texts:
<mask> (22 March 1828 - 28 June 1888) was a German painter, especially of portraits. Early life

Amalie <mask> was born on March 22, 1828, in Bremen. She was the younger of her parents' two surviving children. Her parents, <mask> and Friederike B. Schneidel belonged to the diminishing bourgeoisie. Her parents were conscious of living in a state of declining prosperity. They were concerned that because of the family's poverty, neither daughter would receive a dowry. Therefore, Amalie and her sister, Ida, received an “exceptionally intensive 'academic' education” that focused on their talents.<mask> embarked on musical studies, which led to her becoming a piano teacher, while Amalie underwent a 30-month apprenticeship with the Bremen portrait artist Karl Kirchner. The outcome was that both daughters reached adulthood with a sound practical education, a rare privilege among women in the middle part of the 19th Century. Career

In 1849, Amalie was awarded a three-year acceptance by the senate of Bremen that allowed her to be educated at the private Kunstakademie Düsseldorf by Karl Ferdinand Sohn. She was the first female artist to receive a bursary from the senate. In 1852, she continued her studies in Berlin, where she started copying masterworks in museums. These initial years were marked by close contact to the Kugler circle, which encompassed the Bremen artist Louise Kugler, poet-novelist Paul Heyse from Munich and the art critic Friedrich Eggers, originally from Rostock. Between the years of 1855 and 1857, she was based in Paris, learning at the prestigious "atelier" of the "history of painting" artist Thomas Couture and undertaking intensive studies on some of the works of the Louvre.She returned to Bremen in 1857, and for almost 10 years taught drawing at Höheren Töchterschule girls' secondary school of Meta Albers. She inspired a generation of schoolgirls, who loyally continued to support her after she opened her first studio and launched herself

masks:
Amalie Murtfeldt
Henriette Sophie Murtfeldt
Carl Friedrich Murtfeldt
Ida Murtfeldt


type: original

texts:
 as a freelance artist in Bremen. From 1868-1869, Amalie traveled to Italy to continue her studies, with a particular focus on Rome. She set up her own studio with the help of supporters from more prosperous Bremen merchant families, notably the Gildemeisters, the Nielsens, and the Trevinarus family. The support given by leading families brought major benefits to her art works. Amalie later found herself required to make compromises within her art. Amalie was dependent on commissions from the Bremen haute-bourgeoisie.A new wave, represented in Bremen by Arthur Fitger, drew inspiration from classical, historical and mythological themes. In contrast, the Hanseatic merchant patriarchs preferred to take their queue from the Dutch Golden Age paintings. Those traditions were consciously aloof from "luxurious, purposeless" art, and in Bremen found their outlet, above all, in portraiture. Bremen's business elite surrounded themselves with art that they could identify as "necessary". Amalie exhibited three portraits as early as 1850, at a major art exhibition at the Bremen Art Museum ("Kunsthalle Bremen"), and her work featured regularly at subsequent exhibitions until 1874. Her artistic legacy is dominated by portraits for leading Bremen families, and she could not avoid the forced adoption of conservatism on the art scene in Bremen. The time and energy that she had to devote to commissioned portraits and teaching work left her creative efforts artist confined to a parallel secondary career.Middle years
As the years passed, Amalie became aware that her artistic career had fallen short of her hopes. She began to withdraw from the public eye. Her friend and admirer, the well-regarded artist Arthur Fitger wrote, "Amalie Murtfeldt became ever more distant from the wider public in her final years, as her sensitive spirit became less keen than hitherto on exposing her art to the judgment of the general public. But for the few people who had the good fortune to be


texts:
 permitted access to her studio, for those chosen ones, who have the joy of owning one of her works and being able to encounter it afresh each day, came the appreciation of how far she had perfected her talents, restlessly striving with the passing years." Death
On June 28, 1888, aged 60, Amalie, who had been weakening, died. Her grave is located in the Riensberg Cemetery. Fitger delivered a telling appreciation of Amalie's talents in a speech at her funeral.He stressed the harmonious coming together of human and artistic qualities that she was able to bring to her work, thanks to her unusually sensitive personality. Legacy
In 1889, approximately a year after her death, a commemorative exhibition of her works was presented at the city's Art Museum ("Kunsthalle Bremen") at Fitger's request. Her abundant portraiture was well represented, along with paintings of bathing nymphs, Maenad, classical tambouristas and gypsy figures. The exhibition provided an excellent display of the phases of her career, launching a revival of interest in her work among Bremen's art lovers. Fitger was both a friend and an artist whose own stylist approach was close to Amalie's own. He was not alone in praising her among arts scholars and commentators of the time. Nevertheless, neither Fitzger nor Amalie transcended their own age, and their artistic vision had fallen out of fashion by the time of Fitger's own death in 1909.The affection she received for her portraiture by members of Bremen's ruling class during the final decades of the nineteenth century means that her work has not entirely disappeared from view. Among 2019 scholars, Dr. Löhr of Bremen's Focke Museum (which includes in its collection two of her portraits, from 1860 and 1888), considers her work "competently crafted but not outstanding" ("handwerklich ordentlich, aber nicht überragend"). References

Artists from Bremen
19th-century German painters
German portrait painters
German women painters
1828 births
1888


texts:
<mask> (born 5 March 1966) is a Belgian former racing cyclist. He specialized in cyclo-cross racing but also rode on the road and circuit races during his career, he raced as a professional between 1991 and 2004. The majority of his years as a professional were under the sponsorship of  and its various co-sponsors. Biography
Born in Oudenaarde, Belgium, <mask> is a three-time world cyclo-cross champion capturing the 1998, 1999 and 2002 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships. In addition, <mask>q won the 2001 and 2002 Belgian National Cyclo-cross Championships. Accused of being in possession of banned substances, along with Johan Museeuw and nine other riders, investigators visited their houses in 2003, they faced an initial hearing in Kortrijk on 11 October 2005. <mask>q was due to stand trial on drug charges at a Belgian Court in 2006.<mask>, along with <mask> <mask> (no relation), has been managing the Sunweb - Pro Job Cycling Team since early 2007. In September 2007, the long-awaited trial began. <mask>q was found in possession of human growth hormone and Aranesp, a synthetic drug which increases red blood cell levels, which Museeuw obtained from Jose Landuyt. The court proceedings were adjourned until 23 September 2008, pending a ruling from the Constitutional Court on the point of law.

masks:
Mario De Clercq
De Clercq
De Clerc
De Clerc
De Clercq
Hans De
Clercq
De Clerc


texts:
<mask>Soupy<mask> is an American singer, songwriter, guitarist, and record producer from Lansdale, Pennsylvania. He is best known as the lead vocalist and songwriter for American pop punk band The Wonder Years, as well as the creator of folk punk project Aaron West and the Roaring Twenties. History

The Wonder Years (2005–present)

<mask> was originally part of a band called The Premier, which he "thought had a lot of potential," but "kind of couldn't get a foothold on anything," and the members chose to break up and attend college. The Wonder Years were supposed to be "just a fun thing to do on the side when we were bored." The band signed to No Sleep Records in 2007 and released their first full-length studio album, Get Stoked on It!, later that year. <mask> has largely disavowed the album, calling it an "unmitigated disaster." Sophomore effort The Upsides (2010), was released to critical acclaim, and propelled the band to the forefront of the pop punk scene.Shortly after the release of The Upsides, the band signed to Hopeless Records, and released follow-up album Suburbia I've Given You All and Now I'm Nothing the next year. The Upsides, Suburbia, and The Greatest Generation (2013) together make up a trilogy of albums surrounding <mask>'s struggles with fear, loneliness, and feeling lost. <mask> suffered writer's block following the release of The Greatest Generation, and decided that he didn't "want to write about the suburban American experience anymore." Instead, the next

masks:
Daniel Jason "
" Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell


texts:
 Wonder Years album, No Closer to Heaven (2015), was a concept album surrounding the loss of a loved one. The band's follow-up album, Sister Cities (2018), similarly follows a thematic link of unity. Aaron West and the Roaring Twenties (2014–present)

In 2013, <mask> created an acoustic side project, Aaron West and the Roaring Twenties, in an attempt to hone his guitar abilities. The project was originally intended to be a series of fictional vignettes, but he settled on writing "a whole album about one guy."<mask> cited the Mountain Goats album All Hail West Texas and the Weakerthans album Reunion Tour as influences, speaking to how they created such real, whole characters that I found myself invested in their lives and their stories." The project's first album, We Don't Have Each Other, was released on July 8, 2014 via Hopeless to largely positive reviews. The next year, Aaron West appeared as part of the Acoustic Basement segment of Warped Tour. A follow-up EP, Bittersweet, was released May 20, 2016, and the non-album single "Orchard Park" was released on October 5, 2017. Most recently, the project's sophomore LP, Routine Maintenance was released May 10, 2019. Other ventures
<mask> helped produce British pop punk band Trash Boat's debut album, Nothing I Write You Can Change What You've Been Through (2016), and contributed a vocal feature to the track "Strangers". In 2018, <mask> and Ace Enders of The Early November announced Clear Eyes Fanzine, a "musical fanzine" dedicated

masks: Campbell Campbell Campbell Campbell


texts:
 to the TV show Friday Night Lights.Their first EP, Season One, Episodes 1-6 (2019) featured three songs by <mask> and three by Enders. <mask> was one artist selected for ReRed (2019), a cover album of Taylor Swift's 2012 LP Red. <mask> sang "All Too Well" on the Something Merry compilation. On February 12, 2021, <mask> released his debut solo single, "When I Face Into the Wind." Musical style
Much of <mask>'s work references religion, specifically the Catholic Church. He attended Catholic school as a child, but was born to non-religious parents, describing his father as a "full-board atheist" and his mother as "a non-practicing Catholic who doesn't think about it much and doesn't go to church." <mask> is critical of organized religion, saying in a 2011 interview with Alternative Press, "To me, there is no flaw in believing in God.If you want to believe in God, that's fine. Where I find a flaw is in being a part of this church that's basing itself off this convoluted text where you can't know everything, and it can't be 100 percent." Personal life
<mask> graduated from the Temple University College of Education in 2011, and worked with K-12 students at Tanner G. Duckrey School and Joseph C. Ferguson School during his college career. <mask> and his wife Alison have two children together, Wyatt James <mask>, born April 9, 2019, and Jack August <mask>, born October 4, 2021. Discography

with The Wonder Years
Studio albums
 Get Stoked on It! (No Sleep, 2007)
 The Upsides (No

masks: Campbell Campbell Campbell Campbell Campbell Campbell Campbell Campbell Campbell Campbell


texts:
 Sleep, 2010)
 Suburbia I've Given You All and Now I'm Nothing (Hopeless, 2011)
 The Greatest Generation (Hopeless, 2013)
 No Closer to Heaven (Hopeless, 2015)
 Sister Cities (Hopeless/Loneliest Place on Earth, 2018)

Compilation albums
 I Refuse to Sink: A Collection of Prior Recordings (No Sleep, 2009)
 Sleeping on Trash: A Collection of Songs Recorded 2005-2010 (NO Sleep, 2013)

Extended plays
The Wonder Years / Emergency and I split EP (2005)
 Bangarang! / The Wonder Years split EP (Forgive & Forget, 2006)
 2007 Tour EP (No Sleep, 2007)
 Won't Be Pathetic Forever (No Sleep, 2008)
 Get Stoked on It!Radio EP (No Sleep, 2009)
 2009 5 Song Radio EP (No Sleep, 2009)
 Distances (split with All or Nothing) (No Sleep, 2009)
 Under the Influence, Vol. 13 (split with Fallen from the Sky) (Suburban Home, 2010)
 The Wonder Years vs. Heroes for Hire – A Split Record (Boomtown/Hopeless, 2010)
 Punk Is Dead. Get a Job. (split with Stay Ahead of the Weather) (Hopeless, 2012)
 Manton Street (Run for Cover, 2013)
 (Sort Of) A Song for Patsy Cline / It's (Sort Of) a Pleasure to Meet You (split with Motion City Soundtrack) (Hopeless, 2015)
 Burst & Decay (An Acoustic EP) (Hopeless/Loneliest Place on Earth, 2017)

Other appearances
 "Christmas at 22," on No Sleep 'Till Christmas (2008)
 Cheap Shots, Youth Anthems (Kid Dynamite cover), on Carry the Torch: A Tribute to Kid Dynamite (2009)
 "Hey Julie" (Fountains of Wayne cover), on Vs. the Earthquake (2011)
 "Aside" (The Weakerthans cover), on


texts:
 Take Action Volume 10 (2011)
 "Cooking Wine" (Alkaline Trio cover), on A3T: A Tribute to Alkaline Trio (2011)
 "Anchor" (Into It. Over It. cover), on The Glamour Kills Tour Compilation (2012)
 "Living Room Song," on A Comp for Mom (2014)

with Aaron West and the Roaring Twenties
Studio albums
 We Don't Have Each Other (Hopeless, 2014)
 Routine Maintenance (Hopeless, 2019)

Extended plays
 Bittersweet (Hopeless, 2016)

Live albums
 Live From Asbury Park (Hopeless, 2020)

Non-album singles
 "Orchard Park" (2017)

with Clear Eyes Fanzine
Extended plays
 Season One, Episodes 1-6 (Loneliest Place on Earth, 2019)

Solo
Non-album singles
 "When I Face into the Wind" (Loneliest Place on Earth, 2021)
 "Flight No.5" (Loneliest Place on Earth, 2021)
 "In Love in Various Rooms" (Loneliest Place on Earth, 2021)

Albums
 "Other People's Lives" (Loneliest Place on Earth, 2021)

As featured artist
 "Growing Up is Killing Me" by Veara, Growing Up Is Killing Me (Epitaph, 2013)
 "Confinement" by rationale. feat. Mike Kennedy, Confines Acoustic EP (Rationale., 2016)
 "Feel a Thing - Acoustic" by Meet Me @ The Altar (Fueled by Ramen, 2021)

Compilations
 "Broom People" (the Mountain Goats cover) with Ace Enders, Songs That Saved My Life (Hopeless, 2018)
 "All Too Well" (Taylor Swift cover), ReRed (Something Merry, 2019)

References

Living people
People from Lansdale, Pennsylvania
Hopeless Records artists
1986 births
21st-century American singers
Pop punk singers
Singer-songwriters from


texts: <mask> (February 28, 1846 – February 27, 1927) was an officer and adjutant in the Union Army (1st Regiment West Virginia Infantry Volunteers), a Colorado legislator, newspaper publisher, author, farmer, businessman, and poet. Ebbert published the Pueblo Review and Standard newspaper in 1890, authored the landmark meat inspection legislation in Colorado in 1889 and battled with Prohibitionists in the 1910s. As a Director of the Montezuma Valley Irrigation District from 1911 to 1920, he guided the district through turbulent times and helped engineer its dissolution and reemergence as the Montezuma Valley Irrigation Company in 1920. A newspaper article in 1911 touted him as a candidate for the U.S. Senate, and perhaps best describes the respect he commanded: "His record for good works for Colorado is not excelled by any living man and he would command the respect and wield an influence in the highest legislative body in the land that would be beneficial to not only his state but to the nation at large." Ebbert was the patriarch of a farming family in the Cortez, Rocky Ford and Pueblo areas of Colorado. Ebbert's father, <mask>, was the cousin of Congressman <mask> (Ohio Democrat, served 1883–1891). In addition to writing for various newspapers and magazines, <mask><mask> also authored a compilation of his writings and poetry, "On Colorado's Fair Mesas" in 1897.Ebbert represented the counties of Pueblo, Otero, and Montezuma in the Colorado General Assembly in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Ebbert was born in Wheeling, West Virginia. He was the only son of <mask> and John Van <mask>, of Fayette County, Pennsylvania. After

masks:
William Baltzell Ebbert
John Van Kirk Ebbert
George Ebbert Seney
William B
. Ebbert
Charlotte Baltzell
Kirk Ebbert


texts:
 several years in the Union Army, he moved briefly to Covington, Kentucky and the Cincinnati, Ohio area. On Christmas Day, 1866, at age 20, he married Cornelia <mask> in Wheeling. After Cornelia's death in 1881, <mask><mask> and his three children (<mask>, Edith, and <mask>) moved to the Pueblo, Colorado area and took up farming. He soon met and married Catherine Scheutle in 1884 in Pueblo.<mask> and Catherine produced three more boys in Colorado; all died at prematurely. In Colorado, Ebbert established himself as a community leader, author, and politician. He served several years in the Colorado Legislature, representing Dolores, Otero, Pueblo, and Montezuma counties. Legendary railroad chieftain Otto Mears bestowed upon Ebbert one of his rare silver railroad passes in 1889 (Silverton Railroad Pass No. 193). After a respected life in the military, agriculture, and politics, <mask><mask> died on February 27, 1927 in Cortez, Colorado. It was just one day before his 81st birthday.He is buried at the Lewis Cemetery, a few miles north of Cortez, Colorado. Military service in the Union Army

1861–1865: 1st Regiment, West Virginia Infantry Volunteers
Only 15 years old when he enlisted in 1861, <mask><mask> rose from Private to Sergeant Major by 1864. Soon after, West Virginia Governor <mask> commissioned <mask><mask> as a First Lieutenant at the age of 18. Colonel Weddle then appointed Ebbert as Acting Adjutant. Ebbert fought in many famous American Civil War battles, including battles in the Shenandoah Valley (Winchester, Port Republic, and Second Bull Run). He had lied about his age so he could enlist in the Union Army in 1861

masks:
Blanche Hall
William B
. Ebbert
Blanche
William
William
William B
. Ebbert
William B
. Ebbert
Arthur Boreman
William B
. Ebbert


texts:
 at the age of 15. Ebbert served in the 1st West Virginia Infantry Volunteers, Company A and later in Company H. (His father, John Van <mask>, enlisted in 1861 at age 46, and served as a Sergeant in Company I, 1st West Virginia Infantry Volunteers, and later as Corporal, Independent Pennsylvania Battery H, Light Artillery.)Ebbert often faced troops led by Stonewall Jackson, and engaged in battles in the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia, under General Shield, General Sheridan, and others. His first engagement was near Winchester on March 25, 1862. He wrote:

we drove back Jackson. We were under the hottest fire at Port Republic afterwards, where we lost nearly half my company -were defeated, routed, and pursued for 14 miles by Confederate cavalry, which never ceased firing on us during our retreat. He wrote further:

Men who served in the Union Army Regiment with <mask>
Ebbert served under General Shield, General Sheridan, and others. Colonel Thoburn (Thoburn was killed the day of Sheridan's ride. Ebbert described him as "ambitious and reckless of his life.")Colonel Weddle (Ebbert notes that "Weddle was steady and brave, not pushing his men needlessly into danger." Sergeant John Van <mask>, his father. Service in the Colorado Legislature: "a farmer in politics"
Ebbert served in the Colorado General Assembly from 1889–1890 as a Republican, and 1907–1908 and 1911–1912 as a Democrat. He represented Pueblo, Dolores, Otero, and Montezuma counties in the lower house. He was Chairman of the powerful Assembly Rules Committee and served on various other committees. Ebbert ran for Speaker of the Assembly in 1911. Committee and leadership

masks:
Kirk Ebbert
Ebbert
Kirk Ebbert


texts:
 positions
Chairman, Rules Committee (1889)
Chairman, Education, Finance Ways and Means Committee (1889)
Revision and Constitution Committee
State Institutions Committee
Chairman, Federal Relations Committee (1911, 1912)
Indian and Military Affairs
Insurance Committee
Mercantile and Manufacturing Interests
Public Lands Committee
Stock Committee
Towns and Cities

Agricultural leader
Upon arriving in Colorado in 1881, Ebbert quickly built up his farming business.He held numerous offices in the agricultural and business communities:

President, Valley Beet Growers Association
President, Capital Hill Melon Grower's Association (Newdale, Colorado)
President, Rocky Ford Creamery Company
Presided over Farmers' Institutes
City Board of Trade
Director, Montezuma Valley Irrigation District

His legislation in 1889 required inspection of meats 24 hours before slaughter, helping protect consumers from spoiled foreign meat products and assisting Colorado's cattle industry. As a successful sugar beet farmer, Ebbert battled against big sugar companies for farmers' rights. Ebbert's treatise on dirty politics: "Titles are Trash"
Although Ebbert is most notable for his dealings with agricultural issues, he also tussled with Prohibitionists of the time, culminating in his impassioned writings on the shamefulness of dirty politics and political mudslinging. Ebbert publicly supported local control over the legality of liquor (i.e., the "Local Option"). Prohibitionists and some clergy sought to unseat him. During the 1910 Assembly elections, the Anti-Saloon League of Denver and various religious leaders targeted Ebbert for defeat. It is in this


texts:
 battle that Ebbert delivered one of his finest political statements to date.After narrowly winning reelection despite an eleventh hour "hit piece" mailer sent by activist preacher Rev. E.E. McLaughlin, Ebbert retorted:

Ebbert as poet
Ebbert was known as a great orator and poet and possessed a striking command of the English language. He published his writings in the 1897 book, On Colorado's Fair Mesas. The following poem is published in the book:

Family life: untimely death of children
Ebbert reared nine children over a 22-year period. Six of the nine children died prematurely. In Cincinnati:
Louis died of pneumonia at age 9 months;
Cornelia died of cholera at 1 year; and
an unnamed baby boy died at age 23 days.In Colorado:
Wilson died of "stomach problems" at age 36;
Irving died of diabetes at age 19; and
Wolcott died of leukemia at age 19. Only one son survived: <mask> <mask> (1876–1951), and two daughters, <mask> (1868–1952) and Edith (1872–1946). <mask>'s first wife Cornelia died on July 5, 1881 in Cincinnati, Ohio a few weeks after the birth of their sixth child. The baby and mother are interred at Oak Grove Cemetery in Cincinnati. By 1881, two of <mask> and Cornelia's children had died as infants. While giving birth to their sixth child, Cornelia died. The baby died a few weeks later, making it the third child to die.After Cornelia's death in 1881, <mask> moved to Colorado and married Catherine Scheutle on July 1, 1884 near Pueblo. The Ebbert Ranch was located outside Cortez, Colorado, near Arriola. The Ebbert clan had lived in several locations in Colorado over the years: first in Pueblo, then Rocky Ford, and

masks:
William Dickinson
Ebbert
Blanche
Ebbert
William
Ebbert


texts:
 later settling in Montezuma County. The Ebbert Ranch was located off U.S. Route 491 (formerly Hwy 666), 9.58 miles north of Cortez, just south of a large irrigation flume that crosses over the freeway. (It is located on the east half of the SW one quarter and lots 3 and 4 of Section 7, Twp. 37, North of Range 16, west of the New Mexico Prime Meridian.) The Ebbert ranch house was built in 1908 and is still standing.Memorable quotations
"Titles are trash. A league is good if its good. An untruth is an untruth whether spoken by a pauper or a prince." November 21, 1910. "He is one of the fussy, spluttering Denver stripplings who buss around the statehouse and think they are running something." (In reference to Anti-Saloon League activist E.E. McLaughlin.)See also

 Congressman <mask> Seney (D-Ohio), Delegate to Democratic National Convention, 1876. Author of Seney's Ohio Code. Link to <mask> Seney in the Political Graveyard. Ebbert family of Uniontown, Pennsylvania (ancestors of John Van Kirk Ebbert)

Further reading
 Ebbert, <mask>. On Colorado's Fair Mesas: miscellany in prose and verse, Pueblo, CO:Mail Publishing Co., 1897. Ill., 58 pp. This book is a compilation of Ebbert's writings, including poetry, whimsical stories, social and political opinion pieces, and commentary on Pueblo, Colorado and the West.For information and bios on Civil War soldiers, including Ebbert, see http://www.lindapages.com
 <mask>. Ebbert: Arriola Farmer-Politician, in Great Sage Plain to Timberline: Our Pioneer History, Vol. I, pp. 87–90, published by Montezuma County Historical Society, Cortez, CO: November 2009. References

1846 births
1927

masks:
George Ebbert
George Ebbert
William B
William B


texts:
 deaths
Politicians from Wheeling, West Virginia
People of West Virginia in the American Civil War
Politicians from Cincinnati
Members of the Colorado House of Representatives
Union Army officers
Montezuma County, Colorado
Pueblo County, Colorado
People from Uniontown, Pennsylvania
People from Cortez, Colorado
Writers from Wheeling, West Virginia
Military personnel from Pennsylvania
Military personnel from


texts:
<mask> (29 September 1867 – 24 June 1922) was a Jewish-German industrialist, writer and liberal politician. During the First World War of 1914–1918 he was involved in the organization of the German war economy. After the war, Rathenau served as German Foreign Minister (February to June 1922) of the Weimar Republic. Rathenau initiated the 1922  Treaty of Rapallo, which removed major obstacles to trading with Soviet Russia. Although Russia was already aiding Germany's secret rearmament programme, right-wing nationalist groups branded Rathenau a revolutionary, also resenting his background as a successful Jewish businessman. Two months after the signing of the treaty, Rathenau was assassinated by the right-wing terrorist group Organisation Consul in Berlin. Some members of the public viewed Rathenau as a democratic martyr; after the Nazis came to power in 1933 they banned all commemoration of him.Early life
<mask> was born in Berlin to <mask>, a prominent Jewish businessman and founder of the Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft (AEG), an electrical engineering company, and Mathilde Nachmann. He studied physics, chemistry, and philosophy in Berlin and Strasbourg, and received a doctorate in physics in 1889 after studying under August Kundt. His German Jewish heritage and his accumulated wealth were both factors in establishing his deeply divisive reputation in German politics at a time of antisemitism among gentiles. He summed up his feelings about growing up in Germany:

I am a German of Jewish origin. My people are the German people, my home is Germany, my faith is German faith, which stands above all denominations.

masks:
Walther Rathenau
Rathenau
Emil Rathenau


texts:
 He worked as a technical engineer in a Swiss aluminium factory, and then as a manager in a small electro-chemical firm in Bitterfeld, where he conducted experiments in electrolysis. He returned to Berlin and joined the AEG board in 1899, becoming a leading industrialist in the late German Empire and early Weimar Republic periods.In 1903 his younger and much more entrepreneurial brother <mask> died. Heart-broken, his father had to be satisfied with <mask>'s help instead. <mask> <mask> was a successful industrialist: in only a decade he set up power stations in Manchester, Buenos Aires, and Baku. AEG acquired ownership of a streetcar company in Madrid; and in East Africa he purchased a British firm. In total he was involved with 84 companies worldwide. AEG was particularly praised for vertical integration methods and a strong emphasis on supply chain management. Rathenau developed an expertise in business restructuring, turning companies around.High organizational capabilities made his company very rich, and it produced the standards for new chemicals development, such as acetone in Manchester. He made large profits from commercial lending on a wide industrial scale, and those profits were reinvested in capital and assets. Supply chains for the World War
An experienced journalist, Rathenau published in the Berliner Tageblatt an article accusing his own country of manipulating politics in Vienna. As the dual monarchy's relations with Russia drifted, the paper described a secret conspiracy at work in Moltke's War department in which he had taken part. During World War I his opinions hardened. He held senior posts in

masks:
Erich Rathenau
Walther
Walther
Rathenau


texts:
 the Raw Materials Department of the War Ministry and became chairman of AEG upon his father's death in 1915. Rathenau played a key role in convincing the War Ministry to set up the War Raw Materials Department (Kriegsrohstoffabteilung, KRA), of which he was put in charge from August 1914 to March 1915 and established the fundamental policies and procedures.His senior staff were on loan from industry. The KRA focused on raw materials threatened by the British blockade, as well as supplies from occupied Belgium and France. It set prices and regulated the distribution to vital war industries. It began the development of Ersatzkaisertum raw materials, developing supply chains to bring peace and for regime change within Germany. The KRA suffered many inefficiencies caused by the complexity and selfishness encountered from commerce, industry, and the government itself. Personal character

Rathenau wrote about personal and social responsibility to the community at a time when solidarity was required to keep the peace. His characteristics were courage, vision, imagination, tenacity and creativity; yet he insisted technology come to the aid of manual labourers.So one of the joys of work included "pleasure from profit" to elevate society. According to one biographer he is said to have identified a sense of inferiority with his Jewishness, writing that he

realised completely for the first time that he had come into this world as a second-class citizen and that no amount of ability and merit could ever free him from this condition. One heavy criticism which he bore was the implication that Jews could never put Germany first;


texts:
 the idea that the Jews were "our misfortune", as the German nationalist historian Heinrich Treitschke wrote, led to the proliferation from 1880s of anti-Semitic parties. There were no Jewish officers in the whole Prussian Army – the ruling-class in the Imperial Officer Corps was both blatantly and latently anti-Semitic, eventually supporting the Nazis' anti-Semitic policies. After Versailles (1919) he founded a "League for Industry", an offshoot of internationalism that blamed German defeat on a lack of industrial readiness. He wished to exculpate the blame for Germany's war guilt articulated through an acquaintance with Colonel House. Postwar statesman

<mask> was a moderate liberal in politics, and after World War I, he was one of the founders of the German Democratic Party (German: Deutsche Demokratische Partei, DDP), but he moved to the Left in the advent of post-war chaos.Passionate about rights of social equality, he rejected state ownership of industry and instead advocated greater worker participation in the management of companies. His ideas were influential in postwar governments. He was put forward as a socialist candidate for first President; but on standing in the Reichstag was dismissed amid "rows and shrieks of laughter" which visibly upset the man. Ebert's election by the Left failed to heal the deep rifts and social divisions in German society that occurred throughout the Weimar. Rathenau advised that a small town in central Germany was the wrong place for the capital and seat of Government. But his own adequacy was under-appreciated; immediately giving rise to extreme right-wing organizations


texts: within months of the Communist-inspired Spartacist Revolt, "the product of a state in which for centuries no one has ruled who was not a member of, or a convert to military feudalism...," he told the Reichstag, at once deploring the foundation of the Fatherland Party in 1917. In 1918 he established the ZAG living through his philosophy of Deutsche Gemeinwirtschaft a collective economic community.Rathenau encouraged free traders and believed in the efficacy of "preparedness and directional efficiency". AEG was influential: his colleague Wichard von Moellendorff was appointed as Undersecretary of the Reich Economy Office; for a time in July 1919 they worked closely for Weimar with republican Rudolf Wissell. But Hindenburg's technocratic rational economic Programme was borrowed;  while Rathenau, being democratic, warned against short-termism. Berlin's March Days was a consequence of the internal struggle between Finance and Economic ministries. On 20 February 1919 he proposed workers councils. The plan for a Socialist League of nations was overtly pro-Union mocked as the "Paris League" – a throwback to the Second Communist International – they challenged openly for democratic ideas. But a rapprochement with Soviet Union was inspired by Rathenau; it tried to prevent an expansive 'Greater Germany'.Rathenau was appointed Minister of Reconstruction and in May 1921 held a second meetings with Lloyd George and the Reparations Committee. He established good relations with Aristide Briand who praised "a strong, healthy, booming Germany". The era of Erfullungspolitik was high, altruistic self-confidence; he shared a pre-war


texts: fascination for the Hegelian Complex for a corporate Germany chastised by a reverence to a Supreme Being. He was wary of allied decadence, complacent, corrosive of an innocent romanticism expanded into mysticism. His ideas were challenged as "objectively impossible"; Weimar lacked clarity and leadership, while Rathenau was deterministic, and robust over the details. A Levee en masse would be part of this utilitarianism that bestrode his menschen philosophies. This contradistinction about an "unravelled" Versailles which was incompatible with Fulfillment and the role of Reconstruction.Bravely Rathenau held out against the partition of Poland; despite Erzberger's assassination; and threats for extreme National Bolshevists when he joined Joseph Wirth's government after Cannes on 31 January 1922, there was a horrible fear that his days were numbered. In 1922 he became Foreign Minister. Writing before the Genoa Conference that concern for his personal safety was prescient of a foreboding for his own death. The insistence that Germany should fulfill its obligations under the Treaty of Versailles, but work for a revision of its terms, infuriated extreme German nationalists. He also angered such extremists by negotiating on 22 January 1922 Treaty of Rapallo with the Soviet Union, although the treaty implicitly recognized secret German-Soviet collaboration begun in 1921 that provided for the rearmament of Germany, including German-owned aircraft manufacturing in Russian territory. The leaders of the (still obscure) National Socialist German Workers' Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, abbreviated


texts:
 NSDAP) and other extremist groups falsely claimed he was part of a "Jewish-Communist conspiracy," despite the fact that he was a liberal German nationalist who had bolstered the country's recent war effort. The British politician Robert Boothby wrote of him, "He was something that only a German Jew could simultaneously be: a prophet, a philosopher, a mystic, a writer, a statesman, an industrial magnate of the highest and greatest order, and the pioneer of what has become known as 'industrial rationalization'."Despite his desire for economic and political co-operation between Germany and the Soviet Union, Rathenau remained skeptical of the methods of the Soviets:

The question of war reparations vexed Rathenau: Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles imposed repayments that would take Germany decades to repay. Expunging war guilt, converting it into financial and economic responsibility was critical to relations with the Big Four. Yet Rathenau was unable to convince Germans of its applicability. He talked in his "apocalyptic way about society, politics and the problems of responsibility." He was persuasive; the Entente would recognise, he urged, that Germany had to be "capable of discharging its obligations." Philosophy of imagery

Philosopher for socialism
Although he never married, Rathenau did fall in love with Elisabeth 'Lili' Franziska Deutsch, (née Kahn), a society beauty and the wife of his father's business partner Felix Deutsch. She was the daughter of Bernhard and Emma Kahn (née Eberstadt) of Mannheim and the sister of, among others, composer Robert Kahn and Wall St. financier Otto Hermann Kahn.He related


texts: in a notebook titled Brevarium Mysticum finding revealed love in the sight of a soaring eagle, a soulful dedication on a sojourn in the Harz Mountains. <mask> was highly literate and intelligent, wrote several books with deep philosophical overtones. In Zur Kritik der Zeit contemporary human conditioning was critically examined on a sociological basis found in a life of business. This put together another critique into an intellectual context of 'mind over matter', social wisdom and corporate discipline as a framework in the socialistic sciences – Zur Mechanik des Geistes. Rathenau moved ever closer to a rejection of religion, embracing the power of science. He tried to bring people's attention to what changes would be required for a futuristic romantic movement in Von Kommenden Dingen to openly challenge the living of lives. Mechanistics rejected the central feature of Malthusian thoughts on human progress motivated by population growth.His focus was the importance of technology, rather than abstinence for standardisation, specialization and abstraction with positive approbation. The corollary for Rathenau of information-gathering was an exponential explosive growth in data that would enrich globalization. Rathenau delineated his arguments by dividing men into classifications:  Mutmenschen and Furchtmenschen outlined the problems of mass migration across Europe which had resonance with the past. But he saw real significance for Zweckmenschen as utilitarian cunning to set the men of fear in motion. The philosophy amounted to Social Darwinism but there was an unaccredited presumption of delphic adoration for the


texts:
 Greek Parnassus. The theories of mechanization argued that competition could not go on forever as it died in love. Intellectual perorations were reached in pronouncements preceding a great vision for the future of German business.He cannot be directly held responsible for the mechanization of the Panzers movement, for his social idealism was grounded in Rousseau's Great Enlightenment Path. Pure mechanization would have to transmogrify psychological mutation, risk tragedy, and plunging into the abyss. Rathenau was assimilated by a love for St Francis Assisi, a message of service dedicated to the community that restricted his ambitions. A modified or applied mysticism, Rathenau's idea always expressed work as "a joy", and like Schopenhauer he rejected materialism and recognised its pitfalls, using a deep knowledge of technology to simultaneously warn of its dangers. This distinction with Soviet working methods of dialectical materialism was unwelcome in a Germany seeking to rearm. Thus he rallied ideas for management and control as Head of Raw Materials and efficacy of science. Assassination and aftermath
On 24 June 1922, two months after the signing of the Treaty of Rapallo (which renounced German territorial claims from World War I), Rathenau was assassinated.On this Saturday morning, <mask> had himself chauffeured from his house in Berlin-Grunewald to the Foreign Office in Wilhelmstraße. During the trip, his NAG Convertible was passed by a Mercedes touring car with Ernst Werner Techow behind the wheel and Erwin Kern and Hermann Fischer in the backseats. Kern opened fire with an MP 18 submachine gun at close range,


texts: killing Rathenau almost instantly, while Fischer threw a hand grenade into the car before Techow quickly drove them away. Also involved in the plot were Techow's younger brother Hans Gerd Techow, future writer Ernst von Salomon, and Willi Günther (aided and abetted by seven others, some of them schoolboys). All conspirators were members of the ultra-nationalist secret Organisation Consul (O.C.). A memorial stone in the Königsallee in Grunewald marks the scene of the crime. <mask>'s assassination was but one in a series of terrorist attacks by Organisation Consul.Most notable among them had been the assassination of former finance minister Matthias Erzberger in August 1921. While Fischer and Kern prepared their plot, former chancellor Philipp Scheidemann barely survived an attempt on his life by Organisation Consul assassins on 4 June 1922. Historian Martin Sabrow points to Hermann Ehrhardt, the undisputed leader of the Organisation Consul, as the one who ordered the murders. Ehrhardt and his men believed that Rathenau's death would bring down the government and prompt the Left to act against the Weimar Republic, thereby provoking civil war, in which the Organisation Consul would be called on for help by the Reichswehr. After an anticipated victory Ehrhardt hoped to establish an authoritarian regime or a military dictatorship. In order not to be completely delegitimized by the murder of Rathenau, Ehrhardt carefully saw to it that no connections between him and the assassins could be detected. Although Fischer and Kern connected with the Berlin chapter of the Organisation Consul to use its resources, they mainly acted


texts: on their own in planning and carrying out the assassination.The historian Michael Kellogg, argued that Vasily Biskupsky, Erich Ludendorff and his advisor Max Bauer, all members of the Aufbau Vereinigung, a group of tsarist exiles and early Nazis, colluded in the assassination of Rathenau, while the degree of their participation was not entirely clear.The terrorists' aims were not achieved, however, and civil war did not come. Instead, millions of Germans gathered on the streets to express their grief and to demonstrate against counter-revolutionary terrorism. When the news of <mask>'s death became known in the Reichstag, the session turned into turmoil. DNVP politician Karl Helfferich in particular became the target of scorn because he had just recently uttered a vitriolic attack upon Rathenau. During the official memorial ceremony the next day, Chancellor Joseph Wirth from the Centre Party made a speech which soon became famous, in which, while pointing to the right side of the parliamentary floor, he used the well known formula of Philipp Scheidemann: "There is the enemy – and there is no doubt about it: This enemy is on the right!" The crime itself was soon cleared up. Willi Günther had bragged about his participation in public.After his arrest on 26 June, he confessed to the crime without holding anything back. Hans Gerd Techow was arrested the following day, Ernst Werner Techow, who was visiting his uncle, three days later. Fischer and Kern, however, remained on the loose. After a daring flight, which kept Germany in suspense for more than two weeks, they were finally spotted at Saaleck Castle in Thuringia,


texts: whose owner was himself a secret member of the Organisation Consul. On 17 July, they were confronted by two police detectives. While waiting for reinforcements during the stand-off, one of the detectives fired at a window, unknowingly killing Kern by a bullet in the head. Fischer then took his own life.When the crime was brought to court in October 1922, Ernst Werner Techow was the only defendant charged with murder. Twelve more defendants were arraigned on various charges, among them Hans Gerd Techow and Ernst von Salomon, who had spied out <mask>'s habits and kept up contact with the Organisation Consul, as well as the commander of the Organisation Consul in Western Germany, Karl Tillessen, a brother of Erzberger's assassin Heinrich Tillessen, and his adjutant Hartmut Plaas. The prosecution left aside the political implications of the plot, but focused upon the issue of antisemitism. Ahead of his assassination, Rathenau had indeed been the frequent target of vicious antisemitic attacks, and the assassins had also been members of the violently antisemitic Deutschvölkischer Schutz- und Trutzbund. Kern had, according to Ernst Werner Techow, argued that Rathenau had to be murdered, because he had intimate relations with Bolshevik Russia, so that he had even married off his sister to the Communist Karl Radek – a complete fabrication – and that <mask> himself had confessed to be one of the three hundred "Elders of Zion" as described in the notorious antisemitic forgery The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. But the defendants vigorously denied that they had killed Rathenau because he was Jewish. Neither was the

masks: Rathenau Rathenau


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 prosecution able to fully uncover the involvement of the Organisation Consul in the plot.Thus Tillessen and Plaas were only convicted of non-notification of a crime and sentenced to three and two years in prison, respectively. Salomon received five years imprisonment for accessory to murder. Ernst Werner Techow narrowly escaped the death penalty because, in a last-minute confession, he managed to convince the court that he had only acted under the threat of death by Kern. Instead he was sentenced to fifteen years in prison for being an accessory to murder. Initially, the reactions to <mask>'s assassination strengthened the Weimar Republic. The most notable reaction was the enactment of the  (Law for the Defense of the Republic), which took effect on 22 July 1922. As long as the Weimar Republic existed, the date 24 June remained a day of public commemorations.In public memory, Rathenau's death increasingly appeared to be a martyr-like sacrifice for democracy. The situation changed with the Nazi seizure of power in 1933. The Nazis systematically wiped out public commemoration of Rathenau by destroying monuments to him, closing the Walther-Rathenau-Museum in his former mansion, and renaming streets and schools dedicated to him. Instead, a memorial plate to Kern and Fischer was solemnly unveiled at Saaleck Castle in July 1933 and in October 1933, a monument was erected on the assassins' grave. The Nuremberg U-Bahn station Rathenauplatz is not only named after him but also bears his face in portrait along the walls. Fictional portrayal

Rathenau is generally acknowledged to be, in part, the basis for the German noble and


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 industrialist Paul Arnheim, a character in Robert Musil's novel The Man Without Qualities. Rathenau also appears as the ghostly subject of a Nazi seance in a famous scene in Thomas Pynchon's Gravity%27s Rainbow.In 2017, the events and aftermath of Rathenau's assassination were depicted in the first episode of the National Geographic series Genius. Works
 Reflektionen (1908)
 Zur Kritik der Zeit (1912)
 Zur Mechanik des Geistes (1913)
 Von kommenden Dingen (1917)
 Vom Aktienwesen. Eine geschäftliche Betrachtung (1917)
 An Deutschlands Jugend (1918)
 Die neue Gesellschaft (1919) The New Society translated by Arthur Windham, (1921) New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co.
 Der neue Staat (1919)
 Der Kaiser (1919)
 Kritik der dreifachen Revolution (1919)
 Was wird werden (1920, a utopian novel)
 Gesammelte Schriften (6 volumes)
 Gesammelte Reden (1924)
 Briefe (1926, 2 volumes)
 Neue Briefe (1927)
 Politische Briefe (1929)

See also
 Contributions to liberal theory
 1920s Berlin
 Liberalism

Explanatory notes

References

Secondary sources

 Berger, Stefan, Inventing the Nation: Germany London: Hodder, 2004.
 .

 Gilbert, Sir Martin, The First World War: A Complete History (London, 1971)
 Henderson, W. O. "<mask> <mask>: A Pioneer of the Planned Economy," Economic History Review (1951) 4#1 pp. 98–108 in JSTOR
 Himmer, Robert. "<mask>, Russia, and Rapallo," Central European History (1976) 9#2 pp. 146–183 in JSTOR

 Kollman, Eric C. "<mask> Rathenau and German Foreign Policy: Thoughts and Actions," Journal of Modern History (1952) 24#2 pp.127–142 in JSTOR. Pois, Robert A. "<mask> <mask>'s Jewish Quandary," Leo Baeck Institute

masks: Walther Rathenau Rathenau Walther Walther Rathenau


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 Year Book (1968), Vol. 13, pp 120–131. Strachan, Hew, The First World War: Volume I: To Arms (2001) pp 1014–49 on Rathenau and KRA in the war

 Wehler, Hans-Ulrich, The German Empire 1871–1918 Leamington: Berg, 1985. Williamson, D. G. "<mask> Rathenau and the K.R.A. August 1914 – March 1915," Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte (1978)  Issue 11, pp.118–136. Primary sources
 Vossiche Zeitung – a newspaper
 Tagebuch 1907–22 (Düsseldorf, 1967)
 Count Harry Kessler, Berlin in Lights: The Diaries of Count Harry Kessler (1918–1937) Grove Press, New York, (1999). <mask>, Die Mechanisierung der Welt (Fr.) (Paris 1972)
 <mask>, Schriften und Reden (Frankfurt-am-Main 1964)
 <mask>, The Sacrifice to the Eumenides (1913)
 <mask>: Industrialist, Banker, Intellectual, And Politician; Notes And Diaries 1907–1922. Hartmut P. von Strandmann (ed. ), Hilary von Strandmann (translator). Clarendon Press, 528 pages, in English.October 1985. (hardcover). External links

 <mask> Rathenau Gesellschaft e. V.

 Speech by German President Friedrich Ebert at Rathenau's burial

1867 births
1922 deaths
Assassinated German diplomats
Assassinated German politicians
Assassinated Jews
Businesspeople from Berlin
Engineers from Berlin
Deaths by firearm in Germany
Foreign Ministers of Germany
German anti-communists
German male writers
German science fiction writers
German terrorism victims
Government ministers of Germany
Jewish German politicians
Male murder victims
Organisation Consul victims
People from Steglitz-Zehlendorf
People from the Province of Brandenburg
People murdered in Berlin
Soldiers of the French Foreign Legion
Weimar

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Walther
W Rathenau
W Rathenau
W Rathenau
Walter Rathenau
Walther


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<mask> (born May 29, 1967) is an American football coach who is the running backs coach for the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL). <mask> is known as the former run game coordinator for the Buffalo Bills and interim head coach of the Denver Broncos, a position he held for four weeks in December 2010. He replaced Josh McDaniels after 12 games in the 2010 NFL Season, after which he resumed his primary role as running backs coach. He was the first African American head coach in Broncos history, albeit on an interim basis. College career
<mask> played defensive back at the University of Wisconsin–Whitewater. Coaching career
<mask> began his coaching career in 1991 being the Assistant Graduate Coach for the University of Arizona. In 1992 <mask> became the video coordinator for the University of North Carolina where he would work with the secondary coach until the end of the 1993 season.in 1994 <mask> became the defensive coordinator for Wingate University where his defense would allow only 15.7 points a game and help the bulldogs have an 8-2 record in the regular season and make it to the third round of the playoffs. In 1995, <mask> became the defensive coordinator for Kent State University where he would remain the defensive coordinator until the end of the 1996 season. In 1997, <mask> became an NFL coach for the Chicago Bears as a quality control coach. He would remain in Chicago until the end of the 2000 season. 2001-2003
In 2001, <mask> was hired as the New York Giants running backs coach. There, he guided running back Tiki Barber to three consecutive 1,000 yard rushing seasons and paved the way for Barber to become one of the best offensive weapons for

masks:
Eric Studesville
Studesville
Studesville
Studesville
Studesville
Studesville
Studesville
Studesville
Studesville


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 the Giants in the coming years. In 2002, Barber recorded 1,554 rushing yards which was not only a career high for the running back, but the second-most total in Giants franchise history.2004–2009
After a coaching change with the Giants in 2004 he joined the Buffalo Bills coaching staff as the running backs coach under offensive coordinator Tom Clements. The Bills would finish the season 9-7, their last winning record until the 2014 season, by scoring 24.6 points a game, with Bills running backs 13th in the NFL in rushing. Studesville is largely given credit for the emergence of Willis McGahee, who, after recovering from a catastrophic knee injury sustained in college, gained 1297 yards from scrimmage. In 2005, the running game was the main highlight of an otherwise stagnant team led by journeyman Kelly Holcomb and 2nd year quarterback J. P. Losman, as the Bills finished 5-11 while McGahee gained 1,425 yards from scrimmage. In 2006, Mularkey was fired and Dick Jauron was brought on to replace him; Jauron would keep Studesville as the team's running backs coach under offensive coordinator Steve Fairchild. After a pedestrian year for the Bills rushing attack spearheaded by Willis McGahee and Anthony Thomas in 2006 (the same year that Division III Coe College product Fred Jackson was recruited to the Bills by its then-general manager and fellow alum Marv Levy and remained on the practice squad that season), in 2007, the Bills drafted Marshawn Lynch who gained 1299 yards in his rookie season under Studesville's tutelage. 2007 also saw Fred Jackson's call-up from the practice squad and emergence as a threat, as he played in 8 games and gained nearly 500 yards from scrimmage


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 while maintaining a special teams role as well.2008, under new offensive coordinator Turk Schonert, the Bills offense experienced a renewed commitment to its running backs and Studesville pupils Lynch and Jackson combined for 2,224 yards from scrimmage. 2009 brought about an unsettled year for the Bills offense, as Turk Schonert was fired midway through training camp with former Bills quarterback and quarterbacks coach Alex Van Pelt being appointed in his stead. Studesville's charges saw a reversal of fortunes, as Lynch experienced injuries and off-the-field troubles leading to a suspension, and Fred Jackson led the way with 1,433 yards from scrimmage as they combined for a total of 2,062 between Jackson and Lynch. Head coach Dick Jauron was fired midway through the season and replaced by interim head coach Perry Fewell for the remainder of the season. The entire Bills staff was let go following the 2009 season. 2010–2019

In January 2010, Studesville was hired by the Denver Broncos as the running backs coach. On December 6, 2010, then-Broncos head coach Josh McDaniels was fired by owner Pat Bowlen and Studesville was named the interim head coach in his place.However, the choice of <mask> to replace McDaniels was viewed by some as a surprise. <mask> held the interim head coaching position for the final four games of the 2010 season, during which the team went 1-3, and Studesville started rookie Tim Tebow in weeks 15-17. <mask> recorded his first win as a head coach on December 26, 2010, when the Broncos defeated the Houston Texans 24-23. He remained on the Broncos coaching staff during the tenures of John Fox and Gary Kubiak. On February 7, 2016, <mask> was part of the

masks: Studesville Studesville Studesville Studesville


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 Broncos coaching staff that won Super Bowl 50. In the game, the Broncos defeated the Carolina Panthers by a score of 24–10. On January 1, 2018, <mask> was released by the Denver Broncos.Studesville had retained his position as running backs coach under four different head coaches: Josh McDaniels, John Fox, Gary Kubiak, and Vance Joseph. On January 17, 2018, the Miami Dolphins hired Studesville as running backs coach under head coach Adam Gase. The team announced on February 8, 2019, that they were retaining Studesville as the team's running backs coach despite the firing of Adam Gase as head coach and the hiring of Brian Flores in that role. Studesville received an additional title of co-offensive coordinator on March 11, 2021. Despite the Dolphins' struggles for much of Studesville's tenure, he has survived 3 coaching changes (Adam Gase, Brian Flores, and Mike McDaniel). Personal life
Studesville is the son of  Alphonse and Janet Studesville

Head coaching record

References

External links
 Miami Dolphins profile

1967 births
Living people
American football defensive backs
Arizona Wildcats football coaches
Buffalo Bills coaches
Chicago Bears coaches
Denver Broncos head coaches
Kent State Golden Flashes football coaches
Miami Dolphins coaches
New York Giants coaches
North Carolina Tar Heels football coaches
Wingate Bulldogs football coaches
Wisconsin–Whitewater Warhawks football players
Sportspeople from Madison, Wisconsin
Players of American football from Wisconsin
African-American coaches of American football
African-American players of American football
National Football League offensive coordinators
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American


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<mask>, Earl of Northumbria (, ) (died 31 May 1076) was the last of the Anglo-Saxon earls and the only English aristocrat to be executed during the reign of William I. Early life
Waltheof was the second son of Siward, Earl of Northumbria. His mother was Aelfflaed, daughter of Ealdred, Earl of Bernicia, son of Uhtred, Earl of Northumbria. In 1054, <mask>'s brother, Osbeorn, who was much older than he, was killed in battle, making Waltheof his father's heir. Siward himself died in 1055, and <mask> being far too young to succeed as Earl of Northumbria, King Edward appointed Tostig Godwinson to the earldom. Waltheof was said to be devout and charitable and was probably educated for a monastic life. Around 1065, however, he became an earl, governing Northamptonshire and Huntingdonshire.Following the Battle of Hastings he submitted to William and was allowed to keep his pre-Conquest title and possessions. He remained at William's court until 1068. First revolt
When Sweyn II invaded Northern England in 1069, Waltheof and Edgar Aetheling joined the Danes and took part in the attack on York. He would again make a fresh submission to William after the departure of the invaders in 1070. He was restored to his earldom, and went on to marry William's niece, Judith of Lens. In 1071, he was appointed Earl of Northampton. The Domesday Book mentions Waltheof ("Walleff"): "'In Hallam ("Halun"), one manor with its sixteen hamlets, there are twenty-nine carucates [~14 km²] to be taxed.There Earl Waltheof had an "Aula" [hall or court]. There may have been about twenty ploughs. This land Roger de Busli holds of the

masks: Waltheof Waltheof Waltheof


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 Countess Judith." (Hallam, or Hallamshire, is now part of the city of Sheffield)

In 1072, William expelled Gospatric from the earldom of Northumbria. Gospatric was Waltheof's cousin and had taken part in the attack on York with him, but like Waltheof, had been pardoned by William. Gospatric fled into exile and William appointed Waltheof as the new earl. Construction of Durham Castle began under Waltheof in 1072 after receiving orders to commence this project from William.The castle would be significantly expanded by Bishop William Walcher and his successors in later years. Waltheof had many enemies in the north. Amongst them were members of a family who had killed Waltheof's maternal great-grandfather, Uhtred the Bold, and his grandfather Ealdred. This was part of a long-running blood feud. In 1074, Waltheof moved against the family by sending his retainers to ambush them, succeeding in killing the two eldest of four brothers. Second revolt and death
In 1075 Waltheof was said to have joined the Revolt of the Earls against William. His motives for taking part in the revolt are unclear, as is the depth of his involvement.Some sources say that he told his wife - The Countess Judith - about the plot and that she then informed Archbishop Lanfranc who then told her uncle William, who was at the time in Normandy. Other sources say that it was <mask> who told the bishop of the plot. On William's return from Normandy, Waltheof was arrested, brought twice before the king's court and sentenced to death. He spent almost a year in confinement before being beheaded on 31 May 1076 at St. Giles's Hill, near


texts:
 Winchester. He was said to have spent the months of his captivity in prayer and fasting. Many people believed in his innocence and were surprised when the execution was carried out. His body was initially thrown into a ditch, but was later retrieved and buried in the chapter house of Crowland Abbey in Lincolnshire.An otherwise unknown Norse poet, Þorkell Skallason, composed a memorial poem for <mask> - Valþjófsflokkr. Two stanzas of this poem are preserved in Heimskringla, Hulda-Hrokkinskinna and, partially, Fagrskinna. The first of the two stanzas says that Waltheof made a hundred retainers of William burn in hot fire - "a scorching evening for the men" - and wolves ate the corpses of the Normans. The second says that William betrayed Waltheof and had him killed. Cult of martyrdom

In 1092, after a fire in the chapter house, the abbot had Waltheof's body moved to a prominent place in the abbey church. When the coffin was opened, it is reported that the corpse was found to be intact with the severed head re-joined to the trunk. This was regarded as a miracle, and the abbey, which had a financial interest in the matter began to publicise it.As a result, pilgrims began to visit Waltheof's tomb. He was commemorated on 31 August. After a few years healing miracles were reputed to occur in the vicinity of Waltheof's tomb, often involving the restoration of the pilgrim's lost sight. They are described in the Miracula Sancti Waldevi. <mask>'s life thus became the subject of popular media, heroic but inaccurate accounts being preserved in the Vita et Passio Waldevi comitis, a Middle English Waltheof

masks: Waltheof Waltheof


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 saga, since lost, and the Anglo-Norman Waldef. Family and children
In 1070 Waltheof married Countess Judith de Lens, daughter of Lambert II, Count of Lens and Adelaide of Normandy, Countess of Aumale. Countess Judith was the niece of William the Conquerer.<mask> and Judith had three children, the eldest of whom, Maud, brought the earldom of Huntingdon to her second husband, David I of Scotland, and another, Adelise (Alice of Nothumbria) married the Anglo-Norman noble Raoul III of Tosny. One of Waltheof's grandsons was <mask> (died 1159), abbot of Melrose. In popular culture
 Waltheof was portrayed by actor Marcus Gilbert in the TV drama Blood Royal: William the Conqueror (1990). Waltheof is the subject of Juliet Dymoke's 1970 historical novel Of the Ring of Earls
 Waltheof is a major character in Elizabeth Chadwick's 2002 historical novel The Winter Mantle
 Waltheof is a character in Parke Godwin's 1991 historical novel Sherwood

References

Sources

 Chronicle of Britain

Joseph Bain, ed, Calendar of Documents relating to Scotland Preserved in Her Majesty's Public Record Office, London. (Edinburgh: H M General Register House, 1881), I:3, Digital Image Internet Archive http://thehennesseefamily.com/getperson.php?personID=I53812&tree=hennessee accessed 10 April 2021). No 13. External links

1076 deaths
11th-century English nobility
History of Sheffield
People from Sheffield
People executed under the Normans
Executed English people
11th-century executions
People executed by the Kingdom of England by decapitation
Earls of Northampton
Earls of Huntingdon (1065)
Earls of Northumbria (Peerage


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<mask><mask> (September 5, 1917 – September 13, 2012) was an American photographer known for his extraordinary access to Frank Lloyd Wright. He was a sought-after architectural photographer in the 1950s. In a career shift that was part serendipity and part the result of being blacklisted by the major shelter magazines for his stance against the Vietnam War, he later concentrated on documenting the work and lives of the American artists Alexander Calder and Louise Nevelson. Early life
<mask> was born in Casa Grande, Arizona, to Rosaura and <mask><mask>, a sign painter who much later would found Rosarita, one of the first commercial Mexican food companies in the United States. The <mask> family moved to a one-room house built on the footprint of a tent platform in Mesa, Arizona, soon after his birth. All his life, <mask> spoke bitterly of the casual bigotry he encountered growing up in Mesa, and he viewed his acceptance in 1937 to the Art Center School, then in Los Angeles, as deliverance. <mask>'s seven-decade career in photography began in 1939 when the architect Frank Lloyd Wright impulsively hired him to record the ongoing construction at his winter home, Taliesin West, in Scottsdale, Arizona.Just 22 and an Art Center dropout, <mask> had never seen anything like Wright's "desert camp," and he decided to treat it exactly as it appeared to him, as sculpture. The resulting photographs pleased the architect, and Wright soon invited him to join his Fellowship. <mask> recorded the original Taliesin in Spring Green, Wisconsin, and other Wright projects before enlisting in the Army Air Corps in 1941. He was stationed in Italy, where he was a photo officer, running a laboratory

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 that developed film taken from planes during bombing runs. After his service in World War II, <mask> rekindled his relationship with Wright, resuming an intimacy that has been described as that of a father and son. When it was possible for Wright to command his photographer of choice, it was always <mask>. <mask>'s understanding of Wright, forged both in the drafting room and while waiting for the sun to fall just so on a redwood beam, made him an important interpreter of the architect's work.His Wright photographs are featured in dozens of books, including the definitive study of his work, “In the Nature of Materials,” by Henry-Russell Hitchcock. <mask> often included people in his photographs, especially members of the Taliesin Fellowship, which gave the architecture a human scale and also showed how people lived in the buildings. As one of the few able to joke with the architect, <mask> shot some of the only photographs that show him in a relaxed mode. Professional career
<mask>'s Wright portfolio was a passport in postwar New York City to freelance assignments for all the major shelter magazines. He established an international reputation photographing the world as it built and rebuilt, developing a particular specialty in the mid-century modern houses of the 1950s and 1960s, including those of <mask> Saarinen, <mask> Stone, Marcel Breuer, Landis Gores, Philip Johnson, John Black Lee and Joseph Salerno. Magazine assignments also took him to Julia Child's pot-lined kitchen in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and to John Huston's castle in Ireland. He continued to document Wright and his work until a few days before the architect's death in 1959.In 1963 a routine assignment for

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texts: House and Garden magazine took him to the doorstep of sculptor Alexander Calder, the creator of the mobile. “Calder's studio was the most glorious mess I had ever seen,” <mask> recalled. His magazine career came to an abrupt halt in 1968 when he was black-listed for his opposition to the Vietnam  War. Over the next 13 years, he worked as closely with Calder as he had with Wright, documenting his home, studio and artwork in Roxbury, Connecticut, as well as his houses and studios in Sache, France. Any unhappiness he felt at being black-listed was compensated by the opportunity to shadow Calder, whose playful mobiles, stabiles, jewelry and homemade kitchen tools intrigued him every bit as much as Wright's masterpieces. In any event, he had, he said, grown weary of pristine interiors. From 1979 to 1984, <mask> documented the severe and mysterious work of another sculptor he admired, Louise Nevelson, as well as her studio and home in Greenwich Village.Among the many books illustrated with <mask>'s photographs are three of his own, <mask><mask>: A Photographer's Journey (2007); Picturing Wright: An Album from Frank Lloyd Wright's Photographer (re-released in 2015); and Calder at Home: The Joyous Environment of Alexander Calder (1998). In his heyday, <mask> never achieved the celebrity of the competition, which included Julius Shulman, Balthazar Korab and <mask>. <mask>, who represented himself, was not particularly good at self-promotion, although he was, as Dwell magazine said, "a sublime storyteller —– with or without the camera." The black list began a long fallow period. that coincided with a temporary decline of interest in Wright. Exhibitions and critical acclaim came

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 relatively late in life. Just before <mask> died in 2012, the architectural critic Martin Filler wrote that <mask>'s pictures often surpassed "his contemporaries' typically glib endorsements of the work they depicted."<mask>, the former managing director of the Julius Shulman Institute, has described <mask>'s "canonical contributions to the history of architecture." <mask>, who lived for many years in New Canaan, Connecticut, died on Sept. 13, 2012, at his home in Florence, Arizona, at age 95. Documentary
The documentary <mask><mask>: A Photographer’s Journey (Paradigm Productions) was aired in fall 2015 as a co-presentation of Latino Public Broadcasting's VOCES and WNET American Masters. The photographer was also the subject of the  documentary <mask><mask>: Portrait of an Image Maker (Gnosis Ltd.), completed in 2007, and aired through 2012 on PBS. Bibliography
 <mask>, <mask>. A Photographer's Journey with Frank Lloyd Wright, Alexander Calder, and Louise Nevelson, Princeton Architectural Press, 2007,
 <mask>, <mask>. Calder at Home: The Joyous Environment of Alexander Calder, Stewart, Tabori & Chang, 1998,
 <mask>, <mask>. Picturing Wright: An Album from Frank Lloyd Wright's Photographer, Pomegranate Press, 1993,
 Albee, <mask>, introduction; photographs by <mask>. <mask>, "Louise Nevelson: Atmospheres and Environments," Clarkson N. Potter, 1980,
 Arnason, H.H., text, photographs by <mask>. <mask>, "Calder," Van Nostrand, 1966. References

External links

 Official site

1917 births
2012 deaths
People from Casa Grande, Arizona
American photographers
American people of Mexican descent
Frank Lloyd Wright
United States Army officers
United States Army personnel of

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<mask> (November 1, 1859 – April 4, 1912) was the 50th Governor of the U.S. state of North Carolina from 1901 to 1905. After starting his career as a lawyer and teacher, he became active in the Democratic Party during the party's Solid South period, and made his reputation as a prominent segregationist. He became known as "the Education Governor" for his advocacy for the improvement of North Carolina's public school systems, and following his term in office, he traveled the country promoting educational causes. Early life
<mask><mask> was born in Wayne County, North Carolina, as the youngest of the 10 children of Benjamin and <mask>. His family lived near the present-day town of Fremont, North Carolina, then known as Nahunta. Though his father died when he was 15, his mother and older brothers recognized his abilities and determined that he should go to college. <mask> attended the University of North Carolina (today the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) and joined the Philanthropic Society, a debate and literary society at the university.After graduating in 1880 with first honors in both oratory and essay writing, he entered law practice in Goldsboro and supplemented his income by teaching school. His success in both fields led to his appointment as superintendent of schools for Wayne County and to service on the school board in Goldsboro. His political career began in 1888 as a presidential elector for Grover Cleveland, when he gained distinction as an orator and political debater. From 1893 to 1897, he served as U.S. attorney for the Eastern District of North Carolina. White supremacy campaigns
In 1898 and 1900, <mask> was prominent in the Democratic Party's "white supremacy" campaigns. <mask>'s involvement with the Wilmington insurrection of 1898 is chronicled in an official state commission report. "Planned violence to suppress the African American and Republican communities grew into unplanned bloodshed.The frenzy over white supremacy victory, incessantly repeated by orators such as

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 Alfred Moore Waddell and <mask>, simply could not be quieted after an overwhelming and somewhat anticlimactic election victory." <mask> was reportedly not present in Wilmington the day of the insurrection. In 1899, the heavily Democrat state legislature of North Carolina passed a suffrage amendment to the state constitution. This amendment added a poll tax and literacy test, as well as a grandfather clause to avoid disenfranchising poor white voters. <mask> supported the amendment, and urged legislatures to submit it to a popular vote in an August election - moved up from November. In the same election, <mask> ran for governor against Republican Spencer B. Adams. On the campaign trail, his supporters displayed one of the rapid-fire guns from the Wilmington insurrection of 1898 and <mask> regularly appeared with Red Shirts.In the 1900 North Carolina gubernatorial election, the suffrage amendment was confirmed and <mask> was elected governor. He reportedly won 60% of the vote, but this was in part due to voter fraud. In several counties the number of votes for <mask> exceeded the number of eligible voters by several hundred. Governor
As governor, <mask> became known as the "Education Governor" for his support of the public school system. It was said that one school was constructed in the state for every day he was in office. He was supposedly dedicated to education after watching his mother make her mark when signing a deed. He felt that no lasting social reform could be accomplished without education.He supported increased salaries for teachers, longer school terms, and new school buildings; "690 new schoolhouses erected, including 599 for whites and 91 for blacks." While credited for an expansion of schools for black students, <mask> is also noted as having advocated that black students be properly educated through curriculum and care
tightly controlled by North Carolina whites, to "benefit the black race to fit them into a subordinate role." Historian Morgan Kousser has demonstrated that <mask>'s

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 progressive attitude toward black education was based on white Democrats' desire to ensure that the disfranchisement of black voters would not be reversed by federal government intervention. Kousser observed, "Some scholars have made a great deal of the opposition of 'progressive' Governor <mask><mask> and state school superintendent James Y. Joyner to the movement for a constitutional amendment in North Carolina to limit black school expenditures to the amount paid by Negroes in taxes. It is true that <mask> threatened resignation if such a law passed and that, speaking to the legislature in 1903, he condemned the proposed measure as 'unjust, unwise and unconstitutional.' Yet in the same address he put greater stress on his view that the act was impolitic than he did on its injustice. The law would invite a challenge in federal court, he believed, and 'if it should be made to appear to the Court that in connection with our disfranchisement of the negro we had taken pains for providing to keep him in ignorance, then both amendments [the literacy test and racial separation of taxes] would fall together.'In other words, the disfranchisement of the almost unanimously Republican blacks, which was virtually priceless to the Democrats, would be bartered for the temporary gain of a few extra dollars of the school fund." <mask> did other progressive measures as governor such as building roads, increasing taxes on corporations, creating new regulations on railroads, and passing child labor and temperance laws. <mask> fought against lynching as governor, but expanded the state's convict leasing program, a de facto form of slavery. "The Negro Problem"

On December 18, 1903, while governor, <mask> went to Baltimore to give a speech to 300 people at the North Carolina Society. His speech, "The Negro Problem," outlined his thoughts on keeping blacks separate, subservient, and locked out of representative government by circumventing the Fifteenth Amendment, which guarantees the right to vote. <mask>'s may have been a

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 response to the book The Negro Problem, written by prominent black scholars, including W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington, in which they consider the web of economic, political, and social problems faced by blacks in their collective history as slaves and second-class citizens after Emancipation.The book had been released about two months before <mask>'s speech. The speech is one of <mask>'s most well known, and controversial:
I am proud of my State...because there we have solved the negro problem...We have taken him out of politics and have thereby secured good government under any party and laid foundations for the future development of both races. We have secured peace, and rendered prosperity a certainty. I am inclined to give to you our solution of this problem. These things are not said in enmity to the negro but in regard for him. He constitutes one third of the population of my State: he has always been my personal friend; as a lawyer I have often defended him, and as Governor I have frequently protected him. But there flows in my veins the blood of the dominant race; that race that has conquered the earth and seeks out the mysteries of the heights and depths.If manifest destiny leads to the seizure of Panama, it is certain that it likewise leads to the dominance of the Caucasian. When the negro recognizes this fact we shall have peace and good will between the races. But I would not have the white people forget their duty to the negro. We must seek the truth and pursue it. We owe an obligation to “the man in black”; we brought him here; he served us well; he is patient and teachable. We owe him gratitude; above all we owe him justice. We cannot forget his fidelity and we ought not to magnify his faults; we cannot change his color, neither can we ignore his service.No individual ever “rose on stepping stones of dead” others “to higher things,” and no people can. We must rise by ourselves, we must execute judgment in righteousness; we must educate not only ourselves but see to it that the

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 negro has an opportunity for education. As a white man I am afraid of but one thing for my race and that is that we shall become afraid to give the negro a fair chance. The first duty of every man is to develop himself to the uttermost and the only limitation upon his duty is that he shall take pains to see that in his own development he does no injustice to those beneath him. This is true of races as well as of individuals. Considered properly it is not a limitation but a condition of development. The white man in the South can never attain to his fullest growth until he does absolute justice to the negro race.If he is doing that now, it is well for him. If he is not doing it, he must seek to know the ways of truth and pursue them. My own opinion is, that so far we have done well, and that the future holds no menace for us if we do the duty which lies next to us, training, developing the coming generation, so that the problems which seem difficult to us shall be easy to them. Later life
After leaving the governor's office in 1905, <mask> resumed his law practice. He was persuaded to run for the Senate seat held by fellow Democrat Furnifold M. Simmons in 1912. But before the nomination was decided, <mask> died of a heart attack while making a speech to the Alabama Education Association in Birmingham on April 4, 1912. The subject of <mask>'s speech was 'Universal Education'.After he had talked for a few minutes, <mask> spoke the words: 'I have always talked about education—.' Here he stopped, threw up his hands, reeled backward, and fell dead. Legacy

In Greensboro, North Carolina, the auditorium at UNC Greensboro, as well as a street, a neighborhood, and a middle school were all named for him. Dormitories at UNC-Chapel Hill and East Carolina University campuses were named after him, although ECU decided to rename the dorm in 2015. UNC-Chapel Hill followed suit in 2020. In Pikeville, North Carolina, there is a high school named after him as well. There is an <mask> Elementary School in Henderson, and

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 another in Asheville.Aycock High School in Cedar Grove graduated its last class in 1963. Additionally, a small street in the Chapel Hill neighborhood of Governors Club is named after him, along with numerous other Governors of North Carolina. In 1965, a junior high school in Raleigh, North Carolina was named after him, although it was absorbed into William G. Enloe High School in 1979. A street in Raleigh's Five Points neighborhood was also named for him. In the 1933 textbook The Story of North Carolina, <mask> is described as "one of the best friends that colored people had." For most of the 20th century, <mask> was characterized by state historians and politicians as an admirable figure, reflected in the choice to have a statue of him as one of the two submitted by the state to the National Statuary Hall Collection. In recent years, that viewpoint has been challenged:
Often overlooked was <mask>'s role as a leading spokesman in the white supremacy campaigns of 1898 and 1900, which were marked by widespread violence, voter intimidation, voter fraud and even a coup d'état of the government of Wilmington....The campaigns had far-reaching consequences: blacks were removed from the voter rolls based on literacy tests, Jim Crow customs were encoded into law, and the Democratic Party controlled Tar Heel politics for two-thirds of the 20th century. In 2011, the N.C. Democratic Party dropped <mask>'s name from its annual fundraiser after calls from both Democratic and Republican lawmakers brought attention to <mask>'s white supremacy ties. <mask> had been included in the fundraiser's name since 1960. On June 17, 2014, Duke University removed his name from a residence hall. On February 20, 2015, East Carolina University trustees voted to remove <mask>'s name from a residence hall after a months-long debate with faculty, students, staff and alumni. The trustees directed the university to represent <mask>'s name in another campus location, where founders and other university supporters would be recognized. As of

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 early 2015, UNC Greensboro was also reviewing proposals to remove <mask>cock Middle School in Greensboro, dropping the Aycock name. On August 15, 2017, the Greensboro City Council voted to rename the Aycock Historic District, which included the formerly named Aycock Middle School (now Swann Middle School) to Dunleath Historic District. On February 28, 2018, North Carolina governor Roy Cooper requested from the Architect of the Capitol replacement of <mask>'s statue with one of evangelist Billy Graham, pursuant to legislation signed in 2015. The statue will be replaced once sufficient private funds for Graham's statue are raised. On April 24, 2018, Greensboro City Council unanimously voted to rename North and South Aycock Street, which runs from West Florida Street to Wendover Avenue, to North and South Josephine Boyd Street after Josephine Boyd, the first black student to attend the all-white Greensboro High School (now Grimsley High School) in 1957. On May 4, 2021, Raleigh City Council voted to rename Aycock Street to Roanoke Park Drive following a neighborhood petition.Bibliography

References

External links
<mask> Birthplace from the North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources
North Carolina Election of 1898 from University of North Carolina
Education, the South's First Need a 1905 magazine article by <mask>

1859 births
1912 deaths
American white supremacists
Burials at Historic Oakwood Cemetery
Governors of North Carolina
School board members in North Carolina
History of racism in the United States
Political violence in the United States
Racial segregation
United States Attorneys for the Eastern District of North Carolina
People from Wayne County, North Carolina
North Carolina Democrats
Democratic Party state governors of the United States
19th-century American politicians
People from Goldsboro, North Carolina
Wilmington insurrection of 1898
History of racism in North Carolina
African-American history of North Carolina
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni
Deaths from coronary

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<mask> (born March 5, 1980 Inglewood, California) is a former professional baseball player who played from 2002 to 2012. Family
<mask> is the son of Chris and <mask>. Chris is an attorney and lifelong surfer. <mask> has a sister named Allie and a brother named Timmy. <mask>'s uncle, <mask>, was the public address announcer of the Los Angeles Dodgers starting in 1958 until his retirement in 1982. He died in 1990. Besides baseball, <mask>'s Uncle John also announced Lakers basketball, Rams and Raiders football, Kings hockey and USC football.High school career
<mask> attended Loyola High School of Los Angeles. While there, he earned All-League and All-Conference honors. In 1998, as a senior, <mask> had a .510 batting average with 10 doubles, 21 RBI and 13 runs scored. On the mound, he was 2−1 with a save and a 3.45 ERA. He earned MVP honors at the SoCal Challenge. <mask> was also the goalie on the school's soccer team which won the state championship. He was selected as the CIF Goalie of the year and established school records in shutouts and goals against average.One of <mask>'s friends during his high school career, Kriston Palomo, was killed during a game by a runner's batting helmet which hit him in the larynx. From that day on, <mask> has tried to wear Palomo's #29 whenever possible in his collegiate and professional careers and, after each victory, <mask> points to the sky to honor his friend. College career
<mask> began his collegiate career with LA Harbor Junior College in 1999 and 2000. He was a two-time All-Conference player. While a freshman, <mask> pitched in one game. He had a 1−1 record with a 1.10 ERA. As an outfielder, he hit .420 with 7 doubles, 20 RBI and 18 runs scored.During his sophomore year, <mask> was 1–1 with one save and a 1.31 ERA. He struck out 28 in 31 and a third innings. At the plate, he hit .361 with six doubles and 22 RBI. As a junior in 2001, <mask> switched to

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 the University of Florida where he put up a 4–3 record with 9 saves and a 2.24 ERA as a reliever. At one point in the season, he had nine consecutive appearances without giving up a run. He struck out 56 batters in 52 and a third innings. In the SEC Tournament and the NCAA postseason, <mask> made four appearances and posted a perfect 0.00 ERA while collecting a save.He struck out 12 in just 6 and two thirds innings pitched. He was awarded the team's Best Pitcher Award for the season. At the end of the 2001 season, <mask> was selected by the Cincinnati Reds in 11th round (336th overall) of the 2001 Major League Baseball draft, but he decided to play his senior season for Florida. <mask> made the switch to being a starter for the 2002 season. He would end up starting 17 of the 19 games he appeared in and also collecting two complete game shutouts. His record for the year was 10−3 with a 3.88 ERA. Throughout <mask>'s collegiate career, he participated in various amateur leagues including the Saskatchewan Major Baseball League where he hit .331 with 19 RBI, 21 stolen bases, and 10 doubles while having a perfect 0.00 ERA and 6 saves for the Melville Millionaires.He also played with the Compton Rottweilers. Minor league career
<mask> was selected in the 10th round of the 2002 Major League Baseball draft (304th overall) by the Cleveland Indians, and he signed with them. <mask> began his minor league career in 2002 with the Mahoning Valley Scrappers of the New York–Penn League. In his collegiate career, he was used mostly as a reliever until his senior year. From the very start of his professional days, <mask> was a starter. He would start 10 of the 13 games he appeared in 2002. <mask> finished the campaign with a 6–3 record with a 2.03 ERA and 71 strikeouts in 62 innings pitched.<mask> led the Scrappers in ERA, WHIP (0.85), and strikeouts. He was 5th in the NYPL in ERA and selected as a

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texts: post-season All-Star. <mask> spent most of 2003 with the Lake County Captains in the South Atlantic League. For the season, he posted a 13–6 record and a 2.99 ERA. He threw 3 complete games including a shutout. <mask> led the Captains in strikeouts with 108. <mask> also started two games for the Akron Aeros in the Eastern League going 1–0 with a 6.55 ERA.He was 0.01 shy of 10th place in the SAL in ERA. <mask> moved on to the Kinston Indians in the Carolina League for 2004. While in Kinston, <mask> had a big hand in helping the K-Tribe capture the league championship with a 10–4 record, 2 complete games, and a 3.85 ERA despite also leading the league with 19 home runs allowed. On September 6, <mask> threw a 6–0 perfect game against the Myrtle Beach Pelicans in the last game of the season with his sister Allie in the stands at Coastal Federal Field. It was just the fourth nine-inning perfect game in Carolina League history and the first since a 1978 gem by Marty Bystrom for the Peninsula Pilots. <mask> threw just 97 pitches in the contest, two changeups, two splitters, 35 curveballs, and 58 fastballs in the 82–84 mph range. He recorded five strikeouts, seven groundouts, and fifteen flyouts.The closest that the Pelicans came to a hit was a line drive to right center that Jonathan Van Every made a "highlight-reel catch" of for the second out in the ninth inning. <mask> reached a full count just twice. The game itself almost did not happen due to a steady mist that delayed the start nearly a half-hour. The weather along with the fact that it was technically a meaningless game since the playoff spots had already been decided, led to some pregame discussion of a cancellation. <mask> has called the game "a gift from God ... my shining moment." It also uplifted his team. The K-Tribe had lost seven of ten games going into the game.The excitement of the perfect game was credited with picking up the

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texts: team's spirits and giving them the momentum they needed going into the playoffs. Teammate Dennis Malave was quoted as saying that the game "set us free from negative thinking." During the season, <mask> also got two starts for the Buffalo Bisons in the International League where his record was 1–1 with a 3.60 ERA. As yet, these two triple-A starts are the closest <mask> has been to the major leagues. Following the 2004 season, <mask> pitched for the Peoria Javelinas in the Arizona Fall League. <mask> was in Peoria to work on his changeup and tweak his mechanics in an effort to make him throw harder. Reflecting on this stint years later, <mask> has stated that he had "tried to become something he wasn't ... and that's kind of where things went downhill."He was used entirely in relief and in 11 appearances pitched just 10 innings. <mask> was not involved in any decisions and he posted a 10.80 ERA. On December 13, <mask> was selected by Colorado Rockies in the Rule 5 draft. In 2005, <mask> would see action for three different teams in three different farm systems. He began the year with the Tulsa Drillers in the Texas League for the Rockies. While in Tulsa, <mask> went 1–3 in 10 games with a 7.68 ERA. He also batted in a game going 1 for 3 with a sacrifice for a .333 batting average.His subpar performance on the mound led to his release by the Rockies. He was then picked up by the Arizona Diamondbacks who assigned him to the Lancaster JetHawks in the California League. In Lancaster, <mask> pitched just 4 relief innings and posted a 0–1 record and an ERA of 4.50. The D-Backs then traded him to the Philadelphia Phillies for "future considerations". The Phillies assigned <mask> to their Florida State League affiliate, the Clearwater Phillies. For the Phils, <mask> went 2-4 with a 5.07 ERA. Late in the 2006 spring training, <mask> was released by the Phillies.By April 1, he had signed to play with

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 the Somerset Patriots in the independent Atlantic League. The Patriots were being managed by Sparky Lyle. For Somerset, <mask> put up a 6–7 record with a 3.76 ERA. His 155 and two-thirds innings were the most he pitched since the 2003 season. He was rewarded with a trip to the league All-Star game. The Texas Rangers decided to take a chance on him for the 2007 season and signed him to a minor league contract. <mask> was assigned to the Bakersfield Blaze of the California League.<mask> was soon released after an 0–2 start. He only made it through six and a third innings for the Blaze and posted a dismal 15.63 ERA. Following his release, <mask> returned to Somerset where he had a 6−9 record with a 4.64 ERA, 2 complete games, and a shutout. <mask> also saw a little time in the outfield for the first time since his college days. At the plate, he had one official at bat and a .000 batting average, but he did score a run. April 2008 saw <mask> pitching in the Chinese Professional Baseball League of Taiwan for the Brother Elephants. His career in Taiwan lasted just three innings on April 25 as he was rocked for six runs on seven hits, including two home runs in a 12–4 loss against the President Lions.Returning to the United States, <mask> found work back in the Atlantic League with the Southern Maryland Blue Crabs who are owned by Hall of Fame member Brooks Robinson. He was signed on June 4 with the season already in progress. By the end of the season, <mask> compiled a record of 7–6 with 1 complete game and a 4.01 ERA. He started 20 of the 21 games he appeared in. Musical career and off season activities
<mask> is an guitarist who plays right-handed despite being a southpaw. He has played the National Anthem "Hendrix-style" prior to games for Kinston and Somerset. <mask> is the rhythm guitarist and lead singer in a "surf rock" band called Flava Do.On August 20, 2006, <mask> pitched six innings in

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 a Patriots victory and then, after the game, put on a concert for the fans with his brother Timmy who also plays in Flava Do. Teammate Dave Elder joined the brothers on a Pearl Jam song

Sources and further reading
 Anon. : "K-Tribe's <mask> Ends Season With Perfect Game", in The Goldsboro News-Argus (Goldsboro, North Carolina), September 7, 2004
 Anon. : "<mask> Saddles Up With Rangers", on Our Sports Central, March 12, 2007
 Anon. : "Somerset Patriots Re-Sign Pitcher <mask>", on NJ.com (blog site), May 29, 2007. article re-posted to blog site
 Ashmore, Mike: "The <mask> Experience", in The Hunterdon County Democrat, July 27, 2006. On Mike Ashmore's site
 Hall, David: "Former K-Tribe Pitcher Enjoys Life On The Beach", in The Kinston Free Press, January 19, 2007
 Hall, David: "Perfect Game Perfect Timing", in The Kinston Free Press, September 8, 2004
 Hall, David: "<mask> Is Still A Pitcher Of Contentment", in The Kinston Free Press, May 11, 2007
 Huang, Paul: "President Lions Destroy Brother Elephants 12−4", in The Taipei Times, April 27, 2008. Sinclair, Rob: "<mask>'s Perfect Game First In Team History", in The Kinston Indians 2005 Yearbook, p. 39.His one game in Taiwan. Stanchak, Scott and Mike Ashmore: "Rock On, <mask>", on Atlantic League Baseball News, August 20, 2006. Atlantic League blog
 Waldrop, Melinda: "PERFECTION", in The Sun News (Myrtle Beach, South Carolina), September 7, 2004. reprinted at the Kinston Free Press website
 Winston, Lisa: "Surfer/Musician Hits Perfect Tune On Mound", in USA Today, September 24, 2004

External links

<mask> Palomo tribute site
SABR minor league data base
BB Cube page

1980 births
Living people
American rock guitarists
American male guitarists
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Baseball players from Inglewood, California
Musicians from Inglewood, California
Guitarists from California
21st-century American guitarists
21st-century American male

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