texts: <mask> (; born 8 May 1975) is a Spanish singer and songwriter. He started his recording career in the mid-nineties on the Mexican indie label Fonovisa and became the bestselling Spanish-language act of the decade. By the turn of the millennium, he made a successful crossover into the mainstream English-language market. He signed a multi-album deal with Universal Music Group for US$68 million with Universal Music Latino to release his Spanish albums and Interscope Records to release English albums. In 2010, <mask> parted with Interscope Records and signed with another Universal Music Group label, Republic Records, to release bilingual albums. In 2015, he parted ways with Universal Music Group after being there for over a decade. He signed with Sony Music and his subsequent albums were to be released by Sony Music Latin in Spanish and RCA Records in English.<mask> is one of the best-selling Latin music artists with estimated sales of over 70 million records worldwide. He has had five Billboard Hot 100 top five singles, including two number-ones. As of October 2020, <mask> holds the number-one position on the Greatest of All-Latin Artists charts. <mask> holds the record for the most number-one songs on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart with 27 songs, the Latin Airplay chart with 32 songs, and the Latin Pop Airplay chart with 24 songs. <mask> also has 14 number-ones on Billboards Dance charts, more than any other male artist. He has earned the honorific title King of Latin Pop. In December 2016, Billboard magazine named him the 14th most successful and top male dance club artist of all time.In October 2020, <mask>

masks:
Enrique Miguel Iglesias Preysler
Iglesias
Iglesias
Iglesias
Iglesias
Iglesias
Iglesias


type: original

texts:
 was awarded the "Top Latin Artist of All Time" at the 2020 Billboard Latin Music Awards. Early life and family
<mask> was born in Madrid, Spain, and is the third and youngest child of Spanish singer <mask> and Filipina socialite and magazine journalist Isabel Preysler. His father Julio is recognized as the most commercially successful continental European singer in the world. <mask> was raised with two older siblings, Chábeli and Julio Jr. One of his mother's aunts is actress Neile Adams, the first wife of American actor Steve McQueen, mother of actor Chad McQueen, and grandmother of actor Steven R. McQueen. His father's family is from Galicia and Andalusia; his father also claims some Jewish and Puerto Rican ancestry on his mother's side. <mask> found out later in life that he was born with a rare congenital condition known as situs inversus where some of the body's major organs, such as the heart, are situated on the opposite side of the body from normal. At first, <mask> and his two siblings stayed with their mother, but in December 1981, <mask>' grandfather, Dr. <mask> Puga, was kidnapped by the armed Basque group ETA.For their safety, <mask> and his brother Julio were sent to live with their father and his girlfriend at the time, Venezuelan top model Virginia Sipli, in Miami. There, they were brought up mostly by the nanny, Elvira Olivares, to whom <mask> later dedicated his first album. As his father's career kept him on the road, the young <mask> was raised by the family nanny. He attended the prestigious Gulliver Preparatory School and later went on to study business at the University of Miami. <mask>

masks:
Iglesias
Julio Iglesias
Iglesias
Iglesias
Iglesias
Iglesias
Julio Iglesias
Enrique
Enrique
Iglesias
Iglesias


texts:
 did not want his father to know about his plans for a musical career and did not want his famous surname to help advance his career. He borrowed money from his family nanny and recorded a demo cassette tape which consisted of a Spanish song and two English songs. Approaching his father's former publicist, Fernán Martínez, the two promoted the songs under the stage name '<mask>', with the backstory of being a singer from Guatemala.<mask> was signed on to Fonovisa Records. After dropping out of college, he traveled to Toronto to record his first album. Music career

1995–1996: <mask>
On 12 July 1995, <mask>ias, a collection of light rock ballads, including hits such as "Si Tú Te Vas" and "Experiencia Religiosa". This album, along with <mask>' next two, was released by the Mexican label Fonovisa. The record sold half a million copies in its first week, a rare accomplishment then for an album recorded in a language other than English, going Gold in Portugal within the first week of release, and sold over a million copies in the next three months. His song "Por Amarte" was included in Televisa's telenovela Marisol, but with a twist: instead of Por amarte daría mi vida (To love you, I'd give my life), the words were Por amarte Marisol, moriría (To love you, Marisol, I'd die). The CD also yielded Italian and Portuguese editions, with most of the songs translated into those languages.Five singles were released from the album, such as "Por Amarte", "No Llores Por Mí", and "Trapecista" all of which topped the Billboards Latin charts. The album still holds the record for producing the most number one singles on the

masks:
Enrique Martínez
Iglesias
Enrique Iglesias
Iglesiasgles
Iglesias


texts:
 Billboard's Hot Latin songs chart. The album went on to win <mask> the Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Performance. 1997–1998: Vivir and Cosas del Amor
In 1997, <mask>' stardom continued to rise with the release of Vivir (To Live), which put him up with other English-language music superstars in sales for that year. The album also included a cover version of the Yazoo song "Only You", translated into Spanish as "Solo en Tí". Three singles were released from Vivir: "Enamorado Por Primera Vez", "Sólo en Ti", and "Miente", which topped the Latin singles chart as well as those in several Spanish-speaking countries. Along with his father and Luis Miguel, <mask> was nominated for an American Music Award in the first-ever awarded category of Favorite Latin Artist.<mask> lost out to his father, but performed the song "Lluvia Cae" at the event. Insisting on playing stadiums for his first concert tour, that summer, <mask>, backed by sidemen for Elton John, Bruce Springsteen, and Billy Joel, played to sold-out audiences in sixteen countries. Beginning in Odessa, Texas, the tour went on to play three consecutive nights in Mexico's Plaza de Toros, two consecutive nights at Monterrey's Auditorio Coca-Cola, and two at the Estadio River Plate in Buenos Aires, Argentina, to over 130,000 people, as well as 19 arenas in the U.S. In 1998, <mask> released his third album Cosas del Amor (Things of Love). Taking a more mature musical direction, the album, aided by the popular singles "Esperanza" and "Nunca Te Olvidaré", both of which topped the Latin singles chart, helped cement his status in the Latin music scene. <mask> did a short

masks: Iglesias Iglesias Iglesias Iglesias Iglesias Iglesias Iglesias


texts:
 tour of smaller venues to accompany the release of the album, with one show being televised from Acapulco, Mexico. This was followed by a larger world tour of over eighty shows in even bigger venues.The Cosas del Amor Tour was the first ever concert tour sponsored by McDonald's. He won an American Music Award in the category of Favorite Latin Artist against Ricky Martin and Chayanne. The song "Nunca te Olvidaré" was also used as the theme music for a Spanish soap opera of the same name and he sang the song himself on the last episode of the series. 1999–2000: <mask>
In 1999, <mask> began a successful crossover career into the English-language music market. Thanks to other successful crossover acts, most notably Ricky Martin,  Latino artists and music had a great surge in popularity in mainstream music that year. After attending one of his concerts in March 1999, Will Smith asked <mask> to contribute to the soundtrack of his movie Wild Wild West. His contribution "Bailamos" was released as a single and became a number one hit in the US.After the success of "Bailamos", several mainstream record labels were eager to sign <mask>. Signing a multi-album deal after weeks of negotiations with Interscope, <mask> recorded and released his first full CD in English, <mask>. The pop album, with some Latin influences, took two months to complete. It contained the song "Rhythm Divine", a duet with Whitney Houston titled "Could I Have This Kiss Forever", and a cover of the Bruce Springsteen song "Sad Eyes". In 2000, <mask> performed at the Super Bowl XXXIV halftime show alongside Christina Aguilera and Phil Collins and Toni

masks: Enrique Iglesias Iglesias Iglesias Iglesias Enrique Iglesias


texts:
 Braxton. Shock jock Howard Stern repeatedly played a tape of a supposedly very off-key <mask> on his radio show and accused him of not being able to sing live. On 8 June 2000, <mask> sang the song live on Stern's show with just a guitar accompanying him.After the performance, Stern remarked, "I respect you for coming in here; you really can sing". <mask> noted that the recording could have been him, but that it was probably a recording made during a television taping where he was required to lip sync and not sing properly. He would remark that the controversy was the best promotion he could have. The album's single "Be with You" became <mask>' second number-one single on Billboards Hot 100. 2001-2002: Escape and Quizas
In 2001, <mask> released his second English-language album Escape. Where most of the Latin crossover acts of the previous year experienced some difficulty matching the record sales of their first English-language albums, <mask> actually went on to sell even more with the album being certified Diamond for shipments of over 10 million copies. The album's first single, "Hero", became a number-one hit in the United Kingdom, and in many other countries.The entire album was co-written by <mask>. Escape is his biggest commercial success to date. The singles "Escape" and "Don't Turn Off the Lights" became radio staples, placing highly or topping various charts both in North America and elsewhere. A second edition of the album was released internationally and contained a new version of one of <mask>' favorite tracks, "Maybe", as well as a duet with Lionel Richie called "To Love a Woman". <mask>

masks: Iglesias Iglesias Iglesias Iglesias Iglesias Iglesias Iglesias Iglesias Iglesias


texts: capitalized on the album's success with his "One-Night Stand World Tour" consisting of fifty sold-out shows in sixteen countries. Including Radio City Music Hall and three consecutive nights in London's Royal Albert Hall, the tour ended with a big show at Lia Manoliu Stadium in Bucharest, Romania. The concert launched MTV Romania, with the video for "Love to See You Cry" being the first to be shown on the channel.In 2002, <mask> decided to release a fourth Spanish-language album titled Quizás (Perhaps). A more polished musical production than his previous Spanish albums and containing more introspective songs, the album's title track is a song about the strained relationship <mask> has with his famous father. The album debuted at number twelve on the Billboard 200 albums chart, the highest placement of a Spanish-language album on the chart at that period. Quizás sold a million copies in a week, making it the fastest-selling album in Spanish in five years. All three singles released from the album all ended up topping the Latin chart, giving <mask> a total of sixteen number ones on the chart. He currently holds the record for the most number-one singles on Billboards Latin Chart. With the song "Para Qué La Vida" <mask> reached a million spins on U.S. radio becoming the first Latin act to do so.The video to the song "Quizás" was the first Spanish-language music video to be added to the selection on MTV's popular show Total Request Live.The album went on to win the Latin Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album. That year he embarked on an arena tour of the Americas. The "Don't Turn Off the Lights" tour was completed

masks: Iglesias Iglesias Iglesias Iglesias


texts:
 in the summer of 2002, with two sold-out nights in Madison Square Garden and another two in Mexico's National Auditorium. The tour finished with a single show in the Roberto Clemente Coliseum in San Juan, Puerto Rico. 2003-2004: Seven
By 2003, <mask> released his seventh album, which he called 7, the second to be co-written by him. Among its more 1980s-inspired material, it features the song "Roamer", which he wrote with his friend and longtime guitarist Tony Bruno. The CD also contained the song "Be Yourself", a song about independence; the chorus talks about how <mask>' own parents did not believe he'd ever succeed in his singing career.The first single was the song "Addicted", and was followed closely by a remix of the song "Not in Love", featuring Kelis. With this album, <mask> went on his biggest world tour to date. The highly publicised tour started with twelve shows in the United States ending with <mask> playing at Houston Rodeo, and continued on to several countries, most of which he'd never previously visited, playing to sold-out arenas and stadiums in Australia, India, Egypt, and Singapore, before ending his tour in South Africa. 2007–2009: Insomniac, 95/08 Éxitos and Greatest Hits
After a two-year hiatus, <mask> released his new album Insomniac on 12 June 2007. The album was so named due to it being recorded mainly at night. The record had a more contemporary pop style than that of his previous albums. Its highlights include the songs "Push", with rapper Lil Wayne, as well as "Ring My Bells" and a cover of Ringside's "Tired of Being Sorry".The album's first single, "Do You Know? (The Ping Pong

masks: Iglesias Iglesias Iglesias Iglesias Iglesias


texts: Song)", was released on 10 April 2007. It was <mask>' highest-charting song on the Billboard Hot 100 since "Escape". The song was also a hit throughout Europe, peaking in the top 10 in many countries. The Spanish version of the song, titled "Dímelo", was number one on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart for eleven weeks, becoming his second best performing song on that chart at the time. <mask> followed up with the ballad "Somebody's Me", which was released as a single in North America. The song was played extensively on AC radio and peaked high on Billboards Hot AC.In Europe, the second single was "Tired of Being Sorry", which performed well in many countries; he recorded a version of the song with French singer Nâdiya, which was number one in France for eleven weeks. A solo version of "Push" was added to the soundtrack of the movie Step Up 2 the Streets. The song was regarded as the third single from the album. A music video was shot, which features the film's lead actors. Despite never being officially added to radio, the song has charted in several countries. On 4 July 2007, <mask> became the first Western artist to play a concert in Syria in three decades when he performed for a sold-out crowd of ten thousand in the capital Damascus and in the same week, he performed on Live Earth in Hamburg. The Insomniac World Tour was launched at the Coca-Cola Dome in Johannesburg, South Africa, the same venue he ended his last world tour, and took him to sold-out arenas throughout Europe.It was his first arena tour of the UK, with him playing venues such as Manchester's MEN Arena and Wembley Arena. The tour ended with

masks: Iglesias Iglesias Iglesias


texts: <mask> performing at the newly opened L.A. Live. A second leg of the tour took him throughout Latin America, from Mexico to Argentina. <mask>'s song "Can You Hear Me" was chosen as the official song of the UEFA Euro 2008 football tournament. He performed the song live at the 29 June 2008 final in Vienna, Austria. The song featured on a re-issue of Insomniac, which was released in certain countries. <mask> released a Spanish greatest hits album titled 95/08 Éxitos on 25 March 2008, which included his seventeen number-one songs on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart plus two new songs.The first single was the song "¿Dónde Están Corazón? ", which was written by Argentine star Coti, and became <mask>'s eighteenth number-one single on Billboards Hot Latin Songs. The album debuted at number one on Billboards Top Latin Albums chart and number eighteen on the overall Billboard 200 albums chart. It was <mask>'s second Spanish album to debut in the top 20 of the Billboard 200 (Quizás debuted at number twelve in 2002). The album was certified double Platinum (Latin field) in the U.S. and in some Latin American countries. The record's second single, "Lloro Por Ti", also reached number one on the Hot Latin Songs chart and had an official remix featuring Wisin & Yandel. <mask> did a tour of the US to promote the compilation.Beginning in Laredo, Texas, and ending at the Izod Center in New Jersey, he was accompanied through most of the tour with bachata band Aventura, who also performed "Lloro Por Ti" with him at the 2008 Premios Juventud. <mask> was a surprise performer at the 2008 Lo Nuestro Awards, opening the show with a


texts:
 medley of "¿Dónde Están Corazón?" and "Dímelo". He also performed at the Billboard Latin Music Awards, where he received a special award. After the success of his Spanish greatest hits compilation, <mask> released a compilation of his English-language hits on 11 November. The album includes "Can You Hear Me" as well as two new songs. The first single, "Away", features Sean Garrett, and was followed by "Takin' Back My Love", featuring Ciara.The album debuted at number three on the official UK Albums Chart and sold over 80,000 copies in its first two weeks of release alone. <mask> was the winner of two World Music Awards in the categories of "World's Best Selling Latin Performer" and "World's Best Selling Spanish Artist" at the ceremony held in Monaco on 9 November 2008. 2010–2011: Euphoria
On 5 July 2010, <mask> released his ninth studio album Euphoria, his first work to be released under his new label Universal Republic. The album is <mask>'s first bilingual album, with seven original English songs and six original Spanish songs. It won the Billboard Music Award for Top Latin Album, the Billboard Latin Awards for Latin Album of the Year and Latin Pop Album of the Year, and was nominated for the Latin Grammy Award for Album of the Year. <mask> worked with three producers whom he had collaborated with before: RedOne, Mark Taylor, and Carlos Paucar. The album features collaborations with Akon, Usher, Nicole Scherzinger, Sunidhi Chauhan, Ludacris, DJ Frank E, Pitbull, Juan Luis Guerra, and his third song together with Wisin & Yandel.In a joint venture with Universal Latino, Iglesias released different singles in


texts: both English and Spanish simultaneously to different formats. The first English single from the album, "I Like It", which features the rapper Pitbull, was released on 3 May 2010 in the U.S. and became a success, reaching No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song was also featured in the MTV reality series Jersey Shore. "Cuando Me Enamoro" was released as the lead Spanish single from the album, and became the theme song of the Mexican telenovela of the same title, produced by Televisa. The song debuted at number eight and number twenty-five on the U.S. Latin Pop Songs chart and the U.S. Hot Latin Songs chart, respectively.It became his twenty-fifth top ten single on the U.S. Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart and after four weeks of its release date, it became his twenty-first No.1 song on this chart. In January 2011, the album's third English single, "Tonight (I'm Lovin' You)" broke into the top ten on the Billboard Hot 100, also reaching No. 4. The song was released only for digital download in the United States but was featured on some editions of Euphoria in Europe and some Asian areas. The song became <mask>' first number one on the U.S. Pop Songs and Radio Songs airplay charts.A remix version of the album track "Dirty Dancer" was released as the fourth English single and became his ninth Hot Dance Club Play chart topper, tying with Prince and Michael Jackson as the male with the most No. 1 dance singles. Further, "Ayer" served as the album's third Spanish single and seventh single overall. The Euphoria Tour took <mask> across the U.S., Canada, the U.K., and several European countries. One of the tour's legs

masks: Iglesias Iglesias


texts:
 took him to Australia, while fellow artist Pitbull joined him as an opening act. Prince Royce also served as opening act during the tour's second leg across North America. In August 2011, <mask> released the single "I Like How It Feels" to radio.This was planned to serve as the lead single from the Euphoria album's proposed re-issue that never came to fruition, Euphoria Reloaded. 2012–2014: Sex and Love
On 25 August 2012, <mask> unveiled his brand new single, "Finally Found You", a collaboration with American rapper Sammy Adams. It was released to the US iTunes Store on 25 September 2012. The song was released in UK on 9 December 2012. On 8 December 2012, <mask> performed at the Z100 Jingle Ball in Miami, and on the iHeartRadio Festival interview session before the show, <mask> stated he's working on some new music and – when asked about his time in the studio – he said, "It's kind of like going fishing, you never know when you're going to catch a big one." Continuing on to tell what fans can expect to hear, he said he's ready to try something new: "I come out with so many albums and I want to make sure that if I come out with an album it sounds new. At least to me."It was confirmed that <mask> would be working with Mark Taylor, The Cataracs, and Carlos Paucar for the new album. <mask> continued to tour during this period returned to India in October 2012 to perform another series of shows called Tri-City tour in Pune, Delhi, and Bangalore playing to sold-out arenas and stadiums. On 31 May 2013, <mask> performed at the Mawazine Festival in Rabat, Morocco. The show broke the highest attendance record as more


texts: than 120,000 fans gathered to watch the concert. <mask> released a number of singles prior to the album release, the first of which was "Turn the Night Up" followed by "Heart Attack" which was released to US Top 40 radio stations. Latin stations were served with the song "Loco", a smooth bachata duet with urban bachata superstar Romeo Santos. The single became <mask>' 24th No.1 on the Billboards Hot Latin Songs chart. A version of the song released in Spain featured Spanish Flamenco singer India Martinez and topped the charts in Spain. This was followed by El Perdedor, a duet with Mexican singer Marco Antonio Solis and was the theme to the telenovela Lo que la vida me robó. The song became his 24th #1 on the Latin charts. <mask> announced the title of his tenth studio album would be Sex and Love. The album was released on 14 March 2014.The release of the album was accompanied by the single I'm a Freak and featured Pitbull The album also featured a duet with Kylie Minogue called "Beautiful", which appears on her twelfth studio album Kiss Me Once. In addition to the previously stated collaborations the album featured guest appearances by Flo Rida, Yandel, Juan Magan, Jennifer Lopez and Gente de Zona.The next single to be released from the album was "Bailando", featuring Descemer Bueno, and Gente De Zona. "Bailando" was immensely successful becoming his 25th #1 on Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart. Bailando was #1 for 41 consecutive weeks on Billboard's Hot Latin songs chart becoming the longest reigning #1 in the history of the chart beating the record previously held by Shakira's 25 week run. This record was later


texts:
 broken in 2017 when "Despacito" by Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee featuring Justin Bieber spent 56 weeks on top of the Hot Latin Songs chart. Bailando was also a crossover success in part due to a Spanglish version of the song which featured rapper Sean Paul which saw the song peak at #12 on Billboard's Hot 100 and Top 10 on the airplay chart becoming the highest charting Spanish song since the Macarena in 1996. The original Spanish music video of the song was also YouTube's second most watched music video of 2014, behind Katy Perry's hit single, "Dark Horse" and was the first Spanish language video to reach a billion views on the platform. "Bailando" currently has over 3 billion views on YouTube.The song won three Latin Grammy awards including Song of the Year. In addition to the original Spanish version, <mask> also released two Portuguese versions of the song featuring the Portuguese singer Mickael Carreira and the Brazilian singer Luan Santana. Sex and Love was Spotify's 7th most-streamed album worldwide in 2014, and "Bailando" was the most-streamed song in both Mexico and Spain. <mask> was also called the King of 2014, due to his tenth album, Sex and Love, and his hit single "Bailando". Billboard called him "The Crowd Pleaser" of 2014. After more than a decade with Universal Music, <mask> left the record label in 2015 and signed on with Sony Music. 2015–present: Final

Since the release of his last studio album Sex and Love, <mask> continued issuing singles.In 2015, he collaborated with Nicky Jam on the reggaeton megahit "El Perdón" which topped the charts in several countries and has over 1.3 billion views


texts: on YouTube. In 2016 <mask> released his first single under that Sony "Duele el Corazón" featuring Wisin which also topped the charts in several countries including the US Latin charts and also has over 1 billion views on YouTube . In 2017, <mask> released "Súbeme la Radio", which features Descemer Bueno and Zion y Lennox. The song has over 1.3 billion views on YouTube. In 2018, <mask> released two songs, one called "El Baño" with Bad Bunny and the other called "Move to Miami" with Pitbull. During this period <mask> would feature on songs by other artists such as RedOne's "Don't You Need Somebody," Descemer Bueno's "Nos Fuimos Lejos", Matoma's "I Don't Dance (Without You)", Jon Z's "Después Que Te Perdí" and Anuel AA's "Fútbol y Rumba". In March 2020, it was announced that <mask> would embark on a tour with Puerto Rican singer Ricky Martin.The tour was planned to start on 5 September 2020 in Phoenix, Arizona and end on 30 October 2020 in Atlanta, but the tour was postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The song "Me Pasé" featuring Farruko was released on 1 July 2021 and became a hit on Latin radio topping the Latin Rhythm Airplay chart, as well as extended his record for most #1s on Latin Pop Airplay Chart and reclaiming his record for most #1s on the Latin Airplay Chart. During a chat with Ricky Martin and Sebastian Yatra, <mask> revealed that his next album would be released in two volumes, titled Final, as it likely would be his last album. <mask> claimed, "it's something that I have been thinking about for the past few years" but also insisted, "I'm never going to stop writing songs because I love


texts:
 writing songs, but I'm going to do it in a different way, meaning they don't necessarily have to be packaged as an album, so this project to me is important". On 17 September, <mask> released Final Vol. 1, alongside a new single, "Pendejo". Songwriting, producing, and acting

<mask> has collaborated with songwriter Guy Chambers to write "Un Nuovo Giorno", the lead single from Andrea Bocelli's first pop album.The song was later translated into English as "First Day of My Life" and recorded by Spice Girl Melanie C. The song has since gone to become a huge hit throughout Europe, and peaked in the number one spot in numerous countries. <mask> also co-wrote the single "The Way" for American Idol runner-up Clay Aiken. Four songs co-written by <mask> appear on the UK band The Hollies' 2006 album Staying Power. In 2010, Idol Allstars (Swedish Idol Series) released the song "All I Need Is You", co-written by <mask> with Andreas Carlsson, Kalle Engström, and Kristian Lundin. He also co-wrote Jennifer Lopez's song "Dance Again", released in 2012, which reached number-one position in the Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs. In 2000, <mask> co-produced an off-Broadway musical called Four Guys Named Jose and Una Mujer Named Maria. In the musical, four Americans of Latin heritage possess a common interest in music and meet and decide to put on a show.The show contained many references and allusions to many classic and contemporary Latin and pop songs by the likes of Carmen Miranda, Selena, Ritchie Valens, Chayanne, Ricky Martin, and <mask> himself. <mask> starred alongside Antonio Banderas, Salma Hayek, and Johnny Depp in the

masks: Iglesias Iglesias Iglesias Iglesias Iglesias Iglesias Iglesias Iglesias


texts:
 Robert Rodriguez film Once Upon a Time in Mexico, in which he played the well-spoken gun-wielding Lorenzo. In 2007, he had a guest appearance in the TV comedy Two and a Half Men as a carpenter/handyman. He also guest-starred as Gael, an Argentinean guitar playing/surfer/massage therapist love interest of Robin in season 3 of the TV show How I Met Your Mother. <mask> also played the part of an evil Roman emperor in a Pepsi ad in 2004, as well as appearing in commercials for Tommy Hilfiger, Doritos, and Viceroy watches. Personal life

In late 2001, <mask> started a relationship with Russian tennis player Anna Kournikova. In 2008, he was quoted by the Daily Star as having been married to Kournikova but having split.They reportedly split in October 2013 but reconciled. The couple have a son and daughter, Nicholas and Lucy, who are fraternal twins born on 16 December 2017. On 30 January 2020, their third child, a daughter, Mary, was born. In 2003, <mask> received surgery to remove a circular mole from the right side of his face, citing concerns that over time it could become cancerous. Philanthropy
In 2010, <mask> was included in the project Download to Donate, run by Music for Relief, an organization started by American rock band Linkin Park. He co-produced Download to Donate for Haiti, a charity album for the 2010 Haiti earthquake, with the co-vocalist of the band Mike Shinoda. Both of them promoted the album at various venues, one of them being Larry King Live, where he and Shinoda explained the project.In 2013, <mask> urged his followers to donate money through the American Red Cross to help the victims of the

masks:
Iglesias
Enrique Iglesias
Iglesias
Iglesias
Iglesias


texts:
 deadly Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines. The typhoon struck one month after the Philippines was hit by a 7.2-magnitude earthquake which destroyed homes and livelihoods of around 350,000 people. <mask> has supported City of Hope, Habitat for Humanity, Help for Heroes, Live Earth, the Muscular Dystrophy Association, Special Olympics, Save the Children, The Salvation Army, and charitable causes like Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation and hunger relief. Discography

Studio albums
 <mask> (1995)
 Vivir (1997)
 Cosas del Amor (1998)
 Enrique (1999)
 Escape (2001)
 Quizás (2002)
 7 (2003)
 Insomniac (2007)
 Euphoria (2010)
 Sex and Love (2014)
 Final (Vol. 1) (2021)

Filmography

Film and television roles

Soundtrack and self appearances

Tours
Headlining
Vivir World Tour
Cosas del Amor World Tour
2000 Tour
One Night Stand Tour
Don't Turn Off The Lights Tour
Seven World Tour
Insomniac World Tour
Greatest Hits Tour
Euphoria Tour
Sex and Love Tour
All the Hits Live

Co-headlining
Enrique Iglesias & Jennifer Lopez Tour
Enrique & Pitbull on Tour
Enrique Iglesias And Pitbull Live! <mask> and Ricky Martin Live in Concert

Awards and nominations

<mask> has won more than 200 awards from various ceremonies including 23 Billboard Music Awards and 36 Billboard Latin Music Awards, as well as 8 American Music Awards, 1 Grammy (with 3 times nomination), 5 Latin Grammy Awards, 10 World Music Awards, 6 MTV awards, 19 Premios Lo Nuestro Awards (with 24 times nomination) and 15 Premios Juventud Awards (with 21 times nomination) etc. He has been nominated over 465 times for various awards.He also won an award for Best

masks:
Iglesias
Enrique Iglesias
Enrique Iglesias
Iglesias


texts:
 International Pop Act at the MTV India Awards, as well as being named "King of Latin Pop". In 2000, he was awarded Most Fashionable Artist at the VH1/Vogue Fashion Awards. In 2001, for the release of his second English studio album Escape, he received awards for Best-Selling Pop Male Artist and European Male Artist at the World Music Awards. And for the first time ever in the history of Billboard Music Awards <mask> was awarded with "Top Latin Artist of All Time" Title and Award at Billboard Latin Music Awards 2020. References

External links

1975 births
Living people
20th-century Spanish singers
21st-century American singers
21st-century Spanish singers
English-language singers from Spain
Fonovisa Records artists
Grammy Award winners
Gulliver Preparatory School alumni
Enrique
Interscope Records artists
Latin Grammy Award winners
Latin music songwriters
Latin pop singers
MTV Europe Music Award winners
Musicians from Madrid
Musicians from Miami
People from Madrid
RCA Records artists
Republic Records artists
Singers from Florida
Singers from Madrid
Songwriters from Florida
Sony Music Latin artists
Sony Music Spain artists
Spanish dance musicians
Spanish emigrants to the United States
Spanish expatriates in the United States
Spanish male singers
Spanish people of American descent
Spanish people of Filipino descent
Spanish people of Galician descent
Spanish people of Jewish descent
Spanish people of Kapampangan descent
Spanish people of Puerto Rican descent
Spanish philanthropists
Spanish pop singers
Spanish record producers
Spanish Roman Catholics
Spanish songwriters
Universal Music Latin Entertainment


texts:
<mask> is an assistant professor of the Department of Anthropology at the University of South Florida. His areas of specialization in the field of anthropology include Eastern United States Prehistory, Mesoamerican Prehistory, Cultural Resource Management, Settlement Pattern Studies, Archaeology of Households, Environmental Anthropology, Ceramic Analysis, and GIS Applications for Anthropology. Biography
<mask> was born in St. Paul, Minnesota in 1966. In 1984 he received an alumni scholarship to the University of Georgia, from which he graduated in 1988 with an A.B., cum laude with honors in Anthropology. Field work
From 1989 until 1992 he worked as an archaeological field technician for various firms in the eastern United States and Europe. From 1993 until 1994 <mask> worked as a Project Archaeologist for Brockington and Associates in Norcross, Georgia. He then became a consulting archaeologist for Southern Research at Fort Stewart Military Reservation in Georgia, as well as a senior archaeologist for Southern Archaeological Services, Athens, Georgia.He served in the latter position until 2003. After two years <mask> returned to his alma mater in 1996 to become a graduate teaching assistant in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Georgia. Academic work
While working as a teaching assistant <mask> did some fieldwork at the Shoulderbone Tract located in Hancock County. While the work was not long, only lasting from January sixth until the end of the month it would provide the basis for his first fully published book. Written in 1997 "An archeological Survey of the Shoulderbone Tract, Hancock County, Georgia" describes the work that was done in the Shoulderbone Tract of Hancock County which was made up a mound complex located on a terrace north of Whitten Creek. While Pluckhahn described the work as “minimal, and focusing on defining and demarcating

masks:
Thomas Pluckhahn
Pluckhahn
Pluckhahn
Pluckhahn
Pluckhahn


texts:
 the limits of the site so that it may be fenced.” he does go on to admit that “Most of the fieldwork, however was devoted to an extensive archeological survey of the property.”

Kolomoki
In the following year of 1998, <mask> became an instructor at Georgia. In 1999 Pluckhahn became the field supervisor at the Mixteca Alta Settlement Pattern Survey in Oaxaca, Mexico.In the same year he traveled back east to become the field director of the Kolomoki: Learning about a Woodland Ceremonial Center located in Georgia. During this time he helped excavate the famed mound site of Kolomoki in the lower Chattahoochee River Valley of southwest Georgia. From 1999 until 2001 he served as a field director at Kolomoki in a study founded by the National Geographic Society. During his time at Kolomoki, Pluckhahn worked with others to excavate the site of Kolomoki examining everything from pottery to the mounds themselves. This excavation was intended to discover how Native Americans lived during Kolomoki's days as an important cultural center. After extensive studies on the evidence uncovered during the excavation, an important discovery was made involving the dating that had previously been applied. Before the excavation, previous archaeologists had placed the date of the Kolomoki mounds in the Mississippian Period (c. 1000-1500 AD), but Dr. Pluckhahn however, discovered that the main date of occupation was closer to the Woodland Period (c. 350-750 AD).Ph.D
In 2002, <mask> earned his Ph.D. from the University of Georgia, writing his dissertation on his experiences and findings at Kolomoki. After working as an instructor for Georgia, <mask> became the visiting assistant professor of the Department of Anthropology at the University of Oklahoma in 2003. He served in this position until 2004, when he became the assistant professor in the Department of Anthropology. Kolomoki book
While

masks: Pluckhahn Thomas Pluckhahn


texts:
 at Oklahoma Pluckhahn released "Kolomoki: Settlement, Ceremony, and Status in the Deep South, A.D. 350 to 750". He applied his fieldwork from the Kolomoki site, as well as his discoveries of the new timeline of the Kolomoki mounds. The analysis in the book supports the evidence of Kolomki's actual occupation, while also answering questions about middle range societies, their use of ceremony and its effect on status. Light on the Path, book
Pluckhahn served as the visiting assistant professor of the Department of Anthropology until 2004, when he became the assistant professor in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Oklahoma.He served in this position for two more years. In 2006 he released the book "Light on the Path: The Anthropology and History of the Southeastern Indians". In this book <mask>, along with Robbie Ethridge, provide new ideas for viewing the history of Native Americans in the Southeast. A major component of the book deals with the recent ability to connect the periods of the sixteenth-century Late Mississippian period to the eighteenth-century colonial period. <mask> and Ethridge claim in the book to be able to bridge the two centuries together, while filling in the previously mysterious seventeenth-century. This linkage has provided a crucial new way to view the ancestry of the southeastern United States that is invaluable to not only archaeologist and anthropologist, but historians as well. Selected articles and books
 Kolomoki: Settlement, Ceremony, and Status in the Deep South, c. 350 to 750 AD.<mask><mask>. 2003. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa
 Light on the Path: The Anthropology and History of the Southeastern Indians. University of Alabama Press,(<mask><mask>, and Robbie F. Ethridge editors). 2006. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa
 Origins of the Ñuu: Archaeology in the Mixteca Alta, Mexico. University Press

masks:
Pluckhahn
Pluckhahn
Thomas J
. Pluckhahn
Thomas J
. Pluckhahn


texts:
 of Colorado, Boulder..(Stephen A.Kowalewski,., Andrew K. Balkansky, Laura R. Stiver Walsh, <mask><mask>, <mask>. Chamblee, Verónica, Pérez Rodríguez, Verenice Y. Heredia Espinoza, and Charlotte A. Smith) 2006. University Press of Colorado, Boulder. Under contract. Reflections on Paddle Stamped Pottery: Symmetry Analysis of Swift Creek Paddle Designs from Kolomoki. 2007. Southeastern Archaeology 26(1):1-11. “The Mounds Themselves Might Be Perfectly Happy in Their Surroundings”: The “Kolomoki Problem” in Notesand Letters.The Florida Anthropologist 60(2-3):63-76. "Woodland Prehistoric Period", The New Georgia Encyclopedia. 2001. edited by <mask>. University of Georgia Press, Athens. "Kolomoki Mounds Site", The New Georgia Encyclopedia. 2001. edited by <mask>. University of Georgia Press.Athens. Fifty Years Since Sears: Deconstructing the Domestic Sphere at Kolomoki. 2000. Southeastern Archaeology 19(2):145-155. Transportation Corridors and Political Evolution in Highland Mesoamerica: Settlement Analyses Incorporating GIS for Northern Tlaxcala, Mexico. 2007. (David Manuel Carballo, and <mask>. Pluckhahn) Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 26(4):607-629.References

 <mask>, <mask>. Kolomoki: settlement, ceremony, and status in the Deep South, AD 350 to 750 Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press. 2003
 Light on the Path : the anthropology and history of the southern Indians Edited by <mask>, <mask>. and Robbie Ethridge. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press, 2006. <mask>, <mask>. An Archeological survey of the shoulderbone  tract, Hancock County Georgia Atlanta, Georgia: Georgia Department of Transportation, Office of Environment/ Location, 1997
 <mask><mask>'s Curriculum Vita

External links

1966 births
Living people
People from Saint Paul, Minnesota
American anthropologists
University of South Florida faculty
University of Georgia

masks:
Thomas J
. Pluckhahn
John F
John Inscoe
John Inscoe
Thomas J
Pluckhahn
Thomas J
Pluckhahn
Thomas J
Pluckhahn
Thomas J
Thomas J
. Pluckhahn


texts:
<mask>. (December 22, 1922 – May 6, 2015) was an American politician who served as the 48th speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1987 to 1989. He represented Texas's 12th congressional district as a Democrat from 1955 to 1989. Born in Fort Worth, Texas, <mask> won election to the Texas House of Representatives after serving in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. He won election to Congress in 1954, representing a district that included his home town of Fort Worth. Like most Texas Democrats, <mask> distinguished himself from many of his fellow Southern congressmen in his refusal to sign the 1956 Southern Manifesto. He voted for the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the Civil Rights Acts of 1960 and 1968, although he voted against the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1964 and the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. He also became a senior member of the House Public Works Committee.In 1976, <mask> narrowly won election to the position of House Majority Leader. <mask> voted in favor of the bill establishing Martin Luther King Jr. Day as a federal holiday in August 1983. He became Speaker of the House after Tip O'Neill retired in 1987. In March 1988, <mask> led the House Democratic Caucus as Speaker to override President Reagan's veto of the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987. <mask> resigned from Congress in June 1989 amid a House Ethics Committee investigation into compensation that he and his wife had received. After leaving Congress, <mask> became a professor at Texas Christian University. He died in Fort Worth in 2015.Early life
<mask> was born in Fort Worth, the son of Marie (Lyster) and James Claude <mask>. <mask> was of English and Irish ancestry. Because his father was a traveling salesman, <mask> and his two sisters were reared in numerous communities in Texas and Oklahoma. He mostly attended Fort Worth and Dallas public schools, eventually graduating from Adamson High School (formerly Oak Cliff High School), then studied at

masks:
James Claude Wright Jr
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright


texts:
 Weatherford College in his mother's hometown of Weatherford, the county seat of Parker County west of Fort Worth, and then at the University of Texas at Austin, but he never received a bachelor's degree. In December 1941, <mask> enlisted in the United States Army Air Forces, and after training, he was commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the Air Corps in 1942. He trained as a bombardier and earned a Distinguished Flying Cross flying during combat in B-24 Liberators with the 530th Bomb Squadron, 380th Bomb Group (Heavy) in the South Pacific during World War II. His retelling of his wartime exploits is contained in his 2005 book The Flying Circus: Pacific War—1943—As Seen through A Bombsight.After the war, he made his home in Weatherford, where he joined partners in forming a Trade Show exhibition and marketing firm. As a Democrat, he won his first election without opposition in 1946 to the Texas House of Representatives, where he served from 1947 to 1949. He was defeated in his bid for reelection in 1948, after a rival claimed that <mask> was weak in opposing both communism and interracial marriage. He was the mayor of Weatherford from 1950 to 1954. In 1953, he served as president of the League of Texas Municipalities. Career in Congress
In 1954, he was elected to Congress from Texas's 12th congressional district, which included Fort Worth and Weatherford. He won despite the fervid opposition of Amon G. Carter, publisher of the Fort Worth Star-Telegram newspaper and later the benefactor of the Amon Carter Museum.Carter supported the incumbent Democrat Wingate Lucas. <mask> would be re-elected fourteen times, gradually rising in prominence in the party and in Congress. He developed a close relationship thereafter with Amon G. Carter Jr. <mask> often said that the easiest way to "defeat an enemy is to make him your friend." In 1956, <mask> refused to join most of his regional colleagues in signing the segregationist Southern Manifesto, and voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts

masks: Wright Wright Wright Wright Wright


texts: of 1960 and 1968, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. However, he voted against the Civil Rights Act of 1957 signed by U.S. President Dwight Eisenhower, and <mask> refused to support the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which required desegregation of public accommodations and established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. His reason for not supporting that legislation had to do with the voting rights provision of the law, which <mask> enthusiastically supported, and felt the Civil Rights Act was weak without the right to vote granted to all citizens. It was signed into law by <mask>'s friend, President Johnson.<mask> also voted against the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. <mask> would later vote in favor of the bill establishing Martin Luther King Jr. Day as a federal holiday in August 1983 as well as lead the House Democratic Caucus as Speaker in March 1988 to override President Reagan's veto of the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987. In 1961, <mask> finished in third place in the special election called to fill the U.S. Senate seat vacated by then Vice President Lyndon Johnson. Two finalists for the Senate emerged from a field of seventy-one candidates. College professor John G. Tower, then of Wichita Falls, narrowly defeated the interim appointee William Blakley, a Dallas industrialist, in a runoff election. Tower hence became the first Republican senator from Texas since Reconstruction. <mask> was riding in the motorcade in Dallas on November 22, 1963 when President John F. Kennedy was assassinated.<mask> continued to serve in the House and became a senior member of the Public Works Committee. Though in line to become committee chairman, he entered the race for House Majority Leader and was elected by one vote in December 1976, defeating Richard Bolling of Missouri and Phillip Burton of California. <mask> won the majority leadership position with the support of all but two Democrats from the large Texas delegation, all Democrats on the Public Works Committee,

masks: Wright Wright Wright Wright Wright Wright Wright Wright Wright


texts: and virtually all other Southern representatives. In the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex, <mask> is infamous for the Wright Amendment, a contentious law he sponsored that restricted air travel from Dallas's secondary airport, Love Field. Passed in 1979, the Wright Amendment was originally designed to protect the then-fledgling Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport. The Amendment allows non-stop flights originating from or bound to any commercial airport within  of the DFW Airport Control Tower to serve only states bordering Texas. It was the compromise agreed to with Southwest Airlines to expand their territory beyond Texas.This requires any flight going to or coming from a destination within that  radius (Dallas Love Field and the now-defunct Greater Southwest International Airport in Fort Worth were the only airports affected) to land in a contiguous (bordering) state before continuing on to its destination. This effectively limited traffic from Love Field and GSIA to small, regional airlines (and provided the springboard for the later success of Southwest Airlines, which initially flew only within Texas) who were largely unable to compete with DFW Airport as a result. While the Amendment was welcomed at first, there were increasing doubts about its necessity as DFW grew into one of the three largest airports in the world. Many saw it as a boondoggle to benefit one particular group. Others saw it as an unlawful restraint of trade imposed against the two affected airports, and no others, in spite of the fact that public officials of Dallas and Ft Worth had agreed to the restrictions (Virginia McGuire, daughter of James C<mask>, direct conversation). However, the largest opposition came increasingly from people who simply felt that the amendment had outlived its usefulness and was also an unwarranted intrusion on the free markets of the deregulated airline industry. In 2006 Congress passed the Wright Amendment Reform Act of 2006, which repealed the Wright Amendment in stages;

masks:
Jim Wright
. Wright


texts:
 the last restrictions on travel from Love Field were lifted on October 13, 2014.<mask> strongly supported the Superconducting Super Collider project in Waxahachie in Ellis County, but the work was halted in 1993. Speaker of the House
When the 100th Congress convened on January 6, 1987, <mask> was elected Speaker of the House (254–173 over Republican Robert H. Michel), succeeding Tip O'Neill, who had retired after 10 years in the post. At the time, <mask> stated that being speaker of the House "is the greatest responsibility that can come to a lawmaker anywhere in the world." In July 1988, he chaired the Democratic Party convention that nominated Michael Dukakis for president. During that convention, <mask> introduced John F. Kennedy Jr. for Kennedy's first televised speech. Almost 25 years earlier, on November 22, 1963, President John F. Kennedy, in his last speech before being assassinated, praised <mask>'s service in the Congress, saying "and here in Fort Worth he has contributed to its growth. He speaks for Fort Worth and he speaks for the country, and I don't know any city that is better represented in the Congress of the United States than Fort Worth."While Dukakis lost the 1988 presidential election to Republican George H. W. Bush, Democrats retained control of the House in the coinciding congressional elections, thus when the 101st Congress opened on January 3, 1989, <mask> was re-elected as speaker. According to historian Julian E. Zelizer, the majority Democrats ran roughshod over the Republican (GOP) minority. They minimized the number of staff positions available to the minority, kept them out of decision-making, and gerrymandered their home districts. Firebrand Republican Newt Gingrich argued that American democracy was being ruined by the Democrats' tactics and that the GOP had to destroy the system before it could be saved. Cooperation in governance, says Zelizer, was put aside as they deposed Speaker <mask> and regained power. Gingrich gained support from the

masks: Wright Wright Wright Wright Wright Wright Wright


texts:
 media (always looking for scandal) and from good government forces in his crusade to persuade Americans that the system was, in Gingrich's words,  “morally, intellectually and spiritually corrupt.” Gingrich did force out <mask>, but after he became Speaker Gingrich was himself forced out and scandal ruined the careers of other top GOP leaders.<ref>Julian E. Zelizer, "Burning Down the House: Newt Gingrich, the Fall of a Speaker, and the Rise of the New Republican Party (2020).</ref>

Aide controversy
In May 1989, controversy arose when media reports revealed that <mask>'s top assistant, John Mack, had violently attacked a woman 16 years earlier. The woman, Pamela Small, was hit repeatedly with a hammer, stabbed and slashed with a knife and left for dead.Small survived the attack, and reported it to the police. He was convicted of malicious wounding and was sentenced to 15 years in prison, but was paroled after serving 27 months. Mack, whose brother was married to <mask>'s daughter, was given a clerk's job in the Capitol upon his release. He went on to become the executive director of the Democratic Steering and Policy Committee and served as <mask>'s chief legislative strategist. Critics, including feminist activist Andrea Dworkin, alleged that <mask> manipulated the legal system to get Mack off and, subsequently, protected him from media scrutiny. Amid the blistering public criticism, John Mack resigned from his post on May 11, and House members of both parties began to question whether <mask> could long-remain as speaker. Ethics investigation and resignation

In 1988 <mask> became the target of an inquiry by the House Ethics Committee.Their report in early 1989 implied that he had used bulk purchases of his book, Reflections of a Public Man, to earn speaking fees in excess of the allowed maximum, and that his wife, Betty, was given a job and perks to avoid the limit on gifts. Faced with an increasing loss of effectiveness, <mask> tendered his resignation as Speaker on May

masks: Wright Wright Wright Wright Wright Wright Wright Wright


texts: 31, 1989, the resignation to become effective on the selection of a successor. He was the first Speaker to resign because of a scandal. On June 6, the Democratic Caucus brought <mask>'s speakership to an end by selecting his replacement, Tom Foley of Washington, and on June 30 <mask> resigned his seat in Congress. The incident was controversial and was a part of the increasing partisan infighting that has plagued the Congress ever since. The original charges were filed by Newt Gingrich in 1988 and their effect propelled Gingrich's own career advancement to the Speaker's chair. Michael Parenti, critic of the national security state, attributed <mask>'s forced resignation to the critical questions he was raising in the late 1980s with regard to CIA covert actions in Nicaragua.<mask> had not only criticized Reagan's policy, but taken the extremely unusual step of entering into negotiations with the Nicaraguan government as Speaker. William K. Black claims that <mask>'s interventions in the Savings and Loan (S&L) crisis "were decisive in forcing him to resign in disgrace from the House". Black wrote that <mask> had been saved from financial ruin and elevated to Speaker of the House by massive campaign contributions from control frauds like Charles Keating. The control frauds managed to get hundreds of executives of S&Ls, many legitimate, to talk with their representatives in the US congress to delay effective governmental action against the frauds. This action only increased (a) the billions of dollars their ultimate failures cost the US taxpayers and (b) the magnitude of the resulting scandal. <mask>'s account of these facts was very different, citing both abuse of power by regulators, and money laundering by S&Ls in the profits diverted to Nicaragua in the Iran-Contra scandal. The scandal robbed <mask>'s Democratic party of the "sleaze factor" issue in the 1988 presidential election, thereby handing the election to the Republican George H. W. Bush, according to Black.He


texts:
 resigned to avoid the official documentation of his role in this that would almost certainly have come from hearings by the United States House Committee on Ethics, as it did for the Keating Five. <mask>'s personal and public account of why he resigned was very different from that cited by William Black, who claimed <mask> abused his power and certainly had reason to protect his own position and decisions at the Federal Home Loan Bank. The charges filed against <mask> did not mention Nicaragua. The Iran-Contra operations from 1984 through most of 1986 involved the secret governmental support of Contra military and paramilitary activities in Nicaragua, despite Congressional prohibition on the support. The Reagan White House was very involved in the sale of U.S. arms to Iran in contravention of stated U.S. policy and in possible violation of arms-export controls. In late November 1986, Reagan Administration officials announced that some of the proceeds from the sale of U.S. arms to Iran had been diverted to the Contras. President Bush's pardon of Secretary Weinberger on December 24, 1992 pre-empted a trial in which defense counsel indicated that they intended to call Bush as a witness.A report by special counsel implicated him in a number of influence peddling charges, such as Vernon Savings and Loan, and attempting to get William K. Black fired as the deputy director of the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation (FSLIC) under Gray. However, the charges against him concluded that, "while the Congressman's dealings with representatives of the Federal Home Loan Bank Board may have been intemperate, the committee was not persuaded that there is reason to believe that he exercised undue influence in his dealings with that agency." Life after Congress
After his resignation from the House, <mask> retired to Fort Worth. He served as a professor at Texas Christian University there, teaching a course titled "Congress and the Presidents." He also wrote several books after his

masks: Wright Wright Wright Wright


texts:
 retirement. He was an avid reader but was stricken with macular degeneration. In 2004, <mask> was inducted into the Texas Trail Hall of Fame in the Fort Worth Stockyards.His exhibit says "Fort Worth Loves Him!" In November 2013, <mask> was denied a voter ID card at a Texas Department of Public Safety office, as he hadn't brought the duly-required documentation with him on the day of his visit. He told the Fort Worth Star Telegram that "Nobody was ugly to us, but they insisted that they wouldn't give me an ID." <mask> expressed concern that the Texas voter ID law will unfairly deny elderly voters like himself the ability to vote. <mask> indicated that he had worked out a solution with the Texas DPS that would allow him to cast a ballot in an upcoming election, but feared that other elderly people, especially those in retirement homes, would be unable to navigate the requirements. Toward the end of his life, in May 2014, <mask> expressed regret over resigning as Speaker of the House. He said it may have been a "gross misjudgment" at the time.Death
<mask> died at the age of 92 on May 6, 2015. He was survived by his wife Betty and four children. He had previously undergone surgery twice to treat cancer, though it is not clear if his death was cancer-related. House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, D-CA, stated, "Speaker <mask> was a person of deep courage, brilliant eloquence, and complete mastery of the legislative process. Speaker <mask>'s strong, decisive leadership built an indelible legacy of progress, not only in his beloved state of Texas, but around the world. <mask> championed prosperity for every working family, and helped lead the way to peace to Central America." The Speaker of the House, John Boehner, R-OH, stated that, "Speaker <mask> understood as well as anyone this institution's closeness to the people, calling the House 'the raw essence of the nation'."President Barack Obama stated, "As a representative from Texas and Speaker of the House, <mask> was passionate

masks: Wright Wright Wright Wright Wright Wright Wright Wright Wright Wright Jim


texts:
 about investing in infrastructure, and he worked tirelessly to promote peace in Central America. Today, our thoughts and prayers are with <mask>'s family and friends, and the people he represented in Congress for so many years." See also
 List of federal political scandals in the United States

References

Notes

Further reading
Barry, John. The Ambition and the Power: The Fall of <mask>: A True Story of Washington. New York: Viking Press, 1989. . (Paperback: Penguin, 1992. )<mask>, <mask>. Balance of Power: Presidents and Congress from the Era of McCarthy to the Age of Gingrich.Turner Publications, 1996. .
<mask>, <mask>. Reflections of a Public Man. Fort Worth, Texas: Madison Publishing Company, 1984. <mask>, <mask>. The Flying Circus: Pacific War—1943—As Seen Through A Bombsight. Guilford, Connecticut: The Lyons Press, 2005. .
<mask>, <mask>. The Coming Water Famine.New York: Coward-McCann, 1966. Zelizer, Julian E. "Burning Down the House: Newt Gingrich, the Fall of a Speaker, and the Rise of the New Republican Party (Penguin, 2020). External links

Photos from the <mask> Collection at the Portal to Texas History

|-

|-

|-

|-

1922 births
2015 deaths
Speakers of the United States House of Representatives
Majority leaders of the United States House of Representatives
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Texas
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Members of the Texas House of Representatives
Mayors of places in Texas
Texas Democrats
20th-century American politicians
United States Army Air Forces officers
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
Texas Christian University faculty
University of Texas at Austin alumni
Weatherford College alumni
Writers from Texas
American people of English descent
American people of Irish descent
American United Methodists
Politicians from Dallas
Politicians from Fort Worth, Texas
People from Weatherford,

masks:
Jim
Jim Wright
Wright
Jim
Wright
Jim
Wright
Jim
Wright
Jim
Jim Wright


texts:
<mask> (born March 15, 1987) is a former American football wide receiver who played in the National Football League (NFL) for eight seasons. He played college football and college baseball at the University of Minnesota, and was drafted by the Denver Broncos in the third round of the 2010 NFL Draft. After four seasons with the Broncos, Decker played for the New York Jets for three years, then the Tennessee Titans for one season. Early years
<mask> attended Rocori High School in Cold Spring, Minnesota. He was present in school when the Rocori High School shooting took place, hiding in a cupboard with other students until they were rescued by police officers. Decker was a three-sport athlete in football, basketball, and baseball. In each sport he was awarded all-conference, all-area and all-section honors.Additionally, <mask> was named the football team MVP two years in a row. During his prep football career, he had 2,156 receiving yards and 28 touchdowns. College career
<mask> attended the University of Minnesota. He made his collegiate debut against Kent State and had a single reception for a 39-yard touchdown from quarterback Bryan Cupito. On September 23, in a game at Purdue, he completed a 22-yard pass. As a freshman, Decker finished with 378 receiving yards and three touchdowns. As a sophomore, <mask>'s role with the offense expanded.After recorded four receptions for 49 receiving yards in a season-opening loss to Bowling Green, he had seven receptions for 128 receiving yards and two receiving touchdowns against Miami (OH). In the following game, he had 12 receptions for 165 receiving yards and one receiving touchdown

masks:
Eric Thomas Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker
Decker


texts: in a loss to FAU. On October 20, he threw a 20-yard touchdown pass to Ralph Spry in a loss to North Dakota State. He finished with 909 receiving yards and nine touchdowns. In a season where the Golden Gophers finished with a 1–11 record, <mask> led the team in receptions and receiving yards, and tie for the lead in receiving touchdowns with Ernie Wheelwright. <mask> started his junior season with 10 receptions for 89 receiving yards and a touchdown against Northern Illinois. In the following game against Bowling Green, he had six receptions for 86 receiving yards and one receiving touchdown to go along with a 12-yard touchdown rush.In next week's game against Montana State, he had nine receptions for 157 receiving yards and one receiving touchdown. In the following game, he had seven receptions for 122 receiving yards and one receiving touchdown against FAU to cap a 4–0 start for the Golden Gophers. After the following week's game against Ohio State where Minnesota suffered their first setback of the season, Decker had 13 receptions for 190 receiving yards against Indiana. Minnesota qualified for the Insight Bowl against Kansas, where Decker recorded eight receptions for 149 receiving yards and a receiving touchdown in the 42–21 loss. <mask> finished his junior season in 2008 with 84 catches for 1,074 yards and seven touchdowns. He led the 7–6 Golden Gophers in receptions, receiving yards, and receiving touchdowns. In early spring 2009, Decker met with Thomas Goudy, a wide-out coach in St. Louis, Missouri.Goudy helped Decker with his ball-holding technique. Decker spent three weeks in his training camp before starting the

masks: Decker Decker Decker


texts:
 summer conditioning camp. <mask> began the season with the consistent play that had been a hallmark of his Gophers' career. Through three games, <mask> was sixth in the nation in receiving yards, with 183 yards against Syracuse, 113 yards against Air Force, and 119 yards and two touchdowns against California. Sports Illustrated columnist Stewart Mandel declared <mask> the third-best wide receiver in college football, behind Oklahoma State's Dez Bryant and Georgia's A. J. Green. After the California game, <mask> had eight receptions for 84 yards and two receiving touchdowns against Northwestern, and in the following game, had eight receptions for 140 yards and a touchdown against Wisconsin.On October 27, 2009, it was announced that <mask> would miss the rest of the season after suffering a sprained foot against Ohio State. As a senior, Decker finished with 758 receiving yards and five touchdowns. <mask> played outfield for the Minnesota baseball team. He was selected in the 39th round of the 2008 Major League Baseball Draft by the Milwaukee Brewers and the 27th round of the 2009 Major League Baseball Draft by the Minnesota Twins. Statistics

Professional career
<mask>’s senior season was cut short due to surgery he underwent to repair torn ligaments in his left foot. As a result, he was unable to participate in both the NFL combine and Minnesota’s pro day workout. He scored a 43 on the Wonderlic test at the combine, the top score for the group of prospects who took the test in Indianapolis.Denver Broncos

2010 season: Rookie year

<mask> was drafted by the Denver Broncos in the third round with the 87th overall pick in the

masks: Decker Decker Decker Decker Decker Decker Decker Decker


texts:
 2010 NFL Draft. He signed a four-year contract through 2013 worth $2,522,000. Due to foot surgery, <mask> sat out during Broncos rookie mini-camp and OTA's. Broncos head coach Josh McDaniels said he hoped he'd be ready by the season's opener, “At this point we're going to err on the side of being real careful and not put them in a situation where (it’s) the last day of minicamp on June 13th and all of a sudden we have a foot injury," said McDaniels. "Hopefully, everybody will be ready by August.”

On July 27, 2010, the Broncos signed <mask> to a four-year contract. In the preseason, <mask> led all NFL rookies in receptions, but due to the Broncos' depth at receiver, <mask> did not see much action in the offense until late in the regular season. He did contribute on special teams, however, recording seven special teams tackles while returning 17 kickoffs for 429 yards giving him 25.2 yards per return average.Toward the end of the season, the Broncos started to mix <mask> into the offense more, after fellow rookie Demaryius Thomas went down with an injury. <mask> finished his rookie season with six receptions for 106 yards and a touchdown. 2011 season
<mask>'s role in Denver's offense expanded in 2011. During a Week 1 Monday Night Football matchup at home against the Oakland Raiders, Decker returned a fourth quarter punt for a 90-yard touchdown, but the Broncos lost 23–20. In Week 2, making his first professional start, <mask> caught five passes for 113 yards and two touchdowns, the second on a 52-yard catch in the fourth quarter as Denver recorded their first win of the 2011 season, 24–22 over the Cincinnati Bengals. On


texts:
 September 25, in Denver's Week 3 17–14 loss to the Tennessee Titans, <mask> had a career-high seven catches for 48 yards. Over the next four weeks, <mask> continued his steady play by hauling in 18 passes for 192 yards and four touchdowns.On November 13, in a Week 10 divisional road game at Arrowhead Stadium against the division-rival Kansas City Chiefs, starting quarterback Tim Tebow attempted a pair of deep passes for Decker, the first almost being hauled in off a deflection and the other being knocked down by the defender, but in the fourth quarter, with Denver hanging on to a slim 10–7 lead, Tebow hit Decker on a go route deep for a 56-yard touchdown catch, <mask>'s only catch of the game and only Tebow's second completion, as the Broncos won 17–10 to move into a second-place tie in the AFC West with the San Diego Chargers and Chiefs. In the first round of the playoffs against the Pittsburgh Steelers, <mask> was taken out of the game due to injury. <mask> finished the 2011 season with 44 receptions for 612 yards and eight touchdowns. 2012 season
Heading into the 2012 regular season, Decker seemed primed to have a productive year with veteran quarterback Peyton Manning running Denver's offense. On May 12, Broncos' offensive coordinator Mike McCoy noted that <mask> and fellow receiver Demaryius Thomas were "like two little kids in a candy shop right now," when asked about the receivers eagerness to work with Manning. In April, Decker attended a Colorado Rockies' baseball game with Manning and began workouts with him prior to training camp. Decker had a breakout season in 2012.In Week 3 against the Houston Texans, he had

masks: Decker Decker Decker Decker Decker Decker


texts:
 eight receptions for 136 yards. From Week 4 to Week 9, he recorded seven receiving touchdowns over a span of five games. In Week 15 against the Baltimore Ravens, he finished with eight receptions for 133 yards and a touchdown. In Weeks 16–17, he recorded back-to-back games with two receiving touchdowns against the Cleveland Browns and Kansas City Chiefs. Decker finished the 2012 season with 85 catches for 1,064 yards and 13 touchdowns. He finished ranked 20th in the league in terms of yards for wide receivers and the 13 touchdowns was the second most among wide receivers in 2012. In the Broncos' Divisional Round game against the Baltimore Ravens, he had six receptions for 84 receiving yards in the 38–35 2OT loss.2013 season
In the 2013 season, <mask> contributed to Peyton Manning's historical passing season. In Week 3, against the Oakland Raiders, <mask> finished with eight receptions for 133 yards and a touchdown. In Week 7, against the Indianapolis Colts, he finished with eight receptions for 150 yards and a touchdown. In Week 13, Decker had a career day against the Kansas City Chiefs with eight catches for 174 yards and team record tying four touchdowns, earning him the AFC Offensive Player of the Week award. He followed up that performance with eight receptions for 117 yards and a touchdown against the Tennessee Titans. In Week 16, against the Houston Texans, he finished with 10 receptions for 131 yards and two touchdowns. Overall, <mask> finished the 2013 season with 87 receptions for 1,288 yards, both career highs, and 11 touchdowns.In the Divisional Round, against the San Diego Chargers, he had two receptions for 32


texts:
 yards in the 24–17 victory. In the AFC Championship against the New England Patriots, he had five receptions for 73 yards in the 26–16 victory. The Broncos reached Super Bowl XLVIII, but lost 43–8 to the Seattle Seahawks. <mask> was held to one reception for six yards in the Super Bowl due to tight coverage by the Seahawks' defensive backs. New York Jets

2014 season
On March 12, 2014, <mask> signed a five-year, $36.25 million contract with the New York Jets. In his Jets' debut, he had five receptions for 74 yards in the 19–14 victory over the Oakland Raiders. In Week 17, <mask> was targeted 11 times in the season-finale 37–24 victory against the Miami Dolphins and came up with a tying career-high 10 receptions for a career-high 221 yards and a touchdown.In Week 15, against the Tennessee Titans, he had seven receptions for 100 yards in the 16–11 victory. In the 2014 season, he had 74 receptions for 962 receiving yards scored and five receiving touchdowns. 2015 season

<mask> started the season with a receiving touchdown in each of his first four games from Weeks 1–6. From Weeks 8–10, he had three straight games with a receiving touchdown. In Week 13, against the New York Giants, he had season-highs with eight receptions for 101 receiving yards in the 23–20 victory. From Weeks 14–17, he had four straight games with a receiving touchdown. In his most productive season with the Jets, Decker caught 80 passes for 1,027 yards and 12 touchdowns.2016 season
On September 16, <mask> was fined $9,115 for a late hit he made on cornerback Josh Shaw on opening day against the Cincinnati Bengals. On October 12, the Jets placed <mask> on


texts:
 injured reserve due to a shoulder injury. In three games in the 2016 season, he finished with nine receptions for 194 yards and two touchdowns. On June 6, 2017, the Jets informed Decker that he would be either traded or released by the end of that week, effectively cutting ties with him. On June 12, 2017, <mask> was officially released by the Jets. Tennessee Titans
On June 18, 2017, <mask> signed a one-year contract worth $3.85 million with the Tennessee Titans. In the season opener against the Oakland Raiders, <mask> had three receptions for 10 yards in his Titans debut.The Titans lost by a score of 26–16. During Week 2, he had three receptions for 32 yards, a kickoff return for 22 yards, and recovered an onside kick in a 37–16 road victory over the Jacksonville Jaguars. During Week 9, <mask> caught his only touchdown of the regular season on an 11-yard pass from Marcus Mariota in a 23–20 victory over the Baltimore Ravens. <mask> finished the 2017 season with 54 receptions for 563 yards and a touchdown. In the postseason, <mask> caught the game-winning touchdown from Mariota in the AFC Wild Card game against the Kansas City Chiefs to win on the road 22–21. In the Divisional Round against the New England Patriots, he finished with six receptions for 85 yards in the 35–14 road loss. New England Patriots
On August 2, 2018, <mask> signed a one-year deal with the New England Patriots.With the move, Decker reunited with Josh McDaniels, the Patriots offensive coordinator and former head coach of the Denver Broncos. Retirement
On August 26, 2018, <mask> announced his retirement from the NFL. NFL career statistics

Regular


texts:
 season

Postseason

Career awards and highlights
 AFC receiving touchdowns leader (2012)
 AFC champion (2013)
 AFC Offensive Player of the Week (Week 13, 2013)

Broncos franchise records
 Most receiving touchdowns in a single game: 4 (December 1, 2013, at Kansas City)
 Most kick return yards in a single game: 211 (December 12, 2010, at Arizona)

Personal life
On June 22, 2013, <mask> married country singer Jessie James. They have three children: a daughter born in March 2014, a son born in September 2015, and a second son born in March 2018. In 2017, <mask> and his wife Jessie spoke out against athletes kneeling during the national anthem to raise awareness around issues of racial inequality and police brutality. Television
Decker and his wife starred in the E! reality show Eric & Jessie: Game On which ran from September 29, 2013 until 2017.References

External links

New York Jets bio
Denver Broncos bio

1987 births
Living people
People from Stearns County, Minnesota
Players of American football from Minnesota
American football wide receivers
Minnesota Golden Gophers baseball players
Minnesota Golden Gophers football players
Denver Broncos players
New York Jets players
Tennessee Titans players
New England Patriots

masks:
Decker
Eric Decker


texts:
<mask> (; born <mask>, 3 November 1913 – 16 May 2004) was a Hungarian dancer, singer and actress who gained prominence in German films in the Nazi era. She resumed her career in 1947 and was one of Europe's most famous operetta singers, performing onstage until 1986. Life and work
<mask> was born in 1913 in Cairo, Egypt, the daughter of Hungarian architect and contractor <mask> and his wife, Maria Karoline Charlotte (born Karoly) Rökk. She spent her childhood in Budapest, but in 1924 her family moved to Paris where her father had been contractually engaged. Here she learned to dance and starred with the Hoffmann Girls at the Moulin Rouge cabaret. After a tour that led her to Broadway she continued her dance training in the United States, where she worked with Ned Wayburn. In 1929 she returned to Europe and the next year acted in her first film, Why Sailors Leave Home, a British comedy directed by Monty Banks, starring Leslie Fuller.She made her real breakthrough when the Universum Film AG (UFA) attempted to create a German film star to rival Hollywood's top musical star actresses Eleanor Powell, Ginger Rogers and later, Alice Faye, Rita Hayworth and Betty Grable. The Third Reich's Minister of Propaganda, Joseph Goebbels, admired Hollywood movies and examined them carefully in regular private screenings. Early Technicolor films such as Becky Sharp (1935), The Garden of Allah (1936), Nothing Sacred (1937), and A Star Is Born (1937) made him realize that Hollywood feature films presented a threat to Germany's internal market and that Hollywood's dominance of colour and musical film technology should be matched, at least if

masks:
Marika Rökk
Marie Karoline Rökk
Marie Karoline Rökk
Eduard Rökk


texts: Germany was serious about engaging in a cultural war with the U.S. and Britain. As an acclaimed revue dancer on numerous European stages, Rökk was selected as the ideal candidate to be groomed and promoted as this new type of star and in 1934 was offered a two-year contract with UFA, where she became one of the most prolific film stars of the time. Rökk's German film debut was Leichte Kavallerie (Light Cavalry) (1935, Werner Hochbaum) with Heinz von Cleve. The film made her a sensation overnight. It was the first of a series of modern escapist, lightweight operettas and glittering revue-style entertainments which quickly made Rökk one of Germany's most popular actresses.These films were clearly modeled on the successful formula of the black-and-white and Technicolor musical films being produced by American film studios RKO, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and 20th Century Fox in the 1930s and 1940s. She had the technical skill and glamour to carry off the formulaic plots and dialogue and provide German audiences with a home grown star to rival the popular American actresses. Der Bettelstudent and Gasparone, followed by Hello Janine! in 1939, all starred her together with Johannes Heesters and established them as the "dream couple" of the musical comedy genre. In her appearances she cultivated her magyar accent conveying a notion of "paprika" exoticism. Her films, which were not overtly political, were also popular in wider parts of Europe. With a double role in Kora Terry, a 1940 film directed by her future husband Georg Jacoby, she reached new heights.By simultaneously impersonating dutiful and evil twin sisters, Rökk was able to


texts: showcase her range of theatrical talent, performing in several dance interludes which were quite risqué for that time. In the same year, she appeared in the propaganda film Wunschkonzert by Eduard von Borsody (as herself), followed by her performance in Georg Jacoby's lavish Women Are Better Diplomats (Frauen sind doch bessere Diplomaten, UFA's first Agfacolor motion picture) in 1941, together with Willy Fritsch. She reached the peak of her career in 1944, with the star role in The Woman of My Dreams, a lavishly enacted musical colour film again directed by Jacoby. Though few of her movies featured overt Nazi propaganda, she fulfilled her mission to exemplify a leading woman in the Third Reich and to entertain the German people throughout World War II as intended by Goebbels. After the war, she initially was banned professionally (Berufsverbot) but was rehabilitated in 1947 and was able to continue her movie career in West Germany and Austria. In 1948 she was among the first recipients of the German Bambi media award. Rökk became one of Europe's most famous operetta singers, performing onstage until 1986.After her husband Georg Jacoby had died in 1964, she was married to the Hungarian actor Fred Raul from 1968 until his death in 1985. She is the mother of actress . In 1994, the son of Soviet spymaster Lavrentiy Beria alleged that Rökk aided Soviet intelligence during World War II, sending information from Goebbels to the Soviet Union. In 2017, German and British media reported on declassified documents that indicate Rökk may have had a role in Soviet intelligence during the war. Those reports were later described as


texts:
 unfounded. Death
Rökk died of a heart attack in Baden bei Wien, Austria, in 2004, aged 90. Awards
1948, 1968, 1987, 1990, 1998 Bambi
1981 Deutscher Filmpreis, Special Award for Outstanding Contributions to German Cinema
1987 Bavarian Film Awards, Best Actress

Filmography

Why Sailors Leave Home (1930)
Kiss Me Sergeant (1932)
Csókolj meg, édes!(1932)
Kísértetek vonata (1933)
Leichte Kavallerie (1935)
Heißes Blut (1936)
 The Beggar Student (1936)
 (1937)
 Carousel (1937)
Gasparone (1937)
Eine Nacht im Mai (1938)
Tanzendes Herz (1939)
Vadrózsa (1939)
 The Life and Loves of Tschaikovsky (1939)
 Hello Janine! (1939)
Kora Terry (1940)
Wunschkonzert (1940)
Zirkusblut (1940)
Frauen sind doch bessere Diplomaten (1941)
Tanz mit dem Kaiser (1941)
 Love Me (1942)
 The Woman of My Dreams (1944)
 Fregola (1948)
Child of the Danube (1950)
 Sensation in San Remo (1951)
The Csardas Princess (1951)
Mask in Blue (1953)
The Divorcée (1953)
 At the Green Cockatoo by Night (1957)
Das gab's nur einmal (1958)
 (1958)
 The Night Before the Premiere (1959)
 My Husband, the Economic Miracle (1961)
 (1961)
Wedding Night in Paradise (1962)
Die Fledermaus (1962)
Die Schöngrubers (1972) (TV series) (13 episodes)
Der letzte Walzer (1973)
 (1988)

References

External links

 Films, bibliography, photographs

1913 births
2004 deaths
20th-century German actresses
German film actresses
Hungarian-German people
Actresses from Budapest
German female dancers
German stage actresses
20th-century German women singers
Hungarian expatriates in France
Expatriates of Austria-Hungary in Egypt
Hungarian expatriates in the United States
Hungarian emigrants to


texts:
<mask>. (June 22, 1890 – August 29, 1945) was a military officer who became the Commanding General of the Philippine Army from May 6 to December 31, 1936. Upon his retirement, he served as a civilian administrator under President Manuel L. Quezon. Early life
<mask> was born in Camiling, Tarlac to <mask> and Rosa Torres. After his Spanish education from 1897 to 1900, he enrolled in an English school in 1901. In 1907, when he had finished the sixth grade, he was appointed as municipal teacher, a post which he held until the following year. In 1908, at age 18, he was an enlisted man in the Philippine Constabulary and he had just completed his first enlistment when he was named civil service clerk at the PC headquarters in 1912. That same year, he enrolled in the Constabulary Officers' School wherein, two years later, he graduated valedictorian.<mask> was appointed as Third Lieutenant of the PC in 1914, and as such, he worked hard and continued studying to be more effective in his assignment as a field officer. Personal life
General <mask> was married to Elisa Angeles of Bulacan, with whom he had seven children, including <mask> Munda. Military service
As a soldier, <mask> served in the Lanao campaign in 1916, where he sustained wounds from a Moro spear, and in the Bayang Cota campaign in 1917, where he was wounded anew, but this time by bullets. As government cannons were bombarding the Muslim bulwark of Lumamba, Lieutenant <mask> led his platoon in penetrating the formerly secure redoubt, through an opening made in the barricade, and immediately erected a ladder to scale the first kota. Immediately, he and his men engaged its defenders in a bloody

masks:
Paulino Torres Santos Sr
Paulino Torres Santos
Remigio Santos
Santos
Santos
Rosa Santos
Santos
Santos


texts:
 hand-to-hand combat, killing 30 of them, and thus preserving the lives of government soldiers. For this exceptional military feat, Governor General Frank Murphy bestowed on him the Medal of Valor, the highest Philippine military award for "gallantry in action", just before the inauguration of the Commonwealth government in 1935. He was named President Quezon's aide for the inaugural ceremony.Medal of Valor citation
"By direction of the President, the MEDAL FOR VALOR is hereby awarded to:
MAJOR GENERAL PAULINO T SANTOS, SR.
PHILIPPINE ARMY
For exceptional conduct and conspicuous courage displayed at Bayang Cotta, Lanao del Sur on 26 July 1917. Then a Philippine Constabulary Second Lieutenant, <mask> <mask> was tasked to participate in the Bayang Cotta campaign in which three companies of Philippine Scouts were also involved to neutralize bands of Moro outlaws. Among them was the group of Ampuan-Agos, the most famous of all Lanao outlaw chiefs. The fully armed bands, numbering about 500, were entrenched in a well-constructed and fortified cotta surrounded with barbed wire and bamboo spikes. Lieutenant <mask> led government troops in assaulting the outlaws' position. With the use of scaling ladders, they stormed the cotta and killed 30 outlaws. In this gallant act, one PC soldier was killed while five others were wounded.Lieutenant <mask> sustained a near-fatal gunshot wound at the back of the head." Public service
He served as ex-officio Justice of the Peace at large for the Provinces of Lanao and Sulu, and then Deputy Provincial Treasurer of Lanao, before finally becoming Provincial Governor of Lanao. He was appointed Director of the Bureau of Prisons in

masks: Paulino Santos Santos Santos


texts:
 1930, serving thus until 1936, founding the Davao Penal Colony in 1932 and transferring the Bilibid Prisons from its old site to a new one in Muntinlupa, Rizal. Return to military service
In 1936, he was recalled to military service through his appointment as brigadier general and assistant chief of staff of the Philippine Army by President Quezon. Before the year’s end, however, he was named Chief of Staff of the Philippine Army with the rank of major general. In 1937, President Quezon gave him the difficult and dangerous task of minimizing, if not eliminating the problem of Moro piracy in the south through the destruction of the pirates’ kotas, particularly Kota Dilausan, in Lanao. His term as Army chief of staff ended in December 1938.In January 1939, he was named general manager of the National Land Settlement Administration. He served in this capacity until 1941, when World War II broke out. In 1917, <mask> <mask> became the first provincial commander of Lanao and Sulu. As commandant and governor, improvements on agriculture, education and communication were achieved in the region. Serving as deputy governor up to 1924, he acted as the auxiliary justice of the peace in the municipal districts of both Lanao and Sulu at the same time. Later, <mask> was appointed as the assistant commander of Southern Luzon, and was given the rank of a lieutenant colonel. In October 1930, he was designated as assistant chief of the Philippine Constabulary where he served for more than 20 years.After his retirement, Pres. Manuel Quezon persuaded him to become the Director of Prisons in 1936. <mask> then established the Davao Penal Colony, and sped up its transfer to the


texts:
 New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa. Although the jurisdiction Bureau of Prisons was transferred by law in 1937 to the Department of Justice, <mask> remained its director, as requested by Quezon, while simultaneously performing his army duties. He was also the first head of "Estado Mayor ng Hukbong Pilipino" and became the administrator of the Land Settlement Administration. NLSA Administrator
With orders from Pres. Quezon, he led the first group of 200 migrants from Luzon and the Visayas who transformed the primeval Lagao area in Koronadal Valley into a productive and progressive colony of six communities on Feb. 27, 1939.Being the man of action that he was, <mask> usually stayed with the men in the field, constantly exhorting them to give their best to the arduous task with discipline and high purpose together with his personal aide Eliodoro M. Pantua. Collaboration with the Japanese
During the Japanese Occupation, the Japanese occupied the upper Koronadal and Allah Valleys. <mask> decided to cooperate with the Japanese to prevent further bloodshed. <mask> and the Japanese Commander agreed to " not molest or abuse civilians in all districts of Koronadal valley but with the condition that the people will cooperate and never commit any wrong move otherwise they will feel the
repressive force of Japanese displeasure.” He accepted to serve as manager of the Koronadal and Allah Valley projects under Japanese orders. In 1943, he became Commissioner for Mindanao and Sulu. Commanding General of the Bureau of Constabulary under Japanese Control
In August 1944, he was called by Pres. Jose P. Laurel to go to Manila.There, he was appointed as Commanding General of the

masks:
Santos
Santos
GM Santos
Santos


texts:
 Bureau of Constabulary. He was appointed to survey Northern Luzon since the Americans started bombing the Philippines. He went to Nueva Ecija accompanied by his aide, Sgt. Juan "Johnny" Ablan. He not only supplied the people with food, water, etc. but also aided the guerilla groups operating in the North. He was taken prisoner by Major General Kenshichi Masouka (1888–1964), The Japanese General In-Charge of keeping watch over Gen. <mask> and his aide.He and his men forced <mask> and Ablan to the North, first to Nueva Vizcaya, and then to Sitio Tamangan in the Ifugao mountains of Kiangan, Mountain Province, where the Japanese forces had retreated. Death
While taken prisoner by the Japanese, General <mask> fell ill, mostly due to effects of inclement weather and his desire to refrain from taking full meals because of food shortage. General Masouka refused to take the sick general to an American Hospital, a few kilometers from Kiangan. Finally, on August 29, 1945, <mask> died of pneumonia at the age of 55. Legacy

<mask> <mask>' record as an officer was one of distinctive achievements. As a soldier, <mask> served in the Lanao campaign in 1916, where he sustained wounds from a Moro spear, and in the Bayang Cotta campaign in 1917, where he sustained a near fatal wound at the back of his head after he and his men performed a suicidal mission in which they had to place ladders beside the fortified cottas. It was in the latter campaign that he demonstrated extraordinary courage and leadership.Under his term, he established six settlements in South Cotabato namely  Koronadal, Banga, Tupi, Tampakan, Polomolok, and Buayan, thus, increasing Christian population in

masks: Santos Santos Santos Santos Paulino Santos Santos


texts:
 the region. As a tribute to his legacy in the area, the municipality of Buayan (formerly Dadiangas) was renamed General Santos, which, by virtue of Republic Act No. 5412 signed on July 8, 1968, was declared a city. A grave and monument of Gen. <mask> <mask> was unveiled in front of its City Hall on September 5, 1981 in General Santos, South Cotabato. The Koronadal section of the South Cotabato-Sarangani Road was also named as "General Santos Drive," while the radial road leading to the New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa was also named as "Gen. Paulino <mask> Avenue" as an honor for his service as a former Director of the Bureau of Prisons. He was instrumental in the transfer of the prison to the present area. Taguig's main avenue, fronting Camp Bagong Diwa of the Philippine National Police, also a former Philippine Constabulary camp, and the City Hall was also similarly named as "General Santos Avenue."One of the urban Barangays of Koronadal is named after him using the initials of his rank and name, called as Barangay GPS, City of Koronadal (GPS - General <mask> <mask>)

As Chief of Staff of the Philippine Army, Major General <mask> is a pioneer in the Self Reliance Defence concept as early as the 1930s. Maj. Gen. <mask> intended to have all supplies for the new Commonwealth army made if possible in the Philippines. See also
<mask>

References

. (accessed on September 17, 2007).
. (accessed on September 17, 2007).
. (accessed on September 17, 2007).
. (accessed on September 20, 2016). National Historical Institute. Historical Markers: Regions V - XII. Manila: National Historical Institute, 1993.Gwekoh, Sol H. Hall of Fame. Manila Times. |-

|-

Philippine

masks:
Paulino
Santos
Santos
Paulino
Santos
Santos
Santos
General Santos


texts:
 Army generals
Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs (Philippines)
Philippine Military Academy alumni
Filipino city founders
Military history of the Philippines
Filipino military personnel of World War II
Recipients of the Philippine Medal of Valor
1890 births
1945 deaths
Prisoners who died in Japanese detention
People from Tarlac
Armed Forces of the Philippines Medal of Valor
Quezon Administration personnel
Osmeña Administration


texts: <mask> FRS (10 March 1797 – 19 January 1876) was an English geologist and political economist as well as a Member of Parliament and magistrate for Stroud in Gloucestershire. While an undergraduate at Cambridge, through the influence of Edward Clarke and Adam Sedgwick he became interested in mineralogy and geology. During the winter of 1816–1817 he was at Naples, and was so keenly interested in Vesuvius that he renewed his studies of the volcano in 1818; and in the following year visited Etna and the Lipari Islands. In 1821 he married the daughter and heiress of <mask> of Castle Combe, Wiltshire, and assumed her name; and he entered the House of Commons of the United Kingdom in 1833 as MP for Stroud, retaining his seat until 1868. Meanwhile he began to study the volcanic regions of central France in 1821, and visited the Eifel district in 1823. In 1825 he published Considerations on Volcanos, leading to the establishment of a new theory of the Earth, and in the following year was elected FRS. This earlier work was subsequently amplified and issued under the title of Volcanos (1862); an authoritative text-book of which a second edition was published ten years later.In 1827 he issued his classic Memoir on the Geology of Central France, including the Volcanic formations of Auvergne, the Velay and the Vivarais, a quarto volume illustrated by maps and plates. The substance of this was reproduced in a revised and somewhat more popular form in The Geology and Extinct Volcanos of Central France (1858). These books were the first widely published descriptions of

masks:
George Julius Poulett Scrope
William Scrope


texts:
 the Chaîne des Puys, a chain of over 70 small volcanoes in the Massif Central. Scrope was awarded the Wollaston Medal by the Geological Society of London in 1867. Among his other works was the History of the Manor and Ancient Barony of Castle Combe (printed for private circulation, 1852). Biography

Early life
On 10 March 1797, <mask> Thomson was born in London to "John Thomson of Waverley Abbey, Surrey, and his wife, Charlotte" and was baptized under this name a few months later. John Thomson was the head of a successful trading firm (one source alluded that it was Roehampton and Austin Friars, London) that had dealings with Russia.His wife, Charlotte, was the daughter of well-to-do Doctor John Jacob of Salisbury. <mask> was the second son of John and Charlotte. Charles was the firstborn. The two brothers maintained a close friendship until Charles' "untimely death"   in a riding accident in Canada. <mask> and Charles cooperatively wrote Charles' autobiography. Not much has been documented about <mask>'s early and teen years, and his personal letters were left to his nephew Hugh Hammersley, but have been misplaced or destroyed. The sources reviewed by this researcher almost exclusively began with the circumstances of Thomson's birth and then resumed at his entry to Harrow at roughly thirteen years of age.Education
Thomson received his education at Harrow School, a privately funded public school in the Harrow district of London. After Harrow, Thomson was accepted to and enrolled at Pembroke College, Oxford in 1815. After a year he left Pembroke because

masks:
George Julius
George
George
George


texts:
 he found that its science departments were lacking courses of interest to him. To sate his scientific appetite, he transferred to St John's College, Cambridge in 1816. Also, during this year Thomson "acquired the additional name Poulett, which his father had recently adopted from an earlier and aristocratic branch of his family." Once at St. John's, Thomson was introduced to Professors Edward Daniel Clarke and Adam Sedgwick who "gave him his lifelong interest in geology." At the time these men were in the early stages of their careers, Clarke having been made the first professor of mineralogy within the field of geology at St. John's; Sedgwick being known for his attention to detail and his naming of certain sections of the geologic time scale including the Cambrian.Thomson received his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1821 in geology, after having performed several years of fieldwork in continental Europe. Social life
After a comfortable courtship, Thomson was married to Emma Phipps <mask> on 22 March 1821. She was the heiress of <mask> (phonetically Scroop) of Castle Combe, Wiltshire, which is north-east of Bath. She was also the great-granddaughter of Sir Robert Long, 6th Baronet. After a Royal Grant he assumed the name and arms of <mask>, in lieu of Thomson. The newly renamed <mask> <mask> and his wife resided at Castle Combe Manor House, which the <mask> family had owned since the fourteenth century. Emma had been disabled after a riding accident soon after the marriage, and no children were born of their union.Scrope had extensive alterations made to the

masks:
Scrope
William Scrope
Scrope
George Poulett
Scrope
Scrope