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 and permission to operate in Nuevo León should Fernández win the election. Fernández said he did not accept the money. Downfall
On 22 September 2000, the Gulf Cartel carried out an armed attack against <mask> in Miguel Alemán. He was injured in the attack but his chauffeur Héctor Arias was wounded. The attack was presumed to be carried out on García Mena's orders. Five days later, six gunmen were arrested in Ciudad Camargo, Tamaulipas, following an anonymous tip provided to the Tamaulipas State Police. In their confession to the police, the gunmen said they were hired by <mask> and were from the Sinaloan cities of Culiacán and Guamúchil.They also said they were stationed in Nuevo León and ordered to make incursions into Tamaulipas. This alarmed the police of the presence of organized crime members from other turfs outside Tamaulipas. On 27 November 2000, the Miguel Alemán Rural Police chief Pablo Gaytán Mejía was murdered by four gunmen, presumably on <mask>'s orders. Gaytán Mejía was reportedly a close friend of García Mena and helped facilitate his drug operations. After the attack, García Mena's henchmen killed the four gunmen. Fearing for his life, <mask> fled Miguel Alemán and settled in Monterrey. His family fled the area after learning about his issues with García Mena.<mask>'s estate was abandoned but he continued to visit the city discreetly. On 9 April 2001, the Mexican Army arrested García Mena after a week-long manhunt in Guardados de Abajo, Camargo. The Gulf Cartel suspected <mask> plotted against him by informing Mexican authorities of his whereabouts. They also believed the way security forces raided several properties containing drugs and the house where García Mena was hiding was unusually specific, which led them to believe <mask> had betrayed them. The Gulf Cartel thus carried out a search to kill  <mask> and other aligned with his faction. To increase law enforcement and media attention against <mask> and several of his accomplices, Cárdenas Guillén's lawyer Juan Jesús Guerrero Chapa leaked a false rumor that <mask> was part of a

masks:
López Salinas
López Salinas
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón


type: original

texts:
 new Nuevo León-based criminal group known as the Monterrey Cartel (Spanish: Cártel de Monterrey) to the national press in mid-2001. This media strategy was also employed to help ease the increasing law enforcement pressure the Gulf Cartel was experiencing in Tamaulipas following the arrest of García Mena and to help refocus their efforts against Cárdenas Guillén's turf competitors.Federal and state officials later stated that the Monterrey Cartel did not exist. Assassination attempt
On 13 May 2001, <mask> attended a Vicente Fernández music concert inside a cockpit arena in Guadalupe, Nuevo León. At around 4:00 am, approximately fourteen gunmen from the Gulf Cartel's former paramilitary group Los Zetas stormed the arena searching for him. Authorities confirmed that the gunmen were carrying AK-47s and .38 calibre firearms, identified themselves as members of the army, and ordered people to stay on the ground. The gunmen entered the arena and fired their guns into the air to create confusion among the attendees and force <mask> to flee outside, where the gunmen planned to kill him. Surveillance videos captured <mask> in the front seats of the event sitting next to a blond woman. He was able to leave before the gunmen entered the arena after his bodyguards alerted him of the presence of armed men outside.<mask> had at least twenty bodyguards posted inside and outside the arena. He left the premises escorted by his gunmen and by merging  with the crowd of concert attendees. He did not suffer any injuries. Outside the premises, Los Zetas shot at multiple vehicles and injured a bystander but they failed to kill their intended target. Authorities initially suspected García Mena ordered the attack as retaliation for <mask>'s alleged involvement in his arrest. Other authorities suspected Cárdenas Guillén ordered the attack because he saw <mask> as a threat to his hegemony and wanted to eliminate the competition on his turf. Investigators stated the Gulf Cartel was tracking <mask>'s whereabouts in Nuevo León and were reportedly close to killing him at his home

masks:
López Falcon
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón


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 in Monterrey days prior.Upon discovering that <mask> was planning to attend the event that night, the Gulf Cartel mounted an operation against him. Prior to the attack, <mask> was a relatively unknown crime boss outside his area of influence. Los Zetas was also a newly formed group within the Gulf Cartel and was not well known outside Tamaulipas. The attack catapulted to fame both Los Zetas and <mask> to national attention. Among politicians, the incident raised worries about the presence of drug lords in Nuevo León and the alleged existence of the Monterrey Cartel. On 3 June 2001, a picture of <mask> sitting in the arena's seats was published by the Monterrey-based newspaper El Norte. A few days later, an anonymous citizen issued a memo to the PGR and El Norte with pictures of <mask> accusing <mask> of being in public places in Miguel Alemán with armed men and that local authorities did nothing to stop him.Authorities suspect this memo was submitted by his rivals. Later that month, the PGR and Nuevo León authorities confirmed <mask> did not have a pending arrest warrant or a formal indictment at a federal and state level. Both levels of government agreed to work together to formally start an investigation against <mask>'s alleged criminal activities. PGR investigator Mario Roldán Quirino opened an investigation against him. Roldán Quirino, however, was murdered on 21 February 2002. Aftermath and manhunt
Following the assassination attempt, authorities increased their efforts to arrest <mask>, one of the most-wanted criminals in northern Mexico. On 5 June 2001, the Mexican Army carried out a secret operation in Mier, Miguel Alemán, and Camargo to arrest <mask> and suspected Gulf Cartel trafficker Alesio García Peña ("El Huarachón").They raided multiple properties, including two houses in Mier tied to García Peña, a ranch owned by García Mena, and a property in Camargo, where they seized  of marijuana. The Army also set up a checkpoint in front of <mask>'s estate but did not raid it. The PGR confirmed the drugs were not linked to the traffickers for

masks:
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón


texts: whom they were searching and one person was arrested in the operation. The operation lasted less than a day; the federal troops returned to their barracks before midnight. Local authorities supported the measures carried out by the Army and the PGR, and stated that they expected more secret operations to be carried out in the area in light of the growing presence of organized crime activity in northern Mexico. On 4 August 2001, a shootout between <mask>'s and <mask>' gunmen broke out outside a cockfighting arena in Reynosa. According to police reports, the gunmen got into a verbal dispute at the parking lot of the arena after the Bobby Pulido music concert ended.Three people were injured in the attack. Authorities drew similarities with the shootout in Nuevo León months prior in which <mask> was targeted. On 30 October 2001, approximately fourteen gunmen stormed an estate in Monterrey to kill Peña Cuéllar. One person was killed and two others were injured but Peña Cuéllar was not present when the incident occurred. According to police reports, the attack may have been ordered by <mask> as vengeance after he discovered Peña Cuéllar had started the rumor that <mask> was responsible for García Mena arrest. Security forces suspected that by framing <mask>, Peña Cuéllar wanted to earn a high-ranking position within Cárdenas Guillén's chain of command. García Mena had originally framed <mask> as his informant and blamed him for his capture.On 20 November 2001, <mask>'s bodyguard Juan Martínez Torres ("El Banano") was kidnapped in Miguel Alemán. A few days later, <mask>'s lead accountant Jaime Barrera Peña was also kidnapped; police suspected they were probably kidnapped by Cárdenas Guillén's faction. On 28 November 2001, eighteen gunmen broke into an estate owned by Raymundo Garza Garza , a suspected Gulf Cartel member, in Cadereyta. The gunmen killed one of the property guards and injured two children. The PGR and the Mexican Army raided the property a few days later in search of <mask>, and continued their searches in Monterrey to arrest him and several

masks:
López Falcón
López Salinas
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón


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 of his associates, including Mario Ramírez ("La Gata") and René García Solís ("La Pata de Garra"), Raymundo's sibling. The attack was reportedly carried out on <mask>'s orders because René was linked to Peña Cuéllar. The gunmen mistook Raymundo's estate for René's.On 13 May 2002, the Gulf Cartel kidnapped <mask>'s associate García Sánchez in Monterrey; he was tortured and killed, and his corpse was abandoned in Nuevo Progreso, Tamaulipas, a few days later. Killings and attacks between the Gulf Cartel and <mask>'s faction continued in Nuevo León through the rest of the year. The escalating dispute between both groups led to additional military deployments of the Mexican Armed Forces in Tamaulipas and Nuevo León. Closing in on <mask>
In late 2002, authorities seized multiple drug shipments reportedly owned by <mask>'s group. On 9 October 2002, former Tamaulipas State Police chief Carlos González Pamatz was arrested in Houston with  of cocaine from <mask>'s group. The following day, federal policemen stationed in China, Nuevo León, arrested suspected drug traffickers Jorge Calzada García and Patricia Rodríguez Madrigal, who were in possession of  of cocaine in a vehicle. In their police confession, Calzada García said he was hired by a man named Evelio or <mask>, who went by the alias El Yeyo.He said he did not recall this man's last name. Policemen suspected he was referring to <mask>. Calzada García was paid US$4,000 to transport the drugs; he said he was told to collect the vehicle filled with drugs at a shopping center in San Pedro Garza García and drive it to Reynosa, where he initially brokered the deal and received the vehicle's keys from El Yeyo. Rodríguez Madrigal said she was not aware of the drug deal. The couple was driving a Peugeot that was bought in the state of Jalisco but had Tamaulipas license plates. Investigators began investigating a drug link between Monterrey, Reynosa, and Guadalajara. While facing a judge, however, Calzada García retracted his statement and said he did not recall the exact name of the man who hired him.He said

masks:
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
Edelio
López Falcón


texts:
 the man's name was <mask> Ramírez or Rodríguez, that his nickname was La Yeya, and that he lived in McAllen, Texas. This was the second largest drug seizure in Nuevo León in 2002 and showed the PGR López Falcón was likely operating in Monterrey and trying to take over the turf from Cárdenas Guillén. Reynosa was generally considered a turf controlled by Cárdenas Guillén. On 14 March 2003, the Mexican Army arrested Cárdenas Guillén in Matamoros. Prior to his capture, the Gulf Cartel experienced several major blows from law enforcement crackdowns, including the arrests of some of Cárdenas Guillén's lieutenants such as García Mena, Adán Medrano Rodríguez, Rubén Sauceda Rivera, and José Manuel Garza Rendón. Authorities believed Cárdenas Guillén's possible successors were Peña Cuéllar, Víctor Manuel Vázquez Mireles, Gregorio Sauceda Gamboa, and Jorge Eduardo Costilla Sánchez. They reiterated that one of the major targets was <mask>, who they regarded as one of the top-three Gulf Cartel leaders in the past two years.They said unlike other gangs like Los Chachos, <mask> had the operational capacity to confront the Gulf Cartel. The Army and the PGR thus refocused their efforts to apprehend him; they feared he had become one of the leading drug lords in northern Mexico and south Texas. They also suspected he no longer lived in Tamaulipas and had relocated to Nuevo León, where he reportedly owned several money laundering fronts. Death
On 6 May 2003, two gunmen murdered <mask> in a restaurant in Guadalajara, Jalisco. The gunmen sat at a table close to <mask>, who was having breakfast with horse breeder Óscar Alejandro Coker Preciado and an unidentified woman. <mask> finished his food and chatted for over an hour afterwards. When he ordered the check, the gunmen stood up and began walking towards the restroom.On their way, they passed next to the table where <mask> was sitting and shot him from behind. Investigators confirmed <mask> was shot three times in the head at point-blank range and died at the scene. According to investigators, <mask> arrived at the

masks:
Edelio
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcon
López Falcón


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 restaurant after being dropped off by someone else. He had no bodyguards with him. Authorities requested the closure of the restaurant until further notice so evidence from the crime scene could be gathered. <mask> was at the restaurant discussing the purchase of a pure-bred horse, which he wanted to take to one of his ranches in Texas. Coker Preciado and <mask> had previously met in Texas and Monterrey.Coker Preciado was unharmed in the attack but suffered a nervous breakdown and was attended to by emergency staff when they arrived at the scene. The other person who was eating with them left moments before the murder. A police officer guarding a nearby bank heard the gunshots; he thought a bank robbery was underway and called for reinforcements. The Guadalajara Municipal Police were the first to arrive at the scene; they discovered <mask>'s body sitting next to his table. When he died, <mask> had with him four cellphones, a push-to-talk device, US$1,260 and MXN$6,200 in cash, several credit cards, his Texas driver's license, a Rolex watch, a gold ring and necklace, and a business card from a McAllen-based construction company. Investigation
When news of the murder was made public, it was not known that the victim was <mask> and/or a suspected crime boss. Preliminary reports described the victim as a businessman from Monterrey; rumors the businessman was a crime boss, likely <mask> himself, began circulating.Mexican authorities doubted the victim was <mask> because they thought it was unusual that he was in Guadalajara, which was far from his center of operations. Investigators had information that he was hiding in McAllen. <mask>'s identity card named him by his alternate first name Adelio. Jalisco authorities suspected the victim was probably <mask> and federal authorities did not discard this possibility. His identity was confirmed by the Jalisco authorities on 8 May after they cross-referenced his identity cards with information federal authorities had on file. Jalisco authorities confirmed that <mask> had no pending criminal charges in Jalisco

masks:
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón


texts: but said he was suspected of being involved in drug trafficking in Tamaulipas and Nuevo León. The same day, Jalisco's attorney general Gerardo Octavio Solís Gómez confirmed the PGR was taking over the case and placing it under federal jurisdiction; the case would be headed by the Specialized Unit Against Organized Crime (UEDO), one of the PGR's former branches.State officials requested the PGR's assistance on the case because of <mask>'s criminal profile and his alleged involvement in drug trafficking, a crime that falls under federal jurisdiction. The UEDO said the investigation would also include the charges of illegal possession of military-exclusive firearms and organized crime involvement against the suspects. They were expecting Jalisco authorities to open a separate homicide case under state jurisdiction. Federal authorities asked state officials to withhold information about the case from the public and recommended secrecy in the investigation. The federal government dispatched troops from the Federal Investigation Agency (AFI) and the PGR to Guadalajara. They were planning to increase security in Jalisco and Nuevo León to prevent a violent response from organized crime groups. <mask> was the suspected successor to <mask>; authorities believed a turf war between his faction and those aligned with Cárdenas Guillén was a possible aftermath.The UEDO also took Coker Preciado to Mexico City for questioning. Coker Preciado confirmed to investigators that there were two gunmen in the attack and that they escaped the crime scene in a white vehicle. Eyewitnesses said <mask>'s killers were dressed in white and walked away from the scene after killing him but most were unable to provide investigators with physical descriptions of them. The policeman at the bank said he saw the gunmen; he was the only person who provided the PGR with this information. Some eyewitnesses said a woman arrived at the restaurant moments after the murder to inspect the scene but investigators could not link her with <mask>. At the scene, investigators discovered two .45 pistol

masks:
López Falcón
López Salinas
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón


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 bullet casings. According to the PGR and SEDENA, their main line of investigation was that <mask>n's orders.They suspected Jesús Enrique Rejón Aguilar ("El Mamito"), Heriberto Lazcano Lazcano ("El Lazca"), Luis Alberto Guerrero Reyes ("El Guerrero"), and/or Óscar Guerrero Silva ("El Winniepooh") may have participated in the murder. Before joining organized crime, these men were members of the Mexican Army's Special Forces Airmobile Group (GAFE) and were hired by Cárdenas Guillén as part of his security circle. Another line of investigation suggested <mask> may have been killed by a gambling group within the horse-racing or cockfighting industries; he was known for gambling millions on these sports and the police believed the method the gunmen used to kill <mask> was one not usually used by Tamaulipas-based criminal groups. The police did not discard the possibility <mask> may have been betrayed and killed on orders of the Milenio Cartel's leadership circle, or by members of Los Texas, a Nuevo Laredo-based gang that was a rival to both <mask>ón and the Gulf Cartel. Body handling and funeral
<mask>'s corpse was first kept at the Forensic Medical Service in Jalisco, where authorities expected his family members to reclaim it. They wanted to interview his relatives about the case. On 8 May, a man who identified himself as <mask>'s nephew telephoned the morgue asking how to reclaim the body but he did not arrive in person.Another man called the morgue asking for similar details; he grew angry at staff and told them he would forcibly take the body if they did not give it to him. This incident alarmed authorities, and forced them to guard the morgue and <mask>'s body using security forces from Guadalajara metropolitan area, the Jalisco State Police, the PGR, and AFI, until further notice. On 9 May, <mask>'s sister traveled from Roma, Texas, to Guadalajara to confirm the identity of the corpse. She was accompanied by her two attorneys to start the body reclamation process. The UEDO interviewed his sister before meeting with the Jalisco Institute of Forensic

masks:
López Falcónlé
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
Lópezalc
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón


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 Sciences, who gathered her blood samples and conducted DNA tests on the body. The test results were expected to be ready in one or two weeks, and Jalisco authorities stated that the corpse would not be given to relatives until their family link was confirmed. The PGR were responsible for setting the date when the body would be given to <mask>'s family.After the DNA tests, his sister returned to Texas and awaited the notification from Mexican authorities. The police thought his family would hold a wake in Miguel Alemán or Mexico City, and that <mask> would be buried in Guardados de Arriba, a rural community in Miguel Alemán where his wife, who died in the 1990s, was buried. On 11 May, the Secretariat of Health approved <mask>'s transfer; his corpse was flown from Miguel Hidalgo International Airport in Guadalajara to General Lucio Blanco International Airport in Reynosa. The body was then transported to the U.S. and sent to a funeral home in Rio Grande City, Texas, where it was prepared for burial. At Roma–Ciudad Miguel Alemán International Bridge, the Mexican Army set up a checkpoint to search for suspicious vehicles and individuals with drugs or weapons. They questioned drivers about their destination and purpose of their travel, and were wary of vehicles with license plates other than Tamaulipas' and of luxurious vehicles. A wake and mass were held on 12 May; his sister said <mask> would be buried in Roma on 14 May.At the morgue and funeral, his family asked the local police to control attendees' access; visitors were eventually allowed to visit <mask>'s services but the police did not allow the media to access the area. Multiple corrido and mariachi songs were composed for <mask> and played during his funeral. See also
List of unsolved murders
Mexican Drug War

Footnotes

References

Bibliography

Further reading

1965 births
2003 deaths
Gulf Cartel members
Male murder victims
Mexican money launderers
Mexican racehorse owners and breeders
People from Houston
People from Monterrey
People from Miguel Alemán, Tamaulipas
People murdered in

masks:
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón
López Falcón


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<mask> (March 21, 1903 – October 3, 1984) was a judge in British Columbia's Supreme Court and Court of Appeal from 1963 until 1978, a prominent Italian-Canadian leader, especially of the Vancouver Italian community, and a Canadian amateur middleweight boxing champion. Early life
<mask> was born in what is now a ghost town on Mount Sicker on Vancouver Island to Italian immigrant parents. <mask>'s father, Filippo, was a miner before joining the Klondike Gold Rush and becoming one of its few success stories after returning with $10,000 ($ in  dollars). The family eventually settled in Vancouver's East End, where <mask> attended school at Lord Strathcona Elementary and Britannia Secondary schools. Early career
<mask> began practicing law in 1926, and opened his law office on the second story of the Royal Bank building at Main and Hastings Streets. Many of his early cases were defending local bootleggers and he earned a reputation as "A dear friend of the little guy" for his willingness to provide his services pro bono, particularly during the lean depression years. <mask> soon earned a reputation as one of the most formidable defense lawyers in the province, attracting a rich and powerful clientele in addition to the downtrodden in his old neighbourhood.Throughout his career, he defended 63 people charged with murder and only four of those were convicted. Career highlights
In 1938, Branca became the youngest prosecutor in the province. His first case was to prosecute unemployed rioters who, after being brutally ejected from a sitdown strike at the post office paraded east down Hastings Street, smashing windows along the way. The brutality of the RCMP in its treatment of the downtrodden protesters provoked a major public outcry. The next day, ten thousand people turned out to a

masks:
Angelo Branca
Angelo Branca
Branca
Angelo
Branca
Branca


texts:
 protest at the Powell Street Grounds (today's Oppenheimer Park). Because there was little chance of a jury of peers convicting the rioters, Branca convinced the Attorney-General to stay most of the charges, and of the 23 charged, only two were convicted but received only small fines that were paid by sympathizers. Other notorious local cases Branca worked included the defense of 17 Vancouver Police officers that were purged from the force in 1935 by the reform administration of Mayor Gerry McGeer.Almost all of them were reinstated and exonerated thanks to Branca's efforts. Also in 1935, <mask> defended Vancouver's "Public Enemy number one," local brothel keeper and bootlegger, Joe Celona. During the Second World War, <mask> came to the defense of Italians who had been interned as a threat to national security. <mask> was also a lead attorney in prosecuting the "Mulligan Affair" in 1955, in which the police chief was found to have established an elaborate "pay off" system with segments of the criminal underworld. Later life
<mask> was appointed to the bench of the Supreme Court of British Columbia in 1963, and elevated to the bench of the Court of Appeal of British Columbia in 1966 where he served until his retirement in 1978. A statue of Christopher Columbus was erected in 1986 on Clark Drive at the Piazza Italia. It was dedicated to <mask> for his leadership in the local Italian community and was donated by the Italian City of Genoa.In 2000, the monument mysteriously disappeared, apparently stolen, only to later reappear at the Italian Garden at Hastings Park. The likely reason for the guerrilla relocation is that the original Clark Drive site, to the dismay of the Italian community, became a busy thoroughfare for transport trucks and hence unfriendly to pedestrian traffic.

masks: Branca Branca Branca Branca Branca


texts:
 Awards
<mask> was a zealous participant, not an observer, in all facets of his life. The determination, lucidity and sheer power of this outstanding Italian Canadian was evident from an early age and throughout his life, in spite of great odds and the awful barrier of discrimination. <mask> was admitted as a lawyer to the BC bar in 1926 and was appointed Kings Counsel in 1949. These  were the first steps of a long road that brought him to the pinnacle of his profession. <mask> was appointed to the BC Supreme Court in 1963 and then elevated to the BC Court of Appeal in 1966.<mask> mandatorily retired at the age of 75 and returned to the practice of law. Between 1929 and 1963 <mask> defended some 63 men charged with murder, he won acquittals for all but three. He prosecuted 7 murder trials. The Canadian Lawyer magazine rated <mask> as the most famous criminal defense lawyer in Canada's history. <mask> received an Honorary Doctor of Laws degree from St. Martin's college in Olympia Washington in 1973. In addition, <mask> was the recipient again of an Honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Simon Fraser University in 1975. Branca received the Abraham Lincoln International Reverence of Law award from the Fraternal Order of Eagles, St. Louis Missouri, in 1977.He was the 11th recipient of this award in its history, first awarded to President Truman, and later to Chief Justice of the United States, Earl Warren. <mask> was the first Canadian recipient. <mask> excelled in the boxing ring just as he did in the law courts. He was always physically fit which assisted him in his mental acuity. He ran 5 miles a day around McLean park before running was "in." He had a boxing bag mounted in his home in his basement and work out daily. <mask>’s boxing career was brief but as in everything he

masks: Branca Branca Branca Branca Branca Branca Branca Branca Branca Branca Branca


texts:
 undertook, he excelled in it.To quote Mr. <mask>: "I beat everyone I fought against in the ring by the fifth round." <mask> went on to win the middleweight championship of Canada in 1934. On winning this championship, <mask> was asked to become a professional fighter but at the age of 31, he made the decision to devote all his time and expertise to the law. Following this time of competition, <mask> taught boys at the Vancouver College to box and was a mentor to them for many years. In 1967, <mask> invited former heavyweight champion of the world, Rocky Marciano to come to Vancouver to referee amateur in Vancouver to a great fanfare. Branca's philanthropic involvement was legendary. In 1966, <mask> was a prime mover in the amalgamation of four of the oldest Italian Canadian societies in the City of Vancouver into one society bearing the name, Confratellanza Italo Canadese.<mask> was Co-Chairman of the Pacific region of the Canadian Council of Christians and Jews. <mask> was chairman of the Finance committee of Camp Miriam and dedicated his time to raising funds for children unable to pay for camp fees. <mask> was invested as a Knight of St. Gregory the Great by Pope Paul VI in 1977. <mask> was the second Canadian recipient of the Yeshiva University award from Yeshiva University in New York in 1969. <mask> was the recipient of an Honorary fellowship from the University of Bar-Llam, Tel Aviv, Israel in 1976. <mask> was also the recipient of the medal of the President of Israel in 1976, at the time, the only other Canadian recipient of this award was the Prime Minister John Diefenbaker. References

People from Vancouver Island
1903 births
Lawyers in British Columbia
Judges in British Columbia
Canadian people of Italian descent
1984 deaths
Knights of St. Gregory the

masks: Branca Branca Branca Branca Branca Branca Branca Branca Branca Branca Branca Branca


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<mask> (born July 1978) is an American politician, economist, and professor serving as a member of the San Diego County Board of Supervisors since 2021. A member of the Democratic Party, Lawson-Remer previously worked as a professor at The New School and the University of California, San Diego, and as a senior advisor in the U.S. Treasury Department. Born in San Diego, Lawson-Remer grew up in the Mission Hills neighborhood and attended La Jolla High School. Lawson-Remer graduated from Yale University with a bachelor's degree in ethics, politics, and economics in 2000, later attending New York University, where she received a Juris Doctor and Doctor of Philosophy. After her education, Lawson-Remer worked for the World Bank and the U.S. Treasury Department during the Barack Obama administration. She then became a professor at The New School and the University of California, San Diego, teaching public policy. In 2020, Lawson-Remer campaigned to become a supervisor in the San Diego County Board of Supervisors, successfully defeating the Republican incumbent Kristin Gaspar.By winning the supervisory seat, Lawson-Remer shifted control of the Board of Supervisors toward the Democrats for the first time in a generation. Early life
<mask> Lawson-Remer was born in July 1978 in San Diego, California. Her father, Larry Remer, was born in Montclair, New Jersey, to a Jewish family and worked as an investigative journalist who would become a political consultant later in his career. Lawson-Remer's mother, Shari Lawson, worked as a lawyer. Her parents met each other while organizing protests in opposition to the Vietnam War and eventually married in July 1977 with Earl Ben Gilliam, a San Diego County Superior Court judge, officiating their marriage. Lawson-Remer's paternal grandparents were Herbert and Beverly Remer. Herbert owned a company that imported goods mostly from Switzerland and Scandinavia and

masks:
Terra Eve Lawson Remer
Terra Eve


texts:
 served in the Pacific Ocean theater of World War II as part of the United States Navy.Meanwhile, Beverly was a schoolteacher in the Bronx who worked toward desegregating the city's schools. Lawson-Remer's maternal grandfather, Frank Lawson, served in the United States Marine Corps and was stationed at Camp Pendleton and killed in action during the Korean War in 1950. Lawson-Remer has a sister named Alexa. Lawson-Remer grew up in Mission Hills and graduated from La Jolla High School in 1996. In 2000, Lawson-Remer graduated from Yale University with a bachelor's degree in ethics, politics, and economics. She later attended New York University, where she received a Juris Doctor in 2006 and a Doctor of Philosophy in political economy in 2010. Early career and activism

While president of her high school class in 1994, Lawson-Remer participated in a student walkout in opposition to Proposition 187, a ballot measure related to illegal immigration in California.Her involvement in the walkout prompted the school administrators to strip Lawson-Remer of her class presidency. In 1999, Lawson-Remer protested against a World Trade Organization meeting in Seattle, resulting in police arresting her. Lawson-Remer was one of nearly 14,000 law students in 2003 who submitted an amicus curiae in Grutter v. Bollinger, voicing support for affirmative action in college admissions. On August 26, 2004, Lawson-Remer participated in Operation Sybil, a New York protest against the upcoming Republican National Convention, rappelling the Plaza Hotel to place a sign in opposition to president George W. Bush. New York police arrested her and several other co-organizers, charging them with felony and misdemeanor charges of assault, reckless endangerment, and criminal trespass. Lawson-Remer said Bush and vice president Dick Cheney were "taking [the country] in the wrong direction" and accused them of deception on the Iraq


texts:
 War, healthcare, and the economy. Lawson-Remer worked for Amnesty International, PlaNet Finance on behalf of the World Bank, and as a senior advisor in the U.S. Treasury Department during the Barack Obama administration.She also taught public policy as a professor at The New School and the University of California, San Diego. In 2014, Lawson-Remer appeared in an episode of Vice to discuss the effects of the resource curse in Papua New Guinea. Along with fifteen other applicants, Lawson-Remer applied to the Encinitas City Council in 2017, hoping to fill a seat left vacant after Catherine Blakespear became the city's mayor. In 2017–2018, Lawson-Remer was a fellow at Stanford University's Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences and the Berggruen Institute. She led the Flip the 49th campaign to defeat Republican U.S. representative Darrell Issa in California's 49th district in 2018. In 2019, Lawson-Remer received the Grawemeyer Award from the University of Louisville alongside Sakiko Fukuda-Parr and Susan Randolph for their book entitled Fulfilling Social and Economic Rights, which made a "significant contribution to world order" by "inform[ing] domestic and international policies, aid[ing] in the work of non-governmental organizations and provid[ing] a way to evaluate performance in a truly comparative perspective." San Diego County Board of Supervisors

2020 election

On January 28, 2019, Lawson-Remer announced her candidacy in the third district of the San Diego County Board of Supervisors, contending for a seat held by conservative Republican Kristin Gaspar.In June 2019, Lawson-Remer received the endorsement of SEIU Local 221, the largest labor union in San Diego County. Escondido Mayor Paul McNamara withdrew his endorsement of Escondido City Councilwoman Olga Diaz, a fellow Democrat, on December 3, 2019, to support Lawson-Remer's campaign. On December 24, 2019, San Diego


texts: County Superior Court Judge Timothy Taylor required Lawson-Remer to revise her title in her ballot description, in which she indicated she was an attorney. However, because the State Bar of California did not license her, Lawson-Remer cannot refer to herself as an attorney without indicating the state where she has a license, which was New York in her case. Democratic U.S. representative Juan Vargas, a friend of Lawson-Remer's father, endorsed her campaign to become a county supervisor in January 2020. In the March 2020 primary election, Lawson-Remer defeated Diaz to move on to the general election against Gaspar. After the election, San Diego Association of Governments executive director Hasan Ikhrata made the highest possible campaign donation to Lawson-Remer.Between February 16 through June 30, 2020, Lawson-Remer received more campaign contributions than Gaspar. Several months before the November election, Lawson-Remer received a deluge of endorsements from California Democratic politicians hoping to flip the Republican-held seat, including governor Gavin Newsom, State Senate president pro tempore Toni Atkins, and San Diego county supervisor Nathan Fletcher. In October, Lawson-Remer received the endorsement of The San Diego Union-Tribune editorial board, who endorsed her Republican opponent in 2016. An October 2020 Voice of San Diego poll showed that 42% of likely voters would vote or leaned in favor of voting for Lawson-Remer, as opposed to 31% for Gaspar, whose support for Donald Trump undermined her chances of reelection. On October 12, 2020, Lawson-Remer challenged Gaspar in a KUSI debate, and she went on to defeat her Republican opponent on November 3 to shift the balance of power of the San Diego County Board of Supervisors in favor of the Democrats. Heading into the election, the Republicans held a 4–1 majority in the Board of Supervisors, ending up as a 3–2 Democratic majority


texts:
 afterward, establishing Democratic control for the "first time in at least a generation," according to the Voice of San Diego. Lawson-Remer's victory ensured simultaneous Democratic control of the San Diego mayor's office, the San Diego City Council, and the San Diego County Board of Supervisors.Tenure
After winning the election, Lawson-Remer became a member of the Board of Supervisors after being sworn in on January 4, 2021. The swearing-in ceremony occurred between 10 and 11 a.m., with Lawson-Remer sworn in after Nora Vargas and Joel Anderson. Lawson-Remer recited the oath of office with  state Senator Toni Atkins and Judge M. Margaret McKeown of the United States Court of Appeal for the Ninth Circuit, which was done so virtually due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Political positions

Lawson-Remer supported lifting San Diego County's ban on businesses selling recreational cannabis in unincorporated areas, favoring market regulation instead of prohibitive policy. On climate change, she wanted to put together a plan that involved adopting a Community Choice Aggregation program setting a timeline for 90% clean energy, support for mitigation banking, and other initiatives. Lawson-Remer suggested providing incentives for developers building affordable housing as a means to resolve San Diego's housing crisis. She supported the implementation of smart growth to curb sprawl.Lawson-Remer said that racism in the United States continued to be a problem locally and nationally. She opposed outsourcing the jail medical and mental health services of the San Diego County Sheriff's Department. Lawson-Remer criticized San Diego County's response to the COVID-19 pandemic, seeing the county as unready to handle outbreaks. On the United States' investment in multilateral development banks, Lawson-Remer supported continued investment in these financial institutions on the basis that such investment


texts:
 develops and maintains national security. She argued that the G20 lacked legitimacy as an international actor because of issues surrounding the institution's transparency and accountability, believing that the G20 needed greater involvement of the people whose policies they affect. Personal life
Lawson-Remer resides in Encinitas, California, where she raises her daughter Eeva Kai as a single mother. Lawson-Remer is non-binary and pansexual.Explaining why she became a politician, Lawson-Remer cited Hillary Clinton's loss in the 2016 United States presidential election. Lawson-Remer's sister, Alexa, works as an associate at Sullivan & Cromwell. In 2018, the National LGBT Bar Association named her sister one of the Best LGBT Lawyers Under 40. Electoral history

Publications

References

External links

 Column archives at Foreign Policy and HuffPost

1978 births
21st-century American economists
21st-century American educators
21st-century American lawyers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American politicians
Activists from California
American anti–Iraq War activists
American political activists
Amnesty International people
California Democrats
Candidates in the 2020 United States elections
Economists from California
Jewish American academics
Jewish American activists
Jewish American attorneys
Jewish American economists
Jewish American government officials
Jewish American people in California politics
Jewish American writers
LGBT academics
LGBT lawyers
LGBT people from California
LGBT politicians from the United States
LGBT writers from the United States
Living people
New York University School of Law alumni
Non-binary writers
Obama administration personnel
Politicians from San Diego
San Diego County Board of Supervisors members
The New School faculty
United States Department of the Treasury officials
University of California, San Diego faculty
World Bank people
Yale


texts:
<mask> FRS FRAS
(22 March 1768 – 27 February 1855) developed the first paper making machine and created the world's first commercial canning factory. These were the basis for large industries that continue to flourish today. <mask> was involved with Thomas Telford's Caledonian Canal, Marc and Isambard Brunel's Thames Tunnel, and Charles Babbage's computer. He was an advisor to the government and held in high esteem by his peers. Early life
Raised in Sandhoe, Northumberland, his father was a surveyor and land agent. <mask> initially began work in the same business, and worked from September 1789 to February 1791 as bailiff at Knole House and estate for the Duke of Dorset. Career
While working for the Duke of Dorset, <mask> consulted the engineer John Smeaton, an acquaintance of his father, as to how he could become an engineer.At Smeaton's advice in 1792 he apprenticed himself to John Hall in Dartford, Kent, who had founded the Dartford Iron Works (later J & E Hall) in 1785. Shortly after completing his apprenticeship, he set himself up in Dartford, with the support of John Hall, making moulds for paper works, for at that time all paper making was done by hand. In 1798 he married Mary Brames, daughter of Peter Brames, a neighbouring land owner and market gardener, and a prominent supporter of the Methodist movement. By doing so <mask> became brother in law to John Hall, who had married Mary's elder sister Sarah in 1791. Fourdrinier machine

In 1801–2 Donkin took a prototype of a continuous paper-making machine, and started its transformation into the famous Fourdrinier machine which is the basis of modern paper-making. <mask> took premises at Bermondsey, London in 1802, thus starting the enterprise that became the Bryan Donkin Company, which still continues in business in the early 21st century. In 1804 he succeeded in producing a working machine.A second, improved one, was made

masks:
Bryan Donkin
Bryan Donkin
Donkin
Donkin
Donkin
Donkin


texts:
 the following year and in 1810 eighteen of the complex machines had been erected at various mills. Although the original design was not <mask>'s, he received the credit for having perfected them and brought them into use. His company continued to make such machines, and by 1851 had produced nearly 200 machines for use across the world. Printing machinery
<mask> also worked with printing machinery. In 1813 he and a printer, Richard Mackenzie Bacon of Norwich, obtained a patent for a "Polygonal printing machine"; this used types placed on a rotating square or hexagonal roller or "geometric prism". Ink was applied by a roller which rose and fell with the irregularities of the prism. One of these machines was set up for Cambridge University.It however proved too complicated and suffered from poor inking, which prevented its success. However, it was the first machine to introduce composition ink rollers which were considered better than the existing leather-covered rollers. <mask>'s inking roller quickly became the industry standard. Tinned food
Donkin became interested in canning food in metal containers. John Hall acquired Peter Durand's patent in 1812 for the sum of £1000 and after various experiments, and in association with Hall and Gamble, <mask> set up a canning factory in Bermondsey, the first cannery to use tinned iron containers. By late spring 1813 they were appointing agents on the south coast to sell preserved food to outbound ships. Soon the British Admiralty were placing sizeable orders with the firm of Donkin, Hall and Gamble for meat preserved in tinned iron canisters.The firm of Donkin, Hall and Gamble was later merged into Crosse & Blackwells. The Science Museum, London has an early Donkin tin can. Difference engine
During the 1820s and 1830s, Charles Babbage requested <mask>'s assistance in resolving continuing disputes between Babbage and Joseph Clement who had

masks: Donkin Donkin Donkin Donkin Donkin


texts:
 been commissioned by Babbage to manufacture the difference engine. This included investigating the ownership of intellectual property, tooling and piece-parts of the difference engine. <mask> retired from an active role in the business in 1846 at the age of 78. His sons John, <mask> and Thomas continued the business. In 1857 the British government authorised the sum of £1200  (2015: £) for a full-scale difference engine with attached printing apparatus based on the design of Per Georg Scheutz and his son Edvard to be constructed by <mask>'s company, which had acquired a reputation for building machines for the colour printing of banknotes and stamps.Costs overran and the company delivered the machine in July 1859, several weeks past the deadline, incurring a loss of £615. Despite the engine's printing unit working badly, the Royal Society and the Astronomer Royal were generally positive when they inspected it on 30 August 1859, expressing their satisfaction at its construction. <mask> was unhappy that he had lost so much money on the project, which he attributed to the engine's unexpected intricacy and the fact that he had very little to base his original cost estimate on, Edvard Scheutz having given him very little information. In addition, costly machine tools had had to be made specially to make the engine's components and many alterations had been introduced along the way. The machine was used by William Farr at the General Register Office to compute life tables, which were published in 1864. It operated on 15-digit numbers and 4th-order differences, and produced printed output just as Charles Babbage had envisaged. This machine is now in the London Science Museum.Civil engineering

In the 1820s <mask> became a director of the Thames Tunnel Company, having become acquainted with Marc Brunel when he had supplied equipment for his machinery at Chatham Dockyard. In 1825–27

masks:
Bryan Donkin
Bryan
Donkin
Donkin
Donkin


texts:
 <mask> supplied pumps for removing water from the tunnel and also workmen for modifying the tunnelling shield; at one time it was even suggested that he replace Brunel as engineer. In 1826 he constructed a model of a landing stage proposed by Brunel for use at Liverpool. <mask>'s works regularly supplied machinery for use in civil engineering projects, including dredging machines for the Caledonian Canal in 1816, the Prussian Government in 1817, the Göta Canal (Sweden) in 1821, and the Calder and Hebble Navigation in 1824. Stationary steam engines were also supplied for use in the construction of the locks on the Caledonian Canal. As an eminent engineer, <mask> was often consulted on civil engineering matters. He supported Thomas Telford's 1814 proposals for a massive suspension bridge at Runcorn, and in 1821 reported along with Henry Maudslay on an iron bridge erected by Ralph Dodd at Springfield, Chelmsford.Thomas Telford employed <mask> in his survey of rivers in the London area for the Water Supply report, completed shortly before Telford's death. <mask> died in 1855 and was buried in a family plot in Nunhead Cemetery, south London. Other work
In 1820 <mask> worked with Sir William Congreve on preventing the forgery of excise stamps, using a method of two-colour printing with compound printing plates. Working with his partner John Wilks, he produced a machine which was used for the Excise and Stamp Office and also for the East India Company at Calcutta. This Rose Engine is now at the Science Museum, London. By 1847, <mask>'s company had designed its first products for the emerging gas industry. The name Donkin has since become a generic name for certain gas valves and <mask>kin RMG Gas Controls Limited remains a going concern in Europe.AVK and Howden Blowers also continue manufacture of <mask> equipment. Among <mask>'s other inventions were a screw-cutting and dividing

masks:
Donkin
Donkin
Donkin
Donkin
Donkin
Donkin
Donkin
Bryan Don
Bryan Donkin
Donkin


texts:
 machine; an instrument to measure the velocity of rotating machinery; and a counting engine. The last two received the Royal Society of Arts Prize medal. Death

<mask> died at home in the New Kent Road, London, on 27 February 1855. He was buried in a vault in Nunhead Cemetery. His wife, Mary, died on 27 August 1858 and was buried in the same vault, as were other family members at later dates. Institutions
In 1805, with John Hall and others, he formed the Society of Master Millwrights, acting as its treasurer.He was a member of the Society of Arts, becoming a Vice-president and Chairman of the Committee of Mechanics. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1838. <mask> was one of the originators and a vice-president of the Institution of Civil Engineers, which was founded by Henry Robinson Palmer, one of his pupils. He also helped the Institution to obtain its Royal Charter in 1828, advancing 100 guineas towards the costs. <mask> was elected a member of the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers in 1835 and served as its president in 1843. He was a founder member of the Royal Astronomical Society and served on its council. Notes

References

 Chronicle of Britain
 GIS/V12:2006 Gas Industry Standard Specification for Sealant replacement for valves operating up to and including 2 bar
Britannica article on <mask>
 "<mask>: The Very Civil Engineer 1768 - 1855"  Maureen Greenland and Russ Day, Phillimore Book Publishing, 2016, , 9780993468018

External links
 The Bryan Donkin Archive Trust seeks to ensure that the artefacts of the company are preserved and to educate everyone interested about <mask>.AVK
 Bryan Donkin RMG Gas Controls Ltd
 Howden Blowers and Compressors

English inventors
English civil engineers
People of the Industrial Revolution
1768 births
1855 deaths
Fellows of the Royal Society
Presidents of the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers
People from

masks:
Donkin
Donkin
Donkin
Donkin
Bryan Donkin
Bryan Donkin


texts:
<mask> (, ;  – November 3, 1918) was a Russian mathematician, mechanician and physicist. His surname is variously romanized as Ljapunov, Liapunov, Liapounoff or Ljapunow. He was the son of astronomer <mask> and the brother of pianist and composer <mask>. <mask> is known for his development of the stability theory of a dynamical system, as well as for his many contributions to mathematical physics and probability theory. Biography

Early life
<mask> was born in Yaroslavl, Russian Empire. His father <mask> (1820–1868) was an astronomer employed by the Demidov Lyceum. His brother, <mask>, was a gifted composer and pianist.In 1863, M. V<mask> retired from his scientific career and relocated his family to his wife's estate at Bolobonov, in the Simbirsk province (now Ulyanovsk Oblast). After the death of his father in 1868, <mask> was educated by his uncle R. M. Sechenov, brother of the physiologist Ivan Mikhailovich Sechenov. At his uncle's family, Lyapunov studied with his distant cousin Natalia Rafailovna, who became his wife in 1886. In 1870, his mother moved with her sons to Nizhny Novgorod, where he started the third class of the gymnasium. He graduated from the gymnasium with distinction in 1876. Education

In 1876, <mask> entered the Physico-Mathematical department at the University of Saint Petersburg, but after one month he transferred to the Mathematics department of the university. Among the Saint Petersburg mathematics professors were Chebyshev and his students <mask> Korkin and Yegor Ivanovich Zolotarev.<mask> wrote his first independent scientific works under the guidance of the professor of mechanics, D. K. Bobylev. In 1880 <mask> received a gold medal for a work on hydrostatics. This was the basis for his first

masks:
Aleksandr Mikhailovich Lyapunov
Mikhail Lyapunov
Sergei Lyapunov
Lyapunov
Lyapunov
Mikhail Vasilyevich Lyapunov
Sergei Lyapunov
. Lyapunov
Aleksandr Lyapunov
Lyapunov
Aleksandr Nikolaevich
Lyapunov
Lyapunov


texts:
 published scientific works On the equilibrium of a heavy body in a heavy fluid contained in a vessel of a fixed form and On the potential of hydrostatic pressure. <mask> also completed his university course in 1880, two years after Andrey Markov who had also graduated at Saint Petersburg University. <mask> would maintain scientific contact with Markov throughout his life. Teaching and research
A major theme in <mask>'s research was the stability of a rotating fluid mass with possible astronomical application. This subject was proposed to Lyapunov by Chebyshev as a topic for his masters thesis which he submitted in 1884 with the title On the stability of ellipsoidal forms of rotating fluids.In 1885, <mask> became privatdozent and was proposed to accept the chair of mechanics at Kharkiv University, where he went the same year. About the initial stay at Kharkiv, Smirnov writes in his biography of <mask>:

His student and collaborator, Vladimir Steklov, recalled his first lecture in the following way: "A handsome young man, almost of the age of the other students, came before the audience, where there was also the old Dean, professor Levakovsky, who was respected by all students. After the Dean had left, the young man with a trembled voice started to lecture a course on the dynamics of material points, instead of a course on dynamical systems. This subject was already known to the students from the lectures of professor Delarue. But what Lyapunov taught us was new to me and I had never seen this material in any textbook. All antipathy to the course was immediately blown to dust. From that day students would show Lyapunov a special respect."The main contribution was published in the celebrated  monograph  'A.M. Lyapunov, The

masks: Lyapunov Lyapunov Lyapunov Lyapunov Lyapunov


texts:
 general problem of the stability of motion. 1892. Kharkiv Mathematical Society, Kharkiv, 251p. (in Russian)'. This led on to his 1892 doctoral thesis The general problem of the stability of motion. The thesis was defended in Moscow University on September 12, 1892, with Nikolai Zhukovsky and V. B. Mlodzeevski as opponents.In 1908, the Kharkiv edition was translated to French and republished by the University of Toulouse: 'Probleme General de la Stabilite du Mouvement, Par M.A. Liapounoff. Traduit du russe par M.Edouard Davaux'. Later years
<mask> returned to Saint Petersburg in 1902, after being elected acting member of the Academy of Science as well as ordinary professor in the Faculty of Applied Mathematics of the university. The position had been left vacant by the death of his former teacher, Chebyshev. Not having any teaching obligations, this allowed <mask> to focus on his studies and in particular he was able to bring to a conclusion the work on the problem of Chebyshev with which he started his scientific career. In 1908, he took part to the Fourth International Mathematical Congress in Rome.He also participated in the publication of Euler's selected works: he was an editor of the volumes 18 and 19. Death

By the end of June 1917, <mask> traveled with his wife to his brother's palace in Odessa. <mask>'s wife was suffering from tuberculosis so they moved following her doctor's orders. She died on October 31, 1918. The same day, <mask> shot himself in the head, and three days later he died. By that time, he was going blind from cataracts. Work

Lyapunov contributed to several fields, including differential equations, potential theory, dynamical systems and probability theory.His main preoccupations were the stability


texts:
 of equilibria and the motion of mechanical systems, and the study of particles under the influence of gravity. His work in the field of mathematical physics regarded the boundary value problem of the equation of Laplace. In the theory of potential, his work from 1897 On some questions connected with Dirichlet's problem clarified several important aspects of the theory. His work in this field is in close connection with the work of Steklov. <mask> developed many important approximation methods. His methods, which he developed in 1899, make it possible to define the stability of sets of ordinary differential equations. He created the modern theory of the stability of a dynamic system.In the theory of probability, he generalised the works of Chebyshev and Markov, and proved the Central Limit Theorem under more general conditions than his predecessors. The method of characteristic functions he used for the proof later found widespread use in probability theory. Like many mathematicians, <mask> preferred to work alone and communicated mainly with few colleagues and close relatives. He usually worked late, four to five hours at night, sometimes the whole night. Once or twice a year he visited the theatre, or went to some concert. He had many students. He was an honorary member of many universities, an honorary member of the academy in Rome and a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences in Paris.Lyapunov's impact was significant, and the following mathematical concepts are named after him:
 Lyapunov equation
 Lyapunov exponent
 Lyapunov function
 Lyapunov fractal
 Lyapunov stability
 Lyapunov's central limit theorem
 Lyapunov vector

Selected publications
 1884, On the stability of ellipsoidal figures of equilibrium of a

masks: Lyapunov Lyapunov


texts:
 rotating fluid (in Russian) Published in Bulletin Astronomique 1885
 1892, A.M. Lyapunov, The general problem of the stability of motion. 1892. Kharkov Mathematical Society, Kharkov, 251p. (in Russian)
 1897, Sur certaines questions qui se rattachent au problème de Dirichlet
 1901, Nouvelle forme du théorème sur la limite de probabilité
 1901, Sur un théorème du calcul des probabilités
 1902, Sur une série dans la théorie des équations différentielles linéaires du second ordre à coefficients périodiques
 1903, Recherches dans la théorie de la figure des corps célestes
 1904, Sur l'équation de Clairaut et les équations plus générales de la théorie de la figure des planètes

See also

 Lyapunov equation
 Lyapunov exponent
 Lyapunov fractal
 Lyapunov function
 Lyapunov stability
 Lyapunov time
 Lyapunov's central limit theorem
 Lyapunov's condition
 Lyapunov–Malkin theorem
 Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction

Notes

References

 Reviewed in detail by M. C. Smith: Automatica 1995 vol.3(2), pp. 353–356

External links

 Ляпунов Александр Михайлович at www. mathsoc.spb. ru (in Russian)
 Ляпунов Александр Михайлович (1857-1918) at www.spbu.ru (in Russian)
 Ляпунов Александр Михайлович at www-mechmath. univer. kharkov. ua (in Russian)
  <mask><mask> = Ляпунов Александр Михайлович  alive at scholar.google.com (live citations)

1857 births
1918 suicides
19th-century Russian mathematicians
Ukrainian mathematicians
20th-century Russian mathematicians
Chaos theorists
Control theorists
Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1917–1925)
Full members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
People from Yaroslavl
Saint Petersburg State University alumni
Suicides by firearm in the Soviet Union
Suicides by firearm in

masks:
Aleksandr M
. Lyapunov


texts:
<mask> also known as "Pacho" and "H7", (August 24, 1951 – November 6, 1998) was a Colombian drug trafficker, fourth in command in the Cali Cartel, and believed to be the son of <mask>. Early years

<mask> grew up in the Colombian town of Palmira, in the Valle del Cauca Department. While in high school, <mask> studied technical maintenance, experience that got him a job later in the United States. Living in the United States, he also became a jeweler and precious metals broker until he began selling cocaine in New York City. In 1975, and 1978, <mask> was arrested on distribution charges in New York City for selling cocaine. Cali Cartel
In 1983, <mask> went to Cali, Colombia, to negotiate supply and distribution rights with the Cali Cartel for New York City. He would later open up trafficking routes for the Cali Cartel through Mexico, with connections he had previously established.<mask> also ran one of the "most sophisticated and profitable money laundering operations", according to the United States Drug Enforcement Administration. <mask> was soon promoted to Cali cartel kingpin and given control over Jamundí in the south of the Valle, and Palmira and Yumbo in the north and east of the Valle. The Herrera operation, according to the DEA, involved importing cocaine base from Peru and Bolivia, which would be trafficked via his own transportation to conversion laboratories in Colombia. It is believed that <mask> hired guerrilla forces such as Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia () (FARC) and then guerrilla group 19th of April Movement (, M-19), to guard remote lab sites. <mask> always kept a very low profile and was never interviewed, and his name was almost never mentioned with that of the other leaders of the Cali cartel. Although it has been argued that he was the source of most of the money involved in the illicit

masks:
Francisco Hélmer Herrera Buitrago
Benjamín Herrera Zuleta
Herrera
Herrera
Herrera
Herrera
Herrera
Herrera
Herrera
Herrera


texts:
 financing of Ernesto Samper's presidential campaign, <mask> himself never spoke of the issue and was never formally involved in the investigation. His name came to light only after a terrorist attack on a football field in Candelaria, Valle del Cauca, on September 25, 1990; 20 gunmen dressed in army and police attire opened fire on the crowd where <mask> was sitting, killing 18, but not hitting <mask>.The attack was attributed to the Medellin cartel, and particularly to Pablo Escobar, who apparently blamed <mask> for a car bomb which exploded on January 13, 1988, in the Monaco apartment building owned by Escobar in one of the most affluent areas in the city of Medellín. The war between the cartels shed much of each side's blood, but <mask> took a back role and left the fighting to the Rodriguez brothers. Another attempt on <mask>'s life was made on July 27, 1991, in a summer resort: hooded gunmen wearing pink bracelets shot at the people in the place, killing 17 and hurting 13 others. <mask> was always said to be the main financial provider for the Los Pepes organization, but his name was never officially associated with them. Law enforcement actions
In November 1991, the DEA launched Operation Kingpin, which targeted two of <mask>'s distribution cells in New York City. Through a largescale wiretap effort, the DEA utilized over 100 simultaneous, court-authorized wiretaps on cellular phones. At the close of Operation Kingpin, nearly 100 traffickers were arrested, and more than $20 million in cash and assets, and over 2.5 tons of cocaine seized.In addition, records of transactions and personnel were seized from computers, which information later provided a greater look into the Cali Cartel cell structure. Surrender and death
On September 1, 1996, <mask> turned himself in to the Search Bloc (), a unit of the Colombian National

masks: Herrera Herrera Herrera Herrera Herrera Herrera Herrera Herrera Herrera


texts: Police. <mask> was the last of the four leaders of the Cali Cartel to be captured. He was sentenced to six years and eight months in prison for drug trafficking charges, which was extended to 14 years in 1998. Once in jail, <mask> reportedly changed his lifestyle and devoted himself to football, becoming the sports organizer in the jail and sponsoring football tournaments. He also began a bachelor's degree in business administration. Although he was supposed to be in the maximum security wing of the jail, <mask> visited the other wings, where he would meet with his lawyers.On November 4, 1998, Rafael Ángel Uribe Serna, 32, got inside the jail and went to the football pitch where <mask> was playing. Uribe was reportedly drunk, but apparently <mask> stopped the game upon seeing him and went to greet him. After hugging <mask>, Uribe took out a gun and shot him seven times in the head. Uribe was caught by other inmates and then taken away by the prison guards, while <mask> was moved to a hospital where he died. There are a number of possible motives for <mask>'s assassination. These include old vendettas from members of the Norte del Valle Cartel, in particular a man known by the alias of JJ, by orders of Wilber Varela, who apparently had been the victim some days earlier of an assassination attempt by the Cali cartel leaders and the collaboration between <mask> and DEA for betraying Orlando Henao, chief of the Norte del Valle Cartel and Varela's boss. Other hypotheses point to <mask>'s long-time conflict against communist guerrillas.The assassin, Uribe, had been a personal adviser of <mask>'s for 10 years and was a frequent visitor. Uribe declared that he had decided to kill <mask> because he had threatened Uribe's family when Uribe was unable to kill Víctor Carranza as <mask> had ordered. These declarations, however, were found

masks: Herrera Herrera Herrera Herrera Herrera Herrera Herrera Herrera Herrera Herrera Herrera Herrera Herrera


texts:
 unreliable, and probably a stratagem to take attention away from the real masterminds. The most accepted hypothesis is that Uribe was actually acting under the orders of the Norte del Valle cartel who were angry with <mask> for having released information about them, and who had been eager to take up the business left behind after the capture or death of the Cali cartel leaders. Uribe was also the uncle of brothers Luis Enrique and Javier Antonio Calle Serna, the "Comba" brothers, who took hold of the Norte del Valle cartel after Varela died. Uribe himself was assassinated in October 2009. Sexual orientation
In the book, La patrona de Pablo Escobar, written by Colombian journalist José Guarnizo, <mask> was described as "an immigrant who went from being an anonymous Latin mechanic to one of the wealthiest members of the Cartel de Cali" and "one of the few homosexuals who climbed high in the pyramid of the Mafia".At the time, <mask>'s crimes overshadowed any speculation regarding his sexual orientation. In the Netflix drama Narcos, <mask> is portrayed as openly gay. In popular culture
 <mask> is portrayed by Pedro Mogollón, as the character Hugo de la Cruz in the TV Series El cartel. He is portrayed by Daniel Rocha as the character of Gerardo Carrera in the TV Series Escobar, el patrón del mal. In TV series Tres Caínes is portrayed by Mauricio Goyeneche as the character of Hermes Valenzuela. In TV series En la boca del lobo is portrayed by Ricardo Vesga as the character of Elver "Chacho" Barrera. Finally, he is portrayed by Alberto Ammann in the Netflix original series Narcos and Narcos: Mexico.References

1951 births
1998 deaths
People from Palmira, Valle del Cauca
People from Valle del Cauca Department
Cali Cartel traffickers
Colombian murderers
Deaths by firearm in Colombia
Colombian drug traffickers
Prisoners murdered in

masks: Herrera Herrera Herrera Herrera Herrera


texts:
<mask> (born December 8, 1964) is an American actress best known for her portrayals of Lois Lane on the television series Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman (1993–1997); Paris Carver in the James Bond film Tomorrow Never Dies (1997); and Susan Mayer on the television series Desperate Housewives (2004–2012), for which she won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy and three Screen Actors Guild Awards (one as lead female actor, two as part of Best Ensemble), and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series. Early life
<mask> was born on December 8, 1964, in Palo Alto, California, the only child of Esther (née Beshur), a computer programmer who worked for Lockheed Martin, and <mask>, Jr., a nuclear physicist and electrical engineer. Her father is of English, Welsh and Irish descent (Hatcher has said that he also has Choctaw ancestry), and her mother is of Syrian, Czech and Irish ancestry. Hatcher took ballet lessons at the San Juan School of Dance in Los Altos and grew up in Sunnyvale, California. At De Anza College she studied mathematics and engineering. In March 2006, she alleged that she was sexually abused from the age of five by Richard Hayes Stone, an uncle by marriage who was later divorced by Hatcher's aunt. She said her parents were unaware of the abuse.In 2002, she assisted Santa Clara County prosecutors with their indictment of Stone for a more recent sexual offense that led his female victim to commit suicide at 14. Stone pleaded guilty to four counts of child sexual abuse and was sentenced to 14 years in prison. Hatcher said she told the prosecutors about her own abuse because she was haunted by thoughts of the 14-year-old girl who shot herself, and feared Stone might escape conviction. Stone died of colon cancer on August 19,

masks:
Teri Lynn Hatcher
Hatcher
Owen Walker Hatcher


texts:
 2008, after serving six years of his sentence. Career

1984–1992: Early work
Hatcher studied acting at the American Conservatory Theater. One of her early jobs (in 1984) was as an NFL cheerleader with the San Francisco 49ers. From September 1985 to May 1986 she joined the cast of the TV series The Love Boat as Amy, one of the Mermaid showgirls.It mainly involved dancing and singing as part of the Mermaids show routine, but she had short comedic lines in some episodes, and in one episode was part of one of three storylines opposite a male guest star. From 1986 to 1989, she appeared in six episodes of the TV series MacGyver as talkative but naive Penny Parker opposite Richard Dean Anderson's eponymous hero. In 1987, she played the sensible, intelligent 18-year-old daughter of Patty Duke's lead character in the short-lived Fox comedy Karen's Song, and had a guest-star role in an episode of Night Court. In 1988, she made a short guest appearance in the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode The Outrageous Okona as Lt. Robinson. In 1989, she guest-starred in an episode of Quantum Leap, "Star Crossed", as the main character's mathematician/scientist future wife; and guest-starred as a nude beauty pageant winner in an episode of L.A. Law. That year she also made her motion picture debut with a minor role as a young opportunistic actress in The Big Picture, starring Kevin Bacon. She then played Sylvester Stallone's younger sister, a dancer, in the big-budget police action-comedy Tango and Cash, also starring Kurt Russell; it was a critical and box office disappointment.After a short guest appearance in an episode of Murphy Brown in 1990, <mask>'s next TV series role, in 1991, was in the Norman Lear creation Sunday Dinner, a comedy. She co-starred as 30-year-old lawyer in a mostly physical relationship with a widowed


texts:
 businessman twice her age, played by Robert Loggia. The series had a brief run on CBS that summer but was not renewed. She also acted in the television crime movie Dead in the Water (1991) in which she plays Bryan Brown's lawyer's young, attractive temptress secretary, and in the low-budget erotic thriller The Cool Surface (not released until 1994), wherein she plays a young actress who has an ill-fated romance with an enigmatic, unsettled screenwriter. In 1992, Hatcher tried out for the role of Jamie Buchman on Mad About You and made it to the final two choices, but lost the part to Helen Hunt. 1993–1997: Breakthrough
Hatcher made a much-discussed guest appearance on a 1993 episode of Seinfeld, in which her character, Sidra, breaks up with Jerry because she believes Jerry sent his friend Elaine into a sauna to find out if Sidra's breasts are natural or enhanced by surgery. The episode concludes with Sidra saying to Jerry, "By the way, they're real, and they're spectacular" as she left his apartment.<mask> returned to play Sidra in brief scenes in two subsequent episodes: "The Pilot", the fourth season finale, and "The Finale (Part 2)", the series finale. <mask> landed a starring role in the ABC television series Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman as the Daily Planet reporter Lois Lane (opposite Dean Cain as Superman/Clark Kent) from 1993 to 1997. At the height of the show's popularity in 1995, a picture of Hatcher wrapped in a Superman cape was reportedly the most downloaded image on the Internet for several months. "It's a great shot," she said. "Not so much because it's me. It's just cool looking." Hatcher also co-wrote an episode for season three called "It's A Small World After All" about a former classmate who shrinks and kidnaps her classmate's spouses and traps them in a dollhouse.Hatcher hosted

masks: Hatcher Hatcher


texts:
 NBC's Saturday Night Live in 1996. Hatcher won the role of Paris Carver (beating Monica Bellucci) in the 1997 James Bond film Tomorrow Never Dies. Hatcher was three months pregnant at the filming's start, by her husband, Jon Tenney. A publicist said the pregnancy did not affect the production schedule. She was voted the world's sexiest woman by readers of popular men's magazine FHM in spring 1997 after having been number four in 1996 and was number 15 in 1998; she also made the list in 1999 and 2000. Celebrity Sleuth ranked her as its Sexiest Woman for 1997, the only year it ranked her in its Top 25 list. The Australian version of FHM began a 100 Sexiest Women list in 1998 and Hatcher placed 25th on the list, but she did not make the next list published in 2000.Hatcher also appeared in films such as Spy Kids (2001), and played a villain in two crime dramas, the ensemble 2 Days in the Valley (1996), a moderate box office success, and Heaven's Prisoners (1996), co-starring Alec Baldwin, which failed at the box office. Hatcher appeared in a series of RadioShack television commercials alongside National Football League player Howie Long. 2004–2012: Commercial success with Desperate Housewives

She beat four other actresses for one of the lead roles on ABC's Desperate Housewives, in which she starred as Susan Mayer, a role for which she won the Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy Golden Globe Award in January 2005. Later that year, Hatcher won the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) award in the same category. In July 2005, she was nominated for an Emmy award as Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series, along with co-stars Marcia Cross and Felicity Huffman. Hatcher again made FHM's world's sexiest woman list in 2005 and 2006, placing at 63 and 81 those years, respectively. The US version of FHM ranked her in its US's 100


texts: Sexiest Woman list five times between its inaugural edition in 2000 and 2007, with peaks of number 7 in 2005 and number 10 in 2006. and she was on the cover of the magazine's February 2005 edition.Hatcher also re-entered the FHM Australia's Top 100 Sexiest Women list in 2005 and 2006 ranking 19 and 50 those years. She made similar lists in the German and Portuguese versions of FHM those years. Maxim Magazine placed her in its Top 100 listing of Sexiest Women of 2006 (a listing they began in 1999) at number 73. As of April 2006, Hatcher was one of the highest paid television actresses in the United States, reportedly earning $285,000 per episode of Desperate Housewives. That year she was one of the three nominees for Favorite Television Performer for the People's Choice Awards and was again nominated for a Golden Globe as Lead Actress in a television comedy program. In May 2006, she released her first book, Burnt Toast: And Other Philosophies of Life. Hatcher performed The Beatles song "Good Night" on the 2006 charity album Unexpected Dreams – Songs From the Stars.On April 9, 2008, <mask> appeared on Idol Gives Back, singing Carrie Underwood's "Before He Cheats". She voiced the Other Mother, a mysterious, button-eyed figure, as well as Coraline's mother Mel Jones, who constantly shows Coraline "tough love," both in the 2009 film Coraline, which received critical acclaim. In 2010, <mask> made a return to the Superman franchise, with a special guest role in the final season of Smallville as Ella Lane, the mother of Erica Durance's Lois Lane. The episode continued a tradition of former Lois Lane actresses portraying the character's mother many years later. Noel Neill appeared as Lois' mother in the 1978 film Superman: The Movie, and Phyllis Coates made a similar appearance on Lois & Clark. A report in November 2010


texts:
 suggested that <mask>, along with co-star Felicity Huffman, would be quitting Desperate Housewives, but ABC denied the claim. <mask> later addressed the rumors of her departure from Desperate Housewives, saying that "[t]here are not enough adjectives to describe how stupid, off base, and ridiculously untrue this is".However, after the show concluded in 2012, media sources revealed an apparent rift with her co-stars. It has been widely speculated that the cast did not get along well with Hatcher. Eva Longoria, Felicity Huffman, Marcia Cross, and Vanessa Williams gave thank-you gifts to the crew from the show which included a message with their names inscribed at the end, and Hatcher's name was distinctly absent. TV Guide source, William Keck, revealed that "something went down" between Hatcher and the cast that caused a rift, and also observed how Hatcher would physically distance herself from the others during breaks in filming. On her end, Hatcher said to TV Guide that "I will never disclose the true and complicated journey of us all, but I wish everyone on the show well." In 2011, Men's Health magazine named Hatcher #38 on their "Hottest Women of All Time" list. 2013–present: Post-Desperate Housewives work
Hatcher voiced Dottie in the films Planes (2013) and Planes: Fire & Rescue (2014).In 2016, Hatcher had a recurring role as Charlotte, a successful single mother who becomes Oscar's (Matthew Perry) love interest in the second season of the comedy series  The Odd Couple. In 2017, Hatcher appeared as Queen Rhea of Daxam in a recurring role on The CW series Supergirl. In 2018, Hatcher debuted a YouTube channel called Hatching Change. It includes two segments: "Van Therapy" and "Don't Eat 'It' Out Of a Box". Since Desperate Housewives went off the air, <mask>, who was already an active baker, has gotten very

masks: Hatcher Hatcher Hatcher


texts:
 interested and involved in cooking including taking lessons at various times. Hatcher became a champion in season 17 of Chopped on the Food Network by winning the Holiday Celebrity episode. She also participated in The Great British Bake Off in the fifth episode of the Stand Up to Cancer series of 2018, which she also won, earning the title of Star baker.Personal life

Hatcher married Marcus Leithold, of Butler, Pennsylvania, on June 4, 1988; they divorced the following year. On May 27, 1994, she married actor Jon Tenney; they had a daughter, Emerson, born in 1997. They divorced in March 2003. In 2007, Hatcher began writing a column for Glamour magazine. Hatcher endorsed Democratic primary candidate Andrew Yang in the 2020 presidential election. Filmography

Film

Television

Awards and nominations

Honors
 1996: Honored as the Female Discovery of the Year by the Golden Apple Awards. 2011: Nominated — Favorite Online Sensation by the People's Choice Awards.Accolades

References

External links

 <mask> <mask> at Emmys.com

1964 births
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
21st-century American writers
Actresses from Palo Alto, California
American cheerleaders
American film actresses
American people of Czech descent
American people of Choctaw descent
American people of English descent
American people of Irish descent
American people of Syrian descent
American people of Welsh descent
American television actresses
American voice actresses
American YouTubers
Best Musical or Comedy Actress Golden Globe (television) winners
De Anza College alumni
Living people
National Football League cheerleaders
Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Writers from Palo Alto, California
Writers from Sunnyvale, California
American

masks: Teri Hatcher


texts:
<mask> (born 6 November 1969, Paris) is a French film producer, best known for creating the Cities of Love series of films set in various cities around the world; most notable of those are Paris, je t'aime and New York, I Love You. Education
A graduate of Reims Management School, <mask> demonstrates an early interest in art and international trade. During his studies, he displays a passion for contemporary painting and philosophy (art, law, nature), studies abroad and, while still in his teens, participates in the creation of a Parisian restaurant dedicated to classical music, the Opus Café. Several internships in the US and England give him a grounding in international marketing. This leads him to two years as main buyer for a Los Angeles import-export company specializing in fine foods. This period also gives him the opportunity to work with an independent film producer on the financial set-up of a feature film. Early work
In France in 1994, <mask> spent over a year working on the co-development of European and Asian cinemas, while studying Japanese at the Langues'O.He also attended many foreign markets. His research was sent to the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Centre National de la Cinématographie, and became his central theme of research at La Sorbonne University (Strategic Analysis in Cinema). This period of reflection on the industry of film was decisive: cinema needed to serve diversity and peace. He chose his profession: producing world films. <mask> participated in a panel about the Future of Asian Cinema at the Busan International Film Festival in 1997 during which he claimed that the future of cinema would be in Asia, and more specifically in China. The same year, he joined an independent production company whose first project was an international collection of 12 feature films inspired by parables from the New Testament. For this non-denominational

masks:
Emmanuel Benbihy
Emmanuel Benbihy
Benbihy
Benbihy


texts:
 project, he represented the company in international markets and festivals, managing relations with the filmmakers, supervising script development, preparing international production and distribution agreements, and built a strong network of contacts and private investors.He raised a development fund, and took his first steps in the industry, collaborating with directors such as Peter Del Monte, Ermanno Olmi, Djibril Diop Mambety, Mira Nair, Liv Ullmann, Fernando Spiner, Im Kwon-taek ou Mikheil Kobakhidze. Cities of Love franchise

Cities of Love is a series of motion pictures illustrating the universality of love in major cities around the world. Each episode is a collective feature film composed of no fewer than 10 segments – created by directors from around the world. Five such pictures have been completed: Paris, je t'aime in 2006, New York, I Love You in 2008, Tbilisi, I Love You and Rio, Eu Te Amo in 2014, and Berlin, I Love You in 2018. The next episodes will be in Los Angeles, Shanghai, Jerusalem and Venice, before heading to Delhi, Marseille, and New Orleans. Each segment's story line must center on an encounter that bears the hope of love and takes place in the current time. Each segment must contain a strong presence of the illustrated city and a visual identification with the area selected by each director so that the audience may experience its singularity.All the segments shall be woven together by interstitial transitions placed before, between and after each of the segments. The transitions are directed by an additional director. The transitions involve some, if not all, of the characters created by the segment directors and at least one character, specifically created for the transitions, called the "recurrent character". The recurrent character must have an excuse to be found anywhere in the city at any time, and a good reason to connect or interact with any


texts:
 of the segments' characters. The recurrent character serves the unity of the film. The transitions, and the absence of credits inside the film, are essential to the unity and the fluidity of the overall experience. In a final scene, a narrative epilogue allows the audience to watch again some of the segments' characters of the film in a single unifying moment.Paris, je t'aime

In April 2000, the development of the film Paris, je t'aime began with a simple idea: 20 arrondissements, 20 directors, 20 love encounters. <mask>, along with co-executive producer Gilles Caussade determined a production timeline for the project, and little by little put together the principal elements needed for its development and production: narrative development, artistic and technical specifications, material to approach directors and talents, contracts, consistent marketing strategy and international approach to film financing. All these elements are today part of the Cities of Love franchise. The production of Paris, je t'aime began in July 2005 and involved 24 international directors. The film was pre-sold in numerous territories at high levels, and opened the Cannes Film Festival 2006, Un Certain regard section. Directors such as the Coen brothers, Alexander Payne, Gus Van Sant, Alfonso Cuaron, Wes Craven, Walter Salles, Tom Tykwer, and actors such as Elijah Wood, Juliette Binoche, Willem Dafoe, Natalie Portman, Nick Nolte, Gena Rowlands, Gérard Depardieu participated in this film. Paris, je t'aime was the opportunity to give some of the first lead roles on screen to Olga Kurylenko, Leïla Bekhti and Aïssa Maïga, and to produce the first short film of the Coen brothers.New York, I Love You

Following Paris, je t'aime, New York, I Love You is the second episode of the Cities of Love series. Directors of the segments include Jiang Wen, Mira Nair, Shunji Iwai, Yvan Attal, Brett Ratner, Allen Hughes,


texts:
 Shekhar Kapur, Natalie Portman, Fatih Akın, Joshua Marston and Randy Balsmeyer. The film stars Bradley Cooper, Justin Bartha, Andy García, Hayden Christensen, Rachel Bilson, Natalie Portman, Irrfan Khan, Emilie Ohana, Orlando Bloom, Christina Ricci, Maggie Q, Ethan Hawke, Anton Yelchin, James Caan, Olivia Thirlby, Blake Lively, Drea de Matteo, Julie Christie, John Hurt, Shia LaBeouf, Uğur Yücel, Taylor Geare, Carlos Acosta, Jacinda Barrett, Shu Qi, Burt Young, Chris Cooper, Robin Wright Penn, Eva Ammuri, Eli Wallach and Cloris Leachman. In the Diamond District, an inter-cultural romantic fantasy transforms the purchase of a precious stone. Meanwhile, in Chinatown, a desperate artist pursues a reluctant muse. Within an Upper East Side hotel, a sophisticated guest and a mysterious bellboy journey outside of time. After an unexpected night in Central Park, a young man's prom date has a surprising revelation.Traveling towards the Village, two lovers speed by taxi, subway and foot to meet for the first time after what they thought was a one-night stand. In Tribeca, a pickpocket finds the tables turned when he follows an alluring girl. And in Brooklyn, a moment of Coney Island bliss envelops an octogenarian couple. These stories and more are all woven together to form a colorful, lyrical collage not only of the city – but of the deep yearning for love and human connections that sustain everyone within it. New York, I Love You was the opportunity that gave Bradley Cooper's first lead role on screen, and also produced the first short films directed by Natalie Portman and  Scarlett Johansson. References

External links
Cities of Love Franchise website
"Producer <mask> on New York, I Love You", studio daily, Bryant Frazer, 16 October 2009
"Speed Dating With <mask>", Interview, Francesca Mari, 19 October 2009

French film producers
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
1969

masks:
Emmanuel Benbihy
Emmanuel Benbihy


texts:
Alberto Aguilera Valadez (; January 7, 1950 – August 28, 2016), known professionally as <mask> (), was a Mexican singer, songwriter and actor. Colloquially nicknamed as <mask><ref>Martínez-Staines, Javier; Univision Noticias: La importancia de Juanga, según los intelectuales'  (In Spanish) Retrieved August 29, 2016.</ref> () and El Divo de Juárez, <mask> was known for his flamboyant style, which broke barriers within the Latin music industry. Widely considered one of the best and most prolific Mexican composers and singers of all time, he has been referred to as a pop icon. Having sold an estimated of 60 million records worldwide, <mask> was among Latin America's best selling singer-songwriters. His nineteenth studio album, Recuerdos, Vol. II, is reportedly the best-selling album of all time in Mexico, with over eight million copies sold. During his career, <mask> wrote around 1,800 songs.Among his most recognized penned songs are "Amor eterno", "Querida", "Yo no nací para amar", "Hasta que te conocí", "El Noa Noa", "No tengo dinero", "Abrázame muy fuerte", "Te lo pido por favor", "En esta primavera", "Pero qué necesidad", "Te sigo amando", "Siempre en mi mente", "De mí enamórate", and "Lo pasado, pasado", among others; all of them, performed by him and many other artists. Early life
Alberto Aguilera Valadez was born on January 7, 1950, in Parácuaro, Michoacán, Mexico. The son of farmers <mask> Rodríguez and Victoria Valadez Rojas, he was the youngest of ten siblings. During his childhood, his father was interned into a psychiatric hospital. Because of this, his mother moved to Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, and he was put in the El

masks:
Juan Gabriel
Juanga
Juan Gabriel
Juan Gabriel
Juan Gabriel
Gabriel Aguilera


texts: Tribunal boarding school where he remained for eight years. There, he met school director Micaela Alvarado, and teacher <mask>. Aguilera became very close with Contreras, then escaped El Tribunal and lived with him for a year when he was 13.In the same year, Aguilera composed his first song. At 14 Aguilera returned to live with his mother in the center of the town. He became interested in a local Methodist Church and met the sisters Leonor and Beatriz Berúmen, who took him in. There he sang in the choir and helped by cleaning the church. In 1965, Aguilera debuted on the Notivisa (now Gala TV Ciudad Juárez) television show Noches Rancheras. Host Raúl Loya gave him the pseudonym Adán Luna. In the program, he sang the song "María la Bandida" by José Alfredo Jiménez.From 1966 to 1968, he started to work as a singer at the Noa-Noa bar. During this period, he wrote the song "El Noa Noa". He also worked as a singer in other bars in the town. Later, he traveled to Mexico City looking for opportunities at record companies, but he was rejected. He returned to Juárez, where he continued working as a singer. The next year, he tried again to be signed by a record label. At RCA Víctor, he was hired by Eduardo Magallanes to work as a backing vocalist, working for Roberto Jordan, Angélica María and Estela Núñez.In 1970, he resigned because he received insufficient payment and returned to work the bars in Juárez. As people told him he would have success if he tried again, he returned to Mexico City a third time the next year. Not having enough money, Aguilera slept in bus and train stations. At a certain point, he was wrongly accused of


texts:
 robbery, and was imprisoned in the Palacio de Lecumberri prison for a year and a half. During this time, he wrote songs (including "Tres Claveles y Un Rosal" and "Me He Quedado Solo"), which helped him to meet Andrés Puentes Vargas, Lecumberri's prison warden, who introduced him to Mexican singer and actress La Prieta Linda. She helped him, and due to the lack of evidence he was released from prison. Career

La Prieta Linda helped Aguilera at RCA Víctor, where he signed a recording contract.He started to use the pseudonym <mask> (<mask>, in honor of <mask>; and <mask>, in honor of his own father). In 1971, <mask> released his first studio album El Alma Joven..., which included the song "No Tengo Dinero", which became his debut single and his first hit. El Alma Joven... was certified as gold by the Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas (AMPROFON). In 1972, <mask> participated at the OTI Festival, where he sang the songs "Será Mañana" and "Uno, Dos y Tres (Y Me Dás un Beso)". The songs were not qualified to represent Mexico, but they were acclaimed, and later recorded for his second album El Alma Joven II. After releasing El Alma Joven III (1973), <mask> released his first mariachi album featuring the group Vargas de Tecalitlán. The album, titled <mask> con el Mariachi Vargas de Tecalitlán (1974), includes songs like "Se Me Olvidó Otra Vez" and "Lágrimas y Lluvia".In 1975, he made his acting debut in the film Nobleza ranchera, acting with Sara García and Verónica Castro. Thanks to executive Astronaut Producer, Jon Gordillo, he has become a world-renowned artist. Over fifteen years, <mask>'s fame grew as

masks:
Juan Gabriel
Juan
Juan Contreras
Gabriel
Juan Gabriel
Juan Gabriel
Juan Gabriel
Juan Gabriel
Juan Gabriel


texts: he recorded 15 albums and sold 20 million records. He wrote and recorded over 1000 songs in a variety of music genre. <mask> established himself as Mexico's leading commercial singer-songwriter, penning in many diverse styles such as rancheras with mariachi, ballads, pop, rock, disco, with an incredible string of hits for himself and for leading Latin singers including among many others Lucha Villa, Daniela Romo and <mask> and international stars Luis Miguel, Rocío Dúrcal and José José who in 1978 achieved international recognition thanks to  Aguilera's ballad "Lo Pasado, Pasado". His lyrics dealt with heartbreak and romantic relationships that became hymns throughout Latin America, Spain, and the United States. In 1984, his song "Querida" (Darling) remained at number one for the entire year on the Mexican charts.He also received a Grammy nomination for "Best Latin Pop Album" for Recuerdos, Vol. II, which includes the single. His work as an arranger, producer and songwriter throughout the subsequent decades brought him into contact with the leading Latin artists of the day, including Rocío Dúrcal and Isabel Pantoja. In addition to recording numerous hits on his own, <mask> has produced albums for Dúrcal, Lucha Villa, Lola Beltrán and Paul Anka. In 1984, he released Recuerdos, Vol. II which one source says is the best-selling album of all time in Mexico with sales of over eight million copies. In 1990 <mask> became the first non-classical act to perform at the Palacio de Bellas Artes.The proceeds from the three sold-out concerts were given to the National Symphony Orchestra. On July 31, 2000, a telenovela titled Abrázame Muy

masks:
Juan Gabriel
Ana Gabriel
Juan Gabriel
Juan Gabriel


texts:
 Fuerte began broadcasting in Mexico. Salvador Mejía, the producer, choose to use the song of the same name as its main theme. "Abrázame Muy Fuerte" ended 2001 as the most successful Latin single of the year. For the song, <mask> won two Billboard Latin Music Awards in 2002 for Hot Latin Track of the Year and Latin Pop Airplay Track of the Year; and also received the Songwriter of the Year award. The song ranked seventh at the Hot Latin Songs 25th Anniversary chart. "Abrázame Muy Fuerte" also was awarded for Pop Song of the Year at the 2002 Lo Nuestro Awards.At the time of his death, <mask> was touring the United States and was scheduled to perform at a concert in El Paso, Texas, that same day. He also had four albums which reached number one on the Top Latin Albums from 2015 and 2016, including Vestido de Etiqueta por Eduardo Magallanes, which reached number one a week before he died. He holds the record for most albums peaking at number one on the Top Latin Albums chart in a short period time. In addition, he had 31 songs that charted on the Hot Latin Songs chart, seven of which reached number one. BMG copyright dispute
Between 1986 and 1994, <mask> refused to record any material because of a dispute with BMG over copyrights to his songs. He continued his career in live stage performances, setting attendance records throughout Latin America. By 1994 the copyright dispute reached a resolution under an agreement whereby ownership of the songs reverted to <mask> over a specified time period.After this dispute, which lasted 8 years, he released an album titled, "Gracias Por Esperar," which in English, translates to, "Thank You For

masks:
Juan Gabriel
Juan Gabriel
Juan Gabriel
Juan Gabriel


texts:
 Waiting". The record label then selected eleven previously released tracks from <mask>'s catalog in order to release "Debo Hacerlo", the last new song recorded by the artist. Personal life

<mask> was never married. He had six children. The mother of four of his children (Iván <mask>, <mask>, <mask> and <mask>) is Laura Salas. <mask> stated that Salas was "the best friend of my life" ("la mejor amiga de mi vida"  in Spanish). Nearly a month after his death, the news program Primer Impacto discovered that <mask> had a fifth child, a son named Luis Alberto Aguilera, living in Las Vegas.The two maintained a long-distance relationship, primarily communicating via e-mail. The mother of his fifth child is Guadalupe Gonzalez, who worked as <mask>'s domestic employee. On October 26, 2016, Primer Impacto found the sixth child of <mask>, named Joao <mask>, living in Los Angeles, California. Joao's mother is Consuelo Rosales, who also worked as <mask>'s domestic employee. Genetic testing was conducted to assess <mask>'s parentage of Luis Alberto and Joao, with genetic material provided by <mask>'s brother Pablo Aguilera. Although widely assumed to be gay, <mask> never spoke explicitly about his sexuality. As he got older, he became coy with his response towards questions about his sexuality, saying to interviewers "Lo que se ve no se pregunta"  ("what one sees doesn't have to be questioned").On November 14, 2005, <mask> was injured when he fell from the stage at the Toyota Center in Houston, Texas, and was hospitalized at Texas Medical Center. He sustained a fractured neck. He was forced to stay off tour and bedridden for eight months.

masks:
Juan Gabriel
Juan Gabriel
Gabriel
Joan Gabriel
Hans Gabriel
Jean Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Juan Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel
Gabriel