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<mask> (4 January 17933 May 1833) was a British businessman, a looking-glass maker and banker who served for two years as a Tory Member of Parliament for the former English parliamentary constituency of Penryn in Cornwall. After failing as a banker he did not stand again for Parliament. In 1827 he was committed to King's Bench Prison for debt, and was released before he died. Early life
Born in 1793, <mask> was the eldest son of <mask>, a looking-glass manufacturer, of Islington Green and Lombard Street. His mother was Eleanor, a daughter of John Mason, originally from Spilsby. By 1794, <mask>'s father was in business making looking-glasses in Lombard Street, until about 1815 with a partner called Wilcoxon, and later as a partner in a firm called "Wilcoxon, Stanton and Co." <mask>'s mother died in 1809, leaving nine children. In 1818, <mask>'s father died at Plymouth and was buried at Bunhill Fields.His estate was sworn to be worth under £80,000. In a will dated 1809, and a codicil dated 1811, he left his daughters £5,000 each. To his son <mask>, he left £1,000 when he reached the age of twenty-one, his Islington Green house, and his business. To his son Charles he also left £1,000, and the two brothers were to have an equal share in the residue of their father's estate when they were both aged thirty. In the event, <mask> had died in 1811, aged ten, so <mask> came into the whole residue of his father's estate in 1823. Marriage

On 21 March 1816, <mask> married Louisa Sarah Ann Darby of St Michael, Cornhill, in the City of London, a daughter of Thomas Darby, and they had two sons and at least four daughters. He was recorded as a merchant when his first child, Louisa, was baptized in 1817, and his

masks:
Robert Stanton
Stanton
Robert Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Robert
Charles Stanton
Stanton
Stanton


type: original

texts:
 address was then in City Road.A son, <mask>, died in December 1817, aged two weeks. <mask> later had another son named <mask>, who was still alive in 1822. When his daughters Eleanor Darby (1822) and Sophia Frances (1823) were baptized, <mask> was living in Highbury Place and was described as a gentleman. His daughter Marianne Maria died at the age of three in April 1833. Career
Before coming into his inheritance, <mask> seems to have carried on his father's business for some time, and in 1828 he said he had been in the business of making looking-glasses for about five years. However, by 1820 the firm's name had become  "Wilcoxon, Harding and Owen", so he may have sold out by then. Sir Christopher Hawkins later gave evidence that in about 1822 a man named Simpson had introduced <mask> to him as someone who had inherited a lot of money and wanted to be a Member of Parliament.At the time, Hawkins could not help, but in 1824 he advised <mask> to try his luck for Penryn in Cornwall. Hawkins had himself been a member in this borough until 1824, and a vacancy had now arisen there due to the death of one of the sitting members, Henry Swann. In the ensuing by-election campaign, the press in Cornwall described <mask> as a banker from London, and according to his own later evidence he had embarked on that career a few months before. Standing as a Tory, he found himself up against a local candidate supported by the corporation of the borough. Polling went on for three days, 300 votes were cast, and <mask> won by six votes, 153 to 147. The election cost him between £2,000 and £3,000, on credit, and none of this had been paid to his creditors by 1826. The House of Commons has no record of <mask> speaking in

masks: Robert Stanton Robert Stanton Stanton Stanton Stanton Stanton Stanton Stanton


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 debates, but he voted against Catholic emancipation on 1 March 21 April, and 10 May 1825.By 1826, <mask> was in trouble, with large debts. Two months after he was elected to parliament, his banking business had collapsed, and trustees were appointed who paid his creditors ten shillings in the pound. Early in 1826, he was thinking of leaving the House of Commons by "taking the Chiltern Hundreds", but there was soon a general election, and he did not stand again. Debtors' prison

On 6 February 1827, <mask> was arrested on an action for a debt of £900 owed to a bank in Falmouth, money lent to him at the outset of his election campaign. On 10 February he was committed to the King's Bench Prison, but he was released on 20 February, having compromised to settle the debt at fourteen shillings in the pound. On 22 June 1827, <mask> faced another king's bench action, this time for £75 owed to Edward Jones, and he was imprisoned until 27 August. During this second period in the gaol, a mock election took place there, from 12 to 16 July 1827.<mask> took part in it, and it was reported that he had "particularly distinguished himself in the frolic, and appeared on each of the days dressed up in the most grotesque manner imaginable". On the final day of the election, the marshal of the prison sent in troops, in the hope of preventing a chairing, and some men, including <mask>, found themselves in "close confinement". The painter <mask> Haydon was himself in the prison for debt at the time and later painted two canvases to mark the occasion, "Chairing the Member" and "The Mock Election". <mask> appears in the second, "attired in the quilt of his bed, and in a yellow turban... pointing, without looking at his

masks:
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Benjamin Robert
Stanton


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 opponent, with a sneer". Wearing a blue rosette on his turban, <mask> was one of three candidates, the others being the "Lord Mayor of King's Gate Prison", with a yellow and blue rosette, and an Irishman, Joseph Meredith, wearing a red rosette, who is being instructed in the art of boxing by Henry Hold, a well-known pugilist. Nothing is recorded of <mask>'s life after 1828, when he was called to the House of Lords to give evidence on a bill to disfranchise Penryn, when his replies, particularly on his relationship with Hawkins, were found to be evasive. He denied  the suggestion that Hawkins had lent him £1,000, stating that no such claim on him had been made, and also denied allegations that he had taken part in election bribery.He said almost all of his expenses had gone on food and drink. Death

After release from prison, <mask> went to live in Trinity Square, Southwark, and died there in May 1833. His daughter Eleanor died in 1835, and both were buried in Bunhill Fields. By his will, which mentions no business interests, <mask> left his son <mask> a house in Fenchurch Street, and his life insurance policies worth £3,000 to his daughters. He left £500 to his wife and two smaller bequests of £50 each to Maria Jane Ashmole, her cousin, and <mask> Wise, his nephew. His wife had a life interest in the residue, to go to his children. His executors included his brother-in-law William Harding, but they  renounced their position.<mask> Haydon later outlined <mask>’s life as follows:

Notes

External links
Mr <mask>, parliament.uk

1793 births
1833 deaths
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Penryn
UK MPs

masks:
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Robert
Robert Stanton
Benjamin Robert
Stanton
Robert Stanton


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<mask> (born 26 June 1962, Srinagar) is one of India's leading thinkers and writers on Modern and Contemporary History, Political science ,International relations. He was awarded Padma Shri by the Government of India in 2009. He is a professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University and honorary professor of international relations at the University of Melbourne. He serves as chairman of the governing board of Miranda House, University of Delhi, the highest-ranked women's college in India. He has also been a member of the Lancet Commission on Adolescent Health and Wellbeing. In 2002, he was the youngest person to be appointed as vice chancellor of a public university in independent India. <mask>'s advice on policy matters has been sought across political parties and across governments, including by Prime Ministers Atal Behari Vajpayee and Dr Manmohan Singh.Until 19 June 2018, he served as Advisor to the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir, with the status of a Cabinet Minister. Following the abrogation of Article 370 of the Constitution of India, he has offered a political roadmap for securing the future of Jammu and Kashmir. He has been a persistent advocate of multiculturalism and of reconciliation between Kashmiri Pandits and Kashmiri Muslims. Family, early life and education

A son of the academic and writer Neerja <mask> and the forester and civil servant Rajendra <mask>, Amitabh received his early education at the Burn Hall School in Srinagar and then at the Jawaharlal Nehru University in New Delhi, following which he married Ajita, a member of the 1987 batch of the Indian Railway Accounts Service. He qualified for the Indian Police Service in 1987 and then IAS in 1988 through the combined civil service exam but preferred a career in academics. He went on to earn a DPhil in International Relations from the University of Oxford, writing a history of the campaign for nuclear disarmament. He describes the ten days of youth that he spent in Tihar jail as part of student protests at JNU as a 'life-shaping experience'.<mask> comes from a well-known and progressive Kashmiri Pandit family of Srinagar, which never left the valley during the years

masks:
Amitabh Mattoo
Mattoo
Mattoo
Kumar Mattoo
Mattoo


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 of conflict. Before the land reforms in Jammu and Kashmir, his family were among the most influential feudal landlords, aristocrats and administrators in the region. Examining the recent social history of his own ethnic group, <mask> remarks:

Career
<mask> has been a visiting professor at Stanford University, the University of Notre Dame, and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He has been Chairperson of the Centre for International Politics, Organization and Disarmament at Jawaharlal Nehru University as well as Founder Director and CEO of the Australia India Institute, University of Melbourne and a member of the National Knowledge Commission, a high-level advisory group to the Prime Minister of India. He has also been a member of the advisory board of India's National Security Council, a member of the Indian Prime Minister's Task Force on Global Strategic Developments, on the executive committee and governing council of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, and a member of the Indian Prime Minister's High-Level Group on Nuclear Disarmament. He also co-chaired the Knowledge Initiative with the Education Minister of Jammu and Kashmir. The Knowledge Initiative was established by the state government to recommend interventions in schools, colleges and institutions of higher learning to make the education system socially relevant and globally competitive.<mask> has published books on India's nuclear policy and India-Pakistan relations and has written on Kashmir. <mask> has published ten books and more than 100 research articles (including in journals like Survival and Asian Survey). He regularly writes for Indian English-language newspapers such as The Telegraph and The Hindu, and has been a liberally inclined political commentator on national television. <mask> became the youngest Vice-Chancellor of the University of Jammu in November 2002 and continued at this position until December 2008. As a patron of the arts, he was responsible for building a world-class auditorium in Jammu University, which also hosts an art gallery and a museum. Leading Indian artists, including the École nationale supérieure des

masks: Mattoo Mattoo Mattoo Mattoo Mattoo


texts: Beaux-Arts-trained Bengali painter Jogen Chowdhury, have donated their work to the gallery. As president of the Jammu and Kashmir chapter of SPIC MACAY, <mask> was responsible for the university becoming a nationally acclaimed centre of culture.<mask>'s attempts at conflict resolution and peace-building (combining theory with practice) have been publicly acclaimed. He was a member of the committee, appointed by the Governor of Jammu and Kashmir in 2008, which negotiated the Amarnath land transfer controversy, a series of political events that had led to uprisings in Jammu and Kashmir. On 26 June 2011, Jammu and Kashmir Chief Minister Omar Abdullah made an open offer to <mask> to return to his home state and 'advise us' in his capacity as a noted political thinker and academic. On 21 August 2015, <mask> was appointed as Advisor to the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir. For over a decade, he chaired the Chaophraya Track 2 Dialogue between India and Pakistan, and is regarded as one of the most creative thinkers on conflict resolution and pathways to build sustainable peace in South Asia. <mask> endorses forgiveness and reconciliation among conflict-embittered South Asian peoples. On 3 February 2011, in a meeting with India's Education Minister Kapil Sibal, <mask> declined to be the Founding Vice-Chancellor of the Central University of Jammu – for which he had been selected by a search committee of eminent academics and approved by the President of India – citing personal reasons.Earlier, he was in the shortlist of three for the Vice-Chancellorship of Jawaharlal Nehru University. On 1 March 2011, the University of Melbourne appointed <mask> as the inaugural director of the Australia India Institute. The chairman of the institute's Board, University of Melbourne Chancellor the Hon. Alex Chernov AO QC (erstwhile Governor of Victoria) announced: "We are delighted to have as Director a person of world-renowned academic and administrative calibre such as Professor <mask>. He has a wealth of experience in areas concerned with university affairs, government and other institutions." <mask> also serves as Professor of International Relations in

masks: Mattoo Mattoo Mattoo Mattoo Mattoo Mattoo Mattoo Mattoo Mattoo


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 the Faculty of Arts at the University of Melbourne. <mask> advocates greater economic and political cooperation between Australia and India.In January 2020, he wrote: "After more than six decades characterised by misperception, lack of trust, neglect, missed opportunities and even hostility, a new chapter in India’s relations with Australia has well and truly begun. Consider this: in 1955, Prime Minister Robert Menzies decided that Australia should not take part in the Bandung Afro-Asian conference. By distancing Australia from the ‘new world’, Menzies (who would later confess that Occidentals did not understand India) alienated Indians, offended Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, and left Australia unsure for decades about its Asian identity. India and Australia should bring this chequered past to a closure, and herald a new united front for the Indo-Pacific." Awards
Recognizing his contribution to education and public life, the President of India honoured <mask> on the occasion of the Republic Day (2008) with the Padma Shri, one of India's highest civilian awards. This was the first time a Vice-chancellor in Jammu and Kashmir had been so honoured. <mask> was awarded the Qimpro Platinum Standard Award (2008) and was recognised as a 'national statesman' for his work in the field of education along with Anand Mahindra, who was awarded for his leadership in business.In 2016, <mask> was awarded a Doctor of Laws (Honoris Causa) degree by the Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Tamil Nadu; and in 2018, the Capital Foundation Award for being an 'outstanding educationist'. <mask> has also received several awards for his contribution to India-Australia relations, including the Asoka Award. References

1962 births
Kashmiri people
University of Notre Dame faculty
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign faculty
Stanford University faculty
Jawaharlal Nehru University faculty
Living people
Jawaharlal Nehru University alumni
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature & education
People from Srinagar
Indian foreign policy writers
Scholars of Indian foreign policy
Scholars from Jammu and


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<mask> AC (née Hood; 20 June 1938 – 1 June 2015) was an Australian politician who was the 42nd Premier of Victoria, serving from 1990 to 1992. A Labor Party member of the Parliament of Victoria from 1982 to 1994, she was a member of the Legislative Council before later winning a seat in the Legislative Assembly. <mask> was a minister and briefly deputy premier in the government of John Cain Jr., and succeeded him as premier following his resignation. She was Australia's third female head of government and second female premier, Victoria's first, and held the position until her party was defeated in a landslide at the 1992 state election. Early life and career
Born <mask> in Essendon, Melbourne, the only child of John Keith and Beryl Edith (née Cole) Hood, a fitter and turner and music teacher respectively, <mask> was educated at state and private schools. She graduated in arts from the University of Melbourne, and completed a teaching qualification. She taught in state schools and became active in school and parents' organisations.In 1960 she married <mask>, with whom she had three children. She was President of the Victorian Federation of States School Parents' Clubs, an influential education lobby from 1971 to 1977 and its executive officer from 1978 to 1982. She was appointed to several government advisory bodies on education. Entry into state politics
<mask> joined the Labor Party in 1978 and became a member of its Socialist Left faction. In 1982, she was elected as a Labor member of the Victorian Legislative Council, the upper house of the Victorian Parliament. In 1985, she was elected to the Cabinet of John Cain Jr's Labor government and became Minister for Conservation, Forests and Lands. She proposed the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988, the first Australian legislation which gave legal protection of rare species.While Minister, and in association with Heather Mitchell from

masks:
Joan Elizabeth Kirner
Kirner
Joan Elizabeth Hood
Kirner
Ron Kirner
Kirner


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 the Victorian Farmers' Federation, <mask> was instrumental in the formation of the first Landcare groups. At the 1988 election, <mask> shifted to the Legislative Assembly, becoming MP for Williamstown, and was promoted to the Education portfolio. In this portfolio <mask> carried out a series of controversial reforms aimed at reducing what Kirner saw as the class-based inequity of the education system, culminating in a new system of assessment, the Victorian Certificate of Education. Premiership
Later in 1988 <mask> was elected deputy leader of the party and became Deputy Premier of Victoria. When Cain resigned after a collapse in his political support in August 1990, <mask> was elected Labor leader and thus became Victoria's first female Premier. By this time the Labor government was in deep crisis, with some of the state's financial institutions on the brink of insolvency, the budget deficit unsustainably high and growing and the Labor Party deeply divided on how to respond to the situation. The party hoped that the elevation of a popular woman as its new leader would improve its position, but <mask> never succeeded in gaining control of the crisis into which the state had plunged.The conservative-leaning Melbourne newspaper, the Herald Sun, reacted unfavorably to a Premier from the Socialist Left, dubbing her "Mother Russia". She was lampooned alternatively as a sinister commissar and as a frumpy housewife in a polka dot dress. She seemed unfazed by the Herald Sun and gradually won some respect, though she was unable to improve the government's standing significantly. During 1991 and 1992 <mask> took several decisions to cut government spending and raise revenue to some extent, however her government failed to cut spending in many areas including education. Most of the <mask> Government attempts to cut spending were actively opposed by trade unions and some members of the

masks: Kirner Kirner Kirner Kirner Kirner Kirner Kirner Kirner


texts: government. The interest bill alone was $3.5 billion per year, the government sold off trains and trams and leased them back. Another decision was the sale of the state-owned State Bank of Victoria to the Commonwealth Bank in 1991.<mask> went into 1992 knowing she faced a statutory general election, one which opinion polls gave her virtually no chance of winning. She waited as long as she could, finally calling an election for October. It was obvious as soon as the writs were dropped that Labor would not win a fourth term. Although she remained personally more popular than the Liberal Opposition Leader, Jeff Kennett, it was not nearly enough to overcome Victorians' growing anger at Labor. The Coalition's "Guilty Party" campaign did much to stoke this anger, targeting many Ministers in the <mask> Government and providing examples of concerns in their portfolios. The campaign attracted controversy with ALP ads stating that if the Liberals won the election it would institute the same policies that were implemented in New Zealand by the then Fourth National Government. New Zealand Prime Minister Jim Bolger responded in reference to the campaign, "You know, they say that the show’s never over until the fat lady sings.Well, I think it was her we heard warming up in the wings this week". The "fat lady" was in reference to <mask> being overweight. Bolger refused to apologize for this remark citing that he himself was overweight and did not want to make "an international incident" out of it. It did, however, anger women from Bolger's own National Party. The Coalition won the election in a landslide, scoring a 19-seat swing—the second-worst defeat that a sitting government has ever suffered in Victoria. The Liberals actually won enough seats that they could have governed in their own right. <mask> remained Opposition Leader for a short period before resigning.She retired from Parliament in 1994

masks: Kirner Kirner Kirner Kirner


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 and was succeeded by one of her former aides for the electorate of Williamstown, future premier Steve Bracks. A portrait of Kirner painted by Adelaide artist Annette Bezor in 1994 hangs in Queen's Hall at Parliament House Victoria. Life after Parliament

After leaving Parliament, <mask> remained active in community affairs and politics. Initially this led her to a leading role in the Landcare movement. Subsequently, she devoted her energies to the Australian affiliate of EMILY's List Australia, an organisation which promotes pro-choice women's careers in politics. <mask> was one of the leaders of the movement in the Labor Party to adopt a policy of setting targets for the number of women candidates in winnable electorates. She repeatedly publicly supported candidates identified with her Socialist Left faction.From January 2006, <mask> was the Chair of the Ministerial Advisory Committee for Victorian Communities. <mask> was also a board member of Museum Victoria, operators of Melbourne Museum, Royal Exhibition Building, Scienceworks Museum and Immigration Museum, Melbourne. <mask> was a long-time advocate of abortion law reform to legalise abortion. She was an avid supporter of the Essendon Football Club. In 1993, she famously appeared on The Late Show with colleague David White, MLC for Doutta Galla, in a musical skit performing <mask>'s "I Love Rock 'n' Roll". This brief performance was covered nationally by the media. In an August 2009 interview with GTV-9, <mask> revealed that she had suffered a heavy near-fatal fall at a meeting 18 months earlier.She also revealed that she had osteoporosis and was blind in one eye. Death
In August 2013 it was announced that <mask> had been diagnosed with oesophageal cancer and was undergoing chemotherapy and radiation treatment. <mask> died on 1 June 2015, 19 days short of her 77th birthday. Honours
On 26 January 1980, she was named a Member of

masks:
Kirner
Kirner
Kirner
Kirner
Kirner
Joan Jett
Kirner
Kirner
Kirner


texts:
 the Order of Australia for her community service. On 1 January 2001, <mask> was awarded the Centenary Medal. On 11 June 2012, she was named a Companion of the Order of Australia for "eminent service to the Parliament of Victoria and to the community through conservation initiatives, contributions to gender equality, the development of education and training programs and the pursuit of civil rights and social inclusion." In May 2017 the Victorian Government recognised her legacy by offering 25 scholarships to young women, who will participate in the <mask> Young and Emerging Women Leaders program.In May 2019, the new specialist maternity and paediatric centre at Sunshine Hospital was named the <mask> Kirner Women's and Children's Hospital. One of two tunnel boring machines (TBM) to be utilised on the Metro Tunnel project is named <mask>, in honour of <mask>. This TBM was officially launched on 15 August 2019. See also
 List of female heads of government in Australia

References

External links
 <mask>, <mask> in The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia

1938 births
2015 deaths
Premiers of Victoria
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Victoria
Deputy Premiers of Victoria
Politicians from Melbourne
University of Melbourne alumni
Members of the Victorian Legislative Council
Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
Companions of the Order of Australia
Recipients of the Centenary Medal
Leaders of the Opposition in Victoria (Australia)
People educated at University High School, Melbourne
Deaths from cancer in Victoria (Australia)
Deaths from esophageal cancer
20th-century Australian politicians
20th-century Australian women politicians
Women heads of government of Australian states and territories
Women members of the Victorian Legislative Council
Women members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
People educated at Penleigh and Essendon

masks:
Kirner
Joan Kirner
Joan
Joan
Kirner
Kirner
Joan Elizabeth


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Seymour "<mask><mask> (March 4, 1907 – August 24, 1948) was an American actor who appeared in 37 Three Stooges short subjects, mostly as a heavy, though he was never credited in any Stooge shorts. Career
Brooklyn-born <mask> was born Seymour Schindel in 1907. He was a former middleweight boxer with 19 fights from 1926 to 1928. He was later bitten by the acting bug, and found work as an extra at Columbia Studios, most notably appearing with comedy team the Three Stooges. A skilled stuntman, <mask> performed many pratfalls himself. His ability to deliver straight, tough dialogue ("youse mugs") made him a natural for parts as heavies. Shorts like Calling All Curs, Nutty But Nice and Fright Night gave <mask> a chance to bully the Stooges around to great effect.In Matri-Phony and Fright Night the ex-pugilist was knocked cold by the trio, only to have the Stooges (concealed behind a curtain) maneuver the unconscious <mask> like a puppet (when Fright Night was remade in 1955 as Fling in the Ring, this footage was reused). <mask> also memorably played Chizzilini, a parody of Benito Mussolini, in the short I'll Never Heil Again. In addition to his work in Three Stooges shorts, <mask> also appeared briefly in It's a Wonderful Life as the bouncer at Nick's, and made numerous film appearances playing mainly blue collar roles such as a truck driver, a butcher and a policeman. Military service and illness
Schindell enlisted in the United States Marine Corps during the 1920s

masks:
Cy
" Schindell
Schindell
Schindell
Schindell
Schindell
Schindell
Schindell


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 and returned to active service for World War II. While on Guadalcanal, he developed a severe case of jungle rot, which eventually developed into terminal cancer. Knowing he was dying, Schindell worked constantly during his illness to assure his family would be financially secure after his death. <mask> died on August 24, 1948, at age 41, and was buried at Los Angeles National Cemetery, Los Angeles, California.His final film appearance was in 1948's Three Stooges film Crime on Their Hands; heavy makeup was used to mask Schindell's cancer-ridden face. Selected filmography

 Fugitive Lady (1934) - Man (uncredited)
 Murder in the Clouds (1934) - Man at Shooting Gallery (uncredited)
 Stranded (1935) - Bridge Worker (uncredited)
 The Farmer Takes a Wife (1935) - Fight Spectator (uncredited)
 Undersea Kingdom (1936, Serial) - Khan's Guardsman (uncredited)
 Fury (1936) - Townsman (uncredited)
 Bullets or Ballots (1936) - Bookie Who Throws Bag (uncredited)
 The Big Noise (1936) - Schmidt's Henchman (uncredited)
 Two-Fisted Gentleman (1936) - Mahoney
 Dizzy Doctors (1937, Short) - Dr. (1939) - Barker (uncredited)
 The Shadow (1940, Serial) - Streeter (uncredited)
 Rockin' thru the Rockies (1940, Short) - Indian (uncredited)
 Half a Sinner (1940) - Mugg (uncredited)
 Terry and the Pirates (1940, Serial) - Henchman Morgan (uncredited)
 Grandpa Goes to Town (1940) - Smokey
 Men Without Souls (1940) - Harry (uncredited)
 Nutty But Nice (1940, Short) - Butch - Kidnapper


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 (uncredited)
 Millionaires in Prison (1940) - Red Vernon (uncredited)
 How High Is Up? (1940, Short) - Workman with Blake (uncredited)
 The Secret Seven (1940) - Felton (uncredited)
 From Nurse to Worse (1940, Short) - Policeman (uncredited)
 The Leather Pushers (1940) - Referee (uncredited)
 Angels Over Broadway (1940) - Jack (uncredited)
 So You Won't Talk (1940) - Truck Driver (uncredited)
 The Green Archer (1940, Serial) - Darcy (uncredited)
 The Great Plane Robbery (1940) - Hood (uncredited)
 Mysterious Doctor Satan (1940, Serial) - Jake - Biplane Pilot [Ch. 2] (uncredited)
 Boobs in Arms (1940, Short) - Enemy Soldier (uncredited)
 The Face Behind the Mask (1941) - Benson
 The Devil Commands (1941) - Karl
 The Monster and the Girl (1941) - Henchman (uncredited)
 Knockout (1941) - Hawkins Fight Referee (uncredited)
 Penny Serenade (1941) - Elmer - the Bootlegger (uncredited)
 The Spider Returns (1941, Serial) - Henchman Brown [Ch. 1] (uncredited)
 I'll Never Heil Again (1941, Short) - Chizzilini (uncredited)
 The Iron Claw (1941, Serial) - Henchman Red (uncredited)
 No Greater Sin (1941) - Scaturo's Henchman (uncredited)
 Dick Tracy vs. Crime, Inc. (1941, Serial) - Plant Heavy 8 (uncredited)
 A Yank on the Burma Road (1942) - A Spinaldi Brother (uncredited)
 Jail House Blues (1942) - Prisoner (uncredited)
 Woman of the Year (1942) - Pinkie's Listener in Bar (uncredited)
 Spy Smasher (1942, Serial) - Raygun Thug's Henchman [Ch. 7] (uncredited)
 What's the


texts:
<mask>, 1st Baronet,  (; 13 August 1819 – 1 February 1903) was an Irish English physicist and mathematician. Born in County Sligo, Ireland, Stokes spent all of his career at the University of Cambridge, where he was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics from 1849 until his death in 1903. As a physicist, Stokes made seminal contributions to fluid mechanics, including the Navier–Stokes equations and to physical optics, with notable works on polarization and fluorescence. As a mathematician, he popularised "Stokes' theorem" in vector calculus and contributed to the theory of asymptotic expansions. Stokes, along with Felix Hoppe-Seyler, first demonstrated the oxygen transport function of hemoglobin and showed color changes produced by aeration of hemoglobin solutions. Stokes was made a baronet (hereditary knight) by the British monarch in 1889. In 1893 he received the Royal Society's Copley Medal, then the most prestigious scientific prize in the world, "for his researches and discoveries in physical science".He represented Cambridge University in the British House of Commons from 1887 to 1892, sitting as a Conservative. Stokes also served as president of the Royal Society from 1885 to 1890 and was briefly the Master of Pembroke College, Cambridge. Biography
<mask> was the youngest son of the Reverend Gabriel Stokes (died 1834), a clergyman in the Church of Ireland who served as rector of Skreen, in County Sligo and his wife Elizabeth Haughton, daughter of the Reverend John Haughton. Stokes home life was strongly influenced by his father's evangelical Protestantism: three of his brothers entered the Church,  of whom the most eminent was John Whitley Stokes, Archdeacon of

masks:
Sir George Gabriel Stokes
George Stokes


texts:
 Armagh. John and <mask>  were always close,
and <mask>  lived with John while  attending school in Dublin. Of all his  family  he was closest to his sister Elizabeth. Their mother was remembered in the  family as "beautiful  but
very stern".After attending schools in Skreen, Dublin, and Bristol, in 1837 Stokes matriculated at Pembroke College, Cambridge. Four years later he graduated as senior wrangler and first Smith's prizeman, achievements that earned him election of a fellow of the college. In accordance with the college statutes, Stokes had to resign the fellowship when he married in 1857. Twelve years later, under new statutes, he was re-elected to the fellowship and he retained that place until 1902, when on the day before his 83rd birthday, he was elected as the college's Master. Stokes did not hold that position for long, for he died at Cambridge on 1 February the following year, and was buried in the Mill Road cemetery. There is also a memorial to him in the north aisle at Westminster Abbey. Career
In 1849, Stokes was appointed to the Lucasian professorship of mathematics at Cambridge, a position he held until his death in 1903.On 1 June 1899, the jubilee of this appointment was celebrated there in a ceremony, which was attended by numerous delegates from European and American universities. A commemorative gold medal was presented to Stokes by the chancellor of the university and marble busts of Stokes by Hamo Thornycroft were formally offered to Pembroke College and to the university by Lord Kelvin. Stokes, who was made a baronet in 1889, further served his university by representing it in parliament from 1887 to 1892 as one of the two members for the

masks: George George


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 Cambridge University constituency. During a portion of this period (1885–1890) he also was president of the Royal Society, of which he had been one of the secretaries since 1854. Since he was also Lucasian Professor at this time, Stokes was the first person to hold all three positions simultaneously; Newton held the same three, although not at the same time. Stokes was the oldest of the trio of natural philosophers, James Clerk Maxwell and Lord Kelvin being the other two, who especially contributed to the fame of the Cambridge school of mathematical physics in the middle of the 19th century. Stokes's original work began about 1840, and from that date onwards the great extent of his output was less remarkable only than the brilliance of its quality.The Royal Society's catalogue of scientific papers gives the titles of over a hundred memoirs by him published down to 1883. Some of these are only brief notes, others are short controversial or corrective statements, but many are long and elaborate treatises. Contributions to science

In scope, his work covered a wide range of physical inquiry but, as Marie Alfred Cornu remarked in his Rede Lecture of 1899, the greater part of it was concerned with waves and the transformations imposed on them during their passage through various media. Fluid dynamics
His first published papers, which appeared in 1842 and 1843, were on the steady motion of incompressible fluids and some cases of fluid motion. These were followed in 1845 by one on the friction of fluids in motion and the equilibrium and motion of elastic solids, and in 1850 by another on the effects of the internal friction of fluids on the motion of pendulums. To the


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 theory of sound he made several contributions, including a discussion of the effect of wind on the intensity of sound and an explanation of how the intensity is influenced by the nature of the gas in which the sound is produced. These inquiries together put the science of fluid dynamics on a new footing, and provided a key not only to the explanation of many natural phenomena, such as the suspension of clouds in air, and the subsidence of ripples and waves in water, but also to the solution of practical problems, such as the flow of water in rivers and channels, and the skin resistance of ships.Creeping flow

His work on fluid motion and viscosity led to his calculating the terminal velocity for a sphere falling in a viscous medium. This became known as Stokes' law. He derived an expression for the frictional force (also called drag force) exerted on spherical objects with very small Reynolds numbers. His work is the basis of the falling sphere viscometer, in which the fluid is stationary in a vertical glass tube. A sphere of known size and density is allowed to descend through the liquid. If correctly selected, it reaches terminal velocity, which can be measured by the time it takes to pass two marks on the tube. Electronic sensing can be used for opaque fluids.Knowing the terminal velocity, the size and density of the sphere, and the density of the liquid, Stokes's law can be used to calculate the viscosity of the fluid. A series of steel ball bearings of different diameter is normally used in the classic experiment to improve the accuracy of the calculation. The school experiment uses glycerine as the fluid, and the technique is used industrially to check the


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 viscosity of fluids used in processes. The same theory explains why small water droplets (or ice crystals) can remain suspended in air (as clouds) until they grow to a critical size and start falling as rain (or snow and hail). Similar use of the equation can be made in the settlement of fine particles in water or other fluids. The CGS unit of kinematic viscosity was named "stokes" in recognition of his work. Light

Perhaps his best-known researches are those which deal with the wave theory of light.His optical work began at an early period in his scientific career. His first papers on the aberration of light appeared in 1845 and 1846, and were followed in 1848 by one on the theory of certain bands seen in the spectrum. In 1849 he published a long paper on the dynamical theory of diffraction, in which he showed that the plane of polarisation must be perpendicular to the direction of propagation. Two years later he discussed the colours of thick plates. Stokes also investigated <mask>'s mathematical description of rainbows. Airy's findings involved an integral that was awkward to evaluate. Stokes expressed the integral as a divergent series, which were little understood.However, by cleverly truncating the series (i.e., ignoring all except the first few terms of the series), Stokes obtained an accurate approximation to the integral that was far easier to evaluate than the integral itself. Stokes's research on asymptotic series led to fundamental insights about such series. Fluorescence

In 1852, in his famous paper on the change of wavelength of light, he described the phenomenon of fluorescence, as exhibited by fluorspar and uranium glass, materials which he viewed as


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 having the power to convert invisible ultra-violet radiation into radiation of longer wavelengths that are visible. The Stokes shift, which describes this conversion, is named in Stokes's honour. A mechanical model, illustrating the dynamical principle of Stokes's explanation was shown. The offshoot of this, Stokes line, is the basis of Raman scattering. In 1883, during a lecture at the Royal Institution, Lord Kelvin said he had heard an account of it from Stokes many years before, and had repeatedly but vainly begged him to publish it.Polarization

In the same year, 1852, there appeared the paper on the composition and resolution of streams of polarised light from different sources, and in 1853 an investigation of the metallic reflection exhibited by certain non-metallic substances. The research was to highlight the phenomenon of light polarisation. About 1860 he was engaged in an inquiry on the intensity of light reflected from, or transmitted through, a pile of plates; and in 1862 he prepared for the British Association a valuable report on double refraction, a phenomenon where certain crystals show different refractive indices along different axes. Perhaps the best known crystal is Iceland spar, transparent calcite crystals. A paper on the long spectrum of the electric light bears the same date, and was followed by an inquiry into the absorption spectrum of blood. Chemical analysis
The chemical identification of organic bodies by their optical properties was treated in 1864; and later, in conjunction with the Rev. William Vernon Harcourt, he investigated the relation between the chemical composition and the optical properties of various glasses, with reference to


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 the conditions of transparency and the improvement of achromatic telescopes.A still later paper connected with the construction of optical instruments discussed the theoretical limits to the aperture of microscope objectives. Other work

In other departments of physics may be mentioned his paper on the conduction of heat in crystals (1851) and his inquiries in connection with Crookes radiometer; his explanation of the light border frequently noticed in photographs just outside the outline of a dark body seen against the sky (1882); and, still later, his theory of the x-rays, which he suggested might be transverse waves travelling as innumerable solitary waves, not in regular trains. Two long papers published in 1849 – one on attractions and Clairaut's theorem, and the other on the variation of gravity at the surface of the earth (1849) – Stokes' gravity formula—also demand notice, as do his mathematical memoirs on the critical values of sums of periodic series (1847) and on the numerical calculation of a class of definite integrals and infinite series (1850) and his discussion of a differential equation relating to the breaking of railway bridges (1849), research related to his evidence given to the Royal Commission on the Use of Iron in Railway structures after the Dee Bridge disaster of 1847. Unpublished research
Many of Stokes' discoveries were not published, or were only touched upon in the course of his oral lectures. One such example is his work in the theory of spectroscopy. In his presidential address to the British Association in 1871, Lord Kelvin stated his belief that the application of the prismatic analysis of light to solar and stellar chemistry had


texts: never been suggested directly or indirectly by anyone else when Stokes taught it to him at Cambridge University some time prior to the summer of 1852, and he set forth the conclusions, theoretical and practical, which he learnt from Stokes at that time, and which he afterwards gave regularly in his public lectures at Glasgow. These statements, containing as they do the physical basis on which spectroscopy rests, and the way in which it is applicable to the identification of substances existing in the sun and stars, make it appear that Stokes anticipated Kirchhoff by at least seven or eight years.Stokes, however, in a letter published some years after the delivery of this address, stated that he had failed to take one essential step in the argument—not perceiving that emission of light of definite wavelength not merely permitted, but necessitated, absorption of light of the same wavelength. He modestly disclaimed "any part of Kirchhoff's admirable discovery," adding that he felt some of his friends had been over-zealous in his cause. It must be said, however, that English men of science have not accepted this disclaimer in all its fullness, and still attribute to Stokes the credit of having first enunciated the fundamental principles of spectroscopy. In another way, too, Stokes did much for the progress of mathematical physics. Soon after he was elected to the Lucasian chair he announced that he regarded it as part of his professional duties to help any member of the university in difficulties he might encounter in his mathematical studies, and the assistance rendered was so real that pupils were glad to consult him, even after they had become colleagues, on


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 mathematical and physical problems in which they found themselves at a loss. Then during the thirty years he acted as secretary of the Royal Society he exercised an enormous if inconspicuous influence on the advancement of mathematical and physical science, not only directly by his own investigations, but indirectly by suggesting problems for inquiry and inciting men to attack them, and by his readiness to give encouragement and help. Contributions to engineering

Stokes was involved in several investigations into railway accidents, especially the Dee Bridge disaster in May 1847, and he served as a member of the subsequent Royal Commission into the use of cast iron in railway structures.He contributed to the calculation of the forces exerted by moving engines on bridges. The bridge failed because a cast iron beam was used to support the loads of passing trains. Cast iron is brittle in tension or bending, and many other similar bridges had to be demolished or reinforced. He appeared as an expert witness at the Tay Bridge disaster, where he gave evidence about the effects of wind loads on the bridge. The centre section of the bridge (known as the High Girders) was completely destroyed during a storm on 28 December 1879, while an express train was in the section, and everyone aboard died (more than 75 victims). The Board of Inquiry listened to many expert witnesses, and concluded that the bridge was "badly designed, badly built and badly maintained". As a result of his evidence, he was appointed a member of the subsequent Royal Commission into the effect of wind pressure on structures.The effects of high winds on large structures had been neglected at that time, and the


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 commission conducted a series of measurements across Britain to gain an appreciation of wind speeds during storms, and the pressures they exerted on exposed surfaces. Work on religion

Stokes generally held conservative religious values and beliefs. In 1886, he became president of the Victoria Institute, which had been founded to defend evangelical Christian principles against challenges from the new sciences, especially the Darwinian theory of biological evolution. He gave the 1891 Gifford lecture on natural theology. He was also the vice-president of the British and Foreign Bible Society and was actively involved in doctrinal debates concerning missionary work. However, although his religious views were mostly orthodox, he was unusual among Victorian evangelicals in rejecting eternal punishment in hell, and instead was a proponent of Conditionalism. As President of the Victoria Institute, Stokes wrote: "We all admit that the book of Nature and the book of Revelation come alike from God, and that consequently there can be no real discrepancy between the two if rightly interpreted.The provisions of Science and Revelation are, for the most part, so distinct that there is little chance of collision. But if an apparent discrepancy should arise, we have no right on principle, to exclude either in favour of the other. For however firmly convinced we may be of the truth of revelation, we must admit our liability to err as to the extent or interpretation of what is revealed; and however strong the scientific evidence in favour of a theory may be, we must remember that we are dealing with evidence which, in its nature, is probable only, and it is conceivable that wider


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 scientific knowledge might lead us to alter our opinion". Personal life
He married, on 4 July 1857 at St Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh, Mary Susanna Robinson, daughter of the astronomer Rev Thomas Romney Robinson. They had five children: Arthur Romney, who inherited the baronetcy; Susanna Elizabeth, who died in infancy; Isabella Lucy (Mrs Laurence Humphry) who contributed the personal memoir of her father in "Memoir and Scientific Correspondence of the Late <mask> Stokes, Bart"; Dr <mask> Gabriel, physician, a troubled man who committed suicide aged 30 whilst temporarily insane; and Dora Susanna, who died in infancy. His male line and hence his baronetcy is extinct but through the female line he is survived by one great great grandson, one great great granddaughter, and three great great great grandchildren. Legacy and honours

Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University
From the Royal Society, of which he became a fellow in 1851, he received the Rumford Medal in 1852 in recognition of his inquiries into the wavelength of light, and later, in 1893, the Copley Medal.In 1869 he presided over the Exeter meeting of the British Association. From 1883 to 1885 he was Burnett lecturer at Aberdeen, his lectures on light, which were published in 1884–1887, dealing with its nature, its use as a means of investigation, and its beneficial effects. On 18 April 1888 he was admitted as a Freeman of the City of London. On 6 July 1889 Queen Victoria made him a Baronet as <mask> Gabriel Stokes of Lensfield Cottage in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom; the title became extinct in 1916. In 1891, as Gifford lecturer, he published a volume on Natural Theology. Member of the

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 Prussian Order Pour le Mérite
His academic distinctions included honorary degrees from many universities, including
Doctor mathematicae (honoris causa) from the Royal Frederick University on 6 September 1902, when they celebrated the centennial of the birth of mathematician Niels Henrik Abel. The stokes, a unit of kinematic viscosity, is named after him.In July 2017, Dublin City University named a building after Stokes in recognition of his contributions to physics and mathematics. Publications
Stokes's mathematical and physical papers (see external links) were published in a collected form in five volumes; the first three (Cambridge, 1880, 1883, and 1901) under his own editorship, and the two last (Cambridge, 1904 and 1905) under that of Sir Joseph Larmor, who also selected and arranged the Memoir and Scientific Correspondence of Stokes published at Cambridge in 1907. See also
Stokes flow

References

Further reading
Wilson, David B., Kelvin and Stokes A Comparative Study in Victorian Physics, (1987)

Peter R Lewis, Beautiful Railway Bridge of the Silvery Tay: Reinvestigating the Tay Bridge Disaster of 1879, Tempus (2004). PR Lewis, Disaster on the Dee: Robert Stephenson's Nemesis of 1847, Tempus Publishing (2007)
 <mask> Stokes: Life, Science and Faith Edited by Mark McCartney, Andrew Whitaker, and Alastair Wood, Oxford University Press, 2019. External links

 Biography on Dublin City University Web site
  (1907), ed. by J. Larmor
 Mathematical and physical papers volume 1 and volume 2 from the Internet Archive
 Mathematical and physical papers, volumes 1 to 5 from the University of Michigan Digital Collection. Life and work of Stokes
 Natural Theology


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 (1891), Adam and Charles Black.(1891–93 Gifford Lectures)

1819 births
1903 deaths
People from County Sligo
19th-century Anglo-Irish people
Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge
Fellows of Pembroke College, Cambridge
Masters of Pembroke College, Cambridge
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Irish mathematicians
Irish physicists
British physicists
Optical physicists
19th-century British mathematicians
Fluid dynamicists
Irish Anglicans
Lucasian Professors of Mathematics
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the University of Cambridge
Fellows of the Royal Society
Presidents of the Royal Society
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
UK MPs 1886–1892
Viscosity
Recipients of the Copley Medal
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
Senior


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<mask> (; born 3 September 1988, in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria) is a Spanish former professional tennis player. A former top 10 singles player, she reached a career-high singles ranking of world No. 6 on 29 February 2016, and a best WTA doubles ranking of 11, on 27 April 2015, and won two singles and three doubles titles on the WTA Tour. She first came to prominence by reaching the quarterfinals of the 2008 French Open as a qualifier, in what was her first appearance in the main draw of a Grand Slam tournament. That year she also began representing Spain in the 2008 Fed Cup. She reached another six Grand Slam quarterfinals in her career. These events were the 2009 Australian Open, where she defeated Venus Williams en route, the 2013 US Open, where she lost to eventual champion Serena Williams, the 2014 French Open, where she lost in three sets to Eugenie Bouchard, the 2016 Australian Open, where she lost to Agnieszka Radwańska, the 2018 Australian Open, where she was defeated by eventual champion Caroline Wozniacki, and the 2018 US Open, where she lost to Madison Keys.In September 2020, she was diagnosed with Hodgkin Lymphoma just months after announcing her retirement from tennis. The following year, she was declared cancer-free and returned to the tour. Early life
<mask> <mask> was born in the Canary Islands to handball player José Luís <mask> and former gymnast Lali <mask>. She started playing tennis when she was nine and moved to Barcelona in 2007 in order to train at the Pro-Ab Team Tennis Academy. She admires Steffi Graf, Lleyton Hewitt, Justine Henin and Michael Jordan. Career

2008–2009

At the French Open, <mask> <mask> reached the quarterfinals of her first

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 Grand Slam main-draw tournament. After three qualifying matches she defeated former world No.1, Amélie Mauresmo, in the second round 6–3, 6–4, Australian Casey Dellacqua in the third round, and 26th-seeded Italian Flavia Pennetta in the fourth round 6–3, 6–2. <mask> <mask> then lost to third-seeded Jelena Janković in the quarterfinals 3–6, 2–6. At Wimbledon, she lost to second-seeded Janković in the second round 1–6, 3–6. <mask> <mask> reached the second Grand Slam quarterfinal of her career at the 2009 Australian Open before being defeated by Elena Dementieva, 6–2, 6–2. She upset Venus Williams in the second round 2–6, 6–3, 7–5. This was her first win over a top-10 player. In March, <mask> <mask> reached her first final on the WTA Tour at the Andalucia Tennis Experience, a clay court event in Marbella, Spain.She lost to Jelena Janković in the final 3–6, 6–3, 3–6. At Roland Garros seeded 22, she defeated Edina Gallovits 6–1, 6–4 and Lucie Hradecká 6–2, 6–4, before losing to Victoria Azarenka in the third round 7–5, 5–7, 2–6. At Wimbledon, <mask> <mask> defeated No. 25 Kaia Kanepi in the first round and Ekaterina Makarova in the second. She faced defending champion Venus Williams for the first time since the 2009 Australian Open but was unable to repeat the upset win, losing 0–6, 4–6. 2010
<mask> <mask> had a good start to 2010, making the second round of the Auckland Open before losing to top seed Flavia Pennetta, in straight sets. She then made the quarterfinal of the Hobart International losing to No.2 seed Shahar Pe'er in a close three-setter. At the Australian Open, <mask> <mask> made it to the third round before losing to top seed, the defending (and eventual)

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 champion Serena Williams, 0–6, 3–6. She was upset in the first round of the Copa Colsanitas by world No. 198, Kristina Antoniychuk, 1–6, 4–6, then made it to the semifinals of the Mexican Open in Acapulco before losing to Polona Hercog 3–6, 5–7. Unseeded at the Indian Wells Open, <mask> <mask> reached the fourth round, losing to Alisa Kleybanova 6–2, 6–7, 4–6. Along the way, she gained one of the biggest wins of her career by defeating world No. 3 and top seed Svetlana Kuznetsova, 6–4, 4–6, 6–1 in the second round.She reached the final of the Andalucia Tennis Experience in Marbella for the second year in a row, losing to Flavia Pennetta 2–6, 6–4, 3–6. Suarez <mask> suffered an ankle injury at the tournament in Fes, Morocco. She returned to play in the French Open, losing her first-round match to Olga Govortsova 6–7, 1–6, she remained sidelined until the US Open. 2011
<mask> began the season at Auckland. As the ninth seed, she was upset in round two by Heather Watson. She also lost early in Hobart to Alberta Brianti. Going into the Australian Open, she defeated American Christina McHale by 4–6, 6–3, 6–4; but lost to eventual titlist Kim Clijsters of Belgium in the following round.Next she represented Spain at the Fed Cup against Estonia in Tallinn, where she had a 1–1 record; getting past Anett Kontaveit but falling to Kaia Kanepi. Then, <mask> followed an early loss in Paris with a semifinal and a quarterfinal, in Bogotá and Acapulco, respectively. An elbow injury caused her to stop playing for two and a half months and withdraw from Roland Garros. She returned to the competition at the Open de Marseille, where she beat Sun Shengnan and Aleksandra Wozniak to make the

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 quarterfinals, but was beaten by home crowd favourite Pauline Parmentier. She failed to qualify for Wimbledon, losing to Ekaterina Ivanova in round two. In early September, <mask> reached round four of the US Open for the first time, defeating Mathilde Johansson, Simona Halep and compatriot Silvia Soler Espinosa. However, her run was ended by Andrea Petkovic.2012: Olympics debut
<mask> <mask> was impressive in the French Open, reaching the third round. In the first round, <mask> <mask> comfortably beat Tamarine Tanasugarn, 6–0, 6–2. In the second round she faced Sesil Karatantcheva of Kazakhstan, and beat her 4–6, 6–4, 6–1. In the third round she lost to Yaroslava Shvedova, also from Kazakhstan, 6–4, 7–5, who had just returned from an injury. At Wimbledon <mask> <mask> only made it to the first round, but it was against fifth seed Samantha Stosur of Australia, she was defeated 1–6, 3–6. At the Italiacom Open, she reached the quarterfinals, losing to Laura Robson 4–6, 6–2, 3–6. At the London Olympics, she beat Samantha Stosur in a thrilling first-round match, 3–6, 7–5, 10–8, avenging her first round defeat to the Australian at Wimbledon the previous month.2015: Top 10 ranking
At the Australian Open she lost in the first round to Carina Witthöft in straight sets. At the Indian Wells Open, she reached the quarterfinals before losing to Simona Halep in three sets. Her good form on the U.S. hardcourts continued with a run to her first Premier Mandatory final at Miami. She defeated Agnieszka Radwańska, Venus Williams and Andrea Petkovic before losing, 2–6, 0–6, in the final to Serena Williams. Despite this defeat she entered the top ten of the world rankings for the first

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 time in her career. Another good run at the Madrid Open resulted in a quarterfinal defeat to Williams, again in straight sets. In Rome at the Internazionali BNL d'Italia she reached her first final at Premier 5 level.She recorded three victories over top ten players at the same event for the first time, with victories over Eugenie Bouchard, Petra Kvitová and Simona Halep before losing to Maria Sharapova in three sets. At the French Open she was seeded eighth. She lost to Jelena Ostapenko in the first round of Wimbledon that year, and her results for the rest of the year were inauspicious apart from reaching the quarterfinals in Moscow in October and a crushing 6–0, 6–0 victory over an injured Andrea Petkovic at Zhuhai in November. <mask> ended the year ranked 13th. 2016: Australian Open quarterfinal, top 10 return, first Premier 5 title, career-high ranking as world No. 6
<mask> <mask> made a good start to the year. She reached the semifinals at Brisbane, losing to Angelique Kerber, and the quarterfinals of the Australian Open, losing to Agnieszka Radwańska.As a result, she moved back up to world No. 8 on February 1. She then defeated Jelena Janković in Spain's Fed Cup tie against Serbia. At the Dubai Tennis Championships, she received a first round bye but fell to eventual semifinalist Caroline Garcia. Her next tournament was the Qatar Open where she also received a first-round bye and defeated Donna Vekić, Timea Bacsinszky, Elena Vesnina and Agnieszka Radwańska en route to the final, ensuring a new career-high ranking of world No. 6. She then avenged her first round loss to Jelena Ostapenko in the previous year's Wimbledon with a three set win over Ostapenko,

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 earning her first Premier title and her biggest title to date.At the 2016 Summer Olympics, she reached the third round, beating Ana Ivanovic and Ana Konjuh. 2021: Comeback and retirement farewell tour
In April 2021, <mask> <mask> announced that her cancer was in complete remission, and that she would commence a farewell tour beginning at Roland-Garros and culminating in a final US Open appearance. At the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, she reached again the second round where she was defeated by 5th seed Karolina Plíšková. <mask> <mask> retired after Spain’s elimination from the Billie Jean King Cup Finals. Her final matches in singles and doubles took place during Spain’s previous tie against Slovakia. Playing style
<mask> <mask> uses a single-handed backhand, unlike most female players of her era. She has said in interviews that her favorite shot is her cross-court backhand and that her favourite surfaces are clay and hard.Frew McMillan has said, "There's  something of Justine Henin about her game. She has a great variety of shots." Apparel and equipment
<mask> <mask> wears Lotto clothing and shoes and uses Wilson racquets. Personal life
<mask> <mask> is openly gay. Career statistics

Grand Slam performance timelines

Singles

Doubles

References

External links

 <mask> <mask>'s CoreTennis Profile

1988 births
Living people
Spanish female tennis players
Tennis players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Tennis players at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Tennis players at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic tennis players of Spain
Sportspeople from Las Palmas
Lesbian sportswomen
LGBT tennis players
LGBT sportspeople from Spain
Tennis players at the 2020 Summer Olympics
21st-century LGBT

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Yusuf Hazziez (born Joseph Arrington Jr.; August 8, 1935 – August 13, 1982), known professionally as <mask>, was an American singer and musician who gained success in the 1960s and 1970s with his brand of Southern soul, which mixed the styles of funk, country, gospel, and rhythm and blues. His career started after he was signed to King Records in 1955 following four wins at the Apollo Theater. Between 1955 and 1964, he struggled to find hits, and by the time he finally recorded his first hit, "Hold What You've Got" in 1964, he had recorded 30 previous singles that were deemed failures on the charts. He went on to have four million-selling hits, "Hold What You've Got" (1965), "Skinny Legs and All" (1967), "I Gotcha" (1972), and "Ain't Gonna Bump No More (With No Big Fat Woman)" (1977). <mask> was nominated for the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame six times, most recently in 2017. Early life
<mask> was born Joseph Arrington, Jr. in Rogers, Texas, in Bell County to Joseph Arrington and Cherie Sue (Jackson) Arrington. He and his sister Mary Sue were initially raised by their grandmother, Mary Richardson.After their parents divorced, Cheri Arrington moved to Baytown. <mask> played baritone saxophone in the high-school band and sang in a local Pentecostal church choir. He entered several talent shows, and after an important win in Houston, he won $300 and a trip to New York City. <mask> took part in the amateur portion of the Apollo Theater, winning first place four times, which led to his discovery by Henry Glover, who offered him a contract with King Records. His mother's wish was that he graduate from high school first, and Glover agreed to wait a year before signing him at age 19. Music career

Early recordings
<mask> recorded for King Records between 1955 and 1957

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 with little success. He later claimed he sold musical rights to the composition "Fever" to King Records staff to get money to pay his rent.The song's credited songwriters, Otis Blackwell (who used the pseudonym John Davenport) and <mask>, disputed <mask>'s claims. Labelmate Little Willie John had a hit with "Fever", which inspired <mask> to write the first of his answer songs, "Pneumonia". In 1958, he signed with Ace and continued to have relative failures, but he was starting to build a unique stage reputation, opening for artists such as Jackie Wilson, James Brown, and Little Richard. He perfected the microphone tricks and dance moves that defined the rest of his career. Many, including Little Richard, claim that <mask>'s future nemesis James Brown stole <mask>'s dance moves and microphone tricks. In 1960, he left Ace and briefly recorded for Detroit's Anna Records label, scoring a Bubbling Under Billboard hit with his cover version of Etta James' "All I Could Do Was Cry". By then, <mask>'s use of rapping over his music was starting to become commonplace.In 1961, he recorded his composition "Baby You're Right" for Anna. Later that year, James Brown recorded a cover version, though with different lyrics and a different musical composition, gaining songwriting credit, making it a hit in 1962, and reaching number two on the R&B chart. During this time, <mask> first began working with Buddy Killen, who formed the Dial Records label behind <mask>. After a number of songs failed to chart, Killen decided to have Atlantic Records distribute his recordings with Dial in 1964. By the time he signed with Atlantic, <mask> had recorded 30 songs, all of which had failed to make an impact on the charts. Success
<mask> recorded his first hit, "Hold What You've Got", in

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texts: November 1964 at FAME Studios in Muscle Shoals, Alabama. He was unconvinced the song would be a hit and advised Killen not to release it.However, Killen felt otherwise and released the song in early 1965. By the time <mask> got wind of its release, the song had already sold 200,000 copies. The song eventually peaked at number five on the Billboard Hot 100 and became <mask>'s first number-one hit on the R&B charts, staying on the charts for 11 weeks and selling more than a million copies by 1966. <mask> placed six top-40 charted singles on the R&B charts in 1965 alone, including two more number-one hits, "I Want To (Do Everything For You)" and "A Sweet Woman Like You". He followed that with two successive albums, Hold On To What You've Got and The New Boss. He placed more R&B hits than any artist, including his rival James Brown. In 1966, five more singles entered the top 40 on the R&B charts, including "The Love You Save" and "S.Y.S.L.J.F.M."or "The Letter Song", which was an answer song to Wilson Pickett's "634-5789 (Soulsville, U.S.A.)". His 1967 hits included "Show Me", which became an often-covered tune for British rock artists and later some country and pop artists, and his second million-selling hit, "Skinny Legs and All". The latter song, released off <mask>'s pseudo-live album, Live and Lively, stayed on the charts for 15 weeks and was awarded a gold disc by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in January 1968. After leaving Atlantic for Mercury, <mask> had several more R&B hits including "Buying a Book" in 1970 and "Give the Baby Anything the Baby Wants" in 1971. The intro saxophone riffs in his 1969 song, "You're Right, Ray Charles" later influenced Funkadelic's "Standing on the Verge of Gettin' It On". <mask> recorded his next

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 big hit, "I Gotcha", in December 1971. The song was released in January 1972 and stayed on the charts for 20 weeks, staying at number two on the Hot 100 for two weeks and sold more than 2 million copies, becoming his biggest-selling hit to date.<mask> was offered a gold disc of the song on March 22, 1972. The parent album reached number 17 on the pop albums chart. Following this and another album, <mask> announced his retirement from show business in September 1972 to pursue life as a minister for Islam. <mask> returned to his music career following the death of Elijah Muhammad in 1975, releasing the top-40 R&B hit, "Under Your Powerful Love". His last hit, "Ain't Gonna Bump No More (With No Big Fat Woman)", was released in 1977 and peaked at number 12 on the Hot 100 and number 2 in the UK. His last public appearances were as part of a revised 1980s version of the Soul Clan in 1981. After that, <mask> withdrew from public life, settling at his ranch in Navasota, Texas, and watching football games by his favorite team, the Houston Oilers.Rivalry with James Brown
The feud between <mask> and fellow label mate James Brown allegedly originated sometime in the mid-1950s, when both artists were signed to associated imprints of King Records, when Brown reportedly called out on <mask> for a "battle" during a dance at a local juke joint. In 1960, <mask> left King and recorded a few songs for Detroit-based Anna Records; one of the songs he recorded was the ballad "Baby, You're Right". A year later, Brown recorded the song and released it in 1961, changing the lyrics and the musical composition, earning Brown co-songwriting credits along with <mask>. By then, Brown had recruited singer Bea Ford, who had been married to <mask> but had divorced him in 1959. In 1960,

masks: Tex Tex Tex Tex Tex Tex Tex Tex Tex


texts: Brown and Ford recorded the song, "You've Got the Power". Shortly afterward, <mask> got a personal letter from Brown telling him that he was through with Ford and if <mask> wanted her back, he could have her. <mask> responded by recording the diss record "You Keep Her" in 1962.In 1963, their feud escalated when <mask> and Brown performed a concert in Macon, Georgia. <mask>, who opened the show, imitated Brown by appearing in a torn, tattered cape and rolling around on the floor screaming, "Please—somebody help get me out of this cape!" Brown, already angry with <mask> over the song "You Keep Her", left the club and returned with guns. <mask> had left the club before the shooting had commenced. The incident led to multiple people being shot and stabbed. Since Brown was still on parole at the time, he relied on his agent Clint Brantley "and a few thousand dollars to make the situation disappear". According to fellow performer Johnny Jenkins, "seven people got shot", and after the shootout ended, a man appeared and gave "each one of the injured a hundred dollars apiece not to carry it no further and not to talk to the press".Brown was never charged for the incident. <mask> later claimed that Brown stole his dance moves and his microphone stand tricks. In a few interviews he gave in the 1960s, <mask> dismissed the notion of Brown being called "Soul Brother No. 1", insisting that Little Willie John was the original "Soul Brother No. 1". <mask> even claimed Brown stopped some radio disc jockeys from playing his hit "Skinny Legs and All", which <mask> claimed prevented <mask> from taking down one of Brown's number-one songs at the time. During a 1968 tour, <mask> had the words "The New Soul Brother No.1" on his tour bus, but eventually took the name off the bus

masks: Tex Tex Tex Tex Tex Tex Tex Tex Tex Tex Tex Tex Tex


texts:
 and had it repainted. <mask> challenged Brown to contest who "the real soul brother" was. Brown reportedly refused the challenge, telling the Afro-American, "I will not fight a black man. You need too much help." While <mask> moved on from his initial feud with Brown, Brown reportedly joked, "Who?" in his Bobby Byrd and Hank Ballard duet "Funky Side of Town" from his Get on the Good Foot album when Ballard mentioned <mask>'s name as one of the stars of soul music. Personal life and death
A convert to Islam in 1966, he changed his name to Yusuf Hazziez, and toured as a spiritual lecturer.He had two daughters, Eartha Doucet and Leslie Arrington, and four sons, Joseph Arrington III, Ramadan Hazziez, Jwaade Hazziez, and Joseph Hazziez. Though he lived most of his life free of drugs and alcohol, according to his longtime producer Buddy Killen, <mask> suffered from addiction during the last four years of his life. In his final performances as part of the Soul Clan he appeared gaunt and unwell, and Killen claimed that <mask> had "lost his will to live". In early August, 1982, <mask> was found at the bottom of a swimming pool at his home in Navasota, after which he was revived in hospital and sent home. Just a few days later, on August 13, 1982, five days after his 47th birthday, he died at Grimes Memorial Hospital in Navasota, following a heart attack. Cover versions
Several other artists have covered <mask>'s work. The Foundations covered "Show Me".US R&B group The Raelettes and UK hard rock band Nazareth covered "I Want To (Do Everything for You)", and Phish performed "You Better Believe It Baby". In pop culture
"I Gotcha" is used in the film and soundtrack of Quentin Tarantino's Reservoir Dogs (1992). "Show Me" was used in The Commitments(1991). Selected

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texts:
 discography

Albums
1964 Hold On! It's <mask> (Checker Records LP-2993)
1965 Hold What You've Got (Dial Records 8106, distributed by Atlantic Records) – US Pop No. 124, US R&B No. 2
1965 The New Boss (Dial/Atlantic 8115) – US No.142, US R&B No. 3
1966 The Love You Save (Dial/Atlantic 8124) – US No. 108
1966 I've Got to Do a Little Better (Dial/Atlantic 8133)
1967 The Best of <mask> (Dial/Atlantic 8144)
1968 Live and Lively (Dial/Atlantic 8156) – US No. 84
1968 Soul Country (Dial/Atlantic 8187) – US No. 154
1969 Happy Soul (Dial/Atlantic 8211)
1969 Buying a Book (Dial/Atlantic 8231) – US No. 190
1970 With Strings and Things (Dial/Atlantic 8254)
1971 From the Roots Came the Rapper (Dial/Atlantic 8292)
1972 I Gotcha (Dial 6002) – US # 17
1972 Spill the Beans (Dial 6004)
1976 Have You Ever (Mercury Netherlands NL-6338.693)
1977 Bumps & Bruises (Epic 34666) – US No. 108
1978 Rub Down (Epic 35079)
1978 He Who Is Without Funk Cast the First Stone (Dial 6100)

Chart singles

See also
Blues
Southern soul
Atlantic Records

Notes

References
 The New Musical Express Book of Rock, 1975, Star Books,

External links

 <mask> – I Gotcha at superseventies.com
 <mask> – The New Boss: Dial Sessions And Dates at keepkey.yochanan.net
 <mask> becomes Muslim at Raresoul.com

1935 births
1982 deaths
Ace Records (United States) artists
African-American male dancers
African-American dancers
20th-century African-American male singers
African-American Muslims
African-American male  singer-songwriters
American rhythm and blues singer-songwriters
American funk singers
American soul singers
Atlantic Records artists
Converts to Islam
Epic Records artists
People from Baytown, Texas
People from Rogers, Texas
Singer-songwriters from Texas
People from Navasota, Texas
20th-century

masks:
Joe Tex
Joe Tex
Joe Tex
Joe Tex
Joe Tex


texts: Kim Ki-bum (born September 23, 1991), better known by his stage name <mask>, is a South Korean rapper, singer, dancer, songwriter, actor, fashion designer and television presenter. Born and raised in Daegu, South Korea, he later travelled to Seoul after a successful audition at the S.M. National Tour Audition Casting. In May 2008, <mask> debuted as a member of South Korean boy group Shinee, who later went on to become one of the best-selling artists in South Korea. <mask> is widely recognised as a singer and rapper, but he has also ventured into different careers, notably as an actor and fashion designer. As a singer, he has collaborated with various artists, and debuted in the sub-unit Toheart with Woohyun of Infinite. He made his debut as a soloist in November 2018 with the release of the digital single "Forever Yours", and his first studio album, Face, was released later that month.<mask> has also contributed to songwriting that have been released in Shinee's and Toheart's albums. As an actor, he was cast in multiple musicals, such as Bonnie & Clyde (2013), Zorro (2014), and Chess (2015). He has since widened his field as an actor by taking part in several television drama roles, like Drinking Solo (2016) and The Guardians (2017). In 2015, <mask> progressed to becoming a fashion designer and took part in numerous projects. For instance, he collaborated with Bridge Shop House to design Shinee concert outfits, and worked with model Irene and the brand Charm's to design fashion apparel. Due to the success of his works, <mask> was later appointed as fashion director of the group. In 2016, he became a model for the American fashion brand Jill Stuart.Life and

masks: Key Key Key Key Key Key


texts:
 career

1991–2011: Early life and career beginnings

<mask> was born on September 23, 1991, in Daegu, South Korea, as an only child. At the age of 14, he represented Yeong Shin Middle School in his hometown as a water-skier and competed in water-skiing competitions. In 2006, he joined SM Entertainment after a successful audition at the SM National Tour Audition Casting. One year later, he appeared as a background dancer in the film Attack on the Pin-Up Boys. In 2008, he was chosen as a member of the group Shinee. The group released their first mini-album, Replay on May 22, debuting at #10 and reaching the #8 position on the charts. The first television presentation of the group occurred on May 25, 2008, on the program SBS's Inkigayo.Shortly after debut, <mask> appeared on television shows such as Idol Maknae Rebellion as a guest star alongside his Shinee group mates Taemin, Onew, and Jonghyun for two episodes. <mask> was also part of the cast of the show Raising Idol along with Dongho from U-KISS and Thunder from MBLAQ. In addition, <mask> was featured in label-mate Xiah's solo performance of "Xiahtic" in TVXQ's concert 2009: The 3rd Asia Tour Mirotic in Seoul. In 2010, he was featured in the song "치유 (Healing)" on TRAX's mini album Let You Go, and in Girls' Generation's song "Hwaseongin Virus (Boys & Girls)" () for their second studio album, Oh!. In 2011, <mask> collaborated with Leeteuk of Super Junior on a song called "Bravo" for the drama History of a Salaryman. He also took part in EXO's song "Two Moons" on their debut mini album Mama and BoA's song "One Dream" as the theme song for SBS K-pop Star with label-mate Henry of Super Junior-M.

2012–15: Toheart and

masks: Key Key Key Key Key


texts:
 theatrical debut

In 2012, <mask> was cast as Frank Abagnale Jr., rotating with Um Ki-joon, Kim Jeong-hoon, Park Gwang-hyun and label-mate Super Junior's Kyuhyun, with Girls' Generation Sunny and The Grace's Dana, in the Korean production of Broadway musical Catch Me If You Can, marking his theatrical debut. The musical ran from March 28 to June 10 at the Blue Square, Samsung Card Hall, in Hannam-dong, Seoul.On October 24, 2012, it was announced that <mask> would be participating in the return of the Korean adaption of the Broadway musical Catch Me If You Can. The production started on December 14, 2012, and continued until February 9, 2013, at the Opera House in the Seongnam Arts Center. <mask> also made a cameo appearance in SBS sitcom Salamander Guru and The Shadows. On July 18, 2013, it was announced that <mask> would be cast as Clyde in the Korean production of the Broadway musical Bonnie & Clyde, alongside the cast Kim Min-jong, Um Ki-joon, Dana of CSJH The Grace, and Hyungsik of ZE:A. The performance ran at the Chungmu Art Hall in Seoul from September 4 until October 27, 2013. Not long after, on October 22, he was cast in another Korean adaptation of the Broadway musical The Three Musketeers as D'Artagnan. In 2014, <mask> formed a duo with Woohyun from Infinite, a collaboration between SM Entertainment and Woollim Entertainment.According to the members, it was their idea to form a duo since they are close friends but they weren't thinking of a musical collaboration, instead of photoshoots and similar activities. The duo was well received, winning the Popularity Award at the 29th Golden Disk Awards. Jeff Benjamin from Billboard praised the duo's vocals, and also the


texts:
 choreography and on-screen charisma. In the same year, <mask> was cast as the lead role for the musical Zorro, sharing the role with singer Wheesung and Beast's Yoseob. Zorro ran from August 27 till October 26 at the Chungmu Art Hall in Seoul. <mask> also participated in the MBC variety show We Got Married Global Edition. He was partnered with Alissa Yagi, a Japanese model.In March 2015, <mask> and CNBLUE's Jung-shin were appointed as the main presenters of Mnet's M Countdown. In the same year, <mask> collaborated with AXODUS, a duo formed by Don Spike and DJ Hanmin. <mask> took over the vocals for the track "Hold On", and they made a special presentation on July 25, 2015 at the Ansan Valley Rock Festival. In July 2015, <mask> was announced to be part of the musical In the Heights, which was also performed with Japanese subtitles at Kanagawa Arts Theatre in Yokohama in 2016. <mask> starred in his first play as Byeong Gu in Save the Green Planet!, based on the 2003 film of the same name. <mask> also had his own web show entitled Key's Know How produced by Mnet. 2016–2017: Acting roles

In September 2016, <mask> made his official acting debut in the tvN drama Drinking Solo which aired from September 5 to October 25.He took the role of a student who has been studying for the civil service exam for three years. His character has lived an easy life so far but he's currently experiencing a life with no income. Even though this was <mask>'s first time acting in a network, his acting was well received by the production team, stating: "<mask> is someone who works hard. He prepared a lot beforehand and as an actor, he comprehensively analysed his character role. He is receiving

masks: Key Key Key Key Key Key Key Key Key Key Key


texts:
 many praise and love from the staff. Despite having no experience in dramas at the time of his audition, his acting gave off a very fresh vibe. Furthermore, his acting and his enunciation were good and so we decided to cast him."In April 2017, <mask> was announced as one of the main characters for the new MBC drama The Guardians. In the drama, <mask> plays the role of Gong Kyung-soo, a skater and a hacker whose mother went missing due to a crime and received positive reviews for his acting skills. He subsequently received the Best New Actor Award for his role in the drama at the 2017 Grimae Awards. 2018–present: Solo debut and military enlistment
In 2018, <mask> was featured in Years & Years' remix to their single "If You're Over Me", which was released on July 6, 2018. <mask> sings in both Korean and English over the original melody alongside the British pop trio. The original Korean verses reflect the song's overall meaning, as <mask> asks a lover to stop pushing-and-pulling and were written by the singer himself. On October 11, 2018, SM Entertainment announced that <mask> would make his solo debut in late November.Shortly after, on October 20, <mask> performed a special stage at CHARM's fashion show, during HERA Seoul Fashion Week. He performed a new song called "Chemicals", which was later included in his album. Two weeks later, the single "Forever Yours", featuring <mask>'s close friend and former Sistar member Soyou, was pre-released on November 6 along with a music video. On November 26, his first full-length album, titled Face, was released, alongside a music video for the single and title track "One of Those Nights", featuring Crush. Out of the ten songs included

masks: Key Key Key Key Key Key Key Key


texts: in the album, <mask> wrote the lyrics to four of them himself. Following his solo debut, <mask> also released his first Japanese solo extended play, Hologram, on December 26, 2018. Along with the title track "Hologram", the album contains a total of five tracks, including a Japanese version of "One of Those Nights" from <mask>'s Korean album Face.To celebrate his Japanese debut, <mask> held two live shows, titled Key Land, in Kobe and Yokohama on December 22 and December 25, respectively. His first solo concert in South Korea, titled The Agit Key Land – <mask>, was held in February 2019 in Seoul and ran for six days. I Wanna Be, a repackaged version of Face, was released on March 4, 2019; the album was preceded by the single "Cold", featuring Hanhae, and the title track "I Wanna Be", which featured Soyeon of (G)I-dle. On the same day the album was released, <mask> enlisted for his mandatory military service as a member of the military band. <mask> went on his final military leave on September 24, 2020 without returning to the army due to military protocols regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, before officially being discharged on October 7. He returned as a regular cast member for Amazing Saturday - DoReMi Market on its November 21 episode. On August 30, 2021, <mask> released the single "Hate That...", featuring Taeyeon, serving as the pre-release for his upcoming album in September.He held an online Beyond Live concert, titled Groks in the Keyland, on September 26. The concert was also broadcast live in theaters. His first Korean extended play, Bad Love, was released on September 27, with the title track of the same name. On October 9, <mask> received his first-ever music

masks: Key Key Key Key Key Key Key Key Key


texts:
 show win as a solo artist on MBC's Show! Music Core. Personal life
<mask> was raised by his grandmother from birth; his mother was sick after giving birth and his father was busy with work. On October 10, 2014, <mask> announced on his Instagram account that his grandmother had died on September 23, 2014.He stated that he wanted to announce it on his own because it did not feel right for the news to be announced through his company. <mask> graduated from Myongji University with a degree in Film and Musical. He attended Woosuk University for his postgraduate degree, majoring in "Culture and Education Contents Development". He participated in the project on youth self-concept development started by students in his major. He has conducted special seminars in Iksan Namseong Middle School, North Jeolla Province, and Gimje Girls' Middle School in Seoul. His thesis is titled "The Influence of Styling Education on Appearance Satisfaction and Self-Esteem of Korean Adolescents". Other ventures

Fashion

<mask> is considered one of the best dressed men in his country, with his peculiar and particularly appealing style often not afraid to mix colors.In media, his style is compared to fashion icon G-Dragon. Both are known not to follow trends, but instead have their own unique style, mixing elements of the new trends with outdated items. <mask> has stated that he enjoys to try something new to look different from others and that instead of being constrained by fashion, he cares more about the attitude towards fashion. Years after his debut, <mask> has also ventured into the fashion industry. For instance, he collaborated with designer Ko Taeyong on self-designed sweatshirts depicting


texts:
 his dogs and sold them for charity. In addition, he was also promoted to one of SM Entertainment's fashion directors and has been designing Shinee's concert outfits since 2015. In 2016, <mask> collaborated with Japanese illustrator Bridge Ship House for Shinee's fifth Korean concert tour titled SHINee World V. <mask>'s primary goal of the costume directing is a well-balanced combination of Shinee's identity as a group and each member's individualities.In January 2016, <mask> became a model for Jill Stuart Accessory. A representative explained that <mask> was chosen for the brand because he has promoted professionally in a variety of areas such as music and broadcasting, which showed an artistic aspect that overlaps with sensual style and fashion concept of the brand. <mask> also became a special editor for the Korean Elle, sharing his personal lifestyle in a column called 'Key Story', which is released bi-weekly by the magazine. He shared tips on colour contact lenses, cameras, applications, and more. In 2017, <mask> along with model Irene and fashion brand Charm's worked together to design new apparels which were sold in March. Philanthropy
In 2012, <mask> and his fans from Korea, China, Japan, Taiwan, Singapore, Thailand and seven other countries donated 2.12 tons of rice to World Vision, which was able to feed 17,000 undernourished children and elderly among 11 cities. Later on September 23, 2014, <mask>'s birthday, fans raised a total of 2 million won and established a well in Cambodia, and was also used as medical aid for poor children.In 2015, <mask> posted on his Instagram account encouraging viewers to help the citizens in Nepal after its earthquake, and sent


texts:
 moral support. In the same year, <mask> collaborated with designer Ko Taeyong and sold sweatshirts depicting his dogs. All revenue (approximately 12.5 million won) were later donated to the Animal Freedom Union. In 2016, <mask> along with groupmate Taemin and other artists from SM Entertainment took part in the "Make a Promise" campaign organised by UNICEF and Louis Vuitton, whereby 40% of the proceeds were donated through UNICEF to the children in need. Discography

 Face (2018)

Filmography

Film

Television series

Television shows

Reality shows

Web shows

Hosting

Musical theatre

Awards and nominations

See also
List of awards and nominations received by Shinee
List of awards and nominations received by Toheart

References

External links

 SM Entertainment Official website
 Shinee Official website

1991 births
Living people
People from Daegu
South Korean singer-songwriters
South Korean male musical theatre actors
South Korean television presenters
Japanese-language singers of South Korea
South Korean pop singers
South Korean dance musicians
South Korean male singers
South Korean male idols
Myongji University alumni
Shinee members
South Korean male television actors
21st-century South Korean singers
SM Entertainment artists
South Korean male singer-songwriters
South Korean

masks: Key Key


texts: <mask> (; born June 24, 1986) is an American singer, songwriter, performance artist, and actress. Expressing an interest in music from an early age, <mask> had several temporary stints as a backup dancer for Destiny's Child, which featured her elder sister, <mask>, among its members, before signing with her father <mask>'s Music World Entertainment label. At age 16, <mask> released her first studio album Solo Star (2002). Between 2004 and 2007, <mask> had several minor acting roles, including the direct-to-video Bring It On: All or Nothing (2006) and continued co-writing music for Beyoncé and former Destiny's Child group members Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams. In 2007, <mask> began to record music again. Her second studio album Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams (2008) deviated from the pop-oriented music of her debut to Motown-inspired sounds from the 60's and 70's. It peaked at number nine on the US Billboard 200 and received positive reviews from critics.She followed this up with the 1980s pop and R&B-inspired extended play True (2012) on Terrible Records and her imprint Saint Records. Her third studio album, A Seat at the Table (2016) was released to widespread critical acclaim and became her first number-one album in the United States. The album's lead single, "Cranes in the Sky" won the Grammy for Best R&B Performance. Her fourth studio album, When I Get Home, was released in March 2019 to further critical acclaim. <mask> was heavily influenced by Motown girl groups and says that her first passion is songwriting. Frequently compared by the media to her sister Beyoncé, <mask> has claimed that they

masks:
Solange Piaget Knowles
Knowles
Beyoncé Knowles
Mathew Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles


texts:
 have different aspirations and are musically different. She has been ranked by Billboard as the 100th most successful dance artist of all-time, and in 2017 was honored with the "Impact Award" at Billboard Women in Music.Her other ventures include an endorsement deal with Rimmel London and a line of hip-hop-oriented merchandise for young children. Early life
<mask> Piaget <mask> was born on June 24, 1986, in Houston, Texas, to Mathew <mask> and <mask>. Her older sister is singer <mask>. Her father, originally from Alabama, is African American, and her mother, originally from Texas, is an African American of Louisiana Creole heritage. Her maternal grandparents are Lumis Beyincé and Agnéz Deréon, a seamstress. She is also a descendant of Acadian leader Joseph Broussard. <mask> was raised Catholic until the age of four, when her family became members of a Methodist church.As a child, she studied dance and theater. At the age of five, she made her singing debut at Six Flags AstroWorld, a theme park in Houston. She began writing songs at the age of nine. At 13, she decided to pursue recording, but her parents initially advised her to wait. During Destiny's Child's opening stint for Christina Aguilera's 2000 tour, <mask> temporarily replaced member Kelly Rowland after she broke her toes backstage during a costume change. At the age of 15, <mask> replaced a departed dancer and performed with the group on tour. Career

2001–2003: Early career and Solo Star
Managed by her father Mathew, <mask> first ventured into the music business in 2001 as the lead singer, backed by Destiny's Child, on the title theme song for the

masks:
Solange
Knowles
Knowles
Tina Knowles
Beyoncé Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles


texts: animated television series The Proud Family.She also was a featured performer on "Hey Goldmember" for the soundtrack to the 2002 film Austin Powers in Goldmember, as well as a backup singer on the track "Little Drummer Boy" on Destiny's Child's 2001 holiday album 8 Days of Christmas. In 2002, she was featured on Lil Romeo's second studio album Game Time, singing portions of Luther Vandross-penned "So Amazing" on the single "True Love", and on Kelly Rowland's debut solo album Simply Deep, for which she also wrote the tracks "Simply Deep", "Beyond Imagination" and "Obsession". In 2001 she appeared as Lil' Bow Wow's date in the music video for his single "Puppy Love". She also made an appearance on The Master of Disguise soundtrack and made cameos in Play's video for "M.A.S.T.E.R. (Part II)" featuring Lil' Fizz. In 2002, she lent her voice for the character Chanel, the cousin of the protagonist Penny Proud, in an episode of the animated television series The Proud Family. In June 2003, Mathew <mask> excitedly announced that he was considering adding <mask> to Destiny's Child when the group reunited in 2004, thus turning them into a quartet for the first time since short-lived member Farrah Franklin left in 2000.Mathew <mask> said he was testing the reactions, and, judging by what he had heard, "it seems like a good idea". Later in August, however, Beyoncé said it was only a rumor and Destiny's Child would remain a trio. Rowland added, "She's a solo star," name-dropping <mask>'s debut album. At the age of 14, <mask> started working on her debut album Solo Star, which involved American producers such as Jermaine

masks: Knowles Knowles Knowles Knowles Knowles


texts:
 Dupri, The Neptunes, Linda Perry and Timbaland among others. She then recorded the album under her father's Music World Entertainment label with Columbia Records. The album is primarily uptempo R&B, although <mask> said there are pop, rock, reggae and hip hop influences. <mask> co-wrote and co-produced some of the 15 tracks in the album, including its lead single, "Feelin' You (Part II)".The song failed to enter the Billboard Hot 100, but reached number three on both the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles Sales and Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales chart. Solo Star was released on January 21, 2003 in the United States, where it debuted at number 49 on the Billboard 200 and reached number 23 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. Solo Star had a mixed critical reception: William Ruhlmann of AllMusic called it a "state-of-the-art contemporary R&B album", but deemed <mask> "lost somewhere in the mix". By mid-2008, the album had sold 112,000 copies domestically according to Nielsen SoundScan. 2004–2008: Films and Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams

After the release of her debut album, <mask> began acting in films, followed by a career break to start a family. In 2004, she guest starred in an episode titled "The Catch" on the sitcom One on One. <mask> appeared as a teenager in the 2004 comedy film Johnson Family Vacation, starring alongside American actors Cedric the Entertainer, Vanessa Williams and Bow Wow.She provided a song, "Freedom", a collaboration with the Houston-based funk-jazz band Drop Trio, for its soundtrack. Although the reviews were generally negative, <mask> earned praise from Variety, which opined that

masks: Knowles Knowles Knowles Knowles Knowles Knowles


texts: she "is nearly as dazzling as big sister Beyoncé and does little more than smile winningly in her first bigscreen outing." In 2006, she starred as a cheerleading captain in the film Bring It On: All or Nothing, the third installment of the Bring It On series, alongside American actress and singer Hayden Panettiere. What little critical reaction the low-budget, direct-to-DVD movie got was negative, and <mask> was described as an "affordable young starlet". <mask> uses her full name for her acting, rather than just the first name she uses when singing; for Bring It On: All or Nothing, she was billed as <mask> <mask>, reflecting her married state at the time. While she was married, her family moved to Idaho, and, while staying there, she resumed writing songs including the singles "Get Me Bodied" and "Upgrade U" from her sister's second solo album, B'Day. <mask> earned the R&B and Hip-Hop Song accolade for "Get Me Bodied" at the 2008 ASCAP Awards.During this time, she had also written songs for Destiny's Child, and members Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams. In 2004, while pregnant with her son, she made a cameo appearance in Destiny's Child's music video for "Soldier". After her divorce, <mask> returned to Houston to begin working on her second album. In 2007, <mask> renewed her management, signing a record deal with Geffen and a publishing deal with EMI. <mask> finished working on her second studio album in 2008 and titled the project Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams. It includes production by CeeLo Green, Soulshock & Karlin and Mark Ronson as well as an appearance by Bilal. A collection of 1960s and

masks:
Knowles
Knowles
Solange
Knowles Smith
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles