland Country Club (1930), Midland, Michigan (demolished 2010)
Residential Architecture of Alden B. Dow in Midland, Michigan Multiple Property Submission, a National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Submission consisting of the following 13 houses built in Midland, Michigan, from 1933 to 1938:
Earl Stein House (1933), 209 Revere, Midland, Michigan
F.W. 1 (1955), Midland, Michigan
Midland County Courthouse Jail and Office addition (1955), 301 West Main Street, Midland, Michigan
St. John's Lutheran Church (1955), 505 East Carpenter Street, Midland, Michigan
King's Daughters Home (1956), Midland, Michigan
Midland Center for the Arts (1968), Midland, Michigan
Dow Gardens Master Plan (1974), Midland, Michigan
Lower Pond Bridge and Upper Pond Bridge (1975), Midland, Michigan
Farmers Market (1973), Midland, Michigan
Visitor Center (1976), Midland, Michigan
Sun Bridge (1979), Midland, Michigan
Chemical Bank and Trust Company, Midland, Michigan
Dow Center Complex, Midland, Michigan
First United Methodist Church, Midland, Michigan

Other Tri-Cities (along with Midland)
 Bay City, Bay County War Memorial
 Bay City, Thomas and Marjorie Defoe House (1949)
 Bay City, Messiah Evangelical Lutheran Church (1956)
 Bay City, People's National Bank and Trust Company (1962)
 Saginaw, <mask> House (1936)

Ann Arbor

 Harry and Margaret Towsley House (1932), Ann Arbor, Michigan, built for <mask>'s sister and her husband. It was the "first residence in the country designed with an attached garage facing the street." University of Michigan Women's

masks:
Dow
Mary Dow
Dow


texts:
 Swimming Pool, Margaret Bell Building (1950), Ann Arbor, Michigan
 Ann Arbor Public Library (1955 or 1956), Ann Arbor, Michigan
 University of Michigan Botanical Gardens (1958), Ann Arbor, Michigan
Ann Arbor Community Center (1958), Ann Arbor, Michigan
Dunbar Community Center (1958), Ann Arbor, Michigan
Leonard Service Station (1960), Ann Arbor, Michigan
Institute for Social Research (1960), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
 Ann Arbor City Hall (1960), also known as Guy C. Larcom, Jr. Municipal Building, 301 East Huron Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan
 Conductron Corporation Offices (1961), Ann Arbor, Michigan
University Microfilms Building (1963), Ann Arbor, Michigan
Fleming Administration Building (1964), Ann Arbor, Michigan
University of Michigan Continuing Education Center (1965), Ann Arbor, Michigan
Greenhills School (1967), 850 Greenhills Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan

Bloomfield Hills
 Gordon Saunders House (1936)
 Hellenic Orthodox Community Church of St. George (1962), also known as Saint George Greek Orthodox Church, 45816 Woodward Avenue
 Lynn A. In 1957 became a Fellow in the American Institute of Architects (AIA).Awarded The Michigan Society of Architects Gold Medal for 1960. The Northwood University Alden B. Dow Creativity Center was founded in 1978 to honor and perpetuate his commitment to quality and innovation. First recipient of the Frank Lloyd Wright Creativity Award in 1982. In 1983 named Architect Laureate of his home state of Michigan. The Alden B. <mask> Museum of Science & Art in Midland, Michigan is named in his honor. Further reading
Maddex, Diane. <mask> B. <mask>: Midwestern Modern (Midland, Michigan: Alden B. Dow Home and Studio, 2007).;

References

External links

 Alden B. Dow Home & Studio
 Dow Howell Gilmore Associates Inc
 Guide to the Alden B. Dow Architecture Study Collection 1932-1951

1904 births
1983 deaths
People from Midland, Michigan
University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni
Columbia Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation alumni
Architects from Michigan
20th-century American

masks: Dow Alden Dow


texts:
<mask> (born 1973) is a British writer, author of the Baby Ganesh Detective Agency novels – a series of crime novels set in India – featuring retired Mumbai police Inspector Ashwin Chopra and his sidekick, a baby elephant named Ganesha. <mask> had won the Shamus Award and the Eastern Eye's Arts Culture & Theatre Awards for Literature. Biography

<mask> was born in the London Borough of Newham, studied at the Coopers' Company and Coborn School in Upminster, Havering, did A-Levels at Newham College, before studying Accounting and Finance at the London School of Economics and Political Science. He subsequently spent a decade on the subcontinent working as a management consultant to an Indian hotel group building environmentally-friendly hotels around the country, called ECOTELS. The flagship hotel is called The Orchid, An Ecotel and is located in Mumbai. He returned to the UK in 2006 and has since worked at University College London for the Department of Security and Crime Science. The department attempts to apply science and engineering to preventing, reducing and better detecting crime.It is one of the highest ranked departments in the country in its field. The decade that <mask> spent in India inspired him to write The Unexpected Inheritance of Inspector Chopra, which was taken up by literary agents A.M. Heath in 2014. <mask> was subsequently offered a four-book contract by Mullholland Books, an imprint of publishers Hodder & Stoughton for the first books in this series, referred to as the Baby Ganesh Detective Agency series. In January 2016, The Unexpected Inheritance of Inspector Chopra was selected for the Waterstones Book Club, and later named a

masks:
Vaseem Khan
Vaseem
Khan
Khan
Khan


texts:
 Waterstones Paperback of the Year. It was also named as a Daily Telegraph Pick of the Week (in conjunction with WHSmith), an Amazon Best Debut, and was a top 10 best-seller in The Times Saturday review. In 2021 <mask> <mask> was awarded the Sapere Books Historical Dagger Award by the Crime Writer's Association. <mask> wrote for over twenty years before he was published, completing half-a-dozen unpublished novels and collecting numerous rejection slips.He uses his own example to offer advice to young writers who he recommends "write, write and then, when you're sick of it, write some more." Works
The Unexpected Inheritance of Inspector Chopra is the first novel in the Baby Ganesh Detective Agency series, in which newly retired Inspector Chopra investigates the suspicious drowning of a poor local boy, a case no one seems to want solved. At the same time he comes to grips with the surreal situation of being sent a baby elephant by his long-lost uncle. Published in August 2015, it went on to become a Times best-seller. <mask> has stated that his objective with this series was to take readers to the heart of modern India to give them an idea of what India "looks like, feels like, sounds like, smells like, even tastes like". The second novel in the series is entitled The Perplexing Theft of the Jewel in the Crown. The plot of the novel revolves around the theft of the world's most famous diamond – the Koh-i-Noor, originally mined in India before being appropriated by the British and handed to Queen Victoria during the Raj.In the novel the Crown Jewels are brought to India for a special exhibition. A daring robbery sees the Koh-i-Noor stolen and Chopra and

masks: Vaseem Khan Khan Vaseem


texts: Ganesha called in to try and recover the great diamond. In the third contracted novel in the series The Strange Disappearance of a Bollywood Star Chopra and Ganesha are on the trail of a kidnapped Indian film actor, and in the fourth Murder at the Grand Raj Palace they tackle the murder of an American billionaire at India's most iconic hotel. The fifth in the series, Bad Day at the Vulture Club, sees Chopra investigating the death of a wealthy man from the Parsee community. The Parsees do not bury or cremate their dead. They leave them out in stone structures called Towers of Silence for vultures to consume in a process called excarnation. On his decision to include an elephant as Chopra's sidekick <mask> has said: "I thought it would be different and fun to cast an elephant in a crime-fighting role.On a purely practical level elephants possess all the qualities of the best detectives. They're highly intelligent, and have those amazing memories – that's not a myth. They also have a wide range of emotions, which is important to me as a writer because my novel isn't just about the crimes but about the dynamic between Inspector Chopra, this rigid, middle-aged policeman, this baby elephant who he is forced to adopt, and his irrepressible wife, Poppy." In 2020, Midnight at Malabar House was published, introducing India’s first female police detective, Persis Wadia. The story is set in Bombay, 1950. As India stands on the eve of becoming a republic, Persis is tasked to investigate the murder of senior British diplomat Sir James Herriot. <mask> <mask> won the Crime Writers Association Historical Crime Dagger award for 2021 for his novel, Midnight at Malabar

masks: Vaseem Vaseem Khan


texts:
 House.In 2021, the second novel Dying Day was published. Set in Bombay, 1950 again one of the world’s great treasures, a six-hundred-year-old copy of Dante’s The Divine Comedy, has been safely housed at Bombay’s Asiatic Society for over a century. But when it vanishes, together with the man charged with its care, British scholar and war hero, John Healy, the case lands on Inspector Persis Wadia’s desk. Bibliography
Baby Ganesh Detective Agency novels
 2015: The Unexpected Inheritance of Inspector Chopra
 2016: The Perplexing Theft of the Jewel in the Crown
 2017: The Strange Disappearance of a Bollywood Star
 2018: Murder at the Grand Raj Palace
 2019: Bad Day at the Vulture Club

Baby Ganesh Detective Agency novellas
 2018: Inspector Chopra & the Million Dollar Motor Car
 2019: Last Victim of the Monsoon Express

Malabar House series
 2020: Midnight at Malabar House
 2021: Dying Day

References

British male novelists
1973 births
Writers from London
Living people
Alumni of the London School of Economics
21st-century British novelists
21st-century English male writers
British mystery writers
People from the London Borough of Newham
British people of Indian descent
British people of Pakistani descent
People associated with University College


texts: <mask> (born 20 October 1994) is a former fashion model based in Melbourne. <mask>'s modeling career began at six months of age when she appeared in a national Australian Dairy Farmers cheese commercial and she quickly became one of Australia's top child models. She was the subject of controversy when, at 8 years of age, fashion photos of her were displayed around the world. <mask>'s pictures were used to market goods in the Australian and Asian markets, but they generated a public backlash when her mature poses were seen as the naturalized sexualization of young girls' bodies. According to her mother, Amy Dean, looking older was not the intention. The publicity generated helped to boost her career; she flew to Hollywood to audition for roles in the soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful and the drama Charmed, and she was also signed with a cosmetics company in a deal worth tens of thousands of dollars and signed with model agents in Berlin, Tokyo and Los Angeles. She was also the subject of German and British documentaries, and signed a financial contract with Scottish documentary makers Wark Clements in 2004.Featherstone was the youngest ever cover model on "Who Weekly" magazine (25 August 2003) and has also appeared on the covers of Australian magazines "New Idea"(twice),"Woman's Day", London's celebrity magazine "Celebs" (23 May 2004) and numerous others worldwide. Photos of Featherstone with celebrities such as Delta Goodrem, Cameron Diaz, Alyssa Milano, Rose McGowan, Kiss, Cold Chisel, the Veronicas, Anthony Mundine and Brian McFadden have appeared in numerous magazines around the world. Featherstone was used as the feature model in newspaper stories (Courier Mail 14 July 2006) based on research conducted which suggested good-looking people are more intelligent. The article highlighted her academic achievements countering suggestions that her modeling career would hamper her schoolwork. Despite intense media speculation that her modeling career would cause long-term harm to her development it appears from media articles that the opposite has occurred with journalists

masks:
Morgan Featherstone
Career Featherstone
Featherstone


texts: commenting on her friendly and down to earth personality. This was highlighted in September 2007 when Featherstone appeared in a two-page article in Sydney's Daily Telegraph (Daily Telegraph 20 September 2007) with the headline "From Child Model to Model Child" and on Channel 9's "A Current Affair" highlighting her modeling and academic achievements and detailing her wishes to be involved in animal conservation. She rejected claims that her modeling career ruined her childhood and said she would be happy to stop modeling if it meant she could realize her dreams of working with animals.In November 2007 <mask> held a fashion parade in Brisbane City that raised $10 000 for charity. In October 2009 <mask> organised $5000 worth of prizes and personally sponsored the photography for the Downs Syndrome Association of Queensland's Annual Gala Ball. <mask> appeared on Australian current affairs program "Today Tonight" (26 February 2008) in a story that labelled her as "Australia's youngest home owner" where she proudly showed off her 4 bedroom, 3 bathroom house she was in the middle of renovating. In the same week <mask>'s photo was used as a background photo on Australian television breakfast program "Sunrise" for an interview with Doctor Karen Brooks about bad role models for children. Also featured in the interview were Paris Hilton and Britney Spears. Brooks has criticized Featherstone in the media about being a bad example for other children numerous times since 2003. Featherstone has stated that she has never met Brooks but "she is allowed to have her opinion about me.Miss Brooks has never asked to meet me but I would be happy to as I'm sure that she would rather base her assessments on me personally rather than on a photograph of me". When asked whether this criticism upset her <mask> replied "not at all, I don't worry when people say bad things about me. They don't know me and are only guessing. I'm happy with myself and my life and I hope they are as well". Australian current affairs show "Today Tonight" arranged for <mask> (at her suggestion) to be assessed by Doctor

masks: Featherstone Featherstone Featherstone Featherstone Featherstone Featherstone


texts:
 Phil Jauncey, a renowned psychologist known for his work with leading sports stars, to determine whether her modelling career had been of any detriment to her with Jauncey stating that, in his opinion, "<mask> is a happy child and her career is doing her no harm" which contradicted Brooks opinion that <mask> (who she had never met) was destined for psychological harm due to her modeling career. On 22 March 2008 <mask> was interviewed on Australian radio where she was asked what models she admired, to which <mask> replied "I don't admire models. Let's face it, it's not rocket science.It's fun work and you get paid well but I don't think modeling is something to be admired for". <mask> was used in stories on teenage models that appeared on Australian current affairs program "Today Tonight" (11 April 2008 and 20 May 2008) along with 14-year-old Polish model Monika Jagaciak with both models being banned from appearing in Fashion Weeks due to their ages. <mask> was again criticised for her involvement in the modeling industry and these concerns were heightened when Featherstone travelled to Hong Kong in June 2008 and appeared in numerous advertising campaigns which many critics believed portrayed Featherstone as being in her late teens. Local media referred to <mask> as "Australia's supertween model". <mask> was featured on Australia's highest ranking television show "60 Minutes" (22 June 2008) where she spoke openly about her modeling career and how much she enjoyed it. In a related story <mask> was asked what she thought of Brisbane Fashion Week banning models under the age of 16 from the catwalk to which Featherstone replied "I'm happy to wait until I'm 16 to model older clothes. It really is no big deal".<mask> appeared on Australian current affairs show "Today Tonight" (4 August 2008) as the featured model for a new hair straightener again raising concerns as to whether she was too young to be associated with such a product. In 2018 <mask> was working as a paralegal at a Melbourne law firm. References

1994 births
Living people
Australian female models
People from

masks: Morgan Morgan Featherstone Featherstone Featherstone Featherstone Featherstone Featherstone Featherstone Featherstone Featherstone


texts:
<mask> (born 4 October 1940) is a German former teacher and politician (SED/PDS). After reunification she became the first member of a German parliament (Landtag) to be deprived of her parliamentary mandate on account of activities as an Informal collaborator for the Ministry for State Security (Stasi) in what was, at that time, East Germany. This, and successful legal challenges touching on her case, attracted attention across the nation. Life
<mask> was born in Sonneberg, a small and in some ways isolated town in the Thuringian hills to the south of Erfurt. When she was 4 war ended and the region found itself in the Soviet occupation zone, relaunched in October 1949 as the Soviet sponsored German Democratic Republic (East Germany). She passed her school final exams and went on to study between 1958 and 1962 at the University of Jena, during which time, in 1961, she married. She emerged qualified as a school teacher of History and German:  between 1962 and 1965 she taught at the secondary school in Föritz (Sonneberg) where she was also a deputy school director.Between 1965 and 1990 she served as an advisor on labour law at the Education Department of the Sonneberg district council. Between 1970 and 1973 she completed a distance-learning study course at the Karl-Marx University (as it was then known) in Leipzig which resulted in a degree in Educational psychology. In 1957 she became a member of the ruling Socialist Unity Party ("Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands" / SED) at a relatively young age. After 1990 it emerged from the work on Stasi files that in the context of her advisory work with the local education department she had signed a "Declaration of Duty" ("Verpflichtungserklärung") for the Ministry for State Security, although she denied this. In 1990 she took a teaching job at the school in Mengersgereuth-Hämmern, then working between 1992 and 1994 as an adult education teacher. Politics
Regional elections took place on the same day as the general election, on 16 October 1994. Nationally the result was not encouraging for

masks:
Almuth Beck
Almuth Beck


texts: the former SED which had been relaunched, formally at the end of 1989, as the Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS) as part of a broader relaunch intended to prepare for a democratic future.In the states that had been East Germany ("neuen Bundesländer") support for the PDS increased from the low-point of 1990, however, and in the regional election in Thuringia the party won nearly 17% of the votes cast, which translated into 17 seats in the 88 seat parliament ("Landtag"). (Under the German system parties receiving less than 5% of the overall vote receive no seats in the resulting parliament, which is why, for the PDS, 17% of the votes translated into more than 17% of the seats.) <mask> was not one of those directly elected by a single electoral district ("constituency"), but her name was high enough up on the statewide party list submitted to the Thuringian voters for her to become one of 4 so-called "Direktmandaten" included in the 17 party representative elected as members of the parliament. In 1996 she became a member of the PDS regional party executive for Thuringia. Under § 1 paragraph 2 of the Thuringia Law on parliamentary representation ("Thüringer Abgeordnetengesetz") of 7 February 1991 it was stipulated that members of parliament found to have collaborated with the Ministry for State Security should lose their seats. During the first electoral term, which had run till 1994, this had been agreed between the political parties who had together applied to the Stasi Records Agency for a set of appropriate rules. During the second electoral term, which ran from 1994 till 1999, the PDS reversed their position and rejected the all-party agreement.On 18 May 1995, in defiance of the majority decision by the parliament ("Landtag"), and also in defiance of the wishes of individual members, three PDS parliamentarians launched a successful legal challenge in the Thuringian constitutional court. The three were Ursula Fischer, Konrad Scheringer and <mask> <mask>. The court decided that there was no legal basis for the provision. A rule placed in

masks: Beck Almuth Beck


texts:
 the parliament's regulations as this one had been was insufficient. The parliament then reinstated the regulation with what it believed was the necessary legal underpinnings. On 29 April 1999 the parliament, invoking § 8 of the Thuringia Law on parliamentary representation, withdrew the parliamentary mandate of <mask> <mask>, citing actions that made her "unworthy to be a member of the parliament" ("unwürdig, dem Landtag anzugehören"). That decision gave rise to a formal legal complaint from the PDS group in the chamber.The complaint was successful. The constitutional court ruled that the legislation in question had fallen outside the regional parliament's constitutional competence. The constitutional court did not involve itself in the actual issue of <mask> <mask>'s Stasi involvement. Having declared the law ineffective, the accuracy or otherwise of allegations arising from it was not an issue for consideration. <mask> <mask>, having acknowledged that her signature appeared on the Stasi "Declaration of Duty" ("Verpflichtungserklärung"), maintained that it was nothing more than a confidentiality agreement signed in the context of her dealings with the country's "secret services". Besides that, she asserted "I did no one any harm" ("Ich habe niemandem geschadet"). Nevertheless, unsympathetic press reports indicate the existence of numerous instances documented in Stasi archives where information provided by <mask> on colleagues and contacts, especially in the teaching profession, during her years as a Stasi informer, would have been sufficient to damage or end professional careers.In the 1999 regional election the PDS increased the number of their seats to 21, becoming the second largest party in the chamber. <mask> <mask> was not re-elected, however, and resigned from the chamber. References

German schoolteachers
Socialist Unity Party of Germany politicians
Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany) politicians
The Left (Germany) politicians
Members of the Landtag of Thuringia
People from Sonneberg
1940 births
People of the Stasi
Living

masks: Almuth Beck Almuth Beck Almuth Beck Beck Almuth Beck


texts:
<mask> (April 8, 1879 – March 7, 1996) was notable as an African-American pastor, editor, and bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church and the Methodist Church. He was elected and consecrated to the episcopacy in 1936. <mask> held the distinction of being the first African-American bishop of the Methodist Church (at the age of 71) to preside full-time over a predominantly white Annual Conference: the Southern California-Arizona Conference (in 1950, coincidentally the 100th annual meeting of this body), which met that year at the University of Redlands. Birth and family
<mask> was born 18 April 1879 in Abbeville in northern Mississippi. He was the eighth of eleven children of the Reverend <mask> and Maria (née Petty) <mask>. <mask>'s parents were ex-slaves; his father also an ordained minister in the Methodist Episcopal Church, as was <mask>'s elder brother, J. Beverly F<mask>. <mask> married Lottye Blanche Simon March 29, 1911.They had children <mask> Jr., Bernard Johnson, twins Lena Anita and Bessie Elaine, Helen Marguerite, and Wilbur Allen. Education
<mask>. earned the A.B. degree from Rust College in 1902. He then earned the B.D. degree from Gammon Theological Seminary in 1906. He also did graduate work at Boston University. Ordained and editorial ministry
<mask> originally planned a career as a public school teacher.But he was received on trial in 1908 by the Washington Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was ordained an elder and received into full connection in 1910. Reverend <mask> distinguished himself as a pastor serving the following appointments: Westminster, Maryland (1908–09);

masks:
Alexander Preston Shaw
Shaw
Alexander
Duncan Preston
Shaw
Alexander
Alexander
. Shaw
Alexander
Alexander Preston
Alexander Sr
Shaw
Shaw