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 dispatches, while serving as the Brigade Major for the 4th Brigade, part of the Chitral Relief Force. He was further recognized by promotion to brevet major in January 1896.The following year, he was on 22 January 1897 appointed to a staff position as deputy assistant adjutant-general in Sirhind, under the Punjab Command. In 1898 he was appointed as a military observer during the Spanish–American War in the Philippines, and in May that year promoted to substantive major. Command

Younghusband's first command came during the Second Boer War, when he was promoted to temporary lieutenant-colonel and commanding officer of the 3rd Battalion Imperial Yeomanry on 20 January 1900. He left Liverpool with the battalion on board SS Winifredian in late January 1900, arriving in South Africa the following month. While commanding the battalion he was mentioned in dispatches in 1901. The same year he received a brevet promotion to lieutenant-colonel and was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB). He left the 3rd to command the 26th (Younghusband's Horse) Battalion Imperial Yeomanry in December 1901, and was again mentioned in dispatches in June the following year.He was wounded, and in late May 1902 left South Africa on the SS Roslin Castle which arrived at Southampton the following month. He relinquished the command of the 26th battalion on 30 August 1902. After that war he was promoted to colonel in April 1905. He was then involved in the Mohmand expedition of 1908. Then in February 1909, was promoted to temporary brigadier-general


type: original

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 while serving on the General Staff. In 1909, he became commander of the Fyzabad Brigade, part of the 8th (Lucknow) Division, and the Derajat Brigade from 1911. The same year he was promoted to major-general.He was still in command, when appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in 1913. In the First World War, <mask> was given command of the 28th Indian Brigade, part of the 10th Indian Division. They were initially deployed to defend the Suez Canal. Until 1916, when the brigade was sent to take part in the defence of Aden. It then moved to Basra to participate in the Mesopotamia Campaign. During the subsequent operation <mask> was again mentioned in dispatches. His last command position was in 1916, as commander of the 7th (Meerut) Division, still in Mesopotamia, but he was forced to relinquish that position due to wounds received.Family and later life
In March 1917, King <mask> appointed <mask> as the Keeper of the Jewel House at the Tower of London. Then in April 1919, the King approved his retirement from the army. He was not entirely finished with the army however and in January 1928, he was appointed the Regimental Colonel of the 10th Queen Victoria's Own Corps of Guides Cavalry (Frontier Force) and of the 5th Battalion, (Queen Victoria's Own Corps of Guides) 12th Frontier Force Regiment. His son Brigadier <mask> <mask>, of the 3rd The King's Own Hussars, served with the 2nd Armoured Division during the Second World War. <mask> <mask> died on 30 September 1944, aged eighty-five, at Crickhowell in

masks:
Younghusband
Younghusband
George V
Younghusband
George Edward
Younghusband
George John
Younghusband


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<mask> (April 28, 1842 – March 26, 1924) was bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Central New York from 1904 to 1924. Early life
<mask> was born in Cohoes, N. Y. on April 28, 1842. His parents were <mask>. and Ardelia (Wilkinson) Olmsted. "The surname has been spelled both as "Olmsted" and "Olmstead." This difference in spelling is reflected in the various references used in this article. However, this article always uses the Olmstead spelling because that is the spelling used by the Diocese of Central New York on its website's listing of the BISHOPS OF CENTRAL NEW YORK. In 1852, when the boy was ten years old, the family moved to Newport, Kentucky.Four years later, he began to work with his father in building the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. While working on the railroad, he "continued his studies." In 1853, he started attending the Brooks' Classical School located in Cincinnati, across the Ohio River from Newport. He studied there three and one-half years in preparation for college. Therefore, when the family moved back to New York state, settling in Lockport, he was ready to enter college. However, because of his father's financial condition, <mask> could not enter college until 1862. Education and teaching
In 1862, Olmstead entered the Sophomore class at Trinity College, Hartford, Conn., an Episcopal Church school.He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1865 and with a Master of Arts in 1868. <mask> felt called to the ministry in the Episcopal Church, so he enrolled in the Berkeley Divinity School in Middletown, Connecticut. While a student in the Berkeley Divinity School, <mask> also tutored Latin and Greek at St. Stephen's College at Annandale during the academic year 1865–66. During the next academic year (1866–68), he taught "mathematics and natural philosophy" at St. Stephen's.

masks:
Charles Tyler Olmstead
Charles Tyler Olmstead
Charles A
Olmstead
Olmstead
Olmstead


texts:
 Ministry as a priest
In 1867, <mask> was ordained a deacon in the Episcopal Church, and in 1868 he was ordained a priest. In November 1868, <mask> was called to be an assistant minister in the Trinity Chapel of Trinity Church, New York City. While in this position, he married Catharine Lawrence, daughter of Joseph and Rosette (Townsend) Lawrence of New York city, on April 25, 1876.He stayed in that position until May 1884, when he became Rector of Grace Church, Utica, N. Y. Grace Church, under <mask>'s leadership, "prospered greatly, both in spiritual and material matters." The buildings were improved. <mask> was a founder of the Utica Clerical Union. He had a hand in forming the Central New York Choir Guild. He served as chaplain of the Good Shepherd, St. Luke's Hospital, and the Guild of St. Barnabas for Nurses. He also organized the Ladies Aid Society, the  Girls Friendly Society, the Employment Society, the Boys Friendly Society, the Senior and Junior Brotherhood of St. Andrew.In 1893, <mask> became a trustee of  St. John's Military School in Manlius, N. Y. During his tenure as Rector of Grace Church, <mask> was elected as a deputy to the 1892, 1895 and 1898 General Conventions of the Episcopal Church. In April 1899, <mask> returned to Trinity Parish, New York. This time it was as Vicar of St. Agnes' Chapel on West 92nd Street. At that time, St. Agnes included the Trinity School. <mask> was qualified to be in charge of the school because of his experience in teaching at St. Stephens' College. During his time at St. Agnes, both the church and the school grew.Ministry as a Bishop
In October 1902, <mask> was elected bishop coadjutor of the Diocese of Central New York. He was consecrated in Grace church, Utica, N.Y. on October 2, 1902. His consecrators were Bishops Frederic Dan Huntington

masks: Olmstead Olmstead Olmstead Olmstead Olmstead Olmstead Olmstead Olmstead Olmstead


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 of Syracuse, Henry C. Potter of New York, and William David Walker of Western New York. Immediately after his consecration, <mask> began his duties as coadjutor to Bishop Huntington. Huntington had been unable to perform all of his duties because of his "advanced age." A newspaper editorial about the election of <mask> as Bishop Coadjutor praised him as "a man of brilliant scholarship and great activity" and as "a speaker of original and convincing power." Also, as "a man of strong convictions," but "nevertheless, a man of kindly disposition and sympathetic."Regarding his fitness for his new duties, the editorial said that "he has the executive ability to perform" them. <mask> was a bishop in Diocese of Central New York for twenty-two years: as bishop coadjutor from 1902 to 1904 and as bishop diocesan from 1904 to his death in 1924. In 1903, on Washington's birthday, <mask>, while bishop coadjutor, addressed the 1903 banquet of the Board of Managers of the Sons of the Revolution in the State of New York. Bishop Dan Huntington died in July 1904, leaving <mask> as his successor diocesan bishop. A newspaper story dated October 13, 1905, was headlined "Bishop <mask> Asks Clergymen of the Episcopal to Do All in Their Power to Keep Ladies from Showing Their Beautiful Hair." <mask> was quoted as saying, "Let at least this good custom of the mothers of Israel prevail, that they pray in public with covered heads." In 1906, at the thirty-eighth annual convention of the Diocese of Central New York, in the Bishop's Address, <mask> said,
	"The Church Of Jesus Christ should not be in alliance either with individuals or with corporations whose principles and methodsare known to be illegal and corrupt.All the talk about "tainted money" seems to me to be beside the mark. Money itself, I suppose,cannot be

masks: Olmstead Olmstead Olmstead Olmstead Olmstead Olmstead Olmstead Olmstead


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 tainted, but it may at times represent a tainted partnership, and it is not well for the Church to have her tongue tied byany such coalition, because it is her duty to be ready to denounce wickedness in high places as well as in low places. The Church can never gain by getting wealth which paralyzes her proper functions." On October 8, 1907, <mask> spoke to the triennial meeting of the Episcopal Church's Church Periodical Club. The newspaper account characterized him as a speaker "with decided ability." On June 2, 1921, following the advice of his Standing Committee regarding irreconcilable differences between a rector and his vestry, <mask> signed this order: "I hereby render my decision, that in accordance with the above report, the Rev. Arthur H. Beaty, resign the rectorship of Grace Church, Cortland, N. Y.."

Awards and memberships
In 1893, Hobart College gave <mask> the degree of Doctor of Divinity.In 1903, Syracuse University conferred the degree of Doctor of Canon Law. In 1908, Hamilton College (New York) awarded him the degree of Doctor of Laws. <mask> was a member of the Oneida Historical Society. Ill health and Death
On January 31, 1914, Mrs. <mask> died. After that his niece lived with him until he died. In the early part of 1924, <mask>'s health became so bad that he had to turn over most of his duties to his coadjutor Bishop <mask>. On March 26, 1924, he "died suddenly of heart disease" at his home in Utica, N. Y.He had been bishop for twenty-two years. Tributes
After <mask>'s death, some of his associates wrote tributes about him. They included these words:

References

1842 births
1924 deaths
American Episcopalians
People from Cohoes, New York
People from Newport, Kentucky
Trinity College (Connecticut) alumni
Berkeley Divinity School alumni
Episcopal bishops of Central New

masks:
Olmstead
Olmstead
Olmstead
Olmstead
Olmstead
Olmstead
Charles Fiske
Olmstead


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<mask> (originally <mask>; March 17, 1916 – January 31, 2008) was a Chilean communist politician, lawyer, and author. Personal life
Born in Chillán to Jewish immigrants (Ukrainian <mask> and Bessarabian Sara Volosky), <mask> was interested in literature from an early age. He finished high school, then began his studies in the Faculty of Law of the University of Chile, where at graduation he presented his senior thesis “The Dawn of Capitalism - The Conquest of America.”

At the age of 29, Teitelboim married Raquel Weitzmann, who had also studied law. In the 1940s, while Teitelboim, like other members of the Communist Party, was forced to go underground, Weitzman became pregnant with the child of a former university colleague. The child, named Claudio, was adopted by Teitelboim and Weitzman's affair was hushed up. Due to Teitelmboim's frequent long periods of absence due to party activities, persecution, and imprisonment, the marriage suffered, and finally ended in 1957, when Weitzman left for Cuba in company of Jaime Barros. Teitelboim then took charge of Claudio, who was 10 years old at the time.When, in 2005, Claudio learned that he had been deceived and that his father was actually the lawyer Álvaro Bunster, he broke relations with <mask> and took on his biological father's surname. <mask>'s second marriage, at the age of 51, was to Eliana Farías. Together, while in exile in Moscow following the Chilean military coup d'état of September 11, 1973, they raised Faría's son, Roberto Nordenflycht, and their own daughter, whom

masks:
Volodia Teitelboim Volosky
Valentín Teitelboim Volosky
Moisés Teitelboim
Teitelboim
Teitelboim
Teitelboim


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 they named Marina. Roberto followed Teitlboim's example and also became a communist. He was killed in August 1989 while taking part in a guerrilla action in Chile with the Manuel Rodriguez Patriotic Front. The grief over Roberto's death marked the end of Teitelboim's marriage to Farías. Marina, for her part, eventually became a career diplomat.<mask> died on January 31, 2008, at the Catholic University's hospital in Santiago of kidney failure resulting from lymphatic cancer. He and Claudio Bunster reportedly reconciled at the end. Political career
Teitelboim joined the Chilean Communist Party's youth section at the age of sixteen. During the 1940s he endured persecution, along with all the militants of the Communist Party, and was imprisoned in Pisagua under the so-called Democratic Defense Law (also known as Ley maldita, or "cursed law"). In 1961 he was elected to Congress as a Deputy for Valparaíso and Quillota, a post he held until 1965, when he was elected Senator for Santiago. He was re-elected to this post in March 1973, but was only able to further serve in it until Congress was disbanded following the September 11, 1973, coup d'état. During the military regime of Gen. Augusto Pinochet Teitelboim lived in exile in Moscow, where he launched the twice-weekly radio program Escucha, Chile ("Listen, Chile").Despite the risk, he clandestinely returned to Chile in 1988 and campaigned for a provisional government following the regime's having been handed a defeat in that year's national plebiscite. The following year he was


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 elected president of the Communist Party, a position he held until 1994. Literary work
<mask>'s literary work, for which he was awarded Chile's National Prize in Literature in 2002, as well as the Literature prize of the 1931 Floral Games, is chiefly in the form of memoirs, biographies, and literary essays. His first book Antología de poesía chilena (Anthology of Chilean Poetry) was published in conjunction with Eduardo Anguita in 1932, and compiled the great poets of Chile. He would later say that it committed the errors of omitting Gabriela Mistral and of accentuating the dispute between Vicente Huidobro, Pablo de Rokha, and Pablo Neruda. His series of memoirs, Un muchacho del siglo XX (A Boy of the Twentieth Century, 1997), La gran guerra de Chile y otra que nunca existió (The Great War of Chile and Another That Never Existed, 2000) and Noches de radio (Radio Nights, 2001) present from a political and social perspective the great arch of Chilean history during the 20th century. His best known capacity is that of a biographer, in which he wrote about Jorge Luis Borges, Vicente Huidobro, and with the most critical acclaim, Pablo Neruda and Gabriela Mistral.In terms of membership in literary movements, he is generally located within the Chilean Generation of '38. List of published works
Antología de poesía chilena (Anthology of Chilean Poetry) - 1935
El amanecer del capitalismo. La conquista de América (The dawn of capitalism. The conquest of America) - 1943
Hijo del salitre (Son of saltpeter) - 1952
La semilla en la


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<mask> (born Oct. 28, 1962) is an American cognitive neuroscientist in the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College. He directs the NSF EPSCoR Attention Consortium. He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 2014. Early life and education

<mask>, who has German and Chinese heritage, grew up in New York City. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1984, studying physics and mathematics. After graduating from Dartmouth, he worked for the Peace Corps as a schoolteacher in Nepal, studied philosophy of mind at the University of Konstanz, Germany, and worked for Kobe Steel Corporation in Japan. He began his studies at Harvard University in 1992, receiving his PhD in cognitive psychology under Patrick Cavanagh and Ken Nakayama in 1998.<mask> served as a postdoctoral researcher with Nikos Logothetis at the Max Plank Institute for Biological Cybernetics in Tübingen, Germany. He joined Dartmouth's faculty in 2001. Cognitive neuroscience

The focus of <mask>'s work in cognitive neuroscience is mid- and high-level human vision. In the domain of mid-level vision his group has worked on deciphering the rapid form-motion computations that go into the construction of subsequent conscious visual experience. His group focuses on visual illusions because they are mistakes made by the visual system that can inform us about the nature of processing that goes into the construction of conscious experience. In the field of high-level vision and attention, <mask>'s group has focused on two main directions: the influence of top-down volitional operations on visual experience, and the nature of volitional mental operations that go into the construction of internal virtual experience or imagination. In his work on the neural basis of the human imagination, he has emphasized the importance of volitional and non-volitional verb-like mental operations over noun-like representations, such as imagined visual objects.Using fMRI, his group has argued that representations and operations can be decoded by creating

masks:
Peter Ulric Tse
Tse
Tse
Tse
Tse


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 classifiers in one part of the brain, and applying them to different parts of the brain. This supports the idea that the brain might not be as modular as previously thought, and that certain types of brain processing may happen in a fundamentally distributed manner. In particular, the model of working memory operations that emerges suggests that traditional models of working memory, such as Baddeley's, are too modular and hierarchical. Philosophy of neuroscience
In his 2013 book The Neural Basis of Free Will, <mask> focused on the question of mental causation, in particular the proposition that mental events (and information in general, as in genetics) can be downwardly causal even though realized in, or supervenient upon, physical events. Exclusion argument: He challenged the Exclusion Argument (EA) of Jaegwon Kim, according to which causal efficacy resides solely in the physical domain of the rootmost level of energy, by arguing that the EA does not hold if indeterminism is the case. This, he argues, provides an opening for information to be downwardly causal in the universe, whether high-level supervenient events such as conscious percepts or a concept, such as that of a 'home-run' in a baseball game, or 'voting' in a democracy. Information is downwardly causal, not as a force, he argues, but by filtering out possible paths that are open at the particle level which are not consistent with informational criteria.Under 'criterial causation' (see below) only physically causal paths which are also informational causal paths are permitted to occur in the nervous system and other information processing systems, such as underlie genetic inheritance, protein formation, membrane channel formation, or social interactions such as speaking or institutional interactions. Possible physical particle-level paths which do not meet high-level informational criteria are effectively filtered out by a criterial assessment. Thus information is causal, not as a force, or via attributes such as impact or force, but is causal


texts: as a filter on what possibilities can become real. Criterial causation: <mask> gets around the impossibility of self-causation (i.e. of informational events altering their own physical basis) by positing what he has variously called 'parameter-,' 'pattern-,' 'phase-' or 'criterial causation'. According to <mask>, Science and Philosophy have overly focused on 'active' modes of causation, such as Newtonian energy transfer among billiard balls. He points out that manipulationist and interventionist conceptions of causation, such as those of Woodward, have largely neglected the 'passive' causal efficacy of manipulations of parameters for responses to subsequent inputs.For example, a neuron tuned to 'dog' at one moment can be reparameterized to respond optimally to 'cat' in subsequent input by altering the chains of synaptic weights that feed driving input into that neuron. The neural code: <mask> argues that thinking of the neural code as one where neural spikes trigger neural spikes, much like billiard balls triggering motion in other billiard balls, is misleading and incomplete. He argues that the neural code is in fact as much a synaptic reweighting (i.e. informational reparameterization) code as it is a code based on neural spikes or action potentials. <mask> argues that criterial causation offers a middle path between the extremes of determinism, where one's decisions and their consequences were 'set in stone' ages before one was even born, and informationally unconstrained indeterminism, where decisions happen randomly, for no reason at all. He argues that David Hume was wrong when he wrote "tis impossible to admit of any medium betwixt chance and an absolute necessity." The middle path between the two is afforded by criterial causation.For example, if commanded to think of a woman politician, people will name whichever one comes to mind first. But if the universe could be rewound to the moment of the command, they might have generated a different name, say 'Margaret Thatcher' this time instead of

masks: Tse Tse Tse Tse


texts: 'Angela Merkel'. This was not utterly random, since it had to meet the criteria of being a woman and a politician, but it was also not determined, and might have turned out otherwise. Free will: <mask> argues that discussants often argue past each other because they have different underlying definitions of the term 'free will'. If one has (1) a 'low-octane' definition according to which one's decisions and intentions can influence one's subsequent actions uncoerced by external forces or intentions, one can believe that free will is compatible with determinism, because nowhere in this definition is it required that events have the possibility of turning out otherwise. However, if one has a (2) 'mid-octane' definition, where this requirement must be met, then, by definition, one must hold that free will is incompatible with determinism, where there is only one possible unfolding of events. One must also be an incompatibilist under (3) a 'high-octane' definition of free will, which Tse also terms 'metafree will', according to which one must have the capacity not only to choose among possible courses of action as in (2), but to choose among possibilities that entail becoming a different kind of chooser in the future.<mask> argues that the human brain realizes both types (3) and (2) free will, whereas other animals, such as a tiger, realize type (2) only. As such, <mask> is an incompatibilist regarding definitions (2) and (3), and a compatibilist regarding definition (1). He believes indeterminism is the case, so falls in the camp of Free Will Libertarianism along with philosophers such as Robert Kane. For example, a tiger seeing a tapir in the Sumatran jungle can internally weigh various possible paths toward capturing the tapir given criteria such as path and effort minimization and stealth maximization. But no tiger thinks to itself, "next year I want to become a different kind of tiger, one that eats fewer tapirs and more pangolins." A human, in contrast, can envision future possible selves, weigh their

masks: Tse Tse Tse


texts:
 merits, and then choose to become a desired self, and with effort realize such a self. For example, a person may desire to learn a foreign language, envision learning numerous possible foreign languages, deliberate among them, weighing various pros and cons, and then select, say, 'Swahili'.After a year of hard work, a person can have transformed their nervous system into a new type of nervous system and mind, namely, one that can now process Swahili inputs and produce Swahili outputs. As such, Tse views the human imagination to be the central engine of free will, when combined with the physical and motivational wherewithal to realize imagined futures. In contrast, he has argued that the Libet experiments (where preceding brain activity can be used to decode picking this versus that option, such as turning left versus right, or the timing of an event, such as a finger motion, before a person becomes conscious of willing) are largely irrelevant to free will, because free will is rooted in imaginative deliberation and choosing, not picking among arbitrary and meaningless alternatives. Libet's picking paradigm also misses the fundamental importance of willpower in realizing envisioned future paths or future selves, where, for example, a person can envision numerous possible flying machines, but then must also have the determination and perseverance to build that machine, and thereby transform the world, as the Wright brothers did. Similarly, he has dismissed Wegner's claims that there is no free will with the statement, "Just as the existence of visual illusions does not prove that all vision is illusory, the existence of illusions of conscious agency does not prove that conscious operations cannot be causal of action in certain cases." References

External links
 <mask> <mask>, Dartmouth College Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences
 EPSCor Attention Consortium

1962 births
Living people
American neuroscientists
Cognitive neuroscientists
Dartmouth College alumni
Dartmouth College faculty
Harvard

masks:
Peter Ulric
Tse


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<mask> (born October 27, 1975) is a Canadian actor. He has played dozens of characters on television, most notably in science fiction and fantasy genres. His career in the world of voice-over and performance capture is extensive, with roles in film, television, and video games, and voice-overs in animations and commercials. Career

Acting

<mask> graduated from high school in 1994 and went on to obtain a diploma of college studies in theater from Dawson College in Montreal, in 2000. In 2001, he moved to New York City. After a little over a year, and a handful of off-on Broadway and fringe festival plays, he returned to Canada. Toufexis acted in small television roles at first, eventually playing Morton in the made-for-television film The Five People You Meet in Heaven, based on a book by Mitch Albom.He then played Webber in an episode of Supernatural. <mask> followed this with his second appearance on Smallville as the character Bronson, who can travel between radio frequencies and who kidnaps Lex Luthor. His third character on Smallville was Emil Lasalle, a.k.a. Warp, a member of the Suicide Squad from DC Comics. He has since played the "villain of the week" on shows like Criminal Minds, The Listener, Painkiller Jane, Flashpoint, Flash Gordon, Stargate Atlantis, Lost Girl, and Houdini & Doyle. He has also appeared on The Expanse, where he plays two major characters. In season one, he plays the role of Kenzo Gabriel, the spy that joins the crew of the Rocinante.In season two, he portrays, via performance capture, the role of the hybrid creature or "The Seventh Man". Voice and motion capture
Toufexis began his video game voice-over and performance-capture career in 2006 with Need for Speed: Carbon. Two of his most popular characters are Andriy Kobin and Adam Jensen. Kobin is one of the villains in Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Conviction, where Toufexis developed a cult following due to his manic and humorous performance. He

masks:
Elias Toufexis
Toufexis
Toufexis


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 reprised the role, this time as a main supporting character, in a far more expanded role, in Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Blacklist. Adam Jensen is the main character in Deus Ex: Human Revolution; Toufexis' wife, Michelle Boback, had a major supporting role in this game as scientist Megan Reed. Toufexis has publicly stated that he is a fan of the Deus Ex series, particularly the one released in 2000.The actor was cast to play the protagonist of Far Cry 3, Jason Brody. However, he was replaced by another voice actor, Gianpaolo Venuta, after he worked on the role for two years, as the publisher of the game did not want players to confuse Brody with Jensen. He played the lead role in Far Cry Primal, a spin-off of the Far Cry series. <mask> reprised his role as Jensen in Deus Ex: Mankind Divided, a sequel to Human Revolution. On February 28, 2018, Toufexis announced on Twitter that he was voicing a character in the new BattleTech video game by Harebrained Schemes, stating that he had sought out a role and was accepted. That character was later revealed to be Commodore Samuel Ostergaard of the Taurian Concordat Navy, a primary antagonist in the game. Filmography

Animation
 Anti-Hero as Auspex (voice)
 Blood of Zeus as Seraphim (voice)
 Max Steel: Bio Crisis as Iago (voice)
 Max Steel: Dark Rival as Iago (voice)
 The Legend of Sarila as Kauji (voice)

Live-action
 Against the Wall as O'Leary
 Alphas as Cornell Scipio
 Ascension as Mark Hayes
 Ba'al as McCulloch
 Bitten as Joey Stillwell
 Blade: The Series as Young Donny Flannigan
 Bloodsuckers as Officer Brackish
 Brilliant as Adam
 Conduct Unbecoming as Captain Cannon
 Connor's War as Captain
 Criminal Minds as Dustin
 Crisis Point as Scott Sanders
 Da Vinci's Inquest as Constable Dan Archibald
 Dead Like Me as Brian
 Decoys as Roger
 Engaged to Kill as Sullivan
 Eureka as Adam Barlowe
 FBI as Curt Williams
 Flash Gordon as Rundle
 Flashpoint as Danny Lucic
 Fries with


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Sandra Cason "<mask>" <mask> (born October 31, 1937), was an American radical student activist and civil rights worker in the 1960s. Recognized for her defense of direct action in the struggle against racial segregation, in 1960 she was an early recruit to Students for a Democratic Society (SDS). With Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in Mississippi  <mask> was a strategist and organizer for the 1964 Freedom Summer. In the internal discussion that followed its uncertain outcome, she clashed with the SNCC national executive. <mask>'s vision was of a "radically democratic" movement driven by organizers in the field. In defending grassroots organization she believed she was also advocating for the voice of women. In "Sex and Caste" (November 1965), a reworking of an internal memo they had drafted with other SNCC women, <mask> and Mary King drew  "parallels" with the experience of African-Americans to suggest that women are "caught up in a common-law caste system that operates, sometimes subtly, forcing them to work around or outside hierarchical structures of power."Since regarded as a bridge connecting civil rights to women's liberation, <mask> describes its publication as her "last action as a movement activist." In the decades since, she has continued to acknowledge the civil-rights struggle of the era as the forerunner for women, and for all those, who have taken up "the idea of organising for themselves." Early life
<mask> was born Sandra Cason on October 31, 1937, in Austin, Texas, as a fourth-generation Texan. She was raised in Victoria, Texas, in a "“multigenerational matriarchal family”—by her mother, Eula Weisiger Cason ("the only divorced woman in town"), her mother's sister, and her grandmother. An unconventional arrangement, she believed it cultivated in her from the outset an affinity for those on the margins. Campus activist
In 1957 Cason enrolled as junior at The University of Texas. She moved out of campus dorms into the Social Gospel and racially integrated Christian Faith and Life

masks:
Casey
Hayden
Hayden
Hayden
Hayden
Hayden
Casey Hayden


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 Community, and as officer of Young Women's Christian Association and member of the Social Action Committee of the university's Religious Council was soon engaged in civil-rights education and protest.Continuing from 1959 as a UT English and philosophy graduate student, she participated in a successful sit-in campaign to desegregate Austin-area restaurants and theaters. In a dramatic intervention at the National Student Association convention in Minneapolis in August 1960, Cason turned back a broadly supported motion that objecting to sit-ins would have denied support to the fledgling Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). “I cannot say to a person who suffers injustice, ‘Wait,’ And having decided that I cannot urge caution, I must stand with him.” Among the delegates who, after a moments silence, gave her a standing ovation were SDS president Alan Haber, who, as she recalls, "scooped" her up, and <mask> editor of University of Michigan student newspaper. Stirred by her "ability to think morally [and] express herself poetically," he followed her into Haber's new left-wing grouping. At the SNCC second coordinating conference in Atlanta in October 1960, Cason reported herself transfixed by the idea of the Beloved Community as espoused by James Lawson and Diane Nash of the Nashville Student Movement. With the SNCC in the South

In the summer of 1961 Cason moved to New York City and lived with <mask>. In a ceremony invoking Albert Camus--"I, on the other hand, choose justice in order to remain faithful to the world"—they  married in October, and then moved to Atlanta."Godmother of the SNCC" Ella Baker had hired Cason (now <mask>) for a YWCA special project, travelling to southern campuses to conduct integrated race-relations workshops (secretly in the case of some white schools). She also worked in the SNCC office on, among other projects, preparations for the Freedom Riders who were to challenge non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decision Boynton v. Virginia (1960). In December, as Freedom

masks:
Tom Hayden
Tom Hayden
Casey Hayden


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 Riders themselves, the <mask>s were arrested in Albany, Georgia. It was from the jail cell that <mask> began drafting what was to become the Port Huron Statement, adopted by the SDS at its convention in June 1962 in Ann Arbor, Michigan. With <mask> elected SDS president for the 1962–1963 academic year, and <mask> heeding the SNCC call to return to Atlanta, they separated, divorcing in 1965. While she had had the reputation in the SDS of being "one of the boys,"  much of the discussion within the SDS inner circle struck her as young men posturing. Her heart was with the SNCC where, consistent with the focus on action, greater value was placed on building relationships, and where women, Black women, spoke out.In 1963, <mask> moved to Mississippi where, along with Doris Derby, she was asked to begin a literacy project at Tougaloo College in an all-black community outside Jackson. The comparative safety of the college was a consideration: out in the field the increased visibility she brought as a white woman was a risk not only to herself, but also to her comrades. But it was also important to <mask> that the "request was specifically made" because of her background in English education:

As a Southerner, I considered the Southern Freedom Movement Against Segregation mine as much any one else's. I was working for my right to be with who I chose to be with as I chose to be with them. It was my freedom. However, when I worked full time in the black community I considered myself a guest of that community, which required decency and good manners, as every Southerner knows. I considered myself a support person; my appropriate role was to provide support from behind the lines, not to be a leader in any public way.It was not that within SNCC she did not have a "right to leadership" but that "it would have been counterproductive." Not being "a leader in any public way," however, did not leave <mask> feeling in any way excluded. Although she appears quicker to recognize the  advantage it was to her as a woman in the movement

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Tom Hayden
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Casey Hayden
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 than to her as a "guest" in the community, <mask> noted that because of "the participatory, town-hall, consensus-forming nature of the SNCC operation" being "on the Executive Committee or a project director didn't carry much weight anyway." Her ability to make decisions and to control her own work was not a matter of formal position. In 1964 she became organizer and strategist for Freedom Summer and for the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party in the challenge they were to mount to the seating of the all-white regulars at the 1964 Democratic National Convention. She explains that in those roles:
I did the work all the way up and down. That means I did my own typing and mimeographing and mailing and I also did my own research and analysis and writing and decision making, the latter usually in conversation with other staff.As we said at the time, both about our constituencies and ourselves, "The people who do the work should make the decisions." There were no secretaries in SNCC, with the exception of Norma Collins in the Atlanta office, so there was no office hierarchy. I was at the center of the organization, unlimited except by my own choices and challenged at every turn to think and do and grow and care. However, it is the recollection of Elaine DeLott Baker that when she joined <mask> in Jackson just the month before Freedom Summer, the era when "the beloved community"  operated "in a space beyond race and gender" was already being spoken of with nostalgia.There was a hierarchy in place that determined the definition of the "people" in the phrase, "Let the people decide". There was an unspoken understanding of who should speak up at meetings, who should propose ideas in public places, and who should remain silent. [It] was not the traditional hierarchy, it was a hierarchy based on considerations of race, the amount of time spent in the struggle, dangers suffered, and finally, of gender . . . —black men at the top of the hierarchy, then black women, followed by white men, and at the bottom, white women."Women,

masks: Hayden Hayden


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 black and white," still retained "an enormous amount of operational freedom, they were indeed the ones that were keeping things moving." But as people began to debate the direction the movement should take "in the post-freedom summer reality," there was "little public recognition of that reality." At the end of the summer, <mask> describes everyone in the movement "reeling from the violence," from the impact of "the new racial imbalance" following the influx of white-student volunteers, and from "the lack of direction and money." Most of all they were staggered to find the Democratic Party "in the role of racist lunch counter owner refusing entrance to the MFDP at the Atlantic City convention. The core of SNCC's work, voter registration, was open to question." As an opportunity to take stock, to critique and reevaluate the organization, a retreat in Waveland, Mississippi was organized for November. "Sex and Caste"
Among the Position Papers circulated at Waveland, number 24 ("name witheld by request") opened with the observation that the "large committee" formed to present "crucial constitutional revisions" to the staff "was all men."Although <mask> and another Ella Baker YWCA protégé, Mary King, were soon outed as authors, a number of women in the Jackson office contributed to the drafting. Elaine DeLott Baker recalls King, in her "organized style," summarizing the discussion, while <mask>, with her "impressive intellect and commitment," "helped us see how the feminist readings that fuelled our discussions related to our experiences as women in the movement." <mask>, for her part, remembers DeLott Baker writing the opening section ("a list of complaints about inequality of access to leadership on the part of women in SNCC"), and "as we thought about parallels between being black" of helping to draw this out. "Assumptions of male superiority," the paper proposed, "are as widespread and deep rooted and every much as crippling to the woman as the assumptions of white supremacy are to the Negro," so that many women,

masks: Hayden Hayden Hayden Hayden


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 "give themselves up to that caricature of what a woman is-- unthinking, pliable, an ornament to please." <mask> insists that there was never a demand that the SNCC broaden its brief to "take women's roles on as an issue." The movement, in her view, "had enough to do." Rather the "express purpose" in circulating the memo among SNCC women "was to create conversations among us about what mattered to us, strengthening the bonds between us which sustained us, and thus strengthening the movement from within."With so many women themselves "insensitive" to the "day-to-day discriminations" (who is asked to take minutes, who gets to clean Freedom House), the paper had concluded that "amidst the laughter" discussion was perhaps the best that could be hoped for. At the time, and in "the Waveland setting," <mask> regarded the entire intervention as "an aside." In the new year, she was to reconsider. Seeking to further "dialogue within the movement," <mask> drafted an extended paper, finalized a version with Mary King, and then circulated it to 40 other women of whom 29 (16 black women, 12 white women, and one Latina) had strong ties to SNCC. Notwithstanding its subsequent reputation as a "key text of second-wave feminism," in what she persisted in calling "A Kind of Memo" <mask> avoided the feminist language that she and her friends had learned from reading Simone de Beauvoir, Betty Friedan and Doris Lessing. Within "the framework of human rights and civil liberties at the time . . . women's rights had no meaning, indeed they did not exist."Instead she continued to rely on the movement's own rhetoric of race relations:
There seem to be many parallels that can be drawn between treatment of Negroes and treatment of women in our society as a whole. But in particular, women we've talked to who work in the movement seem to be caught up in a common-law caste system that operates, sometimes subtly, forcing them to work around or outside hierarchical structures of power which may exclude them. Women seem to be placed in the same


texts:
 position of assumed subordination in personal situations too. It is a caste system which, at its worst, uses and exploits women. In November 1965, <mask> had the paper published in Liberation, the bi-monthly of the War Resisters League, the title Sex and Caste being suggested by the editor by David McReynolds. It was, <mask> has pointed out, her "last action as movement activist." In the fall of 1965 <mask> had been in a difficult position.Like some other white SNCC veterans after Freedom Summer she "took a stab at white organizing." Officially on loan from the SNCC, <mask> worked with the SDS in Chicago organizing displaced Appalachian women into a welfare recipients union, a foot soldier in <mask>'s vision of an "interracial movement of the poor." It was hard and, because of male violence, at times dangerous. She realized it was "foolhardy" to organize women alone and on her own. She needed help, and this was motive for revisiting the original memo She was also at a point at which it was clear that there was no going back to the SNCC she had known. Break with SNCC leadership
At an April 1965 SNCC Executive Committee meeting in Holly Springs, Mississippi, <mask> was labelled a "floater," a "derisive term for staff members who were viewed as too independent from the leadership structure." Although at times raucous, the reception of the paper on women may not have been the immediate issue.<mask> had authored, and owned to, another paper at Waveland the previous November, a "Memorandum on Structure. "—her own contribution on the question of constitutional revision. SNCC executive secretary James Forman had questioned Martin Luther King Jr.'s top-down leadership style at the Southern Christian Leadership Conference Yet by the close of 1964 he was increasingly insistent on the need within the SNCC for "structure." <mask> conceded that at this point "there was no way to make a decision." In the absence of a command structure "there was no regular communication between Atlanta and the organizers. We had been flying by

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Tom Hayden
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texts: the seat of our pants for years." Through the committee Forman put forward a plan for a decision making structure that "spoke to the structural needs of the Atlanta office."Bob Moses countered with a paper that "spoke to the structural needs of organizers." <mask>'s attempt, as she saw it, was "to get us through the impasse." She agreed the need for structure, "basically" Forman's, while seeking to maintain "both SNCC's central allegiance to programmatic control by organizers in the field and respect for the way we had organically developed, the ways we actually operated." Her plan went along with Forman's proposal to constitute the staff as the Coordinating Committee (the campus sit-in groups that comprised the original Committee had largely evaporated in the move to voter registration). But she hedged it round with various sub-committees and provisos to ensure that "leadership for all our programs" would continue to be driven from the field and not from central office "which makes many program areas responsible to one person rather than to all of us." This still suggested too loose, too confederal a structure for the party-political direction on which Forman and others were now travelling. At first this was toward the project of a Southwide Freedom Summer that, independent of the  manpower and publicity of white volunteers, would build a "Black Belt political party" that could write its "own voting  bill."Later, and after a decision in 1966 to organize embattled ghettos in the North, it was toward a coast-to-coast "Black United Front." This was to be forged through a merger (from which Forman and the majority did, ultimately, pull back) with the Black Panthers: Stokely Carmichael as "Prime Minister", James Forman as "Foreign Minister." <mask> had couched her proposals in gender-neutral terms, but she did believe that it was in a grassroots organization that women's voices would be most influential. Whether or not it was uppermost in her mind at the time, she later reflected that "patriarchy was an issue." At


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 her last SNCC meeting in November 1965, <mask>, "at dinner," told both Forman and Chairman John Lewis that the "imbalance of power in SNCC" was such that they would both need to step down if the movement was to remain "radically democratic." In the meeting itself, her notes record that <mask> did not speak in defense of her position that a "looser structure" was not "'no structure,' but [a] different structure" because, she concluded, "no one would have listened." Later years
After 1965 <mask> worked for the New York Department of Welfare for a couple of years before moving to a rural Vermont commune with some other Mississippi veterans.She studied Zen Buddhism, and had two children with Dondald Campbell Boyce III, a "yogi carpenter" who helped <mask> and others establish the Integral Yoga Institute of San Francisco in 1970. In 1981, <mask> was back in Atlanta working for the voter-education, voter-registration Southern Regional Council. Later, she worked in the mayoral administration of Martin Luther King Jr.'s former lieutenant, Andrew Young, as an administrative aide in the Department of Parks, Recreation and Culture. In 1994 she married her partner Paul Buckwalter (1934-2016), with whom, in Tucson Arizona, she had care of seven stepchildren. A veteran of the 1968 Poor People's March on Washington and of community organizing with the Industrial Areas Foundation, Buckwalter was an Episcopalian priest and a leader in the Sanctuary movement. In 2010 <mask> spoke out against Arizona SB 1070, a state measure that criminalizes the movement by  outlawing the shelter and transport undocumented immigrants. It was "the most obvious example," she commented, of "Fortress America, the right wing's answer to the real issues we all face: 'We’ve got it and we are keeping it and we’ll shoot you if you try to get any of it.'"Reflections
In 1986, <mask> was interviewed with regard to Freedom Summer by researchers for the PBS television series Eyes on the Prize. She was not asked about the issues raised by Sex and Caste but was

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 pressed on black-white division within the SNCC Mississippi operation, particularly in the light of calls for Black Power and black separatism. She allowed that there was an understandable degree of frustration, even resentment, felt by the local black staff, "the backbone" of the project, in having to deal "with a lot of young white people who were intellectual and moneyed." Calls for Black Power only came later, after Freedom Summer, and were in great measure a reaction, she believed, to continued political exclusion, something which the refusal to accredit the MFDP at the Democratic convention had dramatically symbolized: "it was like, if you won't let us in, we'll do our own thing." Division of any kind, however, was not her abiding memory of the movement. Rather it was the feeling of being "part of a visionary community which really transcended race and really was integrated," and whose later dissipation continued to be felt as "a great loss." It was also "a lot of fun.""We were all out there doing whatever we thought up to do. We were totally self-directed people, and very few people have that experience." The "direction" travelled with the movement in the South "put a lot of people in touch with themselves and the idea of organizing for themselves, so it spun off into anti-war organizing, and women's organizing and so on." There was also what <mask> called "the long suits of the black community in the South," the "patience and spirituality." This was something she believed northern black intellectuals tried to "tap into" and that she felt she and others also "picked up on." References

[[Category:
American women activists]]
American civil rights activists
University of Texas at Austin College of Liberal Arts alumni
1937 births
Living people
Members of Students for a Democratic Society (1960 organization)
American political activists
American social activists
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
Freedom Riders
American feminists
Women civil rights activists
20th-century American women
21st-century


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<mask> (13 March 1915 – 28 November 2002) was a Turkish writer whose poetry stands outside the traditional literary movements. He also wrote in many other genres which, over six and a half decades, included eleven collections of poems, eight plays, eight novels, fifteen collections of essays, several of which won major literary awards. He also translated several books from diverse languages into Turkish. Biography
<mask> was born in Istanbul in 1915 and lived there until his parents moved to Ankara in 1931. He graduated from Gazi High School and for a while began studying sociology in Belgium on a State Railways scholarship but had to return home in 1940 after the German invasion. Between 1942–51 he worked as a publication consultant for the Ministry of Education in Ankara and then as a city librarian. During this time he began his career as a journalist for several newspapers.After 1954, he worked as a teacher for the Istanbul Municipal Conservatory. Between 1964 and 1969, <mask> served on Turkish Radio Television’s Board of Directors. After he retired from his position in the Conservatory in 1977, <mask> was assigned to UNESCO Headquarters in Paris as Cultural Attaché until recalled after a change of Government. Literary career
As a poet, <mask> was one of the leaders of the Garip movement, which also included Orhan Veli and Oktay Rifat. According to the preface of their joint collection, published in 1941, poetry should abandon the formalism and rhetorical classical style of previous centuries, making itself simple, colloquial, and matter of fact—an artless art designed

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Melih Cevdet Anday
Melih Cevdet Anday
Anday
Anday
Anday


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 to serve the common people. However, present there even then was an uneasy acknowledgement of French Surrealism, and <mask> official recognition. In particular his play Mikado’nun Çöpleri (The Mikado Game) earned him several awards: Most Successful Playwright of the 1967–1968 Drama Season; the İlhan İskender Prize; Ankara Art Lovers Foundation for the Best Playwright in 1971–1972. Another play, Ölümsüzler ya da Bir Cinayetin Söylencesi (The Immortals or the Legend of a Murder) won the Enka Art Prize in 1980. His poetry collection Teknenin Ölümü (Death of the Boat) won the 1978 Sedat Simavi Foundation Literature Prize, and Ölümsüzlük Ardında Gılgamış (Gilgamesh Beyond Death) gained the 1981 Türkiye İş Bankası Prize.In 1971 UNESCO honoured him among other outstanding European authors. He also received the TÜYAP Honour Prize for 1991 and the 2000 Aydın Doğan Foundation’s Literature Award. In 1994 the sculptor Metin Yurdanur cast a seated statue of him in bronze which is now sited in the park named after him at Ören on the Gulf of Gökova. Bibliography

Poetry
 Garip (Odd, 1941) with Orhan Veli and Oktay Rifat
 Rahatı Kaçan Ağaç (The Disturbed Tree, 1946)
 Telgrafhane (Telegram Office, 1952)
 Yan Yana (Side by side, 1956)
 Kolları bağlı Odysseus (Odysseus Bound, 1963)
 Göçebe Denizin Üstünde (On the Nomad Sea, 1970)
 Teknenin Ölümü (The death of a Boat, 1975)
 Sözcükler (Words, 1978)
 Ölümsüzlük Ardında Gılgamış (Gilgamesh Beyond Death, 1981)
 Güneşte (In the Sun, 1989)
 Yağmurun Altında (Under the Rain, 1995)
 Seçme Şiirler (Selected Poetry, 1997). Novels
 Aylaklar (The


texts:
 Vagabonds, 1965)
 Gizli Emir (The Secret Command, 1970)
 İsa'nın Güncesi (The Diary of Christ, 1974)
 Raziye (1975)
 Yağmurlu Sokak (Rainy Street, 1991),
 Meryem Gibi (Like Mary, 1991)
 Birbirimizi Anlayamayız (We Cannot Understand Each Other, 1992). Book-length translations include the novel Aylaklar into Bulgarian (Sofia 1966) and poetry selections into French: Ulysse Bras Attachés et autres poèmes, (Poésie-Club UNESCO, Paris, 1970) and Offrandes 1946–1989 (Editions UNESCO, 1998). US selections of poetry include On The Nomad Sea, (Geronimo Books, New York, 1974); Rain One Step Away, (Charioteer Press, Washington, DC, 1980); Silent Stones: Selected Poems of Melih Cevdet Anday (Northfield: Talisman House, 2017).The last of these, translated by poets Sidney Wade and  Efe Murad, was winner of the 2015 Meral Divitçi Prize. Sources

1.M.C.ANDAY. "EI" Magazine of European Art Center (EUARCE) of Greece, 8st issue 1994, p.11 & 38-39

See also
 Garip Movement
 List of contemporary Turkish poets

References

External links
"A poem in the manner of Karacaoğlan", translations by Sidney Wade and  Efe Murad in "Asymptote" sections 1 and 4; sections 6-8
"Voice", a translation by Sidney Wade and  Efe Murad in "Guernica"
 "Garip: A Turkish Poetry Manifesto", a translation by Sidney Wade and  Efe Murad in "Critical Flame" The Critical Flame
 8 poems
 Eight poems in A Brave New Quest: 100 Modern Turkish Poems, Syracuse University Press 2006
 "Silent Stones: Selected Poems of <mask> <mask> <mask>",

1915 births
2002 deaths
People from Istanbul
Turkish poets
20th-century poets
Cultural

masks: Melih Cevdet Anday


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<mask><mask> (born November 1, 1942) is an American medical toxicologist and pediatrician. His primary clinical and research interest has been in clinical toxicology with a special interest in acetaminophen poisoning. Since 2014 he is Emeritus Professor of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. Early years and education
<mask><mask> was born in Chicago, Illinois on November 1, 1942. He grew up in Whitefish Bay, Wisconsin and graduated from Whitefish Bay High School in 1960. In 1964, he graduated from the University of Chicago with a Bachelor of Science in Microbiology in 1964. In 1968, Rumack completed medical school at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, where he received his M.D.He was a Clinical Research Fellow at the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Baltimore Cancer Center in the section of Neurosurgery and a Research Fellow with Jordan Holtzman, MD, PhD in the Section of Pharmacology. In 1971, he returned in 1971 to the University of Colorado to complete a pediatric residency and then did a fellowship at the University of Colorado School of Medicine in Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology. During the second half of 1973 he was clinical fellow with Dr. Henry Matthew MD at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh in Edinburgh, Scotland. He developed a significant interest in acetaminophen and along with Professor Matthew collected 34 cases of overdose and combined them with 30 previously published cases in creation of a nomogram relating blood level to time of ingestion. That was then published in 1975 and is used worldwide in the assessment of acetaminophen overdose treatment as Rumack–Matthew nomogram. Academic career
In January 1973, Rumack joined the faculty of the University of Colorado School of Medicine as

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. Rumack
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texts: Assistant Professor of Pediatrics. He has been with the university ever since and was named Emeritus Professor of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics in 2014.In 1973, <mask> developed Poisindex, one of the first commercial databases, which could retrieve diagnosis and treatment data for a vast variety of poisonous substances. Published first on microfiche and later on CD-ROM it became the standard software used by the majority of poison control centers in the US and globally. In January 1974, he became the Director of the Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center (now Denver Health Medical Center) and served in this role until his retirement in 1992. His early work at the center was focused on developing a regional resource for poison information and treatment. Part of that work involved the development of Poisindex. Within that system an International Mushroom Toxicology Classification system was developed. Similar systems for plants and snakes were also incorporated.Having such technical advantage, Rumack established a hotline at the Rocky Mountain Poison & Drug Center Rumack, where every poison enquiry could be answered within 30 to 50 seconds. The Kansas City Star 1978 feature story noted that the center "has become a technical prototype for similar operations around the country". In 1973, he and co-authors published a paper examining hepatic drug metabolism and malnutrition. This paper was based on extensive work with monkeys who were also assessed for cognitive and other functions in separate publications and forms the metabolic basis for the understanding of the importance of correcting malnutrition during early brain development. This work is utilized today as part of the basis for the United Nations emergency feeding programs. In 1976, along with co-authors he published a paper regarding unrecognizable


texts: salicylate intoxication which revealed numerous missed cases of aspirin poisoning in patients who were thought to have metabolic acidosis of unknown origin. In September 1976, he began a protocol and was the principal investigator of the use of n-acetylcysteine for the treatment of acetaminophen overdose as part of a National Multiclinic Study which collected and published the largest series of acetaminophen cases ever collected in The New England Journal of Medicine in 1988.This treatment, now given intravenously, has been the standard approach to this overdose to this day worldwide. In 1978, together with Emanuel Salzman <mask> co-authored Mushroom Poisoning:diagnosis and treatment, which had a second edition in 1994 with David Spoerke as a co-author. In 1980, he was portrayed in the movie Airplane! (1980) as Dr. <mask> (played by Leslie Nielsen), who took care of passengers on the plane with food poisoning. In 2008, in a testimony at court he explained that he used to live in Milwaukee next door to filmmakers David and Jerry Zucker and they took his name for the movie role. In May 1989, Rumack visited Georgia as part of a three experts team commissioned by Physicians for Human Rights to investigate a possible use of toxic gas during the April 9 tragedy. He was able to identify the gas as chloropicrin which is an illegal war gas utilizing a mass spectrometer at the Tbilisi State Medical University.In 1999, he was doing a sabbatical at the Food and Drug Administration when he was asked  to evaluate safe levels for exposure to methylmercury in pediatric vaccines. Rumack developed a pharmacokinetic model to analyze the amount of mercury to which infants were being exposed and found that mercury levels at Thiomersal-containing vaccines were far exceeding safety guidelines established by EPA, FDA and ATSDR.

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 Unfortunately, the FDA did not share this information with the public. <mask> has continued with academic work at the University of Colorado School of Medicine both teaching and doing research. His most recent publications were focused on the use of fomepizole as a treatment for delayed and massive ingestions of acetaminophen (Akakpo 2019, Kang et al. 2019, Adkakpo et al. 2020.).Selected Publications

Selected books

Awards and recognition
<mask> received three highest American career achievement awards in the field of clinical toxicology: an Annual Recognition Award from the American Association of Poison Control Centers (1985), Matthew J. Ellenhorn Award from the American College of Medical Toxicology (2001) and the Career Achievement Award from the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology (2011). His work was also recognized by the Clinton Thienes, M.D., Award from the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology (1991) and by Honorary Doctorate from the Jagiellonian University (1995). References

External links
 <mask><mask> profile on WorldCat Identities
 <mask><mask> publications on Google Scholar
 <mask><mask> profile on VIAF
 <mask> <mask> profile on ResearchGate

Living people
1942 births
American toxicologists
University of Colorado faculty
University of Colorado fellows
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health alumni
University of Colorado School of Medicine

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Barry H
. Rumack
Barry H
. Rumack
Barry H
. Rumack
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<mask> (born 17 March 1989) is a Swedish professional ice hockey centre and alternate captain for the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League (NHL). <mask> was a first round selection, 24th overall, of the Flames in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft, and made his NHL debut in 2008–09. He played junior hockey for VIK Västerås HK in the J20 SuperElit and the Kelowna Rockets of the Western Hockey League (WHL). He was a member of Kelowna's WHL championship team in 2009. Internationally, <mask> has represented Sweden on several occasions—he was a member of two silver medal-winning teams at the World Junior Championship, and has won a bronze, silver and gold medals with the Swedes at the World Championship. Playing career

Västerås HK
Backlund began his junior hockey career with the VIK Västerås HK organization in the J20 SuperElit, Sweden's premier junior league. His impressive two-way play earned him the opportunity to play for Västerås' senior team in the second-tier HockeyAllsvenskan as a 16-year-old.In his debut on 2 November 2005, during an away game against Växjö Lakers, <mask> scored a goal in the first period of a 4–0 win and was selected as the player of the game for his team. He tallied four points in his 12 games in HockeyAllsvenskan during the 2005–06 season. That same season, <mask> was dominant in the 2006 TV-pucken, a national under-17 tournament in Sweden played among districts. Leading the tournament in goal- and point-scoring, he was selected as the most valuable player and given the Sven Tumba Award as best forward in the tournament. <mask> played another two seasons for Västerås HK, splitting time in the J20 SuperElit and HockeyAllsvenskan. During this time, he was selected in the first round, 24th overall, by the Calgary Flames in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft. Scouts had ranked him second amongst European skaters.Following the 2007–08 season, <mask> signed an entry-level contract with the

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 Flames. He impressed during the rookie camp but was not as successful during the main training camp, and started the 2008–09 season playing on loan for Västerås back in HockeyAllsvenskan. After his success in the 2009 World Junior Championships, he returned to Calgary and made his NHL debut on 8 January 2009, in a 5–2 win against the New York Islanders. Soon thereafter, the Flames assigned him to the Kelowna Rockets of the Western Hockey League (WHL) for the remainder of the 2008–09 season. Competing for the Rockets in the 2009 WHL playoffs, <mask> tied teammate Jamie Benn for the League lead with 13 goals in 19 games as Kelowna defeated the Calgary Hitmen in the final to win the Ed Chynoweth Cup. Calgary Flames
<mask> began the 2009–10 season with the Flames' American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Abbotsford Heat. On 26 January 2010, he was called up to play on the NHL squad, and scored his first NHL goal on 28 January against the Phoenix Coyotes.He split the season between the AHL and NHL, scoring 32 points in 54 games in Abbotsford, and ten points in 23 games with Calgary. Though he spent most of the 2010–11 season in Calgary, <mask> struggled offensively early, and after scoring just eight points in his first 32 games, was sat out of six consecutive games as a healthy scratch before being sent to Abbotsford on a brief conditioning stint. He appeared in 73 games for the Flames, scoring ten goals and 25 points. Injuries plagued <mask> throughout 2011–12. He was expected to centre the Flames' top line between Jarome Iginla and Alex Tanguay, but suffered a broken finger in training camp that twice required surgery to repair and caused him to miss the first six weeks of the season. He then suffered a shoulder injury in a mid-February game while attempting to confront a Vancouver Canucks player he felt had injured a teammate. The injury ended his season, and in 41 games, he scored only 11

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texts: points.Following the season, the Flames re-signed <mask> to a new contract for the 2012–13 season, a one-year deal worth US$725,000. However, with the season's start delayed by a labour dispute, <mask> returned to Sweden for the balance of the lockout. He re-joined Västerås and appeared in 23 games for the team, scoring 12 goals and 30 points before returning to North America after a new deal between the NHL and its players was reached. His performance with Västerås provided a confidence boost for <mask>, who said that he wanted to return to Calgary and "show everybody I can play way better." <mask> enjoyed a solid NHL season upon coming back to Calgary, missing 16 games but still managing to post one point every two games on average for the first time in his career. His eight goals and sixteen points were eighth and tenth on a rebuilding Flames team which badly missed the playoffs. In July 2013, the Flames signed <mask> to a two-year, $3 million contract extension.That season, he recorded the best totals of his career in every offensive category, finishing third on the Flames in goals (18) and fourth in points (39). While the team around him regressed to the worst finish in team history, <mask> asserted himself as one of its top offensive threats. In 2014–15, <mask> faltered slightly, suffering through injuries and trade rumours; however, the Flames surprisingly skyrocketed up the standings en route to their first playoff berth in six years. <mask>'s 10 goals and 27 points were just 11th and 12th on the Flames, but he only played 52 games in the regular season. He continued struggling into the playoffs, only recording 1 goal and 1 assist in 11 games played. However, the one goal <mask> scored was an important one, as it came in overtime of Game 3 of the Flames' second-round series against the Anaheim Ducks to give Calgary their first win past the first round in 13 years. On 20 June 2015, <mask>

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 signed a three-year, $10.725 million contract extension with Calgary.Put on a line with free-agent acquisition Michael Frolík, <mask> enjoyed his most productive year yet in 2015–16, passing the 20-goal and 40-point plateaus for the first time in his career. His final totals were 21 goals and 26 assists for 47 points. While contributing significantly in the offensive zone, <mask> also established himself as a defensive catalyst, forming a tag-team on the penalty kill with Frolík; together, the two of them combined for five short-handed goals in the season. <mask> finished first on the team in the plus/minus column, sporting a +10. <mask> kept improving in 2016–17, turning into one of the NHL's premier two-way players. At the discretion of new head coach Glen Gulutzan, rookie Matthew Tkachuk was slotted in on the left side of <mask> and Frolík, forming a line dubbed by fans and media as the "3M Line". Matthew, <mask> and Michael formed one of the most potent lines in the NHL in 2016–17, combining for 145 points, the most of any Flames line.Contributing the most offense to that line was <mask>, who once again eclipsed his career-highs by posting 22 goals and 53 points, good for second and third on the Flames. He also played well past the regular season, posting a goal and two assists in four playoff games. However, it was <mask>'s defensive work that began to receive recognition around the NHL in 2016–17, as he finished fourth in voting for the Frank J. Selke Trophy, awarded each year to the NHL's best defensive forward. On 16 February 2018, <mask> signed a six-year contract extension with the Flames. International play
<mask> played for Sweden at the 2006 World U18 Championships, scoring one goal in three games. In 2007, he led Sweden to a U18 bronze medal when he scored a natural hat-trick in an 8–3 win over Canada in the bronze medal game. He led the tournament in goal-scoring with six goals in six

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 games.<mask> was a member of the Swedish junior team that won back-to-back silver medals in the 2008 and 2009 World Junior Championships, losing to Canada in both instances. He scored the game-winning goal in overtime in the 2008 semi-final against Russia. The next year, he recorded a two-goal game in the semi-final against Slovakia. After being eliminated in the second round of the AHL playoffs in 2010, <mask> was invited to play for Sweden's men's team at the World Championships, accepting the offer. Despite being left off the initial roster, <mask> was invited to the 2016 World Cup of Hockey as a replacement for injured Henrik Zetterberg on 1 September. <mask> is the captain of the Swedish team, and helped to win the gold at the World Championships in 2018. Personal life
<mask> is charitably active in both Calgary and Sweden.In Calgary, he is a spokesman for both the Special Olympics and the Kid's Cancer Care Foundation. Since 2013, he has donated $150 to the latter charity for each NHL point he records. He has also listed the ALS Society of Alberta has his charity of choice, and in partnership with KPMG, donates $200 for every point he earns. In Sweden, <mask> participated in the Ride for Hope bicycle race and raised $27,000 for charity. The Flames recognized his charitable efforts by naming him the 2014 recipient of the Ralph T. Scurfield Humanitarian Award. <mask> married his fiancée Frida Engström in Sweden on 11 August 2018. Together, the couple have a daughter and a son.Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Awards and honours

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
Abbotsford Heat players
Calgary Flames draft picks
Calgary Flames players
Expatriate ice hockey players in Canada
Kelowna Rockets players
National Hockey League first round draft picks
Sportspeople from Västerås
Swedish ice hockey centres
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in Canada
VIK

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<mask> (; born ) is an American actress and businesswoman. She is the recipient of various accolades, including an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, and a Primetime Emmy Award. <mask> gained notice for her early work in films such as Seven (1995), Emma (1996), Sliding Doors (1998), and A Perfect Murder (1998). She garnered wider acclaim for her performance as Viola de Lesseps in the romantic historical fiction film Shakespeare in Love (1998) which won her several awards, including the Academy Award for Best Actress. This performance was followed by roles in The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999), The Royal Tenenbaums (2001), Shallow Hal (2001), and Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow (2004). After becoming a mother, <mask> significantly reduced her film workload. She made occasional appearances in films, such as Proof (2005), for which she earned a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama.In 2009, <mask> received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Spoken Word Album for Children for the children's audiobook Brown Bear and Friends. In addition, she won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for her guest role as Holly Holliday on the Fox musical comedy-drama television series Glee in 2011. From 2008 to 2019, <mask> portrayed Pepper Potts in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Beginning in 1995, <mask> has been the face of Estée Lauder's Pleasures perfume; she was previously the face of the American fashion brand Coach. She owns the lifestyle company Goop and has authored several cookbooks. Early life
Gwyneth <mask>

masks:
Gwyneth Kate Paltrow
Paltrow
Paltrow
Paltrow
Paltrow
Paltrow
Kate Paltrow


texts: was born on September 27, 1972, in Los Angeles, to actress Blythe Danner and film producer-director <mask>. She has a younger brother, Jake, who is a director and screenwriter.<mask>'s father was Jewish, while her mother is from a Christian background. She was raised celebrating "both Jewish and Christian holidays." Her brother had a traditional Bar Mitzvah when he turned 13. Her father's Ashkenazi Jewish family emigrated from Belarus and Poland, while her mother has Pennsylvania Dutch (German) as well as some Irish and English ancestry. Paltrow's paternal great-great-grandfather was a Rabbi in Nowogród, Poland, and a descendant of the well-known <mask>icz family of rabbis from Kraków. She is a half-cousin of actress Katherine Moennig, through her mother, and a second cousin of former U.S. Congresswoman Gabby Giffords (AZ-08) through her father. Through Giffords, she is a second-cousin-in-law of U.S.Senator Mark Kelly of Arizona. Her godfather is director Steven Spielberg. Her uncle is opera singer and actor Harry Danner, whose daughter, actress Hillary Danner, is <mask>'s cousin and close friend. <mask> recalls their family gatherings: "Hillary and I always had this in common, and to this day ... cooking for people we love, eating, hanging out as a family. It's how we were raised. It's what we do." Another cousin is Rebekah <mask> Neumann, whose spouse is the Israeli-American millionaire Adam Neumann, founder of WeWork.<mask> was raised in a very wealthy household, and lived in Santa Monica, California, where she attended Crossroads School, before enrolling in the Spence School, an all-girls private school in

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Bruce Paltrow
Paltrow
Paltrow
Paltrow
Paltrow
Paltrow
Paltrow


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 Manhattan. Later, she studied art history at the University of California, Santa Barbara, before dropping out to act. She is an "adopted daughter" of Talavera de la Reina (Spain), where at 15, she spent a year as an exchange student and learned to speak Spanish. She is also conversant in French, as her family frequently traveled to the South of France throughout her childhood. Career

Early work (1989–1995)
Her career beginnings can be credited to her acting family, as her acting debut was in High (1989), a TV film her father directed, and after spending several summers watching her mother perform at the Williamstown Theatre Festival in Massachusetts, Paltrow made her professional stage debut there in 1990. Her film debut followed with the musical romance film Shout (1991), starring John Travolta, and she was cast by her godfather Steven Spielberg in the commercially successful adventure feature Hook (1991) as the young Wendy Darling. <mask>'s next roles were in one episode of the Scottish soap opera Take The High Road (1992) and the made-for-television movies Cruel Doubt (1992) and Deadly Relations (1993).Her first plum feature film role was in the noir drama Flesh and Bone (1993) as the much-younger girlfriend of James Caan. Janet Maslin of The New York Times described <mask> as a scene-stealer "who is Blythe Danner's daughter and has her mother's way of making a camera fall in love with her." In 1995, she starred in the thriller Se7en, as the wife of a young detective (Brad Pitt), who is partnered with the retiring William Somerset (Morgan Freeman) and then tasked with tracking down a serial killer who uses

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 the seven deadly sins as tropes in his murders. The seventh-highest-grossing film of the year, Seven also earned her a nomination for the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress. She appeared in Moonlight and Valentino, as a grieving chain-smoker, and in Jefferson in Paris, portraying Martha Jefferson Randolph. Breakthrough and critical success (1996–2001)
In 1996, Paltrow played the title character in the period film adaptation Emma, based on the 1815 novel of the same name by Jane Austen. Director Douglas McGrath decided to bring in Paltrow to audition for the part of Emma Woodhouse, after a suggestion from his agent and after seeing her performance in Flesh and Bone.On his decision to cast the actress, McGrath revealed: "The thing that actually sold me on her playing a young English girl was that she did a perfect Texas accent. I know that wouldn't recommend her to most people ... I knew she had theater training, so she could carry herself. We had many actresses, big and small, who wanted to play this part. The minute she started the read-through, the very first line, I thought, 'Everything is going to be fine; she's going to be brilliant.'" While she recovered from wisdom-tooth surgery, <mask> had a month to herself to do her own research for the part; she studied horsemanship, dancing, singing, archery and the "highly stylized" manners and dialect during a 3-week rehearsal period. The film was released to critical acclaim and commercial success through arthouse cinemas.Variety proclaimed: "<mask> <mask> shines brightly as Jane Austen's most endearing character, the disastrously self-assured matchmaker Emma

masks: Paltrow Gwyneth Paltrow


texts: Woodhouse. A fine cast, speedy pacing, and playful direction make this a solid contender for the Austen sweepstakes." <mask> starred in the crime film Hard Eight. 1998 marked a turning point in <mask>'s career as she took on leading roles in five high-profile film releases in the yearGreat Expectations, Sliding Doors, Hush, A Perfect Murder and Shakespeare in Love. In the adaptation of the Charles Dickens novel Great Expectations, also starring Ethan Hawke, Robert De Niro, Anne Bancroft and Chris Cooper, she played the unrequited and haughty childhood love of a New York City painter. The British drama Sliding Doors saw her star as a woman whose life could take two central paths depending on whether or not she catches a train, causing different outcomes. Great Expectations and Sliding Doors both grossed over $55 million worldwide.<mask> starred opposite Jessica Lange in the thriller Hush, as an unsuspecting woman living with her psychotic mother-in-law. The film made $13.5 million domestically and was generally panned by critics. In another thriller, A Perfect Murder, inspired by Alfred Hitchcock's 1954 film, Dial M for Murder, <mask> starred alongside Michael Douglas, playing Emily Taylor, who was based on Grace Kelly's character from the original film. Despite a mixed critical response towards A Perfect Murder, the film grossed $128 million globally. She was also considered for the role of Rose DeWitt Bukater in the 1997 film Titanic. Her most critically acclaimed role in the year was that of the fictional lover of William Shakespeare in Shakespeare in Love, opposite Joseph Fiennes in the titular part.

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texts: Entertainment Weekly commented, "Best of all is <mask> <mask>, who, at long last, has a movie to star in that's as radiant as she is."The New York Times summed up her performance as Viola thus: "<mask> <mask>, in her first great, fully realized starring performance, makes a heroine so breathtaking that she seems utterly plausible as the playwright's guiding light." Shakespeare in Love made $289 million in box office receipts, and won <mask> the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role, Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Comedy or Musical, and Academy Award for Best Actress, among other honors. The pink Ralph Lauren dress she wore to the 71st Academy Awards in collecting her Oscar was extremely popular and was credited for bringing pink back into fashion. In 1999, <mask> co-starred alongside Jude Law, Matt Damon and Cate Blanchett in the psychological thriller The Talented Mr. Ripley, as the fiancée of a rich and spoiled millionaire playboy (Law) whose identity is adopted by a con artist (Damon). While The Guardian, noting the "very underwritten" female roles in the story, found her to be "peaky and pallid", the film received positive reviews and grossed $80 million in North America. She showcased her singing ability in 2000s Duets, which was directed by her father and co-starred singer Huey Lewis. In the film, about "the little known world of karaoke competitions and the wayward characters who inhabit it", she portrayed the estranged daughter of a hustler (Lewis).She performed a cover version of Smokey Robinson's "Cruisin', which was released

masks: Gwyneth Paltrow Gwyneth Paltrow Paltrow Paltrow


texts:
 as a single and went to number one in Australia, while her rendition of the Kim Carnes classic "Bette Davis Eyes" reached number three. Also in 2000, Paltrow co-starred with Ben Affleck in the moderately successful romantic drama Bounce as Abby Janello. She starred with Jack Black in the comedy Shallow Hal (2001), about a shallow man falling in love with an overweight woman. To play her role, she had to wear a specially designed 25-pound fatsuit and heavy makeup. Shallow Hal opened with $22.5 million and grossed $70.7 million in North America and $141.1 million around the globe. Roger Ebert remarked that she was "truly touching" in the film, which he described as "often very funny, but ... also surprisingly moving at times." In the Wes Anderson dramedy The Royal Tenenbaums (2001), co-starring Gene Hackman, Anjelica Huston, Ben Stiller and Luke Wilson, Paltrow took on the role of the adopted daughter in an estranged family of former child prodigies reuniting with their father.A positive critical response greeted the film upon its release, and it made $71.4 million worldwide. Career fluctuations (2002–2007)
In 2004, it was noted that since her Oscar win for Shakespeare in Love, <mask>'s film career had been less noteworthy and critical acclaim had waned. She said she was unequipped for the pressure, leading to several bad film choices, agreeing with peers who believe the win is, in some ways, a curse. During this time, <mask> rarely appeared in films, having taken a hiatus to raise her two children. In The Guardian, she said she divided her career into movies for love and films for money: The Royal Tenenbaums,


texts: Proof, and Sylvia fell into the former category, while she signed on to View from the Top and Shallow Hal for the latter. In 2002, <mask> made small appearances in the documentary Searching for Debra Winger and the action satire comedy Austin Powers in Goldmember, while she starred in the thriller-drama Possession with Aaron Eckhart as a couple of literary scholars who unearth the amorous secret of two Victorian poets as they find themselves falling under a deepening connection. The film made a lukewarm $14.8 million worldwide.In the following year, she headlined the romantic comedy View from the Top, where she obtained the part of woman from a small town who sets out to fulfill her dream of becoming a flight attendant. Budgeted at $30 million, the film only earned $7 million in its opening weekend; it eventually grossed $15.6 domestically and $19,526,014 worldwide. She herself later disparaged the film, calling it "terrible". <mask> starred as the titular role in Sylvia (2003), a British biographical drama directed by Christine Jeffs and co-starring Daniel Craig chronicling the romance between prominent poets Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes. Distributed for a limited release in most markets, Sylvia made $2.9 million internationally. The New York Times, in its review for the film, wrote that "her performance goes well beyond mimicry. She has a vivid, passionate presence, even when her lively features have gone slack with depression and her bright blue eyes have glazed over."In 2004, she starred with her The Talented Mr. Ripley co-star Jude Law and Angelina Jolie in the science fiction film Sky Captain and the World


texts: of Tomorrow. Her role in the film was Polly Perkins, the reporter for the fictional New York Chronicle. Law became one of the producers of the film and used his clout to get <mask> involved. Once she had been suggested for the role, Law did not remember "any other name coming up. It just seems that she was perfect. She was as enthusiastic about the script and about the visual references that were sort of put to her, and jumped on board." She said in an interview, "I thought that this is the time to do a movie like this where it's kind of breaking into new territory and it's not your basic formulaic action-adventure movie."While critical response was positive, with a budget of $70 million, Sky Captain only grossed $58 million at the international box office. Also in 2004, she was recognized as an outstanding woman in entertainment by Women in Film Los Angeles with the Crystal Award. In the drama Proof (2005), she starred as the depressed daughter of a brilliant, eccentric mathematician (played by Anthony Hopkins). The film was based on the play of the same name, in which <mask> also played the same character at London's Donmar Warehouse between May and June 2002. On her portrayal in the film version, Eye for Film remarked: "As she has already shown in Sylvia, The Royal Tenenbaums and even Sliding Doors, Paltrow has an uncanny talent for playing women who are coming apart at the seams and her [character] veers from lovably eccentric to more disturbingly unhinged and back again with fluent ease. The scenes, which she and Hopkins share, as two difficult people bound together by affection, dependency, and mutual


texts:
 respect, are entirely believable and all the more touching for it." For her performance, <mask> received her second Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama.Paltrow filmed small roles for the 2006 films Love and Other Disasters, Running with Scissors and Infamous, where she sang Cole Porter's "What Is This Thing Called Love?" Her brother <mask> directed her in his feature debut, the romantic comedy The Good Night (2007), in which she starred opposite Penélope Cruz, Martin Freeman, Danny DeVito and Simon Pegg as the wife of a former keyboard player (Freeman). The film received a two-theater run in North America and garnered mixed reviews from critics. View London felt the actress was "clearly only playing her part as a courtesy to her director brother and it just makes you wish she'd go back to playing lead roles again." Marvel Cinematic Universe and acting hiatus (2008–present)

Paltrow saw a resurgence in her career in 2008, when she was cast in Iron Man as Pepper Potts, Tony Stark's personal assistant, closest friend, and budding love interest. First hesitant to appear in a big-budget project, Paltrow asked Marvel to send her any comics they would consider relevant to her understanding of the character, whom she considered to be very smart, levelheaded, and grounded. She said she liked "the fact that there's a sexuality that's not blatant."The director Jon Favreau wanted Potts and Stark's relationship to be reminiscent of a 1940s screwball comedy, something which <mask> considered to be fun in an "innocent yet sexy" way. Iron Man was favorably received by critics, and with a

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Paltrow
Jake Paltrow
Paltrow


texts: worldwide gross of $585 million, it became <mask>'s highest-grossing film until The Avengers (2012). She reprised her role in the sequels Iron Man 2 (2010) and Iron Man 3 (2013). While the second film grossed $623.9 million internationally, the third entry went on to gross $1.215 billion. She also reprised the role in Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017), Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and Avengers: Endgame (2019). <mask> starred opposite Joaquin Phoenix in the romantic drama Two Lovers (2008), playing the beautiful but volatile new neighbor of a depressed bachelor. Two Lovers premiered in competition at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival in May, receiving largely positive reviews, especially for <mask>'s and Phoenix's performances; Los Angeles Times felt that "Phoenix is at his best with Paltrow's bruised sparrow of a girl; he's desperate to take care of her when he can't even take care of himself.She is one of those actresses who understands the power of a look, and the one of regret and then resignation that overtakes her when Leonard professes his love is steeped in sadness." The film was an arthouse success, grossing $16 million worldwide. In the musical drama Country Strong (2010), she starred as an emotionally unstable country music star who attempts to resurrect her career. She recorded the song "Country Strong" for the film's soundtrack, and it was released to country radio stations in August 2010. The film received mediocre reviews and grossed a modest $20.2 million in North America. The consensus of review-aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes was: "The cast gives it their all, and Paltrow handles her songs with

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texts: aplomb, but Country Strongs clichéd, disjointed screenplay hits too many bum notes." At the 83rd Academy Awards, Paltrow performed another song from the film, "Coming Home," which was nominated for Best Original Song.<mask> made her first scripted television appearance on Fox's Glee, as substitute teacher Holly Holliday, who fills in for Matthew Morrison's character when he falls ill. Her role was developed by co-creator Ryan Murphy, a personal friend of <mask>'s, who suggested that she showcase her vocal and dancing abilities ahead of the release of Country Strong. In her first episode, "The Substitute," she sang "Nowadays" from the musical Chicago with Lea Michele, CeeLo Green's "Forget You", and a mash-up of "Singin' In the Rain" and Rihanna's "Umbrella" with Morrison and the rest of the cast. Her debut on Glee attracted significant buzz and positive commentary from critics; she won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series. Indeed, at the time, Entertainment Weekly Tim Stack and E! Onlines Kristin dos Santos called her appearance Emmy-worthy, with the former rating it among her best performances, and the latter stating that Holly received "some of Glee best-ever one-liners." She later performed "Forget You" with CeeLo Green himself and several puppet characters provided by The Jim Henson Company at the 2011 Grammy Awards.She reprised her role twice more that season, performing "Do You Wanna Touch Me (Oh Yeah)" by Gary Glitter, an acoustic version of "Landslide" by Fleetwood Mac, "Kiss" by Prince, and Adele's "Turning Tables." <mask> was briefly featured in Glee: The 3D Concert


texts: Movie after being filmed while she performed "Forget You" as Holly in the 2011 Glee Live! In Concert! tour performances of June 16 and 17, 2011. Later that year, <mask> appeared in Steven Soderbergh's film Contagion, featuring an ensemble cast consisting of Marion Cotillard, Kate Winslet and her The Talented Mr. Ripley co-stars Matt Damon and Jude Law. The thriller follows the rapid progress of a lethal indirect contact transmission virus that kills within days. <mask> played Elizabeth Emhoff, a "working mom" and one of the virus' first victims.Contagion received positive reviews and opened atop at the North American box office with $23.1 million; it went on to gross $75.6 million domestically and $135.4 million worldwide. She reprised her role of Pepper Potts in The Avengers (2012), which set numerous box office records, including the biggest opening weekend in North America; it grossed over $1.5 billion worldwide, becoming <mask>'s most widely seen film. Also in 2012, she starred in the independent romantic dramedy Thanks for Sharing, opposite Mark Ruffalo as people learning to face a challenging and confusing road as they struggle together against sex addiction. Distributed for a limited release in certain parts of the United States, the film garnered mixed reviews and grossed $1 million domestically. Paste magazine noted that her role "exhibits some of the same obsessive diet and exercise habits that <mask> herself has been accused ofa kind of meta character trait that balances the power in [the main roles'] budding relationship." In April 2013, <mask> was named People magazine's annual "Most Beautiful

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texts:
 Woman." In 2014, she had a two-episode arc in the improvised online series Web Therapy, as Maya Ganesh, "a new-age caricature."In 2015, she starred in Mortdecai, alongside Johnny Depp, Olivia Munn, and Paul Bettany. In it, she portrayed the wife of an unscrupulous art dealer and swindler (Depp). Budgeted at $60 million, the film only grossed $7.7 million in North America and $47.3 million internationally. <mask> was featured on the track "Everglow", which was included in Coldplay's seventh studio album A Head Full of Dreams (2015). In June 2017, <mask> announced that she would take a break from acting to focus on her business Goop, stating: "I'm still going to do a little bit here and there, but [the company] really requires almost all of my time." In 2019, <mask> reprised her role as Pepper Potts in Avengers: Endgame. That same year, she played a supporting role in the Netflix comedy-drama series The Politician, playing the mother of Ben Platt's character.In October 2021, Netflix released Sex, Love, and Goop, a sex therapy-themed series produced by and starring <mask>. Other ventures

Philanthropy and politics
<mask> is a Save the Children artist ambassador, raising awareness about World Pneumonia Day. She is on the board of the Robin Hood Foundation, a charitable organization that works to alleviate poverty in New York City. In October 2014, she hosted a Democratic fundraiser attended by President Barack Obama at her private residence in Los Angeles. In May 2019, <mask> and actor Bradley Whitford hosted a fundraiser for Democratic presidential candidate Mayor Pete Buttigieg. In April 2020, <mask>, along with

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 other celebrities, discussed the COVID-19 pandemic with Dr. Anthony Fauci on a one-hour-long zoom call. Fauci hoped the celebrities would use their social media "megaphones" to encourage proper precautions among their followers.Audiobooks
In 2009, <mask> narrated the audiobook The Brown Bear & Friends by Bill Martin Jr., the first of a series of children's audiobooks that she narrated. The Brown Bear & Friends audiobook earned <mask> a Grammy Award nomination for Best Spoken Word Album for Children. Since, she has also narrated Bill Martin's Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See?, Baby Bear, Baby Bear, What Do You See?, Panda Bear, Panda Bear, What Do You See?, and Polar Bear, Polar Bear, What Do You Hear?. Fashion

In May 2005, Paltrow became the face of Estée Lauder's Pleasures perfume. She appeared in Chicago on August 17, 2007, to sign bottles of the perfume, and on July 8, 2008, she promoted Lauder's Sensuous perfume in New York with the company's three other models. Estée Lauder donates a minimum of $500,000 of sales of items from the 'Pleasures Gwyneth Paltrow' collection to breast cancer research. In 2006, she became the face for Bean Pole International, a Korean fashion brand and in 2014, she partnered with Blo Blow Bar, teaming up with the brand's creative branch.Goop

In September 2008, <mask> launched the weekly lifestyle newsletter Goop, encouraging readers to 'nourish the inner aspect'. Goop has expanded into a web-based company, Goop.com. According to <mask>, the company's name came from someone telling her that successful internet companies have double O's in their name, and "is a nickname, like


texts: my name is G.P., so that is really where it came from. And I wanted it to be a word that means nothing and could mean anything." Goop has expanded into e-commerce, collaborating with fashion brands, launching pop-up shops, launching a wellness summit, a print magazine, a podcast, and a documentary series streamed on Netflix. Goop, and by extension Paltrow, have faced backlash for showcasing expensive products and promoting medically and scientifically impossible treatments, many of which have harmful consequences. The controversies have included vaginal steaming, the use of jade eggs, a dangerous coffee enema device, and "Body Vibes", wearable stickers that were claimed to "rebalance the energy frequency in our bodies" and which Goop falsely claimed were made of a NASA-developed material.Goop settled a lawsuit regarding the health claims it made over the jade eggs. Jill Avery, a brand analyst, has noted how Goop's response to criticism seems designed to "strengthen their brand and draw their customers closer", noting Goop's references to feminism, traditional Asian medicines and Eastern philosophies, and anti-establishment politics to do so. On January 24, 2020, Netflix released The Goop Lab, a documentary series. The 6-part show promotes Goop, and covers pseudoscientific topics in energy healing, the use of psychedelic drugs, cold therapy, anti-aging, mediumship, and female sexuality. Critics argued that granting Goop access to Netflix's platform was a "win for pseudoscience". Upon release of the first trailer, and again after the full six-episode series was available, the series sparked controversy concerning