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 Record in an AX4 Class hot air balloon, at 4628m, and the British Female Duration Record at 1h 46min in the same flight. Aged 8, she became the youngest person to stand at the North Pole and in April 2005, aged 15, she became the youngest person to traverse Baffin Island. In April 2008 his middle daughter, Camilla, at the age of 15, became the youngest person to ski the last degree to the North Pole. In December 2011 his youngest daughter, Amelia, at the age of 16 became the youngest person to ski to the South Pole having completed Shackleton's last 98 nautical miles. In 2021 she competed at the Henley Royal Regatta.Social and charitable work
He has been a Trustee of St John Ambulance since 2012 and held senior posts since 1999. In 2002 he raised money to buy ambulances for St John through a series of lectures. In 2019 he sailed from Plymouth, U.K., to New York, to promote the work of St John and to encourage young people to try something new. He retired as a Trustee of the Duke of Edinburgh's Award in 2017 having been a Trustee for 10 years. He is a Trustee of The Royal Aero Club Trust. In 1992 Hempleman-Adams co-founded The Mitchemp Trust, a registered youth development charity working with vulnerable young people aged 11 to 14 years old from across Wiltshire and the UK who are suffering the effects of poverty and rural isolation. The Mitchemp Trust subsequently rebranded as The Youth Adventure Trust.In 2009 Hempleman-Adams founded Wicked Weather Watch, a charity aimed at informing young people about climate change. In summer 2016, Hempleman-Adams successfully completed the Polar Ocean Challenge - an historic attempt to be the first British sailing yacht to sail around the Arctic Ocean in one summer season, circumnavigating the North Pole and sailing through the Northeast and Northwest Passages. This expedition was


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 undertaken to increase awareness of climate change and loss of ice in the Arctic Ocean. In October 2004, he was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant for Wiltshire. He was appointed High Sheriff of Wiltshire for 2016–17. Honours and awards

In 2013 he was awarded the Polar Medal and bar by HM The Queen for services to the UK in the field of polar research. He received the MBE in the Queen's Birthday Honours in 1995 and then the OBE in the Queen’s Birthday Honours in 1998 for services to Arctic Exploration.He was appointed Lieutenant of the Royal Victorian Order (LVO) in the 2007 New Year Honours and Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO) in the 2017 New Year Honours, both in recognition of his service to the Duke of Edinburgh's Award scheme. In 2016 he was made a Knight of Justice of the Order of St John. In 2000, he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Aero Club. In 2004, he was awarded ‘The Explorers Medal’, by The Explorers Club at their Centennial Dinner. He became a Freeman of the City of London in 2008. See also
List of Mount Everest summiters by number of times to the summit

References

External links
Wicked Weather Watch
Youth Adventure Trust

1956 births
English explorers
British polar explorers
Polar
Polar explorers by nationality
Polar explorers
Polar
English polar explorers
Harmon Trophy winners
Explorers of the Arctic
Alumni of the University of the West of England, Bristol
Living people
People from Swindon
Deputy Lieutenants of Wiltshire
Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Officers of the Order of St John
Britannia Trophy winners
Flight altitude record holders
British summiters of Mount Everest
High Sheriffs of Wiltshire
Balloon flight record holders
British aviation record holders
Fellows of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society
Recipients of


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<mask> (; born 27 February 1982) is a Brazilian professional tennis player who specialises in doubles. He is a six-time Grand Slam champion, having won the Australian Open and US Open in 2016 alongside Jamie Murray, and the 2020 US Open with Mate Pavić in men's doubles. In mixed doubles, <mask> won the 2012 US Open partnering Ekaterina Makarova, the 2014 US Open with Sania Mirza, and the 2016 Australian Open with Elena Vesnina. He also finished runner-up at the 2013 US Open and 2020 French Open in men's doubles, and the 2013 Wimbledon Championships in mixed doubles. <mask> was the fourth Brazilian to win a Grand Slam title across all disciplines, following Maria Bueno, Thomaz Koch and Gustavo Kuerten. His highest singles ranking on the ATP Tour is world No. 221, which he reached in March 2004.In doubles, he reached his career-high ranking of world No. 2 on October 17, 2016. <mask> has won 35 ATP doubles titles, including 4 at Masters 1000 level, and was part of the ATP Doubles Team of the year in both 2016 and 2020. He has represented Brazil in the Davis Cup since 2005, and competed at the 2012 and 2016 Olympic Games. Professional career

2008
In early 2008, <mask> won the São Paulo Challenger for the second time, rising in the doubles rankings and gaining the opportunity to compete in the main tournament circuit, the ATP tours. In 2008, <mask> made a great campaign. Playing without a permanent partner, he reached the semifinals of Roland Garros and the quarter-finals of the US Open.In addition, he won his first ATP doubles title in Nottingham, a grass tournament before Wimbledon. Helped by the winnings of the French Open, <mask> decided to finish 2008 marrying architect Bruna Alvim. The couple welcomed their first son, Noah, in 2015. 2009
In 2009, <mask> partnered with Kevin Ullyett from Zimbabwe, a high level doubles player who had won 32 titles and remained ranked among the top 10 for several years. They reached the quarterfinals of Wimbledon

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 and Roland Garros, the semifinals of the Masters 1000 Rome and Madrid, the final of the ATP New Haven, and won his second ATP doubles title in Stockholm. At the end of the year, with the retirement of Ullyett, <mask> announced a new partnership with Marcelo Melo. 2010
In 2010, Melo and <mask>ros, <mask> defeated the brothers Bob Bryan and Mike Bryanthe world's top doubles playersand reached the quarterfinals. Subsequently, <mask> and Melo reached the semifinals of the ATP 500 Hamburg, the final of the ATP 250 Gstaad, the third round of the US Open, the final of the ATP 250 Metz, and the semifinals of the ATP 500 Tokyo and the ATP 250 Stockholm. 2011
In 2011 at the South American Clay tournamentsa series of four ATP tournaments in Latin AmericaMelo and <mask> won two consecutive titles in the ATP 250 of Chile and Brazil, and were runners-up at the ATP 500 Acapulco. In April, <mask> was runner-up of the Masters 1000 Monte Carlo, playing alongside Juan Ignacio Chela. He competed in the semifinals of the ATPs 250s in Nice and Eastbourne. In August, the Melo and <mask> arrived at the semifinals of the ATP 500 Washington.In October, with <mask> and Melo reached the semifinals of the ATP 500 Valencia and Tokyo, and the final of the ATP 250 Stockholm. Partnered with Nicolas Almagro he was a quarterfinalist in the Masters 1000 Shanghai. In November, <mask> and Melo were quarterfinalists in the Masters 1000 Paris. At the end of the year, Melo and <mask> ended their partnership. 2012
<mask> partnered with Eric Butorac and went to the quarterfinals of the Australian Open and won his sixth ATP doubles title in the ATP 250 Brazil. He also reached the third round at Roland Garros. On July, he ended his partnership with Butorac and began playing with Alexander Peya.In the first tournament of the new partnership, they were runners-up of the ATP 250 Bastad. Participating at the London Olympics with Marcelo Melo, <mask> reached the quarterfinals after defeating the

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 duo Berdych/Stepanek by 24–22 in the last set. At the US Open along with Peya, <mask> reached the quarterfinals of the men's doubles. In that tournament, partnering with Ekaterina Makarova, <mask> won the biggest title of his career thus far by becoming mixed-doubles champion. In the first round, they defeated the seeded No. 2 couple Mike Bryan and Lisa Raymond. In the second phase, they defeated Bob Bryan and Kim Clijsters.Since Gustavo Kuerten's 3rd Roland Garros victory in 2001, a Brazilian had not won a Grand Slam title. <mask>/Makarova won $150,000 as a prize for the title. After the mixed doubles title at the US Open, <mask> took an impressive winning streak, winning the doubles match of the Davis Cup in Brazil against Russia and won four titles in five consecutive tournaments played. He won the ATP 250 Kuala Lumpur and the ATP 500 Tokyo, both playing with Peya; they played the Masters 1000 Shanghai but lost in the second round. Partnered with Melo he won the ATP 250 Stockholm, and the ATP 500 Valencia playing with Peya. In the Masters 1000 Paris, <mask> and Peya were quarterfinalists. 2013

2013 was the best year in the <mask>' career.In January, he won the ATP 250 Auckland, alongside Scottish Colin Fleming. In February, partnered with Melo, he defeated the Bryan brothers at the Davis Cup in the United States. In the same month, he and Peya won the ATP 250 BrasilSoares' third win in that tournament and reached the semifinals of the ATP 500 in Memphis and Acapulco. In March, <mask> reached the semifinals of the Masters 1000 Indian Wells. In April, he won the ATP 500 Barcelona. In May, for the second time in his career, he was runner-up of a Masters 1000 in Madrid, losing only to the world leaders the Bryan brothers. At this point, <mask> approached the top 10 doubles, staying at 11th place.In Roland Garros, <mask> and Peya reached the semifinals of the tournament. With that, <mask> entered the top 10, ranking sixth for doubles. <mask>

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 equaled Carlos Kirmayr's No. 6 in the world in 1983 as the second-best doubles tennis player in Brazil's history. In preparation for Wimbledon, <mask> was runner-up in the ATP 250 Queens and champion of the ATP 250 Eastbourne, reaching its 200th victory. At Wimbledon, <mask> was knocked out in the third round of the men's doubles. In mixed doubles, <mask> reached the final of the tournament for the first time, partnered with the American Lisa Raymond.He was runner-up at the ATP 500 Hamburg in July. In August, <mask> and Peya won a Masters-1000 title for the first time at the Canadian Open. With that, <mask> arrived at the best doubles ranking of his career, No. 4 in the world, equaling Cássio Motta as the best Brazilian doubles player of all time. At the US Open, <mask> "retired" James Blake in the first round of the men's doubles. In mixed doubles, <mask> reached the semifinals partnered with Anabel Medina Garrigues. In men's doublesfor the first time in his careerhe reached a Grand Slam final.However, Peya suffered a muscle strain near the end of the semifinals game against Melo and Dodig. In the US Open final, <mask> could not play well because of the problem, and in the second set, Peya almost abandoned the game. <mask> and Peya eventually lost the final in two sets. With these results, <mask> qualified in anticipation for the ATP Finals for the first time in his career. On 7 October 2013, <mask> became the No. 3 doubles player in the world; his best position of his career and the best position in the history of Brazilian tennissurpassing Cassio Motta, who was No. 4 doubles in 1983.At the end of October, <mask> and Peya became two-time champions of the ATP 500 Valencia, defeating the Bryan brothers in the final. 2014
In 2014, the <mask>/Peya partnership was beginning not to work as before. During the year, they had as prominent campaigns only the title of the Masters 1000 in Canada and one runner-up finish at the Masters 1000 Indian Wells, as

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 well as a title in the ATP 250 in London. <mask> finished the year as No. 10 in the world. 2015
The partnership did not work well. Just as in 2014, they obtained only two quarterfinals in Grand Slam events, and the result in the Masters 1000 has worsened, with the pair getting only two semifinals in Miami and Canada.<mask> finished the year as No. 22 in the world. In October, <mask> announced the ending of his partnership with Alexander Peya, and a new partnership with Britain's Jamie Murray in the 2016 season. 2016

The <mask> and Murray partnership had an astonishing start. They reached the semifinals of the Doha ATP Tour 250, the first tournament of the season. On 16 January, <mask> and Murray won the second tournament of the season, the Sydney ATP Tour 250. On January 30, the duo won the Australian Open.It was <mask>' first Grand Slam title in men's doubles. <mask> defeated the team of the Czech Radek Štěpánek and the Canadian Daniel Nestor in three sets in the men's doubles final. <mask> partnered with Elena Vesnina in the mixed doubles and reached the final, where they overcame Horia Tecău and CoCo Vandeweghe in three sets. <mask> became the first Brazilian man to win two titles in the same Grand Slam. <mask> and Murray would combine to also win the US Open men's doubles title in 2016. <mask> ended the season at No. 1 in the ATP doubles race alongside Murray.2017
In the new season, the <mask>/Murray duo dropped a little income, not obtaining any Grand Slam or Masters 1000 titles. Their best results in these tournaments were the runner-up of the Masters 1000 of Cincinnati, the semifinals of the Masters 1000 of Indian Wells, Shanghai and Paris, and the quarterfinals of Roland Garros and the US Open. They won the ATP 500 from Acapulco, Queens, and the ATP 250 from Stuttgart. Thus, <mask> ended the year as No. 10 in the world in doubles. 2018
<mask> obtains as his biggest title the Masters 1000 of Cincinnati. He was also runner-up in the

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 Shanghai Masters 1000, and a semifinalist in Rome and got quarterfinals at Wimbledon and the US Open.He became twice champion of the ATP 500 in Acapulco, won the ATP 500 in Washington, and was runner-up in the ATP 500 in Queens. The year ended as No. 7 in the world in doubles. 2019
In January, <mask> and partner Jamie Murray reached the quarterfinal at the Australian Open, but were defeated in straight sets. In May, they ended their three and a half year partnership after a first-round loss at the French Open. <mask> announced 2018 Australian Open and 2018 Davis Cup winner, Croatian Mate Pavić, as his new partner. His biggest title of the year was winning the Masters 1000 in Shanghai, playing with Pavic.He also won the Sydney ATP 250 with Murray, and the ATP 250 Stuttgart playing with John Peers. During a difficult year, he was still a semifinalist at the Masters 1000 in Monte Carlo and Cincinnati, made the quarterfinals at the Australian Open and was runner-up in the ATP 500 in Barcelona. He ended the year outside the top 10, which had not happened since 2015, as No. 21 in the world. 2021
At the US Open, <mask>, partnering with Jamie Murray, reached the final for the fourth time in his career, defeating Filip Polášek and John Peers in the semifinals. Significant finals

Grand Slam finals

Doubles: 6 (3  titles, 3 runner-ups)

Mixed doubles: 4 (3 titles, 1 runner-up)

Masters 1000 finals

Doubles: 13 (4 titles, 9 runner-ups)

ATP career finals

Doubles: 69 (35 titles, 34 runner-ups)

Performance timelines

Doubles
Current through the 2022 Mexican Open. Mixed doubles

References

External links

1982 births
Living people
Brazilian male tennis players
Sportspeople from Belo Horizonte
Tennis players at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Tennis players at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic tennis players of Brazil
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's doubles
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in mixed doubles
Australian Open (tennis) champions
US Open

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texts: <mask> (23 November 1934 – 3 July 1994) was an Australian tennis player whose career ran from 1950 to 1973. Hoad won four Major singles tournaments as an amateur (the Australian Championships, French Championships and two Wimbledons). He was a member of the Australian team that won the Davis Cup four times between 1952 and 1956. <mask> turned professional in July 1957. He won the Kooyong Tournament of Champions in 1958 and the Forest Hills Tournament of Champions in 1959. He won the Ampol Open Trophy world series of tournaments in 1959, which included the Kooyong tournament that concluded in early January 1960. <mask>'s men's singles tournament victories spanned from 1951 to 1971.<mask> was ranked the world No. 1 amateur in 1953 by Harry Hopman and by the editors of Tennis de France, and also in 1956 by Lance Tingay, by Ned Potter, and by Tennis de France. He was ranked the world No. 1 professional for 1959 in Kramer's Ampol point ranking system, and by Robert Barnes (Kramer's Australian manager). Serious back problems plagued <mask> throughout his career, possibly caused by a weight-lifting exercise which he devised in 1954. The back injury became particularly intense following the 1956 Wimbledon championships, continued periodically, and led to his semi-retirement from tennis in 1967. Afterwards he made sporadic appearances at tournaments, enticed by the advent of the Open Era in 1968 and was seeded No.7 for the 1968 Wimbledon Championships and seeded No. 12 for the 1970 French Open. Following his retirement in 1973, <mask> and his wife Jenny Staley <mask> owned and operated a tennis resort, <mask> Hoad's Campo de Tenis in Fuengirola, Spain,

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 near Málaga. <mask> died of leukaemia on 3 July 1994. Early life and career

<mask> was born on 23 November 1934, in the working-class Sydney inner suburb of Glebe, the eldest of three sons of tramway electrician <mask> and his wife Ailsa Lyle Burbury. Hoad started playing tennis at age five with a racket gifted by a local social club. As a young child, he would wake up at 5 a.m. and hit tennis balls against a wall and garage door until the neighbours complained, and he was allowed to practice on the courts of the Hereford Tennis Club behind the house.At age 10 he competed in the seaside tournament at Manly in the under 16 category. In his youth, <mask> often played Ken Rosewall, and they became known as the Sydney "twins", although they had very different physiques, personalities and playing styles. Their first match in Sydney in January 1947 (when both were aged 12) was played as an opener of an exhibition match between Australia and America. Rosewall won 6–0, 6–0. <mask> built up great physical strength, especially in his hands and arms, by training at a police boys' club, where he made a name as a boxer. <mask> was about 12 when he was introduced to Adrian Quist, a former Australian tennis champion and then general manager of the Dunlop sports goods company. Quist played a couple of sets with Hoad and was impressed by his natural ability.When Hoad was 14 he left school and joined the Dunlop payroll, following the pattern of that 'shamateur' era when most of Australia's brightest tennis prospects were employed by sporting goods companies. Hoad had just turned 15 when he and Rosewall were selected to play for New South Wales in an interstate

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 contest against Victoria. In November 1949, Hoad won the junior title at the New South Wales Championships, and the same weekend, he also competed in the final of the junior table tennis championship in Sydney. Tennis career

Amateur career: 1950–1957

1950
Hoad lost to Dick Savitt in four sets in round one of the New South Wales State championships in November. In his match report, Adrian Quist said, "Hoad played well, and held a lead of 4-2 in the third set after winning the second. At present he makes too many errors. He will have to learn good control from the ground before his game will reach great heights."<mask> reached the semi finals of County of Cumberland championships in Sydney in December, losing to Bill Sidwell. "It was apparent from the start of play that Sidwell did not intend to take the youngster lightly. He served with pressure and followed the majority of his returns to the net. The first set was very evenly contested. Had Hoad not fallen into easy errors he may well have won the opening set. The experience of Sidwell, however, prevailed during the important exchanges", said Adrian Quist. 1951
<mask>'s first Grand Slam tournament appearance was at the 1951 Australian Championships held in January at the White City Tennis Club in Sydney.He won his first match against Ronald McKenzie in straight sets but lost in the following round to defending champion and countryman Frank Sedgman. It was the only Grand Slam tournament he played that year. <mask> won his first men's singles title, the Brisbane Exhibition tournament at Milton, on grass, on 11 August 1951, defeating Rosewall in the final in four sets. In September, <mask> won

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 New South Wales hardcourt championships beating George Worthington in the final. 1952
In 1952, <mask> reached the third round of the Australian Championships in Adelaide. In April, he was selected by the Australasian Lawn Tennis Association as member of the team to play in overseas tournaments. In May, before departing to Europe, he won the singles title at the Australian Hardcourt Championships on clay after a five-set win in the final against Rosewall.<mask>, who had never played a tournament on European red clay courts, received a walkover in the first round of the French Championships and lost in straight sets to sixth-seeded and 1947 and 1951 finalist Eric Sturgess. In only their second appearance as a doubles team at a Grand Slam event, <mask> and Rosewall reached the French semifinal. <mask> lost in the quarterfinal of the Belgian championships in Brussels in early June, where he was defeated by Budge Patty. <mask>'s first entry at the grass court Queen's Club Championship in June 1952 ended in the quarterfinal against eventual champion Frank Sedgman. A week later, he played his first match at the Wimbledon Championships defeating Beppe Merlo in a nervous and unimpressive five-set encounter. Wins against Rolando del Bello and Freddie Huber were followed by a fourth round loss against second-seeded and eventual finalist Jaroslav Drobný. <mask> and Rosewall caused an upset when they defeated second-seeded Gardnar Mulloy and Dick Savitt in the third round of the doubles event, but lost in the semifinal against Vic Seixas and Eric Sturgess.After a semifinal result at the Swedish championships in July, and an exhibition between Australia and

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 West Germany, <mask> and the Australian team traveled to the United States under the guidance of coach Harry Hopman. As a preparation for his first U.S. Championships he played the Meadow Club Invitational (Southampton), Eastern Grass Court Championships (South Orange), and Newport Invitational before teaming up with Rosewall to reach the semifinal of the U.S. National Doubles Championships in Brookline. <mask> was the eighth seeded foreign player at the U.S. Championships. He won four matches to reach his first Grand Slam quarterfinal but due in part to making 64 errors could not overcome Sedgman who would win the tournament without losing a set. With Thelma Coyne Long he reached the final of the mixed doubles event, the first Grand Slam final of his career, but they lost in straight sets to Doris Hart and Frank Sedgman. An early loss at the Pacific Southwest Championships in September concluded his first overseas tour. In September, he was jointly ranked No.10 in the world for 1952 with Rosewall by Lance Tingay of The Daily Telegraph. 1953

<mask> started 1953 poorly in the singles with a second-round exit against Clive Wilderspin at the Australian Championships in Melbourne after playing an uncharacteristic baseline game. He was more successful in doubles where he and Rosewall became the youngest team to win the Australian doubles title after a victory in the final against Mervyn Rose and Don Candy. In March, <mask> defended his singles title at the Australian Hardcourt Championships, defeating Rosewall in a five set semifinal in which he survived six matchpoints, and 34-year-old John Bromwich in the final. Two weeks later, <mask> lost the

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texts: final of the N.S.W. Hardcourt Championships against Mervyn Rose. <mask>'s second overseas tour started in late April, and after an exhibition in Cairo at the Gezira Sporting Club, he reached the final at Italian Championships in Rome losing to Drobný in straight sets but won the doubles title with Rosewall.At the French Championships in May, <mask> was seeded fourth and made it to the quarterfinals in which he lost to Vic Seixas due to overhitting and an unreliable serve. <mask> and Rosewall won the doubles title with a three-set win in the final against countrymen Rose and Wilderspin. In June <mask>'s attacking serve-and-volley game proved too good for Wimbledon favorite Rosewall in the final of the Queen's Club Championship and he won the tournament without losing a set. At Wimbledon, <mask> was seeded sixth, and as at the French, Vic Seixas defeated him in the quarterfinal, this time in a close five-set match that ended on a Hoad double fault. In an all-Australian doubles final <mask> and Rosewall defeated Hartwig and Rose. <mask> lost to Enrique Morea in the final of the Dutch Championships in mid July. He won his first title on U.S. soil in South Orange at the Eastern Grass Court Championships in mid August, defeating compatriot Rex Hartwig in the final.In the semifinal against Rosewall, he pulled a back muscle. <mask> and Rosewall's hopes of winning the doubles Grand Slam, two years after fellow Australians Ken McGregor and Frank Sedgman had first achieved that feat, were dashed when they lost surprisingly in the third round of the U.S. Doubles Championships. At the U.S. Championships <mask> (second foreign seed) won four matches to reach

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texts: the semifinal where for the third time in 1953 he lost in a Grand Slam event to Vic Seixas. Following his defeat, and that of Rosewall in the other semifinal, there was criticism in the press that both 18-year-old players were physically and mentally worn out due to the intensive schedule imposed by coach Harry Hopman. In September, Seixas again beat <mask>, this time in the semifinal of the Pacific Southwest Championships in Los Angeles. <mask> was rested a few weeks upon his return to Australia and then won the Queensland Championships in early November in a 41-minute final against Hartwig. Two weeks later, <mask> won the N.S.W.Championships after four-set victories over Tony Trabert in the semi-final and over Rosewall in the final in front of a 10,000 Sydney crowd but had trouble with a sore right elbow. In early December at the Victorian Championships he defeated Rosewall in the final. The much anticipated Davis Cup challenge round match against the challenging team from the United States took place at the Melbourne Kooyong Stadium in late December. Surprisingly Hartwig was selected to partner <mask> in the doubles instead of Rosewall, a decision widely criticized in the press. In the opening singles matches, <mask> defeated Seixas, his nemesis that season, in straight sets, while Trabert defeated Rosewall, also in straight sets. <mask> and Hartwig lost the doubles match against Seixas and Trabert and Australia trailed 1–2 at the start of the final day. <mask> is remembered for his match as a 19-year-old amateur against the United States champion Tony Trabert.In front of a 17,000 crowd, <mask> defeated Trabert in five sets to help his

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 country retain the Cup. It was seen as one of the best Davis Cup matches in history. Directly following the final, <mask> received his call-up papers for National Service. <mask> was ranked world No. 5 amateur for 1953 by Lance Tingay in his September rankings. At the end of the year, <mask> was ranked world No. 1 amateur for the complete season of 1953 by Harry Hopman and also by the editors of Tennis de France, published by Philippe Chatrier.Tingay stated in September 1954 that <mask> in 1953 had  "played so well during the Australian season that his status as best in the world was axiomatic." He added that for the 1954 season, "His form since has been almost disastrous. <mask>'s decline has been a mystery." <mask> was the youngest tennis player ever at 19 years 38 days to achieve world No. 1 rankings, a record which still stands. 1954

In January, <mask> played just one tournament before entering his National Service training. At the South Australian Championships in Adelaide he reached the final but sub-par play led to a straight-sets defeat to Trabert.On 13 January, <mask> joined the 13th National Service Training battalion in Ingleburn for a period of 98 days and commented that "It will be a welcome break from tennis". As a consequence, <mask> was unable to participate in the Australian Championships. At the end of February, <mask> received a leave from service to play for the Australian team at Kooyong stadium in the third Test match against South Africa in front of the Queen and Duke of Edinburgh. He won a singles match against Abe Segal, won a doubles match with Rosewall and lost a mixed-doubles match with his girlfriend Jenny Staley.

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texts: When <mask> returned to service, he was bitten by a spider while on maneuvers which caused him to become ill and hospitalized him for ten days. He spent two days in coma which was not made public. While he was in service, <mask> devised a weight-lifting exercise, doing push-ups with round 50 lb.weights placed on his back, which <mask> later believed probably initiated his back trouble. <mask> left the National Service at the end of April and his third overseas tour with an Australian team started on 5 May. For the first time in his career, <mask> was the top-seeded player at a Grand Slam tournament at the French Championships but he lost in the fourth round to 40-year-old Gardnar Mulloy. <mask> lost the doubles final with Rosewall to Seixas and Trabert in 56 minutes. Partnering Maureen Connolly, who had won the women's singles title, <mask> won the mixed-doubles final against Jacqueline Patorni and Rex Hartwig. In June, <mask> overcame countryman Rose in the final of the Queen's Club Championship to successfully defend his title. <mask> was seeded second behind Trabert at Wimbledon Championships.In the fourth round, <mask> avenged his loss to Mulloy at the French Championships, defeating him in four sets. In the quarterfinal the powerful service and excellent returns of Drobný proved too much for <mask> and he was beaten in straight sets within an hour. <mask> and Rosewall were unable to defend their Wimbledon doubles title after losing in fives sets in the semifinal to Seixas and Trabert. A surprise loss against Roger Becker in the semifinal at the Midlands Counties Championships in Birmingham was followed in mid-July by winning the singles

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texts: title at the Swiss Championships in Gstaad. As in the previous year, <mask> met Rosewall in the Eastern Grass Court Championships in August, this time in the final, and again the titleholder was victorious, overpowering Rosewall to win the singles title in three straight sets. At Newport in mid August, <mask> was beaten by 17-year-old compatriot Roy Emerson who won the deciding set 8–6. For the third time in 1954, Seixas and Trabert defeated <mask> and Rosewall at a Grand Slam doubles event, winning the U.S. Doubles Championships in Brookline.<mask>, no. 1 foreign seed at the U.S. Championships, lost to Ham Richardson in a five-set quarterfinal. His lackluster form continued when he was defeated by unseeded Luis Ayala in the quarterfinal of the Pacific Southwest Championships in mid-September. After returning to Australia at the end of September, <mask> scheduled extra practice to work on his serve and volley but subsequently lost to Don Candy in the semifinal of the Sydney Metropolitan Championships. In early November, matters briefly improved. In the final of the Queensland Championships in Brisbane, he overcame a sunstroke and the loss of sets three and four by 0–6 to defeat Hartwig in five sets. In mid-November, he was upset by veteran John Bromwich who better exploited the windy conditions in the quarterfinal of the N.S.W.Championships. At the Victorian Championships, the last significant tournament before the Davis Cup Challenge Round, <mask> was defeated in straight sets in the semifinal by Seixas. As in the previous match against Sven Davidson he showed such poor form and at times an apparent lack of interest that he was jeered by the


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 crowd and several left after he smashed a ball into the stands. The 1954 Davis Cup Challenge Round was played on 27–29 December on the grass courts at the White City Stadium in Sydney between title holders Australia and the United States. <mask> lost the first rubber to Trabert, in front of a record crowd of 25,000, in a high-quality four-set match. Rosewall also lost his singles match and the United States won back the cup after Seixas and Trabert defeated <mask> and Rosewall in four sets in the doubles rubber. In a season review article in the Dunlop Lawn Tennis Annual & Almanack editor and former tennis player G.P.Hughes mentioned that "<mask> in particular had a bad year". In a 1956 interview, <mask> admitted that especially in 1954 he often got fed-up with tennis and didn't care whether he played or not. In September, <mask>'s world ranking had slipped to No. 7 in Tingay's ranking. Tingay, Chatrier and other writers ranked <mask> world No. 5 in a collaborative ranking. However, <mask> was ranked world No.4 in Ned Potter's rankings for 1954 in World Tennis, which was a higher ranking than Potter had given <mask> in 1953 at No. 5. 1955
<mask> was unable to play the South Australian tennis championship in early January due to a torn ligament. To some surprise he entered the mixed doubles event at the 1955 Australian Championships with his girlfriend Jenny Staley and the pair finished as runner-ups to Thelma Coyne Long and George Worthington. In the singles event, <mask> reached his first Grand Slam tournament final after solid wins over Seixas (quarterfinal) and Hartwig (semifinal). In the final Rosewall's accuracy and control were too strong


texts: for him and he lost in three straight sets. <mask> did not participate in the French Championships as the Davis Cup team that he was part of only left for Europe at the end of May during the Championships.In the singles final of the Queen's Club Championship in mid-June <mask>, who was married earlier that day, lost his service seven times and lost to Rosewall in two straight sets but won the doubles event with Hartwig. <mask> was the fourth-seeded player at the Wimbledon Championships at the end of June. In his quarterfinal match against seventh-seeded Budge Patty, his game lacked accuracy and he conceded a break in each set resulting in a loss in straight sets. Having lost the Davis Cup in 1954, Australia had to play through the 1955 Davis Cup preliminary rounds to challenge holders United States. In July, Australia defeated Mexico, Brazil and Canada to win the Americas Zone and subsequently beat Japan and Italy in the Inter-zone matches in August. In the Challenge Round at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills from 26 to 28 August, <mask> defeated the French and Wimbledon champion Trabert in four sets in his first singles rubber and with Hartwig won the doubles match to reclaim the Davis Cup for Australia. These were the first ever tennis matches televised in color, on the first national color broadcast by NBC television.<mask> was no. 2 foreign seed at the U.S. Championships held from 2 to 11 September, immediately after the Davis Cup Challenge Round, on the muddy courts of Forest Hills. In the quarterfinal, he lost his service three times in succession in the third set and suffered a straight-sets defeat in 50 minutes against Trabert, the


texts:
 first-seeded U.S. player, and eventual champion. In his first significant tournament after the U.S. Championships, <mask> won the New South Wales Championships in November after a win in the final against Rosewall. In December, he won the singles title at the Victorian Championships after a tough five-sets final win over 19-year old Ashley Cooper. In September, he was ranked No. 3 in the world according to Tingay, and was ranked world No.3 for 1955 by Ned Potter. 1956

<mask> started the year with a five-set defeat in the final of the South Australian Championships against countryman Neale Fraser. At the following Manly tournament, the crowd overflowed the stands during the final hindering Rosewall's "baseline defensive game" more than <mask>'s attacking style, resulting in a straight-sets win for <mask> in 35 minutes. At the Australian Championships in Brisbane, <mask> overcame a two sets to one deficit against Mervyn Rose in the quarterfinal and beat Neale Fraser in the semifinal to reach his second consecutive Australian final, where he overcame titleholder Rosewall in four sets to win his first Grand Slam singles title. He won the doubles title with Rosewall against Don Candy and Mervyn Rose. At the beginning of March, <mask> and his wife left for an overseas private tour (a tour sanctioned but not organised by the Australian tennis federation). First stop of the tour was Cairo where <mask> won the singles title at the Egyptian Championships against Sven Davidson followed by a tournament win in Alexandria over Fred Kovaleski.At Monte Carlo in late March, he was surprisingly beaten by Tony Vincent in the quarterfinal. In the Australian

masks: Hoad Hoad Hoad Hoad Hoad Hoad Hoad


texts: ranking published in April, reflecting the season until the end of March, <mask> overtook Rosewall as No. 1. Singles titles at the Lebanese Championships and at the Connaught Club in Essex followed in April but the month ended with a semifinal loss to Ham Richardson at the British Hard Court Championships in Bournemouth. <mask> won his first Italian Championships on red clay at the Foro Italico in Rome in early May when he outplayed Sven Davidson in straight sets. At the French Championships at Roland Garros, <mask> survived a five-set scare against Robert Abdesselam in the third round before winning the final against Sven Davidson in straight sets to claim his second consecutive Grand Slam singles title. Unknown to the public, <mask> had stayed up the night previous to the final, invited by a Russian diplomat, and was drunk when he came home.An intensive workout by Rod Laver got him into a state that allowed him to play the final. Following the win in Paris, <mask> stated his intention to remain amateur after 1956, "Even if I win the three big tournaments, even if Kramer raised his offer, I still wouldn't turn pro for at least two or three seasons." In May, <mask> won the International Golden Ball tournament in Wiesbaden, West Germany after a straight-sets victory in the final over Art Larsen but at the Trofeo Conde de Godó in Barcelona, he lost in the quarterfinal to Bob Howe. As a preparation for Wimbledon, <mask> played the singles event at the Northern Championships in Manchester but lost to 34-year old Jaroslav Drobný in the final 7–5 in the deciding set. <mask> was seeded first for the Wimbledon Championships. He lost two sets en route to


texts: the final, one to Mal Anderson in the quarterfinal and one to Ham Richardson in the semifinal. In the final he faced Rosewall.In the first all-Australian final since 1922, <mask> was victorious in four sets to gain his first Wimbledon and third successive Grand Slam championship title. <mask> also won the doubles title with Rosewall, their third Wimbledon title, defeating Orlando Sirola and Nicola Pietrangeli in the final in straight sets. Following his Wimbledon title he lost in the semi final of the Midlands tournament to Mike Davies. In August, <mask> won the singles title at the German Championships, on clay at Hamburg, with a four-set defeat of Orlando Sirola in the final. Immediately after Wimbledon, <mask> experienced severe pain and stiffness in his lower back, at a level higher than before the tournament. He arranged to travel to the U.S. by boat on the  rather than suffer a long plane trip. However, the pain continued and reduced the level of his play for the remainder of the year and into 1957.After arrival in New York on 21 August, <mask> travelled to Brookline to partner Rosewall in the U.S. Doubles Championships which they won to complete their career doubles Grand Slam. From there he went to the Forest Hills stadium in New York to play his first match in the singles U.S. Championships. He had missed the preparatory grass court tournament at Newport. Having won the first three stages of the Grand Slam, <mask> was favoured to win the fourth and then turn professional for a lucrative contract offered by Jack Kramer, although <mask> himself claimed that he never thought about the Grand Slam and did not hear of it before he arrived in


texts: New York. <mask> lost the U.S. Championships final at Forest Hills in four sets to Rosewall. <mask> and Rosewall won the doubles title against Seixas and Richardson. In September <mask> defeated Luis Ayala in the semifinal and Sven Davidson in a four set final at the O'Keefe Invitational at the Toronto Lawn Tennis Club in Rosedale, Toronto on red clay  and at the Pacific Southwest Championships, the last leg of his overseas tour, Hoad was beaten by Alex Olmedo in the third round.In November he lost the final of the Queensland Championships to Ashley Cooper in five sets and was hindered by numbness in the serving arm between the elbow and the wrist. In mid December <mask> and Rosewall competed in the final of the Victorian Championships which was their last final as amateurs as Rosewall turned professional at the end of the month. The final started late due to rain and was stopped due to darkness at two sets to one for <mask> but the following day Rosewall won the last two sets and the title. In late December, <mask> was part of the Australian Davis Cup team which defended the Cup in the Challenge Round against the United States. <mask> was confined to bed with back pain for the two days prior to the Davis Cup matches, and was relieved to find that he could play well. In his last Davis Cup appearance, <mask> won both his singles rubbers, against Herbie Flam and Seixas, as well as his doubles match with Rosewall to help Australia to a 5–0 victory. <mask> was ranked world No.1 amateur by Lance Tingay in September, by Ned Potter in October in World Tennis and at the end of the year by Tennis de France. <mask> won 16 tournaments in 1956, and 17


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 doubles titles. 1957
<mask> played poorly in early 1957, due to back trouble, and was placed in an upper body cast for six weeks, following which he slowly returned to tennis competition in April 1957. He then experienced a period of pain-free playing for 11 months. He won the Northern Championships in Manchester, beating Ramanathan Krishnan in the final. <mask> won his second successive Wimbledon singles title, defeating Ashley Cooper in a straight-sets final that lasted 57 minutes. Professional career: 1957–1973

1957
After winning the 1957 Wimbledon title, <mask> turned professional by signing a two-year contract with Kramer for a record guarantee of US$125,000, or AUS£55,500, which included a US$25,000 bonus for winning the 1957 Wimbledon singles title.This was the highest guarantee that would be given to an amateur turning pro, with Laver receiving the second highest. <mask>'s business relationship with Kramer in 1957 and later was congenial and smooth compared to the experiences of Pancho Gonzales. <mask> would later claim, "I never had a problem with Jack Kramer." On 14 July 1957, <mask> won his debut match as a professional against Frank Sedgman at the Forest Hills Tournament of Champions, broadcast live nationally on the CBS television network. He won his next match, against Pancho Segura, but lost the last three to finish joint third in the round robin event behind Gonzales and Sedgman. After Forest Hills, <mask> commented on the difference between amateur and professional tennis: "It's an entirely different league. These pros make mistakes but they don't make them on vital points.That's the difference.". At the following Masters round


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 robin tournament played on cement courts at the Los Angeles Tennis Club he lost all six of his matches to finish in last place, commenting "I don't like cement courts...". After these defeats Kramer commented that <mask> would have to change his playing style: "His second serve is too shallow. His opponents massacre it. He must shorten his backhand or play deeper in his returning service." Kramer expected that <mask> would improve on the upcoming indoor circuit. In September <mask> embarked on a four month 4-man tour of Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and Australia together with Kramer (Sedgman replaced Kramer in Australia), Rosewall, and Segura.Kramer and <mask> were interviewed live on BBC television. Kramer gave his estimation of <mask>'s game: "I feel that he's potentially the best player that tennis might ever have." Kramer cited <mask>'s recent marathon win over Rosewall at The Hague on red clay as evidence of improvement in his play. At the Wembley Indoor Pro Championships in late September, Kramer eliminated <mask>, defeating him in straight sets, and Kramer also defeated Gonzales for third place. The two players would be Kramer's headliners in the upcoming world pro tennis championship tour. In the 4-man tour of 1957, <mask> finished with slight edges over the other players, 16–15 over Rosewall, 16–14 over Kramer, 13–9 over Segura, 4–2 over Sedgman. <mask> was ranked combined world No.3 behind Gonzales and Sedgman and ahead of Rosewall and Segura for 1957 by Quist. 1958
In 1958 a projected series of 100 head-to-head matches was commenced between <mask> and the reigning champion of professional tennis, Pancho Gonzales, together


texts: with an undercard series between Trabert and Segura. The series started in January in a number of Australian cities in stadiums on grass courts with mostly a best-of-five set format, and in New Zealand for three matches with a best-of-three set format, and at the end of the Australasian subtour, <mask> was leading 8 to 5. Most venues reported record crowds, including the first Kooyong encounter, which <mask> won in a 3 and 3/4 hour, four-sets, 80-games marathon in front of 12,000 spectators. From 5 to 4 down in New Zealand, <mask> launched a 15 to 3 winning streak against Gonzales (including the non-tour Kooyong Tournament of Champions deciding match and the third-place match at Sydney Masters). In February, the series continued in the United States, mostly in indoor venues and local gyms with a best-of-three set format, played on a portable canvas surface. <mask> would experience a thigh injury in May and June.But <mask> won 18 of the first 27 matches, and in late February Gonzales had, according to Kramer, the look of a "beaten man". However, after they played an outdoor match on 1 March on a chilly night in Palm Springs, <mask>'s back stiffened which affected him significantly for the rest of the series. Twice <mask> was forced to take time off to rest his back and was substituted for in his absence by Rosewall and Trabert. From 9–18 Gonzales surged to a 26–23 lead, and at the end of the series on 8 June, he had defeated <mask> by 51 matches to 36. In late 1958, Jack Kramer was asked which of the many "World Professional Championships" he considered deserving of the title, and he named four tournaments under his own aegis: Forest Hills, L.A.


texts: Masters, Kooyong and Sydney White City. <mask> won three of these eight tournaments in 1958/59. For the 1958/1959 seasons, Kramer had a troupe of professional champions that included 11 Hall of Fame players, under contract, and he designed a series of tournaments to provide a format in which all of them could participate.In January 1958, <mask> won the Kooyong Tournament of Champions in Melbourne, the richest tournament of  the year. The tournament was funded by the Australian oil company Ampol. <mask> defeated Gonzales and Sedgman in deciding matches, and won all five of his matches in the round-robin event. During the world championship tour in the U.S. in May, the four players participated in the Cleveland event. In the final at Cleveland on 5 May, <mask> lost a two-set lead against Gonzales while struggling with his leg-muscle injury. <mask> dropped out of the tour in late May to rest his thigh injury. At the Forest Hills Tournament of Champions in June 1958, <mask>'s thigh injury healed in time for his final match which he won against Gonzales on the final day.However, Gonzales won the event with a better overall round-robin record. At Roland Garros in September, <mask> won his quarterfinal against Trabert, and his semifinal against Gonzales. While leading in the final against Rosewall, <mask> wrenched his back reaching for a ball, and could not play well in the remainder of the match. He had to default the Wembley Pro tournament in September due to an "arthritic" back. <mask> rested for the next three months and did not play again until 1959. Jack March ranked Hoad world No. 2 professional tennis player behind Gonzales for 1958.Jack Kramer


texts:
 ranked <mask>  No. 4 for 1958, with Gonzales first, Sedgman second, Rosewall third. 1959
In early 1959, it was announced that the Australian oil company Ampol, would provide an award of AUS£2,500 (US$5,600), plus the Ampol Open Trophy, to the "acknowledged world's best tennis player", adjudged from a world series of tournaments managed by Jack Kramer. All of the best pros would be ranked by a point system which would determine the seeding list for all tournaments. The first five tournaments of the series were played in Australia on a portable outdoor wooden plywood court, playing slow on a sand/paint surface for traction, but with no sliding possible. <mask> began the series slowly, hampered by an elbow injury. At the end of January, <mask> defeated Rosewall and Cooper to win at Perth and in February 1959, he defeated Rosewall in three sets to win the South Australian Pro tournament at the Norwood Cricket Oval in Adelaide.This gave <mask> the lead in Ampol bonus points after the first group of five tournaments, a lead which he would not relinquish until the Ampol Open Trophy series ended in January 1960. In the four-man 1959 Kramer World Professional Championship Tour, which ran from 20 February – 31 May in North America, <mask> built a lead of 12 to 5 in his series of matches against Gonzales, after a win in Newcastle, Pennsylvania in late April. Gonzales stated that "I had blisters under my blisters from the punishment" on that tour. However, the daily grind of the tour began to cause a renewal of <mask>'s back trouble, and he finally won against Gonzales by 15 matches to 13. He also won his head-to-head's with newly turned pro Ashley Cooper


texts: (18–2) and Mal Anderson (9–5). With a win-loss record of 42–20 he finished second in the four-man tour behind Gonzales (47–15). The championship was based on money won.This would be the only 4-man world professional championship tour in which the winner would have a losing record against one of the other players, and the second-place finisher would have winning records against all of the other players. Four-man world championship tours were held in 1942, 1954, 1959, and 1960. In late April the players in the 4-man tour played in the Cleveland event, and <mask> lost the final to Gonzales in three straight sets. The L.A. Masters round robin from 5–14 June, was held at the L.A. Tennis Club on concrete, and was part of the Ampol series. <mask> and Gonzales both finished with five wins and one loss, but Gonzales won the title on account of his victory over <mask> in their head-to-head match, which had been the first match for both in the event. During the tournament, <mask> received several Hollywood offers for screen tests, but turned them down with the comment "What do I want with money?". At the O'Keefe Professional Championships on red clay at Toronto Lawn Tennis Club from 16–21 June, also part of the Ampol series, <mask> lost to Sedgman and Rosewall lost to Trabert.Gonzales won the tournament by beating Cooper, Trabert and Sedgman. The Forest Hills Tournament of Champions from 23–28 June, played on grass at the Forest Hills stadium in New York, and part of the Ampol series, awarded the largest winners' cheques of the season. <mask> defeated Mal Anderson in the quarterfinal, Rosewall in the semifinal in four sets and Gonzales in the final, also


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 in four sets, to claim the title. Gonzales appeared tired near the end of the match, but had declared in an interview prior to the final, "I feel fit, very fit. Until <mask> beats me, I'm not worried." In the August 1959 issue of World Tennis, Riggs wrote of the Forest Hills final, "the match signified the end of an era. The great Gonzales who had dominated professional tennis for four years had been decisively beaten..."

In August 1959, <mask> defeated Cawthorn and Worthington to reach the final of  the Slazenger Pro Championships in Eastbourne, but lost to Cooper in the final.In September, <mask> lost to Sedgman in the semifinal of the French Pro at Roland Garros, part of the Ampol series, but defeated Rosewall in a playoff for third place. At the Wembley Indoor Championships, part of the Ampol series, <mask> was upset by Segura in the second round, and Segura eventually lost the final to Anderson in a close match. In the Grand Prix de Europe tour from August to October, which excluded Roland Garros and Wembley, <mask> finished in third place behind Sedgman and Rosewall (Gonzales defaulted the European tour). <mask> won the Perth and Adelaide Memorial Drive events in November and December to begin the final group of Ampol tournaments, which were played on grass courts in tennis stadiums. At the Sydney White City Tournament of Champions from 8–13 December, <mask> injured his hip in the semifinal against Anderson, and lost the final to Gonzales in straight sets. At Brisbane Milton Courts from 15–19 December, Rosewall defeated <mask> in the semifinal and Gonzales in the final in long matches. The final event of the Ampol Open Trophy series, the


texts: Qantas International Kooyong Championships at Melbourne, began on 26 December 1959.With a victory at Kooyong, either <mask> or Gonzales would have won the series. Gonzales decided to return to the U.S. for the holidays to be with his fiancée, although Kramer had warned that "it could cost Gonzales AUS£5,000 by going home for Christmas." Gonzales thereby defaulted the Ampol series to <mask>. On 24 December, the day following Gonzales' departure, <mask> announced that he would not participate in the upcoming 4-man tour in January 1960. On 2 January 1960, <mask> defeated Rosewall in a three-and-a-half hour, four-set match to win the Kooyong tournament, a match which Kramer acclaimed as one of the best ever played. With <mask>'s successful defence of the Kooyong title also came the Ampol Open Trophy win and bonus money award. The Ampol Open Trophy "world series" or "world's open tennis championship" (it was named "open" in case open tennis arrived, which it did not for some years) had consisted of 15 tournaments around the world between 10 January 1959 and 2 January 1960.<mask> finished first in the series with 51 bonus points, ahead of Gonzales (43 points) and Rosewall (41 points). The Melbourne Age stated, <mask> "was crowned the new world professional tournament champion at Kooyong" by winning the Ampol world series. The Sydney Morning Herald reported that <mask> had won "the title of world's top professional tennis player" and was "the game's top money-earner." French language L'Impartial on 6 January 1960 stated "<mask>ad world champion", the win at Kooyong "allows him at the same time to claim the world title for 1959". In an advertisement in

masks:
Hoad
Hoad
Hoad
Hoad
Hoad
Hoad
Hoad
Hoad
Lewis Ho


texts: World Tennis magazine in June 1960, <mask> was described as "world champion <mask> <mask>". Kramer's brochure described the Ampol series with the term "World Championship Tennis". There had also been references of Gonzales between January and April 1960 being described variously that he was "world professional tennis champion, will defend his title", was advertised as "WORLD PRO CHAMPION", was "world professional champion", "goes after an unprecedented sixth straight world crown", was "perennial professional champion", was described in UPI newswire reports  as "world professional tennis champion since 1954", "titleholder" of the "world professional tennis championship"  and that Gonzales with "five world series championships as his record, defeated Ken Rosewall at Cairns last night in straight sets and added further to his claims for his sixth successive world title".On 15 January 1960, Lawn Tennis and Badminton said <mask> was taking a six-month rest and the article stated "J. Kramer is urging <mask> not to take this step, as during this year he will have his best chance of taking R. A. Gonzales' world professional title from him". Kramer's office reported that in 1959 <mask> had won his personal series of matches against Gonzales 24 to 23. Kramer placed <mask> in fourth place in his personal world professional rating for 1959, the same ranking which Kramer awarded to <mask> in 1958 and 1960. Jack March ranked <mask> second behind Gonzales for 1959, the same ranking which he had given <mask> for 1958. Robert Roy in the French sportspaper L'Équipe ranked <mask> fifth as of mid-December, behind Gonzales, Sedgman, Rosewall, and Trabert. Kramer's

masks: Hoad Lew Hoad Hoad Hoad Hoad Hoad Hoad Hoad Hoad Hoad


texts:
 Australian tennis agent Bob Barnes placed <mask> in first spot, corresponding to <mask>'s standing on the official Ampol ranking, with Gonzales second, Rosewall third, Sedgman fourth, and Trabert fifth. Mal Anderson, in a conversation in World Tennis, recalled that "Kramer established a point system to decide the best players...Lew finished ahead of Pancho" followed by Rosewall, Sedgman, and Trabert.1960
<mask> decided not to play in the 1960 world championship tour and took a three-month layoff at the beginning of 1960 to rest his back and spend time with his family. When he returned to play, he was rusty, slow, and carried some extra weight, but he gradually recovered his form. He won a New Zealand tour in April, over Anderson, Sedgman, and Cooper. In May, <mask> commenced his participation in Kramer's tournament series for 1960, which used a point system to rank the players. Gonzales withdrew from the tournament series just before it began. <mask> lost a five-set final to Rosewall at the Melbourne Olympic Pool where a court was set up on the drained pool floor. <mask>, Rosewall, and most of the pros did not play in the Cleveland World Pro which, as in 1959, was not a part of Kramer's tournament series.However, <mask> and Trabert played a match in Cincinnati, Trabert's home town, won by <mask>, just before the Cleveland event, where Trabert would be runner-up to Olmedo. <mask> won tournament finals in June at Santa Barbara, California and in September at Geneva, Switzerland, both over Rosewall, but appeared out of condition in the Roland Garros final against Rosewall. At the Wembley Indoor Championships that year, <mask> was again upset by


texts:
 Segura in the second round. In late 1960, <mask> won the inaugural Japanese Professional Championships in Tokyo, beating Rosewall, Cooper, and Gimeno. The event drew 7,000 fans for each of the four evenings of play, with the Crown Prince and Princess in attendance the first evening. In the final, <mask> prevailed at 13–11 in the fifth set over Rosewall, saving three match points. Following the marathon Tokyo final, <mask> withdrew from the remaining tournaments in the point series with back trouble, and the final projected tournament in Australia was not played.The final results of Kramer's tournament series for 1960 are unknown. <mask> and Gonzales did not play against each other in 1960. <mask> was ranked world No. 2 professional tennis player behind Gonzales in a newspaper report. 1961

<mask> played a few one-set matches on the 1961 Professional World Series tour in January, but soon withdrew because of a broken left foot and was substituted for by first Trabert and then Sedgman. He finished fourth in a tour of five Soviet cities in July, behind Trabert, Buchholz, and Segura, returning to play after his broken foot had healed. In late August and September, <mask> and Gonzales played a ten-match best-of-three sets tour of Britain and Ireland, with Buchholz and Davies playing the undercard matches.<mask> won his series against Gonzales by a score of six matches to four. <mask> won four of the five matches in the series which were played on grass. In September, <mask> lost in the first round of the French Pro to Luis Ayala. At the Wembley Pro, <mask> defeated Gonzales in a four-set semifinal. In the final against Rosewall, in the second game of

masks: Hoad Hoad Hoad Hoad Hoad Hoad Hoad Hoad Hoad Hoad Hoad


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 the match, <mask> pulled his back while running for a backhand volley and suffered a recurrence of his old back injury, and could no longer run, losing in four sets. In November, <mask> won the fifth and deciding rubber for Australia against the United States in the final of the inaugural Kramer Cup (the pro equivalent of the Davis Cup) by beating Trabert in four sets. Trabert said afterwards: "Trying to stop Lew in that final set was like fighting a machine gun with a rubber knife".Robert Roy in L'Équipe ranked <mask> as the third-best player of the year. In July 1961 Gardnar Mulloy rated <mask> as world No. 1 ahead of Gonzales, and the favourite to win a prospective open Wimbledon. 1962
There was no official pro championship tour in 1962, as Laver and Emerson had declined to accept pro offers made by Kramer at the 1961 Wimbledon. Kramer resigned as tour promoter and director. From 14 to 17 March 1962, <mask> won the Adelaide Professional Championships, beating Rosewall, Gimeno, and Sedgman, the final against Rosewall very close. On 12 August 1962, <mask> was awarded the Facis Trophy for winning the pro tour of Italy.In late August, <mask> played a five-match, best-of-three sets tour in Britain against Trabert, defeating Trabert at Nottingham, Edinburgh, Bournemouth, and Dublin, while Trabert won at Scarborough. <mask> won the professional tournament in Zürich in September 1962 by a win in the final against Pancho Segura. In late September, <mask> lost to Rosewall in a -hour, four-set final at Wembley. <mask> and Rosewall teamed to win the doubles final at both Roland Garros and Wembley. In the 1962 Kramer Cup tournament, in best-of-five set


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 formats, <mask> defeated Gimeno in the semifinal tie in Turin, Italy on clay, and <mask> won the opening match of the final at Adelaide in December against Olmedo on grass. <mask> was voted the world No. 1 tennis player for 1962, amateur or professional, in a UPI poll of 85 U.S. sports editors held at the end of January 1963 following the Australian tour.1963
In January 1963, <mask> and Rosewall guaranteed the contract of new pro Rod Laver. <mask> defeated Laver 8–0 in an Australian tour, some of their matches played to best-of-five and televised from sold-out stadiums. On Laver's pro debut on 5 January, <mask> beat Laver at White City stadium in Sydney on a "slippery" grass surface. Their match at the Kooyong stadium in Melbourne on grass was a close contest, with Laver extending <mask> to five sets before losing. After the Australian series, <mask> was inactive for five months, partly due to a shoulder injury. <mask> did not plan to participate in the World Tour for 1963. On his return in June, he lost to Laver in the semifinal of the Adler Pro, and at the Forest Hills U.S.Pro tournament he lost to Buchholz in the first round. The Forest Hills event did not have a television contract, was a financial failure, and the players, with the exception of Gonzales, were not paid. At the French Pro indoor event at Stade Coubertin in September, <mask> was defeated in straight sets by Rosewall in the semifinal and lost the third place play-off against Sedgman. At the Wembley Pro, he reached the final after surviving a marathon semifinal against Buchholz in which he strained his leg muscle and was limping throughout most of the match. McCauley acclaimed


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 the semi-final with Buchholz "one of the best contests ever staged at Wembley". <mask> was tired and sluggish in the final, which again he lost to Rosewall, this time in four sets. At the end of the World Championship Tour earlier in the season, Laver had finished second and was officially ranked the No.2 professional player behind Rosewall. <mask> did not play in the World Tour, and was not officially ranked. 1964–67
In February and March 1964, <mask> played a 16-day 24-match best-of-three sets tour of New Zealand with Laver, Rosewall, and Anderson. <mask> and Laver both finished on top with seven wins and five losses, but <mask> won first place with a 3 to 1 head-to-head score against Laver. In late September 1964, <mask> and Gonzales played a four match best-of-three sets head-to-head series in Britain, at Brighton, Carlyon Bay (Cornwall), Cardiff (Wales), and Glasgow (Scotland). <mask> won at Carlyon Bay and Cardiff, while Gonzales won at Brighton and Glasgow. <mask> experienced foot trouble in 1964 and finished in sixth place in the tournament series point system.In early 1965, much of his large right toe was removed, and he was only able to play a limited schedule thereafter. <mask> won his final victories against Laver in January 1966 at White City in Sydney, his home town, defeating him in straight sets, and at Forest Hills, New York in a round robin match in June 1966. After the expiration of his seven-year contract on 14 November 1966, <mask> withdrew from competitive play for ten months. <mask> and his wife invested in the development of a tennis club and real estate holdings in southern Spain. He returned unexpectedly to


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 participate in the Wimbledon Pro tournament in late August 1967. The Wimbledon Pro was a three-day BBC televised tournament organised by the All-England Club as a trial for "open" tennis and as such the first Wimbledon tournament open to male professional tennis players. <mask> was one of the eight players invited for the singles event and despite being in semi-retirement and without competitive play for ten months, he won his first match against 39-year-old Gonzales in three sets.The BBC television commentator called it "the finest match ever seen on these hallowed grounds." This would be the last match on grass between <mask> and Gonzales, with <mask> holding a lifetime edge on grass over Gonzales of 21 matches to 14. With little energy left he lost the semifinal to Rosewall in two straight sets. <mask> played for an eight-week period on the pro tour in 1967, and then retired permanently from regular competitive tennis play. Open era 1968–1973
Back problems plagued <mask> throughout his career and forced his retirement from the tennis tour in October 1967 but the advent of the Open Era enticed him to make sporadic appearances at tournaments. <mask> lost in the final of the Irish Championships at Dublin in July 1968 to Tom Okker in straight sets, hampered by a thigh injury. In November 1969, <mask> won the Dewar Cup Aberavon singles title, part of the Dewar Cup indoor circuit, defeating Mark Cox in the semifinal and Bob Hewitt in the final, both wins in two straight sets.At the 1970 Italian Open, he lost in the third round in four sets to Alex Metreveli. At the 1970 French Open, he defeated Charlie Pasarell in four close sets, and reached the


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 fourth round before succumbing to eventual finalist Željko Franulović. At Wimbledon that year he lost in the second round to Ismail El Shafei. <mask> won his final tennis tournament title in singles on 7 August 1971, the Playmon Fiesta 71, on red clay at Benidorm, Spain. He defeated Antonio Muñoz in the semifinal and Manuel Santana in the final by identical scores of 9–7, 6–3. This would mark a twenty-year span during which Hoad won men's singles titles in tennis, between the ages of 16 and 36, dating back to the Brisbane tournament of August 1951. In spring 1972, <mask> played the doubles final at Italian Open with Frew McMillan against Ilie Năstase and Ion Ţiriac.<mask>/McMillan led 2–0 in sets but retired at 3–5 down in the fifth set in protest of the poor light conditions and the antics of the Rumanian pair. At the end of June, at the age of 37, <mask> made his final Wimbledon appearance losing in the first round to Jürgen Fassbender in four sets. <mask>'s final match was a first round loss to Jurgen Fassbender in Johannesburg in November 1973. From 1970 to 1974, <mask> was the coach of the Spanish Davis Cup team. According to research done for a 1970 British Pathé documentary film about Hoad's tennis ranch, Hoad had "made about GBP 350,000 as a professional". Per a 1977 newspaper interview, “Throughout his career, Hoad earned a total of £250,000, less than many pros collect in a year now. He received £150 for his Wimbledon victories; the payoff now is £17,500.”

Career summary

<mask>'s win/loss ratio for 1956 in all matches was 114/129 or 88%.His win ratio in 1958 was 41% (winning 64 of 155 matches). However, <mask>'s win rates on the


texts: world championship tour that year (36/87 or 41%) and in the 1959 four-man tour (68%) compare favourably to Rosewall's percentages on the 1957 world championship tour (34%) and on the 1960 four man tour (56%). In the 1959 Ampol Open Trophy tournament series, <mask>'s winning percentage was 71% (36/51) compared to Gonzales' 72% (26/36) and Rosewall's 62% (26/42). Gonzales defaulted three Ampol tournaments and played 15 fewer matches than <mask> in the tournament series. For the 1959 season as a whole, <mask> had a 24 to 23 edge in wins against Gonzales, a consistency which surpasses any other opponent of Gonzales during his world champion years. <mask>'s lifetime edge over Gonzales on grass was 21 wins to 14 losses (60%). Hoad trails Rosewall lifetime in grasscourt matches, 17 to 27, Hoad's results declining after 1961.<mask> was 15 wins and 18 losses against Rosewall lifetime in grass court tournament play (1951–1967). <mask> was 17 wins and 21 losses lifetime on clay against Rosewall, and 10 wins and 13 losses lifetime on clay against Trabert. Lifetime on all surfaces, primarily indoor, Hoad trails Gonzales 78–104 and trails Rosewall 51–84. In the five Tournament of Champions events from 1957 to 1959 in which both players were entered, <mask> held a 3 to 2 edge over Gonzales in head-to-head play, all on grass. On the head-to-head tours of the era (1958, 1959, 1961), Hoad compiled 57 wins and 68 losses against Gonzales, the best head-to-head showing of any pro against the reigning champion Gonzales. In the 1959 Ampol series, <mask>'s record was 3 wins and 5 losses against Gonzales. However, <mask> was more consistent than Gonzales against the


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 other ten players in the Ampol series, winning 33 of 43 matches (77%), while Gonzales won 21 of 28 (75%), and this gave <mask> the overall victory in the series.<mask> won six tournaments compared to Gonzales' four, and he had 6 wins and 2 losses against Rosewall on the 1959 Ampol series, while Gonzales had 1 win and 3 losses against Rosewall. <mask> had a 15–13 edge over Gonzales in their meetings on the 4-man championship tour of 1959, but <mask> was deprived of overall victory on this tour because he was less consistent than Gonzales when facing the rookie pros, Mal Anderson and Ashley Cooper. <mask>'s combined record against the rookies was 27–7 compared to Gonzales’ 34–0. <mask> was a dominant doubles player. He won nine Grand Slam doubles titles, including one Mixed doubles title, and a Career Grand Slam in men's doubles. <mask> won 21 major men's doubles titles over 14 seasons (eight Grand Slam, thirteen Pro Slam), a pre-Open era record, shared with Rosewall. He also won the 1959 Forest Hills TOC doubles title.Rosewall won 24 major men's doubles titles over 20 seasons, and Mike Bryan won 18 over 15 seasons. <mask> and Rosewall together as a doubles team won 15 major doubles titles (six Grand Slam plus nine Pro Slam), one fewer than the Bryan brothers at 16. <mask> and Trabert won four major doubles titles together (three French Pro, one Wembley Pro) plus the 1959 Forest Hills TOC doubles title. <mask> won a record seven French Pro men's doubles titles, and consecutively. Playing style

Strength of arm and wrist played an important part in <mask>'s game, as he often drove for winners rather than rallying and waiting for the "right"


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 opportunity, though he also had the skill to win the French Championships on the slower clay court. <mask> played right-handed and had a powerful serve and groundstrokes. <mask>'s game was reported to lack consistency in some accounts.At times <mask> had difficulty maintaining concentration. According to Kramer, "<mask> had the loosest game of any good kid I ever saw. There was absolutely no pattern to his game.... He was the only player I ever saw who could stand six or seven feet behind the baseline and snap the ball back hard, crosscourt. He'd try for winners off everything, off great serves, off tricky short balls, off low volleys. He hit hard overspin drives, and there was no way you could ever get him to temporise on important points." <mask> was runner-up for the Australian junior table tennis championship in 1951, and developed strong wrists and arms through heavy weight-lifting regimes.<mask> would use wrist strength in his strokes to make last split-second changes in racquet direction. He would saw off about an inch from the ends of his racquet handles, which were short to begin with, and move the grip higher to wield his racquets as if they were ping-pong bats. <mask> would use wrist action to give heavy topspin to his groundstrokes. Assessment

By journalists

In The Encyclopedia of Tennis (1973) veteran sportswriters Allison Danzig and Lance Tingay as well as tennis coach, writer and former player Harry Hopman listed their personal choices of the ten greatest players in tennis history. Only Tingay included <mask> in his list, ranking him in fifth position, behind Tilden, Budge, Laver and Gonzales. Max Robertson, tennis author and


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 commentator, rated <mask> as the best post-war Wimbledon player, followed by Gonzales and Laver, in his 1977 book Wimbledon 1877–1977. In his second book about Wimbledon, Wimbledon-Centre Court of the Game (1981) his list was unchanged but in the second edition in 1987 he listed <mask> second behind Boris Becker.In 100 Greatest of All Time, a 2012 television series broadcast by the Tennis Channel, <mask> was ranked the 19th greatest male player, just behind fellow Australian John Newcombe at 18th, and just ahead of tour promoter Jack Kramer, who had signed <mask> to the professional ranks, at 21st, and <mask>'s longtime tennis rival Gonzales at 22nd. In 2016, tennis journalist Richard Evans stated that in his judgment <mask> was the greatest player in the world before the emergence of Federer, and "was without question the strongest man who ever played the game." In 2017, tennis journalist Shuvam Chakraborty stated that "winning the biggest titles has always been a hallmark of greatness for players throughout the ages. But for [the] old pros, if you ask them who the greatest player of their day was, they will all say one man – <mask> <mask>." And "compared to some of his contemporaries, <mask>’s resume may not stand out. However, his peaks might have been the highest of all time. His peers would certainly agree with that."By players
In a 1963 article in World Tennis, Rosewall judged Gonzales to be a notch above <mask> but stated that "...the latter is the greatest of all time when he is 'on'. ", an opinion echoed by Frew McMillan. In 2010, Rosewall rated <mask> at the top of his personal list of the top four greatest tennis players of all time,

masks: Hoad Hoad Hoad Hoad Hoad Hoad Lew Hoad Hoad Hoad Hoad


texts: ahead of Gonzales, Laver, and Federer. However, in 2017, Rosewall was asked the question in Italian publication Corriere della Sera if he believed Roger Federer was the greatest of all time and he replied "there is no doubt. I challenge anyone to argue otherwise". In 2007, Butch Buchholz rated <mask> as the greatest player of his era, but said he was "injury prone and not exactly a model of fitness". Buchholz stated that "If you had an Earth vs. Mars match, and had to send one man to represent the planet, I would send <mask>."Buchholz had played the undercard matches on <mask>'s 1961 British tour against Gonzales, and <mask>'s 1963 Australian tour against Laver. In July 1961, Gardnar Mulloy rated <mask> as the greatest player of the time, based on his results against Gonzales, and named <mask> as the favourite to win a prospective open Wimbledon. Gonzales stated that <mask> was the toughest, most skillful adversary that he had ever faced and stated in a 1995 interview that "He was the only guy who, if I was playing my best tennis, could still beat me.". "I think his game was the best game ever. Better than mine. He was capable of making more shots than anybody. His two volleys were great.His overhead was enormous. He had the most natural tennis mind with the most natural tennis physique." In a 1970 interview he stated that "<mask> was probably the best and toughest player when he wanted to be. After the first two years on the tour, his back injury plagued him so much that he lost the desire to practice. He was the only man to beat me in a head-to-head tour, 15 to 13." In a 1975 issue of Sports Illustrated, Arthur Ashe was quoted as relating a


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 remark which Pancho Gonzales had said to him, "If there was ever a Universe Davis Cup, and I had to pick one man to represent Planet Earth, I would pick <mask> <mask> in his prime." Fred Perry in 1978 ranked Hoad in an elite group, placing Borg among Kramer, <mask>, Gonzales and Vines as the greatest players of all time.Don Budge stated, “If <mask> <mask> was on, you may as well just go home or have tea, because you weren’t going to beat him.”

Kramer had a negative assessment of <mask>'s consistency. Although Kramer ranked him one of the 21 best players of all time, albeit in his second echelon, he also writes that "when you sum Hoad up, you have to say that he was overrated. He might have been the best, but day-to-day, week-to-week, he was the most inconsistent of all the top players." Kramer compared <mask> to Ellsworth Vines. "Both were very strong guys. Both succeeded at a very young age.... Also, both were very lazy guys. Vines lost interest in tennis (for golf) before he was thirty, and <mask> never appeared to be very interested.Despite their great natural ability, neither put up the outstanding records that they were capable of. Unfortunately, the latter was largely true because both had physical problems." Kramer had a positive evaluation of <mask>'s game at peak, “When Lew felt like playing, man, he was really something. I never saw anybody who could snap the ball back hard off both sides from way behind the baseline for winners the way he did.” Kramer stated in 1981, "Everybody loved <mask>, even Pancho Gonzales. They should put that on <mask>'s tombstone as the ultimate praise for the man.... Even when <mask> was clobbering

masks: Lew Hoad Hoad Lew Hoad Hoad Hoad Hoad Hoad Hoad Lew Hoad


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 Gonzales, Gorgo wanted his respect and friendship." <mask> gave his own rankings in a 1980 interview, ranking Emerson and Borg at the top in terms of major tournaments won.However, <mask> claimed that "the only way to really assess players is to play them", rating Gonzales as the best player of those whom he had played against. Rod Laver in 2012 rated <mask> as the greatest player of the 'past champions' era of tennis, while rating Federer as the greatest player of the Open Era. Laver described <mask>'s strengths of "power, volleying and explosiveness" as justification of his accolade. In July 2012, when Federer won his seventh Wimbledon singles championship, Laver said "Roger Federer certainly is my claim to be the best of all time if there is such a thing" and in January 2018, at the Australian Open won by Federer, Laver said "For me, I think Roger Federer is certainly the greatest player that has come along" and "He's stood the test of time – that's probably the one thing that puts you in that category of the best ever." However, in a January 2019 interview, Laver stated that <mask> was "the best player who ever held a racquet. He had every shot in the book and he could overpower anyone. He was so strong."Pancho Gonzales made a similar remark about <mask>, "He was such a strong son****...when he tried, you just couldn't beat him. He hit the ball harder than anyone I ever played." Personal life

<mask> proposed to his girlfriend, Australian tennis player Jenny Staley, on her 21st birthday party in March 1955 and they planned to announce their engagement in June in London while both were on an overseas tour. After arrival in London Jenny


texts: discovered that she was pregnant and the couple decided to get married straight away. The marriage took place the following day on 18 June 1955 at St Mary's Church, Wimbledon, in London, on the eve of Wimbledon fortnight. They had two daughters and a son. After announcing his retirement in 1967, due to persistent back problems, <mask> moved to Fuengirola, Spain, near Málaga, where he and his wife owned and operated a tennis resort, <mask>'s Campo de Tenis.For more than thirty years they entertained personal friends such as actors Stewart Granger, Sean Connery, Richard Burton, Peter Ustinov, Deborah Kerr and her husband  writer Peter Viertel, actor Kirk Douglas, singer Frank Sinatra and saxophonist Stan Getz. <mask>'s son Peter stated, "My dad was extremely well connected." In September 1978, <mask>'s back problem was successfully treated with spinal fusion surgery, and he was relieved of pain. There had been two ruptured discs and a herniation. The doctor asked one of <mask>'s friends, "How on earth did this man walk, let alone play tennis?" In a 1980 interview, <mask> claimed that "my back is marvelous now....it's absolutely perfect now." <mask> was diagnosed with a rare and incurable form of leukaemia on 13 January 1994 which caused his death on 3 July 1994.Press reports of a heart attack were incorrect. <mask>'s personal physician specialist was his own son-in-law Dr. Manuel Benavides, who explained the cause of death. A book co-written with Jack Pollard and titled My Game ("The Lew Hoad story" in the USA) was published in 1958. In 2002, Pollard teamed up with his widow, Jenny, to write My Life With Lew. <mask> was inducted into the

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 International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, in 1980 and in December 1985 was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame. In January 1995 he was posthumously inducted into the Tennis Australia Hall of Fame together with friend and rival Ken Rosewall. The ITF organises a seniors tournament in his honour called The Lew Hoad Memorial ITF Veterans Tournament, which is hosted by the Lew Hoad Campo de Tenis.The Kooyong Classic at Kooyong Stadium, the principal warm-up event for the Australian Open, awards the Lew Hoad Memorial Trophy to the winner of the men's singles. Kooyong stadium was the site of some of <mask>'s greatest victories. The <mask> Reserve in Sydney and the Lew Hoad Avenue in Baton Rouge, Louisiana are named after him. Performance timeline

Singles
<mask> joined the professional tennis circuit in 1957 and as a consequence was banned from competing in 42 Grand Slam tournaments until the start of the Open Era at the 1968 French Open. Grand Slam and Pro Slam finals

Singles

Grand Slam finals (4–2)

Pro Slam finals (0–7)

Doubles: 13 (8 titles, 5 runner-ups)

Mixed doubles: 4 (1 title, 3 runner-ups)

Other important finals

See also
Overall tennis records – Men's Singles

Notes

References

Sources

Biographies

External links

 Hoad vs. Rosewall, 1955 NSW final, White City, Sydney-newsreel
 <mask> vs. Sirola, 1956 German final, Hamburg, at 8:20-newsreel
 Hoad df. Rosewall, 1959 Roland Garros 3rd place-newsreel
 Lew Hoad Tennis and Paddle Club

Australian Championships (tennis) champions
Australian Championships (tennis) junior champions
Australian expatriates in Spain
Australian male tennis players
French Championships

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 (tennis) champions
People from Fuengirola
Tennis players from Sydney
International Tennis Hall of Fame inductees
United States National champions (tennis)
Wimbledon champions (pre-Open Era)
1934 births
1994 deaths
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's singles
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in mixed doubles
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's doubles
Deaths from leukemia
Professional tennis players before the Open Era
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in boys' singles
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in boys'


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<mask>, DO (August 6, 1828 – December 12, 1917) was the founder of osteopathy and osteopathic medicine. He was also a physician and surgeon, author, inventor and Kansas territorial and state legislator. He was one of the founders of Baker University, the oldest four-year college in the state of Kansas, and was the founder of the American School of Osteopathy (now A.T. Still University), the world's first osteopathic medical school, in Kirksville, Missouri. Early life and interests
<mask> was the son of a Methodist minister and physician. At an early age, <mask> decided to follow in his father's footsteps as a physician. After studying medicine and serving an apprenticeship under his father, he entered the Civil War.He served as a hospital steward assigned to Company F of the Cass County Home Guard of the Missouri Cavalry (Union), but later stated in his autobiography that he served as a "de facto surgeon." Despite biographical accounts of him earning an MD there appears to be no record that he was ever conferred one. At the time, the hospital stewards of the Army had many responsibilities, including maintaining hospital stores, furniture, and supplies for the sick. Since pharmacists were not provided for the hospitals, the hospital stewards also filled prescriptions, and when the medical officers were not present, they took care of the patients. Hospital Stewards were sometimes rewarded with promotions to surgeon or assistant surgeon. In his autobiography <mask> says he served in the Civil War in Company F of the 9th Kansas Cavalry. His military service record for the Missouri regiment says that his company was transferred to the 9th Kansas Infantry, not cavalry, but that the transfer was made "without proper authority."The judge advocate general then orders that these men not be given credit for this unauthorized service. After the Civil War and following the death of his wife, three of his children, and an adopted child from spinal meningitis in 1864, <mask> concluded that the orthodox medical practices of his day were frequently ineffective and sometimes harmful. The use of Calomel, also known as mercury chloride, was one such medical

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 practice <mask> took particular issue with. At the time, there were no standardized dosages for the drug so practitioners of heroic medicine would often deliver dosages that were too large, resulting in mercury poisoning. <mask> devoted the next thirty years of his life to studying the human body and finding alternative ways to treat disease; his methods involved meticulous anatomical dissection to discover its structure and, therefore, function. This involved exhuming corpses which, while controversial, was a widespread practice among many medical schools in the United States and abroad during that time. During this period, he completed a short course in medicine at the new College of Physicians and Surgeons in Kansas City, Missouri, in 1870.<mask> adopted the ideas of spiritualism sometime around 1867, and it "held a prominent and lasting place in his thinking." Kansas territorial and state legislator
<mask> was active in the abolition movement and a friend and ally of the Free State leaders John Brown and James H. Lane. He became deeply embroiled in the fight over whether Kansas would be admitted to the Union as a slave state or a free state. The Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854 provided that the settlers in those two territories would decide the question for themselves. Civil war raged in Kansas as both sides tried to gain control of the territorial government. In October 1857, <mask> was elected to represent Douglas and Johnson counties in the Kansas territorial legislature. <mask> and his brothers took up arms in the cause and participated in the Bleeding Kansas battles (between the pro and anti-slavery citizens).By August 1858, a free-state constitution had been passed; Kansas was admitted to the Union as a free state on January 29, 1861. Inventor and patents
<mask> was fascinated by machines, and whenever faced with a mechanical problem, his answer was always to devise a better approach. In the 1870s, he patented an improved butter churn. He made improvements to a mowing machine designed to harvest wheat and hay, but before a patent could be submitted, his idea was stolen by a visiting sales representative from the Wood Mowing Machine Co.

masks: Still Still Still Still Still Still Still


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 In 1910, he patented a smokeless furnace burner but had "some difficulty producing a full-sized working model. Heartbroken after his wife, Mary Elvira's, death in May 1910, he did not have the will to pursue the matter further, and the invention was never successfully marketed." Baker University

Still and his family were among the founders of Baker University in Baldwin City in 1858, the first four-year university in the state of Kansas.<mask> was involved in selecting the location for the site of Baker University's first building. Along with his brother, <mask> donated 640 acres of land for the university campus. While maintaining his medical practice, where he treated patients afflicted with small-pox and cholera, <mask> spent five years building the facilities. Osteopathy

<mask> believed that osteopathy was a necessary discovery because the current medical practices of his day often caused significant harm and conventional medicine had failed to shed light on the etiology and effective treatment of disease. At the time <mask> practiced as a physician, medications, surgery and other traditional therapeutic regimens often caused more harm than good. Some of the medicines commonly given to patients during this time were arsenic, castor oil, whiskey and opium. Additionally, unsanitary surgical practices often resulted in more deaths than cures.Dr. <mask> sought to reform existing 19th-century medical practices. Still investigated alternative treatments, such as hydropathy, diet, bonesetting, and magnetic healing. Still found appeal in the relatively tame side effects of those modalities and imagined that someday "rational medical therapy" would consist of manipulation of the musculoskeletal system, surgery and very sparing use of drugs, including anesthetics, antiseptics and antidotes. He invented the name osteopathy by blending two Greek roots osteon- for bone and -pathos for suffering in order to communicate his theory that disease and physiologic dysfunction were etiologically grounded in a disordered musculoskeletal system. Thus, by diagnosing and treating the musculoskeletal system, he believed that physicians could treat a variety of

masks: Still Still Still Still Still Still


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 diseases and spare patients the negative side-effects of drugs. Still founded the first school of osteopathy based on this new approach to medicine - the school was called the American School of Osteopathy (now A.T.Still University) in Kirksville, Missouri, in 1892. <mask> was also one of the first physicians to promote the idea of preventive medicine and the philosophy that physicians should focus on treating the disease rather than just the symptoms. <mask> defined osteopathy as:

In a 1907 interview by the Topeka Daily Capital newspaper, A.T<mask>'s son, <mask>, D.O., described his father's philosophy that the body would operate smoothly into old age, if properly maintained and that every living organism possessed the ability to produce all the necessary chemicals and materials to cure itself of ailments. <mask> published four books during his life. His first book, published in 1897, was entitled Autobiography of <mask> <mask> with a History of the Discovery and Development of the Science of Osteopathy. A revised edition of the book was re-published in 1908 after a fire damaged the original printing plates.In 1899, <mask> published his second book, Philosophy of Osteopathy. <mask> published his third book, The Philosophy and Mechanical Principles of Osteopathy, with publication date 1902, and copyright date 1892. He published Osteopathy Research and Practice, his fourth and final book in 1910. See also

 S. S<mask>—nephew of <mask> <mask>, and an osteopath on the faculty of A. T. Still University

References

Additional references

External links

 Still National Osteopathic Museum, Kirksville
 Autobiography of A. T. <mask>, 1897
 Philosophy of Osteopathy 1899 (HTML)
 Philosophy of Osteopathy, 1899, from Project Gutenberg
 Autobiography of A. T. <mask> Revised Edition, 1908

1828 births
1917 deaths
19th-century American physicians
19th-century American scientists
American Civil War surgeons
. American osteopaths
American spiritualists
Baker University people
People from Baldwin City, Kansas
People from Kirksville, Missouri
People from Lee County, Virginia
People of Kansas in the American Civil War
Members of the Kansas Territorial

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Sir <mask>re of Rowallan (1594–1657) was a Scottish writer and politician. Early life

<mask>re was born in 1594, the son of Sir <mask>re of Rowallan (1576–1639), an estate near Kilmarnock in Ayrshire, his mother was Elizabeth Montgomerie, daughter of Hugh Montgomerie (d. 1558), the Laird of Hessilhead, and sister of the poet Alexander Montgomerie of Hessilhead Castle near Beith. His grandfather, also Sir <mask> of Rowallan (1547–1616), had three daughters and three sons, <mask> of Rowallan, John Mure of Blacklaw, who was slain at Beith, and <mask> of Skirnalland, of which his father, Sir <mask>re of Rowallan, was the eldest. The Mure family was one of the oldest of the order of gentry in Scotland, and his ancestor, Elizabeth Mure, was the first wife of King Robert II of Scotland (1316–1390), and the father of King Robert III. Career
Mure's early, unpublished works appear to date from 1611 to 1617,  and include love-lyrics (the tunes to which they are to be sung are specified in several cases), eleven miscellaneous sonnets, a ‘Hymne’ beginning 'Help, help, O Lord! sueit saviour aryse', in a complex verse form presumably reflecting an existing song melody, and Dido and Aeneas, a paraphrase of Aeneid IV, probably written in 1614. In 1617, Mure composed 114 lines welcoming King James VI and I to Hamilton on 28 July, and this piece was published the following year as part of the large commemorative volume The Muses Welcome, edited by John

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 Adamson.Political career
In 1639, upon his father's death, Mure inherited his father's title, Laird of Rowallan, and thereafter lived in Rowallan Castle. Mure was a member of the Scottish parliament in 1643, and took part in the English campaign of 1644. He was wounded at the Battle of Marston Moor, but a month later was commanding a regiment at Newcastle. Later works

The rest of Mure's poetic output is quite different in nature, and expresses his deep commitment to Calvinism and, latterly, to the presbyterian model of kirk government. It has been suggested that the shift in Mure's poetic focus may have been prompted by his reading of Francis Hamilton's  King James His Encomium (Edinburgh, 1626). Mure could equally well have been influenced by his local minister, the strongly presbyterian Glasgow graduate and neo-Latin poet Michael Wallace, who had become minister of Kilmarnock in 1610. His Carmen Panegryricum welcoming James VI and I to Paisley on 24 July 1617 visit was, like Mure's welcome to Hamilton, included in The Muses Welcome of 1618, and there is no question that Wallace and Mure were well acquainted.In 1628, at Edinburgh, Mure published A Spirituall Hymne or The Sacrifice of a Sinner to be offred upon the Altar of a humbled heart Christ our Redeemer. Inverted in English Sapphicks from the Latine, i.e. translation of the Ayrshire theologian Robert Boyd of Trochrig's Hecatombe Christiana...ad Christum Servatorem: the terminally ill


texts: Boyd had published the Hecatombe the previous year, with a dedication to his cousin Bishop Andrew Boyd. Mure followed his paraphrase of Robert Boyd with his own lengthy meditation on the Last Judgement, entitled ‘Doomes-Day containing Hells horrour and Heavens happinesse’, to which he appended the three sonnets entitled ‘Fancies Farewell’. In these last, Mure repented of his Muse's ‘Houres mis-employed, evanisht as a dreame’ and ‘younger yeares, youthes sweet Aprile mispent’. In 1629, Mure published the 3236 lines of The True Crucifixe for True Catholikes, a sustained denunciation of Roman Catholicism. The preliminary paratext consists of a sonnet by Drummond of Hawthornden, Latin verses by John Adamson, John Gellie and Michael Wallace, and ten vernacular couplets by Walter Forbes.Mure appended a postliminary sequence of ten spiritual sonnets, possibly inspired by the example of James Melville, who concluded A Spirituall Propine of a Pastour to His People (1598) with a series of ten sonnets. Mure's final sonnet, ‘To the Blessed Trinity’, is an echo of the first sonnet in Melville's sequence, namely ‘Svpreame, essence, beginner, vnbegon’; but the latter itself stands in an ambiguous relationship to the sonnet ‘Supreme Essence, beginning Vnbegun’ by Mure's uncle Alexander Montgomerie. The influence of James Melville's The Black Bastel, or A Lamentation in name of the Kirk of Scotland (written 1611, published in 1634) is unmistakable in Mure's