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<mask> (born 1 October 1990) is a Nigerian professional basketball player for the Maine Celtics of the NBA G League. <mask> played high school basketball at Bishop McNamara High School and competed collegiately with the Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball. He was ranked among the Panthers' school leaders in field goal percentage and earned various honors such as All-ACC Honorable Mention, ACC All-Tournament first team, and NIT Season Tip-Off All-Tournament team. <mask> primarily plays the center position. Early life
<mask> was born in Kaduna, Nigeria to <mask> and Maimuna <mask>. He was brought up with three brothers and two sisters. He began playing basketball at the age of 10 years because of a growth spurt and urging from his brother.<mask> ran mountains to improve his speed, fitness, and vertical leap. He was eventually discovered by American coaches in a camp run by ex-Georgetown player, Godwin Owinje, in Lagos. In 2006, he moved to the United States and moved in with a host family. Upon arriving, he said the first few weeks were a disaster, as he struggled to communicate, did not understand the culture, and didn't like the taste of the food. <mask> called his father with the desire to return to Nigeria. <mask>'s brother, a Nigerian doctor, contacted Bishop McNamara basketball head coach Marty Keithline and asked for <mask> to be given an opportunity to get an American education and to have the opportunity to play basketball. He later visited South Africa for "Basketball Without Borders," with several other players, including Serge Ibaka, Dikembe Mutombo, Dirk Nowitzki and Luol Deng.<mask> said seeing an NBA player in person was a great experience. He also stated that it made him want to be in their position. High school career
Soon after arriving in the United

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Talib Zanna
Zanna
Zanna
Zanna
Zanna Awami
Zanna
Zanna
Zanna
Zanna
Zanna
Zanna


type: original

texts:
 States, <mask>amara High School in Forestville, Maryland. As a sophomore in 2006–07, he missed 17 games with a broken foot but still averaged 10 points and 11 rebounds per game. He finished his sophomore season by posting 17 points and 15 rebounds against Paul VI Catholic High School in the WCAC Tournament quarter-finals. As a junior in 2007–08, he averaged 15.0 points, 13.5 rebounds, 3.4 blocks, 1.5 assists and 1.4 steals per game as he earned All-Washington Catholic Athletic Conference accolades. He was also marked one of the top candidates for All-MET honors.On 19 November 2008, <mask> signed a National Letter of Intent to play college basketball for the University of Pittsburgh. He was also recruited by Boston College, Connecticut, Oklahoma, Providence, South Florida, Saint Joseph's, Villanova, and West Virginia. As a senior in 2008–09, <mask> averaged 14.6 points and 11.8 rebounds per game as he was named first-team All-MET by the Washington Post and earned Independent private school all-league honors. College career

As a freshman at Pittsburgh in 2009–10, <mask> managed just three minutes of action in the first game before a shoulder injury forced him to miss the entire season as he applied for a medical hardship waiver. As a redshirted freshman in 2010–11, <mask> appeared in 27 games with 13 starting assignments. Despite missing the last seven games of the season due to a broken right thumb, <mask> still earned co-Most Improved Player honors at end of season team banquet. On the season, he averaged 3.7 points and 3.4 rebounds per game.As a sophomore in 2011–12, <mask> appeared in all 39 games with 14 starting assignments. He registered three double-doubles, nine double figure scoring games and four double figure rebounding games, and at the end of season team

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 banquet, he earned Best Defensive Player honors. On the season, he averaged 6.3 points and 5.5 rebounds per game. As a junior in 2012–13, <mask> started all 33 games at power forward as his minutes per game reached 23.9. He totaled three 20-point games, 14 double figure scoring games and four double figure rebounding games, and at the end of season team banquet, he earned the Coaches' Award. On the season, he averaged 9.6 points and 6.1 rebounds per game. As a senior in 2013–14, <mask> earned All-ACC honorable mention honors after averaging a career-best 13.0 points and 8.6 rebounds in 35 games (all starts).Professional career

Oklahoma City Blue (2014–2016)

After going undrafted in the 2014 NBA draft, <mask> joined the Oklahoma City Thunder for the 2014 NBA Summer League. On 29 September 2014, he signed with the Thunder as he joined former Pitt teammate, Steven Adams, for the team's training camp. <mask> appeared in all seven of Oklahoma City's preseason contests, averaging 4.4 points and 5.0 rebounds in 17.4 minutes per game before he was waived by the team on October 24, 2014. He commented on his time with the Thunder, saying, "...this organization is like a family. Everyone is there for each other. Togetherness is really big in this organization." On 4 November 2014, he was acquired by the Oklahoma City Blue as an affiliate player.He made his debut on November 14 against the Maine Red Claws, contributing 17 points and 15 rebounds. <mask> recorded eight double-doubles in his first 13 games, including four straight to begin the season. On 12 February 2015, he was named to the Futures All-Star team for the 2015 NBA D-League All-Star Game as a replacement for JaMychal Green. In July 2015, <mask> joined the Oklahoma City Thunder for the Orlando Summer League and the

masks: Zanna Zanna Zanna Zanna Zanna Zanna


texts:
 Cleveland Cavaliers for the Las Vegas Summer League. On 25 September 2015, he signed with the Thunder, returning to the team's training camp for the second year in a row. However, on 22 October, he was again waived by the Thunder after appearing in four preseason games. On November 3, he returned with the Blue.Nanterre 92 (2016–2017)
In July 2016, <mask> joined the D-League Select for the 2016 NBA Summer League. On August 2, 2016, he signed with Nanterre 92 of the French League. On April 26, 2017, <mask> and Nanterre parted ways one day after winning the FIBA Europe Cup title. Ironi Nes Ziona (2017–2018)
On August 12, 2017, <mask> signed with the Israeli team Ironi Nes Ziona for the 2017–18 season. On May 17, 2018, <mask> recorded a career-high 27 points, along with 12 rebounds and 3 steals in a 95–98 loss to Maccabi Tel Aviv. In 37 games played during the 2017–18 season, he averaged 13.9 points, 9.4 rebounds and 1.3 steals per game. <mask> helped Nes Ziona reach the 2018 Israeli League Playoffs, where they eventually were eliminated by Maccabi Tel Aviv.Fuenlabrada (2018–2019)
On July 31, 2018, <mask> signed a one-year deal with the Spanish team Fuenlabrada. On November 28, 2018, <mask> parted ways with Fuenlabrada after appearing in 14 games. On January 8, 2019, <mask> returned to Ironi Nes Ziona for a second stint, replacing Gerald Lee. On February 16, 2019, <mask> recorded a season-high 22 points, shooting 9-of-12 from the field, along with six rebounds and three steals in a 90–78 win over Hapoel Be'er Sheva. Afyon Belediye (2019–2020)
On September 22, 2019, <mask> signed a one-year deal with Afyon Belediye of the Turkish Basketbol Süper Ligi. Hapoel Tel Aviv (2020–2021)
On May 15, 2020, <mask> signed with Hapoel Tel Aviv of the Israeli Basketball Premier League.

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texts:
 <mask> averaged 10.8 points and 8.2 rebounds per game in 11 games.He re-signed with the team on August 2, 2020. Long Island Nets (2022)
On January 12, 2022, <mask> was acquired via the available player pool by the Long Island Nets of the NBA G League. He was then later waived on January 19, 2022. Agua Caliente Clippers (2022)
On January 30, 2022, <mask> was acquired via the available player pool by the Agua Caliente Clippers. He was then later waived on February 9, 2022. Maine Celtics (2022–present)
On February 11, 2022, <mask> was acquired via the available player pool by the Maine Celtics. National team career
<mask> is a member of the Nigerian national basketball team.He made his first appearance for the side at the 2019 FIBA World Cup qualification at Mali. Personal life
<mask>'s father died not long after he committed to Pittsburgh. He touches a picture of his deceased father in his locker, saying a prayer for him before every game. He could speak English before moving to the United States and is fluent in four languages. <mask> is a devout Muslim. References

External links
Pittsburgh bio
RealGM profile
NBA D-League profile

1990 births
Living people
Afyonkarahisar Belediyespor players
Agua Caliente Clippers players
Baloncesto Fuenlabrada players
Centers (basketball)
Hapoel Tel Aviv B.C. players
Ironi Nes Ziona B.C.players
Liga ACB players
Long Island Nets players
Nanterre 92 players
Nigerian expatriate basketball people in France
Nigerian expatriate basketball people in Israel
Nigerian expatriate basketball people in Spain
Nigerian expatriate basketball people in Turkey
Nigerian expatriate basketball people in the United States
Nigerian men's basketball players
Oklahoma City Blue players
Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball players
Power forwards

masks: Zanna Zanna Zanna Zanna Zanna Zanna Zanna


texts:
<mask> (born 5 April 1942) is an English pop rock singer, who was one of the founding members and the original lead singer of the Hollies. He achieved international hit singles with the group and is credited as co-writer on several of their best-known songs, including "On a Carousel", "Carrie Anne", "Jennifer Eccles" and "Long Cool Woman in a Black Dress". He retired from performing in 1999, but returned to the music industry in 2019. <mask> was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2010. Career
<mask> and his childhood friend Graham Nash began singing together in Manchester while still at school. They formed the Hollies in December 1962 with Vic Steele (lead guitar) and Eric Haydock (bass guitar). In April 1963, they added Tony Hicks (replacing Steele on lead guitar) and Bobby Elliott (replacing Don Rathbone on drums).In 1966, Bernie Calvert replaced Haydock as bass guitarist. <mask> was the Hollies' original lead singer, but also played occasional guitar and harmonica. In the UK they enjoyed 30 chart singles, plus two further chart entries with re-releases, 17 of which made the Top 10, with two – "I'm Alive" (1965) and "He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother" (1988 re-issue) – reaching No. 1. In the US charts they achieved 23 chart singles, six of which reached the Top 10. Many of the group's songs were co-written by <mask>, usually with Nash and Hicks, until Nash's departure at the end of 1968. They initially used the pseudonym "L. Ransford" for their songwriting credits, then '<mask>-Hicks' from mid-1966 onwards.In 1966, <mask>, along with several

masks:
Harold Allan Clarke
Clarke
Harold Allan Clarke
Clarke
Clarke
Clarke Nash
Clarke


texts:
 Hollies bandmates, assisted in the Everly Brothers' recording of their album Two Yanks in England, which featured Everly cover versions of mostly Hollies songs co-written by <mask>. <mask>-Hicks composed the Hollies' albums For Certain Because (1966), Evolution (1967) and Butterfly (1967). Their UK hit singles compilation The Hollies' Greatest Hits topped the UK Albums Chart in August 1968. After 1967, <mask> began writing solo songs under the team banner, notably: "Lullaby To Tim" (dedicated to his son, though sung by Nash), "Heading for a Fall", "Water on the Brain", and "Would You Believe?". Besides the full composing team, <mask> also wrote songs with Nash, such as "Try It", "Wishyouawish" (1967), "Tomorrow When it Comes", "Jennifer Eccles" and "Wings" (1968). <mask> assumed more of a figurehead profile as front man of the Hollies following Graham Nash's departure from the group in December 1968. <mask> was the sole lead singer on Hollies Sing Dylan (a UK No.3 album in early 1969). <mask> has sole credit for songs including "My Life Is Over With You", "Goodbye Tomorrow", "Not That Way at All", "Marigold" (1969), "Mad Professor Blyth", "Separated" (1970), "Row the Boat Together" and "Hold On" (1971). Also, <mask> helped Nash's replacement, Terry Sylvester, develop as a songwriter,  teaming with him to write a number of songs including "Gloria Swansong", "Look at Life" (1969), "I Wanna Shout", "Man Without a Heart" and "Perfect Lady Housewife" (1970). Departure from and return to the Hollies
Keen to launch a solo career due to Nash's success in Crosby,

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Clarke Nash
Clarke
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texts: Stills & Nash, <mask> left the group in 1971. He was replaced by the Swedish singer Mikael Rickfors, who was formerly with Bamboo. <mask> went on to release two solo albums: My Real Name Is  (Epic, 1972) and Headroom (EMI, 1973). After <mask> left the Hollies, "Long Cool Woman in a Black Dress", a song from their 1971 album Distant Light which he had co-written with songwriter Roger Cook and on which <mask> sang lead and played lead guitar, became an international hit single, reaching No.2 in the US (their most successful single ever there) and No. 32 in the UK Singles Chart. However, the Hollies toured with Nash's replacement, Sylvester, who assumed the lead vocal on performance of the single instead of <mask>. Rickfors left the group and <mask> rejoined them in July 1973. Their first single with him back in the fold was another of his songs, "The Day that Curly Billy Shot Down Crazy Sam McGee", a UK top 40 hit that autumn. <mask> continued to record and release solo albums while remaining with the Hollies, although his solo career did not achieve much album or single chart success. He released his self-titled third album in 1974.His next album was I've Got Time (1976). He also performed lead vocals on "Breakdown" by The Alan Parsons Project, from their 1977 album I Robot. He left The Hollies briefly for the second time in March 1978 and made I Wasn't Born Yesterday (1978), an album of original material mostly written with singer-songwriter Gary Benson. It yielded a US chart hit single in "(I Will Be Your) Shadow in the Street". He returned to the group in

masks: Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke


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 August. Subsequent solo albums included Legendary Heroes (1980), another largely original set, with its UK title and track running order changed to The Only One. He followed with a Best of... compilation (Aura, 1981).His final solo album of the last century was Reasons to Believe (1990), issued in Germany on Polydor Records, which remains unreleased in the US and UK. Between 1974 and 1978, <mask> composed most of the original songs the Hollies recorded on a series of studio albums with Tony Hicks and Terry Sylvester. In 1982, <mask> issued a rare non-album single, "Someone Else Will" c/w "Castles in the Wind" on Forever Records; however, the song failed to chart. <mask> recorded cover versions of Bruce Springsteen's "Born to Run", "Blinded by the Light" and "If I Were the Priest". In this period, <mask> also used material by Lindsey Buckingham, Janis Ian, Gavin Sutherland, and Randy Newman. 1993 saw <mask>'s final chart success with the Hollies, with the Nik Kershaw-penned single "The Woman I Love", which charted in the UK at No. 42.In 1996, <mask>, with the Hollies and Graham Nash, contributed harmony and support vocals to a new version of "Peggy Sue Got Married", featuring lead vocals by Buddy Holly, which was credited as 'Buddy Holly and The Hollies'. It appeared on the Not Fade Away tribute album. Temporary retirement
Due in part to ongoing medical problems with his vocal cords, <mask> retired from the music industry in 1999 to care for his wife, who had received a second diagnosis of cancer. <mask> was replaced in the band by Carl Wayne, former lead

masks: Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke


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 singer of the Move. Wayne died in 2004. The Hollies continue touring and recording today with Peter Howarth as their vocalist. On 15 March 2010, <mask>, with fellow Hollies members Graham Nash, Tony Hicks, Eric Haydock, Bobby Elliott, Terry Sylvester and Bernie Calvert, was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.In 2011, <mask> made a surprise appearance at a Crosby & Nash concert at the Royal Albert Hall where the two former Hollies performed "Bus Stop". Having appeared on harmonica for Carla Olson's band The Textones in 2018, <mask> made a return to his solo career in 2019 with a new album, Resurgence, on BMG. Personal life
<mask> married Jennifer Bowstead on 24 March 1964 in Coventry. They have three children: Tim (born 1966), Toby (b. 1969) and Piper (b. 1972). The Hollies' song title "Jennifer Eccles" was a combination of the names of <mask>'s wife and Graham Nash's then-wife, Rose Eccles.Discography
See also The Hollies discography

Solo albums
 My Real Name Is 'Arold (1972)
 Headroom (1973)
 <mask> (1974)
 I've Got Time (1976)
 I Wasn't Born Yesterday (1978)
 The Only One (a.k.a. Legendary Heroes) (1979)
 Reasons to Believe (1990)
 Resurgence (2019)

Appearances
 1977: I Robot - The Alan Parsons Project - lead vocals on "Breakdown"
 1999: Portraits of Bob Dylan - Steve Howe - lead vocals on "Don't Think Twice, It's All Right"

References

External links

https://www.allan-clarke.co.uk/

1942 births
British soft rock musicians
English male singers
English rock singers
Living people
Music in Salford
Singers from Manchester
People from Salford
The

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<mask><mask> ( – Geng Lishu; 6 March 1896 – 12 February 1995) was an American YWCA worker who spent most of her life as a social worker in Shanghai, China, where she died. She received various awards from the Shanghai and Chinese governments. Life

Early years (1896–1926)

<mask> was born in Pittsburgh, to a family of German origin. She was the daughter of a Methodist minister and spent her childhood near Columbia, Ohio. She earned a bachelor's degree in social economics at the North Western Christian University (Butler College) in 1920. She intended to go into social work and joined the campus branch of the YWCA. She became a student adviser with the YWCA.She began work with the YWCA traveling in the Mid-West of the United States. In 1923 she met Ida Pruitt, who had grown up in China, where her parents were Southern Baptist missionaries. Pruitt influenced her to accept a position as a YWCA foreign secretary in China. Shanghai YWCA (1926–40)

Gerlach went to Shanghai in 1926 to organize a YWCA office. In April 1927 she met and befriended the YWCA secretary Maud Russell, who had been forced to leave Wuchang due to the civil war. That year Gerlach joined a political study group in Shanghai with progressive foreigners such as Rewi Alley, Agnes Smedley and George Hatem (Ma Haide). Other members of the study group, which usually met in Alley's house, included YWCA secretaries Maud Russell, Lily Haass and Deng Yuzhi.Gerlach came to the conclusion that the sincere, capable and forward-looking Communists were best able to change China from a poor country oppressed by foreigners into a strong, wealthy and independent nation. She also thought that YWCA training would help women become leaders during and after the coming Communist revolution. Alley and Gerlach contacted progressive organizations in China and campaigned to improve social, political and economic conditions. Gerlach was concerned about the practice of binding the feet of women and children in China, which she called inhumane and a

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Talitha A
. Gerlach
Talitha Gerlach


texts:
 perversion of beauty. According to Helen Foster Snow, a journalist in China in the 1930s and wife of Edgar Snow,

Gerlach worked at the YWCA headquarters in Shanghai for most of the 1930s. She became involved with the Communist Party and the "national salvation" groups led by students opposed to Chiang Kai-shek's right-wing policies and efforts to appease Japan. War broke out between China and Japan in 1937.The YWCA decided that its secretaries should remain in place, whether they were Chinese or Foreign. Gerlich was flooded by requests that arrived almost every day, such as "Can you find a place for 200 women prisoners who have been evacuated from the jail which is in the fighting zone? Can you take in sixty more children who have just been evacuated from the village of Minghong where the fighting has been very severe? Can we count on the YWCA to share in setting up a temporary hospital for the civilians wounded—the regular hospitals are not able to take them? In 1938 <mask> joined the China Defense League organized by Soong Ching-ling, the widow of Sun Yat-sen
She helped smuggle money and medical aid to parts of China that had not been occupied and to the Chinese Communists and other group opposed to the Japanese. Gerlach used her position as a non-belligerent foreigner in Japanese-occupied Shangai to smuggle supplies and money to the resistance. She would board an American liner anchored in Shanghai every week to deposit mail for the China Defense League (CDL) in Hong Kong.Gerlach returned to the US in 1940 via Hong Kong, where she met Madam Sun for the first time. United States (1940–51)

After the end of World War II (1939–45) Gerlach worked with Ida Pruitt from 1945 to 1951 raising money for the Chinese Industrial Cooperatives while continuing to work for the YWCA in New York City. Gerlach campaigned to obtain money and support in the US for the China Welfare Fund, which disregarded Chiang Kai-shek's protests and sent aid to Communist-held regions of China. She was among the


texts:
 supporters of the Committee for a Democratic Far Eastern Policy, as were Rose Terlin, Lily Haas and others. Gerlach returned to China in July 1946 to resume her YWCA work, and was invited by Madame Sun to join the China Welfare Institute executive, but was recalled to the US in December 1947. In August 1946 <mask> was invited to help write a constitution for the new League for the Protection of Human Rights in China. Paul Yen, James Gareth Endicott, Y. T. Wu and other liberals were also asked to participate.With the start of the Cold War the China Aid Council was accused of being a Communist front and was added to the Attorney General's List of Subversive Organizations. The Council was dissolved on 23 November 1948. Some of its members founded the China Welfare Appeal in April 1949, with Gerlach as Chairperson of the Board. Soon after the Attorney General added this organization to his list, and the YWCA decided to dismiss Gerlach. She retired in 1951 as soon as she had completed 25 years of service and was eligible for pension benefits. Post-war Shanghai welfare work (1945–95)

After leaving the YWCA in 1951 Gerlach accepted an invitation from Soong Ching-ling to manage a welfare institute for war refugees. Gerlach joined Yu Jiying, a former YWCA secretary, to undertake social service work at the China Welfare Institute, which Soong Ching-ling had founded during the civil war to help the poorest people in the slums of Shanghai, and after the war to give infant care, health and literacy classes.In 1956, at a time when US politics was very right-wing, Russell wrote to Gerlach expressing envy for her greater freedom in China. The reality was the foreigners such as Gerlach had little freedom of speech, and were subject to tight travel restrictions. Gerlach had protectors at senior levels in the party, and unlike other foreigners was not arrested during the Cultural Revolution that Mao Zedong launched in 1966. She was considered an "old China hand", as were Ruth Weiss and Hans Müller, all


texts:
 of whom were associated with Soong Ching-ling and had been known and trusted in Shanghai before the revolution. Gerlach supported the Cultural Revolution, and wrote to her old friend Maud Russell describing the events with approval. After 1967 her letters to Russell were very carefully worded, perhaps because she was concerned about either Chinese or Western interpretations. In May 1971 she wrote to Russell asking her not to defend the imprisoned foreigners against charges of spying, but to remove works by Israel Epstein, Elsie Fairfax-Cholmeley and David Crook from lists of past publications in the Far East Reporter.Alice Cook met <mask> in 1979, by then a very old woman. Gerlach told Cook she had received no support from the YWCA since the 1930s, and they had held back the money owed to her until she would return to the US. Cook said Gerlach had become almost completely Chinese, and the Chinese were looking after her as a loyal supporter in her old age. Gerlach and 25 other foreigners were honored by Vice Premier Wang Zhen in December 1979 at a banquet in the Beijing Great Hall of the People. Although in her 80s, she was still working half days to help manage the welfare institute, now part of the Culture Ministry. She had a ground-floor flat with a large private garden, an exceptionally good residence for Shanghai at the time. She was always loyal to the Chinese Communist Party, which she never criticized.She died in Shanghai on 12 February 1995 and is buried there in Soong-Ching-ling Park. Honors

<mask> <mask> received various honors:
1986 Certificate of Honor – Shanghai
1987 Honorary permanent resident certificate – Shanghai
1988 Camphor Tree Prize for maternal and child welfare – Shanghai
1989 Certificate of honor – State Council People's Republic of China
1999 Named "people's friendly ambassador"

Notes

Sources

1896 births
1995 deaths
American social workers
YWCA leaders
People from Pittsburgh
American people of German descent
Butler University alumni
American expatriates in

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<mask> (born Arthur Lionel Kingsley Evans, May 27, 1923 – January 19, 1968)  was an American novelist, historian and poet. Biography
<mask> was born in San Francisco. In author profiles, however, he claimed to have been born April 25, 1925 in Minden, Nevada (several of his books are set in Nevada). <mask> attended Stanford University from 1941–43. He served in the Civilian Public Service as a conscientious objector, and wrote a letter as “<mask>” decrying the compliant American masses to Dwight Macdonald’s Politics in 1945. He legally changed his name to <mask> on September 3, 1946. He changed his name to disassociate himself from his father, and because he believed the surname was unique to him in the United States (as a child he had been known to friends as “Lyonel”).He attended San Francisco State College from 1947–48, and graduated from the University of California, Berkeley in January 1951. He lived in Europe from 1951–1954, 1960–1962, and 1964–1965. Most of his books as <mask> were originally published in England. Stacton wrote under the pseudonyms Carse Boyd, Bud Clifton, <mask> and <mask>. He also ghosted Living Religions Of The World a 1956 work accredited to Frederic Spiegelberg. Stacton may have lied about being married, and recollections by friends and people who personally met him strongly indicate that he was gay and unafraid of being flamboyant in person. One memoir records Stacton's penchant for drag.The few author descriptions in contemporary reviews were much taken by his wearing of cowboy boots. In 1965-1966 he taught at Washington and Lee College. He died January 19, 1968 in Fredensborg, Denmark. His death was reported as being from a stroke. <mask> had suffered from epilepsy since a child.

masks:
David Derek Stacton
Stacton
Stacton
David Stacton
David Derek Stacton
David Stacton
David Dereksen
David West
Stacton


texts:
 Overview
<mask>'s earliest published works were poems, often betraying the influence of T.S. Eliot, which were published in American little magazines.They were collected in 1953. <mask> began as a writer of moody California-based novels, became moderately well known as a writer of short, concentrated historical and biographical novels, and then ended his career as a writer of lengthy histories. His historical novels are distinctive for covering many disparate periods and historical figures and were popular with a coterie of critics but they never reached a wide audience. His novels usually focus on a couple of characters who are often highly private, unusual, even perverse individuals, so that his novels are more about encompassing the range of their personalities and motives through introspection rather than through narrative and plot. Stacton frequently refers to life as a "Cosmic Opera House". He sees his characters as parables and illustrative of certain trends, and he wrote three series of thematically related triptychs. In his first triptych, "The Invincible Questions", Stacton chooses protagonists who are more important for their personal inquiries into the nature of reality than anything that they do, despite being a pharaoh, a king, and monk.His second "American" triptych is highly critical of the development of American history and of America's tendencies to both imperialism and isolationism (Gore Vidal's silence about Stacton may be significant). And in his third triptych, Stacton examines, with considerable irony, the eternally fraught relationship between archetypal Man and Woman, beginning with Hindu myth, then looking comically at a famous period romance, and concluding with sad events at a film

masks:
David Stacton
David Stacton


texts: festival in the recent past. <mask>'s novels are often low in dialogue, and his better novels are instead full of his witty scornful comments on his characters and life. At his best Stacton had an epigrammatic style and enjoyed a sophisticated irony, although antipathetic critics took him to task for pretentious vocabulary, a tendency to florid paradoxes, and anachronistic allusions (i.e. describing a 14th-century Zen garden using phrases from Marianne Moore and Peter Pan). In 1963, Time magazine praised his work as "masses of epigrams marinated in a stinging mixture of metaphysics and blood" and suggested that "something similar might have been the result if the Duc de la Rochefoucauld had written novels with plots suggested by Jack London". His other literary influences include Walter Pater, for his choice of characters with frustrated artistic and emotional longings, and Lytton Strachey for his witty attention to history.Several of <mask>'s novels feature homosexual characters prominently when this was uncommon. Besides the novels and other literary works published under his name, he also published a wide range of pseudonymous cowboys, thrillers and exploitation novels. Pulp novels about juvenile delinquents written under pseudonyms proved very popular, were translated into numerous languages and D for Delinquent was one of Ace’s top sellers for 1958. The Power Gods, about a motorcycle gang, was set in Nevada. Muscle Boy features in many histories of gay pulp fiction. Muscle Boy was inspired by an actual crime ring based in San Francisco, but Clifton transplanted the action to Muscle Beach and populated it with an assortment of flamboyant party boys and hustlers. The reaction of the real life figures

masks: Stacton Stacton


texts:
 identifiable in the novel was one reason he left the San Francisco area, more or less permanently, in 1959.Rediscovery
Faber Finds has republished seven of <mask>'s novels. (Times Literary Supplement, April 5, 2013). Fans of <mask> include John Crowley (Stacton was the inspiration for the character Fellowes Kraft in Crowley’s Ægypt sequence), Thomas M. Disch, and Peter Beagle. Awards
 Guggenheim Fellowship - 1961 and 1966
 National Endowment for the Arts Literature Fellowship - 1968

Bibliography

Poetry
 An Unfamiliar Country: 25 Poems (Fantasy Press, 1953)
 A Desert Fox, With Cactus-Colored fur (Albert Sperisen, 1960) – broadside poem
 Aetatis Suae LII (Albert Sperisen, 1961) - broadside poem
 Closing In (New Broom Private Press, 1976)
 Five Poems (Limited Editions Unincorporated, 1977)
 If Light in August (The Conspiratorial Impermanent Press, 1984)

Biography / History
 A Ride on a Tiger: The Curious Travels of Victor Jacquemont (Museum Press, 1954)
 The Crescent and the Cross: The fall of Byzantium May 1453 (G.P. <mask> Stacton 1923-1968 (University of California, 1968) - 4 page check-list of Stacton's writings compiled by Stacton’s agent for a memorial exhibition at the Bancroft Library, University of California in November 1968
 "<mask>on", <mask>. Slavitt, Hollins Critic, December 2002
 Writers revisited: <mask> and the judges of the secret court by Crawford Killian

Research resources
<mask> Papers at The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley

References

1923 births
1968 deaths
20th-century American novelists
American male novelists
American conscientious objectors
Members of the Civilian Public Service
People from Minden, Nevada
20th-century American male writers
Stanford

masks:
Stacton
David Stacton
David Derek
David Stact
David R
David Stacton
David Stacton


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<mask> (born March 1, 1956) is an Israeli theatre designer and director of the Academy of Performing Arts, Tel Aviv, a translator of plays and prose into Hebrew, and a peace activist. Biography
<mask>i was born 1 March 1956 in Tel Aviv, Israel, to Dr <mask>, architect and Professor Emeritus of Hebrew Literature at Bar-Ilan University and Rina Itzhaki, educator at the Kibbutzim College of Education. She is married to Israeli Professor of theatre at the University of Haifa and translator of drama and poetry Avraham Oz. Education
Itzhaki earned a Senior Art Teacher degree from the HaMidrasha School of Art (now HaMidrasha – Faculty of the Arts of Beit Berl College), Israel (1977), where she studied (among others) under painters such as Raffi Lavie, Eliahu Gat, Yair Garbuz and Shlomo Vitkin; and a B.A. in theatre design (1982) from Tel Aviv University, where she studied under designers such as Lydia Pincus-Gani, Eli Sinai and Ben-Tzion Munitz. She is currently a PhD candidate in Theatre at Tel Aviv University

Career
<mask>i has been the director of the Academy of Performing Arts, Tel Aviv since its establishment in 2010. She taught at Tel Aviv University Theatre Department, at the WIZO Haifa Academy of Design and Education and served as Senior Lecturer at the Sapir Academic College.She founded the program of theatre design at the Department of Theatre at the University of Haifa which she headed for 9 years (1996-2004). Between 2003 and 2005 she was a visiting artist at Columbia University, New York, where she designed and produced, together with fellow director Amit Gazit, productions such as Hanoch Levin's Luggage Packers, and co-authored  "Neighbors", an adapted "contamination" collage of Levin's plays and "Xandra compelled to speak", a theatrical piece based on Euripides' Trojan

masks:
Tal Itzhaki
Tal Itzhak
Yedidya Itzhaki
Tal Itzhak


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 Women and texts by 16 other authors, classical and modern. TV
Itzhaki also designed TV shows, among them "The Ya'acov Shabtai Songs Show," (1997); "Homage to Kibbutzim," (1997), and others. Other Activities
Together with fellow designer Moshe Sternfeld, playwright Hanoch Levin and others, Itzhaki was one of the initiators and founders of the first Fringe Centre in Tel Aviv. She served for many years the General Secretary of AMBI, the Israeli organization of stage designers, curated numerous stage design exhibitions in Israel and abroad, among them six exhibitions of Israeli stage design at the Prague Quadrennial (1991-2011)
and the pioneering and much acclaimed and attended "Fashion Show", a gigantic retrospective exhibition of the history of stage and costume design in Israel at the large foyers of the Jerusalem Theatre (2008-9). Itzhaki has published articles on scenography in professional and academic journals and books, and organized international conferences on the subject. She was the Israeli delegate on the professional committees of OISTAT, the International Organisation of Scenographers, Theatre Architects and Technicians, and was active in IFTR, the international federation of theatre research.Itzhaki lectured, led seminars and workshop and served as member of professional jury in international design competitions, all those in Prague, Amsterdam, United States, Antwerp, Lisbon, Ebora, Munich, Jaipur, Seoul, Gothenburg and elsewhere. She served twice as a juror at the Acco Festival of Alternative Israeli Theatre, where she, like many theatre personalities of her generation, started their professional careers. Translations
<mask> <mask> has translated numerous plays into the Hebrew, among them María Irene Fornés' The Conduct of Life, Sarah Daniels Neaptide, Jonathan

masks: Tal Itzhaki


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 Harvey's Beautiful Thing, David Hare's Secret Rapture, Caryl Churchill's Cloud Nine and Seven Jewish Girls, Arnold Wesker's Shylock, Bernard Slade's Same Time Next Year, Anne Devlin's Ourselves Alone, Nick Dear's The Art of Success, and many others. She has translated Winston Churchill's collection Never Give In. Awards and Citations
<mask> <mask> has designed sets, costume, puppets and masks for over 250 shows in theatres, dance companies, and theatre schools in Israel and abroad. Her work won several awards and citations. Her design for "Woman from the Earth" at the Acco Festival of Alternative Israeli Theatre, 1981, won her the First Prize for design."The fair, celestial set of <mask> Itzhaki, with sown angels, and silhouettes of Cherubim and Seraphim placed on stage, is wonderful", wrote critic Giora Manor at the daily "Al Hamishmar"; and Amir Orian writes in the weekly "Ha'ir":"The set of <mask> Itzhaki is simple and serves well the basic approach of the production. Yet it is also impressive in its beauty in the combined placement of the various figures of Lilith in shades of red against a white background." On her design for "The Pledge of Troth" at the Acco Festival of Alternative Israeli Theatre and The Library Theatre, Maariv (newspaper) reviewer Sarit Fuchs has written: " "The Pledge of Troth"... turned, owing to a beautiful classical stage fermentation, into a sensual experience, a dream experience... The sea of Jaffa – one of the central symbols of the story – the symbol of sub conscience, passion, lunacy, was created by designer <mask> Itzhaki as a beautiful backdrop, serving as a reflection of the mental world of the characters, who are gradually engulfed and imprisoned by their madness. The sea, like the entire stage, moves between a shining Israeli light of

masks: Tal Itzhaki Tali Tali Tali


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 consciousness, and a Norwegian or Swedish darkening, of a sub conscience remindful of Ibsen, Bergman, or Edvard Munch"

And on the production of Inherit the Wind, which she designed for the Haifa Theatre, theatre critic Elyakim Yaron wrote in the same paper:  "It is impossible to imagine Gazit's direction of the play, especially in those parts in which a huge theatrical and spectacular momentum is required, without his fertile cooperation with his stage designer, <mask> Itzhaki. Her impressive stage design indeed enables a show of such theatrical extension. Her design managed to successfully create a magnificent integration of that atmosphere of distinct American background, and a clear conception of a huge and impressive space.The aesthetic neatness of the set, which wonderfully combines the brown wooden colors with the classical white structure of columns and banisters, is a delight for the eye. And indeed the director uses this framework well, when he sits on the upper balconies the town's citizents attending the trial. And this excellent stage picture is yet complemented by the beautiful costumes." Gallery

Selected works for the theatre: set, costume, puppets and masks

Select publications

 <mask> <mask>, Beyond Concrete, American Theatre 2008. <mask> <mask>,Ways of Unseeing: Glass Walls on the Main Stage, in: Susan Haedicke, Dee Heddon, A. Oz, E J Westlake (eds. ), Political Performances: Theory and Practice, New York & Amsterdam, 2009. <mask> <mask>, Theatre and Travel, Teatron 2010.(Hebrew)
 Tal Itzhaki Notes Concerning the PQ Changes, in: Sodja Lotker (ed. ), Transformations of Prague Quadrennial from 1999 to 2015, Prague, 2017

References

External links
 <mask> <mask>, Associate Professor (artist), University of Haifa (1996-2004)

1956 births
Living people
Israeli

masks: Tali Tal Itzhaki Tal Itzhaki Tal Itzhaki Tal Itzhaki


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<mask>wu Brian "Ekene" <mask> (born July 19, 1985) is a Nigerian American professional basketball player who last played for Chorale Roanne Basket of the LNB Pro A. He played college basketball for the University of Maryland at College Park and represents the Nigerian national basketball team in international competitions. High school career
<mask> attended Carson High School in Carson, California. As a senior in 2002–03, he was a second-team Parade All-American after averaging 19.9 points, 10.2 rebounds and 4.4 blocks per game in leading his squad to a 23–4 record and a semi-final finish in the Los Angeles city championship. He also earned all-state honors and a first team "All-Dream Team" nod by the Long Beach Press-Telegram as a senior, while he was named to the All-L.A. city first team, the All-South Bay first team and his team's MVP as a junior and senior. College career
In his freshman season at Maryland, Ibekwe was the only freshman to play in all 32 games, drawing seven starts during his rookie season. He led the Terps in blocked shots with 44, an average of 1.4 per game, becoming the first freshman to lead the Terps in blocked shots since Joe Smith (1993–94).In those 32 games, he averaged 4.9 points and 3.9 rebounds per game. In his sophomore season, he played in 30 of 32 games on the season, starting 18 while finishing fifth on the team in scoring with 8.4 points per game and second in rebounding with 6.3 boards. He also led the team in blocks with 55, finishing fourth among ACC leaders with 1.83 blocks per game. On November 30, 2004, he recorded his first career double-double with a career-high 21 points on 10-of-13 shooting at Wisconsin. In his junior season, he appeared in 32 games and made 30 starts while

masks: Ekenechuk Ibekwe Ibekwe


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 averaging 11.1 points and 6.6 rebounds per game; also finished the year seventh in the ACC with 1.34 blocks per game. In his senior season, he earned ACC All-Defensive Team and All-ACC Honorable Mention honors. In 32 games, he averaged 10.4 points, 7.8 rebounds and 2.7 blocks per game.For his career, he accrued 1,107 points, 781 rebounds and 230 blocks, becoming the fourth player in school history (and the first since Lonny Baxter) to record 1,000 points, 500 rebounds and 200 blocks. Professional career

2007–08 season
Ibekwe went undrafted in the 2007 NBA draft. In August 2007, he signed with Hapoel Galil Elyon of Israel for the 2007–08 season. In October 2007, he was released by Galil Elyon and later signed with Hapoel Gilboa/Afula. In February 2008, he parted ways with Gilboa/Afula. The next month, he joined Besançon BCD of France for the rest of the season. 2008–09 season
In July 2008, Ibekwe joined the Phoenix Suns for the 2008 NBA Summer League.He later signed with Selçuk Üniversitesi of Turkey for the 2008–09 season. In May 2009, he joined Gigantes de Carolina for the rest of the 2009 BSN season. 2009–10 season
In July 2009, Ibekwe joined the Toronto Raptors for the 2009 NBA Summer League. He later signed with Antalya Kepez Belediyesi of Turkey but was waived before the start of the season. In December 2009, he signed with Iman Harbour of the Iranian Basketball Super League. In January 2010, he left Iman and signed with Genç Banvitliler of Turkey for the rest of the season. 2010–11 season
In July 2010, Ibekwe joined the Portland Trail Blazers for the 2010 NBA Summer League.In August 2010, he signed with the Artland Dragons of Germany for the 2010–11 season. On December 16, 2010, he parted ways with Artland. Three days


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 later, he signed with Ironi Ashkelon of Israel for the rest of the season. In February 2011, he parted ways with Ironi and signed with Bayreuth of Germany for the rest of the season. 2011–12 season
On July 8, 2011, <mask> re-signed with Bayreuth for the 2011–12 season. 2012–13 season
In July 2012, Ibekwe re-joined the Portland Trail Blazers for the 2012 NBA Summer League. On August 16, 2012, he signed with Lagun Aro GBC of Spain for the 2012–13 season.2014–15 season
On August 18, 2014, Ibekwe signed with the New Zealand Breakers for the 2014–15 NBL season. In what was a great season for Ibekwe, he earned All-NBL second team honors and helped lead the Breakers to the NBL Grand Final. After winning Game 1 against the Cairns Taipans in Cairns, Game 2 shifted to Auckland where in the dying seconds of the game, it was tied up 81-81. Coming out of the timeout, Ibekwe hit a game-winning fade-away shot to lift the Breakers over the Taipans 83-81 and thus clinched the team's fourth title in five seasons. On March 18, 2015, he signed with Atenienses de Manatí of the Baloncesto Superior Nacional to replace center Jerome James. His stint with Manatí lasted just 11 games as he parted ways with the club in mid-April. In those 11 games, he averaged 9.1 points, 6.4 rebounds and 1.2 blocks per game.2015–16 season
On August 10, 2015, Ibekwe signed with Melbourne United for the 2015–16 NBL season. However, on September 18, Ibekwe was released by United on compassionate terms after he requested permission to return to Europe to be with his heavily pregnant girlfriend. Eight days later, he signed with the Gießen 46ers of Germany's Basketball Bundesliga. On November 22, he parted ways with Gießen. On January 2, 2016, he signed with the Russian


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 club Krasny Oktyabr of the VTB United League. On May 2, 2016, Ibekwe signed with Hekmeh BC to replace the injured Todd O'Brien in the Final Four of the Lebanese Basketball League. 2016–17 season
On July 20, 2016, Ibekwe signed with ČEZ Nymburk of Czech Republic for the 2016–17 season.On October 20, 2016, he left Nymburk and signed a two-month contract with German club Skyliners Frankfurt. Following the expiration of contract, he left Frankfurt. On December 30, 2016, he signed with Turkish club Uşak Sportif. On May 1, 2017, Ibekwe signed with the French LNB Pro A club Élan Chalon for the rest of the 2016–17 Pro A season. 2017–18 season
On September 4, 2017, Ibekwe signed a three-month contract with German club Oettinger Rockets. On December 30, 2017, he signed with French club Champagne Châlons-Reims Basket for the rest of the 2017–18 Pro A season. 2019–20 season
On November 29, 2019, he has signed with Élan Béarnais of the LNB Pro A. Ibekwe averaged 8.7 points and 6.6 rebounds per game.2020–21 season
On August 7, 2020, Ibekwe signed with Champagne Châlons-Reims Basket. On February 11, 2021, he has signed with Chorale Roanne Basket of the LNB Pro A. International career
<mask> has been a member of the senior men's Nigerian national basketball team. He played at the 2006 FIBA World Championship, where he was one of the team's leaders in points (4th) and rebounds (1st). He also played at the 2012 and 2016 Summer Olympics. Personal
Ibekwe is the son of Nigerian parents, Agatha and <mask>. His brother, Onye, played college basketball for Long Beach State.He also has two sisters, Chinyere and Ify. Ify Ibekwe is also a professional basketball player, she represents the Nigerian women's national basketball team in international

masks:
Ibekwe
Augustine Ibekwe


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<mask> (4 March 1922 – 7 April 2019) was a French-born Australian engineer. Trained as a naval architect, he served in the French Navy during the Second World War and, after the Fall of France, as a spy for the French intelligence services. <mask> was captured twice by the Germans and imprisoned in concentration camps and successfully escaped both times. He was awarded the Croix de Guerre for his bravery and emigrated to Australia after the war. <mask> worked as a civil engineer and played a key role in designing the temporary works that allowed construction of the Sydney Opera House sails. This entailed making more than 30,000 manual calculations with an accuracy of . Subsequent computer checks showed that he had not made a single error.In later life he worked on wind turbine projects and as a mentor to young engineers. Early life and war service
<mask> was born in Corsica, France on 14 March 1922. His mother died soon after the birth and he was sent by his father to be brought up by an aunt and uncle. <mask> developed an interest in mathematics and studied naval engineering at Saint-Tropez. Following the outbreak of the Second World War he joined the French Navy. Whilst there <mask>'s intelligence was recognised and he was recruited as a spy. Shortly after he began his work in intelligence he was detected and captured by the Germans, who imprisoned him in the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp complex in Austria.He was put to work as a forced labourer but managed to escape as a result of an administrative error made by the guards whilst he was being transported. <mask> resumed his work undercover but was arrested in Paris and sent to Buchenwald concentration camp. He was forced to make use of his technical skills, working in an underground factory producing V-1 flying bombs and V-2 rockets. Though he had little choice but to comply, <mask> remained ashamed of his role in producing these weapons for the rest of his life. The forced labourers received very little food, being lucky to receive a loaf of bread per day between five men. <mask> had a good metabolism and would often give his allocation to

masks:
Joseph Bertony
Bertony
Bertony
Bertony
Bertony
Bertony
Bertony
Bertony
Bertony


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 other prisoners, angering the SS guards. He was sometimes put to work on farms where he was designated a "carotenfuhrer", a prisoner with responsibility for guarding silos of carrots.The prisoners were prohibited from eating the crops they harvested, and during this time <mask> survived by eating boiled grass. As "carotenfuhrer" if <mask> allowed a prisoner to eat the carrots, which he did many times, both he and the prisoner would be stripped and flogged. Towards the end of the war, in 1945 with US forces approaching, the prisoners from Buchenwald were marched to the German-Czech border and loaded onto a cattle train. They were then taken to a remote spot to be executed by shooting. <mask> anticipated this and escaped the train in the company of another man. The two men endured ten days in the snow with no food and clad only in their thin camp uniforms. They survived to be rescued and became firm friends for the rest of their lives.<mask> was awarded the Croix de Guerre by the French government for his actions during this escape. Sydney Opera House

<mask> moved to  Australia in 1953 to work at the uranium mines at Rum Jungle, Northern Territory. At the time Australia operated a scheme that allowed European citizens permanent residency if they secured work in the country for two years. <mask> was given a job at Hornibrook, a construction company famous for its work on bridges, that satisfied this requirement. During the early 1960s <mask> worked on the construction of the Sydney Opera House. The building's design with a number of large "sails" made up of 22,194 pre-cast concrete segments proved challenging to construct. The segments were to be fixed in position with epoxy resin and <mask> determined that a temporary steel "erection arch" falsework would be required to support the structure in the temporary condition.Bertony settled on a mobile telescopic truss system and completed the 30,000 necessary calculations by hand in six months. The structure, which had no flat elements, was complex, and the margin of error required was . The calculations had to be checked for safety, and this was carried out

masks: Bertony Bertony Bertony Bertony Bertony Bertony Bertony Bertony


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 by computer. The only machine in the country powerful enough to do so was the IBM 7090 at the Long Range Weapons Establishment at Woomera. This was only available during night time for one week in every month. One of <mask>'s colleagues, David Evans, operated the computer and reported that no errors were found in <mask>'s calculations. Evans later stated that <mask>'s work had greatly helped the construction programme and claimed that "it would have taken many minds and many rounds of trial and error, and a much longer time and a much bigger budget, to get those ribs in the air if <mask> hadn't been there".Sydney Opera House chief executive Louise Herron also stated "<mask> was a genius. Without him, the spectacular sails might never have become a reality". Later life
After the Opera House, <mask> worked on other projects in Sydney including the Roseville Bridge in the Middle Harbour and the Pheasant's Nest Bridge over the Nepean River. <mask> donated the calculation sheets from his time on the Opera House to the Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences, and they are now held as part of the Powerhouse Museum collection. <mask> later ran calculations to prove that an earlier, more ambitious model for the opera house, one which had flatter concrete sails, had also been technically possible. In the 1990s he worked with a Scottish company to design a vertical axis wind turbine design and at the time of his death was working on a Scottish wind farm scheme. Personal life
<mask>'s wife was a pianist and physiotherapist at Hornibrook.They had no children and she died in 2016. <mask> was a lover of French food and dined out regularly in Sydney's restaurants. He also held a keen interest in electric vehicles and helped to mentor young engineers. <mask> died at his home in Sydney on 7 April 2019. References

1922 births
2019 deaths
French spies
French civil engineers
Australian civil engineers
French Navy officers
French military personnel of World War II
French emigrants to Australia
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)
Buchenwald concentration camp survivors
Mauthausen concentration camp

masks: Bertony Bertony Bertony Joe Bertony Bertony Bertony Bertony Bertony Bertony Bertony


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<mask> (24 November 1885 – 29 May 1955), better known as <mask>, was a German film actor, best known for playing sinister figures in films in the 1920s and 1930s as well as being a mainstay in director Fritz Lang's Weimar-era films. He is probably best known in popular culture, particularly to English-speaking audiences, for playing the archetypal mad scientist role of C. A. Rotwang in Lang's Metropolis and as the criminal genius Doctor Mabuse. Klein-Rogge also appeared in several important French films in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Biography
<mask> was born in Cologne, Germany on 24 November 1885. His father, <mask>, was a military lawyer who served as  (the equivalent of Judge Advocate General) for the 15th Division of the Prussian Army, garrisoned at Cologne. His mother, Maria Bertha Emma Rose, was the daughter of a prominent landowner () in Lichteinen, East Prussia. The elder Klein hoped his son would follow him into a military career and entered him in one of the elite Prussian cadet academies (possibly nearby Bensberg).These institutions were famous for their harsh discipline and dedication to Spartan ideals; many of Germany's most renowned 19th and 20th century military leaders attended such schools. On his deathbed, however, Klein-Rogge confided to a friend that when a teacher went after him () he ran away from school. Traveling by night and hiding during the day, the boy returned home only to be told by his father that he was a  and from henceforth he was the "black sheep" of his family. His father's premature death in 1896 ended Klein-Rogge's tenure at the cadet school and he entered a local humanistic gymnasium in Cologne. One of his childhood friends was

masks:
Friedrich Rudolf Klein
Rudolf Klein Rogge
Friedrich Rudolf Klein
Hermann Rudolf Klein


texts: future film composer Gottfried Huppertz, who was to write the scores for Lang's Die Nibelungen as well as Metropolis. Huppertz dedicated his first composition,  ["Climbing Roses"], to Klein-Rogge.) It was likely the actor who introduced his old friend to Lang.Klein-Rogge spent three years at the University of Bonn (then Rhein-Universität) and in Berlin, studying art history. He also began taking acting lessons from Hans Siebert, a veteran of Vienna's Burgtheater, and made his stage debut in 1909, playing Cassius in Julius Caesar in Halberstadt. As there was a contemporary actor named <mask>, the future film star added "Rogge" to his name. (Rogge was the surname of his mother's first husband and his half-siblings.) After his debut, Klein-Rogge went on to play in theaters located in Düsseldorf, Kiel and Aachen. In Aachen, Klein-Rogge wed actress Gerda Melchior, a cousin of the beloved silent film star Henny Porten, but the marriage ended when he met actress and novelist Thea von Harbou. The two married in 1914 and the following year, Klein-Rogge joined Nuremberg's Städtische Bühnen theatre as both an actor and director.In 1918, the pair moved to Berlin to capitalize on von Harbou's writing skills and her budding career as a scenarist and screenwriter, while Klein-Rogge was hired by Victor Barnowsky, director of Berlin's Lessing Theater. Klein-Rogge's film career began in earnest in 1919, although he may have made an uncredited screen debut in 1913's Der Film von der Königin Luise, directed by Franz Porten. It has been more widely stated that he appeared in an uncredited role of a criminal in The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari. However, recent research has found that the part was


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 actually played by Ludwig Rex. The confusion may have stemmed from Klein-Rogge's skill in disguising his appearance with theatrical makeup, wigs and prosthetics, which has led at least one movie historian to dub him Germany's Lon Chaney. At this time, von Harbou was having an affair with director Fritz Lang and eventually left Klein-Rogge to marry Lang. Despite the split, Klein-Rogge made several films that were written by von Harbou and directed by Lang, including Destiny, Dr. Mabuse the Gambler, Die Nibelungen, Metropolis and Spies.Klein-Rogge's intense look led him to similar roles such as a tyrant in Fritz Wendhausen's Der steinerne Reiter, a pirate in Arthur Robison's Pietro der Korsar, and the Czar in Alexandre Volkoff's Casanova. Klein-Rogge's last film with Lang was The Testament of Dr. Mabuse in 1933. Klein-Rogge played the lead roles in two films written and directed by von Harbou: Elisabeth und der Narr and Hanneles Himmelfahrt. Klein-Rogge remarried twice, first to Margarete Neff, and lastly with the Swedish actress Mary Johnson in 1932, to whom he remained married until his death in 1955. Rotwang / The Inventor
The Gypsy Baron (1927) - Mehmed Ali
Der Herr der Nacht (1927) - Eugen Lascano
The Queen Was in the Parlour (1927) - General Kish
The Loves of Casanova (1927) - Le Tsar Peter III
Tingel Tangel (1927) - Don Fabio Coridon
Die raffinierteste Frau Berlins (1927) - William Pitts alias Francis Forest
The Girl from Frisco (1927)
Die Sandgräfin (1928)
Spies (1928) - Haghi
Mädchenschicksale (1928) - Lormand
Volga Volga (1928) - Kosak Hadschi-Ali
The Most Beautiful Woman in Paris (1928)
La faute de Monique (1928)
Eine Nacht in Yoshiwara (1928)
Tu


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<mask> is an American agricultural historian, academic and author. He is a Professor of History at Purdue University. <mask> is known for his research on the Great Plains, Civil War, Native Americans, technology, and the American South, West, and Midwest, as well as the Green Revolution. His work places the economic and political aspects of agricultural history in an environmental and social context. <mask> is the author of numerous books including ’’The Ohio Frontier: Crucible of the Old Northwest, 1720-1830’’, ’'The Great Plains during World War II’’, The Big Empty:  The Great Plains in the Twentieth Century, Agriculture and the Confederacy:  Policy, Productivity, and Power in the Civil War South, Food, Agriculture during the Civil War, and The Green Revolution: Science, Politics, and Unintended Consequences, among others. <mask> has served as the President of Agricultural History Society and as a Big XII Faculty Fellow. <mask> has also served on award committees for Ohio Valley History and the Indiana Historical Society.<mask> has served as the editor of the Missouri Historical Review, Ohio History, Agricultural History, and The Henry A. Wallace Series on Agricultural History and Rural Life. Education
<mask> studied at Fort Hays State University and received his Bachelors and Master's degree in 1969 and 1971, respectively. He then earned his Doctoral degree from Kansas State University in 1975. He has been a Smithsonian Postdoctoral-Fellow in the History of Science and Technology, 1976-1977. Career
Following his post-doctoral fellowship, <mask> held the position of a visiting assistant professor at Texas Tech University, 1977-1978. He then held concurrent appointments as a Curator of Agricultural History at the Ohio Historical Society and as an adjunct Associate Professor of History at the Ohio State University. From 1986 till 1989, he was the associate director of the State Historical Society of Missouri.He then joined Iowa State University as an Associate Professor in 1989 and was promoted to Professor in 1992. In 2003, <mask>

masks:
Ray Douglas Hurt
Hurt
Hurt
Hurt
Hurt
Hurt
Hurt
Hurt
Hurt


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 left Iowa State University to become professor and head of the Department of History at Purdue University. He remained head of the Department until 2018. Research
<mask>'s research is focused on the Great Plains, Civil War, Native Americans, technology, and the American South, West, and Midwest, along with the Green Revolution. He has worked on placing the economic and political aspects of agricultural history in an environmental and social context. He also published a paper on the various possibilities and pitfalls regarding the museum studies for historians. Agricultural history of America
<mask>'s work on the agricultural and rural history of America resulted in a book titled American Agriculture: A Brief History which focused on the major economic, technological and scientific developments regarding American agriculture from the colonial period.<mask> also has analyzed various contributions and studies conducted on American agricultural history and reviewed the discipline of American agricultural history in scholarly publications. Agriculture and Slavery in Missouri's Little Dixie
In 1992, <mask> published his book titled, Agriculture and Slavery in Missouri's Little Dixie, for which he received the Theodore Saloutos Award by the Agricultural History Society, and the Missouri History Book Award by the State Historical Society of Missouri. The book was reviewed as “a welcome addition to the literature”. According to D. Clayton Brown, “students of agricultural history and antebellum history should know this book”. This  book has been  reviewed as “a solidly researched, informed account that fills a vacant niche in the historical literature”. In a review, David E. Schob stated that the book “may well be the best volume published in agricultural history in 1992”. The Ohio Frontier: Crucible of the Old Northwest, 1720-1830
<mask> published his book The Ohio Frontier: Crucible of the Old Northwest, 1720-1830 in 1996.The book gathered numerous reviews including a review by E. J. Fabyan, stating that “finally, after nearly twenty-five

masks: Hurt Hurt Hurt Hurt Hurt


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 years, a high quality general history of the frontier period of the state of Ohio is now available”. The book is “a dynamic account of the Ohio frontier that should delight both trans-Appalachian frontier scholars and interested amateurs”. In another review, the book was stated as “extremely readable and exciting treatments of the region during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries”. Kay J. Karr noted that “readers who are looking for such a straightforward, no-nonsense approach will appreciate his (<mask>'s) clarity.”

The Great Plains during World War II
<mask>'s book, ‘’The Great Plains during World War II’’ received the Kansas City Star Noteworthy Book Award and the Choice Outstanding Academic Title in 2008. The book is reviewed as “a thorough analysis of the period from the war's beginning to its conclusion”. According to Greg Hall, “his best chapters are those that distinguish the Great Plains experience from that of the rest of the country”. Michael W. Schuyler reviewed that “This is an outstanding book that will be of interest not only to professional historians but also to general readers with an interest in the history and development of the Great Plains”, and stated that “This is history at its best—both scholarly and fascinating reading—and is indispensable for our understanding of the Great Plains experience during the Second World War”.Agriculture and the Confederacy: Policy, Productivity, and Power in the Civil War South
In 2015, <mask> published Agriculture and the Confederacy: Policy, Productivity, and Power in the Civil War South. According to David K. Thomson, <mask>'s “focus on an environmental history of the war with a decided fusion with the history of capitalism” sets apart his work from other authors. Louis Ferleger stated the book as “<mask>'s brilliant analysis” in which he “meticulously examines the pattern of southern agriculture and its impact on southern society”. <mask>'s book is also reviewed as “a well-reasoned narrative” and “the first comprehensive study of Confederate agriculture in fifty

masks: Hurt Hurt Hurt Hurt Hurt Hurt


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 years”, along with “an impressive, and at times dizzying, assessment of all things Confederate agriculture”. In a review, Michael Todd Landis stated that “Agriculture and the Confederacy is truly a comprehensive book, and <mask> should be applauded for both the depth of his research and his easy narrative style”. Bibliography

Selected books
The Dust Bowl:  An Agricultural and Social History (1981)
Indian Agriculture in America: Prehistory to the Present (1988)
Agriculture and Slavery in Missouri's Little Dixie (1992)
The Ohio Frontier: Crucible of the Old Northwest, 1720-1830 (1996)
Nathan Boone and the American Frontier (1998)
The Indian Frontier, 1763-1846 (2002)
American Agriculture:  A Brief History, rev. ed.(2002)
The Great Plains during World War II (2008)
The Big Empty:  The Great Plains in the Twentieth Century (2011)
Agriculture and the Confederacy: Policy, Productivity, and Power in the Civil War South (Civil War America) (2015)
Food and Agriculture during the Civil War (2016)
Documents of the Dust Bowl: Eyewitness to History (2019)
The Green Revolution in the Global South: Science, Politics, and Unintended Consequences (NEXUS) (2020)

Selected articles
<mask>, R. D. (2004). "Reflections on American Agricultural History." Agricultural History Review, 1-19. <mask>, R. D. (2004). "The Agricultural and Rural History of Kansas: Review Essay." Kansas History: A Journal of the Central Plains, 27, 194-217. <mask>, R. D. (2008)."Agricultural Politics in the Twentieth-Century West," in The Political Culture of the New West, 51-73. <mask>, R. D. (2013). "The Agricultural Power of the Midwest during the Civil War," in Union Heartland:  The Midwestern Home Front during the Civil War, 68-96. <mask>, R. D. (2016). "Teaching Agricultural History at Land-Grant Universities," in Service as Mandate:  How American Land-Grant Universities Shaped the Modern World, 1920-2015, 314-30. References

Living people
1946 births
Historians of agriculture
Purdue University faculty
Fort Hays State University alumni
Kansas State University


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<mask> (22 February 1920 – 4 March 1995), often mononymously credited as <mask>, was an Indian actor who mainly worked in Hindi cinema. He is especially known for his roles as a police officer. Career
<mask> was born in Jalandhar and was the eldest among four brothers and a sister. After completing his matriculation, <mask> did a diploma course in painting from Lucknow College Of Arts. <mask> had a passion for singing and was impressed with the famous singer Kundanlal Sehgal. In his 20s, <mask> travelled to Calcutta for an audition conducted by the music composer Kamal Dasgupta, who was then serving for HMV. Dasgupta was so impressed by <mask>'s personality that he recommended his name to M. P. Productions as an actor.<mask> made his debut in the 1944 film Taqraar, which was made under the banner of Art Films-Kolkata. Many of <mask>'s close relatives, including his parents and siblings, migrated to Pakistan during the partition. He would have preferred to stay in India, but rioting forced him to leave Calcutta. Along with his wife and daughters, he moved to Bombay, where they struggled to make ends meet. <mask> had been introduced to actor Ashok Kumar during his time in Calcutta and contacted him in Bombay, gaining a role in the Bombay Talkies movie Muqaddar (1950). <mask> acted in over 400 films in a career that spanned from the 1940s through to the early 1990s. His brother, Imtiaz Ahmed, was a famous TV character actor of PTV, especially Afshan and Tanhaiyan .Like many of the older character actors who populated the Bollywood universe of the 1960s and 1970s, <mask> had been a lead actor in his youth during the "golden age" of Bollywood, in the 1940s and 1950s. His roles ranged from father, uncle, great-uncle, grandfather, police officer, police commissioner, courtroom judge and doctor. He also did negative roles

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Sayedna Iftekhar Ahmed Sharif
Iftekhar
Iftekhar
Iftekhar
Iftekhar
Iftekhar
Iftekhar
Iftekhar
Iftekhar
Iftekhar
Iftekhar
Iftekhar


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 in Bandini, Sawan Bhadon, Khel Khel Mein and Agent Vinod. In the 1960s and 1970s, <mask> graduated to playing uncle, father, and what came to be his speciality: police inspector roles, doctor or senior advocate. Generally he played "sympathetic" characters but, on occasion, he played the heavy. One of his most memorable roles as a heavy was as Amitabh Bachchan's corrupt industrialist mentor in Yash Chopra's classic Deewaar (1975). Another of <mask>'s classic roles was as the police inspector in Prakash Mehra's Zanjeer.It was a small part, but the scene where <mask> reprimands the near-hysteric Amitabh Bachchan for taking the law into his own hands is incredibly powerful. Another important role as a police officer was played by him in the 1978 hit film Don. Some of his major roles came in Rajesh Khanna films such as Joroo Ka Ghulam, Mehboob Ki Mehndi, The Train , Khamoshi, Safar, Raja Rani, Ittefaq, Rajput and Awam. Besides Deewaar and Zanjeer, Iftekar had character roles in many of the classics of 1960s, 1970s, 1980s Bollywood cinema: Bimal Roy's Bandini, Raj Kapoor's Sangam, Manoj Kumar's Shaheed, Teesri Manzil, Teesri Kasam, Johny Mera Naam, Hare Rama Hare Krishna, Don, The Gambler (1971 film), Ankhiyon Ke Jharokhon Se (1978) and Sholay, to name but a few. Apart from Hindi films, he appeared in two episodes of the American TV series Maya in 1967 as well the English language films Bombay Talkie (1970) and City of Joy (1992). Personal life
<mask> married Hannah Joseph, a Jewish lady from Calcutta, who changed her religion and name to Rehana Ahmed. They had two daughters; Salma and Sayeda.Daughter Sayeda died of cancer on 7 February 1995. Gokhale
 Ghungroo Ki Awaaz (1981) - Dr. Dixit
 Raksha (1981) - Head of the Secret Service
 Raaz (1981) - Mr. Sharma
 Laparwah (1981) - Inspector
 Saath Saath (1982) - Mr. Gupta

masks: Iftekhar Iftekhar Iftekhar Iftekhar


texts:
 Yeh Vaada Raha (1982) - Dr. Sahni
 Rajput (1982) - Ram Avtaar Singh
 Sun Sajna (1982) - Karim
 Nikaah (1982) - Jumman Chacha
 Bezubaan (1982) - Amarnath (Kalpana's Father)
 Dulha Bikta Hai (1982) - Seth Daulatrai walia
 Dil Hi Dil Mein (1982) - Mr. Sahni
 Dard Ka Rishta (1982) - Head - Tata hospital
 Apradhi Kaun ? (1982) - Mr. Khanna (Public Prosecutor)
 Mangal Pandey (1983) - Police Superintendent R.P. Gupta (uncredited)
 Ganga Meri Maa (1983)
 Rachana (1983) - Doctor
 Sun Meri Laila (1983) - Abid Khan
 Mahaan (1983) - Police Commissioner (uncredited)
 Jaane Jaan (1983) - Mr. Kapoor
 Sadma (1983) - Train Passenger
 Mazdoor (1983) - Kundanlal Batra
 Qayamat (1983) - Retired Judge Sinha
 Mawaali (1983) - Public Prosecutor
 Rishta Kagaz Ka (1983) - Bhatnagar
 Main Awara Hoon (1983) - Dr. Rashid
 Haadsa (1983) - Police Inspector
 Dharti Aakash (1983, TV Movie) - Saddanand Chowdhury
 Prarthana (1984)
 The Far Pavilions (1984, TV Mini-Series) - Nakshaband Khan (as Iftekhar)
 Inquilaab (1984) - Bombay Police Commissioner
 Mashaal (1984) - Doctor
 Boxer (1984) - Rushie
Hanste Khelte (1984)-Lawyer Shanti Prasad Goel
 Maqsad (1984) - Doctor
 Ram Tera Desh (1984) - Police Commissioner
 Dharm Aur Qanoon (1984) - Dr. John
 Phulwari (1984) - Chowdhury
 Aaj Ki Awaaz (1984) - Judge V.V. Deshmukh
 Jagir (1984) - I.G. Praveen Singh
 Awaaz (1984) - Police Commissioner
 Yeh Ishq Nahin Aasaan (1984) - Akhtar Mirza
 Yaadon Ki Zanjeer (1984) - CBI Officer
 Mujhe Shakti Do (1984) - Jyoti's father - police commissioner
 Kanoon Kya Karega (1984) - Police Commissioner Samant
 Grahasthi (1984) - Karim
 Aaj Ka Daur (1985) - Wealthy Man
 Kabhi Ajnabi The (1985) - Pappa
 Tawaif (1985) - Lala Fakirchand
 Hum Dono (1985) - Seth. Male actors in Hindi cinema
Indian male film actors
1995 deaths
Indian Muslims
1920 births
20th-century Indian male


texts:
<mask> (; ; born March 5, 1934) is an Israeli-American psychologist and economist notable for his work on the psychology of judgment and decision-making, as well as behavioral economics, for which he was awarded the 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (shared with Vernon L. Smith). His empirical findings challenge the assumption of human rationality prevailing in modern economic theory. With Amos Tversky and others, <mask> established a cognitive basis for common human errors that arise from heuristics and biases, and developed prospect theory. In 2011, he was named by Foreign Policy magazine in its list of top global thinkers. In the same year, his book Thinking, Fast and Slow, which summarizes much of his research, was published and became a best seller. In 2015, The Economist listed him as the seventh most influential economist in the world. He is professor emeritus of psychology and public affairs at Princeton University's Princeton School of Public and International Affairs.<mask> is a founding partner of TGG Group, a business and philanthropy consulting company. He was married to cognitive psychologist and Royal Society Fellow Anne Treisman, who died in 2018. Early life
<mask> was born in Tel Aviv, Mandatory Palestine, in 1934, where his mother, Rachel, was visiting relatives. He spent his childhood years in Paris, France, where his parents had emigrated from Lithuania in the early 1920s. <mask> and his family were in Paris when it was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1940. His father, Efrayim, was picked up in the first major round-up of French Jews, but he was released after six weeks due to the intervention of his employer, La Cagoule backer Eugène Schueller. The family was on the run for the remainder of the war, and survived, except for the death of <mask>'s father due to diabetes in 1944.<mask> and his family then moved to British Mandatory Palestine in 1948, just before the creation of the state of Israel. <mask> has written of his

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Daniel Kahneman
Kahneman
Kahneman
Daniel Kahneman
Kahneman
Kahneman
Kahneman
Kahneman


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 experience in Nazi-occupied France, explaining in part why he entered the field of psychology:

Education and early career
<mask> received his Bachelor of Science degree with a major in psychology, and a minor in mathematics from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1954. He served in the psychology department of the Israeli Defense Forces. One of his responsibilities was to evaluate candidates for officer's training school, and to develop tests and measures for this purpose. In 1958, he went to the United States to study for his PhD in Psychology from the University of California, Berkeley. His 1961 dissertation, advised by Susan Ervin, examined relations between adjectives in the semantic differential and allowed him to "engage in two of [his] favorite pursuits: the analysis of complex correlational structures and FORTRAN programming." Academic career

Cognitive psychology
<mask> began his academic career as a lecturer in psychology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1961.He was promoted to senior lecturer in 1966. His early work focused on visual perception and attention. For example, his first publication in the prestigious journal Science was entitled "Pupil Diameter and Load on Memory" (Kahneman & Beatty, 1966). During this period, <mask> was a visiting scientist at the University of Michigan (1965–66) and the Applied Psychology Research Unit in Cambridge (1968/1969, summers). He was a fellow at the Center for Cognitive Studies, and a lecturer in cognitive psychology at Harvard University in 1966/1967. Judgment and decision-making
This period marks the beginning of <mask>'s lengthy collaboration with Amos Tversky. Together, <mask> and Tversky published a series of seminal articles in the general field of judgment and decision-making, culminating in the publication of their prospect theory in 1979 (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979).Following this, the pair teamed with Paul Slovic to edit a compilation entitled "Judgement Under Uncertainty: Heuristics

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 and Biases" (1982) that proved to be an important summary of their work and of other recent advances that had influenced their thinking. <mask> was ultimately awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 2002 for his work on prospect theory. In his Nobel biography, <mask> states that his collaboration with Tversky began after <mask> had invited Tversky to give a guest lecture to one of <mask>'s seminars at Hebrew University in 1968 or 1969. Their first jointly written paper, "Belief in the Law of Small Numbers," was published in 1971 (Tversky & Kahneman, 1971). They published seven articles in peer-reviewed journals in the years 1971–1979. Aside from "Prospect Theory," the most important of these articles was "Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases" (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974), which was published in the prestigious journal Science and introduced the notion of anchoring. <mask> left Hebrew University in 1978 to take a position at the University of British Columbia.In 2021, <mask> and co-authors Olivier Sibony and Cass Sunstein contributed to the field with work on unwanted variability in human judgments of the same problem, what they term 'noise'. In Noise: A Flaw in Human Judgment, they write that due to factors such as cognitive biases, group dynamics, mood, stress, fatigue, and differences in skill and tase between assessors/decision makers/judges, judgments that should ideally be identical in fact often differ a lot. This gives rise to injustices, hazards and costs of various types. Furthermore, it does so in a way that is distinct from statistical bias and which is affected by cognitive biases but not limited to their influence. In the book, which received much press, they explain what noise is, how it can be detected and how it can be reduced – which can also reduce bias. Behavioral economics
<mask> and Tversky were both fellows at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University in the academic year

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 1977–1978. A young economist named Richard Thaler was a visiting professor at the Stanford branch of the National Bureau of Economic Research during that same year.According to <mask>, "[Thaler and I] soon became friends, and have ever since had a considerable influence on each other's thinking." Building on prospect theory and <mask> and Tversky's body of work, Thaler published "Toward a Positive Theory of Consumer Choice" in 1980, a paper which <mask> has called "the founding text of behavioral economics." <mask> and Tversky became heavily involved in the development of this new approach to economic theory, and their involvement in this movement had the effect of reducing the intensity and exclusivity of their earlier period of joint collaboration. According to <mask> the collaboration 'tapered off' in the early 1980s, although they tried to revive it. Factors included Tversky receiving most of the external credit for the output of the partnership, and a reduction in the generosity with which Tversky and <mask> interacted with each other. They would continue to publish together until the end of Tversky's life, but the period when <mask> published almost exclusively with Tversky ended in 1983, when he published two papers with Anne Treisman, his wife since 1978. Hedonic psychology
In the 1990s, <mask>'s research focus began to gradually shift in emphasis towards hedonic psychology.According to <mask> and colleagues,
Hedonic psychology...is the study of what makes experiences and life pleasant or unpleasant. It is concerned with feelings of pleasure and pain, of interest and boredom, of joy and sorrow, and of satisfaction and dissatisfaction. It is also concerned with the whole range of circumstances, from the biological to the societal, that occasion suffering and enjoyment. (This subfield is closely related to the positive psychology movement, which was steadily gaining in popularity at the time.) It is difficult to determine precisely when <mask>'s

masks: Kahneman Kahneman Kahneman Kahneman Kahneman Kahneman Kahneman Kahneman Kahneman Kahneman


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 research began to focus on hedonics, although it likely stemmed from his work on the economic notion of utility. After publishing multiple articles and chapters in all but one of the years spanning the period 1979–1986 (for a total of 23 published works in 8 years), <mask> published exactly one chapter during the years 1987–1989. After this hiatus, articles on utility and the psychology of utility began to appear (e.g., Kahneman & Snell, 1990; Kahneman & Thaler, 1991; Kahneman & Varey, 1991).In 1992, Varey and Kahneman introduced the method of evaluating moments and episodes as a way to capture "experiences extended across time". While <mask> continued to study decision-making (e.g., Kahneman, 1992, 1994; Kahneman & Lovallo, 1993), hedonic psychology was the focus of an increasing number of publications (e.g., Fredrickson & Kahneman, 1993; <mask>, Fredrickson, Schreiber & Redelemeier, 1993; Kahneman, Wakker & Sarin, 1997; Redelmeier & Kahneman, 1996), culminating in a volume co-edited with Ed Diener and Norbert Schwarz, scholars of affect and well-being. Focusing illusion
With David Schkade, <mask> developed the notion of the focusing illusion (Kahneman & Schkade, 1998; <mask>, Krueger, Schkade, Schwarz & Stone, 2006) to explain in part the mistakes people make when estimating the effects of different scenarios on their future happiness (also known as affective forecasting, which has been studied extensively by <mask>). The "illusion" occurs when people consider the impact of one specific factor on their overall happiness, they tend to greatly exaggerate the importance of that factor, while overlooking the numerous other factors that would in most cases have a greater impact. A good example is provided by <mask> and Schkade's 1998 paper "Does living in California make people happy? A focusing illusion in judgments of life satisfaction". In that paper, students in the Midwest and in California reported similar levels of life satisfaction, but the

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Kahneman
Kahneman
Kahneman
Kahneman
Kahneman
Daniel Gilbert
Kahneman


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 Midwesterners thought their Californian peers would be happier.The only distinguishing information the Midwestern students had when making these judgments was the fact that their hypothetical peers lived in California. Thus, they "focused" on this distinction, thereby overestimating the effect of the weather in California on its residents' satisfaction with life. Peak–end rule and remembered pleasure
One of the cognitive biases in hedonic psychology discovered by <mask> is called the peak–end rule. It affects how we remember the pleasantness or unpleasantness of experiences. It states that our overall impression of past events is determined for the most part not by the total pleasure and suffering it contained but by how it felt at its peaks and at its end. For example, the memory of a painful colonoscopy is improved if the examination is extended by three minutes in which the scope is still inside but not moved anymore, resulting in a moderately uncomfortable sensation. This extended colonoscopy, despite involving more pain overall, is remembered less negatively due to the reduced pain at the end.This even increases the likelihood for the patient to return for subsequent procedures. <mask> explains this distortion in terms of the difference between two selves: the experiencing self, which is aware of pleasure and pain as they are happening, and the remembering self, which shows the aggregate pleasure and pain over an extended period of time. The distortions due to the peak–end rule happen on the level of the remembering self. Our tendency to rely on the remembering self can often lead us to pursue courses of action that are not in our best self-interest. Happiness and life satisfaction
<mask> has defined happiness as "what I experience here and now", but said that in reality humans pursue life satisfaction, which "is connected to a large degree to social yardsticks–achieving goals, meeting expectations." Teaching
<mask> is a senior scholar and faculty

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 member emeritus at Princeton University's Department of Psychology and Princeton School of Public and International Affairs. He is also a fellow at Hebrew University and a Gallup Senior Scientist.Personal life
<mask>'s first wife was Irah <mask>, an Israeli educational psychologist, with whom he had two children. His son has schizophrenia, and his daughter works in technology. His second wife was the cognitive psychologist Anne Treisman, from 1978 until her death in 2018. As of 2014, they lived part-time in Berkeley, California. As of 2021, he lives with Barbara Tversky, the widow of his long-time collaborator Amos Tversky. In 2015 <mask> described himself as a very hard worker, as "a worrier" and "not a jolly person". But, despite this, he said, "I'm quite capable of great enjoyment, and I've had a great life."Awards and recognition
 In 2001, he was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences
 In 2002, <mask> received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, despite being a research psychologist, for his work in prospect theory. <mask> states he has never taken a single economics course – that everything that he knows of the subject he and Tversky learned from their collaborators Richard Thaler and Jack Knetsch. <mask>, co-recipient with Tversky, earned the 2003 University of Louisville Grawemeyer Award for Psychology. In 2005, he was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society. In 2007, he was presented with the American Psychological Association's Award for Outstanding Lifetime Contributions to Psychology. On November 6, 2009, he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the department of Economics at Erasmus University in Rotterdam, Netherlands. In his acceptance speech <mask> said, "when you live long enough, you see the impossible become reality."He was referring to the fact that he would never have expected to be honored as an economist when he started his studies into what would become Behavioral Economics. In both 2011 and


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 2012, he made the Bloomberg 50 most influential people in global finance. On November 9, 2011, he was awarded the Talcott Parsons Prize by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. His book Thinking, Fast and Slow was the winner of the 2011 Los Angeles Times Book Award for Current Interest and the National Academy of Sciences Communication Award for the best book published in 2011. In 2012 he was accepted as corresponding academician at the Real Academia Española (Economic and Financial Sciences). On August 8, 2013, President Barack Obama announced that <mask> would be a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom. On June 1, 2015, he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the Faculty of Arts at McGill University in Montreal.December 2018, <mask> was named a Gold Medal Honoree by The National Institute of Social Sciences. In 2019, <mask> received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement. Notable contributions

 Anchoring and adjustment
 Attribute substitution
 Availability heuristic
 Base rate fallacy
 Cognitive bias
 Conjunction fallacy
 Dictator game
 Framing (social sciences)
 Loss aversion
 Optimism bias
 Peak–end rule
 Planning fallacy
 Prospect theory
 Cumulative prospect theory
 Reference class forecasting
 Representativeness heuristic
 Simulation heuristic
 Status quo bias

Books

  (Reviewed by Freeman Dyson in New York Review of Books, 22 December 2011, pp. 40–44.) Interviews
 "Can We Trust Our Intuitions?" in Alex Voorhoeve Conversations on Ethics. Oxford University Press, 2009.(Discusses <mask>'s views about the reliability of moral intuitions [case judgments] and the relevance of his work for the search for "reflective equilibrium" in moral philosophy.) Radio interviews
 All in the Mind, ABC, Australia (2003)
 All in the Mind, BBC, Great Britain (2011)

Online interviews
 Thinking about Thinking – An Interview with <mask> (2011)
 Conversation with Tyler – <mask> on Cutting Through the Noise (2018)
 The

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Daniel Kahneman
Kahneman
Kahneman
Kahneman
Daniel Kahneman
Daniel Kahneman


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 Knowledge Project Podcast – <mask>: Putting Your Intuition on Ice (2019)
 Lex Fridman Podcast #65 – <mask>: Thinking Fast and Slow, Deep Learning, and AI (2020)
The Jordan Harbinger Show #518 - <mask>: When Noise Destroys Our Best of Choices (2021)

Television interviews
 How You Really Make Decisions – Horizon (BBC TV series) – Series 2013–2014 No. 9

See also
 Fooled by Randomness
 List of economists
 List of Israeli Nobel laureates
 List of Jewish Nobel laureates
 List of Nobel laureates in Economics

References

Further reading

External links

  (at Princeton)

  including the Nobel Lecture Maps of Bounded Rationality

1934 births
Living people
Nobel laureates in Economics
Israeli Nobel laureates
American people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent
American psychologists
Behavioral economists
Cognitive scientists
21st-century psychologists
20th-century psychologists
21st-century economists
20th-century economists
Distinguished Fellows of the American Economic Association
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Members of the American Philosophical Society
Fellows of the Econometric Society
Fellows of the Society of Experimental Psychologists
Financial economists
Framing theorists
20th-century French Jews
Harvard Fellows
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
Hebrew University of Jerusalem faculty
French emigrants to Mandatory Palestine
Israeli economists
Israeli emigrants to the United States
Israeli people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent
Israeli scientists
Jewish American scientists
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
People from Tel Aviv
Positive psychologists
Princeton University faculty
University of British Columbia faculty
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of Michigan faculty
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Fellows of the Cognitive Science Society
Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences fellows
Russell Sage Foundation
Nancy L. Schwartz Memorial Lecture

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Daniel Kahneman
Daniel Kahneman
Daniel Kahneman


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<mask>-<mask> (21 February 1923 – 5 June 2004) was a German general in the Bundeswehr. During World War II, he served as a fighter pilot in the Luftwaffe. A fighter ace, Obleser was credited with 120 aerial victories and was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, the highest award in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II. For his post-war service in the German Air Force, he received the Grand Cross with Star of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. Early life and career
<mask> was born on 21 February 1923 in Pottenstein in the district of Baden in Lower Austria in Austria. In 1940, he volunteered for military service in the Luftwaffe. Following flight training, Obleser was assigned to 8.Staffel (8th squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing), a squadron of III. Gruppe of JG 52. World War II
World War II in Europe had begun on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. In January 1943, Obleser arrived with 8. Staffel under command of Hauptmann Günther Rall at the Gigant airfield which was located in the vicinity of Salsk. At the time, the Red Army had launched Operation Koltso, the final phase of the Battle of Stalingrad. Rall made Obleser his wingman and also appointed him as technical officer of the Staffel, a position which was responsible for the overall readiness of the equipment and aircraft.<mask> flew his first combat mission on 12 January 1943 on the Eastern Front. There, he claimed his first aerial victory on 28 March over a

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Friedrich
Erich Obleser
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 Bell P-39 Airacobra. On 28 May 1943, <mask> was wounded when his Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-4 (Werknummer 19284—factory number) was hit by anti-aircraft artillery resulting in a forced landing at Varenikovskaya. Following his convalescence, he was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 8. Staffel of JG 52 on 6 July 1943, succeeding Rall who took command of III. Gruppe. Obleser at one point questioned the aerial claims made by Erich Hartmann.Hartmann asked Rall to have <mask> transferred to be Hartmann's wingman for a while. <mask> became a witness on some of Hartmann's claims and no longer questioned Hartmann's claims. On 21 July 1944, <mask> was credited with his 100th aerial victory. He was the 87th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark. On 12 December, III. Gruppe moved to an airfield at Zagórze, located  west of Kraków. The Gruppe flew relatively few missions at the time.Obleser toyed around with a Panzerfaust, a recoil-less anti-tank weapon, in an attempt to increase its firing range. On 30 December, Obleser was severely wounded when a Panzerfaust exploded in his hand. He did not see any further action before the end of the war in May 1945. He was temporarily replaced by Leutnant Karl Gratz until Leutnant Viktor Petermann officially succeeded Obleser on 7 January 1945 as commander of 10. Staffel. Later life
After Obleser was released from US captivity, he worked as a commissioner of a recycling company, which predominantly had to dismantle and dispose of bomber aircraft. He then became head of an industrial

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 application department in the private industry.In 1956, <mask> continued his military career, joining the German Air Force of West Germany as a Hauptmann. Following multiple assignments to various fighter units, <mask> was appointed wing commander of Jagdgeschwader 72 in Leck, later known as Jagdbombergeschwader 43, and then commander of Jagdbombergeschwader 31 "Boelcke". <mask> then held the position of system officer for the multirole combat aircraft (MRCA) within the German Air Staff. He then was appointed general manager of the NATO MRCA Management Agency. <mask> then served as chief of the Air Force Office () and commanding general of the Air Force Support Command (). From 1 October 1978 until his retirement on 31 March 1983, he held the position of Inspector of the Air Force in the Bundeswehr, achieving the rank of Generalleutnant. In June 1981, the Federal Minister of Defence Hans Apel threatened Obleser with early retirement following Obleser's report to the Defense Committee of the German Bundestag ().Obleser had stated that, due to the latest defense budget cut, the German Air Force could only partially fulfill its obligations. Apel had viewed Obleser's statement as lack of loyalty towards his superiors. Earlier in March 1981, although skeptical of the proposal, Obleser had approved two budget cuts suggested by Inspector General of the Bundeswehr Jürgen Brandt. Obleser died of natural causes on 5 June 2004 in Neunkirchen-Seelscheid, at 81 years of age. Summary of career

Aerial victory claims
Matthews and Foreman,


texts:
 authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and state that Obleser was credited with 112 aerial victories, all of which claimed on the Eastern Front. In addition to these claims, Obleser claimed nine undocumented aerial victories over United States Army Air Forces aircraft, two heavy bombers and seven fighter aircraft. Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 34 Ost 86724".The Luftwaffe grid map () covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about . These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 × 4 km in size. Awards
 German Cross in Gold on 14 November 1943 as Leutnant in the III./Jagdgeschwader 52
 Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 23 March 1944 as Leutnant and Staffelführer of the 8./Jagdgeschwader 52
 Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
 Officer's Cross (April 1973)
 Commanders Cross (26 September 1979)
 Grand Cross with Star (4 March 1983)

Notes

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links

1923 births
2004 deaths
Luftwaffe pilots
German World War II flying aces
German Air Force pilots
Bundeswehr generals
Recipients of the Gold German Cross
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United States
Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Lieutenant generals of the