texts:
 peripatetic" globally. He arranged for the Anglican Communion to have a chief executive officer, the first of whom was Bishop Stephen Bayne of the US.As he had at Chester, as Archbishop of Canterbury <mask> concerned himself with modernising the administration of the Church. According to The Guardian, "His incessant pleas to relieve the poverty of the clergy were heard, and it was in his time that the Church Commissioners shook themselves free from their old obligation to invest only in trustee securities – a stroke which relieved many a vicarage from grinding poverty". Later years as archbishop

In 1956 Garbett, <mask>'s friend and confidant, retired; the new Archbishop of York was Michael Ramsey. He had been a pupil under <mask> at Repton, and in the words of a biographer, <mask> "still played the headmaster" to Ramsey even after he became an archbishop. Ramsey was described by The Times as "a theologian in, but not quite of, the world of high-powered ecclesiastical committees". Without Garbett's skill in political matters, <mask> began to make incautious and sometimes controversial pronouncements. Matters were exacerbated by his suspicion of the British press, and his dislike was frequently reciprocated, causing <mask> to receive hostile press coverage on occasion.He spoke frequently in the House of Lords. In 1957 he gave a cautious welcome to the Wolfenden report (1957) which advocated decriminalising homosexual practices, saying there was "a realm which is not the law's business; a sacred area of privacy where people make their own choices and decisions into which the law must not intrude". He also welcomed the decision of the Lambeth Conference in favour of family planning: "It is utterly wrong to urge that unless children are specifically desired, sexual intercourse is of the nature of sin". He clashed with the Conservative governments of Anthony Eden and Harold Macmillan over the Suez crisis of 1956 and Macmillan's introduction of premium bonds (which <mask> called "squalid") and his assertion that Britain had "never had it so good". In

masks: Fisher Fisher Fisher Fisher Fisher Fisher Fisher


type: original

texts:
 1958, at a time of heightened fear of nuclear war and mutual destruction between the West and the Soviet Union, <mask> said that he was "convinced that it is never right to settle any policy simply out of fear of the consequences. For all I know it is within the providence of God that the human race should destroy itself in this manner." He was also quoted as saying, "The very worst the Bomb can do is to sweep a vast number of people from this world into the next into which they must all go anyway".He was heavily criticised in the press for this view, but a number of clergy, including Christopher Chavasse, Bishop of Rochester, defended him, saying, "In an evil world, war can be the lesser of the two evils." <mask> tried to influence the choice of his successor. He preferred the evangelical Donald Coggan, Bishop of Bradford, to the more obvious choice, Ramsey. To <mask>, the latter was too much a party man – too closely allied with the Anglo-Catholic wing of the church. Macmillan, with whom <mask> got on least well of the four prime ministers with whom he had to deal during his time in office, was not swayed by his arguments. Several versions exist of the exchange between archbishop and premier, all to the effect that <mask> said that as Ramsey's former headmaster he did not consider him suitable, to which Macmillan is said to have replied that <mask> may have been Ramsey's headmaster but had never been his, and that he would make up his own mind. <mask> retired on 17 January 1961; Ramsey succeeded him.Retirement
<mask> was made a life peer, with the title of Baron <mask> of Lambeth, of Lambeth in the County of London. He and his wife settled at Trent rectory, near Sherborne, in Dorset, where he served as an honorary assistant priest. Webster describes him as "a warm-hearted country parson, getting to know everyone in the village and playing chess with some of the boys". In retirement he bombarded his successor with "critical and sometimes harsh comments" (Webster). Ramsey, though hurt, contented himself with observing, "The trouble with <mask> is

masks: Fisher Fisher Fisher Fisher Fisher Fisher Fisher Fisher Fisher Geoffrey


texts:
 that he could not get episcopacy out of his system". <mask> died on 15 September 1972 and was buried in the churchyard at Trent on 20 September. A memorial service, led by Ramsey, was held in Canterbury Cathedral on the same day as <mask>'s interment at Trent.Ramsey concluded his eulogy, "Today Christians of every tradition, Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Anglican, Protestant, salute the memory of a leader and a friend". A memorial to <mask> was erected in the chapel of St Gregory in Canterbury Cathedral. Honours
As well as being created a life peer, <mask> received the Royal Victorian Chain in 1949. and was made Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order in 1953. He received honorary degrees from Cambridge, Columbia, Pennsylvania and Princeton (all 1946), London (1948), Manchester (1950), Edinburgh (1953), Yale (1954), British Columbia (1954), Northwestern University, Evanston (1954), General Theological Seminary, New York (1957), Trinity College, Dublin (1961), and Assumption University of Windsor, Ontario (1962). He was prelate of the Order of St John of Jerusalem (1946–1967). He was made a freeman of the cities of London and Canterbury (1952) and of Croydon (1961). Notes, references and sources

Notes

References

Sources

External links
Recording of his speech at Princess Elizabeth's marriage

 The papers of Archbishop <mask> are held at Lambeth Palace Library

Archbishops of Canterbury
20th-century Anglican archbishops
Bishops of Chester
Bishops of London
Deans of the Chapel Royal
Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Doctors of Divinity
Headmasters of Repton School
<mask> of Lambeth, <mask>, Baron
People educated at Marlborough College
People from Fulham
Alumni of Exeter College, Oxford
Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
Bailiffs Grand Cross of the Order of St John
Recipients of the Order of the Yugoslav Crown
1887 births
1972 deaths
<mask> of Lambeth, <mask>, Baron
Freemasons of the United Grand Lodge of England
Burials in Dorset
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
People from Lindley,

masks:
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Geoffrey Fisher
Fisher
Geoffrey Fisher


texts:
is a singer, actress, tarento and former Japanese idol, signed under the entertainment agency Horipro. She is best known for her affiliations with AKB48 and its various sister- and subgroups. Between 2006 and 2016, she was a part of the promoting line up of 33 AKB48 and 4 SKE48 single releases. Music career

2006–2012: AKB48
After being rejected during the first audition for AKB48, <mask> auditioned again in February 2006 in an applicant pool of about twelve thousand aspiring idols. This time, she was selected as one of the 19 girls for AKB48's newly created Team K, which made its stage debut on April 1, 2006. She stayed with Team K and AKB48 until August 2012. During this period, <mask> participated in the title tracks of 25 of the 27 AKB48 single releases, missing only the A-sides of "Chance no Junban" and "Ue kara Mariko", for which the featured members were determined by a rock-paper-scissors-tournament.In October 2011, she was named the AKB48 member with the most appearances in the popular music show Music Japan on NHK, with 34 performances. Although this underlines her role as one of the promotional fixtures of the group at that time, she did not reach the popularity level of fellow members like Atsuko Maeda or Oshima Yuko. Within her time in the group, she became a member of two AKB48 side projects: Chocolove from AKB48 was established in 2007 as a trio with fellow AKB48 members Sayaka Akimoto and Rina Nakanishi. The group released two singles and an album, but disbanded in 2008 following Nakanishi's departure from AKB48. In 2011, AKB48 announced that she and Akimoto would be part of another spin-off called Diva, along with Ayaka Umeda and Yuka Masuda. Following the departure of Akimoto and Masuda, Diva was disbanded in late 2014, after releasing a farewell single and album. In January 2011, an exhibition of her self-portraits was

masks: Miyazawa Miyazawa


texts:
 held at the AKB48 Official Shop in Hong Kong, She then visited Hong Kong on January 28, and attended a series of events, including an AKB48 Cosplay Event held in Dragon Centre in Kowloon.In March 2012, during AKB48's trip to the National Cherry Blossom Festival, <mask> visited the Strong John Thomson Elementary School in Washington, D.C., to explain Japanese pop culture to the pupils. 2012–2015: SNH48 and SKE48
In August 2012, it was announced that <mask> and fellow AKB48 member Mariya Suzuki would be transferred overseas to help lead Shanghai-based sister group SNH48. This transfer was initially scheduled to last six to twelve months, while the affected members were still affiliated with AKB48, as "Team Abroad" (海外, kaigai). Because she and Suzuki did not have working visas for China, they rarely appeared with SNH48; for instance, they only appeared as audience members for the group's first public performance. They however did appear together as group representatives at the Japanese Night at the Summer Davos in Tianjin, China, and were mentioned in the official diary of the Japanese prime minister. During the opening ceremony of SNH48's theater in Shanghai in September 2013, group officials announced that <mask> would begin to perform with the group on October 11, 2013. Indeed, both <mask> and Suzuki debuted with SNH48 on that date, triggering media coverage in both Japan and China.Her endeavors as a Japanese idol in a Chinese environment made the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology name <mask> a representative for the "Tobitate! Ryugaku Japan"-campaign ("Take off! Study abroad!"). In January 2013, during the annual "Request Hour" concerts held by all Japanese AKB48 acts, the Miyazawa-led song "Kiseki wa Mani Awanai" ranked second in fan voting. Following this, <mask> promoted AKB48's 30th single "So

masks: Miyazawa Miyazawa Miyazawa Miyazawa Miyazawa Miyazawa


texts: Long!" in TV broadcasts, even though she did not participate in the actual single recording. In March 2013, <mask> started a Twitter account, but this was suspended when it gathered too many followers on the first day; her Twitter was reopened two days later.Meanwhile, <mask> Sokai concert in Nippon Budokan in April 2013, AKB48 announced her return to Team K and concurrent membership with SNH48. In the 2013 AKB48 general election, she finished tenth overall. During the election results event, she declared her plans to focus on SNH48, and after confirmation with AKB48 management, became the first AKB48 member to voluntarily drop concurrency. As a result, she did not participate in the rock-paper-scissors tournament in 2013 and rarely appeared with the group until February 2014, when AKB48 announced <mask>'s transfer to Nagoya-based SKE48 at the Grand Reformation Festival, while staying a concurrent member of SNH48. She was appointed the 'leader' of SKE48's Team S. This time, she accepted the new position after learning of the transfer via a live phone call from that event. However, she suffered a significant decrease in popularity in the process, as she lost over 21000 votes compared to 2013 in the 2014 AKB48 general election, but still managed to maintain the 12th position overall.In SKE48, <mask> appeared frequently as one of the leading members in commercial campaigns, TV and stage performances, and had since then been selected to appear in AKB48's 38th single, her first regular single appearance since Sayonara Crawl, and her 29th title track performance overall. In the general election for the 41st single in 2015, she recovered from the heavy loss in 2014, by adding 31,000 votes to her result and ranking in at the 8th position, her personal best. Before the event, she stated that she would not be participating in future fan elections.

masks: Miyazawa Miyazawaji Miyazawa Miyazawa


texts:
 By the end of 2015, she had appeared in 32 single A-sides of AKB48, trailing only five other members. Kuchibiru ni Be My Baby, AKB48's 10th anniversary single, marked her return to the main selection of promoting members of AKB48 releases. It was her first appearance in a management selected conventional line up of 16 members since Give Me Five! in 2012, before her transfer to SNH48.2016: Departure from 48 Group
During the nationwide broadcast of the music show "FNS", <mask> announced her departure from SKE48 and SNH48 at an undefined date in 2016. She is the second member to announce her so-called "graduation" from the group on national TV, after Oshima Yuko on Kōhaku Uta Gassen in 2014. Following this, the Miyazawa-centered song "Kiseki wa Mani Awanai" was voted into the first place in the 2016 edition of the Request Hour concert series. During this event, a two-day concert at Nippon Gaishi Hall dedicated to her farewell was announced. She eventually left the group  in March 2016, after farewell performances in the theaters of all three groups she was affiliated with (SNH48, SKE48, AKB48). Solo activities and acting career
As a member of the AKB48 group, <mask> has been promoted in many of AKB48's own shows, but also frequently appeared in Japanese radio and TV. She has published two photobooks; one in 2009 titled "Kanojo" and one in 2015 titled "Namida no Yukue".Occasionally, she was cast as an actress for feature films, stage plays and Japanese TV dramas. In January 2014, <mask> was selected to play a major role in the stage play , the 13th volume of the Gorgeous Earth series, which was performed in Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, and Fukuoka. In July 2014, it was announced that she would play the male lead role in the stage adaption of the manga "AKB49: Ren'ai Kinshi Jōrei". 2014 ended with her being cast in ntv's special primetime drama "Dr.

masks: Miyazawa Miyazawa Miyazawa


texts:
 Nurse Aid" (Dr.ナースエイド) in November. In March 2015, she performed in the gala concert celebrating the 20th anniversary of the stage play series Gorgeous Earth, she appeared in 2013/2014. Some months later, it was announced that <mask> would perform in the stage adaptation of the popular shōjo manga "Crest of the Royal Family" by Chieko Hosokawa, scheduled for 2016. She was cast for the role of the main protagonist, sharing the role with Seiko Niizuma.After finishing the play, <mask> collaborated with the cosplay boy group ARSMAGNA on their single Kibun Joujou, and concluded the year by scoring a main role in the TV Asahi drama Ossan's Love. She also appeared in a number of TV variety programs, for example Hirunandesu! and Rôkaru rosen basu noritsugi no tabi. In July 2018, <mask> terminated her contract with Flave Entertainment, and signed to media agency Horipro Entertainment a year later. In between she was on a hiatus from entertainment. As of 2019, <mask> has become a regular musical actress, having appeared nationwide in a number of successful stage plays, with her most recent signing as a double cast with accomplished Japanese singer May J. in the Japanese run of West Side Story. Reception
<mask>, who is often called "Sae-chan" (さえちゃん) by fans and media, belonged to the most popular members of the 48 group family with consistent high finishes in audience polls.In the AKB48 general elections, in which the lineup (called "senbatsu") for a given single is decided by fan voting, she placed 14th (2009), 9th (2010), 11th (2011), 11th (2012), 10th (2013), 12th(2014), and 8th (2015), respectively, which gave her a spot on the related title tracks. She is one of five members to make it to the senbatsu ranks in the first seven elections. <mask> and Sayaka Akimoto were frequently referred to as the "Twin Towers" of Team K, because of their


texts:
 comparably tall height and their key roles in that team. Another nickname she bears is "Genking" (from Japanese "genki" = energetic, cheerful), as she is often portrayed as loud, impulsive and energetic. She is also known as AKB48's "handsome idol" (Japanese: "ikemen idol") due to her tomboyish mannerisms and image. Accordingly, she was named as the idol best suited to act male roles and stereotypes in a 2017 survey among college students. Among members of the AKB48 groups, a disproportionately high fraction of her fan following is female.In the animated series AKB0048, the character <mask> Sae The 10th / Asamiya Youko is modeled after her, voiced by Mai Nakahara. Discography

AKB48

Main singles

Albums
Song participiations aside from single title track recordings:

 Koko ni Ita Koto (2011), 4 songs
 1830m (2012), 2 songs
 Tsugi no Ashiato (2014), 4 songs
 Koko ga Rhodes da, Koko de Tobe! (2015), 2 songs

Team Surprise
She participated in the first two incarnations of Team Surprise, a subunit formed for a Pachinko machine campaign, but was not selected for the third:

Other singles participation
 " - What can I do for someone?" (2011)
 "" (2011)
 "" (2013)
 "Enjoy your life!" The following non-exhaustive list includes shows she recurrently appeared in and otherwise notable shows, both as a Tarento or representing the group. Radio

Other stage performances

Bibliography

Magazines
 Samurai ELO, Inforest (January 2011-December 2013)

Photobooks
 Kanojo (Kodansha, 21 August 2009)
 Namida no Yukue (Wani Books, 16 February 2015)

References

External links
 Flave Entertainment Profile
 Official blog

 Official web presence

1990 births
Living people
Singers from Tokyo
Japanese idols
AKB48 members
SNH48 members
Mandarin-language singers of Japan
Japanese women pop singers
21st-century Japanese women singers
21st-century Japanese


texts:
<mask> (born 15 January 1951) is an Irish former professional snooker player. Having been runner-up in the 1974 English Amateur Championship, he turned professional in October 1976. He experienced early success with victories at the 1977 UK Championship and the 1977 Dry Blackthorn Cup but following a car accident, developed a psychological block when using the  which affected his playing and he did not win another title. He lost his professional status in 1989 following a 2–9 playoff defeat by Brady Gollan and now works as a snooker coach. His highest career ranking was 11, in 1978/79. Early life and amateur career
<mask> was born in Dublin on 15 January 1951, one of twelve children. He started playing snooker at the age of 12, and moved to London in 1968.He played at the Chiswick Memorial Club, and in 1974 it was reported in a local newspaper that in a six-frame session he had recorded a break of 106, another over 80, and three more over 70. In the 1974 English Amateur Championship, he defeated Mick Fisher 6–1 in the Southern section final before being beaten 7–11 by the reigning world amateur champion Ray Edmonds in the main final. In 1975, <mask> became the youngest player ever to win the London and Home Counties billiards championship, playing with a focus on potting the red ball as he defeated Ron Riggins 1,176–881 in the final. In the 1975 English Amateur Snooker Championship he lost 1–4 to Terry Griffiths in the Southern region quarter-finals, and in the 1976 Southern area final he lost 6–8 to Chris Ross despite making a tournament record break of 115. In 1974, <mask> won a money match against Alex Higgins for £2,000, an amount equal to that received by the winner of the 1974 World Snooker Championship. Early professional success
Regarded as "one of the most exciting players of the mid-seventies", and "one of the men most likely to succeed when he turned professional", <mask> turned professional in October 1976. He made his first

masks:
Patsy Fagan
Fagan
Fagan
Fagan
Fagan


texts:
 maximum break on 15 January 1977, his 26th birthday, against Dave Gilbert at the Clapton Bus Garage Social Club.At the 1977 World Snooker Championship, he beat Jim Meadowcroft 11–9 in qualifying and then lost 7–13 to defending champion Ray Reardon in the last 16, having finished the first session of the match level at 4–4 and the second 7–10 behind. Reardon then won all three  in the final session, taking the last two of them on the black. The matches between <mask> and Reardon, and between Fred Davis and John Pulman, were the first to be held at the Crucible Theatre, which as of March 2020 had remained as the venue for the World Snooker Championship for 43 years. At the UK Championship in 1977, which at the time was a non-ranking event open only to UK passport holders, <mask> beat Jackie Rea 5–1 in the first round, and Fred Davis 5–0 in the second round. He won in the deciding frame in each of the next two rounds, 5–4 against Jim Meadowcroft in the quarter-finals and 9–8 against John Virgo in the semi-finals, to reach the final against another player in his first year as a professional, Doug Mountjoy. The two finalists shared the first four frames but <mask> won the next four to take a 6–2 lead, after which Mountjoy also won four frames in a row to level the match at 6–6. <mask> then took the next two frames to lead 8–6, eventually winning the match 12–9.Before the UK championship, <mask> had been announced as one of the four invited contenders for the 1977 Dry Blackthorn Cup, along with world championship winners Alex Higgins, John Spencer and Reardon. He beat Spencer in the semi-final then Higgins 4–2 in the final to win the tournament. He received £2,000 prize money for his Dry Blackthorn Cup win, the same amount he had received for his UK championship victory a couple of weeks earlier. Later professional career
<mask> failed to make an impact at the 1978 Masters, losing 2–4 to John Pulman in the first round. At the 1978 World Snooker

masks: Fagan Fagan Fagan Fagan Fagan Fagan


texts: Championship he beat John Dunning 9–5 and then Alex Higgins 13–12. In the match against Higgins, <mask> was 10–12 behind but won two frames on the black and the last on the pink. He lost 10–13 to Fred Davis in the quarter-finals.In the 1970s and until 1982, the Irish Professional Championship was played on a challenge basis, and in April 1978 <mask> played defending champion Alex Higgins for the title. <mask> was a frame ahead after the first day of the match, at 5–4. At the start of the next day's play he extended his lead to 8–5 before Higgins drew level at 8–8 and then won seven of the next nine to leave <mask> 10–15 behind at the end of the second day. Higgins won the match 21–13. Entering the 1978 UK Championship as defending champion, <mask> lost the first four frames of his opening match against David Taylor before tying the match at 4–4, eventually losing 7–9. He was also defeated by Taylor in the first round of the 1979 Masters, losing 3–5 after having been 3–2 ahead. From late 1978, following a car accident, <mask> started to experience a psychological block when using the .This version of the "yips" caused him to spend a long time cueing and then usually ; because of this, he would play left-handed rather than using the rest where possible. This problem affected his match against Taylor at the Masters in January 1979. Two months later, he challenged Higgins again for the Irish Professional title. Higgins won the match 21–12, making a break of 124 in 2 minutes and 45 seconds on the final day. <mask> was part of the "rest of the world" team at the 1979 World Challenge Cup, along with Perrie Mans and Jimmy van Rensberg. In their match against the Northern Ireland team, <mask> lost 0–1 to Dennis Taylor on the first day, in a match where Taylor asked him to play again after <mask> had fouled by touching the blue ball with his sleeve whilst using the rest in attempting to hit the yellow ball. <mask> was quoted afterwards as saying

masks: Fagan Fagan Fagan Fagan Fagan Fagan Fagan Fagan Fagan Fagan


texts:
 "Dennis took advantage of my rest problems but it didn't bother me."On the second day, he beat Jackie Rea 1–0 but then lost 0–3 to Higgins on the second. Northern Ireland won the match 8–7 after having been 2–7 behind. <mask> and his fellow team members also lost 7–8 against the England team. Dennis Taylor also beat <mask> in the quarter-finals of the 1979 UK Championship, 9–6, after <mask> had knocked out Mike Hallett 9–4 and Graham Miles 9–5. In the 1980 World Snooker Championship <mask> lost in his first match, 6–10 to Steve Davis. This was the last time he reached as far as the quarter-final of a major tournament other than the Irish Professional Championship or the 1986 Irish Masters, the latter resulting from a walkover against Kirk Stevens. He lost to Dennis Taylor in a challenge for the Irish Professional Championship in 1981, coming from 0–3 down to lead 5–4 at the end of the first session, and 10–8 at the close of the second session.The third session saw <mask> make a break of 107 on his way to building a 15–12 lead. However, Taylor retained the title, winning 22–21. A 2–9 professional playoff defeat by Brady Gollan in April 1989 meant that <mask> lost his professional status. His highest career ranking had been 11, in 1978/79, and his best finish in a ranking tournament was reaching the quarter-final at the 1978 World Snooker Championship. He subsequently worked as a landscape gardener and a night-shift sorter for the Post Office. <mask> works as a snooker coach and has coached the Paddington professional Alfie Burden, who was the world amateur champion in 2009. Ronnie O'Sullivan sought coaching advice from <mask> in 2011.He entered the 2021 World Seniors Championship, losing 0–3 to Stephen Hendry in the first round. Performance and rankings timeline

Career finals

Non-ranking finals: 6 (3 titles)

Amateur finals: 1

References

1951 births
Living people
Irish snooker players
UK champions (snooker)
Sportspeople from Dublin

masks: Fagan Fagan Fagan Fagan Fagan Fagan Fagan Fagan


texts:
<mask> (; 3 December 1933 – 28 January 2021) was a Dutch meteorologist and atmospheric chemist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1995 for his work on atmospheric chemistry and specifically for his efforts in studying the formation and decomposition of atmospheric ozone. In addition to studying the ozone layer and climate change, he popularized the term Anthropocene to describe a proposed new epoch in the Quaternary period when human actions have a drastic effect on the Earth. He was also amongst the first few scientists to introduce the idea of a nuclear winter to describe the potential climatic effects stemming from large-scale atmospheric pollution including smoke from forest fires, industrial exhausts, and other sources like oil fires. He was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and an elected foreign member of the Royal Society in the United Kingdom. Early life and education
Crutzen was born in Amsterdam, the son of Anna (Gurk) and <mask>. In September 1940, the same year Germany invaded The Netherlands, Crutzen entered his first year of elementary school.After many delays and school switches caused by events in the war, Crutzen graduated from elementary school and moved onto "Hogere Burgerschool" (Higher Citizens School) in 1946, where he became fluent in French, English, and German. Along with languages he also focused on natural sciences in this school, from which he graduated in 1951. After this he studied Civil Engineering at a technical school, completed his military service, and married. In 1958, he moved his young family to Gävle. Research and career
Crutzen conducted research primarily in atmospheric chemistry. He is best known for his research on ozone depletion. In 1970 he pointed out that emissions of nitrous oxide (), a stable, long-lived gas produced by soil bacteria, from the Earth's surface could affect the amount

masks:
Paul Jozef Crutzen
Josef Cruen


texts:
 of nitric oxide (NO) in the stratosphere.Crutzen showed that nitrous oxide lives long enough to reach the stratosphere, where it is converted into NO. <mask> then noted that increasing use of fertilizers might have led to an increase in nitrous oxide emissions over the natural background, which would in turn result in an increase in the amount of NO in the stratosphere. Thus human activity could affect the stratospheric ozone layer. In the following year, Crutzen and (independently) <mask> suggested that NO emissions from the fleet of, then proposed, supersonic transport (SST) airliners (a few hundred Boeing 2707s), which would fly in the lower stratosphere, could also deplete the ozone layer; however more recent analysis has disputed this as a large concern. He listed his main research interests as "Stratospheric and tropospheric chemistry, and their role in the biogeochemical cycles and climate". From 1980, he worked at the Department of Atmospheric Chemistry at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, in Mainz, Germany; the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego; and at Seoul National University, South Korea. He was also a long-time adjunct professor at Georgia Institute of Technology and research professor at the department of meteorology at Stockholm University, Sweden.From 1997 to 2002 he was professor of aeronomy at the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Utrecht University. He co-signed a letter from over 70 Nobel laureate scientists to the Louisiana Legislature supporting the repeal of that U.S. state's creationism law, the Louisiana Science Education Act. In 2003 he was one of 22 Nobel laureates who signed the Humanist Manifesto. , Crutzen has an h-index of 151 according to Google Scholar and of 110 according to Scopus. Anthropocene

One of Crutzen's research interests was the Anthropocene. In 2000, in IGBP

masks:
Crutzen
Harold Johnston


texts:
 Newsletter 41, <mask> and Eugene F. Stoermer, to emphasize the central role of mankind in geology and ecology, proposed using the term anthropocene for the current geological epoch. In regard to its start, they said:

To assign a more specific date to the onset of the "anthropocene" seems somewhat arbitrary, but we propose the latter part of the 18th century, although we are aware that alternative proposals can be made (some may even want to include the entire holocene).However, we choose this date because, during the past two centuries, the global effects of human activities have become clearly noticeable. This is the period when data retrieved from glacial ice cores show the beginning of a growth in the atmospheric concentrations of several "greenhouse gases", in particular CO2 and CH4. Such a starting date also coincides with <mask>'s invention of the steam engine in 1784. Geoengineering (Climate intervention)
Steve Connor, Science Editor of The Independent, wrote that Crutzen believes that political attempts to limit man-made greenhouse gases are so pitiful that a radical contingency plan is needed. In a polemical scientific essay that was published in the August 2006 issue of the journal Climatic Change, he says that an "escape route" is needed if global warming begins to run out of control. Crutzen advocated for climate engineering solutions, including artificially cooling the global climate by releasing particles of sulphur in the upper atmosphere, along with other particles at lower atmospheric levels, which would reflect sunlight and heat back into space. If this artificial cooling method actually were to work, it would reduce some of the effects of the accumulation of green house gas emissions caused by human activity, potentially extending the planet's integrity and livability.In January 2008, Crutzen published findings that the release of nitrous

masks:
Crutzen
James Watt


texts:
 oxide () emissions in the production of biofuels means that they contribute more to global warming than the fossil fuels they replace. Nuclear winter
Crutzen was also a leader in promoting the theory of nuclear winter. Together with <mask>. Birks he wrote the first publication introducing the subject: The atmosphere after a nuclear war: Twilight at noon (1982). They theorized the potential climatic effects of the large amounts of sooty smoke from fires in the forests and in urban and industrial centers and oil storage facilities, which would reach the middle and higher troposphere. They concluded that absorption of sunlight by the black smoke could lead to darkness and strong cooling at the earth's surface, and a heating of the atmosphere at higher elevations, thus creating atypical meteorological and climatic conditions which would jeopardize agricultural production for a large part of the human population. In a Baltimore Sun newspaper article printed in January 1991, along with his nuclear winter colleagues, Crutzen hypothesized that the climatic effects of the Kuwait oil fires would result in "significant" nuclear winter-like effects; continental-sized effects of sub-freezing temperatures. Awards and honours
<mask>, Mario J. Molina, and F. Sherwood Rowland were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1995 "for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone".Some of Crutzen's others honours include the below:

 1976: Outstanding Publication Award, Environmental Research Laboratories, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
 1984: Rolex-Discover Scientist of the Year. 1985: Recipient of the Leó Szilárd Award for "Physics in the Publics Interest" of the American Physical Society. 1986: Elected as a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union. 1989: Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement. 1990:

masks:
John W
Crutzen


texts:
 Corresponding Member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
 1995: Recipient of the Global Ozone Award for "Outstanding Contribution for the Protection of the Ozone Layer" by United Nations Environment Programme. 1999: Foreign Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2006: Elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS)
2007: International Member of the American Philosophical Society
 2017: Honorary Member of the Royal Netherlands Chemical Society
 2019: Lomonosov Gold Medal

Personal life
In 1956 Crutzen met Terttu Soininen, whom he married a few years later in February 1958.In December of the same year, the couple had a daughter by the name of Ilona. In March 1964, the couple had another daughter, Sylvia. Crutzen died aged 87 on 28 January 2021. References

External links
  including the Nobel Lecture, 8 December 1995 My Life with O3, NOx and Other YZOxs

1933 births
2021 deaths
20th-century Dutch chemists
Dutch climatologists
Atmospheric chemists

Dutch Nobel laureates
Nobel laureates in Chemistry
Sustainability advocates
Scientists from Amsterdam

Georgia Tech faculty
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz faculty
Max Planck Society people
Stockholm University alumni
Utrecht University faculty

Commanders of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
Fellows of the American Geophysical Union
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
Members of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences
Members of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
Members of the American Philosophical Society
Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
21st-century Dutch


texts:
<mask> (born August 17, 1960) is an American television journalist known for his association with BET over four different decades. A native of Detroit, <mask> is the son of an Olympic athlete also named <mask>. The younger <mask> was BET's main news anchor from 1988 to 1996 and again from 2000 to 2001 before hosting the interview show BET Tonight from 2001 to 2002 and another interview show, Weekly with <mask>, from 2010 to 2011. In addition to his work with BET, <mask> also worked for NBC News from 1996 to 2000, CBS News from 2004 to 2005, and NPR from 2005 to 2006. From 2006 to 2010, he hosted the syndicated talk show Our World with Black Enterprise. Personal background
<mask> was born in Detroit, Michigan. His father <mask>. (1908–1971) was a schoolteacher who won gold in the 1932 Summer Olympics for competing in the long jump, and his mother Jimmie (née Hunt) (1920–2015) was also a teacher.After graduating from Cass Technical High School in Detroit, the younger <mask> graduated from Western Michigan University in 1982 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in communications and political science. Career

Early career in Detroit (1983–1988)
Although <mask> considered law school, <mask> aspired to be a television journalist and took an unpaid internship at WTVS, the PBS affiliate in Detroit. At WTVS, he worked as a production assistant from 1983 to 1985. In 1986, <mask> became host of a local weekly talk show, Detroit Black Journal, which had a yearly salary of $11,000. On the side, <mask> worked as a freelance journalist at the then-fledgling cable network Black Entertainment Television (BET). First stint with BET (1988–1996)
In 1988, <mask> joined BET full-time as anchor

masks:
Edward Lansing Gordon III
Ed Gordon
Ed Gordon
Gordon
Ed Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Ed Gordon Jr
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon


texts:
 of the weekly program BET News, which covered African-American social issues and popular culture. While <mask> worked at BET, its news staff had only around 20 people, and <mask> produced most of his interviews with only one or two assistants.Beginning in 1990, <mask> also hosted hour-long interviews on several occasions in the series Conversation with <mask>. His subjects have included President Bill Clinton, actor/director, rapper Tupac Shakur, Sidney Poitier, and singer Whitney Houston. Following the 1992 Los Angeles riots, <mask> hosted a BET special, L.A. Aftermath: Black Men Speak Out and conducted the first interview with U.S. President George H. W. Bush after the riots. On January 25, 1996, <mask> became the first journalist to interview former NFL star O. J. Simpson since Simpson was acquitted of murder the previous year. Career with NBC (1996–2000)
In July 1996, <mask> left BET to join NBC News, where he began as a daytime anchor and host of weekly talk and interview program Internight on NBC's cable network MSNBC as well as a contributor to NBC's morning show Today. At MSNBC, <mask> covered major news events of the late 1990s such as the Republican and Democratic National Conventions of 1996, the impeachment of Bill Clinton, the crash of Swissair Flight 111, and Pope John Paul II's 1998 visit to Cuba.Beginning in March 1999, <mask> became a regular correspondent on Dateline NBC. Second stint with BET (2000–2004)
<mask> returned to BET in 2000 to host BET News, this time on a nightly basis. In 2001, <mask> replaced Tavis Smiley as host of interview program BET Tonight. Two interviews <mask> conducted for BET Tonight in 2002 attracted outside attention. The

masks:
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Ed Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon


texts:
 May 8 edition broadcast an interview by <mask> with popular R&B singer R. Kelly, who was facing charges for child pornography. In the interview, Kelly denied the accusations of child abuse. Kelly told <mask>: "I've done a lot of wrong things in my life, but I'm not a criminal."Then on December 16, the program showed his interview with outgoing Senate Minority Leader Trent Lott (Republican of Mississippi) following Lott's controversial remarks at the 100th birthday party for fellow Senator Strom Thurmond that the nation would have been better off had Thurmond, a segregationist, been elected for president in 1948. Howard Rosenberg of the Los Angeles Times described <mask> as "polite but firm" in the interview: "Without being a bully, he held Lott's tongue to the fire...not allowing the senator to dodge, finesse or answer questions that weren't asked." As part of a reorganization focusing on entertainment productions, BET cut its news staff and canceled BET Tonight in December 2002 along with other public affairs shows hosted by <mask>, Lead Story and Teen Summit. <mask> continued to be a contributor to BET through 2004, when he interviewed Democratic presidential candidate and U.S. senator John Kerry for a Speak Now special broadcast October 8. CBS and NPR (2004–2006)
<mask> became a correspondent for the CBS News program 60 Minutes II in November 2004; the show ran until 2005. After Tavis Smiley left National Public Radio (NPR), <mask> began hosting a show on NPR titled News & Notes, a show with a similar focus on African-American issues that he hosted from 2005 to 2006. Recent work (2006–present)
From 2006 to 2010, <mask> hosted the syndicated talk show Our World

masks: Gordon Gordon Gordon Gordon Gordon Gordon Gordon Gordon


texts:
 with Black Enterprise.BET announced in March 2010 that <mask> would return to the network to host "a variety of news programs and specials." <mask>'s latest series Weekly with <mask> premiered on October 3, 2010 with a one-on-one interview with Representative Charles B. Rangel, who was undergoing an ethics issues at the time. In the program, <mask> also discusses news and culture with a four-member panel. The show ran until March 2011. In the fall of 2016, <mask> hosted a weekly primetime newsmagazine on Bounce TV, <mask>. In 2020, <mask> released a book, Conversations in Black: On Power, Politics, and Leadership. Personal life
<mask> has a daughter, Taylor (born 1993), from his previous marriage to Karen Haney.During his career with Washington, D.C.-based BET, he lived in nearby Alexandria, Virginia. Now married to Leslie Howard, <mask> is the stepfather of two children. Notes

1960 births
Living people
African-American journalists
African-American television personalities
American television news anchors
American television talk show hosts
Cass Technical High School alumni
Television personalities from Detroit
Western Michigan University alumni
People from Alexandria, Virginia
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American

masks:
Gordon
Gordon
Ed Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Ed Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon


texts:
<mask> (Sinhalese family name Edirille Bandara) also known as <mask> and Edirille Rala, was the son of <mask> and <mask>. <mask> was also known as Mudaliyar Vikramasinha, Commander-in-Chief of King Mayadunne's army. <mask> was executed by King Mayadunne's son, Rajasinghe. <mask> was born in Colombo in 1565. At that time, the Portuguese had colonised Ceylon, and his parents converted to Catholicism. Following the death of <mask>, his two sons, <mask> and Simon were sent to Colombo for safety – at the time King Dharmapala was reigning in the Kingdom of Kotte. <mask> and Simon were baptised as Catholics and grew up with the young Prince Konappu Bandara – later on he reigned as King Vimala Dharma Suriya of the Kandyan kingdom.De Queyroz, the great Portuguese historian writing about <mask> <mask> noted that "he was able to read and write like a well bred man." Trained from boyhood warlike pursuits, he was skilled in arms, and was dreaded as being one of the most expert swordsmen in his time. King of Kotte and Sitawaka

<mask> <mask> was crowned King of Kotte in 1596. He was given the kingdoms of Kotte and Sitawaka by King Vimala Dharma of Kandy around 1596. John M. Senaveratna, in his book 'Great Sinhalese Men and Women of History' (Volume 3) wrote: 'He (King Vimala Dharma) according him (<mask> <mask>) the precedence of a King, and, in order to cement the friendship between the two, gave him a Royal Princess – Subadra Devi.' (She was the daughter of sub-King Veediya Bandara, ruler of the Principality of the Seven Korales.) Vimala Dharma made a proclamation throughout his capital, that on the following day would be celebrated the marriage and coronation of 'Edirimanne Suriya Bandara' – which was the name (It was his wife's family name) adopted by Corea for his investiture with Royal rank –

masks:
Dominicus Corea
Domingos Corea
Don Jeronimo Corea
Anna Corea
Don Jeronimo Corea
Jeronimo Corea
Dominicus Corea
Don Jeronimo Corea
Dominicus
Dominicus
Dominicus
Corea
Dominicus
Corea
Dominicus
Corea


texts: and ordering that all the grandees of the kingdom should be present in gala dress.Edirimanne Suriya Bandara, the new-made King, wearing a crown of gold on his head, was then accommodated on the seat of the back of the middle elephant; while two influential chiefs – the oldest Mudaliyars of the (Kandyan) Court – rode each on an elephant by the side.' The 'Mahavamsa', the recorded chronicles of Sri Lankan history (starting from the 3rd century BCE), refers to Edirille Rala as a 'war hero.' The Mahavamsa recalls the meeting of Edirille Rala and Commander Veediya Bandara who led the armies of the Kandyan kingdom. Edirille Rala married his daughter when he was crowned King of Kotte and Sitawaka. According to the Mahavamsa, 'He (Veediya Bandara), went and stopped at the Seven Korale. By this time, the ruler there was a war hero. He was Edirimanne Suriya, better known as Edirille Rala.He had made Mudukondapala, a place close to Kurunegala, his capital city. When he saw Commander Veediya Bandara, he was delighted and welcomed him with all love and respect. He was well treated. Then both of them broke into conversation. Edirille Rala, just like Veediya Bandara, was an erstwhile enemy of the Portuguese. As such, this meeting of theirs was extra special. Both of them were enemies of the King of Sitawaka as well.This common feature was something to be happy about.' 'Sabaragamuwe Vamsa Kathawa,' ('Sabaragamuwa – in Legend and History'), a book published by the Sabaragamuwa Provincial Council, mentions Edirille Rala: 'Some of the very heroic and colourful figures in our history are sons of Sabaragamuwa – Parakramabahu I, born in Dedigama, the warrior King Rajasinghe I also known as Sitawaka Rajasingha, Edirille Rala born in Colombo and baptised <mask>, who returned to the village of his ancestors


texts:
 Atulugama near Sitawaka and turned against the Portuguese.'. In his lifetime he fought for all the contending forces of the period, often changing his allegiance. Death
Corea rebelled against the Portuguese, and inflicted massive defeats between 1594 and 1596. Professor K. M. de Silva in his book 'A History of Sri Lanka,' writes about Edirille Rala's revolt against the Portuguese: 'From the beginning however, there was resistance to Portuguese mastery over Kotte. While Dharmapala was alive there were two major revolts, one led by Akaragama Appuhamy in 1594, and the other by Edirille rala in 1594–96.' King <mask> <mask> was captured by the Portuguese and executed on July 14, 1596, at the age of 31 in Colombo."Such was the sad end of Domingos <mask>, Edirimana Suriya Bandara, the greatest Sinhalese of his day," said Sri Lankan historian John M. Seneviratna. 'Great Warriors like Mayadunne, Veediya Bandara, Seethawaka Rajasinghe, Vimaladharmasuriya I, Senarath, Rajasinghe II, Nikapitiye Bandara and Edirille Rala who fought the Portuguese to preserve our territorial integrity and kept the Portuguese at bay despite all odds,' wrote Janaka Perera in the Asian Tribune. The descendants of King <mask> Corea
The Sri Lankan author Kumari Jayawardena, writing about the Coreas observed: 'Unconnected to the liquor trade but making their money on plantation ventures was the Corea Family of Chilaw, an influential goyigama group with a history going back to Portuguese rule when they were warriors to Sinhala kings. During Dutch and British rule, members of the family were officials serving the state in various ways and rewarded with titles. Some members of the family took to the legal and medical professions, most notably the sons of Charles Edward <mask> (a solicitor), who were active in local politics

masks: Dominicus Corea Corea Dominicus Corea


texts: and in the Chilaw Association which campaigned against British land policies – especially the Waste Lands Ordinance, and for political reforms. The most active of <mask>'s sons was C.E. (Charles Edgar) who spoke up for peasant rights and was militant in his stand against the government.He was President of the Ceylon National Congress in 1924. C.E.<mask>'s brother, Alfred Ernest, was a doctor and the youngest <mask> was a lawyer who achieved fame for leading a campaign (and going to jail) in 1922 to protest the Poll Tax on all males; he was the first President of the Ceylon Labour Union led by A.E.Goonesinha and was active in the Ceylon Labour Party. While being professionals and political activists, the Coreas were also important landowners. ' The descendants of Edirille Rala, King <mask> <mask>, still play leading roles in various professional fields in Sri Lanka and around the world. Among the notable contributions to society are ones made by Charles Edgar <mask> and his brother <mask> who were founder members of the Ceylon National Congress and the Legislative Council of Ceylon. C.E.<mask> was elected President of the Ceylon National Congress in 1924. Both were distinguished freedom fighters and were prominent in the independence movement of Ceylon.James Alfred <mask>, brother of C.E.<mask> and <mask>, was born in 1870 – he joined the medical service in Ceylon. He was a clever doctor and what was unique about him was that he charged no fees from the poor for his services. Gate Mudaliyar James Edward <mask> was in charge of the rural police in Pitigal Korale. Sir <mask> was Ceylon's High Commissioner in the United Kingdom and was appointed Ambassador to the United States in 1948. He was elected President of the United Nations Security Council in May 1960 and was featured in Life

masks:
Corea
Corea
Victor Corea
Dominicus
Corea
Corea
Victor Corea
Corea
Ernest Corea
Corea
Victor Corea
Corea
Claude Corea


texts: Magazine. His son Harindra <mask> was appointed Deputy Foreign Minister of the Government of Sri Lanka in the 1990s and was also the member of parliament for Chilaw. Srikuradas Charles Shirley <mask> was a distinguished parliamentarian, MP for Chilaw and Speaker of the House of Representatives of Ceylon from 1967 to 1970.J.C.A<mask> was the first Sri Lankan Principal of Royal College, Colombo. Reverend Canon Ivan <mask> was Rural Dean of Colombo and Chaplain to the Bishop of Colombo in the Church of Ceylon. His sons went on to play significant roles in the media and in the Diplomatic Corps – <mask> was a pioneer broadcaster with Radio Ceylon (SLBC) – he was appointed the Ethnic Minorities Advisor to the BBC in the late 1970s. <mask>, onetime Editor of the Daily News was appointed Sri Lanka's High Commissioner to Canada and Ambassador to the United States in the 1980s. Dr. C.V.S.<mask> was President of the Homeopathic Association of Ceylon. This association was inaugurated in 1951 by Dr C.V.<mask> whose efforts paved the way for the Homeopathy Act 1970 and the appointment of The Homeopathic Medical Council in Sri Lanka.He was also a founder member of Ceylon Theatres in 1928. His son was the Sri Lankan Economist, Dr. Gamani <mask> who was appointed Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations. Another son, Dr.Vijaya <mask> was Director-General of the Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation in Colombo. <mask>, brother of C.V.S.<mask> was a celebrated Sri Lankan musician and composer. His music was played at the first ever Serendipity Festival in London, UK in 2003. It was a presentation of Sri Lankan painting, installation, sculpture, mixed media work, poetry, dance and music in association with the

masks:
Corea
Corea
. Corea
Corea
Vernon Corea
Ernest Corea
Corea
S Corea
Corea
Corea
Norman Corea
Corea


texts:
 October Gallery of Bloomsbury, London. It was the first major exhibition of Sri Lankan art outside the shores of Sri Lanka, since the 43 group exhibited in London.Charles Alfred <mask> (Ernie) was a leading lawyer in Sri Lanka. His son, Dr. <mask> now heads the Edirimanne Corea Family Union in Colombo. Sri Sangabo <mask> is a pioneering advertising guru, he 'discovered' Sri Lanka's 'King of Pop', Clarence Wijewardena and Sri Lankan star, Annesley Malewana. <mask> was a Senior Superintendent of Police in Sri Lanka, his son Professor James Randunna <mask> worked at the King Fahd Teaching Hospital in Dammam, where he trained orthopaedic surgeons. Another son, Deva <mask>, was also a Senior Superintendent of the Sri Lanka Police. The younger generation of the <mask> Family are also playing their part in society across the world. Mohandas Gandhi visits the <mask> Family in Chilaw
Mohandas K. Gandhi ( The 'Father of India' ) visited Ceylon in 1927 and stayed with the <mask> Family in Chilaw.Mohandas Gandhi stayed in a Corea home called 'Sigiriya,' on his only visit to Ceylon. According to an article in the 'Sunday Observer' in Sri Lanka: 'When Mahatma Gandhi came to Ceylon he visited Chilaw to attend a banquet that was hosted by the Coreas at "Sigiriya" the house that belonged to <mask>'s sister and husband. Here, Mahatma Gandhi presented a colour poster under the headline Fighters for Swaraj that featured all the national heroes of India each in oval shaped bust size photographs to <mask> as his photograph too was included in the poster amongst the political giants of India. This alone was a glowing tribute to the campaign for freedom, initiated by <mask> that was somewhat similar to the campaign conducted in India. ' See also
Edirille Bandara
Charles Edgar Corea
Gamani Corea
Claude

masks:
Ernest Corea
Eugene Corea
Corea
Henri Corea
Corea
Corea
Corea
Corea
Corea
Victor Corea
Victor Corea
Victor Corea


texts:
 Corea
Ivan Corea
Vernon Corea
Ernest Corea
Vijaya Corea
J.C.A. Corea
List of political families in Sri Lanka
Edirimanne Corea Family Union
Mahavamsa
Kingdom of Kotte
Kingdom of Sitawaka
Mahatma Gandhi's visit to Chilaw, Sri Lanka
Sabaragamuwa
Mahatma Gandhi
Portuguese period in Ceylon

References

Bibliography
The Mahavamsa – History of Sri Lanka, The Great Chronicle of Sri Lanka
Ceylon and the Portuguese, 1505–1658  By P.E. Peiris (1920)
The Conquest of Ceylon (Volumes 1–6) By Fr.Fernao de Queyroz, tr. Fr. S. G. Perera, Ceylon Government Press, (1930)
Great Sinhalese Men and Women of History – Edirille Bandara (Domingos Corea) By John M. Senaveratna, (1937)
A History of Sri Lanka By Professor K.M.De Silva (1981)
Sabaragamuwa Vansa Kathawa – Sabaragamuwa – in Legend and History By Sabaragamuwa Provincial Council, (2004)
The Fall of a Warrior – Edirille Bandara By Sarath Kumarawardane (2006)
Twentieth Century Impressions of Ceylon: Its History, People, Commerce, Industries and Resources By A.W. Wright, Asian Educational Services, India; New Ed edition (Dec 15, 2007)

External links
<mask> <mask> – King of Kotte
The Mahavamsa History of Sri Lanka The Great Chronicle of Sri Lanka
Veediya Bandara Seeks Refuge – reference to Edirille Rala, Sunday Times, Sri Lanka
The End of Edirille Rala (King Domingos <mask>), Sunday Times, Sri Lanka
The Fall of a Warrior – Edirille Bandara, Book Review, Daily News, Sri Lanka
Vernon Corea The Golden Voice of Radio Ceylon
Blog on Vernon Corea 1927–2002
Mahatma Gandhi and the Corea Family of Chilaw
References to King <mask> <mask> in Twentieth Century Impressions of Ceylon by Arnold Wright
Reference to Edirille Bandara in Lanka Library
The Family Gatherings of Sri Lankan Society By Dr. Mirando Obeysekere, Daily News, Sri Lanka

1565 births
1596


texts:
<mask> (born May 2, 1990), also known by his nickname "T-Puds", is an American professional street skateboarder. Early life
<mask> was born in Simi Valley, California, United States (US). In a February 2013 online interview, <mask> explained that Justin Schulte (also a sponsored skateboarder as of March 2013) was the friend that he would mostly skateboard with during his early adolescence. As a teenager, <mask> would spend his time skateboarding with his friend Arturo at the Skatelab in Simi Valley, California. Five years after the facility opened, <mask> was featured in the Skatelab "all-time accident report" and owner Todd Huber explained in 2009: "<mask> had 117 accidents—more than anyone else on there and he was only thirteen." It was during his teenage years that <mask> originated the Grizzly Griptape brand. Professional skateboarding
<mask> was around 14 years of age when his part appeared in the 2005 Shorty's video How To Go Pro.Shorty's was <mask>'s first board sponsor and following the demise of the brand, he was a flow rider for Alien Workshop for "at least a year". <mask> was then invited to join the Almost team by company co-owner Daewon Song—who had first made contact after the cessation of Shorty's—during the pair's time as DVS team riders (as of December 2014, <mask> and Song remain DVS teammates). <mask> explained in 2010:

After Alien [Workshop], I floated around, getting boards from Chocolate [Skateboards] for a couple months and then Daewon [Song] hit me up. He hit me up before that, around the time I left Shorty’s, but I had something lined up with Alien, so I wanted to stay loyal—not hop around. It

masks:
Torey Jamieson Pudwill
Pudwill
Pudwill
Pudwill
Pudwill
Torey
Pudwill
Pudwill
Pudwill
Pudwill
Pudwill
Pudwill


texts: didn’t work out the way I saw it in my head though. <mask> accepted Song's offer and achieved professional status in August 2008 during his tenure at Almost. Following the announcement that <mask> had decided to join the Plan B team, Schulte was announced as a new Almost rider and a short video part accompanied the announcement.An official announcement was released in March 2010, stating that <mask> had joined the Plan B Skateboards team, alongside skateboarders such as Danny Way, Colin McKay, Ryan Sheckler, PJ Ladd and Paul Rodriguez. A welcome video that was published on the Internet also accompanied the announcement. Following his change to Plan B, <mask> used some of the footage he had filmed while at Almost for his first-ever video part in a TransWorld SKATEboarding magazine production. The video, Hallelujah, was released to the public on July 28, 2010, and also featured professional skateboarders Ryan Decenzo, Pete Eldridge, Taylor Bingaman, and Tyler Bledsoe. <mask>'s first full video part for Plan B, "<mask> <mask>'s Big Bang!," was released on July 4, 2014, as a free DVD with an issue of Thrasher. The video was also released on the Thrasher website and YouTube channel, and as of December 2, 2014, the latter received over four million views. On January 4, 2012, a teaser video was released, featuring <mask> performing an upward tailslide-to-kick flip-out on a ledge, stating that the Plan B video is due for release in summer of 2013.The video is the first in a series of teasers that will be released during the period leading up to the video release date. In October 2012, the DVS Shoe Company published a press

masks: Pudwill Pudwill Pudwill Pudwill Pudwill Torey Pudwill Pudwill


texts:
 release stating that <mask> had signed a three-year contract. The press release revealed that the two signature shoes that <mask> has released with the company have been among the brand's most popular. As of the press release date, <mask>'s third shoe model was in the process of being designed. <mask> explained in a May 2013 interview:

I’ve been with DVS for a long time and it’s definitely part of my roots in skateboarding. DVS is a big part of me and we have a solid team and family there. We’re all really close and as a team we’re all really hyped on each other.I recently re-signed with them and we’re rebuilding with a solid crew especially with guys like Daewon and Chico. We’re all working tough towards new goals for the brand. It’s shoes and skateboarding, man. It’s sick. <mask>'s part for the inaugural Plan B full-length video, True, was used as the concluding section. The video premiered on November 23, 2014, at the Ricardo Montalbán Theatre in Hollywood, California. Sponsors
Pudwill's sponsors are: Thank You Skate Co, Diamond Supply Co, Bones Bearings, Venture Trucks, Ghetto Child Wheels, Grizzly Grip, Happy Hour, Loud, Red Bull, Nike SB and Nixon Watches.<mask>'s former sponsors are Shorty's,Plan B, Alien Workshop (flow), Chocolate (flow), Force Trucks, DVS Shoes, Almost, CCS, and Matix. On January 2nd, 2016 <mask> announced that he no longer rides for DVS Shoes leaving his 10 year venture with the company, now he rides for Diamond Footwear. On October 19, 2018 <mask> and Plan B announced his departure via Instagram. Contest history
<mask> won the "Best Trick" title (while also finishing third in the overall

masks: Pudwill Pudwill Pudwill Pudwill Pudwill Pudwill Pudwill Pudwill Pudwill


texts:
 ranking) at the 2011 Tampa Pro contest—held at the Skatepark of Tampa in Tampa, Florida, US—and finished in fifth position at the Seattle, US stop of the Street League Skateboarding competition of the same year. <mask> then placed first at the 2012 Tampa Pro contest. Entrepreneur
<mask> is the owner of Grizzly Griptape, which is distributed through Diamond Supply Company as of August 2012. He started the brand as a teenager, using a baking mold as the original inspiration for the logo design.As of March 2013, the company also manufactures apparel and accessories. Awards
In 2011, <mask> received the "Street Skater of the Year" award from Transworld Skateboarding magazine. Following the announcement of the award, Transworld elaborated on the decision with a video segment that was published on its website—entitled "Why We Picked ...", the segment features interviews with Transworld staff members and other professional skateboarders. Influence
Following <mask>'s selection as Street Skater of the Year in 2011, professional skateboarder and entrepreneur Jeron Wilson stated: "I don't think you can say anything bad about <mask>. He's one of those guys that's just, hands down, one of, like, the greatest skateboarders and the coolest dude. He's obviously an awesome skateboarder, but he's also an awesome human." Wilson's comments were compiled as part of the "Why We Picked ..." segment that was published on the Transworld website and editor of Transworld Kevin Duffel also contributed to the video:

I actually just read a bit online of someone saying that they're gonna call this era [2010s] the "Torey Pudwill Era".And, I mean,

masks: Pudwill Torey Pudwill Pudwill Torey


texts:
 it's kind of funny when you think about it, but, at the same time, it's pretty true. It's, like, this dude is really changing the game for a lot of people. The amount of tech skill he has is definitely unmatched. In terms of his own influences, <mask> has spoken of Plan B cofounder and co-owner Danny Way in interviews and in 2013 explained: "Danny is tight. He’s awesome to kick it with and he can pretty much do whatever he wants. He’s Danny Way. He’s got that all access pass.Just to see the motivation and dedication he has to film for this video makes me want to never give up and film my part as if my life depended on it." Videography
DVS: Skate More (2005)
Shorty's: How To Go Pro (2005)
DVS: European Vacation (2006)
Jereme Rogers' Neighborhood (2006)
Tampa Am Experience 2006 (2006)
DVS: East Infection Tour (2007)
DVS: Boyz N The Hood (2007)
DVS: City of Dogs (2007)
Matix: Ams Going Green Tour (2007)
DVS: Summer Bailout Package (2008)
Transworld: Skate & Create (2008)
DVS: Dudes Dudes Dudes (2008)
Proof (2009)
Thrasher: Double Rock (2009)
DVS: Videography Collection (2010)
Transworld: Hallelujah (2010)
Plan B: <mask> <mask>'s Big Bang! (2011)
DVS: Ill in Brazil (2013)
Primitive: Pain Is Beauty (2013)
Plan B: True
DVS: Supernova (2014)
DVS: Planes, Trains, And Automobiles Episode 3 (2014)

See also
Red Bull
Skateboarding

References

External links
 Grizzly Griptape official website
 Plan B Skateboards official website
 Ghetto Child Wheels official website

 <mask> <mask> at ESPN

Living people
People from Simi Valley, California
1990 births
American skateboarders
X Games athletes
Sportspeople from Ventura

masks: Pudwill Torey Pudwill Torey Pudwill


texts: Lieutenant Colonel <mask> (born October 21, 1963) is a lawyer and veteran of the Iraq War who unsuccessfully sought election to the United States Congress from the Second District of Ohio in the August 2, 2005, special election. <mask>, a Democrat, narrowly lost to Republican Jean Schmidt, a former member of the Ohio House of Representatives, providing the best showing in the usually solidly Republican district by any Democrat since the 1974 election. <mask>'s campaign attracted national attention and substantial expenditures by both parties. It was viewed by some observers as the first round of the 2006 elections. In October 2005, <mask> said he would seek the Democratic nomination in 2006 to challenge incumbent U.S. Senator Mike DeWine; however, he dropped out of the race on February 14, 2006, and said that he would return to his law practice. On April 9, 2009, <mask>, acting as defense counsel to Sgt.Ryan Weemer, USMC, obtained an acquittal on charges of murdering an insurgent in Fallujah on November 9, 2004, the Second Battle of Fallujah's first day. Weemer had contacted <mask> two years earlier after he had successfully represented other Marines charged with violations of the law of war in Haditha in November 2005. <mask> represented Weemer pro bono. When asked why, <mask> stated that "these Marines protected me when I was in Fallujah, it's the least I could do." The trial lasted two weeks after which the 8 member court martial deliberated for 8 hours and announced its decision acquitting Weemer of all charges and specifications, to unpremeditated murder and dereliction of duty. Weemer's acquittal was awarded by the 8 member jury despite

masks:
Paul Lewis Hackett III
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett


texts: the government's introduction into evidence of Weemer's audio confession to the alleged violations of war. Despite the audio confession, the 8 member jury was persuaded by <mask>'s argument and through his cross examination of NCIS Special Agent Fox that Weemer had been coerced into confessing to the charged offenses by his interrogators; namely NCIS Special Agent Fox.This is the only known instance in American Jurisprudence that a jury acquitted a defendant of murder charges after the acceptance into evidence by the trial court and publication to the jury of the defendant's alleged audio confession. <mask>, who The New York Times said is six foot two and "garrulous, profane, and quick with a barked retort or a mischievous joke", was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of <mask> and <mask>, who lived at the time in Gates Mills. When an infant, his family moved to West Palm Beach, Florida, where his father worked for the Pratt and Whitney aircraft engine company. Before <mask> started school, his family returned to Ohio when his father took a job with the General Electric Company's aircraft engine division in Evendale, a Cincinnati suburb. <mask> lived in the Ohio towns of Wyoming, Montgomery and Indian Hill, and attended the Seven Hills School and Indian Hill High School. He has a B.A. from Case Western Reserve University and a J.D.from the Cleveland-Marshall College of Law at Cleveland State University. <mask> also attended American University in Washington, D.C., studying under the university's Washington Semester program in Journalism. <mask> was admitted to the Ohio bar on November 7, 1988, and practices law in downtown Cincinnati with the

masks:
Hackett
Background Hackett
Paul
Beth Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett


texts: Hackett Law Office, which he opened in 1994. Additionally, <mask> was admitted to the Colorado bar on April 26, 2016. <mask> saw active duty in the United States Marine Corps from 1989 to 1992, and then joined the Select Marine Corps Reserve. In 2004, he volunteered for active duty in the Iraq War, spending seven months as a civil affairs officer with the 4th Civil Affairs Group of the 1st Marine Division. He was assigned to Ramadi and supported the Fallujah campaign and reconstruction efforts there in addition to acting as a convoy commander on over 150 convoys throughout Al Anbar Province during his deployment.On October 21, 2004, a convoy under his command was hit by two roadside bombs, but <mask> was uninjured. He returned to Ohio in early 2005. <mask> continues to serve in the United States Marine Corps Reserves and is expected to retire from the Marine Corps in April 2022 after more than 28 years of commissioned service in the Marine Corps. He is believed to be the oldest serving Marine to score a perfect score on the rigorous Marine Corps Physical Fitness Test and Combat Fitness Test. On June 11, 2021, at age 59 <mask> performed his final annually required Physical Fitness Test for the Marine Corps receiving a perfect score as follows:  20 pull ups, 3 mile run completed in 17:11 at 5,280' of altitude and "holding" the abdominal plank position for 4:20. <mask>'s personal awards include the Meritorious Service Medal, the Navy-Marine Corps Commendation Medal and the Combat Action Ribbon. <mask> is married to Suzanne (Suzi) C<mask>.They have three children, Grace (born  1997), Seamus (born 2000), and Liam (born 2003). The family lives in

masks:
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
. Hackett


texts:
 Indian Hill, an affluent Cincinnati suburb, on a small farm along the Little Miami River built in 1802. Milford council
<mask> was elected to the city council of Milford, Ohio, a city in Clermont and Hamilton Counties, in 1995 to replace Chris Imbus, who was recalled from office by a vote of 410 to 86. In the recall election on May 2, he defeated businessman Jacques E. Smith by a vote of 388 to 81. On the Milford council, he opposed efforts to rezone a parcel of land in order to retain the Milford post office within the city limits. He resigned from the council in September 1998 to devote more time to his family and his law practice and was replaced on the council by James Gradolf. When <mask> purchased a home in Indian Hill in 2000, the purchase made The Cincinnati Enquirer'''s column of most expensive real-estate transactions in the area.Race for Congress

thumb|300px|Detailed Map of Ohio's Second Congressional District
<mask> decided to run for Congress because "with all that this country has given me, I felt it wasn't right for me to be enjoying life in Indian Hill when Marines were fighting and dying in Iraq," he told The Cincinnati Post. <mask> told the Dayton Daily News his friend Mike Brautigam, who met him at the airport upon his return, had told him Rob Portman, congressman since 1993, was resigning to become United States Trade Representative and <mask> should run for his seat. <mask> decided to enter the race before reaching home. Special general election
<mask> faced Republican nominee Jean Schmidt in the August 2, 2005, special election. Schmidt, a former schoolteacher described by The New York Times as "small, wiry, and intense,

masks: Hackett Hackett Hackett Hackett Hackett Hackett Hackett


texts:
 she exudes seriousness", had been a township trustee in northwestern Clermont County's populous Miami Township for eleven years before four years in the Ohio House of Representatives. The district was a strong Republican one. In 2004, 64 percent of the vote in the presidential election went to George W. Bush.Rob Portman never got less than 70 percent of the vote in his campaigns, no Democrat had received more than 38 percent since Thomas A. Luken's narrow loss to Willis D. Gradison in 1974, and no Democrat had won the district in a regular general election since John J. Gilligan in 1964. (Luken held the seat in 1974 after winning a special election to replace William J. Keating, who resigned, but lost the November election for a full term.) Amy Walter of the Cook Political Report said the Second District was the fifty-seventh most Republican in America. John Green, a political science professor at the University of Akron in northeast Ohio told USA Today "It's a real steep uphill climb for him. It is such a Republican district." Jane S. Anderson, an adjunct professor of political science at the University of Cincinnati who has unsuccessfully run for the Cincinnati city council and the Ohio House as a Democrat, told the Associated Press
It's definitely worth it to the Democrats to put in the effort if only to keep the party energized. Even if <mask> loses, it is very important for the party for him to do well.It could be seen as a sign of opportunities for Democrats in other GOP strongholds. <mask> was undaunted by the Republican composition of the district, claiming:
No single party owns this district. It's not a Republican district, it's not a

masks:
Paul Hackett
Hackett


texts:
 Democratic district. It's actually the seat of the citizens of the Second District. They deserve an opportunity to make an informed decision as to who will represent them in Washington, D.C.

Martin Gottlieb, editor of the Dayton Daily News editorial page, wrote a Republican landslide in the district was "a self-fulfilling prophecy":
It is so overwhelmingly Republican that Democrats typically don't make a real effort as a party. A candidate puts himself up, but generally it's somebody who has no political strengths and gets no financial contributions or volunteer help to speak of. The campaign gets little attention.And the prophecy gets fulfilled. Criticism of <mask> criticized Jean Schmidt as a "rubber stamp" for Ohio Governor Bob Taft's "failed policies" and said she would continue in that role for George W. Bush if elected. At their debate at Chatfield College, he said "If you think America is on the right track and we need more of the same, I'm not your candidate" and asked "Are you better off today than you were five years ago? ", echoing Ronald Reagan's question in his debate with Jimmy Carter in 1980. "Rubber stamp" was <mask>'s catchphrase throughout the campaign. <mask> even appeared in front of the Hathaway Rubber Stamp store in downtown Cincinnati on July 27, to emphasize the point. "If you think America needs another career politician steeped in a culture of corruption who does as she's told and tows [sic] the line on failed policies, then I'm not your candidate," he wrote in a guest column for The Cincinnati Post.<mask> hammered on Schmidt's ethics. When she denied she knew or ever met Thomas Noe, at the center of the Coingate

masks:
Schmidt Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett


texts:
 scandal at the Ohio Bureau of Workers' Compensation, <mask> produced minutes from a meeting of the Ohio Board of Regents that showed Schmidt had indeed met with Noe, once a regent. He laid out his positions in that Post column:
I'm for limiting government. I'm for fiscal responsibility. I'm for a strong national defense. I'm for fair trade. This means I don't need Washington to tell me how to live my personal life or worship my God.And I don't need Washington to dictate what decisions my wife can make with her doctor any more than I need Washington to tell me what guns I keep in my gun safe. I fought for Iraq's freedom, not to come back and have a government tell me I can't have my freedom because the world is too dangerous. Our freedoms are what make America great and desirable to the rest of the world and any government that wants to take away its people's freedoms under the pretense of national security is what makes the world more dangerous. <mask> was highly critical of his opponent's record. On June 12, he went to Nicola's Ristorante on Sycamore Street in Cincinnati's Over-the-Rhine neighborhood to call attention to Schmidt and other members of the Ohio General Assembly having accepted dinner there and Cincinnati Bengals tickets from a lobbyist for pharmaceutical company Chiron, Richard B. Colby, on October 24, 2004 and failing to report the gifts on their financial disclosure statements. (The others were Representatives Jim Raussen of Springdale, Michelle G. Schneider of Madeira, and Diana M. Fessler of New Carlisle.) "What will she do in Washington when she's around real big money?"<mask> asked.The Cincinnati Enquirer ran a front page

masks: Hackett Hackett Hackett


texts: story on July 2, reporting on the candidates financial disclosure statements that revealed both were millionaires. <mask> was worth between $650,000 and $1,600,000, while Schmidt was worth between $1,700,000 and $6,800,000, most of her wealth in the form of a real estate company owned with her three siblings, RTJJ, LLC. These figures did not include the value of either's home. The Hamilton County Auditor valued <mask>'s home on  at $552,800 and the Clermont County Auditor valued Schmidt's home on  at $138,510. <mask> told The Enquirer, "I'm a self-made guy. I didn't inherit it. I didn't marry for it.What you see is what I made in the last decade." The newspaper noted the median household income in the district was $46,813. Schmidt used her own wealth in the campaign. She told The Cincinnati Post the week before the election she put $200,000 of her money in the campaign that she had planned to use to buy a condominium in Florida. <mask> was a strong advocate for the Second Amendment, but nevertheless lost the endorsement of the National Rifle Association to Jean Schmidt. <mask>, a long-time NRA member and holder of a concealed carry permit, told The Enquirer "I don't know what I have to do. I've gone against the grain in the Democratic party.There isn't a bigger gun enthusiast than me." (A spokesman for the NRA said the endorsement was based on Schmidt's voting record in the Ohio House and that <mask>, having only served on a city council, did not have the voting record Schmidt did.) Schmidt also won the endorsements of the Fraternal Order of Police. The FOP's Keith Fangman criticized <mask>:  "He has a track record of filing frivolous and


texts:
 malicious lawsuits against law enforcement officers in Clermont County," said Fangman because <mask> had represented a plaintiff in a suit against a Clermont County police officer. "That's what lawyers do," <mask> told The Cincinnati Enquirer. "We're not in the business of filing lawsuits we know are frivolous or malicious." Both candidates talked of the environment.<mask> paddled down the Ohio River to call attention to its condition. Schmidt called for reducing America's dependence on foreign oil by increasing use of ethanol and drilling in Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. <mask> opposed drilling in ANWR. The candidates participated in only two debates. The first was held on July 7, at Chatfield College in St. Martin in Brown County, moderated by Jack Atherton of WXIX-TV, the Fox Network affiliate in Cincinnati. <mask> told the audience his opponent was "a rubber stamp for failed policies" and "if you think America is on the right track and we need more of the same, I'm not your candidate." The second debate was held July 26, at the Ohio Valley Career and Technical School in West Union in Adams County.Howard Wilkinson of The Cincinnati Enquirer said <mask> in the second debate was "trying to paint Schmidt as a Taft-Bush robot." The two also made joint appearances on WCET-TV's Forum on July 28, and WKRC-TV's Newsmakers on July 31. <mask> held campaign rallies in Waverly in the far eastern end of the district on July 11,; in Loveland on July 19,; Mariemont on July 20,; and Lebanon, the northernmost part of the district, on July 21,. <mask> arrived at many events on his Harley-Davidson motorcycle. National attention on the race
<mask>

masks: Hackett Hackett Hackett Hackett Hackett Hackett Hackett Hackett Hackett


texts: attracted national attention to what had always been considered a safe Republican district. The New York Times ran a front-page story on him and articles appeared in USA Today and The Washington Post. USA Today wrote "if Democrats could design a dream candidate to capitalize on national distress about the war in Iraq, he would look a lot like the tall, telegenic Marine Reserve major who finished a seven-month tour of Iraq in March."Schmidt made the Iraq War an issue in the race. She declared on WCET-TV's Forum that "9/11 was a wakeup call. We lost our innocence" and praised the Bush foreign policy. "The foundation of democracy that has been planted in Afghanistan and Iraq", she said, has inspired reforms in Saudi Arabia, Syria, Lebanon, and elsewhere. Schmidt always appeared in public with a button in her lapel containing a photograph of Keith Matthew Maupin, the only prisoner of war of the Iraq campaign. <mask> did not mince words about Iraq or President Bush. He told The New York Times Bush was "a chicken hawk" for pursuing the war after having avoided military service in the Vietnam War.The Times also quoted him as saying Bush was "the greatest threat to America." <mask> in the West Union debate contrasted what President Bush had said in the 2000 presidential debates to current events. "Guess what folks? We're nation-building!" On July 19, Democratic campaign operative James Carville appeared at a fund-raiser for <mask> in downtown Cincinnati that raised $100,000. On July 21, Max Cleland, formerly a United States Senator from Georgia, campaigned for <mask> at a rally in Blue Ash. John Glenn, the astronaut who later represented Ohio in the

masks: Hackett Hackett Hackett Hackett


texts: United States Senate, sent out an e-mail asking Democrats to volunteer for <mask>, and Glenn campaigned with him on July 30, in Cincinnati.Retired general and presidential candidate Wesley Clark also endorsed <mask>. <mask> also received campaign contributions from the Association of Trial Lawyers of America, the United Auto Workers, Cincinnati Bengals owner Mike Brown, and talk show host and former Cincinnati mayor Jerry Springer. Democratic National Committee chairman Howard Dean sent out an e-mail appeal for <mask> which, combined with work by bloggers, helped raise over $475,000 in online contributions for <mask>, making him the first Democratic nominee in the Second District in years who could afford television advertisements. <mask>'s ad began with a clip of President George W. Bush speaking to troops at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, on June 28, 2005, "There is no higher calling than service in our armed forces." <mask>'s commercial then noted his service in the Marine Corps. The Washington Post noted the commercial "avoids any hint that the lawyer is a Democrat." Republicans were displeased.The Republican National Committee's lawyers wrote him saying the commercial deceived the public with "the false impression the President has endorsed your candidacy." Robert T. Bennett, chairman of the Ohio Republican Party, told The Cincinnati Post the commercials were "a blatant effort to dupe voters." The National Republican Congressional Committee, the official Republican Party body that helps candidates for the United States House of Representatives, announced on July 28, it was spending $265,000 for television ads in the Cincinnati market,


texts:
 covering the western part of the district, and $250,000 for ads in the Huntington, West Virginia, market, covering the eastern half. Carl Forti told The Cincinnati Enquirer "we decided to bury him" after <mask> told USA Today, in a story published that morning, "I don't like the son-of-a-bitch that lives in the White House but I'd put my life on the line for him." Forti said the NRCC had "no concern that she will lose. She will not lose." The NRCC ran commercials noting <mask> had voted for tax increases while on the Milford council and quoting his statement on his website that he would be "happy" to pay higher taxes.The full quotation, in regards to raising the cap of $90,000 that Social Security payroll taxes are levied on was
I for one would be paying more in Social Security taxes, but I'd be happy to. Why? Because we've all made a commitment to pass on a better America to our children. Our parents kept their word to us, and we have the same obligation. This pledge is a cornerstone of the American way of life. Those of us who have enjoyed success have a duty to uphold this commitment to our future generations. Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, the NRCC's counterpart, responded with commercials noting that Schmidt had voted to raise the sales tax by 20 percent and the excise tax on gasoline by 30 percent when she was in the legislature.A mailing to voters by the DCCC reiterated these statements under the headline "Who Voted for the Taft Sales Tax Increase—the Largest in Ohio History?" and asked "can we trust Jean Schmidt to protect middle-class families in Washington?" The Coalition Opposed to Additional Spending and Taxes, a

masks: Hackett Hackett


texts:
 Cincinnati-based group founded by Tom Brinkman (who lost the GOP primary to Schmidt), began running ads in the last week of July urging voters to skip the election. COAST's president, Jim Urling, told The Cincinnati Enquirer that this might help elect <mask>, but "we think it will be easier to remove a Democrat next year than an incumbent Republican posing as a conservative." In the general election, the Democratic Dayton Daily News endorsed <mask>. The Daily News said Schmidt's attacks on Senators R. Michael DeWine and George V. Voinovich were "remarkably classless" and "seemed to be saying that voters who like legislators who exercise occasional independence from their party should not vote for her." The Daily News said <mask> was "not your classic suburban liberal" and urged "voter[s] looking for something beyond a conventional political background" to support him.The Cincinnati Post also endorsed <mask>. It noted Schmidt is the latest in a line of "Republican patricians" and "likely to be a dependable vote for the Bush administration" whereas <mask> is a gust of fresh air. If we had to put a label on him, it would be Libertarian Democrat. He says what he thinks and doesn't seem to have much use for the orthodoxy or the partisanship of either party. "The Cincinnati Enquirer wrote
<mask> is an attractive candidate with many qualities to admire . . . bright, personable and charismatic, with an aura of leadership. That he put a comfortable career on hold and put himself at great risk to serve his country merits our respect and thanks  .. . But some of the positions he's staked seem simplistic and not terribly well thought-out. He says the

masks: Hackett Hackett Hackett Hackett Hackett Hackett


texts:
 entire Patriot Act should be rejected—even those provisions that actually have enhanced Americans' civil liberties. He dismisses No Child Left Behind as "Orwellian." <mask> is also a critic of President Bush's tax cuts. Ultimately, the newspaper did not endorse <mask>. "The 2nd District will get a capable representative no matter which candidate prevails Tuesday.But it should get more local bang for its electoral buck if it sends Jean Schmidt to Washington," wrote the editors. General election results
<mask> ultimately lost by a narrow margin, only 3.27 percent, the best showing of any Democrat in the district since 1974. These were the final certified numbers as reported on the Ohio Secretary of State's website. Reaction to the results
Howard Wilkinson wrote in The Cincinnati Enquirer the morning after the election "the fact that <mask> made it a very close election is nothing short of astounding... com[ing] close to pulling off a monumental political upset." <mask> won in the eastern, rural counties of Pike, Scioto, Brown, and Adams, while Schmidt won in the populous western counties of Clermont, Hamilton, and Warren. The Cincinnati Post editorialized <mask>'s success in the eastern counties was in part from "the increasingly desperate struggle in rural areas to provide enough decent jobs for those who want them." Following the election, many Democrats hailed the election as showing the weakness of Ohio's Republican party, which had been in control of Ohio state government for a decade, and public unhappiness with President Bush's policies.Hamilton County Democratic chairman Timothy Burke was delighted. "<mask> was very critical of this

masks:
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
Paul Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
Paul


texts: president in a district that Bush carried easily last November, yet she barely hung on to win. There's a clear signal in that," he told The Cincinnati Post on election night. The Clermont County Democratic chairman, Dave Lane, told the Dayton Daily News "Here we are in the reddest of red districts and it was very, very close." The Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee claimed in a press release <mask>'s strong showing meant trouble for Senator DeWine's re-election campaign in 2006, especially since his son R. Patrick DeWine had lost the Republican primary for the seat. "If Ohio is a bellwether state for next year's midterm elections, things don't look too good for the Republicans", claimed the DSCC. Republicans said the election meant nothing of the sort."There is no correlation between what happens in a special election, where turnout is very low and you have circumstances that just aren't comparable to an election that happens on an Election Day in an election year," Brian Nick of the National Republican Senatorial Committee told The Cincinnati Post.The Columbus Dispatch referred to "the trauma of barely winning a Congressional district long dominated by Republicans" and quoted an anonymous source in the Republican party claiming "there is not a tougher environment in the country than Ohio right now. There is kind of a meltdown happening." Amy Walter of the Cook Political Report told the Dispatch "Ohio becomes the microcosm for the debate Democrats are trying to have nationally" and Democrats would argue in future campaigns "'See what happens when one party rules too long, see what happens with corruption and insider influence.'" Her boss,


texts:
 Charlie Cook, told The Los Angeles Times Hackett's "rubber stamp" charge had resonated with Ohio voters. Peter W. Bronson, a conservative columnist for The Cincinnati Enquirer, wrote "<mask>'s surprising finish was less a repudiation of Bush than a repudiation of Ohio Governor Bob Taft, whose name is now officially radioactive poison." Bronson admitted <mask> "ran a strong campaign" but said he did so well only because of "the ugly primary" on the Republican side, fears that Schmidt was "another Taft RINO" (i.e., "Republican In Name Only"), and apathy by Republican voters, not dissatisfaction with Bush or Republicans in general. John Nichols of The Capital Times (Madison, Wisconsin) saw it differently."The district had been so radically gerrymandered by Republican governors and legislators that it was all but unrecognizable that a Democrat could ever be competitive there" and <mask>, "a smart telegenic Iraq war veteran," had been "swift-boated" in the final days of the campaign by Republican operatives and "right-wing talk hosts" such as Rush Limbaugh. Mark Steyn, a conservative columnist who writes for National Review magazine, wrote in the Irish Times "<mask> was like a fast-forward version of the John Kerry campaign" who "artfully neglected to mention the candidate was a Democrat." Steyn claimed any Democratic efforts to present <mask>'s run as a success for the party were absurd. <mask> told The Cincinnati Post he stood by his criticisms of George W. Bush:
Meant it, said it, stand by it. I'd say it again. For every vote I may have lost because of it. I probably picked up one or two.One voter turned off was veteran Arthur Smith of Loveland,

masks:
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
Paul Hackett
Hackett
Hackett


texts:
 whose letter to the editor in The Cincinnati Enquirer on August 5, said <mask>
attempted to fool the voters by masking the stench of his liberalism, using President Bush and the uniform of the military as a deodorant... I voted for the tax-raising Schmidt but had to hold my nose to do it. I figured it was the lesser of the two evils. Jerome Armstrong stated in TomPaine.com that the returns tapped into the growing movement within the Democratic Party willing to take the Republicans head on about the direction of this nation. Former President Bill Clinton recognized <mask> in an October 23, 2006, speech saying "I hope <mask> sees that his courage to make people see the truth about our policy in Iraq, is now sweeping the nation." 2006 campaign
<mask> on October 24, 2005, announced he would seek the Democratic nomination to challenge incumbent United States Senator Mike DeWine after rejecting a second run against Schmidt. Sherrod Brown, a congressman from northern Ohio and two-term Ohio Secretary of State, had rejected efforts by the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee to recruit him to the race in the summer of 2005 and had on August 17, publicly declared he would not run.Brown changed his mind and declared he would run, angering <mask> who claimed Brown had promised him he would stay out of the race, a claim Brown denies. On February 13, 2006, <mask> announced that he was withdrawing from the race and ending his political career. <mask> told The New York Times that Senate Minority Leader Harry Reid and New York Senator Chuck Schumer recently had asked him to withdraw. He further contends that Schumer sabotaged his fundraising efforts and

masks:
Hackett
Hackett
Paul Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett


texts:
 actively worked against his campaign. <mask> said, "For me, this is a second betrayal...first, my government misused and mismanaged the military in Iraq, and now my own party is afraid to support candidates like me." On March 14, 2006, he appeared on an episode of The Daily Show on a segment which satirized the mainstream Democratic Party's criticism of <mask>. One issue <mask> faced in his campaign is the status of his Marine Corps Reserve unit, which may deploy back to Iraq during the campaign.<mask> had said he expected to return to Iraq in 2006. <mask> later reconciled with Brown and backed his successful Senate campaign. No rematch against Schmidt
Following the exit from the Senate race, <mask> declined to enter the race for the Democratic nomination in the 2nd Congressional District against Jean Schmidt, because he promised the Democratic candidates in that race that he would not run. As a result a number of candidates threw their names into the race, and <mask> kept his promise. Therefore, on May 2, Victoria Wulsin (who came second to <mask> in the 2005 Democratic primary to fill the vacancy caused by Portman's resignation) won the Democratic primary to challenge Schmidt. On May 8, The Cincinnati Enquirer speculated on the possibility that Wulsin would drop out, and allow <mask> to run in her place. This scenario did not occur, so there was no rematch.Post-campaign
After withdrawing from the Senate race, <mask> joined the Advisory Board of Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America political action committee (PAC) to support his fellow veterans running for Congress. <mask> has also done some talk radio by substituting for Jerry Springer on

masks:
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
Paul Hackett
Hackett


texts:
 his Air America Radio show Springer on the Radio, as well as for Ed Schultz on his show. It is not known whether <mask> wishes to continue working in talk radio. On May 30, 2006, <mask> filed a class action lawsuit against the United States Department of Veterans Affairs over the compromise of personal information of 26.5 million veterans which may have fallen into the hands of a thief. "After you've been in combat and you survived it, you've got this real energized sense that, 'I can accomplish anything,' and you view your country differently" he said for The Athens Messenger in February 2008, during a time he was endorsing anti-war veteran candidates such as J. Ashwin Madia of Minnesota via VoteVets.org, which created anti-war candidacy ads on the Internet, opposite Iraq Vets for Congress. On February 17, 2010, <mask> endorsed Surya Yalamanchili in the Democratic primary for the Second District of Ohio. See also

Election results, U.S. Representative from Ohio, 2nd District
2006 Ohio U.S. Senate election
VoteVets.org

References

Jerome Armstrong."More Hackett Jobs" Tom Paine. August 3, 2005. (Armstrong argues that <mask>'s success can be replicated)
Elizabeth Auster. "Attorney staying in race to replace DeWine in Senate." The Plain Dealer. October 15, 2005. A6.(<mask> Brown)
"A bellwether again". (Editorial)  The Cincinnati Post. 16A. (<mask>'s success in rural areas)
"Best Democrat in 2nd race is <mask>". (Editorial) Dayton Daily News. June 3, 2005. A12.(Endorsement)
Peter Bronson. "OK, <mask>'s a veteran--and . . . ?" The Cincinnati Enquirer. August 4, 2005. C11. (Bronson on why <mask> did so well)
Ronald Brownstein. "All political eyes

masks:
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
Hackettd
Hackett
Paul Hackett
Hackett
Hackett


texts:
 again turn to Ohio".The Los Angeles Times. August 4, 2005. 8. (Charlie Cook's remark)
Lawrence Budd. "<mask> hopes duty in Iraq gives him edge in contests:  Democrat seeks seat that was held by Rob Portman". Dayton Daily News. July 25, 2005.B4. (Friend suggests he run)
Lawrence Budd. "Schmidt prevails in race for 2nd District seat." Dayton Daily News. August 3, 2005. A4. (Dave Lane's comments)
 Calls for a good, clean campaign.Lisa Cornwell. "Democrats See Opportunity With <mask>". The Cincinnati Post. June 16, 2005. A20. (Why him and not Sanders)
James Dao. "A Veteran of Iraq Running in Ohio Is Harsh On Bush".The New York Times. July 27, 2005. A1. (<mask> profiled)
Brian Faler. "After Iraq, Marine Plans New Campaign". The Washington Post. July 21, 2005.A6. (Brief profile). Martin Gottlieb. "<mask> tests 2nd's Republicanism". Dayton Daily News. July 29, 2005. A10.<mask>. "Hackett:  No Rubber Stamp". The Cincinnati Post. July 23, 2005. A13. (States views in an opinion piece)
"<mask> offers 2nd District fresher voice". (Editorial).Dayton Daily News. July 27, 2005. A8. (Endorsement of <mask>)
 Hamilton County Democratic party endorses <mask> over other primary candidates. First debate at Chatfield College. Profile of race and the candidates. Barry M. Horstman."A race of a different sort". The Cincinnati Post. July 30, 2005. A1. (Bennett's quote, <mask> approached at airport, Schmidt's condo money)
Barry M. Horstman. "Schmidt wins in a squeaker." The Cincinnati Post.August 3, 2005. 1A. "Lawyer to Vie for 2nd District Seat". The Cincinnati Post. May 9, 2005. A9. (Announces run)
 <mask>'s views on abortion, gun control.Environmental views of the

masks:
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
Paul Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett
Hackett