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<mask> (born February 18, 1945) is a Brazilian evangelical bishop, writer, billionaire businessman, and the founder of the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God (UCKG). He is the owner and chairman of the third-largest television network in Brazil, RecordTV, along with Grupo Record since 1989, which he founded after he bought the network. Early life
<mask> was born in Rio de Janeiro in 1945 (one of seven surviving children). Macedo's website stated that he has degrees in theology from the Evangelical School of Theology "United Seminar", and the Faculty of Theological Education in the state of São Paulo (Fatebom); a doctorate in theology, Christian philosophy, an honorary degree in Divinity, a Master's degree in Theological Science received through the Federación Evangélica Española de Entidades Religiosas (F.E.E.D.E.R) in Madrid, Spain. The reference to FEEDER may be an error; it is cited with a question mark in the biography, and there is an organisation called Federación de Entidades Religiosas Evangélicas de España (FEREDE). FEEDER appears only to be referenced in association with <mask>. The FEREDE in 2021 refused membership to the Comunidad Cristiana del Espíritu Santo, also known as Familia Unida or "Christian Help Centre", associated with the UCKG.Career
In 1963 he began a career as a civil servant, initially working with the state-run lottery of Rio de Janeiro, Loterj, and also at the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, IBGE, as a researcher in the economic census of 1970. <mask> was raised Catholic, but by 1965 converted to Pentecostalism, after an invitation from his sister to Igreja Cristã de Nova Vida. In 1975, <mask> founded a Pentecostal church with Romildo Ribeiro Soares, Cruzada do Caminho Eterno. After an argument, the two separated. In 1977, <mask> founded with others the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. In 1989

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 he bought the free-to-air commercial television network RecordTV and in the same year he founded Grupo Record. In 2007 he founded the 24-hour free-to-air news channel Record News.His rapidly growing religious movement and his teaching of prosperity theology have been a source of controversy. His sermons partly focus on freeing his followers from unclean spirits that oppress them, which manifest in them, and are cast out in the name of Jesus, for them to overcome their problems. His views about other faiths, particularly Catholicism, are also controversial. In 1992 he spent eleven days in jail on accusations of charlatanism. There were several protests, with his religious followers camping in front of the police precinct he was held in, according to his autobiography "Nothing to Lose". His prosperity theology is used by church leaders to justify his lifestyle, "If I preach prosperity and my clothes are ragged, who will follow me?" From March 2013 to 2015, <mask> was on the Forbes billionaires list with a reported US$1.1 billion, and $1.24 b for Macedo and family, making him by far the richest pastor in Brazil and the world.He was not on the list for 2016. The UCKG built a US$300 million replica in São Paulo of Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem, with an $8 million contract to import stones from Jerusalem like those used to build the 3,000-year-old original. Personal life
<mask> is married to Ester Bezerra, and has two daughters, Cristiane and Viviane, and an adopted son, Moises. Opinions and controversies

Opposition to interracial marriage

<mask> was criticized for writing an article opposing interracial marriage. He tried to justify his views claiming that multiracial children should be avoided because they will suffer discrimination. This led to several accusations of racism and misogyny. Religious intolerance

<mask> has been criticised, especially after the 'kicking of the saint'

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 incident in which UCKG bishop Sérgio Von Helder, who later left the Church, kicked a Catholic icon in a TV program, for which he was later imprisoned for two years.He also authored a book called Orixás, Caboclos and Guias in which he attacks Afro-Brazilian religion, accusing it of Satanism and "the root of all of Brazil's troubles". The book was first prohibited as hate speech, but after legal efforts from <mask>'s church it was allowed for the sake of free speech. Status of women

<mask> <mask> stated in a 2019 sermon that daughters should not be allowed to seek out higher education, because if they do they will be "smarter than their husbands", and that he personally would not allow his daughters to go to college because he believes that an educated woman cannot have a happy marriage: "When they [my daughters] went out, I said they would just go to high school and they wouldn't go to college. My wife supported me, but the relatives found it absurd. Why don't you go to college? Because if you graduate from a particular profession, you will serve yourself, you will work for yourself. But I don’t want that, you came to serve God.Because if (…) she was a doctor and had a high degree of knowledge and found a boy who had a low degree of knowledge, he would not be the head, she would be the head. And if it were the head, it would not serve God's will. I want my daughters to marry a male. A man who has to be head. They have to be head. Because if they are not head their marriage is doomed to failure." Federal Justice indictment

<mask> <mask> was indicted by the Federal Justice for import of equipment and use of public documents and legal proceedings, but not convicted.Ten years later he was prosecuted again by the prosecutors of the State of São Paulo. On October 19, 2010 the São Paulo Justice Court (TJ-SP) annulled all accusations made by the São Paulo Public Ministry against the UCKG

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 and its principal representatives by a majority vote. The judges deemed that the São Paulo prosecutors did not have jurisdiction to investigate the case, as the accusations were of a type that fell into the federal jurisdiction. Companies

<mask> also leads Rede Record (the second biggest television network in Brazil), Rede Família, Record News, Line Records, 64 radio stations of Rede Aleluia and Universal Produções. Books

Ten million copies of evangelical books by <mask> have been sold, and over 34 titles published. Titles include Orixás, Caboclos and Guias and In the Footsteps of Jesus, both of which sold more than three million copies in Brazil. He has also sold his trilogy called Nada a perder (Nothing to lose), with millions of copies sold worldwide.He has written several religious books including the polemical best-seller Orixás, Caboclos e Guias, Deuses ou Demônios. Movies
His broadcasting company Record financed the 2018 movie Nada a perder (Nothing to Lose) about <mask>'s life, which is based on his autobiography. Reviews were negative, called it a glorification. Tickets were given out free of charge at the churches to make it a box office success, a practice already known from a previous movie by Record, The Ten Commandments: The Movie. A film version of <mask>'s autobiography, named Nada a Perder (Nothing to Lose) like the book, was released in 2018, with massive attendances claimed and massive exaggeration reported. A sequel was released in August 2019. See also
The Bishop – revealed history of <mask> <mask>: biography

References

External links
 Bispo <mask> – Edir Macedo's website

1945 births
Brazilian television evangelists
Living people
Former Roman Catholics
Brazilian Pentecostal pastors
Universal Church of the Kingdom of God
Prosperity theologians
Brazilian mass media owners
Brazilian billionaires
Converts to Pentecostal denominations
Critics of the Catholic

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<mask> (born 1945) is an American philosopher and psychologist notable for his studies in epistemology and the theory of reflexivity, and for his work on the psychology of human aggression and destructiveness, and the shortcomings of psychological normality. His findings challenge the assumption that psychological normality should serve as a standard for good mental health. He is the author or editor of more than 20 books and research monographs as well as many papers published in professional journals in the fields of epistemology, psychology, mathematical logic, and philosophy of science. Biography
<mask> was born in Mexico City. He is the son of American author and artist <mask> and his wife, American poet <mask>. <mask> received his B.A. in 1965 from Raymond College, an Oxford-style honors college of the University of the Pacific, his M.A.in philosophy in 1968 from the University of California, Santa Barbara, his Ph.D. in philosophy in 1971 from the Université de Paris, and later engaged in postdoctoral study in clinical psychology at Saint Louis University, 1975–77, and Washington University in St. Louis, 1983-84. Prior to high school, <mask> attended schools both in the United States and in Mexico while his father undertook a study of some 350 haciendas throughout Mexico. <mask> showed exceptional aptitude, skipping a grade in grammar school, attending college concomitantly while still in high school, and completing his undergraduate degree in three years, followed by a succession of scholarships and fellowships during undergraduate and graduate study. <mask> served as professor at the University of Florida, 1971–72, and at the University of

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 Hartford, 1972–74; was appointed research fellow at the Max-Planck-Institut zur Erforschung der Lebensbedingungen der wissenschaftlich-technischen Welt in Starnberg, Germany, 1974–75; served as consultant for the RAND-National Science Foundation Project in Regional Analysis and Management of Environmental Systems, 1975–78; served as professor at Saint Louis University, 1975–84; was Associate Editor of The Modern Schoolman, 1975–84, Member of the Advisory Board of the Dutch journal Methodology and Science, 1976–95, Member of the Global Advisory Board of Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies, 2005- ; and has received honorary faculty appointments at Willamette University, 1988- , and at Oregon State University, 1988- . <mask> is Trustee and Director of Publications for the international non-profit organization, Literary Olympics, Inc., 1994- . He is married to Karen Margo <mask> (Germanist, cellist, and viola da gambist), daughter of Shirley Love and physicist Allan W. Love, designer of the antenna line feed for the Arecibo Observatory's radio telescope. Recognition and importance
Bartlett has received recognition in both disciplines of philosophy and psychology.He is the author or editor of more than 20 books and research monographs, and many papers published in professional journals. His research has been funded under grants by the National Science Foundation, the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, the Alliance Française, the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Lilly Endowment, and others. His work in both disciplines has been supported by well-known authors and researchers including Paul

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 Ricoeur, Robert Hutchins, Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker, Thomas Szasz, M. Scott Peck, Irving Greenberg, and others. <mask>'s work has been translated into German, Portuguese, French, and Polish. (Career Oriented Values Education) research and development grant for university-level curriculum development in problem-solving, Saint Louis University, 1975–77; American Association for the Advancement of Science grant and National Science Foundation Chautauqua fellow, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, 1976–77; Saint Louis University, Beaumont Faculty Research Award, 1977; Outstanding Young Man of America Award, 1978; Saint Louis University citation for research, 1978; Willamette University, honorary research faculty appointment in psychology and philosophy, 1988- ; Oregon State University, honorary faculty appointment, professor of philosophy, 1988- . Principal areas of research
As described in further detail in the sections that follow, <mask>'s research and publications can be divided into two main groups: studies in philosophy and studies in clinical psychology. In philosophy, his research has focused on the theory of reflexivity, self-referential argumentation, and the metatheory of reference and identification.In clinical psychology, his research has focused on human pathology as it is expressed in genocide, the Holocaust, war, terrorism, obedience, hatred, human ecological destruction, and human conceptual pathology. In addition, <mask>'s research in clinical psychology has sought to develop our understanding of what he calls human moral intelligence, as well as of the psychology of peer review and editorial bias, the

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 phenomenology of hatred, the psychology of mediocrity, and the psychology of stupidity. He has challenged the conventional understanding and treatment of mental disorders as promoted by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. <mask>'s publishing record and biographical information show that his work developed during the following approximate periods:
 1964-1974, studies in phenomenology
 1975-1988, studies relating to the metalogic of reference
 1989-2011, studies relating to clinical psychology
 2012-  , further work relating to the metalogic of reference

Research and publications in philosophy

Phenomenology and the elimination of conceptual error
Beginning with <mask>'s doctoral dissertation, whose doctoral jury members were French philosopher Paul Ricoeur (dissertation director), Belgian mathematical logician Jean Ladrière, and Belgian philosopher Alphonse de Waehlens, <mask> developed an approach to the study of philosophical problems by means of a therapy for concepts. The approach took the form of a self-validating phenomenological epistemology whose purpose is the identification and correction of many conceptually self-undermining errors that <mask> classified as conceptual pathologies. He applied the resulting methodology to a number of traditionally understood epistemological problems, as well as to portions of everyday, conventional conceptual vocabulary, to show that many of these must be recognized to be self-referentially inconsistent. He characterized the resulting methodology as self-validating in the sense that it cannot not be accepted without self-referential inconsistency.Studies of the metalogic of reference and

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 conceptual therapy
<mask> first formulated his revisionary methodology within a phenomenological framework in which the concept of reference plays a logically primitive role; he later separated his approach to conceptual therapy from phenomenology. This took the form of a theoretically neutral metalogic of reference. In 2021, <mask>'s most extensive and complex work in philosophy was published, Critique of Impure Reason: Horizons of Possibility and Meaning. This massive study of nearly 900 pages develops and extends his earlier work relating to conceptual therapy and the metalogic of reference. Its principal objective is to formulate a logically compelling method that makes it possible to recognize the unavoidable boundaries -- <mask> calls these the "horizons" -- of our conceptual frameworks so we may avoid the conceptual confusions that result when attempts are made to transgress beyond what is possible and meaningful. The Critique of Impure Reason then applies the method to a wide group of conceptually basic concepts (for example, space, time, causality, consciousness, the self, other minds, etc.) that play a central role in major philosophical questions and problems, and many of which are also relied upon in ordinary thinking and are used in the formulation of many scientific theories

Studies of reflexivity
<mask> has contributed to the field of study the general theory of reflexivity, which investigates the properties of systems capable of self-reference.As <mask> has described, there are many such systems, ranging from reflexive formal systems in mathematics and in mathematical logic, to self-referential systems in artificial intelligence and the

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 theory of computation, to self-referential systems that are physiologically based — an advanced example being that of human self-awareness and the capacity to reflect on that awareness. Secondary applications arise in connection with breakdowns in reflexive functioning found in certain psychopathologies. Research and publications in clinical psychology
Bartlett's studies relating to clinical psychology have focused on the following areas:

The psychology of human aggression and destructiveness
In 2005, <mask>'s book The Pathology of Man: A Study of Human Evil was published. The 200,000-word study applies the science of pathology to the human species in order to identify and describe many dispositionally-based pathologies that afflict our species, often without our awareness. A central purpose of the book is to bring together and discuss the work of twentieth century psychologists, psychiatrists, ethologists, psychologically-focused historians, and others who have studied the underlying psychology of human aggression and destructiveness. The conclusions of the study emphasize that human pathology has many originating factors, that people obtain varied cognitive and emotional gratifications from such pathology, and that human pathology is a normal human condition and is therefore generally intractable, at least at this stage of human development. <mask> describes how deficits in what he defines as moral intelligence combine with the psychology of stupidity, which together form major contributors to the psychological shortcomings that result in human pathology.In critical responses to the book, the study was commended by The Journal of Analytical Psychology:


texts: "<mask> is a lucid, painstaking and illuminating writer. This is certainly a classic work of reference in the field." The Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic appraised the book as "a challenging and thought provoking approach that makes a significant contribution to an aspect of human psychopathology that is rarely or so comprehensively addressed." About the book, M. Scott Peck commented: "[T]he study of evil is just beginning and you are a pioneer." Eric Zillmer, Carl R. Pacifico Professor of Neuropsychology at Drexel University, commended the book: "<mask> <mask>'s The Pathology of Man marks the most comprehensive examination of evil to date. Drawing from different fields of study, including psychology and epistemology, <mask> sets out on a Tour de Force of delineating the parameters on human evil.... The resulting text is a most welcome addition to the field and provides for fascinating reading.The Pathology of Man is a timely, scholarly, and important piece of work that should appeal to anyone who is interested in understanding human evil." Author and President of the Jewish Life Network Irving Greenberg commented: "This book is stunning, upsetting, gripping.... [T]he book is a moral act of the highest order. These...comments would be incomplete without mentioning the erudition, the intellectual insight and playfulness, the gallows humor and the self-restraint which deepen and lighten this book." Since the publication of The Pathology of Man, <mask> has published a series of further books and papers related to the same and related subjects. Challenging the standard of psychological normality presupposed by contemporary psychiatry and much clinical

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In 2011, <mask>'s book Normality Does Not Equal Mental Health: The Need to Look Elsewhere for Standards of Good Psychological Health was published. The book examines contemporary psychiatry's and clinical psychology's definition of mental health in terms of the baseline standard of psychological normality. <mask> makes the case that this supposition has come to be accepted uncritically — even though that supposition is fundamental to current clinical theory and practice, and forms the core of the psychiatric classification system of the DSM (the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), which has become today's diagnostic authority.Normality Does Not Equal Mental Health questions and rejects this central assumption. Among the author's objections to this assumption is the reification by the DSM of syndromes (i.e., equating mere syndromes with real disease entities) despite the absence of an organic basis for the majority of alleged medical disorders. <mask> seeks to offer a constructive revision of what we should accept as a standard for good mental health. A critical assessment by PsychCRITIQUES combined a review of both The Pathology of Man and Normality Does Not Equal Mental Health, evaluating the two books as follows: "Pathology and Normality contain many altogether usefully reframed concepts. [T]he semiotic analysis of nosologies offered in Chapter 2 of Normality [is] a most promising organizing conceptual framework, helpful in understanding the problems with DSM classifications. It could not be more relevant in our times.... I wish everyone would read <mask>'s chapter in Normality on the abuses of peer review and editorial


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 bias (Chapter 7) and adopt his proposed code of conduct for peer reviewers and editors (p. 172).And <mask>'s treatment of relativism, the relativity of frameworks, and human evil in Pathology is absolutely limpid (Chapter 20). These and many other gems are scattered throughout the books. For this reason, and because the books present such an unusual stance that can provoke thoughtful consideration of the accepted truths in psychology, I highly recommend them.... Both books are well written and clearly structured. <mask> follows a regular expository pattern by explaining objectives, logically and systematically developing arguments and conclusions, and presenting frequent summaries. The premises and implications are intellectually easy to grasp, unforgettable, and alarming.... <mask> includes considerations and concepts that are seldom presented elsewhere." Psychotherapy and its effectiveness
Over a period of decades, <mask> has weighed the question whether psychotherapy is truly effective.In 1987, his book When You Don't Know Where to Turn: A Self-Diagnosing Guide to Counseling and Therapy was published and subsequently adopted by the Psychology Today Book Club and the Psychotherapy Book Club. The book presents a self-diagnosing algorithm to help readers identify, based on effectiveness studies, potentially most promising forms of therapeutic care. The algorithm takes into account individual symptoms, circumstances, personality, and life goals. The book was followed by the publication of the author's summary appraisal of the effectiveness of psychotherapy, about which psychiatrist Thomas Szasz, a long-time critic of psychiatry, commented: "It is one of


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 the best, if not the best, that I have read on this subject." Similarly, psychologist Hans H. Strupp, who has extensively studied the effectiveness of psychotherapy, commented: "I find myself in substantial agreement with [<mask>'s] major points which are well stated." The psychology of higher education and burn-out among liberal arts faculty
<mask> studied these issues in a series of published papers that seek to explain faculty demoralization that can result from deteriorating conditions affecting the state of higher education in America. The psychology of animal rights
Bartlett published a psychological and epistemological analysis of the blocks that prevent the majority of people from recognizing and respecting the sentience of members of other species.The study, "Roots of Human Resistance to Animal Rights: Psychological and Conceptual Blocks," was developed within a legal framework in order to make evident the ways in which human laws have reflected the underlying psychological and conceptual blocks to compassionate treatment of non-human animals. <mask> was later invited by Brazil's Ministry of Education to address the International Congress on Animal Rights, Salvador, Brazil, Oct. 8-11, 2008. For use at the Congress, "Roots of Human Resistance to Animal Rights" was translated into Portuguese and then published. The psychology of creativity
<mask>'s studies relating to the nosology of mental illness and his critique of the assumption that psychological normality should be equated with good mental health led him to examine the psychology of creative individuals. The psychology of artists and other highly creative people has been studied from the


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 diagnostic perspective of DSM's psychiatric classification of mental disorders, with the result that some outstanding creative individuals may be considered to have various degrees of psychopathology. <mask> has argued that this is not only short-sighted, but it questionably presumes that the psychology of normality should serve as arbiter for mentally healthy emotional, aesthetic, and cognitive characteristics and abilities. In a group of further publications, <mask> has described in detail how it is possible to enrich and deepen our understanding of both the psychology of creativity and the psychology of normality.Psychological studies of philosophy
With training and research in psychology and philosophy, <mask> has undertaken a psychological examination both of philosophy as a discipline and of philosophers as a psychologically characterizable group. Related to this work, <mask> has sought to identify and describe "epistemological intelligence" as a distinguishable variety of human intelligence, one which he explains is especially important to philosophers. In this context, he has sought to understand the challenges posed by the psychological profile of philosophers that can obstruct the development and implementation of the skills associated with epistemological intelligence. References

External links and resources

Biographical resources
 "<mask> <mask>" entry in Contemporary Authors Online. Literature Resource Center. Gale Document Number: GALE H1000305527. Detroit: Gale, 2013.<mask> <mask>, "Short Bio" from Willamette University website. "About the Author," in <mask> <mask>, The Pathology of Man: A Study of Human Evil. Springfield, IL: Charles C.

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 Thomas, 2005, p. 360. "About the Author," in <mask> <mask>, Normality Does Not Equal Mental Health: The Need to Look Elsewhere for Standards of Good Psychological Health. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger Publishers, 2011, p. 309. "About the Author," in
 <mask> <mask>, biographical entry as Member of the Global Advisory Board of Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies. <mask> <mask>, "A Brief Conceptual Autobiography" from Willamette University website.Directory of American Scholars. Vol. 4: Philosophy, Religion, & Law, 1974, 1978, 1982, 1999, 2002.
 Who's Who in U.S. Writers, Editors & Poets. A Biographical Directory, 1988.
 Who's Who in Writers, Editors & Poets. United States & Canada, 1989-1990, 1992-1993, 1995-1996.
 Who's Who in the 21st Century, 2002. 2000 Outstanding Intellectuals of the 21st Century, 2001.2000 Outstanding Scholars of the 21st Century, 2000. 5000 Personalities of the World, 1997.
 International Authors and Writers Who's Who, 1991. Selected books and papers
 A Relativistic Theory of Phenomenological Constitution: A Self-referential, Transcendental Approach to Conceptual Pathology. Doctoral dissertation, Université de Paris, 2 vols., 834 pages: Vol. I in French, and Vol. II in English. VALIDITY: A Learning Game Approach to Mathematical Logic.An academic learning game for use in university-level classes in mathematical logic, including both propositional and predicate calculi. "Phenomenology of the Implicit." Describes the author's transition from phenomenology to studies of the preconditions of reference. "Fenomenologia Tego – Co Implikowane." A Polish translation of the author's "Phenomenology of the Implicit." Conceptual Therapy: An

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texts: Introduction to Framework-relative Epistemology. A text applying <mask>'s self-validating approach to conceptual analysis.Reflexivity: A Source Book in Self-Reference. An edited collection of 33 papers by authors who have contributed to this area of study, including Fitch, Smullyan, Prior, Rescher, van Fraassen, Johnstone, Boyle, <mask>, and others. "The Problem of Psychotherapeutic Effectiveness." A paper describing the main determinants of the effectiveness of psychotherapy. "Roots of Human Resistance to Animal Rights: Psychological and Conceptual Blocks." The paper examines a variety of blocks that originate in human psychology and in common ways of thinking, blocks that obstruct our recognition of and respect for both the individual consciousness and the legal rights of non-human animals. "Raízes da resistência humana aos direitos dos animais: Bloqueios psicológicos e conceituais."Daniel Braga Lourenço (Portuguese trans.). A translation into Portuguese of the preceding paper. When You Don't Know Where to Turn: A Self-diagnosing Guide to Counseling and Therapy: eBook from Project Gutenberg. Presents an algorithm to aid people in identifying approaches to counseling or therapy likely to be most helpful to them. "The Idea of a Metalogic of Reference". An informal introduction to the approach central to <mask>'s epistemology. "Referential Consistency as a Criterion of Meaning".In this paper, <mask> formulates what he calls a "self-validating" criterion of meaning. By this he means a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition of meaning that is logically compelling in the sense that this criterion of meaning cannot not be accepted without bringing about a


texts: form of self-referential consistency that undermines the very possibility of meaning. <mask> argues that this "metalogical" variety of self-referential inconsistency comprises a new and distinct kind of self-referential inconsistency, to be distinguished from the philosophically familiar varieties of semantical and pragmatical self-referential inconsistency. "The Role of Reflexivity in Understanding Human Understanding". "Introduction" from <mask> <mask> (Ed. ), Reflexivity: A Source-Book in Self-Reference, pp. 3–18.The Species Problem: Inescapable Ambiguity and Redundancy. Open access monograph available from ArXiv.org, CogPrints, HAL (Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), and PhilSci. In <mask>'s monograph, the "species problem" refers to past efforts, foremost by biologists, to define definitively and objectively what the concept of "species" means. <mask> seeks to demonstrate two central assertions about the species problem: First, he claims that past efforts to define in any compelling way what "species" means have been unsuccessful because they have failed to understand the theoretical impossibility of the task. It is theoretically impossible, he argues, to define in any compelling way what "species" means due to what he calls "the inescapable ambiguity" that is ingredient in the very attempt to reach such a definition. Second, he claims that the solution to the species problem requires what he calls a "framework-relative" approach to species definition. Such an approach, <mask> seeks to demonstrate, is logically compelling in the sense that it cannot not be accepted without inconsistency."The Case for Government by Artificial

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texts: Intelligence". A critical and speculative essay, briefly reviewing <mask>'s previous book-length studies relating to shortcomings of psychological normality, and discussing their possible remediation through government by artificial intelligence. "Paratheism: A Proof That God Neither Exists nor Does Not Exist". <mask> argues that theism, atheism, and agnosticism are all fundamentally incoherent from the standpoint of a logical, epistemological analysis. He formulates a proof that theism, as well as atheism and agnosticism, are equally unacceptable because each is "conceptually self-undermining" and therefore incoherent. Epistemological Intelligence. Open access monograph available from HAL (Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) and PhilPapers.In this monograph, <mask> develops the concept of "epistemological intelligence," which he introduces as a new distinguishable variety of human intelligence. He reports his observations of the psychology of philosophers, and claims that the commonly prevailing psychological profile of philosophers often stands in the way of their ability to develop the skills that define epistemological intelligence. "Mismeasuring Our Lives: The Case against Usefulness, Popularity, and the Desire to Influence Others". In this paper, <mask> examines what he claims are three important and unquestioned presumptions that fundamentally influence contemporary society, our educational system, and the professions. These presumptions are: the high value that is placed on usefulness, on striving for popularity, and on the wish to influence other people. He presents the case against these presumptions which he claims impede the


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 development of human culture. "The Objectivity of Truth, Morality, and Beauty".In this essay, <mask> advances an innovative approach to answer the perennial question whether truth, morality, and beauty have an objective basis. The essay seeks to show how it is possible to associate three varieties of human intelligence—cognitive intelligence, "moral intelligence," and "aesthetic intelligence"—with justifiable objective judgments about truth, morality, and beauty. "America's Upside-down Doctrine of Education: Albert Jay Nock's Theory of What Has Gone Wrong — Or Is It Right?". In this paper, <mask> examines a set of fundamental assumptions about American education that were analyzed and criticized almost a hundred years ago by Albert Jay Nock, an author and theorist of education. Nock's theory of American education points to a need to question these assumptions and, if possible, to support them with evidence. Additional online resources
 A variety of books and papers by <mask> <mask>; some are abstracted and some are archived by PhilPapers. Official website (at Willamette University) A selection of <mask>'s downloadable books, papers, and related commentary and discussion.Library cataloguing information
 Works by <mask> <mask> in the Library of Congress; works listed under the alternative name <mask><mask> in the Library of Congress; works listed under the alternative name <mask> in the Library of Congress. Works by <mask> <mask> in libraries catalogued by WorldCat; works listed under the alternative name <mask><mask> in libraries catalogued by WorldCat. Works by <mask> <mask> catalogued by the University of California libraries; works listed under the

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 alternative name <mask><mask> catalogued by the University of California libraries. 1945 births
20th-century American philosophers
21st-century American philosophers
American psychologists
Humanistic psychologists
American psychology writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
University of California, Santa Barbara alumni
University of Paris alumni
Living people
American expatriates in France
American expatriates in

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<mask> (born 6 January 1974) is a French novelist born in Boulogne-Billancourt, Hauts-de-Seine. He is the son of the singer and songwriter <mask>. Biography

<mask> was born of a long line of artists, singers, actors, writers, he developed a passion at an early young age for opera - he was just ten years old when he discovered his fascination for Richard Wagner. This precocious love led him to the discovery of the theater, then literature. His infatuation for reading quickly gained precedence over his love of music. He grew up among the works and lives of great authors whom he cherished. This passion is almost all-encompassing and was to stay with him for life.He left high school in the year before graduation with the firm intention of becoming a playwright. He enrolled in theater classes - which he followed for three years - in order to better understand the mechanics involved in the art of stage craft and more clearly discern the acting profession. In parallel he engaged in numerous "writing exercises", all aimed at the theater. Unsatisfied, he settled in the country for four years during which he built up his book collection and read voraciously the works of historians. He then left the country to work for two years in Los Angeles, where he wrote scripts for children. He eventually came back to France where he got married and wrote a successful first novel. <mask> <mask> is the father of three children (Aliénor, Gabriel & Victor-Scott).He wrote the tale entitled One Second Before Christmas for them. The "chill winds of the Devil" isolate the small diocese of Draguan, in the county of Toulouse from the rest of the world.

masks:
Romain Sardou
Michel Sardou
Romain Sardou
Romain
Sardou


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 Before the sight of the statue of the Virgin Mary broken by the cold, Romée de Haquin, its bishop, is not far from thinking that a curse is wreaking havoc on his parishes. Everything started when two young girls found the remains of tortured bodies in the river. The savage murder of Haquin leaves the village prey to irrational fears. It is at this point that a mysterious priest, Henno Gui, makes his entrance. Accompanied by a young boy and by a hideously ugly man, he had been summoned by Haquin to take charge of the thirteenth parish of the diocese, Heurteloup.After three days of walking in a forest which is as dark as it is inextricable, the group reaches the entrance of a deserted village. The church is in ruins and many houses are abandoned. Surrounded by foul-smelling marshlands and suspected of carrying the plague, the parish has lived in oblivion for decades. Nobody knows what had happened to its inhabitants. The cursed parish, the thirteenth of the bishopric, is so isolated that its name is often omitted from the maps of the provostship, but it does however interest the highest echelons in Rome. The Holy See is full of rumours, and agitations in the most secret inner circles of the Vatican have had repercussions as far afield as the kingdom of France. Maybe the key to these mysteries can be found in the troubled life of Romée de Haquin, or with Henno Gui, the priest with the strange methods, or found at the very heart of the thirteenth parish?Historical Characters in the Novel

 Pope Martin IV

The Spark of God

Deep beneath Jerusalem, from the beginning of time, lies an object that could change the world: the Spark


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 of God. At least that is what nine knights, willing to risk their lives in the attempt to recover it, believe. And when, in 1099, the long-awaited news of the liberation of Jerusalem comes at last, the knights promise their aid and protection to the thousands of pilgrims who set off for the Holy Land. They set about organising a vast pilgrimage, which will enable them to conceal their true aim. But just before they set off, one of them is murdered. Whether by accident or by design, he leaves a packet of letters about the secret buried deep in the Holy Land - a secret known to King Solomon – for his nephew Cosimo to find. Soon the young man discovers that his uncle had organised everything as if in the knowledge that he would never return from the Holy Land.Why? Cosimo determines to find out. Unbeknownst to everyone, he insinuates himself into one of the groups of pilgrims. What will they be searching for in Jerusalem? And now, imagine that the story of this novel is situated either in the past or in the future. But is it really the past and the future? And if it is, then why does everything happen in the same way?Historical Characters in the Novel

 Bernard of Clairvaux
 Hugues de Payens
 Baldwin II of Jerusalem
 Robert de Craon
 Godfrey de Saint-Omer
 Andre de Montbard

Historical Places in the Novel
Jerusalem
Troyes
Clairvaux Abbey
County of Champagne
Constantinople

See also
Knights Templar
Solomon's Temple
First Crusade
Pilgrimage
Uchronie
Time travel in fiction

One Second before Christmas

How does Santa Claus deliver all his packages at once?.... Where is his factory?… Who makes the gifts?… How does it all really


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 work? These questions about the wonderment and mechanics of Christmas are the farthest thing possible from the thoughts of young Harold on the 16th of October, 1851. Harold is an orphan and street urchin in the sad, gray industrial never-town of Cokecuttle, in Lancashire, England – and he does not suspect the exceptional adventure awaiting him…. Indeed, Harold is about to be called to duty as the new Santa Claus, delivering presents and happiness to his fellow children around the world. He’s given the familiar red suit and a big white beard, too. And he’s set to task.But… how does Santa Claus deliver all those packages in one night? What about the elves and reindeer? Our little Harold will have to find a very quick answer to those questions after all. Places in this Christmas Tale

Lancashire
Equuleus
North Pole
Aberdeenshire

See also

Victorian era
Industrial Revolution
Child labor
Chimney sweep

References
XO Editions
Susana Lea Associates
Random House

External links
 <mask> <mask>’s Website

1974 births
Living people
People from Boulogne-Billancourt
Writers from Île-de-France
French historical novelists
French science fiction writers
21st-century French novelists
French male novelists
21st-century French male

masks: Romain Sardou


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<mask> is an American playwright, theatre artist and teacher. She is best-known for a trio of plays, set during and after the Second World War, known as The Nibroc Trilogy. The initial play of that trilogy, Last Train to Nibroc, was the first play to transfer from FringeNYC to Off-Broadway (the second to do so was the hit musical Urinetown). Other works for which she is known include a one-act dramatic work about the aftermath of a sexual assault, I Dream Before I Take the Stand; a one-act musical drama set among the members of a Shaker community in the 19th Century, As It Is in Heaven; and a Holocaust-themed work, Letters to Sala, based on actual documents. She has also created plays for young audiences. Her work has won many awards. From The Nibroc Trilogy,  Last Train to Nibroc received a 2000 New York Drama League Best Play nomination, See Rock City won the In the Spirit of America Award, and Gulf View Drive received L.A. Weekly and Ovation Award nominations, as well as the 2018 Ovation Award for Best Production at the Rubicon Theatre.She is a three-time winner of the Samuel French Short Play Festival, and eight-time finalist for the Heideman Award at Actors Theatre of Louisville. <mask> has received critical acclaim for her plays, which have been compared to the works of Horton Foote,  William Inge, Jane Austen and Lanford Wilson, among others. Of her, one journalist wrote, "In an era when playwrights are a vanishing species and Disney dominates Broadway, [<mask>] has fashioned a remarkable place for herself." Early life, education and playwriting career
Born in Louisiana, <mask> was raised in Sarasota, Florida. Her parents were both college professors

masks:
Arlene Hutton
Hutton
Hutton
Hutton


texts: with roots in Eastern Kentucky, which is partly the setting of her best-known and most-acclaimed work, The Nibroc Trilogy (Last Train to Nibroc, See Rock City and Gulf View Drive), though her work is not directly autobiographical. <mask> majored in theatre arts at Rollins College, a private liberal arts college in Winter Park, Florida. Her experience at Rollins included acting, directing, and costuming.After graduating from Rollins, she went to Asolo Conservatory at Florida State University (FSU), where she received an MFA in theatre. In the 1990s, <mask> wrote her first play, I Dream Before I Take the Stand. She has several times described herself as the "accidental playwright," because, according to her, she was only moved to write plays to create better roles for herself than those of the plays in which she'd been appearing. In 1995, she took several one-act plays, including I Dream Before I Take the Stand, to the Edinburgh Fringe in Edinburgh, Scotland to be staged. At the festival, her plays were favorably reviewed. When Last Train to Nibroc premiered in New York, it attracted so much attention that it transferred to an off-Broadway venue. Eventually, she gave up acting to concentrate completely on playwriting.She credits Tennessee Williams and Lanford Wilson as among her major inspirations. <mask>'s artist's residencies have included Access Theatre, the Australian National Playwrights Conference, the New Harmony Project, Blue Mountain Center, Greenville Centre Stage's New Play Festival, the MacDowell Colony, Yaddo and Winterthur. <mask> is an alumna of New Dramatists and a member of Ensemble Studio Theatre, the National Theatre Conference and The

masks: Hutton Hutton Hutton Hutton


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 Dramatists Guild. Plays

The Nibroc Trilogy

Background
Last Train to Nibroc, the first part of <mask>'s best-known work, The Nibroc Trilogy, was inspired by her learning, from a book about S.J. Perelman, that the legendary writers F. Scott Fitzgerald and Nathaniel West, Perelman's brother-in-law, had not only died within a day of one another in 1940, but that their corpses may very well have been shipped back for burial to the East Coast on the same train. The title of the play refers to Corbin, Kentucky – her parents' state of origin – where the real-life annual Nibroc Festival is held ("Nibroc" is Corbin spelled backwards). Despite <mask>'s expectation while writing it that the play would not be popular, Last Train to Nibroc turned out to be the playwright's most frequently-produced play, having received about 100 productions to date.Critical reception of the individual plays and the trilogy
The New York Times critic, D.J.R. Bruckner wrote: "'Last Train' is not about events; it is about character. And when you leave this performance after 90 minutes of seeing these people reveal depths of feelings they are trying to hide, you might think you could easily enjoy another few hours of this." Chris Jones of Chicago Tribune awarded Last Train to Nibroc four stars, writing that it "most closely recalls the work of Horton Foote, although <mask> is very much her own writer." David C. Nichols of the Los Angeles Times observed that "Had <mask> <mask> been around during Broadway's golden age, her finely wrought plays might rank with those of William Inge or Horton Foote." In a review of See Rock City, Philip Brandes of the Los Angeles Times wrote "With so many dramas

masks: Hutton Hutton Hutton Arlene Hutton


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 these days built around bad behavior — the worse the better, it seems — it's a downright anomaly to come across a genuinely compelling story about ordinary people trying to do their best." In his review of Gulf View Drive, directed by Katherine Farmer, which won an Ovation Award for Best Production at the Rubicon Theatre, Brandes wrote that the third play "thoroughly satisfies on its own merits."However, Marilyn Stasio of Variety wrote that the play covers so much socio-historical ground that it "tends to sag from the weight of its responsibilities. But the spine of the central relationship holds it up." Eric ReeL (sic) observes that "<mask>'s trilogy… is not only a work that captures a period in our history, and the timeless story of a young couple living through that history, but she has captured the essence of an entire era in the history of American theatre." Stasio believes that the three plays will attract audiences looking for "'event theater' that eschews flashy effects, demanding instead a long-term commitment to deserving characters caught up in trying circumstances." Gina Bellafante in The New York Times calls the three parts of the work "exquisitely quiet, gently reaching plays" that "ought to be seen by anyone who doubts the capacity of front porch drama to tell a meaningful story beyond its own perimeters." I Dream Before I Take the Stand

Background
<mask>'s first play, I Dream Before I Take the Stand, about a woman facing a hostile interrogator concerning a sexual assault incident in which she was the victim, was first performed, as noted above, at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival in 1995. The work has since received many professional productions,

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 as well as amateur stagings, and has been anthologized in the collection The Best American Short Plays 1998-1999.Reception
The List (Edinburgh, Scotland) called I Dream Before I Take the Stand "a feminist classic." The New Jersey Independent called it "a riveting piece of theatre. The writing is pithy and fierce." The critic for New York Newsday wrote that the play had "David Mamet overtones, but far more sympathy for the female victim enduring a nightmare quizzing than Mamet ever musters." Since 2017, <mask>'s play has received particular attention with the rise of the #MeToo movement protesting sexual harassment and sexual assault. In April 2018, a group of Pittsfield High School students chose the play because they considered it particularly timely. The production inspired an editorial in The Berkshire Eagle that considered the issue of sexual assault as it relates to young people.As It Is in Heaven

Background
As It Is in Heaven, a play with an all-female cast, was first performed at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival in 2001. A production was scheduled to open at off-Broadway's 78th Street Theatre Lab in New York City on September 13 of that year. Two days prior, the September 11 attacks occurred, and on that night, the cast members responded by rehearsing the Shaker hymns performed in the play. The production later opened as planned. In 2008, the play was performed in Shakertown, in Pleasant Hill, Kentucky, the place that had first inspired it, and it was revived in New York in 2011. Critical reception
Calling <mask> "one of the most richly humane voices in contemporary theater," F. Kathleen Foley of The Los Angeles Times described As It Is in Heaven as


texts:
 "amusing, intellectually stimulating and moving – a beautifully crafted piece that will endure." Reviewing the original New York production, Brooke Pierce of TheaterMania noted that the "90-minute, bare bones production... is moved along smoothly... to its satisfying and inspiring conclusion."The critic of The Village Voice, Alexis Soloski, noted that "the scenes of the women working and living together are wonderful for their very Shaker-like qualities: simplicity, unpretentiousness, attention to detail," although Soloski claims that the playwright "weaves in a dramatic arc that never seems as finely worked as the rest of the play." Anita Gates in The New York Times, reviewing the New York revival, described As It Is in Heaven as a "modest, strangely moving one-act," which "is also an unexpected patchwork of high and low cultural influences," including The Age of Innocence, The Crucible and even The Book of Mormon. Letters to Sala

Background
Letters to Sala was derived from letters owned by Sala Garncarz Kirschner, a Polish Jewish woman who, beginning at age 16, spent five years in Nazi labor camps and kept letters and other messages she received in the camps carefully hidden from the Nazis. Her daughter, writer Ann Kirschner, was moved to write a book about the letters, Sala's Gift: My Mother's Holocaust Story. The original short play was presented at the New York Public Library to accompany an exhibition of Sala's letters. Kirschner, theatre director Lawrence Sacharow and <mask> then began collaborating on a full-length version of the play, a project that survived Sacharow's death from leukemia. The full play was performed at Rollins, <mask>'s alma mater,


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 in 2011, under the direction of <mask>'s longtime
collaborator Eric Nightengale, with Sala and her husband, Sidney, present in the audience.Critical reception
For a 2007 workshop of the play in Tucson, Arizona, a critic wrote, "I found myself just listening to the letters being read by the various actors and forgetting they actually were playing roles in a play. It was the richness of the written word that intrigued me." The critic for the Orlando Sentinel, reviewing the Rollins College production, noted that "in places the play seems like a poem... a moving, timeless, beautiful poem," though he expressed reservations about "a slight imbalance in the dual stories, with too much emphasis on the modern family's quarrel." In a review of the Barrow Group performance of the play, critic R. Jones wrote that the play was written "with loving grace" and noted that "there was always a spark of hope in the bright young eyes of Sala... That is the beauty and the magic of Letters to Sala." Other plays
Other plays for adults written by <mask> include:
 The Three Sisters Brontë, a drama about the Brontë sisters inspired by Anton Chekhov's classic, The Three Sisters, in which the sisters "struggle to find creative prosperity while navigating the harsh realities of male society." Running, a play set against the New York City Marathon. A New York Times writer praised <mask> for her "fine ear for the fits and starts of conversation" and noted that the "loose, thinking-it-through-as-we-go quality [of the play] is part of its charm."Vacuum, a drama about a scientist who may have found the cure for cancer. According to one critic, the play is "filled with great characters and very

masks: Hutton Hutton Hutton


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 profound ethical undertones" and "exceeds… what you can normally expect" of FringeNYC. Five short plays: Studio Portrait, Houseplay, At the Tone, Friends for Life and The Price You Pay. <mask> has also written the following plays for young audiences:
 Happy Worst Day Ever: Commissioned by Cincinnati Playhouse, the play won the Macy's 2010 New Play Prize. Kissed the Girls and Made Them Cry. Working alongside other playwrights, including Craig Pospisil, <mask> co-wrote the ensemble plays:
 The Gorges Motel: which premiered at the 20th annual New York International Fringe Festival; and
 One Christmas Eve at Evergreen Mall. which premiered at the 21st annual New York International Fringe Festival]].Both plays are published by Dramatists Play Service. Two two-character short plays by <mask> have been produced for Internet podcast on the playingonair.org website: Last Train to Nibroc (see above), featuring Mamie Gummer and Gregg Mozgala and directed by John Rando, and Closing Costs, featuring Amy Ryan and Michael Stuhlbarg and directed by Gaye Taylor Upchurch. Teaching
<mask> has served as an adjunct professor at Fordham University, as both a Tennessee Williams Fellow and faculty member at Sewanee: The University of the South, and as a Visiting Assistant Professor of Playwriting at the College of Charleston. She currently (as of 2019) teaches playwriting at The Barrow Group School in New York. Awards and honors
In addition to the above-mentioned honors and awards, <mask> received a New Play Festival Best Play honorable mention at the Chattanooga Theatre Center for Letters to Sala, the Lippmann and Calloway Awards (as playwright) from New Dramatists, and a

masks: Hutton Hutton Hutton Hutton Hutton


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 Francesca Primus Prize finalist designation from the American Theatre Critics Association. The playwright has twice received The Tennessee Williams fellowship from The University of the South and the NYSCA/NYFA Artist Fellowship in 2016 from the New York Foundation for the Arts, as well as fellowships from the William Inge Center for the Arts and the South Carolina Arts Commission. She also received an EST/Sloan Commission (for the play Maria Sybilla) from Ensemble Studio Theatre.In 2017, <mask> was commissioned by The Big Bridge Theatre Consortium (BBTC), a consortium of university theatre departments across the country, committed to developing new plays dedicated to peace and interfaith dialogue. She was the first playwright ever to be so honored. Publications
<mask>'s works have been published by Dramatists Play Service, Samuel French, Dramatic Publishing and Playscripts. Her plays have been frequently anthologized. References

Notes

Citations

External links

<mask> <mask> NPX - New Play Exchange (subscription required for download)
'Accidental playwright' returns to area with `See Rock City' (Orlando Sentinel)
'Closing Costs' (podcast) by <mask> <mask>

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American dramatists and playwrights
American theatre

masks: Hutton Hutton Arlene Hutton Arlene Hutton


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<mask> (born 1951) is an American book editor, author, college coach, broadcaster, and former professional baseball player. He is the son of Hall of Fame Sportscaster <mask>. He is currently Senior Executive Editor at Large with Kevin Anderson and Associates and hosts "The Sports Edge" on WFAN Sports Radio. Playing career
<mask> was drafted after his junior year at Harvard as a second baseman by the Detroit Tigers in the 33rd round of the 1972 amateur draft. A top athlete at Edgemont High School (Scarsdale, NY) where he set numerous records in football and baseball, <mask> was an Atlantic Collegiate Baseball League All-Star and, as a sophomore, played in the College World Series in Omaha, Nebraska. After signing with the Tigers, <mask> played for the Anderson (SC) Tigers in the Western Carolinas League, where he hit .246 with one home run and 26 runs batted in. The following year, <mask> played for the Clinton (IA) Pilots in the Midwest League.He hit .229 with one home run and 25 RBI. Coaching career
<mask> served as an assistant baseball coach at Pace University (Pleasantville, NY) in 1977. From there, he was hired to be the head baseball coach at Mercy College (Dobbs Ferry, NY), and was there from 1978-1985. By the end of his tenure, the Flyers were nationally ranked in NCAA Div. II, and several of <mask>'s players went on to professional careers. <mask> was inducted into the Mercy College Sports Hall of Fame in 2005. In 1986-1988, <mask> worked for ESPN, doing color commentary on college baseball games, including the 1986 College World Series.He also worked for the MSG Network covering Big East baseball. In 1989, <mask> was hired to serve as a roving sports psychology coach by the Cleveland Indians. He was on their staff for five years, and was

masks:
Rick Wolff
Bob Wolff
Wolff
Wolff
Wolff
Wolff
Wolff
Wolff
Wolff
Wolff
Wolff


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 awarded a championship ring when the Indians won the American League pennant in 1995. After baseball
<mask> pursued his writing and editorial career soon after stepping down as an active player. He has written numerous books on a variety of subjects, and hundreds of magazine articles. His byline has routinely appeared in The New York Times, the Harvard Business Review, Harvard Magazine, Sports Illustrated, Sport, USA TODAY, Publishers Weekly, Psychology Today, and many more. Perhaps his most read magazine article ran in Sports Illustrated when, at the age of 38, <mask> returned to the minor leagues as an active player for the South Bend White Sox (Midwest League).Over three games, he went 4-for-7 with 3 RBI and a double. His .571 average was the highest among all players in the White Sox organization that year, and <mask> was awarded a championship ring as the South Bend won the league title that season. Building off his interest in the field of sports psychology, <mask> has become an expert on sports parenting issues. He was the co-founder of the Center for Sports Parenting (2005-2011), and has hosted The Sports Edge, a show dedicated to sports parenting issues, on WFAN Radio in New York City since 1998. <mask> was also a co-founder of the Peekskill Robins baseball team (Atlantic Collegiate Baseball League) in 2002. Publishing career

<mask> has edited and published for a number of bestselling authors in a variety of genres. In 2021, <mask> joined Kevin Anderson and Associates, where he serves as Senior Executive Editor at Large.Before joining Kevin Anderson and Associates, Wolf served as Senior Executive Editor of a new business book imprint at Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Prior to landing at HMH, he was a Vice President, Executive Editor of Grand

masks:
Wolff
Wolff
Wolff
Wolff
Wolff
Rick Wolff
Wolff


texts: Central Publishing which is part of Hachette Book Group USA. He joined this house in 1993, after being at Macmillan/Collier for eight years as a senior editor. In 2001, <mask> founded the Warner Business Book imprint. Since its inception, Warner Business (now known as Business Plus) has posted close to four dozen bestselling titles on the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, and Business Week bestseller lists. A few of <mask>'s bestselling authors include former General Electric CEO Jack Welch (JACK: Straight from the Gut, which was on the New York Times Nonfiction Bestseller list for six months); personal finance guru Robert Kiyosaki (Rich Dad Poor Dad, which was on the New York Times Bestseller list for close to seven years); famed golfer Tiger Woods (How I Play Golf); former Secretary of the Treasury Hank Paulson writing about the 2008 financial crisis (On the Brink), Stanford University professor Robert Sutton's provocative management bestsellers (The No Asshole Rule and Good Boss, Bad Boss); Ted Turner's autobiography (Call Me Ted), humorists James Finn Garner (Politically Correct Bedtime Stories), Bill Geist (Little League Confidential); long-time Ohio politico John Kasich (Stand for Something); Japan-based journalist Robert Whiting (You Gotta Have Wa); economist Stephen Leeb (The Coming Economic Collapse); US Navy Captain Mike Abrashoff (It's Your Ship); and retirement expert Doug Andrew (Missed Fortune 101). <mask> also acquires narrative non-fiction, including the critically acclaimed Little Pink House by Jeff Benedict, which focused on the controversial U. S. Supreme Court eminent domain case of Susette Kelo; an extraordinary World War II story entitled A Tale of Two Subs by Jonathan McCullough, and The Accountant's Story by Roberto Escobar,

masks: Wolff Wolff Wolff


texts: the surviving brother (and accountant) of Pablo Escobar's Medellin drug cartel, and Righteous Indignation by conservative journalist Andrew Breitbart.<mask> acquired the memoir of long-time CBS anchorman Dan Rather. <mask> is also well known for his passion for sports books. In addition to Tiger Woods, some of <mask>'s other bestselling sports authors include Duke University basketball coach Mike Krzyzewski, Bo Schembechler, Roger Angell, Roger Kahn, Jim Murray, Peter Golenbock, Grant Hill, Keyshawn Johnson, UConn's Geno Auriemma, Pete Rose, Jeff Benedict (Pros and Cons: The Criminals Who Play in the NFL), Mike Sowell (The Pitch That Killed); and Travis Roy (11 Seconds). In his days at Macmillan, <mask> served as the editor of The Baseball Encyclopedia for three editions. During his tenure, he updated many of the key batting statistics that had become inaccurate over time, and he also added new feature to this classic volume which featured players and their statistics of many of the top Negro leagues players and also the top players from the All-American Woman’s Professional Baseball League. <mask> has also penned a number of sports titles himself, his most recent effort being a collaboration with Hall of Famer Cal Ripken, Jr on sports parenting (Parenting Young Athletes the Ripken Way, which was published by Gotham Books in 2006). On the humor side, <mask>'s writing efforts have included Golf Dirty Tricks (Andrews McMeel) and the parody Sports Illstated (Andrews McMeel).With fiction, <mask> has guided the writing careers of several top authors, including Matthew Klein (Con Ed), David Fisher (The Good Guys), and Tim Green, who has written several bestselling thrillers (The Letter of the Law, Fifth Angel, Exact Revenge, The First 48, The Fourth

masks: Wolff Wolff Wolff Wolff Wolff Wolff Wolff


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 Perimeter). A magna cum laude graduate of Harvard University in 1974, <mask>'s first book (What's A Nice Harvard Boy Like You Doing in the Bushes?) was a diary of his minor league baseball life and was published by Prentice-Hall. That unique writing experience ultimately led to his pursuit of a career in publishing. List of books authored
Good Sports: A Concerned Parent's Guide to Little League and Other Competitive Youth Sports
Coaching Kids for Dummies
Game Day Baseball: The Player's Companion
What's a Nice Harvard Boy Like You Doing in the Bushes? Parenting Young Athletes the Ripken Way: Ensuring the Best Experience for Your Kids in Any Sport (co-authored with Cal Ripken, Jr.)
Playing Better Baseball
Golf Dirty Tricks (co authored by Jim Becker, Andy Mayer and Barrie Maguire)
Ted Williams (Baseball Legends)
Sports Parenting (Training Camp Guide to)
Brooks Robinson (Baseball Legends)
Sports Parenting Edge
A Thing or Two About Soccer (co authored with Michael Teitelbaum and James Buckley)
A Thing Or Two About Baseball (co authored with David Fischer)
A Thing of Two about Golf (co authored with Larry Dennis and James Irwin)
Life for Real Dummies: Life for the Totally Clueless (For Dummies Series) (co authored with Richard Sandomir)
Sports Illustrated: A Parody Issue
Breaking Into the Big Leagues (co authored with Al Goldis)
Baseball...a Laughing Matter! (co authored with Warner Fusselle, Brian Zevnik, Bill Wilson)
The Psychology of Winning Baseball: A Coach's Handbook
The Sports Parenting Edge: The Winning Game Plan for Every Athlete--From T-Ball to College Recruiting

References

Sources
MWLGuide.com

American non-fiction writers
Minor league baseball players
American baseball players
Harvard Crimson baseball players
Long Island University alumni


texts:
<mask> (born October 19, 1951) is an American television journalist, media entrepreneur, author, publisher, and filmmaker who focuses on the changing culture of aging. He is the Founder and CEO of Growing Bolder, a company that produces and distributes health, well-being and active lifestyle content creation for the 50+ demographic. <mask> is a multiple Emmy Award-winning broadcaster, host of the national Growing Bolder TV program, executive producer of the Surviving & Thriving TV program, editor and publisher of Growing Bolder Magazine, and writer, producer and director of the Emmy-nominated documentary film, Conquering Kilimanjaro. <mask> is the author of Growing Bolder, Defy the Cult of Youth, Live with Passion and Purpose and Rock Stars of Aging, 50 Ways to Live to 100. Education
<mask> attended Indian Hill High School in Cincinnati, Ohio and Florida State University in Tallahassee, Florida where he earned a bachelor's degree in Biology. He was captain of the Varsity swimming team and a member of the varsity track team while at Florida State. Career
<mask> is a multiple Emmy Award-winning broadcaster, host of the national Growing Bolder TV program, executive producer of the Surviving & Thriving TV program, editor and publisher of Growing Bolder Magazine, and writer, producer and director of the Emmy-nominated documentary film, Conquering Kilimanjaro.He's been honored with two Southeast Regional Emmy Awards and is a 4-time Emmy Nominee. <mask> was part of a WESH News team that won the prestigious Alfred I. DuPont Award for their coverage of the Columbia shuttle disaster. <mask> is host of the Growing Bolder TV Show seen on PBS stations nationwide and a blogger for Huffington Post. He is a masters swimmer and set a world record in 2010 in the 200 meter freestyle relay with teammates Rowdy Gaines, Scot Weis and Keith Switzer. <mask> and The Growing Bolder Media Group have been named winners of the 2008 Senior Vision Media Award, presented annually by the Florida Council on Aging to the organization that does the most to present a positive image of

masks:
Marc Davis Middleton
Middleton
Middleton
Middleton
Middleton
Middleton
Middleton
Middleton


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 aging. Media career
In 1979, <mask> became acquainted with Mike Leonard, a sports anchor at KOOL-TV in Phoenix, Arizona. With Leonard's help, <mask> produced an on-air audition tape and was hired by WJCL-TV in Savannah, Georgia.Six months later, Leonard was hired by the Today Show opening up an on-air position at KOOL-TV. <mask> was hired and returned to Phoenix as weekend sports anchor. In 1981, <mask> resigned to become Vice President of Broadcasting and play-by-play announcer for the Phoenix Inferno, a Major Indoor Soccer League team. In 1985, <mask> returned to Savannah, Georgia as the Sports Director for WTOC-TV. In 1988, <mask> was hired by WESH-TV in Orlando, Florida as a weekend sports anchor. Two months later, <mask> was named sports director and weekday anchor. <mask> won two Emmy Awards and received multiple Emmy nominations for sports reporting while working with WESH.In 2001, <mask> moved from the sports desk to anchor the early morning and noon newscasts at WESH. He was part of the team awarded the Alfred. I. DuPont Award in 2004 for coverage of the Space Shuttle Columbia Disaster. <mask> covered the 1992 Summer Olympics for NBC News Channel and the 2000 Summer Olympics and 2004 Summer Olympics for Hearst Television. In 2006, <mask> resigned from WESH-TV to launch Growing Bolder. In 2011, <mask> became a featured contributor to HuffPost. In 2009, Growing Bolder TV debuted on WMFE-TV, the local PBS affiliate in Orlando, Florida.In 2010, Growing Bolder is distributed by American Public Television and aired nationally on public broadcasting stations. In 2012, <mask> wrote the Amazon best-selling e-book Rock Stars of Aging, 50 ways to Live to 100. Also in 2012, <mask> executive produced and contributed on-air reporting to Surviving & Thriving, a television program about overcoming major life challenges that launched in 2012 on WKMG-TV in Orlando, winning Emmy nominations its first 4 seasons. In 2014, <mask> successfully summited Mt. Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, Africa with a group of cancer survivors and cancer community advocates. <mask>

masks: Middleton Middleton Middleton Middleton Middleton Middleton Middleton Middleton Middleton Middleton Middleton Middleton Middleton Middleton Middleton Middleton


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 carried a video camera with him shooting the documentary film, Conquering Kilimanjaro. The film aired nationally on the RLTV cable network, received a 2015 Emmy® Nomination and helped raise funds for LiveStrong Foundation.In 2014, Growing Bolder debuts on commercial television on the national cable network, RLTV. In 2015, WKMG-TV in Orlando becomes the flagship station for Surviving and Thriving. In 2016, <mask> won the 2016 Changing the Way the World Ages Award from Home Care Assistance. In 2016, WESH-TV becomes the flagship station for both Surviving and Thriving and Growing Bolder. <mask> received his 5th Emmy nomination in 2016 for the news feature, The Comeback Queen. In 2018, Growing Bolder returned to public broadcasting stations and is also picked up by Create TV Network, expanding its carriage to 385 stations in 166 markets. <mask> won the 2018 American Public Television PitchFest competition and the $75,000 first place prize for a new pledge program concept called Launch Pad to What’s Next.The 90-minute special debuted in late 2018, and was distributed by American Public Television. Books

 Growing Bolder: Defy the Cult of Youth, Live with Passion and Purpose (1st ed.) Rock Stars of Aging (2012)

Films

 Conquering Kilimanjaro

Athletics
After a 37-year layoff, <mask> began swimming again in 2010. He is now a six-time world-record holder, 7-time national champion and a Pan American record holder in masters competition. In 2012, after a 39-year layoff, <mask> competed in his first track finishing third in the 60-meter hurdles at USA Masters National Track and Field Championships in Bloomington, Indiana. Art
A self-taught artist, <mask> creates abstract paintings in his spare time and has lectured at the Atlantic Center for the Arts in New Smyrna Beach, Florida as keynote speaker at a national quilting conference. External links

 Marcmiddleton.com

 <mask> on US Masters Swimming
 <mask> on Growingbolder.com
 <mask> on HuffPost
 <mask> Middleton Delivers Commencement Address

References

Living people
Florida State University alumni
1951

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Bonaventure ( ;  ; 1221 – 15 July 1274), born Giovanni di Fidanza, was an Italian medieval Franciscan, scholastic theologian and philosopher. The seventh Minister General of the Order of Friars Minor, he was also Cardinal Bishop of Albano. He was canonised on 14 April 1482 by Pope Sixtus IV and declared a Doctor of the Church in the year 1588 by Pope Sixtus V. He is known as the "Seraphic Doctor" (). His feast day is 15 July. Many writings believed in the Middle Ages to be his are now collected under the name Pseudo-Bonaventure. Life
He was born at Bagnoregio, not far from Viterbo, then part of the Papal States. Almost nothing is known of his childhood, other than the names of his parents, Giovanni di Fidanza and Maria di Ritella.Bonaventure reports that in his youth he was saved from an untimely death by the prayers of Francis of Assisi, which is the primary motivation for Bonaventure's writing the vita. He entered the Franciscan Order in 1243 and studied at the University of Paris, possibly under Alexander of Hales, and certainly under Alexander's successor, John of Rochelle. In 1253 he held the Franciscan chair at Paris. A dispute between seculars and mendicants delayed his reception as Master until 1257, where his degree was taken in company with Thomas Aquinas. Three years earlier his fame had earned him the position of lecturer on The Four Books of Sentences—a book of theology written by Peter Lombard in the twelfth century—and in 1255 he received the degree of master, the medieval equivalent of doctor. After having


texts: successfully defended his order against the reproaches of the anti-mendicant party, he was elected Minister General of the Franciscan Order. On 24 November 1265, he was selected for the post of Archbishop of York; however, he was never consecrated and resigned the appointment in October 1266.During his tenure, the General Chapter of Narbonne, held in 1260, promulgated a decree prohibiting the publication of any work out of the order without permission from superiors. This prohibition has induced modern writers to pass severe judgment upon Roger Bacon's superiors, who were assumed to be envious of Bacon's abilities. However, the prohibition enjoined on Bacon was a general one, which extended to the whole order. Its promulgation was not directed against him, but rather against Gerard of Borgo San Donnino. In 1254 Gerard had published without permission a heretical work, Introductorius in Evangelium æternum (An Introduction to the Eternal Gospel). Thereupon the General Chapter of Narbonne promulgated their decree, identical with the "constitutio gravis in contrarium" Bacon speaks of. The prohibition was rescinded in Roger's favor unexpectedly in 1266.Bonaventure was instrumental in procuring the election of Pope Gregory X, who rewarded him with the title of Cardinal Bishop of Albano, and insisted on his presence at the great Second Council of Lyon in 1274. There, after his significant contributions led to a union of the Greek and Latin churches, Bonaventure died suddenly and under suspicious circumstances. The 1913 edition of


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 the Catholic Encyclopedia has citations that suggest he was poisoned, but no mention is made of this in the 2003 second edition of the New Catholic Encyclopedia. He steered the Franciscans on a moderate and intellectual course that made them the most prominent order in the Catholic Church until the coming of the Jesuits. His theology was marked by an attempt completely to integrate faith and reason. He thought of Christ as the "one true master" who offers humans knowledge that begins in faith, is developed through rational understanding, and is perfected by mystical union with God. Relics
In the year 1434, 160 years after his death, his body was moved to a new church that was considered more fitting.Upon doing so, the head was found to be entirely incorrupt. "The hair, lips, teeth, and tongue were perfectly preserved and retained their natural colour. The people of Lyons were profoundly affected by this miracle, and they chose Bonaventure for the patron of their city. The movement, already on foot, to obtain his canonization received thereby a new and powerful impetus." However, a century later in 1562, the city of Lyons was captured by Huguenots, who burned Bonaventure's body in the public square. In the nineteenth century during Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution, the urn containing the incorrupt head was hidden, after which the church was razed to the ground. The urn has never been recovered.The only extant relic of Bonaventure is the arm and hand with which he wrote his Commentary on the


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 Sentences, which is now conserved at Bagnoregio, in the parish church of St. Nicholas. Theology and works

Writings
Bonaventure was formally canonised in 1484 by the Franciscan Pope Sixtus IV, and ranked along with Thomas Aquinas as the greatest of the Doctors of the Church by another Franciscan, Pope Sixtus V, in 1587. Bonaventure was regarded as one of the greatest philosophers of the Middle Ages. His works, as arranged in the most recent Critical Edition by the Quaracchi Fathers (Collegio S. Bonaventura), consist of a Commentary on the Sentences of Lombard, in four volumes, and eight other volumes, including a Commentary on the Gospel of St Luke and a number of smaller works; the most famous of which are The Mind's Road to God (Itinerarium mentis in Deum), an outline of his theology or Brief Reading (Breviloquium), Reduction of the Arts to Theology (De reductione artium ad theologiam), and Soliloquy on the Four Spiritual Exercises (Soliloquium de quatuor mentalibus exercitiis), The Tree of Life (Lignum vitae), and The Triple Way (De Triplici via), the latter three written for the spiritual direction of his fellow Franciscans. The German philosopher Dieter Hattrup denies that Reduction of the Arts to Theology was written by Bonaventure, claiming that the style of thinking does not match Bonaventure's original style. His position is no longer tenable given recent research: the text remains "indubitably authentic". A work that for many years was falsely attributed to Bonaventure, De septem itineribus aeternitatis, was


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 actually written by Rudolf von Biberach (c. 1270 – 1329).For Isabelle of France, the sister of King Louis IX of France, and her monastery of Poor Clares at Longchamps, Bonaventure wrote the treatise Concerning the Perfection of Life. The Commentary on the Sentences, written at the command of his superiors when he was twenty-seven, is Bonaventure's major work and most of his other theological and philosophical writings are in some way dependent on it. However, some of Bonaventure's later works, such as the Lectures on the Six Days of Creation, show substantial developments beyond the Sentences. Philosophy

Bonaventure wrote on almost every subject treated by the Scholastics (see Scholasticism,) and his writings are substantial. A great number of them deal with faith in Christ, God and theology. No work of Bonaventure's is exclusively philosophical, a striking illustration of the mutual interpenetration of philosophy and theology that is a distinguishing mark of the Scholastic period. Much of Bonaventure's philosophical thought shows a considerable influence by Augustine of Hippo, so much so that De Wulf considers him the best medieval representative of Augustinianism.Bonaventure adds Aristotelian principles to the Augustinian doctrine, especially in connection with the illumination of the intellect and the composition of human beings and other living creatures in terms of matter and form. Augustine, who had introduced into the west many of the doctrines that would define scholastic philosophy, was a critically important


texts: source of Bonaventure's Platonism. The mystic Dionysius the Areopagite was another notable influence. In philosophy Bonaventure presents a marked contrast to his contemporaries, Roger Bacon, Albert the Great, and Thomas Aquinas. While these may be taken as representing, respectively, physical science yet in its infancy, and Aristotelian scholasticism in its most perfect form, Bonaventure presents the mystical and Platonizing mode of speculation that had already, to some extent, found expression in Hugo and Richard of St. Victor, Alexander of Hales, and in Bernard of Clairvaux. To him, the purely intellectual element, though never absent, is of inferior interest when compared with the living power of the affections or the heart. Like Thomas Aquinas, with whom he shared numerous profound agreements in matters theological and philosophical, he combated the Aristotelian notion of the eternity of the world vigorously (though he disagreed with Aquinas about the abstract possibility of an eternal universe).Bonaventure accepts the neo-Platonic doctrine that "forms" do not exist as subsistent entities, but as ideals or archetypes in the mind of God, according to which actual things were formed; and this conception has no slight influence upon his philosophy. Due to this, physicist and philosopher Max Bernhard Weinstein contended that Bonaventure showed strong pandeistic inclinations. Like all the great scholastic doctors, Bonaventura starts with the discussion of the relations between reason and faith. All the sciences are but the


texts: handmaids of theology; reason can discover some of the moral truths that form the groundwork of the Christian system, but other truths can only be received and apprehended through divine illumination. To obtain this illumination, the soul must employ the proper means, which are prayer; the exercise of the virtues, whereby it is rendered fit to accept the divine light; and meditation that may rise even to ecstatic union with God. The supreme end of life is a union in contemplation or intellect or intense absorbing love; but it cannot be entirely reached in this life, and remains as a hope for the future. Like Aquinas and other notable thirteenth-century philosophers and theologians, Bonaventure believed that it is possible to logically prove the existence of God and the immortality of the soul.He offers several arguments for the existence of God, including versions of Anselm of Canterbury's ontological argument and Augustine's argument from eternal truths. His main argument for the immortality of the soul appeals to humans' natural desire for perfect happiness, and is reflected in C. S. Lewis's argument from desire. Contrary to Aquinas, Bonaventure did not believe that philosophy was an autonomous discipline that could be pursued successfully independently of theology. Any philosopher is bound to fall into serious error, he believed, who lacks the light of faith. A master of the memorable phrase, Bonaventure held that philosophy opens the mind to at least three different routes humans can take on their journey to God.


texts: Non-intellectual material creatures he conceived as shadows and vestiges (literally, footprints) of God, understood as the ultimate cause of a world that philosophical reason can prove was created at a first moment in time. Intellectual creatures he conceived of as images and likenesses of God, the workings of the human mind and will leading us to God understood as illuminator of knowledge and donor of grace and virtue.The final route to God is the route of being, in which Bonaventure brought Anselm's argument together with Aristotelian and Neoplatonic metaphysics to view God as the absolutely perfect being whose essence entails its existence, an absolutely simple being that causes all other, composite beings to exist. Bonaventure, however, is not only a meditative thinker, whose works may form good manuals of devotion; he is a dogmatic theologian of high rank, and on all the disputed questions of scholastic thought, such as universals, matter, seminal reasons, the principle of individuation, or the intellectus agens, he gives weighty and well-reasoned decisions. He agrees with Albert the Great in regarding theology as a practical science; its truths, according to his view, are peculiarly adapted to influence the affections. He discusses very carefully the nature and meaning of the divine attributes; considers universals to be the ideal forms pre-existing in the divine mind according to which things were shaped; holds matter to be pure potentiality that receives individual being and determinateness from the formative power


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 of God, acting according to the ideas; and finally maintains that the agent intellect has no separate existence. On these and on many other points of scholastic philosophy the "Seraphic Doctor" exhibits a combination of subtlety and moderation, which makes his works particularly valuable. In form and intent the work of St. Bonaventure is always the work of a theologian; he writes as one for whom the only angle of vision and the proximate criterion of truth is the Christian faith. This fact affects his importance as a philosopher; when coupled with his style, it makes Bonaventure perhaps the least accessible of the major figures of the thirteenth century.This is true because philosophy interests him largely as a praeparatio evangelica, as something to be interpreted as a foreshadow of or deviation from what God has revealed. Canonisation
Bonaventure's feast day was included in the General Roman Calendar immediately upon his canonisation in 1482. It was at first celebrated on the second Sunday in July, but was moved in 1568 to 14 July, since 15 July, the anniversary of his death, was at that time taken up with the feast of Saint Henry. It remained on that date, with the rank of "double", until 1960, when it was reclassified as a feast of the third class. In 1969 it was classified as an obligatory memorial and assigned to the date of his death, 15 July. He is the patron saint of bowel disorders. Bonaventure is remembered in the Church of England with a commemoration on 15 July.Places, churches, and schools named in his


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 honour

United States
Bonaventure Condominiums, condominiums in Palm Harbor, Florida
St. Bonaventure University, a Franciscan university, in Allegany, New York
Mission San Buenaventura and the City of Ventura, California, officially named San Buenaventura
St. Bonaventure High School in Ventura, California, United States
St. Bonaventure Catholic Church in Chicago, Illinois
St. Bonaventure Monastery, a complex of religious buildings, built for the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, located in Detroit, Michigan. Solanus Casey served here as the monastery porter from 1924 to 1946, meeting visitors at the friary door. The site is a popular pilgrimage site for Metro Detroit Catholics. Bonaventure Hall, in Sacred Heart Parish Catholic School, in Patterson, California, United States
Bonaventure Residence Hall, in Viterbo University, in La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States
Buenaventura Boulevard in Redding, California
St. Bonaventure Parish in Huntington Beach, California
San Buenaventura de los Tres Arrollos, a lost settlement in the far NE of Custer County, Colorado
San Buenaventura de Cochiti built in 1628 in [Pueblo de Cochiti, New Mexico] who remains the patron saint for Native American Village who celebrate on 14 July. St. Bonaventure - St. Benedict the Moor (combined) parish, Jamaica, New York
 St. Bonaventure Church, in Paterson, New Jersey. San Jose St. Bonaventure Hospital, a fictional hospital that serves as a setting in American TV show The Good Doctor. St. Bonaventure Catholic Church, in Davie, Florida
St. Bonaventure


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 Catholic Church, elementary school, and cemetery, Columbus, Nebraska.St. Bonaventure Church, in Allegany,  New York
St. Bonaventure Church, in Glenshaw, Pennsylvania

Canada
The town of Bonaventure, Quebec, Canada
Bonaventure Highway in Quebec
Place Bonaventure and the adjacent Bonaventure Metro Station in Montreal, Quebec
Bonaventure Island and the Bonaventure River in the Gaspé Peninsula Region of Quebec
St. Bonaventure's College, a private Roman Catholic school, in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
St Bonaventure Catholic School, at Edwards Gardens, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
St. Bonaventure School, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
St. Bonaventure Parish, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Lake Bonaventure, in the community of Lake Bonavista, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
St. Bonaventure Parish, Tracadie Cross, in Prince Edward Island, Canada

Philippines
 St. Bonaventure Parish, Mauban, Quezon is the oldest settlement in the Philippines to have been placed under the protection of El Serafico Padre Doctor San Buenaventura in 1647. It is recorded in the writings of Fray Huertas that in 1759 an unknown man wearing the colors of San Buenaventura defended the town from a moro attack. The people of Mauban have since regarded this as a miracle of their Santo Patron. The largest bell in Mauban that was recast in 1843 is named after San Buenaventura and is rung during the Consecration, Angelus and Plegaria. St. Bonaventure chapel or Capilla de San Buenaventura in St. John the Baptist Parish, Liliw, Laguna, Philippines, erected in honor of the Seraphic


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 Doctor, San Buenaventura because of the 1664 miracle were tears of blood were seen flowing from the eyes of the venerated image, which was witnessed by the Cura Parroco, Padre Juan Pastor and 120 witnesses; in recognition of this miracle, the first major bell in the church of Lilio was dedicated in honor of San Buenaventura
 Barangay San Buenaventura, a village in San Pablo City, Laguna, Philippines. Three small chapels can be found within the village in honour of Saint Bonaventura
 St. Bonaventure Parish, Balangkayan Eastern Samar, Philippines
 San Buenaventura, barangay in the Municipality of Buhi, Camarines Sur, Philippines. Has a chapel dedicated to the namesake saint.St. Bonaventure Chapel in Barangay San Buenaventura, Luisiana, Laguna. St. Bonaventure Chapel in Barangay San Bueno, Sampaloc, Quezon. United Kingdom
St Bonaventure's Catholic School, in Forest Gate, London, England
St Bonaventure's Catholic Church, and Primary School in Bishopston, Bristol. St Bonaventure's Catholic Church, in Welwyn Garden City, England

Latin America
The Municipality of Buenaventura on the Pacific Coast of Colombia
The cities of San Buenaventura in Chihuahua, San Buenaventura in Coahuila, and San Buenaventura in the state of Mexico, all in Mexico

Southern Asia
St. Bonaventure's Church, a 16th-century Portuguese church is situated on the beach in Erangal near Mumbai. The annual Erangal Feast held on second Sunday of January, celebrating the Feast day of St. Bonaventure, attracts thousands of people of all faiths to this scenic spot. The


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 Feast day of St. Bonaventure is celebrated on 15 July every year. St Bonaventure's High School, a school in Hyderabad, Pakistan

Europe
Bonaventura College is a Catholic high school in Leiden in the Netherlands.Works
 Bonaventure Texts in Translation Series, St. Bonaventure, NY, Franciscan Institute Publications (15 volumes):
 On the Reduction of the Arts to Theology, Translation, Introduction and Commentary by Zachary Hayes, OFM, vol. 1, 1996. Journey of the Soul into God - Itinerarium Mentis in Deum translation and Introduction by Zachary Hayes, OFM, and Philotheus Boehner, OFM, vol. 2, 2002. Disputed Questions on the Mystery of the Trinity, translated by Zachary Hayes, vol. 3, 1979. .
 Disputed Questions on the Knowledge of Christ, translated by Zachary Hayes, vol. 4, 1992.Writings Concerning the Franciscan Order, translated by Dominic V. Monti, OFM, vol. 5, 1994. Collations on the Ten Commandments, translated by Paul Spaeth, vol. 6, 1995. Commentary on Ecclesiastes, translated by Campion Murray and Robert J. Karris, vol. 7, 2005. Commentary on the Gospel of Luke, translated by Robert J. Karris (3 vols), vol.8, 2001–4. Breviloquium, translated by Dominic V. Monti, OFM, vol. 9, 2005. Writings on the Spiritual Life, [includes translations of The Threefold Way, On the Perfection of Life, On Governing the Soul, and The Soliloquium: A Dialogue on the Four Spiritual Exercises, the prologue to the Commentary on Book II of the Sentences of Peter Lombard and three short sermons: On the Way of Life, On Holy Saturday, and On the


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 Monday after Palm Sunday, vol. 10, 2006.] Commentary on the Gospel of John, translated by Robert J. Karris, vol. 11, 2007.The Sunday sermons of St<mask>, edited and translated by Timothy J. Johnson, vol. 12, 2008. Disputed questions on evangelical perfection, edited and translated by Thomas Reist and Robert J. Karris, vol. 13, 2008. Collations on the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit, introduced and translated by Zachary Hayes, vol. 14, 2008. Defense of the mendicants, translated by Jose de Vinck and Robert J. Karris, vol.15, 2010. The Life of Christ translated and edited by William Henry Hutchings, 1881. The Journey of the Mind into God (Itinerarium mentis in Deum), Indianapolis: Hackett, 1993. On the Reduction of the Arts to Theology (De Reductione Artium ad Theologiam), translated by Zachary Hayes, (Saint Bonaventure, NY: Franciscan Institute, 1996. Bringing forth Christ: five feasts of the child Jesus, translated by Eric Doyle, Oxford: SLG Press, 1984. The Mystical Vine: a Treatise on the Passion of Our Lord, translated by a friar of SSF, London: Mowbray, 1955. Life of St Francis of Assisi, TAN Books, 2010.The Road to Union, written by Thomas J Herbst,Frati Editoridi Quaracchi, 2005
 Pocket Bonaventure, written by Thomas J Herbst, Franciscan friar, Tau Publishing, 2020

References

Further reading

 LaNave, Gregory F. "Bonaventure", in Paul L. Gavrilyuk and Sarah Coakley (eds. ), The Spiritual Senses: Perceiving God in Western Christianity, Cambridge: Cambridge, University of Cambridge, 2011, 159–173. Quinn, John


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 Francis. The Historical Constitution of St. Bonaventure's Philosophy, Toronto: Pontificial Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1973. Tavard, George Henry. From Bonaventure to the Reformers, Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 2005 (Marquette Studies in Theology).  .
 Tim Noone and R. E. Houser, "Saint Bonaventure." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bonaventure/. D. J. Dales, 'Divine Remaking: St Bonaventure & the Gospel of Luke, James Clarke & Co., Cambridge, 2017. D. J. Dales, 'Way back to God: the Spiritual Theology of St Bonaventure, James Clarke & Co., Cambridge, 2019. External links

 MS 2/3 Meditationes super Genesim; Novella materia super septem peccatis capitalibus at OPenn

St Bonaventure from the Franciscan Archive. S Bonaventura: Opera Omnia Peltiero Edente (Latin original texts). Colonnade Statue St Peter's Square

1221 births
1274 deaths
Augustinian philosophers
People from the Province of Viterbo
Italian Friars Minor
Catholic philosophers
Scholastic philosophers
University of Paris faculty
13th-century Italian philosophers
13th-century Latin writers
13th-century Italian Roman Catholic theologians
13th-century Christian mystics
Rationalists
Cardinal-bishops of Albano
Italian Roman Catholic saints
13th-century Christian saints
Franciscan mystics
Franciscan bishops
Franciscan cardinals
Franciscan saints
Franciscan scholars
Franciscan spirituality
Franciscan theologians
Franciscan Doctors of the Church
Ministers General of the Order of Friars Minor
Neoplatonists
13th-century


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<mask> (born July 16, 1937) is an American novelist, composer, and educator. Kropp achieved popular acclaim after the publication of his third and fourth novels One Hundred Times to China and Greencastle. Greencastle was nominated for a Penn/Faulkner Award and was named to one of the American Library Association's "Best Books of the Year" lists in 1985. For this novel the author received the "Illinois Author of the Year" award from the Illinois Association of Teachers of English (IATE). His books have been favorably reviewed in many journals and newspapers in the United States, Great Britain, and Spain. Career

<mask> was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan and attended both the University of Pittsburgh and Ohio State University. His first short story was published in a university magazine and he also published poems and critical essays in a small-press journals.Never very prolific as a writer of short stories, <mask> developed an early discipline for the novel form. His first novel, The Drift, was published in hardcover in 1969 (Doubleday) and in another hardcover edition in Great Britain (Victor Gollancz) and enjoyed mass market paperback reprints in 1971 (Belmont Books) and 1979 (Leisure Books). The story is a fantasy based on an old nautical legend about an island made of derelict ships floating in the Sargasso Sea. For the denizens of the island, land is only a legend. The Drift was the first property acquired by Michael Douglas' film production company, Bigstick Productions, in November 1969. <mask>'s second novel, Who Is Mary Stark?, was published in hardcover (Doubleday) in 1974 and in paperback (Avon) in 1980. In Madrid it was republished by Martinez-Roca translated into Spanish.The plot of

masks:
Lloyd Edward Kropp
Kropp
Kropp
Kropp