texts: swirl about a possible <mask> candidacy that year. Congressman <mask>, <mask>'s brother, told local media that he thought his brother would likely run for governor.Denver Mayor John Hickenlooper indicated that while he was considering a run himself, he would "do everything [he could] to help him get elected." Both the Secretary's brother, John, and the Obama Administration urged him to run for Governor, but he ultimately declined and endorsed Hickenlooper's campaign. On April 28, 2010, <mask> approved Cape Wind, the first-ever commercial wind operation in public water, leading to initiation of the approval process for the first-of-its-kind Atlantic wind energy transmission line. During his time as secretary, <mask> successfully developed and implemented numerous renewable energy initiatives on public lands and helped lead the Obama Administration's "all of the above" energy strategy. Secretary <mask> prioritized the rapid, responsible development of renewable energy on America's public lands, greenlighting the development of over 11,000 megawatts of renewable energy on public lands, including approval of the first-ever solar energy projects on public lands, and creation of the first-ever roadmap for future solar energy development in the West. During <mask>'s tenure, the department also undertook new surveys to evaluate and identify innovative capacity and efficiency increases to help enhance hydropower generation at facilities of the Bureau of Reclamation, the nation's second-largest hydropower producer. He has dealt with criticism after pushing to impose tougher leasing rules and cancel a series of planned drilling operations in Alaska and elsewhere.<mask> has dealt with criticism over his handling of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, both because of the way his agency handled

masks:
Salazar
John Salazar
Salazar
Ken Salazar
Salazar
Salazar
Salazar
Salazar


type: original

texts: the permitting process for underwater drilling, and also because of the way the aftermath of the spill has been handled by the government. But <mask> also ushered in the most comprehensive offshore oil and gas safety initiatives and reforms ever in the United States, overhauling the government's antiquated and conflicted offshore oil and gas management program while approving millions of acres for oil and gas development offshore. <mask> also implemented a new five-year plan for responsible oil and gas exploration and development in America's offshore waters. In May 2010 <mask> testified to Congress that he had issued a "hit the pause button" order and that no new permits had been issued since the Deepwater Horizon explosion in the Gulf of Mexico. However, a new deepwater well had been started in the Gulf since April 20, and the Department of the Interior under <mask> had "issued permits for at least seventeen other new offshore oil projects." As Secretary of the Interior, <mask> was the designated survivor for the 2011 State of the Union Address. <mask> created new partnerships between the Department of the Interior and American mayors and governors to create and revitalize a new generation of urban parks in cities such as New York City, Denver, Chicago and St. Louis.As secretary, the department also created seven new national parks, including Pinnacles National Park in California, and 10 new national monuments. In May 2012, <mask> spoke at the commencement ceremony for the 2012 class at the University of Massachusetts Lowell. In November 2012, asked a question he did not like by a reporter for The Gazette regarding <mask>'s association with hauler who shipped wild horses to slaughter plants, <mask> told the reporter, "If you do that to me again, I'll punch you out". <mask> later

masks: Salazar Salazar Salazar Salazar Salazar Salazar Salazar Salazar Salazar Salazar


texts:
 apologized. In January 2013 <mask> announced that he would be resigning as Secretary of the Interior. His replacement, Sally Jewell, was nominated on February 6, 2013, approved by the Senate on April 10, 2013, and sworn in on April 12, 2013. Clinton transition team
On August 16, 2016, Hillary for America chairman John Podesta announced that Secretary Clinton had chosen <mask> to head her transition team in order to prepare for an orderly transition should she be elected as the 45th President of the United States.On November 8, 2016, Donald Trump defeated Hillary Clinton in the election for President of the United States, and thus <mask> was not granted the opportunity to head the White House transition team. Biden administration

On June 15, 2021, President Joe Biden nominated <mask> to be the next US Ambassador to Mexico. The Senate Foreign Relations Committee held hearings for his nomination on July 28, 2021. <mask>'s nomination was then reported favorably by the committee on August 4, 2021. His nomination was confirmed by the United States Senate on August 11, 2021. He was ceremoniously sworn in by Vice President Kamala Harris on September 2, 2021. On September 14, 2021, <mask> presented his credentials to President Andrés Manuel López Obrador.Electoral history

See also
 Barack Obama Supreme Court candidates
 List of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States Congress

References

External links

 Biography at the United States Department of the Interior

 Profile at SourceWatch

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1955 births
Living people
21st-century American politicians
Ambassadors of the United States to Mexico
American people of Basque descent
American politicians of Mexican descent
Colorado Attorneys General
Colorado College alumni
Colorado Democrats
Colorado lawyers
Democratic

masks:
Salazar
Salazar
Ken Salazar
Salazar
Salazar
Salazar


texts:
 Party United States senators
Hispanic and Latino American members of the Cabinet of the United States
Hispanic and Latino American members of the United States Congress
Obama administration cabinet members
People from Alamosa, Colorado
People from Manassa, Colorado
State cabinet secretaries of Colorado
University of Michigan Law School alumni
United States Secretaries of the Interior
United States senators from Colorado
Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr


texts:
<mask> (born October 10, 1972) is a television personality, best known for his appearances on the U.S. reality show, Survivor. He was the runner-up on Survivor: Samoa, and the second runner-up on Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains. He also competed on Survivor: Redemption Island and Australian Survivor: Champions vs. Contenders, where he was the second player to be eliminated both times. <mask>'s performance on Survivor was very polarising. This controversy has resulted in ongoing media attention and appearances, along with acknowledgement that his particular brand of ruthless gameplay can result in wins for those who employ it. Most have strongly criticized his strategy, naming him one of the biggest villains in Survivor history.Nevertheless, on both Survivor: Samoa and Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains, <mask> was voted by viewers the "Sprint Player of the Season", which came with a $100,000 cash prize. He is one of only eight contestants to ever make it to the finals in more than one season (the others are Rob Mariano, Amanda Kimmel, Parvati Shallow, Sandra Diaz-Twine, Tony Vlachos, Natalie Anderson, and Michele Fitzgerald). <mask> was nominated in the 2010 Teen Choice Awards for his performance on Heroes vs. Villains. In the CBS Watch "Greatest Castaways" viewers poll, <mask> came in second for "being willing to do anything to win. His villianous nature always made for great TV." After Survivor, <mask> starred alongside his older brother, Shawn, on the A&E reality documentary, Flipped Off. Survivor

Samoa
After applying to compete on Pirate Master, <mask> was called by casting two years later to appear on Survivor: Samoa.Assigned to the Foa Foa tribe, he began playing the game through lies and deceit, which included telling a false story about being a firefighter who survived Hurricane Katrina, and later burning his tribemates' socks and emptying their canteen

masks:
Russell Hantz
Hantz
Hantz
Hantz
Hantz
Hantz
Hantz


texts: water. In an interview with Andy Dehnart, Hantz explained that the idea behind this strategy was to psychologically weaken the other players in order to manipulate them. Early on, Hantz executed a successful plan to locate the hidden immunity idol before any clues were found. When the Foa Foa and Galu tribes merged, he attempted to use his idol as a bargaining chip with his new tribe mates in hopes of forming a coalition against Laura Morett. When she won the immunity challenge, the plan collapsed and word spread that <mask> possessed an idol. Unaware of anyone's real intentions, <mask> played the idol at Tribal Council, but no votes were cast against him. He later located a new idol, again without clues, and played it at the next Tribal Council, where he received seven votes, eliminating Kelly Sharbaugh (who received the other four votes).Later, Shannon "Shambo" Waters and John Fincher joined <mask>'s alliance and eliminated Morett. <mask> then arranged Fincher's elimination in the next vote. Due to the large number of Galu members on the jury, it was almost certain that Brett Clouser, Galu's last remaining member, would win the game if he won the final immunity challenge. <mask> narrowly won immunity and Clouser was eliminated by a 3-1 vote at the next Tribal Council. Ultimately, <mask> beat out fellow finalist Mick Trimming, but lost the title of Sole Survivor to his close ally, Natalie White, by a jury vote of 7–2–0, despite being "heavily favored" to win. Host Jeff Probst believed his loss resulted from bitter feelings towards him by the jurors, rather than a positive attitude towards White. <mask> complained that Natalie did not deserve the win, and insisted he did.During the results show, <mask> offered White $10,000 for the Sole Survivor title, and then increased the offer to $100,000, but she declined both times. Despite the loss, <mask> won the

masks: Hantz Hantz Hantz Hantz Hantz Hantz Hantz Hantz Hantz


texts:
 "Sprint Player of the Season" award, which included a cash prize of $100,000. Nine days prior to the Samoa live finale, Hantz registered russellgotscrewed.com where he thanked his supporters and asked them to purchase T-shirts and/or donate money to St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. Heroes vs. Villains
<mask> was invited back for Survivors 20th season, Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains, as a last-minute substitute for Survivor: Panama'''s Shane Powers, and was assigned to the Villains tribe. Since Survivor: Samoa and this season were filmed back-to-back, no other player had had an opportunity to watch <mask>’ game, although they were told by the production crew that he was considered "one of the five most notorious male villains of all time". During this season, an infamous rivalry developed between <mask> and "Boston Rob" Mariano. Early on, Mariano organized his alliance to split the vote 3–3 between <mask> and Parvati Shallow.The former then told Tyson Apostol that he also intended to eliminate her, which influenced Apostol to change his vote from <mask> to her. At Tribal Council, Hantz revealed an immunity idol and gave it to Shallow. The result was four votes for her, two votes for <mask>, and three votes for Apostol. Since Shallow's votes were negated, Apostol was eliminated. Later on, Jerri Manthey joined <mask>'s alliance with Shallow and Danielle DiLorenzo and aided in Mariano's elimination. The Heroes tribe began to blindly believe that there was an all-female alliance, headed up by Shallow, controlling the Villains tribe. James "J.T."Thomas, Jr., of the Heroes tribe, had found an immunity idol earlier, and gave it to <mask> during an immunity challenge with instructions to eliminate Shallow, but <mask> chose instead to vote out Courtney Yates. When the two tribes merged, <mask> gave his idol to Shallow, not knowing she already had an idol of her

masks: Hantz Hantz Hantz Hantz Hantz Hantz Hantz Hantz Hantz Hantz


texts:
 own. She gave the idols to Manthey and Sandra Diaz-Twine at Tribal Council. Manthey and Thomas received five votes each, but since Manthey's votes were negated, Thomas was eliminated. Later, DiLorenzo found a clue to an immunity idol on a reward and shared it with <mask> and his allies, but he ultimately discovered the idol for himself. He later showed it to Candice Woodcock in attempt to pull her into his alliance with the intention of eventually eliminating Diaz-Twine. At Tribal Council, he played the idol, but received no votes.Later, he arranged DiLorenzo's elimination in order to break up her strong alliance with Shallow. At the final immunity challenge, <mask> edged out Shallow and Manthey by a few inches. He then chose to vote out Manthey, assuming he would get her vote for the Survivor title. His game, however, was panned by the jurors, all of whom refused to vote for <mask> in the end. Diaz-Twine ultimately triumphed over him and Shallow in a 6–3–0 vote, thus winning her second Sole Survivor title. Despite his shutout loss, <mask>'s Reunion experience was similar to his last one in that he won the “Sprint Player of the Season” award and $100,000 for the second time. Redemption Island
<mask> returned for Survivor: Redemption Island, the show's 22nd season, to face off with his old rival, "Boston Rob."By a random draw, <mask> joined the Zapatera tribe, which later threw the third immunity challenge and immediately targeted him and his ally, Stephanie Valencia. Suspecting that something was up, <mask> devised a counter-strategy, but was ultimately voted out at the next Tribal Council and sent to Redemption Island. His elimination from the game was finalized upon losing the Redemption Island duel to Matt Elrod. Deeply saddened by the loss, <mask> stated that this season would be his last on Survivor, although at the reunion show he indirectly stated that

masks: Hantz Hantz Hantz Hantz Hantz Hantz Hantz Hantz


texts:
 he had changed his mind. In an interview with Entertainment Weekly, <mask> threatened legal action against his tribemates for forfeiting the immunity challenge, claiming that they had breached their Survivor contracts by doing so. He also criticized Mariano, referring to him as a "Survivor whore". Australian Survivor: Champions vs Contenders
Competing at an international level, <mask> joined the cast of Australian Survivor: Champions vs.Contenders as a member of the Champions tribe, the first season to be filmed since CBS acquired Network Ten in 2017. Enjoying initial success in the first few days, <mask> grew frustrated of the laid-back mentality from his fellow tribe-mates and began actively searching for, and locating, a Hidden Immunity Idol. Wanting to cause paranoia, <mask> announced his intention to play the hidden immunity idol at their first Tribal Council. During this time he formed allegiances with Samuel Hinton, Monika Radulovic and Damien Thomlinson. After losing the second Immunity Challenge, <mask> attempted to orchestrate a split vote between Jackie Glazier and Shane Gould but a counter-alliance led by Moana Hope forced a tie in the event <mask>' hidden immunity idol was played. At Tribal Council, <mask> did not play his hidden immunity idol leading to a revote between himself and Glazier. At the revote, Thomlinson stayed loyal to <mask> with the rest of the vote eliminating him in a unanimous decision.He finished in 23rd place. Information leaks
In 2011, <mask> was accused of violating his Survivor contract by leaking information regarding the show's results. Late in the previous year, a man named Jim Early was sued by executive producer and Survivor creator Mark Burnett's DJB Inc., for successfully spoiling Survivor: Samoa and Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains on a Survivor fansite known as Survivor Sucks. The lawsuit accused Early of


texts:
 "misappropriation of trade secrets” and "tortious interference with contract." The charges were dropped on January 13, 2011, after Early provided to an attorney an email, which allegedly confirmed <mask> as source of the spoilers. Early claims that he had originally made contact with <mask> via telephone to warn him that someone had posted his private information online, but that Hantz had recontacted him later and begun revealing accurate information about the show's outcome, which Early posted to the fansite. Thus far, no legal action has been taken against <mask>, although contestants who reveal information regarding a season's results may face liquidated damages of $5 million.In an interview with USA Today, <mask> denied the accusations, commenting, "See, that's another thing. I am the villain, and its unfair that people perceive me that way, and they throw out things that's not fair to me or my family, and I guess I got to deal with it. I'm not sure if I'm supposed to comment on this or not, but it is 100% false." Other television appearances
On February 10, 2010, <mask> and ten other contestants from Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains made a special appearance on The Late Show with David Letterman to present the show's Top Ten List. As a promotion for Redemption Island, <mask> appeared on the cover of TV Guide Magazine for the week of February 14, 2011, alongside Rob Mariano. In 2012, <mask> was featured on Flipped Off, an A&E reality series about house flipping. The series followed <mask> and his older brother, Shawn, as they worked with a local real estate agent to flip houses in the Houston area in pursuit of profit.Taking place in the aftermath of the subprime mortgage crisis, <mask> stated that he expected "to be one of the biggest house flippers in Houston," and that he was "here to bring Houston's economy back on its feet." He later told Rob Cesternino


texts:
 that he had turned down an opportunity to host Boston Rob's Around the World in 80 Ways in order to host Flipped Off. The show consisted of seven episodes and ran from April 28 to June 16, 2012. <mask> also expressed interest in competing on The Celebrity Apprentice. Personal life
In Dayton, Texas, <mask> is a part-owner of an oil outfit known as Hantz Tankering Service with his father and brother. He also owns a bar in Lafayette, Louisiana, known as Bootleggers, and he is a native of Vinton, Louisiana. <mask> currently resides in Dayton, Texas.He and his ex-wife, Melanie, have four children, including twin girls. <mask>'s brother, Shawn, has a son named Brandon, who was a contestant on Survivor: South Pacific and later Survivor: Caramoan. <mask> also has a younger brother, Willie, who competed on Big Brother 14 before being expelled from the show due to violence. Arrest
On April 23, 2010, at 2:15 am, <mask> was arrested for battery while partying near the bar he owns in Lafayette, Louisiana. A woman was involved in a verbal argument with <mask>, during which he allegedly shoved her to the ground, causing her minor injuries. <mask> was released later that day without bail but was given a misdemeanor summons and a court date scheduled for June 24. Filmography
Television

See also
 List of TV Guide covers (2010s)

References

External links

 <mask> biography for Survivor: Samoa at CBS.com
 <mask> biography for Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains biography at CBS.com
 <mask> biography for Survivor: Redemption Island biography at CBS.com
 <mask> biography for Australian Survivor: Champions vs.Contenders'' biography at 10 Play. 1972 births
21st-century American businesspeople
American businesspeople in the oil industry
American people of Lebanese descent
Businesspeople from Texas
Living people
People from Dayton, Texas
Survivor (American TV series)

masks:
Hantz
Hantz
Hantz
Hantz
Hantz
Hantz
Hantz
Hantz
Russell Hantz
Russell Hantz
Russell Hantz
Russell Hantz


texts:
<mask> (born 25 May 1935) is an Austrian actor, and a dialogue director and script adaptor for English-language versions of foreign films and television shows. Born in Austria, Roubicek appeared in a number of small roles throughout the 1950s, '60s and '70s, including the films The Bedford Incident, Billion Dollar Brain and The Dirty Dozen. In 1967, he appeared in The Tomb of the Cybermen, a four-part Doctor Who serial. He played the part of Semenkin in The Champions (Reply Box No.666 episode, 1967). <mask> had a small role in A New Hope, the first Star Wars film, as the Imperial Commander Praji. He also appeared in two James Bond films, You Only Live Twice and The Spy Who Loved Me. Although he continued acting in small roles during his later years, his later career was more focused on dubbing foreign films and television shows into English-language versions.He directed the dubbing of 13 previously unaired episodes of the cult Japanese series Monkey, a show he previously performed voice-acting for in the late 1970s. In 2008, he adapted the French animated film Azur & Asmar: The Princes' Quest to an English-language version. Early career
In 1958, <mask> appeared in the original cast of the Agatha Christie play Verdict, where he played the role of Lester Cole, the student of a professor who has fled from prosecution in his home country. The play was first staged at the Strand Theatre in London on 22 May 1958.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Christie |first=Agatha |author-link=Agatha Christie |year=1958 |title=Verdict (script) |location=London | publisher=Samuel French Ltd. | page=4 |isbn=0-573-61931-X |title-link=Verdict (play)}}</ref> <mask>'s first film roles were

masks:
George Roubicek
Roubicek
George Roubicek
Roubicek


texts: bit parts in the late 1950s, including as a German prisoner in the 1957 British World War II film The One That Got Away, and a police constable in the 1959 murder mystery Blind Date. <mask> continued performing in small roles in a number of films in the early 1960s. Among them were a cleaning service man in the 1962 British horror film Night of the Eagle, a Russian sentry in the 1963 British war film The Victors, and the character Lieutenant Berger in the 1965 American Cold War film The Bedford Incident. In 1967, he played Private Arthur James Gardner in The Dirty Dozen, an American war film and, to that point, by far his most impressive film credit.That year, he also appeared in the British espionage film Billion Dollar Brain, where he played the small part of Edgar. <mask> also appeared in The Tomb of the Cybermen, a four-part Doctor Who serial broadcast in September 1967. He portrayed Captain Hopper, the commander of a rocket that brought an archaeological expedition to the planet Telos to study the Cybermen, a race of cyborgs. Andrew Cartmel, a science-fiction writer who served as a Doctor Who script editor in 1986–1989, strongly criticized Hopper's dialogue in his book, Through Time: An Unauthorised and Unofficial History of Doctor Who. Hopper, who is supposed to be an American, frequently uses the word "guy" and what Cartmel called "odd fake American idioms" like, "It's not exactly peaches." Although Cartmel did not address <mask>'s performance, he said the dialogue was written "in a way that suggests the English writers have never travelled across the Atlantic and have paid precious little attention to the films or books that have flowed the other

masks: Roubicek Roubicek Roubicek


texts: way". In 1976, <mask> was cast in Star Wars, where he played the small role of Praji, a commander with the Galactic Empire.He appeared early in the film, speaking with Darth Vader after the Imperial forces have seized the Rebel Alliance starship Tantive IV and captured Princess Leia. <mask>'s scene was filmed over a three-day sequence in July 1976, near the final days of principal photography. Roubicek did not anticipate at the time that Star Wars would become such a cultural phenomenon, and his first impression of the franchise was "What is this all about"? During a 2007 interview, Roubicek said, "I don't think anyone knew [what Star Wars was], except maybe <mask>, and I'm not sure he knew all the time! We certainly didn't know. I wouldn't say this was just another job – there's no such thing as just another job – but I didn't realize how special it was going to be at the time." Roubicek appeared in two separate episodes of the spy-fi television series, The Avengers, playing different characters both times.In "The White Dwarf", an episode broadcast on 9 February 1963, he played Luke Richter, the son of a prominent astronomer who was murdered shortly after discovering a star was going to collide with and destroy the Earth. <mask> also appeared in "Invasion of the Earthmen", which was first broadcast on 15 January 1969. In that episode he played Bernard Grant, a secret agent who is killed by a giant Boa constrictor while investigating a mysterious school called the Alpha Academy. In the late 1970s, Roubicek did some work on the English language dubbing of Monkey, a cult Japanese action/fantasy television series that ran from 1978 to 1980. He performed a few

masks:
Roubicek
Roubicek
George Lucas
Roubicek


texts:
 of the voice acting parts for the series and had a minor role in the technical dubbing aspects. Later career
<mask> continued some acting in his later years, including a small role in The Infiltrator, a 1995 film about a Jewish freelance journalist who travels to Germany for a story about Neo-Nazism. However, most of his later career focused on the script adaptation and dubbing of foreign films into English-language versions.In 1996, <mask> handled the English script adaptation of the 1991 comedy science-fiction film Roujin Z. The Japanese anime film by Katsuhiro Otomo focuses on an elderly invalid man and a futuristic computerized hospital bed which takes on a life of its own. In 2000, <mask> went on to voice several characters in the English version of the Croatian children's animated series Lapitch the Little Shoemaker as well directing the voices with Sean Barrett who also voices Lapitch's shoemaker Melchoir. In 2002, <mask> doubled as casting and voice director for the English version of the CGI animated series Spheriks. In 2004, <mask> was asked work again on Monkey, where he did some peripheral dubbing work in the late 1970s. He was hired as the director of the English-language dubbing for 13 previously televised episodes of Monkey, which were released on DVD that year. The episodes had been included as a bonus feature on past DVD releases, but were only subtitled and had never before been dubbed into English.<mask> was tasked with adapting the original Japanese scripts into English and directing the original cast in the dialogue for the dubbing. <mask> said both he and the cast enjoyed being brought back together for the project. However, he said

masks: Roubicek Roubicek Roubicek Roubicek Roubicek Roubicek Roubicek


texts:
 it was also particularly challenging. The recording sessions require what he calls a "horrendous" amount of concentration, but the script adaptation process proved even more difficult. <mask> has to ensure the translation was not only accurate, but preserved the humour of the original Japanese scripts. Fabulous Films Ltd., the company handling the DVD releases, originally provided <mask> only with transcripts of the English subtitles for the 13 episodes, but Roubicek disregarded them and had to start writing from scratch because, he claimed, subtitle transcripts "never, ever bear any relation to a dubbing script". In 2008, <mask> worked with filmmaker Michel Ocelot to adapt an English-language version of Ocelot's 2006 animated fantasy film, Azur & Asmar: The Princes' Quest.which boasts what The New York Times described as a "flat, storybook style worlds away from the sculpture digital aesthetic pioneered by Pixar", tells a fable-like tale of two young boys in a mythic Middle Eastern setting. The original film's dialogue was in French with small portions in Arabic. During the adaptation, <mask> and Ocelot chose to translate the French dialogue into English, but preserve the Arabic without dubbing or subtitles. Michael Phillips, film critic with the Chicago Tribune'', said this was the correct decision because it allows the viewers to share the same "momentary confusion" as characters who do not understand Arabic and are suddenly thrown into "disorienting surroundings". Filmography

References

External links

1935 births
Austrian male film actors
Austrian male television actors
Austrian male voice actors
Casting directors
Living people
Austrian voice

masks: Roubicek Roubicek Roubicek Roubicek


texts: <mask> (born February 27, 1966) is an American television writer and producer, known for his work on the animated comedy series The Simpsons. <mask> and Josh Weinstein became best friends and writing partners at St. Albans School; <mask> then attended Harvard University and was Vice President of the Harvard Lampoon. He worked on several short-term media projects, including writing for the variety show Sunday Best, but was then unemployed for a long period. <mask> and Weinstein eventually penned a spec script for Seinfeld, after which they wrote "Marge Gets a Job", an episode of The Simpsons. Subsequently, the two were hired to write for the show on a permanent basis in 1992. After they wrote episodes such as "$pringfield (Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling)", "Bart vs. Australia" and "Who Shot Mr. Burns?", the two were appointed executive producers and showrunners for the seventh and eighth seasons of the show. They attempted to include several emotional episodes focusing on the Simpson family, as well as several high-concept episodes such as "Homer's Enemy", "Two Bad Neighbors" and "The Principal and the Pauper", winning three Primetime Emmy Awards for their work. After they left The Simpsons, <mask> and Weinstein created Mission Hill. The show was plagued by promotional issues and was swiftly canceled. They worked as consulting producers on Futurama, then created The Mullets in 2003. The two wrote several unsuccessful TV pilots, and were due to serve as showrunners on Sit Down, Shut Up in 2009. <mask> left the project over a contract dispute.He has since written for The Cleveland Show

masks:
William Lloyd Oakley
Oakley
Oakley
Oakley
Oakley
Oakley


texts:
 and Portlandia, without Weinstein. He also served as co-executive producer and writer on Portlandia, sharing a Writers Guild of America Award with his fellow writers in 2013. In 2018, <mask> reunited with Weinstein as co-executive producer on Disenchantment, Matt Groening's animated series for Netflix. <mask> is married to fellow writer Rachel Pulido. Early life
William Lloyd <mask> was born on February 27, 1966 in Westminster, Maryland and raised on a farm in Union Bridge, Maryland. He was a fan of Mad magazine from an early age, which helped shape his comic sensibility. He attended St. Albans School in Washington D.C., where he met and became best friends with Josh Weinstein in the eighth grade.The two created the school humor magazine The Alban Antic in 1983. Such would be the length of their partnership; the two often finish each other's sentences. <mask> later attended Harvard University, where he wrote for and served as Vice President of the Harvard Lampoon, working on the famous 1986 USA Today parody issue. He graduated in 1988 after studying American history. <mask> did not land a job on a major comedy series, as previous Harvard graduates who wrote for the Lampoon had done, despite writing numerous spec scripts for shows such as Saturday Night Live and Late Night with David Letterman; he thus moved back home. There, he worked in publicity, doing promotion for America's Most Wanted. In their free time, <mask> and Weinstein wrote for local comedy groups, such as Gross National Product.In 1989, they moved to New York City after being hired to write for a game show on Ha!, before writing for a variety show on

masks:
Oakley
Oakley
Oakley
Oakley
Career Oakley
Oakley


texts:
 the network featuring Denis Leary. The two also wrote for the National Lampoon and Spy. An editor of Spy was hired by NBC to run the variety show Sunday Best, and took <mask> and Weinstein to Los Angeles with him in 1991. When the show was canceled after three episodes, they were unemployed for a lengthy period, and Oakley lived on unemployment benefits. He later considered applying to join the United States Foreign Service. The Simpsons

As a writer
After changing their agent, they wrote a spec script for Seinfeld, which was well received. Amongst those who liked it were Al Jean and Mike Reiss, showrunners of The Simpsons.There were no openings on the staff at the time, but <mask> and Weinstein were hired to write the episode "Marge Gets a Job", based on an idea by Conan O'Brien. The episode aired as part of season four. Their Seinfeld script and The Simpsons episode caught the attention of Diane English, and they were offered a job on a sitcom. Before they accepted this job, they were told that Jay Kogen and Wallace Wolodarsky were leaving The Simpsons, and then joined the writing staff on a permanent basis in 1992, in the third season of that show. They began as story editors. They were initially quiet and felt "intimidated", being in the same room as "10 of the greatest minds in comedy", but eventually started pitching jokes with confidence. They wrote their scripts together, working side by side at a computer.Their first episode as staff writers was "Marge in Chains", an existing idea that they were assigned. The first draft of the script was based on research about women in prison conducted by <mask> and

masks: Oakley Oakley Oakley


texts: Weinstein, making it "slightly more realistic" than the final version of the episode, in which many realistic elements were replaced. After season four, most of the original staff left the show. Before David Mirkin arrived to take over as showrunner for season five, <mask>, Weinstein, O'Brien and Dan McGrath were the only writers working on the show and spent a month mapping out most of the season's episodes. <mask> and Weinstein wrote several episodes for season five, penning the "Terror at 5½ Feet" segment of "Treehouse of Horror IV", "$pringfield (Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling)", "Lisa vs. Malibu Stacy", the show's 100th episode "Sweet Seymour Skinner's Baadasssss Song" and "Lady Bouvier's Lover". For season six they wrote "Sideshow Bob Roberts", basing much of the episode on the Watergate scandal, in which they had a great interest. They also wrote "Grampa vs.Sexual Inadequacy", and "Bart vs. Australia". The writing staff wanted to do an episode in which the Simpsons family traveled to a foreign country; they selected Australia because they thought that everyone in Australia had a good sense of humor and "would get the jokes", with the episode being intentionally inaccurate. The episode proved somewhat controversial; some Australian fans said the episode was a mockery of their country. Shortly after it had aired, the Simpsons staff received over a hundred letters from Australians who were insulted by the episode. The pair wrote the two-part episode "Who Shot Mr. Burns? ", which was initially proposed by series creator Matt Groening.While deciding who the culprit was, <mask> and


texts:
 Weinstein pitched Barney Gumble because he was a character that could go to jail and it could change the dynamic of the show. Mirkin suggested Maggie because he felt it was funnier and wanted the culprit to be a family member. <mask> and Weinstein were initially unsure about having Maggie as the culprit, and it was decided that the episode would end with Maggie shifting her eyes and making it look like it was not a complete accident. As showrunner
<mask> and Weinstein were appointed executive producers and showrunners of the seventh and eighth seasons. They were chosen partly because they had been with the show since the third season and understood many of its dynamics. The showrunner is responsible for overseeing all aspects of the show's production. Each episode takes ten months to produce, so the showrunner must "oversee many different episodes in different stages of production all at the same time", with roles including head writer, making notes on the storyboards and working with the voice actors, animators, editors and composers.<mask> and Weinstein often set two script-rewriting rooms in motion at the same time, delegating leadership in the rooms to writers such as Steve Tompkins and David Cohen. Mirkin, who had suggested that the two take over, remained on the show in an advisory capacity, helping <mask> and Weinstein with technical aspects of the show such as editing and sound mixing. When they took over the series, they wanted many of the episodes to be realistic ones that focused more on the five members of the Simpson family and explored their feelings and emotions towards each other. They wanted to

masks: Oakley Oakley Oakley Oakley


texts: produce Treehouse of Horror episodes, episodes about Sideshow Bob, Itchy & Scratchy and several "format-bending" episodes such as "22 Short Films About Springfield", for which Oakley wrote the Principal Skinner and Superintendent Chalmers scene, the latter being his favorite character. They aimed for "at least two episodes per season that 'pushed the envelope', [and] expanded the definition of what an episode could be." This was a style they employed for both seasons they produced. Season eight featured several episodes in which focus was given to secondary characters and in which new issues were explored, such as divorce.Their preferred choice of guest stars were those with unique and interesting voices, and several of their guest stars were "old grizzled men with distinctive voices" such as R. Lee Ermey, Donald Sutherland, Kirk Douglas and Lawrence Tierney. Oakley considered season three to be the single greatest comedic season of television ever produced and so attempted to recreate the feel of that season for the two he ran, focusing on stories with real emotions and situations, as well as some off-the-wall episodes. Season three was their basis for Homer: "We liked Homer the way he was in the second and third seasons. That was what we consciously used as our model. Dimwitted, loving, hyper-enthusiastic, creatively goofy, parody of the American father – drawn with real emotions, though admittedly amplified. This was exemplified in "Mother Simpson", "Lisa the Iconoclast", "Diddly-Dum-Doodly", and a couple others. In some of the less reality-based episodes, i.e.the Beer Baron one – usually Swartzwelder's, we'd


texts: treat this stricture with a certain amount of latitude." One of their most notable episodes was "Homer's Enemy", an episode designed to "push the envelope conceptually." The idea for "Homer's Enemy" was first conceived by <mask>, who thought that Homer should have an enemy. This evolved into the concept of a "real world" co-worker who would either love or hate Homer. The writers chose the latter as they thought it would have funnier results. The result was the character of Frank Grimes, a man who has had to work hard all his life with nothing to show for it and is dismayed and embittered by Homer's success and comfort in spite of his inherent laziness and ignorance. "Homer's Enemy" explores the comic possibilities of a realistic character with a strong work ethic placed alongside Homer in a work environment.In the episode, Homer is portrayed as an everyman and the embodiment of the American spirit; in some scenes, his negative characteristics and silliness are prominently highlighted. By the close of the episode, Grimes, a hard working and persevering "real American hero," is relegated to the role of antagonist; the viewer is intended to be pleased that Homer has emerged victorious. <mask> says the episode was "hyper-meta" and focused on "parodying to some degree the Homer we don't like. That's one of the things that episode is supposed to illustrate – 'Homer gone wrong'. Although, I would argue that in 'Homer's Enemy' he's not even really even all that excessively stupid or immature, actually." Weinstein said: "We wanted to do an episode where the thinking was 'What if a real life, normal person had to enter

masks: Oakley Oakley


texts: Homer's universe and deal with him?' I know this episode is controversial and divisive, but I just love it.It really feels like what would happen if a real, somewhat humorless human had to deal with Homer. There was some talk [on NoHomers.net] about the ending—we just did that because (a) it’s really funny and shocking, (2) we like the lesson of 'sometimes, you just can't win'—the whole Frank Grimes episode is a study in frustration and hence Homer has the last laugh and (3) we wanted to show that in real life, being Homer Simpson could be really dangerous and life threatening, as Frank Grimes sadly learned." When the episode was first broadcast, many fans felt it was too dark, unfunny and that Homer was portrayed as overly bad-mannered. On the DVD commentary, Weinstein considers this episode one of the most controversial of the seasons he ran, as it involves sharp observational humor which many fans "didn't get." Weinstein talks about a "generation gap"—the episode was originally panned by viewers, but has since become a favorite among fans who grew up with the show. Other episodes included "Two Bad Neighbors", which sees Homer meet former President George H. W. Bush, a reference to the show's feud with the Bushes in the early 1990s. Weinstein said that the episode is often misunderstood.Many audiences expected a political satire, while the writers made special effort to keep the parody apolitical. Oakley stresses that "it's not a political attack, it's a personal attack! ", and instead of criticizing Bush for his policies, the episode pokes fun at his "crotchetiness". <mask> described the episode as a companion


texts: piece to "Homer's Enemy", in that a character is juxtaposed alongside Homer and does not get along with him. Oakley considered working on the show to be similar to working in a bubble due to the lack of interference from the Fox network's executives, as is commonplace on other shows. This allowed them to produce any episodes they wanted, as Weinstein commented: "The great thing about The Simpsons is that we pretty much were able to get away with everything, so there weren't any episodes we really wanted to do that we couldn't do. Even the crazy high-concept ones like 'Two Bad Neighbors' and 'Homer's Enemy' we managed to put on the air because honestly there were no network execs there to stop us."Such was the network's limited input that, when an executive suggested the staff introduce a new character to live with the Simpsons so as to "liven up the show", the staff rejected the idea and instead created the episode "The Itchy & Scratchy & Poochie Show", inserting the one-time character Roy, with no explanation as to who he was, or why he was living with the family, as a reference to the executive's proposal. The episode, which marked the point at which The Simpsons surpassed The Flintstones for the number of episodes produced for an animated series, was named by the BBC as one of the ten most memorable episodes of the show. They noted "the writers used the opportunity to pay tribute to the art of animation and rail against network interference in their show." The intrusion of the network censors was limited: the normal procedure is for an episode's script to be sent to the censor and then faxed back with a list of


texts:
 lines and words that should be substituted, causing limited problems, as often the offending lines are removed or changed for comedic purposes after animation. The episode "Homer's Phobia" drew the censor's objections. Its script came back with two pages of notes about almost every single line. The censors stated that they did not like the use of the word "gay", or the discussion of homosexuality at all, and closed with a paragraph which stated that "the topic and substance of this episode are unacceptable for broadcast".The censor problems ultimately came to nothing; when the episode came back from animation in South Korea, the then-Fox president had just been fired and replaced, with the censors being replaced as well. The new censors sent back merely one line: "acceptable for broadcast". Leaving the show
<mask> and Weinstein stood down as showrunners after season eight because they "didn't want to break [the show]." Oakley said: "We always said we'd never do a joke that we'd done before." They felt the showrunner should not stay for more than two seasons. Due to the pressures of having to work on two seasons at once (writing season eight, while doing post-production of season seven), Oakley said that at least two episodes from season eight would ideally have been rewritten, had there been sufficient time, and that towards the end, they were "treading water". As they were working on post-production of season eight, they were credited as consulting producers for season nine, which was in its initial writing stages.<mask> stated that they contributed "somewhere between 0 and .0001%" of the season, only attending the


texts:
 table readings of the scripts. They produced three episodes held over from season eight, which aired as part of season nine: "The City of New York vs. Homer Simpson", "The Principal and the Pauper" and "Lisa the Simpson". "The Principal and the Pauper" was negatively received due to the sudden revelation that long-time character Seymour Skinner was actually an imposter. For example, in his book Planet Simpson, Chris Turner describes "The Principal and the Pauper" as the "broadcast that marked [the] abrupt plunge" from The Simpsons' "Golden Age", which he says began in the middle of the show's third season. He calls the episode "[one of] the weakest episodes in Simpsons history". As such, <mask> considers it the most controversial episode from his tenure as executive producer. He and Weinstein advise viewers to treat "The Principal and the Pauper" as an "experiment".They surmise that the negative reception was partly due to the fact that it was not immediately apparent to viewers that this was such an episode (as opposed to, for example, "The Simpsons Spin-Off Showcase"). They describe the ending of the episode as an attempt to reset the continuity and allow fans to consider the episode on its own. "Lisa the Simpson" was their final involvement with the show. The duo wanted to end on a good note—Weinstein stated that the episode "was meant to embody the humor, depth, and emotions of The Simpsons,"—and they were pleased with the result. Awards and critical reaction
<mask> won three Emmys for his work on The Simpsons, and shared them with the other producers. When <mask> was the showrunner and executive producer,


texts: "Homer's Phobia" won the Emmy for Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming One Hour or Less) in 1997. The previous year, "Treehouse of Horror VI" was submitted for the award.The staff felt the 3D animation sequence "Homer³" would have given it the edge. The episode eventually lost to Pinky and the Brain. <mask> later expressed regret about not submitting an episode with a more emotionally driven plot, such as "Mother Simpson". In 1996, during season seven, the show received a Peabody Award. <mask> shared the awards for "Lisa's Wedding" and "Trash of the Titans" in 1995 and 1998 respectively. <mask> and Weinstein themselves were nominated, along with the show's composer Alf Clausen, for the Emmy for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Music and Lyrics for writing "Señor Burns" from "Who Shot Mr. Burns? (Part Two)".Many of the episodes by <mask> and Weinstein are considered amongst the show's best. For example, in 2003, Entertainment Weekly included six episodes they produced ("Homer's Phobia", "A Fish Called Selma", "The City of New York vs. Homer Simpson", "22 Short Films About Springfield", "The Simpsons Spin-Off Showcase" and "The Itchy and Scratchy and Poochie Show") and one episode they wrote ("Who Shot Mr. Burns?") as part of their list of the show's 25 best episodes. Robert Canning of IGN said the episode "You Only Move Twice" from season eight "may well be the greatest Simpsons episode of all time. In my book, it's at least tied," with "Marge vs. the Monorail". A. O. Scott described their era as "reach[ing] a pinnacle of zany self-reference with "22 Short Films About Springfield" and "Simpsons Spin-off


texts:
 Showcase"."The two are popular amongst the show's fans, and in the early days of the Internet, Oakley read and participated in fan discussion of the show on newsgroups such as alt.tv.simpsons. In 2005 and 2006, they participated in two question-and-answer sessions on the fan message board NoHomers.net. Mission Hill and other work
After <mask> and Weinstein left The Simpsons, they created Mission Hill in 1997, a show about a hip, lazy, 24-year-old cartoonist named Andy French, and sold it to The WB for a fall 1999 debut. They pitched the show in 1998 "as an animated series for young adults with a sophisticated, 'Simpsons'-style sensibility." They aimed to make the show about realistic issues affecting young adults, which were too mature for The Simpsons. The network was impressed and initially ordered 13 episodes; they ordered five more once the first was completed. Oakley explained: "The audience we're going for is one that's sophisticated, that likes high and low humor, that's very savvy in animation.[But] this show is definitely a case where a lot of people don't get it. It's not setup, setup, setup, punch line. It's observational humor. It's jokes told in a weird way, in the background or with a bizarre sound effect." The show was plagued by "public relations" difficulties, which meant it was "tarnished" from the start. A badly edited two-minute promotional video for the show, sent to advertisers in April 1999 for the annual upfronts, was poorly received. <mask> and Weinstein had been informed that the upfronts did not matter.Similarly, because no episodes were finished in time, journalists were not able to see


texts: anything of the show at the network's schedule presentation in July. Subsequently, as Weinstein commented to The Washington Post, "for seven months, the only impression people had of the show was based on a two-minute tape that looked terrible. Six major publications panned it before they even saw it." The pilot garnered largely negative reviews from publications such as The Deseret News; and earned a positive write-up in Variety. Furthermore, the show was forced to change from its originally planned title of The Downtowners due to its closeness to an MTV show. All of these factors combined to ensure the show received little attention, and the WB ran only a few commercials for it. Weinstein stated: "I don't know exactly why America doesn't know about this show.It's like Teen People came out with its fall preview, and we're not even in it." Mission Hill came at a time when the TV schedules were already saturated with animated shows; some of the response could be chalked up to its genre. The show was put out on a Friday, a night on which the WB had never broadcast before, at 8:00 pm, a time Oakley felt was inappropriate, and aired in front of The Wayans Bros., The Jamie Foxx Show and The Steve Harvey Show, all shows with which Oakley felt it was "incompatible". The show's poor reviews and ratings of an average of 1.8 million led to its swift cancellation. <mask> concluded that the pair had been "very naive" with regard to producing the show, and that it "would've been better on cable anyway because it would never have appealed to a broad enough audience due to the subject matter." The 13 completed episodes were later


texts: aired on Cartoon Network's Adult Swim block and the show garnered a worldwide cult following. After lobbying from <mask> and Weinstein, the WB eventually released the series on DVD.From 2001 to 2002, the two served as consulting producers on Futurama. They worked for two-and-a-half days a week, contributing jokes and helping with stories. They worked most substantially on the episodes "That's Lobstertainment!" and "Roswell That Ends Well". They produced The Mullets for UPN in 2003. <mask> and Weinstein have written and produced several television pilots. These include a CBS dramedy entitled 22 Birthdays, Business Class, a comedy for NBC about two traveling salesmen, The Funkhousers, an off-the-wall comedy for ABC about a close-knit family which was directed by Frank Oz and The Ruling Class for Fox, about a high school class who all got along, regardless of their social group.They have written two feature film screenplays: The Optimist for New Line Cinema, in which Seann William Scott was slated to star as a man born with no unhappiness gene, and Ruprecht, a Santa Claus-related comedy for Disney. Along with Weinstein, <mask> was to serve as an executive producer on the Fox television series Sit Down, Shut Up in 2009. <mask> ended his involvement with the show due to a contract dispute between the staff and Sony Pictures. Sony refused to offer a contract which operated under the complete terms of the Writers Guild of America. Weinstein continued working on the show. His two subsequent projects have been without Weinstein. In late 2009, NBC commissioned a pilot for <mask>'s sitcom about "the youngest judge in a circuit

masks: Oakley Oakley Oakley Oakley Oakley


texts:
 courthouse."He wrote the 2010 episode of The Cleveland Show "Gone with the Wind". Amongst other projects, Oakley planned a live-action show where the characters are all robots, which would be made by the same people who produce the children's show Yo Gabba Gabba!. <mask> began writing for the sketch comedy show Portlandia in its second season. He became a co-executive producer from the show's third season, co-writing every episode with Fred Armisen, Carrie Brownstein and Jonathan Krisel. He and his fellow writers shared the Writers Guild of America Award for Outstanding Achievement in Writing Comedy/Variety (Including Talk) – Series in 2013. <mask> and Weinstein teamed up again to co-write and co-executive produce 22 Birthdays, the failed pilot they originally produced for CBS, as a pilot for Bravo. It was slated to air in 2013.Personal life
<mask> and his wife Rachel J. Pulido have two daughters Mary and Bitsy, and a son named James. He and his family live in Portland, Oregon. Pulido (born January 26, 1967) graduated from Harvard, where she was a writer for the Harvard Lampoon. She wrote for The Simpsons and Mission Hill and was the only Hispanic staff writer in the twenty-year history of The Simpsons. She is of Mexican heritage. Pulido wrote the episode "Grade School Confidential", and the Bumblebee Man segment of "22 Short Films About Springfield". Credits
Episodes listed are those <mask> has been credited as writing or co-writing
Sunday Best (1991) – writer
The Simpsons (1992–1998) – writer, producer, story editor, supervising producer, consulting producer, executive producer, showrunner (all episodes with Josh


texts:
 Weinstein)
"Marge Gets a Job" (1992)
"Marge in Chains" (1993)
"Treehouse of Horror IV" ("Terror at 5½ Feet" segment) (1993)
"$pringfield (Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling)" (1993)
"Lisa vs. Malibu Stacy" (1994)
"Sweet Seymour Skinner's Baadasssss Song" (1994)
"Lady Bouvier's Lover" (1994)
"Sideshow Bob Roberts" (1994)
"Grampa vs.Sexual Inadequacy" (1994)
"Bart vs. Australia" (1995)
"Who Shot Mr.


texts:
<mask> (1845–1914), known as <mask>i by Albanians, born <mask>, was a Spanish nobleman, diplomat, and pretender of the throne of Albania. He claimed descent from the Kastrioti family through his paternal grandmother, a noblewoman that lived during the era of Charles III. He was referred as <mask>. Life
Born in Jerez de la Frontera, Province of Cádiz in  Andalusia in 1845, he was the illegitimate son of <mask> and nobleman <mask>. He attended school in his local town until 1862. After that he studied law in Sevilla. In 1867, he entered diplomatic services and was sent as a diplomat of Spain in various parts of Europe, Vienna, Paris (1869), Brussels (1870), The Hague (1872), Bucharest.He reached the top of his career under the era of Alfonso XII. After Alfonso's death he settled in Paris where he lived on income from his winery-estates that his father left him in 1869. He is regarded a sportsman and possessed a remarkable collection of racing horses. During his diplomatic tours, he grew interested in the Albanian cause, and started publishing brochures all around Europe and the Mediterranean, including Brussels, Alexandria, Athens, Napoli, Venice, Bucharest, etc. He was a financial contributor to the First Albanian School of Korçë, assisting the school to stay open until it was closed by Ottoman authorities. <mask> kept contact with the Albanian Rilindas and was idealized by some of them as a rightful heir for a future throne of independent Albania. He visited Sicily and Calabria where he kept contact with the Arbëreshë notables in order to support his cause.<mask>i descendant. The Albanian politician and scholar Eqrem bey Vlora, who was close to <mask>, states that he claimed descendance from Kastrioti family through a woman from his maternal side ancestry, related to the noble family of Marchese D'Auletta of Napoli. This woman would have shown up in his dream and order him "Fight for the liberation of Albania, and you'll become its King!". Around 1900, <mask> assumed concrete action towards the

masks:
Juan Pedro Aladro y Kastriota
Aladro Kastriot
Juan de Aladro de Perez y Valasco
Don Aladro
Isabel Aladro Pérez
Juan Pedro Domecq Lembeye
Don Aladro
Aladrostriot
Don Aladro
Don Aladro


texts: throne. He founded a literary prize which in 1901 was won by Ndoc Nikaj, a Catholic priest. In 1902, he financed an Albanian student club in Bucharest Shpresa ("The hope"). The same year, he published in Brussels a geographical map of Albania, in cooperation with Faik Konica.Aladro assisted financially the La Nazione Albanese newspaper of the Arbereshe publicist Anselmo Lorecchio, who from his side promoted him back. He also financed a person named Visko Babatasi as his emissary in Albania to distribute money, revolvers, and postcards with <mask>'s picture and the Albanian flag, promoting his name through the Albanians. This became so evident that the Ottoman authorities prohibited the postcard distribution at a certain point. Many of the postcards are still available today. Babatasi embezzled the funds and went to US. It was said, that the Ottomans offered <mask> the positions of Wali of Shkodra and Janina Vilayet in order to stop him agitating the Albanians; Aladro would have requested a full autonomy of all Albania, which Ottomans had rejected. According to Vlora's Memoirs, the Albanian flag which was raised during the Albanian Declaration of Independence in Vlorë on 28 November 1912 was a gift of 1909 from Don Aladro to him.The official Albanian version stands that Marigo Posio (a native of Korçë residing in Vlorë) embroidered it during the night. Eqrem Vlora confirms that the flag was requested from him by the organizers of the event, and was given to Posio to make copies. In 1913, the Albanian Congress of Trieste (Trieste back then was part of Austria-Hungary) was held. Between other things, the congress discussed the name of the future prince. <mask> was one of the candidates, and had some support. But the Great Powers did not like a Catholic candidate for the throne due to Albanian mixed religious nature and to possible opponent from non-Catholic communities (see:Religion in Albania) as well as considered <mask> "a starter" in that direction. <mask> stayed in Paris where he directed a

masks: Aladro Aladro Aladro Aladro Aladro


texts:
 railway company, and died in a hotel in Lamartine Square in 1914.Beside being a generous person he was a polyglote. <mask> spoke correctly French, Italian, English, German, Castillano, Russian, Albanian, and Euskera (Basque). Back home, <mask> was considered a "perfect cavalier, a devoted Christian, an excellent son, and a lover of art". He collaborated for some time with the newspaper Basque Euskal Erria, ending his articles always with the phrase: Euskalerria aurrera! Shkiperia perpara! ("Forward Euskal Erria! Forward Albania!").Beside Albania, he showed support for the Basque cause stating that his ancestors partly came from Bidania region. He is the author of a short story written in French, which was translated in Spanish and published in 1912 as Sotir y Mitka (Sotir and Mitka), by Aladro's trusted man Jacinto Ribeyro y Soulés who was also the administrator of Aladro's properties. <mask> <mask> got married in 1912 in La Teste-de-Buch (in Aquitaine, France) to <mask> Renesse y Maelcamp, a Belgian countess, who had been previously married to the deceased Willem Jan Verbrugge, a Dutch nobleman. After <mask>'s death without descendants, the widow went to San Sebastián a Jerez, where the Domecq estates were, to close the heritage. She agreed on ceasing the 50% that her husband inherited from his father, in exchange of regular payments for life. She died shortly after. Honours
Between other:
 Knight of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre
 Knight Grand Cross of Order of Isabella the Catholic
 Commander of the Order of Charles III
 Grand Cross of Order of the Star of Romania
 Grand Cross of Order of St Alexander of Bulgaria

References

1845 births
1914 deaths
Albanian Roman Catholics
Spanish Roman Catholics
Spanish untitled nobility
Spanish diplomats
Activists of the Albanian National Awakening
Spanish male writers
Basque nationalism
<mask>
Spanish people of Albanian descent
Spanish people of Basque descent
19th-century Spanish journalists
20th-century Spanish writers
People from Cádiz
Knights of the Holy

masks:
Aladro
Aladro
Juan Pedro
Aladro
Juana
Aladro
Juan Pedro


texts:
<mask> "Teddy" <mask>  (8 August 1908, Highgate in Middlesex – 1 May 1968, Béruges) was a British aircraft designer. He is noted for Westland's wartime aeroplanes, the Canberra, the early design of the Lightning, and his last plane, the Folland Gnat. Early life

<mask> 'Teddy' <mask> was the eldest of the three sons and one daughter of Sir <mask> (co-founder of Westland Aircraft Works) and his wife, <mask>. Because his father spent much time in London, Teddy's early childhood was spent mostly with his mother, from whom he inherited a strong religious conviction and firm ethical principles. He was educated at Marlborough College in Wiltshire then Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. During his first two years at Cambridge he focused his studies on subjects relevant to oil engines, the traditional product of Petters Limited, but in his third year he concentrated on aerodynamics and aircraft engineering. In 1929 he was awarded a first class in the mechanical sciences tripos and shared the John Bernard Seely prize in aeronautics.Career

Westland

Early career
Petter joined Westland Aircraft Works as a graduate apprentice in 1929 and for the next 2 1/2 years he worked in every department, not seeking any favour despite being the chairman's son. In the drawing office it was noted that he was a very poor draughtsman but had good ideas. Years later he said "I looked on this as sheer drudgery at the time, but knew afterwards that without workshop knowledge I would never have become a designer". In May 1932 he was appointed personal assistant to the managing director, Robert Bruce, a position previously held by Petter's friend and colleague Harald Penrose. Bruce did not welcome the appointment and ignored him, leaving Petter spare time to

masks:
William Edward Willoughby
Petter
Edward
Petter
Ernest Petter
Angela Emma


texts:
 modify and compete an Austin 7. Despite his interest in sports cars, Petter had no interest in learning to fly. Penrose gave him a flying lesson at this time, but later commented that Petter had a 'lack of the requisite sensitivity coupled with hopeless judgment of speed and distance'.His father appointed <mask> to the board in May 1934, making him technical director (at the age of 26) in preference over more experienced engineers such as Arthur Davenport and Geoffery Hill. This was not welcomed by the older members of the management, ultimately prompting Bruce and Hill to resign, and placing the older and more experienced Davenport in an intolerable position as his subordinate. One of his first actions as technical director was to terminate development of Hill's Pterodactyl, a pioneering tailless swept-wing aircraft. However, other business decisions by <mask> infuriated Teddy. In July 1935 <mask> convened a shareholders meeting to propose a merger with British Marine Aircraft for the purpose of expanding Westland's workshops. This proposal was thwarted by Teddy and Peter Acland who threatened to resign. But in July 1938 <mask> sold the controlling shares in Westlands to John Brown Ltd, forming Westland Aircraft Limited as a separate company, with <mask> brought in to share the managing directorship with Peter Acland.Teddy saw the loss of family control of the company as the loss of his birthright, and this dispute would divide the <mask> family for years, not being resolved until shortly before <mask>'s death in 1954. Lysander

The Air Ministry was initially reluctant to award Westland contracts due to <mask>'s inexperience, but his reputation as a successful designer was strengthened after it was demonstrated that the automatic

masks:
Petter
Ernest Petter
Ernest Petter
Ernest Petter
Eric Mensforth
Petter
Ernest Petter
Petter


texts:
 slats on the PV 7 were both effective and reliable. As a result, and after internal discussion, the Air Ministry added Westland to the list of bidders for Specification A.39/34 (the replacement for the Hawker Hector army co-operation aircraft). <mask> started the design by interviewing the Army Cooperation pilots and ground crew. Based on this information, he placed pilot visibility, the ability to take off and land in small spaces, and ease of ground maintenance as the prime requirements. The resulting design, the Westland P8 (later named the Lysander), was clearly an evolution of Westland's high-winged monoplane designs, but Petter incorporated a number of innovative features including extensive use of extruded sections throughout the airframe, something that would be a feature in his future designs. The early flight testing revealed attitude control problems that the wind tunnel tests had not predicted.Petter instructed Penrose to conceal these problems from <mask>. Later, when these problem had been addressed by a larger, variable-incidence tailplane, it was realised that if a landing was aborted and the throttle opened up fully, the Lysander could rear up and stall. While Penrose and RAF test pilots lobbied for modifications, <mask> refused because redesign would affect production. Also, in his zeal to reduce weight, <mask> had used glider fabric instead of specification Irish linen to cover the wings on the second prototype. This nearly caused a disaster when an RAF pilot dived it to the limit, causing the fabric on the top surface to tear off. Whirlwind

<mask>'s next fixed-wing aircraft design was a radical departure from the Westland's typical high-wing fabric-covered airframe. The Westland P9 was a low winged twin-engined

masks:
Petter
Ernest Petter
Petter
Petter
Petter


texts: aircraft employing the latest technology.It was designed to meet Air Ministry specification F.37/35, which called for a single-seat cannon-armed fighter, at least 40 mph faster than a contemporary bomber and not less than 330 mph at 15,000 ft. To obtain this performance Petter and Davenport chose to minimise drag; the two Rolls-Royce Peregrine engines were fitted in closely streamlined nacelles, and their radiators were fitted inside the wing inboard sections (something that would be later copied in the de Havilland Mosquito and the Hawker Tempest I). In the two prototypes the engine exhaust was routed through the fuel tanks in the wings to reduce parasitic drag. The Air Ministry thought that this was dangerous and insisted that conventional exhaust stacks be fitted. The airframe was of thin-walled stressed skin construction, with the rear fuselage skinned in magnesium alloy. Like the Lysander, it made extensive use of extrusions in the airframe. To reduce the landing distance the wing incorporated automatic Handley Page slats coupled to the Fowler Flaps, with the radiator gills also coupled to the flap control, which was advanced at the time. The prototype first flew in September 1938, and while it was one of the fastest and most heavily armed fighters of its era, faster than the Spitfire Mk 1, its development was problematic and protracted.The engines overheated, the hydraulic engine controls were imprecise, the slats slammed open, and production was slow. <mask> was frustrated by its lack of operational status in the RAF. In November 1940, he wrote a memo to Sholto Douglas stating "The Whirlwind is probably the most radically new aeroplane which has ever gone into service... New ideas I am afraid, even with the greatest care,


texts:
 always mean a certain amount of teething trouble... I really do not think these troubles have been any worse than they were on, say, the Spitfire... " In reply Sholto Douglas wrote, "... it seems to me that your firm is concentrating on producing large numbers of Lysanders, which nobody wants... instead of concentrating on producing Whirlwinds which are wanted badly." Shortly after this exchange 263 squadron became operational, but Petter always regretted that the Whirlwind was not available for the Battle of Britain and blamed <mask> for the delay in production. Spitfire development
By 1942 Westland was building mostly Spitfires under contract. One of the problems with the early marks of Spitfire was variability of longitudinal stability, leading to aircraft getting dangerously out of control and contributing to the risk of structural failure .<mask> made a significant contribution to improving the longitudinal stability of the Spitfire because he was the first to appreciate that aerodynamic modification to the elevator could provide additional stability. On his own initiative he had Penrose collect flight test stick force data and trim curves on a Spitfire at various centre of gravity loadings, then produced a prototype elevator with a bulged aerodynamic section, which produced a 'remarkable' improvement in stability, later being known as the 'Westland Elevator'. Welkin

In 1940, the Air Ministry was motivated by the threat of high altitude bombers such as the Ju86P, to issue a specification for a high altitude interceptor, F4/40, followed by a revision F7/41 in 1941. <mask> submitted two designs. His first was an innovative low-drag aircraft (P13),  which featured a pair of staggered Merlins in the fuselage, one behind and slightly

masks:
Eric Menforth
Petter
Petter


texts: above the other, driving a pair of contra-rotating propellers. His second submission was a conventional design (P14), describing it as 'a logical development of the successful Whirlwind...". This was selected and became the Welkin.Specification F7/41 required a minimum speed to 415mph at 33,000ft with a maximum ceiling of 42,000ft. The Air Ministry also wanted low altitude manoeuvrability and a +9G ultimate load factor. The speed was equivalent to a Mach number of 0.62 while the loading condition caused Petter to select a thick wing section which would later be demonstrated to have a critical Mach number of 0.6. The significance of the thick wing section may not have been understood by Petterbecause compressibility effects had only started to be encountered by aircraft designers. During test flying the effect of compressibility was experienced by Penrose who wrote, "In speed runs at the ceiling the wings and fuselage sometimes shook as though the machine was bumping over cobblestones." Petter was reluctant to believe Penrose or accept that the wing would not be acceptable for high speed at altitude. While the cabin pressurisation was innovative and worked well, the heat from the compressor 'was like sitting in an oven'.<mask> was unconcerned and reluctant to modify the system, Penrose thought that "It was the machine's performance which interested him, not that of the pilot". Petter devised a better method for cooling the cabin only after Penrose developed pneumonia attributed to this problem. Penrose said later that "At this time <mask>'s intellect put him ahead of most contemporary designers as shown by his introduction of pressurization and extensive use of remote electrical controls which subsequently became standard practice. By

masks: Petter Petter


texts:
 the time of the Welkin he had learnt the lesson that it takes as long to develop an aeroplane as to design it...  <mask> was an outstanding organiser and could envisage construction time-scales with greater knowledge than Fearn and <mask>don. ...it was his lack of understanding people and their motives that became his major failure." B1/44 proposal
Westland's successful manufacture of Spitfires meant that Petter was well thought of by Sir <mask> Freeman, chief executive officer at the Ministry of Aircraft Production (MAP) and by N. E. Rowe, its director of technical development. Discussions between all three led to Specification B1/44 for a jet-powered replacement for the Mosquito bomber.<mask> developed his proposal for B1/44 as a private venture. This was a 56 ft span medium bomber powered by two Metrovick F.2/4 "Beryl" engines located within the fuselage and he persuaded the Westland board to put up capital to manufacture a mockup of the fuselage. This was his fifteenth wartime design study and his final design for Westland. Throughout his career when under stress, <mask> would leave work without warning for periods of up to six weeks. In April 1944 he suddenly left work and it was rumoured that he had travelled to Switzerland, possibly to a monastery or a religious commune. In his absence Mensford switched the design effort from the B1/44 bomber to work on specification N11/44 for a Naval single-seat fighter that would eventually become the Wyvern. When <mask> returned he was furious with Mensford.He knew Westland would not have the resources to develop and build both the fighter and the bomber. Also, to avoid the delays in production of the bomber he wanted Mensforth to give him full powers of a chief engineer responsible for

masks: Petter Wheel Wilfrid Petter Petter Petter


texts:
 every department concerned with its construction. He believed that in his absence the management had conspired to eliminate his project. As a result of this conflict he resigned in June, leaving the company in September 1944. He took with him the B1/44 design proposal and his large database of extrusions with their load capacities. English Electric

Canberra

By 1944 English Electric was established as a leading manufacturer of modern aircraft, both in terms of quantity and quality. This success was certainly due in part to the drive of the Preston site general manager, Arthur Sheffield.However, the company did not have engineers capable of original aircraft design and to address this deficiency Sir George Nelson, English Electric's chairman, was introduced to <mask>, (possibly by Sir <mask> Freeman or Sir Ralph Sorley). With <mask> on board, English Electric was put on the MAP short list to develop Britain's first jet bombers. <mask> started work for English Electric in July 1944. As he was unencumbered by an existing design office, he had the opportunity to personally recruit a team of ambitious young engineers. His first recruit was Frederick Page, who was then a senior aerodynamicist at Hawkers. <mask> first discussed the B1/44 proposal with Page in October 1944, and appointed him as his chief stress man the following April. In 1945, Petter proposed a study contract to the MAP for a high-speed, high-altitude bomber to an updated specification (B3/45).This was granted in June allowing <mask> and Page to establish the basic B3/45 configuration. While the original Westland B1/44 design had incorporated engines inside the fuselage, they realised this was incompatible with the internal fuel and bomb load. Instead they chose engines

masks: Petter Wilfred Petter Petter Petter Petter


texts: mounted in nacelles in the wings. Petter later explained that the technical solution was found to lie in the right choice of wing. Swept wings had been considered, but were was found to be unnecessary at the Mach numbers attainable when carrying a useful military load with the thrust available from two contemporary turbojets. The problems that the <mask>lkin had encountered at altitude were avoided by choosing a wing with a low aspect-ratio allowing a modest thickness/chord ratio, together with a light wing-loading. The modest curvature of the wings meant that the intersection with the fuselage and nacelles required no fillets to smooth the flow.By late 1945 the design was sufficiently developed for a brochure to be submitted to the Ministry of Supply (MoS) which awarded a contract for four prototypes in January 1946. The study contract in June 1945 enabled <mask> to recruit and expand his team. He recruited <mask> and Ray Creasey in 1946 as his aerodyamicists. He recruited Roland Beamont in May 1947 as his chief experimental test pilot; doing this as a means of bypassing Arthur Sheffield's control of the production test pilots and also because both he and Page wanted close integration of the test pilot within the design team. Members of the team Petter put together to develop the Canberra would go on to lead military aircraft development in the U.K for the next four decades, playing significant roles in the development of the Lightning, TSR-2, Jaguar, and the Tornado, some becoming members of the divisional board of directors. Of this time at Warton, Beamont said "although Petter was generally thought to be difficult I found him logical and 'ahead of the game' and totally oriented on making an enormous success of the Canberra. That

masks:
We
Petter
Dai Ellis


texts:
 it achieved this was due to his personal ability to recognise the technical argument and act on it correctly."The aircraft would stay in operation in the RAF for 57 years until June 2006. In the United States, the Martin Company built the design under licence from 1953, as the Martin B-57, which was operated by the United States Air Force (USAF), NASA, the Pakistan Air Force and Taiwan Air Force. While the type was retired by the USAF in 1983, NASA still operates three. Lightning

Despite the lack of enthusiasm for manned supersonic flight in postwar Britain (The Miles M.52 was cancelled in February 1946), Petter made provisional sketches for a supersonic fighter in 1946. To achieve a small frontal area and reduce wave drag it had two Rolls-Royce Derwent engines mounted one above the other in the fuselage, echoing his earlier Westland P13 proposal. He lobbied Whitehall on the matter of supersonic flight and in 1948 Handel Davis and a party from the MoS visited Petter in Warton to discuss experimental supersonic development work under specification E.R. 103.This meeting resulted in <mask> initiating a design proposal with Page leading the design and Ray Creasey responsible for the aerodynamics. By July 1948 their proposal incorporated the stacked engine configuration and a high-mounted tailplane but was designed for Mach 1.5. As a consequence it had a conventional 40° degree swept wing  This proposal was submitted in the November  and in January 1949 the project was designated P.1 by English Electric. On 29 March 1949 MoS granted approval for English Electric to start the detailed design, develop wind tunnel models and build a full-size mockup. The design that had developed during 1948 evolved further during 1949. To achieve Mach 2 the


texts:
 wing sweep was increased to 60° with the ailerons moved to the wingtips. In late 1949 low-speed wind tunnel tests showed that a vortex was generated by the wing which caused a large downwash on the tailplane; this issue was solved by lowering its height below the wing.Hence, by late 1949 the basic configuration of the P.1A Lightning was fixed. By late 1949 the relationship between Sheffield's Preston Strand Road engineering works and Petter's design team at Warton had deteriorated. Modifications to the Canberra to incorporate a bomb aimer, camera bays and dual seat for the navigation trainer required a redesign of the front fuselage, which caused disruption in the design office and the workshops. In addition, with the P.1A Lightning design programme ramping up, <mask> demanded a separate administration for Warton and an experimental workshop under his control as a condition of his continued service with English Electric. Sir George Nelson was unable to reach a compromise acceptable to both Petter and Sheffield. Page tried to persuade Petter to stay by promising to help in dealing with Sheffield. From December 1949 Petter ceased to take an active part in running Warton, he visited Warton once again to speak to a few people and clear his office.Page took over the day-to-day management until in February 1950, <mask> resigned and Page was formally appointed his successor. The Lightning remains the only all-British Mach 2 aircraft. Folland Aircraft

In the late 1940s Folland Aircraft Limited in Hamble, Hampshire was manufacturing sub-assemblies for other aircraft manufacturers. Henry Folland planned to retire and recruited <mask> as chief engineer and deputy managing director. <mask> joined Folland in September 1950, succeeding Henry

masks: Petter Petter Petter Petter


texts: Folland as managing director in July 1951. Although <mask> had entered into an anti-poaching agreement with English Electric, a number of his ex-colleagues joined Folland when positions were openly advertised. With a strong team, led by a designer of <mask>'s pedigree, Folland was now able to win MoS design contracts, such as that for the development of the Red Dean air-to-air missile in mid-1951.On 11 July 1951 a delegation from the RAF visited <mask> to discuss the requirements for a lightweight interceptor to counter the threat of escorted Russian Tu-4 bombers (AST OR/303). To address this, <mask> developed a number of concepts. His early designs used jettisonable engines but by late 1951 he had focussed on more conventional designs; the Fo 139 and Fo 140 (which would eventually be developed into the Midge and Gnat respectively). With concept design work on the light fighter ramping up, <mask> decided not to proceed with the Red Dean and the MoS cancelled the contract in November 1951. <mask> sent a brochure describing the Fo.140 to the Air Staff in January 1952, but beyond this, further development of the light fighters was hindered by the lack of engines with a high thrust-to-weight ratio. The Bristol Saturn was cancelled, the AS Viper had insufficient thrust, Rolls Royce did not have a suitable engine and was not willing to develop one. To address this problem <mask> approached Stanley Hooker at Bristol in late 1952 to discuss the design of a suitable engine.This meeting would lead to the development of the Orpheus. By 1952 Government interest in a light fighter had waned. Despite this <mask> began the design and construction of the prototype as a private venture. The Fo 139 design was revised, adopting a shoulder-mounted wing

masks: Petter Petter Petter Petter Petter Petter Petter Petter


texts: and a low-set tailplane. In common with his previous designs, <mask> made use of magnesium alloys in the structure, using material surplus from the RTV2 Missile programme in the construction of the Midge prototype. In June 1953 <mask> presented his manifesto on light fighter design at the AFITA congress at the Paris Air show. In this paper, titled "Design for Production", <mask> compared a 2500 kg light fighter with a 7500 kg standard fighter and concluded that although the weight ratio was 3:1, four times as many light fighters could be manufactured for the same cost.To achieve this he explained how the fuselage, wing structure, engine and services could all be simplified. Colonel Johnnie Driscoll, head of the NATO Mutual Weapons Development Program noted <mask>'s light fighter concept. NATO was interested in ground-attack aircraft that could be operated from improvised airfields and could be manufactured by postwar European industry. Driscoll formalised a NATO requirement in August 1954 that would become the NATO light fighter competition. It was based on <mask>'s concept but included the requirement to use low-pressure tyres. However, the Gnat was designed to operate from concrete runways and used high-pressure tyres. Petter refused to modify the undercarriage because this would mean bulging the undercarriage doors and spoiling the Gnat's clean aerodynamic lines.Stanley Hooker urged him to 'Just say that you will try to do it', but <mask>'s moral code would not let him make false claims. As a result, the Gnat was eliminated from the competition in June 1955. Ironically, the Gnat trainer design would show that the wider tyres could be used without increasing drag. Production of the Midge progressed to schedule and it was rolled out

masks: Petter Petter Petter Petter Petter Petter


texts:
 of the workshop on 31 July 1954, making its maiden flight on 11 August 1954. The Gnat first flew on 18 July 1955 and while it was demonstrated to be a capable aircraft, there was little interest in it in Europe. In November 1955 the Indian government showed an interest in both purchasing and in licensed manufacture. <mask> made several visits to India and he and his design team were highly regarded by HAL.An approach was made to him to set up a design team in India.However, his relationship with Indian government officials was antagonistic due to arguments over variations in contract costs. In the late 1950s <mask> rationalised his senior staff, dismissing those he thought had failed to meet his standards. However at the same time the Macmillan government was rationalising the aircraft industry and made the order for Gnat Trainers conditional on Folland merging with the Hawker Siddely group. Such a merger would effectively make Petter subordinate to Sir Sidney Camm, with whom Petter had a good relationship (Camm had provided Petter with the Hunter wind tunnel data during the development of the Gnat) but the working relationship would be intolerable. At the same period his wife Claude was showing the early signs of Parkinson's disease. These two factors prompted <mask> to announce his resignation to the Hawker Siddely board on 11 November 1959, leaving Folland in the December. Personal life and retirement
Throughout his education at Marborough and Cambridge Petter seems to have led a reclusive life.At Cambridge he had one close friend, John McCowan, with whom he shared an interest in motor cars. It was during a stay at the McCowan family farm that <mask> met his future wife Claude, the daughter of Louis Munier a Swiss official at the


texts:
 League of Nations in Geneva. Teddy and Claude were married in August 1933, in her home town near Geneva, with McCowan as their best man. The Petters had three daughters, Camile in 1936, Francoise in 1938 and Jenni in 1945. While living in Dorset in the 1930s he designed his own house, a modern wooden chalet, with oil heating, double glazing and an automatic garage door. When he left Folland he had intended to continue as a consultant engineer, with a limited interest in the Gnat. However, in January 1960 Petter left the aircraft industry completely, stating "I have finished with aviation completely.I have strong religious interests to which I am now going to give a lot of my time." Five years earlier, Claude had been introduced to a 'Father Forget', a former minister of the Reformed Church of France who claimed to be able to cure her Parkinson's disease through communal prayer. With Claude and daughter Jenni, <mask> joined Father Forget's commune in 1960 and moved to Switzerland. There he lived the simple life of a holy man until in May 1968 he died, aged 59, of bleeding from a chronic stomach ulcer. He was buried in Beruges, Poitou-Charentes, in France. Claude died in 1975. Patents

See also
 Barnes Wallis

Notes

References

Citations

Cited sources

Journals

 The Guardian 11 September 1955, Page 5
 The Times 27 May 1968, Page 10

External links
 The <mask> family
 History of the Lightning at RAF History
 Obituary in Flight
 Unveiling of a plaque in honour of <mask> by his daughter Francois

Video clips

1908 births
1968 deaths
English aerospace engineers
People from Edmonton, London
People from Yeovil
Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
People educated at Marlborough College
Commanders of the Order of the

masks:
Teddy Petter
Petter
Teddy Petter


texts:
<mask> (born July 29, 1969) is a Brazilian actress. Professional life

<mask> started doing theater in Andrews College, Zona Sul of Rio de Janeiro with Miguel Falabella. She also studied in Tablado, at the age of 13, and started her first experiences as an actress in theater for children, in Labours of Hercules, adaptation of the book by Monteiro Lobato in 1983. She also took part of the plays Our Town, 1984, and Little Red Riding Hood, written and directed by Maria Clara Machado, in 1985. <mask> debuted professionally with the show The Secret of Cocachim, as Denise Crispum, in 1989, which earned her the Coca-Cola Award. In television, her first appearance could not have been more discreet. Her debut work took place in Rede Globo in 1986, in the episode O Sequestro de Lauro Corona, in the extinct Teletema, written by Ricardo Linhares.Although she was small, the role played by the actress drew the attention of director Roberto Talma, responsible for the show, which invited her to his first telenovela, Top Model, three years later, where she played the maid Cida. While working for the author Walcyr Carrasco, she played Machiavellian villains and comic girls. In 1996, she made a special appearance in the drama of Rede Manchete, whereas joining the cast of the novel Xica da Silva, as the terrible and evil Violante, which earned her the APCA award for Best Actress of the year. Four years later, in Rede Globo, she portrayed the selfish Marcela in the telenovela O Cravo e a Rosa. In 2002, she was part of the telenovela Desejos de Mulher. She was also the co-star character as the manicure Márcia in Chocolate com Pimenta. She had also portrayed Olívia in Alma Gêmea.Prior to becoming

masks:
Adriana Moraes Rêgo Reis
Drica Moraes
Moraes


texts:
 an actress, <mask> considered to be a designer and participated in the making of a poetry book, creating visual images to illustrate the work. In July 2010, she debuted on the national movie circuit in O Bem Amado, in which she was one of Sisters Cajazeiras. Months later, in January 2011, the film was aired by Rede Globo as a series divided into four chapters. In 2010, the actress had acute myeloid leukemia and underwent a bone marrow treatment. She acted in Ti Ti Ti as the physical therapist Teresa Batalha, in a cameo role character in the last chapters of the plot. In the same year she had a special appearance in an episode of A Grande Família. In 2012, she was in the miniseries Dercy de Verdade, playing Clô Prado.In the same year, she returned into telenovelas in the remake of Guerra dos Sexos. In 2014, enters the cast of Doce de Mãe, playing Rosalinda. Still in 2014, Moraes, played the great villain Cora, in Império, being praised for its interpretation. The actress had to leave the soap opera for health problems, being replaced by Marjorie Estiano, who played the same character in the first phase of the plot. In 2015, was confirmed like protagonist of Verdades Secretas, novel of the 23h, written by Walcyr Carrasco, replacing Deborah Secco. In 2016, she was in the Justice miniseries, where she played Vânia Ferraz, an unbalanced and emotionally fragile woman, acting with Antônio Calloni and Cauã Reymond. <mask> was praised by web surfers.b In 2017 is escalated like protagonist next to Fábio Assunção of the miniseries A Fórmula.The miniseries had negative repercussion, and low hearing, being discarded a second season. Personal life
In 1994, when recording a show on TV,

masks: Drica Drica


texts:
 <mask> met director Régis Faria. In the same year they married. In 1998 <mask> discovered to be pregnant, for her happiness, but in a few months suffered a miscarriage, getting severely depressed and not wanting to get pregnant again. In 2003, the couple was not getting along, and decided to divorce. In 2003 <mask> met and married the cultural producer Raul Schmidt. In 2009 <mask> became a mother, which was her greatest dream: Why not want to get pregnant again for fear of having another miscarriage, she adopt a baby 1 month old, whom she named Mateus.She says she does not want the child to hide the fact that he intends to foster and adopt another baby after Mateus is greater. In 2008, for marital disagreements, <mask> and Raul divorced. In early 2009 began a new relationship with the homeopathic physician Fernando Pitanga. Health
In February 2010, after doing many tests, and over one year feeling very bad, with fainting and body aches, Moraes was admitted to the Samaritan Hospital to see what had, until there was a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia. <mask> began to start chemotherapy. His friends and relatives mobilized a major campaign for blood donation. In July 2010, underwent a bone marrow transplant.Once retrieved, <mask> gave an interview on Fantástico. During the interview, she said, "Your life will improve a lot if you do not die." She will make intensive care for another year and will be followed for life, to prevent the disease returning. In 2014, <mask> was removed from the Império novel for a week. She was diagnosed with pharyngitis and was later permanently removed from the Império, where her character is one of the most prominent in the plot, for being a

masks: Drica Drica Drica Drica Drica Drica Drica Drica


texts:
 villain. At the time, it was considered among the public that the cancer would have returned, which was denied by the own actress and team of the novel. Pharyngitis, caused by the fragility of her health and being overworked, hurt her voice and made her hoarse, and she could not act in those conditions.According to the author of the novel, Aguinaldo Silva, reveals that he had to catch light with <mask> Moraes since the beginning of the novel of the nine of the Globo, in July. The actress maintains special health care because of a cancer she faced in 2010. "Every time I wrote a strong scene I could not help but think that I was doing an enormous harm to <mask>'s health." Then Aguinaldo Silva again called Marjorie Estiano to replace <mask> <mask>, the actress had played the younger Cora in the first phase. Filmography

Television

Films

Theater

Awards and nominations

Grande Otelo

APCA Awards

Art Quality Brazil Awards

Best of the Year – Globe Awards

Cartagena Film Festival

Contigo! Awards

Guarani Cinema Awards

Mambembe Awards

Quem Awards

Shell Awards

References

External links

1969 births
Living people
Actresses from Rio de Janeiro (city)
Brazilian television actresses
Brazilian telenovela actresses
Brazilian film actresses
Brazilian stage

masks: Drica Drica Drica Moraes


texts: <mask> (born 7 August 1973) is an Australian association football former player and manager of Yokohama F. Marinos. As a player, he represented the Australia national team at international level winning 46 caps and scoring 10 goals between 1994 and 2006. After beginning his professional career in the Australian National Soccer League with Sunshine George Cross in 1989, Muscat played eight seasons in the United Kingdom with Crystal Palace, Wolverhampton Wanderers, Rangers and Millwall. He returned to Australia in 2005 for the first time since leaving South Melbourne in 1996 to captain Melbourne Victory in the inaugural season of the A-league. Muscat retired from professional football in March 2011 after Melbourne Victory's 2011 AFC Champions League campaign, citing his growing frustration at his inability to keep pace with the game. Muscat briefly rejoined his former club Sunshine George Cross for part of the 2011 Victorian State League Division 1 season. During his international career, Muscat represented the Australia U-20 side at the 1991 FIFA World Youth Championship in Portugal and the 1993 FIFA World Youth Championship in Australia.He represented the Australia U-23 side at the 1996 Summer Olympics. After making his full international debut for Australia in September 1994 against Kuwait, Muscat represented the national side at the 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup, 2000 OFC Nations Cup, 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup and the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup. After several seasons as an assistant coach, Muscat was appointed head coach at Melbourne Victory in October 2013. He has coached Victory to the 2014–15 A-League Premiership, the 2014–15 A-League Championship and success in the 2015 FFA Cup. He


texts:
 left the role in 2019. Club career

Born in Crawley, West Sussex, in England from Maltese descent, Muscat began his career as a junior at Australian National Soccer League (NSL) club Sunshine George Cross, making his first senior appearances for the club in the 1989/90 season. He moved from Sunshine to the Australian Institute of Sport in 1990 and was awarded the Weinstein Medal as the Victorian Junior Player of the year.He continued playing in the NSL for Heidelberg United in the 1991-92 season and then spent four seasons with South Melbourne Hellas. In 1995-96 he was trialled at Sheffield United under manager Dave Bassett but stayed at South Melbourne. After impressive performances with South Melbourne and the Olyroos, he attracted the interest of many overseas clubs. By August 1996 Bassett had taken the helm at Crystal Palace and signed Muscat to the south London club for £35,000 from South Melbourne Hellas. Muscat was part of the Palace team that subsequently won promotion to the English Premier League, defeating Sheffield United in the 1997 play-off final at Wembley. Muscat made nine Premier League appearances for Palace before moving to First Division Wolverhampton Wanderers for £200,000 in October 1997. Muscat remained at Wolves for five seasons before moving to Scotland to join Rangers on a free transfer in July 2002.He was part of the Rangers squad which won a treble of domestic trophies in 2002–03. Muscat's final British club was Millwall, for whom he played from 2003 to 2005. In 2004, he captained Millwall to the FA Cup Final for the first time in their history. He missed the final itself after suffering a knee ligament injury in the semi-final against Sunderland, although the