texts:
 molecules. The publication of their results, which seemed to support the deep sea vent hypothesis, met with heavy criticism, especially from Stanley Miller and colleagues who believe that life emerged on the surface. Along with the general criticism that organic compounds would not survive long in hot, high pressure conditions, they pointed out several flaws in the experiment. In his book, Genesis, <mask> acknowledges that Stanley Miller "was basically right" about the experiments, but argues that "the art of science isn't necessarily to avoid mistakes; rather, progress is often made by making mistakes as fast as possible, while avoiding making the same mistake twice." In subsequent work, the group formed biomolecules from carbon dioxide and water and catalyzed the formation of amino acids using oxides and sulfides of transition metals; and different transition elements catalyze different organic reactions. Homochirality

Organic molecules often come in two mirror-image forms, often referred to as "right-handed" and "left-handed". This handedness is called chirality.For example, the amino acid alanine comes in a right-handed (D-alanine) and a left-handed (L-alanine) form. Living cells are very selective, choosing amino acids only in the left-handed form and sugars in the right-handed form. However, most abiotic processes produce an equal amount of each. Somehow life must have developed this preference (homochirality); but while scientists have proposed several theories, they have no consensus on the mechanism. Hazen investigated the possibility that organic molecules might acquire a chiral asymmetry when grown on the faces of mineral crystals. Some, like quartz, come in mirror-image forms; others, like calcite, are symmetric about their centers but their faces come in pairs with opposite chirality. With Tim Filley, an expert at organic chemical analysis, and Glenn Goodfriend, a geochemist, Hazen cleaned large calcite crystals and dipped them


type: original

texts:
 into aspartic acid.They found that each face of the crystal had a small preference for either left- or right-handed forms of aspartate. They proposed that a similar mechanism might work on other amino acids and sugars. This work attracted a lot of interest from the pharmaceutical industry, which needs to produce some of their drugs with a pure chirality. Mineral evolution
At a Christmas party in 2006, the biophysicist Harold Morowitz asked <mask> whether there were clay minerals during the Archean Eon. Hazen could not recall a mineralogist ever having asked whether a given mineral existed in a given era, and it occurred to him that no one had ever explored how Earth's mineralogy changed over time. He worked on this question for a year with his closest colleague, geochemist Dimitri Sverjensky at Johns Hopkins University, and some other collaborators including a mineralogist, <mask>; a petrologist, John Ferry; and a geobiologist, Dominic Papineau. The result was a paper in American Mineralogist that provided a new historical context to mineralogy that they called mineral evolution.Based on a review of the literature, <mask> and his co-authors estimated that the number of minerals in the Solar System has grown from about a dozen at the time of its formation to over 4300 at present. (As of 2017, the latter number has grown to 5300.). They predicted that there was a systematic increase in the number of mineral species over time, and identified three main eras of change: the formation of the Solar System and planets; the reworking of crust and mantle and the onset of plate tectonics; and the appearance of life. After the first era, there were 250 minerals; after the second, 1500. The remainder were made possible by the action of living organisms, particularly the addition of oxygen to the atmosphere. This paper was followed over the next few years by several studies concentrating on one chemical element at a time and mapping out the first

masks:
Hazen
Robert Downs
Hazen


texts:
 appearances of minerals involving each element. Deep Carbon Observatory
<mask> and his colleagues started the Carbon Mineral Challenge, a citizen science project dedicated to accelerating the discovery of "missing" carbon-bearing minerals.Teaching
As the Clarence B. Robinson Professor at George Mason University, Hazen developed innovative courses to promote scientific literacy in both scientists and non-scientists. With physicist James Trefil, he developed a course that they described as "science appreciation", aimed at non-scientists. It was organized around a total of 20 "Great Ideas of Science" that were later reduced to 18. In addition to writing about their ideas in several magazines, they turned the course into a book, Science Matters: Achieving Scientific Literacy. They used the principles to organize explanations of a "vast number of socially significant, fundamental, or environmentally crucial topics." This was published with an amount of advance publicity that was unusual for a popular science book, including an article they wrote for the New York Times Sunday Magazine, praise from prolific author Isaac Asimov and physics Nobelist Leon Lederman, and a publicity tour. For an article in Science about the book, they provided the author with the original list of 20 ideas and invited readers to send in their comments.About 200 readers responded, generally supporting the idea of such a list while vehemently criticizing many of the particulars, including an informal style and sometimes vague language. Particularly criticized were numbers 1 ("The universe is regular and predictable") and 16 ("Everything on the earth operates in cycles"). <mask> and Trefil argued, in defense of point 1, that it was not intended as a defense of determinism and that they covered unpredictable phenomena like chaos; but they also used the responses to modify the list of ideas in subsequent editions. Hazen and Trefil went on to write three undergraduate

masks: Hazen Hazen


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 textbooks: The Sciences: An Integrated Approach (1993), The Physical Sciences: An Integrated Approach (1995), and Physics Matters: An Introduction to Conceptual Physics (2004). Hazen used these as the basis for a 60-lecture video and audio course called The Joy of Science. Public engagement
In 2008, <mask> was an outgoing member of the AAAS Committee on Public Understanding of Science and Technology. He and his wife Margee, noting that it is important for scientists to engage with the public but actually doing so does not help them get tenure, proposed a new award, The Early Career Award for Public Engagement with Science, and established a fund for it.The first award, with a monetary prize of $5,000, was announced in 2010. <mask> is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. The Mineralogical Society of America presented <mask> with the Mineralogical Society of America Award in 1982 and the Distinguished Public Service Medal in 2009. In 2016, he received its highest award, the Roebling Medal. He also served as Distinguished Lecturer and is a Past President of the Society. A mineral that was discovered in Mono Lake was named hazenite in his honor by Hexiong Yang, a former student of his. In 1986, <mask>tieff Prize, which the American Chemical Society awards in recognition of "outstanding chemical experimental work in the field of catalysis or high pressure".For the book The Music Men, he and his wife Margaret received the Deems Taylor Award from the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers in 1989. For his popular and educational science writing, <mask> received the E.A. Wood Science Writing Award from the American Crystallographic Association in 1998,

In 2012, the State Council of Higher Education for Virginia presented <mask> with its Outstanding Faculty Award. <mask> has presented numerous named lectures at universities. He gave a Directorate for Biological Sciences Distinguished Lecture at the

masks:
Hazen
Honors Hazen
Hazen
Hazenpa
Hazen
Hazen
Hazen


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 National Science Foundation in 2007, and was named the Sigma Xi Distinguished Lecturer for 2008–2010. In 2019, <mask> was named a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union. In 2021,  <mask> was awarded the Medal of Excellence in Mineralogical Sciences from the International Mineralogical Association.Publications
<mask> is author of more than 350 articles and 20 books on science, history, and music. Refereed articles
Hazen has 289 refereed publications that have been cited a total of over 11,000 times, for an h-index of 58. A selection of articles follows:

Books

Family
<mask>'s wife, Margee (née Margaret Joan Hindle), is a science writer and published historian. Her late father, Howard Brooke Hindle, PhD (1918–2001), was a historian who studied the role of material culture in the history of the United States and served as Director of the National Museum of American History from 1974 to 1978. <mask>'s late brother, Dan Chapin <mask>, PhD (1947–2015), was an academic research librarian who had been affiliated with the libraries at Harvard, and was particularly recognized for his accomplishments to the Center for Research Libraries and advocacy of collections from Latin America. Harvard has memorialized <mask> by establishing two chairs in his name. The <mask>s have two children: Benjamin Hindle <mask> (born 1976) and Elizabeth Brooke <mask> (born 1978).References

Further reading

External links

 Minerals and the Origins of Life (<mask>, NASA) (video, 60m, April 2014). The Joy of Science (video course) (2001); Guide Book (PDF)

1948 births
Living people
Harvard University alumni
George Mason University faculty
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
American mineralogists
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
Astrobiologists
American science writers
People from Rockville Centre, New York
Scientists from New York (state)
Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Fellows of the

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Hazen
Hazen
Hazen
Hazen
Hazen
Hazen
Dan Hazen
Hazen
Hazen
Hazen
Robert Hazen


texts:
<mask> (, approximately ; 20 April 1942 – 15 October 2018) was a Finnish writer, being a former journalist turned comic novelist. One of Finland's most successful novelists, he won a broad readership outside of Finland in a way few other Finnish authors have before. Translated into 27 languages, over seven million copies of his books have been sold worldwide, and he has been claimed as "instrumental in generating the current level of interest in books from Finland". <mask> is mostly known for his 1975 novel The Year of the Hare (Jäniksen vuosi), a bestseller in France and Finland, translated into 18 languages, awarded three international prizes, and adapted twice into feature films: a 1977 Finnish film directed by Risto Jarva called The Year of the Hare, and a 2006 French film directed by Marc Rivière called Le Lièvre de Vatanen. <mask>'s brothers are the writers <mask>, <mask> and Mauri Paasilinna. Early and family life
<mask> was born on 20 April 1942 in the Alakylä part of the municipality of Kittilä, in Lapland, Finland. His parents were Väinö Paasilinna (1902–1950, born Gullstén, changed his surname in 1934 after a family conflict) and <mask> (1908–1983, born Niva).The Paasilinnas had seven children, five sons and two daughters, including the writer Erno <mask>; the writer, MEP and TV personality Reino <mask>; the painter Sirpa Paasilinna-Schlagenwarth; and the writer Mauri <mask>. Paasilinna studied at the General and Elementary School Line at the Lapland Folk Academy. Career
Paasilinna initially worked as a journalist at Nuoren Voiman Liitto, Nuori Voima-lehti and various newspapers as writer and editor. At the weekly magazine Apu, he was an editor (1968–1970) and later a columnist (1975–1988). In 1975, at the age of 33, Paasilinna found journalism

masks:
Arto Tapio Paasilinna
Paasilinna
Arto Paasilinna
Erno Paasilinna
Reino Paasilinna
Arto Paasilinna
Hilda Maria Paasilinna
Paasilinna
Paasilinna
Paasilinna


texts: growing "more superficial and meaningless" and desired a change; that summer, he sold his boat to fund the writing of The Year of the Hare. The book was an immediate success and from 1975 on Paasilinna became an independent writer able to support himself with his novels, signed to Finnish publisher WSOY since 1977. He still wrote journalism articles and was a columnist on Finnish radio.In 2000, Paasilinna was included in the 6th edition of literary critic Pekka Tarkka(fi)'s dictionary Suomalaisia nykykirjailijoita ("Finnish Literary Authors", 1st ed. 1967). In 2002, for Paasilinna's 60th anniversary, journalist Eino Leino published a biography of Paasilinna called Lentojätkä. <mask> Paasilinnan elämä" ("The Flight Dude"). The same year Paasilinna published his own autobiography called Yhdeksän unelmaa ("Nine Night's Dream"). , Paasilinna had published about 12 non-fiction books and 35 novels, with almost one novel each year from 1972 to 2009 (except 1973, 1978, 2002): as his publishers say, "The annual Paasilinna is as much an element of the Finnish autumn as falling birch leaves." He is "constantly being translated into new languages", and 18 of his books have been translated overall into at least 27 languages: the translations beyond neighboring Scandinavian countries include: 17 into Italian, 16 into German, 11 into French, 9 into Slovenian, 6 into Dutch, 5 into Spanish, 4 into Korean, and 2 into English, Ukrainian and Catalan.Described as "The brightest star in the Finnish translated-literature firmament" by Finnish newspaper Helsingin Sanomat, his success is claimed as having been "instrumental in generating the current level of interest in books from Finland" by his publisher WSOY. <mask>'s books reflect quite common Finnish life, usually from a

masks: Arto Paasilinna


texts:
 middle-aged male perspective, and in rural Finland. Fast-paced, light and humorous in style, many of these narratives can be described as picaresque adventure stories with often a satirical angle towards modern life. Certain of his stories have been described as modern fables, such as The Year of the Hare, which sets an ex-journalist's quest for authentic life and values in the Finnish backwoods against the emptiness and meaninglessness of modern consumer society. Vatanen, the hero of this novel, takes an injured young hare with him on his quest, nursing the animal back to health, while his own dissatisfaction with his former urban lifestyle becomes ever more evident. His 1974 novel Paratiisisaaren Vangit appears as Prisonniers du Paradis. This book is the humorous story of a UN charter that crashes on a deserted Pacific island.The passengers are lumberjacks and other forestry workers, midwives and nurses. As with The Year of the Hare (in French, Le lièvre de Vatanen), the narrator is a journalist. The multinational castaways (Finnish, Swedish, Norwegian and English) give <mask> ample opportunity to poke fun at issues of language domination and national stereotypes. The castaways set up a cashless society in which the only remuneration comes in the form of a cup of alcohol distilled in their jungle café in exchange for work for the collectivity. There is also a family planning clinic offering free IUDs. Soon, they find that they are not alone on the island and come up with a plan to get help. Two of his novels, Lentävä kirvesmies and Rovasti Huuskosen petomainen miespalvelija were adapted to graphic novels by Hannu Lukkarinen.Bibliography

In Finnish
Titles in quotes are indicative for untranslated books. Fiction
his 36 novels are:
1972: Operaatio


texts:
 Finlandia ("Operation Finlandia")
1974: Paratiisisaaren vangit ("Prisoners of the Paradise Island")
1975: Jäniksen vuosi (tr. The Year of the Hare, 1995)
1976: Onnellinen mies ("The Happy Man")
1977: Isoisää etsimässä ("Looking for Grandfather")
1979: Sotahevonen ("Warhorse")
1980: Herranen aika ("Goodness Gracious")
1981: Ulvova mylläri (tr. Businessman's Guide to the Finnish Sauna, 1984)
 1986: Kymmenen tuhatta vuotta (tr. Illustrated Episodes in a 10,000-year Odyssey: A Businessman's Guide to Finnish History, 1986)
 1998: Hankien tarinoita (tr. Tales of the Snowfields: Finnish Skiing Through the Ages, 1998)
 2002: Yhdeksän unelmaa ("Nine Night's Dreams") - autobiography
 2003: Sadan vuoden savotta ("One Hundred Years of Logging") - history of Finnish logging

In English
:

Fiction
 1995: The Year of the Hare (Jäniksen vuosi, 1975)
 2007: The Howling Miller (Ulvova mylläri, 1981) (tr. In October 2009, Paasilinna was rushed to a hospital due to a stroke.In April 2010, he was moved to a convalescent home for recovery, and his son named as his treasurer. <mask> died on 15 October 2018 in a nursing home in Espoo. Notes

References
 Binder, David (2002), "A Skewed and Skewering Look at Finland", The New York Times, Arts section, query.nytimes.com, 6 July 2002 — Overview of Paasilinna's books. FILI (2008), "FILI FAQ - Everything you ever wanted to know about the translation and promotion of Finnish literature", Finnish Literature Society: Finnish Literature Exchange, www.finlit.fi/fili/en, last-modified 2008, consulted in January 2009
 Kuusela, Kauko (2008), "Paasilinna Family: Arto Paasilinna" (Google Translated from the Finnish of "Paasilinnojen Suku"), www.tervola.fi/KUUSELA, updated 28 September 2008, consulted in January 2009 — Genealogy and overview of


texts:
 the Paasilinna's. MFW (2008), "Paasilinna, Arto: Biography, Bibliography, Translated work", Modern Finnish Writers, kirjailijat.kirjastot.fi, updated 13 November 2008, consulted in January 2009
 Petäjä, Jukka (2006), "Finnish books in translation finding their way onto European shelves", Helsingin Sanomat International Edition, www.hs.fi/english, 7 January 2006
 Polojärvi, Tuula (1999), "Arto Paasilinna: The Myth and the Original" (Archive.org copy of 2006, Google Translated from the Swedish "Arto Paasilinna: Myten och originalet"), Alba No. 7, www.alba.nu, 8 December 1999 — Interview of Paasilinna. Virtual Finland (2000),, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, virtual.finland.fi, January 2000 — Summary of Paasilinna's career.WSOY (2009), "Arto Paasilinna: Translations", www.wsoy.fi, consulted in January 2009 — From his home publisher. External links

 <mask> Paasilinnan Seura ry (Arto Paasilinna Society)
 Arto Paasilinna at Fantastic Fiction (list of English translations: summary, covers, editions, ISBN)

 Reviews in English of untranslated books
 Hurmaava joukkoitsemurha ("A Charming Mass Suicide") at The Complete Review
 Hurmaava joukkoitsemurha ("An Enchanting Mass Suicide", South-Korean edition) at The Dong-a Ilbo
 Maailman paras kylä ("The Best Village in the World") at The Complete Review
 Paratiisisaaren vangit ("Prisoners of the Paradise Island") at The Complete Review

1942 births
2018 deaths
Finnish journalists
Finnish-language writers
Finnish male novelists
Finnish male poets
People from Kittilä
20th-century Finnish novelists
20th-century Finnish poets
20th-century male writers
21st-century Finnish novelists
21st-century Finnish poets
21st-century male writers
Writers from Lapland (Finland)
Deaths from cerebrovascular


texts:
<mask> (; 24 March 1989 – 5 August 2011), better known by his Internet handle Zyzz, was a Russian-born Australian bodybuilder, personal trainer and model. He established a cult following after posting multiple videos of himself on YouTube, starting in 2007. In July 2011, <mask> gained more media attention when The Sydney Morning Herald published an article about the arrest of his older brother, Said, for illegal possession of anabolic steroids. On 5 August 2011, while on holiday in Thailand, <mask> suffered a heart attack and died at the age of 22. Biography
<mask>, an ethnic Kurd born in Moscow, was the youngest son of Maiane Iboian, who works in cardiology, and <mask>. He had one older brother, <mask>, who is also known by the screen name "Chestbrah". In 1993, <mask> and his family moved to Australia.He was raised in Eastwood, New South Wales, and attended Marist College Eastwood secondary school, where he achieved Dux of the college. Prior to his death in August 2011, he was set to graduate from the University of Western Sydney, with a degree in business and commerce. He was an atheist,  though he wore a rosary and his grave is adorned with a cross. Bodybuilding
Before becoming a bodybuilder, <mask> had been described as a "skinny kid" and an ectomorph. Once he completed secondary school, inspired by his bodybuilder brother, he joined a local gym and began learning about nutrition and training, applying it to his pursuit of becoming a bodybuilder. He would spend three to four hours a day training in the gym. His favourite professional bodybuilders included Arnold Schwarzenegger and Frank Zane.In an interview with bodybuilding website Simplyshredded.com, <mask> recalled that he originally wanted to become a bodybuilder to "impress girls". He said he would look at pictures of "shredded" bodybuilders and tell himself that he would one day be like them. Almost four years into training, he stated that:

<mask> was the poster boy of a subculture of amateur bodybuilding in

masks:
Aziz Sergeyevich Shavershian
Shavershian
Aziz
Shavershian
Sergei Shavershian
Said Shavershian
Shavershian
Shavershian
Shavershian
Shavershian


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 Australia, dubbed "aesthetics", which he had made popular. He had established his own protein label, Protein of the Gods, released in June 2011. He also had a clothing line, and Zyzz's Bodybuilding Bible was released on 17 May 2011, based on a compilation of bodybuilding knowledge he had acquired over his four years of training. He asserted that the internet helped build up his brand, and it was ultimately made possible through the use of social media. On 14 July 2011, <mask>'s brother Said was arrested for possession of anabolic steroids, to which he pleaded guilty after <mask>'s death.The Sydney Morning Herald covered the case, and included a photo of <mask>. He objected to the use of his picture to illustrate what was essentially an article on the misuse of anabolic steroids. When asked by The Daily Telegraph, <mask> denied ever using steroids, and claimed that his body shape was due to hard work in the gym and a strict diet. According to The Sydney Morning Herald, the company which employed <mask> as a stripper maintained that he was "a lovely guy, aside from the steroids". <mask> often used phrases such as "riding bicycles", which, according to The Daily Telegraph, is "gym slang for using a cycle of steroids". Death
On 5 August 2011, <mask> suffered a heart attack in a sauna, while on vacation in Pattaya. He was taken to a hospital, where doctors were unable to revive him.His family and friends placed news of his death on Facebook. His death was confirmed on 9 August 2011 by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT). An autopsy revealed a previously undiagnosed congenital heart defect. His family stated he had shown several minor symptoms in the few months leading up to August 2011, including high blood pressure and occasional shortness of breath. He had a family history of heart problems. Legacy
According to the Sydney Morning Herald, <mask>'s death was the sixth most searched death-related topic in Australia during 2011. Before his death, <mask> had posted a

masks: Shavershian Aziz Shavershian Shavershian Shavershian Shavershian Shavershian Shavershian Shavershian


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 video of himself on a social networking site, which would later come out 18th on Nine News's "Top News Videos of the Year" for 2011.Over the May 2011 to May 2012 period, Google statistics showed that he was searched as many times as Julia Gillard, the Prime Minister of Australia at that time. At the 2012 New Year's Day Field Day festival in Sydney, people dressed up as <mask> in a tribute to him. <mask> created a 19-minute tribute video for his brother, entitled Zyzz - The Legacy, and released it on YouTube on 22 March 2012. The video had been "trending the charts" on YouTube from late March to early April 2012. As of February 2022, the video has over 15 million views. <mask>'s followers still frequently post tribute videos dedicated to him, with a lot of them collecting over a million views. <mask>'s Facebook page had 415,767 likes.In April 2012, The Daily Telegraph took note that his fan page had over 399,671 fans before becoming inactive a few months later. According to an opinion piece presented in the Wentworth Courier, whilst hundreds of Wentworth Courier news articles published online have "disappeared into the void" since 2011, the "Zyzz story" still manages "to be read and frequently appears in the daily list of most clicked-on articles on the Wentworth Courier website". In a report on organized crime's control of the underground steroid trade, reporter Mark Willacy called <mask> the "pin-up boy for the bodybuilding crowd." Filmography

References

1989 births
2011 deaths
Australian atheists
Australian bodybuilders
Australian male models
Australian people of Russian descent
Russian emigrants to Australia
People from Sydney
Russian atheists
Russian bodybuilders
Russian Internet celebrities
Russian male models
Australian YouTubers
Australian exercise instructors
Australian exercise and fitness writers
Sportspeople from Moscow
Western Sydney University alumni
Russian people of Kurdish descent
Australian people of Kurdish descent
Male YouTubers
Health and fitness

masks:
Shavershian
Said Shavershian
Shavershian
Shavershian
Shavershian


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<mask> (, 4 March 1954, Odessa – 5 July 2017, Moscow) was a Russian Soviet dissident, poet and writer. Background

<mask> was born in Odessa, Ukraine on 4 March 1954. Her father, Boris Leonidovich Ratushinsky, was an engineer; her mother, <mask>, was a teacher of Russian literature. <mask> had one sister. Her mother's family originated from Poland: her maternal great-grandfather was deported from Poland to Siberia, shortly after the  January 1863 Uprising against forced conscription into the Russian Imperial Army. <mask> was educated at Odessa University and graduated with a master's degree in physics in 1976. Before and after her graduation she taught from 1975 to 1978 at a primary school in her native Odessa.Political persecution

On 17 September 1982 Ratushinskaya was arrested and accused of anti-Soviet agitation for writing and circulating her collections of verse. Between 1 and 3 March 1983, she was tried in Kiev and convicted of "agitation carried on for the purpose of subverting or weakening the Soviet regime" (Article 62). Ratushinskaya received the maximum sentence of seven years in a strict-regime labor camp, followed by five years of internal exile. After being imprisoned three and a half years, including one year in solitary confinement in an unheated cell while temperatures fell to minus 40C in the winter, she was released on 9 October 1986, on the eve of the summit in Reykjavík, Iceland between President Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev. While imprisoned Ratushinskaya continued to write poetry. Her previous works usually centered on love, Christian theology, and artistic creation, not on politics or policies as her accusers stated. Her new works that were written in prison, which were written

masks:
Irina Borisovna Ratushinskaya
Irina Ratushinskaya
Irina Valentinovna Ratushinskaya
Irina
Ratushinskaya


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 with a matchstick on soap until memorized and then washed away, number some 250.They expressed an appreciation for human rights; liberty, freedom, and the beauty of life. Her memoir, Grey is the Colour of Hope, chronicles her prison experience. Her later poems recount her struggles to endure the hardships and horrors of prison life. <mask> was a member of International PEN, who monitored her situation during her incarceration. Exile

In 1987, <mask> moved to the United States, where she received the Religious Freedom Award of the Institute on Religion and Democracy. In the same year the Politburo deprived both <mask> and her husband of their Soviet citizenship. She was Poet-in-Residence at Northwestern University in Illinois (USA) from 1987 to 1989.For the next ten years <mask> lived in London, UK, until December 1998, when the family returned to Russia to educate their seven-year-old twins in Russian schools. <mask> and her husband Igor had spent one year undergoing various procedures to regain their Russian citizenship, including letters and appeals to President Boris Yeltsin. <mask> died in Moscow on 5 July 2017 from cancer. She was survived by her husband, human rights activist Igor Gerashchenko, and their two sons. Memorial events were held for <mask> in Moscow and other cities of Russia, including in Chelyabinsk in August 2019. A request was sent by Oleg to Google to dispel the false claims of kidney cancer as the cause of death. Though the cause of death was, indeed, cancer, the details are not to be published and speculation behalf people who were not present to support <mask> during her final days was considered inappropriate by her sons.Books

 Poems/Cтихи/Poèmes (1984), Hermitage. .
 A Tale of Three

masks: Ratushinskaya Ratushinskaya Irina Ratushinskaya Irina Ratushinskaya Irina Irina


texts:
 Heads / сказка о трех головах (1986), Hermitage. .
 No, I'm Not Afraid (1986) trans David McDuff, Bloodaxe. . Beyond the Limit (1987) trans. Frances Padorr Brent and Carol J. Avins, Northwestern University. .
 Pencil Letter (1989) trans. various, Bloodaxe/Hutchinson, UK ; Alfred A. Knopf, USA. .
 Grey Is the Color of Hope (1989), Vintage. . In the Beginning (1991), Sceptre. .
 Dance With a Shadow (1992) trans. David McDuff, 1992, Bloodaxe. . The Odessans' (1996), Sceptre. .
 Fictions and Lies (1999) trans.Alyona Kojevnikova, John Murray. .
 Wind of the Journey (2000), Cornerstone Press, Chicago. .

Adaptations

 Sally Beamish has set some of her poems into music (No, I'm not afraid, 1998). <mask> Leskova set her poems into songs

What was never published

Not all of <mask>'s works got to be published. In 1996, the family set off for a vacation in Greece together with their two sons (aged 4 at the time), family friends and their two children (aged 6 and 8). The mothers took turns looking after all 4 children, and <mask>'s way of keeping all of them somewhat disciplined and entertained was manifested in a series of stories she invented about the adventures of a naughty girl called Cinderella, who wore shoes size 45 and enjoyed robbing banks together with the naughty prince of Bencionia, and giving a headache to the strict King Bencione. The series was loved by all four of the children who, eager to hear what was to happen next, were glad to do as they were told. Eventually, the storytelling was attended by the other 3 parents, who loved the series, particularly after hearing of Cinderella and the prince's vacation in Cuba, where they shaved Fidel Castro bald in his sleep. The series were told but never written

masks: Irina Irina Irina


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 down by <mask>.A play 'Борцу не больно' (the wrestler does not hurt) was written in 2 parts for a film on sambo, however, it was not used in the film, apart from some of the character's names. <mask> died of cancer before she could finish her last novel, Azor's paw. The 13 written chapters are kept by her family, the first chapter being translated to English by her son Oleg at <mask>'s final request for him. Legacy

<mask>'s life has had a long-lasting impact on many throughout the world, serving as a source of spiritual inspiration. Her books have been translated into English, German, French, Japanese and other languages and published in many countries. A Russian edition of Grey is the Colour of Hope'' was to be launched at the Museum of the Gulag in Moscow in January 2019. Meanwhile, the 7-lesson English course <mask> wrote has been enhanced by Oleg and turned into a broad range of courses for children, teens, students and adults.They have been taught in Russia and China, and today provide full-time self-employment for Oleg. References

Further reading

External links

 The plight of poet <mask> <mask> (early 1980s) — actors, writers and others speak. Archive of <mask> Ratushinskaya at Wheaton College (Ill.)
 "The Mordovian labour camps and my wonderful nanny", Interview with Oleg Kashin for Russian Life magazine, No 1, 2007. Retrieved 9 April 2019

1954 births
2017 deaths
Writers from Odessa
Odessa University alumni
Russian memoirists
Soviet dissidents
Women memoirists
Russian women poets
Ukrainian poets in Russian
People denaturalized by the Soviet Union
Russian screenwriters
Soviet emigrants to the United Kingdom
Soviet emigrants to the United States
Inmates of Lefortovo Prison
Northwestern University

masks: Irina Irina Irina Irina Irina Irina Ratushinskaya Irina


texts:
Byung-<mask> (born 1959) is a South Korean-born Swiss-German philosopher and cultural theorist. He was a professor at the Berlin University of the Arts and still occasionally gives courses there. Life and work
<mask> studied metallurgy at Korea University in Seoul before he moved to Germany in the 1980s to study philosophy, German literature and Catholic theology in Freiburg im Breisgau and Munich. He received his doctoral degree at Freiburg with a dissertation on Martin Heidegger in 1994. In 2000, he joined the Department of Philosophy at the University of Basel, where he completed his habilitation. In 2010 he became a faculty member at the Karlsruhe University of Arts and Design, where his areas of interest were philosophy of the 18th, 19th and 20th century, ethics, social philosophy, phenomenology, cultural theory, aesthetics, religion, media theory, and intercultural philosophy. Since 2012 he has taught philosophy and cultural studies at the Universität der Künste Berlin (UdK), where he directs the newly established Studium Generale general-studies program.<mask> is the author of twenty books, the most recent of which are treatises on what he terms a "society of tiredness" (), a "society of transparency" (), and on his neologist concept of shanzhai, which seeks to identify modes of deconstruction in contemporary practices of Chinese capitalism. <mask>'s current work focuses on transparency as a cultural norm created by neoliberal market forces, which he understands as the insatiable drive toward voluntary disclosure bordering on the pornographic. According to

masks:
Chul Han
Byung Chul Han
Han
Han


texts:
 <mask>, the dictates of transparency enforce a totalitarian system of openness at the expense of other social values such as shame, secrecy, and trust. Until recently, he refused to give radio and television interviews and rarely divulges any biographical or personal details, including his date of birth, in public. Thought
Much of <mask>'s writing is characterised by an underlying concern with the situation encountered by human subjects in the fast-paced, technologically-driven state of late capitalism. The situation is explored in its various facets through his books: sexuality, mental health (particularly burnout, depression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), violence, freedom, technology, and popular culture. In The Burnout Society (original German title: ), <mask> characterizes today's society as a pathological landscape of neuronal disorders such as depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, borderline personality and burnout.He claims that they are not "infections" but "infarcts", which are not caused by the negativity of people's immunology, but by an excess of positivity. According to <mask>, driven by the demand to persevere and not to fail, as well as by the ambition of efficiency, we become committers and sacrificers at the same time and enter a swirl of demarcation, self-exploitation and collapse. "When production is immaterial, everyone already owns the means of production, him- or herself. The neoliberal system is no longer a class system in the proper sense. It does not consist of classes that display mutual antagonism. This is

masks: Han Han Han Han


texts: what accounts for the system's stability." <mask> argues that subjects become self-exploiters: "Today, everyone is an auto-exploiting labourer in his or her own enterprise.People are now master and slave in one. Even class struggle has transformed into an inner struggle against oneself." The individual has become what <mask> calls "the achievement-subject"; the individual does not believe they are subjugated "subjects" but rather "projects: Always refashioning and reinventing ourselves" which "amounts to a form of compulsion and constraint—indeed, to a "more efficient kind of subjectivation and subjugation." As a project deeming itself free of external and alien limitations, the "I" subjugates itself to internal limitations and self-constraints, which are taking the form of compulsive achievement and optimization. In Agonie des Eros ('Agony of the Eros') <mask> carries forward thoughts developed in his earlier books The Burnout Society () and Transparency Society (). Beginning with an analysis of the "Other" <mask> develops an interrogation of desire and love between human beings. Partly based on Lars von Trier's film "Melancholia", where <mask> sees depression and overcoming depicted, <mask> further develops his thesis of a contemporary society that is increasingly dominated by narcissism and self-reference.<mask>'s diagnosis extends even to the point of the loss of desire, the disappearance of the ability to devote to the "Other", the stranger, the non-self. At this point, subjects come to revolve exclusively around themselves, unable to build relationships. Even

masks: Han Han Han Han Han Hans Han


texts: love and sexuality are permeated by this social change: sex and pornography, exhibition/voyeurism and re/presentation, are displacing love, eroticism, and desire from the public eye. The abundance of positivity and self-reference leads to a loss of confrontation. Thinking, <mask>, so the "agony of the Eros" is also an "agony of thought". Not everything must be understood and "liked", not everything must be made available.In Topologie der Gewalt ('Topology of Violence'), <mask> continues his analysis of a society on the edge of collapse that he started with The Burnout Society. Focusing on the relation between violence and individuality, he shows that, against the widespread thesis about its disappearance, violence has only changed its form of appearance and now operates more subtly. The material form of violence gives way to a more anonymous, desubjectified, systemic one, that does not reveal itself, as it is merging with its antagonist – freedom. This theme is further explored in "Psychopolitics", where through Sigmund Freud, Walter Benjamin, Carl Schmitt, Richard Sennett, René Girard, Giorgio Agamben, Deleuze/Guattari, Michel Foucault, Michel Serres, Pierre Bourdieu and Martin Heidegger, <mask> develops an original conception of violence. Central to <mask>'s thesis is the idea that violence finds expression in 'negative' and 'positive' forms (note: these are not normative judgements about the expressions themselves): negative violence is an overtly physical manifestation of violence, finding expression in war, torture, terrorism, etc; positive violence "manifests

masks: Hanros Han Han Han


texts:
 itself as over-achievement, over-production, over-communication, hyper-attention, and hyperactivity." The violence of positivity, <mask> warns, could be even more disastrous than that of negativity. "Infection, invasion, and infiltration have given way to infarction."Themes
<mask> has written on topics such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, borderline personality disorder, burnout, depression, exhaustion, internet, love, multitasking, pop culture, power, rationality, religion, social media, subjectivity, tiredness, transparency and violence. Reception
Müdigkeitsgesellschaft will soon be available in 11 languages. Several South Korean newspapers voted it to be the most important book in 2012. The Guardian wrote a positive review of his 2017 book Psychopolitics: Neoliberalism and New Technologies of Power, while the Hong Kong Review of Books praised his writing as "concise almost to the point of being aphoristic, <mask>'s writing style manages to distill complex ideas into highly readable and persuasive prose" while noting that "on other occasions, <mask> veers uncomfortably close to billboard-sized statements ("Neoliberalism is the 'capitalism of' Like), which highlights the fine line between cleverness and self-indulgent sloganeering." The Los Angeles Review of Books described him as "as good a candidate as any for philosopher of the moment." Works in English

 The Burnout Society (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2015) . The Transparency Society (Stanford: Stanford Briefs, 2015)
 The Agony of Eros (Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2017)
 In the


texts:
 Swarm: Digital Prospects (Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2017),
 Psychopolitics: Neoliberalism and New Technologies of Power (London & New York: Verso Books, 2017)
 Saving Beauty (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2017)
 The Scent of Time: A Philosophical Essay on the Art of Lingering (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2017)
 Shanzhai: Deconstruction in Chinese (Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2017)
 The Expulsion of the Other: Society, Perception and Communication Today (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2018)
 Topology of Violence (Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2018)
 What Is Power?(Cambridge: Polity Press, 2018)
 Good Entertainment: A Deconstruction of the Western Passion Narrative (Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, 2019)
 The Disappearance of Rituals: A Topology of the Present (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2020)
 Capitalism and the Death Drive (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2021)
 The Palliative Society: Pain Today (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2021)
 Hyperculture: Culture and Globalisation (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2022)

Bibliography

 Heideggers Herz. Zum Begriff der Stimmung bei Martin Heidegger. Wilhelm Fink, Paderborn 1999. Todesarten. Philosophische Untersuchungen zum Tod. Wilhelm Fink, Paderborn 1999.Martin Heidegger. UTB, Stuttgart 1999. Tod und Alterität. Wilhelm Fink, Paderborn 2002. Philosophie des Zen-Buddhismus. Reclam, Stuttgart 2002. Portuguese edition: Filosofia do Budismo Zen, Relógio D'Água Editores, 2016, .Was ist Macht. Reclam, Stuttgart 2005. Brazilian Portuguese edition: O que é poder?, Vozes, Petrópolis, 2019 . Korean edition: 《권력이란 무엇인가》. Moonji, 2009, .


texts:
 Portuguese edition:Sobre o Poder, Relógio D'Água Editores, 2017, . Hyperkulturalität: Kultur und Globalisierung.Merve, Berlin 2005. .
 Brazilian Portuguese edition: Hiperculturalidade: cultura e globalização, Vozes, Petrópolis, 2019 . Hegel und die Macht. Ein Versuch über die Freundlichkeit. Wilhelm Fink, Paderborn 2005. Gute Unterhaltung. Eine Dekonstruktion der abendländischen Passionsgeschichte. Verlag Vorwerk 8, Berlin 2007.Abwesen: Zur Kultur und Philosophie des Fernen Ostens. Merve, Berlin 2007. .
 Spanish edition: Ausencia. Acerca de la cultura y la filosofía del Lejano Oriente. Caja Negra Editora, 2019, . Duft der Zeit: Ein philosophischer Essay zur Kunst des Verweilens. Transkript 2009. Korean edition: 《시간의 향기》.Moonji, 2010, . Portuguese edition: O Aroma do Tempo, Relógio D'Água Editores, 2016, . Spanish edition: El aroma del tiempo, Herder editorial, Barcelona, 2015,
 Müdigkeitsgesellschaft Matthes & Seitz, Berlin 2010, . Brazilian Portuguese edition: Sociedade do Cansaço, Vozes, Petrópolis, 2015 . Catalan edition: La societat del cansament, Herder, Barcelona, 2015 . Czech edition: Vyhořelá společnost, Rybka Publishing, 2016, . (essays)
 Danish edition: Træthedssamfundet.Møller, 2012, . Dutch edition: De vermoeide samenleving. van gennep, 2012, . English edition: The Burnout Society. Stanford UP, 2015, . French edition: La Société de la fatigue, édition circé, 2014, . Greek edition: in progress, Editions Opera.Italian edition: La società della stanchezza. nottetempo, 2012, . Japanese edition: 『疲労社会』. 花伝社, 2021. Korean edition: 《피로사회》. Moonji, 2011, .


texts:
 Macedonian edition: in progress, Tabahon.Portuguese edition: A Sociedade do Cansaço, Relógio D'Água Editores, 2014, . Romanian edition: in progress, Humanitas. Spanish edition: La sociedad del cansancio. Barcelona, Herder Editorial, 2012, . Swedish edition: Trötthetssamhället. Ersatz, 2013, . Traditional Chinese edition: 《倦怠社會》.Taipei: Locus (大塊), 2015. .
 Turkish edition: in progress, Pinar Yayinlari. Shanzhai 山寨 - Dekonstruktion auf Chinesisch. Merve, Berlin 2011, . Spanish edition: Shanzhai. El arte de la falsificación y la deconstrucción en China. Buenos Aires, Caja Negra Editora, 2016, . Topologie der Gewalt.Matthes & Seitz, Berlin 2011, . Korean edition: in progress, Moonji. Turkish edition: in progress, Metis. Portuguese edition: Topologia da Violência, Relógio D'Água Editores, 2019, . Transparenzgesellschaft. Matthes & Seitz, Berlin 2012, . Catalan edition: La societat de la transparència, Barcelona Herder, 2015, .Dutch edition: De transparente samenleving. van gennep, 2012, . English edition: The Transparency Society. Stanford UP, 2015, . Greek edition: in progress, Editions Opera. Italian edition: La società della trasparenza, nottetempo, 2014. Japanese edition: 『透明社会』.花伝社, 2021. Korean edition: 《투명사회》, Moonji, 2014, . Portuguese edition: A Sociedade da Transparência, Relógio D'Água Editores, 2014, . Romanian edition: in progress, Humanitas. Russian edition: in progress, Logos. Spanish edition: La sociedad de la transparencia. Barcelona, Herder Editorial, 2013, .Agonie des Eros. Matthes & Seitz, Berlin 2012, . Catalan edition: L'agonia de l'Eros, Barcelona


texts:
 Herder, 2020, . Dutch edition: in progress, van gennep. English edition: The Agony of Eros. MIT Press, 2017. .
 French edition: Le désir : Ou l'enfer de l'identique, Autrement, 2015, . Italian edition: Eros in agonia.nottetempo, 2013, . Korean edition: in progress, Moonji. Portuguese edition: A Agonia de Eros, Relógio D'Água Editores, 2014, . Romanian edition: Agonia erosului, Humanitas, , EPUB/PDF . Spanish edition: La agonía del Eros. Barcelona, Herder Editorial, 2014. .
 Bitte Augen schließen. Auf der Suche nach einer anderen Zeit.Matthes & Seitz Berlin 2013 ebook, . Digitale Rationalität und das Ende des kommunikativen Handelns. Matthes & Seitz Berlin 2013, . Italian edition: Razionalità digitale. La fine dell'agire comunicativo. GoWare edizioni, 2014,
 Im Schwarm. Ansichten des Digitalen.Matthes & Seitz, Berlin 2013, . English edition: In the Swarm: Digital Prospects. MIT Press, 2017, . Spanish edition: En el enjambre. Barcelona, Herder Editorial, 2014, . Portuguese edition: No Enxame, Relógio D'Água Editores, 2016, . French edition: in progress, Actes Sud.Italian edition:Nello sciame. Visioni del digitale, nottetempo, 2015. Swedish edition: I svärmen. Tankar om det digitala . Stockholm, Ersatz, 2014. .
 Psychopolitik: Neoliberalismus und die neuen Machttechniken (Essay Collection). S. Fischer Verlag Frankfurt 2014 . English edition: Psychopolitics: Neoliberalism and New Technologies of Power.Verso Books, 2017. Portuguese edition: Psicopolítica, Relógio D'Água Editores, 2015, . Spanish edition: Psicopolítica. Barcelona, Herder Editorial, 2014, . Arabic edition:


texts:
 السيكوبوليطيقا. Beirut, Believers Without Borders, 2020, . Die Errettung des Schönen.S. Fischer Verlag Frankfurt 2015. Spanish edition: La salvación de lo bello. Barcelona, Herder Editorial, 2015, . Portuguese edition: A Salvação do Belo, Relógio D'Água Editores, 2016, . Die Austreibung des Anderen: Gesellschaft, Wahrnehmung und Kommunikation heute. S. Fischer, Berlin, 2016.  .
Portuguese edition: A Expulsão do Outro, Relógio D'Água Editores, 2018, . Close-Up in Unschärfe.Merve, Berlin 2016. .
 Gute Unterhaltung: Eine Dekonstruktion der abendländischen Passionsgeschichte. Matthes & Seitz, Berlin 2017. .
Portuguese edition: Entretenimento e Paixão na História do Ocidente, Relógio D'Água Editores, 2019, . Lob der Erde: Eine Reise in den Garten. Ullstein, Berlin 2018. .
 Vom Verschwinden der Rituale: Eine Topologie der Gegenwart. Ullstein, Berlin 2019. .
 Palliativgesellschaft. Schmerz heute. Matthes & Seitz, Berlin 2020. .

References

External links

 Byung-Chul <mask>'s web page at the Staatliche Hochschule für Gestaltung, Karlsruhe
 http://www.udk-berlin.de/sites/content/themen/universitaet/studium_generale/
 Byung-Chul <mask>, Essay on the ethics of drones
 Interview with Byung-Chul <mask> in the Sueddeutsche Zeitung

Living people
1959 births
21st-century German philosophers
Berlin University of the Arts faculty
German people of South Korean descent
Korea University alumni
Mass media theorists
South Korean emigrants to Germany
South Korean philosophers
German male writers
21st-century Swiss philosophers
Swiss people of Asian descent
People from the canton of

masks: Han Han Han


texts:
<mask> (born April 26, 1995) is a Canadian professional ice hockey centre currently playing for the Utica Comets of the American Hockey League (AHL) while under contract to the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League (NHL). Gauthier was selected by the Toronto Maple Leafs in the first round, 21st overall, of the 2013 NHL Entry Draft after spending three years with the Rimouski Océanic in the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL). Gauthier became a member of the Toronto Maple Leafs organization following the 2014–15 season. During his developmental years with the Maple Leafs American Hockey League affiliate, the Toronto Marlies, he helped them clinch their first Calder Cup in franchise history. A native of Quebec, Gauthier developed in its local minor ice hockey programs and intended to pursue a collegiate career rather than the QMJHL. After his selection by the Océanic in the QMJHL and Youngstown Phantoms in the United States Hockey League, he was encouraged by Sidney Crosby to pursue a career in his native province. During his tenure with the team, Gauthier competed for Team Canada at various international tournaments.He won a gold medal at the 2013 IIHF World U18 Championships and 2015 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. Early life
Gauthier was born on April 26, 1995 in Laval, Quebec, Canada to parents Stéphane and <mask>. He grew up in Mascouche, Quebec and cheered for the Montreal Canadiens growing up. Playing career

Youth
As a youth, Gauthier played in the 2008 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with the Montreal Canadiens minor ice hockey team. He played alongside Anthony Duclair, although they were eventually eliminated by a team with Jonathan Drouin on its roster. Gauthier eventually advanced to the Collège Esther-Blondin Phénix in midget AAA and led the team to the 2012 Telus Cup. During the tournament, he recorded two goals and nine assist in seven games.As a teenager attending Académie Antoine-Manseau,

masks:
Frédérik Gauthier
Sophie Gauthier


texts: Gauthier played quarterback on their football team in addition to hockey. He was eventually drafted by the Rimouski Océanic of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) during the 2011 QMJHL Entry Draft, although he intended to study at Harvard University and play for their Division 1 ice hockey team. In spite of this, Penguins captain Sidney Crosby, who was an Océanic alumni, convinced Gauthier to play junior ice hockey with Rimouski Océanic in the QMJHL. Gauthier also turned down the opportunity to play in the United States Hockey League with the Youngstown Phantoms. In his rookie season with the Océanic, Gauthier was considered a top prospect after recording 60 points in 62 games. He competed in the CHL Top Prospects Game and received a final ranking of eighth amongst North American skaters from the NHL Central Scouting Bureau. Prior to the draft, he was praised as a proficient skater who could use his 6'5 body to control the puck.He fulfilled the expectation to be a first-round selection at the 2013 NHL Entry Draft, when he was selected 21st overall by the Toronto Maple Leafs. As his family was from Quebec, his grandfather was unhappy with his draft team and cursed out loud when he heard the news. After the draft, Gauthier was invited to their training camps in September, but returned to Rimouski for the 2013–14 season. While with the Leafs organization, he partook skating lessons with coach Barb Underhill. During that season, the Leafs signed Gauthier to a three-year, entry-level contract on November 28, 2013. Although Gauthier helped lead Rimouski to the QMJHL playoffs, they were eliminated in the second round by the Blainville-Boisbriand Armada. Although Gauthier played less games in his final junior season, he was the recipient of the Guy Carbonneau Trophy at the conclusion of the 2014–15 season.He also led the team to the President's Cup Trophy by scoring the game winning goal in double overtime of Game 7 against the Quebec


texts:
 Remparts. On April 21, 2014, he signed an amateur tryout contract with the Toronto Marlies of the  American Hockey League (AHL). Professional
After attending the Maple Leafs' training camp, Gauthier joined the American Hockey League Toronto Marlies for the 2015–16 season. He recorded his first professional point on October 21, 2016, against the Rochester Americans and his first professional goal in a 3–1 win over the Lehigh Valley Phantoms. He received a call-up by the Toronto Maple Leafs on March 19, 2016, and made his NHL debut on March 19, 2016, in a game against the Buffalo Sabres. He played seven games with the Maple Leafs before being sent back to the AHL. During those seven games, Gauthier recorded his first career NHL point on April 6, 2016, with an assist on Morgan Rielly's second period goal.After attending the Maple Leafs training camp, Gauthier was assigned to the Toronto Marlies for the 2016–17 season. After playing 16 games with the Marlies, Gauthier was recalled to the NHL on December 16, to replace an injured Martin Marincin. Gauthier would eventually record his first career NHL goal on December 22, 2016, against the Colorado Avalanche. Gauthier was subsequently recalled periodically throughout the season but played with the Marlies during their 2017 Calder Cup playoffs run. While playing in the second-round against the Syracuse Crunch, Gauthier suffered an avulsion of the hamstring injury which required surgery, ending his season. Although his projected recovery time was six months, he was back skating in less than three months. As a result of the surgery, Gauthier lost some hamstring muscles and became a bit shorter.Gauthier was invited to participate in the Toronto Maple Leafs training camp prior to the 2017–18 season, although he was reassigned to the Marlies. On January 2, 2018, Gauthier was called-up to the Maple Leafs to play against the Tampa Bay Lightning, a 2–0 loss. He was sent back down to the AHL on January 11 after


texts:
 playing five games in the NHL so that he could continue playing hockey while the Leafs were on a bye week. Gauthier and fellow Marlies player Travis Dermott were recalled on January 15. On January 23, after playing a total of nine games in the NHL during which he scored one goal, Gauthier was returned to the Marlies. He competed with the Marlies during their 2018 Calder Cup playoffs run where he helped them clinch the Calder Cup. On July 11, 2018, Gauthier signed a two-year, two-way contract extension with the Maple Leafs.After making the team out of training camp, Gauthier stayed on the NHL roster for the entirety of the season. Gauthier played 62 games for the Maple Leafs before suffering a foot injury in March which kept him out of two games. He recovered in time to make his post-season debut with the Leafs, playing in all seven games during the first round against the Boston Bruins. Although the 2019–20 season would eventually be delayed due to COVID-19, Gauthier started the season strong. He partook in skating lessons with Leafs coach Barb Underhill and captain John Tavares spoke highly of his progress; "He’s making plays more, feeling good about finding the open man and what’s going on in the open ice, and getting to the net." Upon the hiring of Sheldon Keefe on November 20, 2019, he experienced his first healthy scratch of the season after playing in 29 games. When inquired about his choice, Keefe stated "[w]e've liked how Fred's played, he's done well but we're trying to find the right mix for our team & we've got to try some different things.In the interim he's going to have to take a step back a little bit." After sitting as a healthy scratch for four consecutive nights, Gauthier returned to the Leafs lineup to reach a new career-high in goals. Arizona Coyotes
As a free agent from the Maple Leafs, Gauthier remained un-signed as the 2020–21 season was delayed due to the ongoing pandemic. He was signed to a professional tryout contract


texts:
 to join the Arizona Coyotes training camp on December 27, 2020. After a successful training camp, Gauthier was signed by the Coyotes to a one-year, two-way contract on January 11, 2021. New Jersey Devils
As a free agent over the summer and approaching the 2021–22 season, Gauthier for the second consecutive year signed a Professional Tryout contract in accepting an invitation to attend the New Jersey Devils training camp on a on September 18, 2021.

International play

Following a successful season with the College Esther-Blondin Phenix midget AAA team, Gauthier was selected to play for Team Quebec at the Canadian Winter Games. He ended the tournament with one assist in six games.On June 28, 2013, Gauthier was invited to the Canadian National Junior Team summer development camp. After making the roster, he was a member of the gold medal-winning Canadian team at the 2013 IIHF World U18 Championships. The following year, he was again invited to the Canadian National Junior Team summer development camp prior to the 2014 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. After making the final roster, Team Canada lost in the semi-finals to Finland and failed to medal against Russia. While playing in six games, Gauthier recorded one assist and ended with a -2 Plus–minus. On December 21, 2014, Gauthier was selected to compete for Team Canada during the 2015 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. He played on a line with Lawson Crouse and Nick Ritchie during the tournament, as Team Canada won a gold medal.Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Awards and honours

References

External links

1995 births
Living people
Arizona Coyotes players
Canadian ice hockey centres
National Hockey League first round draft picks
New Jersey Devils players
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Rimouski Océanic players
Sportspeople from Laval, Quebec
Toronto Maple Leafs draft picks
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Toronto Marlies players
Tucson Roadrunners players
Utica


texts:
<mask> (;  – 18 November 1941) was a Soviet general and a posthumous Hero of the Soviet Union, known for his command of the 316th Rifle Division during the defense of Moscow at the Second World War. Biography

Early life
<mask> was born in Petrovsk. After the death of his mother in 1904, the child was forced to quit school and started working in a local shop when he was eleven years old. His father died in 1912. In 1915, during the First World War, <mask> was drafted into the Imperial Russian Army and stationed in the 638th Olpinsk Infantry Regiment. Afterwards, he was transferred to the Southwestern Front, where he was promoted to sergeant. During 1917, following the February Revolution, <mask> was elected by his fellow soldiers to be a member of the Regimental Soviet.Civil War
After the October Revolution and the beginning of the Russian Civil War, <mask> volunteered into the nascent Red Army in 1918, where he was stationed as a platoon commander in the 25th Rifle Division under the command of Vasily Chapayev. In March 1919, the division was sent to the Urals to confront the Cossack White army led by Alexander Dutov, a follower of Admiral Aleksandr Kolchak. In the autumn, <mask>'s regiment was transferred to the southern city of Tsaritsyn, taking part in the battle against Anton Denikin's forces. During the campaign, <mask> contacted typhus and had to be evacuated to the rear. In April 1920, after recovering, he volunteered to return to active duty. He was assigned as a platoon commander to the 100th Infantry Regiment and fought in the Polish-Soviet War, joining the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) in September (membership number: 0291274). For his performances during the fighting, <mask> was awarded the Order of the Red Banner in 1921.Afterwards,

masks:
Ivan Vasilyevich Panfilov
Panfilov
Panfilov
Panfilov
Panfilov
Panfilov
Panfilov
Panfilov


texts:
 <mask> joined the 183rd Border Battalion in Ukraine and took part in counter-insurgency operations against local guerrillas. In November 1921, he entered the Sergey Kamenev Infantry School in Kiev. In the same year, he married Maria Kolomietz, with whom he had five children: four daughters – Valentina, Evgenia, Galina and Maya – and a son, Vladlen. After graduating in September 1923, he was posted to the 52nd Yaroslavl Infantry Regiment with the rank of company commander. Central Asia

In March 1924 Panfilov volunteered for the campaign against the Basmachi and traveled to the Turkestan Military District. In April he was given command of a company in the 1st Turkestan Rifle Regiment. In October he was transferred to head the Regimental School.In August 1925 he was returned to the field and later commanded an outpost in the Pamir Mountains. In April 1928 he was promoted to command a regiment, a post he held for three years. His involvement in the quelling of the Basmachi revolt gained him his second Order of the Red Banner, awarded in 1929. In June 1931 <mask> was appointed commander of the 8th Independent Rifle Battalion. In December 1932 he was transferred to head the 9th Red Banner Mountain Infantry Regiment. From 1935 <mask> served in an instruction post in the Vladimir Lenin Red Banner Military Academy in Tashkent. In September 1937 he was designated the Central Asian Military District's chief of staff.In October 1938 he was assigned as the military commissar of the Kyrgyz SSR, and promoted to Combrig on 26 January 1939. On 4 June 1940 he received the rank of a Major General. After Germany invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941 <mask> began mobilizing reserves to be sent to the front. On 12 July he was assigned as the commander of the 316th Rifle

masks: Panfilov Panfilov Panfilov Panfilov


texts:
 Division, a new unit being formed in Alma Ata. The division consisted mainly of reservists from the Kazakh and Kyrgyz Soviet Republics. Battle of Moscow
On 27 August 1941, the division arrived in Borovichi, near Leningrad, and joined the Fifty-Second Army. On 2 September, it was consigned to the reserve, spending a month in the rear.On 7 October, after the Wehrmacht commenced Operation Typhoon, the division was sent to the Moscow region, where it arrived on the 10th. It was stationed in the left flank of General Konstantin Rokossovsky's Sixteenth Army and tasked with defending a 41-kilometer long sector to the south of Volokolamsk, a part of the Mozhaisk fortified line.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120630215845/http://slovari.yandex.ru/~%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%AD/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%86%D1%8B/ The 8th Guards Rifle Division]. Yandex.ru.</ref>

On 15 October, the Germans attacked the region. After two weeks of fighting, the 316th was abandoned by the other defenders. Together with the rest of the Sixteenth Army, the division retreated towards Moscow. In spite of suffering heavy casualties, the 316th managed to significantly delay the German advance on the capital, buying time for the defenders of the city. On 11 November, <mask> was awarded his third Order of the Red Banner for the personal courage he displayed during the fighting.According to historian Richard Overy, Marshal Georgy Zhukov told <mask> that he would be shot if he were to retreat. The 316th Division's new line of defense, near the village of Dubosekovo, was overrun by the Germans on 15–16 November; Soviet newspapers later claimed that on the 16th, twenty-eight soldiers from the division's 1075th Regiment destroyed eighteen German tanks while

masks: Panfilov Panfilov


texts:
 fighting to the last man, though an investigation by a Soviet military judge in 1948 revealed the tale was exaggerated. The threat to Rokossovsky's flank prompted the Stavka to send in the reserve 78th Siberian Rifle Division. The 78th's soldiers were forced to retreat after three days, but the Wehrmacht's advance was slowed down due to the Soviets' resistance and the weather conditions, gradually grinding into a standstill. On 17 November, the People's Commissar of Defense passed a decree to grant the 316th the status of a Guards formation, renaming it the 8th Guards Rifle Division. On the 18th, a group of correspondents visited <mask>'s command post in the village of Guseniovo, and informed him of the resolution. While he briefed the journalists in the open, they came under a mortar attack.<mask> was killed by a shell splinter. The Defense Commissar's edict was brought into effect on that day. Legacy

Aftermath
On 23 November, the 8th Guards was awarded the sobriquet <mask>skaya in honor of its fallen commander, and its soldiers were henceforth known as "<mask>'s Men" (Panfilovtsy). It took part in the Red Army's counter-offensive which drove the Wehrmacht away from Moscow during December. The division ended the Second World War in Latvia, as part of the forces besieging the German pocket in Courland. On 12 April 1942, <mask> was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. The general is buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery alongside two other Heroes of the USSR, Lev Dovator and Viktor Talalikhin.Literature
<mask>'s character gained recognition through the book trilogy authored by Alexander Bek, which described the fighting around Moscow through the eyes of Baurzhan Momyshuly, Kazakh officer who served under <mask> in the 316th Division. The

masks: Panfilov Panfilov Panfilov Panfilov Panfilov Panfilov Panfilov


texts:
 books – Volokolamsk Highway, Several Days, and General <mask>'s Reserve – were popular both in the USSR and abroad. In particular, Volokolamsk Highway had wide influence as a tactical and motivational text within the Israeli Defense Forces, the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces, China's People's Liberation Army, and East Germany's National People's Army. Volokolamsk Highway served as one of the settings for an eponymous series of five plays by Heiner Müller, written from 1984 to 1987. The first part, "Russian Opening", was based on Heinrich von Kleist's The Prince of Homburg. In Müller's reinterpretation, Momyshuly assumes the role of the Great Elector. Momyshuly had himself turned to writing after the war, and discussed the battles near Volokolamsk in several works, like Moscow Is Behind Us and Our General, <mask>.Controversy
The director of Russia's State Archive of Socio-Political History  Sergei Mironenko called the legend of <mask>'s 28 Guardsmen to be a deliberate falsification. On March 16, 2016, Sergei Mironenko left his post after he reached the age limit for civil servants in 65 years. He retained the position of the supervisor of the State Archive. Mironenko claimed that he dismissed from his post at his own request, in order to "focus on scientific work": "Do you really think that I would not fight if it was not my decision? ... There is nothing to worry about in my dismissal." The Russian Culture Minister was quoted saying "even if this story was invented from start to finish, if there had been no <mask>, if there had been nothing, this is a sacred legend that shouldn't be interfered with.People that do that are filthy scum." List of places named after <mask>

Geroyev <mask> Street in Severnoye Tushino neighborhood, Moscow. Panfilov Peak, a

masks:
Panfilov
Ivan Panfilov
Panfilov
Panfilov
Ivan Panfilov
Panfilovtsev


texts:
 4300-meter high summit in the Kyrgyz Tien Shan Mountains. Panfilov District in Kazakhstan's Almaty Region. Panfilov District in Kyrgyzstan's Chüy Region. Panfilov Park in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. Panfilov Park in Almaty, Kazakhstan.The city of Zharkent was called "Panfilov" between 1942 and 1991. Panfilov Prospekt, an offshoot of the Leningradskoye highway in Zelenograd, Moscow. Panfilov Street in Zelenograd, Moscow. Panfilov Street in Sokol neighborhood, Moscow and Panfilovskaya station of Moscow Central Ring. Panfilov Street in Volokolamsk. Panfilov Street in Nakhabino, Krasnogorsky County. Panfilov Street in Krasnogvardeysky District, Saint Petersburg.Panfilov Street in Perm. Panfilov Street in Saransk. Panfilov Street in Taganrog. Panfilov Street in Almaty. Panfilov Street in Nur-Sultan. Panfilov Street in Bishkek
Panfilov Street in Lutsk. Panfilov Street in Dnipropetrovsk.Panfilov Street in Lipetsk. Panfilov Street in Barnaul. Panfilov Street in Saratov. Portrayal in the media
<mask> has been depicted by the following actors in film and television productions:
 Vsevolod Sanaev in the 1968 film Moscow is Behind Us. Georgi Burkov in the 1984 TV mini-series Volokolamsk Highway. Konstantin Stepnakov in the 1985 film Battle of Moscow''. References

Annotations

External links
 <mask> on the Heroes of the USSR's official website.An English-language biography of <mask>. <mask>'s last photograph in the Russian State Archive. 1893 births
1941 deaths
Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery
People from Petrovsk
Russian military personnel of World War I
People of the Russian Civil War
Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
Soviet major generals
Soviet military personnel killed in World War II
Heroes of the Soviet Union
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the

masks:
Ivan Panfilov
Ivan Panfilov
Panfilov
Ivan Panfilov


texts:
<mask>, Jr. (born December 20, 1994) is an American football coach and former quarterback who is currently the quarterbacks coach for TCU. He previously played for the Texas A&M Aggies and TCU Horned Frogs. In his first start with the Aggies, he broke Johnny Manziel's school single-game passing yards record with 511 yards. High school career
<mask> attended Carroll High School, in Southlake, Texas, where he played for the football team. As a senior, he was the Texas Gatorade Football Player of the Year after passing for 2,291 yards with 20 touchdowns with 102 carries for 905 yards and rushing for 22 touchdowns. <mask> also led Southlake Carroll to a 5A State Championship in 2011 where he completed 243 of 286 passes for 3,014 yards and 25 touchdowns with 9 interceptions; rushed for 280 carries, gaining 1,400 yards and 24 touchdowns. <mask> was highly recruited out of high school; in addition to Texas A&M, he received offers from Baylor, Houston, Kansas State, Missouri, North Carolina, Ole Miss, Southern Miss, TCU, Texas Tech, and Utah.College career

Texas A&M (2013–2014)

As a true freshman in 2013, <mask> was a backup to starter Johnny Manziel. He appeared in four games, passing for 183 yards and a touchdown. After Manziel was drafted, <mask> was named the Aggies starting quarterback for the 2014 season on August 16, 2014. In his first start against #9 South Carolina, <mask> broke Manziel's passing yards record with 511 yards and four touchdowns. With a 52–28 win, the #21 Texas A&M broke South Carolina's 18-game streak of home victories. During that same game, he broke Ryan

masks:
Kenneth Wade Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill


texts:
 Tannehill's record of most passing yards in first career start and Jerrod Johnson's record of most completions in a game, with the record now at 44 completions. It was also the second-most completions and fifth-most passing yards in a game in SEC history.On September 6, 2014, in his second game as a starter, <mask> had another stellar performance against the FCS school, Lamar University, completing 17 of 26 passes for 283 yards and four touchdowns in a blowout 73–3 win. He continued playing well in his next two games against Rice and SMU, with respective completion percentages of 64.5 and 72.7. However, when the Aggies reached mid-season and began playing tougher opponents, <mask>'s performance dropped notably. On September 27 he threw 41 passes against Arkansas , only 21 of which were completed, giving him a completion percentage of 51.2-- his worst as a college football starter as of August 2017. In the following three games against ranked Mississippi State, Ole Miss, and Alabama, <mask> averaged 301.3 yards per game for six touchdowns and six interceptions. He was sacked 11 times. He completed only one pass of 30 or more yards in these three games.Due to these struggles on the field, notably against better competition where the Aggies lost three straight games, <mask> was replaced mid-season by true freshman Kyle Allen. On November 1, 2014, the team suspended <mask> for two games due to a violation of team rules and athletic department policies. TCU (2015–2017)
On January 9, 2015, Texas A&M granted <mask> a release from his football scholarship with two years of eligibility

masks: Hill Hill Hill Hill Hill Hill


texts:
 remaining. On May 22, 2015, <mask> announced that he was transferring to Texas Christian University and planned to play for the TCU Horned Frogs football team. As a transfer, <mask> was required to sit out the 2015 season. Ahead of the 2016 Big 12 media days, and prior to TCU head coach Gary Patterson naming a starting quarterback for the 2016 season, <mask> was selected by Big 12 media voters as the Big 12 Preseason Newcomer of the Year. On August 25, 2016, <mask> was named the starting quarterback over redshirt sophomore Foster Sawyer.<mask> and the Horned Frogs finished the 2017 season 11–3 and ranked 9th in both the final AP and Coaches poll. He ended the season and his college career having beat the then 15th ranked Stanford Cardinal football team, 39–37, in the 2017 Valero Alamo Bowl. College Career Statistics

Professional career
After being undrafted, <mask> signed a contract with the Oakland Raiders but was cut on June 24 and then on June 25, 2018, he signed with the Montreal Alouettes. Coaching career
<mask> was hired to be a student assistant at his alma mater TCU in 2018, before being promoted to a graduate assistant position in 2019. He was promoted to offensive analyst in 2020. <mask> was promoted to quarterbacks coach in 2021. Personal life
His father, <mask>, played in Major League Baseball from 1988 to 2001.Nickname
Following <mask>'s huge performance against South Carolina, his predecessor, Johnny Manziel, who went by the nickname "Johnny Football" in college, called <mask> "Kenny Football," along with a number of fans. <mask>, however, said that the name belonged to

masks:
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Kenny
Hill
Hill
Ken Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill


texts:
 Manziel, and instead asked to be called "<mask>," with "trill" being a combination of true and real. On September 11, 2014, <mask>'s family filed for the trademark of the name. March 2014 arrest
On March 28, 2014, before he was chosen as Texas A&M's starting quarterback, <mask> was arrested on a public intoxication charge outside of a restaurant bar in College Station, Texas. Police said <mask> was unable to tell them where he was and when asked who the current president of the United States was, <mask> reportedly answered “Bush” and told officers his name was “Kennedy”. <mask> later posted bail and was released from jail. Texas A&M's athletic department suspended <mask> indefinitely from athletic activities afterwards.<mask> eventually regained the favor of his team and head coach Kevin Sumlin and was named the starting quarterback for the 2014 season. References

External links
 Texas A&M Aggies Bio
 ESPN profile

1994 births
Living people
Sportspeople from West Palm Beach, Florida
Players of American football from Florida
American football quarterbacks
Texas A&M Aggies football players
TCU Horned Frogs football players
Oakland Raiders players
Montreal Alouettes players
TCU Horned Frogs football

masks:
Kenny Trill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill


texts:
<mask> (; born 23 September 1934 in Monfalcone) is an Italian singer-songwriter. He is a seminal figure who has written a number of songs widely regarded as classics in Italian popular music, including: "Il cielo in una stanza", "Che cosa c'è", "Senza fine", "Quattro amici al bar" and "Sapore di sale". Biography
<mask> was born in Monfalcone, a little town near Trieste, but moved to Genoa at a young age. After several different jobs, he was signed to Ricordi with friends and fellow musicians Luigi Tenco and Bruno Lauzi. His first success was the single "La Gatta", which has been used in Italian language teaching classes in American middle schools and high schools. "Il cielo in una stanza" was composed in 1959. According to <mask>, the lyrics came to him while lying on a brothel bed.Gazing at the purple ceiling, he thought, "Love can grow at any moment at any place". Mina's single release of the song topped the list of annual sales in Italy and reached Billboard Hot 100. Video performances of the song were included in the movies "Io bacio... tu baci" and "Appuntamento a Ischia". Later it was featured in the "Goodfellas" movie. Carla Bruni Sarkozy covered the song (mixing French with her native Italian) in her debut album ("Quelqu'un m'a dit"). <mask> <mask>'s debut album – <mask> <mask> was released in Italy on 8 October 1961 on Dischi Ricordi. "Il cielo in una stanza" success was followed by "Sapore di sale" (1963), arranged by Ennio Morricone and believed to be his most famous song.In the same year he attempted suicide by shooting himself to the heart (the bullet is still inside his chest). In 1974 he returned with the LP I semafori rossi non-sono Dio, followed by Il mio mestiere (1977). Both showed a

masks:
Gino Paoli
Paoli
Paoli
Gino
Paoli
Gino
Paoli


texts:
 more mature inspiration than his 1960s works. In the 1980s <mask> produced a series of successful albums, and in 1985 he toured Italy together with Ornella Vanoni. In 1987 he was elected to the Italian Chamber of Deputies for the Italian Communist Party. He abandoned politics in 1992 to pursue his music ambitions. He had a long relationship with actress Stefania Sandrelli.Their daughter, Amanda Sandrelli, is also an actress. During an interview in February 2015, when the journalist cited a famous phrase of an Italian minister saying that taxes are a good thing, <mask> <mask> insulted him. At the time <mask> was under investigation for tax evasion, accused of having brought 2 million € of untaxed income to a Swiss bank. The singer was acquitted in 2016 due to prescription of the crime. Discography

Studio albums
 <mask> <mask> (1961)
 Le cose dell'amore (1962)
 Basta chiudere gli occhi (1964)
 <mask> Paoli allo Studio A (1965)
 Le canzoni per "Emmeti" (1966)
 <mask> <mask> and The Casuals (1967)
 Le due facce dell'amore (1971)
 Rileggendo vecchie lettere d'amore (1971)
 Amare per vivere (1972)
 I semafori rossi non-sono Dio (1974)
 Ciao, salutime un po' Zena (1975)
 Le canzoni di <mask> Paoli' (1976, collection)
 Il mio mestiere (1977)
 La ragazza senza nome (1978)
 Il gioco della vita (1979)
 Ha tutte le carte in regola (1980)Averti addosso (1984)La luna e il Sig. Hyde (1984)Insieme (1985)Cosa farò da grande (1986)Sempre (1988)L'ufficio delle cose perdute (1988)<mask> <mask> '89 dal vivo (1990, live)Matto come un gatto (1991)Senza contorno solo... per un'ora (1992)King Kong (1994)Amori dispari (1995)Appropriazione indebita (1996)Pomodori (1998)Per una storia (2000)Se (2002)Una lunga storia (2004)Ti

masks: Paoli Gino Paoli Paoli Gino Paoli Gino Gino Paoli Gino Gino Paoli


texts:
<mask> (1 June 1896 – 7 May 1933) was a Communist Party activist in Bavaria, Germany. <mask> died in the concentration camp at Dachau. His was one of the first concentration camp deaths to be widely reported after the Nazis took power in Germany, although differences of interpretation persisted over whether he had committed suicide in the concentration camp, as stated on his death certificate, or was "beaten to death", as baldly reported in an English newspaper as early as 1934. Life

Early years
<mask> was born in Welsberg, close to Coburg in northern Bavaria, and grew up in nearby Schottenstein. He was the eldest son of a carpenter in the village, and after attending school locally he learned his father's trade. Directly before the war he embarked on a period of itinerant work, during which he worked for the Krupp steel conglomerate in Essen. Between 1914 and 1918 he had to participate in the fighting, serving in both France and Russia.He suffered serious injury, however, which led to a lengthy stay in hospital, after which he became a munitions worker in Munich. <mask> also, in 1916, married his partner Dorothea (Dora). Their son, also called <mask>, had been born on 26 August 1914. The end of the war found the family living in a tiny apartment in Freimann, which was part of the north Munich suburb of Schwabing. Freimann was also the location of the munitions factory, recently opened as a branch operation by Krupp, where <mask> was still working in 1918. Politics
During the revolutionary year that followed the war <mask> attended a succession of political meetings locally, eventually himself hesitantly addressing a workers' meeting in Schwabing. In 1919 he joined the newly formed German Communist Party, becoming a party organiser for South Bavaria.<mask> was away from Munich, visiting his parents in the north of Bavaria, when Eisner was assassinated in February 1919, and he missed out on the subsequent street violence which involved the killings of hundreds of socialists, communists and trades unionists. His political involvement nevertheless intensified, which led to

masks:
Fritz Dressel
Dressel
Friedrich Georg Robert Dressel
Dressel
Fritz
Dressel
Fritz Dressel
Dressel


texts:
 frequent encounters with the ultra-conservative Bavarian police and justice services. In March 1921 he received a two-year prison sentence after organising a rally in Munich to protest against the life sentence recently conferred on the communist leader Max Hoelz. However, <mask> was released and placed on probation after serving fifteen months of his two-year sentence. In November 1923 the German Communist Party was briefly declared illegal and <mask> relocated temporarily to Berlin where he continued his party activities. By January 1924 he was in Frankfurt where he was arrested and imprisoned for eight weeks. He was arrested again in September 1924 after attending a meeting at which a fellow party member reported on a recent visit to the Soviet Union.The Communist Party was no longer banned in Germany, however, and after a few days he was released for lack of evidence against him. In 1925 he returned to work as the party secretary of the South Bavarian district Communist Party, which for a time he led. During this period he also served as an officer of the Wood Workers' Union and became involved with the consumer-co-operative movement. In 1927 he attended a training course at the Communist Party Academy in Hohnstein, a short distance to the east of Dresden. Between 1928 and 1933 he sat as a member of the Bavarian Regional Parliament (Landtag), leading the small Communist group in it. In March 1929 <mask>el and  organised a protest demonstration by Munich's unemployed workers. His parliamentary immunity was lifted and he was sentenced to several months of detention.Nazi Germany
Régime change came in January 1933 and the new government lost little time in establishing one-party dictatorship in Germany. A couple of weeks later, on 9 February 1933, <mask> made a speech in the Bavarian Landtag in which he was highly critical of the government's newly introduced labour service obligation (Arbeitsdienstpflicht). Presciently, and using chilling language, he predicted that this was part of a step by step strategy to militarize the young people affected. In April 1933 Dressel held

masks:
Dressel
Dressel
Fritz Dress
Fritz Dressel


texts:
 a meeting with the local gauleiter, Adolf Wagner in order to protest about the terror being inflicted by the Nazi party's quasi-military wing, the so-called SA. For Dressel the conversation had a personal aspect since his wife Dora had been taken into "protective custody" on 30 March 1933. <mask> himself was arrested by the Bavarian police on 3 May 1933 and taken to the concentration camp at Dachau. His political career made <mask> a high-profile opponent of the régime and his detention was reported prominently in the "Feldmochinger Zeitung" (local newspaper).Dachau
At the concentration camp <mask> was taken to the so-called "Arrest building" where he was kept separate from the other detainees. Over several days he was repeatedly beaten and subjected to water torture and psychological torture techniques by his SS guards. He made a feeble suicide attempt by cutting his wrists with a bread knife, and his wounds were initially bandaged. Later two SA "medical" staff, while pretending to provide assistance, removed the bandages after which <mask> was left on the floor slowly bleeding to death while his guards looked on and the camp doctor was forbidden to intervene. According to another version, <mask> was set upon by guard dogs and then left bleeding to death. The guards concluded the evening with a drunken music party. Report of the death
Although the authorities were content for the death of <mask> to be reported as a suicide, the more graphic details emerged thanks to a fellow detainee called Hans Beimler.Beimler (who would later die fighting in the Spanish Civil War), escaped from the Concentration Camp on the night of 8/9 May after killing an SS guard and donning the man's uniform. Beimler's report of Dressler's death was included in a publication entitled "Im Mörderlager Dachau" ("In the Dachau Murder Camp") which Beimler produced in August 1933. References

Members of the Landtag of Bavaria
Communist Party of Germany politicians
People of the German Revolution of 1918–1919
German resistance members
German people who died in Dachau concentration camp
1896 births
1933

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Fritz Dressel
Dressel
Dressel
Dressel
Dressel
Fritz Dressel


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<mask> (born 12 May 1963) is an English former footballer and manager. A striker, he scored 86 goals in 354 league games in an eleven years professional career. He moved from Nantwich Town to Port Vale in 1989, turning pro at the age of 25. Loaned out to Peterborough United in 1990, he was sold on to Preston North End for £80,000 in February 1991. He transferred to Exeter City a year later, before he moved on to Huddersfield Town in December 1993 for £70,000. He stayed with the "Terriers" for three years, helping the club to win promotion out of the Second Division in 1995. He switched to Bury for £40,000 in 1996, and helped the "Shakers" to the Second Division title in the 1996–97 campaign.He played for Oldham Athletic following a £40,000 move in January 1998, before arriving at his final club Burnley later in the year. He helped Burnley to win promotion out of the Second Division in 1999–2000, before he retired in 2000. After a spell coaching at Burnley, he was appointed as Gillingham manager in November 2005. He was in charge for two years before tendering his resignation. He then returned to the back-room as a coach at Huddersfield Town, Crystal Palace, Queens Park Rangers, Leeds United, Bury, and Cardiff City. He took charge of Bury in October 2013 following a period as caretaker-manager. Playing career
A relative latecomer to the professional game at 25, when he transferred from Nantwich Town, Jepson started his league career under John Rudge at Port Vale in March 1989.The reason for this delay was that he had to spend four years fighting manslaughter charges in Belgium for his alleged involvement in the Heysel Stadium disaster; he was finally found Not Guilty when his trial concluded in April 1989. He appeared just twice for the "Valiants" in 1988–89 as they won promotion out of the Third Division, and was an unused substitute in the play-off Final victory over Bristol Rovers. He then played eight Second Division games in 1989–90, and seen as he was unable to nail down a first team place


texts: at Vale Park he was loaned out to Peterborough United in January 1990 for a three-month spell. He played eighteen Fourth Division games for Mark Lawrenson's "Posh", scoring five goals, as they missed out on the play-offs by just three points. Back in Burslem, he played nineteen matches without scoring in 1990–91, before being sold to Preston North End for £80,000 in February 1991. Les Chapman's "Lilywhites" finished 17th in the Third Division in 1990–91 and 1991–92. Jepson played 43 matches for the club in league and cup competitions, scoring 12 goals.He then signed with Alan Ball's Exeter City, and helped the "Grecians" to maintain their third tier status in 1992–93; they finished three points ahead of his former club Preston North End, who occupied the final relegation place. They did drop into the basement division in 1993–94, but Jepson left St James Park before this eventuality. He played 67 games for Exeter, scoring 25 goals. In December 1993, Huddersfield Town manager Neil Warnock paid Exeter £70,000 to secure <mask>'s services. He formed a successful strike partnership with Andy Booth at Leeds Road, and scored five goals in 23 games throughout the remainder of the season, including a hat-trick past York City on 22 January. The pair helped the "Terriers" to gain promotion in 1994–95, beating Bristol Rovers 2–1 in the play-off Final at Wembley, with Jepson crossing the ball to Booth for the opening goal of the game. He also scored twice in the final of the 1995 Yorkshire Electricity Cup, as Huddersfield beat Hull City 4–2.Over the course of the season he made 54 appearances, scoring 23 goals, whilst Booth hit 30 goals. For his efforts <mask> was voted the club's Player of the Year. He scored 14 goals in 48 appearances under new manager Brian Horton in 1995–96, after which Booth was sold to Sheffield Wednesday for £2.7 million. "<mask>", as Jepson was called by the Huddersfield fans, also left the Galpharm Stadium, having played a total of 125 games for the club in all competitions,

masks:
Jepson
Jepson
Rocket Ronnie


texts:
 scoring 42 goals. He signed with Bury on a £40,000 transfer in August 1996, as helped Stan Ternent's "Shakers" to top the Second Division table in 1996–97, finishing ahead of Stockport County by a two-point margin; Jepson had scored nine goals in 36 appearances throughout the campaign. However he hit the target just once in the first half of the 1997–98 campaign, and was sold on to Oldham Athletic for £40,000 in January 1998. He featured just nine times at Boundary Park, scoring four goals, before departing at the end of the season after Neil Warnock was replaced by Andy Ritchie.He signed with Burnley in time for the start of the 1998–99 campaign, rejoining former manager Stan Ternent, and scored once in seventeen appearances for "Clarets". He helped the club to win promotion into the First Division in 1999–2000, scoring twice in 36 appearances, in both encounters with former club Bury, as Burnley finished second in the Second Division. He made fifteen appearances in 2000–01, all as a substitute, before an Achilles problem ended his playing days. He had made 68 appearances for the club over all competitions. Coaching and management career
Upon retiring as a player, Stan Ternent, who had signed Jepson at both Bury and Burnley, then appointed him to his first coaching role as reserve coach at the "Clarets". In June 2002 he was linked to the vacant management position at Huddersfield Town, though Jepson opted to stay at Turf Moor. In May 2004, Ternent's contract at Burnley was not renewed by the club and Jepson was let go along with him.In December of the same year, Ternent became manager at Gillingham, and <mask> joined him, again as assistant manager. Although the "Gills" fortunes improved, they narrowly failed to escape relegation from the Championship. Ternent left the club during the summer, but Jepson remained, as assistant to new manager Neale Cooper. The 2005–06 season did not start well for Gillingham, and following a run of bad results and an FA Cup defeat to non-league Burscough, Cooper


texts: resigned and <mask> was appointed manager on 15 November 2005, initially on a caretaker basis, but he signed a two-year contract within the first two months, although this was not made public until several months later. Jepson turned the season around, and the "Gills", having flirted with relegation danger, finally finished in 14th place with 60 points. He was nominated for the League One Manager of the Month award in April, though the award went to Bristol City manager Gary Johnson. During the close season Jepson's assistant Mick Docherty, who had been on a short-term contract, signed a new two-year contract for the role, and Jepson was able to make long term adjustments to the playing squad.At the end of the 2006–07 season <mask> was once again linked with the newly vacant management position at Huddersfield, despite claiming to be happy at the Priestfield Stadium. <mask> was relieved to keep Gillingham in League One at the end of the season, however following a poor start to the 2007–08 campaign, with five defeats from the first six matches, Jepson resigned as manager. On 24 April 2008, it was confirmed that <mask> would return to Huddersfield Town. Previously he had been approached to become the manager, though this appointment saw him reunited with Stan Ternent, who was the newly appointed manager at the club, Jepson would once again become his assistant. The next month the pair were joined by Mick Docherty, who joined as first team coach, having previously worked with Jepson and Ternent at Burnley. After just six months at the club, all three men left the club in November 2008 after a difference of opinion with the board of directors. Jepson spent a year out of football before joining his former manager at Huddersfield, Neil Warnock, then at Crystal Palace, as reserve team coach in July 2009.He spent a year there before moving to Queens Park Rangers to link up with Warnock once again as reserve team coach in July 2010. After Warnock was sacked by the club and appointed manager at Leeds

masks: Jepson Jepson Jepson Jepson


texts:
 United, <mask> followed him to Elland Road in February 2012, where he remained until Warnock's resignation in April 2013. He was appointed as Kevin Blackwell's assistant manager at League Two side Bury in June 2013. Blackwell was sacked on 14 October, and <mask> was appointed as caretaker-manager. It was later confirmed that he would remain as manager until at least January. However the club announced David Flitcroft as their new manager on 9 December 2013, and <mask> was released from his contract. He returned to the game in October 2016, when newly appointed Cardiff City manager Neil Warnock named <mask> as his first team coach.Warnock and his staff, including <mask>, were sacked in November 2019. He and Blackwell rejoined Warnock in his new role at Middlesbrough in June 2020. The trio were removed from their positions in November 2021. Career statistics

Playing statistics
Source:

Managerial statistics

Honours
Individual
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. Player of the Year: 1994–95

Port Vale
Football League Third Division play-off: 1989

Huddersfield Town
Football League Second Division play-off: 1995
Yorkshire Electricity Cup: 1995

Bury
Football League Second Division: 1996–97

Burnley
Football League Second Division runner-up: 1999–2000

References

1963 births
Living people
People from Audley, Staffordshire
English footballers
Association football forwards
Nantwich Town F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Peterborough United F.C.players
Preston North End F.C. players
Exeter City F.C. players
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. players
Bury F.C. players
Oldham Athletic A.F.C. players
Burnley F.C. players
English Football League players
English football managers
Gillingham F.C.managers
Bury F.C. managers
English Football League managers
Association football coaches
Burnley F.C. non-playing staff
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. non-playing staff
Queens Park Rangers F.C. non-playing staff
Bury F.C. non-playing staff
Crystal Palace F.C. non-playing staff
Cardiff City F.C.non-playing staff
Middlesbrough F.C.

masks: Jepson Jepson Jepson Jepson Jepson


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<mask> is a Nigerian public servant, diplomat, author and scholar. He was appointed by President Umaru Musa Yar'Adua in September 2007 as an ambassador to the Scandinavian countries - Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Norway, a position he occupied until he was appointed a Federal Permanent Secretary at the Ministry of Water Resources on 4 May 2010. Biography
<mask> was born in Oporoma town, headquarters of Southern Ijaw Local Government Area, Bayelsa State, Nigeria on 4 April 1960. He hails from Eniwari town, Southern Ijaw Local Government Area, Bayelsa State. He holds a Ph.D in political and international studies from University of Venezuela, masters in international law and diplomacy (MILD) from University of Lagos and B.A. (Hons) history from University of Port Harcourt. He also has a postgraduate diploma in international relations and undertook professional studies at the Nigerian Foreign Service Academy and the Foreign Service Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan.He is an author and expert on negotiation, conflict resolution, state formation, national integration and sustainable development. In 2005 he received the national honours of the Officer of the Order of the Niger, (OON). He is married to Tokoni Igali and they have four daughters and a son. He holds a chieftaincy title the Ibetariwei "Guardian of the Interests" of Izon. He underwent theological studies under late Bishop Harford Iloputaife at the Bible Faith Training Centre in Lagos in 1989. Appointments
A career Diplomat, he has served all around the world since joining the Foreign Service in 1982. During his stay at headquarters, he distinguished himself as an expert on economic diplomacy and served as secretary to about ten (10) Nigerian Economic Missions abroad between 1986–1991.He also served severally as secretary, committee on export to West Africa and as special assistant to honourable ministers of foreign affairs. He was appointed the Nigerian consul general to Cameroon (1999–2005). <mask>  served as the special assistant (special duties) in the Nigerian Presidential

masks:
Godkws Boladei Igali
Igali
Igali