texts:
<mask> CD (11 July 1947 – 19 October 2014) was a Jamaican reggae singer and songwriter who first found fame as a member of The Paragons, before establishing himself as a solo artist. Early life
<mask> was born in the Greenwich Farm area of Kingston, Jamaica, in 1947. His mother Amy was a nurse. By the age of 12, he was a regular entrant in talent contests run at Jamaican theatres by <mask>, winning 28 contests, some broadcast live on Radio Jamaica. Career and recognition
He recorded his first single in 1963 with "Forever I'll Stay"/"I Cried a Tear" for record producer Leslie Kong, and also recorded a duet with Alton Ellis, "Rum Bumper", for producer Vincent "Randy" Chin. In 1965 <mask> joined Bob Andy, Garth "Tyrone" Evans, and Junior Menz in their group the Binders; Menz departed to be replaced by Howard Barrett and they changed their name to the Paragons. They initially recorded for Clement "Coxsone" Dodd's Studio One before cutting a succession of singles for Duke Reid at his Treasure Isle Studio in the rocksteady era of 1966–1968; They enjoyed a string of hits, including "Ali Baba", "Tonight", "I See Your Face", and the Holt-penned "The Tide Is High" (later made famous by Blondie and also covered by Atomic Kitten)."Wear You to the Ball" was another of his hits with the Paragons, and it made the charts again when U-Roy (whom he had introduced to Duke Reid) recorded a Deejay version over it. With Andy having left early on, the departures of Barrett (in 1969) and Evans (in 1970), who had both won scholarships in the US, brought the group to an end. During his time with the Paragons, he also recorded solo material for Bunny Lee ("Tonight"), and Harry J. He subsequently concentrated on his solo career, recording for Prince Buster ("Oh Girl", "Rain From the Skies"), Reid ("Stealing Stealing", "Ali Baba"), Dodd (including "Fancy Make-up", "A Love I Can

masks:
John Kenneth Holt
Holt
Vere Johns
Holt


type: original

texts: Feel", "Let's Build Our Dreams" and "OK Fred"), Alvin Ranglin ("Strange Things"), and Phil Pratt ("My Heart Is Gone"). By the early 1970s, he was one of the biggest stars of reggae, and his work with producer Lee was key to his success; "Stick By Me" was the biggest selling Jamaican record of 1972, one of a number of records recorded with Lee. His 1973 Harry Mudie-produced album, Time Is The Master, was successful, with orchestral arrangements recorded in London by Tony Ashfield. The success of the string-laden reggae led to Trojan Records issuing a series of similarly arranged albums produced by Ashfield starting with the 1,000 Volts of Holt in 1973, a compilation of <mask>'s reggae cover versions of popular hits (and later followed by similarly named releases up to the Lee-produced 3,000 Volts of Holt).1,000 Volts spawned the UK Top 10 hit "Help Me Make It Through the Night" (written by Kris Kristofferson), which peaked at number 6, and included covers of Billy Joel's "Just the Way You Are" and "Touch Me in the Morning" by Diana Ross. He had success back in Jamaica in 1976 with "Up Park Camp" (on a reworking of the Heptones' "Get in the Groove" rhythm), and his success continued into the 1980s with tracks such as "Police in Helicopter" and "Fat She Fat", recorded with producer Henry "Junjo" Lawes, and a standout appearance at the 1982 Reggae Sunsplash festival. "Police in Helicopter" was a condemnation of the Jamaican government's crackdown on marijuana plantations. The cover to the album single pictured <mask> growing locks and a beard, an indication of the increasing importance of Rastafari in his life. He continued to tour regularly, performed several times at Sunsplash in the 1990s, and performed in the United Kingdom with the Royal Philharmonic Concert Orchestra, with a live album taken from these shows released in 2001. In 2004 he was awarded the

masks: Holt Holt


texts:
 Order of Distinction (Commander Class) by the Jamaican government for his contribution to Jamaican music. <mask>'s style, notably slower and more romantic than most of his contemporaries, is a recognisable forerunner of the lovers rock subgenre.His song "Man Next Door" has been covered by numerous other reggae artists, including Dennis Brown, UB40 and Horace Andy. The latter sang in a more electronic vein for the Massive Attack album Mezzanine. In February 2022, the 1973 compilation of <mask>'s recordings, 1000 Volts of Holt, received gold certification from the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for sales in the UK. Personal life and death
Having been taken ill at the One Love Festival on 16 August, <mask> died on 19 October 2014 in the Wellington Hospital in London. He had been diagnosed with colon cancer in June 2014. He is survived by his wife Valerie, 12 children, and 25 grandchildren. His funeral took place on 17 November at Holy Trinity Cathedral in Kingston, and featured performances by U-Roy, The Silvertones, Tinga Stewart, Boris Gardiner, George Nooks, Luciano, Carlene Davis, Ken Boothe, and members of <mask>'s family, backed by Lloyd Parks and the We the People Band.He was buried at Dovecot Memorial Park. DVDs
<mask> in Symphony With the Royal Philharmonic Concert Orchestra (2003)
<mask> & Freddie McGregor – Living Legends Live in Concert (2011)

References

External links
<mask> biography at Allmusic website
Riddimguide information
<mask> at Roots Archives
 "Veteran reggae singer <mask> dies aged 69", Guardian music, 20 October 2014. 1947 births
2014 deaths
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Jamaican reggae musicians
Rocksteady musicians
Musicians from Kingston, Jamaica
Island Records artists
Trojan Records artists
Recipients of the Order of Distinction
Jamaican male singers
Deaths from cancer in England
VP Records artists
Greensleeves Records

masks:
Holt
Holt
Holt
Holt
John Holt
John Holt
John Holt
John Holt
John Holt


texts:
<mask> (September 16, 1912 – February 15, 1988) was decorated officer of the United States Marine Corps who reached the rank of major general. He spent his career mostly in Quartermaster Department of the Marine Corps beginning in the field assignments during World War II. <mask> later served as commanding general, Marine Corps Supply Center Albany and also Assistant Quartermaster General of the Marine Corps and deputy to Major General Chester R. Allen. Early years

<mask><mask> was born on September 16, 1912, in Bloomington, Indiana, as the son of <mask> and <mask>. Upon the graduation from the high school, he enrolled the Indiana University in Bloomington and graduated with Bachelor of Arts degree in June 1936. While at the university, <mask> completed the advanced training with the Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps unit and was commissioned Reserve Second lieutenant in June 1935.However <mask> resigned his reserve commission in order to accept appointment as second lieutenant in the Marine Corps on July 7, 1936, and was subsequently ordered to the Basic School at Philadelphia Navy Yard for further officer training. He completed the school in April 1937 and was attached to the Marine detachment aboard the battleship USS Arkansas which participated in the midshipmen training cruises in the Western Atlantic. His tour of sea duty ended in September 1938 and <mask> was transferred to Washington, D.C., for duties with local Marine Barracks. During his time there, he also served as editor and publisher for Leatherneck Magazine. <mask> spent almost three years there and served also as Post Exchange officer and commanding officer of the Marine Corps Institute. He was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant in July 1939 and took part in the temporary duty with the Marine Guard Detachment at Little White House in Warm Springs, Georgia – the personal retreat of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. World War II

In June 1941, <mask> was transferred to the Marine Corps Air Station,

masks:
Joseph Orville Butcher
Butcher
Joseph O
. Butcher
Orville
Ella Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher


texts:
 Quantico for duty as station quartermaster.While in this capacity, he was promoted to the rank of captain in June 1942 and to major in August of that year. <mask> was transferred to Camp Lejeune, North Carolina in October 1942 and appointed adjutant and executive officer of Quartermaster School, Fleet Marine Force Training Center. He received promotion to lieutenant colonel in March 1944 and subsequently was ordered overseas in October of that year. He was ordered to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii and appointed officer in charge of General Supply Section, Supply Division of Service Command, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific under Major General Earl C. Long. In this capacity, he was co-responsible for the supply, salvage, evacuation, construction, personnel management, quartering and sanitation needs of all FMFPac units and others marine units in its area. While in this capacity, <mask> took part in the Iwo Jima and Okinawa operations and received Navy Commendation Medal for his service. He was transferred to the staff of United States Army Forces, Western Pacific under General Douglas MacArthur and assumed duty as Marine logistics officer of the Provisional Marine detachment.His unit participated in the preparation for the Invasion to Japan, but it was cancelled following the surrender of Japan in August 1945. Later service

<mask> then returned to Pearl Harbor for service with Service Command and served as assistant operations officer until February 1946. He subsequently assumed duty as editor-in-chief of Leatherneck Magazine in Washington, D.C., and remained in this capacity until August of that year. He was then appointed executive officer, Division of Public Information at Headquarters Marine Corps and served under Brigadier General William E. Riley until August 1947, when he was ordered for the instruction at Industrial College of the Armed Forces. <mask> graduated in June 1948 and served as supply officer and assistant head, Material Section, Division of Aviation at Headquarters

masks: Butcher Butcher Butcher Butcher


texts: Marine Corps. In July 1951, <mask> was transferred to California and assumed duty as depot supply officer, Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego under Major General William T. Clement. For his new assignment, he was promoted to the rank of colonel in November of that year.However, due to his previous experiences with supplying of Marine Aviation units, <mask> was transferred to Korea in May 1954 and served as wing supply officer, 1st Marine Aircraft Wing under Major General Verne J. McCaul. The truce was already in effect and <mask> saw no combat while in Far East. He returned to the United States in May 1955 and following a brief leave at home, he assumed duty as director, Material Division within Marine Corps Supply Center, Barstow, California. In August 1957, <mask> served as chief of staff of the center under Brigadier General Ralph B. DeWitt until he was ordered to Camp Lejeune in September 1958 as commanding officer, Marine Corps Supply Schools. After two years there, <mask> was transferred to the Pentagon and served in the Office of Supply Management Policy, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Supply and Logistics). Upon his promotion to the rank of brigadier general in July 1961, he was appointed assistant to Quartermaster General of the Marine Corps, Chester R. Allen. In this capacity, <mask> was co-responsible for the support of development, production, acquisition, and sustainment of general supply, Mortuary Affairs, subsistences, petroleum and water, material and distribution management during peace and war to provide combat power to the U.S. Marine Corps units.He left Washington in September 1962 and assumed command of Marine Corps Supply Center Albany, Georgia. In January 1964, <mask> assumed command of Marine Corps Supply Activity in Philadelphia and served in this capacity until his promotion to the rank of major general on February 28, 1966. He was then ordered back to Korea and participated in the peace negotiations with Chinese and North Koreans

masks: Butcher Butcher Butcher Butcher Butcher Butcher Butcher


texts:
 at Panmunjom as senior member, Military Armistice Commission. For his service during the supervision of Korean Armistice Agreement and other duties, <mask> was decorated with Joint Service Commendation Medal. <mask> returned to the United States in November 1966 and assumed his final duties as commanding general, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. He commanded the base during the early phase of Vietnam War and was responsible for the training of new marine recruits and other units, which was later deployed in Vietnam. <mask> served in this capacity until September 30, 1968, when he was relieved by Major General Rathvon M. Tompkins and subsequently retired from active service.He was decorated with the Legion of Merit for his service at Camp Lejeune. Retirement

Following his retirement from the Marine Corps after 33 years of commissioned service, <mask> settled in Indiana and worked in executive position within Indiana University Foundation. He served as director of Indiana University Sesquicentennial Campaign and received the university's Distinguished Alumni Service Award. <mask> later served as special projects coordinator and president of alumni association and remained in this capacities until his death on February 15, 1988, in Indianapolis. He was buried at Rose Hill Cemetery in Bloomington, Indiana, together with his wife, former Jane Bayer of Indianapolis. They had one son, John O<mask> who served in the Marine Corps as Reserve Officer.In 1992, <mask><mask> was inducted to the Monroe County Hall of fame. Decorations

Here is the ribbon bar of Major General <mask><mask>:

References

1912 births
1988 deaths
People from Bloomington, Indiana
Indiana University Bloomington alumni
Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy alumni
United States Marine Corps Quartermaster Officers
United States Marine Corps generals
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II
United States Marine Corps personnel of the Korean War
Recipients of the Legion of

masks:
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
Butcher
. Butcher
Joseph O
. Butcher
Joseph O
. Butcher


texts:
<mask> (born 1964) is Professor of British and American Literature at the University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona, Jamaica, and a freelance academic writer and film music composer. Since 2009 he has been an independent scholar in Cambridge and a bye-Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge. Biography
<mask> grew up in Bristol, England and was educated at Bristol Grammar School and New College, Oxford. His doctoral thesis, on the use of brackets in English literature, was published by the Clarendon Press as the monograph But I Digress, and called both "a delight-house of a book" and "the strangest book (I think) I have ever reviewed". He taught at the Open University, the University of London, and the University of Cambridge before taking up his present chair at UWI. He is also a member of the Global Virtual Faculty of Fairleigh Dickinson University, and the general editor of the Genre Fiction Sightlines and Monographs series for Humanities-E-Books. Beyond his unusual work on punctuation <mask>'s major work has been in literary handbooks for students in the last years of school and first of college.The Poetry Handbook: A Guide to Reading Poetry for Pleasure and Practical Criticism (OUP, 1996, 2nd edition 2005) has now sold more than 25,000 copies and has an associated

masks:
John Lennard
Lennard
Lennard


texts:
 website. It was followed by The Drama Handbook: A Guide to Reading Plays (co-written with Mary Luckhurst, Professor of Modern Drama at the University of York), trying to bridge the gap between text-based literary and more performative teaching. <mask>'s more recent involvement with work on genre fiction, particularly Crime Writing, Science fiction, and Children's literature, reflects a long history of 'unliterary' reading and interest in literature as a means of living as well as a subject of aesthetic and historical study. He has variously protested the application of class snobbery to literature, and But I Digress features parentheses by Elvis Costello and Robert B. Parker as well as chapters on Marvell, Coleridge, and T. S. Eliot. Both Handbooks were similarly eclectic in choosing examples, and his annotated edition of the award-winning Jamaican verse-novel View from Mount Diablo by Ralph Thompson considers both the crime novel and the Bildungsroman as models. <mask>'s former students include Steven Poole of The Guardian, Tristram Stuart and screenwriter Helen Raynor. Works
But I Digress: The Exploitation of Parentheses in English Printed Verse (Clarendon Press, 1991)
The Poetry Handbook (Oxford University Press, 1996).Second edition, 2005. The Drama Handbook

masks: Lennard Lennard


texts:
 (Oxford University Press, 2002). With Mary Luckhurst. Of Modern Dragons and other essays on Genre Fiction (Humanities-Ebooks, 2007; Troubador, 2008; Kindle 2010). (digital);  (paperback)
Literature Insights: Shakespeare, Hamlet (Humanities-Ebooks, 2007; Troubador, 2008; Kindle 2010). (digital ed. );  (paperback)
Genre Fiction Sightlines: Reginald Hill, On Beulah Height (Humanities-Ebooks, 2007; Kindle 2010).Genre Fiction Sightlines: Walter Mosley, Devil in a Blue Dress (Humanities-Ebooks, 2007; Kindle 2010). Genre Fiction Sightlines: Octavia Butler, Xenogenesis / Lilith's Brood (Humanities-Ebooks, 2007; Kindle 2010). Genre Fiction Sightlines: Ian McDonald, Chaga / Evolution's Shore (Humanities-Ebooks, 2007; Kindle 2010). Genre Fiction Sightlines: Tamora Pierce, The Immortals: Wild Magic, Wolf-Speaker, The Emperor Mage, The Realms of the Gods (Humanities-Ebooks, 2007; Kindle 2010). Literature Insights: Paul Scott, The Raj Quartet & Staying On (Humanities-Ebooks, 2007; Kindle 2010). Literature Insights: Vladimir Nabokov, Lolita (Humanities-Ebooks, 2008; Kindle 2010). Ralph Thompson, View from Mount Diablo: An Annotated Edition (Peepal Tree Press & Humanities-Ebooks, 2009; Kindle 2010).(paperback);  (digital ed.) Of Sex and Faerie: Further essays on Genre Fiction


texts:
 (Humanities-Ebooks, Troubador, & Kindle, 2010). (PDF)  (Reflowable format)  (paperback)
Literature Insights: Shakespeare, King Lear (Humanities-Ebooks & Kindle, 2010). (PDF)  (Kindle)
Literature Insights: Reading William Faulkner: Go Down, Moses, & Big Woods (Humanities-Ebooks & Kindle, 2012). (PDF)  (Kindle)
Talking Sense About Fifty Shades of Grey, or, Fanfiction, Feminism, and BDSM (Kindle Direct Publishing, 2012). ASIN BOOAK02ZG1
Tolkien's Triumph: The Strange History of The Lord of the Rings (Kindle Direct Publishing, 2013). ASIN BOOG3CBZSA
The Exasperating Case of David Weber, or, The Slow Death of the Honorverse (Kindle Direct Publishing, 2015).ASIN BO15TGKWPC
Mock-death in Shakespeare's Plays (Kindle Direct Publishing, 2016). ASIN BO1JSRLAHM
‘Punctuation: and – Pragmatics’, in A. Jucker, ed., Historical Pragmatics  (Benjamins, 1995), pp. 65–98. /1-55619-328-9
"Writing to Form: Verse", in <mask> & Mary Luckhurst, eds, The Creative Writing Handbook: Techniques for New Writers  (Macmillan, 1996; 2nd edition, 1999), pp. 164–200. "Classical Learning in Regional Voices: The Work of Derek Walcott, Wole Soyinka, and Tony Harrison", in Jean Paul Lehners, Guy Schuller, & Janine Goedert, eds, Regions, nations, mondialisation: Aspects politiques, economiques, culturels


texts: (Centre Universitaire de Luxembourg, 1996), pp. 139–49."CrimeFiction", "Period", "Punctuation", ‘Rhyme", "Apestail", "Apostrophe", "Blank", "Caesura", "Guillemets", "Mise-en-Page", "Nota", "Parenthesis", "Rhyme Scheme", "Scriptio Continua" & "Wrenched Accent", in J. A. Cuddon, ed., A Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory  (4th ed., rev. Claire Preston, Blackwell, 1998; Penguin, 1999). "Mark, Space, Axis, Function: towards a (new) theory of punctuation on historical principles’, in Anne Henry, Joe Bray, & Miriam Fraser, eds, Ma(r)king the Text: The presentation of meaning on the literary page (Ashgate, 2000), pp. 1–11. "Reginald Hill", in Jay Parini, ed., British Writers Supplement IX (Scribner’s Sons, 2004), pp. 109–26."R. K. Narayan", ‘Paul Scott’, & ‘Derek Walcott’, in Jay Parini, ed., World Writers in English  (2 vols, Scribner’s Sons, 2004), II. 385–407, 645–64, 721–46. "Ian Rankin", in Jay Parini, ed., British Writers Supplement X, (Scribner’s Sons, 2004), pp. 243–60. "Introduction" to The Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes  (OUP, 2006), pp. ix–xxxii. "Staging ‘the Holocaust" in England", & (with Dawn Fowler) "On War: Charles Wood’s Military Conscience", in Mary Luckhurst, ed., The Blackwell Companion to Modern British and Irish Drama (Blackwell,


texts:
 2006)."Patrick O'Brian", in Jay Parini, ed, British Writers Supplement XII, (Scribner's Sons, 2006), pp. 247–66. "Quantity and Quality in Literary Studies", in Journal of Education and Development in the Caribbean, vol. 11, no. 1 (December 2009), pp. 23–9
‘In/visible Punctuation’, in Visible Language 45.1/2 (Summer 2011), pp. 123–39."(Absent) Gods and the Sharing Knife: Lois McMaster Bujold’s Myths of Integration", in Janet Brennan Croft, ed., Lois McMaster Bujold: Essays on a Modern Master of Science Fiction and Fantasy (Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., 2012). Design and layout for Laura Curino, Passion (trans. Mary Luckhurst & Gabriella Giannachi), in Lizbeth Goodman, ed., Mythic Women/Real Women: Plays and Performance Pieces by Women (Faber & Faber, 2000), pp. 87–112. Commentary, background material, and student notes in April De Angelis, A Laughing Matter (Faber & Faber/Out of Joint, 2002). 36–7
"Informing a Voice", The Sunday Observer (Kingston), 18/12/05, Lifestyle, p. 22
"Without Title", The Liberal : Poetry, Politics, Culture (February/March 2006), p. 55
"Reservoirs of Blood", The Liberal : Poetry, Politics, Culture (Autumn 2007), pp. 54–5
"Plunder and Protection", Jamaica Journal 31.3 (12/08), pp.80–1
"Chapters in Verse", The Liberal : Poetry, Politics,


texts:
 Culture (Spring 2009), pp. 34–6

References

1964 births
Living people
People educated at Bristol Grammar School
Alumni of New College, Oxford
English literary critics
University of the West Indies academics
Academics of the Open University
Academics of the University of London
Fellows of Trinity Hall, Cambridge
English male non-fiction


texts:
<mask> (; 27 October 1888 – 16 January 1974) was a Soviet military commander, reaching the rank of colonel-general in the Red Army. Early life, World War I, and Russian Civil War
<mask> was born in a small village in Oryol Governorate, Russian Empire (now Volovsky District, Lipetsk Oblast, Russia). Conscripted for military service, he joined the Semyonovsky Regiment in November 1909 and soon rose up the non-commissioned ranks during World War I. In December 1914 he was promoted to master sergeant for distinction in battle. In 1915 he graduated as a warrant officer after completing studies in Omsk. He served on the Southwestern Front and participated in the Brusilov Offensive. In January 1918 he was seconded to the headquarters of the prestigious 1st Guards Corps.He received all four classes of the Cross of St. George (earning the title "Full Cavalier of Saint George") as well as the Order of Saint Anna, 4th class. In early 1918 <mask> was demobilized having reached the rank of lieutenant. Volunteering for the Red Army at the outset of the Russian Civil War, <mask> was first appointed as a military officer for his hometown. In May 1919 he was sent to the front, commanding a platoon, a company, and then a battalion in the 28th Rifle Regiment of the 7th Rifle Division. He fought on the Eastern Front against the White Army troops of Alexander Kolchak in the Votkinsk and Izhevsk districts, but in the summer the regiment was urgently transferred to the Southern Front, where Anton Denikin was advancing on Moscow. In August he became deputy commander and then commander of the 55th Rifle Regiment, also of the 7th Division, and fought in battles around Oboyan and Sudzha. From October to November he was involved in the Orel–Kursk operation, a decisive Soviet victory in which the Red Army regained the initiative.During the Polish–Soviet War he commanded a regiment and then the 20th and 19th brigades of the 7th

masks:
Kuzma Petrovich Trubnikov
Trubnikov
Trubnikov
Trubnikov


texts:
 Division. In the autumn of 1920 he fought against Stanisław Bułak-Bałachowicz near Ovruch and then against the anarchist army of Nestor Makhno near Zolotonosha. Interwar period
After the civil war he continued to serve in the 7th Rifle Division as commander of the 19th Rifle Regiment, stationed in the Kiev Military District. In 1925 he completed the Vystrel course as part of his officer training and in 1927 he graduated from the Frunze Military Academy. In November 1928 he was appointed assistant commander of the 15th Rifle Division. In August 1932 he became the inspector of the 5th Aviation Brigade and in September 1933 he became the head of the sector for the Soviet Air Forces. In February 1934 he became the assistant commander of the 25th Chapayev Rifle Division, named after its first commander, Vasily Chapayev.In 1935 he became the division commander. During this time <mask> was under investigation by the NKVD, the Soviet secret police. This investigation was during a widespread purge of the Red Army, part of the Great Purge, where officers of the former Imperial army especially came under suspicion. He was arrested in June 1938 but released in February 1940. After his release he served as an instructor at the Vystrel course. World War II
A month after Operation Barbarossa began <mask> was given command of the 258th Rifle Division, hastily formed in the Orel Military District. In August 1941 the division was assigned to the 50th Army, part of the newly-forming Bryansk Front.The unit saw action in the Roslavl–Novozybkov Offensive and the Battle of Bryansk from September to October. During the Battle of Moscow the army was encircled by the attacking 17th Panzer Division and 167th Infantry Division, but the 258th Division was able to escape and prevent the complete destruction of the army. The division then helped stop Guderian's Second Panzer Army at Tula, on the southern flank of the German assault

masks: Trubnikov Trubnikov


texts: on Moscow. After the successful defensive operation the original strength of the 258th Infantry Division was less than 10 percent. In November <mask> was assigned command of the 217th Rifle Division, also part of 50th Army. In January 1942 <mask> led the division in the Soviet counteroffensive in the Moscow area, helping to liberate Kaluga and participating in the bloody Battles of Rzhev, known as the "Rzhev Meat Grinder" ("Ржевская мясорубка"). In June 1942 he became deputy commander of the 16th Army under Konstantin Rokossovsky.In July Rokossovsky was promoted to command the Bryansk Front, as it was expected the Wehrmacht would once more attack Moscow. When it became clear that the German focus was on the Southern Front, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin transferred Rokossovsky to the Don Front in preparation for a planned Soviet counterattack at Stalingrad. In October, at Rokossovsky's request, <mask> became deputy commander of the Don Front. He participated in the organization and management of troops in the Battle of Stalingrad and the destruction of the encircled German 6th Army. <mask> led the armies on the Don Front's right wing, including the 57th, 67th and 64th armies. In February 1943 <mask> again served as deputy commander to Rokossovsky on the Central Front in preparation for a summer offensive aimed at a German salient around the city of Kursk. In April <mask> received command of the 10th Guards Army of the Western Front.He led the army during Operation Suvorov, an attempt to liberate Smolensk that summer. In early August <mask>'s army tried several times to break through the German XII Army Corps, but reinforcements from the 9th Army prevented any advance. During the first phrase of the operation the 10th Guards suffered 30 percent casualties and its most elite unit, the 65th Guards Rifle Division, was almost annihilated, having lost 75 percent of its personnel in just seven days. On September 10

masks: Trubnikov Trubnikov Trubnikov Trubnikov Trubnikov Trubnikov Trubnikov


texts:
 <mask> was relieved of command and replaced with Alexander Sukhomlin. He would hold no more major commands for the rest of the war. In December 1943 he was appointed assistant commander of the 1st Belorussian Front under his old comrade Rokossovsky, following him to the 2nd Belorussian Front in 1944 during the Soviet advance through Belorussia (Belarus) and into Poland. In this position he participated in the East Prussian Offensive, the East Pomeranian Offensive, and the Battle of Berlin.At the Moscow Victory Parade of 1945 <mask> led the consolidated regiment of the 2nd Belorussian Front. After the war, he continued as deputy commander of the troops of the 2nd Belorussian Front until August 1945, when he became deputy commander-in-chief of the Northern Group of Forces stationed in Poland. In January 1951 he was retired due to illness. He died on January 16, 1974 and is buried in the Vvedenskoye Cemetery in Moscow. Citations

References

External links
<mask> <mask> on Lipetsk Regional Universal Science Library: Memory of the Eternal Fire (in Russian)
"My Grandfather Kuzma, Four Georges, and Paulus" from Rodina magazine (in Russian)

Soviet military personnel of the Russian Civil War
Soviet military personnel of World War II
Russian people of World War I
Soviet colonel generals
Imperial Russian Army officers
Soviet rehabilitations
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner
Recipients of the Order of Suvorov, 2nd class
Recipients of the Order of Kutuzov, 1st class
Recipients of the Order of Kutuzov, 2nd class
Recipients of the Order of the Red Star
Recipients of the Virtuti Militari (1943–1989)
Recipients of the Cross of St. George
Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 4th class
Recipients of the Médaille militaire (France)
Recipients of the Croix de guerre (Belgium)
Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Grunwald, 2nd class
Burials at Vvedenskoye Cemetery
1974 deaths
1888

masks: Trubnikov Trubnikov Kuzma Trubnikov


texts:
Wilhelmus Martinus Leonardus Johannes "<mask><mask> (; 6 December 1946 – 19 April 2021) was a Dutch football player and a scout for PSV Eindhoven. <mask> was born in Helmond and started his youth career at local club HVV. In 1964, he was signed by PSV Eindhoven. <mask> ended up playing for the club 18 years, winning three Eredivisie titles, two domestic cups and the UEFA Cup in 1978. He was also crowned Eredivisie top scorer three times. After short periods with MVV Maastricht and Overpelt, he retired at age 37. After his playing career, <mask> returned to PSV as assistant manager, first team coach, youth coach and scout.He also briefly served as assistant manager at Roda JC. <mask> Kuijlen played 528 league games and scored 308 times for PSV, both being all-time club records. With 311 career goals in total, <mask> <mask> also holds the all-time Eredivisie goal record. He won 22 caps and scored seven goals for the Dutch national team in the 1960s and 1970s, but his international career was marred by frequent clashes with Johan Cruyff and his allies. Early years
<mask> <mask> was raised in Helmond and started playing football from an early age. At eight years old, he joined local club HVV Helmond, even though boys were not able to join until the age of nine. <mask> Kuijlen became noteworthy because of his goalscoring abilities.He attended school to become a tiler, but quit in favour of becoming a football player. At the age of fifteen, <mask> <mask> debuted in the HVV Helmond first team. In 1963, he attracted interest from PSV Eindhoven and played a test match for them against De Valk in May. The team

masks:
Willy
" van der Kuijlen
Van der Kuijlen
Van der Kuijlen
Van der Kuijlen
Van der
Van der
Kuijlen
Van der
Kuijlen
Van der
Van der
Kuijlen


texts:
 offered him a contract, but <mask> Kuijlen declined; he could only receive a youth contract and the offered wages were lower than his deal with HVV at the time. While playing for HVV Helmond, he managed to score 69 goals in 63 matches for the amateur side. In 1964, PSV and thirteen other clubs (including Belgian sides) were interested in signing the youngster. This time, <mask> <mask> opted to play for PSV.Club career

Early career
<mask> Kuijlen started out with a semi-professional contract; signing a contract with PSV Eindhoven meant that he could also work at Philips. On weekdays, he would work as a warehouse worker. <mask> Kuijlen debuted in a friendly match on 7 August 1964 against SVV, scoring five goals in a 6–1 victory. His Eredivisie debut was on 23 August 1964 in a match against Fortuna ’54. <mask> Kuijlen scored the only goal in a 2–1 loss. In the second league match, he managed to score three goals in PSV's 3–1 victory over SC Enschede. In his first season at PSV (as the youngest player in the league), the team finished second in the league and <mask> Kuijlen also finished second in the Eredivisie top scorer ranking with twenty goals.In the 1965–66 season, <mask> <mask>, who just turned 20, became league topscorer with 23 goals. In the final league round, PSV managed to beat FC Twente 7–1 in Enschede; <mask> Kuijlen scored four times in that match. In the following years, <mask> Kuijlen faced a few struggles in his career. His Philips job and a call up for the military draft proved difficult to combine with his football. In both the 1966–67 and the 1967–68 season, <mask> Kuijlen still

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 produced 21 league goals but a lack of chemistry between him and PSV coach Milan Nikolić (football manager) also made his performances suffer. In 1968, PSV was struggling in the league and battling relegation. As a result, Nikolić was sacked and in the wake of his departure, <mask> Kuijlen immediately scored four goals in a 5–1 victory against DWS.After a few important wins, PSV ended 14th in the Eredivisie. In the 1968–69 season PSV appointed <mask> as the new coach. But once again, <mask> <mask> did not get along with his coach, having trouble with <mask>'s harsh coaching style. This situation almost led to a transfer by <mask> <mask> to Helmond Sport, his hometown side. They could not afford his transfer fee though, and <mask> <mask> ultimately signed a new contract with PSV. In both the 1968–69 and the 1969–70 season, PSV reaches (but loses) the cup final. In the latter season, <mask> <mask> becomes Eredivisie top scorer for the second time with 26 goals.The following two seasons prove to be less successful for <mask> Kuijlen, with 14 goals in the 1970–71 season, and 6 goals in the 1971–72 season. <mask>'s departure in 1972 changed his situation at the club. PSV's new coach was Kees Rijvers, who would connect very well with <mask> Kuijlen in the coming years. Domestic success and the UEFA Cup victory
Rijvers had given <mask> Kuijlen free playmaker role in the team. He also formed a successful striker partnership with new signing Ralf Edström. In 1974, <mask> Kuijlen scored 27 goals (which included four in a 10–0 victory against Go Ahead Eagles) and was once again crowned league topscorer. Real

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texts: Madrid, Nice, Anderlecht and Valencia CF became interested in signing him, but PSV rejected any incoming offers.The offer from Madrid was kept secret by PSV director <mask> <mask> and <mask> Kuijlen's agent Jo Verstappen. The season finale was the KNVB beker final against NAC, which PSV won with 6–0. <mask> <mask> scored a hat-trick in that match. In the 1974–75 season, <mask> <mask> won his first Eredivisie title. He contributed to the success with 28 league goals. In November of that season, a peculiar moment occurred for <mask> Kuijlen when he shot a free kick at goal in a match against FC Wageningen. The ball entered the goal, but ended up outside the goal because of a hole in the netting.After long deliberation, the referee acknowledged the goal. In the following year, PSV won the league and the domestic cup, and reached the semifinals of the European Cup. <mask> Kuijlen scored 27 league goals. After the two consecutive titles, PSV ended second in 1977. Edström left the squad after the season, breaking up his partnership with <mask> Kuijlen, but also giving way for a new playing style. PSV's game would become more varied, with Rijvers making the team play without a set striker. <mask> <mask> and Gerrie Deijkers would take turns during matches in becoming the front man.Although he was not keen on becoming captain (declaring that he was "too busy with his own game"), <mask> <mask> was appointed the team skipper before the 1977–78 season. That year turned out to be the most successful season in his career, after PSV won the Eredivisie, the domestic cup and the UEFA Cup. In the UEFA Cup semi-finals,

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 PSV faced FC Barcelona, with Johan Cruyff and Johan Neeskens as opponents. PSV won 4–3 on aggregate and advanced to the finals, where Bastia was beaten 3–0 at home (after a goalless draw in the first leg). <mask> <mask> scored the third and final goal: a pass by Jan Poortvliet resulted in an effort that first hit the post, but rebounded back into his feet, enabling him to score nonetheless. <mask> <mask> declared that "it was one of the few times we played really well on the European level. When you score a goal like that it stays in your memory."Later years
After the UEFA Cup victory, the squad slowly disintegrated. In the 1978-79 season, PSV ended third in the league. <mask> Kuijlen scored four times in a 1978 European Cup match against Fenerbahçe (6-1). In the league, he scored 14 goals. In the 1979-80 season, PSV finished third again, with <mask> <mask>'s goal tally decreasing to 12 goals. When Rijvers left in 1980, he was replaced by Thijs Libregts, who often benched <mask> Kuijlen in favour of others. A six-minute substitute appearance against N.E.C.on 29 August 1981 was deemed humiliating by <mask> <mask>, who requested to leave the club. He was transferred to MVV Maastricht, where he played for one season. In Maastricht, he appeared in 17 matches, while scoring three goals. When <mask> <mask> left MVV, he briefly played for Belgian side Overpelt Fabriek, before officially retiring. In total, he played 538 league games and scored 308 goals for PSV; both statistics still stand as the highest number of games and goals anyone has produced for the club. <mask> <mask>'s 29 goals in European

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 competitions is also a PSV record. His 311 Eredivisie goals remain a Dutch record.International career
While playing for HVV Helmond, <mask> Kuijlen played for the Dutch under-19 national squad. After a call-up from coach George Kessler, <mask> <mask> made his debut for the Dutch senior national team on 23 March 1966 in a match against West Germany, aged 19. His international career started encouragingly: in his first five caps, he scored four times. Subsequently, <mask> <mask> received intermittent call-ups until 1970. Because he was occupied with his military draft, he could not play for the national squad very often. Meanwhile, his playmaker position in the Dutch team was slowly taken over by Johan Cruyff. From 1970, he had to wait four years before appearing for the Dutch squad again.The Netherlands were scheduled to play the 1974 FIFA World Cup, but <mask> <mask> (who almost certainly would be benched in favour of Cruyff) declined to appear at the tournament. Other reasons why <mask> <mask>'s international career never took off were frequent clashes between <mask> Kuijlen, his PSV teammate <mask> Beveren and Cruyff. The feud between PSV players on one side and the Ajax and Feyenoord players on the other originated in the sixties, when Van Beveren criticised Cruyff's will to play for the Dutch team. In return, <mask> <mask> and Van Beveren's reluctance to adapt to Cruyff's ways had led to harassment from the Ajax and Feyenoord players. One way was to keep passing the ball only between Ajax players in Dutch matches, leaving <mask> Kuijlen out of the game. His biggest issue with Cruyff was the

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 preferential treatment he would get from the coach, teammates and the Dutch FA. In 1975, the Dutch team was in training to prepare for a match against Poland.After Cruyff and his FC Barcelona-team member Johan Neeskens took the liberty to arrive a few days late for a Dutch team training camp, coach George Knobel paused the training just to welcome the two. <mask> <mask> responded to this with: “Here come the kings of Spain”. Angered, Cruyff approached Knobel, forcing him to choose between him and <mask> Kuijlen. Knobel sided with Cruyff, resulting in <mask> <mask> and Van Beveren leaving the team. Because of these issues, <mask> <mask> retired from international football in 1975, but retracted this decision a year later after a talk with the coach. In the 1970s, <mask> <mask> sporadically played for The Netherlands. In 1975, he scored three times in a Euro 1976 qualifying match against Finland, bringing his goal tally to seven.In October 1977, he played his twenty-second and final cap in an away match against Northern Ireland; he came on as a substitute for Cruyff in the 71st minute. Style of play
<mask> <mask> usually played in the playmaker or second striker position. He would often drop into the midfield in an attempt to control the game from there. Although <mask> Kuijlen was right-footed at first, he trained to become a two-footed player. He was famed for his shot power and technical abilities; his powerful shot earned him the nickname ‘Skiete <mask>’ (‘Shoot, <mask>’ in regional, eastern North Brabant  vernacular). After Ralf Edström joined PSV in 1974, he and <mask> <mask> formed an effective

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 duo. The partnership's trademark was Edström receiving a long ball with his head and delivering it to <mask> Kuijlen, who would stand just outside the penalty box for an attempt at goal.Later in his career, he would form a new partnership with Harry Lubse. <mask> Kuijlen rarely headed a ball or tackled a player. As a consequence, <mask> Kuijlen only received one yellow card in his entire career. <mask> <mask> acknowledged his lack of defensive skills, but mentioned that "Rijvers took care of that by letting other team members compensate that". It enabled him to excel in the attacking part. Post-career

After <mask> Kuijlen retired, he served as attacking coach and assistant manager for PSV Eindhoven. In 1988, he became assistant manager at Roda JC after Jan Reker was signed as head coach.Later, he returned to PSV as a youth coach. Since 2004, <mask> Kuijlen served as a scout for the club. Besides that position, <mask> Kuijlen also participated in representative and ceremonial tasks for the club. In 2012, <mask> Kuijlen signed a two-year extension of his contract with PSV. Directors <mask> and Marcel Brands also announced that as long as they are in charge, <mask> Kuijlen can always remain at the club. <mask> Kuijlen received recognition for his playing career by PSV and their fans. He was an honorary member of PSV, and in the Philips Stadion one of the reception halls is named after him.In October 2004, a statue of <mask> Kuijlen was erected outside of the Philips Stadion. In November 2011, his biography Onze <mask> ('Our Willy') was published, written by journalist Frans <mask> Nieuwenhof. The first

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 edition was presented to <mask> Kuijlen by <mask> Marwijk. Together with the release of the book, he received an honorary Helmond city badge from mayor Fons Jacobs. On 10 December 2011, <mask> <mask>'s 65th birthday was celebrated in the Philips Stadion during the Eredivisie match PSV-NAC Breda. He was joined by the 1978 PSV team that won the UEFA Cup. Death
<mask> Kuijlen later suffered from Alzheimer's disease.He died on 19 April 2021 at the age of 74. Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list the Netherlands' goal tally first, score column indicates score after each <mask> der Kuijlen goal. Honours
PSV Eindhoven
 Eredivisie: 1974–75, 1975–76, 1977–78
 KNVB Cup: 1973–74, 1975–76
 UEFA Cup: 1977–78

Notes and references

External links
 Profile at PSV Eindhoven

1946 births
2021 deaths
People from Helmond
Association football midfielders
Dutch footballers
Netherlands youth international footballers
Netherlands international footballers
PSV Eindhoven players
MVV Maastricht players
Eredivisie players
UEFA Cup winning players
Neurological disease deaths in the Netherlands
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Association football scouts
Association football coaches
PSV Eindhoven non-playing

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<mask> (; 31 August 1941) was a Russian poet. Her work is considered among some of the greatest in twentieth century Russian literature. She lived through and wrote of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the Moscow famine that followed it. In an attempt to save her daughter Irina from starvation, she placed her in a state orphanage in 1919, where she died of hunger. Tsvetaeva left Russia in 1922 and lived with her family in increasing poverty in Paris, Berlin and Prague before returning to Moscow in 1939. Her husband Sergei Efron and their daughter Ariadna (Alya) were arrested on espionage charges in 1941; her husband was executed. Tsvetaeva committed suicide in 1941.As a lyrical poet, her passion and daring linguistic experimentation mark her as a striking chronicler of her times and the depths of the human condition. Early years
<mask>va was born in Moscow, the daughter of Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev, a professor of Fine Art at the University of Moscow, who later founded the Alexander III Museum of Fine Arts (known from 1937 as the Pushkin Museum). (The Tsvetaev family name evokes association with flowers – the Russian word цвет (tsvet) means "color" or "flower".) Tsvetaeva's mother, , Ivan's second wife, was a concert pianist, highly literate, with German and Polish ancestry. Growing up in considerable material comfort, Tsvetaeva would later come to identify herself with the Polish aristocracy. Tsvetaeva's two half-siblings, Valeria and Andrei, were the children of Ivan's deceased first wife, Varvara Dmitrievna Ilovaiskaya,

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texts: daughter of the historian Dmitry Ilovaisky. Tsvetaeva's only full sister, Anastasia, was born in 1894.The children quarrelled frequently and occasionally violently. There was considerable tension between Tsvetaeva's mother and Varvara's children, and Tsvetaeva's father maintained close contact with Varvara's family. Tsvetaeva's father was kind, but deeply wrapped up in his studies and distant from his family. He was also still deeply in love with his first wife; he would never get over her. Maria Tsvetaeva had had a love affair before her marriage, from which she never recovered. Maria Tsvetaeva disapproved of <mask>'s poetic inclination; she wanted her daughter to become a pianist, holding the opinion that her poetry was poor. In 1902, Tsvetaeva's mother contracted tuberculosis.A change in climate was believed to help cure the disease, and so the family travelled abroad until shortly before her death in 1906, when Tsvetaeva was 14. They lived for a while by the sea at Nervi, near Genoa. There, away from the rigid constraints of a bourgeois Muscovite life, Tsvetaeva was able for the first time to run free, climb cliffs, and vent her imagination in childhood games. There were many Russian émigré revolutionaries residing at that time in Nervi, who may have had some influence on the young Tsvetaeva. In June 1904, Tsvetaeva was sent to school in Lausanne. Changes in the Tsvetaev residence led to several changes in school, and during the course of her travels she acquired the Italian, French, and German languages. She gave up the


texts:
 strict musical studies that her mother had imposed and turned to poetry.She wrote "With a mother like her, I had only one choice: to become a poet". In 1908, aged 16, Tsvetaeva studied literary history at the Sorbonne. During this time, a major revolutionary change was occurring within Russian poetry: the flowering of the Russian symbolist movement, and this movement was to colour most of her later work. It was not the theory which was to attract her, but the poetry and the gravity which writers such as Andrei Bely and Alexander Blok were capable of generating. Her own first collection of poems, Vecherny Albom (Evening Album), self-published in 1910, promoted her considerable reputation as a poet. It was well received, although her early poetry was held to be insipid compared to her later work. It attracted the attention of the poet and critic Maximilian Voloshin, whom Tsvetaeva described after his death in A Living Word About a Living Man.Voloshin came to see Tsvetaeva and soon became her friend and mentor. Family and career

She began spending time at Voloshin's home in the Black Sea resort of Koktebel ("Blue Height"), which was a well-known haven for writers, poets and artists. She became enamoured of the work of Alexander Blok and Anna Akhmatova, although she never met Blok and did not meet Akhmatova until the 1940s. Describing the Koktebel community, the émigré Viktoria Schweitzer wrote: "Here inspiration was born." At Koktebel, Tsvetaeva met Sergei Yakovlevich Efron, a 17-year-old cadet in the Officers' Academy. She was 19,


texts: he 18: they fell in love and were married in 1912, the same year as her father's project, the Alexander III Museum of Fine Arts, was ceremonially opened, an event attended by Tsar Nicholas II. Tsvetaeva's love for Efron was intense; however, this did not preclude her from having affairs, including one with Osip Mandelstam, which she celebrated in a collection of poems called Mileposts.At around the same time, she became involved in an affair with the poet Sophia Parnok, who was 7 years older than <mask>, an affair that caused her husband great grief. The two women fell deeply in love, and the relationship profoundly affected both women's writings. She deals with the ambiguous and tempestuous nature of this relationship in a cycle of poems which at times she called The Girlfriend, and at other times The Mistake. <mask> and her husband spent summers in the Crimea until the revolution, and had two daughters: Ariadna, or Alya (born 1912) and Irina (born 1917). In 1914, Efron volunteered for the front and by 1917 he was an officer stationed in Moscow with the 56th Reserve. Tsvetaeva was a close witness of the Russian Revolution, which she rejected. On trains, she came into contact with ordinary Russian people and was shocked by the mood of anger and violence.She wrote in her journal: "In the air of the compartment hung only three axe-like words: bourgeois, Junkers, leeches." After the 1917 Revolution, Efron joined the White Army, and <mask> returned to Moscow hoping to be reunited with her husband. She was trapped in Moscow for five

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 years, where there was a terrible famine. She wrote six plays in verse and narrative poems. Between 1917 and 1922 she wrote the epic verse cycle Lebedinyi stan (The Encampment of the Swans) about the civil war, glorifying those who fought against the communists. The cycle of poems in the style of a diary or journal begins on the day of Tsar Nicholas II's abdication in March 1917, and ends late in 1920, when the anti-communist White Army was finally defeated. The 'swans' of the title refers to the volunteers in the White Army, in which her husband was fighting as an officer.In 1922, she published a long pro-imperial verse fairy tale, Tsar-devitsa ("Tsar-Maiden"). The Moscow famine was to exact a toll on Tsvetaeva. With no immediate family to turn to, she had no way to support herself or her daughters. In 1919, she placed both her daughters in a state orphanage, mistakenly believing that they would be better fed there. Alya became ill, and Tsvetaeva removed her, but Irina died there of starvation in 1920. The child's death caused Tsvetaeva great grief and regret. In one letter, she wrote, "God punished me."During these years, Tsvetaeva maintained a close and intense friendship with the actress Sofia Evgenievna Holliday, for whom she wrote a number of plays. Many years later, she would write the novella "Povest o Sonechke" about her relationship with Holliday. Exile

Berlin and Prague

In May 1922, <mask> and Ariadna left Soviet Russia and were reunited in Berlin with Efron, whom she had thought had been killed by the Bolsheviks.


texts: There she published the collections Separation, Poems to Blok, and the poem The Tsar Maiden, much of her poetry appeared in Moscow and Berlin, consolidating her reputation. In August 1922, the family moved to Prague. Living in unremitting poverty, unable to afford living accommodation in Prague itself, with Efron studying politics and sociology at the Charles University and living in hostels, Tsvetaeva and Ariadna found rooms in a village outside the city. She writes "we are devoured by coal, gas, the milkman, the baker...the only meat we eat is horsemeat".When offered an opportunity to earn money by reading her poetry, she describes having to beg a simple dress from a friend to replace the one she had been living in. Tsvetaeva began a passionate affair with , a former military officer, a liaison which became widely known throughout émigré circles. Efron was devastated. Her break-up with Rodziewicz in 1923 was almost certainly the inspiration for her The Poem of the End and "The Poem of the Mountain". At about the same time, Tsvetaeva began correspondence with poet Rainer Maria Rilke and novelist Boris Pasternak. Tsvetaeva and Pasternak were not to meet for nearly twenty years, but maintained friendship until Tsvetaeva's return to Russia. In summer 1924, Efron and Tsvetaeva left Prague for the suburbs, living for a while in Jíloviště, before moving on to Všenory, where Tsvetaeva completed "The Poem of the End", and was to conceive their son, Georgy, whom she was to later nickname 'Mur'.Tsvetaeva wanted to name him Boris (after


texts:
 Pasternak); Efron insisted on Georgy. He was to be a most difficult child but Tsvetaeva loved him obsessively. With Efron now rarely free from tuberculosis, their daughter Ariadna was relegated to the role of mother's helper and confidante, and consequently felt robbed of much of her childhood. In Berlin, before settling in Paris, Tsvetaeva wrote some of her greatest verse, including Remeslo ("Craft", 1923) and Posle Rossii ("After Russia", 1928). Reflecting a life in poverty and exiled, the work holds great nostalgia for Russia and its folk history, while experimenting with verse forms. Paris

In 1925, the family settled in Paris, where they would live for the next 14 years. At about this time Tsvetaeva contracted tuberculosis.Tsvetaeva received a small stipend from the Czechoslovak government, which gave financial support to artists and writers who had lived in Czechoslovakia. In addition, she tried to make whatever she could from readings and sales of her work. She turned more and more to writing prose because she found it made more money than poetry. Tsvetaeva did not feel at all at home in Paris's predominantly ex-bourgeois circle of Russian émigré writers. Although she had written passionately pro-'White' poems during the Revolution, her fellow émigrés thought that she was insufficiently anti-Soviet, and that her criticism of the Soviet régime was altogether too nebulous. She was particularly criticised for writing an admiring letter to the Soviet poet Vladimir Mayakovsky. In the wake of this letter, the émigré paper


texts: Posledniye Novosti, to which Tsvetaeva had been a frequent contributor, refused point-blank to publish any more of her work.She found solace in her correspondence with other writers, including Boris Pasternak, Rainer Maria Rilke, the Czech poet Anna Tesková, the critics D. S. Mirsky and Aleksandr Bakhrakh, and the Georgian émigré princess Salomea Andronikova, who became her main source of financial support. Her poetry and critical prose of the time, including her autobiographical prose works of 1934–7, is of lasting literary importance. "Consumed by the daily round", resenting the domesticity that left her no time for solitude or writing, her émigré milieu regarded Tsvetaeva as a crude sort who ignored social graces. Describing her misery, she wrote to Tesková "In Paris, with rare personal exceptions, everyone hates me, they write all sorts of nasty things, leave me out in all sorts of nasty ways, and so on". To Pasternak she complained "They don't like poetry and what am I apart from that, not poetry but that from which it is made. [I am] an inhospitable hostess. A young woman in an old dress."She began to look back at even the Prague times with nostalgia and resent her exiled state more deeply. Meanwhile, <mask>'s husband was developing Soviet sympathies and was homesick for Russia. Eventually, he began working for the NKVD, the forerunner of the KGB. Alya shared his views, and increasingly turned against her mother. In 1937, she returned to the Soviet Union. Later that year, Efron too had to return to the USSR. The French


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 police had implicated him in the murder of the former Soviet defector Ignace Reiss in September 1937, on a country lane near Lausanne, Switzerland.After Efron's escape, the police interrogated Tsvetaeva, but she seemed confused by their questions and ended up reading them some French translations of her poetry. The police concluded that she was deranged and knew nothing of the murder. Later it was learned that Efron possibly had also taken part in the assassination of Trotsky's son in 1936. Tsvetaeva does not seem to have known that her husband was a spy, nor the extent to which he was compromised. However, she was held responsible for his actions and was ostracised in Paris because of the implication that he was involved with the NKVD. World War II had made Europe as unsafe and hostile as the USSR. In 1939, she became lonely and alarmed by the rise of fascism, which she attacked in Stikhi k Chekhii ("Verses to Czechia" 1938–39).Last years: Return to the Soviet Union

In 1939, she and her son returned to Moscow, unaware of the reception she would receive. In Stalin's USSR, anyone who had lived abroad was suspect, as was anyone who had been among the intelligentsia before the Revolution. <mask>'s sister had been arrested before Tsvetaeva's return; although Anastasia survived the Stalin years, the sisters never saw each other again. Tsvetaeva found that all doors had closed to her. She got bits of work translating poetry, but otherwise the established Soviet writers refused to help her, and chose to ignore her plight; Nikolai


texts: Aseev, whom she had hoped would assist, shied away, fearful for his life and position. Efron and Alya were arrested on espionage charges in 1941, Efron was sentenced to death. Alya's fiancé was actually an NKVD agent who had been assigned to spy on the family.Efron was shot in 1941; Alya served over eight years in prison. Both were exonerated after Stalin's death. In 1941, Tsvetaeva and her son were evacuated to Yelabuga (Elabuga), while most families of the Union of Soviet Writers were evacuated to Chistopol. Tsvetaeva had no means of support in Yelabuga, and on 24 August 1941 she left for Chistopol desperately seeking a job. On 26 August, <mask>va and poet Valentin Parnakh applied to the Soviet of Literature Fund asking for a job at the LitFund's canteen. Parnakh was accepted as a doorman, while Tsvetaeva's application for a permission to live in Chistopol was turned down and she had to return to Yelabuga on 28 August. On 31 August 1941, while living in Yelabuga, Tsvetaeva hanged herself.She left a note for her son Mur: "Forgive me, but to go on would be worse. I am gravely ill, this is not me anymore. I love you passionately. Do understand that I could not live anymore. Tell Papa and Alya, if you ever see them, that I loved them to the last moment and explain to them that I found myself in a trap." <mask> was buried in Yelabuga cemetery on 2 September 1941, but the exact location of her grave remains unknown. Her son Georgy volunteered for the Eastern Front of World War II and died in battle in 1944.Her daughter Ariadna spent

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 16 years in Soviet prison camps and exile and was released in 1955. Ariadna wrote a memoir of her family; an English-language edition was published in 2009. She died in 1975. In the town of Yelabuga, the Tsvetaeva house is now a museum and a monument stands to her. The apartment in Moscow where she lived from 1914 to 1922 is now a house-museum. Much of her poetry was republished in the Soviet Union after 1961, and her passionate, articulate and precise work, with its daring linguistic experimentation, brought her increasing recognition as a major poet. A minor planet, 3511 Tsvetaeva, discovered in 1982 by Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Karachkina, is named after her.In 1989, in Gdynia, Poland, a special-purpose ship was built for the Russian Academy of Sciences and named <mask>va in her honor. From 2007, the ship served as a tourist vessel to the polar regions for Aurora Expeditions. In 2011, she was renamed  and is currently operated by Oceanwide Expeditions as a tourist vessel in the polar regions. Work

Tsvetaeva's poetry was admired by poets such as Valery Bryusov, Maximilian Voloshin, Osip Mandelstam, Boris Pasternak, Rainer Maria Rilke, and Anna Akhmatova. Later, that recognition was also expressed by the poet Joseph Brodsky, pre-eminent among Tsvetaeva's champions. Tsvetaeva was primarily a lyrical poet, and her lyrical voice remains clearly audible in her narrative poetry. Brodsky said of her work: "Represented on a graph, Tsvetaeva's work would exhibit a curve – or rather, a straight line – rising at almost a right angle


texts: because of her constant effort to raise the pitch a note higher, an idea higher (or, more precisely, an octave and a faith higher.)She always carried everything she has to say to its conceivable and expressible end. In both her poetry and her prose, nothing remains hanging or leaves a feeling of ambivalence. Tsvetaeva is the unique case in which the paramount spiritual experience of an epoch (for us, the sense of ambivalence, of contradictoriness in the nature of human existence) served not as the object of expression but as its means, by which it was transformed into the material of art." Critic Annie Finch describes the engaging, heart-felt nature of the work. "Tsvetaeva is such a warm poet, so unbridled in her passion, so completely vulnerable in her love poetry, whether to her female lover Sofie Parnak, to Boris Pasternak. [...] Tsvetaeva throws her poetic brilliance on the altar of her heart’s experience with the faith of a true romantic, a priestess of lived emotion. And she stayed true to that faith to the tragic end of her life.Tsvetaeva's lyric poems fill ten collections; the uncollected lyrics would add at least another volume. Her first two collections indicate their subject matter in their titles: Evening Album (Vecherniy albom, 1910) and The Magic Lantern (Volshebnyi fonar, 1912). The poems are vignettes of a tranquil childhood and youth in a professorial, middle-class home in Moscow, and display considerable grasp of the formal elements of style. The full range of Tsvetaeva's talent developed quickly, and was


texts: undoubtedly influenced by the contacts she had made at Koktebel, and was made evident in two new collections: Mileposts (Versty, 1921) and Mileposts: Book One (Versty, Vypusk I, 1922). Three elements of Tsvetaeva's mature style emerge in the Mileposts collections. First, Tsvetaeva dates her poems and publishes them chronologically. The poems in Mileposts: Book One, for example, were written in 1916 and resolve themselves as a versified journal.Secondly, there are cycles of poems which fall into a regular chronological sequence among the single poems, evidence that certain themes demanded further expression and development. One cycle announces the theme of Mileposts: Book One as a whole: the "Poems of Moscow." Two other cycles are dedicated to poets, the "Poems to Akhmatova" and the "Poems to Blok", which again reappear in a separate volume, Poems to Blok (Stikhi k Bloku, 1922). Thirdly, the Mileposts collections demonstrate the dramatic quality of Tsvetaeva's work, and her ability to assume the guise of multiple dramatis personae within them. The collection Separation (Razluka, 1922) was to contain Tsvetaeva's first long verse narrative, "On a Red Steed" ("Na krasnom kone"). The poem is a prologue to three more verse-narratives written between 1920 and 1922. All four narrative poems draw on folkloric plots.Tsvetaeva acknowledges her sources in the titles of the very long works, The Maiden Tsar: A Fairy-tale Poem (Tsar-devitsa: Poema-skazka, 1922) and "The Swain", subtitled "A Fairytale" ("Molodets: skazka", 1924). The fourth


texts:
 folklore-style poem is "Byways" ("Pereulochki", published in 1923 in the collection Remeslo), and it is the first poem which may be deemed incomprehensible in that it is fundamentally a soundscape of language. The collection Psyche (Psikheya, 1923) contains one of Tsvetaeva's best-known cycles "Insomnia" (Bessonnitsa) and the poem The Swans' Encampment (Lebedinyi stan, Stikhi 1917–1921, published in 1957) which celebrates the White Army. The topic of hell
Tsvetaeva was so infatuated by the subject that she was looking for the topic in other poets writings and even used their lines as a base for her narrative, for example:

Emigrant
Subsequently, as an émigré, Tsvetaeva's last two collections of lyrics were published by émigré presses, Craft (Remeslo, 1923) in Berlin and After Russia (Posle Rossii, 1928) in Paris. There then followed the twenty-three lyrical "Berlin" poems, the pantheistic "Trees" ("Derev'ya"), "Wires" ("Provoda") and "Pairs" ("Dvoe"), and the tragic "Poets" ("Poety"). "After Russia" contains the poem "In Praise of the Rich", in which Tsvetaeva's oppositional tone is merged with her proclivity for ruthless satire. Eschatological topics
In 1924, Tsvetaeva wrote "Poem of the End", which details a walk around Prague and across its bridges; the walk is about the final walk she will take with her lover Konstantin Rodzevich.In it, everything is foretold: in the first few lines (translated by Elaine Feinstein), the future is already written:

A single post, a point of rusting
tin in the sky
marks the fated place we
move


texts:
 to, he and I

Again, further poems foretell future developments. Principal among these is the voice of the classically oriented Tsvetaeva heard in cycles "The Sibyl", "Phaedra", and "Ariadne". Tsvetaeva's beloved, ill-starred heroines recur in two verse plays, Theseus-Ariadne (Tezei-Ariadna, 1927) and Phaedra (Fedra, 1928). These plays form the first two parts of an incomplete trilogy Aphrodite's Rage. Satire
The satirist in Tsvetaeva plays second fiddle only to the poet-lyricist. Several satirical poems, moreover, are among Tsvetaeva's best-known works: "The Train of Life" ("Poezd zhizni") and "The Floorcleaners' Song" ("Poloterskaya"), both included in After Russia, and The Ratcatcher (Krysolov, 1925–1926), a long, folkloric narrative. The target of Tsvetaeva's satire is everything petty and petty bourgeois.Unleashed against such dull creature comforts is the vengeful, unearthly energy of workers both manual and creative. In her notebook, Tsvetaeva writes of "The Floorcleaners' Song": "Overall movement: the floorcleaners ferret out a house's hidden things, they scrub a fire into the door... What do they flush out? Coziness, warmth, tidiness, order... Smells: incense, piety. Bygones. Yesterday... The growing force of their threat is far stronger than the climax."The Ratcatcher poem, which Tsvetaeva describes as a lyrical satire, is loosely based on the legend of the Pied Piper of Hamelin. The Ratcatcher, which is also known as The Pied Piper, is considered by some to be the finest of <mask>'s work. It was also partially an act


texts:
 of homage to Heinrich Heine's poem Die Wanderratten. The Ratcatcher appeared initially, in serial format, in the émigré journal  in 1925–1926 whilst still being written. It was not to appear in the Soviet Union until after the death of Joseph Stalin in 1956. Its hero is the Pied Piper of Hamelin who saves a town from hordes of rats and then leads the town's children away too, in retribution for the citizens' ingratitude. As in the other folkloric narratives, The Ratcatcher's story line emerges indirectly through numerous speaking voices which shift from invective, to extended lyrical flights, to pathos.Tsvetaeva's last ten years of exile, from 1928 when "After Russia" appeared until her return in 1939 to the Soviet Union, were principally a "prose decade", though this would almost certainly be by dint of economic necessity rather than one of choice. Translators
Translators of Tsvetaeva's work into English include Elaine Feinstein and David McDuff. Nina Kossman translated many of Tsvetaeva's long (narrative) poems, as well as her lyrical poems; they are collected in three books, Poem of the End (bilingual edition published by Ardis in 1998, by Overlook in 2004, and by Shearsman Books in 2021), In the Inmost Hour of the Soul (Humana Press, 1989), and Other Shepherds (Poets & Traitors Press, 2020). Robin Kemball translated the cycle The Demesne of the Swans, published as a separate (bilingual) book by Ardis in 1980. J. Marin King translated a great deal of Tsvetaeva's prose into English, compiled in a book called A Captive Spirit.


texts:
 Tsvetaeva scholar Angela Livingstone has translated a number of Tsvetaeva's essays on art and writing, compiled in a book called Art in the Light of Conscience. Livingstone's translation of Tsvetaeva's "The Ratcatcher" was published as a separate book.Mary Jane White has translated the early cycle "Miles" in a book called "Starry Sky to Starry Sky", as well as Tsvetaeva's elegy for Rilke, "New Year's", (Adastra Press 16 Reservation Road, Easthampton, MA 01027 USA) and "Poem of the End" (The Hudson Review, Winter 2009; and in the anthology Poets Translate Poets, Syracuse U. Press 2013) and "Poem of the Hill", (New England Review, Summer 2008) and Tsvetaeva's 1914–1915 cycle of love poems to Sophia Parnok. In 2002, Yale University Press published Jamey Gambrell's translation of post-revolutionary prose, entitled Earthly Signs: Moscow Diaries, 1917–1922, with notes on poetic and linguistic aspects of Tsvetaeva's prose, and endnotes for the text itself. Cultural influence
 2017: Zerkalo ("Mirror"), American magazine in MN for the Russian-speaking readers. It was a special publication to the 125th Anniversary of the Russian poet <mask>va, where the article "<mask> Tsvetaeva in America" was written by Dr. Uli Zislin, the founder and director of the Washington Museum of Russian Poetry and Music, Sep/Oct 2017. Music and songs
The Soviet composer Dmitri Shostakovich set six of Tsvetaeva's poems to music. Later the Russian-Tatar composer Sofia Gubaidulina wrote an Hommage à <mask> featuring her poems.Her poem "Mne Nravitsya..." ("I like

masks:
Marina Tae
Marina
Marina Tsayeva


texts:
 that..."), was performed by Alla Pugacheva in the film The Irony of Fate. In 2003, the opera Marina: A Captive Spirit, based on Tsvetaeva's life and work, premiered from American Opera Projects in New York with music by Deborah Drattell and libretto by poet Annie Finch. The production was directed by Anne Bogart and the part of Tsvetaeva was sung by Lauren Flanigan. The poetry by Tsvetaeva was set to music and frequently performed as songs by Elena Frolova, Larisa Novoseltseva, Zlata Razdolina and other Russian bards. In 2019, American composer Mark Abel wrote Four Poems of <mask>va, the first classical song cycle of the poet in an English translation. Soprano Hila Plitmann recorded the piece for Abel’s album The Cave of Wondrous Voice. Tribute
On 8 October 2015, Google Doodle commemorated her 123rd birthday.Translations into English

 Selected Poems, trans. Elaine Feinstein. (Oxford University Press, 1971; 2nd ed., 1981; 3rd ed., 1986; 4th ed., 1993; 5th ed., 1999; 6th ed. 2009 as Bride of Ice: New Selected Poems)
 The Demesne of the Swans, trans. Robin Kemball (bilingual edition, Ardis, 1980) ISBN 978-0882334936
<mask>: Selected Poems, trans. David McDuff. (Bloodaxe Books, 1987)
"Starry Sky to Starry Sky (Miles)", trans.Mary Jane White. (Holy Cow! Press, 1988),  (paper) and  (cloth)
In the Inmost Hour of the Soul: Poems by <mask> , trans. Nina Kossman (Humana Press, 1989)
Black Earth, trans. Elaine Feinstein (The Delos Press and The Menard Press, 1992) ISBN I-874320-00-4 and ISBN I-874320-05-5 (signed ed.) "After Russia",

masks:
Marina Tae
Marina Tsvetayeva
Marina Tsayeva


texts:
 trans. Michael Nayden (Ardis, 1992).A Captive Spirit: Selected Prose, trans. J. Marin King (Vintage Books, 1994)
Poem of the End: Selected Narrative and Lyrical Poems , trans. Nina Kossman (Ardis / Overlook, 1998, 2004)  ; Poem of the End: Six Narrative Poems, trans. Nina Kossman (Shearsman Books, 2021) ISBN 978-1-84861-778-0)
The Ratcatcher: A Lyrical Satire, trans. Angela Livingstone (Northwestern University, 2000)
Letters: Summer 1926 (Boris Pasternak, <mask>, Rainer Maria Rilke) (New York Review Books, 2001)
 Earthly Signs: Moscow Diaries, 1917–1922, ed. & trans. Jamey Gambrell (Yale University Press, 2002)
Phaedra: a drama in verse; with New Year's Letter and other long poems, trans.Angela Livingstone (Angel Classics, 2012)
"To You – in 10 Decades", trans. by Alexander Givental and Elysee Wilson-Egolf (Sumizdat 2012)
Moscow in the Plague Year, translated by Christopher Whyte (180 poems written between November 1918 and May 1920) (Archipelago Press, New York, 2014), 268pp,
Milestones (1922), translated by Christopher Whyte (Bristol, Shearsman Books, 2015), 122p,
After Russia: The First Notebook, translated by Christopher Whyte (Bristol, Shearsman Books, 2017), 141 pp, {{ISBN|978}} 1 84861 549 6
After Russia: The Second Notebook, translated by Christopher Whyte (Bristol, Shearsman Books, 2018) 121 pp, {{ISBN|978}} 1 84861 551 9
"Poem of the End" in "From A Terrace in Prague, A Prague Poetry Anthology", trans. Mary Jane White, ed. Stephan Delbos (Univerzita Karlova v Praze, 2011)

Further reading
 Schweitzer, Viktoria


texts:
 Tsvetaeva (1993)
 Mandelstam, Nadezhda Hope Against Hope
 Mandelstam, Nadezhda Hope Abandoned
 Pasternak, Boris An Essay in Autobiography

References

External links

. One of the most famous Tsvetaeva's poem performed by Alla Pugacheva. Another version.
. Dramatic reading in English with artistic video.Includes download link. "<mask>va, Poet of the extreme" by Belinda Cooke from South magazine #31, April 2005. Republished online in the Poetry Library's Poetry Magazines site. A small site dedicated to Tsvetaeva
 Poetic translations into English
 <mask>va biography at Carcanet Press, English language publisher of Tsvetaeva's Bride of Ice and <mask>va: Selected Poems, translated by Elaine Feinstein. Heritage of <mask>, a resource in English with a more extensive version in Russian. Тоска по родине / Nostalgia and four more poems from the book "To You – in 10 Decades", translated by Alexander Givental and Elysee Wilson-Egolf and provided by Sumizdat, the publisher. "She Means It When She Rhymes: <mask>va: Selected Poems."Review from Thumbscrew #17, Winter 2000/1, of works translated by Elaine Feinstein. The Poems by <mask>va

1892 births
1941 suicides
20th-century Russian women writers
Poets of the Russian Empire
Soviet emigrants to Germany
German emigrants to Czechoslovakia
Diarists of the Russian Empire
Women poets of the Russian Empire
Suicides by hanging in the Soviet Union
University of Paris alumni
Women diarists
Writers from Moscow
LGBT poets from Russia
20th-century Russian poets
20th-century Russian diarists
Soviet

masks:
Marina Tsae
Marina Tsae
Marina Tae
Marina Tayeva
Marina Tsae
Marina Tsae


texts:
<mask> (born January 7, 1986) is an American former professional basketball player. He played for Oklahoma State University from 2004 to 2007, and after forgoing his senior season, left for the 2007 NBA draft. He was selected in the second round as the 51st overall pick by the Chicago Bulls. After stints in the NBA Development League and Europe, <mask> made his NBA debut in January 2010, playing 3.9 seconds for the Los Angeles Clippers. It was <mask>'s only NBA regular-season appearance and set a record for the shortest NBA career of all time per in-game time spent on the court. High school career
<mask> was born in Pleasant Grove, North Carolina to father Leon and mother <mask>. He attended Eastern Alamance High School, in Mebane, North Carolina; in his freshman season, <mask> scored a total of 639 points, which at the time was the highest mark for a freshman in North Carolina high school history: the record was then beaten by Junior Robinson in 2011.In 2001, <mask> scored 59 points in a game against Chatham High School of Chatham, Virginia. <mask> established another single-season scoring record the following year, scoring a total of 892 points, beating the old sophomore record established by Scooter Sherrill in 1998. In his junior year, <mask> scored 972 points, another North Carolina record, beating the mark of 954 that Lawrence Clayton had established in 1958. He averaged 40.2 points, 7.3 rebounds, and 6.0 assists per game as a senior and was a two-time Associated Press All-State first team selection. On December 9, 2003 <mask> scored 47 points and added 9 rebounds, 9 assists and 9 steals, thus recording a near-quadruple double. On January 19, 2004 <mask> scored 65 points against Western Alamance High School, 2 shy of the all-time North Carolina record of 67 established in 1950 by Bob Poole.

masks:
Jameson Curry
Curry
Curry
Curry
Connie Curry
Curry
Curry
Curry
Curry
Curry
Curry


texts:
 During that game he shot 25/39 from the field (9/16 on three-pointers), and also recorded 11 rebounds.<mask> set the all-time North Carolina high school scoring record with 3,307 points, which was surpassed in 2018 by UNC recruit Coby White with 3,573 points. In his high school <mask> had 74 points where he scored at least 20 points (28 of them in his junior year), 44 30+ point games, and 16 games with 40 points or more. College career
<mask> initially signed a National Letter of Intent to play for North Carolina, but his scholarship was rescinded following pleading guilty to drug charges and signed with Oklahoma State. <mask> scored an OSU freshman all-time NCAA Tournament-best 18 points in the 2005 second-round game against Southern Illinois on March 20, 2005. He helped Oklahoma State to a 26–7 record, the Big 12 Tournament crown and the 2005 NCAA Sweet Sixteen as a freshman in 2004–05; he started 15 of 33 games played and averaged 9.4 ppg. and 2.8 apg. and averaged 14.3 ppg.in three 2005 NCAA games. He finished the season ranked ninth among Big 12 leaders in conference games for 3-point field goals made (1.75 per game). He scored 22 points on 8-for-11 shooting, in his first start versus Colorado on January 30, 2005. He made six three-pointers out of 8 attempts, including 5-for-5 in the second half, in which he scored 17 of his 22. He matched his career-high 22 points in a 79–67 victory over Oklahoma on February 7, 2005. In his freshman season, <mask> scored in double digits in 15 games, including twice over 20 points. Highlights of his sophomore season include a career-high 30 points in a 97–61 victory over Mercer on December 18, 2005, and a 22-point, nine-rebound effort in an 81–60 win over Texas on February 19, 2006.He recorded a double-double, scoring 16 points and making a career-high 10

masks: Curry Curry Curry Curry Curry


texts:
 assists in a 90–56 win over Detroit on November 22, 2005, and matched that assists total against Gonzaga in a 64–62 loss on December 10, 2005. In his junior season, on November 29, 2006, <mask> scored a career-high 35 points (on 12-for-19 shooting) to go along with a season-high 9 assists with no turnovers in a 95–73 win over Texas A&M-Corpus Christi. On January 16, 2007, <mask> scored 28 points and grabbed a season-high 9 rebounds in 52 minutes played in a 105–103 triple-overtime win over Texas. On March 3, 2007, <mask> scored a new career-high 40 points, including a career-high 7 three-pointers out of ten attempts, in an 86–82 loss to Baylor. Professional career
The Chicago Bulls selected <mask> with the 51st overall pick of the 2007 NBA draft. On August 2, 2007, the Bulls announced that <mask> had signed a contract and would wear number 20. Per team policy, terms of the contracts were not disclosed.On July 31, 2008, the Bulls waived <mask>. By releasing him, the Bulls were only obligated to pay $100,000 of his partially guaranteed salary for 2008–09. In August 2008, he was signed by Pau-Orthez of the French league, but was waived in October after failing to impress coaching staff. He later joined Proteas EKA AEL, a Cypriot team in Limassol. On January 22, 2010, <mask> was signed by the Los Angeles Clippers from the Springfield Armor, for whom he had been averaging 16.1 points, 7.5 assists and 4.0 rebounds. He was released by the Clippers on January 26, when the team acquired Bobby Brown. He was subbed into a game on January 24, 2010, playing just 3.9 seconds.This was the only time <mask> would ever play in an NBA game, and is the shortest NBA career in terms of time played. NBA D-League career
The Bulls assigned <mask> to their NBA Development League affiliate Iowa Energy on November 15, 2007,

masks: Curry Curry Curry Curry Curry Curry Curry Curry Curry


texts:
 then recalled him to the NBA on December 17 but soon after reassigned him to Iowa on January 7, 2008. He was recalled later that month. <mask> played 13 games as a starter for Iowa during the 2007–08 season, averaging 20.2 points, 3.2 rebounds, 5.6 assists, 1.08 steals and 39.7 minutes per game. He also shot .463 from the floor, including .377 from three-point range, and .719 from the free throw line. <mask> was selected 14th overall in the 2009 NBA D-League Draft by the expansion Springfield Armor on November 5. It was their first-ever pick.<mask> was selected to play in the 2012 NBA D-League All-Star Game in Orlando. On November 1, 2013, he was re-acquired by the Springfield Armor. On January 2, 2014, he was traded to the Bakersfield Jam. On March 19, 2014, he was waived by the Jam due to a season-ending injury. He lives in Enid, Oklahoma. Legal issues
In February 2004, <mask> was among 49 students arrested in a drug raid that involved North Carolina's Alamance County school system. He was charged with two counts of possession with intent to sell and deliver marijuana, two counts of sale and delivery of marijuana, and two counts of sale, possession, and delivery of a controlled substance on school grounds.<mask> pleaded guilty to the drug charges, and the University of North Carolina, with whom he had signed a letter-of-intent, rescinded the scholarship to him. In the early morning of January 17, 2008, he was arrested in Boise, Idaho and pleaded guilty to resisting arrest and urinating in public. Police took him to the Ada County jail. He was released a few hours later after posting $600 bond. The Chicago Bulls suspended him one game after he pleaded guilty to the two misdemeanors. On October 20, 2014, <mask> was arrested for marijuana possession and false representation to an officer in Edmond,

masks: Curry Curry Curry Curry Curry Curry


texts:
 Oklahoma. Career statistics

NBA

Regular season

|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|L.A.Clippers
| 1 || 0 || .065 || – || – || – || .0 || .0 || .0 || .0 || .0

Personal life
<mask> was brought up on a tobacco farm in rural North Carolina in Pleasant Grove. The unusual capitalization of his first name is a mix of Leon and James, honoring his father and great-uncle, respectively. Following the end of his basketball career, <mask> moved back to his hometown, Pleasant Grove, in 2016. In April 2017, <mask> was injured in a traffic collision, flipped on a freeway while trying to retrieve his dropped mobile phone. It ended his basketball career as he dislocated his ribs and fractured his lower back that needed metal rods inserted there to stabilize it. That July, he returned to Oklahoma. Subsequently, <mask> worked several jobs, including as a trucker.His supervisor there asked <mask> to coach the YMCA basketball team. Soon after <mask>'s first coaching experience, he began leading a basketball camp at Drummond High School in Drummond, Oklahoma. Notes

External links

<mask> <mask> at ESPN.com
<mask> <mask> at CBS SportsLine.com
<mask> <mask> at Oklahoma State.com
<mask> <mask> at USA Basketball.com
"The 10 Least Consequential Athletes of the Decade" by Jon Bois, for SB Nation

1986 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in France
American expatriate basketball people in Italy
American expatriate basketball people in Venezuela
American men's basketball players
Bakersfield Jam players
Basketball players from North Carolina
Chicago Bulls draft picks
Élan Béarnais players
Iowa Energy players
Los Angeles Clippers players
Oklahoma State Cowboys basketball players
People from Alamance County, North Carolina
Point guards
Springfield Armor players
People from Mebane,

masks: Curry Curry Curry Curry Curry Curry JamesOn Curry JamesOn Curry JamesOn Curry JamesOn Curry


texts:
<mask> (; 5 June 1868 – 12 May 1916) was an Irish republican, socialist and trade union leader. Born to Irish parents in the Cowgate area of Edinburgh, Scotland, <mask> left school for working life at the age of 11, and became involved in socialist politics in the 1880s. Although mainly known for his position in Irish socialist and republican politics, he also took a role in Scottish and American politics. He was a member of the Industrial Workers of the World and founder of the Irish Socialist Republican Party. With <mask>, he was centrally involved in the Dublin lock-out of 1913, as a result of which the two men formed the Irish Citizen Army (ICA) that year; they also founded the Irish Labour Party along with William O'Brien. <mask> was the long term right-hand man to Larkin in the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union (ITGWU) until taking over leadership of both the union and its military wing the ICA upon Larkin's departure for the United States, then leading both until his death. He opposed British rule in Ireland, and was one of the leaders of the Easter Rising of 1916, commanding the Irish Citizen Army throughout.Following the defeat of the Easter Rising and the arrest of the majority of its leaders he was taken to Kilmainham Gaol and executed by firing squad for his part in its proceedings. Early life
<mask> was born in an Edinburgh slum in 1868, the third son of Irish parents <mask> and Mary McGinn. His parents had moved to Scotland from County Monaghan, Ireland, and settled in the Cowgate, a ghetto

masks:
James Connolly
Connolly
James Larkin
Connolly
Connolly
John Connolly


texts: where thousands of Irish people lived. He spoke with a Scottish accent throughout his life. He was born in St Patrick's Roman Catholic parish, in the Cowgate district of Edinburgh known as "Little Ireland". His father and grandfathers were labourers. He had an education up to the age of about ten in the local Catholic primary school.He left and worked in labouring jobs. Owing to the economic difficulties he was having, like his eldest brother John, he joined the British Army. He enlisted at age 14, falsifying his age and giving his name as Reid, as his brother John had done. He served in Ireland with the 2nd Battalion of the Royal Scots Regiment for nearly seven years, during a turbulent period in rural areas known as the Land War. He would later become involved in the land issue. He developed a deep hatred for the British Army that lasted his entire life. When he heard that his regiment was being transferred to India, he deserted.<mask> had another reason for not wanting to go to India; a young woman by the name of Lillie Reynolds. Lillie moved to Scotland with <mask> after he left the army and they married in April 1890. They settled in Edinburgh. There, <mask> began to get involved in the Scottish Socialist Federation, but with a young family to support, he needed a way to provide for them. He briefly established a cobbler's shop in 1895, but this failed after a few months as his shoe-mending skills were insufficient. He was strongly active with the socialist movement at the time, and prioritised this over his

masks: Connolly James Connolly


texts:
 cobbling. Socialist involvement

In the 1880s, <mask> became influenced by Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx and would later advocate a type of socialism that was based in Marxist theory.<mask> described himself as a socialist, while acknowledging the influence of Marx. He is credited with setting the groundwork for Christian socialism in Ireland. He became secretary of the Scottish Socialist Federation. At the time his brother John was secretary; after John spoke at a rally in favour of the eight-hour day, however, he was fired from his job with the Edinburgh Corporation, so while he looked for work, <mask> took over as secretary. During this time, <mask> became involved with the Independent Labour Party which Keir Hardie had formed in 1893. At some time during this period, he took up the study of, and advocated the use of, the neutral international language, Esperanto. A short story, called The Agitator’s Wife, which appeared in the Labour Prophet, a short lived Christian Socialist journal, has been attributed to <mask>.His interest in Esperanto is implicit in his 1898 article "The Language Movement", which primarily attempts to promote socialism to the nationalist revolutionaries involved in the Gaelic Revival. By 1893 he was involved in the Scottish Socialist Federation, acting as its secretary from 1895. Two months after the birth of his third daughter, word came to <mask> that the Dublin Socialist Club was looking for a full-time secretary, a job that offered a salary of a pound a week. <mask> and his family

masks: Connolly Connolly James Connolly Connolly Connolly Connolly


texts: moved to Dublin, where he took up the position. At his instigation, the club quickly evolved into the Irish Socialist Republican Party (ISRP). The ISRP is regarded by many Irish historians as a party of pivotal importance in the early history of Irish socialism and republicanism. While active as a socialist in Great Britain, <mask> was the founding editor of The Socialist newspaper and was among the founders of the Socialist Labour Party which split from the Social Democratic Federation in 1903.<mask> joined Maud Gonne and Arthur Griffith in the Dublin protests against the Boer War. A combination of frustration with the progress of the ISRP and economic necessity caused him to emigrate to the United States in September 1903, with no plans as to what he would do there. While in America he was a member of the Socialist Labor Party of America (1906), the Socialist Party of America (1909) and the Industrial Workers of the World, and founded the Irish Socialist Federation in New York, 1907. He became the editor of the Free Press, a socialist weekly newspaper that was published in New Castle, Lawrence county, Pennsylvania from 25 July 1908 and discontinued in 1913. He famously had a chapter of his 1910 book Labour in Irish History entitled "A chapter of horrors: Daniel O’Connell and the working class." critical of the achiever of Catholic Emancipation 60 years earlier. On <mask>'s return to Ireland in 1910 he was right-hand man to <mask> in the Irish Transport and General Workers Union.He stood twice for the Wood Quay

masks:
Connolly
Connolly
Connolly
James Larkin


texts:
 ward of Dublin Corporation but was unsuccessful. His name, and those of his family, appears in the 1911 Census of Ireland - his occupation is listed as "National Organiser Socialist Party". In 1913, in response to the Lockout, he, along with <mask> and an ex-British officer, Jack White, founded the Irish Citizen Army (ICA), an armed and well-trained body of labour men whose aim was to defend workers and strikers, particularly from the frequent brutality of the Dublin Metropolitan Police. Though they only numbered about 250 at most, their goal soon became the establishment of an independent and socialist Irish nation. With Larkin and William O'Brien, <mask> also founded the Irish Labour Party as the political wing of the Irish Trades Union Congress in 1912 and was a member of its National Executive. He was editor of The Irish Worker which was suppressed under the Defence of the Realm Act 1914. Around this time he met Winifred Carney in Belfast, who became his secretary and would later accompany him during the Easter Rising.Like Vladimir Lenin, <mask> opposed the First World War explicitly from a socialist perspective. Rejecting the Redmondite position, he declared "I know of no foreign enemy of this country except the British Government." Easter Rising
<mask> and the ICA made plans for an armed uprising during the war, independently of the Irish Volunteers. In early 1916, believing the Volunteers were dithering, he attempted to goad them into action by threatening to send the ICA against the British Empire alone,

masks:
James Larkin
Connolly
Connolly
Connolly


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 if necessary. This alarmed the members of the Irish Republican Brotherhood, who had already infiltrated the Volunteers and had plans for an insurrection that very year. In order to talk <mask> out of any such rash action, the IRB leaders, including Tom Clarke and Patrick Pearse, met with <mask> to see if an agreement could be reached. During the meeting, the IRB and the ICA agreed to act together at Easter of that year.During the Easter Rising, beginning on 24 April 1916, <mask> was Commandant of the Dublin Brigade. As the Dublin Brigade had the most substantial role in the rising, he was de facto commander-in-chief. <mask>'s leadership in the Easter rising was considered formidable. Michael Collins said of <mask> that he "would have followed him through hell." Following the surrender, he said to other prisoners: "Don't worry. Those of us that signed the proclamation will be shot. But the rest of you will be set free."Death

<mask> was not actually held in gaol, but in a room (now called the "Connolly Room") at the State Apartments in Dublin Castle, which had been converted to a first-aid station for troops recovering from the war. <mask> was sentenced to death by firing squad for his part in the rising. On 12 May 1916, he was taken by military ambulance to Royal Hospital Kilmainham, across the road from Kilmainham Gaol, and from there taken to the gaol, where he was to be executed. While <mask> was still in hospital in Dublin Castle, during a visit from his wife and daughter, he said: "The Socialists will not

masks: Connolly Connolly Connolly Connolly Connolly Connolly Connolly Connolly


texts: understand why I am here; they forget I am an Irishman." <mask> had been so badly injured from the fighting (a doctor had already said he had no more than a day or two to live, but the execution order was still given) that he was unable to stand before the firing squad; he was carried to a prison courtyard on a stretcher. His absolution and last rites were administered by a Capuchin, Father Aloysius Travers. Asked to pray for the soldiers about to shoot him, he said: "I will say a prayer for all men who do their duty according to their lights."Instead of being marched to the same spot where the others had been executed, at the far end of the execution yard, he was tied to a chair and then shot. His body (along with those of the other leaders) was put in a mass grave without a coffin. The executions of the rebel leaders deeply angered the majority of the Irish population, most of whom had shown no support during the rebellion. It was <mask>'s execution that caused the most controversy. Historians have pointed to the manner of execution of <mask> and similar rebels, along with their actions, as being factors that caused public awareness of their desires and goals and gathered support for the movements that they had died fighting for. The executions were not well received, even throughout Britain, and drew unwanted attention from the United States, which the British Government was seeking to bring into the war in Europe. H. H. Asquith, the Prime Minister, ordered that no more executions were to take place; an

masks: Connolly Connolly Connolly


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 exception being that of Roger Casement, who was charged with high treason and had not yet been tried.Although he abandoned religious practice in the 1890s, he turned back to Roman Catholicism in the days before his execution. Family
<mask> and his wife Lillie had seven children. Nora became an influential writer and campaigner within the Irish-republican movement as an adult. Roddy continued his father's politics. In later years, both became members of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament). Moira became a doctor and married Richard Beech. One of <mask>'s daughters Mona died in 1904 aged 13, when she burned herself while she did the washing for an aunt.Three months after <mask>'s execution his wife was received into the Catholic Church, at Church St. on 15 August. Legacy

<mask>'s legacy in Ireland is mainly due to his contribution to the republican cause; his legacy as a socialist has been claimed by a variety of left-wing and left-republican groups, and he is also associated with the Labour Party which he founded. <mask> was among the few European members of the Second International who opposed, outright, World War I. This put him at odds with most of the socialist leaders of Europe. He was influenced by and heavily involved with the radical Industrial Workers of the World labour union, and envisaged socialism as Industrial Union control of production. Also he envisioned the IWW forming their own political party that would bring together the feuding socialist groups such as the Socialist Labor Party of America and

masks:
James Connolly
Connolly
James Connolly
Connolly
Connolly