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 and the Brit Awards. For his work on Equally Cursed and Blessed, Danvers earned a Best Producer nomination at the Q Awards in 2000. Additional production credits followed for artists like Finlay Quaye, Eagle-Eye Cherry, and Jennifer Paige in the early 2000s. In 1999, Danvers produced a cover version of "Baby, It's Cold Outside" with Cerys Matthews and Tom Jones for Jones's 1999 album, Reload.In the early 2000s, Danvers wrote and produced "More More More," the opening track from Kylie Minogue's eighth studio album Fever. He also wrote and produced "I Believe" on Sophie Ellis-Bextor's debut album Read My Lips. Danvers went on to help develop the careers of new United Kingdom artists KT Tunstall and Corinne Bailey Rae, with credits on each artist's chart-topping debut albums. He co-wrote two tracks, "Under the Weather" and "Stoppin' The Love," on Tunstall's 2004 debut album Eye to the Telescope, and "I'd Like To" on Bailey Rae's self-titled 2006 debut. In 2021, Danvers co-founded Token||Traxx alongside award winning music producer Miles Leonard and other industry heavyweights. Through blockchain and Decentralised Finance (DeFi) technology, the Token||Traxx platform is set to create a whole new income stream to support the traditional and established music community. Graffiti6
While continuing to work with different artists as a producer and songwriter, Danvers met singer-songwriter Jamie Scott, who had just released the album Park Bench Theories under the name Jamie Scott and the Town.While Scott was looking to work with new collaborators to repackage the album, an A&R executive at his label, Polydor, suggested he meet with Danvers. The two wrote the song "Stare into The Sun" together on acoustic guitar; when Danvers produced and sent back the track, Scott was surprised, originally expecting the sound


type: original

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 to emulate that of Park Bench Theories, but enjoyed the wildly different sound so much that they decided to start writing original material together as a duo, collaborating with artist and illustrator Jimi Crayon and calling themselves Graffiti6. Graffiti6 first released their debut album, Colours, on their own independent label, NWFree Music, in October 2010. In April 2011, the duo signed to Capitol Records and re-released the album the following year, with the single "Free" reaching radio charts in the United States, Scandinavia, the Netherlands, and Belgium. Music from the album received syncs for a multitude of TV series and advertising campaigns, including Grey's Anatomy, CSI: NY, Covert Affairs, Victoria's Secret, Hollister, Heineken, MTV, VH1, A second album, The Bridge, was released independently in April 2014. Other work
In 2007, Danvers was the groups mentor on the BBC Three reality TV series Singing with the Enemy. He has also contributed production, orchestration, and arrangements for Wired Strings, the orchestral collective founded by his wife, Rosie.With Wired Strings, Danvers has produced songs for artists such as Noel Gallagher, The Spice Girls, Kanye West, Jay Z, Adele, Tinie Tempah, Emeli Sandé, fun., Raleigh Ritchie, MNEK, Frank Ocean, Enya, and Beyoncé. As part of the Music Producers Guild, he is currently spearheading the Credit Where Credit Is Due campaign, an initiative encouraging the inclusion of music professionals' credits and liner notes within the digital domain. In 2014, he created The 8O8 Drinks Company, which released a whisky in early 2015. He is a landlord with a property in London. References

External links
 – official site

8o8drink.com

English record producers
English songwriters
Living people
Landlords
Musicians from London
Year of birth missing (living


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<mask> (born June 4, 1974) is lead assistant coach for the Minnesota Lynx of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). She is the former head coach of the New York Liberty. A retired professional basketball player, <mask>'s primary position was shooting guard, although she sometimes played small forward or point guard. She was the all-time leading scorer in women's professional basketball, having achieved over 7000 points in both her ABL and WNBA career. In 2016, she was voted one of the WNBA Top 20@20. On March 31, 2018, <mask> was named to the 2018 class of inductees for the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. In the same year, <mask> was also inducted into the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame.Early life
<mask> was born in Logan, Ohio, where she spent her formative years. She began playing basketball as early as the 5th grade on a boys' team and took tap dance and ballet lessons as a youngster. She grew up in a family of student-athletes. Her father, John Jr., played football at Ohio University (OU), and won three varsity letters in the 1960s before becoming a dentist. Her younger brother, Tom, earned three varsity letters playing football at Ohio University as well as being a member on their track and field team. Tom won the 1996 Mid-American Conference championship in the discus throw. Her older brother, John, was a member of one of 11 University of Mount Union football teams that won the NCAA Division III title.He now is the head football coach at Bexley High School. High school career
At Logan High School she was named the national Gatorade National Player of the Year during her senior year as she guided the Lady Chieftains to the Division I Ohio Girls' Basketball state championship game. <mask> was named a High School All-American by the WBCA. She participated in the

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 inaugural WBCA High School All-America Game in 1992, scoring fourteen points, and earning MVP honors. College career
<mask> attended Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio from 1992 to 1996, and helped lead the Buckeyes to a Big Ten championship and the NCAA title game her freshman year. During her career at OSU, <mask> broke the Big Ten scoring record for points scored in a career, in men's or women's basketball. She earned two Big Ten Conference player of the year awards as a senior: the conference's own award and the Chicago Tribune Silver Basketball.<mask> graduated in 1996 with a degree in zoology. On January 21, 2001, Ohio State honored her as the first female Buckeye athlete to have her number retired. She was also inducted into the Ohio State Varsity O Hall of Fame in October 2001. Ohio State statistics
Source

Professional career

ABL
<mask> played for the Columbus Quest of the ABL, helping the team to win both League championships in its only two full seasons of existence. WNBA
In 2005, she became the first American female basketball player to score 5,000 total points in a professional career. On August 16, 2007 she became the first professional women's basketball player to score 6,000 career points (ABL and WNBA combined). At the end of her career in 2013 <mask> had a total of 7,885 professional career points, including 1,433 from the ABL and 6,452 from the WNBA.From 1999 to 2005 <mask> played for the Minnesota Lynx, where her outside shooting was the central focus of the Lynx offense. On July 30, 2005, <mask> was traded to the Detroit Shock along with the Lynx's 2006 second round pick, for Chandi Jones, Stacey Thomas and the Shock's 2006 first round draft pick. In 2006, <mask> became the first WNBA player to win All Star games as a member of both the Eastern and Western

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 Conference teams. She also became the only player to earn both ABL and WNBA championship rings when the Shock won the WNBA title, defeating the Sacramento Monarchs, the same year. <mask> was the MVP of the 2008 WNBA Finals, when the Detroit Shock beat the San Antonio Silver Stars 3–0. On March 16, 2010, <mask> signed a contract with the Washington Mystics as a free agent. On April 29, 2011, <mask> was acquired by the Seattle Storm in a three-team trade with the Washington Mystics and Indiana Fever.At the 2011 WNBA All-Star Game, she was announced as one of the Top 15 players in the fifteen-year history of the WNBA as voted by fans. On September 11, 2011 <mask> became the third player to score 6,000 points in her WNBA career. In 2013, <mask> was picked up by the New York Liberty and announced that the 2013 season would be her last. Europe
During the 2001–02 season she played for Polish Lotos Gdynia. They reached the final of EuroLeague Women. In 2009, she played for Turkish Fenerbahçe Istanbul. National team career
<mask> was chosen to join the team which was invited to the 1993 U19 World Championship (then called the Junior World Championship).The team won five games and lost two, but that left them in seventh place. <mask> was the second leading scorer for the team with 9.9 points per game

<mask> represented the US at the 1995 World University Games held in Fukuoka, Japan in August and September 1995. The team had a record of 5–1, securing the silver medal. The USA team won early and reached a record of 5–0 when the USA beat Yugoslavia. In the semi-final game, the USA faced Russia. The team was behind much of the first half but managed to tie the game at the half. The USA broke the game open in the second half and won 101–74.The gold medal match was against unbeaten Italy. The Italian

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texts: team started strong, scoring 12 of the first 14 points of  the contest. Sylvia Crawley scored eight consecutive points to end the first half, but that left the USA nine points behind. The USA took a small lead in the second half, but the team from Italy responded with a ten-point run, and won the game and the gold medal by a score of 73–65. <mask> averaged 4.4 points per game during the event. <mask> was invited to be a member of the Jones Cup team representing the US in 1996. She helped the team to a 9–0 record, and the gold medal in the event.<mask> averaged 6.8 points per game. As a member of the USAB women's senior national team, <mask> helped the US earn the gold medals in the 2000, 2004 and 2008 Olympics as well as the 1998 and 2002 World Championships. <mask> was named to the USA national team in 1998. The national team traveled to Berlin, Germany in July and August 1998 for the FIBA World Championships. The USA team won a close opening game against Japan 95–89, then won their next six games easily. In the semifinal game against Brazil, the USA team was behind as much as ten points in the first half, but the USA went on to win 93–79. The gold medal game was a rematch against Russia.In the first game, the USA team dominated almost from the beginning, but in the rematch, the team from Russia took the early lead and led much of the way. With under two minutes remaining, the USA was down by two points but the USA responded, then held on to win the gold medal 71–65. <mask> averaged 9.3 points per game. <mask> was named associate head coach of the New York Liberty for the 2016 season. She was elevated to head coach in October 2017. She was the head coach in the 2018 and 2019 seasons, but her contract was not renewed for 2020. <mask> then became the lead assistant coach for the Minnesota

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<mask> (10 December 1784 – 18 September 1870) was an American lawyer who became one of the wealthiest planters in Mississippi in the antebellum era; he owned thousands of acres of land and was among the nine men in Mississippi who owned more than 300 slaves. He was the elder brother (by 23 years) of <mask> and acted as his surrogate father for several years. The younger <mask> became a politician, U.S. Senator, and later President of the Confederacy. In the 1820s, <mask> developed the Hurricane Plantation at Davis Bend, Mississippi. <mask> provided living conditions to his enslaved laborers that were marginally better than on neighboring plantations. <mask> allowed enslaved persons marginal self-government and provided skills training and health care to protect his investment in human life.He left the plantations in 1862 during the American Civil War, but they continued to operate under Union direction, as well as to house black soldiers and refugees. After the war, <mask> received a pardon and regained his lands. But, in the 1867 spring floods, the Mississippi River cut a new channel across the peninsula and transformed Davis Bend into Davis Island. <mask> moved to Vicksburg, selling the plantation to Benjamin Montgomery, his former slave who had been an outstanding manager. <mask> encouraged him in making a community of freedmen. Early life
<mask> <mask> was born on December 10, 1784, near Augusta, Georgia. He was the oldest of the ten children of <mask> and Jane (Cook<mask>.Samuel farmed in Georgia, but in 1793 the <mask> family (by then consisting of the couple, four sons, and a daughter) set out for the newly formed state of Kentucky, where the land was more promising. In

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Joseph Emory Davis
Jefferson Davis
Davis
Joseph Davis
Joseph Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Joseph Emory
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Samuel Davis
) Davis
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 Kentucky, four more daughters were born, and lastly son Jefferson in 1808. <mask> was 23 years older than Jefferson. Legal career
At an early age, <mask> began working in a mercantile house. He studied law in Russellville and in Wilkinson County, Mississippi, where he accompanied his father in 1811 to explore the area. He was admitted to the bar in 1812 and first practiced in Pinckneyville, Mississippi. He also worked as an attorney in Greenville.<mask> kept his connections with associates in Kentucky, serving as the delegate from Jefferson County in the convention that organized the state government in 1817. He took a prominent part in framing its constitution. In 1820 <mask> moved to the river port of Natchez, Mississippi, where he formed a law partnership with Thomas B. Reed, then the leader of the Mississippi bar. They prospered in Natchez. Personal life
<mask> led an amoral personal life. While building his fortune, <mask> fathered three illegitimate daughters, born 1811 through 1823. It was not unusual for unmarried men to have relationships and children before marriage.(It is not known if the daughters had the same mother.) But he acknowledged them publicly, arranged for them to be educated, supported them, and brought them to live in his household for periods of time. Each of the three girls eventually married, aided by their father's wealth and status. They were Florida Ann <mask> (b. March 31, 1811, d. January 18, 1891, Warren County, Mississippi); Mary Lucinda <mask> (b. May 1, 1816, d. November 22, 1846, near Vicksburg,  Mississippi); and <mask> (b. c1823 – d. July 13, 1907, Williamsburg, Virginia). In 1827, the 43-year-old <mask> decided to marry and retire from

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Joseph
Joseph Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Caroline Davis
Davis


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 law.He used his savings to buy land and slaves to become a planter. That year he married Eliza Van Benthuysen (1811–1863) in Natchez; she was 16 years old. Her widowed mother had owned a shoe and boot store in the city, but at the time of the marriage ran a boardinghouse in New Orleans. <mask> also adopted two children, <mask>. Nicholson, the infant son of Mrs. Jane Nicholson, and Martha Quarles, daughter of John Quarles. Martha Quarles was the granddaughter of Martha Brooks Wallace. Martha Wallace reared her until age 13 when the girl started living in <mask>'s household. Mississippi planter
As a cotton planter <mask> made a fortune, becoming "one of the richest men in Mississippi at the onset of the Civil War."He acquired an extensive amount of land and hundreds of slaves. In the late 1820s, he acquired nearly all the land on a peninsula that came to be known as Davis Bend. It was about 15 miles south of Vicksburg, also on the Mississippi River. By 1860 at the beginning of the American Civil War, his Hurricane Plantation included 5,000 acres and 5 miles of riverfront. <mask>, Eliza, and his three natural daughters had first lived in a relatively modest house he had built at Davis Bend in 1827. Later <mask> had a much larger structure built, which was started in 1835. It was a three-story brick mansion, finished in stucco.Large fireplaces heated the twelve rooms in winter. There were also numerous outbuildings. <mask> also acquired one of the best private libraries in the South. This plantation was considered one of the finest establishments on the Mississippi River. <mask> gave his much younger brother <mask> an adjacent 1,000 acres, which he developed as Brierfield

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Davis
Joseph D
Davis
Davis
Davis
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Davis
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 Plantation. The senior <mask> sold some land to other preferred neighbors. Davis Bend was surrounded on three sides by the river.While cotton was <mask>' chief cash crop, his plantation produced other crops, as well as a variety of meats. It was nearly self-sufficient. He had large herds of dairy and beef cattle and was the only planter on the peninsula to have sheep. In 1860 <mask><mask> held 365 slaves. He was one of nine planters in Mississippi to hold more than 300 slaves. They cultivated 1700 acres of improved land at Hurricane Plantation. <mask> worked to create a utopian plantation on a paternalistic model, borrowing from industrial ideas of Robert Owen.He provided improved living conditions and increased autonomy for the slaves, including establishing a plantation court which included a slave jury system. Recognizing the intelligence and leadership of Ben Montgomery, a slave, <mask> made him an overseer. He also entrusted him with running a store on the plantation. Montgomery also negotiated the sale of cotton from both plantations, which was highly unusual for the time. American Civil War
In 1863, after the fall of Vicksburg, <mask> took his family and kidnapped many slaves away from the plantation to Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Such moves were typical of major planters trying to preserve their "property" in chattel. His wife Eliza died the following year.They had no children together. Ben Montgomery continued to run things. But some slaves broke into the Big House and appropriated clothing and furniture. When the Union Army gained control of the area, General Ulysses S. Grant decided to make Davis Bend a "negro paradise" and allowed freedmen to lease land, as well as

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Davis
Joseph Davis
Joseph E
. Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis


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 allowing black refugees to settle in the area. In 1865, Davis Bend raised nearly 2000 bales of cotton which Montgomery arranged for sale at a profit of $160,000. The slave community at Davis Bend had internal conflicts, as well as conflict with some of the military orders during the war. Many left after emancipation.Postwar years
At the war's end, <mask> returned to Vicksburg, slightly upriver from Davis Bend. Although his land had been confiscated during the war, he secured a pardon from President Andrew Johnson. He eventually regained his land from the Freedmen's Bureau, which was managing refugees. Many freedmen had already left by 1867 when Davis Bend got cut off from the mainland. The flooding Mississippi River cut a new channel across the neck of the peninsula, transforming it into the island. <mask> arranged a mortgage for Montgomery, selling him the plantation on a long-term note to make a community of freedmen. The community continued as a cooperative until it failed in the 1880s, at which time Isaiah Montgomery, Benjamin's son, moved the residents to found a new black community in Mound Bayou, Mississippi.<mask> and a granddaughter (born to one of his illegitimate daughters) resided upriver in the city of Vicksburg, from 1868 to his death in 1870. They lived in a grand house known as Anchuca, now on the National Register of Historic Places. <mask> became noted for his benevolence, for he paid to educate many youths of both sexes. See also
 <mask>
 List of slave owners

References

Further reading

1784 births
1870 deaths
 American lawyers
 American planters
 American slave owners
 People of Mississippi in the American Civil War
 <mask> family
 People from Wilkes

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<mask> (1 February 1870 – 12 September 1949) was a Finnish physician who made major contributions to hematology. <mask> disease and <mask>rand factor are named after him. He also researched metabolism, obesity and gout, and was one of the first Finnish physicians to use insulin to treat a diabetic coma. <mask> qualified in medicine in 1896 from the University of Helsinki, where he received his Ph.D in 1899. He worked at the University of Helsinki from 1900 until 1930. From 1908 until his retirement in 1933, he was the head of the department of medicine at the Deaconess Hospital in Helsinki, where he also was physician-in-chief from 1922 to 1931. In 1924, <mask> was consulted about a young girl with a bleeding disorder.He described this disorder in 1926, distinguishing it from hemophilia. The disorder was named after him, becoming known as <mask> disease. The cause of the disease was later discovered to be a deficiency of a protein, now known as von Willebrand factor, that enables hemostasis. Early life and education
<mask> was born on 1 February 1870 in Vaasa, then part of the Grand Duchy of Finland in the Russian Empire. He was the third child of Fredrik <mask> <mask> and Signe Estlander. Fredrik had received a military education and later became an engineer. <mask> belonged to a German noble family; his ancestors settled in Finland in the 18th century.His family belonged to the Swedish-speaking minority in Finland. <mask> attended Vaasa Lyceum, where he excelled in botany, chemistry and zoology. During this time, he spent his summers collecting botanical, lepidopterological and ornithological specimens, and his winters exploring the Gulf of Bothnia. After obtaining his baccalaureate in 1890, he began his studies at the University of Helsinki, then known as the Imperial Alexander University in Finland. Prior to qualifying as a physician in 1896, he spent the summers of 1894

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Erik Adolf von Willebrand
Von Willebrand
von Willeb
Von Willebrand
Von Willebrand
von Willebrand
Von Willebrand
Magnus von
Willebrand
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Von Willebrand


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 and 1895 working as a junior physician at a spa in Åland. After graduation, <mask> became assistant physician in the department of medicine at the Deaconess Hospital in Helsinki, where Ossian Schauman supervised his doctoral thesis on the changes in hemocyte count after venesection. <mask>'s early hematologic investigations also yielded a study on the regeneration of blood in anemia and a description of a method for the staining of blood smears using eosin and methylene blue.He received his Ph.D in 1899 from the University of Helsinki, for the thesis Zur Kenntnis der Blutveränderungen nach Aderlässen ("Blood Changes after Venesection"). Career
After the completion of his dissertation in 1899, <mask> was appointed chief physician at a spa in Heinola, and he shifted his interest from hematology to applied physiology. From 1900 to 1906, he lectured anatomy and later physiology at the University of Helsinki. During this period, he researched thermotherapy, particularly the health effects of saunas, and phototherapy, and invented an apparatus for measuring the dermal excretion of carbon dioxide and water. <mask>'s interest in internal medicine outweighed his interest in balneology and physical therapy, however, and in 1907 he took up the position of chief physician at a municipal hospital in Helsinki. In 1908, he was appointed docent in internal medicine at the University of Helsinki. Concomitant with this appointment, he succeeded Schauman as head of the department of medicine at the Deaconess Hospital in Helsinki.He also took over the laboratory at the Deaconess Hospital, which was renowned for its hematological services. In this position, he studied metabolism, obesity and gout. In 1912, he developed a method for measuring ketone bodies in urine, and the following year discussed dietetic treatments for diabetes. In 1918, nearly two decades after his last paper of the sort,

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 <mask> resumed his publishing of hematologic works, releasing studies on aplastic, hypochromic and pernicious anaemia. He also published a study regarding heart valve conditions based on data from over 10,000 autopsies performed in Helsinki from 1867 to 1916, and was a pioneer in the use of insulin, describing in 1922 its use in the treatment of diabetic comas. In February 1924, he successfully brought a moribund patient out of a diabetic coma through the application of insulin, using some of the first batch of the hormone ever delivered to Finland. <mask> remained at the University of Helsinki until 1930.He was physician-in-chief of the Deaconess Hospital from 1922 to 1931, and became honorary professor in 1930. He remained head of the Deaconess Hospital's department of medicine until his retirement in 1933. <mask> continued to publish articles after his retirement. On his 75th birthday, he released his last paper, entitled En genetisk blodsykdom blant innbyggerne på Åland ("A genetic blood disease amongst the islanders of Åland"). Von Willebrand disease

In April 1924, <mask> was consulted about Hjördis Sundblom, a five-year-old girl with a severe bleeding condition. Hjördis was the ninth of 11 children in a family from Föglö, one of the Åland Islands. She experienced regular bleeding from the nose, lips, gums and skin, as did six of her siblings.Three of her sisters had died due to the condition, and eight years later Hjördis died due to menorrhagia. Hjördis was brought to Von Willebrand's laboratory in Helsinki and he did not himself visit Föglö, but with the cooperation of a local schoolteacher he mapped the family pedigree. He found that the condition was present in the three previous generations, on both sides of Hjördis' family. 16 of the 35 women analysed had the condition (to a mild or severe degree), and 7 of the 31 men analysed had the condition (to a slight


texts: degree). An analysis of the heredity involved led <mask> to assume the inheritance was dominant, in contrast to hemophilia which was known to be a recessive disorder. The condition also differed from hemophilia in that it affected females at least as often as males. He published a Swedish-language article in 1926 about the disease, titled Hereditär pseudohemofili ("Hereditary pseudohemophilia").He referenced six previous publications from the years of 1876 to 1922, totalling 19 cases on families with bleeding diatheses. The earlier authors attributed the condition to hemophilia (even in the cases of females) or to thrombopathy, which was discovered shortly before as the cause of what had previously been known as purpura hemorrhagica or Werlhof's disease. <mask> also conducted hematological examinations on Hjördis and some of her family members. He recorded a normal or slightly reduced number of platelets and an undisturbed clot retraction, unlike Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. The bleeding time (Duke) was greatly prolonged, extending to more than 2 hours in some cases, while the clotting time was within the normal range. He concluded that the disease was either a new form of thrombopathy or a condition of the capillary endothelium. <mask> published a German-language version of Hereditär pseudohemofili in 1931, which attracted international attention in the disease.Blood samples were sent to researchers at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, and to several researchers in Europe, including  in Leipzig. Jürgens contacted <mask> and together they conducted studies on his patients. They also researched hemorheology, seeking to understand the underlying mechanism of bleeding disorders. In 1933 they co-authored an account of the disease, renaming it "constitutional thrombopathy". Numerous papers were subsequently published on the disease and it became eponymously known


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 as von Willebrand disease between the late 1930s and the early 1940s. In 1957, it was discovered that <mask>rand disease is caused by a deficiency of a protein in blood plasma that enables hemostasis. The protein was characterised in 1971, and is known as von Willebrand factor.Von Willebrand factor has two functions. Firstly, it is the carrier molecule for factor VIII, the anti-hemophilic factor. Secondly, it promotes the aggregation of platelets and attachment to the vessel wall. In 2011, Jan van Gijn and Joost P. Gijselhart, writing in the Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde, remarked that <mask> was not far wrong when he named the disease "hereditary pseudohemophilia". Personal life and death
In his personal life, <mask> was described as a mild-mannered and modest man. He married Walborg Maria Antell in 1900, and had two daughters. As a member of the Swedish-speaking minority in Finland, he was a supporter of Ossian Schauman's Folkhälsan, which promoted social welfare and health care for Swedish-speaking Finns.His research on the bleeding condition of the Åland islanders was of particular interest to him, as it was a hereditary disorder that affected the Swedish-speaking minority. After his retirement in 1933 he became an avid gardener and a supporter of nature conservation. <mask> died on 12 September 1949, at the age of 79. In 1994, he was commemorated with a stamp issued by Åland. The stamp was one in a set of two: the other commemorated <mask>, known for his pioneering work on heparin. Publications
The following list of publications is compiled from Lassila, R.; Lindberg, O. (2013)."<mask> <mask>". Haemophilia. 19 (5): 645. References

Sources

1870 births
1949 deaths
Academics of the University of Helsinki
Finnish hematologists
Finnish people of German descent
People from Vaasa
Swedish-speaking Finns
University of Helsinki alumni
20th-century Finnish

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Von Willebrand
Von Willebrand
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<mask>, Countess of Carlisle (née Cavendish; 12 July 1783 – 8 August 1858) was a British noblewoman. She was born after nine years of childless marriage between William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire, and his wife, Lady <mask>, the political hostess and socialite. As such, she was a member of one of the country's grandest and richest families. In 1801, the young Georgiana married George Howard, Viscount Morpeth, later becoming Countess of Carlisle upon her husband's accession in 1825. Their twelve children included the 7th and 8th Earls of Carlisle. Another child, the Duchess of Sutherland, was Mistress of the Robes and a close friend to Queen Victoria. Family and early life

Lady Georgiana Dorothy Cavendish was born on 12 July 1783 at Devonshire House, the eldest child of William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire, who controlled one of the largest fortunes in England and belonged to one of the country's leading families.Her mother was Lady <mask> Spencer, the famous political hostess and socialite. The new baby, born during a difficult labour, arrived after nine years of childlessness and six days after her first cousin Frederick. Called "Little G" by her mother, the baby was named after Lady Georgiana and her aunt the Duchess of Portland, who also served as a godparent alongside Lord John Cavendish and the Prince of Wales, later George IV. The Duchess of Devonshire chose to breastfeed the infant herself and did not employ a wet nurse, an unusual decision for a member of the upper class; her husband's family was displeased with her choice, as they felt it conflicted with the task of birthing a male heir. A month after her birth, "Little G" was christened alongside her cousin Frederick at the church in Wimbledon Park – the same place the Duke and Duchess married nine years earlier. The Duke had predicted their first child would be a girl and was disappointed, though the Duchess asserted

masks:
Georgiana Dorothy Howard
Georgiana Spencer
Georgiana


texts: that at least it proved her capable of bearing a son. The Devonshire title and wealth was still destined to pass to a separate branch of the family unless the couple produced a male heir.A sister, Harriet, was born two years later; the two sisters would remain close all their lives. In 1790 the Duke and Duchess finally had a son, William Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington. In the early 1790s, the Duke and Duchess separated after she bore an illegitimate child to her lover, Charles, Earl Grey. She went to the continent, only returning in late 1793. The Duchess had not seen her children for two years, and observed upon her return that "Georgiana is very handsome" while Harriet was "still fat" and William "very cruel to me". The Duchess was also saddened to find that Little G, then ten-years old, lacked self-confidence. The young girl would not let her mother out of her sight, and had developed strong religious sensibilities centring on her own perceived sins.The two shared a love of books and other interests; the Duchess's biographer, Amanda Foreman, writes "Georgiana treasured Little G's company so greatly that she could never bear to say a harsh word towards her". In 1800, the Duchess prepared Little G for her presentation at court. The task was difficult; débutantes were expected to display grace and dignity or face the ruin of their first London season. However, young Georgiana had not inherited her mother's poise and ease of movement, and tended to keep her head down. Her court dress, complemented with the Cavendish diamonds, was considered a dramatic success. Soon after, she came out in society during a ball held in her honour. Lady Holland observed Georgiana and described her as "a most charming girl–sensible, pleasing, full of information and totally without a particle of affectation, and if she bestows herself upon a man equal to her situation, I have no doubt she will make a most


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 delightful wife".Marriage
Potential suitors in marriage included Lord John Russell and George Howard, Viscount Morpeth. Russell was nearly twenty years older than Georgiana, while Howard was approximately eleven years her senior. The Duchess of Devonshire favoured Morpeth, who was the eldest son of the 5th Earl of Carlisle. Morpeth met Georgiana for the first time at the coming out ball, and he was invited back to a house party at Chatsworth House later that year. No engagement occurred, however; to convince his daughter to agree to the match, the Duke of Devonshire offered Georgiana a £30,000 dowry and the use of their London residence Londesborough House. She did not agree until Christmas later that year, marrying Morpeth on 21 March 1801 when she was seventeen. Lady Holland characterised it as "a suitable match in every respect.Without possessing great beauty she has many charms". The new couple would have a happy marriage. After the wedding, the new Lady Morpeth went to live with her husband's family at Castle Howard in Yorkshire. She was surprised to discover a patriarchal family culture that emphasised showing little affection to children, in contrast to her own background being raised by her loving mother. Georgiana's sister Harriet likened the relationship between the 5th Earl of Carlisle and his children to "a Prince and his followers", adding that "Lord <mask> certainly keeps his children in great awe of him". Lord and Lady Morpeth would have six sons and six daughters together; she raised them all devotedly in contrast to the pre-existing environment of the household. The birth of their second son Edward in December 1809 delayed the marriage of her sister Harriet to Lord Granville Leveson-Gower.Georgiana was present at the birth of Harriet's first child Susan in 1810. In early 1803, Georgiana and Morpeth joined her aunt Lady Bessborough in Paris. There, Bessborough and her


texts:
 niece were popular guests of the French nobility. The Duchess of Devonshire died later that year, on 30 March, having been ill for some time. Georgiana and other close relatives were present at her death. The Duke, aloof and away, had never been close to their three children. Once widowed, he made a greater attempt than before to become acquainted with them.However, the Duke's last unmarried daughter Harriet was unhappy with the presence of her father's long-time mistress, Lady Elizabeth Foster, in the household; Harriet frequently went to live with her elder sister. Harriet's son Frederick later wrote that the experience "strengthened the tie of sisterly affection, which bound them together during the whole of their joint lives". From 1801 onwards, Cavendish wrote to her sister almost daily until the latter's death in 1858. To their dismay, in 1809 the Duke married Foster, whom they had never liked; he died two years later. Countess of Carlisle
In 1825, Morpeth succeeded his father as 6th Earl of Carlisle, making Georgiana the Countess of Carlisle. Georgiana's nephew once remarked that she thought of politics and "nothing else", while her sister cared little for it. In 1838, Lady Carlisle articulated a negative opinion of Charles Dickens, who was then emerging as a successful author."I know there are such unfortunate beings as pickpockets and streetwalkers. I am very sorry for it and am very much shocked at their mode of life, but I own I do not much wish to hear what they say to one another", she said. Historian Judith Lewis cites this opinion as evidence of the prevalence of class consciousness during the 19th-century, as Lady Carlisle was "one of the more inoffensive of the grand dames of her time". The Earl of Carlisle died in October 1848 at Castle Howard. The 6th Duke of Devonshire died in 1858; in his will, he left his sister Georgiana Chiswick House in Middlesex, a favourite


texts:
 residence of their parents. She died seven months later, and the house went to Georgiana's sister Harriet. Issue
The Earl and Countess of Carlisle had twelve children:

George Howard, 7th Earl of Carlisle (18 April 1802 – 5 December 1864)
Lady <mask> Howard (24 June 1803 – 27 November 1881) she married William Lascelles on 14 May 1823.They have nine children. Lady <mask> Howard (1804 – 17 March 1860) she married George Agar-Ellis, 1st Baron Dover on 7 March 1822. They have four children. The Honorable Frederick George Howard (8 June 1805 – 18 November 1834)
Lady Harriet Elizabeth Georgina Howard (21 May 1806 – 27 October 1868) she married George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 2nd Duke of Sutherland on 28 May 1823. They have eleven children. William George Howard, 8th Earl of Carlisle (23 February 1808 – 29 March 1889). Edward Granville George Howard, 1st Baron Lanerton (23 December 1809 – 8 October 1880) he married Diana Ponsonby, on 16 August 1842.Lady <mask> Howard (11 January 1812 – 27 April 1840) she married William Cavendish, 7th Duke of Devonshire on 6 August 1829. They have five children. The Honorable Charles Wentworth George Howard (27 March 1814 – 11 April 1879) he married Mary Parke (daughter of James Parke, Baron Wensleydale) on 8 August 1842. They only had one son: George Howard, 9th Earl of Carlisle. Lady Elizabeth Dorothy <mask> Howard (8 December 1816 – 11 May 1891) she married  Reverend Francis Richard Grey (son of Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey) on 12 August 1840. The Honorable Henry George Howard (22 May 1818 – 10 August 1879) he married Mary McTavish (daughter of John McTavish) on 29 May 1845. Lady Mary Matilda <mask> Howard (28 January 1823 – 17 September 1892) she married Henry Labouchere, 1st Baron Taunton on 13 July 1852.Ancestry

References

Works cited

1783 births
1858 deaths
Georgiana
Daughters of English dukes
English political

masks:
Caroline Georgiana
Georgiana
Blanche Georgiana
Anne Georgiana
Georgiana


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<mask> (born August 10, 1953) is an American poet and memoirist best known for his work My Alexandria. He was the winner of the National Book Award for Poetry in 2008. Early life
<mask> was born in Maryville, Tennessee to Lawrence and <mask>, with an older sister, <mask>. He earned a Bachelor of Arts from Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa, and received his Master of Fine Arts in creative writing from Goddard College in Plainfield, Vermont. Career
Doty's first collection of poems, Turtle, Swan, was published by David R. Godine in 1987; a second collection, Bethlehem in Broad Daylight, appeared from the same publisher in 1991. Booklist described his verse as "quiet, intimate" and praised its original style in turning powerful young urban experience into "an example of how we live, how we suffer and transcend suffering". Doty's "Tiara" was printed in 1990 in an anthology called Poets for Life: Seventy-Six Poets Respond to AIDS.This poem critiques the way society perceived and treated homosexual AIDS sufferers. The 1980s marked the beginning of the AIDS epidemic in the United States. The Reagan administration's delayed action to fight AIDS resulted in thousands of deaths, especially among young gay men. Some believe the initial reluctance to mobilize was due to homophobia—society was, at the time, uncomfortable with gay sexuality. This poem criticizes the idea that gay men "invite[d] their own oppression as a consequence of pleasure." The poem's phrase "he asked for it" represents this common, unsympathetic opinion about gay men with AIDS. Imagery like "perfect stasis" and "body's paradise" is used by Doty to paint a future beyond brutality and discrimination for AIDS sufferers.According to Landau, <mask>'s poems were "humane and comforting narratives" that offered hope to

masks:
Mark Doty
Mark Doty
Ruth Doty
Sarah Alice Doty
Doty


texts: people living with HIV and stood in contrast to the hostile climate of the United States. His third book of poetry, My Alexandria (University of Illinois Press, 1993), reflects the grief, perceptions and new awareness gained in the face of great and painful loss. In 1989, <mask>'s partner Wally Roberts tested positive for HIV. The collection, written while Roberts had not yet become ill, contemplates the prospect of mortality, desperately attempting to find some way of making the prospect of loss even momentarily bearable. My Alexandria was chosen for the National Poetry Series by Philip Levine, and won the National Book Critics Circle Award and the Los Angeles Times Book Prize. When the book was published in the U.K. by Jonathan Cape, <mask> became the first American poet to win the T.S. Eliot Prize, Britain's most significant annual award for poetry.<mask> had begun the poems collected in Atlantis (HarperCollins, 1995) when Roberts died in 1994. The book won the Bingham Poetry Prize and the Ambassador Book Award. Heaven's Coast: A Memoir (HarperCollins, 1996), is a meditative account of losing a loved one, and a study in grief. The book received the PEN Martha Albrand Award First Nonfiction. <mask> is the author of nine books of poetry, most recently Deep Lane (W.W. Norton, 2015), a book of descents: into the earth beneath the garden, into the dark substrata of a life. He has also written essays on still life painting, objects and intimacy, and a handbook for writers. His volumes of poetry include Sweet Machine (HarperCollins, 1998), Source, (HarperCollins, 2002), School of the Arts (HarperCollins, 2005) and Fire to Fire: New and Selected Poems (HarperCollins, 2008), which received the National Book Award.<mask>'s three memoirs include Heaven's Coast, described as "searing"

masks: Doty Doty Doty Doty Doty


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 by The New York Times, is the excruciating journaling of his thoughts subsequent to hearing his lover's diagnosis with AIDS, a work "layered" with awarenesses like Dante's trip through hell (HarperCollins, 1996), and Firebird: A Memoir, an autobiography from six to sixteen, which tells the story of his childhood in the American South and in Arizona (HarperCollins, 1999). These first two
memoirs received the American Library Associations Israel Fishman Non-Fiction Award. His most recent memoir, Dog Years (HarperCollins, 2005), was a New York Times Bestseller and received the Barbara Gittings Literature Award from the American Library Association in 2008. Doty's essays include Still Life with Oysters and Lemon (Beacon Press, 2001), a book-length essay about 17th-century Dutch painting and our relationships to objects, and The Art of Description (Graywolf Books, 2010), a collection of four essays in which, "Doty considers the task of saying what you see, and the challenges of rendering experience through language." He served as guest editor for "The Best American Poetry 2012 (Scribners, 2012). <mask> has taught at the University of Iowa, Princeton University, Sarah Lawrence College, Columbia University, Cornell and NYU. He was the John and Rebecca Moores Professor in the graduate program at The University of Houston Creative Writing Program for ten years, and is  Distinguished Professor and Writer-in-Residence in the Department of English at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, New Jersey, where he directs Writers House.He has also participated in The Juniper Summer Writing Institute at the University of Massachusetts Amherst's MFA Program for Poets & Writers, and was on the faculty of the Bread Loaf Writers' Conference in August 2006. He is the inaugural judge of the White


texts:
 Crane/James White Poetry Prize for Excellence in Gay Men's Poetry. Doty was a judge for the 2013 Griffin Poetry Prize. In 2014, he was welcomed as a trustee of the Griffin Trust For Excellence In Poetry. In 2011, <mask> was elected a Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets. Personal life
From 1995 until 2010, his partner was the writer Paul Lisicky. They were married in 2008 and divorced in 2013.He currently lives with his partner Alexander Hadel in New York City and in the hamlet of The Springs in East Hampton, New York. The couple married October 2015 in Muir Woods National Monument. Awards

 1992 National Poetry Series Winner for My Alexandria
 1993 National Book Critics Circle Award in Poetry for My Alexandria
 1993 Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Poetry for My Alexandria
 1994 Guggenheim Fellowship for Humanities
 1994 Whiting Award
 1995 T.S. Eliot Prize for My Alexandria
 1995, 2001, 2008 Lambda Literary Award for Gay Men's Poetry for Atlantis, Source, Fire to Fire
 1997 Pen/Martha Albrand Award for First Nonfiction for Heaven's Coast
 1999 Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Writers' Award
 2007 Lambda Literary Award for Gay Memoir/Biography for Dog Years
 2008 Stonewall Book Award for Dog Years
 2008 National Book Award for Poetry
 2018 Robert Creeley Award

Bibliography

Poetry
Collections

 . Reprinted with Turtle, Swan by University of Illinois Press, 2000.

 . Reprinted from Sweet Machine.

 . Reprint of Turtle, Swan, and Bethlehem in Broad Daylight, with a selection of early poems.
 . With Darren Waterston. List of poems

Memoir

Edited
 2003: Open House: Writers Redefine Home, St. Paul: Graywolf Books

Essays

  (Subscription Required)
  (Subscription Required)

Performances and recorded media

Live performance
 2014: The Poetry Brothel, November


texts:
<mask>an (; born 26 January 1996) is a South Korean professional footballer who plays as a forward for Premier League club Wolverhampton Wanderers and the South Korea national team. <mask> is nicknamed the "Bull" (Hwangso) in South Korea due to his aggressive playing style and surname. Early life
<mask>an was born in Chuncheon, but his entire family moved to Bucheon right after his birth. They lived there until he was eleven years old. He started to play football in Singok Elementary School in Uijeongbu. In 2008, he scored the most goals in both Hwarangdaegi Tournament and Dongwon Youth Cup, which were South Korean national youth competitions. His performance also continued in South Korean national under-12 team.He scored 22 goals in Kanga Cup, which was the highest record in history of the tournament. With outstanding performances in these competitions, he was awarded the grand prize of the Cha Bum-kun Football Award, given to the greatest youth footballers in South Korea. After graduating from Singok Elementary School, he entered Pohang Jecheol Middle School and started to play in the school's football club, the Pohang Steelers under-15 team. In 2011, his team won the middle school division of the Korean National School League, hosted by Korean FA, and Hwang received the MVP award of the competition. Subsequently, he joined Pohang Jecheol High School and the Pohang Steelers under-18 team. In the 2013 K League Junior, contested between youth teams of K League clubs, he scored 12 goals in 12 games for his team, helping his high school to win the league. In the following high school division of the National School League, he became the top scorer and the MVP with Pohang's

masks:
Hwang Hee ch
Hwang
Hwang Hee ch


texts:
 title.Club career

Red Bull Salzburg
In December 2014, Pohang Steelers intended to sign forward <mask> Hee-chan as a homegrown player, however he signed with Austrian club Red Bull Salzburg eventually. On 3 November 2016, <mask> came off the bench and scored a brace in a Europa League match for Salzburg against Ligue 1 side Nice, contributing to his team's first Europa win of the campaign. He failed to score in his first Austrian Bundesliga season. During the 2017–18 season Salzburg had their best ever European campaign. They finished top of their Europa League group, for a record fourth time, before beating Real Sociedad and Borussia Dortmund thus making their first-ever appearance in the quarter-finals of UEFA Europa League. On 12 April, <mask> scored a goal against Lazio, leading a 4–1 victory to proceed to the semi-finals. On 3 May 2018, <mask> played in the second away match of the semi-final, when Salzburg defeated Marseille by 1–2 but lost on aggregate 3–2.On 31 August 2018, <mask> joined Hamburger SV on a loan deal until the end of 2018–19 season. During the 2019–20 season, Hwang drew plaudits alongside Salzburg's attacking players Erling Haaland and Takumi Minamino. The trio were particularly praised for their exploits in the Champions League, where Hwang was involved in eight goals by recording three goals and three assists, and winning two penalty kicks. <mask>'s playing style has been described as energetic with accurate passing and an eye for dribbling. In all competitions, Hwang had a remarkable season scoring 16 goals and providing 22 assists in 40 appearances. RB Leipzig
On 8 July 2020, <mask> signed for RB Leipzig on a five-year contract. On 12 September, he

masks: Hwang Hwang Hwang Hwang Hwang Hwang Hwang


texts:
 scored a goal and created an assist against Nürnberg in the first round of the 2020–21 DFB-Pokal, where he made his debut.He helped Leipzig to reach the 2021 DFB-Pokal Final by scoring against VfL Wolfsburg and Werder Bremen, though he was a substitute. However, he failed to score in his first German Bundesliga season. Wolverhampton Wanderers
On 29 August 2021 Hwang joined Premier League side Wolverhampton Wanderers on a season long loan. On 11 September, <mask> scored Wolves' second goal away to Watford on his debut as a second-half substitute in a 2–0 win. He then got his first goals at Molineux on 2 October, as he scored both goals in Wolves' 2–1 win against Newcastle United, both strikes coming from similarly tight angles. On 26 January 2022, the club announced that they had activated a clause in his loan deal that would see him join the club on a permanent deal on 1 July 2022, upon the expiration of his loan, signing a contract until 2026.

International career
In the 2012 AFC U-16 Championship, South Korea was eliminated in the quarter-finals, but <mask> became the top scorer of the tournament with five goals including a hat-trick against North Korea. <mask> participated in the 2016 Summer Olympics and scored a goal in a group match against Germany, which was finished as a 3–3 draw.In a friendly on 28 March 2018, <mask> scored South Korea's second goal against Poland, with the match ending in a 3–2 loss. In the 2018 FIFA World Cup, he played all of the three group matches for South Korea. He was on the starting line up in the first two games, but faced defeats. He participated in the last game against Germany as a substitute, but went out of the field again after having

masks: Hwang Hwang Hwang Hwang


texts:
 difficulty in executing team's tactics during 20 minutes. South Korea finally won a victory, but the manager Shin Tae-yong felt guilty for Hwang. Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list South Korea's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Hwang goal. Honours
Red Bull Salzburg
Austrian Bundesliga: 2015–16, 2016–17, 2017–18, 2019–20
Austrian Cup: 2015–16, 2016–17, 2019–20

RB Leipzig
DFB-Pokal runner-up: 2020–21

South Korea U23
Asian Games: 2018
AFC U-23 Championship runner-up: 2016

Individual
AFC U-16 Championship top goalscorer: 2012

References

External links

<mask>-Hee-chan-Official
<mask> Hee-chan – National Team Stats at KFA

1996 births
Living people
People from Chuncheon
Association football forwards
South Korean footballers
South Korea under-17 international footballers
South Korea under-20 international footballers
South Korea under-23 international footballers
South Korea international footballers
South Korean expatriate footballers
Austrian Football Bundesliga players
FC Red Bull Salzburg players
FC Liefering players
Expatriate footballers in Austria
South Korean expatriate sportspeople in Austria
Footballers at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers of South Korea
2018 FIFA World Cup players
Footballers at the 2018 Asian Games
Asian Games medalists in football
Asian Games gold medalists for South Korea
Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games
2.Bundesliga players
2019 AFC Asian Cup players
Bundesliga players
RB Leipzig players
Expatriate footballers in Germany
South Korean expatriate sportspeople in Germany
South Korean expatriate sportspeople in England
Premier League players
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.

masks: Hwang Hwang


texts:
<mask> (full name: <mask>, ; born 1946) is a Hassid, rabbi, author, social philosopher and public speaker. He is also the dean of the Bais Chana Institute of Jewish Studies. <mask> authored Doesn't Anyone Blush Anymore?, which was published in 1990 and is currently in its fourth printing. He is featured in the documentary films: The Lost Key (2014), The Jewish Journey: America (2015), and “Patterns of Evidences” (2017). Biography
Born in Prague, Czechoslovakia in 1946, <mask> immigrated with his family to the United States in 1951. He received his rabbinic ordination at the Rabbinical College of Canada in 1969. Activities
In 1971, inspired by the teachings of the Lubavitcher Rebbe, <mask> as a shaliach ("emissary") cofounded the Bais Chana Women International, an Institute for Jewish Studies in Minnesota for women with little or no formal Jewish education.He has served as the school's dean since its inception. From 1984 to 1990, he served as the simultaneous translator for a series of televised talks by the Lubavitcher Rebbe. <mask> briefly served as senior translator for Jewish Educational Media, Inc.

<mask> has lectured in cities throughout the US, as well as London, Hong Kong, Cape Town, and Johannesburg in South Africa, Melbourne and Sydney in Australia, and a number of South and Central American cities. In the wake of the natural disasters in 2004 and 2005, <mask> authored a practical guide to help rescue and relief workers properly understand and deal with the needs of Jewish survivors. <mask> is the most popular rabbi on YouTube, with over 180,000 subscribers as of February 2022. <mask> <mask> is a Kohen. He is the brother of the Jewish singer Avraham Fried and father of contemporary Jewish religious music vocalist <mask>.Teachings
Though not extensively published in book form, <mask>'s teachings have been cited by many authors writing on various secular issues as well as on exclusively Jewish topics. <mask> has been quoted in:
Shmuley Boteach, The Private Adam (2005) and Dating Secrets of the Ten Commandments

masks:
Manis Friedman
Menachem Manis HaKohen Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Friedman
Family Manis
Friedman
Benny Friedman
Friedman
Friedman


texts:
 (2001)
Barbara Becker Holstein, Enchanted Self: A Positive Therapy (1997)
Angela Payne, Living Every Single Moment: Embrace Your Purpose Now (2004)
Sylvia Barack Fishman, A Breath of Life: Feminism in the American Jewish Community (1995)

In their autobiographies, Playing with Fire: One Woman's Remarkable Odyssey by Tova Mordechai (1991) and Shanda: The Making and Breaking of a Self-Loathing Jew by Neal Karlen (2004), the authors ascribe <mask> a role in their increasing religiosity. Views on love, marriage and femininity

Two types of love
According to <mask>, the love between spouses must overcome the differences between the two parties, generating greater intensity in the relationship. By contrast the love between other family members are predicated upon the commonness the two parties share. <mask> further states that husband and wife, male and female, in essence always remain strangers; for  this reason the acquired love in the relationship is never entirely consistent. Fidelity
On fidelity in marriage, <mask> is quoted stating "If you help yourself to the benefits of being married when you are single, you're likely to help yourself to the benefits of being single when you're married." Femininity
Sociologist Lynn Davidman interviewed a number of students studying under <mask> in 1983.She quotes <mask> saying that a woman "violates herself" if she were to refrain from having children and that birth control is a "violent violation of a woman's being". <mask> insisted that the teenage angst experienced by girls stems from the fact that they are already biologically and psychologically ready for marriage but their urges are held back; he believes that girls should optimally get married at the age of fourteen. According to Davidman, <mask>'s position on femininity differed entirely from the values of his students. Controversies

On the Israeli-Arab conflict
<mask> has claimed that the moral way to fight a war is to "Destroy their holy sites. Kill men, women and children (and cattle)," and that if Israel followed this wisdom

masks: Friedman Friedman Friedman Friedman Friedman Friedman Friedman Friedman Friedman


texts:
 from the Bible, there would be "no civilian casualties, no children in the line of fire, no false sense of righteousness, in fact, no war." After receiving criticism <mask> clarified that "any neighbor of the Jewish people should be treated, as the Torah commands us, with respect and compassion." <mask> later clarified that when he was quoting from the Torah he was not advocating to actually kill anyone, rather if Israel would threaten to do these things, it would scare its enemies and prevent war.On victims of pedophilia
<mask> was quoted that survivors of child sexual abuse are not as deeply damaged as some claim and should learn to overcome their traumatic experiences. <mask>'s comments were received poorly by advocates who saw his statements as trivialising the experiences of the victims. <mask> subsequently issued an apology for the offensive remarks. On victims of the holocaust
According to the Australian Jewish News, <mask>, in a speech in the 1980s, framed the holocaust as part of a divine plan. <mask> reportedly stated “Who in fact died and who remained alive had nothing to do with the Nazis,” and “not a single Jewish child died because of the Nazis … they died in their relationship with God.” According to the paper, <mask>'s statements were not well received by local holocaust survivors. Published works
 Doesn't Anyone Blush Anymore? Reclaiming Modesty, Intimacy and Sexuality
 The Relief and Rescue Workers Guide to Judaism - a Rescue Workers Handbook
 The Joy of Intimacy: A Soulful Guide to Love, Sexuality & Marriage

See also
 Simon Jacobson
 Tzvi Freeman

References

External links

 A collection of articles and audio classes by Rabbi <mask> <mask>
 Ongoing series of lectures in video and audio form
Official YouTube Channel

1946 births
Living people
21st-century rabbis
Jewish biblical scholars
American Hasidic rabbis
American people of Czech-Jewish descent
Chabad-Lubavitch (Hasidic dynasty)
Czechoslovak emigrants to the United States
20th-century Jewish biblical scholars
21st-century Jewish biblical

masks: Friedman Friedman Friedman Friedman Friedman Friedman Friedman Friedman Manis Friedman


texts:
<mask> is an American heiress and Republican political donor who is the director of the Mercer Family Foundation. She began overseeing day-to-day operations of political projects for the <mask> family when the <mask>s became involved in conservative causes. Her father, billionaire <mask>, said in November 2017 that he had sold his stake in the news site Breitbart to his daughters. In August 2018, she funded and co-founded the social networking service Parler. Early life and education
<mask> is the daughter of Diana Lynne (Dean) and billionaire hedge fund manager <mask>; Rebekah is the second of the <mask>s' three daughters. She was raised in Yorktown Heights, a suburb of New York. <mask> studied biology and mathematics at Stanford University and earned a master's degree in 1999 from Stanford in management science and engineering.She worked as a Wall Street trader at Renaissance Technologies, the hedge fund her father has helped lead, and, with her sisters, owned a gourmet cookie company, Ruby et Violette, which sells cookies online. Political activities
<mask> first became widely known in conservative circles in 2012 after Mitt Romney's defeat in the presidential election. She spoke to a group of wealthy conservative donors at New York's University Club about what the GOP had done wrong in canvassing and technology operations during the election cycle. <mask> helped start Reclaim New York with Steve Bannon in 2013. The organization trains citizens to watch their government closely, and uses freedom-of-information laws to force the New York government to disclose public spending. <mask> joined the board of the Heritage Foundation in 2014 as a trustee. A September 2016 Politico headline called her "the most powerful woman in GOP politics."She has been more aligned with the anti-establishment part of the GOP than most other big Republican donors. Newsmax Media owner Christopher Ruddy called her the "First Lady of the Alt-Right". <mask> supported Mitt Romney in 2012 and Ted Cruz for the 2016 presidential election. After Trump won the GOP nomination, she and her father switched their support to him. <mask> supported Jeff Sessions for Secretary of State over Mitt Romney. 2016 presidential election
<mask>, along with her

masks:
Rebekah Mercer
Mercer
Mercer
Robert Mercer
Mercer
Robert Mercer
Mercer
Mercer
Mercer
Mercer
Mercer
Mercer
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Mercer


texts:
 father, contributed $25 million to the 2016 presidential election. During the 2016 U.S. presidential primaries, <mask> led Keep the Promise I, a Super PAC (political action committee) which was the largest outside benefactor of Ted Cruz.In June 2016 after Trump won the primary, <mask> created the Defeat Crooked Hillary PAC, and ran the daily operations. The PAC was incorporated with the name Make America Number 1 at the Federal Election Commission and supported Donald Trump in the general election including making anti-Clinton ads. During the 2016 U.S. presidential election, <mask> proposed creating a searchable database for Hillary Clinton's e-mails in the public domain and then forwarded this suggestion to several people, including Cambridge Analytica CEO Alexander Nix, who e-mailed a request to Julian Assange for Clinton's emails. Assange responded to the report by saying he denied Nix's request. <mask> worked with Steve Bannon to create the film Clinton Cash. She has consulted extensively with former Democratic strategist and pollster Patrick Caddell on campaigns. The <mask>s stood behind Trump after the famous Access Hollywood tape was leaked in late 2016, dismissing Trump's claim of grabbing women's genitals against their will as "locker room braggadocio."Donald Trump

Although initially a supporter of Ted Cruz in the 2016 presidential election, <mask> aimed her support at GOP candidate Donald Trump in June 2016 after Cruz lost the primary. <mask> directs the Mercer Family Foundation and served on the Executive Committee of the transition team of United States President-elect Donald Trump. In the Trump transition, <mask> helped in successfully lobbying against Mitt Romney as secretary of state and for Sen. Jeff Sessions as attorney general. People close to the transition said she had not favored Corey Lewandowski as possible Republican National Committee chair and that Lewandowski had reportedly resisted paying for services from data firm Cambridge Analytica–a company funded by the Mercers–early in the campaign, though a close associate of <mask>'s denied the stories. Paul Manafort, Kellyanne Conway's predecessor as campaign director, was also said to be critical of Cambridge Analytica, which had worked for

masks: Mercer Mercer Mercer Mercer Mercer Mercer Mercer Mercer Mercer


texts:
 Ted Cruz and was financially backed by the Mercers. Conway reportedly said that after the inauguration, the expectation was that <mask> was likely to lead an outside group, funded by her father, aimed at bolstering Trump's agenda. It was assumed that Cambridge Analytica would also assist the group's efforts.In 2010, <mask> bought six adjoining apartment units in Donald Trump's 41-story Heritage at Trump Place. Steve Bannon
The Mercers first introduced Steve Bannon to Trump. <mask> helped create the film Clinton Cash with Bannon, a top political adviser to Trump at the time. She has been one of Bannon's main financial contributors. In late 2017, Bannon told several conservative donors that <mask> had pledged her financial support if he decided to run for president in 2020 against Trump. However, <mask> was frustrated by his comments to the media and disagreed with his public comments in support for Roy Moore, who was under fire for sexual misconduct allegations involving young girls. In January 2018 a person familiar with conversations between <mask> and Bannon said <mask> would no longer back Bannon financially.<mask> herself said that she had not spoken to Bannon, the former White House chief strategist, in many months and that she continued to support President Trump. Breitbart News
Mercer and her father, <mask> were key financial benefactors for Breitbart News. Larry Solov, the CEO of Breitbart, said in February 2017 that they are part-owners. <mask> announced in November 2017 that he had sold his stake in the website to his daughters. Cambridge Analytica

Cambridge Analytica was a privately held data mining and data analysis company with financial backing from the Mercers. The Mercers invested in the company after Mitt Romney lost the 2012 presidential election. On May 1, 2018, Cambridge Analytica and its parent company filed for insolvency proceedings and closed operations.Alexander Tayler, a former director for Cambridge Analytica, was appointed director of Emerdata on March 28, 2018. <mask> <mask>, <mask>, Alexander Nix and Johnson Chun Shun Ko who has links to Erik Prince are in leadership positions at Emerdata. Parler
In 2018, <mask> co-founded, and funded, the social media website Parler with John

masks:
Mercer
Mercer
Mercer
Mercer
Mercer
Mercer
Mercer
Mercer
Robert Mercer
Robert Mercer
Rebekah
Mercer
Jennifer Mercer
Mercer


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 Matze and Jared Thomson. <mask> described herself in a Parler post as having "started Parler" with Matze. The Parler board, allegedly controlled by <mask>, fired Parler CEO John Matze on January 29, 2021. As of early February 2021, <mask> holds the majority shares and, The Washington Post reported "increasingly pulls the strings" at Parler, controlling two-thirds of its board, and appointing other directors. American Museum of Natural History
The <mask> family has contributed $4 million to the American Museum of Natural History, and <mask> <mask> sat on the museum board of directors from 2013 to 2019.In January 2018, a protest by the group Revolting Lesbians called for <mask>'s removal from the board. The protest followed the release of a letter from over 200 academics and scientists calling for the board to "end ties to anti-science propagandists and funders of climate science misinformation." Tax records indicate that the <mask> family donated millions of dollars to organizations that reject the scientific consensus regarding climate change. In March 2018 a group called the "Clean Money Project" mounted a spoof campaign aimed at highlighting <mask>'s positions on climate change and pressuring the museum to sever ties with her. In 2016, over 250 scientists penned an open letter calling for the museum to "end ties to anti-science propagandists and funders of climate science misinformation, and to have <mask> <mask> leave the American Museum of Natural History Board of Trustees." By the end of 2019 <mask> was no longer on the board. Personal life
<mask> studied at Stanford University where she met Sylvain Mirochnikoff.The couple married in 2003. In 2010, she bought six adjoining apartment units in Donald Trump's 41-story Heritage at Trump Place. <mask> left her trading job to home-school her four children. In 2016, Mirochnikoff, a native of France, was a managing director at Morgan Stanley. References

External links

Conservatism in the United States
Living people
New York (state) Republicans
1973 births
People from Yorktown Heights, New York
Stanford University alumni
American stock traders
Women stock traders
Women in New York (state) politics
21st-century American women
Far-right politics in the United

masks: Mercer Mercer Mercer Mercer Rebekah Mercer Mercer Mercer Mercer Rebekah Mercer Mercer Mercer Mercer


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<mask> (28 July 1881 – 8 January 1956) was a British Indian barrister and politician, who travelled to numerous countries of the British Empire, including Fiji, Mauritius and Aden, providing legal assistance to the local ethnic Indian population. He met Gandhi, who asked him to go to Mauritius, where he represented Indo-Mauritians in court and edited a newspaper, The Hindustani. Gandhi later informed him of the need for a barrister in Fiji and he arrived in Fiji in 1912. In Fiji he also represented Indo-Fijians in court, started a newspaper, Indian Settler and established an organisation for Fiji Indians, known as the Indian Imperial Association. In 1916 when he was by-passed for nomination to the Legislative Council of Fiji, his relationship with the Government of Fiji deteriorated. The Government accused him of the violence and sabotage of the 1920 strike and deported him. He was barred from practicing law in several British colonies.He later managed to practice law in Aden, Somalia and Bihar State in India but spent his final days in Bombay. Early life
<mask> Maganlal <mask> was born on 28 July 1881 in Baroda, Gujarat, India. His surname, <mask>, was derived from his father's profession. His father, Maganlal, was in-charge of the State Mental Hospital. His real name was <mask> Maganlal Shah. <mask> graduated with LLB in 1903 and MA in 1904 from Bombay University. He then went to London as a student of Bar-at-Law in 1905.In London he became an active member of the Home Rule Society and made regular contributions to the 'Indian Sociologist'. At the India House he came into contact with other Indian freedom fighters. In 1906, Manilal met M.K. Gandhi, who had become aware of the plight of the Indians in Mauritius. Gandhi was troubled by both

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Manilal Maganlal Doctor
Manilal
Doctor
Doctor
Manilal
Manilal


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 the treatment of the Indian labourers and their lack of organisation in demanding their rights as citizens of the British Empire. In response to his visit, he sent Manilal Doctor to Mauritius to assist the labourers in improving their social and political situation. Manilal in Mauritius
Manilal arrived in Mauritius on 11 October 1907 and began work as a barrister.11 October is celebrated as Manilal Day in Mauritius. He soon clashed with the Judge of the Supreme Court when he refused to remove his shoes and turban (Manilal wore a Parsi-style head-dress) on entering the court, pointing out that these were allowed in the high courts of Bombay and Madras. The matter was taken before the Governor who issued an order allowing shoes and turbans in the courts of Mauritius. Indians in Mauritius used to be treated with severity, by always being given the maximum punishment for any crime, while Europeans were given nominal punishment or only fined for serious offences. Manilal pleaded for balance between crime and punishment. For the first time, Indo-Mauritians found a lawyer they could rely on and he was soon accepted as their leader. In a case involving indentured Indians on the Labourdonnais estate, the Indian workers sought out Manilal to come with them to the Office of the Protector in Port Louis.Then, when the case came to trial, <mask> represented the four Indians charged with wounding with premonition. Of the four laborers accused, three were found guilty and sentenced to two years' of hard labor. Given the nature of Mauritius justice at that time, "it seems certain that if they had not been properly represented at the trial there would have been a larger number found guilty, and perhaps longer sentences." He left Mauritius for Bombay on 28


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 November 1910 to attend the annual Indian National Congress Meeting. Newspaper launched
On 15 March, <mask> launched a weekly newspaper,The Hindustani, with the motto: "Liberty of Individuals! Fraternity of Men!! Equality of races!!!."It was first published in English and Gujarati, but the Gujarati was soon replaced with Hindi to appeal to the masses. With this newspaper he wanted to highlight the importance of the Indians shared heritage and common interests, regardless of religion or status as merchant or laborer. The newspaper was fined on a number of occasions for its editorial and reporting of court cases but continued to be published even after Manilal's departure. Manilal tried to arouse worldwide sympathy towards the suffering of the Indo-Mauritians by writing regularly to overseas newspapers. After <mask> left Mauritius, much of his work was undertaken by Pandit Kashinath Kistoe and the Arya Samaj. Marriage
Sometime in 1911, Manilal traveled to London where he spent considerable time with Dr. Pranjivan Mehta, a close friend of Gandhi. There, he formed an attachment to Dr. Mehta's daughter, Jayunkvar, and became engaged.It is likely that <mask> briefly traveled back to Mauritius to close his affairs before going on to Durban South Africa to consult with Gandhi. On 11 October 1911, a few weeks after his arrival in Durban, he married Jayakumari Devi (Jekiben). Gandhi encouraged him to practice law in South Africa, but <mask> wanted to take part in the debate of Congress calling for the abolition of Indenture. He attended the 26th Annual Session of the Congress and seconded the motion calling for an end to Indenture. <mask> in Fiji
In 1911, following a severe hurricane that had brought much hardship to the Fiji Indians in the

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 Central Division of Fiji, the British Indian Association of Fiji was formed. The Association discussed grievances such as the lack of educated leadership amongst the Indians and the dependence on European lawyers and authorised Totaram Sanadhya to write a letter to Gandhi to send an Indian barrister to Fiji. Gandhi was moved by this appeal and published this request in the Indian Opinion from where it came to the attention of <mask> in Mauritius.Manilal exchanged letters with Totaram Sanadhya, who organised for collection of money for Manilal's fare and law books and made arrangements for his stay in Fiji. <mask> met Gandhi in Durban, but Gandhi despite his initial reluctance agreed to release Manilal. Manilal arrived in Suva on 27 August 1912. He was welcomed by hundreds of people, some of whom had journeyed long distances. Newspaper reporters also joined the throng as this was a joyous occasion for Fiji Indians. Manilal was presented with a welcoming letter in which he was also implored to improve the conditions of the Indians. The native Fijians also welcomed Manilal in a ceremony held three days later, and attended by some 700 Fijians.Fijian men and women sang and danced to welcome him and he was garlanded by the daughter of a high chief. The Fijians made speeches and it was translated by Sam Mustapha from Fijian into English

Manilal set up a law practice, defended Indians for low fees and wrote letters and petitions for them. The Government was suspicious of him and suspected him of being Gandhi's agent in Fiji but still consulted him on Indian affairs. Initially, Manilal worked quietly to help the Indians and the case of Viraswamy is an example of the success he had in Fiji. Viraswamy was an educated young man, who had been recruited

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 in Madras on the understanding that he would be working on a post officer in the government office. When he arrived in Fiji in October 1911, he was sent to work with the CSR. He was initially employed as a telephone operator, but when he complained that he was not being given the promised job, he was sent to work in a cane field.He wrote to the I.I.A. and <mask> forwarded his case to the Anti-Slavery Society of London. The Society approached the Colonial Office and Veeraswamy was able to buy his freedom and get employment outside the indenture system. The government, instead of chastising the CSR and the immigration office, expressed annoyance with Manilal. Political activities
In 1915, a number of Indians petitioned the Governor to nominate <mask> as their representative in the legislative council. The Governor replied that Indian interests were adequately catered for but he was prepared to grant the request if an Indian with the required qualification could be found and the Government of India supported the demand. On the basis of India's recommendation, the Governor, in 1916, nominated Badri Maharaj to represent Indians in the Legislative Council.This nomination was not popular with Fiji Indians and petitions were sent from throughout the colony asking the Government to reconsider its choice. Even the Fiji Times regarded <mask> as a better person for the Council than Badri Maharaj. The Government ignored these protests claiming that <mask> was not eligible for nomination as he was born in Baroda and not a British subject. Indian Imperial Association

He was a regular contributor to the press in India on matters regarding Fiji and, in 1917, was the editor of the English section of the first newspaper published in Fiji by Indians, Indian

masks: Manilal Manilal Manilal Manilal


texts: Settler. On 2 June 1918, he was instrumental in the formation of the Indian Imperial Association (I.I.A.) of Fiji (a successor to the British Indian Association) in Suva. The aim of the association was to 'watch the interests of and to assist in the general improvement of the Indian community in Fiji'.As president of the I.I.A., <mask> wrote to Gandhi, other Indian leaders and the British Labour Party on the sad plight of Indian indentured labourers in Fiji. C.F. Andrews and W.W. Pearson were dispatched to Fiji to enquire into the complaints. Manilal made submissions for their report, published on 29 February 1916, which reported on the deplorable living conditions of the indentured labourers and their lack of access to education and medical facilities. Manilal was free thinker but generally had socialist views. He was not religious but believed that Arya Samaj was the best sect for the casteless Indian society that was developing in Fiji. He believed in the advancement of his community and when some Europeans suggested a federation of Fiji and New Zealand, Manilal, through the Indian Imperial Association circulated a petition for Fiji to become part of India since the country's future depended on its Indian population.The relationship between <mask> and the government worsened when he tried to apply for Fijian land to build an office in Nausori. His application was refused but he made an agreement with the Fijian owners and started to build. He was ordered to leave and when he did not comply, was fined 10 pounds. <mask> was bitter about the incident and on 24 September 1919 the Indian Imperial Association passed a resolution condemning the government for not allowing him to build when Europeans themselves had acquired land by illegal

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 means. He also sent a telegram regarding this incident to Andrews, who had it published in the Indian press. On 26 December 1919, the Association organised a conference in the Suva Town Hall, which <mask> chaired and which passed a number of resolutions, including a call for independence for India, sympathy for the victims of the Punjab massacre and other resolutions relating to Fiji Indians. Strike of 1920
On 15 January 1920 Indian labourers employed by the Public Works Department in Suva went on strike because their hours of work had been increased from 45 to 48 hours per week and they wanted better wages.Manilal reassured those workers who had been threatened by their employers and pacified others who wanted to teach saboteurs a lesson. He held meetings in Suva and Nausori in which the strikers reiterated their demand of rise in wages by 5 shillings. The meetings were so peaceful that the Inspector General of Constabulary sent a message to <mask>, thanking him and expressing his appreciation at the quiet and orderly way in which the meeting of the strikers had been conducted. Jayunkvar, <mask>'s wife, was also active in the strike, exhorting Indians not to return to work and organizing Indian women. After a meeting in Suva organised by Jayunkvar was violently broken up by the police, the situation got worse. By 11 February all Europeans of military age were under arms. The telephone wires between Suva and Nausori was cut and there was a confrontation on Rewa Bridge between Indians and European special constables with fixed bayonets.On 12 February a New Zealand force of 60 soldiers with machine guns arrived and a warship arrived from England. On 13 February, the police and army held up a group of Indians at Samabula Bridge. The Indians


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 wanted to go to Suva to buy supplies and see those in custody. When the Indians did not obey the order to disperse, the police charged with batons. There was resistance from the Indians using sticks and stones and the police fired into the crowd. A number were injured on both sides but three Indians were hit by pistol fire of which one died. After the incident at Samabula Bridge, the strikers gradually began returning to work.Historians have argued as to the reasons for the end of the strike. It was most probably a combination of reasons which included the presence of large numbers of armed security personnel and the Governments willingness to use lethal force, an earlier call by Mrs Manilal for those workers who had received wage increase to return to work, the labourers inability to stay away from paid employment for a long period because of their already poor financial situation and the warning by Badri Maharaj to the strikers (at a meeting in Nausori on 15 February) of the danger of being led by agitators. Deportation from Fiji
Although Manilal had not been in Suva when the strike began and the Government did not have sufficient evidence to charge him for sedition, it used the Peace and Good Order Ordinance of 1875 to prohibit him, his wife and two other strike leaders, Harpal Maharaj and Fazil Khan from residing on Viti Levu, Ovalau or Macuata province. Since these were the main areas of Indian settlement and the only places where Indians could earn a living, this virtually amounted to deportation. Manilal was sent to Nukulau Island to await a ship to New Zealand. From Nukulau, Manilal sent a number of letters of complaint to the Secretary of State for the Colonies and he signed one with 'from Imperial University, Coolie Examination


texts: Hall, Nukulau". Petitions were organised, signed by thousands of Indians, asking for Manilal to not to be expelled as he was their leader and that they could not continue to stay if Manilal was expelled.<mask> left Fiji on 15 April 1920. The Colonial Government continued to harass Manilal after his departure from Fiji. He was not allowed to practice law in New Zealand. <mask>'s application for admission as a barrister and solicitor in New Zealand was refused by a Full Court of the Supreme Court in 1921. The Auckland District Law Society opposed his application on the basis that he was not of fit character given his role as a "prime mover" in the 1920 strike. The Court did not accept <mask>'s explanation and instead favoured the evidence of the Colonial authorities (including Mr Scott a member of the Legislative Council and also the lawyer for the Crown in the prosecution of the 200 striking workers) that Manilal was "principally the cause of the said Indian disturbance". His correspondence was monitored.C.F. Andrews informed Gandhi that a paper that Manilal had sent to him from New Zealand had 4 or 5 sections cut out (presumably containing information about Fiji). He had already been refused permission to practice in Australia and was refused permission to practice in Ceylon (Sri Lanka) and even in India he was not allowed to practice in the Bombay and Madras High Courts. The British Government even had his name struck off the list of Barristers. Gandhi noted that "An empire that requires such calculated persecution of a man, without even ntrying to prove anything against him, deserves only to be dissolved." He was finally given permission by the Patna High Court to practice in the Lower Courts of Bihar and Orissa because he held an LLB


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 degree from an Indian University. After much wandering he set up a legal practice in Gaya, Bihar in 1922.Final years
<mask> soon became a regular contributor to the Socialist, an English periodical in Bombay. He was soon involved in Socialist activities and came into contact with Communists who were trying to get organised in India. M.N. Roy's idea of a party for the masses appealed to <mask> but he was opposed to the idea of infiltrating the Congress. He attended the Gaya Congress in 1923 and soon after issued a manifesto of the Labour and Kisan Party of India. This was soon used as model by the Communists, with whom <mask> was associated. Not surprisingly, he came to the attention of the authorities and spent some time defending others who shared his own left-leaning ideas.He was not happy with rivalries among Indian leaders and kept looking for outside openings. He tried to settle in Penang (Malaysia) but was warned by the Colonial Secretary for Singapore that he would be prevented from landing there. His dream of having a life of professional barrister was realised when the Chief Justice of Aden (with whom he had studied in London) asked him to come and practice there after assuring colonial authorities that he would not be a problem there as there was no indenture system in Aden. He continued to provide service to the people of Aden and Somaliland (1935–1940) but the revolutionary and radical zeal seemed to have left him. He visited Mauritius in 1950 where he was enthusiastically welcomed. In 1953 he returned to India (from Aden) and lived in Bombay until his death on 8 January 1956. Bibliography

References

Indian emigrants to Fiji
Fijian people of Gujarati descent
Fijian politicians
1881 births
1956 deaths
Fijian Hindus
People


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<mask> (22 February 1867 – 26 September 1934) was a Spanish lawyer, businessman and politician from Catalonia. He was a deputy in the Cortes (Spanish parliament) before World War I, then pursued a career as a corporate lawyer until the Second Spanish Republic when he was again elected deputy. He was Minister of Finance from 1931 to 1933. Birth and education (1867–99)

<mask> was born in El Vendrell, Tarragona, Spain, on 22 February 1867. His parents were <mask>, a veterinarian, and Josefa Romeu. He attended the Escuelas Pías de Barcelona for his secondary education between 1876 and 1882. He studied law at the University of Barcelona from 1882 to 1883 and from 1885 to 1886.He then started work as a lawyer in the office of Francesc de Paula Rius i Taulet, the mayor of Barcelona. Bourbon Restoration politics (1899–1916)

<mask> joined the Catalan movement, and when the Catalan National Center(ca) was formed in 1899 he was vice-president under Narcís Verdaguer i Callís(ca) as president. When the Catalan National Center merged with the Regionalist Union to form the Regionalist League of Catalonia in 1901 he was one of the leaders of the Republican left wing of this party. He was one of the main organizers of the "four presidents" election in 1901. <mask> was rapporteur of a draft reform to the municipal law, approved on 4 March 1902, although it seems to have been written by Enric Prat de la Riba. In 1903 he became a representative in the municipal council of the city of Barcelona. When King Alfonso XIII visited Barcelona in 1904 Carner was one of the councilors who were absent from the ceremony to welcome the king.This group separated from the Regionalist League. In 1904 <mask> was a founder of the weekly El Poble Català(ca), which became a daily paper in May 1906. He was a founder of the Republican Nationalist Centre party in 1904, and was elected president of the party in late 1906. This party combined with the League in the Solidaritat Catalana coalition, which won 40 of

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Jaime Carner Romeu
Jaime Carner Romeu
Joan Carner
Carner
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 the 44 seats in Catalonia in the 1907 elections. <mask> was elected deputy for the district of El Vendrell. <mask> was involved in the debate over corruption in the supply of building materials in Barcelona, and initiated a condemnation of the conduct of Alejandro Lerroux and others. In 1910 <mask> was one of the founders of the Republican Nationalist Federal Union, which replaced the Nationalist Republican Center.This party formed a coalition with Lerroux's Republicans and was decisively defeated in 1914. Lawyer and businessman (1916–31)

<mask> temporarily left politics and devoted himself to his successful legal practice. He joined the boards of directors of several large industrial companies, was one of the founders of the Compañía de Industrias Agrícolas, and acted as lawyer for various powerful companies and credit institutions in Barcelona. He was a member of the board of Nestlé Spain. He became wealthy, and was also very respected as a jurist, often consulted by political leaders on legal issues. Second Spanish Republic (1931–34)

After the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed <mask> was elected deputy to the Cortes for the Republican Left of Catalonia (Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya) party. The Generalitat of Catalonia was restored by decree on 21 April 1931.<mask> was given charge of the commission to prepare the draft  Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia, later called the Statute of Núria, issued on 20 June 1931, approved by referendum on 2 August 1931 and finally approved by the Cortes on 9 September 1932. After promulgation of the republican constitution Manuel Azaña reorganized the government and appointed <mask> as Minister of Finance on 16 December 1931. The moderate Felipe Sánchez Román y Gallifa, who had been considered as a potential candidate for President of the Republic, resigned from the government's legal advisory committee due in part to objections to the appointment of <mask> as Minister of Finance. As Minister of Finance <mask> spoke on

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 several occasions in debates about the Bank of Spain. <mask> followed his predecessor Indalecio Prieto in making stabilisation of the peseta his first goal in order to restore Spain's access to international credit. His policies were conservative and deflationary, including restrictions on imports, pruning the civil service and working towards balancing the budget. He was even more orthodox than Prieto.The peseta had fallen by 25% between 1929 and 1931, but fell by just over 10% in 1932 and then remained stable until 1936. The peseta was stable by mid-1932, and there were smaller deficits in <mask>'s 1932 and 1933 budgets than under the dictatorship. He presented a budget in 1932 that proposed reduced defense spending, increased spending on education at all levels, and changes to income tax legislation that resulted in the Law of General Contribution on Income of 20 December 1932. He aimed to improve competition in the Spanish economy, with measures such as reforming tariffs and taxation, changing the tax on royalties and increasing inheritance taxes. <mask> left office on 12 June 1933 when he was diagnosed with advanced cancer of the throat. The need to replace him was used by Azaña to justify a cabinet reshuffle. President Niceto Alcalá-Zamora tried but failed to present this as evidence of a crisis and a reason to dismiss Azaña.<mask> was succeeded by Agustín Viñuales Pardo, another Catalan. <mask> died on 26 September 1934. His funeral in Barcelona at the end of September was attended by Azaña and many other political leaders, including Left Republicans, Socialists and members of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Publications

Publications by <mask> include:

Notes

Sources

Further reading

1867 births
1934 deaths
Republican Left of Catalonia politicians
Members of the Congress of Deputies of the Spanish Restoration
Members of the Congress of Deputies of the Second Spanish Republic
Economy and finance ministers of Spain
Government ministers during the Second Spanish

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<mask> (born 14 February 1983) is a French former professional footballer. <mask>'s former manager at Arsenal, Arsène Wenger, once described him as the best right-back in the Premier League. In addition to him regularly featuring as a wing-back, he played as a centre-back for Arsenal on several occasions. <mask> began his career at Auxerre, before transferring to Arsenal for £7 million in 2007. In 2014, shortly after winning the FA Cup, his first trophy at the club, he made a move to Manchester City. A full international from 2007 to 2016, he was selected by France for two FIFA World Cup tournaments and one UEFA European Championship. Club career

Sens
<mask> started his career at FC Sens.He played for their youth team until 1998. Auxerre
In 1998, he moved to AJ Auxerre's youth team. Eventually, he was promoted to the first team and he made 87 Ligue 1 appearances for them. He was part of the squad that won the Coupe de France in 2005. He also played in the UEFA Cup in each of his three seasons with the club's first team, making a total of 17 appearances in the competition. He was also voted into the Ligue 1 team of the season for his outstanding displays at the right back position. He played in the same Auxerre team as Abou Diaby, a future Arsenal teammate, and Watford centre-back Younès Kaboul.<mask> established himself as one of the best full backs of the French top tier and thus became dubbed "Mr. Reliable" by the club's fans. He also won Auxerre's Player of the Year award for the 2006–07 season. Arsenal

2007–08 season
On 12 July 2007, <mask> completed a move to Arsenal from Auxerre for an undisclosed fee, thought to have been an initial €9 million that could have risen to €11 million. He was given the number 3 shirt, previously worn by former defender Ashley Cole. <mask> made his debut for Arsenal on 19 July 2007 as a starter in the squad that beat Turkish club Gençlerbirliği 3–0 in a friendly at Austria's Bad Waltersdorf Stadion. On 13 February 2008, exactly one week before Arsenal were set to play the second leg of their round of 16

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Bacary Sagna
Sagna
Sagna
Sagna
Sagna
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 encounter against Milan in the Champions League, <mask>'s older brother, <mask>, died at the age of 28, one day before his birthday.He, however, did play the match after he was advised to by his father. Arsenal went on to win the second leg 0–2 with the same scoreline on aggregate. On 23 March, <mask> tallied his first Premier League goal off a low header from a corner kick to give Arsenal a 1–0 lead against London rivals Chelsea at Stamford Bridge, but later went off injured before Chelsea came back to win the game 2–1. At the end of the season, he was named in the PFA Team of the Year. 2008–09 season

<mask> signed a new deal with Arsenal before the start of the 2008–09 season. Arsenal signed him for a further two years, taking his contract up to 2014. <mask> stated, "I love Arsenal, it's a great club," and further added, "The manager is also very good and next season we will be fighting for all the trophies."He stunningly saved Arsenal in a 2–2 draw against Aston Villa when he jumped and kicked the ball away so that Arsenal would go into half time with the lead. 2009–10 season
<mask> struggled to replicate his form from the previous two seasons as injuries also prevented him from contributing to the team in the same way. He provided many assists though, his most important contribution arguably being the cross to striker Nicklas Bendtner, who gave Arsenal the 1–0 lead in the 94th minute against Wolverhampton Wanderers. Despite this, however, <mask> was linked away from the club with various teams, including Serie A's Internazionale, seemingly interested in taking the defender away from London. 2010–11 season

<mask> scored his first goal at the Emirates Stadium for Arsenal against Celtic, a game in which Arsenal went on to win 3–2 and win the Emirates Cup for the second consecutive year. He made his 100th league start for Arsenal on 3 October 2010, a 2–0 defeat against Chelsea at Stamford Bridge. On 14 November, he scored only his second ever official goal for Arsenal in a 2–1 away victory against Everton at Goodison Park, with a powerful

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Sagna
Omar Sagna
Sagna
Sagna
Sagna
Sagna
Sagna
Sagna