texts:
 cases, this begins with the lack of official recognition of their birth: around 40% of the developing world's five-year-old children are not registered as even existing."The Commission completed its work in July 2008. "Working as a spokesman for the former Secretary of State was an honor and a privilege, but more importantly I hope the work we did at the Commission will touch the lives of countless persons living in poverty throughout the world, particularly in my native continent of Africa,"  said Shamapande in a presentation at a Vony Conference. " Personal life
<mask> Shamapande is the son of 2001 Zambian Presidential candidate, Dr. Yobert Shamapande. Dr. Shamapande is the former Director of the United Nations Office in South Africa, and author of a book on poverty titled, Why Bother About the Poor. <mask>'s brother is Suni Shamapande, who is a vice president at Sears Holding. Shom Shamapande is a Adjunct Professor at Howard University and is an Emmy Award-winning producer. <mask> Shamapande taught for two years at Duke Ellington School of the Arts in the Literary Media and Communications department.A student, who shall not be named as they are underage, was a very annoying snitch. His favorite movie is The Devil Wears Prada. References

External links
 Newsday Article, <mask> Shamapande acquitted
 Zambian Brain Drain
 United Nations Association Newsletter appointment of new members of board (Winter 2005)
 Commission on the Legal Empowerment of the Poor (Global Launch Press Release)
 Why Bother about the Poor? By Dr. Yobert Shamapande

American political consultants
American lobbyists
New York (state) Democrats
Political staffers
Living people
School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University alumni
Year of birth

masks: Shomwa Shomwa Shomwa Shomwa


type: original

texts:
<mask> (16 November 1926 — 13 March 2002), better known as <mask>, was an Indian film producer, director, and screenwriter. With a career spanning decades, <mask> has been credited as a major trendsetter in the history of Hindi cinema. For example, he directed Yaadon Ki Baraat (1973), which created the Hindi language masala film genre that defined Hindi cinema in the 1970s and 1980s, and he wrote and produced Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (1988), which set the Hindi language musical romance template that defined Hindi cinema in the 1990s. Akshay Manwani wrote a book on <mask>sain. Career

Early career
<mask> first worked with Qamar Jalalabadi when he joined Filmistan as a writer in 1948. The famous films he wrote for Filmistan include Anarkali (1953), Munimji (1955), and Paying Guest (1957). Filmistan was the breakaway studio from Bombay Talkies; it used mid-budget formula productions and sold on star value and music.Sashadhar Mukherjee was a part of the breakaway team, and he gave <mask>a Nahin Dekha to direct. The film made a star of Shammi Kapoor. Kapoor and <mask> made another hit, Dil Deke Dekho (1959), for Filmalaya, the breakaway group of Filmistan. The film introduced Asha Parekh, who would be the lead in all of <mask>'s films until Caravan (1971). He was also in a long romantic relationship with her, but it ended because he was already a married man with two children, and Parekh didn't want to be labeled a homewrecker. <mask>'s wife was Margaret Francina Lewis, an assistant choreographer he met at Filmistan. They married and then she changed her name to Ayesha Khan.She worked as an

masks:
Mohammad Nasir Hussain Khan
Nasir Hussain
Hussain
Hussainsir Hu
Hussain
Hussain Tums
Hussain
Hussain
Hussain


texts:
 assistant choreographer on some of his productions. He outlived his wife. Own production
<mask> then set up Nasir Hussain Films and turned producer-director. He made musical hits like Jab Pyar Kisi Se Hota Hai (1961), Phir Wohi Dil Laya Hoon (1963), Teesri Manzil (1966), Baharon Ke Sapne (1967), Pyar Ka Mausam (1969), Caravan (1971), Yaadon Ki Baraat (1973), and Hum Kisise Kum Naheen (1977). <mask>, Majrooh Sultanpuri, and R.D. Burman collaborated on Teesri Manzil, Baharon Ke Sapne, Pyar Ka Mausam, Caravan, Yaadon Ki Baraat and Hum Kisise Kum Naheen. <mask> wrote and produced the musical cult hit Teesri Manzil.Vijay Anand directed the film, which starred <mask>'s regular actors Shammi Kapoor and Asha Parekh. Originally Dev Anand was signed for the film but due to differences with <mask> he opted out and Kapoor was cast. He also hired R.D. Burman for the first time to compose the songs ("O Haseena Zulfonwali", "O Mere Sona Re", "Deewaana Mujhsa Nahin", "Tumne Mujhe Dekha", "Aaja Aaja Main Hoon Pyaar Tera"). After the songs became evergreen hits, Burman would compose for all of <mask>'s films for the next 19 years, ending with Zabardast (1985). <mask>'s Yaadon Ki Baraat was written by Salim–Javed, who had written Zanjeer the same year. Both films dealt with the hero wanting to avenge his father's death, and both featured Ajit as the villain.Yaadon Ki Baraat has been identified as the first masala film. Late career
As Zamane Ko Dikhana Hai (1981), Manzil Manzil (1984) and Zabardast (1985) all flopped, <mask>'s son Mansoor Khan took over the reins of Nasir Hussain Films, although <mask>

masks: Hussain Hussain Hussain Hussain Hussain Hussain Hussain Hussain Hussain


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 continued to write scripts and dialogues for films like Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (1988) and Jo Jeeta Wohi Sikander (1992). In Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak, he introduced his nephew Aamir Khan as a hero. Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak was a milestone in the history of Hindi cinema, setting the template for Hindi language musical romance films that defined Hindi cinema in the 1990s. <mask> received a special Filmfare Award in 1996 for his contribution to Hindi cinema. <mask> died in Mumbai on 13 March 2002 following a heart attack. After his death, Asha Parekh stated in an interview that she had not seen him the last year of his life, as he became reclusive because of his wife's death.Associations
<mask> had several "favourites" with whom he worked repeatedly. The first was mentor Sashadhar Mukherjee, for whose Filmistan Studio <mask> wrote and directed his earlier films. Sashadhar's brother Subodh Mukherjee directed two films that <mask>ji and Paying Guest. Both films had Dev Anand as the hero and S.D. Burman as the music composer. <mask> cast Dev Anand in his own first production, Jab Pyar Kisi Se Hota Hai. Pran was also a constant villain in Ziddi, Love in Tokyo, Paying Guest and Phir Wohi Dil Laya Hoon.<mask> also produced a film and cast his mentor Sashadhar's son Joy Mukherjee in Phir Wohi Dil Laya Hoon. <mask> used Majrooh Sultanpuri in 10 of his productions, apart from working with him in Paying Guest. <mask> directed Shammi Kapoor in his early hits and created Shammi's image with films like Tumsa Nahin Dekha and Dil Deke Dekho as well as his later production Teesri Manzil. Actor Rajindernath

masks: Hussain Hussain Hussain Hussain Hussainm Hussain Hussain Hussain Hussain


texts:
 was a fixture in almost all of his early productions. He was in Dil Deke Dekho (1959), Jab Pyar Kisise Hota Hai (1961), Phir Wohi Dil Laya Hoon (1963), Baharon Ke Sapne (1967), Pyar Ka Mausam (1969), Zabardast (1985) and Zamaane Ko Dikhana Hai (1981). One of his longest associations was with leading lady Asha Parekh, from Dil Deke Dekho, through Jab Pyar Kisise Hota Hai, Phir Wohi Dil Laya Hoon, Teesri Manzil, Baharon Ke Sapne, Pyar Ka Mausam until Caravan. After a gap of 13 years, she did a cameo in his film Manzil Manzil (1984).He worked with R.D. Burman in 9 films from Teesri Manzil, through Baharon Ke Sapne, Pyar Ka Mausam, Caravan, Yaadon Ki Baraat, Hum Kisise Kum Naheen, Zamane Ko Dikhana Hai, Manzil Manzil and Zabardast. <mask> also collaborated with writer Sachin Bhowmick, comic Wasti, and editors Babu Lavande and Gurudutt Shirali in many of his films. <mask>'s wife was assistant choreographer Ayesha Khan and she worked on several of his films:  Baharon Ke Sapne, Hum Kisise Kum Naheen

Awards and nominations
Filmfare Best Movie Award - "Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak" (1988)
Filmfare Best Screenplay Award - Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (1988)
Filmfare Best Movie Award – Jo Jeeta Wohi Sikandar (1992)
Filmfare Special Award (1996)

Filmography

As director

As producer

As writer for others

References

External links

Film producers from Madhya Pradesh
20th-century Indian film directors
Hindi-language film directors
Indian male screenwriters
Indian Muslims
1926 births
2002 deaths
Artists from Bhopal
Filmfare Awards winners
20th-century Indian screenwriters
20th-century Indian male

masks: Hussain Hussain


texts:
<mask> (  438–430 BC) was a member of the ancient patrician gens Julia. He was one of the consular tribunes of 438 BC, magister equitum in 431, and consul in 430 BC. Family
<mask> was the son of Vopiscus <mask>, who had been consul in 473 BC, and grandson of the <mask> who had been consul in 489. His uncle Gaius was consul in 482 BC, and the <mask> who was consul in 447 and again in 435 was his cousin. He was the father of <mask>, consular tribune in 401 and 397 BC. The Sextus <mask> who was consular tribune in 424 might have been <mask>' younger brother, or perhaps a cousin. Career

Consular tribune
The year before his election, Rome suffered through a severe grain shortage, and in order to forestall famine, a wealthy plebeian merchant named Spurius Maelius, who had purchased large stores of grain, sold it to the people at a low price.The patrician <mask> Augurinus, who was praefectus annonae, or president of the grain market, accused Maelius of conspiring to overthrow the state, and <mask> Cincinnatus was nominated dictator to deal with the emergency. Cincinnatus summoned Maelius to appear before him and answer the charges, and when he refused the merchant was cut down by Gaius Servilius Ahala, the magister equitum. To the plebeians, the accusation and killing of Maelius was nothing short of the murder of someone who had come to their aid, and they refused to permit the election of consuls for the following year. In place of consuls, three men were elected consular tribunes: Mamercus Aemilius Mamercinus, whom Livy calls "a man of high distinction", received the most votes, probably reflecting the confidence the plebeians had in his even-handedness, followed by <mask> Cincinnatus, son of the dictator, presumably representing the aristocratic party, and <mask> Iulus. During their year of office, the Latin city of Fidenae, long dominated by Rome, gave its allegiance to the Etruscan Lars Tolumnius, King of Veii. Four

masks:
Lucius Julius Iullus
Lucius
Julius Iulus
Gaius Julius Iulus
Gaius Julius Iulus
Lucius Julius Iulus
Julius Iulus
Lucius
Lucius Minucius
Lucius Quinctius
Lucius Quinctius
Lucius Julius


texts:
 envoys were sent to the Fidenates to demand an explanation, and were murdered, ostensibly on the orders of Tolumnius. The breaking of the alliance and murder of the Roman envoys prompted the Senate to declare war against Veii and its allies, although hostilities would not begin until the following year.The Romans were victorious, and Tolumnius was slain in battle. Magister equitum
Seven years later, as Rome was emerging from one of its periodic epidemics, word arrived from Rome's neighbors, the Hernici, that the Aequi and Volsci were rising in arms, and fortifying a position on Mount Algidus. According to some of Livy's sources, the consuls, Titus Quinctius Cincinnatus Pennus and <mask> Mento, engaged the Aequi and Volsci at Mount Algidus and were defeated. Either because of this, or the general state of disarray at Rome, in which the consuls were in perpetual disagreement, a group of moderates urged the tribunes of the plebs to pressure the consuls to name a dictator. The Senate was opposed to this plan, but even as they railed against the presumption of the tribunes to compel the consuls to take action or face imprisonment, Quinctius and Mento preferred to throw in their lot with the people than with the Senate. Predictably, the consuls could not agree on a candidate, and so the choice fell to Quinctius by lot. He nominated his father-in-law, Aulus Postumius Tubertus, who named <mask> Iulus his master of the horse.Postumius ordered the Latins and Hernici to raise troops, while he assembled a Roman army. When all three forces were ready, the dictator marched for the enemy camp, leaving the Magister Equitum and the consul <mask> to defend the city. The battle was extremely fierce; the dictator was wounded in the shoulder, while his cousin, Spurius Postumius Albus, who had been consul the previous year, left the field when his skull was fractured by a rock. The consul Quinctius lost an arm in the fighting, and Marcus

masks:
Gaius Julius
Lucius Julius
Julius


texts:
 Fabius Vibulanus, who in charge of the cavalry, had his thigh pinned to his horse by a lance. But the Romans were victorious, and all of the surviving enemies except for their senators were sold into slavery. Consul
In the following year, 430, <mask> was elected consul, together with Gaius Papirius Crassus, over the opposition of the tribunes of the plebs, who had sought to elect consular tribunes instead. During their year of office, the Aequi sent a delegation to the Senate, requesting a treaty, and were granted an eight-year truce.The Volsci were occupied by internal dissension, and so Rome was at peace. The domestic harmony was threatened, however, when the censors, <mask> and Publius Pinarius, levied numerous fines, payable only in cattle under the terms of the Lex Aternia Tarpeia of 454 BC, thereby depriving numerous citizens of their cattle in order to enrich the state. The plebeian tribunes intended to propose a law converting the fine from one that was literally pecuniary to one payable in money, a measure that the people greatly desired. But when one of the tribunes informed the consuls of this plan, <mask> and Papirius anticipated the scheme by proposing the law themselves, thereby depriving the tribunes of what might have been seen as a victory over the patricians. See also
Julia gens

Footnotes

References

Bibliography
 Titus Livius (Livy), Ab Urbe Condita (History of Rome). Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica (Library of History). Marcus Tullius Cicero, De Republica.Barthold Georg Niebuhr, The History of Rome, <mask> Hare and Connop Thirlwall, trans., John Smith, Cambridge (1828). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, William Smith, ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1849). T. Robert S. Broughton, The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, American Philological Association (1952). 5th-century BC Roman consuls
Magistri equitum (Roman Republic)
<mask> consul
Roman consular

masks:
Lucius
Lucius Papirius
Lucius
Julius Charles
Lucius


texts:
<mask> (: <mask>; ) (October 30, 1775 – May 10 (OS April 28), 1840), born <mask>, was an Italian composer, organist and conductor settled in Russia. He played an important role in the history of Russian opera and was the father of <mask>. <mask> is celebrated in Russian musical history as the man who composed the opera Ivan Susanin in 1815, 20 years before Mikhail Glinka's opera of the same name. The plot, based on an episode from Russian history, tells the story of the Russian peasant and patriotic hero Ivan Susanin who sacrifices his life for the Tsar by leading astray a group of marauding Poles who were hunting him. Early years and family
<mask> was born in Venice, Italy, on October 30, 1775. His father, <mask>, was the Primo Ballerino Assoluto (lead male ballet dancer) and director of the La Fenice theatre in Venice. <mask> studied under Francesco Bianchi.At the age of twelve, <mask> composed a cantata to celebrate Leopold II's arrival in Venice. At fourteen he was offered the post of organist to St Mark's Basilica, but refused the position, allowing the post to be given to an older, impoverished musician. Russian years
In his early twenties, <mask> accepted a position as conductor of the Italian operatic company Astariti, and traveled with the company to St. Petersburg in 1797. The company was soon disbanded, but <mask> had fallen in love with St. Petersburg, and entered the service of the Imperial Theatres, at first as composer for a French opera troupe with the responsibility to write music for the opera-vaudevilles. In 1803 the Emperor appointed <mask> Kapellmeister of Italian and Russian opera, placing him in charge of the Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre. He also served as a professor at the Saint Catherine School, and

masks:
Catterino Albertovich Cavos
Catarino Camillo Cavos
Catarino Camillo Cavos
Alberto Cavos
Cavos
Cavos
Alberto Giovanni Cavos
Cavos
Cavos
Cavos
Cavos
Cavos


texts:
 later occupied the same place in the Smolny Convent. He began composing his own operas in 1805.These included: Knyaz-nevidimka (The Invisible Prince) (1805), Ilya Bogatyr (Ilya the Hero) (1807), Zephyre et Flore (1808), Ivan Susanin (1815), and The Firebird (1822). He also contributed to the second part of the opera tetralogy Rusalka (1803-1807). The Cossack as Poet, a one-act vaudeville (1812), remained in the repertory until 1852. John Warrack wrote of <mask>' work:
<mask>'s operas draw on Russian subjects. Ilya Bogatyr, for which the fabulist Ivan Krylov wrote the libretto, is a Romantic magic opera continuing the line of Catherine's Fevey text and anticipating Glinka's Ruslan and Lyudmila. A few, such as The Firebird (1822), treat the Oriental themes that had become fashionable with Russia's expansion, and thus also anticipate Ruslan and Lyudmila and Borodin's Prince Igor. Cavos's main librettist, however, was Alexander Shakhovskoy, Director of the Imperial Theatres.Shakhovskoy's text for The Cossack Poet (1812) invokes the patriotic sentiments of the times, and so, even more, does his text for Ivan Susanin (1815), a "rescue opera" owing much to French example. When Glinka's own opera about Ivan Susanin...was produced in 1836, it was <mask> who conducted; but though <mask> generously declared that his work was now superseded, it [Ivan Susanin] continued in the repertoire until 1854. <mask>' opera Ivan Susanin is regarded as the first Russian opera: the plot is based on real Russian historical fact, he included in the music the Russian folk melodies, for the first time a Russian peasant became the main character on the Opera stage - not a mythical character, not a tsar or a commander. For the first time an attempt was

masks: Cavos Cavos Cavos Cavos Cavos


texts:
 made to enter the theatre of the opera stage of the specific features of Russian life. However, in Russian musical literature, the analysis of this opera are devoted to only two articles (up to the present time) - of Abram Gozenpud and of Viktor Korshikov. Russian music critic Abram Gozenpud (1908 - 2004) considered that this opera was unsuccessful because it is not shown in the main: the feat of the hero. Real Ivan Susanin died from enemies, and the opera was a happy end (author of libretto is Alexander Shakhovskoy, ru: Александр Александрович Шаховской).Viktor Korshikov (Vitaly Peskov’s stepson) is full of sarcasm: "Shakhovskoy changed the finale: his Susanin not die the death of the hero, and wanders with the Polish detachment through the woods from tree to tree in different parts of the scene and waits, when comes Russian detachment kill poles and frees him. Susanin of Shakhovskoy himself explains his feat along the way to fellow villagers : „I will walk with the guests, and you call Russian soldiers, they will come, will kill all enemies and they'll take me at home". And Susanin was walking with very friendly polite enemies across the expanses of the scene. Of course, such a naive interpretation of images and heroes and enemies could not satisfy the sense of Patriotic consciousness, it did not reach the expected tragic pathos. Therefore, a new musical creation on the same topic was required"

But both critics celebrate the musical successes of the opera, especially in the chorus melodies. Viktor Korshikov writes: "The choral song of peasants is beginning to Russian choral style, which was subsequently used Glinka, Rimsky-Korsakov, and Borodin and reached its zenith in the works of Mussorgsky. In this snippet,


texts:
 introduced principles of folk supporting voices, bass, which before were considered ornament for choir, led the main melody.This is a unique case for the beginning of the 19th century". The work in question, based on the tale of Ivan Susanin, was Glinka's epoch-making A Life for the Tsar. (another name for this Glinka's opera is Ivan Susanin, too). Mikhail Glinka took his creation A Life for the Tsar in the Petersburg Imperial theatre, in which the Department of opera was headed by <mask>. <mask> immediately adopted a new opera. Moreover, <mask> himself conducted the orchestra at the premiere of the opera A Life for the Tsar December 9 (November 27) 1836. Both opera with one plot – of <mask> and of Glinka – were included in the repertoire of the Bolshoi Kamenny theater in St. Petersburg for many years simultaneously.Singer Osip Petrov (a pupil of <mask> <mask>) sang the role of Ivan Susanin in both operas (the first singer of Ivan Susanin in the <mask> opera was a pupil of <mask> Cavos Piotr Zlov). <mask> acquainted the Russian public with the operas of Luigi Cherubini, Étienne Méhul, Carl Maria von Weber, and others. <mask> spent more than forty years in Russia and died in St Petersburg. Professional legacy and descendants
Orlando Figes says of him:In 1803 the Emperor Alexander took control of the public theatres and placed <mask> in charge of the Bolshoi Kamenny, until then the only public opera house and exclusively reserved for Italian opera. <mask> built the Bolshoi Kamenny into a stronghold of Russian opera. He wrote works such as Ilya Bogatyr (1807) on heroic national themes with librettos in Russian, and his music was strongly influenced by Russian and Ukrainian folk songs. Much of Glinka's operatic music, which

masks: Cavos Cavos Cavos Cavos Catterino Cavos Cavos Catterino Cavos Cavos Cavos Cavos


texts: the nationalists would champion as the foundation of the Russian tradition, was in fact anticipated by <mask>.The 'national character' of Russian music was thus first developed by a foreigner. <mask>' wife, Camilla Baglioni (1773-1832), was a coloratura soprano who gained fame as an opera singer in the late 18th century. Opera was in Camilla's blood; three of her sisters and two of her brothers also had careers as opera singers. Arguably, the most successful member of the Baglioni family was Camilla's brother, Antonio Baglioni. Antonio served for nearly a decade (1787-1795/6) as the leading tenor in Domenico Guardasoni's opera troupe. In 1787, Antonio created the role of Don Ottavio in Don Giovanni in a performance personally conducted by the opera's composer, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Four years later, Antonio created the role of Tito in another opera composed and conducted by Mozart, La clemenza di Tito.This was a great honor, as only a handful of singers had multiple operatic roles written expressly for them by Mozart. <mask> and Camilla's eldest son, <mask> "Alberto" <mask> (1800-1863), was an architect best known for his theatre designs, having built Russia's two most iconic theatres, the Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg (1859–1860) and the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow (1853–1856). Albert's daughter Camilla married Nicholas Benois, a prominent Russian architect, and became the matriarch of the Benois family. Her descendants included: Alexandre Benois artist and founder of Mir iskusstva, painter Zinaida Serebriakova, sculptor and graphic artist Eugene Lanceray, architect Leon Benois, and actor Sir Peter Ustinov. <mask> and Camilla's younger son, <mask> "Giovanni" <mask> (1805-1861), received musical training and served

masks:
Cavos
Cavos
Cavos
Albert Catterinovich
Cavos
Cavos
Ivan Catterinovich
Cavos


texts:
 thirty years in the Imperial Theatres in St. Petersburg, holding various positions, including Director of Orchestras, Director of Italian Opera, and Inspector of the Smolny Institute. <mask>' daughter, Stefanida, taught music at the Smolny Institute from 1822 to 1837, before marrying an Italian named Corrinini, and settling in Venice. Operas
 Soliman second, ou Les trois Sultanes one-act vaudeville after Charles Simon Favart, June 7 [OS Mai 26] 1798 St. Petersburg.(Also with Russian libretto: Suliman vtoroi, ili Tri sultanshi – Сулиман второй или три султанши, 1813)
 Les Trois bossus (Three Brothers Crouchbacks)
 L'Alchimiste
 L'Intrigue dans les ruines
 Le Mariage d'Aubigny
 Lesta, dneprovskaya rusalka (May 17 [OS May 5], 1804, St Petersburg, Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre) by Ferdinand Kauer with the additional music by <mask> and Stepan Davydov. In connection with the dismissal of Charles Didelot for staging by another choreographer Alexis-Scipion Blache a composer Hippolyte Sonnet (Sonneu, Sonneux ?) composed his music. CDs
The Golden Age of Russian Guitar, Vol.2CD: Ovchinnikov, Oleg Timofeyev, D. Kushenov-Dmitrievsky, Andrei Osipovich Sychra, <mask> <mask>

Notes

References
 Mercier, J.: "Notice nécrologique sur <mask> Cavos" (St Petersburg, 1849). Aloys Mooser, R.: "Un Musicista Veneziano in Russia: <mask> <mask> (1775-1840)", Nuova Rivista Musicale Italiana III/1 (1969) 13-23. External links
Classical Composers
 Operone
 Biography (Russian)

Italian classical composers
Italian male classical composers
Italian opera composers
Male opera composers
Russian classical composers
Russian male classical composers
Italian conductors (music)
Italian male conductors (music)
Musicians from Venice
1775 births
1840 deaths
Burials at

masks: Cavos Cavos Catterino Cavos Catterino Catterino Cavos


texts:
<mask> is an Indian immunologist, nano-technologist and a professor at the interdisciplinary biotechnology unit of the Aligarh Muslim University. Known for his studies on nanotechnology-based vaccine and drug delivery, <mask> is the author of two books, Trypanothione reductase: a potential anti-leishmanial drug target and Antimicrobial properties of clove oil: clove oils as antimicrobial agent. He has also co-edited two books, Modern Phytomedicine: Turning Medicinal Plants into Drugs and Combating Fungal Infections: Problems and Remedy, and has contributed chapters. His studies have also been documented by way of a number of articles and ResearchGate, an online repository of scientific articles has listed 60 of them. He is a recipient of the Rashtriya Gaurav Award of the India International Friendship Society. The Department of Biotechnology of the Government of India awarded him the National Bioscience Award for Career Development, one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to biosciences in 2007. His work has been displayed on cover pages of FEMS Immunol.Med Microbiology for all the issues of Year 2006 and Molecular Medicine in May–June issue of Year 2007. Education and career
Owais did his undergraduate and post-graduate studies in Pharmacy from Delhi University, India, after which he pursued his doctoral research from Institute of Microbial Technology

masks:
Owais Mohammad
Owais


texts:
 (IMTECH), one of premier biotechnology institutes in India and Panjab University, Chandigarh, under the mentorship of Prof. C. M. Gupta. Later, he joined National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA as Fogarty Post Doctoral Fellow, where he worked on HIV. During his stay at NIH, he demonstrated that the introduction of HIV-1 genome into PBMCs blocks the propagation of HIV-2 viruses. His work on the antiviral chemokine, RANTES established that the amino-terminal domain of the chemokine was not essential for its antiviral activity or for its binding to the CCR5 receptor. He is currently serving as a professor of biotechnology at Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, working in the area of drug delivery since his joining in 1998. Research
Besides active involvement in teaching modern biochemistry/biotechnology courses to M.Sc./Ph.D students, Owais has successfully established a small but active research group with focus on nanoparticle-based novel delivery systems including dendrimers/virosomes for gene packaging and liposomes, niosomes, microspheres and solid core lipid nano-particles for vaccine delivery, gene delivery, targeted drug delivery etc.; with a view to increase the efficacy and safety of encapsulated chemotherapeutic agents/subunit vaccines for some important infectious diseases. The research focus of Dr.


texts:
 Owais’s group has been on:
 Nanoparticles based antigen/DNA vaccine against various infectious diseases with special converges on intracellular pathogens. Novel nano-carriers for targeted delivery of encapsulated therapeutic agents (siRNA/drug of interest) for improved treatment of cancer and some imperative infectious diseases. Nanoparticles with assorted applications in the field of diagnostics, taste/odor masking and treatment of hyperbilirubinemia in model animals. Nano-carrier based vaccines: prophylactic measures against infectious diseases
Reckoning with the limitations of conventional vaccine, the main focus of Dr. Owais’s research endeavors has been to develop nano-vaccines against various infectious diseases of bacterial (tuberculosis, salmonellosis, listeriosis and brucellosis), protozoan (malaria, leishmaniasis) and fungal (candidasis and cryoptococcosis) origin. In general, specialized groups of pathogens adapt intra-cellular parasitism as a strategy to avoid antibody onslaught. Keeping into consideration the non-effectiveness of humoral immune response against such intracellular pathogens, Dr. Owais evaluated potential of fusogenic lipid based vaccines as an alternative prophylactic strategy.In this regard, he has compared lipid compositions of plasma membranes of both prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic cells. These studies established a correlation between the lipid


texts: compositions of plasma membranes of living organisms with evolutionary trend. Lipid isolated from lower organisms possesses strong fusogenic potential. He established that model antigens entrapped in liposomes made up of fusogenic lipids, can be delivered to the target cells including [[antigen-presenting cells, resulting in both the endo/lysosomal and cytosolic degradation pathways for antigen processing. The dual processing of antigens in the antigen presenting cells activated both the CD4+ T helper as well as CD8+  cytotoxic T cells. Further, he established that immunization with fusogenic liposomes resulted in expression of both IL-2 and IFN-γ, the two key cytokines that eventually help in protection against intracellular infections. Keeping in view that sperm-ova fusion during zygote formation is generally facilitated by specific lipid compositions of the two cell populations, he demonstrated the fusogenic attributes  of sperm plasma membrane lipids, and established the prophylactic potential of spermatosome based vaccines against various intracellular pathogens.As conventional egg phosphatidylcholine based liposomes are of limited application in activation of pathogen specific CTL response required for inhibiting intracellular pathogens, he developed non-phosphatidylcholine liposome as vehicle for delivery of antigens in prophylactic treatment of experimental leishmaniasis.


texts: Further, the liposome/niosome based vaccines were also found to be effective against malaria parasite. In addition, he has prepared archael lipid based liposomes and demonstrated their immunoadjuvant potential in model animals. Of note, the archaeosome based vaccine were used to mount long lasting memory response against experimental listeriosis. Further, Dr. Owais has highlighted interactions between two mycobacterial proteins viz. Rv3619 (RD9 family) and Rv3620 (CFP-10 analog). He demonstrated that Rv3619 protein disrupted the biomembrane and also evoked a strong immunological response.Moreover, it was revealed that nanoparticle mediated targeting of RD9 gene products to dendritic cells favors Th1 prototype of CD4+ T lymphocytes. He had successfully expressed L7/L12 ribosomal protein, SOD-IL-18 fusion protein of Brucella spp. and trypanothione reductase of Leishmania donavani. The recombinant proteins were used as potent subunit vaccines in protection studies. Liposome-based DNA vaccine developed by Dr. Owais has shown remarkable promise against experimental murine brucellosis. Besides introducing liposome, niosome and microsphere based novel particulate vaccines; Dr. Owais has recently employed an autologous plasma bead based dual antigen delivery system as a prophylactic strategy against intracellular infections. The liposome/microsphere entrapped antigen further co-entrapped


texts:
 in dual core fibrin beads based vaccine was shown to eliminate intracellular pathogens from systemic circulation.Targeted nano-delivery system
Liposomes have been widely considered useful as drug/enzyme/nucleic acid vehicles in therapy. However, their successful application was limited by their rapid lysis in blood, major uptake by the RES, and lack of availability of simple procedures for specific targeted delivery. The main emphasis of Dr. Owais has been therefore on addressing some of the problems associated with the liposomes as drug delivery systems. He demonstrated that covalent attachment of anti-erythrocyte F(ab')2 to the liposomes surface enables the liposomes to specifically recognize the erythrocytes in vivo and deliver their contents to these cells. It was further demonstrated that the entrapment of anti-malarial drugs like chloroquine (chq), in the antibody-coated liposomes increases the drug efficacy not only against the chq-sensitive but also against the chq-resistant malarial infections. Encouraged by these results, the liposomes were coated with F(ab')2 fragments of a monoclonal antibody which specifically recognized the malaria-infected erythrocytes (Patent No. 182550).The monoclonal antibody bearing liposomes with encapsulated chq were found to be highly effective in the treatment of chq-resistant experimental malaria. Awards and honors
He was awarded the Young


texts:
 Scientist Award (MYSA) in Life Sciences in 2002. Aligarh Muslim University bestowed him with Outstanding University Researcher Award in 2008 and again with the Best Teacher Award in 2009. The Department of Biotechnology (DBT) of the Government of India awarded him the National Bioscience Award for Career Development, one of the highest Indian science awards in 2007. In 2013, he received the TATA Innovation Award by DBT, Govt. of India and IIFS-Rashtriya Gaurav Award. Other notable awards include VIFRA Distinguished Research Scientist Award-2015 and Indus Research Excellence Award-2015.Owais is a member of editorial boards of several international journals including the Open Vaccine Journal (Bentham Press), BioMed Research International (Hindawi Publishing Group), Journal of Clinical Medicine Research (Academic Press), Journal of Chinese Clinical Medicine, Biomedical Research, World Journal of Critical Infectious Diseases (BPG Press), World Journal of Experimental medicine (BPG Press). Selected bibliography

Books

Selected publications

 Kaushik S, Iqbal N, Singh N, Sikarwar JS, Singh PK, Sharma P, Kaur P, Sharma S, Owais M, Singh TP. "Search of multiple hot spots on the surface of peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase: structural, binding and antibacterial studies". Biochem J. 2018, 475 (3):547-560. doi: 10.1042/BCJ20170666. Ahmad F, Zubair S, Gupta P, Gupta UD, Patel R, Owais M. Evaluation of


texts: Aggregated Ag85B Antigen for Its Biophysical Properties, Immunogenicity, and Vaccination Potential in a Murine Model of Tuberculosis Infection. Front Immunol.2017, 27;8:1608. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01608. eCollection  2017. Dinh T, Zia Q, Zubair S, Stapleton P, Singh R, <mask> M, Somavarapu S. Novel biodegradable poly(gamma-glutamic acid)-amphotericin B complexes show promise as improved amphotericin B formulations. Nanomedicine. 2017, 13(5):1773-1783. doi: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.02.003. Zia Q, <mask>, Rauf MA, Khan W, Zubair S. Biomimetically engineered Amphotericin B nano-aggregates circumvent toxicity constraints and treat systemic fungal infection in experimental animals. Sci Rep. 2017, 19;7(1):11873. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-11847-0.<mask>, Kaur J, Singh G, Faisal SM, Azhar A, Rauf MA, Gupta UD, Gupta P, Pal R, Zubair S. TLR Agonist Augments Prophylactic Potential of Acid Inducible Antigen Rv3203 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv in Experimental Animals. PLOS One. 2016, 29;11(3):e0152240. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152240. Tufail S, <mask> M, Kazmi S, Balyan R, Khalsa JK, Faisal SM, Sherwani MA, Gatoo MA, Umar MS, Zubair S. Amyloid form of ovalbumin evokes native antigen-specific immune response in the host: prospective immuno-prophylactic potential. J Biol Chem. 2015,13;290(7):4131-48. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M113.540989.Zia Q, Khan AA, Swaleha Z, <mask> M. Self-assembled

masks:
Owais
Mohammad O
Mohammad O
Owais
Owais


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 amphotericin B-loaded polyglutamic acid nanoparticles: preparation, characterization and in vitro potential against Candida albicans. Int J Nanomed. 2015, 5;10:1769-90. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S31565. Alam M, Zubair S, Farazuddin M, Ahmad E, Khan A, Zia Q, Malik A, <mask>. Development, characterization and efficacy of niosomal diallyl disulfide in treatment of disseminated murine candidiasis. Nanomedicine. 2013, 9(2):247-56. doi: 10.1016/j.nano.2012.07.004.Tufail S, Badrealam KF, Sherwani A, Gupta UD, Owais M. Tissue specific heterogeneity in effector immune cell response. Front Immunol. 2013, 27;4:254. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00254. Nanomedicine

 Khan AA, Jabeen M, Khan AA, Owais M. Anticancer efficacy of a novel propofol–linoleic acid-loaded escheriosomal formulation against murine hepatocellular carcinoma. Nanomedicine. 2013, 8(8):1281-94. doi: 10.2217/nnm.12.166. Alam M, Dwivedi V, Khan AA, <mask>. Efficacy of niosomal formulation of diallyl sulfide against experimental candidiasis in Swiss albino mice.Nanomedicine. 2009, 4(7):713-24. doi: 10.2217/nnm.09.60. Chauhan A, Zubair S, Nadeem A, Ansari SA, Ansari MY, <mask>. Escheriosome-mediated cytosolic delivery of PLK1-specific siRNA: potential in treatment of liver cancer in BALB/c mice. Nanomedicine,. 2014, 9(4):407-20. doi: 10.2217/NNM.13.21. J Antimicrob Chemother

 Khan MA, <mask> M. Toxicity, stability and pharmacokinetics of

masks:
Mohammad O
Mohammad O
Mohammad O
Owais


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 amphotericin B in immunomodulator tuftsin-bearing liposomes in a murine model. J Antimicrob Chemother.2006, 58(1):125-32. Khan MA, Jabeen R, Nasti TH, <mask>. Enhanced anticryptococcal activity of chloroquine in phosphatidylserine-containing liposomes in a murine model. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005, 55(2):223-8. Nasti TH, Khan MA, <mask> M. Enhanced efficacy of pH-sensitive nystatin liposomes against Cryptococcus neoformans in murine model. J Antimicrob Chemother.2006, 57(2):349-52. Khan MA, Nasti TH, Owais M. Incorporation of amphotericin B in tuftsin-bearing liposomes showed enhanced efficacy against systemic cryptococcosis in leucopenic mice. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005, 56(4):726-31. Biochim Biophys Acta

 Ahmad N, Arif K, Faisal SM, Neyaz MK, Tayyab S, <mask> M. PLGA-microsphere mediated clearance of bilirubin in temporarily hyperbilirubinemic rats: an alternate strategy for the treatment of experimental jaundice. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006, 1760(2):227-32.Deeba F, Tahseen HN, Sharad KS, Ahmad N, Akhtar S, Saleemuddin M, <mask>. Phospholipid diversity: Correlation with membrane–membrane fusion events. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005 May 20;1669(2):170-81. Younus H, <mask> M, Rao DN, Saleemuddin M. Stabilization of pancreatic ribonuclease A by immobilization on Sepharose-linked antibodies that recognize the labile region of the enzyme. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2001, 9;1548(1):114-20.

masks:
Mohammad O
Owais
Owais
Mohammad O
Owais


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 Vaccine

 Ahmad E, Fatima MT, Saleemuddin M, <mask> M. Plasma beads loaded with Candida albicans cytosolic proteins impart protection against the fungal infection in BALB/c mice.Vaccine. 2012, 6;30(48):6851-8. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.09.010. Ansari MA, Zubair S, Mahmood A, Gupta P, Khan AA, Gupta UD, Arora A, Owais M. RD antigen based nanovaccine imparts long term protection by inducing memory response against experimental murine tuberculosis. PLOS One. 2011;6(8):e22889. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022889. Singha H, Mallick AI, Jana C, Fatima N, <mask> M, Chaudhuri P. Co-immunization with interlukin-18 enhances the protective efficacy of liposomes encapsulated recombinant Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase protein against Brucella abortus.Vaccine. 2011, 24;29(29-30):4720-7. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.04.088. Mallick AI, Singha H, Chaudhuri P, Nadeem A, Khan SA, Dar KA, <mask> M. Liposomised recombinant ribosomal L7/L12 protein protects BALB/c mice against Brucella abortus 544 infection. Vaccine. 2007, 4;25(18):3692-704. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.01.066. Sharma SK, Farah D, Misra-Bhattacharya S, Bajpai P, Agarwal A, <mask>. Escheriosome entrapped soluble blood stage antigens impart protective immunity against a multi-drug resistant isolate of Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis in BALB/c mice. Vaccine.2006, 13;24(7):948-56. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.09.010. Chauhan A, Zubair S, Tufail S,

masks:
Owais
Owais
Owais
Mohammad O


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 Sherwani A, Sajid M, Raman SC, Azam A, <mask> M. Fungus-mediated biological synthesis of gold nanoparticles: potential in detection of liver cancer. Int J Nanomed. 2011;6:2305-19. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S23195. Int J Nanomed

 Farazuddin M, Dua B, Zia Q, Khan AA, Joshi B, Owais M. Chemotherapeutic potential of curcumin-bearing microcells against hepatocellular carcinoma in model animals. Int J Nanomed. 2014, 3;9:1139-52. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S34668.Ansari MA, Zubair S, Tufail S, Ahmad E, Khan MR, Quadri Z, <mask> M. Ether lipid vesicle-based antigens impart protection against experimental listeriosis. Int J Nanomed. 2012;7:2433-47. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S25875. Farazuddin M, Sharma B, Khan AA, Joshi B, <mask> M. Anticancer efficacy of perillyl alcohol-bearing PLGA microparticles. Int J Nanomed. 2012;7:35-47. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S24920. Chauhan A, Zubair S, Tufail S, Sherwani A, Sajid M, Raman SC, Azam A, <mask> M. Fungus-mediated biological synthesis of gold nanoparticles: potential in detection of liver cancer.Int J Nanomed. 2011;6:2305-19. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S23195. PLOS One

 Owais M, Kazmi S, Tufail S, Zubair S. An alternative chemical redox method for the production of bispecific antibodies: implication in rapid detection of food borne pathogens. PLOS One. 2014 Mar 17;9(3):e91255. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091255. Chauhan A, Zubair S, Sherwani A, <mask> M. Aloe vera induced biomimetic assemblage

masks: Owais Owais Owais Owais Owais


texts:
 of nucleobase into nanosized particles.PLOS One. 2012;7(3):e32049. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032049. Ansari MA, Zubair S, Mahmood A, Gupta P, Khan AA, Gupta UD, Arora A, Owais M. RD antigen based nanovaccine imparts long term protection by inducing memory response against experimental murine tuberculosis. PLOS One. 2011;6(8):e22889. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022889.See also

 Leishmania donovani
 Escherichia coli

Notes

References

External links

N-BIOS Prize recipients
Indian scientific authors
Living people
20th-century Indian biologists
Aligarh Muslim University faculty
Indian immunologists
Indian medical researchers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Scientists from Uttar Pradesh
Indian


texts:
<mask> (born in Karlsruhe on May 20, 1955) is a German novelist and poet. He studied in Munich and Vienna and obtained a PhD in philosophy in 1987. His first novel Aus Fälle/Zerlegung des Regenbogens. Ein Entwickelungsroman. (Drop Outs / Disassembling the Rainbow. An Entwickelungsroman) appeared that same year. His breakthrough came in 1997 with Weiberroman (Novel of Women) and in 2008 with his cruise ship satire In 180 Tagen um die Welt (Around the World in 180 Days).His lifetime passion to travel to foreign countries also influences his perception of his own culture, and provides a source of new ideas for his writing. <mask>'s London for Heroes. The Ale Trail – an ale tale emerged from his excursions to London's East End pubs while he was Writer in Residence at Queen Mary University of London in 2009. His books have been translated into French, Italian, Japanese and Chinese. His Next World Novella (Jenseitsnovelle) was translated by Anthea Bell, OBE and published by Peirene Press in 2011. <mask> has completed numerous book tours, including at the Edinburgh World Writers' Conference in August 2012 and the Belfast Festival at Queen's in October 2014. His collected poems were published by Hoffmann und Campe in 2018.He has won numerous awards including the Ernst-Hoferichter-Preis in 2009. Life
<mask> grew up in Munich and began writing aged sixteen when he was disappointed in love. He achieved his school-leaving certificate (Abitur) in 1974 at the Maria-Theresia-Gymnasium. His military

masks:
Matthias Politycki
Politycki
Politycki
Politycki


texts:
 service was with 541 Infantry Battalion in Neuburg an der Donau in 1974/75. He completed a training exercise as a military reserve in 1977, but from then on he refused further active duty. He was officially recognized as a conscientious objector on 21 December 1977. From 1975 to 1987, he studied German literature, philosophy, theatre- and communication studies at the Universities of Munich and Vienna and graduated in 1981 with a Magister degree.In 1987, he completed his PhD with Walter Müller-Seidel in Munich. His dissertation on Nietzsche as a subtle interpreter of the influence of tradition and contemporary value-ideals was entitled Umwertung aller Werte? Deutsche Literatur im Urteil Nietzsches. <mask> taught for three semesters as a tenured assistant professor at the Munich Insitut für Deutsche Philologie. His career as a freelance writer began in earnest in 1990, although he continued as a freelance editor for Munich Publishers C.H. Beck until 1999. He encouraged dialogue among writers, literary editors and critics as organizer of the annual "Untitled" conferences from 2000 to 2005 at Schloss Elmau in the Bavarian Alps.In 2011, he was curator of the Munich Literature Festival. <mask> is a member of the PEN Centre Germany and the Freie Akademie der Künste Hamburg in Hamburg. He lives in Hamburg and Munich. Literary work

Novels and short stories
<mask>'s first novel in 1987 Aus Fälle / Zerlegung des Regenbogens. Ein Entwickelungsroman. (Drop Outs / Disassembling the Rainbow. An

masks:
Politycki
Politycki
Matthias Politycki


texts: Entwickelungsroman) was experimental and echoed the writing style of Arno Schmidt and James Joyce.He was described as a "form-fixated avant-gardist". By the early 1990s, his sights were set on a "new readability" of German literature. He argued that "literature must be like rock music". After Weiberroman in 1997, <mask> acknowledged his identity as a writer from the "Generation of 1978" (Reinhard Mohr) that he distinguished from the 1968 Movement with its strong protest tradition. His book was described as a cult novel; it is regarded as a key text of Postmodern literature in Germany. After five months in the Caribbean, his constant quest to explore the experience of a clash between familiar and foreign cultures emerged in his 2005 Cuba novel, Herr der Hörner (Lord of the Horns). This was the tale of an enlightened European's fight for survival in a culture influenced by archaic rituals.The story was a "search for the exotic" as much as about the will to resist the belief-system of Palo (religion) and Santería religions, and a "culmination of Nietzsche's admired 'Dionysian worldview'". In 2006, Hapag-Lloyd invited <mask> to become a writer-in-(non)-residence on board its luxury passenger ship MS Europa. Ten years after his best-selling Weiberroman, <mask> matched its success with his 2008 picaresque novel In 180 Tagen um die Welt. This is the story of a "modern Simplicissimus" who describes "the rituals of the rich and the super-rich". His Next World Novella gives a poignant insight

masks: Politycki Politycki Politycki


texts: into the mind of his protagonist, an expert in Chinese studies Hinrich Schepp. Schepp's story begins with the discovery that his wife, Doro, suffered a fatal stroke while editing his manuscript. Her constant fear of death – the 'beyondness' of things (jenseits) – compels him to reassess their life together.However, he realizes, too late, that her eloquent criticisms of his forgotten manuscript also bring to light her hidden perception of their married life. As critic Rebecca Morrison explains, <mask> "leavens his grim tale with playful teasing of his reader's expectations". In his 2013novel Samarkand Samarkand, the carefully honed plot, which took about twenty-five years to create, shifts attention to the year 2026. The scene is set in legendary Samarkand, where Alexander Kaufner, a mountain ranger and frontier runner, embarks on a quest to find a mysterious cult place, a second Samarkand somewhere hidden high up in the mountains. The novel evolves a dark dystopia of the free West on the brink of collapse due to the aggression of Greater-Russia and the fundamentalist alliances of the Caliph of Baghdad. Kaufner's mission is to save the Western world from destruction. The critic Martin Halter commented that "Samarkand Samarkand is an immensely eloquent, oriental and vivid travelogue and adventure story that penetrates to the heart of darkness."Among <mask>'s literary role models – Laurence Sterne, Diderot, Gottfried Benn and Vladimir Nabokov – he recently acknowledged Ernest Hemingway as

masks: Politycki Politycki


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 an important influence for the "simplicity and reduction" of his own writing style. Essays
<mask>'s new hybrid genre of non-fictional literature became evident in 2015 with his 42,195, an autobiographical book about marathon running. His Schrecklich schön und weit und wild (Fearsomely Beautiful and Far and Wild) in 2017 was described as a "mix of philosophical essay and autobiographical field report" about "the past, present and future of travel". <mask>'s prolific newspaper articles are collected in two essay editions (1998 and 2007). He has voiced his view of the novel in German literature as an orientation map to the world in Relevanter Realismus, published as Was soll der Roman? (What Purpose for the Novel?) and, more focused on the growing controversy with other cultures, Weißer Mann – was nun?(What Now – White Man?). His standpoint on writing, which he compared to marathon running, was illustrated in a plenary lecture at the German Germanistentag in 2016. Programmatically entitled "Reduktion & Tempo", his talk was published in the Göttinger Sudelblätter (2017). Poetry
Politycki presented all of his many poetry collections on stage. In 1996–1997, he went on tour with Robert Gernhardt and their common lyrical program Wein, Weib und Gesang (Wine, Women and Song); in 2004–2005 he joined Hellmuth Opitz and Steffen Jacobs with Frauen. Naja. Schwierig (Women.Well Now. Difficult). Publisher Uwe Wittstock described him as "the greatest living linguistic gourmet among German poets".


texts:
 <mask>'s collected poetry edition Sämtliche Gedichte 2017–1987 was awarded NDR Book of the Month in June 2018. It is a collection of previously published monographs, sporadically released poems as well as a new poem cycle and contains an afterword by Wolfgang Frühwald. Awards
<mask>'s first novel Aus Fälle / Zerlegung des Regenbogens won the Civitas-Literaturpreis in 1987 and the Bayerischer Staatsförderpreis for literature in 1988. In 2009, he received the Ernst-Hoferichter-Preis of the city of Munich.He was awarded the Preis der LiteraTour Nord in 2010. In 2014, he became Writer in Residence in Osaka to celebrate the 25-year anniversary of the town-twinning of Hamburg and Osaka. That same year, he was Artist in Residence in St Moritz. He received the travel scholarship Literarischer Landgang of the Literaturbüro Oldenburg in 2015. As a recipient of a travel stipend of the Deutscher Literaturfonds and Sylt Foundation, in 2017 he travelled in Cambodia on the trail of the Khmer Rouge. In 2018, Schrecklich schön und weit und wild received the ITB BuchAward of the Internationale Tourismus Börse (ITB) Berlin. His excursion to China in September 2018 was as Writer in Residence on the invitation of the Shanghai Writers' Association.He accepted a new invitation from the Chinese Writers' Association and the Lu Xun Academy as Writer in Residence in Beijing in 2019. Publications
<mask>'s works have been translated into English, Irish, French, Italian, Japanese and Chinese. Available in English:

masks:
Politycki
Matthias Politycki
Politycki


texts:
 Next World Novella. (2011). (Tr from the German: Anthea Bell). Peirene Press London. Sphärenmusik, Music of the Spheres, Ceol na Sféar.Ausgewählte Gedichte – Selected Poems – Rocha Dánta. (2011). (Tr English Hans-Christian Oeser; Gaelige/Irish Gabriel Rosenstock). Coiscéim Dublin. Novels and short stories
 Meine Reise zum Tadsch Mahal (2018). Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg. .
 Samarkand Samarkand (2013). Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg. .
 Freischwimmer.Drei Erzählungen (2011). Svato Verlag, Hamburg. Mit 11 farbigen Linolschnitten von Svato Zapletal. Jenseitsnovelle (2009). Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg. . In 180 Tagen um die Welt. Das Logbuch des Herrn Johann Gottlieb Fichtl (2008).marebuchverlag, Hamburg. Herr der Hörner (2005). Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg. Das Schweigen am andern Ende des Rüssels (2001). Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg. Ein Mann von vierzig Jahren (2000). Luchterhand Literaturverlag, Munich.Weiberroman (1997). Luchterhand Literaturverlag, Munich. Der böse Einfluß der Bifi-Wurst. Ein End- und ein Nachspiel (1996). Verlag Ulrich Keicher (=Roter Faden 44), Warmbronn. Taifun über Kyoto (1993). Luchterhand Literaturverlag, Hamburg.Sonnenbaden in Sibirien. Dreiseitige Geschichten (1991). Verlag Ulrich Keicher (=Roter Faden 30), Warmbronn. Aus Fälle / Zerlegung des Regenbogens. Ein Entwickelungsroman (1987). Weismann Verlag, Munich. Poetry
 Sämtliche Gedichte 2017–1987 (2018).Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg. . Dies irre Geglitzer in deinem Blick. 111 Gedichte. (2015). Hoffmann und Campe,


texts:
 Hamburg. .
 Ägyptische Plagen. Gebirg und Wüste Sinai. 13 Gedichte.(2015). Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg. .
 Dieser schwüle Nachmittag damals. Vier Sorten Schmerz (Dreizehn Gedichte mit dreizehn Knispels ("Schokoküsse") von Felix Droese). (2015). Limitierter Privatdruck. Carl-Walter Kottnik, Hamburg. London für Helden.The Ale Trail – Expedition ins Bierreich (2011). Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg. . Die Sekunden danach. 88 Gedichte (2009). Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg. .
 Ratschlag zum Verzehr der Seidenraupe. 66 Gedichte (2003). Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg.Die zwei Arten, den Caipirinha zu bestellen. Ein Gedicht (2000). Verlag Ulrich Keicher (limitierter Sonderdruck), Warmbronn. Jenseits von Wurst und Käse. 44 Gedichte (1995). Luchterhand Literaturverlag, Hamburg. Die Wahrheit über Kaffeetrinker.Ein Gedicht (1993). Verlag Ulrich Keicher (limitierter Sonderdruck), Warmbronn. Im Schatten der Schrift hier. 22 Gedichte (1988). Weismann Verlag, Munich. Essays
 Haltung finden. Warum wir sie brauchen und trotzdem nie haben werden.(2019). Mit Andreas Urs Sommer. J.B. Metzler, Heidelberg. Literatur und Politik nach 1968 und in der Gegenwart. Ein Vortrag. (2019). Verlag Ulrich Keicher, Warmbronn.Schrecklich schön und weit und wild. Warum wir reisen und was wir dabei denken (2017). Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg. Reduktion & Tempo. Als Erzähler unterwegs im 21. Jahrhundert (2017). Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen.42,195. Warum wir Marathon laufen und was wir dabei denken (2015). Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg.


texts:
 Vom Verschwinden der Dinge in der Zukunft. Bestimmte Artikel 2006–1998 (2007). Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg. Marietta – die Idee, der Datensatz und der Strohhut.Schreiben und Schreiben-Lassen im Internet (2000). Franz Steiner Verlag (=Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur Mainz, Abhandlung No 1/2000 der Klasse der Literatur), Stuttgart. Die Farbe der Vokale. Von der Literatur, den 78ern und dem Gequake satter Frösche (1998). Luchterhand Literaturverlag, Munich. Editorship and miscellaneous
 Das Gedicht. Nr.20. Das Beste aus 20 Jahren – und für die nächsten 20 Jahre (2012). Jubiliäumsausgabe, mit A. Leitner. Weßling. .
 London, Signale aus der Weltmaschine (2011). Corso Verlag, Hamburg. .
 Marietta / Ein Mann von vierzig Jahren (1999) Dokumentation des ZDF-Projekts "Novel in Progress" auf der Homepage von Aspekte ZDF. CD Rom. ZDF Online / Luchterhand Literaturverlag, Munich (et al.).Hundert notwendige Gedichte. Und ein überflüssiges (1992) Luchterhand Literaturverlag, Hamburg, Zurich. Non-fiction books
 Umwertung aller Werte? Deutsche Literatur im Urteil Nietzsches (1989). De Gruyter, Berlin. Der frühe Nietzsche und die deutsche Klassik. Studien zu Problemen literarischer Wertung (1981).Münchner Hochschulschriften, Straubing. Audio books
 42,195. Warum wir Marathon laufen und was wir dabei denken (Hörbuch, gelesen von <mask>cki). (2015). erlesen.TV GmbH. Samarkand Samarkand (Sprecher: <mask>cki). (2013).Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg. London für Helden. The Ale Trail (Mit Peter

masks:
Matthias Polity
Matthias Polity


texts:
 Lohmeyer und Colin Soleman) (2011). Verlag Antje Kunstmann, Munich. Jenseitsnovelle (Mit Nina Petri) (2009). Radioropa/Technisat, Daun. Das Schiff.Erlebnisse einer Weltreise mit <mask> (2008). Hörbuch von Wolfgang Stockmann, Logbuchtexte und Erzähler: <mask>cki. Verlag Antje Kunstmann, Munich. Des Teufels Amulett (2007). Münchner Frühling Verlag, Munich. Frauen. Naja.Schwierig (Mit Hellmuth Opitz und Steffen Jacobs) (2005). Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg. Das Schweigen am andern Ende des Rüssels (2001). Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg. Ein Mann von vierzig Jahren (2000). Hörbuch Hamburg/Deutschlandradio, Hamburg. References

External links
  Official website of <mask>cki (mainly in German, but also containing videos and some examples of literary translations in English).Bibliography by and about <mask> in the catalogue of the German National Library. Short biography and information about literary works by <mask> at Literaturport. Short biography and reviews of literary works by <mask> at Perlentaucher. <mask> on the Literaturportal Bayern (Projekt der Bayerische Staatsbibiothek). <mask> reads from London für Helden on YouTube. Official YouTube channel of <mask>. 1955 births
Living people
German male novelists
German male poets
20th-century German non-fiction writers
20th-century German novelists
20th-century German poets
20th-century German male writers
21st-century German non-fiction writers
21st-century German novelists
21st-century German poets
21st-century German male writers
Writers from

masks:
Matthias Politycki
Matthias Polity
Matthias Polity
Matthias Politycki
Matthias Politycki
Matthias Politycki
Matthias Politycki
Matthias Politycki
Matthias Politycki


texts:
<mask> (1875–1956) was the first woman in the history of horse racing in Great Britain to be granted a license to legally carry out business as a bookmaker on a racecourse. Early life
<mask> is thought to have been born on 12 June 1875. She was the daughter of Arthur Bryden (d. 1897), a solicitor, of Broxmore House, Whiteparish, Wiltshire, and his wife Rosa Matilda, daughter of Sir Arthur Percy Cuninghame-Fairlie, 10th Baronet. In 1891 the family were living in Beauchamp Place. Reportedly, Vernet inherited £8,000 following the death of her father in 1897. When she was 21, she married Armyn Littledale Thornton, a stockbroker by profession on 2 November 1896. When she came of age, and having this capital of her own, she quickly developed a taste for gambling and a fondness for going to the racetrack as often as she could.Vernet was not yet a skilled enough operator of the kind she was later to become, gradually dissipating most of her inheritance in the process of her activities. Apparently, this was not a happy union from the outset, as the marriage ended in annulment in January 1905. As the marriage was annulled, in accordance with Matrimonial Causes Act 1857, both parties were free to marry again. Later in 1905 Vernet married another stockbroker, <mask>. She started divorce proceedings against him in November 1923, but they had lived separately for well over a decade. Bookmaking
At this time, Tote pool betting was not yet a feature of British racecourses, and the rough and tumble of the betting ring was very much a male preserve and socially out of bounds to the opposite sex. <mask> had noticed that many women wanted to bet.The problem was that for those women in the Tattersalls enclosure and grandstand areas wanting to place a small

masks:
Helen Monica Mabel Vernet
Helen Vernet
Robert Vernet
Helen Vernet


texts: wager, the only available bookmakers were to be found along the rails. And, because entry to such enclosures on a racecourse was more expensive than entry to the general public enclosures, bookmakers along the Tattersalls rails were less inclined to accept small bets, often refusing to accept stakes of less than a pound. Vernet began collecting small bets from women friends and acquaintances sometime between 1911 and 1912, in the members’ enclosure at race meetings throughout the home counties. Unfortunately, as word got around and demand for her services visibly increased, her illegal and unlicensed activities soon came to the attention of the authorities. She was duly "warned off", the procedure whereby a person of proven dubious character is banned from attending official racecourse meetings in Britain for a set period of time. Because word of her activities had got around, she was recruited by bookmaker Arthur Bendir, who had been running the Ladbrokes bookmaking firm since 1902. Under his direction, in 1913, Ladbrokes had established an office in the heart of London's Mayfair; the intention was to provide horse race betting for an elite clientele drawn from the ranks of the British aristocracy and upper classes who frequented the nearby exclusive gentlemen's clubs, including White's, Boodle's, the Carlton, the Athenaeum and the Royal Automobile Club.It was thought that because of Vernet's family social connections, she would be well placed to discreetly attract upper-crust female racegoers and then, by association, their equally well-heeled partners. During the First World War racing became less busy and in November 1914 Vernet became involved in the newly formed Volunteer Motor Mobilization Corporation (VMMC), organising motorcades


texts: to take wounded soldiers to convalescent hospitals or to the countryside. She was the VMMC’s honorary secretary, working out of the Ladbrokes offices on Old Burlington Street. The VMMC sourced cars that could be borrowed for outings for the injured soldiers. In the first six months of operation, the VMMC helped over 26,000 men, and was supported by patrons including the King, Edward VII. In 1919, racing took off once again and Vernet returned to bookmaking. Prior to 1961 and the Gaming and Betting Act that allowed off-course betting shops, all betting on an up-front cash basis was restricted to the racecourses.However, betting on the basis of a previously agreed credit settlement between the bookmaker and the client was not, an arrangement that was appropriate to the planned clientele. In his 1985 autobiography The Life and Secrets of a Professional Punter, Alex Bird, renowned British professional horse race punter of the post-war 1940s and 50s, profiled both Ladbrokes and Mrs Verney (as he called her) as follows ... In the late 1940s I did not think about opening an account with Ladbrokes. Their form was in a different league to the rest of the bookmaking world. They were not involved in the competitiveness of the ring. Their clients were mainly members of the aristocracy and without calling the odds, Ladbrokes representatives like Mrs Verney, a grey-haired dignified woman who looked about seventy if she was a day, were merely there to accept bets for very large amounts, without any fuss. Mrs Verney stood by the rails at Newmarket and no one would ever have guessed that in the hurly burly of the racetrack, she was taking bets.While other bookmakers shouted out their odds she hardly ever spoke. Under the guidance and tutelage of her


texts:
 mentor, Arthur Bendir, Vernet was made a partner in the firm in 1928 and was paid a reputed £20,000 per year in salary and commission as Ladbrokes' on-course rails representative. In 1939 she was living in Hove, Sussex. While never one to hoard money, she enjoyed an elegant and comfortable lifestyle that afforded Vernet the opportunity to eventually settle at 49 Eaton Place in London's Belgravia, and holiday regularly on the French Riviera where she liked to gamble at the casino tables. But nevertheless, she insisted on working almost until her death in 1956 at the age of 80, even to the extent of attending race meetings in a wheelchair pushed by her assistant, Alf Simmons, due to the crippling effects of arthritis. Death
<mask>t died on 30 March 1956 and while she did not die penniless, she did not die wealthy either. Given her taste for expensive living, and a love of taking chances, when she obtained money, she spent it, living life to her available means, if not occasionally above it.While there are apparently no photographs of <mask> in the public domain there is however a Punch cartoon of her, drawn by George Belcher, that dates from the mid-1930s. It depicts her and an accompanying male clerk ready to do business on some unnamed racecourse – the caption reads: "To see her standing on the rails – One woman in a world of males – Serene, as you hand your choice both ways – Far older than the odds she lays." Further reading

References

External links
 Legal interpretation (circa 1913) of the Betting Houses Act of 1853
 BBC announcement on the introduction of the Betting and Gaming Act of 1961
 Daily Telegraph newspaper article on the history of Royal Ascot
 Book review of "Ascot - The History" by Sean Magee

Bookmakers
1876

masks:
Helen Verne
Helen Vernet


texts:
<mask> is a New Zealand white supremacist best known for being jailed after publicly sharing the livestream of the 2019 Christchurch mosque shootings. His most recent arrest related to death threats made during the Convoy 2022 New Zealand protests. Before 2019
Prior to March 2019, <mask> was a Christchurch businessman, who owned a 'Nazi-themed insulation company' and had more than 30 previous criminal convictions for indecent assault, guns, drugs, burglary, and fraud. Conflicting statements on Daniel Laws shooting, 1998

In August 1998 a flatmate of Arps, Daniel Laws, was non-fatally shot by police when committing an offenses while high on dextromethorphan and carrying a shotgun. Arps made conflicting statements to two different press organisations. Indecent assault conviction, 1999
Amongst his earlier convictions, a news report published in 2019 included reference to "an indecent assault on a woman in 1999". Bankruptcy, 2001
Another news report in 2019, written after Arps' most prominent offending, described him as having been "previously made bankrupt in 2001".Offensive behaviour at Al Noor mosque, 2016

In 2016, Arps was charged with, and pled guilty to, 'offensive behaviour' for being part of a group that delivered pigs' heads and offal to a Al Noor Mosque in Christchurch. The mosque was collecting food donations to send to Fiji in the aftermath of Cyclone Winston and the animal remains were left in a box marked "Fiji". In a video of the crime taken by the offenders, Arps and another man give Nazi salutes and Arps says, "White power ... Bring on the cull." He was fined $800. Christchurch mosque shootings, 2019

On 15 March 2019

masks:
Philip Neville Arps
Arps


texts: there was a mass shooting in Christchurch targeting Muslims. The livestream of the shooting was quickly classified by David Shanks of the Office of Film and Literature Classification as 'objectionable' under the Films, Videos, and Publications Classification Act 1993 making it a criminal offense to possess or distribute it, and police took action against 13 people in relation to the video. Arps sent the video to 30 people, describing it as  'awesome' , and asked a friend to modify it by adding cross-hairs and a  'kill count.'When he was arrested he told police that he "could not give a fuck, mate" about the shooting victims. He was found guilty of distributing objectionable material. At one of his court appearances, Arps distributed copies of the 'Holocaust Handbooks' series by German holocaust denier Germar Rudolf to journalists and the public. In June 2019, <mask> was sentenced to 21 months in jail, with Massey University distinguished professor Paul Spoonley describing him as 'an unrepentant, hardcore white supremacist'. At his sentencing Judge Stephen O'Driscoll described Arps as "remorseless". <mask> himself agreed. His pre-sentencing report included matters that gave the judge "real concern", including Arps comparing himself to Rudolf Hess, Deputy Führer of Nazi Germany.Arps filed the first of two unsuccessful appeals against his sentence on the day he received it. While in prison he received death threats and was isolated for 23 hours a day. His sentencing and unsuccessful appeals were later referenced by the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the terrorist attack as part of its paper on hate crime. The Royal Commission of Inquiry

masks: Arps Arps


texts:
 into the shootings received a question from the public, asking whether Arps knew the shooter. The Commission reported "no evidence the individual knows <mask>s or that there was any other connection between them." Release on bail and subsequent charges
Arps was released on bail in January 2020. In August 2020 he was arrested and appeared in court after visiting a home brew store next door to Linwood Mosque.Charges were dropped, but in December he returned to court and a new condition was added to his release, preventing him from coming within 100m of the Linwood Islamic Centre. New bail-related charges were filed against Arps on January 8 2021. The Department of Corrections said, "The breach is in relation to failing to comply with the requirements of electronic monitoring." He was arrested again in March 2021, accused of sending obscene messages to a probation officer. Police opposed bail, but it was granted. On 18 February 2022 Arps appeared in the Christchurch District Court, again charged with breaching his release conditions. He refused to wear a mask or take a rapid COVID test, and told the court he was unvaccinated.A New Zealand flag was draped over his shoulder during his appearance. (He had been in court five days earlier on a separate matter relating to the Convoy 2022 New Zealand protest - see "Public execution" arrest, 2021 below.) <mask> was accused of abusing probation officers and failing to charge his GPS tracker. He was remanded on bail with the trial set to resume on June 16. "White supremicist" complaint
<mask> was called a "white supremacist" in a television piece filmed by Newshub journalist Patrick Gower and

masks:
Philip Arp
Arps
Arps


texts:
 broadcast on 30 June 2019. He submitted a complaint to the Broadcasting Standards Authority on the grounds that this label was "inaccurate and unbalanced". The BSA found that "we do not consider the issue of whether Mr Arps is a ‘white supremacist’ to be a controversial issue" and that Gower's words were "clearly a statement of analysis and opinion".Arps's complaint was not upheld. Activity after 2019

"Public execution" arrest, 2022
Arps was arrested in Picton on 11 February 2022 while travelling north to join the Convoy 2022 New Zealand protest in Wellington. According to media reports he had told people at a Christchurch petrol station that was on his way to a "public execution", and that  “I’ve been promising it, I’ll see you in seven to 10 years”. He also reportedly threatened to kill members of the public and police. He was charged with threatening to kill and using offensive language. Three days later, on Monday 14, he was granted bail with conditions including a ban on entering the greater Wellington area. His next hearing was scheduled for 22 April.Additional reading
 ARPS AND MEDIAWORKS TV LTD – 2019-073B (7 MAY 2020)
 R v Arps 2019 NZDC 11547
CA469/2019 2019 NZCA 592
CRI-2019-409-000079 2019 NZHC 2113
Arps v New Zealand Police
CRI-2020-409-000011 2020 NZHC 706
BENEFICIAL INSULATION INSTALLS GUARANTEED LIMITED (2442734) Registered
Addressing Hate Crime in New Zealand: A Separate Offence? (login required)
Hate speech and hate crime related legislation

References

1970s births
Living people
White supremacists
People from Christchurch
New Zealand businesspeople
New Zealand criminals
Holocaust deniers
Year of birth missing


texts:
<mask> (; ; born 27 November 1965) is a French politician who served as Member of the European Parliament, representing Île-de-France. Prior to her election, she held the cabinet post of Keeper of the Seals, Minister of Justice. She was a spokesperson for Nicolas Sarkozy during the French presidential election of 2007. After his victory, Sarkozy appointed her to his Government on 18 May 2007. She was elected mayor of the 7th arrondissement of Paris on 29 March 2008. Early life and education
<mask> was born on 27 November 1965 in Saint-Rémy, Burgundy to a Moroccan father, a bricklayer named Mbarek, and an Algerian mother, named Fatima-Zohra. She was the second child of twelve in an impoverished family, and she spent her childhood in Chalon-sur-Saône in Burgundy.Even though Dati was raised in a devout Islamic environment, she attended Catholic schools; <mask>'s own personal religious beliefs have been described as "unclear. She studied at the University of Burgundy, where she received a master's degree in Economics, and at Panthéon-Assas University, where she received a  Law degree. Career

Early beginnings
At the age of sixteen, Dati started working as a paramedical assistant. She then worked for three years as an accountant at Elf Aquitaine while at university. After meeting Jean-Luc Lagardère in 1990, <mask> entered the audit management team of Matra Nortel communication. She later spent a year in London at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, in the records management and archiving department. In 1994, she was an auditing supervisor and secretary-general of the bureau of urban development studies at Suez (then Lyonnaise des Eaux).From 1995 to 1997, she

masks:
Rachida Dati
Rachida Dati
Dati
Dati


texts:
 worked as a technical advisor at the legal management division of the Ministry of Education. In 1997, <mask> was admitted to the École nationale de la magistrature, a public educational institution which offers courses necessary to become a magistrate. Upon leaving in 1999, she became a legal auditor at the Bobigny tribunal de grande instance (high court). She went on to become judge for collective procedures at the  in Péronne and eventually an assistant to the attorney general of the Évry tribunal. Career in politics
In 2002, <mask> became Nicolas Sarkozy's advisor, working for him on an anti-delinquency project. In 2006, she joined the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP) party. On 14 January 2007, she was named spokesperson for Sarkozy on the day he was chosen as UMP candidate for the presidential elections of April 2007.After Sarkozy's victory on 6 May 2007, she was appointed Minister of Justice. Her rationalization of the court system was publicly opposed by judicial professionals. Later on, it was recognised by the French Court of Auditors as one of the most ambitious reforms of the judicial institution. When the Sarkozys' marriage began to break up, <mask> frequently went on official presidential trips to accompany Nicolas Sarkozy. On 23 January 2009, Sarkozy announced that <mask> would take the second position on the UMP candidate list for Île-de-France constituency in the European Parliament election in June 2009, to which she was elected. She left her post as minister after being elected as a European deputy. Career in the private sector
Soon after she left the government, in summer 2009, <mask> switched to law, becoming a junior magistrate and assistant

masks: Dati Dati Dati Dati Dati


texts:
 prosecutor.She also founded a consulting company called "La Bourdonnais consultant," which she had to dissolve at the beginning of 2010 to be able to resume the profession of lawyer, which she had to do by special dispensation (like other former magistrates). She sits on the editorial board of the French version of the Huffington Post, where she writes a weekly column about women's issues. On the local level, <mask> is the Mayor of the 7th district of Paris and Member of Paris City Council. On 9 February 2013, <mask> announced she was a candidate for mayor of Paris in the 2014 local elections but she later withdrew because "the press has already chosen Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet". Member of the European Parliament, 2009–2019
A member of the European People's Party group in the European Parliament, <mask> served on the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs and on the parliament's delegations for relations with the Mashreq countries, to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Union for the Mediterranean, and for relations with the Arab Peninsula. In parliament, <mask> was the Parliament's rapporteur on several texts dealing with countering terrorism and the prevention of radicalisation and recruitment of European citizens by terrorist organisations. Following the Charlie Hebdo shooting in 2015, she drafted a report into how to prevent the radicalisation of young Europeans.Her parliamentary work also included dealing with the prison systems and conditions in the European Union, and finding solutions to face the migration crisis with an EU common list of safe countries of origin. In the UMP's 2012 leadership election, <mask> endorsed Jean-François Copé. In the


texts:
 Republicans’ 2017 leadership election, Dati endorsed Laurent Wauquiez. In early 2019, she announced her plan to run for the Paris municipal election in 2020. Controversy
In early 2009, <mask> received an anonymous death threat accompanied by a 9mm-calibre bullet. Soon after <mask> left the government in 2009 to stand for the European Parliament, she was hired by the Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance as a legal adviser. In 2019, France's financial prosecutor launched an investigation into consulting fees she received from the alliance.In December 2013, French media reported that <mask> had received payments from French energy utility GDF-Suez. In early 2014, the President of the European Parliament Martin Schulz asked parliamentary services to look into conflict-of-interest concerns, but the inquiry was interrupted by the 2014 election campaign. At the same time, the French high authority for transparency in public life, France's anti-corruption watchdog, also opened a file on the case. In August 2021, <mask> was charged by France's financial crime unit with passive corruption and benefiting from abuse of power. on 27 September 2021, Arte TV reported how caviar diplomacy led to the rejection of the Aserbaidjan political prisoners report by the European Parliament in 2013. The rejection was due to bribed EU parliamentarians, and <mask> also stood out as one of the leading voices to reject the truth about a flawed democracy in Azerbaijan. Her Italian college Luca Volonté has already been sentenced for accepting bribes.Volontè received 2.4M Euro as bribes froma 30M bribe fund of the Aserbaidjan fund to thwart EU guidelines by bribing its institutions. Other activities


texts:
 PlaNet Finance, Member of International Advisory Board

Personal life
In September 2008, Dati announced that she was pregnant and would be a single mother. She revealed her pregnancy to a group of reporters who questioned her about mounting rumours. "I want to remain careful, because . . . I am still in the risky stage. I am 42", she was quoted as saying.Her daughter, Zohra, was born in early 2009. As the name of the father was not revealed, many names circulated in gossip magazines. However, in 2012, she started legal action against Dominique Desseigne, the chief executive of Groupe Lucien Barrière a casino market leader in France, Switzerland and Europe, to recognise paternity. In December 2012, a French court ordered Desseigne to undergo a paternity test to see if he fathered <mask>'s child. After Desseigne refused to undergo the test, a French court decision of 7 January 2016 ruled that Desseigne was indeed the father. In November 2016, she was listed as one of BBC's 100 Women. Distinctions
 : Grand Officer of the Order of Ouissam Alaouite (April 2010)
  Two Sicilian Royal Family: Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Francis I

References

External links

1965 births
Living people
People from Saint-Rémy, Saône-et-Loire
French Ministers of Justice
French people of Moroccan descent
French people of Algerian descent
MEPs for Île-de-France 2009–2014
MEPs for Île-de-France 2014–2019
21st-century women MEPs for France
Union for a Popular Movement MEPs
University of Burgundy alumni
French city councillors
Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas University alumni
The Republicans (France) MEPs
Women government ministers of France
Female justice ministers
BBC 100 Women
Mayors of an


texts:
<mask> (born August 17, 1966) is an American professional skateboarder who practices freestyle skateboarding and street skateboarding. He is considered the most influential street skater in the history of the sport, being credited for inventing numerous tricks, including the flatground ollie, kickflip, heelflip, impossible, and 360-flip. As a result, he has been called the "Godfather of Street Skateboarding". <mask> won his first world skateboard championship at the age of 14; over the following decade, he won 34 out of 35 freestyle contests, thus establishing the most successful competitive run in the history of the sport. Over the following years, he transitioned from freestyle to street skateboarding, adapting his accumulated freestyle skills to street and inventing or expanding upon additional tricks in the process, such as primo slides, dark slides, and casper slides. Mullen has appeared in over 20 skateboarding videos and has co-authored an autobiography, entitled The Mutt: How to Skateboard and Not Kill Yourself, with writer Sean Mortimer. Early life
Mullen was born in Gainesville, Florida.As a child, Mullen slept in boots designed to correct a severe pigeon-toe condition. Despite <mask>'s condition, "He had an incredible dexterity with his feet," said Phil Chiocchio, former owner of the Florida skatepark, Sensation Basin. Mullen began skateboarding at the age of ten, on New Years Day of 1977, after a neighborhood friend introduced him to a skateboard. He promised his strict father that he would cease skateboarding the first time he became seriously injured:

My dad wouldn't let me have a

masks:
John Rodney Mullen
Rodney Mullen
Mullen


texts:
 skateboard. He thought I'd get hurt and never get good, and the culture was bums, and I'd turn into one. He was a dentist, but before that he was military, and there were times you'd call him, 'Sir.' New Year's Day he had a drink and felt better, and the skate shop was open.I learned to skate in our garage. We lived in the country in Florida, it was sort of farmish, and there was no cement anywhere else. Vert skating was the kind of skating that was done in pools, where you could get airborne and be weightless. The other style, which is what I did, was called free style, which was tricks you could do on flat ground. Mullen practice in the garage of the family home while wearing a comprehensive protective pads setup, a precaution that was part of the deal with his father. He also spent time with his sister's surfer friends who skated on weekdays. He became obsessed with the skateboard and practiced for many hours on a daily basis.Professional skateboarding

In 1978, even though he had owned a skateboard for only just over a year, Mullen placed fifth in the Boy's Freestyle category at the US Open Championships at Kona Skatepark in Jacksonville, Florida. Skateboard manufacturer Bruce Walker saw his performance and sponsored Mullen through Walker Skateboards from 1978 to 1980. Mullen's biggest influence in skateboarding at the time was a Walker professional skateboarder, Jim McCall, who was coached in his early years by Walker (Walker also coached a young Kelly Slater). Mullen was also influenced in a positive manner by professional skateboarders from Florida including Ed Womble, George McClellan, Clyde


texts:
 Rodgers, Tim Scroggs, and Kelly Lynn. In later years, Mullen was coached by Barry Zaritsky (also known as "SIO Barry"), who owned a company called SiO Safety Shorts. When his family moved to a farm in a remote part of Florida, Mullen began perfecting his flat ground techniques in the family garage; he has said that the isolation and lack of terrain naturally guided him towards freestyle skateboarding. Mullen cites July 1979–August 1980 as his "most creative time," a time when he was predominantly a loner who counted the cows of the family farm as his best friends.<mask> then proceeded to win thirty successive amateur competitive victories in the late 1970s, mostly in his home state of Florida, culminating in a win at the Oceanside Nationals in June 1979. In 1980, the 14-year-old <mask> entered the Oasis Pro competition, defeating the world champion, Steve Rocco. At Oasis Skatepark Mullen also spotted a 12-year-old skater who "introduced himself as Tony Hawk." Recalled Mullen, "Before Tony was sponsored, before anybody knew anything about him, he made an impression on me," and the two would go on to become good friends. Bones Brigade
Shortly thereafter, Mullen turned professional as a member of the renowned Bones Brigade team sponsored by Powell Peralta, based on the recommendation by Powell Peralta rider and fellow Floridian skateboarder Tim Scroggs of Mullen to company co-founder Stacy Peralta, whom Mullen highly admired. Mullen competed voraciously throughout the 1980s, often frustrating competitors and judges with his consistency and progressive ability. Like most skaters at the time, Mullen skated

masks: Mullen Mullen


texts:
 a mix of styles, including some vert, before skateboarding became more clearly delineated, as skaters who were more freestyle-oriented gravitated toward street and those who had skated more transition, bowls, and pools went into vert.Mullen enrolled in the chemical engineering program at the University of Florida, leaving during his senior year prior to completing his degree in order to take over management of World Industries with fellow Bones Brigade team member and company co-founder Steve Rocco. Invention of the flatground ollie
Among his most significant contributions to the evolution of modern skateboarding, <mask>llen adapted the ollie, first pioneered by Alan Gelfand on vert (where Gelfand would scoop off the back trucks to obtain more air off the wall, but without popping the tail of the skateboard in the process), to flat ground. This ability to pop the board off of the ground and drag it upward into the air, gaining significant altitude and air time, allowed ollieing onto rails and obstacles and opened the door to more complex flip tricks and other flat ground tricks. The invention of this trick alone, even apart from the numerous other tricks that he has invented and his design work, has ranked <mask> as one of the most important skateboarders of all time. In response to the praise that he has received for the flat ground ollie, Mullen stated in August 2012:

The origins of ollies—a guy named Alan Gelfand did it on vert…I had for a long time done a really simple movement, which was—it was just a transfer trick…and there are a ton of tricks where I needed to get to this side [demonstrates

masks:
Rodney Mu
Mullen


texts: going from standing regular on his board to standing on the nose]. It's a transfer trick—I'd been doing that since the late seventies, so that I could, in turn, do things like this [demonstrates going from standing on the nose to a nose-stand and then landing back on his skateboard]. When I saw him [Gelfand] do it on the wall, I immediately—I'm thinking, the mechanics of it:  how do you get your board off the ground—how would you get your board off the ground like he did off the wall, 'cause I'm stuck on flat ground, not weightless.... [T]he first ones I did took about, I don't know, five, ten minutes....I realized, that's just the same motion I've been doing for years—it's a see-saw motion; that's how ollies work…it's just a punch and a little hop; and the real key to it was dragging your foot and leveling it out, which brings the board up.... In a back-handed way, people credit me with—in the documentary, Stacy [Peralta]'s Bones Brigade documentary, credit me with the importance of the ollie that gave the foundation for street skating, which is just skateboarding today, all that; and to me it was like, "Yeah, but, it's not a big deal." Took me ten minutes, fifteen, half an hour, an hour; and the next thing you know, you're getting 'em this high, and that's what laid the foundation for everything else. So, in a sense, the biggest innovation for street skating, which is what they credit me for—it's not a big deal! Throughout the 1980s, he invented the majority of skating's ollie and flip tricks, including the flat ground ollie, the kickflip, the heelflip, the 360-flip, and many others. These tricks are


texts:
 now considered essential building blocks of both modern vert skateboarding and street skateboarding. World Industries
In early 1989, <mask> left the Bones Brigade to join World Industries as a principal investor with longtime friend and former rival, Steve Rocco, in the formation of the very first skateboarder-owned company—professional skateboarder, Mike Vallely, later joined the company for a brief period of time.Mullen and Rocco had embarked on a very risky venture, as Powell Peralta was an established company and Rocco's upstart company had been struggling at the time. World Industries would later develop into the distribution company, Dwindle Distribution, which is the world's largest skateboard manufacturer in the 21st century. Transition to street and Plan B
As the popularity of freestyle skateboarding declined, <mask> was urged to transform his style to join the street skating trend that was becoming increasingly popular at that time; however, <mask> was very reluctant due to a fear of compromising his integrity, whereby the foundation of his skateboarding would be "sold out." Such pressure is alluded to in the World Industries video, Rubbish Heap, in which <mask>'s sequence ends with team member, Jeremy Klein, deliberately breaking his freestyle skateboard (which is also the first recorded focus of a skateboard) and then handing him a note from Rocco, accompanied by a street skateboard deck, in which the end of freestyle is declared. In 1991, <mask> joined the high-profile skateboarding team, Plan B Skateboards. Mike Ternasky, the owner of Plan B, influenced <mask> to transition from freestyle

masks: Mullen Mullen Mullen Mullen Mullen Mullen


texts:
 to street skating, and showcased his skills in the 1992 Plan B video, Questionable. His segment begins with traditional freestyle tricks executed on flat ground, but quickly transitions into Mullen skateboarding across public terrain to shift into street skating tricks and lines.<mask>'s video part signified a major transformation in relation to both his career and his skateboarding. Ternasky filmed <mask> as he sequenced tricks and mixed flip tricks with grinds and boardslides, while he also negotiated obstacles. <mask> also introduced two newly invented tricks in Questionable, the kickflip underflip and the Casper slide. <mask>'s Questionable performance might have marked the beginning of a new era in street skateboarding. His reluctant transition from freestyle to street skateboarding was a symbol that legitimized the technical direction street skating had taken over the previous few years. <mask> focused on the progression of this transition in subsequent Plan B videos, including 1993's Virtual Reality, in which Mullen showcases the newly mastered trick, the darkslide. <mask>'s participation in Plan B dissolved after Ternasky was killed in a car crash on May 17, 1994.<mask> later explained, "He was such a great person. He would lift you so high and that is why Plan B was what it was. And it was clear once Mike was gone that it was never the same." A-Team and Enjoi
In 1997, <mask> started company, the A-Team—along with Marc Johnson, Gershon Mosley, Dave Mayhew, and Chet Thomas—with the intention of forming a "super team." When A-Team folded in 2000, <mask> made the transition from company founder to

masks: Mullen Mullen Mullen Mullen Mullen Mullen Mullen Mullen Mullen


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 company rider for Enjoi Skateboards. Former Maple rider, Marc Johnson, founded Enjoi Skateboards and also recruited riders Chris Cole and Bobby Puleo, with Jerry Hsu for the team. Stance erasure
As a result of injuries accrued over many years riding in a fixed regular stance, from 2007 onward Mullen made a conscious effort to "erase" his riding stance, re-learning tricks (and in many cases learning new tricks he was unable to do previously riding regular) goofy and endeavoring to re-learn riding a skateboard neutrally in the absence of any preferential "natural stance."In an interview with Tony Hawk, <mask> explained that he had developed problems in his right hip joint, with scar tissue having built up in his joint over years as a result of habitually hyper-extending his leg (e. g., doing the splits, a danger inherent in practicing riskier tricks such as darkslides) while skating. <mask> stated that through extensive stretching and the use of blunt objects he was able to break up the scar tissue in order to restore range of motion. <mask> further explained in an interview at Germany's Bright tradeshow in 2011:

For me, it was a grinding to a halt, until I could barely walk really…  I took about a couple of years, a year-and-a-half of breaking myself apart; pretty medievally. And as I did so, I realized that that was helping me unravel my stance; and so now, I've just been investigating, or pushing myself to try to, to, take apart my stance so that I no longer have one. And so it's not just doing everything switch, because everybody does whatever switch. It's to have no stance at a physical level. And

masks: Mullen Mullen Mullen


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 so even what you did in your regular, native stance, it feels…new.2014–present
The Almost company celebrated its 10th anniversary with an event at the Berrics indoor skate complex in early March 2014, and <mask> attended the venue for the first time. As part of the celebration, <mask> completed an interview with the Berrics that is titled "A Beautiful Mind," in which <mask> explained his current relationship with skateboarding: "Because we all have that fear of judgment…yeah, that's true. I'm like that—I'm afraid of being judged. I don't necessarily want to be seen in public sucking, getting older; but, what I keep inside, that joy of feeling what I do, rolling around, playing around—that's something I'm going to do as long as I can. That's who I am…who I am." The first video footage of <mask> skateboarding in nine years was published on Tony Hawk's RIDE YouTube channel in July 2014. <mask> appears in the video skateboarding at musician Ben Harper's residence and Harper also performs a single trick at the video's conclusion.The part was filmed by Ben Fordham of the Gracias L.A. brand, which released the Gracias Skateboarding Volumen Uno video in 2014 that also features <mask>. Together with other members of the Almost team, <mask> appeared in a June 2015 photo retrospective of the Almost brand that was shot and curated by skateboard photographer Seu Trinh. Mullen was part of the Globe brand's "EUTrippin'" 2015 European tour, alongside other team members including Mark Appleyard and Haslam. Other ventures

<mask> vs. Daewon
Around 1997, <mask> also initiated discussions with friend and fellow

masks: Mullen Mullen Mullen Mullen Mullen Mullen Mullen Rodney Mullen


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 professional skateboarder, Daewon Song, to plan the video <mask> vs. Daewon, released in 1997, which featured the two skaters "competing" with their respective video parts.. The concept developed into a series and, , three "rounds" have been produced. Tensor
Around 2000, <mask> engaged in the development of his own skateboard truck design, a concept that would later become the foundation for the company Tensor. In 2000, <mask> filed for a United States Patent in support of his innovative work in the area and submitted the following abstract to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office:

A skateboard having one or more truck assemblies configured to eliminate undesired ride characteristics such as hanger-jiggle and wheel bite, without sacrificing the skateboard's steering responsiveness.Each truck assembly includes an axle assembly with a ring-shaped hanger that is confined on a kingpin using a pair of bushings, at least one of which includes an annular flange that projects into an annular gap defined between the hanger and the kingpin. This prevents the hanger from moving laterally relative to the kingpin and thereby eliminates undesired ride characteristics such as hanger-jiggle and wheel bite. In a separate feature of the invention, the skateboard truck assembly further incorporates a low-friction slider plate that enhances the rider's performance of certain maneuvers and at the same time protects other components of the truck assembly from undue wear. A subsequent advertisement was released, entitled "The Patented Tensor Design." Tensor recruited team riders such as Daewon Song, Chris Cole, Chris Haslam,

masks: Rodney Mullen Mullen