texts: and which aired on ABC-TV in August 2013. The series was created and written by Hope and Robyn Butler of Gristmill Productions who also created The Librarians and Very Small Business.<mask> later directed episodes of the second series of the show in 2014. In 2013, <mask> announced via Twitter that he was in the UK working as a co-writer on Ross Noble's new comedy-travelogue program Freewheeling which aired on the UK comedy channel Dave. Back home, <mask> made a return to live comedy with his show The Yeti opening at the Melbourne Fringe Festival in September 2013. In 2015, <mask> performed at the Melbourne Fringe with his show The Arse/Elbow Equation which he later performed at Brisbane Arts Theatre in early 2016. <mask> and writer & editor Sarina Rowell, in 2014, began writing a new sitcom Childproof about a young couple who decide not to have children. But after three years of pitching the idea, <mask> and Rowell were unable to sell the project to any of the TV networks. Instead in September 2017, <mask> and comedian Geraldine Quinn recorded the scripts as a live podcast at the Melbourne Fringe Festival and was later downloadable for free.In May 2016, <mask> joined the Breakfast show on Nova 100, initially as a temporary replacement for regular co-host Sam Pang, but he currently appears weekly as a guest co-host. Since 2017, <mask> has also appeared as a regular co-host on Ed Kavalee's T.E.A.M Effort podcast. and has been a guest vocalist for Damian Cowell's Disco Machine, appearing on both the latter's self-titled 2015 album and

masks: Martin Martin Martin Martin Martin Martin Martin Martin Martin


type: original

texts:
 their 2017 album Get Yer Dag On. <mask>'s first novel Deadly Kerfuffle was published by Affirm Press in October 2017. In May 2018, <mask> & producer Matt Dower began releasing a new fortnightly comedy podcast Sizzletown which by mid-August had achieved over 160,000 downloads. Movies
<mask> played the part of "intrigued school child" in the 1977 movie Sleeping Dogs. <mask> wrote, produced and directed the 2003 comedy movie Bad Eggs (in which he also made a cameo appearance as a game show host), and wrote and directed the unreleased 2007 mockumentary BoyTown Confidential.He has also played minor roles in several films (mostly those of former Late Show colleagues), including The Castle (1997), Tackle Happy (2000), Crackerjack (2002) and  BoyTown (2006). More recently, he has had roles in two films made by his former Get This co-host Ed Kavalee:  Scumbus (2012) and Border Protection Squad (2012). Books
<mask>'s first book, Lolly Scramble, a collection of humorous autobiographical essays, was published in 2005. <mask>'s second book, A Nest of Occasionals, was released in October 2009. The latter book, re-printed in a second edition in April 2011, was voted as the best work of Australian comedy in any medium in 2009 by the comedy review website Australian Tumbleweeds
A third book was released online in 2012, downloadable as an ebook on tonymartinthings.com, called Scarcely Relevant, a collection of <mask>'s columns from the now closed Scriveners Fancy website. Deadly Kerfuffle, <mask>'s first novel, was published in 2017. Deadly Kerfuffle was

masks: Martin Martin Martin Martin Martin Martin Martin Martin


texts:
 shortlisted for the 2019 Russell Prize.Personal life
<mask> grew up in the small New Zealand towns of Te Kuiti and Thames. For two years as a child, he lived on a boat for five months of the year as his father was a part-time amateur marlin fisherman. Since there was no TV, he would listen to radio programs like The Goon Show and try to copy the voices. <mask> married Annie Maver, a floor manager on The Panel and RocKwiz, who has worked as an assistant director in Australian movies and television productions. He met her when she was a floor manager on The D-Generation. They are now divorced. In his spare time, <mask> is currently on a venture to walk every street in Melbourne which he embarked upon in 2009.Nine News aired a story on his project in August 2017. Filmography

Podcasts
 Tribute to Richard Marsland (Triple M Network) December 2008
 Summer Lovin' (Nova) 2010 – 2012
 I Love Green-Guide Letters (episodes 21 & 65) (iTunes & www.ilovegreenguideletters.com) April 2012 & March 2013
 The Little Dum Dum Club (episodes 131, 158 & 233) (www.dumdumclub.libsyn.com) March 2013, October 2013 & March 2015
 Dumbed down atheist (episode 36d) ( http://www.spreaker.com/user/4582839/dumbed_down_atheist_36d_melb_comedy_fest  & iTunes )
 Can You Take This Photo Please? (with Justin Hamilton)
 T.E.A.M Effort (Triple M Network) 2016- 2017. (iTunes)
 Chat10Looks3 (October 2017)- (www.chat10looks3.com)
 Childproof (2017)- (co-written with Sarina Rowell)
 SizzleTown (2018-2021)

Discography

Albums

Awards

ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is

masks: Martin Martin Martin


texts:
 an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music. <mask> has been part of four winning ensembles, all in the category of ARIA Award for Best Comedy Release. |-
|colspan=4|as part of The D-Generation
|-
|  1990
| The Satanic Sketches
| rowspan="2"| ARIA Award for Best Comedy Release
|
|-
|  1991
| The Breakfast Tapes (1988-90)
|
|-
|colspan=4|as part of <mask>lloy
|-
|  1996
| The Brown Album
| rowspan="3"| ARIA Award for Best Comedy Release
|
|-
|  1997
| Poop Chute
|
|-
|  1999
| Eat Your Peas
|
|-

Books
 Lolly Scramble (Pan Macmillan 2005)
 A Nest of Occasionals (Picador 2009)
 Scarcely Relevant (ebook 2012)
 Deadly Kerfuffle (Affirm Press 2017)

References

External links

 <mask> Martin at Pan Macmillan
 Champagne Comedy: The Late Show fan site and forum. Tony Martin interview at Shaun Micallef's Online World Around Him
 Tony <mask>'s ebooks.1964 births
Australian male film actors
Australian stand-up comedians
Living people
Logie Award winners
ARIA Award winners
New Zealand emigrants to Australia
People educated at Hamilton Boys' High School
People from Te Kuiti
Triple M

masks:
Martin
Martin Mo
Tony
Martin


texts:
<mask>. Bergo (born March 27, 1981, in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian mixed martial artist. He is a member of the Brazilian Top Team, and is currently a full-time instructor at Brazilian Top Team-Jacksonville in Jacksonville, Florida. Biography

<mask> was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on March 27, 1981, to Silvia Helena Mousinho, of Portuguese ancestry and <mask>, of Italian ancestry. At the age of 8, <mask> learned Brazilian Jiu Jitsu from Coach Juarez Soares, a methodological specialist in training children. In 2004, <mask> received his black belt at the age of 24 from Brazilian Top Team founders and head coach Murilo Bustamante and Mario Sperry who received their black belts from the legendary Carlson Gracie. After conquering various national and international titles in Brazilian Jiu Jitsu, and over 300 submission grappling and wrestling matches to his credit, <mask> made the decision to undertake and compete in MMA. His professional MMA record currently stands at 8 wins and only 1 loss, and avenged that loss in a rematch.For fun and entertainment he surfs with friends; enjoys playing chess with members of his family, and reading political science articles and books in his spare time. Mixed martial arts career
In his second to last fight he avenged his only professional loss after defeating Alex Cook at the IFL World Grand Prix Finals. The fight went all 3, 4 minute rounds ending in a Unanimous Decision in favor of <mask>. <mask> dominated the entire fight with relentless takedowns and GnP, but was unable to finish. <mask> has dedicated himself to

masks:
Marcello Salazar M
Marcello Salazar Bergo
Victor Salazar Bergo
Marcello
Marcello Salazar
Marcello
Salazar
Marcello
Marcello


texts:
 and represented the Brazilian Top Team with major international success. <mask> has won the Brazilian and Rio de Janeiro State Championships of Jiu Jitsu, the European Submission Wrestling Championship, and—three times—the Brazilian Circuit Championship of Submission Wrestling. He represented Brazil on their Olympic Free Style and Greco Roman Wrestling Teams.Three times he was the Brazilian National Champion of Greco Roman Wrestling; four times the Free Style Wrestling Champion. And in the US, he has won the American Nationals NO-GI in 2008, and took 3rd in the [BJJ World Championships] in 2008. He was undefeated in MMA as an Amateur, and, as a Professional Fighter, he has lost only once— and avenged that loss in a rematch. He has also competed in an 8-man tournament where he finished all three of his fights by submission in the first round to win the tournament. The event was held on September 23, 2006, in Foz do Iguacu, Brazil, under the International Challenge Championship (ICC) banner. Sport accomplishments
(<mask> often competes at 82 & 88 kg)

BJJ and Grappling

ADCC PRO North American BJJ Championship Gi 2009 (ADCC) - First Place
World Grappling Championship Gi 2008 (FILA) - First Place
World Grappling Championship No Gi 2008 (FILA) - Second Place
World BJJ Championship No Gi 2008 (IBJJF) - Third Place
Pan American BJJ Championship No Gi 2008 (IBJJF) - Third Place
American BJJ Championship No Gi 2008 (USBJJF) - First Place
North American Grappling Championship No Gi 2008 (NAGA) - First Place
European Grappling Championship No Gi 2006 (FFG) -

masks: Marcello Marcello


texts:
 First Place
Brazilian Grappling Circuit No Gi 2004 / 2005 (SETE/RJ) - First Place
Abu Dhabi Trials No Gi 2004 (ADCC) - First Place
BJJ Championship Gi 1999 (CBJJ) - Third Place
RJ State BJJ Championship Gi 1999 (FJJ/RJ) - First Place
BJJ Championship Gi 1998 (CBJJ) - First Place

1. ADCC (Abu Dhabi Combat Club)
2.FILA (Fédération Internationale des Luttes Associées)
3. IBJJF (International Brazilian Jiu Jitsu Federation)
4. USBJJF (United States Brazilian Jiu Jitsu Federation)
5. NAGA (North American Grappling Associations)
6. FFG (Fédération Françoise de Grappling)
7. SETE/RJ (Secretaria Estadual de Turismo e Esporte do Rio de Janeiro)
8. CBJJ (Confederação Brasileira de Jiu Jitsu)
9.FJJ/RJ (Federação de Jiu Jitsu do Rio de Janeiro)

Wrestling

RJ State Freestyle Championship 2004 / 2005 / 2006 (LWERJ) - First Place
RJ State Greco Roman Championship 2004 / 2005 / 2006 (LWERJ) - First Place
Greco Roman Olympic Circuit 2003 (COB) - First Place
Freestyle Olympic Circuit 2003 (COB) - First Place
Brazilian Greco Roman Championship 2003 (CBLA) - First Place
Brazilian Freestyle Championship 2002 / 2003 (CBLA) - First Place
Brazilian Freestyle Jr Championship 2001 (CBLA) - First Place
RJ Greco Roman Championship 2001 (FLOAERJ) - First Place
RJ Freestyle Championship 2001 (FLOAERJ) - First Place

1. LWERJ (Liga de Wrestling do Estado do Rio de Janeiro)
2. COB (Comitê Olímpico Brasileiro)
3. CBLA (Confederação Brasileira de lutas Associadas)
4. FLOAERJ (Federação de Lutas Olímpicas e Associadas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro)

MMA (Mixed Martial Arts)

World Grand


texts:
 Prix Finals 2007 (IFL) - Winner
Shoot Revolution 2007 - Winner
Eight Men Grand Prix 2006 (ICC) - Winner Three Times
Staredown City 2006 - Winner
Conquista Fight 2003 - Winner

1. IFL (International Fight League)
2. In 2008, his daughter, Katarina Gruenzner Bergo, was born in Portland, Oregon (USA).In 2011 his son Olav Gruenzner Bergo was born in San Antonio, Texas (USA).In 2019, his daughter Helena Kay Bergo, was born in Jacksonville, Florida (USA). In 2007, <mask> <mask> earned a bachelor's degree in History from UGF University, Rio de Janeiro. He is currently the head instructor at Brazilian Top Team Jacksonville and is a police officer/SWAT officer for the Jacksonville Sherriff's Office. References

External links

 http://www.btt-texas.com/instructors.html

1981 births
Living people
Brazilian male mixed martial artists
Middleweight mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing Brazilian jiu-jitsu
Brazilian practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsu
People awarded a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu
Sportspeople from Rio de Janeiro (city)
Brazilian people of Portuguese descent
Brazilian people of Italian descent
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in the United

masks: Marcello Salazar


texts:
<mask> (March 21, 1741June 1, 1790), also known as <mask>, Jr., was an American slave owner, planter, physician, soldier, and politician from Prince George County, Virginia. He became a major figure in the formation of the new United States government, representing Virginia in both the Continental Congress and the United States House of Representatives (until his death in office), as well as serving multiple terms in the Virginia House of Delegates representing Prince George County, which he also represented in the Virginia Ratification Convention. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Prince George County in 1741 to a prominent planter family in colonial Virginia. His parents were <mask> of Cawsons and Frances Elizabeth (Bolling) Bland. His mother was the only child and heir of Captain Drury Bolling and Elizabeth Meriweather of "Kippax," which plantation the younger <mask> subsequently inherited and operated. His ancestors had settled in Virginia years earlier, became civic leaders (hence sometimes referred to as the First Families of Virginia) and prospered by operating plantations using enslaved labor. Like his father (who served in the initial Virginia Senate during the American Revolutionary War representing Prince George County and nearly Isle of Wight and Surry Counties, he was named after <mask> of Westover, who had served as Speaker of the House of Burgesses in 1660 and also represented Charles City County then new Henrico County) from 1661 until his death, probably in 1672.His grandfather, <mask>, had married Elizabeth Randolph, daughter of William Randolph of Turkey Island. His uncle, <mask>, his father's first cousin Peyton Randolph, and his second cousin Thomas Jefferson would precede him in being elected to state legislative posts as well as Congress. At age 11, after being tutored at home as was customary for his class, he was sent to Great Britain for his education, accompanied by an enslaved boy, Tom, as his body servant. <mask> studied first in Yorkshire. Next he went to Scotland to study medicine at the University of Edinburgh, graduating as a doctor in 1763.

masks:
Theodorick Bland
Theodorick Bland
Bland
Theodorick Bland
Theodorick
Theodorick Bland
Richard Bland
Richard Bland
Bland


texts:
 Early career and marriage
<mask> then returned to Virginia and began a medical practice, as well as followed family traditions of political involvement and farming using enslaved labor. He married Martha Daingerfield in 1768 and they likely settled at Kippax about that time.(His parents had moved to Cawsons.) Thus <mask> became a planter and major slaveholder. <mask> retired from medical practice in the late 1760s, "in favor of farming and politics". He became active in politics before the war, serving as the Clerk of Prince George County. Revolutionary War
As the Revolution neared, <mask>'s Whig views aligned him with the rebels. He or his father published letters criticising Lord Dunmore in the Virginia Gazette under the pseudonym "Cassius", and in 1775 joined the local "Committee of Intelligence" as well as helped locate arms and munitions for the patriot cause. In June 1776, <mask> accepted a commission as captain in Virginia's cavalry.He rose quickly to Colonel and commanded the 1st Continental Light Dragoons, often cited as "<mask>'s Virginia Horse" in Revolutionary dispatches and correspondence. (see The Bland Papers and correspondence between him and George Washington). In the latter capacity <mask> reported directly to General Washington. He would retire in 1779 from active cavalry service due to poor health, which he had suffered from his youth. <mask>'s observations at Brandywine supplied General Washington with the correct location of Lord Cornwallis's and Howe's main armies; <mask> wrote two separate dispatches, and Col. James Ross of the 8th Pennsylvania wrote another dispatch reporting on British troop movements. Both men's dispatches supported that of Col. Hazen. However their dispatches were initially misinterpreted, until it was almost too late.Without the accurate contributions of <mask>, Ross, and Hazen, a worse result might have befallen Washington's army at Brandywine. Some later accounts have <mask>'s Virginia Horse subsequently assigned to scouting duty. In his 1922 biography of John Randolph, the historian William Cabell Bruce suggested that the Brandywine

masks: Bland Bland Bland Bland Bland Bland Bland Bland Bland Bland Bland


texts:
 incident encouraged Washington to use his cavalries more for scouting rather than sitting in formation on the front lines, as they had at Brandywine. However, the lack of scouting had led to the Brandywine errors. At Gen. Washington's request, when <mask> returned to Virginia to recuperate in 1779, he also served as Warden at Charlottesville over British officers taken prisoner. He also worked to keep Washington's officers and cavalry supplied with quality horses both from his own stables and from others. As a participant in the early American horse-racing community, Bland owned a large stable and had access to other horses through relatives and friends.<mask> had earlier retired from his active medical practice for the same health issues in the late 1760s, nearly a decade before the war had begun, and finally was allowed to retire from the military for health reasons in late 1779. He did, however, in 1785, accept a commission from Gov. Patrick Henry as the Prince George County Lieutenant, with military responsibilities. Politician and planter
<mask>'s political career had begun before the Revolution, when he served as the Clerk of Prince George County, and had a great deal of contact with the House of Burgesses. As a planter like his father, and grandfather, he cultivated tobacco, indigo and wheat. Following the war, <mask> continued as the county's Clerk, which caused him to communicate with the Virginia General Assembly, in which his father served in the Virginia Senate and <mask> served in the Virginia House of Delegates. In 1780, the General Assembly named <mask> as one of Virginia's delegates to the Continental Congress, where he served until 1783 and thus helped form the new United States government.After his father moved to Amelia County, <mask> took over Cawsons (apparently about 1783-1784 after his return to Virginia from the Continental Congress and his father's death.) <mask> then operated Kippax as an out-plantation. In 1786, <mask> wa elected to the Virginia House, where he served until 1788. In 1788, Prince George voters elected <mask> and Ruffin as their delegate to

masks:
Bland
Bland
Bland
Bland
Edmund Bland
Bland
Bland
Bland
Bland
Bland


texts:
 the Virginia Convention called to ratify the United States Constitution. <mask> voted against ratification, as he believed it yielded too much power to a central government. After the constitution was adopted, Virginia legislators elected to <mask> the First United States Congress (he ran unopposed). He served in the House of Representatives from March 4, 1789, until his death in 1790 at the age of 49.He died while attending the Congress in New York City, and William B. Giles of Amelia County was selected as his successor. <mask> was the first member of House of Representatives to die in office. William Branch Giles completed his term. Death and legacy

<mask> was originally buried in New York's Trinity Churchyard in Lower Manhattan. (Trinity Church was designated in the late 20th century as a National Historic Landmark). In 1828, his remains were moved and reinterred in the Congressional Cemetery in Washington, D.C.

His wife Martha Bland survived him and married two more times. She was an independent woman, maintaining the Bland holdings by executing marriage contracts to control her own lands.<mask> bequeathed 2 acres of land on Blandford Hill next to the church to create a school to educate youth, but insisted that it be established within 15 years of his death, which bequest lapsed because no school was constructed. Although the buildings of Kippax Plantation are long gone, and the town of Hopewell grew on the site, it has recently been purchased by the Archeological Conservancey, and archeological excavations are ongoing. See also
List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)

References

External links

1741 births
1790 deaths
People from Prince George County, Virginia
American people of English descent
American slave owners
Continental Army officers from Virginia
Continental Congressmen from Virginia
18th-century American politicians
Delegates to the Virginia Ratifying Convention
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Virginia
Burials at the Congressional Cemetery
Theodorick
18th-century American physicians
Physicians from

masks: Bland Bland Bland Bland Bland


texts:
<mask> (born 3 August 1972), known professionally as <mask>, is an Australian/American singer-songwriter, poet, and writer of creative non-fiction from Fremantle, Western Australia. Through fronting the Perth-based ensemble Flavour of the Month, she was a forerunner in the emergence of alternative country music within Australia and was the winner of the 2018 Bruce Dawe National Poetry Prize. Music
<mask>'s emergence upon the Western Australian music scene came via fronting the alternative pop band Bloom. In 1997 Bloom won the Western Australian Music Industry Award for Most Promising New Act. Following the demise of Bloom, D-Napoleon, along with Month of Sunday's guitarist Grant Ferstat, formed an alternative country ensemble Flavour of the Month. The band's name was taken from the title of a song by The Posies from their album Frosting on the Beater. Flavour of the Month subsequently supported Ken Stringfellow of The Posies on one of his first solo tours of Australia.The band toured nationally in Australia as well undertaking tours of the United States and Europe. During this period D-Napoleon also contributed backing vocals to several independent recordings including Road to Rome by DM3, which was one of the first solo albums by Dom Mariani after the hibernation of The Stems, and former Stonemason's frontman, Joe Algeri's, solo debut Everything Under The Sun, along with singing with alternative-country band, The Jayco Brothers, on their release Asbestos Fibro. After the demise of Flavour in the Month in 2005, D-Napoleon started performing solo and in November 2007 released her debut solo recording, a five-track EP titled "After The Flood". In 2009, D-Napoleon

masks:
Natalie Damjanovich Napoleon
Natalie D Napoleon
Natalie D Napoleon


texts: undertook two further solo recording. In April 2009 she collaborated with Santa Barbara-based musician and producer Jesse Rhodes on a six-track EP of cover versions. Titled Here in California the release features three songs from Australian composers and three songs from Americans. The recording features the collective talents of D-Napoleon, Rhodes, Kenny Edwards, Dan Phillips, Phil Parlapiano, and Sally Barr.In May 2009, D-Napoleon started work on her debut solo album. Partly funded by a Western Australia Department of Culture and the Arts Music Production Grant, the album was recorded at Sound Design Studios in Santa Barbara and produced by David Piltch. The recording features the collective talents of Kenny Edwards, Dan Phillips, Aaron Sterling, Greg Leisz, Victoria Williams, Phil Parlapiano, Jesse Rhodes, and Melanie Robinson. Prior to returning permanently to Australia in 2019, D-Napoleon recorded a new album of material titled You Wanted To Be The Shore But Instead You Were The Sea. Produced by James Connolly and featuring Dan Phillips and Doug Pettibone, the album was recorded with a single microphone in a historic chapel nestled in the hills behind Santa Barbara. You Wanted To Be The Shore But Instead You Were The Sea was released in Australia on October 1, 2020 and debuted on the Australian Independent Record Labels Association (AIR) 100% Independent Chart at No. 5 for the week beginning October 6 and reached No.1 on November 16. In the live arena, D-Napoleon has performed in a number of different solo configurations. She formed a Santa Barbara-based trio with Dan Phillips on piano and percussion and Kenny Edwards on electric guitar and mandolin in 2007,


texts:
 pairing back to duo with Phillips after Edwards' passing in 2010. In 2014 D-Napoleon expanded the ensemble to a four-piece with the addition of James Connolly on bass and David Cowan on guitar with Doug Pettibone taking over on electric guitar and mandolin in 2019. In Australia D-Napoleon originally performed as a trio with Richard Lane on guitar and Cathi Olivieri on viola and recruited established bands, such as The Justin Walshe Folk Machine, to back her on tour. Since returning to Australia in 2019 D-Napoleon has performed as a trio with Olivieri on viola and piano and Michael Lane on banjo and mandolin, a quartet with the addition on Ben Franz on upright bass and pedal steel, and a full band with Dave Brewer on electric guitar and Andy Pearson on drums and percussion. Writing and poetry
Having had poetry and creative non-fiction work published in journals such as Westerly, Meanjin, Southerly, and Australian Poetry Journal, D-Napoleon was a finalist for the Penelope Niven Creative Nonfiction Award in the 2018 and 2017 International Literary Awards through the Salem College Center for Women Writers.In 2018 D-Napoleon was awarded the Bruce Dawe National Poetry Prize for her poem "First Blood: A Sestina" and in 2019 her most recent book, First Blood, was released through Ginninderra Press. The book includes a collection of poems-as-memoir that challenge the preconceptions of girlhood. In 2019 D-Napoleon was the International Guest Poet at the 2019 Perth Poetry Festival and won the 2019 Katharine Susannah Prichard Poetry Award for her poem, "If There is a Butterfly That Drinks Tears." Personal life

Resides in Santa Barbara, California and Fremantle, Western


texts: <mask> (; ; May 21, 1923 – August 2, 2017) was an American football player and coach who guided the University of Notre Dame to national championships in 1966 and 1973. He is noted for bringing Notre Dame's Fighting Irish football program back from years of futility into national prominence in 1964 and is widely regarded alongside Knute Rockne and Frank Leahy as a part of the "Holy Trinity" of Notre Dame head coaches. <mask> grew up in Akron, Ohio and played football beginning in his junior year of high school. He enrolled at the University of Akron, but soon quit to join the U.S. Navy for two years during World War II. After the war, he finished his college career at Miami University in Ohio and went on to play halfback for the Cleveland Browns of the All-America Football Conference in 1948 and 1949. Cleveland won the league championship both of those years. <mask>'s playing career was cut short by a hip injury.He left the Browns and took a job as an assistant coach at Miami of Ohio. When head coach Woody Hayes left in 1951 to coach at Ohio State University, Parseghian took over his job. He stayed in that position until 1956, when he was hired as head coach at Northwestern University in Illinois. In eight seasons there, he amassed a win-loss-tie record of 36–35–1 and helped turn a perennial loser into a consistent contender in the national polls. <mask>'s success attracted the interest of Notre Dame, which had not posted a winning record in five straight seasons. He was hired as coach in 1964 and quickly turned the program around, coming close to capturing a national championship in his first year. He proceeded to win two national titles in 11 seasons as coach of the Fighting Irish, a period often referred to as "the Era of Ara".During that span, <mask>'s teams placed in the top ten of the final AP poll nine times and never finished lower than 14th. He never had a losing season at Notre Dame and posted an overall record of 95–17–4, giving him the fourth-most wins of any coach in

masks:
Ara Raoul Parseghian
Parseghian
Parseghian
Parseghian
Parseghian


texts:
 school history after Rockne (105), Brian Kelly (101) and Lou Holtz (100). Parseghian's .836 winning percentage while at Notre Dame ranks behind only Rockne's .881 and Leahy's .855, leading to his inclusion in the "Holy Trinity" of Fighting Irish coaches. <mask> retired from coaching in 1974 and began a broadcasting career calling college football games for ABC and CBS. He also dedicated himself to medical causes later in life after his daughter was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis and three of his grandchildren died of a rare genetic disease. <mask> was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1980. His career coaching record is 170–58–6.Early life and high school
Parseghian was the youngest of three children born to an Armenian father and a French mother in Akron, Ohio. His father Michael had come to the United States from the Ottoman Empire in 1915, fleeing the Armenian genocide during World War I and settling in Akron where there was a large Armenian population. Despite his mother's protectiveness, Parseghian became involved in sports from an early age and developed a reputation as the toughest kid in his class. He was hired by Akron's Board of Education in the eighth grade to patrol his school's grounds at night to deter vandals. Parseghian played basketball at the local YMCA but did not play organized football until his junior year at South High School in Akron because his mother would not allow him to participate in contact sports. He joined his high school team, coached by Frank "Doc" Wargo, initially without his parents' permission. College and professional career
After graduating in 1942, Parseghian enrolled at the University of Akron.American involvement in World War II began after the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, however, and he quit school to join the U.S. Navy. The Navy transferred him for training to Naval Station Great Lakes near Chicago, where Paul Brown was coaching a service football team. Brown was a well-known high school coach in Ohio,

masks: Parseghian Parseghian


texts: having led his Massillon Washington High School teams to a series of state championships. Parseghian was named the team's starting fullback before the 1944 season, but he was sidelined with an ankle injury and did not play in any games as Great Lakes amassed a 9–2–1 record and was ranked 17th in the nation in the AP Poll. Parseghian later said that despite not playing, watching Brown's methodical and strict coaching methods – and the ease with which he commanded players much larger than he was – was a "priceless" experience. After his military service, Parseghian enrolled at Miami of Ohio and played halfback on the school's football team in 1946 and 1947 under coach Sid Gillman. As with Brown, Parseghian paid close attention to Gillman, a post-war football pioneer who helped popularize deep downfield passes as the T formation came into vogue.He was named an All-Ohio halfback and a Little All-American by sportswriters in 1947. Parseghian was selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League in the 13th round of the 1947 draft. He was also selected by the Cleveland Browns of the rival All-America Football Conference (AAFC), a team coached by Paul Brown, his old Great Lakes coach. Parseghian left Miami with six semester credit hours remaining and signed with the Browns. Parseghian played halfback and defensive back for the Browns starting in 1948. While he only started one game that season, he was part of a potent offensive backfield that featured quarterback Otto Graham and fullback Marion Motley. The Browns won all of their games and a third straight AAFC championship in 1948.<mask> suffered a serious injury to his hip in the second game of the 1949 season against the Baltimore Colts, however, ending his playing career. He stayed with the Browns for the rest of the season, and the team went on to win another AAFC championship. With the Browns, he had 44 carries for 166 yards, three receptions for 33 yards, scored two touchdowns, and intercepted one pass. Coaching


texts:
 career

Miami (Ohio)
<mask>'s injury and the end of his professional playing career were a source of frustration, but he soon got the chance to move into the coaching ranks. Woody Hayes, the head coach at Miami of Ohio, contacted him about a job as coach of the freshman team. He was recommended for the position by athletic director John Brickels, who had been an assistant coach with the Browns in 1948. Parseghian led the freshmen to a 4–0 record in the 1950 season and was chosen the following year as Hayes's successor when Hayes departed to become head coach at Ohio State University.<mask>'s teams at Miami consistently did well in the Mid-American Conference, posting a 7–3 record in 1951 and improving to 8–1 the following year. Miami's Redskins (now known as RedHawks) were conference champions in 1954 and in 1955, when they went undefeated. Parseghian's success, which included two wins over larger Big Ten Conference schools, raised his profile nationally as a head coaching prospect. In late 1955, he was hired to coach at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, one of the Big Ten schools Miami had beaten. Parseghian compiled a 39–6–1 record in five seasons at Miami. Northwestern
Northwestern's football program was in transition when Parseghian arrived in 1956 to take over the coaching reins. Bob Voigts had quit as head coach in February 1955, leaving his assistant Lou Saban to guide the team.Under Saban, a former Browns teammate of <mask>'s, Northwestern finished at 0–8–1, the worst-ever record in its history at the time. Ted Payseur, the school's athletic director, resigned after the season under pressure from alumni and was replaced by Stu Holcomb. One of Holcomb's first moves was to fire Saban and replace him with Parseghian. <mask> was the 20th head coach of the Northwestern Wildcats football team and was the youngest coach in the Big Ten when he took the job at 32 years old. His Northwestern career began in 1956 with just one win in his first six games. The Wildcats put

masks: Parseghian Parseghian Parseghian Parseghian


texts: together three wins at the end of the season, however, and finished with a 4–4–1 record. Northwestern proceeded to lose all nine of its games in the 1957 season.Bo Schembechler—a member of the 1957 Northwestern staff and teammate of Parshegian's at Miami—called Parshegian's performance during the 1957 season the best job of coaching Schembechler ever witnessed. Despite the losses (many of them by close margins), Parshegian kept his team united and focused. That crucible set the stage for a much more successful campaign in 1958, when Northwestern finished with a 5–4 record that included victories over conference rivals Michigan and Ohio State. Northwestern began the 1959 season in the top ten in the AP Poll and started with a 45–13 win over Oklahoma, then the top-ranked team in the country. It was the first of a string of victories that propelled Northwestern to the number-two spot in the AP Poll. Led by quarterback John Talley and star halfback Ron Burton, the team beat Michigan again and won a match-up in October against Notre Dame, a school Northwestern had not played since 1948. Three straight losses at the end of the season ended the team's run at the conference championship, however.The following four seasons brought a mix of success and challenges. <mask>'s best year at Northwestern was in 1962, when the team finished at 7–2. Parseghian was a shrewd recruiter, using Northwestern's small budget to find versatile players overlooked by the bigger rival programs. In 1962, he put his faith in sophomore quarterback Tom Myers to guide the team. Myers, aided by a big offensive line and by star receiver Paul Flatley, led a passing attack that helped Northwestern to the top of the AP Poll in the middle of the season following wins against Ohio State and Notre Dame. <mask> called the close win against Hayes and Ohio State "one of Northwestern's greatest victories". The following week's Notre Dame game drew a 55,752 people, which remained the largest crowd ever to see a home game at


texts:
 Northwestern as of 2005.Despite those wins, late-season losses to Michigan State and Wisconsin cost the team a chance at the Big Ten championship. At Northwestern, Parseghian developed a reputation as an affable, down-to-earth coach. While he took his job seriously, he cultivated an informal rapport with players, who called him "<mask>" rather than "coach" or "Mr. Parseghian". Given his closeness in age to many of the players, he "empathizes with us well", Northwestern tackle Andy Cvercko said in 1959. Parseghian occasionally joined in practices with the players and organized games of touch football. He had other quirks, like lowering the intensity of practices as game day approached to let the players "build up psychologically", something he learned from Paul Brown. Parseghian remained at Northwestern for eight seasons until 1963.His career coaching record there was 36–35–1. This ranks him third at Northwestern in total wins and ninth at Northwestern in winning percentage. <mask>'s teams beat Notre Dame four straight times after their annual series was renewed in 1959 following a decade-long hiatus. Toward the end of his tenure at Northwestern, Parseghian grew frustrated by the school's limited financial resources, curbs on football scholarships, and academic standards for athletes that were more stringent than at other Big Ten schools. He also clashed with athletic director Holcomb, who told him in 1963 that his contract would not be renewed after that season despite coaching the team to within two wins of a national championship the previous year. "I took them to the top of the polls in 1962, and that was not good enough for Northwestern", Parseghian said many years later. Notre Dame
Parseghian's coaching career at Northwestern was approaching its end in 1963.In November of that year, he called Father Edmund Joyce, the vice president and chairman of the athletics board at Notre Dame, a Catholic university near South Bend, Indiana. He asked whether interim head football coach Hugh

masks: Ara Parseghian


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 Devore was going to be given the job on a longer-term basis. When Joyce said the university was searching for a new coach, Parseghian expressed an interest in the job. Joyce did not immediately seem warm to the idea, however, and Parseghian explored an offer to coach at the University of Miami in Florida, where his old friend Andy Gustafson had been promoted from head coach to athletic director. Notre Dame was also considering Dan Devine for its coaching job but ultimately offered it to Parseghian. Parseghian waffled at first, recalling his father's misguided anti-Catholicism, but accepted in December and was given a salary of about $20,000 a year ($ today). Parseghian's candidacy for the head coaching job at Notre Dame was unusual because he was not a Notre Dame graduate, as every head coach since Knute Rockne had been.Parseghian was also an Armenian Presbyterian, making him the first non-Catholic coach since Rockne, who converted in 1925. Before hiring Parseghian, Joyce made it clear that he did not care about Parseghian's religion but simply wanted someone who could lead the football team to success. As had been the case at Northwestern, Notre Dame's football program was in a state of flux when Parseghian arrived. Notre Dame had built a proud history under Rockne and Frank Leahy (its two most successful coaches), but the late 1950s and early 1960s had been a disaster. The team had finished 5–5 in 1962 under Joe Kuharich, who lost the confidence of his players and Notre Dame's administrators during his four years as coach. Kuharich's surprise departure at the end of that season to become supervisor of officials in the National Football League, a position created by his friend and NFL commissioner Pete Rozelle, left the program in disarray. Devore, a long-time Notre Dame employee who had played for Rockne and coached under Leahy, was brought in to lead the team on an interim basis in 1963.Notre Dame managed only a 2–7 finish that year. Turnaround and the 1964 season
Parseghian


texts: quickly turned the program around in 1964; he re-established a sense of confidence and team spirit that had been lost under Kuharich and Devore. Practices were carefully planned and organized with the help of a coaching staff that consisted of three assistants from Northwestern and four former Notre Dame players. Parseghian listened to players' concerns about the program and addressed them. He invigorated the team's offense by favoring passing and bringing in smaller and quicker players. A rule change allowing unlimited substitutions starting in 1964 helped make this strategy successful; fast-running receivers could now be taken out of the game and rested as others replaced them. Parseghian also recognized talent in quarterback John Huarte and wide receiver Jack Snow, who had been used only sparingly for two seasons by previous coaches.Huarte could throw far and accurately but was soft-spoken, a trait Parseghian and his staff helped change. Snow was large for a receiver of his era, but Parseghian thought his athleticism and sure hands would make him a good wideout. Still, expectations were muted for the 1964 season: Parseghian told his coaches that the team would have a 6–4 record if they were lucky. Sports Illustrated predicted a 5–5 record at best, and the team did not rank among the top 20 programs in the country in the pre-season AP Poll. Notre Dame nonetheless opened the season with a 31–7 victory over heavily favored Wisconsin, a game in which Huarte threw for more yards than the team's leading passer had over the entire 1963 season. Notre Dame players carried Parseghian off the field after the win, which vaulted the team to ninth place in the polls. A string of victories followed, first against Purdue and then Air Force and UCLA.Notre Dame rose to first place in the national polls following a 40–0 win over Navy in October. The team went undefeated until the last game of the year against USC, who won 20–17 in the final minutes on a touchdown pass from Craig Fertig to Rod


texts:
 Sherman. The loss unseated Notre Dame from the top ranking in the national polls, but the team still won the MacArthur Trophy, a championship awarded by the National Football Foundation. Huarte passed for 2,062 yards and set 12 school records in 1964, four of which still stood as of 2009. He also won the Heisman Trophy. Snow led the country in receptions with 60. At the same time, Parseghian won numerous coach of the year awards for engineering the turnaround, including from the American Football Coaches Association, the Football Writers Association of America, the Washington Touchdown Club, the Columbus Touchdown Club, and Football News.Huarte and Snow graduated after the 1964 season, and Notre Dame felt their absence the following year, posting a 7–2–1 record. While the team did not contend for a national title, defensive back Nick Rassas led the nation in punt returns and came in sixth in interceptions; he was named a first-team All-American by sportswriters. First national title
In 1966, <mask> guided Notre Dame to its first national championship since the Leahy era. Led by quarterback Terry Hanratty, running back Nick Eddy, star receiver Jim Seymour, and fullback Larry Conjar, the offense was best in the nation in scoring, with an average of 36.2 points per game. The defense was second in the country in points allowed, thanks to strong performances by linebacker Jim Lynch and defensive end Alan Page. The season began with eight straight victories, propelling Notre Dame to the top of the national polls. The team then faced Michigan State, which was ranked second in the polls and was also undefeated.The contest, one among a number referred to as the "game of the century", ended in a 10–10 tie. <mask> was criticized for winding down the clock instead of trying to score despite having the ball in the final seconds of the game. He defended his strategy by maintaining that several key starters had been knocked out of action early in the game and that he did not want to spoil a


texts:
 courageous comeback from a 10–0 deficit by risking a turnover deep in his own territory late in the game. When <mask>'s team trounced USC 51–0 the following week, critics alleged that he ran up the score to impress poll voters who had split the number-one ranking between Notre Dame and Michigan State following the tie. Subsequent to the USC rout, the final wire service polls gave Parseghian's team the national championship, although Notre Dame continued its policy of not participating in a post-season bowl game. Nine members of the team were selected as All-Americans, and <mask> was named coach of the year by Sporting News. Several winning seasons followed, but Notre Dame did not repeat as national champion in the late 1960s.In 1969, the team finished with an 8–2–1 record and accepted an invitation to play in the postseason Cotton Bowl. With this game, the school ended a long-standing policy of not playing in bowl games. The university urgently needed money to fund minority scholarships and decided to use the proceeds from bowl games for this purpose. <mask>'s team lost the game, 21–17, to the eventual national champion Texas Longhorns. Later Notre Dame career
Notre Dame continued to succeed under Parseghian in the early 1970s. Led by senior quarterback Joe Theismann, the team finished second in the polls in 1970 and avenged its Cotton Bowl loss, defeating the Longhorns 24–11 in an upset. In 1973, Parseghian had a perfect season and won a second national championship, topped off by a 24–23 win over Alabama in the Sugar Bowl.Both teams were undefeated going into the game, but Alabama had held the top spot in the national polls. <mask> was named Coach of the Year by Football News. Before the start of the 1974 season, several key defensive players were suspended for allegations of sexual misconduct,  but charges were never filed. Parseghian called the loss of those key defensive players "a great disappointment". Several other key players were injured. An upset loss to underdog Purdue in


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 the third game of the season derailed the team's hopes to repeat as national champions. The ever-present pressure to win took its toll.In the middle of the season, <mask> privately decided to resign for the sake of his health. He was also dealing with the deaths of three close friends that year as well as his daughter's battle with multiple sclerosis. He officially stepped down in mid-December after rumors began to surface that he was leaving for a post with another college program or professional team. He said he was "physically exhausted and emotionally drained" after 25 years of coaching and needed a break. His last game was Notre Dame's 13–11 win in a rematch against Alabama in the Orange Bowl. After 11 seasons as head coach of the Fighting Irish, he was succeeded by Dan Devine. His record at Notre Dame was 95–17–4, giving him the second-most wins by any football coach in
the school's history, trailing only Knute Rockne.<mask>, who was 51 at the time, said he planned to take at least a year off from coaching before considering a run at a job in the professional ranks. Rumors circulated throughout 1975 that he might return to Notre Dame, but both he and Devine denied them. In December, he finally decided that he would not coach in 1976 despite reportedly being pursued by the New York Jets of the NFL. He would instead host a television show beginning the following fall. He made his last appearance on the sidelines when he coached the college players in the annual Chicago College All-Star Game against the defending Super Bowl champion Pittsburgh Steelers on July 23, 1976, at Chicago's Soldier Field. The game was halted with 1:22 remaining in the third quarter when a torrential thunderstorm broke out; after fans rushed onto the field, play was never resumed. It was the last such game ever played.During <mask>'s tenure at Notre Dame, the school's long-dormant football rivalry with Michigan was revived through an agreement signed in 1970. The schools, which had not met since 1943,

masks: Parseghian Parseghian Parseghian


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 agreed to resume the series with the 1978 season. Notre Dame athletic director Moose Krause orchestrated the deal with Don Canham, his counterpart at Michigan, but <mask>'s friendship with Wolverine head coach Bo Schembechler also played a role. <mask> and Schembechler were teammates at Miami University in Ohio, and Schembechler served on Parseghian's staff at Northwestern in 1956 and 1957. Schembechler told Parseghian in 1970 that he was looking forward to facing Notre Dame, but Parseghian replied that he would "never have that opportunity". While at Notre Dame, <mask> did away with all ornamentation on players' uniforms, eliminating shamrocks and shoulder stripes and switched the team's home jerseys to navy blue. The Irish never wore green jerseys during his tenure.His successful run at Notre Dame is sometimes referred to as the "Era of Ara". Later life

<mask> launched a broadcasting career after leaving Notre Dame. He served as a color analyst for ABC Sports from 1975 to 1981 covering a series of regional and national college football games. He moved to CBS Sports in 1982 and covered college games for that network until 1988. <mask>, who amassed a career coaching record of 170–58–6 at Miami, Northwestern and Notre Dame, was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1980. He was inducted into the Miami University Athletic Hall of Fame as part of its charter class in 1969 and became a member of the Indiana Football Hall of Fame in 1984. He was also inducted into the Cotton Bowl Classic Hall of Fame in 2007.<mask> was awarded an honorary doctorate in humanities by Miami in 1978 and served on the school's board of trustees between 1978 and 1987. He also received an honorary degree from Notre Dame in 1997 and won the Amos Alonzo Stagg Award the same year for his contributions to the sport. Jason Miller portrayed Parseghian in the 1993 film Rudy, which chronicled Rudy Ruettiger's determination to overcome his small size and dyslexia and play for Notre Dame in 1974. Parseghian

masks: Parseghian Parseghian Parseghian Parseghian Parseghian Parseghian


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 saw Ruettiger's drive and placed him on the scout team but resigned at the end of the year. Devine, Parseghian's successor, put Ruettiger in on defense at the end of the final game of the 1975 season, and Ruettiger recorded a sack. Along with Lou Holtz, Parseghian served as one of two honorary coaches in Notre Dame's 2007 spring game, an annual scrimmage held in April. Holtz's Gold team defeated Parseghian's Blue team, 10–6.The same year, Notre Dame unveiled a statue in Parseghian's honor by sculptor Jerry McKenna, depicting players carrying him off the field in triumph following the 1971 Cotton Bowl victory over Texas. In 2011, Miami also unveiled a statue in his honor to add to the RedHawks' Cradle of Coaches plaza. It shows him wearing a Notre Dame sweater as he kneels and looks ahead to the field. <mask>, who was married to the former Kathleen Davis, also became involved with medical causes later in life. Along with Mike and <mask>ian Medical Research Foundation in 1994. The foundation is seeking a cure for Niemann-Pick disease Type C, a genetic disorder affecting children that causes the buildup of cholesterol in cells, resulting in damage to the nervous system and eventually death. Three of his grandchildren, Michael, Marcia, and Christa Parseghian, died from the disease.He was also active in the cause to find a cure for multiple sclerosis; his daughter Karan was diagnosed with the disease. <mask> died on August 2, 2017, at his home in Granger, Indiana, at the age of 94. At the time of his death, he was suffering from a post-surgical hip infection after undergoing hip surgery weeks before his death. He was buried in the Cedar Grove Cemetery in Notre Dame, Indiana. Head coaching record

*Note: before the 1974 season, the final Coaches Poll, also known then as the UPI Poll, was released before the bowl games, so a team that lost its bowl game could still claim the UPI national championship. This was changed as a result of Alabama winning the 1973 Coaches Poll national

masks:
Parseghian
Cindy Parseghianrsegh
Parseghian


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<mask> ( ; born February 17, 1987) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played for the Toronto Blue Jays, Seattle Mariners, Tampa Bay Rays and Chicago White Sox before retiring on July 31, 2019. Amateur career
Farquhar attended Archbishop Edward A. McCarthy High School in Southwest Ranches, Florida, where he played for the school's baseball team as a pitcher and outfielder. He batted .436 as a sophomore. As an outfielder, Farquhar was named to the All-District Second Team in 2004, his junior year. As a senior, he had a 0.89 earned run average (ERA), a school record. Farquhar enrolled in college at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, where he played for the Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns baseball team, competing in the Sun Belt Conference.As a college freshman, he had a 6–1 win-loss record with four saves and a 2.17 ERA. He led the Sun Belt Conference in ERA. In 2007, as a sophomore, Farquhar went 6–3 with six saves, a 3.08 ERA and 115 strikeouts to 22 walks in  innings pitched. He was fourth in the conference in ERA and second in strikeouts. After the 2007 season, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Harwich Mariners of the Cape Cod Baseball League. As a junior, he had a 3–8 record with a 4.95 ERA. Professional career

Toronto Blue Jays
The Toronto Blue Jays selected Farquhar in the tenth round, with the 309th overall selection, of the 2008 MLB draft.He signed with Toronto and made his professional debut with the Auburn Doubledays of the Class A-Short Season New York–Penn League. He was promoted to the Lansing Lugnuts of the Class A Midwest League


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 during the season. He finished 2008 with 2–2 win–loss record,  innings pitched (IP), and a 1.95 ERA. In 2009, he started the season with the Dunedin Blue Jays of the Class A-Advanced Florida State League and finished the season with the New Hampshire Fisher Cats of the Class AA Eastern League. In 2009, Farquhar had a 2–4 record, 1.87 ERA and 22 saves, in  innings pitched. The Blue Jays traded Farquhar to the Oakland Athletics along with Trystan Magnuson for outfielder Rajai Davis after the 2010 season. He threw eight innings without allowing a run for the Sacramento River Cats of the Class AAA Pacific Coast League (PCL), before the Athletics traded him to the Blue Jays in exchange for reliever David Purcey on April 18.The Blue Jays assigned him to the Las Vegas 51s of the PCL. Farquhar made his major league debut on September 13, 2011, against the Boston Red Sox. He pitched  innings and allowed three earned runs on three hits, while walking two with no strikeouts. Farquhar was later optioned back to New Hampshire. On June 2, 2012, the Blue Jays designated Farquhar for assignment after claiming Chris Schwinden off waivers from the New York Mets. Oakland Athletics
On June 9, 2012, the Athletics claimed Farquhar off waivers from the Blue Jays. After making five appearances in the minor leagues for Sacramento, the Athletics waived him to select the contract of A. J. Griffin.New York Yankees
The New York Yankees claimed him off waivers on June 26 and optioned him to the Trenton Thunder, shifting Brett Gardner to the 60-day disabled list. However, he was placed on waivers three


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 days later, as the Yankees claimed Schwinden, who had been waived by the Cleveland Indians. He cleared waivers. Seattle Mariners
On July 23, 2012, the Yankees traded Farquhar and pitcher D. J. Mitchell to the Seattle Mariners for right fielder Ichiro Suzuki. Farquhar started the 2013 season with the Tacoma Rainiers of the PCL. The Mariners purchased his contract, promoting him to the major leagues, on May 17. On August 2, Farquhar replaced Tom Wilhelmsen as closer, and he recorded his first major league save on August 3 against Baltimore.From that point to the end of the season, he went 0-3 with 16 saves in 24 games, striking out 29 in  innings with a 2.38 ERA. Overall on the year, he went 0–3 with a 4.20 ERA in 46 appearances, striking out 79 in  innings. Tampa Bay Rays
On November 5, 2015, the Mariners traded <mask>, Brad Miller, and Logan Morrison to the Tampa Bay Rays for Nate Karns, C. J. Riefenhauser, and Boog Powell. On April 23, 2016, Farquhar was sent down to the Durham Bulls of the Class AAA International League. He was recalled on May 14, but was designated for assignment the next day, and was back with Durham on the 16th. On June 25, Farquhar was sent back up to the Rays, on the 26th, one day later, he was sent back down to Durham, on the 27th, he was called back up to the Rays. This time Farquhar made it 8 days before his July 5 demotion back to Durham.On August 6, <mask> was called back up to the Rays, this was his final transaction of the season. He finished the season with a 3.06 ERA in 35 games ( innings) and 46 strikeouts. <mask> was designated for

masks: Farquhar Farquhar Farquhar


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 assignment on June 29, 2017. He cleared waivers and was assigned to Durham. The Rays released him on July 20. Chicago White Sox
On July 24, 2017, Farquhar signed a minor league contract with the Chicago White Sox. His contract was purchased by the White Sox on August 19, 2017.In a game on September 22, 2017 against the Houston Astros, Farquhar made a pitching appearance in the 8th inning against Astros hitter Evan Gattis. During the at bat, Farquhar noticed banging from within the Astros dugout every time the catcher called for any pitch other than a fastball. Eventually, Farquhar and catcher Kevan Smith made a mound visit because of it and afterwards Gattis was struck out after a pitch without a sign was called. This incident would become part of the investigation of the Houston Astros sign stealing scandal. 2018 brain hemorrhage
On April 20, 2018, after pitching in relief in the sixth inning in a game against the Houston Astros, Farquhar collapsed in the dugout. Witnesses saw him go into the White Sox's dugout and vomit before losing consciousness. Farquhar was carried out by ambulance and taken to Rush University Medical Center.Teammates said they were shocked because they did not "notice any signs that Farquhar might have been sick". After further testing, doctors revealed Farquhar suffered from a brain hemorrhage, which was caused from a ruptured brain aneurysm. On May 7, 2018, Farquhar was discharged from the hospital. Despite being ruled out for the rest of the 2018 season, Demetrius Klee Lopes and other doctors expected him to make a full recovery and pitch again. On


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 June 1, 2018, he had recovered enough to throw the ceremonial first pitch for the White Sox's game against the Milwaukee Brewers. Farquhar elected free agency following the 2018 season. Return to the Yankees organization
On January 21, 2019, Farquhar signed a minor league contract with the Yankees.He was released on June 19, 2019. On August 1, on his personal Instagram account, he announced his retirement. Coaching career
Farquhar was announced as pitching coach of the Winston-Salem Dash, the Class-A Advanced affiliate of the Chicago White Sox, for the 2020 season. Personal life
Farquhar is married to his high school sweetheart, Alexandria Castells <mask>, and they have one daughter and two sons. Off the field, Farquhar enjoys the game of golf. He has said that he would like to coach and teach math at the high school level one day. References

External links

1987 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Sportspeople from Pembroke Pines, Florida
Baseball players from Florida
Major League Baseball pitchers
Toronto Blue Jays players
Seattle Mariners players
Tampa Bay Rays players
Chicago White Sox players
Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns baseball players
Harwich Mariners players
Auburn Doubledays players
Lansing Lugnuts players
Dunedin Blue Jays players
New Hampshire Fisher Cats players
Peoria Javelinas players
Sacramento River Cats players
Las Vegas 51s players
Trenton Thunder players
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees players
Tacoma Rainiers players
Cardenales de Lara players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Durham Bulls players
Charlotte


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<mask><mask> (born 25 August 1966) is an English actress, comedian, director and writer. She is known for writing and starring in the BBC Three comedy Nighty Night (2004–2005) and the comedies Hunderby (2012–2015) and Camping (2016), which she also directed. <mask> has been noted by critics for creating boundary-pushing black comedy that centres female anti-hero characters. A nine-time BAFTA TV Award nominee, she won Best Comedy Writing for Hunderby in 2013 and the 2018 British Academy Television Award for Best Scripted Comedy for Sally4Ever. She has also received two RTS Awards and three British Comedy Awards. In addition to acting in her own works, she has appeared in a variety of other British television comedies, most notably portraying Dawn Sutcliffe in Gavin & Stacey (2007–2009, 2019). Her film roles include Love Actually (2003), Cemetery Junction (2010), Four Lions (2010) and the critically acclaimed Phantom Thread (2017).Early life
<mask> was born on 25 August 1966 in Lambeth, London,
to a secretary mother and a civil servant father, and grew up in Guildford, Surrey before moving at the age of 14 to Bath, Somerset. She was raised in the Church of England. After studying for a degree in English and Drama at the College of Ripon and York St John, she returned to Bath working "dead-end jobs", starting a comedy double-act The Sisters of Percy with her friend Jane Roth at a local theatre group. It grew into an improv troupe with Welsh radio DJ Rob Brydon and Ruth Jones. Television and writing career
During their radio sketch, Five Squeezy Pieces, Arabella Weir introduced <mask> to Arthur Mathews and Graham Linehan who cast her as a regular cast member in the television sketch show Big Train (1998). Her career gained a further boost in 1998 after she sent a tape of various characters to Steve Coogan, who invited her to write for and participate in his shows

masks:
Julia Charlotte L
. Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis


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 during his 1998 national tour. Chris Morris, director of the Big Train pilot, cast her for his 1997–1999 radio series Blue Jam, its successor March–April 2000 TV show Jam, and Brass Eye.<mask> went on to appear in many comedy television shows including I'm Alan Partridge, I Am Not an Animal, Dr. Terrible's House of Horrible, Ideal and Nathan Barley. In November 2000, Human Remains, a dark comedy television series, written by and starring Rob Brydon and <mask>, debuted on BBC Two. In the six-part series, Brydon and <mask> played six different couples talking to camera about their unusual relationships. The last episode of The Office features <mask>, who is heard on the phone as the voice of a woman from a dating agency in conversation with David Brent. Nighty Night
In 2004 and 2005, <mask> wrote and starred in 2-series of the BBC Three dark comedy Nighty Night. The show is centred around her character of peroxide "blonde" sociopathic beauty therapist Jill Tyrell, who has become a popular and celebrated Gay Icon for her sassy, over-confident and determined style.Heterosexual Jill will stop at nothing to capture the love of a husband, not hers of course. Supposedly in her mid-30s with a flexible spine, she is manipulative and blunt with her opinions and lies, regularly reminds people she is "a very sexy lady" and is a casual but ineffectual murderess. She dabbles in mock lesbianism if it will attract her man. With catchphrases such as "How many of those have you had Sue?" she crushes her competition. She convinces her pathetic husband he has terminal cancer, seduces the young son of her neighbours, and marries her second husband in the criminal-mental-asylum after convincing him he has murdered the vicar. In the second series she impersonates a Nigerian therapist after running her over in a camper van to pursue her attempts to steal friend Kath's husband Dom in

masks: Davis Davis Davis Davis Davis


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 Cornwall.Gavin and Stacey
From 2007 to 2009, she played Dawn Sutcliffe in Gavin & Stacey, a role which she reprised in 2019 for a Christmas special. Dawn and her husband Pete are an unhappily married couple who are friends of Gavin's parents in Billericay. Their cutting comments to each other, sexual frustration, love and hate in equal measure are a welcome side-storey to the show. Their surname is coincidentally that of infamous serial killer Peter Sutcliffe (the Yorkshire Ripper), whereas Gavin and his parents have the surname of serial killer and GP Harold Shipman. Dawn and Pete unsuccessfully tried to organise a MFM or MMF (never entirely clear) threesome to reinvigorate their sex lives. They renewed their vows to Michael Jackson's song "Ben" such as "most people would turn you away, I don't listen to a word they say". In 2008, she appeared on Little Britain Abroad as a sexy Russian mail-order bride called Ivanka.In 2009 <mask> appeared, in the guise of Steve Coogan's personal assistant Debbie Bidwoden, in the TV film Steve Coogan – The Inside Story. In 2010, she co-wrote and co-starred in Lizzie and Sarah with Jessica Hynes. The pilot aired on 20 March 2010 on BBC Two. It was made by Baby Cow Productions, and was considered even darker than <mask>'s previous work; when the BBC did not commission the remaining episodes of the series, there were online protests. <mask> has also starred in productions such as the BBC's For the Love of God, The Alan Clark Diaries, Fear of Fanny, in which she played the original celebrity chef Fanny Cradock, and Persuasion, an adaptation of the Jane Austen novel. In December 2011, <mask> appeared in "Fifteen Million Merits", an episode of the anthology series Black Mirror, as Judge Charity on the fictional talent show Hot Shot. On 22 December 2011, she appeared as Anne Yeaman in the Christmas special and finale of the BBC Three

masks: Davis Davis Davis Davis


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 comedy How Not to Live Your Life.<mask> appeared in the pilot episode of Bad Sugar, shown on Channel 4 on 26 August 2012. A full series was set to air in 2013, but was cancelled due to availability of the cast and writers. In 2013 <mask> played various characters in BBC sketch show It's Kevin and in Psychobitches on Sky Arts. She appeared in an episode of Inside No. 9 as a stage manager. Hunderby
<mask> created, wrote and starred in Hunderby, which aired for two series on Sky Atlantic in 2012 and 2015. For Hunderby, <mask> won the BAFTA TV Craft Award for Writing – Comedy.At the 2013 BAFTA TV Awards, Hunderby was nominated for Best Scripted Comedy and <mask> was nominated for Best Female Performance in a Comedy Programme. At the 2012 British Comedy Awards, Hunderby won the awards for Best New Comedy and Best Sitcom. In 2014, she cowrote and starred in a pilot for Channel 4 called Morning Has Broken, about a struggling daytime TV host. A full series of Morning Has Broken was commissioned but ultimately did not happen. In 2015, <mask> and Marc Wootton created and starred in BBC Radio 4 comedy series Couples, about couples in therapy. It was reported in 2015 that <mask> had been commissioned for a new series, Robin’s Test, which was later renamed Camping. Camping
In 2016 <mask> wrote, directed and starred as shallow nymphomaniac "Fay" in Camping on Sky Atlantic.This was her directorial debut. At the 2017 BAFTA TV Awards, Camping was nominated for Best Scripted Comedy. Sally4ever
In 2018 <mask> wrote, directed and starred in the comedy television series Sally4Ever on Sky Atlantic and HBO. <mask> plays the character of Emma, who is having a lesbian affair with a woman called Sally, who is having a midlife crisis. At the 2019 BAFTA awards it won the award for Best Scripted Comedy and <mask> was nominated for Best Female Performance in a Comedy Programme. <mask> is set

masks: Davis Davis Davis Davis Davis Davis Davis Davis Davis Davis Davis Davis


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 to play socialite Maureen, Marchioness of Dufferin and Ava in BBC One historical drama A Very British Scandal, which is scheduled to premiere on BBC One on Boxing Day 2021. Film appearances
<mask> has appeared in the films Fighting with My Family, Phantom Thread, Brakes and Love Actually.In 2014, she starred as an eccentric mother in the comedy short film The Bird. Audio recordings
<mask> secured her first comedy commission, Five Squeezy Pieces, from BBC Radio 4 in 1998. The series was an all-female sketch comedy show, with Meera Syal and Arabella Weir. <mask> launched the podcast comedy Dear Joan And Jericha with comedian Vicki Pepperdine in 2018. The series has 27 episodes as of November 2021. <mask> and Pepperdine published a book on the back of the podcast, Why He Turns Away: Dos and Don'ts From Dating to Death. Influences
<mask> cites Julie Walters as giving her the confidence to pursue a career in comedy.Discussing her influences for the character of Jill in Nighty Night, <mask> told Guardian that "Most of Jill is an amalgam of women I've seen or worked with in the West Country." Personal life
Since 2010 <mask> has been in a relationship with comedian <mask> of The Mighty Boosh. The couple are the parents of twins Arthur and Walter. Filmography

Film

Television

Radio

References

External links

<mask> on BBC comedy site
Guardian Unlimited interview with <mask>, 17 Dec 2004

English stage actresses
English television actresses
English radio actresses
English voice actresses
English television producers
English comedy writers
English women comedians
Alumni of York St John University
Women television writers
1966 births
Living people
People from Bath, Somerset
Actresses from London
People from Lambeth
People from Guildford
21st-century English actresses
British comedy actresses
WFTV Award winners
British women television producers
British television

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Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
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Julian Barratt
Julia Davis
Julia Davis


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<mask> (21 February 1883 – 7 June 1948), more commonly known as P.F<mask> or <mask>, was one of the leading Indo (Eurasian) politicians and activists advocating integration of the native Indo-European community into the indigenous society of the Dutch East Indies (now: Indonesia). After World War II he changed his name to Amir Dachlan. Together with <mask>. Douwes Dekker, he was a strong political proponent of association between Indo-Europeans and Indonesians in the colonial Dutch East Indies and early post-colonial Indonesia. Historical context
See also Indos in pre-colonial history

From pre-colonial times (16th, 17th and 18th centuries) up to the first century of formal colonisation of the Dutch East Indies (19th century) the Eurasian hybrid culture of Indo-Europeans was very closely related to the indigenous cultures of the Indies archipelago. Although Indos were part of the European legal class its lingua franca and much of its practices and beliefs were derived from its indigenous maternal lineage.See also Indos in colonial history
In the 20th century the assault on Indo culture in the Dutch East Indies to Westernise accelerated, rapidly enforcing a one-sided identification with Dutch culture rigorously imposed by the ruling colonial authorities. From their historic role as indispensable intermediaries and change agents, the Indos were increasingly reduced to a marginal position in colonial society. Simultaneously the Dutch Ethical Policy created an educated indigenous elite increasingly voicing the idea of Indonesian national independence. For the relatively small Indo-European community (less than 0.5% of the total native population) this posed the challenge of positioning itself between the emerging forces of the Indonesian National Awakening and the repressive forces of the colonial power. Throughout the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies in World

masks:
Pieter Frederich Dahler
. Dahler
Frits Dahler
E F E


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 War II and the following Indonesian revolution the existing estrangement between the native Indo-European population and indigenous peoples only widened and intensified. In the first half of the 20th century during both the Dutch and Japanese colonial period as well as the Indonesian revolution <mask> was one of the leading Indo-European figures voicing the idea of so-called 'Association' i.e. integration of the Indo-Europeans into the indigenous population.Pre–World War II
<mask> was born on 21 February 1883 in Semarang. He spoke several indigenous languages and had risen to the rank of 'Controleur' in the colonial civil service in the Dutch East Indies. In 1918 he befriended famous politician and activist E.F.E. Douwes Dekker and became a leader of the new National Indische Party. 1922 he became that party's delegate in the People's Assembly (Dutch: Volksraad). In 1938 he was an editor of the Malay language weekly 'Penindjauan'. Here he befriended the indigenous intellectuals Amir and Sam Ratulangi.At the same time he was editor in chief of the Malay language paper 'Bintang Timoer' (English: Eastern Star). He was also a teacher in amongst others Douwes Dekker’s  ‘Ksatrian’ schools as well as the ‘Pergoeroean Rakjat’ schools. World War II
During the Japanese occupation in World War II the Japanese found it hard to determine their position regarding the Eurasian population of the Dutch East Indies. Hesitant to imprison the relatively large number of Indos and in need of an administrative backbone to support their occupation of the outstretched and populous archipelago their initial stance towards the Indos was one of relative leniency. The Japanese clearly chose to focus on their Asian descent, rather than their European descent and continued to groom the Indos through much of the occupation. Their attempts had little to no avail as Indos continued to cling to their

masks: Dahler Dahler


texts: western heritage. In contrast the Eurasian community in neighbouring Malaya, that was hectored and admonished in the same way as the Indos in the 'Japanese East Indies', but that did not constitute any serious problem for the Japanese occupier.During this whole period <mask> remained consistent in his beliefs of association and continued to call for integration of Indos into indigenous Indonesian society. <mask> himself in fact preferred the term ‘Eurasian’ iso the more common term ‘Indo-European’ wanting to emphasise the Asian element of Indos. He became the leader of the pro-Indonesian Indo movement and throughout the occupation attempted to elucidate the Japanese and Indonesian viewpoints. In August 1943 <mask> became head of the so-called 'Kantor Oeroesan Peranakan' (KOP), 'Office for Indo Matters' also more commonly known as the 'Dahler Office'. 'Belanda-Indo' (Dutch-Indo) the earlier Malay term used by the Japanese for Indos was now changed to 'Peranakan' (Descendant). In September 1943 Indos were officially labelled 'non-hostile', and the Japanese promised to release Indos from their civilian prison camps. Additionally, Indos were allowed to cash in 30% of their bank savings and send their children to school again.During another round of Japanese registration in October 1943, Indos had to provide proof demonstrating at least 7 Indo or indigenous ancestors. Still many Indonesians believed that the deeply rooted differences between themselves and the Indos could not be eradicated overnight, simultaneously the reactionary response of many Indos was to straight out reject the idea of being equated with Indonesians. Sentiments in the Indo community were hurled to and fro between pro- or anti Dutch and pro- or anti Indonesian and Japanese feelings. Overall the majority of Indos remained fiercely proud of their European roots and opposed both Japanese and Indonesian

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 attempts to denounce their western identity. Towards the end of WWII repressive measures towards Indos became more aggressive. The number of Indos imprisoned by the Japanese, in fact, continued to increase during the course of the occupation accumulating to 35% of the total Indo community. In 1944 a more radical group of pro-Indonesian Indos under leadership of Van den Eeckhout were added to the Dahler office.The older <mask>, who was known to be a quiet and amiable man, did not take a liking to the militant and sometimes harsh approach of the newcomers, but was unable to temper it, as Van den Eeckhout was being directly instructed by the Japanese. October 1944 in a youth camp set up for Indo boys south of Dampit 13 boys (age 16 to 21) were accused of subversive behaviour and publicly beheaded by the Japanese. Post WWII
<mask> was the only Indo who participated in the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK) and established by the Japanese in May 1945. After Indonesia's declaration of independence <mask> was a member of the political section of the Indonesian National Party (PNI). Together with independence leaders Sukarno and Sjahrir he continued to groom Indos to join the national revolution, but their efforts were undone by extremist revolutionary forces during the violent Bersiap period. February 1946 <mask> was arrested in Batavia by the Dutch and accused of collaboration with Japan. Although the Dutch considered him morally culpable, no actual criminal grounds for conviction were found and he was eventually granted amnesty.In May 1947 <mask> moved to Republican territory and was reunited with his old friend Douwes Dekker, who had secretly returned from exile. <mask> died on 7 June 1948 in Jogjakarta without witnessing the official transfer of Dutch authority to the Indonesian Republic. After Indonesian independence in 1949 the young

masks: Dahler Dahler Dahler Dahler Dahler Dahler


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 nation continued to face economic downturn and contra-revolutionary turmoil threatening its national unity. Sukarno’s reactionary policy of anti-Dutch confrontation indirectly stimulated anti-Indo sentiments leading to the Indo diaspora. Ironically in an effort to reduce repatriation of Indos to the Netherlands the Dutch government now actively promoted Indonesian citizenship for Indo-Europeans, the very idea <mask> had always fought for. <mask>'s tireless efforts to persuade Indo-Europeans to associate themselves with the indigenous peoples were often misconstrued as acts of betrayal, causing much resentment among his fellow Indo compatriots. Over the years his stance has been largely vindicated by advancing historic insights and more objective reflective analysis.Family

Married to Eleonora Helena Emilie Maijer (3 November 1884 – 5 March 1916), daughter of <mask> Maijer and Wilhelmina Adriana Noordhoorn. They had at least one son named Rudolf Antoine <mask> (16 July 1914 – 3 June 1992). After the death of his first wife, he married his second wife <mask> Wattiez and had at least one daughter, <mask>-<mask>, married to <mask> <mask>, and a son named L.A. (Loet) <mask>. Notes

References
 Meijer, Hans In Indië geworteld. De 20ste eeuw. (Publisher: Bert Bakker, Amsterdam, 2004) P.67, 180, 217–218, 220, 222, 225, 227–228, 232–235, 242, 265, 380
 Touwen-Bouwsma, E. “Japanese minority policy; The Eurasians on Java and the dilemma of ethnic loyalty.” in Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 152, no.4. ‘Japan, Indonesia and the WarMyths and realities.’ (Publisher: KITLV, Leiden, 1996)

External links
 Online KITLV journal.1883 births
1948 deaths
Dutch people of Indonesian descent
Indonesian people of Dutch descent
Indo people
People from Semarang
Dutch politicians
Indonesian politicians
Converts to Islam
Indonesian Muslims
Dutch Muslims
Members of the Central

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Dahler
Dahler
Wilhelm Friedrich
Dahler
Pauline Françoise
Sophie Faubel
Dahler
Frederik
Faubel
Dahler


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<mask> (née Murray; 7 May 1934 – December 1972) was a woman from Belfast, Northern Ireland, who was kidnapped and murdered by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) and secretly buried in County Louth in the Republic of Ireland in 1972 after being accused by the IRA of passing information to British forces. In 1999, the IRA acknowledged that it had killed <mask> and eight others of the "Disappeared". It claimed she had been passing information about republicans to the British Army in exchange for money and that a transmitter had been found in her apartment. A report by the Police Ombudsman found no evidence for this or other rumours. Before the Troubles, the IRA had a policy of killing informers within its own ranks. From the start of the conflict the term informer was also used for civilians who were suspected of providing information on paramilitary organisations to the security forces. Other Irish republican and loyalist paramilitaries also carried out such killings.As she was a widowed mother of ten, the McConville killing was particularly controversial. Her body was not found until 2003, and the crime has not been solved. The Police Ombudsman found that the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) did not begin to investigate the disappearance properly until 1995. Biography
<mask> was born on 7 May 1934 to a Protestant family in East Belfast but converted after marrying <mask>, a Catholic former British Army soldier, with whom she had ten children. After being intimidated out of a Protestant district by loyalists in 1969, the <mask> family moved to West Belfast's Divis Flats in the Lower Falls Road. Arthur died from cancer in January 1972. At the time of her death, <mask> lived at 1A St Jude's Walk, which was part of the Divis Flats complex.This was an IRA stronghold, from which attacks were regularly launched against the British Army and Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC). Since the

masks:
Jean McConville
McConville
Jean Murray
Arthur McConville
McConville
Jean McConville


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 death of her husband, she had been raising their ten children, who were aged between six and twenty. Their son Robbie was a member of the Official IRA and was interned in Long Kesh at the time of her death. He defected to the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) in 1974. Killing
In the months leading up to her death, tension and suspicion grew between McConville and her neighbours. One night shortly before her disappearance, she was allegedly attacked after leaving a bingo hall and warned to stop giving information to the British Army. According to police records, on 29 November 1972 a British Army unit found a distressed woman wandering in the street.She told them her name was McConville and that she had been attacked and warned to stop informing. One of McConville's children claimed she was kidnapped the night after this incident, but others gave the date of the kidnapping as 7 December. On the night of her disappearance, four young women took McConville from her home at gunpoint, and she was driven to an unknown location. Dolours Price claimed that she was one of those involved in driving her across the border. McConville was killed by a gunshot to the back of the head;  there was no evidence of any other injuries to her body. Her body was secretly buried across the border on Shelling Hill Beach (also known as Templetown Beach) at the south-eastern tip of the Cooley Peninsula in the north of County Louth, about 50 miles from her home. The place of her death is uncertain.Although no group admitted responsibility for her disappearance, there were rumours that the IRA had killed her for being an informer. Another rumour is that she was killed because neighbours claimed they saw her helping a badly wounded British soldier outside her home; <mask>'s children say they recall her helping a wounded British soldier some time before their father died in January 1972. In a 2014 interview


texts:
 published in the Sunday Life, former Irish republican Evelyn Gilroy claimed the person who had tended to the soldier was her [Gilroy's] sister. The IRA did not admit involvement until after the signing of the Good Friday Agreement. It claimed she was killed because she was passing information about republicans to the British Army. Former IRA member Brendan Hughes claimed the IRA had searched her flat some time before her death and found a radio transmitter, which they confiscated. He and other former republicans interrogated her and claimed she admitted the British Army was paying her for information about republicans.Hughes claims that, because of her circumstances, they let her go with a warning. However, he claims when the IRA found she had resumed working for the British Army, it decided to "execute" her. Usually the bodies of informers were left in public as a warning, but the IRA secretly buried McConville, apparently because she was a widowed mother of ten. The IRA had first done this two months earlier, when it killed and buried two IRA members who were alleged to be working undercover for the British Military Reaction Force (MRF). Aftermath
After her disappearance, McConville's seven youngest children, including six-year-old twins, survived on their own in the flat, cared for by their 15-year-old sister Helen. According to them, the hungry family was visited three weeks later by a stranger, who gave them McConville's purse, with 52 pence and her three rings in it. On 16 January 1973, the story of the abduction appeared on the front page of the Belfast Telegraph, under the headline "Snatched mother missing a month".The following day, the children were interviewed on the BBC television programme Scene Around Six. The children reported to the social services, and were immediately brought into local council care. The family was split up by social services. Among the consequences


texts:
 of the killing, <mask>'s orphaned son Billy was sent to De La Salle Brothers
Boys' Home, Rubane House, Kircubbin, County Down, notorious for child abuse; he testified in 2014 to the Northern Ireland Historical Institutional Abuse Inquiry, describing repeated sexual and physical abuse, and starvation, saying "Christians looking after young boys – maybe they were Christians, but to me they were devils disguised in that uniform." Within two days of her kidnapping, one of her sons reported the incident to the RUC and the British Army. However, the Police Ombudsman did not find any trace of an investigation into the kidnapping during the 1970s or 1980s. An officer told the Ombudsman that CID investigations in that area of Belfast at that time were "restricted to the most serious cases".On 2 January 1973, the RUC received two pieces of information stating: "it is rumoured that <mask> had been abducted by the [IRA] because she is an informer". In March 1973, information was received from the British Army, saying the kidnapping was an elaborate hoax and that McConville had left of her own free will. As a result, the RUC refused to accept that <mask> was missing, preferring to believe an anonymous tip that she had absconded with a British soldier. The first investigation into her kidnapping appears to have taken place in 1995, when a team of RUC detectives was established to review the cases of all those who were thought to have been kidnapped during the conflict. In 1999, the IRA gave information on the whereabouts of her body. This prompted a prolonged search, co-ordinated by the Garda Síochána, the Republic of Ireland's police force, but no body was found. On the night of 26 August 2003, a storm washed away part of the embankment supporting the west side of Shelling Hill Beach car park, near the site of previous searches.This exposed the body. On 27 August, it was found by passersby while

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 they were walking on Shelling Hill Beach (also known as Templetown Beach) in County Louth, at the south-eastern tip of the Cooley Peninsula. <mask> was subsequently reburied beside her husband Arthur in Holy Trinity Graveyard in Lisburn. Investigation

Police Ombudsman's report
In April 2004 the inquest into <mask>'s death returned a verdict of unlawful killing. In 2006 the Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland, Nuala O'Loan, published a report about the police's investigation of the murder. It concluded that the RUC did not investigate the murder until 1995, when it carried out a minor investigation. It found no evidence that she had been an informer, but recommended the British Government go against its long-standing policy regarding informers and reveal whether she was one.Journalist Ed Moloney called for the British Government to release war diaries relating to the Divis Flats area at the time. War diaries are usually released under the thirty-year rule, but those relating to Divis at the time of McConville's death are embargoed for almost ninety years. The police have since apologised for its failure to investigate her abduction. In January 2005, Sinn Féin party chairman Mitchel McLaughlin claimed that the killing of McConville was not a crime, saying that she had been executed as a spy in a war situation. This prompted Irish journalist Fintan O'Toole to write a rebuttal, arguing that the abduction and extrajudicial killing of McConville was clearly a "war crime by all accepted national and international standards". The IRA has since issued a general apology, saying it "regrets the suffering of all the families whose loved ones were killed and buried by the IRA". PSNI investigation and Boston College tapes
In August 2006, the Chief Constable of the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI), Sir Hugh Orde, stated that he was not hopeful anyone would be brought to justice over the

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 murder, saying "[in] any case of that age, it is highly unlikely that a successful prosecution could be mounted."Boston College had launched an oral history project on the Troubles in 2001. It recorded interviews with republicans and loyalists about their involvement in the conflict, on the understanding that the tapes would not be released until after their deaths. Two of the republican interviewees, Brendan Hughes and Dolours Price, both now deceased, admitted they were involved in <mask>'s kidnapping. Both became diehard opponents of the Good Friday Agreement and Sinn Féin's support of it. They saw Sinn Féin president Gerry Adams as a traitor for negotiating the agreement and persuading the IRA to end its campaign. In 2010, after Hughes's death, some of his statements were published in the book Voices from the Grave. He claimed <mask> had admitted being an informer, and that Adams  ordered her disappearance.In a 2010 newspaper interview, Price also claimed Adams ordered her to participate in McConville's kidnapping. Price, who died in 2013, said she gave the interviews as revenge against Adams. Former republican prisoner Evelyn Gilroy, who lived near McConville, claimed Adams was an IRA commander and the only person who could have ordered the killing.<ref>"'Arrest Gerry Adams now' - former republican prisoner breaks her silence on IRA murder of <mask>" , The Belfast Telegraph, 24 April 2014; accessed 5 May 2014.</ref>

Adams has denied any role in the death of McConville. He said "the killing of <mask> and the secret burial of her body was wrong and a grievous injustice to her and her family". In 2011, the PSNI began a legal bid to gain access to the tapes. Acting on a request from the PSNI, the United States Justice Department tried to force Boston College to hand them over. Boston College had promised those interviewed that the tapes would not be released until after their

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 deaths, and other interviewees said they feared retribution if the tapes were released.Following a lengthy court battle, the PSNI was given transcripts of interviews by Hughes and Price. 2014 arrests
In March and April 2014, the PSNI arrested a number of people over the kidnapping and killing of <mask>. Ivor Bell, former IRA Chief of Staff, was arrested in March 2014. Shortly afterwards, he was charged with aiding and abetting in her murder. "Pensioner bailed over McConville murder" . UTV News. 26 March 2014; accessed 5 May 2014.In April, the PSNI arrested three people who were teenagers at the time of the kidnapping: a 56-year-old man and two women, aged 57 and 60. All were released without charge. "Further arrests over McConville murder" , UTV News, 17 April 2014; accessed 5 May 2014. Following Bell's arrest in March, there was media speculation that police would want to question Gerry Adams due to the claims made by Hughes and Price. Adams maintained he was not involved, but had his solicitor contact the PSNI to find whether they wanted to question him. On 30 April, after being contacted by the PSNI, Adams voluntarily arranged to be interviewed at Antrim PSNI Station. He was arrested and questioned for four days before being released without charge.A file was sent to the Public Prosecution Service (PPS) to decide whether further action should be taken, but there was "insufficient evidence" to charge him. The arrest took place during an election campaign. Sinn Féin claimed that the timing of the arrest was politically motivated; an attempt to harm the party's chances in the upcoming elections. Alex Maskey said it was evidence of a "political agenda [...] a negative agenda" by elements of the PSNI. <mask>'s family had campaigned for the arrest of Adams over the murder. Her son Michael said: "Me and the rest of my brothers and sisters are just glad to see the PSNI doing their job. We

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Jean McConville
Jean McConville


texts:
 didn't think it would ever take place [Mr Adams' arrest], but we are quite glad that it is taking place."In a later interview on the Today programme on BBC Radio 4, he stated that he knew the names of those who had abducted and killed his mother, but that: "I wouldn't tell the police [PSNI]. If I told the police now a thing, me or one of my family members or one of my children would get shot by those [IRA] people. It's terrible that we know those people and we can't bring them to justice." 2018
Patrick Radden Keefe's 2018 book Say Nothing: A True Story of Murder and Memory in Northern Ireland'' focuses on the history of the Troubles starting from McConville's death. According to Keefe, Dolours Price told Ed Moloney and Anthony McIntyre that three IRA volunteers were present at McConville's killing: former Unknowns commander Pat McClure, Price and a third volunteer whom Price alleged fired the fatal shot. However, Moloney and McIntyre refused to tell Keefe who this person was, as the volunteer was still alive at the time. Nevertheless, Keefe claimed to have identified the IRA volunteer who pulled the trigger.See also
Columba McVeigh
Disappearance of Peter Wilson
Gerard Evans
Independent Commission for the Location of Victims' Remains
Internal Security Unit
List of kidnappings
Murder of Gareth O'Connor
Murder of Thomas Oliver
Robert Nairac
Thomas Murphy (Irish republican)

References

External links
"Statement on the Abduction and Killing of Mrs <mask> in December 1972", (dated 8 July 2006) by P O’Neill, Irish Republican Publicity Bureau, Dublin

1970s missing person cases
1972 murders in the United Kingdom
1972 in Northern Ireland
Deaths by firearm in Northern Ireland
Enforced disappearances in Northern Ireland
Missing person cases in Ireland
Unsolved murders in the United Kingdom
Terrorism deaths in Northern Ireland
Paramilitary punishment attacks in Northern Ireland
History of


texts:
Marie-<mask> is a French physical chemist who was born in Tananarive, Madagascar. She is an Emeritus Professor at Sorbonne University and a Senior Member, since 1999, and administrator (2004–2011) of the Institut Universitaire de France. Scientific Achievements
Professor <mask>’s research has been highly interdisciplinary over her entire scientific career. Her accomplishments have conducted to several breakthroughs in nanotechnology. She paved the way to find new physics, chemistry and energy release out of the various nanostructures she developed. Her discoveries over the past thirty years provide various long-term fundamental and technological advances in biomedicine, Solar energy or chip design. She pioneered the use of colloids as nanoreactor to control inorganic nanocrystals growth processes and to assemble atoms in order to produce nanocrystals with various size and shapes.She demonstrated that nanoreactors can be used to modify chemically macromolecules such as proteins and enzymes opening a new approach to enzyme catalysis. In addition, she showed that incompressible nanocrystals and coating agents, acting like mechanical springs holding together the nanoreactor, replace atoms and atomic bonds respectively in atomic crystals. She highlighted that collective chemical and physical intrinsic properties emerge from such 3D

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Paule Pileni
Pileni


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 superlattices called colloid crystals or supracrystals. Some of them are in prefect alignment with atomic crystals. Moreover, she discovered that the crystalline structure of nanocrystals plays a major role on the chemical and physical properties of both nanocrystals and their assemblies. Such suprastructures dispersed in aqueous solution operate as efficient universal "nanoheaters", a brand-new concept she introduced. Such control of thermal energy release is one of the major challenges in various research areas related to energy release.She succeeds to self-assemble nanocrystals in tumor cells. Furthermore, such suprastructures target different compartments of the tumor microenvironment and trigger local photothermal damages that are inaccessible for isolated nanocrystals and not predicted by global temperature measurements. She has always been sensitive to Women in science careers. She trained more than a hundred scientists from all over the world (USA, Asia, Europe), half being women. From 2005 to 2007, she was Vice-President of the Women in Science Committee reporting to the French Minister of Research. Education and career
She is the daughter of <mask>, Administrator in Chief of the École nationale de la France d'Outre-Mer, and of Marie-Pasquine Micheletti, President of the French Red Cross. She studied, from 1961 to 1966, at the