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 Sprint Cup victory when he was wrecked by Dale Earnhardt <mask>. with 25 laps to go. <mask>dinger was visibly upset with Earnhardt <mask>. in post-race ceremonies. At Watkins Glen, <mask>dinger took the lead with less than 30 laps to go after a side-by-side battle with former teammate <mask> and kept the lead until the checkered flag, earning his first Sprint Cup Series win after 213 Sprint Cup starts, leading 30 laps in the process."My gosh, I can't believe we won a NASCAR Sprint Cup race. This whole 47 team... all the sponsors, my first Cup victory. I love these guys. I just wanted it so bad for them. For this team. They worked so hard. I wasn't going to let Marcos take that from me.I hope the fans loved that race and at home. Because it was fun in the race car." <mask> commented on <mask>dinger's win: "First of all, congratulations to A. J. and the 47 team. They deserved that win. I left nothing on the table. I tried to rattle his cage and couldn't shake him. We raced fair and square to the end there.It was a tough couple laps but it was fair. We were both giving it to each other pretty hard. No harm, no foul. We just came up a little short." Before the race, <mask>dinger had announced that Kimberly-Clark Corporation (consisting of Scott, Viva, Kleenex, Cottonelle, and Huggies brands) extended its sponsorship agreement with the team through 2017. 2015

Though NASCAR expanded the grid of the Sprint Unlimited to include all the Chase drivers, <mask>er declined the invitation, saying he wanted to save his equipment for the points races such as the Daytona 500. Instead, he

masks:
Jr
Allmen
Jr
Allmen
Marcos Ambrose
Ambrose
Allmen
Allmen
Allmending


type: original

texts:
 joined the Motor Racing Network's radio broadcast of the race, working in the booth alongside <mask> and <mask>.<mask>dinger got his season off to a good start, leading a few laps during the Daytona 500. The next week at Atlanta, he finished seventh and sixth one week later at Las Vegas. On May 9, 2015, <mask> Daugherty, allowing him to remain with the team through the 2020 season. 2016
<mask>er nearly pulled off an upset at the 2016 STP 500 at Martinsville. He charged hard from 13th place with less than 20 laps to go, to finish second to Kyle Busch by 1.547 seconds. It tied 2012 as his career-best finish at Martinsville. <mask>er ended the season on a high note, earning four top tens on the final 6 races and finishing 19th in the standings.On June 8, 2016, Richard Childress Racing announced plans to add <mask>er to their Xfinity Series driver lineup, hiring him to drive the No. 2 Chevrolet Camaro at Mid-Ohio; however, <mask>dinger had a schedule conflict and Sam Hornish <mask>. drove the race instead. 2017

<mask>dinger started the 2017 season at Daytona by finishing in third place, equalling his best career finish in the event. At Talladega, <mask>er was caught in a multi-car accident while running third with 19 laps to go. <mask>dinger got loose drafting Chase Elliott, causing <mask>dinger's car to spin out and eventually flip over. At Watkins Glen, <mask>dinger ran well enough to be the highest-finishing Chevrolet in the race, placing ninth. 2018
<mask>dinger opened the 2018 season with a top-ten finish in the Daytona 500 and later had an eighth-place finish at the STP

masks:
Joe Moore
Jeff Striegle
Allmen
AllmenerG
Allmending
Allmending
Allmending
Allmen
Jr
Allmen
Allmending
Allmen
Allmen
Allmen
Allmen


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 500.In May, <mask>dinger won the Monster Energy Open, the second time he had taken victory in the race. On September 25, 2018, it was announced that <mask>, despite having two years left on his contract from 2015, would part ways with JTG at the end of the 2018 season, ending a long-time relationship with the team. 2019–2020: Part-time with Kaulig Racing

On March 21, 2019, Kaulig Racing announced <mask> would join the team's No. 10 car for a part-time Xfinity Series schedule. His schedule was originally a four-race slate beginning in July at Daytona, followed by the road course events at Mid-Ohio, Road America, and the Charlotte Motor Speedway Roval. In the 2019 Circle K Firecracker 250 at Daytona, <mask>dinger finished third, but was disqualified and relegated to last place after his car failed an engine vacuum test during post-race inspection. On July 17, Kaulig announced that <mask>dinger would add a fifth race to his schedule: the 2019 Zippo 200 at The Glen at Watkins Glen International on August 3, 2019.He was once again disqualified when his second-place finishing car was discovered to be too low on both rear corners during post-race inspection. At his final start of the year at the Charlotte Roval, he picked up his first win of the season and third of his Xfinity Series career, beating out RCR driver Tyler Reddick. A few weeks after his Roval win, Kaulig president Chris Rice stated in an interview that <mask>dinger would tentatively return to the team to drive for them in all of the Xfinity Series road course races again. In addition to those four races, he added he

masks: Allmen Allmener Allmener Allmen Allmen Allmen


texts: could likely run the new race for the series at Martinsville, a track that <mask>dinger has historically performed well at throughout his NASCAR career. <mask>dinger formally moved to the No. 16, Kaulig's part-time third car, for 2020 because the No. 10 was taken over full-time by Ross Chastain.On January 30, 2020, Kaulig Racing announced <mask>dinger would appear in eight races for the team, predominantly at the road courses and superspeedways. Further races at Bristol and Atlanta were later added to his schedule, the latter in which he scored his first career victory on an oval. The Atlanta victory made <mask>dinger eligible for the series' $100,000 Dash 4 Cash bonus available the following week at Homestead-Miami. Kaulig added the race to <mask>dinger's schedule, where he finished fourth, enough to claim the bonus. At the Cup Series race at Martinsville in June, <mask>dinger was on standby for RCR's <mask>, who was expecting his first child with his wife, Whitney. <mask>dinger continued acting on standby until Homestead-Miami but was not needed as Dillon's son was born Sunday morning before the Homestead race. In August, <mask>dinger finished second at Road America to Team Penske's <mask>indric.At the Daytona road course race, <mask> finished fourth but was involved in controversy as he spun <mask>er in the closing laps, leading to a confrontation between the two drivers. <mask>dinger was leading going into the final corner of the August Daytona oval race but wrecked after contact with his Kaulig teammate Ross Chastain. In October, <mask>er defended his win on the

masks:
Allmen
Allmen
Allmen
Allmen
Allmen
Allmen
Austin Dillon
Allmen
Allmen
Austin C
Allmener
Justin Allgai
Allmen
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 Charlotte Roval, taking victory at the track for the second year in a row in a race affected by rain and darkness. 2021–present: Full-time at Kaulig and return to the NASCAR Cup Series

On December 1, 2020, Kaulig announced that <mask>dinger would run the full 2021 Xfinity Series schedule for the team. He also joined the team's Cup Series program for the Daytona road course, marking his first Cup series race since 2018. In March, <mask>dinger earned his sixth career win by passing Daniel Hemric on a late-race restart at Las Vegas. He scored a second win at Mid-Ohio in June.On August 5, 2021, GMS Racing announced that <mask>dinger would run his first Camping World Truck Series race since 2008 at the regular-season finale at Watkins Glen International, replacing its normal driver Chase Purdy after he tested positive for COVID-19. On August 15, <mask>dinger scored his second career Cup series win at the Indianapolis road course, giving Kaulig Racing its first victory in the Cup series. At Bristol Motor Speedway, battling with <mask> for the regular-season championship, <mask>dinger won the race as well as the regular-season title, despite crashing at the finish similar to Terry Labonte in the 1995 Goody’s 500 at Bristol when Labonte was spun by Dale Earnhardt and still won. After his win at the 2021 Drive for the Cure 250, <mask>dinger broke the record for most wins (6) at a road course in NASCAR Xfinity series history. This record was previously held by <mask>. In November 2021, it was announced that Allmendinger will be scheduled to run at least 12-15 races for Kaulig Racing

masks:
Allmen
Allmen
Allmen
Allmen
Austin Cindric
Allmen
Allmen
Austin Cindric


texts:
 during the 2022 NASCAR Cup series season. Sports car racing

Except for 2017, <mask>dinger has competed in the 24 Hours of Daytona every year since 2006.On January 28 and 29, 2012, <mask>dinger entered the Rolex 24 driving for Michael Shank Racing and drove the final segment of the 24-hour race to the victory for the team in the Daytona Prototype Division. His teammates were <mask>, <mask>, and Oswaldo Negri. To do so, he had to fend off sports car racing veteran <mask> among others. On January 4, 2014, it was announced that <mask>dinger would return to Michael Shank Racing for the 24 Hours of Daytona. Co-driving with <mask>, Oswaldo Negri, <mask>. and <mask>, the team finished 47th overall, 12th in the Prototype class. Television career
<mask>dinger first ventured into television with Fox Sports' NASCAR Race Hub, serving as a recurring driver analyst while still racing full-time for JTG Daugherty Racing. On December 19, 2018, NBC Sports announced plans to hire <mask>dinger as an analyst for their IMSA Sports Car coverage.He would also be a contributor to NBCSN's NASCAR America. Additionally, <mask>dinger joined NBCSN's coverage of American Flat Track as an analyst for the 2019 season. In July 2019, <mask>dinger joined the IndyCar Series on NBC booth for the Iowa Speedway event, working alongside Leigh Diffey and Paul Tracy. Personal life
<mask>dinger was born in Santa Clara but raised in Los Gatos, both suburbs of the San Francisco Bay area. <mask>dinger was married to Canadian model and 2003 Miss Molson Indy Canada Lynne Kushnirenko in January 2007 after meeting her at a

masks:
Allmen
Allmen
Justin Wilson
John Pew
Allan McNish
Allmen
John Pew
Jr
Justin Wilson
Allmen
Allmen
Allmen
Allmen
Allmen
Allmen


texts:
 Champ Car race in Toronto in 2005. The two filed for divorce in 2012. In 2019, <mask>dinger married longtime girlfriend Tara Meador.The two own a pet cat named Mr. Tickles. <mask>mendinger was very close friends with his former RuSPORT and Rolex 24 teammate <mask>. After Wilson's death in 2015, former RuSPORT president <mask> recalled their positive relationship as teammates as something that helped Allmendinger's growth as a driver. Allmendinger honored Wilson throughout the final races of the 2015 Cup Series season by placing Wilson's name above the window of his car. He also stated after Wilson's death that he would only return to IndyCar racing if the series implemented cockpit protection. Motorsports career results

American open-wheel racing
(key)

Barber Dodge Pro Series

Atlantic Championship

Champ Car World Series

IndyCar Series

Indianapolis 500

NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time.* – Most laps led.) Cup Series

Daytona 500

Xfinity Series

Camping World Truck Series

 Season still in progress
 Ineligible for series championship points

Complete sports car racing results

Rolex Sports Car Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

IMSA WeatherTech Sportscar Championship

24 Hours of Daytona

References

External links

 <mask>. <mask>dinger at Driver Database

Living people
1981 births
Sportspeople from Santa Clara County, California
Racing drivers from California
24 Hours of Daytona drivers
NASCAR

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Allmen
All
Justin Wilson
Jeremy Dale
A J
Allmen


texts:
 drivers
Champ Car drivers
Indianapolis 500 drivers
IndyCar Series drivers
IndyCar Series team owners
Atlantic Championship drivers
Rolex Sports Car Series drivers
International Kart Federation drivers
Team Penske
Doping cases in auto racing
American sportspeople in doping cases
Sportspeople from the San Francisco Bay Area
Barber Pro Series drivers
WeatherTech SportsCar Championship drivers
Chip Ganassi Racing drivers
Team Penske


texts:
Zacharry "<mask>" <mask> (born August 2, 1984) is an American mixed martial artist, who currently competes in the Middleweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. A professional competitor since 2007, he has also formerly competed for Strikeforce, MFC, Titan FC, and Bellator. Background
Born in Irving, Texas, <mask> moved to Springfield, Missouri at the age of three. After beginning wrestling in the sixth grade, he attended Glendale High School where he competed in wrestling, as well as football, baseball, and basketball. A state qualifier, he later attended Meramec Community College where he was a two-time NJCAA national qualifier his freshman and sophomore seasons. Due to an injury, <mask> transferred to Missouri State University to finish his degree, majoring in exercise and movement science. It was around this time that he began to training in mixed martial arts, and was 6–0 as an amateur before turning professional.Mixed martial arts career

Early career
<mask> made his professional MMA debut in November 2007. He was undefeated for the first year and a half of his career, going 10–0 during that time period with a majority of his wins by TKO or submission. This impressive streak earned him a shot in Strikeforce. He faced Tim Kennedy in the main event of Strikeforce Challengers 3, but lost via submission in the second round. Post-Strikeforce, <mask> fought for various independent organizations and had one appearance for Bellator Fighting Championships. He added 5 more wins and 2 losses to his record during this time. The Ultimate Fighter
In January 2013, it was revealed that <mask> was a cast member of The

masks:
Zak
Michael Cummings
Cummings
Cummings
Cummings
Cummings
Cummings


texts:
 Ultimate Fighter: Team Jones vs.Team Sonnen. He won his preliminary bout over Nik Fekete quickly by TKO with the first punch he threw. <mask> was selected by Sonnen as his third pick (fifth overall). <mask> faced Dylan Andrews in the elimination round. He lost via majority decision. Ultimate Fighting Championship
<mask> made his debut against Ben Alloway on August 28, 2013 at UFC Fight Night: Condit vs. Kampmann 2. He won the fight via submission in the first round.The win also earned him his first Submission of the Night bonus award. <mask> was expected to face Sérgio Moraes on November 30, 2013 at The Ultimate Fighter 18 Finale. However, <mask> and Moraes had to pull out of the event due to injury and were replaced by Sean Spencer and Drew Dober respectively. <mask> was expected to face promotional newcomer Alberto Mina on March 1, 2014 at The Ultimate Fighter China Finale. However, at the weigh-ins for the event, <mask> came in eight pounds over the welterweight limit. On the advice of his coaches, Mina would not agree to compete at a catch weight, so the bout was scratched from the event. <mask> faced Yan Cabral on May 10, 2014 at UFC Fight Night 40.He won the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> was briefly linked to a bout with Kenny Robertson on July 16, 2014 at UFC Fight Night 45. However, <mask> was pulled from that fight in favor of a matchup with Gunnar Nelson on July 19, 2014 at UFC Fight Night 46 after his opponent Ryan LaFlare was removed from the card. He lost the fight via rear-naked choke. <mask> was expected to face Antônio Braga Neto on July 25, 2015 at UFC on Fox 16. However, Braga Neto pulled out of

masks: Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings


texts:
 the fight in early July and was replaced by promotional newcomer Dominique Steele. <mask> won the fight by TKO in the first round.<mask> faced Nicolas Dalby on April 10, 2016 at UFC Fight Night 86, filling in for Bartosz Fabiński. He won the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> next faced Santiago Ponzinibbio on August 6, 2016 at UFC Fight Night 92. He lost the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> faced Alexander Yakovlev at UFC Fight Night 99 on November 19, 2016. He won the bout by submission in the second round. <mask> faced Nathan Coy on April 15, 2017 at UFC on Fox 24.He won the fight via technical submission due to a guillotine choke in the first round. <mask> was scheduled to face Thiago Alves on January 14, 2018 at UFC Fight Night: Stephens vs. Choi. On January 13, 2018, it was announced that <mask> injured his skull after a bathroom slip and the bout against Alves was cancelled as no replacement would be sought. <mask> faced Michel Prazeres  on May 19, 2018 at UFC Fight Night 129. He lost the back-and-forth fight via split decision. <mask> faced Trevor Smith on December 15, 2018 at UFC on Fox 31. He won the fight by unanimous decision.<mask> faced Trevin Giles on May 18, 2019 at UFC Fight Night 152. He won the fight via a guillotine choke submission in the third round. <mask> faced Omari Akhmedov on September 7, 2019 at UFC 242. He lost the fight by unanimous decision. <mask> was scheduled to face Andrew Sanchez on April 25, 2020. However, on April 9, Dana White, the president of UFC announced that this event was postponed to a future date

<mask> faced Alessio Di Chirico on August 29, 2020 at UFC Fight Night

masks: Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings


texts:
 175. He won the fight by unanimous decision.<mask> was scheduled to face Sam Alvey on April 10, 2021 at UFC on ABC 2. However on March 11, <mask> withdrew from the bout for undisclosed reasons and was replaced by Julian Marquez. Personal life
<mask> is the co-owner of Glory Fitness in Kansas City, where he also serves as a head coach. <mask> has a daughter, Kyleigh (born 2017). Team Sonnen
|  (airdate)
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 1–0
| Nik Fekete
| KO (punches)
| The Ultimate Fighter: Team Jones vs. Team Sonnen
|  (airdate)
| align=center| 1
| align=center| N/A
| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|

See also
 List of current UFC fighters
 List of male mixed martial artists

References

External links

1984 births
Living people
People from Irving, Texas
American male mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists from Texas
Welterweight mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing wrestling
Mixed martial artists utilizing Brazilian jiu-jitsu
Missouri State University alumni
Ultimate Fighting Championship male fighters
People awarded a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu
American practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsu
American male sport

masks: Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings


texts:
Patriarch <mask> (secular name <mask>, born 23 January 1929) is the primate and Patriarch of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate (1995–2018; 2019–present). He was the honorary Patriarch of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (2018–2019), and the former Metropolitan of Kyiv of the Russian Orthodox Church (1966–1992). He was defrocked and in 1997 excommunicated by the ROC. On 11 October 2018, the Patriarchate of Constantinople reinstated him in church communion. However, while restored to the episcopate, the Ecumenical Patriarchate never recognised him as Patriarch and views him as the former Metropolitan of Kyiv. On 15 December 2018, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyiv Patriarchate united with the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church and some members of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (MP) into the Orthodox Church of Ukraine; the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyiv Patriarchate thus ceased to exist. Early years
<mask> was born on 23 January 1929, into a worker's family of Anton and <mask> in the village of Blahodatne in the Amvrosiivsky Raion (district) today in the Donetsk Oblast (province) in Eastern Ukraine.He obtained his theological education at the Odessa Seminary (Moscow Patriarchate) and the Moscow Theological Academy where he became a close associate of Patriarch Alexius I of Moscow. He took monastic vows in 1950 assuming the monastic name Filaret and was ordained hierodeacon in January 1950 and priest in June 1951. After his graduation he stayed at the Moscow Theological Academy as a professor (from 1952) and Senior Assistant to the Academy inspector. In 1956 he was appointed Inspector of the Theological Seminary in Saratov and elevated to the rank of hegumen. In 1957 he was appointed Inspector of the Kyiv Theological Seminary. In July 1958 he was further elevated to the rank of Archimandrite and appointed seminary

masks:
Filaret
Mykhailo Antonovych Denysenko
Mykhailo Denysenko
Melania Denysenko


texts:
 rector. Hierarch of the Russian Orthodox Church
In 1961, <mask> served in the mission of the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) to the Patriarch of Alexandria.In January 1962 <mask> was elected vicar Bishop of the Leningrad Eparchy and, in February, was ordained bishop in Leningrad by Metropolitan Pimen (later Moscow Patriarch) and other bishops. <mask> was appointed to several diplomatic missions of the Russian Orthodox Church and from 1962 to 1964 served as ROC Bishop of Vienna and Austria. In 1964 he returned to Moscow as the Bishop of Dmitrov and rector of the Moscow Theological Academy and Seminary. In 1966, he became archbishop of Kyiv and Halych, thus becoming one of the most influential hierarchs in the Russian Orthodox Church, where the office of the Kyiv Metropolitan is highly regarded. At that time he also became a permanent member of the Holy Synod, the highest collegiate body of the Russian Orthodox Church, which has the responsibility of electing the Moscow Patriarch. In 1968 <mask> became Metropolitan of Kyiv and Galicia. As late as October 1989, Filaret was still saying, "The Uniates will never be legalized in our country."On May 3, 1990, Patriarch Pimen of Moscow died and, the same day, Filaret became the locum tenens of the Russian Orthodox Church. <mask> was not elected Patriarch of Moscow. Retrospectively, in 2019, <mask> declared "it was not by chance that I was not elected. The Lord prepared me for Ukraine"

On 27 October 1990, in a ceremony at St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv, the newly elected Patriarch Alexei II handed to Metropolitan <mask> a tomos granting "independence in self government" (the tomos did not use either of the words "autonomy" or "autocephaly") to Metropolitan <mask>, and enthroned Filaret, heretofore "Metropolitan of Kyiv", as "Metropolitan of Kyiv and All-Ukraine". In 1992, the Russian Orthodox priest and

masks: Filaret Filaret Filaret Filaret Filaret Filaret Filaret Filaret


texts:
 Soviet dissident Fr. Gleb Yakunin accused Exarch <mask> of having been an informer for the KGB. Father Gleb stated that he had seen KGB files which listed Exarch <mask>'s codename as Antonov.According to internal KGB documents, tasks the KGB assigned <mask> as an agent included promoting Soviet positions and candidates in the World Council of Churches (WCC), the Christian Peace Conference (CPC) and other international bodies, and, by the 1980s, backing the Soviet authorities’ attempts to prevent the long-suppressed Ukrainian Catholic Church (disparagingly called ‘Uniates’) from regaining an open existence, and backing state attempts to prevent religious believers demanding their rights as glasnost and perestroika opened up the sphere of public debate. In 2018, <mask> declared in an interview with Radio Liberty that he, like all bishops under communism, had to have contacts with the KGB. In 2019, he declared every bishop of the Moscow Patriarchate had to have contact with the KGB, even when it came to appoint a bishop. He added that he had been trained by the Politburo and Patriarch Alexy by the KGB. Creation of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kyiv Patriarchate

Following Ukraine's declaration of independence from the Soviet Union on 24 August 1991, a national sobor of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church was held from November 1–3. At the sobor, the voting delegates, (who included all UOC bishops, clergy and lay delegates from each diocese; a delegate from each monastery and seminary, and recognized lay brotherhood) unanimously passed a resolution stating that henceforth the UOC would operate as an autocephalous church. A separate resolution, also unanimous, affirmed the church's desire for Metropolitan <mask> to become its Primate.<mask> convened an assembly at the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra in January 1992 that adopted a request of autocephaly for

masks: Filaret Filaret Filaret Filaret Filaret Filaret


texts:
 Ukrainians to the Moscow Patriarch. In March–April 1992, the Hierarchical Council of the Russian Orthodox Church met with a single agenda item: to consider the resolution passed by the UOC Sobor four months earlier. Although the issue itself was not discussed, <mask> was asked to resign. On the second day of the meeting, Metropolitan <mask> agreed to submit his resignation to the UOC Synod, and the ROC Synod passed a resolution which stated:

"The Council of Bishops took into account the statement of the Most Reverend <mask>, Metropolitan of Kyiv and of All-Ukraine, that for the sake of church peace, at the next Council of Bishops of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, he will submit a request to be relieved from the position of the Primate of the UOC. Understanding of the position of Metropolitan <mask>, the Council of Bishops expressed to him its gratitude for the long period of labour as Archbishop of the See of Kyiv and blessed him to carry out his episcopal service in another diocese of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church." However, after returning to Kyiv, <mask> recanted his resignation. On 14 April, Metropolitan <mask> held a press conference in which he alleged that undue pressure was exerted at the ROC Synod in Moscow, both directly and through threats made by FSK personnel who, he said, were present at the gathering.<mask> stated that he was retracting his resignation on the grounds that his resignation "would not bring peace to the Church, would contradict the will of the believers, and would be uncanonical." Suspension and anathemization
Shortly thereafter, the Russian Orthodox Church, unable to prevent the creation of what it viewed as a "schismatic church" in independent Ukraine, helped to organize a rival synod which was held in Kharkiv in May 1992. These bishops elected a bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church, Bishop Volodymyr (Sabodan),

masks: Filaret Filaret Filaret Filaret Filaret Filaret Filaret


texts:
 Metropolitan of Kyiv, and received recognition from Moscow as the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate). <mask> was suspended on 27 May 1992 by the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate). The bishops loyal to Metropolitan <mask> and a similar group from the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (another recently revived church in Ukraine) organized a unifying sobor which was held on 25 June 1992. The delegates agreed to form a combined church named the Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kyiv Patriarchate (UOC-KP) under the patriarch they elected, Patriarch Mstyslav. Filaret was defrocked by the Russian Orthodox Church on 11 July 1992.The UOC-KP was not recognized by other Orthodox churches and was considered schismatic. Filaret was then anathemized by the Russian Orthodox Church in 1997. ROC officials stated that the anathematization of Filaret was "recognized by all the Local Orthodox Churches including the Church of Constantinople" The synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate did indeed recognize, in a July 1992 letter to Patriarch Alexy II, the defrocking of Filaret by the ROC,  and the Ecumenical Patriarch recognized the anathemization of Filaret in a letter of April 1997 to Patriarch Alexy II. Filaret was also accused by the ROC of having a wife and three children, but it was "never proved". Leadership of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kyiv Patriarchate

After the death of Patriarch Mstyslav in 1993, the church was headed by Patriarch Volodymyr, and in July 1995, upon the death of Volodymyr, <mask> was elected head of the UOC-KP by a vote of 160–5. Metropolitan <mask> consecrated at least 85 bishops. It was reported that he suffered an assassination attempt in 2018.On 11 October 2018, the Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople announced that <mask> Denisenko, along with the Primate of UAOC, had been

masks: Filaret Filaret Filaret Filaret Filaret


texts:
 "restored to communion with the Church." The decision of the Ecumenical Patriarchate also abolished the Moscow Patriarchate's jurisdiction over the diocese of Kyiv and hence all the bishops concerned were viewed by the Ecumenical Patriarchate as being under its jurisdiction. On 20 October 2018, the UOC-KP changed the title of its head, to "His Holiness and Beatitude (name), Archbishop and Metropolitan of Kyiv – Mother of the Rus Cities and of Galicia, Patriarch of All Rus-Ukraine, Holy Archimandrite of the Holy Assumption Kyiv-Pechersk and Pochaev Lavras". The abridged form is "His Holiness (name), Patriarch of Kyiv and All Russia-Ukraine" and the form for interchurch relations "Archbishop, Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Rus'-Ukraine". The fact the full title and the version for interchurch relations mention the titles of "archbishop" and "metropolitan" and not the title of "patriarch", but that the abridged form mentioned only the title of "patriarch" has been confusing for some. The Russian Orthodox Church reacted by commenting that this new title was a "farce" and that for them <mask> "was and remains a schismatic". In the OCU
On 15 December 2018, the hierarchs of the UAOC decided to dissolve the UAOC, and the hierarchs of the UOC-KP decided to dissolve the UOC-KP.This was done because on the same day the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate, and some members of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) were going to merge to form the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU) after a unification council. <mask> was given the title of the "honorary patriarch" Orthodox Church of Ukraine. Volodymyr Burega, Professor and Vice-Rector of the Kyiv Theological Academy, explains this title this way: "in December [2018], no one wanted to aggravate relationships with Patriarch Philaret, since holding

masks: Filaret Filaret


texts:
 the council and receiving the Tomos were at stake. That is why the council, which took place on December 15, did not clarify the new status of Patriarch Filaret. After the unification council of the OCU, they stated that Filaret was henceforth "honorary patriarch", but what this phrase meant was difficult to understand. Indeed, such status is not stipulated in the Charter of the OCU, adopted on December 15." On 18 December 2018, Filaret's 90th birthday, the 23rd of January 2019, was voted by the Ukrainian parliament as a day of national celebration for the year 2019.On 16 January 2019, Filaret asked to be commemorated before Epiphanius, the primate of the OCU, during Divine Liturgies. He signed the document asking for it with "<mask>, Patriarch of Kyiv and All Rus-Ukraine" On 20 January 2019, <mask> declared in an interview when asked about his role in the Orthodox Church of Ukraine: "I am a patriarch, I have been and I remain a patriarch. Today, the Head of the Local Church is Metropolitan Epifaniy, but I do not refuse to participate in the development of the Ukrainian Church. I am an unrecognized patriarch for world Orthodoxy, but for Ukraine I am a patriarch and I remain a patriarch"

On 5 February 2019, the Holy Synod of the OCU appointed Filaret the diocesan bishop of Kyiv, except for the St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery. In an interview published by BBC Ukraine on 1 March 2019, Epiphanius explained the situation around Filaret as follows:

Conflict

A conflict erupted between <mask> and Epiphanius because of disagreements concerning the model of governance, the management of the diaspora, the name and the statute of the OCU. According to Filaret, the agreement reached at the unification council was as follows: "the primate is responsible for the external representation of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (UOC), and the patriarch is

masks: Filaret Filaret Filaret


texts:
 responsible for the internal church life in Ukraine, but in cooperation with the primate. The primate shall do nothing in the church without the consent of the patriarch.The patriarch chairs the meetings of the Holy Synod and the UOC meetings for the sake of preserving unity, its growth, and affirmation." <mask> considers this agreement has not been fulfilled. Political views
In March 2014, <mask> publicly opposed the annexation of Crimea by Russia. On 5 September 2014, amidst the 2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine, Filaret held a service to consecrate a memorial cross to the Heavenly Hundred. Filaret declared during his service that in the Orthodox church had appeared "among the rulers of this world [...] a real new Cain" who "calls himself a brother to the Ukrainian people, but in fact according to his deeds [...] really became the new Cain, shedding the brotherly blood and entangling the whole world with lies" and that "Satan went into him, as into Judas Iscariot". The statement was published on the official website of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate in English, Russian and Ukrainian. Publications such as Church Times, Cogwriter, and Ecumenical News identified <mask>'s "new Cain" with Russian President Vladimir Putin.<mask> said that the local population in Donbass "must pay for their guilt [in rejecting Kyiv’s authority] through suffering and blood". COVID-19
In March 2020, during a TV interview, <mask> called the COVID-19 pandemic a "divine punishment" for same-sex marriage. He was later sued by Kyiv-based LGBT-rights group InSight for his remarks. Early September 2020, it was announced that <mask> himself had been tested positive for COVID-19 and admitted to hospital. In an interview released in March 2020 to the Ukraine Channel 4, he declared that the Holy Eucharist could be administrated from one spoon,


texts:
 because it is impossible to get viruses from the gloriously resurrected Body of Jesus Christ God. The statement is based on the belief in the impassibility of God the Father and of the corresponding impassibility of God the Son before his Incarnation in the womb of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the regain of the same impassibility at the time of the Resurrection three days after the death on the cross and the previous Passion. Awards

 Order "For intellectual courage" of the independent cultural magazine I (2018)

State awards

Ukraine
  (2009)
 The Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise 1st (2008), 2nd (2006), 3rd (2003), 4th (2001) and 5th (1999) Cl.The Cross of Ivan Mazepa (2011)
Hero of Ukraine (2019)

USSR
 The Order of Friendship of Peoples (1980)
 The Order of the Red Banner of Labour (1988)

Notes

See also

 History of Christianity in Ukraine
 List of Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Ukraine
Conflict between Filaret and Epiphanius

References

External links

Patriarch of Kyiv and all Rus-Ukraine Filaret at the Institute of Religion and Society of the Ukrainian Catholic University
 Filaret (Denysenko) in The World of Religions. 1929 births
Living people
People from Amvrosiivka Raion
20th-century Eastern Orthodox bishops
21st-century Eastern Orthodox bishops
Anti-same-sex-marriage activists
History of Christianity in Ukraine
Russian Orthodox clergy who spied for the Soviet Union
Ukrainian spies for the Soviet Union
First Hierarchs of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyivan Patriarchate
Christian Peace Conference members
Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise
Recipients of the Cross of Ivan Mazepa
First Hierarchs of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)
Russian Orthodox bishops of Kyiv
People excommunicated by the Russian Orthodox Church
Recipients of the title of Hero of Ukraine
Bishops of the Orthodox Church


texts:
<mask> (March 19, 1933 – July 26, 2021) was an American artist known for urban paintings, pastels, and charcoal drawings of pedestrian scenes transformed by light. He was associated with a revival in figurative representation in American art during the 1950s and 1960s. <mask> was born in Gettysburg, PA, and he grew up in Mercersburg, PA. He attended Mercersburg Academy and University of Iowa. He moved to New York City in 1955 to begin his career as a professional artist, and lived there until 1996 when he moved to Rhinebeck, NY. Early life

In 1933, Dr. and Mrs. Paul A<mask>, moved from their parents' homes in Gettysburg, PA to Mercersburg, PA, only a few months after the birth of their second son, <mask>. Dr. Clutz was a recent graduate of the University of Pennsylvania Medical School.He enlisted in the navy in 1941, returning from the Pacific Theater in 1946. Mrs. Clutz received a B.A. in Art History from Barnard College, and was aware of the contemporary art world of the time. <mask> indicated an early interest in the arts as a child. At age 11, it was suggested that he study art with a recent Mercersburg resident, Thomas Danaher. Danaher (1908–1975) and his wife, Ellen, had moved to Mercersburg in 1944, soon after Thomas had finished his tour of duty in the Navy. He was a New York City native, and had studied art at the Cooper Union and at the Art Students League.He had studied under Hans Hoffman and Rockwell Kent. Clutz continued to study with Danaher when the latter began teaching at the nearby Washington County Museum of Fine Arts. Clutz attended Mercersburg Academy from 1947 to 1951 and continued his studies with Danaher, as the academy offered no art courses at that time. Clutz attended the University of Iowa from 1951 to 1955. During this time, he began exhibiting his own paintings in local shows, winning 1st prize at the annual Washington County Museum Regional Cumberland

masks:
William Clutz
Clutz
. Clutz
William
William Clutz


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 Valley Artists Exhibition in 1952, 1953, 1957 and an honorable mention at the 1954 Iowa Annual in Des Moines, Iowa. Career
In 1955, <mask> moved to New York City, and began his career as a professional artist. Situated in an area of other struggling artists, he lived on East 9th St. between Avenues B and C near Tompkins Square Park, the subject of several of his early works.He supported his painting career by working a number of part-time jobs. In 1957, he briefly took classes at the Art Students League in Manhattan. In New York, abstract expressionism was the orthodox approach to art at the time. However, Clutz was committed to his personal style that focused on abstracted human figures within urban tableaux. Working in a context of artists who challenged abstract expressionism's popularity in New York, Clutz established himself as a significant proponent of abstract figuration. His paintings focus on human figures within the urban environment, often exposing the transfiguration of his subjects as they travel through the complex light of city streets or summer parks, as shown in two of his early works, "Figures, 1960" and "Summer Park, 1960". Clutz's interest in working from direct observation of urban life was influenced by a long-standing interest in German Expressionism, as well as artists like Henri Matisse, Arshile Gorky, and Nicholas De Stael, and also Albert Ryder's series of reductive seascapes.At points in his career, interest in <mask>'s charcoal drawings or his pastels competed with interest in his paintings. In 1961, he began producing a series of large charcoal drawings at the request of his dealer, David Herbert. In 1962, <mask> joined the Bertha Schaefer Gallery on 57th Street, where his drawings continued to be in demand throughout the 1960s. In 1971, Brooke Alexander, a young contemporary print publisher and dealer, asked Clutz to create a colored print. After Clutz

masks: Clutz Clutz Clutz


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 produced a series of large pastels, Alexander agreed to show them in his gallery. . He continued to sell <mask>'s pastels throughout the 1970s. Clutz produced some hand colored prints for Brooke Alexander during this period; some of these were exhibited by Alexander in "Hand-colored Prints", 1973.In the 1970s, <mask> continued to sell many pastels and paintings through the Alonzo Gallery on 57th Street. Many of these pastels were shown in his exhibition in the Walther-Rathenau-Saal, Berlin 1978. The Alonzo Gallery closed in 1980, and in 1981 <mask> became represented by the nearby 57th St. Tatistcheff Gallery. He exhibited pastels often there in group and solo shows. Clutz left the gallery because he was more interested in showing paintings rather than pastels. After leaving Tatistcheff, Clutz continued to show pastels in Los Angeles at Terrence Rogers Fine Art. In 1997 Clutz exhibited paintings at the Nicholas Davies Gallery in Manhattan's Greenwich Village, NY.  .He also exhibited new paintings at Carrie Haddad Gallery, Hudson, NY. After seeing these exhibitions, Katharina Rich Perlow invited Clutz to join her gallery, which happened to be located in same 57th St. building as Clutz's 1960s dealer, Bertha Schaefer. Clutz continued to show often and successfully at this gallery until it closed in 2009. The artist was elected to the National Academy of Design in 2005. In a review of Clutz's retrospective exhibition in 2002, "<mask>z: Five Decades of New York Streets", Ken Johnson writes:

Clutz taught painting and drawing at Parsons The New School for Design from 1970 to 1992. Before that, he taught at the University of Minnesota, Duluth, from 1967 to 1968. He also participated in a teaching exchange at the Gerrit Rietveld Academie, Amsterdam, and the Royal Academy, The Hague, in 1984.He received the Distinguished Teaching Award at Parsons The New School for Design in 1989. In 1996,

masks:
Clutz
Clutz
Clutz
William Clut


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 <mask> moved from Manhattan to Rhinebeck, NY, where he resided. He retired in 2008. <mask> died on July 26, 2021. John F. Sheehy, Clutz's partner for 30 years, an antiques dealer and Ireland native, died in 2007. Selected important works in major collections

Significant works by Clutz are included in the collections of Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, DC; Washington County Museum of Fine Arts, MD; The Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY; National Academy Museum, NY; Dayton Art Institute, OH; Museum of Modern Art, NY; Newark Museum, NJ; Museum of the City of New York, NY; Tweed Museum of Art, MN; Hudson River Museum, NY; Mercersburg Academy, PA; Telfair Museum of Art, Savannah, GA; Corcoran Gallery of Art, DC; The Brooklyn Museum, NY; Huntsville Museum of Art, LA; and others. His works are also included in many corporate collections, including Chase Bank, NY; Third National Bank and Trust, Dayton, OH; Bradley Family Foundation (Lynden Sculpture Garden), Milwaukee, WI; First Bank Minneapolis, MN; Minnesota Mutual, St. Paul, MN; Mobil Corp. Fairfax, VA; McKinsey and Co., NY, and others.His career materials are deposited in the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Fifteen of his major works and associated documentation comprise his legacy collection at the Washington County Museum of Fine Arts. Saur Verlage, Munich, Leipsig, April 1995
 Johnson, Ken, Review, The New York Times, Nov. 29 2002
 Woods, Jean, <mask>z Retrospective, Washington County Museum of Fine Arts
 Of Time and Place: American figurative Art from the Corcoran Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, 1981, "Bill Clutz", exhibition catalogue, Walter-Rathenau-Saal, Berlin, Germany, 1978
 Mangan, Doreen, "<mask>z Captures The Soul Of a City," American Artist, February 1978. 1933 births
2021 deaths
20th-century American painters
American male painters
21st-century American painters
People from

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Clutz
Clutz
William Clut
William Clut


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<mask> (; c. 1755 – 6 February 1791) was a French aristocrat of mixed descent who instigated a rebellion against white colonial authority in French Saint-Domingue that lasted from October to December 1790 in the area outside Cap-Français, the colony's main city. <mask>'s revolt of 1790 foretold the massive slave uprising of August 1791 that eventually led to the Haitian Revolution. Biography
<mask> was a wealthy and educated free man of colour born in Dondon, Saint-Domingue, of one-quarter African descent and three-quarters French ancestry (a "quadroon"). He was the third son of <mask>, a white man, and Jacqueline Ossé, a free woman of color. With eight children, the <mask> family was large, and <mask> is often confused with his older brother Jacques, who was also involved in what was known as the Ogé revolt. The family owned a coffee plantation in Dondon parish and his mother later held a contract to supply meat to the town's butchers. Educated in Bordeaux,  <mask> returned to work with his uncle and namesake <mask>, a merchant in the major colonial city of Cap-Français (today's Cap-Haïtien).<mask> jeune (the younger), as he was called for most of his life, eventually took over his uncle's business. He leased valuable urban properties, traded coffee and imported French products to the colony. In 1789 he was in Paris on business when the French Revolution broke out. By August of that year he had approached a group of colonial planters living in Paris to propose changing racial laws in the colony that discriminated against light-skinned men regardless of their wealth and education. Independently Julien Raimond, from a similar background in Saint-Domingue, spoke to the group of planters about the same time. When the planters (called grands blancs)

masks:
Vincent Ogé
Ogé
Ogé
Jacques Ogé
Ogé
Vincent
Ogé
Vincent Ogé
Vincent Ogé


texts: rebuffed their ideas, <mask> and Raimond began to attend meetings in Paris of a group headed by Étienne Dejoly, a white lawyer. He was a member of the Society of the Friends of the Blacks (Société des Amis des Noirs), an anti-slavery society founded in 1788 in Paris by Jacques Pierre Brissot.Together with Dejoly, Raimond and <mask> quickly became the leaders of this group. They began to pressure the French National Assembly to give them representation and to force the colonists to allow voting rights for wealthy free men of color. Like others of their class, both men owned slaves in Saint-Domingue, and they claimed they did not intend to weaken slavery. Instead, they said, making free men of color equal to whites in political rights would strengthen their devotion to France and make the system of slavery more secure. In October 1790 <mask> returned to Saint-Domingue determined to obtain voting privileges for free men of color, whether by persuasion or force. He believed that an amendment passed by the General Assembly of France in March of that year asserted the equality of free men of property. It read "all the proprietors... ought to be active citizens."<mask> believed this gave him the right to vote in upcoming colonial elections. He put pressure on the colonial governor and other authorities to guarantee the voting rights of wealthy free men of color; the colonial governor Count de Blanchelande refused. While free men of color had become educated and some were wealthy property owners, colonial laws excluded them from voting and holding office, and limited them in other ways. After his return to Saint-Domingue, <mask> sent this letter from Grande Rivière, his camp in the Department of the North, to the President of the Assembly of that

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Ogé
Ogé
Ogé
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Vincent Ogé


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 department:

With support <mask> obtained from the British abolitionist Thomas Clarkson in London, <mask> returned to Saint-Domingue via Charleston, South Carolina. Though planters accused him of purchasing firearms in the United States, there is no evidence of this. In October 1790, he arrived in Saint-Domingue. Meeting with Jean-Baptiste Chavannes, another free man of color, militiaman, and veteran of the American Revolution, <mask> soon gathered a force of about 250 to 300 free men of color.This group of men successfully defeated or frightened away several detachments of colonial militia sent out from Cap-Français. <mask> and his rebels were flushed out by a larger force of professional soldiers and forced across the border into the Spanish colony of Santo Domingo. On 20 November 1790, <mask> and 23 of his associates, including Jean-Baptiste Chavannes, were captured in Hinche, then part of the Spanish controlled part of Hispaniola. They surrendered after receiving guarantees of safety, but the Spanish authorities nevertheless returned <mask> and his men to the colonial government of de Blanchelande in Le Cap. <mask> was brutally executed by being broken on the wheel in the public square in Le Cap on 6 February 1791. Dozens more of his men were severely punished in February 1791. Their treatment served only to heat up the already boiling cauldron of dissatisfaction among free men of color and slaves in the colony.Ogé became an important symbol of the injustices of a colonial slave society that wanted to restrict the benefits of the French Revolution to whites only. See also
 Free people of color
 Affranchi
 Slavery in Haiti
 History of Haiti

References
 Beard, J. R. (John Relly) (1863). Toussaint L'Ouverture: A Biography and Autobiography, Boston:

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Ogé
Ogé
Ogé
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Vincent Ogé


texts:
 James Redpath, Archived by Academic Affairs Library, University of North Carolina
Garrigus, John D. (2010). "'Thy Coming Fame, Ogé! Is Sure': New Evidence on Ogé's 1790 Revolt and the Beginnings of the Haitian Revolution", pages 19–45 in John Garrigus and Chris Morris, eds, Assumed Identities: The Meanings of Race in the Atlantic World (Texas A&M University Press, 2010)
 James, C. L. R. (1989). The Black Jacobins. Toussaint L'Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution, New York: Vintage Press, (2nd edn, Revised)
 Kennedy, Roger G. (1989).Orders from France: The Americans and the French in a Revolutionary World, 1780–1820, New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Rainsford, Marcus (1805). An Historical Account of the Black Empire of Hayti: Comprehending a View of the Principal Transactions in the Revolution of Saint-Domingo; with its Ancient and Modern State, London (first published in 1802)
 Lacroix, Pamphile & Pluchon, Pierre (1995) La Révolution de Haïti: texte intégral de l'édition originale, Paris:Karthala Editions. (originally published as Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire de la Révolution de Saint-Domingue, Paris: Pillet aîné, 1819)
 Langston, John Mercer. (1858) "The World's Anti-Slavery Movement: Its Heroes and its Triumphs", (Lecture, Xenia and Cleveland, Ohio, 2 and 3 August 1858), Oberlin College (retrieved 9 January 2009). Footnotes

External links
 The Louverture Project: "<mask>gé"
 "Motion Made by <mask> the Younger to the Assembly of Colonists, 1789", Center for History and New Media, George Mason University

1750s births
1791 deaths
Executed Haitian people
Executed revolutionaries
Haitian people of French descent
People executed during the French Revolution
People from Cap-Haïtien
People of Saint-Domingue
Haitian independence activists
People

masks:
Vincent O
Vincent Ogé


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<mask> (1887-1971) was an American educator and education theorist. An early proponent of the progressive education movement of John Dewey, <mask> was the driving force behind the creation of the New College, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York City. He was its chairman from 1932 to 1938. <mask> was described by his contemporaries as a hard-working, pragmatic man and a common sense academic with a genius for organization and a love of education. Early life (1887-1913)
<mask> was born on July 3, 1887, in Smicksburg, Pennsylvania, to <mask> and <mask>, one of four children. He had two older brothers, <mask> and Wallace P<mask>, and a younger sister, Ethel M<mask>. A move to Kirksville, Missouri was precipitated by a tenuous family situation that led to the separation of young <mask>'s parents when he was very young.William John <mask>, who was at one time President of Beaver College (now Arcadia University) in Beaver, Pennsylvania, ended up in San Francisco, California, where he died in 1926. The relationship <mask> had with his father is not known, as there was little contact between them. By the age of 14, he was enrolled in the Kirksville Public School system graduating from Kirksville Public High School at the age of 16 in 1903. He attended the First District Normal School (later, Truman State University) in Kirksville, graduating with a Bachelor of Pedagogy (Pd.B.) in 1905 and later receiving a Master of Pedagogy (M.Pd) in 1907. While working on his master's degree, he taught in Kirksville, rising to the role of principal by 1906. <mask> applied to the University of Missouri only to find disappointment when he was told he would not be given credit for the work he had done at the normal school.<mask> started Columbia University studying German on September 25,

masks:
Richard Thomas Alexander
Alexander
Alexander
Richard Alexander
Mary Elizabeth Wilhelm Alexander
William John Alexander
John Wilhelm Alexander
. Alexander
. Alexander
Thomas
Alexander
Richard Alexander
Alexander
Alexander


texts: 1907, on a trial basis. Coming from a rural setting, <mask> did not let himself be bored in the big city. He obtained employment during the week downtown as an usher in the theater district, including the Metropolitan Opera House. It was very good pay, however most of the performances were at night which ordinarily might interfere with studies. <mask> sensibly saw an advantage to the situation. Reminiscing years later to his son, <mask> said there wasn't much work to do as an usher. He went down to the theater every night at a certain time, showed people to their seats, and after the first act started, he was basically finished.After seeing the show a few times he then took a book to study and read. Later in his life he would tell students that if you must get a job, try to get one where you would have the opportunity to learn something. <mask> knew that every experience could be a learning moment. In finding employment, even part-time, one should seek a position where the brain is challenged rather than numbed in robotic drudgery. <mask> always advocated pedagogy of “lifelong learning” and lived it as an example of a positive life choice. After receiving the undergraduate credit he sought, <mask> applied and received a year's leave of absence to spend the 1908–1909 school year teaching overseas and studying German at the University of Jena with Professor Wilhelm Rein. He had obtained employment teaching science at Robert College, a boys' school in Constantinople, Turkey, until the Adana Massacre prompted him to Germany.Returning to New York, <mask> completed all the academic requirements to graduate in 1909, but had to wait until, 1910, to receive his A.B. diploma because of a certain physical education requirement. <mask> needed to demonstrate his ability to swim the

masks: Alexander Alexander Alexander Alexander Alexander Alexander Alexander Alexander


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 length of a pool and receive a certificate of completion. It was not that he did not know how to swim; he just thought the requirement was silly and so he put it off until it was too late to register for the 1909 commencement. This event caused <mask> to think that there was something seriously wrong with an education curriculum that was so structured. The philosopher Dr. Mortimer J. Adler suffered a similar fate as he failed to pass the required swimming test for a bachelor's degree at Columbia College. Like <mask>, he considered it a nuisance.Adler never received his A.B. degree, but so impressed the faculty he was allowed into graduate school to complete his doctorate in psychiatry. Dr. Adler later received his A. B. degree in 1983. <mask> accepted a position teaching science at Heathcote School(also known as Heathcote Hall) in Harrison, Westchester County, New York, about twenty-five miles north from Manhattan. This was a private boarding school for young boys. During the summer break <mask> returned to Europe to continue his graduate studies.At Columbia University he skipped the desire to complete a master's program and registered as a doctoral student with Dr. Paul Monroe during which time he was also a graduate assistant to Dr. Edward L. Thorndike. Nashville and Peabody(1914-1924)
1n 1914, <mask> received an appointment to the George Peabody College for Teachers, in Nashville, TN. It let him solidify some of his thoughts about teacher education, the concept of community, and curriculum theory. It would show him that the logistics of starting a school within a school is very feasible. It would also introduce him to a couple of people who would forever change his life, Grace Elizabeth Andrews, his future wife, and William Fletcher Russell, son of Teachers College Dean

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texts:
 James Earl Russell. The next year, 1915, was significant for <mask> in that he would receive academic acclaim as the founder of the Peabody Demonstration School and a contributor to the establishment of the Knapp Farm. The school lasted as a part of the Peabody College campus until 1974, when the college decided to close it.Afterwards, a sympathetic group of parents, alumni, students and teachers re-formed the demonstration school as the University School of Nashville, a non-profit, independent institution. <mask> completed his dissertation and received his doctorate in 1916, submitting his dissertation entitled The Prussian Elementary Schools. The work, a detailed description of Prussian educational practices before the war, was published in book form in 1919. This is significant because, <mask>'s next major work, (co-written with Beryl Parker) entitled The New Education in the German Republic, offered a detailed description of German education after the war, in contrast to his first book. <mask> and Russell spent three years in Nashville together at one time briefly sharing an apartment until Russell left in 1917 to become Dean of the College of Education at the State University of Iowa. In 1923 Russell became a professor of education and associate director of the International Institute at Teachers College until he succeeded his father as Dean of Teachers College in 1927. It was Russell that brought <mask> to the faculty at Columbia as part of the International Institute and later, it was Russell who approved the creation of New College.International Institute of Teachers College (1924-1930)
In 1923, Russell left Iowa to accept the position of Associate Director of the International Institute of Teachers College, with Paul Monroe as Director. In 1924, Dr. <mask> was

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Alexander
Alexander
Alexander
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Thomas Alexander


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 asked to become part of the staff joining Isaac Leon Kandel, Lester L. Wilson, Stephen P. Duggan, Milton C. Del Manzo, George Counts, and Ruth McMurry. <mask> was the German expert at the institute and as such he returned to Europe many times and cultivated friendships with Dr. Fritz Karsen, Dr. Franz Hilker, Dr. Peter Petersen, Paul Geheeb, and Adolphe Ferrière. New College (1930-1939)
All of <mask>'s experiences thus far convinced him that a new type of teachers college was necessary to address the social issues of the day. Originally, New College's progressive foundations, its philosophical origins, and its influences were the Concept of Community, Critical Pedagogy, and German Progressive Education. After the planning for the new college began, the United States suffered the economic upheaval that was the Great Depression. Resulting influences then included Social Reconstruction and Student Activism.There was a planned departure from traditional teacher-training institutions by placing special emphasis on child nature and development through experiences designed to give the student an insight into the problems of contemporary social life. <mask> sought to develop a critical consciousness in his students for intellectually based social leadership and provide guidance in effectually meeting the universally persistent problems of living, that is, the essential problems of living that students and in reality, all humans, would face in all stages of their development as individuals, as members of social groups, and as teachers of children and adults. Using innovative ideas such as extended foreign study, community-based active research, and authentic assessment, a portfolio-based undergraduate learning curriculum was developed which rejected traditional summative grades or

masks: Alexander Alexander Alexander


texts: the accumulation of credits as the basis of degree completion. The logistics and managerial challenges of starting an institution of higher learning from the ground up must have been daunting. It was here that <mask> proved himself to be an organizational genius. His handprint was on everything, from finding classrooms and dormitories to the formation of the curriculum and the selection of the initial faculty and first students. The worsening socio-economic atmosphere fueled the rise of communism and socialism in America's cities.In the world, New College students saw the rise of Hitler in Germany, Japanese aggression in Manchuria, the Italian invasion of Ethiopia, and the tragedy of the Spanish Civil War. As a result, many New College students became politically active, encouraged by the philosophy of community-based active research. Some students, avowed communists and socialists, were given “credit” and in one case, a scholarship, for organizing and participating in demonstrations, protests and pickets. By 1938, Dean William F. Russell had to decide that the experimental institution was a financial failure. Indeed, the figures in the budget were very clear. New College was in a continual state of deficit spending, but then again, so was every other college or university in the United States, Teachers College included. A college or university that ran in the black during the Depression was a rarity.Although notoriously apolitical, <mask> found himself governing the college through a highly politicized decade steeped in extreme idealism calling for social action. <mask> didn't consider himself a “progressive” or an iconic figure of reform like Kilpatrick or Counts, but rather he was an educator who knew that the teacher, a competent and cultured one, makes the difference


texts:
 in any community or society. Because he never liked to play the political game the extreme left would accuse him of anti-Semitism and being a secret Nazi sympathizer, while the extreme right would hold up his college, the reflection of his educational philosophy, as an example of communist infiltration in higher education. New College closed in 1939. World War II (1939-1946)
The closing of New College hit <mask> hard. Although, still technically a member of the Teachers College faculty, he spent the war years teaching sporadically and helping other New College faculty in their endeavors to keep the college's unique philosophy alive. Had New College not existed, <mask> may very well have been regarded as an early pioneer of comparative education, along with Kandel, especially through his close friendship with Drs.Franz Hilker and Friedrich Schneider, who both were highly regarded in the burgeoning field of comparative education. The innovation of foreign study as a requirement lived on in Dr. Agnes Snyder, who soon left after the closing of New College, eventually becoming the chairman of the Department of Education at Adelphi College. In this position she called on <mask> to renew his vision of New College through Adelphi's New Teachers Education Program (ANTEP), which required foreign study as part of the program. Later, in a letter to alumni of New College, <mask> wrote that in 1945 "at a dinner in my home one night, William Russell said, 'Tom, the biggest mistake in my life was to close New College'. Dr. <mask> answered, 'It's a hell of a time to find that out'.”

<mask> <mask> purchased the land where the New College Community was near Canton, North Carolina, where he lived until his death on October 16, 1971. Postwar Germany
When one of his New College students and

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Alexander
Alexander
Alexander
Thomas Alexander
Alexander
Richard Thomas
Alexander


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 protege, John W. Taylor, was appointed to lead the E &RA (Education & Religious Affairs) branch of OMGUS, the Office of Military Government, United States in the American Zone of post-war Germany, <mask> was in 1946 recruited to advise on rebuilding the German education system, drawing up recommendations which made Dewey's educational ideals central to the project. <mask> and Taylor worked for the relatively minuscule E&RA branch whose first mandate was simply to get the children off the streets.The attempts were not successful partly due to <mask>'s non-political nature. Echoing his intransigence to non-educational aims, <mask> and Taylor did not try to reach out to political allies who might help them but rather chose their counterparts in Germany, secondary education scholars. The unwillingness of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Church and other Christian entities to accept a one-track school system because of concerns about lowered standards soon discredited the American attempt to reform German education, which was effectively abandoned in 1948. For his efforts, nonetheless, <mask> was awarded a medal by the German Government. Publications
<mask>, R. T. (1919) The Prussian Elementary Schools. New York, NY: Macmillan. <mask>, R. T. (1927) Practice Teaching in Germany for Elementary and Secondary teachers.Educational Administration and Supervision, 13, 289–291. <mask>, R. T. & Kandel, I. L. (1927) The Reorganization of Education in Prussia. New York, NY: Teachers College, Columbia University. <mask>, R. T. & Parker, B. (1929) The New Education in the German Republic. New York, NY: John Day Co.
<mask>, R. T. (1929) The Training of Elementary Teachers in Germany. New York, NY: Teachers College, Columbia University.<mask>, R. T. (1930) A Wider Extension of the Content

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 of Student Teaching. Educational Administration and Supervision, 16, 352-358
<mask>, R. T. (1930) Need for the establishment of an experimental teachers college. New York, NY: Teachers College, Columbia University. <mask>, R. T. (1931) Plan for a Demonstration Teachers College. Virginia Teacher, 12, 192–195. <mask>, R. T. (1931) New teachers college. School and Society, 34, 528.<mask>, R. T. (1933) Significance of New College. National Education Association, Proceedings of the Seventy-first Annual Meeting, Chicago, 730–735. <mask>, R. T. (1935) Basic aims, scope, and organization of the curriculum of New College for the education of teachers. Proceedings of the Institute for Higher Institutions, 75–95. <mask>, R. T., Snyder, A., Morris, M., & Limbert, P. (1935) New College and its community building program. Unpublished manuscript, New College, Columbia University. <mask>, R. T. (1936) New College program for the education of teachers of social science.Educational Administration and Supervision, 22, 447–470. <mask>, R. T., Snyder, A., & Stratemeyer, F. (1937) "The curriculum at New College." In B. Lamar Johnson (Ed. ), What about survey courses. New York, NY: Holt and Company. References

20th-century American educators
Teachers College, Columbia University faculty
1887 births
1971 deaths
People from Indiana County,


texts:
Collier "P. J.<mask>. (born October 14, 1969) is an American former professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The ,  center/power forward was selected out of Louisiana Tech University by the New Jersey Nets with the 29th overall pick in the 1992 NBA draft, but began his NBA career only in the 1993–94 season. He was voted into the NBA All-Defensive Second Team three times, in 1997, 1999 and 2001, and won the NBA Sportsmanship Award in 2004. He attended Winnfield Senior High School in Winnfield, Louisiana, where he played for the Winnfield Tigers, and has played professionally for the Nets, Miami Heat, Charlotte Hornets, New Orleans Hornets, Chicago Bulls and Boston Celtics. <mask> retired from the NBA after winning an NBA championship with the Celtics in 2008.College
<mask> played four years at Louisiana Tech and averaged 10.1 points and 8.4 rebounds per game in 121 contests. He left Louisiana Tech as the Bulldogs' second all-time leader in blocks with 241, and fifth in rebounds with 1,017. NBA career

New Jersey Nets (1993–1996)
<mask> was selected out of Louisiana Tech University with the 29th overall pick in the second round of the 1992 NBA draft by the New Jersey Nets. However, he elected to play in the 1992–93 HEBA A1 season in his first year out of college and averaged 17.0 points, 13.3 rebounds and 3.2 blocks per game for Panionios B.C. In his first three seasons in the NBA, from 1993 to 1996, he played in 240 regular season games for the New Jersey Nets and increased his starts from 54 games in the 1994 season to 63 in the 1995 season before starting in all 81 games that he appeared in the 1996 campaign. The Nets made the playoffs in 1994, and <mask> appeared in four first round playoff games as New Jersey was

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 eliminated by the New York Knicks. That season also featured <mask> participating in the 1994 Rookie Challenge during NBA All-Star Weekend.In addition to increasing his playing time <mask> also increased his scoring average each year, and in the 1996 season he would average a then career high 11.3 points with 6.9 rebounds a game. The Nets however did not reach the post-season in both his second and third year with the team. In the 1996 off-season he would sign as a free agent with the Miami Heat. Miami Heat (1996–2000)
Miami had made the playoffs the previous year led by all-star center Alonzo Mourning, point guard Tim Hardaway and head coach <mask>, who decided to start <mask> for 71 games in the 1996–97 season. <mask> increased his shooting percentage and rebounding, received the J. Walter Kennedy Citizenship Award and was named to the NBA All-Defensive Second Team as the Heat won a franchise best 61 games and the Atlantic Division Title. <mask>'s defense and rebounding helped the Heat advance in the playoffs, as they defeated the Orlando Magic in the first round in 5 games and New York Knicks in a grueling 7 games series. He came up big in the crucial games of the playoffs, scoring 12 points with 14 rebounds in the deciding game against Orlando and 18 points with 12 rebounds in a game 5 win at home against the Knicks.In that game, <mask> was attempting to establish rebounding position with Knicks point guard Charlie Ward before lifting and flipping him onto a row of photographers along the baseline, leading to a brawl between the teams. This would result in <mask> being suspended for the last two games of the series, along with players from the New York bench who intervened. Despite overcoming New York, the team could not overcome the defending champion Chicago

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Pat Riley
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 Bulls, who defeated Miami in 5 games in the franchise's first trip to the Eastern Conference Finals. <mask> averaged 9.2 points and 8.8 rebounds in the playoffs. Starting in all 74 games in which he appeared, <mask> posted nearly identical production in the 1997–98 season as the Heat once again entered the playoffs but came up short in a five-game first round loss against New York . In the lockout shortened 1998–99 season, <mask> was named to the NBA All-Defensive Second Team for the second time in his career and averaged a career high 11.4 points a game. The Heat once again won the Atlantic Division but also were once again defeated in a stunning first round series in 5 games to the eighth-seeded Knicks.<mask>'s role continued in the 1999–2000 season, and the Heat would win in the first round against the Detroit Pistons before facing the Knicks for the fourth straight year. Once again, the Heat would fall to their New York rivals in another long and grueling 7 game series. Charlotte / New Orleans Hornets (2000–2006)
On August 1, 2000, <mask>, alongside <mask>, Otis Thorpe, <mask> and Rodney Buford, was traded to the Charlotte Hornets in exchange for <mask>, Anthony Mason, Dale Ellis and Ricky Davis. In 2000–01, his first season with the Hornets, <mask> was selected to his third NBA All-Defensive Second Team. In 2001–02, he was chosen as the Central Division recipient of the NBA Sportsmanship Award. The Hornets relocated to New Orleans prior to the 2002–03 season, where <mask> had his best scoring seasons, averaging 10.6 points per game in 240 regular season games from 2002 to 2005. During the 2002–03 season, he received the NBA Community Assist Award for the month of September and was again chosen as the Central Division recipient of the NBA Sportsmanship Award, for

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 the second consecutive time.In 2003–04, he was yet again chosen as the Central Division NBA Sportsmanship Award recipient, for the third consecutive season, this time capturing the 2004 NBA Sportsmanship Award. Prior to the 2006–07 season, <mask> had played in 999 regular season games, including 941 starts. By that time, he was one of 26 players in NBA history to have 8,000 points, 7,000 rebounds, 1,000 assists and 1,000 blocks. Chicago Bulls (2006–2007)
On July 13, 2006, <mask> was traded by the New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets along with J. R. Smith to the Chicago Bulls in exchange for Tyson Chandler. He played well as a veteran with the young team, starting the majority of his games, though he scored in meager proportions, and only averaged a career-low of 20.2 minutes per game. Retirement thoughts
After the 2006–07 season, <mask> did not re-sign with the Bulls and rejected offers from several teams interested in his services, citing he might have been done with his career. He went into semi-retirement while contemplating a possible return, lasting considerably into the 2007–08 season.Boston Celtics (2008)
On February 27, 2008, after resting for most of the 2007–08 season and weighing his options, <mask> signed with the Boston Celtics for the remainder of the season, in order to bolster their front court. His decision to come to Boston was strongly aided by a conversation with future teammates Ray Allen and <mask>, who convinced him to sign with the Celtics during the 2008 NBA All-Star Weekend. The San Antonio Spurs and New Orleans Hornets were interested in his services, but he chose the Celtics instead. He made his debut against the Chicago Bulls, his former team, on March 7, 2008. <mask> had an unexpected breakout performance which took place in Game 7 of the

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 Eastern Conference Semifinals against the Cleveland Cavaliers on May 18, 2008, when he scored 10 points and pulled down 6 rebounds, hitting all of his four shots and making key contributions in the fourth quarter. He hit a key shot with less than two minutes left in the game as the Celtics went on to win the game 97–92. After the game, he told reporters: "That shot, hey, probably I would say the biggest shot of my career".He also had a strong performance in Game 1 of the 2008 NBA Finals against the Los Angeles Lakers on June 5, 2008, playing increased minutes in the first Finals game of his 15-year career en route to a Celtics victory. He retired at the end of that season with a championship. His daughter, Kalani <mask>, is a professional basketball player with the Atlanta Dream. <mask>'s nickname "<mask>." was given to him by his grandmother as a child, due to his affinity for peanut butter and jelly sandwiches. He was inducted into the Louisiana Tech University Athletic Hall of Fame in 1998, the Louisiana Basketball Hall of Fame in 2001, and the Louisiana Sports Hall of Fame in 2016. See also
 Heat–Knicks rivalry

References

External links

 P.J.<mask> at SI.com

1969 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in Greece
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Louisiana
Basketball players from Detroit
Boston Celtics players
Centers (basketball)
Charlotte Hornets players
Chicago Bulls players
Greek Basket League players
Louisiana Tech Bulldogs basketball players
Miami Heat players
New Jersey Nets draft picks
New Jersey Nets players
New Orleans Hornets players
Panionios B.C. players
People from Winnfield, Louisiana
Power forwards (basketball)
21st-century African-American people
20th-century

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texts: <mask> (early 1801 – 29 March 1873) was a folklorist  from Co. Wexford, Ireland. An educator turned  bookseller, who also contributed various articles and reviews as a writer, he eventually became most known as a collector and publisher of Irish folktales and folklore, particularly from his native County Wexford. <mask> was born in the early part of 1801 in Kilmyshal beyond the outskirts of Bunclody, County Wexford, Ireland, in a financially well-off family of peasant stock. The lived in the village of Kilmyshal until reached age six, and Mount Leinster, which loomed tall over his boyhood hometown served as a backdrop of his first book. The family moved (in 1807) to some district in Castleboro, Killegney civil parish, Co. Wexford; it is known they resided particularly at Coolbawn townland from 1810–1814. Then in 1814 they moved again three miles east to Courtnacuddy, Rossdroit civil parish. During this period, <mask> went away briefly in 1813 to attend school at Shanowle near Taghmon, staying with his mother's relatives, but this lasted only one or two terms.Subsequently he was schooled closer to home at Cloughbawn, in Clonroche townland. The school was run by the famous "Mr. O'Neill", and at first <mask>'s classes were held at the Cloughbawn Parish Church, until a schoolhouse was erected by the landlord, Robert Carew. <mask> lodged at the home was Morgan Dunne, his room and board paid for by tutoring. The Cloughbawn school had high standards and <mask> would later commend it in writing. His studies there lasted until 1818 or late 1819. In 1819 when he filled a temporary teacher's post at Tombrick School vacated by a friend (O'Brien) who was going to attend the Teachers Training School at Kildare Place. In 1820 or 21, <mask> himself went to Dublin to enroll in the teacher-training program at Kildare Place (officially called the "Society for Promoting the Education of the Poor of Ireland"), and was so highly evaluated that after completing the

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Life Kennedy
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 program c. 1821, he was not posted to the school of his landlord as might have been expected, but gained employ at the Society itself as an instructor, or  as Junior Assistant to the Superintendent, c. 1822.The Society, which the British Government as the apparatus overseeing the education of the whole of Ireland, was abolished in 1831, due to pressure from the men of the Catholic Emancipation movement. After his place of employment vanished, <mask> set himself up as a  "Drawing Master", and as of 1836 his name is found registered with the Dublin Directory as Professor of Drawing. He married Maria Kelly on 24 October 1832. The Commission of Education which replaced the Society emphasized agricultural learning, and when the Glasnevin facility with a farm for practical training and a residence for the trainee teachers were completed in 1838, <mask> was appointed Superintendent. But he was dismissed shortly after, having quarreled with the farm's manager. He abandoned the teaching profession at some time uncertain, and established a lending-library and bookseller shop on 8 Anglesea Street, Dublin, which he later moved to the Anglesea Street on the corner of Cope Street. Edward Dowden remembered the proprietor "with round, bald head, grizzled beard, and a smile and twinkle over all his face".<mask> ran the shop for some thirty years. <mask> died 29 March 1873. Alfred Webb's  A Compendium of Irish Biography (1878) writes that his home often played host to the "Hibernian Temperance Association", though possibly this is a result of confusion with Dr. <mask>, Bishop of Killaloe, associated with Father Mathew's temperance movement. Literary career

<mask>'s career in writing began by being published in such periodicals as the Wexford Independent and Duffy's Fireside Magazine. At first contributed articles and reviews, and later began to set down tales from his native Wexford County into writing. Legends of Mount Leinster
In 1851, writing under the pen

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Patrick Kennedy
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 name "Harry Whitney" for the Wexford Independent, <mask> asked his readership to send him rough accounts of local traditions, so he may print such stories and legends in his "Whitney Papers" column for the edification of the younger generation. Such stories formed the core of his first book, Legends of Mount Leinster (1855).In the book a cast of characters convene a fireside gathering, telling stories, probably modeled after actual gatherings <mask> observed. Legendary Fictions of the Irish Celts

Some of his stories which he sent to Sheridan Le Fanu in 1862 appeared as "Leinster Folk Lore" in the Dublin University Magazine from 1861 till 1869. Later, at Le Fanu's encouragement, a full collection was published as Legendary Fictions of the Irish Celts (1866). The first included tale is "Jack and His Comrades," later reprinted by Joseph Jacobs. The collected stories were interleaved with a considerable amount of his own narrative:  his "stories link by running commentary and characterized by often ponderous moralizing". "The Palace in the Rath" is recognized as a folktale of the AT 503 ("The Gifts of the Little People") type, but Bo Almqvist prefers to regard it as a migratory legend, or, a "fabulate". From the perspective of later providing material and influencing the Yeats or the Celtic Revival movement, the Legendary Fictions of the Irish Celts was the most important of <mask>'s works, alongside Fireside Stories of Ireland (1870), and Bardic Stories of Ireland (1871).<mask>'s "The Belated Priest" in Legendary Fictions was the source of Yeats's 1889 poem "The Priest and the Fairy". Banks of the Boro

The Banks of the Boro: a Chronicle of the County of Wexford (1867) and Evenings in the Duffrey (1869) are described as the most ambitious of his works, insofar as they each is designed with (an albeit nominal) plot, and the two most important of <mask>'s contribution in the estimation of IFC collector James G. Delaney. These plots were stitched

masks: Kennedy Kennedy Kennedy Kennedy Kennedy


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 together from actual events he either witnessed himself, "or heard secondhand from his friends in the years 1812 to 1822". In The Banks of the Boro, <mask>'s alias Harry Whitney (or "H. W.") still makes appearance. The namesake Whitney family of Moneytucker lived down the road from the <mask> home at Courtnacuddy. Mr. Whitney of Moneytucker is a hero in the tale of "The Fate of the Priest Catcher" from the time of the Penal Laws, having sequestered a fleeing priest and assisting his escape. The storyteller states that the Whitney's good deed was remembered, so that some years later, the life of a kinsman (Whitney of Rathnure) was spared in the Irish Rebellion of 1798.But Robert Whitney of Moneytucker testified to suffering a harrowing experience at the hands of the rebels, for his house was plundered and burned, himself taken captive, lashed, and threatened to be killed a number of times. The 1798 rebellion was before <mask>'s birth, but there were three or four elder siblings who experienced it, and three yeomen came riding in search of rebels at their home, with one searcher about to torch the place down before a comrade intervened. The book contained not just tales and legend, but also ballads performed and the games played (e.g. "Old Dowd and his Daughters") at wakes. Delaney confirms that even in later times in the region, such pastimes at wakes were often engaged in, in unrestrained and prolonged fashion, particularly if the deceased was a transient, with no close acquaintances to mourn him. Bardic Stories of Ireland

Bardic Stories of Ireland (1871) was another important work for the Celtic Revival. The tale "Baille and Ailinn" in this collection was adapted by Yeats into the poem "Baile and Aillinn".Critical evaluation

<mask> was one of the pioneers in uncovering Irish folkloric material, with a lasting impact on William Butler Yeats and the Celtic Revival movement. The tales were told in rusticated English of the Irish peasantry who

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 had established roots in The Pale, the  part of Ireland. He is "widely credited with preserving Irish idioms in the turn of phrase, sentence structure, Irish words". <mask>'s folklore-collecting has been assessed as "unfailingly accurate" by James G. Delaney, a folklore collector for the Irish Folklore Commission who has conducted field work largely in the Midlands, but began his career in 1954 collecting folklore in areas of Wexford where <mask> grew up. <mask> was also assiduous about recording folklore for the sake of it being tradition deserving to be preserved, even in the cases of a particular ballad he did not have high opinion of, or the custom of irreverently playing games and singing ballad, for which he privately held reservations. Bo Almqvist also compares <mask> favorably to Thomas Crofton Croker as folktale collector, and although <mask> did to add literary flair and contrived humour, or somewhat dwelled on stereotypes of the Irishman such as his love for alcohol, but did not take license and tamper with the tales in a major way compared with Croker. <mask>'s tales from Co. Wexford, mostly recalled from memory as told in English during his youth, are valuable since they preserve the folklore of a region that became somewhat neglected from folklore-collection subsequently in the 19th century.List of Works
Under pseudonym of Harry Whitney
 Legends of Mount Leinster (1855). As <mask>
 Fictions of Our Forefathers (1859). Legendary fictions of the Irish Celts (1867). The Banks of the Boro a Chronicle of the County of Wexford (1867). Evenings in the Duffrey (1869). The Fireside Stories of Ireland (1870). The Bardic Stories of Ireland (1871).Explanatory notes

References
Citations

Bibliography

 ; followed by an excerpt of a tale, pp. 468–472. ; text via IA. ; text via IA;  text via Hathi Trust; New Edition, 1875. 1801 births
1873 deaths
Irish folklorists
Writers from County Wexford
Alumni of the Church of Ireland College of

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The death of <mask> occurred in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory on 26 October 1997. <mask>'s coffee was laced with rohypnol, a sedative, at a dinner party, after which he was injected with a lethal dose of heroin by his girlfriend Anu Singh, who was a law student at the Australian National University at the time. Singh was convicted in 1999 of manslaughter. She was sentenced to ten years' imprisonment, but was released early in 2001. Since her release, she has undertaken criminology research. The crime was portrayed in Helen Garner's non-fiction book <mask>inque's Consolation (2004), which was later adapted into a film of the same name. Singh-Cinque relationship
<mask> and Anu Singh met in Newcastle, New South Wales in 1995.The following year, the couple were living together in Canberra while she was a law student at the Australian National University. During the 1998 trial, one of Singh's friends testified that she had been highly obsessed with her self-image, particularly her body, since 1991 and had briefly taken ipecac after Cinque mentioned it, something she was later angry with him for. Singh was also reportedly obsessed with fad diets and would spend hours working out at the gym—she had told friends "she'd rather be dead than fat". In May 1997, Singh told a friend that she wanted to kill several people, including Cinque, her ex-boyfriend Simon Walsh and her doctors. Death
Singh's close friend Madhavi Rao invited acquaintances to two dinner parties in October 1997 and told them that a crime would be committed. Witness Sanjeeva Tennekoon reported that the first dinner party on 24 October was normal and that Singh and Cinque appeared loving. However, another witness told the court that Rao had told her afterwards that Singh had tried to kill Cinque that evening but did not deliver a sufficient dose, and that the witness had threatened to go to the police.The day after the first dinner party, Singh and Rao went to a

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Joe Cinque
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 friend, Len Mancini, and told him they had given Cinque drugs the previous evening. <mask> died on 26 October 1997, the morning after the second dinner party. Toxicology reports showed high levels of heroin and rohypnol in his body. Witness Ross Manley claimed that Singh bought more heroin from Manley's friend on the morning of 26 October. Singh called an ambulance for Cinque at 12:10pm on 26 October, and the ambulance officers found that he had had a cardiac arrest. Singh made it difficult for the ambulance to respond quickly, giving a false address. Singh told police at the scene that she had administered drugs to Cinque.Police reported that when they arrived at the scene, Singh was hysterical and struggled with police and ambulance officers when they took her away from Cinque's body. Trial
Singh first appeared in court on 28 October 1997, charged with murder. She had told police that she had injected Cinque with heroin so that he would not interfere with a suicide attempt. Rao was charged with conspiracy to commit murder and released on bail on 5 November. The prosecutor noted that both Singh and Rao had been indiscreet about their actions. Singh applied for bail in December, and a psychiatrist presented evidence of a personality disorder. The prosecution pinpointed Singh as someone who embodied strong narcissistic traits.Singh and Rao were tried jointly in October and November 1998, but this trial was aborted on 11 November, with Justice Ken Crispin saying that one of the pieces of evidence was problematic as it was unclear as to which of Singh or Rao it was admissible against. For the second trial, Singh elected to stand trial by judge alone, forgoing a jury. Justice Crispin ruled that Singh and Rao should be tried separately in the interest of fairness. In her 1999 trial, Singh's defence presented evidence that she was mentally ill and had diminished responsibility, proposing an insanity defense. The court was told that


texts:
 Singh believed she was dying from a muscle wasting disease, complained of "not being able to feel her head on her body" and was bulimic. The prosecutors called an expert witness to testify that Singh had appeared rational and assertive on the night she was arrested. On 23 April Justice Crispin found Singh guilty of manslaughter and the following day sentenced her to ten years' imprisonment with a minimum four years non-parole period.Cinque's mother was deeply unhappy with the short sentence. In Rao's second trial, she was charged with murder, manslaughter, attempted murder, and administering a stupefying drug and was acquitted of all charges. Singh was released on parole in October 2001 after four years imprisonment, including time she had served on remand since 1997. She was returned to jail in April 2004 after breaching her parole conditions by smoking marijuana and re-released on 5 August 2004 after challenging her re-imprisonment on a technicality. Anu Singh

Early life
Anu Singh was born in India on 3 September 1972 to Indian Australian parents, Pradyumn "Paddy" and Surinder Singh, both doctors. The family emigrated from India to Sydney in 1973, when Singh was a baby. They settled in the suburb of Strathfield.Singh attended a Catholic high school in Newcastle, where she was the dux of year 10 in 1988. She graduated high school in 1990 and moved to Canberra the following year to begin studying a double degree in Economics/Law at the Australian National University. Singh missed her life in Sydney, engaged in recreational drug use while living in Canberra, and frequently called home to her parents. As a result, she deferred her studies for one year to return to her family in Sydney. Singh's early life was relatively unremarkable, and her father remarked on her as a "happy-go-lucky child" albeit one with some attachment issues, who gradually descended into mental illness in her twenties. According to Paddy Singh, Anu's


texts:
 problems escalated in 1995. It was around this time she had an affair with <mask>.After Singh's break-up with an ex-boyfriend, Simon Walsh, as a result of her brief affair with <mask>, she began to use recreational drugs daily, developed insomnia and would pace the house at night. Singh's break-up with Walsh was referred to as a "significant life event" in the court transcripts of her trial. During her relationship with <mask>, she was dieting excessively and would obsess about her weight. Singh's problems appeared to stabilise briefly during the early days of her relationship with Cinque, but soon returned after they moved in together. Her university attendance became sporadic, and on the rare occasion when she was seen by her peers, she appeared to be "dishevelled" and "poorly dressed"—in contrast to her earlier generally immaculate and prideful dress sense. Singh's father took her to various psychologists and psychiatrists for help, who opined Singh's problem was "psychological", not physical. After release
Singh has completed a masters in criminology at Sydney University, having attended classes on day release from Emu Plains Correctional Centre.In June 2005, concern was expressed in the New South Wales Parliament about Singh's employment with the Cabramatta Community Centre. The public was reassured that Singh was not employed to distribute clean injecting equipment and that her employment was on a time-limited project. In 2010, Singh began research at the University of Sydney Faculty of Law, and in 2012 was awarded a doctorate for her thesis Offending Women: Toward a Greater Understanding of Women's Pathways Into and Out of Crime in Australia. It outlines "five major pathways that led [female prisoners] to crime: unstable upbringings, sexual and physical abuse, drug use, economic marginality and mental illness". An edited version was released as a self-published e-book in 2016. In literature and other adaptations

The

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 crime has been adapted into works by several authors and filmmakers. The best-known example is Helen Garner's 2004 book <mask>'s Consolation, published in the same month as Singh's re-release from prison, which was a widely publicised account of Singh's crime and trial, together with the Cinque family's response to it.Singh gave interviews shortly after the release of the book, recounting her own memories of the killing and expressing regret at rejecting Garner's request for an interview. She told interviewers that she wished to redress some of the book's imbalance towards her. In 2012, it was announced that Garner's book would be turned into a film to be directed by Canberran Sotiris Dounoukos. Dounoukos was at ANU studying law at the same time as Singh; she was "a friend of friends". The film was partially funded by Screen Australia. The film, also called <mask>'s Consolation, was given a cinematic release on 13 October 2016 to generally positive critical attention. Singh was portrayed by actress Maggie Naouri.Other works based on the death of <mask> include:
 In 2005, a documentary was being made about Singh by James Ricketson which covered her employment in Cabramatta. The documentary was reportedly to be called Atonement. Criminology, a play by Tom Wright and Lally Katz, performed at Melbourne's Malthouse Theatre in August 2007. The Dinner Party, a psychological thriller film starring Lara Cox, released in 2009 and produced by SilverSun Pictures, a video, TV and film production company in Canberra. Deadly Women and Crimes That Shook Australia. The case was covered by True Crime Island in July 2018. The case was also covered in November 2019 by Casefile True Crime.References

1997 crimes in Australia
1997 deaths
Deaths by person in Australia
Male murder victims
Manslaughter in Australia
Murdered students
People from the Australian Capital Territory
People murdered in the Australian Capital Territory
October 1997 events in

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texts: <mask> is a Canadian businessman. He was acclaimed leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador on April 17, 2014, and was slated to be sworn in as the 12th Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador, but he announced on June 16, 2014 that he was quitting politics before actually assuming either position. <mask> was born in Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador in 1953. He is the eldest of eight children, three boys and five girls, born to Eugene and <mask>. His father was the second generation owner of Colemans retail business, which operated grocery and furniture stores. During his youth <mask> would work in the family business, from sweeping floors, to stocking shelves and selling furniture. He also spent one summer selling newspaper subscriptions, and another two summers working in the City of Corner Brook economic development office.As well, <mask> set up a small business selling advertising for a project he was working on. <mask> moved to Nova Scotia to receive his post-secondary education. He first earned a Bachelor of Arts degree at St. Francis Xavier University, before receiving his Masters of Economics from Dalhousie University. It was during his final months in university that he met his future wife Yvonne Hennebury, a nurse originally from St. John's. A year after, they began dating the couple were married. The two decided they wanted to have a big family, so after Yvonne gave birth to their second child she left nursing to be a stay-at-home mother. The two had seven children in total; Eugene, Anna Claire, Maggie, Janet, Aidan, Maria and Yvette.<mask> began his career as an economist with Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro in St. John's. He applied for the job while still living in Halifax, and he could not afford to travel to St. John's for the interview. He managed to secure funds to travel to St. John's through the Unemployment office after verifying the interview with them, an act which helped secure him the job. After nearly eight years with Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro, <mask> began teaching night classes at Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN). As well, he started a company selling

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