texts:
 against average, as Chicago won its first Stanley Cup in franchise history. During the Stanley Cup parade, Chicago defenseman Roger Jenkins carted <mask> in a wheelbarrow around Chicago's business district after a pre-playoff bet. Illness and death
During the 1932–33 season <mask> began to develop a tonsil infection that drained his strength. While he initially kept the infection private, <mask> made his condition public on December 23, 1932.Even though he was ill, <mask> played the next night in Toronto. Though his fifty-five saves were the deciding factor in the Black Hawks win and his performance was so good that both league President Frank Calder and Maple Leafs star forward <mask> praised him, he was so sick he would collapse on the dressing room floor in between periods with a fever of over 100 degrees Fahrenheit; after the game <mask> was rushed to a local hospital. This was the first notable symptom of <mask>'s health issues. In January 1934 the Black Hawks were on a train back to Chicago when <mask> felt an intense pain in his throat that spread to the rest of his body, notably his kidneys. When questioned by Tommy Gorman about his issue, <mask> lied to Gorman and insisted it was only a minor headache. However, when <mask> woke up on the train in the morning, he had trouble seeing, as black spots obscured his vision. This was <mask>'s first uremic convulsion.<mask>'s health continued to be an issue throughout the 1934 NHL playoffs. On March 29, 1934 in a playoff game against the Montreal Maroons <mask> had a shutout as the Black Hawks won 3–0; though he was named first star as the best player of the game, <mask> was in extreme pain during the entire game with a fever of 102 Fahrenheit and was attended to by a doctor in the dressing room during intermissions. Playing with a tonsillar infection for most of the season, <mask> was often slumped over his crossbar during breaks in games, nearly blacking out. After leaving for a singing lesson on June

masks:
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Charlie Conacher
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner


type: original

texts:
 10, 1934, <mask>, a baritone, collapsed. He went into a coma, from which he never woke. <mask> died on June 13, 1934, from a brain hemorrhage brought on by the infection. In a Montreal Gazette story about <mask>'s untimely death that ran on June 14, 1934, Detroit general-manager Jack Adams declared <mask> to be "a grand chap; one could not help but like him.He was undoubtedly the finest netminder in the league. What is more, he always played the game as a gentleman." <mask> was the first goaltender who caught with his right hand to win the Vezina Trophy. He is the only NHL goaltender to captain his team to a Stanley Cup victory. In 1945, <mask> became a charter member of the Hockey Hall of Fame. In 1998, he was ranked number 76 on The Hockey News' list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players. <mask> is an Honored Member of Canada's Sports Hall of Fame, Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame and Museum, and the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame.Overall, he played 316 NHL games, winning 122, with a goals against average of 2.02 goals, and 42 shutouts. In the playoffs, <mask> appeared in 21 games, with a 1.43 goals against average and five shutouts. When the Elite Ice Hockey League introduced a conference system in the 2012–13 season, one of its two conferences was named in honour of <mask>. Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

Source: Hockey Hall of Fame

Awards

NHL

See also
List of ice hockey players who died during their playing career
List of National Hockey League players born in the United Kingdom

Notes

References

External links

1904 births
1934 deaths
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Chicago Blackhawks captains
Chicago Blackhawks players
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Manitoba
Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame inductees
National Hockey League goaltender captains
Scottish emigrants to Canada
Sportspeople from Winnipeg
Stanley Cup champions
Vezina Trophy winners
Winnipeg Maroons players
Winnipeg Tigers players
Deaths by intracerebral

masks:
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Legacy Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner
Gardiner


texts:
<mask> (October 14, 1943) is an American avant-garde jazz drummer. Throughout his childhood and early career, he worked in New York City where loft jazz, bebop, and free jazz influenced him. He played and taught across Europe in the 1970s and 1980s and then returned to North America to create music that combines free jazz, martial arts, and Buddhism. He has recorded over twenty-five albums as a leader and has worked with Dave Liebman, John Handy, Billy Bang, Dr. L. Subramaniam, and Mal Waldron in a career spanning over four decades. <mask>'s album First Gathering was named one of the Best of 2015. It's the first album from his West Coast Quartet with Peter Kuhn, Kyle Motl and Drew Ceccato. His album, Reunion, was released on July 23, 2016 and is a recording of his live October 31, 2012 performance at PAX: Performing Arts Exchange in Miami, Florida.This was an improvised performance including Kidd Jordan, John McMinn, Kyle Motl, and Noah Brandmark. The Message, was released in August 2014 and is a recording of his live January 2014 radio performance on Evenin' Jazz with the Real Tracy Fields at WLRN Miami. The Message was named one of the Best of 2014 by Avant Music News. Before this, his quartet featuring John McMinn, Noah Brandmark and Kyle Motl released their second recording, Reach for the Skies a runner-up for Album of Year in 2013. Their first album, Live at PAX, was named one of the Best of 2012. In 1999 <mask>'s Ballistics of Yin and Yang, was awarded as one of the year's best jazz albums, "providing a glimmer of hope that the art form will live on into the next millennium". Biography

Early education
<mask> was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey,  and raised in the Bronx where he moved when he was six months old.His introduction to drumming began early, as his father was a band leader and drummer. <mask> started playing traditional jazz gigs in the early 1960s, typically piano/bass/drum or saxophone/organ/drum trios, which

masks:
Abbey Rader
Rader
Rader
Abbey Rader
Rader


texts:
 exposed him to a variety of musicians that subtly influenced his style. His education went beyond music into spirituality. <mask> met drummer Clarence "Scoby" Strohman while playing opposite the Marin Rivers trio. Strohman introduced <mask> to books like Light on the Path by Mabel Collins and Paramahansa Yogananda's The Autobiography of a Yogi, which helped begin <mask>'s spiritual journey. <mask> recalls an anecdote that touched his confidence as well. "My music reading skills were not very good, but Scoby had lots of faith in me.He stood behind me on the bandstand one night as I started to play acts with lots of music to read. Scoby said, "That's not a problem for you. That's nothing for you." I played remarkably well that night. I said to Scoby, "Did you see those difficult charts I read? ", and he said he couldn't read a note. So I learned something else about the spiritual power and the power of the mind."<mask> recalls that hearing John Coltrane's quartet with Elvin Jones at the Half Note Club was a moment that changed his musical expression to improvisation and searching for the union between mind, spirit, and body. Living in Europe
The free jazz in style at the time influenced <mask>. He started playing in the mid-70s loft jazz movement, which led him to create his first album as a band leader, a recording entitled The Thing. He decided that to continue to play his free style of music, moving to Europe would provide opportunities not available in the U.S. With nothing but a drum set and $500, he traveled to London and later published The Thing for Atmosphere Records while in Paris. From France, he moved to Germany, initially playing with Bob Lenox in Lenox's rock and funk pieces. His desire to continue playing free jazz brought <mask> to drumming with George Bishop in improvised duet performances. In the 1980s, he worked with alto saxophonist, John Handy; violinist, L. Subramaniam; and bassist, Sigi Busch.Handy encouraged

masks: Rader Rader Rader Rader Rader Rader Rader


texts:
 <mask> to play powerfully, asking him to play drum solos behind his saxophone as they toured Europe. Later, <mask> Hampel Big Band that included Jeanne Lee and Marion Brown. <mask>'s next lesson came from playing with Mal Waldron and Marc Levin, a NYC friend, on trumpet. As <mask> described, Mal often helped Rader put life's tribulations in perspective and encouraged him to play freely, to transform the energy he might be feeling by channeling it into his drumming. During this time, <mask> started his <mask> Rader's Right Time band. He recorded several times with this band and established record label Abray Productions. He also became a touring clinician for Sonor and Tosco (later Sabian, see: UFIP) cymbals, and taught at multiple universities in Germany.During his teaching, he frequently featured improvisational artists he worked with to teach how to improvise on music tracks a band may play. Returning to America
<mask> met his wife and raised two sons in Germany, and then moved to South Florida in 1989. In the 1990s and 2000s he recorded with David Liebman, putting out four CDs together. He then spent nearly five years with violinist Billy Bang in the Jazz Doctors. In this group, <mask> replaced recently deceased Dennis Charles; other band members included Frank Lowe on saxophone and bass player Ed Schuller. While doing a sound check for the Vision Festival in memory of Dennis Charles, <mask> had the fortune of meeting Billy Higgins. Higgins was getting the stage ready for a drum choir and encouraged <mask> to get his drum set, after which they began an impromptu drum performance.Later, <mask> recorded "One for Jazz" with Bang and Lowe in Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, NY. He spent much of his time touring the East Coast of the U.S, including Charleston, South Carolina, Atlanta, Georgia, and the Zeitgeist Art Center in New Orleans, Louisiana. Most recently, Rader has been performing with John McMinn, Noah Brandmark, Kyle Motl, and

masks: Rader Raderter Rader Rader Rader Abbey Rader Rader Rader Rader Rader


texts:
 Kidd Jordan. These experiences, and his current performances, continue to influence <mask>'s style of music. He draws on his traditional jazz roots to create a "circular feeling...[with] a lot of polyrythmn between cymbals, bass drum, and snare drum", which he employs to play with other musicians to free himself from the original way of drumming and ultimately himself. Rader has recorded and performed with Laurindo Almeida, Billy Bang, George Bishop, Marion Brown, Cameron Brown, Sigi Busch, Marty Cook, Roy Cumming, Herman Foster, Joe Gallivan, Philip Gelb, Rainer Glas, Mack Goldsbury, Gunter Hampel, John Handy, Luc Houtkamp, Leonard Jones, Kidd Jordan, Peter Kuhn, Jeanne Lee, Bob Lenox, Marc Levin, David Liebman, Frank Lowe, Keshavan Maslak, Ron McClure, Kim Mikkelson, Peck Morrison, Peter Ponzol, Ed Schuller, Ken Simon, Dr. L. Subramaniam, Mal Waldron, David Wertman, Joerg Widmoser, Leszek Zadlo, and Joe Zeytoonian. Spiritual influence
In 1975, <mask> met Reverend Sheng-yen, who would become his lifetime teacher and recurring influence in all aspects of his life.Through his Buddhist studies under Sheng-yen, <mask> received Dharma name Guo Hsing, meaning "fruit of good fortune". <mask>'s practice involved many weeklong retreats at the Temple of Enlightenment in Queens, New York, and as one of 130 on November 19, 2006 at Dharma Drum Retreat Center, both founded by Sheng-yen. His studies included Ch'an meditation that is focused on clearing the mind and embracing impermanence. <mask> incorporated these practices in his style of improvised music. As explained by <mask>, in an Avant Music News interview, "in music, if you have the technique well built...and want to improvise freely, you must empty your mind to...interplay spontaneously with the other musicians and allow the music to come through you. This to me is the correlation between the freer music and the Buddhist empty mind practice." Martial arts influence
In New York City's East

masks:
Abbey Rader
Rader
Rader
Rader
Rader
Rader


texts:
 Village in 1964, <mask> started studying Nisei Goju Ryu, an Okinawan form of Karate at the University of the Streets.His teachers were grandmaster Frank Ruiz and John Giordano. Lessons included vow making, bowing, and traditional meditation practices to focus the mind. By the early 1970s, <mask> achieved a black-belt level and started studying under Rick "The Fireman" Joslin, a frequent performer at The World of Martial Arts show put on by Aaron Banks. His training then took on a "street-style" of self-defense without the use of traditional uniforms or colored-belt achievements. In the early 2000s, Rader started practicing Qigong and Taiji under the tutelage of Wei Zhong Foo and Dororthy Chong. He then continued his studies at the International Buddhist Progress Society Temple under Robert Cheng. <mask> later took over teaching at this Temple after Cheng departed.<mask>'s next teacher was Chen Ji Fan and after years under his instruction and at his encouragement, <mask> began teaching Yang-style T'ai chi ch'uan, standing (Zhan Zhuang) meditation, and sitting meditation, starting his Fearless Mind School. <mask> states that he is inspired by these practices to enter a state of "empty mind", which allow him to embrace spontaneity in life and music. Teaching
<mask> taught the first jazz drumming course at several universities in Germany during the 1980s. His teaching concentrated on rudiments to enable students to develop the facility to independently move their hands and feet. Each class had at least two drum sets where <mask> and the students would play together, trading fours and eights, learning about song form and melodic playing. <mask> exposed students to other forms of music (like blues and his experience with jazz and lounge bands), often introducing them to saxophone or trumpet players he's worked with, to expand their musical knowledge and fidelity. He has taught at Detmold Hochschule, Musikschule Einbeck, PH Göttingen, and TU

masks: Rader Rader Rader Rader Rader Rader Rader Rader Rader


texts:
<mask> (born 12 April 1986) is an Australian professional soccer player, who last played for Rockdale City Suns in the National Premier Leagues NSW as a striker. Biography

Australian Clubs

Early in his career, <mask> was recognized for his contributions as a striker with Blacktown City Demons during which he was chosen as the NSW Premier League "Player of the Year" in 2006 and won the competition's top goal scorer award (Andreas Golden Boot Award) back-to-back in 2006 and 2007. The successful period in 2006 led to his recruitment on loan by A-League side Sydney FC for their 2005–06 season finals campaign. <mask>'s first appearance for Sydney came on 12 February 2006, as a substitute in the first leg of the semi-final against Adelaide United at Hindmarsh Stadium. Although <mask> was given a few minutes of game time during the final minutes of the first leg of the semi final against Adelaide, he remained an unused substitute for the rest of Sydney FC's campaign in which Sydney became eventual champions with their 1–0 victory over the Central Coast Mariners. <mask>'s stint at Sydney FC lead to his signing by former mentor Nick Theodorakopoulos who had just taken over charge at A-League side Newcastle Jets for the 2006–07 season. <mask>'s time at Newcastle didn't last long after Theodorakopoulos was sacked early on in the season.Following his attempt at an A-League career, <mask> returned to the NSW Premier League in 2008 with the Marconi Stallions. After a disappointing year with the Stallions, he signed with Sydney Olympic FC for the 2008 season. <mask> had previously played at Sydney Olympic FC during his youth career. In July 2009, he had trials in Turkey

masks:
Tolgay Özbey
Özbey
Özbey
Özbey
Özbey
Özbey
Özbey
Özbey


texts:
 and was signed soon after by Bursa Nilüferspor and participated in the TFF Third League (TFF 3. Lig). Following the completion of the TFF 3. Lig 2009 season in which Bursa Nilüfer S.A.Ş.finished fourth and missed the opportunity to participate in the TFF 3. Lig Promotion Group, <mask> returned to Australia to again team up with Aytek Genç and many of his old comrades from the successful 2006 and 2007 Blacktown City Demons teams to play for Blacktown City FC in the NSW Premier League 2010 season. The 2010 NSW Premier League season proved to be fruitful for <mask> at Blacktown as he won a league record, third Golden Boot award with 22 goals from 19 matches bringing his total goals scored wearing the Blacktown guernsey to 76 from 75 matches. Furthermore, <mask> was voted the 2010 NSW Premier League Player of the Year. East Bengal

Following the completion of the 2010 NSW Premier League Finals Series, <mask> joined Indian club, East Bengal FC who will be competing in the All India Football Federation (AIFF) I-League as well as the AFC Cup to which East Bengal FC qualified after defeating arch rivals Mohun Bagan AC 1–0 in the 2010 AIFF Federation Cup (India). On 26 April in the 2011 AFC Cup at Barabati Stadium in Cuttack, he gave his side lead by finding the net the 20th minute, and then scored the all important equaliser in the 93rd minute against South China AA to manage a 3–3 draw. He also scored against Prayag United in East Bengal's 2–1 win, which secured a runner-up finish in the I-League.Mohun Bagan

Tolgay Ozbey switched to cross-city rivals Mohun Bagan for the 2012–13 season signing a 2-year deal worth Rs 3.3 crore. The transition was not smooth as the

masks: Özbey Özbey Özbey Özbey


texts:
 two clubs and the player involved themselves in reciprocal verbal attacks. Early in the season, he picked up an injury in the Federation Cup (India) and was out of action for a few months. He played a big part in Mohun Bagan's survival after being docked off all their points in the I-League. He appeared in 17 I-League matches for the club and scored 10 goals. He scored his first I-League goal for Mohun Bagan against Prayag United on 27 January 2013. He was a frequent scorer in the later half of the season as he scored braces against Sporting Clube de Goa and Pailan Arrows.He also scored goals against United Sikkim, Shillong Lajong, Air India (football club), Mumbai FC, ONGC FC. <mask> scored his first derby goal for Mohun Bagan in the last match of the season. The Australian striker had a good run down the right side of the East Bengal defense, before taking a powerful left-footed shot in the last minute of the match in Mohun Bagan's 2–3 loss in the Calcutta Premier Division decider. However, following some problems with the Mohun Bagan officials, he opted to leave the club. Mohammedan Sporting

Ozbey signed for newly promoted Mohammedan on a one-year deal for 2013–14 I-League season, hence joining the elusive list of players who have played for all three Kolkata giants. He started the season in style, scoring a goal in the Durand Cup final on 19 September 2013. Dempo
On 12 January 2014, <mask> signed for Goan giant Dempo SC in a one-year deal.He immediately responded to this new signing and scored four (4) goals against the defending champions Churchill Brothers S.C. On 30 May he signed an extension with the club. Return to Australia
Mid-way through the

masks: Tolgay Özbey


texts:
 2015 National Premier Leagues NSW season, Ozbey returned to Sydney Olympic, and debuted against Manly United. Whilst injury would go on to hamper the rest of his season, Ozbey returned for Olympic in their 2015 FFA Cup campaign against Gungahlin United and Hume City. In November 2015, it was announced that Ozbey had joined Rockdale City Suns for the 2016 National Premier Leagues NSW season. Personal life
<mask> is of Turkish descent and is nicknamed Tolly. Tolgay is a Galatasaray fan and writes regular columns for the Bengali tabloid Ebela. References

External links
 <mask> <mask> Joins Sydney FC for the Finals
Tolgay ozbey football player

1986 births
Living people
Australian people of Turkish descent
Australian soccer players
A-League Men players
National Soccer League (Australia) players
Blacktown City FC players
Marconi Stallions FC players
Newcastle Jets FC players
Sydney FC players
Sydney Olympic FC players
Sydney United 58 FC players
Rockdale City Suns FC players
Expatriate footballers in India
Australian expatriate sportspeople in India
I-League players
Mohammedan SC (Kolkata) players
Dempo SC players
Indian Super League players
FC Goa players
Association football forwards
Expatriate footballers in Fiji
Calcutta Football League

masks: Özbey Tolgay Özbey


texts:
<mask> (born 18 April 1980) is a Nigerian former professional footballer, who played as a centre-back. Career

Born in Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria, <mask> started his football career at NEPA Lagos. Standard Liège and Napoli loan

<mask> soon left his home country by moving to Belgium to Standard Liège after impressing at the 1997 Meridian Cup. Once he made a move to Belgium, <mask> immediately fell in love with the style of play. In the 1997–98 season, he played in three matches in the Eerste Klasse, of which two in the first team. Standard, however, played a poor season and finished 9th place in the table. In the next season he played in 26 league games, scored a goal and with Liège finishing in sixth place in the league.Standard has also played in the final of Cup of Belgium, losing 1–3 to Lierse S.K. In the 1999–2000 season, Standard finished fifth place; Afolabi made 24 appearances scoring 1 goal. Having become a regular player at Standard Liège, <mask> signed for Italian Serie A side Napoli on loan ahead of the 2000–01 season. At Napoli, he failed to break into the first team, in part due to injuries. When fit, he played in the club's reserves. After half a season in Italy, he returned to Liege. After the 2001–02 season he was named the best defender in Belgium, Standard finished fifth.The next season was not as successful: <mask> played only 14 league matches, Standard completed the season in the 7th position. Austria Wien
In 2003, <mask> decided to move to an Austrian club Austria Wien on a free transfer. He made his debut for the club in the Austrian Supercup, which Wien won 2–1 against FC Kärnten. Five days, he made his league debut for the club, again versus FC Kärnten, in a 2–1 loss. In his first season, <mask> played a total of 33 matches. In summer 2004 interest for was reported from Marseille, as well as other clubs. He played in 27 league games

masks:
Rabiu Afolabi
Afolabi
Afolabi
Afolabi
Afolabi
Afolabi
Afolabi
Afolabi


texts:
 in the 2004–05 season, all from the first until the last minute, and scored one goal in a 3–0 win away match against FC Wacker Tirol.Austria finished third place, just behind rival Rapid Wien and Grazer AK. The following season, Afolabi played in the 2004–05 UEFA Cup tournament with Austria Wien, until the club was eliminated by Italian side Parma. Like last season, the club also won the Austrian Supercup. Sochaux
After the 2004–05 season, some Austria Wien players were linked a move away from clubs. Among them was also <mask>, who joined Sochaux for a €2 million transfer fee. In his Ligue 1 debut on 13 August 2005 he came on as a substitute for youngster Jérémy Ménez. Sochaux won the away match against Nice 2–1 but Afolabi was sent off in the 87th minute of the match.Towards the end of the season, <mask> scored his first goal, on 6 May 2006, in a draw at home to Troyes. The club finished in 15th place. <mask> spent four seasons at Sochaux. In his time there, he earned one title, the 2006–07 Coupe de France. He later stated that winning the cup was the greatest moment of his career. Red Bull Salzburg

After leaving Sochaux at the end of 2008–09 season as a free agent, <mask> returned to Austria, signing a two-year contract with Red Bull Salzburg having been previously linked with newly promoted Premier League side Burnley. He became a regular starter in central defence.In February 2010, he scored the winning goal away to title rivals SK Rapid Wien which helped keep the Red Bulls on course for the championship. Eventually, Red Bull Salzburg would win the title. On 7 November 2010, he made his 100th Austrian Bundesliga match having made 60 appearance for FK Austria Wien and 40 for Red Bull Salzburg). In December, it was reported that Salzburg were looking to transfer <mask> in the winter transfer window. After his second season in Salzburg, his contract was

masks: Afolabi Afolabi Afolabi Afolabi Afolabi


texts:
 not renewed. Monaco
Following his release from Salzburg, <mask> was linked with German side Eintracht Frankfurt but on 31 August 2011, he returned to France joining recently relegated Monaco on a free transfer, agreeing to a two-year contract with the club. On 19 September 2011, he scored his debut goal in a 1–0 victory over against Arles-Avignon.Over time, he featured less and less at Monaco and after one year at the club, it was announced he had left the club by mutual consent with one year of his contract remaining. SønderjyskE and retirement
After eight months without a club, <mask> went on trial at Danish Superliga club SønderjyskE, with a view of earning a contract. On 13 March 2013, he eventually signed with the club for the rest of the 2012–13 season. On his debut for SønderjyskE, a match against Silkeborg IF on 28 March 2013, <mask> helped his team to a 5–0 victory over its bottom-table rivals. He was named as one of the best players on the field. Having played three matches he fractured a rib and was substituted during a match against Midtjylland. Afterwards, it was announced he would be out for between three and four weeks.Following his return, he went on to make five appearances in total helping the club survive relegation and finishing in eighth place. At the end of the season, the club remained keen on keeping him by offering him a new contract. However, <mask> chose to leave the club after three months there. After leaving Denmark, he announced his retirement and the intent to pursue a career in football management and scouting, having earned a certificate. International career
<mask> played a vital role for Nigeria in the 1999 African Youth Championship, coming from defence to score the two goals against Cameroon in the semi-final. Nigeria eventually finished second in the tournament after losing 0–1 to the hosts, Ghana, in the final. He then


texts:
 captained the Nigerian under-20 team in the 1999 FIFA World Youth Championship in Nigeria.On 17 June 2000, <mask> made his full international debut for Nigeria in a 2002 World Cup qualifier against Sierra Leone. He was part of the Nigeria squads at the 2002 and 2010 World Cups. Style of play

<mask> is a strong and lanky central defender, who is good aerially and has a thunderous shot. He is also very versatile and can play as a fullback or defensive midfielder as well. Offensively, he is dangerous on set pieces. Trivia
His name, <mask>, means "Born into wealth". His nickname in Nigeria is Robocop because of his stiff movements.In 2011, <mask> was involved in a charity called "The Rabiu Afolabi Educational Foundation" by setting up a foundation, which he started out with a donation of 50,000 customised books worth about $20,000 to selected public primary and secondary schools in his home state of Oshun State. References

External links

1980 births
Living people
Yoruba sportspeople
Sportspeople from Osogbo
Association football defenders
Nigerian footballers
Nigeria international footballers
Nigeria under-20 international footballers
Nigerian expatriate footballers
Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Monaco
2002 FIFA World Cup players
2008 Africa Cup of Nations players
2010 FIFA World Cup players
S.S.C. Napoli players
Standard Liège players
FC Sochaux-Montbéliard players
FK Austria Wien players
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
AS Monaco FC players
SønderjyskE Fodbold players
NEPA Lagos players
Belgian First Division A players
Ligue 1 players
Ligue 2 players
Austrian Football Bundesliga players
Danish Superliga players
Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Austria
Expatriate footballers in Belgium
Expatriate footballers in France
Expatriate footballers in Monaco
Expatriate footballers in Italy
Expatriate footballers in Austria
Expatriate footballers in

masks: Afolabi Afolabi Afolabi Afolabi


texts:
<mask> is a Pakistani politician and a businessman who owns Samaa TV and Vision Group. He was also the Senior Minister of Punjab and Minister of Food. He is a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab since August 2018. Previously, he served as a Provincial Minister of Punjab for Local Government and Community Development and Provincial Minister of Punjab for Planning and Development from 27 August 2018 to 6 February 2019. He was a member of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab from 2003 to 2007 and also served as Provincial Minister of Punjab for Information Technology for the same period. Early life and education
<mask> was born on 5 October 1972 in Lahore, Pakistan. He hails from Pashtun family of the Kakazai tribe.He received his early education from Crescent Model Higher Secondary School, Lahore. He graduated from the Government College University, Lahore in 1992 and has a degree of Bachelor of Arts. Philanthropy
Apart from politics, <mask> <mask> has made a foundation naming “Abdul Aleem Khan Foundation” which is currently working in various sectors of Education, Health and Community Development. The foundation is currently operating more than 60 water filtration plants in the under developed areas of Lahore. The foundation is running ten 10 free healthcare dispensaries, which provide free medical services and medicines to the people. <mask> <mask> foundation is running an Orphanage for the girls by the name of “Apna Ghar” which is providing free education and boarding facilities to the orphanage girls. Abdul Aleem Khan Foundation continuously makes financial

masks:
Abdul Aleem Khan
Khan
Aleem
Khan
Abdul Aleem
Khan


texts: contributions to the Health and Education sector by making donations to various educational institutions and health care institutes mainly as Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital, INMOL, Ghurki Hospital, NAMAL University, Rising Sun Institute DHA and Mughalpura Campus.A.A.K Foundation constructed Hydrotherapy Swimming Pool and a Speech Therapy Department at Rinsing Sun Institute, DHA Campus for the Special Children. Foundation donated 2-Kanal of Land and also paid the construction cost of a state of the art Abdur Raheem Khan Campus, Mughalpura for the education of the special children. This campus consists of 3 floors and a basement including Hydrotherapy Pool, Management Centre and class rooms for the C.P children. Further, more than 200 children are sponsored by the Foundation for their studies at the Abdur Rahim Khan Campus, Mughalpura. 100% of the expenses such as utility, salaries of the teachers and allied staff and maintenance of the campus are being borne by the Abdul Aleem Khan Foundation. Abdul Aleem Khan Foundation also contributed actively in construction/extension of Shaukat Khanum Memorial Hospital, Lahore and Peshawar and donated a huge amount for this purpose. In recognition of the donations by the Foundation, the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Hospital, Lahore has named the third floor of the patients ward as Abdur Rahim <mask> Floor and Inpatient floor at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Hospital, Peshawar named as Nasim Khan(Mother of Abdul Aleem <mask>) Floor.Mammography and X-Ray Machines had also been provided to the SKMT, Lahore and Peshawar. Foundation is currently running

masks: Khan Khan


texts:
 a project at Kot Lakhpat Jail, Lahore for rehabilitation of 60 bed Hospital, construction of Wash Rooms, provision of Desert Coolers etc. to prisoners. It is also pertinent to mention here that Abdul Aleem Khan Foundation has deposited a sum Rs: 3.9 Million in the Government Treasury during last five months in order to release the 44 prisoners who cannot afford to pay the fine on completion of their sentence. Business career
<mask> <mask> is the owner of Vision Group which is a leading real estate development company in Pakistan. Vision Group took its first step into existence when the Park View brand was introduced in Lahore's real estate market. Since then, there has been no looking back.Park View is now a major player in real estate developers on a national level. The park view by Vision Group has also not only taken its real estate projects to cities nationwide but has also diversified its businesses. Vision Group has entered the education sector with The National School which aims to equip the youth to excel in real life. Political career
<mask> made his political debut in 2002 and ran for the seat of the National Assembly of Pakistan as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (Q) (PML-Q) from Constituency NA-127 (Lahore-X) in 2002 Pakistani general election but was unsuccessful. He received 20,545 votes and lost the seat to Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri. He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of PML-Q from Constituency PP-147 (Lahore-XI) in by-election held in January 2003 He received 18,059 votes and defeated Ameer ul Azim, a candidate of Muttahida

masks:
Abdul Aleem
Khan
Khan


texts: Majlis-e-Amal (MMA). On 15 November 2003, he was inducted into the provincial Punjab cabinet of Chief Minister Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi and was appointed as Provincial Minister of Punjab for Information Technology.He remained as Provincial Minister of Punjab for Information Technology till 2007. He ran for the seat of the National Assembly as a candidate of PML-Q from Constituency NA-127 (Lahore-X) in 2008 Pakistani general election but was unsuccessful. He received 13,707 votes and lost the seat to Naseer Ahmed Bhutta. In the same election, he also ran for the seat of the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of PML-Q from Constituency PP-147 (Lahore-XI) but was unsuccessful. He received 9,493 votes and lost the seat to Mohsin Latif. In January 2012, he quit PML-Q and joined Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI). In February 2013, he was elected as Deputy President of PTI Lahore.He was not given ticket by PTI to contest in 2013 Pakistani general election. He ran for the seat of the National Assembly as a candidate of PTI from Constituency NA-122 (Lahore-V) in by-election held in October 2015 but was unsuccessful. He received 72,043 votes and lost the seat to Sardar Ayaz Sadiq. He filed a petition with the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) to challenge the results of the by-election. He alleged rigging was done in the constituency and claimed of having evidence. In 2016, the ECP said that <mask> had submitted fake affidavits to prove the rigging allegation. In July 2016, PTI appointed him as the president of the party's central Punjab chapter.He was elected to the Provincial


texts:
 Assembly of the Punjab as a candidate of PTI from Constituency PP-158 (Lahore-XV) in 2018 Pakistani general election. On 27 August 2018, he was inducted into the provincial Punjab cabinet of Chief Minister Sardar Usman Buzdar and was appointed as Provincial Minister of Punjab for Local Government and Community Development. He was given the status of a senior minister in the cabinet. In October 2018, Prime Minister Imran <mask> ordered <mask> to vacate the Punjab Chief Minister's camp office in Lahore after he was found of not fully cooperating with Chief Minister Usman Buzdar. In February 2019, he was arrested by the National Accountability Bureau (NAB). The same day, he announced his resignation as Provincial Minister of Punjab for Local Government and Community Development. On 13 April 2020, He has been inducted again in the Provincial Cabinet and been appointed as the Senior Minister of Punjab and  Provincial Minister of Punjab for Food.He is also the Chairman of the Corona Task Force in Punjab. In November 2021, He resigned as minister of food. Assets
He made two financial transactions of Rs 198 million and Rs 140 million during his tenure as Provincial Minister of Punjab for Information Technology between 2002 and 2007. According to documents submitted to the Election Commission of Pakistan in 2018, <mask> declared his assets worth . References

1972 births
Living people
People named in the Panama Papers
Pakistan Muslim League (Q) MPAs (Punjab)
Punjab MPAs 2002–2007
Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf MPAs (Punjab)
Provincial ministers of Punjab
Punjab MPAs 2018–2023
Pakistanis named in

masks: Khan Khan Khan


texts:
<mask> (born 24 July 1970) is a British political activist, blogger, and columnist. He is best known as the co-founder of the Centre for Social Justice and as creator of the ConservativeHome website, which he edited from 2005 until 2013, when he left to join The Times. He was formerly the newspaper's comment editor, but resigned in March 2014. On 17 February 2016, Montgomerie resigned his membership of the Conservative Party, citing the current leadership's stance on Europe, which has been supportive of EU membership. In 2019, he was briefly a special adviser to Prime Minister Boris Johnson, advising on social justice issues. Montgomerie has been described as "one of the most important Conservative activists of the past 20 years", and in February 2012, The Observer said that "In the eyes of most MPs, Montgomerie [is] one of the most influential Tories outside the cabinet." He was listed in talk radio station LBC's list of top 100 most influential conservatives of 2019.Early life
<mask> was born into an army family in Barnstaple in 1970. He said in a Guardian interview that "his teenage Thatcherism was tempered by discovering evangelical Christianity at sixteen". Montgomerie was educated at the King's School, a secondary school in Gütersloh, Germany run by Service Children's Education (SCE) for children of military personnel. He then attended the University of Exeter, where he studied Economics and Geography, and ran the Conservative Association with Robert Halfon, Sajid Javid and David Burrowes, all future Conservative members of parliament. At Exeter University, Montgomerie and Burrowes also started the Conservative Christian Fellowship (CCF) in December 1990, supported by the Christian Coalition of America. During this period, he argued that the Conservative Party should form closer links with churches on issues such as homosexuality and Section 28, saying that the party should "expose the unbiblical and the libertine". He has since reversed his position on those issues.He served as Director of the CCF from 1990 to 2003. Career
Montgomerie worked briefly

masks:
Timothy Montgomerie
Montgomerie


texts:
 at the Bank of England in the 1990s as a statistician, where his responsibilities included the Russian economy and the study of systemic risk in financial systems. Conservative Party Central Office
From 1998 to 2003, Montgomerie was the speech-writer for two Conservative Party leaders, William Hague, and then Iain Duncan Smith. He also had responsibility for the Conservative Party's outreach to faith communities and the voluntary sector. In September 2003, Montgomerie became Conservative Party leader Duncan Smith's Chief of Staff; Duncan Smith was replaced by Michael Howard two months later. He had become a main influence behind Duncan Smith's theme of compassionate conservatism. Centre for Social Justice
In 2004, with Iain Duncan Smith and Philippa Stroud, Montgomerie established the Centre for Social Justice to take forward the work on "compassionate conservatism" that Smith had begun as party leader.Following the tradition of people such as William Wilberforce, the Earl of Shaftesbury and Richard Oastler he aimed to make the condition of the poor a priority. He established a social action project called "Renewing One Nation" which helped Duncan Smith focus on these issues. ConservativeHome

On 28 March 2005, Montgomerie launched the ConservativeHome website in the period just before the general election campaign that year. With Conservative MP John Hayes, he also set up conservativedemocracy.com, which successfully co-ordinated grassroots opposition to party leader Michael Howard's attempt to abolish the "one member, one vote" rule in the 2005 Conservative leadership election. In September 2006, The Independent described Montgomerie as "emerging as a major player in Tory politics." He was critical of the A-List and argued that the party leader after 2005, David Cameron, was in danger of alienating working-class Tory voters, and pressed Cameron for specific pledges on tax cuts. He supported the introduction of same-sex marriage in England and Wales arguing that it was a way to strengthen the institution more generally.Through ConservativeHome,


texts:
 Montgomerie was used as an expert on internet campaigning by Conservative Central Office. Internet television
Montgomerie was a director of the internet television channel 18 Doughty Street which began broadcasting in October 2006 and went off air in November 2007. While at 18 Doughty Street, Montgomerie hosted its 'Campaign HQ' programme, which developed the channel's Internet political advertisements after allowing viewers to vote on a choice of (usually) three different proposals. Previous adverts included attacks on taxes, state funding of political parties, and London Mayor Ken Livingstone. The latest, "A World Without America", with an end scene depicting the Statue of Liberty wearing a burqa, was co-produced by 18 Doughty Street and the website BritainAndAmerica, and had 50,000 views within its first 24 hours of publication. Since 2010

Montgomerie continued to edit ConservativeHome alongside others including co-editor Jonathan Isaby, assistant editor Joseph Willits, deputy editor Matthew Barrett, and Isaby's replacement, former Conservative MP Paul Goodman After the 2010 general election Montgomerie wrote a report that was critical of David Cameron's election campaign, entitled "Falling short". Montgomerie has promoted the Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory and wrote in The Times in 2013, "The 20th century was far from an overwhelming victory for the right.Though revolutionary Marxism died, its fellow traveller, cultural Marxism, prospered." Through his prominence with ConservativeHome, Montgomerie wrote frequent articles on Conservative politics for The Guardian and The Times, and occasionally for the Daily Mail, The Independent, and the Financial Times. In April 2011, he became a columnist for The Sunday Telegraph, but in October of the same year, Montgomerie resigned from his column, after a series of attacks on him by the Mandrake column in The Daily Telegraph, its sister paper. Montgomerie wrote that a tweet critical of the Daily Telegraph editor Tony Gallagher had started the attacks. Montgomerie became a columnist for The Times soon after.


texts:
 In February 2013, Montgomerie announced that in April that year he would join The Times as comment editor, replacing Anne Spackman, but maintained a role as an "advisor" and weekly blogger for ConservativeHome. He founded the UnHerd website in 2017 "to appeal to people who instinctively refuse to follow the herd and also... to investigate 'unheard' ideas, individuals and communities".On 25 September 2018, he announced that he had left UnHerd. In September 2019, Montgomerie was appointed as "social justice adviser" to the Prime Minister in Number 10 Downing Street. On 31 January 2020, he said on the BBC's Politics Live that the role lasted until the election was called in November 2019 and that he was now in discussions with Boris Johnson regarding a new advisory role following Johnson's success in that election. By May 2020 Montgomerie had become a frequent critic of the government, in particular of the Prime Minister's Senior Adviser Dominic Cummings and the Prime Minister himself. In 2020, Montgomerie was reported as saying that the British government should have a "special relationship" with Hungary post-Brexit, saying at a meeting of the Danube Institute that "Budapest and Hungary have been home, I think, for an awful lot of interesting early thinking on the limits of liberalism, and I think we are seeing that in the UK as well. So I hope there will be a special relationship with Hungary amongst other states." Montgomerie had been appointed Boris Johnson's Social Justice advisor in the September of that year and the Labour Party called for his removal from the position, accusing him of "Cosying up to a government which peddles antisemitic and Islamophobic rhetoric, attacks migrants and refugees and undermines judicial and media independence".Personal life
<mask> is a Christian. He is single. References

External links

 <mask>ie Interviewed by Sophie Elmhirst

Living people
1970 births
Alumni of the University of Exeter
People associated with the Bank of England
British bankers
British bloggers
British television presenters
Conservative Party (UK)

masks:
Montgomerie
Tim Montgomer


texts:
<mask> (27 August 1919 – 16 June 2014) was a British historian who specialised on Russia in the 18th century and Catherine the Great. She published six books on Russia and is credited for changing the perception of Catherine the Great amongst Russian and Western scholars. Born to a Spanish diplomat and a Scottish economic historian, she was taught at 16 schools during her childhood and earned a first-class honours degree in Russian language and literature at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies (SSEES). <mask> worked for BBC Monitoring in the Second World War, and was a civil servant at the Ministry of Information and HM Treasury. She held a series of part-time posts at the London School of Economics, was secretary on the editorial board of The Slavonic and East European Review, co-founded the Government and Opposition journal's editorial board and was a lecturer at the University of Sussex, Lancaster University and the SSEES. Early life and career
<mask> was born at 7 Park Circus Place in Hillhead, Glasgow on 27 August 1919. She was the younger daughter of the Spanish diplomat and writer <mask> and the Scottish economic historian Constance Helen Margaret (née Archibald).Her elder sister was the writer Nieves Mathews. As a consequence of her father's career, <mask> lived in Geneva during her early years because he was working for the League of Nations before he moved to Paris to be the United States ambassador for the Spanish republic. She was taught at sixteen different schools, including Miss Woods's school in Headington, the International School of Geneva and Instituto-Escuela in Madrid. She learnt to play the piano in the ballroom of the Spanish Embassy and met a wide variety of cultured individuals such as Maurice Ravel. This made De Madariaga passionate about music and she was fluent in English, French, German, Italian, Russian and Spanish. Her

masks:
Isabel Margaret de Madariaga
De Madariaga
De Madariaga
Salvador de Madariaga
De Madariaga


texts: family was forced to move to the United Kingdom after the Spanish Civil War began in 1936. At the age of 18, <mask> went to London and was the first woman undergraduate student to enroll on a Russian language and literature degree at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies (SSESS).She earned first-class honours in 1940 and the John Marshall Prize. The outbreak of the Second World War disrupted her studying and <mask> was evacuated to Oxford. Because she was a polyglot, the BBC employed her to work as a monitor of enemy broadcasts for BBC Monitoring in Evesham from 1940 to 1943. <mask> was reticent to talk about her wartime work, and found her job to be instructive and liberating. She later moved to London to work as a temporary civil servant at the Ministry of Information and later at HM Treasury's economic information unit between 1947 and 1948. Due to <mask> being married, she found it difficult to forge a career in academia and held a series of part-time positions at the London School of Economics. She did research for her husband and the University College London professor Mark A. Thompson.<mask> was secretary on the editorial board of The Slavonic and East European Review from 1951 to 1964, a post that allowed her to do part-time research, and earned a Doctor of Philosophy for a two-volume dissertation, on Anglo-Russian relations during the American Revolutionary War. It was published as Britain, Russia and the Armed Neutrality of 1780: Sir James Harris’s Mission to St Petersburg during the American Revolution in 1962 and provided a greater insight into Russian court politics. In 1965, <mask> was a co-founder of the editorial board of the Government and Opposition journal and wrote substantial reviews for it. Because she resided in Highgate, she lectured at the University of Sussex from 1966 to 1968 and then the Lancaster University between 1968 and

masks:
De Madariaga
Da Madariaga
De Madariaga
De Madariaga
De Madariaga
De Madariaga


texts:
 1971. <mask> worked with the multi disciplinary Study Group on Eighteenth-Century Russia from 1968 on. Her second book was co-written by Ghiță Ionescu in 1968 and called Opposition, Past and Present of a Political Institution. Three years later, she returned to the SSESS to be appointed a reader in Russian studies and remained in the post until 1981.<mask> published her third book Russia in the Age of Catherine the Great in 1981 that compiled previously published research without access to archives in Russia on Catherine the Great's reign of Russia from 1762 to 1796 with regards to the development of education, intellectual thought, law and serfdom. It was republished as Catherine the Great: A Short History and translated into Russian in 2002. In 1982, the SSESS promoted her to emeritus professor of Russian Studies. Few research students studied under <mask> by the time she retired in 1984 and notable ones included Janet M. Hartley and Pia Pera. She had helped to establish the Russian Studies course, was chairperson of its Academic Assembly and served as a member of its Council when it was under threat of closure. <mask> was elected as a fellow of the British Academy in 1990 and was made a corresponding member of the Real Academia de la Historia a year later. The Dissolution of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991 allowed her works to be published in Russia and to be used by the country's historians.She compiled 13 essays to form a 1998 collection called Politics and Culture in Eighteenth-Century Russia. Her final book Ivan the Terrible: First Tsar of Russia was published in 2005. Private life

<mask> was married to the barrister and historian Leonard Schapiro from 15 March 1943 to 1976. There were no children of the marriage. A fall at her house in mid-2014 resulted in her being hospitalised. After a series of operations, which did not bring about an improvement in

masks:
De Madariaga
De Madariaga
De Madariaga
De Madariaga
De Madariaga


texts:
 her condition, <mask> died of bronchopneumonia at the Royal Free Hospital, London Borough of Camden on 16 June 2014. She was survived by a nephew and a niece.Personality and legacy
She was given the nickname "Lolita" in her childhood years and was not easy to know. According to Hamish Scott in her obituary in The Guardian, <mask> had a "shyness and lack of self-confidence manifested themselves in an imposing, austere and intimidating public manner." He noted recognition in the professional field led her to become more kind and more interested in individuals and assisted fellow specialists: "The determination that had enabled her eventually to become a full-time academic also sustained her intellectual curiosity long into old age." <mask> was credited for transforming the study of Russia in the 18th century and had changed perception on how Catherine the Great and Ivan the Terrible were viewed by scholars and Russian and Western historians. Before her works were published, little attention had been focused on Catherine's achievements on wanting Russia to "take her rightful place as a civilised member of the family of European great powers" while under various constraints during her reign, and more on her private life. References

External links
 University of London Profile

1919 births
2014 deaths
People from Hillhead
British people of Spanish descent
British people of Scottish descent
International School of Geneva alumni
Alumni of the UCL School of Slavonic and East European Studies
Academics of the University of Sussex
Academics of Lancaster University
Academics of the UCL School of Slavonic and East European Studies
British women historians
20th-century British historians
21st-century British historians
20th-century British women
21st-century British women
Historians of Russia
Fellows of the British Academy
Corresponding members of the Real Academia de la

masks:
De Madariaga
De Madariaga
De Madariaga


texts:
<mask> or Mencía <mask> (c.1215–1270) was a Castilian noblewoman, the wife successively of count <mask> and of King Sancho II of Portugal. The subsequent annulment of her marriage by Pope Innocent IV has led to disagreement over whether she should be counted among the queens consort of Portugal. She played a central role in the Portuguese political crisis of 1245. Birth
<mask> was born in Biscay, the daughter of <mask>, lord of Biscay, and of Urraca Alfonso of León. Her mother was an illegitimate daughter of Alfonso IX of León. She was thus niece of the reigning king, Ferdinand III of Castile. First Marriage
<mask> was married on 29 September 1234 to <mask>, a magnate involved in the expansion of the Castilian kingdom into the region of Cordoba, whose first marriage to Aurembiaix, Countess of Urgell had been annulled in 1228, while Mécia's sister Teresa married Nuño, Count of Rousillon, a kinsman of the powerful House of Lara.These consanguineous marriages were the cause of a dispute between Ferdinand III and Mecia's father Lope Diaz II Haro and husband, the monarch confiscating some of the groom's lands. It was peacefully resolved through the mediation of Queens Berengaria of Castile and Elisabeth of Hohenstaufen, Ferdinand's mother and wife, respectively. While the marriage proved childless, it did place Mécia in the midst of the struggles on the Cordoban frontier. After taking Cordoba, the king returned to Toledo, leaving Álvaro in charge of the stronghold of Martos. The abandonment of agriculture due to the conflict led to a localized famine, and Álvaro was forced to journey to the royal court to plead for assistance. The king granted him the equivalent of viceregal powers, as well as monetary support. However, in his absence his nephew, Tello, and the troops left behind decided to launch a military incursion into the

masks:
Mécia Lopes de Haro
López de Haro
Álvaro Pérez de Castro
Mécia Lopes
Lope Díaz II de Haro
Mécia
Ávaro Pérez de Castro


texts:
 territory of the enemy, Mécia was left virtually unprotected in Martos.The Moorish ruler of Arjona took advantage of this opportunity to invade the recently captured lands. In response, Mécia sent word to the missing troops, and according to Spanish historian Lafuente she then dress in soldiers' arms and paraded around the battlements. Having anticipated facing women and not armed men, the Moors slowed their approach and took defensive measures, allowing the missing Christian troops under Tello to return. They then launched a directed attack under the command of Diego Perez <mask> which broke through the center of the enemy lines, dispersing them. On hearing of the danger under which his wife had been placed, Álvaro made to return, but became ill and died of an unnamed disease at Orgaz in  1239, or as some have it,  1240. Second Marriage
Mecía married again to King Sancho II of Portugal, son of Afonso II of Portugal and his wife, Queen Urraca of Castile. The legitimacy of this union has been contested, first by Portuguese historian António Brandão, who has been followed by several subsequent scholars in considering her a mistress, but that they married is documented by a papal bull Sua nobis of Pope Innocent IV, and is accepted by most historians.The date and place of the marriage is uncertain. It does not appear in the work of Rodrigo of Toledo, completed in March 1243 but also omitting Portuguese royal marriages from the year before, while the papal bull mentions it in 1245, suggesting it should be placed between these dates. Life at the Portuguese court
From the start, there were several reasons for the marriage to be portrayed in a bad light. She brought with her from her foreign land the specter of domination by the powerful neighboring Kingdom of Castile. Further, since she was a widow and the king was her mother's first


texts:
 cousin, she deviated from the ideal of a virgin bride and tainted the marriage with consanguinity. She was not a royal princess and had no direct connections in either Portugal or Castile, whose king abandoned her after the death of her husband. She exacerbated her political isolation by surrounding herself with Castilian-raised servants and maids, making it difficult for Portuguese courtiers to use Mécia as an avenue for approaching the king.She was thus quickly rejected by nobility and populace. The degree of the discontent can be seen in the oft-repeated claim that the king was "bewitched by the arts of D. <mask> <mask>." The problems in Portugal predated the arrival of <mask>. With the years of Christian conquests in the wars with the Moors, the king had taken some liberties as the country enjoyed peace and the king basked in the glow and pride of military success. However, the king then decided to replace the counselors of the royal court with his military companions, effectively instituting a military dictatorship. This change proved fatal, as it embroiled the council in conflicts that tarnished the image of the king, and led to what some historians have called an anarchy. Mécia thus entered the Portuguese stage at the start of a period of political instability, a civil war that eventually resulted in the deposition of her husband, and the coincidence led to her being blamed for his downfall.Later chroniclers have gone so far as to suggest that Sancho was a good king until his marriage, and his subsequent difficulties were due to her bad influences. However, such writings are biased by the need among his successors to justify his deposition. Annulment of her marriage to Sancho
The Portuguese clergy rose against the marriage, not so much because of direct opposition but as an indirect way of embarrassing the king in order

masks:
Mécia
de Haro
Mécia


texts:
 to hasten his fall. Their contempt for the king arose from various perceived injustices, such as the revocation of a grant to the monastery of Bouco made by Afonso I of Portugal and confirmed by Afonso II. Pope Innocent IV addressed a papal bull to Afonso, Count of Boulogne, brother to the king and aspirant to the throne, in which he requested that Afonso raise troops from Boulogne to assist the church in the Holy Land. Given the plans of the Portuguese clergy and the pope, this seems simply to have been a pretext to allow Afonso to bring armed men to Lisbon. While Alfonso was heir to Sancho, this could change at any time were the childless Mécia to produce an heir and so he set about separating the spouses.He focused on their consanguinity, both descending from Afonso I of Portugal, a relationship within a degree prohibited by the church but tolerated in the Iberian social context. Afonso took this to the pope, who issued a bull that decried the state of the kingdom, and backed by complaints from the Portuguese bishops, threatened that unless Sancho live up to his responsibilities, "appropriate measures" would be taken. Sancho refused to repudiate his wife, and the pope then carried through with his threat, annulling the marriage. Deposition of king and the kidnapping of the queen
On 24 July and 1 August 1245, two bulls were promulgated, the first addressed to the barons of the kingdom, the second to the clergy, which decreed the deposition of the king. The king sought help from his brother Alfonso, the very man whose maneuvering had led to the deposition. There then occurred an event that directly involved Mécia. A nobleman named Raimundo Viegas <mask>, accompanied by the men of the Count of Boulogne, entered the royal palace at Coimbra and snatched her from the royal bedchamber, taking her to the palace at Vila Nova de


texts:
 Ourém.Sancho, embarrassed at the kidnapping and finding himself powerless to recover his wife, abdicated and fled to Toledo, dying in 1248. His will did not name his wife, suggesting that he may have thought her complicit in the kidnapping, a claim also hinted at by later chroniclers although no evidence is found in contemporary sources. Life in Ourém, exile and death
Following her kidnapping, Mécia took up residence in Ourém. There is documentation of Mécia making several donations there, and she was protected by troops of the court, with which she retained good relations. The alcaide of the town, Inigo <mask> Ortiz, has a Biscayan name, suggesting that she had appointed him. According to tradition, she held lands at Torres Novas, Santa Eulália and Ourém, and a marginal note in a contemporary document indicates that they were held by Mécia. Then her fate becomes less certain.Rui <mask>, the chronicler of Sancho II, says that she left Ourém for Galicia, which seems unlikely. There is a surviving document, dating 24 February 1257, which while not specifying the location, reports Mécia and her relative Rodrigo Gonzalez acting as executors to Theresa Aires, making certain gifts to the convent of Benavides, suggesting that at the time she resided in the area of Castile. An infante Ferdinand, who lived there, became sole heir of Mécia, and also disputed Sancho's inheritance. According to tradition, Mecia died in 1270 at Palencia, where she held lands, and she was buried at Nájera in the Benedictine convent of Santa Maria, in the Chapel of the Cross. Her tomb, supported by four lions and bearing the arms of Portugal, features a woman in the dress of Biscay. Ancestors

References

1215 births
1270 deaths
Portuguese queens consort
Mecia
13th-century Portuguese people
13th-century Portuguese women
13th-century Spanish women
13th-century

masks:
de
de Pina


texts: <mask> "E. P.<mask> (, ; November 17, 1902 – January 1, 1995) was a Hungarian theoretical physicist who also contributed to mathematical physics. He obtained American citizenship in 1937, and received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963 "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles". A graduate of the Technical University of Berlin, <mask> worked as an assistant to Karl Weissenberg and Richard Becker at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin, and David Hilbert at the University of Göttingen. <mask> and Hermann Weyl were responsible for introducing group theory into physics, particularly the theory of symmetry in physics. Along the way he performed ground-breaking work in pure mathematics, in which he authored a number of mathematical theorems. In particular, Wigner's theorem is a cornerstone in the mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics. He is also known for his research into the structure of the atomic nucleus.In 1930, Princeton University recruited <mask>, along with John von Neumann, and he moved to the United States. Wigner participated in a meeting with Leo Szilard and Albert Einstein that resulted in the Einstein-Szilard letter, which prompted President Franklin D. Roosevelt to initiate the Manhattan Project to develop atomic bombs. <mask> was afraid that the German nuclear weapon project would develop an atomic bomb first. During the Manhattan Project, he led a team whose task was to design nuclear reactors to convert uranium into weapons grade plutonium. At the time, reactors existed only on paper, and no reactor

masks:
Eugene Paul
" Wigner
Wigner
Wigner
Wigner
Wigner


texts:
 had yet gone critical. Wigner was disappointed that DuPont was given responsibility for the detailed design of the reactors, not just their construction. He became Director of Research and Development at the Clinton Laboratory (now the Oak Ridge National Laboratory) in early 1946, but became frustrated with bureaucratic interference by the Atomic Energy Commission, and returned to Princeton.In the postwar period, he served on a number of government bodies, including the National Bureau of Standards from 1947 to 1951, the mathematics panel of the National Research Council from 1951 to 1954, the physics panel of the National Science Foundation, and the influential General Advisory Committee of the Atomic Energy Commission from 1952 to 1957 and again from 1959 to 1964. In later life, he became more philosophical, and published The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences, his best-known work outside technical mathematics and physics. Early life

Wigner Jenő Pál was born in Budapest, Austria-Hungary on November 17, 1902, to middle class Jewish parents, Elisabeth (Einhorn) and <mask>, a leather tanner. He had an older sister, Bertha, known as Biri, and a younger sister Margit, known as Manci, who later married British theoretical physicist Paul Dirac. He was home schooled by a professional teacher until the age of 9, when he started school at the third grade. During this period, Wigner developed an interest in mathematical problems. At the age of 11, Wigner contracted what his doctors believed to be tuberculosis.His parents sent him to live for six weeks in a sanatorium in the Austrian mountains, before the doctors concluded that the


texts: diagnosis was mistaken. <mask>'s family was Jewish, but not religiously observant, and his Bar Mitzvah was a secular one. From 1915 through 1919, he studied at the secondary grammar school called Fasori Evangélikus Gimnázium, the school his father had attended. Religious education was compulsory, and he attended classes in Judaism taught by a rabbi. A fellow student was János von Neumann, who was a year behind Wigner. They both benefited from the instruction of the noted mathematics teacher László Rátz. In 1919, to escape the Béla Kun communist regime, the <mask> family briefly fled to Austria, returning to Hungary after Kun's downfall.Partly as a reaction to the prominence of Jews in the Kun regime, the family converted to Lutheranism. Wigner explained later in his life that his family decision to convert to Lutheranism "was not at heart a religious decision but an anti-communist one". Regarding religion, Wigner was an atheist. After graduating from the secondary school in 1920, Wigner enrolled at the Budapest University of Technical Sciences, known as the Műegyetem. He was not happy with the courses on offer,  and in 1921 enrolled at the Technische Hochschule Berlin (now Technical University of Berlin), where he studied chemical engineering. He also attended the Wednesday afternoon colloquia of the German Physical Society. These colloquia featured leading researchers including Max Planck, Max von Laue, Rudolf Ladenburg, Werner Heisenberg, Walther Nernst, Wolfgang Pauli, and Albert Einstein.Wigner also met the physicist Leó Szilárd, who at once became Wigner's closest friend. A third experience in Berlin was formative. Wigner worked at the Kaiser

masks: Wigner Wigner


texts:
 Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry (now the Fritz Haber Institute), and there he met Michael Polanyi, who became, after László Rátz, Wigner's greatest teacher. Polanyi supervised Wigner's DSc thesis, Bildung und Zerfall von Molekülen ("Formation and Decay of Molecules"). Middle years
Wigner returned to Budapest, where he went to work at his father's tannery, but in 1926, he accepted an offer from Karl Weissenberg at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin. Weissenberg wanted someone to assist him with his work on x-ray crystallography, and Polanyi had recommended Wigner. After six months as Weissenberg's assistant, Wigner went to work for Richard Becker for two semesters.Wigner explored quantum mechanics, studying the work of Erwin Schrödinger. He also delved into the group theory of Ferdinand Frobenius and  Eduard Ritter von Weber. Wigner received a request from Arnold Sommerfeld to work at the University of Göttingen as an assistant to the great mathematician David Hilbert. This proved a disappointment, as the aged Hilbert's abilities were failing, and his interests had shifted to logic. <mask> nonetheless studied independently. He laid the foundation for the theory of symmetries in quantum mechanics and in 1927 introduced what is now known as the Wigner D-matrix. <mask> and Hermann Weyl were responsible for introducing group theory into quantum mechanics.The latter had written a standard text, Group Theory and Quantum Mechanics (1928), but it was not easy to understand, especially for younger physicists. <mask>'s Group Theory and Its Application to the Quantum Mechanics of Atomic Spectra (1931) made group theory accessible

masks: Wigner Wigner Wigner


texts: to a wider audience. In these works, Wigner laid the foundation for the theory of symmetries in quantum mechanics. this theory change modern quantum mechanics .<mask>'s theorem proved by Wigner in 1931, is a cornerstone of the mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics. The theorem specifies how physical symmetries such as rotations, translations, and CPT symmetry are represented on the Hilbert space of states. According to the theorem, any symmetry transformation is represented by a linear and unitary or antilinear and antiunitary transformation of Hilbert space. The representation of a symmetry group on a Hilbert space is either an ordinary representation or a projective representation.In the late 1930s, Wigner extended his research into atomic nuclei. By 1929, his papers were drawing notice in the world of physics. In 1930, Princeton University recruited Wigner for a one-year lectureship, at 7 times the salary that he had been drawing in Europe. Princeton recruited von Neumann at the same time. Jenő Pál <mask> and János von Neumann had collaborated on three papers together in 1928 and two in 1929. They anglicized their first names to "<mask>" and "John", respectively. When their year was up, Princeton offered a five-year contract as visiting professors for half the year.The Technische Hochschule responded with a teaching assignment for the other half of the year. This was very timely, since the Nazis soon rose to power in Germany. At Princeton in 1934, Wigner introduced his sister Manci to the physicist Paul Dirac, whom she married. Princeton did not rehire Wigner when his contract ran out in 1936. Through Gregory Breit, Wigner found new

masks: Wigner Wigner Eugene


texts:
 employment at the University of Wisconsin. There, he met his first wife, Amelia Frank, who was a physics student there. However, she died unexpectedly in 1937, leaving Wigner distraught.He therefore accepted a 1938 offer from Princeton to return there. Wigner became a naturalized citizen of the United States on January 8, 1937, and he brought his parents to the United States. Manhattan Project

Although he was a professed political amateur, on August 2, 1939, he participated in a meeting with Leó Szilárd and Albert Einstein that resulted in the Einstein–Szilárd letter, which prompted President Franklin D. Roosevelt to initiate the Manhattan Project to develop atomic bombs. Wigner was afraid that the German nuclear weapon project would develop an atomic bomb first, and even refused to have his fingerprints taken because they could be used to track him down if Germany won. "Thoughts of being murdered," he later recalled, "focus your mind wonderfully." On June 4, 1941, <mask> married his second wife, Mary Annette Wheeler, a professor of physics at Vassar College, who had completed her Ph.D. at Yale University in 1932. After the war she taught physics on the faculty of Rutgers University's Douglass College in New Jersey until her retirement in 1964.They remained married until her death in November 1977. They had two children, <mask> and <mask> Upton. During the Manhattan Project, <mask> led a team that included J. Ernest Wilkins Jr., Alvin M. Weinberg, Katharine Way, Gale Young and Edward Creutz. The group's task was to design the production nuclear reactors that would convert uranium into weapons grade plutonium. At the time, reactors existed only on

masks:
Wigner
David Wigner
Martha Wigner
Wigner


texts: paper, and no reactor had yet gone critical. In July 1942, Wigner chose a conservative 100 MW design, with a graphite neutron moderator and water cooling. Wigner was present at a converted rackets court under the stands at the University of Chicago's abandoned Stagg Field on December 2, 1942, when the world's first atomic reactor, Chicago Pile One (CP-1) achieved a controlled nuclear chain reaction.Wigner was disappointed that DuPont was given responsibility for the detailed design of the reactors, not just their construction. He threatened to resign in February 1943, but was talked out of it by the head of the Metallurgical Laboratory, Arthur Compton, who sent him on vacation instead. As it turned out, a design decision by DuPont to give the reactor additional load tubes for more uranium saved the project when neutron poisoning became a problem. Without the additional tubes, the reactor could have been run at 35% power until the boron impurities in the graphite were burned up and enough plutonium produced to run the reactor at full power; but this would have set the project back a year. During the 1950s, he would even work for DuPont on the Savannah River Site. Wigner did not regret working on the Manhattan Project, and sometimes wished the atomic bomb had been ready a year earlier. An important discovery Wigner made during the project was the Wigner effect.This is a swelling of the graphite moderator caused by the displacement of atoms by neutron radiation. The Wigner effect was a serious problem for the reactors at the Hanford Site in the immediate post-war period, and resulted in production cutbacks and a reactor being shut down entirely. It was


texts:
 eventually discovered that it could be overcome by controlled heating and annealing. Through Manhattan project funding, <mask> and Leonard Eisenbud  also developed an important general approach to nuclear reactions, the Wigner–Eisenbud R-matrix theory, which was published in 1947. Later years
Wigner accepted a position as the Director of Research and Development at the Clinton Laboratory (now the Oak Ridge National Laboratory) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee in early 1946. Because he did not want to be involved in administrative duties, he became co-director of the laboratory, with James Lum handling the administrative chores as executive director. When the newly created Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) took charge of the laboratory's operations at the start of 1947, Wigner feared that many of the technical decisions would be made in Washington.He also saw the Army's continuation of wartime security policies at the laboratory as a "meddlesome oversight", interfering with research. One such incident occurred in March 1947, when the AEC discovered that Wigner's scientists were conducting experiments with a critical mass of uranium-235 when the Director of the Manhattan Project, Major General Leslie R. Groves, Jr., had forbidden such experiments in August 1946 after the death of Louis Slotin at the Los Alamos Laboratory. Wigner argued that Groves's order had been superseded, but was forced to terminate the experiments, which were completely different from the one that killed Slotin. Feeling unsuited to a managerial role in such an environment, he left Oak Ridge in 1947 and returned to Princeton University, although he maintained a consulting role with the facility


texts: for many years. In the postwar period, he served on a number of government bodies, including the National Bureau of Standards from 1947 to 1951, the mathematics panel of the National Research Council from 1951 to 1954, the physics panel of the National Science Foundation, and the influential General Advisory Committee of the Atomic Energy Commission from 1952 to 1957 and again from 1959 to 1964. He also contributed to civil defense. Near the end of his life, Wigner's thoughts turned more philosophical.In 1960, he published a now classic article on the philosophy of mathematics and of physics, which has become his best-known work outside technical mathematics and physics, "The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences". He argued that biology and cognition could be the origin of physical concepts, as we humans perceive them, and that the happy coincidence that mathematics and physics were so well matched, seemed to be "unreasonable" and hard to explain. His original paper has provoked and inspired many responses across a wide range of disciplines. These included Richard Hamming in Computer Science, Arthur Lesk in Molecular Biology, Peter Norvig in data mining,  Max Tegmark in Physics, Ivor Grattan-Guinness in Mathematics, and Vela Velupillai in Economics. Turning to philosophical questions about the theory of quantum mechanics, Wigner developed a thought experiment (later called Wigner's Friend paradox) to illustrate his belief that consciousness is foundational to the quantum mechanical measurement process. He thereby followed an ontological approach that sets human's consciousness at the center: "All that quantum mechanics


texts: purports to provide are probability connections between subsequent impressions (also called 'apperceptions') of the consciousness". Measurements are understood as the interactions which create the impressions in our consciousness (and as a result modify the wave function of the "measured" physical system), an idea which has been called the "consciousness causes collapse" interpretation.Interestingly, Hugh Everett III (a student of Wigner) discussed Wigner's thought experiment in the introductory part of his 1957 dissertation as an "amusing, but extremely hypothetical drama". In an early draft of Everett's work, one also finds a drawing of the Wigner's Friend situation, which must be seen as the first evidence on paper of the thought experiment that was later assigned to be Wigner's. This suggests that Everett must at least have discussed the problem together with Wigner. In November 1963, Wigner called for the allocation of 10% of the national defense budget to be spent on nuclear blast shelters and survival resources, arguing that such an expenditure would be less costly than disarmament. Wigner considered a recent Woods Hole study's conclusion that a nuclear strike would kill 20% of Americans to be a very modest projection and that the country could recover from such an attack more quickly than Germany had recovered from the devastation of World War II. <mask> was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1963 "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles". The prize was shared that year, with the other half of the award divided


texts: between Maria Goeppert-Mayer and J. Hans D. Jensen.Wigner professed that he had never considered the possibility that this might occur, and added: "I never expected to get my name in the newspapers without doing something wicked." He also won the Franklin Medal in 1950, the Enrico Fermi award in 1958, the Atoms for Peace Award in 1959, the Max Planck Medal in 1961, the National Medal of Science in 1969, the Albert Einstein Award in 1972, the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in 1974, and the eponymous Wigner Medal in 1978. In 1968 he gave the Josiah Willard Gibbs lecture. Mary died in November 1977. In 1979, Wigner married his third wife, Eileen Clare-Patton (Pat) Hamilton, the widow of physicist Donald Ross Hamilton, the Dean of the Graduate School at Princeton University, who had died in 1972. In 1992, at the age of 90, he published his memoirs, The Recollections of <mask>. Wigner with Andrew Szanton. In it, Wigner said: "The full meaning of life, the collective meaning of all human desires, is fundamentally a mystery beyond our grasp.As a young man, I chafed at this state of affairs. But by now I have made peace with it. I even feel a certain honor to be associated with such a mystery." In his collection of essays 'Philosophical Reflections and Syntheses' (1995), he commented: "It was not possible to formulate the laws of quantum mechanics in a fully consistent way without reference to consciousness." <mask> died of pneumonia at the University Medical Center in Princeton, New Jersey on 1 January 1995. He was survived by his wife Eileen (died 2010) and children Erika, David and Martha, and his sisters Bertha and Margit.

masks:
Eugene P
Wigner


texts:
 Publications
 1958 (with Alvin M. Weinberg).Physical Theory of Neutron Chain Reactors University of Chicago Press. 1959. Group Theory and its Application to the Quantum Mechanics of Atomic Spectra. New York: Academic Press. Translation by J. J. Griffin of 1931, Gruppentheorie und ihre Anwendungen auf die Quantenmechanik der Atomspektren, Vieweg Verlag, Braunschweig. 1970 Symmetries and Reflections: Scientific Essays. Indiana University Press, Bloomington
 1992 (as told to Andrew Szanton).The Recollections of <mask><mask>. Plenum. 1995 (with Jagdish Mehra and Arthur Wightman, eds.). Philosophical Reflections and Syntheses. (Hungarian). Description of the childhood and especially of the school-years in Budapest, with some interesting photos too. Interview with <mask><mask> on John von Neumann at the  Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis – Wigner talks about his association with John von Neumann during their school years in Hungary, their graduate studies in Berlin, and their appointments to Princeton in 1930.Wigner discusses von Neumann's contributions to the theory of quantum mechanics, <mask>'s own work in this area, and von Neumann's interest in the application of theory to the atomic bomb project. including the Nobel Lecture, December 12, 1963 Events, Laws of Nature, and Invariance Principles

1902 births
1995 deaths
Nobel laureates in Physics
American Nobel laureates
Hungarian Nobel laureates
Austro-Hungarian Nobel laureates
20th-century Hungarian mathematicians
American atheists
Jewish atheists
American Lutherans
20th-century American physicists
American people of Hungarian-Jewish descent
Atoms for Peace Award

masks:
Eugene P
. Wigner
Eugene P
. Wigner
Wigner


texts:
 recipients
Technical University of Berlin alumni
Burials at Princeton Cemetery
Enrico Fermi Award recipients
Fasori Gimnázium alumni
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
Hungarian emigrants to the United States
Hungarian atheists
Hungarian Jews
Hungarian Lutherans
20th-century Hungarian physicists
Hungarian nuclear physicists
Jewish American scientists
Jewish physicists
Manhattan Project people
Mathematical physicists
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
National Medal of Science laureates
Oak Ridge National Laboratory people
People from Pest, Hungary
Princeton University faculty
Theoretical physicists
University of Göttingen faculty
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
Winners of the Max Planck Medal
Austro-Hungarian mathematicians
Deaths from pneumonia in New Jersey
People with acquired American


texts:
<mask> (July 23, 1903 – December 5, 1982) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played 100 games in the National Hockey League. Known variously as Chas, Chuck, or "Dinny" <mask>, he was born in Toronto, Ontario, where he played for the amateur Toronto Aura Lee Juniors hockey team and the Toronto Argonauts football team, before eventually playing pro hockey for the Montreal Maroons. The 1924–25 NHL season was the first for both the Maroons and the Boston Bruins, and on December 1, 1924 <mask> earned the first goal ever scored against the Bruins (the Bruins won the game 2-1). He won the Stanley Cup in 1926. He left the game in 1928 to take a job as a bond trader. But in the middle of the 1929-30 NHL season, he asked the Maroons about getting his old job back because he said the stock market did not offer the same thrills as playing in the NHL. Montreal team officials told him that they had no more money in the budget to sign another player, but Dinsmore was insistent and struck a deal by signing a contract to play for the Maroons which would pay him one dollar for the remaining nine games.Early life

Dinsmore played on high school teams for Oakwood Collegiate Institute. In 1919, he was the quarterback of their senior rugby team, which won the High School Rugby League Championship. In 1920 he was on Northview in the junior ORFU league that won the Junior title over Sarnia. He got involved in Canadian football as well as hockey, and also paddled for the Toronto Canoe Club. In 1924, he paddled in the Bala

masks:
Charles Adrian Dinsmore
Dinsmore
Charles


texts:
 Regatta in Muskoka. Football

Dinsmore was a halfback for the 1922 Toronto Argonauts teams with Lionel Conacher, Canada's Athlete of the Half-century. Dinsmore, "is a thick set youngster, powerful and tireless ... and he is as tough as a pineknot."The smallest man on either team, "Little Hercules" slid through the line and he picked up more loose balls than two men on either team. The team went to New York for an exhibition game, struggled with the American rules, losing 55 to 7;  Dinsmore had a 32-yard run. "Dinsmore's loss was one of the most severe a team can suffer. He was one of the greatest secondary defence men ever produced in Canadian football, and his absence weakened the Argo wing line." Hockey

In December 1919, 16 years old, he joined the Toronto Aura Lee Juniors, playing left wing and centre. Their club was on Avenue Road near Davenport. "Dinsmore is only a little fellow, but he is fast and a tricky stick handler."In 1922, Aura Lee defeated St. Mary's to be the OHA Champions. Headline in the newspapers was that Dinsmore was a "Backchecking Star." Dinsmore "roamed the whole front line breaking up rush after rush – a Trojan for work, a skating demon." And Dinsmore even scored two goals, once off the faceoff. When Kitchener was defeating Aura Lee, Dinsmore and Gerald Schnarr got into a mix-up. "Dinsmore came out with a bleeding face from a cut, and he went after Schnarr with his stick. And there was nearly a free-for-all.The police had to pull the combatants apart. Schnarr was lucky not to be badly hurt.


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 Both were chased from the game." They won the J. Ross Robertson Cup, defeated McGill, Quebec Champions, but lost to Fort William. He was awarded a Life Membership to the Aura Lee Club. Professional career

It was Dunc Munro, Captain of the Montreal and Olympic Gold Medal team (Ice hockey at the 1924 Winter Olympics), who used to play with him on the Argos, that got him to sign with the new team Montreal Maroons. He got a no-cut three-year contract.The two also helped training the Montreal football team. Dinsmore checked the whole St. Patrick's team to a standstill. His stick-handling was immense. They couldn't take that puck away from him at all. He saved the game for the Maroons when numerous penalties threatened to bring about their downfall. In the playoff semifinal with the Pittsburgh Pirates (NHL), coach Eddie Gerard said the star of the game was Dinny <mask>, In the NHL championship game in Ottawa, Montreal in the third up 1-0 over the Ottawa Senators (original), finally Coach Gerard sent out "Kid Disturbance," sometimes known as Dinny Dinsmore, to break up the avalanche. He did, He grabbed the puck and heaved it down the ice and then chased down into the thinly populated backfield after it.That brought the Ottawans back ... He certainly is the prize pest of the N.H.L. Each player will get around $1,500 in extra money for winning the playoffs, defeating the Victoria Cougars for the Stanley Cup. 1925–26 NHL season
When he returned in 1929 he was coached by Dunc Munro and played in the 4 playoff games against


texts:
 Boston Bruins, including a 4-hour game with 45 minutes of overtime that was longest in Montreal's history until then. In 1932, he returned to the ice as a reserve referee, but was suspended for inefficient refereeing in 1934. In 1942 he played in an oldtimers benefit game for Victory Loans, Montreal Canadiens versus Maroons. He was a coach at Loyola College (Montreal) (now part of Concordia University), winning the Dominion Intermediate Intercollegiate Championships and one of the first ten named to their Hall of Fame in 1967.Between hockey seasons, he became a manufacturers' agent and travelled to England to get novelty lines. Later developed a welding business. He sold Dinsmore Co. in 1962 for $945,000 and in retirement played golf. He had season tickets for the Montreal Alouettes CFL team, but didn't watch hockey. In 1963 he told a reporter, "I'm strictly a one-sports rooter these days. I love football. The game has developed in so many directions and never ceases to intrigue me....I'm sorry to say that NHL games don't catch my fancy any more. I'm one of those old fogies that was weaned on stickhandling, precision passing, and good old bodychecking. I dislike the board checking, the hooking and holding. It's just not for me, that's all." References

External links
Stats at Legends of Hockey

Obituary at LostHockey.com
Photo at Greatest Hockey Legends
Maroons team photo

1903 births
1982 deaths
Canadian ice hockey centres
Sportspeople from Toronto
Montreal Maroons players
Stanley Cup champions
Ice hockey people


texts: <mask> (born March 17, 1972) is an American retired professional soccer player, two-time Olympic gold medalist, and two-time FIFA Women's World Cup champion. Hailed as a soccer icon, she played as a forward for the United States women's national soccer team from 1987 to 2004. Hamm was the face of the Women's United Soccer Association (WUSA), the first professional women's soccer league in the United States, where she played for the Washington Freedom from 2001 to 2003. She played college soccer for the North Carolina Tar Heels women's soccer team and helped the team win four consecutive NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Championship titles. During her tenure with the national team, Hamm competed in four FIFA Women's World Cup tournaments: the inaugural 1991 in China, 1995 in Sweden, 1999 and 2003 in the United States. She led the team at three Olympic Games, including: 1996 in Atlanta (the first time women's soccer was played), 2000 in Sydney, and 2004 in Athens. She completed her international career having played in 42 matches and scored 14 goals at these 7 international tournaments.Hamm held the record for most international goals scored until 2013 and remains in third place behind former teammate Abby Wambach and Canadian striker Christine Sinclair as of 2017. She currently ranks third in the history of the U.S. national team for international caps (276) and first for career assists (144). Twice named FIFA World Player of the Year in 2001 and 2002, Hamm and her teammate Michelle Akers were hailed by Pelé as two of FIFA's 125 greatest living players when he included them in the FIFA 100 to celebrate the organization's 100th anniversary. Hamm was named U.S. Soccer Female Athlete of the Year five years in a row and won three ESPY awards including Soccer Player of the Year and Female Athlete of the Year. The Women's Sports Foundation named her Sportswoman of the Year in 1997 and 1999. She was inducted into the National Soccer Hall of Fame,


texts:
 Alabama Sports Hall of Fame, Texas Sports Hall of Fame, North Carolina Soccer Hall of Fame, and was the first woman inducted into the World Football Hall of Fame. A co-owner of Los Angeles FC, Hamm is also a global ambassador for FC Barcelona and is on the board of directors of Serie A club A.S. Roma.Author of Go For the Goal: A Champion's Guide to Winning in Soccer and Life, Hamm has been featured in several films and television shows, including the HBO documentary, Dare to Dream: The Story of the U.S. Women's Soccer Team. Early life

Born in Selma, Alabama, <mask> was the fourth of six children of Bill and <mask>. She wore corrective shoes as a toddler after being born with a club foot. Hamm spent her childhood on various United States Air Force bases around the world with her family. While living in Florence, Italy, Hamm first played soccer, which was hugely popular there; her entire family quickly became involved in the sport. At age five, then living in Wichita Falls, Texas, Hamm joined her first soccer team. Her father coached <mask> and her newly adopted brother, 8-year-old Garrett.Hamm played sports from a young age and excelled as a football player on the boys' team at junior high school. As a high school freshman and sophomore, she played soccer for Notre Dame Catholic High School in Wichita Falls. She played at the 1987 U.S. Olympic Festival, the youngest player to play for the United States women's national soccer team. As a new player, she often started as a forward but did not score a goal during her first year on the team. Hamm spent a year at Lake Braddock Secondary School in Burke, Virginia, and helped the Lake Braddock soccer team win the 1989 state championships. Club career

North Carolina Tar Heels, 1989–1993
From 1989 to 1993, Hamm attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where she helped the Tar Heels win four NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Championships in five years. She red-shirted the 1991 season

masks:
Mia
Stephanie Hamm
Mia


texts:
 to focus on preparation for the inaugural 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup in China.North Carolina lost one game of the 95 she played on the team. She earned All-American honors, was named the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) Player of the Year for three consecutive years, and was named ACC Female Athlete of the Year in 1993 and 1994. She graduated from North Carolina in 1994 with the ACC records for goals (103), assists (72), and total points (278). In 2003, she and Michael Jordan were named the ACC's Greatest Athletes of the conference's first fifty years. Hamm was a member of the United States women's national college team that won a silver medal, being defeated by China in the final, at the 1993 Summer Universiade in Buffalo, New York. Washington Freedom, 2001–2003
In 2001, Hamm was a founding player in the first professional women's soccer league in the United States, the Women's United Soccer Association (WUSA), and played for the Washington Freedom from 2001 to 2003. Throughout the league's history, Hamm was hailed as the star of the league and used heavily in marketing and promotion.In a poll of 1,000 advertising executives conducted in 2001, she was voted "the most appealing female athlete", garnering almost twice as many votes as the runner-up Anna Kournikova. During the league's inaugural match between the Freedom and Bay Area CyberRays at RFK Stadium in Washington, D.C., Hamm was fouled in the penalty area resulting in a penalty kick that her teammate Pretinha converted to mark the first goal scored in the league. The Freedom won 1–0. In addition to the 34,148 fans in attendance being greater than any MLS game that weekend, the Turner Network Television (TNT) broadcast reached 393,087 households: more than two MLS games broadcast on ESPN and ESPN2. Playing as a midfielder and forward, Hamm played in 19 of the Freedom's 21 matches during the 2001 season. She led the team in goals (6) and assists (4). The Freedom finished in seventh


texts:
 place during the regular season with a  record.<mask> suffered a knee injury in November 2001 that kept her off the pitch for several months of early 2002. Despite playing only half the 2002 season with the Freedom, she finished the season with eight goals. The team finished in third place during the 2002 season with a  record and advanced to the playoffs. After winning the semi-final against the Philadelphia Charge 1–0, the team was defeated 3–2 by the Carolina Courage in the 2002 WUSA Founders Cup. Hamm scored the Freedom's second goal in the 64th minute. During the 2003 season, Hamm started in 16 of the 19 games in which she played. Her 11 goals ranked second on the team behind Abby Wambach's 13 while her 11 assists ranked first.The Freedom finished in fourth place during the regular season with a  record and secured a berth in the playoffs. Hamm finished her club career as a WUSA champion when the Freedom defeated the Atlanta Beat 2–1 in overtime to win the Founders Cup on August 24, 2003. Retirement
On May 14, 2004, Hamm announced her retirement effective after the 2004 Athens Olympics. Following the 2004 Olympics, <mask> and her teammates played in a 10-game farewell tour in the United States. The final match of the tour against Mexico at the Home Depot Center in Carson, California, on December 8, 2004, marked the final international match for <mask>, Julie Foudy, and Joy Fawcett. The U.S. defeated Mexico 5–0 and Hamm assisted on two of the goals. Hamm retired at age 32 with a record 158 international goals.She and teammates Foudy and Fawcett were honored with a pre-game ceremony where they were presented with framed jerseys and roses in front of 15,549 fans at Home Depot Center in Carson, California. During the 5–0 win against Mexico, Hamm provided the assist on the first two goals. Following her retirement, Hamm's #9 jersey was inherited by midfielder Heather O'Reilly. International career

Women's national team, 1987–2004
Hamm

masks: Hamm Hamm Hamm