texts: and Attila in Parma; Les vêpres siciliennes in Naples; Turandot in Tokyo; The Barber of Seville and I due Foscari in Toulouse; Un ballo in maschera, La traviata in Trieste; La fanciulla del West and Tosca in Liège; Rossini's Stabat Mater in Sarajevo.Most recently he led a video production of La Cenerentola directed by Carlo Verdone for Rada Film and Verdi's Messa da Requiem in Rome. In Pesaro, Italy, at the end of last century, Gelmetti conducted several productions at the Rossini Opera Festival: Tancredi, La gazza ladra, Otello, Maometto II, He was awarded the Rossini d’Oro  for William Tell, a world premiere of the complete opera lasting over five hours. Apart from opera, he regularly conducted symphonic concerts in Germany (Berlin, Bonn, Hamburg, Stuttgart, Munich, Cologne, Dresden, Leipzig); in France (Paris, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Lyon) in Spain (Madrid, Bilbao), in Italy; also the Czech Philharmonic, the Vienna Philharmonic, the London Symphony Orchestra in the UK, the St. Petersburg Philharmonic, the Qatar Philharmonic Orchestra, in Copenhagen, in Oslo. He was also seen performing in China and in Oman. He is very much appreciated in Japan, where he conducted the NHK Symphony Orchestra, the Yomiuri Nippon Symphony Orchestra and the Japan Philharmonic Orchestra. He was awarded the Tokyo critics’ prize “Best Performance of the Year” for Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven).His discography with EMI, Sony, RICORDI, FONIT, DECCA, TELDEC, NAXOS and AGORÀ, displays a vast and complex repertory: operas by Rossini, Puccini and Mozart; Ravel orchestral music; symphonies by Mozart, selected works by Stravinsky, Berg, Webern, Varèse and Nino Rota. Recent releases include two rare Rossini operas and Anton Bruckner’s


type: original

texts:
 Symphony No. 6. Gelmetti also composed music. He wrote "In Paradisum Deducant Te Angeli", premiered in Rome and later performed in London, Munich, Frankfurt, Budapest, Sydney and Stuttgart; "Algos" for large orchestra, premiered in 1997 by the Münchner Philharmoniker and "Prasanta Atma", commissioned in 1999 to celebrate Sergiu Celibidache. More recently, the Teatro Comunale di Bologna commissioned him the "Cantata della Vita" for choir, cello solo and orchestra. He has been teaching conducting at the Accademia Musicale Chigiana in Siena and at the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia in Rome.Personal life
<mask> was created a Knight of the Order of the Arts and the Letters of France, Commander of the Order of Cultural Merit of Monaco, and Knight of Grand-Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic of Italy. He died in Monaco on 11 August 2021, at the age of 75. Partial discography
 Berg-Stravinsky-Ravel: Violin Concertos – Frank Peter Zimmermann Radio-Sinfonieorchester Stuttgart (EMI) (CD)
 Donizetti: “Les martyrs” Gencer/Bruson/Garaventa/Furlanetto Orch. Teatro La Fenice (CD)
 Mascagni: "Iris" Dessì/Cura/Servile/Ghiaurov Orchestra del Teatro dell'Opera di Roma (Ricordi) (CD)
 Mozart: Symphony nr. (2015). Le nouveau dictionnaire des interprètes. Paris: Éditions Robert Laffont.External links
 <mask> <mask> biography at the Music Partnership Limited

1945 births
2021 deaths
Musicians from Rome
Italian male conductors (music)
Italian male composers
Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia faculty
Accademia Musicale Chigiana faculty
21st-century Italian conductors (music)
21st-century Italian male musicians
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
Naturalized citizens of

masks: Gelmetti Gianluigi Gelmetti


texts:
<mask> (2 February 1808 – 3 March 1887) was a Jurist, Journalist and Natural history researcher. His zoological publications are considered to be a significant contribution to knowledge of hydroids and bryozoans. <mask> also contributed very considerably to the political and economic progress of his home city:  between 1869 and 1887 he served seven times as the Mayor of Hamburg. Life

Provenance
<mask> descended from the "<mask> von Kirchdorff" couple, originally from Bohemia, who had been ennobled in 1539, their son, <mask> von Kirchdorf having been raised further in the hierarchy of the nobility in 1590. <mask> (1613–1648) came to Hamburg as a merchant, being granted citizenship of the city at the height of the Thirty Years' War, in 1640, which meant renouncing his aristocratic title. <mask>'s own parents were the merchant <mask> (1773–1844) and his wife, born Anna Katharina Ruesz (1778–1811), the daughter of another merchant, <mask> (1728–1811). <mask>'s paternal grandfather, <mask> (1736–1798), was a merchant based for many years in Archangelsk.Early years
After 1806 <mask>'s father faced ruin on account of the Napoleonic trade restrictions known as the Continental System, the city having fallen under French control earlier that year. The family therefore left Hamburg in 1810, moving to Saint Petersburg in 1810. Unfortunately the boy's mother died the same year:  two of his brothers had also died in infancy. <mask> and his two remaining brothers were sent to live with Jacob von Krause who was married to their father's sister, Julia (and thereby, by marriage, the Kirchenpauer boys' uncle). The extended family fled to London during the Autumn of 1812 to avoid the French invasion, but were able to return the next summer. The three brothers stayed on with their otherwise childless aunt and uncle in Saint Petersburg, where they grew up while their own father pursued his itinerant mercantile career. <mask> attended a German school in Saint Petersburg, being sent on in 1823 to a German speaking secondary school (Gymnasium)  at Dorpat, a university city in Livonia

masks:
Gustav Heinrich Kirchenpauer
Kirchenpauer
Gustav Kirchenpauer
Kirchenpauer
Hans Kirchenpauer
Hans Kirchenpauer von Kirchf
Gustav Kirchenpauer
Johann Georg Kirchenpauer
Barthold Heinrich Ruesz
Kirchenpauer
Johann David Kirchenpauer
Gustav Kirchenpauer
Kirchenpauer
Gustav


texts:
 celebrated as a centre of learning.In 1826 he transferred to the city's university where he studied jurisprudence and civil law, also joining the student fraternity. In 1830 <mask> switched to Heidelberg where he completed his studies by receiving a qualification as a doctor in law on 5 August 1831. Heidelberg was a popular university with the merchant families of Hamburg and afforded excellent opportunities for networking. He developed a particular friendship with Carl Friedrich Petersen, a fellow law student from Hamburg whose later career in city politics would in some respects mirror Kirchepauer's own. Hamburg
In 1832 <mask> received Hamburg citizenship which was a prerequisite for working in the city as a lawyer. On 9 July 1832 he was authorised as a Hamburg lawyer, continuing to be listed as such till 1843. In parallel with his legal work, he worked as a journalist.His name appeared on numerous opinion pieces:  he was a committed advocate of Free trade, a subject much in the news at the time. Many of his contributions appeared in "Hamburgische Zeitschrift für Politik, Handel und Handelsrecht", a newspaper focused on commerce, politics and legal matters. In 1839 he joined with the historian and city archivist Johann Martin Lappenberg (and others) to create the Verein für Hamburgische Geschichte, taking on the presidency of the economic history section of it. He had become armigerous in 1833 and in 1839 became a member of the Hamburg College of Arms. In 1837 he was elected as a captain in the Civic Militia, which entitled him to participate in council panels. Civic responsibilities
In 1840 <mask> represented Hamburg in negotiations over the construction of what became the Hanover–Hamburg railway. Because of his free trade stance, in February 1840 he was made librarian and, simultaneously, secretary of the Hamburg Commercial  (forerunner of the city's Chamber of Commerce).Following the Great Fire of 1842 <mask> was credited with having saved the new Hamburg Stock Exchange building, which also contained the Commercial Deputation´s offices. Directly afterwards, he

masks: Kirchenpauer Kirchenpauer Kirchenpauer Kirchenpauer


texts:
 became one of the most active members of the Commission for Reconstruction. During 1842 he was also elected chairman of the , producing several memoranda recommending improvements to the efficiency of its governance. On 4 December 1843, at the remarkably young age of 35, he was elected a member of the city senate. Senator
The senate mandated him to represent the city in renegotiations covering the important , intended to update an act originally dated 21 June 1821. The act was in urgent need of modification due to changed usages and the widespread acceptance that tolls on shipping both inhibited economic growth and ran counter to the increasingly mainstream free trade principals of the time. The renegotiations resulted in the so-called "Additional Act" ("Additionalakte") of 13 April 1844 which partly replaced and partly extended the previous provisions, but at this stage some tolls for shipping remained in place.In 1849 he was a member of the "Nine man Commission" ("Neuner-Kommission") created by the senate in response to the revolutionaries' demands arising out of the disturbances of the previous year. Its purpose was to examine the draft proposals presented by the quasi-parliamentary . (Hamburg finally got its new constitution in 1860.) From 1849 he was travelling more, initially in connection with negotiations to try to get rid of the shipping tolls on the Elbe. Between 1851 and 1857 <mask> combined his senatorial responsibilities with service as a Permanent Representative of the city of Hamburg at the Federal Convention of the German Confederation. Ritzebüttel and science
In 1858 <mask> was appointed, at his own request, the senatorial magistrate at Ritzebüttel, the coastal fort a couple of hours downstream from Hamburg. The fort marks the strategically vital point at which the Elbe meets the North Sea,   He retained the office till 29 August 1864.On the administrative front he undertook the separation between justice and administration there. <mask> was the last Hamburg senatorial magistrate at Ritzebüttel. After 1864 the duties were undertaken by an official.

masks: Kirchenpauer Kirchenpauer Kirchenpauer


texts:
 The appointment also allowed him the opportunity to pursue his passion for natural science: he devoted much time to studying under a microscope the life forms clinging to the buoys at the mouth of the estuary. <mask> continued with these studies after returning to Hamburg in 1864: between 1862 and 1884 he would publish six papers on hydroids, describing eight new nominal genera and seventy-seven new nominal hydroid species. In 1873 when the Geographic Society in Hamburg was founded, <mask> was appointed the first president. The output of this self-taught scientist caught the attention of the academic establishment and on 7 April 1875 he found himself inducted into the Leopoldina Academy of Sciences (" Sacri Romani Imperii Academia Caesarea Leopoldino-Carolina Naturae Curiosorum"), remaining a member till his death in 1887.An honorary doctorate from Kiel University followed. He would bequeath his own natural history collection to the Hamburg Natural History Museum. Prussia
Prussian victory in the war of 1866 transformed the power relationships across Northern Germany, where the old German Confederation gave way to the North German Confederation. Within the northern region the ensuing four years saw the painful but rapid surrender of powers from the former constituent states to Berlin. <mask> was mandated in 1867 to represent Hamburg in the Reichstag (legislative assembly) of the North German Confederation. Following the completion on unification in 1871, he became Hamburg's representative in the Bundesrat, the (nominally) upper house in Germany's bicameral legislature, retaining this mandate till April 1880 when he was succeeded by Johannes Versmann. Mayor
In 1868 <mask> was elected junior mayor of Hamburg.Mayoral terms lasted only a year, but the next year he served as the city's senior mayor:  between 1869 and 1887 he served in total seven times as the junior or senior Mayor of Hamburg. Coupled with his position as Hamburg's representative in the Bundesrat, this meant that he oversaw the interminable negotiations that accompanied the unification process. His focus

masks:
Kirchenpauer
Kirchenpauer
Kirchenpauer
Gustav Kirchenpauer


texts: was on the preservation of local sovereignty within the new German state. He was deeply mistrustful of the German Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck and his intentions. For his part, Bismarck had never been a man to disclose his negotiating intentions to anyone, but the nature of the German state that emerged after 1870 suggests that he never had any plans to create a relentlessly centralising state structure along the Anglo-French model. Bismarck in negotiation was usually content to be flexible over detail, but ruthlessly uncompromising on what he saw as key principals. One matter over which there could be no compromise involved the currency.Back in 1619, taking inspiration from Amsterdam and Venice, Hamburg had been the first state in the German region to introduce a clearing bank structure, and the Hamburg senators, led by <mask>, saw the city's silver-based Hamburg mark, subdivided into sixteen shillings, in turn subdivided into twelve pence, as key to the city's centuries of commercial success and prosperity. The senators repeatedly found reasons to postpone substituting the gold-based German gold mark, which they feared would deal a fatal blow to Hamburg's sovereignty. Eventually the city's own chamber of commerce proposed a compromise deal which the central government accepted, and which effectively increased the value of the silver-based Hamburg mark at the time of the changeover. The new mark was introduced on 15 February 1873 and the so-called "silver accounts" containing the old money were closed. After 1 January 1875 in Hamburg, as in the rest of the country, the gold mark became the only legal currency within Germany. Given the political reality of German unification Hamburg would have had no option other than to accept the single German currency, but along the way the senate ensured a good price for their acceptance. Another contentious issue involved the German customs union which traditionally had excluded the Hanseatic cities such as Hamburg whose wealth was based on international trade.At the time of unification back in 1871 exclusion from the


texts: 1833-founded German customs union was of little consequence since the Chancellor Bismarck was committed to free trade. However, the expansion and speeding up of rail transport and shipping saw European agriculture coming under price pressure from continents where land and labour were relatively abundant and inexpensive. One effect of the agricultural depression that struck Europe in the 1870s was a return to protectionism across much of Europe, and Bismarck, himself a member of the landed class, came under pressure from the owners of the vast farming estates in the east of the country to impose tariffs on imports of agricultural produce. Bismarck saw a chance to diminish Hamburg's irritating autonomy, and some members of Hamburg's business community began to be persuaded of the need to join the German customs union, albeit without sacrificing the "freeport" status on which commercial life depended. On 21 May 1879 the Hamburg senate received a disarmingly bland note from Bismarck, enquiring when they intended to accede to the customs union: the Hamburg senate discussed and procrastinated. Sovereignty was at stake. Suddenly, however, on 21 April 1880 Bismarck changed tack, applying to the German Bundesrat for the port city of Altona to be incorporated into the customs union.Traditionally Altona was a separate rival municipality, downstream along the Elbe from Hamburg, but by this time he two conurbations had become contiguous, meaning that Bismarck's application implicitly threatened to place a massively disruptive frontier through the middle of what the business community regarded as a single urban entity. <mask> was so enraged by Bismarck's tactic that he resigned from the Bundesrat within 24 hours, and negotiation with the central government of the entire matter was taken on by his successor as the Hamburg representative, Johannes Versmann. Versmann proved a little more pragmatic than Kirchenpauer, and eventually, on 25 May 1881, a "package deal" was concluded which provided both for an enlarged freeport area and Hamburg's entry into he German customs union. There


texts:
 had been compromises on both sides, but in the eyes of many, Hamburg's economic clout had combined with the stubborn intransigence of her senators to leave the city with a privileged status in the rapidly industrialising new Germany. <mask> had been chairman of Hamburg's  since 1869, and after 1880 he took a step back from his habitual role as the senate's expert on trade and commerce, concentrating instead on transforming the city's public education provision. His contribution was recognised when the Kirchenpauer-Gymnasium (secondary school) was named after him in 1914 (though it was replaced and renamed again in 1986). He also played a leading role in the creation of a precursor to the current University of Hamburg.<mask> was seated at his desk in the mayoral office on 3 March 1887 when he died. His body was buried in the Ohlsdorf Cemetery. Family matters
In 1844 <mask> married Juliane Dorothea Krause (1819–1905). They married in Weißtropp near Dresden. Juliane's father, Johann Krause (1779–1829), had achieved modest notability as a theologian and merchant. Her brother,  built a career as a landscape painter and travel writer. Juliane's father Johann Krause was also a younger brother to Jacob von Krause (1775-1857), husband to <mask>'s aunt and the man in whose Saint Petersburg home <mask> and his brothers had grown up while their own father traveled for his business.In addition to fostering the three Kirchenpauer boys, the sons of Julia's brother, Johann Georg, Jacob von Krause and his wife Julia had also, a few years later, looked after Robert and Juliane Kruse, the children of Jacob's brother Johann. The marriage of <mask> and Juliane <mask> produced three recorded children:
 <mask> <mask> (1847–1914) became an architect. <mask> (1859–1905) became an army officer. <mask> married Hermann Stannius (1842-1912) who was at one stage he German consul in Smyrna (Izmir). References

1808 births
1887 deaths
Mayors of Hamburg
Senators of Hamburg (before 1919)
Hanseatic diplomats
German naturalists
Heidelberg University alumni
University of Tartu alumni
Burials at the

masks:
Kirchenpauer
Gustav Kirchenpauer
Gustav Kirchenpauer
Kirchenpauer
Kirchenpauer
Gustav Heinrich
Dorothea Kirchenpauer
Gustav Jakob
Kirchenpauer
Ulrich Kirchenpauer
Flora Kirchenpauer


texts:
<mask> (, born August 5, 1969), commonly known as Nune or Nouné, is an Armenian singer who began singing with an Armenian jazz band in the early 1990s before becoming a lounge singer at resorts in the Middle East. Biography

Education
Even before studying music in college, Yesayan made a name for herself at her high school for being a gifted vocalist and talented performer. She graduated from high school in 1986 and was accepted to the Polytechnic University of Yerevan to study engineering. During her first year in college, Nune excelled in her engineering studies and received high marks in both mathematics and physics. She spent her time away from school performing Armenian folk music with an amateur band. The group, which included long-time friend and collaborator Arthur Hagopian, appeared at small venues and a few concerts. After successfully completing her first year of course work at the Polytechnic University in 1987, Nune decided to change her major and focus on her passion for music.She applied for admission and was accepted to the Jazz and Pop College of Yerevan, where she began her studies in the fall of 1988. Nune's teachers and vocal coaches at the Jazz and Pop College included famed Armenian jazz performer Datevig Hovanissian and Yerevan's most prolific pop producer, composer Arthur Grigorian. In addition to her intense rehearsal and study schedule at the college, Nune performed regularly at Grigorian's Yerevan jazz club, "Azad Jamantz". Following graduation from the Jazz and Pop College in 1990, Nune auditioned and was accepted into the Armenian National Jazz Orchestra. Under the direction of famed composer and conductor Constantine Orbelian, Nune performed with the Orchestra in Armenia and throughout the former Soviet Union,


texts:
 singing Armenian folk songs and jazz standards. Career

Nune's first television appearance as a solo act was on the "Ayo" television program, a show similar to "Pop Idol". Nune won the highest possible scores from a panel of judges, retained the title of "top female vocalist" for the entire length of the television season and quickly became a household name in Armenia.Similar successes followed in 1990 and 1991, when Nune participated in two more nationally televised talent competition shows. Nune was named "Miss Soul" in 1990 and "Best Female Vocalist" at the Asoop (Comet) Award Show in 1991. Accolades and honors from domestic and international awards shows including the "Armenian Music Awards" in Los Angeles have continued and included honors for best album, best music video, best concert and best female vocalist. Nune recorded her first album of traditional Armenian songs in 1991. It was produced by Garbis Titizian and Prime Entertainment. Arthur Hagopian, who was part of Nune's first amateur band, arranged the album using modern instruments and contemporary arrangements. The music video for her rendition of the folks song "Kele Lao" was an immediate hit in the Armenia Diaspora and a regular staple of the US-based Armenian television station, Horizon (TV).In an interview, Nune said "I was jealous" in English in an interview before her concert here, occasionally turning to an interpreter for assistance. "That's when I decided to do something the young people will sing and remember the words. I wanted to work with Armenian folk songs, rearrange them and make them appealing to young people". In 1991 and 1992, Nune was invited by her former teacher, Arthur Grigorian, to perform in shows he produced. Her appearances on television with


texts: Grigorian's group were a hit, and the group's concerts were always sold out. After the fall of the Soviet Union, harsh economic conditions in Armenia forced Nune to seek employment opportunities abroad. Her ability to sing in many languages and in various styles won her contracts at 5 Star hotels in the Middle East.During her concerts and small-venue shows, Nune sang contemporary hits, pop and jazz standards and songs in English, Arabic, French and Armenian. Upon her return to Armenia in 1997, Nune partnered again with Prime Entertainment in an effort to distribute her CDs internationally. Executive Producer Garbis Titizian arranged for the release of Nune's first CD and the recording and distribution of her second album, World. In 1998, Nune formed her own band, which continues to work with her today. Together with her musicians, Nune took her band on the road throughout Armenia, performing benefit concerts for the Armenia Fund, an organization which fund the development of Armenia's infrastructure. Her musical range has expanded from singing traditional Armenian folk songs to include singing new songs written specially for her. Nune's North American debut took place at the Pasadena Civic Center Auditorium in Southern California.Because of her hit music videos and popular CDs, Nune sold out her first concert in the US and enjoyed unexpected and unprecedented attention during her appearances at Armenian schools and record stores. Her concert in honor of those who lost their lives during the terror attacks on September 11, 2001, was attended by nearly eight thousand people and mentioned on the CNN "World Report" and the Mir and Associated Press television news services. Nune's most notable concert venues have included the Hamaleer Sport


texts:
 Complex in Armenia, the Universal Amphitheatre in Los Angeles, the Kodak Theater in Hollywood and the Lincoln Center in New York City. She has also appeared in concert with famed Armenian-Persian singer Andy and French idol Patrick Fiori. Her largest audiences to date was at a charity concert she performed at the Cascade in Yerevan. The open-air concert attracted more than 35,000 fans. Public activities
In 2019 she signed a petition in defense of former president Robert Kocharian which caused public critics.Charity

In addition to her charity concerts, Nune has continued to dedicate her time and efforts to helping her homeland and her people. She has appeared as a host and guest of the globally telecast Armenia Fund Telethon in 2000 and 2004 and continues to enjoy press coverage in Armenia, Russia and in Armenian publications throughout the Diaspora. Even mainstream American media, including the New York Times and Boston Globe, have taken note of her fame and written about her phenomenal fame and status among her people and her impact on the world of Armenian music. Discography
1998: Kavare Mer
1999: Who Knows
2000: World
2001: Nune
2002: Love
2003: Sayat Nova
2004: Me
2005: Nune: International Album
2006: Dle Yaman
2012: Sold Out

Music videos
"Who Knows"
Khkhcha
Mi Bala
"World"
Ari Yar
Inchu Es Kez Sireci
"Me"
Hognel Em
Konn Em
"Nune"
Vooy Nare
Nune
Gheseye Eshgh
Prosto Eto Ya (I'm easy)
"Love"
Romance
Agha Jan
"Dle Yaman"
Miayn Es Ev Du
Nairyan Dalar Bardi
Hasarak Mard
Es Uzum Em

References

21st-century Armenian women singers
1969 births
Living people
Musicians from Yerevan
Armenian pop singers
Honored artists of Armenia
Armenian folk-pop singers
Armenian Apostolic Christians
Komitas State Conservatory of Yerevan alumni
20th-century


texts:
<mask><mask> is an American academic. He is professor emeritus of communication at Stanford University, and the author of several books about American journalism. His scholarship focuses on questions of press responsibility and accountability. <mask> believes journalists must put social justice advocacy above objective reporting. According to Glasser, Journalists need to be overt and candid advocates for social justice, and it's hard to do that under the constraints of objectivity. Professional background
<mask> "Ted<mask> is professor emeritus in the Department of Communication, Stanford University, where for several years he was also affiliated with the Modern Thought and Literature Program. For 14 years he directed Stanford's Graduate Program in Journalism.His several books include Normative Theories of the Media: Journalism in Democratic Societies, written with Clifford G. Christians, Denis McQuail, Kaarle Nordenstreng and Robert A. White, which won the Frank Luther Mott-Kappa Tau Alpha Award for Best Research-Based Book on Journalism/Mass Communication; Custodians of Conscience: Investigative Journalism and Public Virtue, written with James S. Ettema, which also won the Frank Luther Mott-Kappa Tau Alpha Award as well as the Society of Professional Journalists’ Sigma Delta Chi Award for Research about Journalism and Pennsylvania State University's Bart Richards Award for Media Criticism. Glasser's research, commentaries and book reviews have appeared in a variety of publications, including Journalism Studies; Journal of Communication; Journalism: Theory, Practice and Criticism; Journalism & Mass

masks:
Theodore L
. Glasser
Glasser
Theodore
" Glasser


texts: Communication Quarterly; Critical Studies in Media Communication; Journal of Media Ethics; Policy Sciences; Journal American History; Quill; Nieman Reports and The New York Times Book Review. He is currently serving on the editorial boards of seven academic journals. In 2002-2003 he served as president of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (AEJMC). He had earlier served two terms as a vice president and chair of the Mass Communication Division of the International Communication Association. He has held visiting faculty appointments as a Senior Fulbright Scholar at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; as the Wee Kim Wee Professor of Communication Studies at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; and at the University of Tampere, Finland.On Stanford's campus, he was for 19 years a member of the board of directors of The Stanford Daily Publishing Corporation, including a brief stint as board chair; and for nine years a member of the program committee of the John S. Knight Fellowships program for mid-career journalists. Locally, he served for 15 years as a member of the board of directors of Cable Co-op, the cooperatively owned and operated cable system that served Palo Alto, Stanford and neighboring towns. He continues to serve on the Advisory Council of the Mid-Peninsula Community Media Center. <mask> came to Stanford in 1990 from the University of Minnesota, where he taught in the School of Journalism and Mass Communication and served as the founding associate director of the Silha Center for the Study of Media Ethics and Law. His first faculty appointment was


texts:
 at the University of Hartford. He received his Ph.D. in 1979 from the University of Iowa, where in 2011 he was inducted into the School of Journalism and Mass Communication's Hall of Fame, an honor he shares with, among many others, George Gallup, Wilbur Schramm and Hanno Hardt, his mentor and academic adviser at Iowa. Selected books

Normative Theories of the Media: Journalism in Democratic Societies.By Clifford Christians, <mask><mask>, Denis McQuail, Kaarle Nordenstreng and Robert White. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. . The Idea of Public Journalism. Edited by <mask><mask>. New York: Guilford Press. .
Public Opinion and the Communication of Consent. Edited by <mask><mask> and Charles T. Salmon. New York: Guilford Press, 1995. .
Media Freedom and Accountability.Edited by Everette E. Dennis, Donald M. Gillmor, and <mask><mask>. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1989. . Selected articles

"On Readability and Listenability," ETC: A Review of General Semantics, XXXII (June 1975): 138-142. "Newsworthy Accusations and the Privilege of Neutral Reportage," Communication Quarterly, 28 (Spring 1980): 49-56. "Play, Pleasure, and the Value of Newsreading," Communication Quarterly, 30 (Spring 1982): 101-107. "Objectivity Precludes Responsibility," The Quill, February 1984, 13-16. "On the Morality of Secretly Recorded Interviews," Nieman Reports, XXXIX (Spring 1985): 17-20."Common Sense and the Education of Young Journalists," by <mask><mask> and James S. Ettema. Journalism Educator, 44 (Summer 1989): 18-25, 75
"Communication and the Cultivation of Citizenship," Communication, 12 (Spring 1991): 235-248.

masks:
Theodore L
. Glasser
Theodore L
. Glasser
Theodore L
. Glasser
Theodore L
. Glasser
Theodore L
. Glasser


texts:
 "When the Facts Don't Speak for Themselves: A Study of the Use of Irony in Daily Journalism," by <mask><mask> and James S. Ettema, Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 10 (December 1993): 322-338. “Play and the Power of News,” Journalism: Theory, Practice and Criticism, 1 (April 2000): 23-29. “The Politics of Public Journalism,” Journalism Studies, 1 (November 2000): 683-686. “The Motives for Studying Journalism,” Journalism Studies, (2001) 2, 4: 623-627. “The Campus Press and Pernicious Speech: The Case Against Stupid Advertisements,” Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, 59 (Spring 2004): 17-23.“Ethics and Eloquence in Journalism: An Approach to Press Accountability,” by <mask><mask> and James S. Ettema, Journalism Studies, 9 (August 2008): 512-534. “The Claims of Multiculturalism and Journalism's Promise of Diversity,” by <mask><mask>, Isabel Awad, and John W. Kim. Journal of Communication, 59 (2009): 57-78. “The Privatization of Press Ethics,” Journalism Studies, 15, 6 (2014): 699-703. References

External links

 Stanford communication faculty page
 <mask><mask>'s Website

Living people
University of Iowa alumni
Stanford University faculty
Journalism academics
Year of birth missing (living

masks:
Theodore L
. Glasser
Theodore L
. Glasser
Theodore L
. Glasser
Theodore L
. Glasser


texts:
<mask> (born 26 June 1979) is a Norwegian jazz musician, and the brother of the jazz musicians <mask> and <mask>. He is mainly known from his releases on the jazz label ECM Records. His main instrument is the trumpet, but he also plays upright bass, vibraphone, piano and guitar. He has performed with several well-known music groups and musicians, e.g. Jaga Jazzist, Manu Katché, and the Trondheim Jazz Orchestra together with Chick Corea and Pat Metheny. Besides this he is also known for his collaboration with Norwegian singer-songwriter Thomas Dybdahl, and recordings with the Norwegian bands Turboneger, DumDum Boys, Motorpsycho, D'Sound and Bigbang. Career

After finishing high school, he started on the Music program at the Toneheim Folkehøyskole near by Hamar, followed by studies on the Jazz program at Trondheim Musikkonsevatorium.Born in 1979 <mask> has marvellous range of achievements to show for himself: in 2007 he won the International Jazz Talent, awarded to him by the International Jazz Festivals Organization situated in New York. He then won the Statoil Scholarship in 2009, undoubtedly the largest scholarship in Norway, as he was heading for the release of his second album on one of the worlds most influential jazz record labels, ECM. In the meantime <mask> keeps himself busy participating on several albums playing either trumpet, double bass, vibraphone, piano, guitar, or in his own words “anything needed.” Some of his collaborators have been, among a vast amount of others, Trondheim Jazz Orchestra and Chick Corea, Iro Haarla, Manu Katché and Jacob Young. <mask> is also a member of the Norwegian genre-defying group Jaga Jazzist, a group with which he has performed for many years. In the summer of 2006 he toured with Jan Gunnar Hoff Group and Mike Stern and in October/November on European tour with Thomas Dybdahl. Eicks

masks:
Mathias Eick
Johannes Eick
Trude Eick
Eick
Eick
Eick


texts:
 band is currently a five-piece, featuring two drummers, bass, piano and Eick himself. The lineup changes invariably as all the participating musicians are amongst Norways finest, but for the most part the band consists of Andreas Ulvo (piano), Torstein Lofthus and Gard Nilssen (drums), and Audun Erlien (bass).The music is composed by <mask> and pays tribute to both the truly unique Scandinavian soundscape, as well as the lyricism and melancholy of the Canadian trumpeter Kenny Wheeler. In 2013 <mask> appeared at the North Sea Jazz Festival within his own Quintet including Andreas Ulvo (piano, Fender Rhodes, keyboards, electronics), Audun Erlien (bass), Andreas Bye & Kenneth Kapstad (drums). He received a prize of $20,000 US on 13 January 2007 during the IAJE 34th Annual International Conference in New York City where he also performed. The annual prize was founded by IAJE in cooperation with the International Jazz Festivals Organization (IJFO). He was awarded the 2014 DNB price at Kongsberg Jazzfestival (300,000 NOK). References

External links

IAJE 34th Annual International Conference  (PDF Brochure). International Jazz Festivals Organizations (IJFO)
International Association for Jazz Education (IAJE).Festival sites
Molde-jazz
Montreal Jazz festival
Montreux Jazz Festival
Monterey Jazz Festival

Jaga Jazzist members
1979 births
ECM Records artists
Living people
Musicians from Furnes, Norway
Norwegian jazz composers
Norwegian jazz trumpeters
Male trumpeters
Norwegian multi-instrumentalists
20th-century Norwegian trumpeters
21st-century Norwegian trumpeters
20th-century Norwegian multi-instrumentalists
21st-century Norwegian multi-instrumentalists
Norwegian University of Science and Technology alumni
Male jazz composers
Trondheim Jazz Orchestra members
Jacob Young Group members
Music for a While (band) members
Motif (band)

masks: Eick Eick


texts:
<mask> (born 1963) is a German musicologist. Life
Born in Göttingen, Hiekel first studied musicology, art history and history at the universities of Cologne and Bonn before he completed his double bass studies at the Musikhochschule Köln. Afterwards he received his doctorate at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn. He worked for many years as editor and publisher at the Breitkopf & Härtel music publishing house and as author for various ARD institutions and newspapers/magazines (including the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung and Opernwelt). Since 1992 a member of various early music ensembles, in 2002 he became a lecturer at the International Darmstadt Summer Courses for New Music and directed the composer seminars. From 2003 he was assistant professor for 20th century music at the Hochschule für Musik Carl Maria von Weber Dresden. In 2005 he took over the direction of the Institute for New Music at the Technische Universität Dresden and in 2008 he habilitated in historical musicology at the Technische Universität Dresden and took over a professorship for musicology/new music at the HfM Dresden.Since 2008 he is lecturer for music aesthetics and musicology at the Zurich University of the Arts. <mask> is a member of the Sächsische Akademie der Künste, in 2008-2014 secretary and since June 2015 deputy secretary of the Academy's music class. Since 2008 he is head of the mediation project , since 2012 board member of KlangNetz Dresden e. V. 2004-2019 he was board member of the Darmstadt Institute for New Music and Music Education (INMM), which he took over in 2013. In 2014 he was awarded the Saxon Teaching Prize, which was presented

masks:
Jörn Peter Hiekel
Hiekel


texts:
 for the first time. In 2019 he received the 10,000 EUR prize at the Bavarian Academy of Arts. "Happy New Ears"-Preis für Publizistik. Publications
 (ed.)Überblendungen. Neue Musik mit Film/Video (Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Neue Musik und Musikerziehung Darmstadt, vol. 56), Schott-Verlag, Mainz 2016. (ed. gemeinsam mit Pierre Michel und Marik Froidefond)UNITÉ – PLURALITÉ. La musique de Hans Zender, Editions Herman, Paris 2015. (ed.)Zurück zur Gegenwart? Weltbezüge in neuer Musik (Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Neue Musik und Musikerziehung Darmstadt, vol. 55), Schott-Verlag, Mainz 2015. (ed. gemeinsam mit Wolfgang Lessing): Verkörperungen der Musik. Interdisziplinäre Betrachtungen, transcript Verlag, Bielefeld 2014. (ed.)Hans Zender: Waches Hören. Texte zur Musik, Hanser Verlag, München 2014. (ed. ): Ins Offene? Neue Musik und Natur (Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Neue Musik und Musikerziehung Darmstadt, vol. 54), Schott-Verlag, Mainz 2014. Bernd Alois Zimmermanns „Requiem für einen jungen Dichter“ (Archiv für Musikwissenschaft.Beiheft 36). Steiner, Stuttgart 1995. (ed. ): Hans Zender: Die Sinne denken. Schriften zur Musik 1965–2003. Breitkopf & Härtel, Wiesbaden 2004. Wilfried Krätzschmar – Perspektiven seines Schaffens.Sandstein, Dresden 2005.
 with S. Mauser (ed. ): Nachgedachte Musik. Studien zum Werk Helmut Lachenmanns. Pfau, Saarbrücken 2005. Musik inszeniert. Vermittlung und Präsentation von zeitgenössischer Musik. Schott, Mainz 2006.
 with Manuel Gervink (ed.): Dmitri Shostakovich – das Spätwerk und sein zeitgeschichtlicher Kontext. Sandstein, Dresden 2006.
 with Manuel Gervink (ed. ): Robert Schumanns


texts:
 „Welten“. Sandstein, Dresden 2007.
 with E. Werner (ed. ): Musikkulturelle Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Böhmen und Sachsen. Pfau, Saarbrücken 2007.
 with W. Gratzer (ed. ): Ankommen: Gehen.Adriana Hölszkys Textkompositionen. Schott, Mainz 2007. (ed. ): Sinnbildungen. Spiritualität in der Musik heute. Schott, Mainz 2008 (Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Neue Musik und Musikerziehung Darmstadt. Vol.48). (ed. ): Musik-Kulturen (Darmstädter Diskurse. VOl. 2). Pfau, Saarbrücken 2008.
 with M. Gervink (ed. ): Klanglandschaften.Musik und gestaltete Natur. Wolke, Hofheim 2009. (ed. ): Vernetzungen. Neue Musik im Spannungsfeld von Wissenschaft und Technik. Schott, Mainz 2009 (Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Neue Musik und Musikerziehung Darmstadt. Vol.49). with M. Demuth (ed. ): Freiräume und Spannungsfelder. Zur Situation der zeitgenössischen Musik heute. Schott, Mainz 2009.
 with A. Goetze (ed. ): Religion und Glaube als künstlerische Kernkräfte im Werk von Olivier Messiaen. Wolke, Hofheim 2010.
 with M. Demuth (ed.): Kulturelle Identität(en) in der Musik der Gegenwart. Pfau, Saarbrücken 2010. (ed. ): Musik und andere Künste. Schott, Mainz 2010 (Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Neue Musik und Musikerziehung Darmstadt. Vol. 50).Vorzeitbelebung. Vergangenheits- und Gegenwartsbezüge in der Musik. Wolke, Hofheim 2010. (ed. ): Neue Musik in Bewegung. Musik- und Tanztheater heute. Schott, Mainz 2011 (Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Neue Musik und Musikerziehung Darmstadt.Vol. 51). with M. Demuth (ed. ): Hören und Denken: Musik und Philosophie heute. Schott, Mainz 2011. (ed. ): Die Kunst des Überwinterns: Musik und Literatur um


texts:
 1968.Böhlau, Weimar/Köln/Wien 2011. (ed. ): Wechselwirkungen. Neue Musik und Film. Wolke, Hofheim 2012. (ed. ): Berührungen.Über das (Nicht-)Verstehen von Musik heute. Schott, Mainz 2012 (Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Neue Musik und Musikerziehung Darmstadt. Vol. 52). with Patrick Müller (ed. ): Transformationen. Zur Musik von Klaus Huber.Schott, Mainz 2012. (ed. ): Populär vs. Elitär? Wertvorstellungen und Popularisierungen der Musik heute. Schott, Mainz 2013. (ed. ): Ans Licht gebracht?Zur Interpretation Neuer Musik. Schott, Mainz 2013 (Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Neue Musik und Musikerziehung Darmstadt. Vol. 53). with Christian Utz (ed. ): Lexikon Neue Musik. Metzler Verlag u. Bärenreiter Verlag, Stuttgart/Kassel 2016.(ed. ): Body sounds. Aspekte des Körperlichen in der Musik der Gegenwart. Schott, Mainz 2017 (Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Neue Musik und Musikerziehung Darmstadt. Vol. 57). with David Roesner (ed.): Gegenwart und Zukunft des Musiktheaters. Theorien, Analysen, Positionen. transcript, Bielefeld 2018. (ed. ): Clash! Generationen – Kulturen – Identitäten in der Gegenwartsmusik. Schott, Mainz 2018 (Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Neue Musik und Musikerziehung Darmstadt.Vol. 58). with Wolfgang Mende (ed. ): Klang und Semantik. transcript, Bielefeld 2018. (ed. ): Gegenwartsmusik als Forschung und Experiment Schott, Mainz 2019 (Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Neue Musik und Musikerziehung Darmstadt.VOl. 59). Bernd Alois Zimmermann in seiner Zeit Laaber Verlag 2019. References

External links

20th-century German musicologists
21st-century German musicologists
1963 births
Living


texts:
<mask> (March 21, 1872 – December 2, 1951) was an American novelist, journalist, and theatre artist. Much of <mask>’s earlier work was published with help from her parents, Mary and <mask>. <mask> later co-founded the Provincetown Players alongside Susan Glaspell, George Cram Cook, her husband Hutchins Hapgood, and others. <mask> worked with the Provincetown Players in several capacities that included directing, performing, hosting productions in her home, and having all four of her plays produced. <mask>’s plays featured plots that focused on women’s sexuality, personal relationships, and agency. Early life
<mask> was born in Franklin, Indiana, the second of five children to <mask> and <mask>. <mask> had a wife and child before his relationship with <mask>.This first marriage ended in a complicated divorce. In 1880, the diphtheria epidemic resulted in the death of all the Boyce children, except for Neith. The now family of three traveled from Milwaukee to Indiana and finally settled in Los Angeles. Neith Boyce was self-educated in her family homes in California She did this by reading the books in her parents’ library. She later attended a Los Angeles college that was overseen by an “old melancholy clerical gentleman.” Like most women at the time, Boyce also received music lessons. Career

Early Writing and Journalism
Neith began publishing pieces as a teenager in the 1880s in the Los Angeles Times, which her father co-founded. By the mid-1880s the Boyces were leading citizens in Los Angeles.The family later moved to Boston in 1891, where <mask> became an associate editor for The Cycle, which was a publication oriented towards women’s rights issues. <mask> <mask>’s editorial work and poetry. The first of Neith

masks:
Neith Boyce
Boyce
Henry Harrison Boyce
Neith Boyce
Boyce
Boyce
Nh Boyce
Henry Harrison Boyce
Mary Boyce
Henry Harrison Boyce
Mary Boyce
Mary Boyce
Mary Boyceh
Boyce


texts:
 <mask>'s works to be published with the help of her mother was a segment titled “women’s nature poetry.” After her family moved to New York in 1896, Boyce began publishing articles and short stories successfully in Vogue magazine. By the late 1890s, Neith <mask> was living in Greenwich Village with two other young women, who, like herself, were salaried newspaperwomen. The three made their way by writing for various New York City newspapers. Neith <mask> worked for Lincoln Steffens, then editor of The Commercial Advertiser. Boyce published her first book in 1896, The Chap-Book.Playwright
<mask>’s husband, Hapgood, took to spending summers in Provincetown, Massachusetts. <mask> became involved with the local community of female playwrights in Provincetown and was one of the founding members of the Provincetown Players. All four of <mask>’s works for the stage were first presented by the Provincetown Players. <mask> also wrote, directed, and performed for the company. Major themes that are consistent throughout Boyce’s work include:
 Cases that argue for young men and women to experience periods of sexual or relational experimentation to avoid making serious mistakes. The power of social conventions, whether for good or evil. The negative effects on women’s character from having to cope with life independently.The general difficulty of women’s lives. <mask>’s Constancy (1914) inaugurated the first season of the theatre that would become the Provincetown Players. The play deals with the tempestuous relationship between two of her summer neighbors who were also members of the Provincetown Players, Mabel Dodge and John Reed. Boyce addresses sexual double standards through satirizing the love affair between Dodge and

masks: Boyce Boyce Boyce Boyce Boyce Boyce Boyce Boyce


texts:
 Jack Reed, both of whom were married at the time to other people. In the play, the male lead, Rex, cannot remain faithful to his lover, Moira, yet expects her to await his return from his latest love affair. This topic points to <mask>’s frustration with the sexual double standard in her own marriage, as well as the hypocrisies practiced by the male members of the Provincetown Players. The second production was of Enemies (1916) which was a collaboration between <mask> <mask> and her husband.Enemies was written as a dialogue between a man and a woman that reflected the then contemporary war between the sexes. <mask> <mask> wrote the woman’s lines, and Hutchins Hapgood wrote the man’s. The couple appeared in the play when it premiered in Provincetown. Enemies was one the first plays to be produced for radio. Both Two Sons and Winter’s Night were produced in 1916, however, a printed version of Winter’s Night was not available until 1928. This published copy of Winter’s Night featured several revisions from the script originally presented in Provincetown. Winter’s Night features a female protagonist who rejects a proposal from her late husband's brother to start a dress-making business.This results in the suitor’s suicide. Personal life
<mask> <mask> met her husband, Hutchins Hapgood, while working for The Commercial Advertiser. Hapgood himself had a long career as a novelist and journalist. They married on June 22, 1899. The two would function as friends and advisors to such cultural celebrities as Mabel Dodge, Djuna Barnes, Alfred Stieglitz, Georgia O’Keeffe, and Gertrude Stein. Hapgood and <mask> had what was outwardly claimed to be a “modern marriage” in which both partners were equal, and neither was bound by

masks: Boyce Neith Boyce Neith Boyce Neith Boyce Boyce


texts:
 sexual fidelity. However, behind closed doors, <mask> was solely responsible for the children, while Hapgood enjoyed numerous affairs.Hapgood’s jealousy prevented <mask> from enjoying the sexual freedom that he enjoyed for himself. Her one exception to this restrictive marriage was Hapgood’s support of her writing, and <mask>’s ability to use her writing as a means to voice her own discontent and frustration. <mask> died in Richmond, New Hampshire. Bibliography

Novels
 The Chap-Book (1896)
 The Forerunner (1903)
 The Folly of Others (1906)
 Eternal Spring (1906)
 The Bond (1908)
 Proud Lady (1923)
 Harry: A Portrait (1923)

Plays
 Constancy (1914)
 Enemies (1916)
 Two Sons (1916)
 Winter’s Night (1928)

Further reading
 The Modern World of Neith Boyce : Autobiography and Diaries, edited by Carol DeBoer-Langworthy. University of New Mexico Press, 2003. References

Sources
Yale University Library - Guide to the Hapgood Family Papers

External links

 Website of Carol DeBoer-Langworthy, editor of The Modern World of Neith Boyce

1872 births
1951 deaths
20th-century American novelists
20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
People from Franklin, Indiana
American women novelists
20th-century American women writers
Progressive Era in the United States
People from Provincetown,

masks: Boyce Boyce Boyce Boyce


texts:
<mask> (born August 9, 1959), professionally known by his stage name <mask>, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record/film producer, b-boy, DJ, public speaker and minister. He is the first commercially successful rapper and the first to sign with a major record label. "The Breaks", a single from his 1980 self-titled debut album, is the first certified gold record rap song. Throughout his career he has released 15 albums and is currently an ordained minister. Early life, family and education
Walker was raised in Harlem, Manhattan, New York City. He attended CCNY and Nyack College, studying communications/film and ministry. Career
In 1979, at the age of twenty, <mask> became the first rapper to be signed by a major label, Mercury, which released "Christmas Rappin'".It sold over 400,000 copies, becoming one of the first commercially successful hip hop singles. Its follow-up, "The Breaks", sold over half a million copies. He released ten albums over the next eleven years. His first album was Kurtis Blow, while his second was the Top 40 pop album Deuce. Party Time featured a fusion of rap and go-go. Ego Trip included the hits: "8 Million Stories", "AJ Scratch", and "Basketball". His 1985 album, America, garnered praise for its title track's music video.From this album, the song "If I Ruled the World" became a Top 5 hit on Billboard's R&B chart. By 1983, he moved into production. He lived in Co-op City in the Bronx in the mid-1980s. Besides his own work, <mask> has been responsible for hits by The Fat Boys and Run DMC. Run began his career billed as 'The Son of Kurtis Blow'. Lovebug Starski, Full Force, Russell Simmons and Wyclef Jean all have been produced by, or collaborated with, Walker. Former label

masks:
Kurtis Walker
Kurtis Blow
Kurtis Blow
Kurtis


texts: mates René & Angela had their R&B chart topping debut "Save Your Love (For #1)" was gift rapped by Kurtis.Walker produced, with Phillip Jones as co-producer and Dexter Scott King as executive producer, the song "King Holiday", celebrating the first Martin Luther King Jr. Day, a U.S. federal holiday inaugurated in January 1986. He performed as an actor and in music coordination in several feature films including Leon Kennedy’s Knights of the City and the hip hop film Krush Groove. He was host and co-producer for Das Leben Amerikanischer Gangs (1995), an international film production focusing on the West Coast gang scene. As host and associate producer for Miramax’s Rhyme and Reason, he gave an informative account of the status of hip hop, while he participated in the three volume record release The History Of Rap for Rhino Records in 1998. <mask> also co produced “Slippin, Ten Years With The Bloods” and won praises from Showtime for being the most viewed documentary in 2003. <mask> was recently a producer for the Netflix show, "The Get Down". <mask> has spoken out emphatically against racism.He was an active participant in the Artists United Against Apartheid record “Sun City”. He worked with Rev. Jesse Jackson's Operation Push and National Rainbow Coalition in Chicago and with Rev. Al Sharpton's Action Network in New York City. In 1995, he started working on-air in radio, Power 106, the #1 CHR radio station in Southern California. He hosted The Old School Show on Sunday nights, featuring hits from the past. He also worked for Sirius Satellite Radio on the Classic Old School Hip Hop station Backspin (Channel 46) from 2000-2004.Beginning in 1996, <mask> <mask> was featured in a hip hop display at the Rock and

masks: Kurtis Kurtis Kurtis Kurtis Blow


texts: Roll Hall of Fame. In the same year, rapper Nas debuted at #53 on the Billboard Hot 100 with his version of <mask>'s "If I Ruled The World". The song went on to double platinum. In 1998, the group Next released "Too Close", in which the music of "Christmas Rappin'" was sampled. ASCAP honored Kurt and Next at a gala affair on May 26, 1999 for having the number one song for 8 months. In 2002, he traveled to the Middle East to tour the Armed Forces bases performing seventeen shows for the troops. In December 2014, Kurt was the Guest MC for the world premiere of The Hip Hop Nutcracker at New Jersey Performing Arts Center, a well received update of Tchaikovsky's holiday classic.A national tour of the show was scheduled to launch in November 2015 with <mask> <mask> reprising his role as Guest MC opening the show. The show has presently been up and running with 50-60 sold-out performances during the holidays. In 2016 <mask> was unanimously elected as Chairman of The Universal Hip Hop Museum. The museum is slated to open in 2023 in the Bronx point section of NYC. In 2017, <mask> formed "The Bboy Committee", a group of 1st generation Bboys/Girls, who created the style of dance called Bboying, Rocking, and Break Dancing. The members of the Bboy Committee are as follows: Trixie (Lauree Myers),RIP Wallace D, Dancing Doug (Douglas Colon), A1 Bboy Sasa, DJ Clark Kent (Tyrone Smith), The Legendary Smith Twins, The Zulu Kings and Cholly Rock (Anthony G. Horne), OG BGirl - Darlene Rivers, "Puppet" (William "Billy Bill" Waring), Darryl Solomon (The Mad Hatter), <mask> <mask>, Lil Cesar Rivas, and Shabba-Doo. The committee is dedicated to the facilitation of the Bboy section of the Universal Hip Hop Museum.<mask> became an

masks: Blow Kurtis Blow Kurtis Kurtis Kurtis Blow Kurtis


texts:
 ordained minister on August 16, 2009. As the founder of The Hip Hop Church in Harlem, Kurtis serves as rapper, DJ, worship leader and licensed minister. In 2016, <mask> <mask> appeared in a documentary on the evolution of hip hop, Hip-Hop Evolution. Hosted by Canadian rapper and broadcaster Shad, the series profiled the history of hip-hop music through interviews with many of the genre's leading cultural figures. The series was produced by Russell Peters, Scot McFadyen, Sam Dunn and Nelson George. It won the 2016 Peabody Award, and the 2017 International Emmy Award for Best Arts Programming. The series has been broadcast on Netflix.Discography

Studio albums

Other albums
 <mask> <mask> Presents: Hip Hop Ministry (2007, EMI Gospel)
 Just Do It (2008, Krush Groove/Trinity/B4 Ent.) (with The Trinity)
 Father, Son, and Holy Ghost (2009, Krush Groove/Trinity/B4 Ent.) (with The Trinity)
 30th Anniversary of The Breaks CD (2010, Krush Records)

Compilation albums
 The Breaks (1986, Polygram)
 The Best of Kurtis Blow (1994, Mercury)
 Best of... Rappin''' (2002, Spectrum Music)
 20th Century Masters - The Millennium Collection: The Best of Kurtis Blow'' (2003, Mercury)

Singles and EPs

References

External links

 <mask> <mask> on AllMusic

1959 births
Living people
African-American Christians
African-American record producers
African-American male rappers
American beatboxers
Record producers from New York (state)
American boogie musicians
Nyack College alumni
People from Harlem
People from Co-op City, Bronx
Rappers from Manhattan
21st-century American rappers
21st-century American male musicians
Mercury Records artists
Polydor Records artists
21st-century African-American musicians
20th-century

masks: Kurtis Blow Kurtis Blow Kurtis Blow


texts:
<mask> (; born 26 September 1985), artistically known as <mask>, then M<mask> (), is a French singer, songwriter, dancer and actor. In 2016, he became a coach for The Voice Kids France and The Voice: la plus belle voix. Early life

<mask> is the son of professional footballer André Tota and Brigitte. His parents divorced in 1998 when he was 13 years old. As a child, he studied in an elementary school in Hohberg, and later at Collège Paul-Émile Victor in Mundolsheim, and Lycée Aristide Briand in Schiltigheim near Strasbourg. When he was younger, football was his first ambition and he wanted to become a professional player. However, he later opted for music.<mask> Tota explained the origin of his stage name <mask> in an interview during the documentary Mise à jour broadcast on 26 August 2010 on NRJ 12 TV channel. He said he was searching for an artistic name and happened to be talking to his grandmother of Polish origin and the importance of humility came up. He asked her "how do we say 'humility' in Polish," and she said "pokora". Tota immediately decided to adopt the word as his stage name. He earned some public attention as a member of French R&B group Mic Unity. In Popstars and Linkup

In fall 2003, he participated in the third season of Popstars, a French talent reality television show broadcast on M6. The concept of the program was to present possible candidates the winners of which would take part in the formation of a boy band or girl band.He was a crowd and jury favourite, and became a member of a boy band called Linkup formed with Lionel and Otis, two other winners in 2003 Popstars. The female winners were formed into another group Diadems

masks:
Matthieu Tota
Matt Pokora
. Pokora
Matthieu Tota
Matthieu
Matt Pokora


texts:
 formed of <mask>, Angel, Pookie, Ophélie and Alexandra. In the final showdown, the boy band including <mask> Tota won the series over the girl band Diadems, who ended up runners-up. Their first Linkup single "Mon Étoile" was very successful topping French charts, and the debut album Notre Étoile was moderately successful. However the second single release "Une seconde d'éternité" was much less successful despite good sales. The band tried again their hand in a collaboration with the British boy band Blue making a bilingual English/French version with Blue based on the latter's song "Bubblin'". The bilingual English/French Blue/Linkup version was entitled "You & Me Bubblin".Soon afterwards, Linkup disbanded due to poor performance of sales on releases. Solo career

M. Pokora (2004/2005)

In 2004, soon after the break-up of Linkup, <mask> started working preparing for a solo career collaborating with the producers Kore & Skalp. Under the stage name <mask>, he released his first eponymous solo album originally entitled <mask>a. In 2005, he was forced to change his chosen name after a lawsuit from French R&B singer <mask>. As a result, he changed his stage name to M<mask> and re-released the album as M. <mask>. The debut single from M. Pokora was very successful. Called "Showbiz (The Battle)", it was a Top 10 hit in France, and also charted in Belgium and Switzerland.The second single Elle me contrôle featuring Sweety reached #6 in France and Pokora received two NRJ Music Awards for the single. Yet a third successful single was released called "Pas sans toi". The album released on Universal was certified gold. He also started collaborating with Hakim

masks:
Marylore
Matthieu
Matthieu
Matt Pokora
Matt Pokor
Matt Houston
. Pokora
Pokora


texts:
 Ghorab who became his long-time choreographer and took part in many of his music videos. He also developed a close collaboration with music video director Karim Ouaret who directed most of his successful videos. Player (2006/2007)

In January 2006, his second album Player was released topping the French chart. For producing the new album, he collaborated with Belgian producers Bionix, Rachid <mask> and Christian Dessart mixing R & B with pop and crunk'n b, and artists Red Rat and Zoxea and geared toward the younger and feminine fan brackets.He also enjoyed great popularity with gay audiences. The first single from his second album was the very successful "De retour" featuring Tyron Carter. That was followed with single "Oh la la la (Sexy Miss)" with Red Rat. During a concert organized by NRJ Radio in France, he met Puerto Rican singer <mask> and <mask> asked M<mask> to make a collaboration on <mask>'s hit "It's Alright". The result was a bilingual French/English <mask>/M. Pokora release also entitled "It's Alright" that sold more than 100,000 copies. Finally, a last single from the Player album followed called "Mal de guerre", which was a relative success.M<mask> released Player in a second edition in March 2006 with the bonus track added of the duet with <mask>. To promote the album and capitalize on its success, M. Pokora engaged in a tour of more than 30 French venues under the title Player Tour that culminated in a big sold-out concert at Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy. At the end of the tour, a DVD containing materials from the shows was marketed under the name Player Tour Live. The DVD also included a photo book and memories from the tour.

masks:
Mir
Ricky Martin
Martin
. Pokora
Martin
Ricky Martin
. Pokora
Ricky Martin


texts:
 Pokora also created his own label M2theP Entertainment, signing his protégé, the rapper Tyron Carter. In addition to being featured on "De retour", Tyron Carter released "Ne me dis pas" that featured M. Pokora, a Top 30 hit, followed by an album Mon hold-up. MP3 (2008/2009)

After end of the Player Tour, Pokora left Universal and signed with EMI France.Also desiring a more international profile, he went to New York and created contacts most importantly with R&B producers Ryan Leslie and J. R. Rotem. The result was his third album MP3 that was released on 24 March 2008, containing 14 tracks, including 12 in English. The title of the album was a play on his name <mask>a (MP) and the number 3 (his third album) but also referring to the popular gadget MP3, the audio format for consumer audio storage. Pokora promoted the launching of the album with a prerelease of single "Dangerous" featuring American hip hop artist Timbaland and Sebastian, Timbaland's brother and the timing of the release was picked to coincide with the NRJ Music Awards of 2008. The album reached #7 with estimated physical sales of 200,000 copies and additional downloads of 151,000. The album was certified gold. The album also did well internationally charting in Finland, Germany, Mexico, Belgium and in his homeland Poland where he won the Polish Eska Music Awards as the "International Pop Artist of the Year".After the success of "Dangerous", Pokora released a second single "They Talk Sh#t About Me" that features the young English rapper Natalia Kills credited on the release by her stage name  Verse. The single unlike "Dangerous" (that had reached #1) was not played heavily on French


texts:
 radio because of English-language content and managed to reach only #24. A third release from MP3, namely "Catch Me If You Can" was made with the music video featuring Julie Ricci. She is known for her appearances on Top Model in 2007 on M6 and in Secret Story in its 4th season on TF1. The single failed to make it to the French charts, but was successful in Poland reaching #11. The follow up "Through The Eyes" was also a relative success in Poland reaching #31 in the Polish charts. To coincide with MP3 release, M<mask> launched his Catch Me Tour 2008 ending with a concert in Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy on 18 November 2008.He also toured Belgium (6 December), Switzerland (13 December) ending with a final concert in Lyon, France on 14 December 2008. Mise À Jour / Updated (2010/2011)

Fourth studio album titled Mise à jour was released on 23 August 2010. The lead single "Juste une photo de toi" was released on 7 June 2010 and was a big hit reaching #4 in the French Albums Chart. It includes collaborations with Wayne Beckford, Gee Futuristic, X-Plosive, Astro Boyz, Tarz, STX and Bionix. Simultaneously a Mis à jour Édition Deluxe was released that in addition to the original 15 tracks of Mis à jour also contained seven new tracks exclusive for the Deluxe edition (including six in English). The first single from the album was "Juste une photo de toi" released concurrently with the launching of the album. On 22 January 2011, during the NRJ Music Awards, the song was chosen as "Song of the Year" in addition to M<mask> being chosen "French Male Artist of the Year".To consolidate his international drive started with the MP3 album, he announced that an

masks:
. Pokora
. Pokora


texts: English version was under preparation. Finally the English version titled Updated was launched on 14 March 2011, containing 11 songs, mostly adaptations of the French-language hits on Mise à jour. Six of the titles were already known by the French public through the August 2010 Mise à jour Édition Deluxe release. For promotion of the album, he organized a mini tour and a series of open-air concerts rather than concerts in halls. In November 2010, a follow-up single "Mirage" was released accompanied with a new music video. The single received a great number of downloads, but not enough physical sales to reach the top of the charts and the single made only up to #64 despite the top position in downloads. In January 2011, "Oblivion" an English-language version of "Mirage" was released with same arrangement but with new English lyrics for the international markets.The single was an opener for the release of Updated, destined for non-French markets of Mis à jour songs, but was made available for French markets as well. In March 2011, M<mask> announced a tour of 15 French cities, venues in Belgium and a final show in the Olympia. As a prelude, he also appeared in French, Belgian and Swiss clubs with dates from April to June 2011. He also launched in March 2011 Mise à jour Version 2.0 that included extra materials including the Jean-Jacques Goldman, Carole Fredericks and <mask> classic "À nos actes manqués" which was destined to be his new single. It immediately became the number one physical single sales and reached the Top 10. The album Mise à jour Version 2.0 was made available on 18 April 2011, containing 17 titles including 14 form the original, the

masks:
. Pokora
Michael Jones


texts:
 Jean-Jacques Goldman cover single three English-language titles from Updated and a new French track "Si on échangeait les rôles", the French version of Updateds "Finally Found Ya". À la poursuite du bonheur (2012/2013)

The fifth studio album À la poursuite du bonheur by French singer M. <mask>, was released on 20 March.The album's leading single "Juste un instant" was released on 30 January 2012 and reached number eighteen on the French singles chart. The album entered the French albums chart at number two. The second single from the album was "On est là" released in April 2012. In order to promote the album, M<mask> embarked in a national tour in May 2012. The third single from the album was announced in the end of May; "Merci d'être" was officially released on 2 July 2012. The album is set to be re-issued on 19 November 2012; the new edition is set to include five new tracks, including the Jean-Jacques Goldman cover "Envole-moi" with singer Tal. Robin Hood (2013/2014)

 R.E.D.(2015/2016)

M<mask>'s sixth studio album, R.E.D. / Rythmes Extrêmement Dangereux was released in France in February 2015. My Way (2016)

M<mask>'s seventh studio album, My Way was released in France on 21 October 2016, topping the French Album Charts in its initial week of release. Pyramide (2019)

M<mask>'s eighth studio album, Pyramide was released in France on 12 April 2019. The album reached the top of the French Charts upon its release. Acting career

In 2011 Pokora voiced Duncan Rosenblatt, the main character of Firebreather, in the French dub of the Cartoon Network movie. Robin des Bois (2013)

M<mask> appeared in the lead role of Robin Hood in the French

masks:
Pokora
. Pokora
. Pokora
. Pokora
. Pokora
. Pokora


texts:
 musical comedy Robin des Bois (full title Robin des Bois: Ne renoncez jamais) that premiered on 26 September 2013 in Palais des congrès de Paris with performances in that venue extending to 10 November 2013.The act then toured all over France. The musical, a Gilbert Coullier, Roberto Ciurleo and RDB-P presentation, with musical mise en scène by <mask> and text and music by Patrice Guirao and Lionel Florence is tipped as the musical event of 2013 in France. The soundtrack for the musical was released on Capitol Records / EMI on 22 March 2013 and entered the SNEP official French Albums Chart in its first week of release eventually reaching number 3 and also reaching number 4 in the Belgian (Wallonia) francophone Singles Chart. It was released in two versions, the standard edition and the digipack limited edition. Two tracks from the album as performed by M. Pokora have been released as singles. The first was "Le jour qui se rêve", a solo performance by Pokora, and "À nous", a hit performed by M<mask> (Robin des Bois), Nyco Lilliu as Frère Tuck (Friar Tuck) and <mask> as Petit Jean (Little John). Personal life

M. Pokora was troubled by the divorce of his parents and remained greatly attached to his mother after the divorce.He lived with her in Strasbourg before renting an apartment in Paris. His autobiographical song "Sur ma route" co-written by Jack Robinson, M<mask> and Jordan Houyez from his album MP3 is about his experiences as a child in a broken home. He keeps contact with his father, who actively supports him. He is an avid football fan and dreamed of a professional football career very early on. He is a big supporter of the French football

masks:
Michel Laprise
. Pokora
Marc Antoine
. Pokora


texts:
 club Olympique de Marseille, and takes part in many football events. M<mask> has been friends for many years with his personal choreographer Hakim Ghorab and his wife Aline and is godfather to their daughter Lola. He is also a friend of footballer Djibril Cissé and is godfather to one of his sons.He added a tattoo reading X as a tribute to him, because Cissé makes the X sign with his hands every time he scores. Cissé carries a similar X tattoo himself. Pokora has been in a relationship with <mask> since August 2017. In July 2019, they announced that they were expecting their first child together. On January 20, 2020, <mask> gave birth to their son named Isaiah. In December 2020, they announced they're expecting their second child. They also reportedly married that month, according to a French magazine.On April 24, 2021, they welcomed their second son named Kenna. Charities and public awareness

From the start, and over many years, M<mask> has been a great supporter of charity causes particularly HIV/AIDS and children charities. In 2004, he took part in the charity single "Chanter qu'on les aime", in support of Association Mondiale des Amis de l'Enfance (AMADE). In 2005, he was in  "Protège-toi", an AIDS charity single for Collectif Protection Rapprochée. In the same year, he was in "Et puis la terre...", a charity single for the tsunami victims under the name Artistes Solidaritie Ici pour Eux (A.S.I.E.) with a great number of French artists. In 2006, he sang in "L'Or de nos vies", a charity single from Fight Aids.In 2007, he took part in two renditions: "Je fais de toi mon essentiel" by <mask> and "S'aimer est interdit" by Anne-Laure Girbal both

masks:
. Pokora
Christina Milian
Milian
. Pokora
Emmanuel Moire


texts:
 featured on the charity album "Le Roi Soleil – De Monaco à Versailles (LIVE) – Fight Aids". In 2010, he appeared in Collectif Kilomaitre charity single "Un Respect mutuel", with many other hip hop and urban artists. He was associated with AIDES project and in 2010 sang a solo cover of Tracy Chapman's "Talking About a Revolution", on the charity album Message (AIDES)"

Pokora is a member of the Les Enfoirés charity ensemble since 2012. Tattoos

<mask>a is very famous for his body tattoos including:

 "POKORA" meaning humility in Polish (also the artist's adopted artistic name) inscribed on his right arm in capital letters
 "Only God Can Judge Me" on the right arm in English
 Chinese calligraphy signifying "Creativity", "Peace" and "Patience" surrounded by a dragon on his left shoulder
 The letter M signifying his name (<mask>hieu) surrounded by colorful flames on his left arm
 A tattoo on the calf symbolizing dancing
 An Arabic saying on his neck: قل الخير والا فاصمت, roughly 'Say good things or keep silent']
 "Ambition" on his lower back in Chinese calligraphy surrounded by chains and two wings. Letter X on his right wrist signifying brotherhood/friendship, as a tribute to his close friend Djibril Cissé, a footballer who makes the X sign with his arms every time he scores in a soccer game. A star between his left thumb and forefinger
 Star-flower near his left ear

 In popular culture

 M. Pokora took part three times in French television game and adventure competition series Fort Boyard in 2005, 2006 and 2009 winning with his team 3690, 28230 and 3000 euros respectively, all donated to charities. In 2006, he performed "Elle me contrôle" in the TV

masks:
M Pokor
Matt


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 show La chanson de l'année alongside other notable artists
 In 2006, his song "Get Down On It" appeared on the soundtrack of Asterix and the Vikings
 In 2006, he took part in the French version of Muppets TV (broadcast on 31 December 2006)
 In 2007, he took part in Symphonic show special organized by Sidaction, a French AIDS charity
 In 2008, Sony Ericsson and EMI Music France his label offered in exclusivity the downloading of 7 songs from the MP3 album through the W380i as a promotional and sponsoring campaign.In April 2008, M<mask> also gave an interview to French gay publication Têtu also appearing on its cover.Ozap: M. Pokora pose et règle ses comptes dans Têtu (in French)
 He took part in "L’Or de nos vies", a charity song recorded for "Fight AIDS Monaco", an association of Princess Stéphanie of Monaco
 He also took part with a song in the album Message made available starting January 2010 with contribution from many artists including Christophe Willem, Jennifer, Anggun, Sliimy, Natasha St Pier, Daniel Powter, Lara Fabian. M<mask>'s contribution included "Talking About a Revolution", a cover of a Tracy Chapman hit. In 2011, he performed on Le show Johnny hosted by Johnny Hallyday
 Enjoying great popularity with children, M. <mask> has taken part in many broadcasts concentrated on kids, including a special on him on 25 May 2011 on L'École des fans presented by Philippe Risoli where children Gabin, Alicia, Romane, Yamin, Axel and Inès aged 5 to 7 years sang covers of his songs. He also interpreted his cover hit "À nos actes manqués" on the show. He was also co-sponsor with Hélène Ségara et Jean-Luc Reichmann of the second edition of TF1's show

masks:
. Pokora
. Pokora
Pokora


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 Le grand show des enfants broadcast on 30 April 2011. Winning Danse avec les stars
 On 19 March 2011 he won season 1 inaugural series of Danse avec les stars (the French version of Dancing with the Stars) with his partner Katrina Patchett getting 62% of the votes against 38% to runner-up Sofia Essaïdi. This table shows the route of M.Pokora and Katrina Patchett in Danse Avec Les Stars.In the final, the Freestyle wasn't


texts:
<mask> (;  – ) was a German knight, poet and composer, regarded as one of the greatest epic poets of medieval German literature. As a Minnesinger, he also wrote lyric poetry. Life

Little is known of <mask>'s life. There are no historical documents which mention him, and his works are the sole source of evidence. In Parzival, he talks of wir Beier ("we Bavarians"); the dialect of his works is East Franconian. This and a number of geographical references have resulted in the present-day Wolframs-Eschenbach, until 1917 Obereschenbach, near Ansbach in present-day Bavaria, being officially designated as his birthplace. However, the evidence is circumstantial and not without problems - there are at least four other places named Eschenbach in Bavaria, and Wolframs-Eschenbach was not part of the Duchy of Bavaria (Altbayern) in <mask>'s time.The arms shown in the Manesse manuscript come from the imagination of a 14th-century artist, drawing on the figure of the Red Knight in Parzival, and have no heraldic connection with <mask>. <mask>'s work indicates a number of possible patrons (most reliably Hermann I of Thuringia), which suggests that he served at a number of courts during his life. He was presumably not a wealthy man, as he made frequent allusions to his own poverty. In his Parzival, <mask> states that he is illiterate; while the claim is treated with scepticism by some scholars, the truth of the assertion, difficult for some moderns to believe, is impossible to ascertain. But it has been credited by many commentators. It is noted in Thomas Mann's The Magic Mountain that "the greatest poet of the Middle Ages, <mask> <mask>, could neither read nor write," and the Catholic Encyclopedia observes:  "<mask> in his Parzival tells us explicitly that he could neither

masks:
Wolfram von Eschenbach
Wolfram
Wolfram
Wolfram
Wolfram
Wolfram
Wolfram
von Eschenbach
Wolfram


texts:
 read nor write. His poems were written down from dictation.His knowledge was extensive and varied rather than accurate. He certainly knew French, but only imperfectly; for his proper names often show a curious misunderstanding of French words and phrases." Works

Parzival

<mask> is best known today for his Parzival, sometimes regarded as the greatest of all German Arthurian romances. Based on Chrétien de Troyes' unfinished Perceval, le Conte du Graal, it is the first extant work in German to have as its subject the Holy Grail (in <mask>'s interpretation a gemstone). In the poem, <mask>'s narrator expresses disdain for Chrétien's (unfinished) version of the tale, and states that his source was a poet from Provence called Kyot. Titurel and Willehalm

<mask> is the author of two other narrative works: the fragmentary Titurel and the unfinished Willehalm. These were both composed after Parzival, and Titurel mentions the death of Hermann I, which dates it firmly after 1217.Titurel consists of two fragments, which tell the story of Schionatulander and Sigune (lovers that were already depicted in Parzival). The first fragment deals with the birth of love between the main characters. The second fragment is quite different. Schionatulander and Sigune are alone in a forest, when their peace is suddenly disturbed by a mysterious dog, whose leash contains a story written in rubies. Sigune is eager to read the story, but the dog runs off. Schionatulander sets off to find him, but, as we already know from Parzival, he dies in the attempt. Willehalm, an unfinished poem based on the Old French chanson de geste, Aliscans, was a significant work, and has been preserved in 78 manuscripts.It is set against the backdrop of the religious wars between the Christians and the

masks: Wolfram Wolfram Wolfram Wolfram


texts:
 Saracens. The eponymous hero Willehalm kidnaps a Saracen princess, converts her to Christianity and marries her. The Saracen king raises an army to rescue his daughter. The poem has many of the distinguishing features of medieval literature: the victory of the Christians over a much larger Saracen army, the touching death of the young knight Vivian, Willehalm's nephew and the works mirror of chivalric courage and spiritual purity. Lyric poetry
<mask>'s nine surviving songs, five of which are dawn-songs, are regarded as masterpieces of Minnesang. Dawn-songs recount the story of a knight who spends the night with his beloved lady, but at dawn has to slip away unnoticed. Mostly it is the lady who wakes the knight up in the morning, but sometimes this mission is made by the watchman.No melodies survived. Two melodies are still connected to him, the Schwarzer Thon, attributed to <mask> in a 14th-century manuscript, and the fragmentary and unfinished epic Titurel (after 1217) with a complicated four-line stanza form that was often used in later poems. Influence
The 84 surviving manuscripts of Parzival, both complete and fragmentary, indicate the immense popularity of <mask>'s major work in the following two centuries. Willehalm, with 78 manuscripts, comes not far behind. Many of these include a continuation written in the 1240s by <mask> Türheim under the title Rennewart. The unfinished Titurel was taken up and expanded around 1272 by a poet named Albrecht, who is generally presumed to be Albrecht <mask> and who adopts the narrative persona of <mask>. This work is referred to as the Jüngere Titurel (Younger Titurel).The modern rediscovery of <mask> begins with the publication of a translation of Parzival in 1753 by the Swiss scholar Johann Jakob Bodmer. Parzival

masks:
Wolfram
Wolfram
Wolfram
Ulrich von
von Scharfenberg
Wolfram
Wolfram


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 was the main source Richard Wagner used when writing the libretto to his opera, Parsifal. <mask> himself appears as a character in another Wagner opera, Tannhäuser. References

Notes

Bibliography

D. H. Green, The Art of Recognition in <mask>'s Parzival. Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982. Groos, Arthur. Romancing the Grail: Genre, Science, and Quest in Wolfram's Parzival.Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1995. James F. Poag, <mask> <mask> (Twayne's World Authors Series) Twayne Publishers 1972. Sager, Alexander. Minne von mæren: on <mask>'s "Titurel." Göttingen: V&R, 2006. Otto Springer. "Wolfram's Parzival" in Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages, Roger S. Loomis (ed.).Clarendon Press: Oxford University. 1959. <mask> <mask>, Parzival with Titurel and The Love-lyrics, trans. Cyril Edwards (Woodbridge, Boydell Press, 2004). <mask> <mask>, Parzival, trans. A.T.Hatto. Penguin 1980. .
 Edwards, Cyril, "<mask> <mask>, Islam, and the Crusades," in James Hodkinson and Jeffrey Morrison (eds), Encounters with Islam in German Literature and Culture (Woodbridge, Camden House, 2009), pp.36–54. External links

<mask> <mask> in the Literary Encyclopedia
Works (Middle High German)
List of Parzival manuscripts (Marburger Repertorium)
List of Willhalm manuscripts (Marburger Repertorium)
Two of <mask>'s songs (Middle High German)
El Grial, including songs by <mask> <mask> performed by Capella de Ministrers & Carlos Magraner

12th-century births
1220 deaths
12th-century German poets
13th-century German poets
13th-century German composers
Epic poets
German male poets
Holy Grail
Medieval German knights
Middle High German literature
Minnesingers
People from Ansbach (district)
Writers of Arthurian literature
Year of birth uncertain
Year of death

masks:
Wolfram
Wolfram
Wolfram
von Eschenbach
Wolfram
Wolfram
von Eschenbach
Wolfram
von Eschenbach
Wolfram
von Eschenbach
Wolfram
von Eschenbach
Wolfram
Wolfram
von Eschenbach


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<mask> (August 21, 1926 – December 5, 1994) was an American football player and a pioneering television broadcaster for the forerunner to WIVB-TV in Buffalo. He played college football for the University of Michigan Wolverines in 1944 and from 1946 to 1948. He was a consensus selection at end on the 1948 College Football All-America Team. <mask> played professionally in the National Football League (NFL) with the Detroit Lions for one season in 1950. After retiring from football he settled in Buffalo and became a sports broadcaster. He worked as a color commentator and as a play-by-play announcer for the Buffalo Bulls. He hosted various television and radio sports shows and was eventually inducted into the Buffalo Broadcasters Hall of Fame.In college, he led the Big Ten Conference in single season receptions during his senior year and set Michigan Wolverines receptions records for both career touchdown and single-season touchdowns. He had also been a Michigan High School Athletic Association (MHSAA) state champion in both basketball and track and field. His college career was interrupted by World War II service, and his high school career was also affected by the war due to the MHSAA's cancellation of state championships in all sports in 1943. High school
<mask> was born in Petoskey, Michigan, and raised in Kalamazoo, Michigan before his family moved to Saginaw, Michigan. <mask> was a star athlete at Saginaw's Arthur Hill High School in football, basketball, and track and field. In 1943, Michigan canceled boys high school tournaments in all sports due to World War II, and they did not return until the fall of 1944. In 1944, he led Arthur Hill High to the MHSAA Class A high school basketball championship (over Kalamazoo Central High School), scoring 24 points, including 17 in the second half, of the championship game.<mask> was also the state champion in 1944 in both the shot put  and high jump . He also led Arthur Hill in football, and his high school accomplishments are featured in Glory: The history of Saginaw County sports by Jack Tany (ASIN B0006RH9Z6), which is a book on high school

masks:
Richard Gale Rifenburg
Rifenburg
Rifenburg
Rifenburg
Rifenburg


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 sports in Saginaw County, Michigan. <mask> was named All State in football, basketball and track. It is ironic that <mask> was born in Petoskey, Michigan in 1926 for several reasons. Ted Petoskey preceded <mask> as an All-American end on the University of Michigan football team. Petoskey had excelled as a representative of Saginaw County in MHSAA competition. Petoskey posted significant football accomplishments in 1926 making 1926 a significant year for himself as well.Achieving All-American status as an end at Michigan would be <mask>'s next step after excelling in MHSAA competition. College
In the fall of 1944, <mask> enrolled at the University of Michigan. The United Press syndicate ran a feature article about <mask> in September 1944 that opened as follows: "Another great end has made his appearance on the Big Ten football horizon in the person of <mask>, 18-year-old Michigan freshman. Every so often a great offensive end comes along, a player who has to learn how to play defense, but who has the natural speed, smooth actions, height and big hands that is the mark of an outstanding pass receiver. <mask> has laid claim to that rating. A loose-limbed 180-pound freshman from Saginaw, Mich., Rifenberg is being boomed as the Big Ten's next 'freshman sensation.'" As a freshman, he caught two touchdown passes in his first college football game against Iowa.In an article titled "Teens and TNT," Time reported on <mask>'s performance: "Of the few teams already in action, Michigan's teens rang the freshman bell loudest last week by winning their opener, 12 -to-7, against the strong Iowa Seahawks (Naval Pre-Flight); 6-ft. 4 Freshman End <mask> caught passes and ran for both Michigan touchdowns." <mask>'s college career was interrupted by World War II service in the United States Navy, but after missing the 1945 season, he returned to play for the Wolverines from 1946 to 1948. <mask> played for the Wolverines in consecutive undefeated National Championship seasons in 1947 and 1948. He started nine games for the 1947 team. The 1947 team referred to as "Michigan's Mad Magicians" is considered to be

masks:
Rifenburg
Rifenburg
Rifenburg
Rifenburg
Rifenburg
Rifenburg
Dick Rifenburg
Rifenburg
Rifenburg
Dick Rifenburg
Rifenburg
Rifenburg


texts: the greatest University of Michigan football team of all time. Rifenberg and teammate Len Ford had the reputation as the team practical jokers. During the 1947 game against Wisconsin, <mask> started calling signals for the Badgers.Wisconsin's offense protested to officials, who "prowled the Wolverines secondary but never caught their man." <mask> continued to scramble Badger signals, as <mask>'s teammates laughed at his scheme. In the January 1, 1948 Rose Bowl that season, Michigan rolled to a 49–0 victory over USC, and they outgained the Trojans 491 yards to 133. <mask> caught a 29-yard pass for the game's final score. In the 1948 championship season, <mask> scored eight touchdowns, caught 22 passes, and gained 610 yards (508 receiving and 102 rushing). <mask> was the second highest scoring end in the nation in 1948, and he was a consensus All-American as a senior, being selected as first team on nine of the 11 All-American teams. <mask> led the Big Ten in receptions.Although <mask> finished fourth among midwestern Heisman voters in 1948, he did not finish among the top eight. By comparison, Notre Dame end Leon Hart won the Heisman Trophy in 1949 but made only eight of the 11 All-American teams. It is not clear why <mask> did not finish higher. However, it is fairly clear that sportswriters of that era had a bias against Michigan. In the Associated Press poll at the end of the 1947 season, the Notre Dame Fighting Irish were ranked ahead of the University of Michigan, though both teams were undefeated. Some noted that every Southern AP voter had voted for Notre Dame, which had yet to integrate, whereas three of Michigan's star players (Bob Mann, Gene Derricotte, and Len Ford) were African-American. The Southern schools refused even to schedule games against schools that played African-American players.<mask> was considered one of the greatest Wolverines of the 1940s. In four seasons with the Michigan Wolverines, <mask> played in 32 games and had over 1,000 yards of total offense. <mask> held the University of Michigan's single season and career record for touchdown receptions (eight in a

masks: Rifenburg Rifenburg Rifenburg Rifenburg Rifenburg Rifenburg Rifenburg Rifenburg Rifenburg Rifenburg Rifenburg Rifenburg


texts:
 season; sixteen career) until his records were broken by Anthony Carter in 1980. Professional career
In 1948, <mask> was drafted by the Philadelphia Eagles in the 15th round of the NFL draft, and he was also drafted by the New York Yankees of the All-America Football Conference. He had intended to play in 1949 with the Yankees, but suffered a knee injury in a practice session for the August 1949 Chicago College All-Star Game. Press accounts at the time noted that the injury "will probably keep him out of pro football all season, if not forever." The incident led to a debate as to whether NFL owners should "bar their men from playing with the college all-stars."<mask> landed a job at WJR radio in Detroit, but he left his sportscaster's job to join the Detroit Lions. In the 1950 NFL season, <mask> came back from his injury to play for the Detroit Lions. He played in 12 games and had ten receptions for 96 yards and one touchdown for the 1950 Lions. <mask> recalled that his playing time with the Lions was limited because the Lions also signed 1949 Heisman Trophy winner Leon Hart, who played the same position. In May 1951, he announced he was retiring from professional football to become sports director at a radio station in Buffalo. He was hired as a sportscaster by WBEN (now known as WIVB), which had just started the first television station in Buffalo and the only one serving Southern Ontario. This was an early foray into television by the Buffalo Evening News.In the 1950s, <mask> hosted a popular panel show called "Let's Talk Sports" in Buffalo and also pioneered an early morning exercise program. He also worked for WBEN (AM) and WBEN (FM) and as the sideline announcer for Buffalo Bills games along with Van Miller, the long time Bills play-by-play announcer. In addition, he served as the play-by-play announcer for the University of Buffalo Bulls football team. As a radio broadcaster, he is remembered for things ranging from ski reports, to 17 years worth of "Breakfast At —" programs live from various local restaurants, to 27 years as the WBEN-AM All Night Show host. After 30 years with WBEN

masks: Rifenburg Rifenburg Rifenburg Rifenburg Rifenburg


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 and a change in ownership for the station, his show was replaced with the Mutual Network's The Larry King Show. In the 1980s, <mask> taught communications at Buffalo's Medaille College and served as a disc jockey on Public Broadcasting's radio station WEBR (now WDCZ). He also sold ads for Buffalo Evening News competitor, Buffalo Courier-Express.<mask>'s final employer was Erie County, who hired him as an inmate training supervisor at the Erie County Correctional Facility. <mask> was posthumously inducted into the Buffalo Broadcasters Hall of Fame in September 2007. He was given the Golden Age Award which is reserved for "those who did it first, the people who had no pattern to follow." The Hall of Fame award was presented to <mask>'s wife, Jane. In her acceptance speech, <mask> observed that despite all of her late husband's achievements, there was one thing he had never received: "He had a great career, but he never had a trophy. And now he has." <mask> lived 37 of his years in Buffalo.His first wife, Ruth Arlene Martini, died in September 1961. His second wife, the former Jane Morris, was the head of the Buffalo Jills cheerleaders when they met. <mask>, who was survived by three sons, (Douglas A., Gary R., and Bruce R.) one daughter (Wendy J. Colf) and two grandchildren, died in Cheektowaga, New York in December 1994; he was 68 years old. Doug was a 1988 first team football All-Western New York linebacker for Clarence High School. See also
 List of Michigan Wolverines football All-Americans
Lists of Michigan Wolverines football receiving leaders

References

External links

 Bentley Historical Library profile

1926 births
1994 deaths
All-American college football players
American Football League announcers
American football ends
Radio personalities from Buffalo, New York
Buffalo Bills announcers
Buffalo Bulls football announcers
Detroit Lions players
Michigan Wolverines football players
Players of American football from Buffalo, New York
Players of American football from Michigan
United States Navy personnel of World War II
National Football League announcers
People from Petoskey,

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Rifenburg
Rifenburg
Rifenburg
Jane Rifenburg
Family Rifenburg
Rifenburg


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<mask> (or Harington) (3 January 1611 – 11 September 1677) was an English political theorist of classical republicanism. He is best known for his controversial publication The Commonwealth of Oceana (1656). This work was an exposition of an ideal constitution, a utopia, designed to facilitate the development of the English republic established after the regicide, the execution of Charles I in 1649. Early life

<mask> was born in 1611 in Upton, Northamptonshire, the eldest son of Sir Sapcote(s<mask> of Rand, Lincolnshire who died in 1630, and his first wife Jane Samwell of Upton, daughter of Sir William Samwell. <mask> was the great-nephew of John Harington, 1st Baron Harington of Exton, who died in 1613. He was for a time a resident, with his father, in the manor house at Milton Malsor, Northamptonshire, which had been bequeathed by Sir William Samwell to his daughter following her marriage. A blue plaque on Milton Malsor Manor marks this.Holy Cross Church in Milton Malsor contains a monument on the south wall of the chancel  to <mask>'s mother, Dame <mask>. According to the memorial, she died on 30 March 1619, when <mask> was 7 or 8 years old. The memorial reads, in modern English but punctuated as in the original:
"Here under lies the body of Dame Jane, daughter of Sir William Samwell Knight, & late wife to Sir Sapcotes Harington of Milton Knight, by whom he had issue 2 sons & 3 daughters, viz <mask>, William, Jane, Anne & Elizabeth. Which Lady died March 30, 1619". When his father

masks:
James Harrington
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James Harrington
Harrington
Jane Harrington
James
James


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 died in June 1630, <mask> commissioned a second monument, which can still be seen in the Church of St Oswald at Rand in Lincolnshire. It depicts Sapcotes and his first wife Jane together with their five children. Childhood and education

Knowledge of <mask>'s childhood and early education is thin, though he clearly spent time both in Milton Malsor and at the family manor in Rand.In 1629 he entered Trinity College, Oxford as a gentleman commoner and left two years later with no degree. His eighteenth-century biographer, John Toland, says that while there one of his tutors was the royalist High Churchman William Chillingworth, which may have been the case before the latter left for the Catholic seminary in Douai in 1630. On 27 October 1631 <mask> entered the Middle Temple. Youth

By this time, <mask>'s father had died, and his inheritance helped pay his way through several years of continental travel. There is some suggestion that he enlisted in a Dutch militia regiment (apparently seeing no service), before touring the Netherlands, Denmark, Germany, France, Switzerland and Italy. He was in Geneva with <mask> in the summer of 1635 and subsequently travelled to Rome. In the light of this, Toland's reference to his visiting the Vatican, where he "refused to kiss the Pope's foot", probably refers to early 1636; meanwhile his visit to Venice helped bolster his knowledge of, and enthusiasm for, the Italian republics.The following decade, including his comings and goings during the Civil Wars,

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James
Harrington
Harrington
Harrington
James Zouche