texts: his wife had been born, but he did not remain in Elsaß for long. He was able to use his contacts to embark on a new career focused on diplomatic work and journalism. He participated in the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle in September 1818 as a representative of Baden and of neighbouring Württemberg. In December of the same year he took over the editorship of a publication owned by the wealthy industrialist-publisher <mask> Cotta, and relocated to Stuttgart. The publication in question appears to have been shortlived, but in July 1819 he took on another title in von Cotta's collection, the newly founded "Tribüne, Würtemberg. Zeitung für Verfassung und Volkserziehung zur Freiheit" ("... newspaper for constitutional and popular education towards freedom").As a journalist, Lindner showed himself to be a supporter of the new king, William I of Württemberg, even where this sometimes ran counter to the views of his newspaper's proprietor, <mask> Cotta. The most significant outcome of a collaboration between Lindner and the king was a document that appeared in 1820 entitled "Manuscript aus Süddeutschland". The document advocated some form of alliance between the three or four larger states of southern Germany, together with other significant states in the central regions, in order to provide a more effective counterweight to the might of Prussia and Austria within in the German Confederation, a pan-German political structure which had emerged in 1815 to fill the vacuum left by the termination in 1806 of the Holy Roman Empire. The proposal was seen as a move to reinvent the Confederation of the Rhine which, starting in 1805, had operated under the sponsorship of France for almost a decade. Among many who held power within the German lands, such ideas were not to be welcomed: the document was actually published in London. The proposals in it were powerfully and

masks:
Johann Friedrich
Johann Friedrich


type: original

texts:
 sometimes violently attacked both within and outside Germany. The name of its author, G. Erichson, was assumed to be a pseudonym, but the real author's identity was not immediately known, and Lindner himself was accordingly spared the sanctions that would otherwise have fallen upon him.The initiative for the publication is indeed believed to have come from the king of Württemberg, but it subsequently became widely believed that the "Manuscript" had actually been written by <mask> Lindner. The appearance in 1824 of a second incendiary publication entitled "Geheime Papiere" ("Secret Papers") proved more damaging since the work was quickly attributed to him despite initial expressions of uncertainty. Around this time he also became involved in a dispute with a young ambitious delegate to the Federal Convention (Bundestag) called <mask> Blittersdorf. The upshot of all this was that he was obliged to leave Stuttgart, relocating to Augsburg in 1825. In May 1827 he moved on to Munich, where he re-established contact with Cotta and took on the editorship of the "Politische Annalen", a position that from 1828 he shared with the poet Heinrich Heine. The journal proved relatively short-lived, but a friendship with Heine endured. Following the demise of the "Politische Annalen" Lindner reverted to his earlier profession, becoming a physician again.He returned to Stuttgart in 1833, where he was now provided by the king with a pension. Relatively little is known of his final years, but he produced several translations as well as a satirical play attacking Hegel, who during his final years had become, in the eyes of some, Prussia's unofficial national philosopher. References

German-language writers
19th-century German physicians
University of Jena faculty
19th-century German journalists
German male journalists
1772 births
1845 deaths
19th-century German male

masks:
Friedrich Ludwig
Friedrich von


texts:
<mask> (born October 21, 1971) is an American former professional basketball player. He rose to national prominence after being recruited by Indiana coach Bob Knight as an 8th grader, an unusual event at the time. <mask> went on to become Indiana's all-time high school leading scorer and would earn All-America honors playing for the Indiana Hoosiers. He became a cult figure during the late 1980s and early 1990s in Indiana. <mask> was an assistant coach of the Butler University's women's basketball team from 2014 to 2017. Prep career

In early 1986, when <mask> was a 14-year-old eighth-grader, Indiana coach Bob Knight watched two games featuring <mask>'s team. At the time, Knight and his 1985–86 team were being covered by author John Feinstein for his book A Season on the Brink, which would later go on to be a national best-seller.After taking in the game, Knight remarked to his assistant coaches that "<mask> is better than any guard we have right now. I don't mean potentially better, I mean better today." Due to the national and statewide popularity of Feinstein's book, <mask>'s legend took off. Later that year, as <mask> was entering Bedford North Lawrence High School (BNL) and Feinstein's book was being published, the acclaimed basketball movie Hoosiers was released. Comparisons between the movie and <mask>'s career were frequently made. He told Sports Illustrated, "BNL had a lot in common with Hickory. Not because we're a small school.We're one of the biggest in the state. But we had nobody over 6'3", and no one thought we could win it." In November 1986, as his freshman year of high school was beginning, Sports Illustrated tabbed him the country's best

masks:
Damon Bailey
Bailey
Bailey
Bailey
Bailey
Damon Bailey
Bailey
Bailey
Bailey


texts: ninth-grade hoopster. That freshman year he led BNL to the state Final Four, averaging over 23 points a game in the process. His team's tournament run ended to two-time defending champion Marion in the semifinals. <mask> scored 20 points in that game and BNL trailed 47–46 after three quarters, but he fouled out with 2:06 to go and the opposing team – led by Lyndon Jones and Jay Edwards – prevailed 70–61 en route to their third straight state title. <mask> was named First Team Indiana All-State that year, and every other year of his high school career.The next season, with <mask> as a sophomore, BNL again qualified for the final four, this time facing Muncie Central. <mask> totaled 25 points, 10 rebounds and four assists, but it was not enough as Muncie Central went on to post a 60–53 victory. As a senior <mask> led his team to the 1990 Indiana state championship. Their opponent, Concord High School, was undefeated and led by future University of Nebraska standout Jamar Johnson. Before a crowd of more than 41,000 people at the Hoosier Dome in Indianapolis – the most people to ever attend a high school basketball game – <mask> scored 30 points, including his team's final 11, in a 63–60 come-from-behind win. <mask> told Sports Illustrated, "The greatest thrill in winning was proving to people that we could. We didn't walk out on the floor and scare anybody.We just had a lot of heart." <mask> finished his high school career having appeared in three state Final Fours and scoring a record 3,134 points, a record that still stands today. He played in 110 varsity games and reached double figures in all of them, including a career high of 51 against Jeffersonville as a

masks: Bailey Bailey Bailey Bailey Bailey Bailey Bailey Bailey


texts:
 sophomore. He averaged 28.4 points per game over his four years. <mask> was named Indiana Mr. Basketball, earned McDonald's All-American honors, and was tabbed the 1990 consensus National Player of the Year. <mask> elected to play college basketball for Bob Knight's Indiana Hoosiers. After winning the state championship, <mask> told reporters, "Now, I'm his boy."College career

<mask> was a four-year starter for Bob Knight and the Indiana Hoosiers from 1990–1994. In <mask>'s first three seasons (1990–93), he and the Hoosiers posted 87 victories, the most by any Big Ten team in a three-year span, breaking the mark of 86 set by Knight's Indiana teams of 1974–76. Teams from these three seasons spent all but two of the 53 poll weeks in the top 10, and 38 of them in the top 5. They captured two Big Ten crowns in 1990–91 and 1992–93, and during the 1991–92 season reached the Final Four. During the 1992–93 season, the 31–4 Hoosiers finished the season at the top of the AP Poll, but were defeated by Kansas in the Elite Eight. Teammates from this era included Greg Graham, Pat Graham, All-American Alan Henderson, and 1993 National Player of the Year Calbert Cheaney. With such talented teammates around him, <mask> largely served as a role player, averaging 11.3 points per game his first three years.Nevertheless, Indiana's athletic offices got more requests for paraphernalia and autographs for <mask> than any of the team's other stars, including Cheaney. In his senior season, 1993–94, with many of the team's previous stars having graduated, <mask> served as the team's leader. In a game on December 4, 1993 in the Indiana–Kentucky rivalry, UK was ranked number one in the


texts:
 nation, but Indiana upset the Wildcats. <mask> hit 16-of-19 free throws (record for a single game) to score 29 points. <mask>'s performance in the upset earned him a spot on the cover of Sports Illustrated, which has since become an iconic image among Indiana fans. The Hoosiers finished the season 21–9 overall, 12-6 in the Big Ten (3rd), and advanced to the NCAA Sweet 16. <mask> finished sixth on Indiana's all-time scoring list with 1,741 points.He averaged 13.2 points, 3.5 rebounds and 3.6 assists per game for his career. He also garnered a third-team All-American award and a first-team All-Big Ten award. <mask> was cut after one season of being on the team's injured list, and a series of pre-season games the following year. Briefly in January 1999 he signed with the Cleveland Cavaliers, but was soon let go. <mask> never played in an NBA regular-season game. <mask> played in the Continental Basketball Association (CBA) with the Fort Wayne Fury. He was selected to the All-CBA First Team in 1998, while ranking 3rd in the league with 7.3 assists per game, and the Second Team in 1999.He was named American Conference Player of the Week three times in his CBA career. On November 1, 2003 he retired from professional basketball. Life after pro basketball
He was later employed as the boys' basketball coach for his alma mater, Bedford North Lawrence High School. The team finished 11–10 in <mask>'s first coaching year. The Times-Mail in Bedford, Indiana reported on March 1, 2007 that <mask> had resigned as coach of BNL after two seasons, he finished with a 23–19 overall record. <mask> is the co-owner of Hawkins-Bailey Warehouse in Bedford, Indiana. <mask> was the assistant

masks: Bailey Bailey Bailey Bailey Bailey Bailey Bailey Bailey Bailey Bailey


texts:
 coach of the BNL Lady Stars basketball team for four seasons, including the 2012–2013 Indiana high school state basketball championship winning team.<mask> was named the head coach of the Lady Stars in May 2013, replacing Kurt Godlevske, who left to be an assistant coach for the Butler Bulldogs women's basketball team. As the head coach in the 2013–2014 season, <mask> led the Lady Stars to their second consecutive state title. In May 2014, Godlevske was promoted to head coach for Butler's women's team, and <mask> again joined him as an assistant at Butler. In April 2017, <mask> resigned as the Butler Bulldogs women's basketball assistant coach after three seasons. <mask> stated that he was leaving coaching to focus on Hawkins Bailey Warehouse distribution company, a business in Bedford, Indiana, which he is a co-owner. References

Further reading
. 1971 births
Living people
All-American college men's basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in France
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from Indiana
Basketball players at the 1992 NCAA Division I Men's Final Four
Basketball players at the 1999 Pan American Games
Basketball players from Indiana
Butler Bulldogs women's basketball coaches
Élan Béarnais players
Fort Wayne Fury players
High school basketball coaches in Indiana
Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball players
Indiana Pacers draft picks
McDonald's High School All-Americans
Pan American Games medalists in basketball
Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States
Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball)
People from Bedford, Indiana
Point guards
Bedford North Lawrence High School alumni
Medalists at the 1999 Pan

masks: Bailey Bailey Bailey Bailey Bailey


texts:
<mask> (born Santa Fe, New Mexico, 1983) is an American choreographer and dancer. Training and start as a choreographer / dancer
<mask> studied at the Idyllwild Arts Academy (1997–2000) in California and subsequently the NYU School of the Arts (2000–2003). After completing her bachelor's degree in dance, she choreographed and danced in different places in New York, including Danspace Project, The Kitchen, Symphony Space, LaMaMa ETC, Joe's Pub, Judson Church, Joyce SoHo, Dixon Place, OfficeOps, and Ur, The Dance Palace. In 2004, she went to Brussels to study at the dance school P.A.R.T.S., where she completed the Research Cycle (2004–2006). She currently is a PhD candidate in Choreography at the Stockholm University of the Arts. Work as a choreographer
<mask>'s work is at the intersection of choreography, dance, text, music and performance. Her productions vary in size and used media, and focus on questioning categories, production methods and ways of thinking performance.In her work, she utilizes the strict codes and concepts of contemporary dance in a shrewd and subtle way, with an expressive directness that tends toward cabaret and vaudeville. <mask> created her first solo production, ELEANOR! (<mask> Bauer/GoodMove, 2005) while still studying at P.A.R.T.S.. Afterwards, a wide range of productions followed, including a trilogy consisting of A Dance for the Newest Age (the triangle piece) (<mask>/GoodMove, 2011), Tentative Assembly (the tent piece) (<mask>/GoodMove, 2012) and Midday and Eternity (the time piece) (<mask>/GoodMove, 2013). This trilogy utilizes three-fold paradigms such as past-present-future and nature-society-spirituality to approach the

masks:
Eleanor Bauer
Eleanor Bauer
Eleanor Bauer
Eleanor Bauer
Eleanor
Eleanor Bauer
Eleanor Bauer
Eleanor Bauer


texts:
 holistic nature of dance and choreography. From 2013 to 2016, <mask> was an artist-in-residence in the Brussels Kaaitheater. In 2013, she launched BAUER HOUR (<mask>/GoodMove, 2013), an episodic variété show that ran monthly at the Kaaistudios, toured regularly and is featured on Vimeo.In the autumn of 2015, she developed two PROTO TALKS (<mask>/GoodMove, 2016) with artists in the Kaaitheater: one with choreographer / dancer Michiel Vandevelde and one with choreographer / dancer Mette Ingvartsen. In the spring of 2016, she premiered Meyoucycle , a concert performance in collaboration with composer / musician Chris Peck and the contemporary music ensemble Ictus. Both Meyoucycle and Tentative Assembly (the tent piece)  were featured at the Brussels Kunstenfestivaldesarts. <mask> and Chris Peck are currently working on NEW JOY, a new musical theater production that will premiere in February–March 2019 at Schauspielhaus Bochum. Since 2007 the performances of <mask> have been produced by Good Move vzw, an organization that she founded for this purpose in Brussels. Work as a performer
As a performer <mask> has collaborated with the choreographers Trisha Brown, Boris Charmatz, Anne Teresa de Keersmaeker/Rosas, Mette Ingvartsen, Xavier Le Roy en David Zambrano; the visual artists Matthew Barney en Emily Roysdon; the music ensemble Ictus and the electronic music duo The Knife. Work as an author and researcher
<mask> also writes about dance.She published in Off Off Off, New York's Movement Research Performance Journal, Maska (Ljubjana), and NDT of Contredanse (Brussels), as well as in various publications of Sarma, Everybody's, Nadine, and P.A.R.T.S.. For the

masks:
Eleanor Bauer
Eleanor Bauer
Eleanor Bauer
Eleanor Bauer
Eleanor Bauer
Eleanor Bauer
Eleanor Bauer


texts:
 Sarma project B-Chronicles <mask> took a series of 46 interviews with artists, critics, producers and dramatic advisers from the Brussels dance community, including herself. The interviews formed an inspiration for events and publications by other project staff, were processed into online records containing a photo, bio, abstract, audio and cartographic drawings. In 2008, she participated in 6M1L (6 Months 1 Location), a collective research residence initiated by Xavier Le Roy and Bojana Cvejic at CCNM Center Choréographique National Montpellier. Work as a teacher and mentor
<mask> is also active as a lecturer. In that context she created some performances with students: Parliament Without Words (<mask>, with students of P.A.R.T.S., 2011), Another Song (<mask> and Sandy Williams, with students of P.A.R.T.S., 2014), Medium (<mask>, with students of KASK, 2015), Being Robert Plutchik (<mask>, with students of KASK, 2015) and OUROBORACULAR (<mask>, with students of DOCH, School of Dance and Circus, 2017) Together with Vlad Ionescu, she coached the production of Slogan for Modern Times , a duet made by Kathryn Vickers and Inga Huld Hákonardóttir in 2015 at wpZimmer, a residency space for the performing arts in Antwerp, Belgium. Inspired by all kinds of open source initiatives, she has set up the project Nobody's Business together with the choreographer / dancer Ellen Söderhult and the choreographer / dancer Alice Chauchat. Its purpose is to facilitate the collective production and dissemination of knowledge in the performing arts by sharing practices and documentation about it.In the course of 2015 and 2016, Nobody's Business organized nine meetings of


texts:
 approximately five days each in Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Norway, the United States and Sweden. <mask> was involved as a facilitator in four of these meetings: Nobody's Dance Stockholm December 2015, Nobody's Dance Brussels January 2016, Nobody's Dance Milan April 2016 and Nobody's Indiscipline Brussels November 2016. For the period 2017–2022, <mask> is a PhD candidate in Choreography at the Stockholm University of the Arts, where she also lectures. In 2017 she also gives workshops at b12 (Berlin), ImPulsTanz – Vienna International Dance Festival and the Practicing Performance – International Dance Festival at The Ohio State University in Columbus. Other activities
<mask> has also created or contributed to a number of special projects. In 2011, she participated together with choreographer / dancer Daniel Linehan in the Kaaitheater in Walk + Talk, a programme series by choreographer / dancer Philipp Gehmacher in which choreographers talk about their movement language. She participated in Hannah Hurtzig's Black Market for Useful and Non-Useful Knowledge at the In-Presentable Festival in Madrid in 2012.In 2014, she collaborated with composer Chris Peck on This is Not a Pop Song (II), for which the music ensemble Ictus asked five composers to write a new work for instruments that are typically for pop music and that has the length of a pop song, but without the pop music. Together with Chris Peck, she is also involved in heart the band/hear the bend, a performance collective including Beth Gill, Jon Moniaci and Chase Granoff, that has been active since 2004. Under the title Untitled, Untempered, Untamed, <mask> creates solo performances / lectures

masks:
Eleanor Bauer
Eleanor Bauer
Eleanor Bauer
Eleanor Bauer


texts:
 involving speaking, dancing, singing, hanging out with the audience, relationships with things that belong to the time and place of the performance, and relationships with things that don’t belong to the time and place of the performance. She was also host of the release of the book Moving Together: Theorizing and Making Contemporary Dance by the Belgian cultural sociologist Rudi Laermans at the Kaaistudios in Brussels in 2015. Productions
Own productions:
 ELEANOR! ), P.A.R.T.S. 20 years – 50 portraits, P.A.R.T.S., 2016, p. 195 – 200,
 Heidi Lenaerts and Pieter T'Jonck, Dans die doet duizelen, in: Babel/Cobra.be, 11/02/2011
 Ive Stevenheydens, <mask>: dansen in the big picture, in: Brussel Deze Week, 16/09/2013
 Pieter T'Jonck, De bespiegelende bui van <mask>, in: De Morgen, 23/04/2014
 Pieter T'Jonck, Van wiskunde naar wilde verbeelding, in: De Morgen, 14/02/2011
 Pieter T'Jonck, Buitenmaats – <mask> Bauer (Big Girls Do Big Things), in: De Morgen, 11/03/2010
 Pieter T'Jonck, <mask> Bauer in Grote Vorm, in: Staalkaart, nr.4, March – April 2010
 Pieter T'Jonck, Het raadsel van de dans: <mask> > At Large, in: De Morgen, 21/05/2008
 Karel Van der Auwera, <mask>: ‘Vragen, antwoorden, nieuwe vragen’, in: Brussel Deze Week, 5/05/2012
 Els Van Steenberghe, Dans: <mask> hangt in de touwen, in: Knack Focus, 05/05/12
 Biography of <mask> on the website of New York Live Arts
 Biography of <mask> on the website of the Ruhrtriennale
 Biography of <mask> on the website of Boris Charmatz

American women choreographers
American choreographers
American female dancers
Dancers from New Mexico
People from Santa Fe, New Mexico
1983 births
Living people
21st-century

masks:
Eleanor Bauer
Eleanor Bauer
Eleanor
Eleanor
Eleanor Bauer
Eleanor Bauer
Eleanor Bauer
Eleanor Bauer
Eleanor Bauer
Eleanor Bauer


texts:
<mask> (18 December 1929 – 28 September 2018) was an Australian race car driver and prominent entrepreneur and business tycoon. A four-time winner of the Armstrong 500, the race that became the prestigious Bathurst 1000 and a four-time Australian Touring Car Champion, <mask> was well known for his chain of tyre retailers, Bob Jane T-Marts. <mask> was inducted into the V8 Supercars Hall of Fame in 2000. Early life
<mask> grew up in Brunswick, an inner-city suburb of Melbourne. His passion for racing began in the early 1950s as a champion bicycle rider, holding many state records before turning to four wheels. In the later 1950s, he started Bob Jane Autoland, a company that distributed parts for Jaguar and Alfa Romeo. Through this venture, a love of cars and motor sport blossomed and he first entered competitive racing in Australia in 1956; by 1960, he was racing with some of Australia's top sedan drivers.Racing career

In 1961, <mask> and co-driver Harry Firth won the Armstrong 500 at Phillip Island, Victoria, driving a Mercedes-Benz 220SE. <mask> and Firth, driving a Ford Falcon XL, won the race again the following year, the last before the event moved to Mount Panorama at Bathurst, New South Wales, retaining the Armstrong 500 name. <mask>, driving for the Ford works team, won a further two Armstrong 500s at the new venue, the first with Firth in 1963 and the second in 1964 with George Reynolds as co-driver. Despite the change of venue, <mask> is officially credited with winning Australia's most famous endurance race four times in a row, something no other driver, not even nine-time race winner Peter Brock, has ever done. <mask> won the Australian Touring Car Championship (now known as the V8 Supercars Championship) in 1962, 1963, 1971 and 1972. His 1971 ATCC win was in a Chevrolet Camaro ZL-1 with a 427 cubic inch engine. <mask> was forced by a rule change to replace the 427 engine with a 350 cubic inch engine for the 1972 championship but the Camaro still managed to beat

masks:
Robert Frederick Jane
Jane
Jane
Bob Jane
Jane
Jane
Jane
Jane
Jane
Jane


texts:
 the opposition, which included Allan Moffat's Ford Boss 302 Mustang, Ian Geoghegan's Ford XY Falcon GTHO Phase III, and Norm Beechey's Holden HT Monaro GTS350.Of the 38 races he started in the ATCC, he finished on the podium 21 times. <mask> also won the 1963 Australian GT Championship at the wheel of a Jaguar E-type, and the Marlboro Sports Sedan Series, in both 1974 and 1975, at his own Calder Park Raceway driving a Holden Monaro GTS 350 (at times he also drove his Repco V8 powered Holden LJ Torana GTR XU-1 which was mostly driven by John Harvey). <mask> retired from competitive motor racing at the end of 1981 due to sciatica. At the time of his retirement he had been driving a 6.0 litre Chevrolet Monza in the Australian Sports Sedan Championship. After giving up driving, <mask> asked touring car star Peter Brock to drive the Monza in the re-formed Australian GT Championship. Brock raced the car in 1982 and 1983 before <mask> sold the car in early 1984 to Re-Car owner Allan Browne. <mask> T-Marts
In 1965, <mask> opened the first Bob Jane T-Marts store in Melbourne.The company remains an independent, family-owned business to this day; <mask>'s son, <mask>, is the current CEO. In 2011, 81-year-old <mask> resigned as chairman of T-Marts citing difficulties in the relationship with his son Rodney. From 1984 To 1997 <mask> formed a cross shareholding partnership with Ian Diffen. <mask> operated in Queensland and Ian Richard Diffen operated Ian Diffen's World of Tyres and Mufflers in Western Australia. From 2002 to 2004, <mask> T-Marts held the naming rights sponsorship for the Bathurst 1000, the race <mask> dominated early in his career. The company also held the naming rights to the former Bob Jane Stadium, home of South Melbourne FC. Bob Jane T-Marts is the only major tyre retailer in Australia who do not sell retread tyres.<mask>'s personal reason for this is that his second eldest daughter Georgina had died in a car accident in 1991 due to a retreaded tyre blowing out.

masks:
Jane
Jane
Jane
Jane
Bob Jane
Jane
Bob
Rodney Jane
Jane
Bob Jane
Bob Jane
Bob Jane
Jane
Jane


texts:
 Having lost control of <mask> T-Marts, <mask> attempted to create a new tyre business using his name. It was blocked by son Rodney in court which also ruled <mask> pay legal costs. In May 2015, his Diggers Rest farm was seized by the state sheriff in order to settle the outstanding costs. Contributions to Australian motorsport

Australian Grand Prix
From 1980 to 1984, the Australian Grand Prix was held at his Calder Park Raceway in the outer suburbs of Melbourne, <mask> taking over the promoting and staging of the Grand Prix in the hope of Calder Park being granted a round of the Formula One World Championship (an ambitious plan at best as Calder was a 1.6 km long circuit which the faster cars lapped in less than 40 seconds). The 1980 Grand Prix was open to Formula 5000, Formula Pacific and Formula One cars and was won by Australia's 1980 Formula One World Champion Alan Jones driving his World Championship winning Williams FW07B-Ford. Second home was fellow F1 driver Bruno Giacomelli driving his Alfa Romeo 179, with Ligier F1 driver Didier Pironi finishing 3rd, driving an Elfin MR8 Formula 5000 for leading Australian team Ansett Team Elfin.From 1981 until 1984 the races were run under Formula Mondial regulations and <mask> succeeded in attracting many of the best Formula One drivers of the era. Each race from 1981 to 1984 was won by those driving the popular Ralt RT4-Ford. The 1981 Australian Grand Prix was won by future F1 driver Roberto Moreno from Brazil. Finishing second, also in an RT4 was 1981 World Champion Nelson Piquet (Brazil) with Australian Geoff Brabham finishing 3rd in his RT4. Alan Jones and Ligier's Jacques Laffite also participated in the race, though both failed to finish. The 1981 race was the first time since 1968 that the AGP had two or more, current or past World Champions, on the starting grid. On that occasion, Jim Clark (1st), Graham Hill (3rd), Denny Hulme (9th), and Australia's own triple World Champion Jack Brabham (DNF) participated as the race

masks:
Bob Jane
Jane
Jane
Jane
Jane


texts: was part of the popular off-season Tasman Series.For the 1982 Australian Grand Prix, <mask> again attracted F1 drivers in Piquet, Laffite, the then retired Jones, plus future Formula One World Champion Alain Prost. Frenchman Prost won the 100 lap race from Laffite and 1981 winner Roberto Moreno. When Prost later won his second AGP in Adelaide in 1986 to win his second of four Formula One World Championships, he became the only driver to ever win the Australian Grand Prix in both World Championship and non-championship formats. The 1983 race, while only attracting one current F1 driver in Jacques Laffite, as well as Alan Jones, who had made an abortive F1 comeback earlier in the year, did attract 24 entries (mostly the Ford powered RT4), including former winner Moreno, Geoff Brabham and future F1 driver Allen Berg. Moreno won his second AGP from local drivers John Smith and Laffite. Geoff Brabham finished 4th with Jones in 5th and Charlie O'Brien. Reigning Australian Drivers' Champion Alfredo Costanzo led the race early in his Tiga FA81 before suffering a differential failure on lap 25.Moreno would later claim that had 'Alfie' not retired then he would likely have won as he didn't believe he would have caught the Australian. The 1983 race was the last time the Grand Prix was included as a round of the Australian Drivers' Championship. During 1984 it was announced that from 1985, the Australian Grand Prix would be held on the Streets of Adelaide and would be the 16th and final round of the 1985 Formula One season, giving the Grand Prix "World Championship" status for the first time in its history. Despite this, <mask> was still able to successfully attract current Formula One drivers to participate in the 1984 Australian Grand Prix. Headlining the 'imports' was three time (including 1984) World Champion Niki Lauda, and 1982 World Champion Keke Rosberg. Joining them were 1984 Ligier drivers Andrea de Cesaris and François Hesnault and 1981 and 1983 AGP winner Roberto Moreno to

masks: Jane Jane


texts:
 face off against local stars Costanzo and 1984 Gold Star champion John Bowe. Moreno would win his 3rd AGP in 4 years from Rosberg, who fought back from a bad start and a collision another car, with de Cesaris putting in the drive of the race to finish 3rd after starting early from the pit lane and being almost half a lap down when he took the green flag.NASCAR
<mask> is credited with bringing stock car racing to Australia. Long resistant to oval racing (seeing it as dull and monotonous when compared to circuit racing, although speedway (Dirt track racing), held on smaller ¼ or ⅓ mile oval tracks, has been popular in Australia since the 1920s), Australian motorsport fans finally had their own NASCAR-style high banked superspeedway when <mask> spent A$54 million building the Thunderdome on the grounds of Calder Park Raceway. The 1.801 km (1.119 mi) Thunderdome, with 24° banking in the turns, was built as a quad-oval with <mask> modelling the track on the famous Charlotte Motor Speedway. Opened on 3 August 1987, the Thunderdome played host to the first ever NASCAR event held outside North America on 28 February 1988 with the Goodyear NASCAR 500. Several prominent drivers from the United States came to Australia for this race including Alabama Gang members <mask> and Neil Bonnett, along with Kyle Petty, Michael Waltrip, Dave Marcis, and others from the Winston West Series. Bonnett, who had won the Winston Cup's Pontiac Excitement 400 at the Richmond International Raceway the previous weekend, and Allison, who had won the 1988 Daytona 500 just one week prior to that, dominated the race, swapping the lead several times on a hot summer afternoon in which cabin temperatures were reported to reach over 57° Celsius (135° Fahrenheit). Bonnett won the 280 lap race from Allison with Dave Marcis finishing 3rd.The race was marred by an early multi-car crash in turns 3 and 4 involving 8 cars including the Ford Thunderbird of local touring car champion Dick Johnson, and the Oldsmobile of

masks:
Jane
Jane
Jane
Bobby Allison


texts:
 Allan Grice who, after running out of brakes, couldn't slow down coming off the back straight and ran into the wreck at speed. Grice, whose car was a write-off, suffered a broken collarbone and was taken to hospital for x-rays. <mask> also owned the Adelaide International Raceway which features the only other paved NASCAR type oval in Australia with its half mile Speedway Super Bowl, which, unlike the Thunderdome, is a permanent part of the road circuit. In 1992, <mask> and Sydney based speedway promoter and Channel 7 television commentator Mike Raymond also announced plans to turn the old half mile harness racing track that surrounded the Parramatta Speedway in Sydney into a paved oval for NASCAR and the Australian AUSCAR category, giving Australia a third paved oval speedway. However, the project never got past the planning stage. Personal life
On 23 February 2007, <mask> was granted a 12-month intervention order against his estranged wife, Laree <mask> (born 1967). At the time, she was 39 and they had been married for 20 years.He accused her of threatening to shoot him and threatening him with a kitchen knife. In a Victorian County Court, on 22 January 2009, a jury found Laree <mask> not guilty of five charges, including assault, related to the domestic dispute. <mask> met Laree when he performed Grand Marshal duties for the 1986 James Hardie 1000 at Bathurst. <mask> declared bankruptcy on 8 July 2016. On 28 September 2018, <mask> died from prostate cancer, 21 years after his diagnosis. He was 88. Career results

Complete Australian Touring Car Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete Phillip Island/Bathurst 500/1000 results

References

Businesspeople from Melbourne
1929 births
2018 deaths
Bathurst 1000 winners
Tasman Series drivers
Australian Touring Car Championship drivers
Racing drivers from Melbourne
Tire industry people
Deaths from prostate cancer
Deaths from cancer in Victoria

masks: Jane Jane Jane Jane Jane Jane Jane Jane


texts:
<mask> (born May 1978) is an Afghan diplomat who has served as Afghanistan's first female ambassador to the United States and non-resident ambassador to Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, and the Dominican Republic from December 2018 to July 2021. From 2016 to 2018, she served as Afghanistan's first female ambassador to Indonesia, first ever ambassador to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, and non-resident ambassador to Singapore. Previously, she worked for Afghanistan's Ministry of Education as a Planning and Evaluation Advisor (2011). She later joined Ministry of Foreign Affairs, first as a senior advisor to the Deputy Foreign Minister (2011), then as Director General of Regional Cooperation Initiatives (2012-2016). Before entering government, she worked for several nonprofits that primarily focused on women's rights and education. She received a bachelor's degree in software engineering from McGill University in 2003 and a master's degree in public administration and international law at Columbia University in 2009. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Kabul in 1978, a year before Soviet troops invaded Afghanistan.After the Soviets left in 1989, the country descended into civil war. Her school was closed for months at a time due to the missiles hitting the city. In 1993, her family fled to Pakistan. She recalls “Starting in the ’90s, there was famine and drought, and during the 1992-96 civil war, we were literally pushed out of our homes. I remember our family hugging each other, thinking this would be the last night of our lives”. Once in Peshawar, she attended a Saudi-funded school for refugees, where she later recalled studying on the roof for an entire school year due to overcrowding. Rahmani commented on her experiences saying that "As an Afghan woman, very early on, like the rest of my cohort, we learned that you have to try to make the best out of what you have.So uncertainty was what dominated most of our lives." She says the experiences of her youth led her to the lifelong motto of "doing the best with what you have". Rahmani returned to Kabul in 1998, but refused to leave the house rather than put on a burqa as the Taliban required.

masks:
Roya Rahmani
Rahmani


texts:
 In 1999, she received a scholarship from the World University Service of Canada and went to McGill University, where she completed a bachelor's degree in software engineering. After graduating in 2004, Rahmani returned to Afghanistan and worked for various nonprofits, eventually deciding to alter her career focus and return to school. She says "It became like a mission in my life that if I could do anything, anything, to stop a bomb from going off and killing people, or even a person, if I could do that, my mission in life is completed." In 2009, she completed a master's degree in public administration and international law at Columbia University in New York.She was a Fulbright scholar. Career

Nonprofit Work
After graduating with her bachelor's degree in 2004, Rahmani returned to Afghanistan and worked for several Canadian nonprofits focusing on human rights, women's empowerment, and education. She also worked part-time as a subject matter expert with the NATO Joint Forces Training Center, and a consultant to the New York Department of Education, the United Nations Secretariat in New York, the Department of Trade and International Affairs of Canada, Canadian Women for Women in Afghanistan, Women Living under Muslim Laws, and other INGOs. During this time Rahmani worked on a marriage document that secured equitable rights for the family and contributed to data collection at a national level. She received the Best Human Rights Activist Award from the Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission in 2007 for her work on this document. Government Work
<mask> joined the Afghan government, first in the Ministry of Education, then as a senior advisor to the Deputy Foreign Minister in 2011. From 2012 to 2016, she served as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Director General for Regional Cooperation.In this role she initiated and promoted important regional cooperation initiatives, like the Heart of Asia-Istanbul Process. Ambassador to Indonesia
From June 2016-December 2018, Rahmani served as Afghanistan's first female ambassador to Indonesia, non-resident ambassador to Singapore, and first ever ambassador to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. She was


texts:
 the second woman appointed as an ambassador by President Ashraf Ghani, after he vowed to give women more leadership positions. She said Muslim women could introduce a narrative of a "dynamic Muslim", proving that religion is not a static force. Ambassador to the United States
On 14 December 2018, Rahmani was appointed Ambassador to the United States by President Ghani, the first woman to hold the position. She took up the post just as President Trump announced his intention to withdraw troops from her country. She said, "women have been treated like a minority, but they are not a minority.Together, the women and the youth are actually a majority, and they are not willing to give up their rights. They are not willing to compromise their human rights and go back to the old days." She replaced Hamdullah Mohib, who had resigned three months earlier to become National Security Advisor. Ambassador Rahmani also served as Afghanistan's non-resident ambassador to Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, and the Dominican Republic. Issues

Women's rights
Rahmani spent several years working at nonprofits that focused on women's rights and education. At this time, her work focused particularly on family law reform in the Muslim context. She worked with Musawah to reform a marriage contract in Afghanistan to ensure more equitable family rights.<mask> and Musawah "decided to prioritise the marriage contract because it seemed to be a feasible and practical remedy to secure the rights of women within families. Amending the family law required complex procedures, whereas the marriage contract only needed the Supreme Court’s approval”. <mask> also took part in the inaugural Indonesian Congress of Women Ulama while serving as ambassador to Indonesia. She encouraged the formation of more women's ulamas, saying "It's time to get angry about violence committed in the name of our religion that we practice every day to seek refuge and peace." After becoming ambassador to the United States, she continued to advocate for women's rights, especially women's role in the peace process. She has consistently said that a peace deal that ignores half of the population will not work. She argues the

masks: Rahmani Rahmani


texts:
 essential role of women in the peace process makes women's rights not just an ethical issue, but a matter of national security.Peace process
In May 2019, Rahmani criticized the Trump government after Ambassador Zalmay Khalilzad engaged in direct talks with the Taliban, who have rejected engaging in talks with the Afghan government, saying "They are not our government, they are not our representatives" and that ending the war "should be decided by the people who are most affected by the process." TIME Magazine referred to Rahmani as "a fierce advocate for peace on Afghan terms". She has spoken repeatedly on the need for the Taliban to directly engage with Afghan society and government if they are to become a part of it. According to Rahmani, "if [the Taliban] want peace, they would have to sit with the government." Awards and Recognitions

 In 2007, <mask> was awarded the Best Human Rights Activist Award by the Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission for her work on a marriage document that secured equitable rights for the family and contributed to data collection at a national level. In 2017, her work in Indonesia led her to be named “The People’s Ambassador” by Tatler Indonesia. In 2019, she was included on TIME Magazine's "100 Next List" because she was a “fierce advocate of peace on Afghan terms.”
 In 2019, she was recognized by the Alliance for Peacebuilding for her efforts to create an inclusive peace process.Controversies

Pajhwok Afghan News has released a series of media reports making accusations against Rahmani, including regarding a construction project at the DC embassy. The Afghan Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a full rejection of their claims, addressing specific accusations made by Pajhwok. Rahmani released an article via Afghan media platform 8AM denying the accusations and calling for a full investigation. In the article, she said the Pajhwok report was biased, their conclusions contradicted the documents they had published, and that it had been published in order to destroy her personally because she was a woman. She also alleged that she has experienced repeated unfounded attacks from local news agencies. Indictment


texts:
 documents leaked to TOLOnews show that the Attorney General has accused two former officials and Rahmani of corruption in the construction of a 70-meter wall in Afghanistan’s embassy in Washington, DC. However, TOLOnews reported that there were "a number of contradictions in the text of the indictment paper" and that the Attorney General's Office and case prosecutors were not willing to respond to questions about the contradictions.The documents also show that the appellate court of the Anti-Corruption Justice Center (ACJC), Afghanistan's primary anti-corruption court, has been asked to try the accused officials on charges of embezzlement of $790,000 from the project. However, the ACJC has said it rejects the allegations and returned the indictment papers to the Attorney General's Office, citing technical and investigative shortcomings. On 31st of July 2021, the Washington Post published an investigative report demonstrating that it was a politically motivated case against Rahmani. As Former Afghan Ambassador to Washington, <mask> Rahmani has been accused of corruption while information available shows that $30,000 was paid for her salary, insurance, house rent and other expenses. Reports show that Rahmani had employees added to the payroll to collect a wage, even though they aren't employed by the Embassy. Publications

Personal life
Rahmani is married and has one daughter, born in 2014. She is a Muslim.She is a fluent speaker of Dari, Pashto, and English, and has a basic understanding of Urdu and French. References

External links

 Embassy biography

Living people
1978 births
People from Kabul
Afghan expatriates in Pakistan
Afghan Tajik people
McGill University Faculty of Engineering alumni
School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University alumni
Ambassadors of Afghanistan to Indonesia
Ambassadors of Afghanistan to the United States
Ambassadors of Afghanistan to Argentina
Ambassadors of Afghanistan to Colombia
Ambassadors of Afghanistan to Mexico
Ambassadors of Afghanistan to the Dominican Republic
Ambassadors of Afghanistan to Bolivia
Afghan women ambassadors
Ambassadors of Afghanistan to Singapore
21st-century diplomats
21st-century


texts:
<mask> (; born 24 October 1974) is a Swedish actor, theatre director, musical artist, singer and songwriter and acting coach. Background
Nätterqvist was born in Gamla Uppsala. He is the son of competitive equestrians Ted and <mask> and grew up on Flammabyggets equestrian farm outside Laholm. Nätterqvis learned to ride at age of four and competed in show jumping as a child and teenager. He is the grandson of Swedish show jumping rider and trainer <mask>. As a youth, he was more drawn to the world of sports, rather than drama, not only competing in equestrian sports, but playing ice hockey and football as well. After attending several smaller drama institutes, he graduated from the Stockholm Academy of Dramatic Arts in Stockholm in 2001.He quickly landed a three-year stint with Stockholm City Theatre, where he appeared in, among others, Hamlet and A View from the Bridge. He also had the chance to work with Lars Norén, considered by many to be Sweden's most prominent contemporary playwright, at The National Theatre Company in his play Terminal. He landed his first leading TV role in the 2002 mini-series Stackars Tom. Arn: Knight Templar
Nätterqvist has since then moved on to television and film. He had his big breakthrough in 2007 when he starred in the movie Arn – The Knight Templar, its sequel and the six-part television series. Nätterqvist played the leading role of crusading knight Arn Magnusson. Once the stunt team realized how well Nätterqvist could ride, he ended up performing his own horse stunts.He also benefitted from previous classes in olympic fencing for several past theatre productions, and his general interest in fencing (he was a special guest and speaker at the 2012 Swedish Competitive Fencing Convention). <mask> was trained in medieval weapons and longbow archery by Steve Ralphs, costume armourer and archery coach for Game of Thrones, Wrath of the Titans and Ridley Scott's Robin Hood. This is the most

masks:
Dag Joakim Tedson Nätterqvist
Pia Levin Nätterqvist
Dag Nätterqvist
Nätterqvist


texts:
 expensive movie project in the history of Swedish film and was shot in English and Swedish, on location in Sweden, Scotland and Morocco with an international cast. The production was headed by Svensk Filmindustri in conjunction with Film i Väst, TV4 (Sweden), Telepool (Germany), Danmarks Radio (Denmark), YLE (Finland) and TV 2 (Norway). The Arn project has been shown on television in many areas of the world. When it was shown in France on France 4, it went up against Showtime's historical drama The Tudors, on NRJ12 in the same time slot, and rated with a higher numbers of viewers. Recent projects
<mask> has continued work with television, theatre and film.In 2011, he co-starred in the controversial Swedish film With Every Heartbeat/Kiss Me and award-winning music video director Adam Berg's film In. Americans saw him in the 2011 season finale of USA Network's series Covert Affairs. Since the fall of 2011 <mask> has been playing fashion designer and love interest Hugo Cronstedt in TV3's popular romantic comedy-drama Elsas Värld. The show came back for a second series in 2013 and consisted of 20 episodes, lasting into the spring of 2014. In December 2016 the Russian medieval epic Viking premiered. Nätterqvist spent most of the previous summer shooting on location in Russia. Nätterqvist has a large supporting role as a Viking chieftain and mercenary.The film has taken around $25 million at the box office in Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States , becoming the top-grossing Russian film to be released in 2016. It was released in western Europe on Amazon Prime and Sky Digital

In July 2017 Nätterqvist again participated in the Norwegian outdoor musical Eplene i messehagen, this time in a different role than what he played in 2014. In 2016 <mask> joined the 5th season of the popular police procedural Maria Wern as Torwalds, a Stockholm police detective, and reprised this role in season 6 (2018). During the fall

masks: Nätterqvist Nätterqvist Nätterqvist


texts:
 of 2018, Nätterqvist was shooting the TV-pilot for Skärvor, an outlaw motorcycle club drama-thriller, from producers Susanne Hörnquist & Magnus G Bergström. He played the part of Stefan Andreason, president of Rubicon MC

In 2019 Nätterqvist joined the 4th season of popular crime drama Gåsmamman portraying the foster dad Patrik Thorin. This season had its premier on streaming service C More in November 2019, and on Kanal 7 the following year. Nätterqvist played Little John in Robin Hood-the Musical, which premiered in October 2019 in Stockholm, followed by a Swedish tour running into 2020, visiting over 20 different cities.In March 22 he will be seen as Peter Rosenberg in "Beck - 58 minuter", a special episode of long running Nordic Noir series Beck detailing hostage drama in real time, which takes place during 58 intense minutes in a TV morning studio. Personal life
<mask> lives in Gamla stan, the medieval section of Stockholm. He has a son with actress Cecilia Häll named Zeth, who recently provided the voice for one of the animated characters in the Swedish release of The Good Dinosaur and also acted alongside his father in the Robin Hood musical. He has a second child with Vendela Drammeh born in late 2019. Nätterqvist is bilingual in Swedish and English (he speaks English with two different accents, standardized American English and British RP - Received Pronunciation). Nätterqvist's favorite play is Macbeth. Other Projects

Nätterqvist was voted sexiest man in Sweden 2007 by Plaza Magazine .<mask> has been active raising money for UNICEF. <mask> is one of the founders of Actors Studio Stockholm, a two-year drama academy. In August 2013, rapper turned celebrity fitness trainer David "D-Flex" Seisay, published his book ‘'Träna med D-flex'’. Nätterqvist contributed to the book, and is featured in text and photos displaying Seisay's fitness instructions. In 2020 Nätterqvist modelled sunglasses from Swedish design


texts:
 house Akenberg. Music
He has a Britpop/Indie pop band named Narcissistic Street. They released the CD Soldier in Me in 2008.The album was recorded before he made his big breakthrough as the medieval knight and had to postpone the album release due to massive Arn project. In December 2011 the band performed at the European premiere of David Fincher's The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo. <mask> sings on two songs on post-punk revivalists The Ohios album Every Sorrow Claims Happiness. One of the tracks, "Let My Legs Walk" is featured in the soundtrack to horror-comedy American Burger. On 21 December 2017, <mask> released the Christmas-themed single "Jule ljus" on iTunes and Spotify. A second song "En sequined sen" dropped in late April 2018, and more material will be released throughout 2018, with another tune dropped in late April. The new material will steer away from the Britpop/Indie pop sound of Narcissistic Street, and move into the Swedish singer-songwriter/pop rock tradition.Unscripted television
<mask> has also worked with unscripted television. In 2010 he almost won the Swedish version of Let's Dance for Comic Relief with his interpretation of Lady Gaga's Bad Romance. In spring 2011 he co-hosted the popular TV cooking show Klockan åtta hos stjärnorna. He has also participated in other shows such as Herr och Fru, Doobidoo and Fenomen med Uri Geller. In late April 2020 Nätterqvist and musical artist and model/TV-personality Tilde Fröling were celebrity guest stars on season finale of the Swedish edition of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire to raise money for the Swedish Cancer Foundation. School
He is the co-founder of Actors Studio Stockholm, a 2-year academic program, that incorporates and the Meisner and Chekhov techniques with Swedish stage traditions. Nätterqvist has also taught drama at several other schools in Sweden, after-school drama coaching for teens, weekend workshops, and with unemployed actors via the


texts:
 Public Employment Service.Filmography

Selected Stage Appearances
 A Doll's House, Stockholm Academy of Dramatic Arts
 Inatt tänder vi månen, Stockholm Academy of Dramatic Arts
 Amadeus, Stockholm City Theatre
 The Cherry Orchard, Stockholm City Theatre
 Järn (musical) Stockholm City Theatre
 Din Stund på Jorden, Stockholm City Theatre
 Hamlet, Stockholm City Theatre
 Dostoyevsky's The Idiot, Stockholm City Theatre
 Mio, My Son,, Stockholm City Theatre
 The Full Monty (musical), Stockholm City Theatre
 As You Like It, Stockholm City Theatre
 A View from the Bridge, Stockholm City Theatre
 Piaf, Stockholm City Theatre
 Amy's View, Stockholm City Theatre
 Som Glöd under Snö (musical) Gottsunda Teater
 Terminal The National Theatre Company
 North of The Border (musical) Teater De Vill
 The Taming of the Shrew, Sheakespear at Gräsgården Manor
 Ken Ludwig's Leading Ladies, Mariebergsskogen Karlstad
 Nu är det klippt! Dröse & Norberg Theatre Company
 Snow White: The Musical  Dröse & Norberg Theatre Company
 I Ljus & Mörker (musical) Jon Anderzon/Studieförbundet Vuxenskolan Gävleborg. Elden  (2014 musical) Leif Stinnerbom / Bergstaden Sylvan Theater
 Eplene i messehagen (2016 musical) Paul Ottar Haga / Malm Sylvan Theater
 Elden (2017 musical) Paul Ottar Haga / Bergstaden Sylvan Theater
 Eplene i messehagen (2018 musical) Malm Sylvan Theater
 People of Hemsö (Hemsöborna) (2019 stage play) Stallebrottet på Bohus Malmön Sylvan theater
 Robin Hood: The Musical (Fall 2019-Spring 2020) Dröse & Norberg Theatre Company
Slottspel i 1600-tals miljo (2021 actor) directed by Ika Nord, Halmstad Castle Outdoor Theater
Eplene i messehagen ( 2021 Director and actor ) written by Rasmus Rohde, Bergstaden Sylvan Theater

Selected Podcast Appearances
 Richards and Mckie Present Randompedia

References

External links

Swedish male actors
Living people
1974 births
Swedish male film actors
Swedish male television actors
People from


texts:
<mask> is a video game developer, author, and scriptwriter. She is known for her time at Edmonton, Alberta-located game developer BioWare where she worked as a senior writer for eight years, with much of her work centered on the Dragon Age fantasy role-playing video game franchise. <mask>'s notable work after she left BioWare in 2013 include the mobile strategy video game Game of Thrones Ascent, and the 2018 point-and-click adventure game Unavowed. Career
<mask> spent a large portion of her time in high school writing and selling short stories. During her college years, she met <mask> and developed an interest in doing professional writing for role-playing games after being introduced to Vampire: The Masquerade and Shadowrun. Together they co-wrote sourcebooks for Shadowrun, Earthdawn and Paranoia, and later worked as scriptwriters in Hollywood for six years. A notable project <mask> contributed to was CBS Television’s The Agency.<mask> eventually met BioWare representatives at the Game Developers Conference one year, and commenced employment at BioWare from 2005 onwards. <mask> worked with the first three mainline titles in the Dragon Age franchise, starting with 2009's Dragon Age: Origins. <mask> was responsible for developing dwarven civilization and culture in the Dragon Age setting, Thedas, and wrote the origin stories of dwarven player characters as well as the narrative for the Deep Roads region. <mask> said she wanted the setting's dwarven culture to reflect the dichotomies between extreme wealth and power, to extreme poverty and disenfranchisement. Origins was a critical and commercial success, with particular praise for its story and characters. In subsequent sequels to

masks:
Jennifer Brandes Hepler
Hepler
Hepler
Chris Hepler
Hepler
Hepler
Hepler
Hepler
Hepler


texts:
 Origins, <mask>'s writing contributions for notable Dragon Age characters include Anders and Cassandra Pentaghast. <mask> was also involved with writing work for multiple questlines in the massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) Star Wars: The Old Republic.Following <mask>'s departure from BioWare, she became the lead writer of Game of Thrones Ascent. <mask> was at one point attached to write for Ambrov X, an episodic RPG set in the Sime~Gen Universe, provided a funding stretch goal on Kickstarter was met. She was one of the contributors for the 2015 book The Game Narrative Toolbox, which discuss the role of a narrative designer on a video game development team. She later joined Kognito, a health simulation company which develops apps that utilizes interactive conversations for the purposes of educating, motivating and helping clients. In 2016, she is credited as the editor for Women in Game Development: Breaking the Glass Level-Cap, a book which discuss the experiences of female videogame developers about their work as well as the harassment and hostility they sometimes receive from end users of the products they contributed to. <mask> is credited as story co-designer for 2018 video game Unavowed. As of December 2020, <mask> works at Pixelberry Studios as a senior writer.Writing style
<mask> described writing as a "generally a solitary profession", and that she used to spend much of her youth at home in front of a computer writing scripts with little to no social interaction. In a 2006 interview, <mask> noted that some combat-oriented games allow players to skip cutscenes and story moments to reach fighting sequences sooner. She discussed the possibility of a

masks: Hepler Hepler Hepler Hepler Hepler Hepler Hepler Hepler


texts:
 role-playing game which allows players the option to bypass combat in favor of story moments, and reasoned that building up relationships among her companion characters and the world around them is more interesting than trading blows with enemy units. Her comments inspired Wadjet Eye Games founder Dave Gilbert to develop a role-playing game without combat mechanics, which eventually became Unavowed. Harassment
Following the release of Dragon Age II, which received a divisive reaction from players, <mask> was targeted for harassment due to her work on the game. In particular, her comments about gameplay and narrative design from the 2006 interview were used out of its original context by some harassers to justify their behavior. According to <mask>, she had received death threats not only to herself, but also to her family and children.In response to the harassment, Bioware publicly condemned the harassers and supported <mask>. On one occasion, the company donated a thousand dollars to a Canadian anti-bullying charity set up in <mask>'s name. By August 2013 it was announced that <mask> was leaving BioWare, with widespread coverage initially linking her departure to the harassment she had faced. <mask> promptly clarified that she left due to family reasons, and also to work on a book and to pursue work as a freelance game writer and consultant. During a 2016 interview conducted by Polygon staff, <mask> explained that she was no longer interested in writing work for video game projects which she believed psychologically rewarded players who were attacking her with gameplay that allowed them to do the same things they did to her in real life. Personal life
<mask> is married to video


texts:
 game developer and longtime collaborator <mask>, who is also a former BioWare employee. Works

Television
The Agency (2001-2003), CBS.Video games
Dragon Age: Origins (2009), Electronic Arts, Inc.
Dragon Age: Origins – Awakening (2010), Electronic Arts, Inc.
Dragon Age II (2011), Electronic Arts, Inc.
Star Wars: The Old Republic (2011), Electronic Arts, Inc.
Game of Thrones Ascent (2013), Disruptor Beam
Dragon Age: Inquisition (2014), Electronic Arts, Inc.
Unavowed (2018), Wadjet Eye Games

Books
Shadowrun Companion: Beyond the Shadows (1996), FASA. Ork Nation Of Cara Fahd (Earthdawn RPG) (1998), FASA. A Complex of Dimness Adventure For Paranoia, Creatures of the Nightcycle Paperback (1998), West End Games. Cyberpirates: A Shadowrun Sourcebook (1998), FASA. M.I.T.H. : Operation Smoking Jaguar (2005), Image Comics. Nations of Barsaive 3: Cara Fahd (2011), RedBrick (Mongoose Publishing).The Game Narrative Toolbox (2015), CRC Press. Women in Game Development: Breaking the Glass Level-Cap (2016), CRC Press. See also
Gamergate controversy, an online harassment campaign which targeted female video game developers

References

BioWare people
Living people
Role-playing game designers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Victims of cyberbullying
Women video game


texts:
<mask> is the pen name of Raghav G. Nair (born 1956, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala), an Indian English poet. He is best known for his poem "Father, Wake Us In Passing". He is also the founder editor of quarterly poetry journal Poetry Chain. <mask> lives in Trivandrum, Kerala. Early life and education
<mask> studied at the Loyola English School and Arya Central School, Trivandrum. He obtained his Bachelor's and Master's degrees in English from the Institute of English, Trivandrum. <mask> won his first poetry prize in University college poetry competitions, and soon published his poetry in Indian magazines publishing poetry in English.He attended the Master of Fine Arts (Poetry) program of the Texas State University, Southwest Texas, US. In 2005, he was Poet-in-Residence at the University of Augsburg, Germany, on a sponsorship by the Indian Council of Cultural Relations (ICCR) in association with Tagore Centre, Berlin. On 4 August 2019, he was requested to join the Indian Writers Association as a member of its advisory board. Career

As poet

<mask> <mask> won both the All-India Special Poetry Prize of the British Council-Poetry Society, India All India Poetry Competitions (AIPC) in 1997 for his poem "These are the things we could talk about" and Second Prize for his poem "Digging" in the General Category of the Competition in 1997. Between 1995 and 1998, he won two more poetry prizes presented by the British Council – Poetry Society (India) sponsored All India Poetry Competitions (AIPC). His other major poetry prizes include The All India Poetry Competition(2017) and Wingword International Poetry Award(2021). Kottoor's "Father, Wake Us In Passing" (2000), which won for the poet a Residency in the University of Augsburg, Germany, is a touching poem sequence on his father in coma, and dying.It has received rave reviews. <mask>'s poetry has appeared in international journals that include  Orbis (UK) , Ariel (University of Calgary), Toronto Review

masks:
Gopikrishnan Kottoor
Kottoor
Kottoor
Kottoor
Gopi
Kottoor
Kottoor


texts:
 (Canada), Plaza (Japan), Arabesques Review (Africa), Persona (Texas State University Journal),  Bluefifth Online (UK),  Chiaroscuro Magazine (UK), Levure littéraire (UK), Big bridge (UK) , Nth Position (UK),  New English Review (UK)  and others. His poems are also featured in the anthology, The Dance of the Peacock. A selection of <mask> <mask>'s poetry, 'Vrindavan' and Changampuzha's elegy 'Ramanan' in translation can be read online here

As playwright

<mask>'s play The Nectar of the Gods (2015) is a socio-historical take on the life of the palace soldier Devasahayam (Lazarus), who was executed following his conversion to Christianity during the reign of King Marthanda Varma (Kerala, 18c). His other plays include The Mask of Death, a radio-play on the dying days of the Romantic poet John Keats in Rome, Fire in the Soul, a play on the life and times of the Nationalist rebel poet of India, Subramania Bharati, and A Woman in Flames. As novelist

<mask>'s first novel, A Bridge Over Karma, was translated into Malayalam and serialized in the popular Malayalam journal Kala Kaumudi. As editor

<mask> founded and edited Poetry Chain, a quarterly for Indian poetry in English, which ran from 1997–2007.He also edits the E-zine Underground Flowers. Awards

 All India Poetry Competition (First Prize), The Poetry Society India, 2017. All India Special Poetry Prize, Poetry Society, India and The British Council, 1997. All India Poetry Prize (Second Prize), Poetry Society, India and The British Council, 1997. All India Poetry Awards, Commendation prizes, 1995 & 1998. The Bharathi Prize, Chennai (1995)
 The Kerala University College Prize (1976)
 The Clover Poetry Prize, Commendation (1973)

Honours
 Philip McCormick Scholarship, Texas State University, Texas, US 2000
 Distinguished Guest from India, Government of India Annual Report 2005-2006,(p) 152
 Michael Madhusudan Dutt Award
 D.Litt, World Academy of Arts, California, US
 21 Top Indian

masks: Gopi Kottoor Kottoor Kottoor Kottoor


texts:
 Poets

Bibliography

Poetry
 Piccolo
 Milestones to the Sun
 Sunbirds in the Rain
 Nirvana and Other poems
 Rev: Father Benedict Goes To Heaven and Other poems
 Father, Wake Us In Passing,(Vater, Wecke Uns Im Vorübergehen – German, Laufschrift 2004)
 Mother Sonata
 A Buchenwald Diary (Poems following a visit to Buchenwald Concentration camp, Weimar, Germany)
 Victoria Terminus, Poems Selected and New
 Vrindavan – The Coloured Yolk of Love
 Tell Me Neruda

Novels
 A Bridge Over Karma (Katha Distribution, New Delhi)  Karmathinu Mele Oru Palam (Translation, Malayalam, Moosakutty). by Jeet Thayil and published by Bloodaxe Books Ltd., United Kingdom
 Give the Sea Change USA (Fulcrum, Ed.Jeet Thayil )
 The Golden Jubilee Anthology of Indian Poets in English NBT, India (Ed.Eunice de Souza )
 99 Poets (Ed. Manu Dash)
 The Dance of the Peacock: An Anthology of English Poetry from India (2013) ed. by Vivekanand Jha and published by Hidden Brook Press, Canada
 Travelogue : The Grand Indian Express (2018) ed. by Dr. Ananad Kumar and published by Authorspress, New Delhi

Literature Arts and Culture
Tribute From France:Review
Keats Home Hampstead England:Review

References

Sources
 Father, Wake us in Passing: A Book of poems (A Poetry Chain Imprint)Review: Touching Recollections
 Father Wake Us in Passing: Review: Beyond The Confessional
 Father Wake Us in Passing(Guest Poet Readings at University of Augsburg Germany): Comment
 The Coloured Yolk of Love: Poetry Online
 Varnamala – A Web Anthology of Indian English Poetry Anthology
 Bluefifth Review Winter 2003 PoetryOnline
 NthPosition Online Magazine PoetryOnline
 The Poetry of Emotion, Colour and Passion Literary Interview
 Transcreating Poonthanam Review
 Meditations on Life Review
 E-books India

 The Enchanting Verses
 Bigbridge Anthology PartII
 Life and Legends

1956 births
Living people
Indian male poets
Writers from Thiruvananthapuram
English-language poets from India
Indian male


texts:
<mask> (born July 12, 1971 in Busko Zdrój, Poland as Piotr Krzysztof Marzec), better known as <mask> (Leeroy), is a Polish rapper and politician. He is one of the pioneers of rap and hip-hop culture in Poland. His CDs include East On Da Mic (as PM Cool Lee), Albóóm, Bafangoo Part 1, L,  Bafangoo Part 2 (Dzień Szaka-La), Bestseller and L-Nińo vol. 1. In 2015, he retired from his music career and was elected as a member of the Sejm. He was a part of Kukiz'15, representing Kielce. He was then an independent lawmaker.In 2017 he founded a political association, Skuteczni. At the end of 2018 he joined the Propolish Coalition later renamed to Confederation KORWiN Braun <mask> Narodowcy. He was the chairman of the parliamentary group on medical marijuana. Career

1982–1994
 1982 – first experiences with rap music, first mixtape
 1983 – first experiences as DJ and MC, first attempts as musician with rock bands
 1984–1991 – first rap performances (streets and clubs), breakdancing
 1991 – trip to France, with Polish-American group Leeroy & the Western Posse performances in European clubs
 August–September 1992 – recording of his first material released later as PM Cool Lee
 January 1993 – recording of his first TV appearance for Polish TVP2
 October 18, 1994 – signed a deal with BMG Poland

1995
 May 22, 1995 – release of mini album SCYZORYK with tracks "Scyzoryk", "Korrba" and "Coraz Daley od Rayoo"
 June 7, 1995 – release of video "Scyzoryk", track reaches most of top 10 of country playlists
 July 4, 1995 – <mask> gets standing ovation at Sopot during Marlboro Rock in Festival where he supports Ice-T and Body Count
 July 5, 1995 – Ice T calls Liroy OG of Poland at the press conference in Sopot. "He is cool. 2001 – re-edition of 10 is

masks:
Piotr Krzysztof Liroy Marzec
Liroy
Liroy
Liroy


texts:
 released. Includes remix of hit track "Scyzoryk" made by Jason Nevins.March 2001 – working on the next album in his own studio Def Noizz. September/October – recording sessions for the new LP to be called Bestseller – album includes artists: Ice-T, Lionel Richie, Prodigal Sunn, DJ Tomekk, and Da G.K.K.M. October 17, 2001 – <mask>'s 1st Bestseller's SP called Hello – a ty czujesz to? is released. Track is featured by Lionel Ritchie. November 12, 2001 – <mask>'s album Bestseller is released; Album becomes top 10 best selling album for few months. SP called Hello – czy ty czujesz to!'becomes one of the best playing songs in 2001/2002
 April 2002 – <mask> is nominated with Fryderyk (Polish equivalent of Grammy Award) for Bestseller as best Rap/Hip-hop album & Video of the Year in 2001. September 2002 – 1st studio session in New York. Start working on 3 parts CD called L Nino;
 July 2003 – <mask> is opening his own night club in Philadelphia (USA) called LIROYS
 September 2003 – Liroy managing and producing Eastern European Tour (or hip-hop icons PMD, DJ HONDA and K-SOLO;
 March 2004 – Liroy Bank Foundation is officially open. Foundation is a help for talented kids from the streets of Kielce city, Liroy's hometown;
 September 2004 – release of video Kiedys Przyjdzie Taki Dzien 1st single from forthcoming album;
 December 2004 – Liroy's new single track titled Kiedys Przyjdzie Taki Dzien is released;
 March 2005 – release of video (Kielce) My robimy To Tak ! 2nd single from forthcoming album;
 April 2005 – new single track titled (Kielce) My robimy To Tak ! is released;
 July–December 2005 – finishing the seventh album called L Nino cz.l / wstep in his own studio Def Noizz in Warsaw & touring
 Jan.-August 2006 – Liroy on tour all around

masks: Liroy Liroy Liroy Liroy


texts:
 Poland;
 Sept/November 2006 – finishing new LP called L Nino vol 1
 November 26, 2006 – Interview & live on stage at TVN program called Kuba Wojewódzki Show
 November 27, 2006 – <mask>'s album L Nine vol 1 is released exclusively at Allegro. November 27, 2006 – madness starts – over 1000 CDs of L Nino vol 1 sold in 10 hours at Allegro, This is fastest selling CD in the history of Allegro.December 4, 2006 – officially release of L Nino vol.1
 December 5, 2006 – L Nino vol 1 becomes Gold. December 31, 2006 – video shoot of „ Ta Noc Jest za Krótka na Sen" at 6 different New Year's parties. January 4, 2007 – L Nino vol J release party at Warsaw club ZOO. February 2007 – release of video " Ta Noc Jest za Krotka na Sen"
 February 2007 – L Nino vol 1 becomes Platinum
 March 2007 – Liroy opening new street wear company called DEF Life. June 2007 – DEF Life's first collection in stores. June 2007 – project called DOM WARIATA (MAD HOUSE) is born. July/August 2007 – Ta Noc Jest za Krótka na Sen remix contest.September 2007 – interview at TVN program called Szymon Majewski Show
 September 2007 – recording 13 parts of SHIBUYA TV show for VIVA TV. Oct./November 2007 – working on the next album called Grandpaparapa (Powrót Króla)
 November 2007 – L Nino vol.l sold over 50,000 copies
 December 2007 – 25 year anniversary of <mask>'s rap adventure
 December 9, 2007 – <mask> as a star of famous TVP2 show called Szansa na Sukces
 December 21, 2007 – <mask>'s double album Grandpaparapa (Powrót Króla) is released exclusively and only at internet as a limited edition of 3000 copies. Discography

Studio albums

Compilation albums

EPs

References

External links

1971 births
Living people
People from Busko County
Members of the Polish Sejm


texts:
<mask> (born <mask> and also called <mask> or Ioan Vințe; September 1, 1910 – 1996) was a Romanian communist politician and diplomat. An activist of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR), he was married to Constanța Crăciun, herself a prominent member of that party. Biography
Born to an ethnic Hungarian family in Lipova, Arad County (then Lippa, Austria-Hungary), he became a member of the Union of Communist Youth in 1930 and of the then-outlawed PCR the following year. An accountant by profession, he attended Școala Superioară de Comerț and Academia Comercială din Cluj. In 1935, he was briefly imprisoned for his activities in support of the PCR. During World War II, Vincze was in Bucharest, becoming involved in activities against the fascist regime of <mask> (see Romania during World War II). By then, he was already in a relationship with Constanța Crăciun, and allegations later surfaced that she was unsuccessfully courted by the PCR general secretary, Ştefan Foriş.On November 19, 1942, a military tribunal in the city condemned him to hard labour for life, having found that "He was part of the central leadership of the Communist Party of Romania, being tasked with the indoctrination of the capital's young people. He was ordered by the party to procure false identity cards for members of the Communist Party who were to remain in Romania clandestinely. He took part in conspiratorial sessions. He recruited and instructed new members of the communist movement. He received and spread communist propaganda materials and gave instructions regarding the organisation of a Communist Youth of Romania. He refused to declare to us his place of residence, which indicates that in that place there was to be found an important stock of materials,

masks:
Ion Vincze
Vincze János
Ion
Ion Antonescu


texts:
 instructions, and names of important persons who form part of the leadership of the Communist Movement." Vincze was held in Caransebeş prison, while his lover Crăciun was serving time in Văcăreşti.Petre Pandrea, a PCR activist who was not arrested, visited him and Crăciun, and later recounted that both detainees had been bastinadoed by the authorities during interrogations. Pandrea also left detail on the couple's wedding in custody, indicating that he and his acquaintance, the Roman Catholic cleric Vladimir Ghika, were their godparents. Later in their life, both Ghika and Pandrea were to be incarcerated by the Romanian communist regime. In reference to this, Pandrea noted:
"I'm not sorry that I and Monsignor Vladimir Gh[i]ka have later been jailed in the prisons set up by these fiancées and grooms [...]. Gratitude is a rare flower. I have forgiven them and I do not forget." Released after the coup of August 1944, Vincze held a number of positions in the PCR (which soon after became the Romanian Workers' Party, PMR).His name came up in 1944–1946, when Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej and his inner-PCR faction succeeded in toppling, kidnapping, and ultimately killing their rival Foriș. Among the informal charges brought against Foriș was his alleged attempt to seduce Crăciun during the war years, when she considered herself engaged to Vincze, and of having thus caused her a nervous breakdown which, it was argued, had facilitated her capture by the authorities. During the period, Vincze was close to the Ana Pauker-Vasile Luca-Teohari Georgescu faction, which competed with Gheorghiu-Dej's grouping. According to politician Gyárfás Kurkó, <mask> and Luca secretly oversaw the absorption of smaller Hungarian groups into the new Hungarian People's


texts: Union, a mass organisation which was to function as a close associate of the PMR. On October 5, 1945, he and Luca, together with other communist activists, attended a meeting with representatives of various PCR affiliates, including representatives of the Jewish community. On this occasion, various party activists issued verbal attacks against the main Jewish anti-communist currents — the moderates led by Wilhelm Filderman and the Zionists represented by A. L. Zissu. <mask> was elected to the Assembly of Deputies in the 1946 election for the Arad electoral district, as a representative of the PCR-led Bloc of Democratic Parties, and served there until 1948.One of his fellow representatives for Arad County was the prominent PCR member Lucreţiu Pătrăşcanu. According to Anton Rațiu and Nicolae Betea, two of Pătrășcanu's collaborators, the results in that constituency were forged by a group of 40 people (including Belu Zilber and Anton Golopenţia). They stated that the president of the county electoral commission collected the votes from local stations and was required to read them aloud — irrespective of the option expressed, he called out the names of the Bloc's candidates. Nicolae Betea also indicated that the overall results for the Bloc of Democratic Parties in Arad County, officially recorded at 58%, were closer to 20%. A supplementary member of the PMR Central Committee from February 24, 1948 to December 28, 1955, he was Minister of Forestry in the Petru Groza cabinet, from April 14, 1948 to November 23, 1949. He was subsequently appointed Romania's Ambassador to the People's Republic of Hungary, at a time when the Hungarian communist politician László Rajk was being purged by his rival Mátyás Rákosi. According to journalist Pál


texts: Bodor, Vincze organized secret meetings between Rákosi and the emerging Romanian leader, Gheorghiu-Dej, which took place in Romania's Bihor County.As a result of these, Gheorghiu-Dej and Rákosi agreed that the Romanian leadership was to arrest and prosecute various ethnic Hungarians who were charged with having supported Rajk's policies. Among these were Gyàrfás Kurkó; Áron Márton, the Roman Catholic Bishop of Alba Iulia; the urban planner György Sebestyén; and the academics József Méliusz, Lajos Csögör and Edgár Balogh. Pál Bodor believes that Vincze may have played a personal part in the purge. Vincze returned to Romania soon after, and was Minister of Food Industry from November 23, 1949 to December 15, 1950. He was elected as a deputy to the Great National Assembly for the Timișoara-Nord seat in Timișoara Region, and served in that body from 1952 to 1957. In late May 1952, when Luca's fall from power signaled his group's defeat by Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej and his partisans, Vincze was noted for abruptly ending his association with Pauker. With Alexandru Moghioroş, Iosif Rangheţ, Gheorghe Stoica and others, he attacked Luca's policies in public, leading to his demotion and subsequent arrest.He became deputy minister at the Ministry of Internal Affairs after May 28, 1952, under Premiers Groza and Gheorghiu-Dej. Promoted to the rank of Major General (general-maior) in the Romanian Armed Forces in June 1952, he also served as chief of the Administrative Section of the Central Committee of the Romanian Workers' Party until January 24, 1956. <mask> was vice-president of the Party Control Commission between December 28, 1955 and July 24, 1965. At the time, the body was led by Dumitru Coliu, who, together with Vincze, engineered a


texts:
 series of inner-PMR inquiries and investigations that relied on denunciations. This came in the wake of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, after criticism of Gheorghiu-Dej had been voiced at home (notably, by Miron Constantinescu and Iosif Chişinevschi). During that period, Coliu, <mask>, Petre Borilă and Gheorghe Stoica ordered the Securitate to carry out arrests and organise repressive actions. Alongside Gheorghe Apostol, Constantin Pîrvulescu, Moghioroș and Borilă, Vincze was Gheorghiu-Dej's emissary during renewed discussions with Pauker, when they attempted to make her admit that she was guilty of "deviationism".In 1968, when the new leadership around Nicolae Ceauşescu offered concessions to ethnic Hungarian intellectuals, it created a Council of Working People of Magyar Nationality, of which Vincze was named vice-president. Upon selection, he reportedly announced to the community that he was "returning to the womb". Vincze was also vice-president of the Central Party College from July 24, 1965 to August 12, 1969 and a member of the National Council of Romanian Radio and Television from March 8, 1971. He died in Bucharest. Notes

References
Vladimir Tismăneanu, Stalinism pentru eternitate, Polirom, Iaşi, 2005  (translation of Stalinism for All Seasons: A Political History of Romanian Communism, University of California Press, Berkeley, 2003, ). 1910 births
1996 deaths
Members of the Great National Assembly
Presidents of the Great National Assembly
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Romania)
Members of the Romanian Cabinet
Romanian communists
Romanian politicians of ethnic minority parties
Romanian diplomats
Romanian Land Forces generals
Romanian people of World War II
Romanian politicians of Hungarian descent
People from


texts:
<mask> (10 February 1775 – 27 December 1834) was an English essayist, poet, and antiquarian, best known for his Essays of Elia and for the children's book Tales from Shakespeare, co-authored with his sister, <mask> (1764–1847). Friends with such literary luminaries as Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey, William Wordsworth, and William Hazlitt, <mask> was at the centre of a major literary circle in England. He has been referred to by E. V. Lucas, his principal biographer, as "the most lovable figure in English literature". Youth and schooling

<mask> was born in London, the son of Elizabeth Field and <mask>. <mask> was the youngest child, with a sister 11 years older named Mary and an even older brother named John; there were four others who did not survive infancy. His father <mask> was a lawyer's clerk and spent most of his professional life as the assistant to a barrister named Samuel Salt, who lived in the Inner Temple in the legal district of London. It was there in Crown Office Row that <mask> was born and spent his youth.<mask> created a portrait of his father in his "Elia on the Old Benchers" under the name Lovel. <mask>'s older brother was too much his senior to be a youthful companion to the boy but his sister Mary, being born eleven years before him, was probably his closest playmate. <mask> was also cared for by his paternal aunt Hetty, who seems to have had a particular fondness for him. A number of writings by both <mask> and Mary suggest that the conflict between Aunt Hetty and her sister-in-law created a certain degree of tension in the <mask> household.

masks:
Charles Lamb
Mary Lamb
Lamb
Lamb
John Lamb
Lamb
John Lamb
Charles Lamb
Lamb
Lamb
Lamb
Charles
Lamb


texts: However, <mask> speaks fondly of her and her presence in the house seems to have brought a great deal of comfort to him. Some of <mask>'s fondest childhood memories were of time spent with Mrs Field, his maternal grandmother, who was for many years a servant to the Plumer family, who owned a large country house called Blakesware, near Widford, Hertfordshire. After the death of Mrs Plumer, <mask>'s grandmother was in sole charge of the large home and, as William Plumer was often absent, <mask> had free rein of the place during his visits.A picture of these visits can be glimpsed in the Elia essay Blakesmoor in H—shire. Why, every plank and panel of that house for me had magic in it. The tapestried bed-rooms – tapestry so much better than painting – not adorning merely, but peopling the wainscots – at which childhood ever and anon would steal a look, shifting its coverlid (replaced as quickly) to exercise its tender courage in a momentary eye-encounter with those stern bright visages, staring reciprocally – all Ovid on the walls, in colours vivider than his descriptions. Little is known about <mask>'s life before he was seven other than that Mary taught him to read at a very early age and he read voraciously. It is believed that he suffered from smallpox during his early years, which forced him into a long period of convalescence. After this period of recovery <mask> began to take lessons from Mrs Reynolds, a woman who lived in the Temple and is believed to have been the former wife of a lawyer. Mrs Reynolds must have been a sympathetic schoolmistress because <mask>

masks: Charles Lamb Lamb Charles Charles Lamb Lamb


texts: maintained a relationship with her throughout his life and she is known to have attended dinner parties held by Mary and <mask> in the 1820s.E. V. Lucas suggests that sometime in 1781 <mask> left Mrs Reynolds and began to study at the Academy of William Bird. His time with William Bird did not last long, however, because by October 1782 <mask> was enrolled in Christ's Hospital, a charity boarding school chartered by King Edward VI in 1553. A thorough record of Christ's Hospital is to be found in several essays by <mask> as well as The Autobiography of Leigh Hunt and the Biographia Literaria of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, with whom <mask> developed a friendship that would last for their entire lives. Despite the school's brutality, <mask> got along well there, due in part, perhaps, to the fact that his home was not far distant, thus enabling him, unlike many other boys, to return often to its safety. Years later, in his essay "Christ's Hospital Five and Thirty Years Ago", <mask> described these events, speaking of himself in the third person as "L". "I remember L. at school; and can well recollect that he had some peculiar advantages, which I and other of his schoolfellows had not. His friends lived in town, and were near at hand; and he had the privilege of going to see them, almost as often as he wished, through some invidious distinction, which was denied to us."Christ's Hospital was a typical English boarding school and many students later wrote of the terrible violence they suffered there. The upper master (i.e. principal or headteacher) of the school from 1778 to 1799

masks: Charles Charles Lamb Lamb Charles Lamb Lamb


texts: was Reverend James Boyer, a man renowned for his unpredictable and capricious temper. In one famous story Boyer was said to have knocked one of Leigh Hunt's teeth out by throwing a copy of Homer at him from across the room. <mask> seemed to have escaped much of this brutality, in part because of his amiable personality and in part because Samuel Salt, his father's employer and <mask>'s sponsor at the school, was one of the institute's governors. <mask> had a stutter and this "inconquerable impediment" in his speech deprived him of Grecian status at Christ's Hospital, thus disqualifying him for a clerical career. While Coleridge and other scholarly boys were able to go on to Cambridge, <mask> left school at fourteen and was forced to find a more prosaic career.For a short time he worked in the office of Joseph Paice, a London merchant, and then, for 23 weeks, until 8 February 1792, held a small post in the Examiner's Office of the South Sea House. Its subsequent downfall in a pyramid scheme after <mask> left (the South Sea Bubble) would be contrasted to the company's prosperity in the first Elia essay. On 5 April 1792 he went to work in the Accountant's Office for the British East India Company, the death of his father's employer having ruined the family's fortunes. <mask> would continue to work there for 25 years, until his retirement with pension (the "superannuation" he refers to in the title of one essay). In 1792 while tending to his grandmother, Mary Field, in Hertfordshire, <mask> fell in love with a young woman named Ann Simmons. Although no epistolary record exists

masks:
Lamb
Lamb
Charles Lamb
Lamb
Lamb
Charles
Charles Lamb


texts:
 of the relationship between the two, <mask> seems to have spent years wooing her. The record of the love exists in several accounts of <mask>'s writing."Rosamund Gray" is a story of a young man named Allen Clare who loves Rosamund Gray but their relationship comes to nothing because of her sudden death. Miss Simmons also appears in several Elia essays under the name "Alice M". The essays "Dream Children", "New Year's Eve", and several others, speak of the many years that <mask> spent pursuing his love that ultimately failed. Miss Simmons eventually went on to marry a silversmith and <mask> called the failure of the affair his "great disappointment". Family tragedy
Both <mask> and his sister Mary suffered a period of mental illness. As he himself confessed in a letter, <mask> spent six weeks in a mental facility during 1795:

<mask>'s illness was more severe than her brother's, and it led her to become aggressive on a fatal occasion. On 22 September 1796, while preparing dinner, Mary became angry with her apprentice, roughly shoving the little girl out of her way and pushing her into another room.Her mother, Elizabeth, began admonishing her for this, and Mary suffered a mental breakdown. She took the kitchen knife she had been holding, unsheathed it, and approached her mother, who was sitting down. Mary, "worn down to a state of extreme nervous misery by attention to needlework by day and to her mother at night", was seized with acute mania and stabbed her mother in the heart with a table knife. <mask> ran into the house soon after the murder and took the knife out of

masks:
Lamb
Lamb
Lamb
Lamb
Charles
Charles
Mary Lamb
Charles


texts:
 Mary's hand. Later in the evening, <mask> found a local place for Mary in a private mental facility called Fisher House, which had been found with the help of a doctor friend of his. While reports were published by the media, <mask> wrote a letter to Samuel Taylor Coleridge in connection to the matricide:

<mask> took over responsibility for Mary after refusing his brother John's suggestion that they have her committed to a public lunatic asylum. <mask> used a large part of his relatively meagre income to keep his beloved sister in the private "madhouse" in Islington.With the help of friends, <mask> succeeded in obtaining his sister's release from what would otherwise have been lifelong imprisonment. Although there was no legal status of "insanity" at the time, the jury returned the verdict of "lunacy" which was how she was freed from guilt of willful murder, on the condition that <mask> take personal responsibility for her safekeeping. The 1799 death of <mask> was something of a relief to <mask> because his father had been mentally incapacitated for a number of years since suffering a stroke. The death of his father also meant that Mary could come to live again with him in Pentonville, and in 1800 they set up a shared home at Mitre Court Buildings in the Temple, where they would live until 1809. In 1800, Mary's illness came back and <mask> had to take her back again to the asylum. In those days, <mask> sent a letter to Coleridge, in which he admitted he felt melancholic and lonely, adding "I almost wish that Mary were dead." Later she would come back, and both he and his

masks:
Charles
Charles
Charles
Lamb
Lamb
Charles
John Lamb
Charles
Charles
Charles


texts: sister would enjoy an active and rich social life.Their London quarters became a kind of weekly salon for many of the most outstanding theatrical and literary figures of the day. In 1869, a club, The Lambs, was formed in London to carry on their salon tradition. The actor Henry James Montague founded the club's New York counterpart in 1874. <mask>, having been to school with Samuel Coleridge, counted Coleridge as perhaps his closest, and certainly his oldest, friend. On his deathbed, Coleridge had a mourning ring sent to <mask> and his sister. Fortuitously, <mask>'s first publication was in 1796, when four sonnets by "Mr <mask> of the India House" appeared in Coleridge's Poems on Various Subjects. In 1797 he contributed additional blank verse to the second edition, and met the Wordsworths, William and Dorothy, on his short summer holiday with Coleridge at Nether Stowey, thereby also striking up a lifelong friendship with William.In London, <mask> became familiar with a group of young writers who favoured political reform, including Percy Bysshe Shelley, William Hazlitt, Leigh Hunt and William Hone. <mask> continued to clerk for the East India Company and doubled as a writer in various genres, his tragedy, John Woodvil, being published in 1802. His farce, Mr H, was performed at Drury Lane in 1807, where it was roundly booed. In the same year, Tales from Shakespeare (<mask> handled the tragedies; his sister Mary, the comedies) was published, and became a best seller for William Godwin's "Children's Library". On 20 July 1819, at age 44, <mask>, who, because of family

masks:
Charles Lamb
Lamb
Lamb
Charles Lamb
Lamb
Lamb
Charles
Lamb


texts:
 commitments, had never married, fell in love with an actress, Fanny Kelly, of Covent Garden, and besides writing her a sonnet he also proposed marriage. She refused him, and he died a bachelor. His collected essays, under the title Essays of Elia, were published in 1823 ("Elia" being the pen name <mask> used as a contributor to The London Magazine).The Essays of Elia would be criticised in the Quarterly Review (January 1823) by Robert Southey, who thought its author to be irreligious. When <mask> read the review, entitled "The Progress of Infidelity", he was filled with indignation, and wrote a letter to his friend Bernard Barton, where <mask> declared he hated the review, and emphasised that his words "meant no harm to religion". First, <mask> did not want to retort, since he actually admired Southey; but later he felt the need to write a letter "Elia to Southey", in which he complained and expressed that the fact that he was a dissenter of the Church, did not make him an irreligious man. The letter would be published in The London Magazine, in October 1823:

A further collection called The Last Essays of Elia was published in 1833, shortly before <mask>'s death. Also, in 1834, Samuel Coleridge died. The funeral was confined only to the family of the writer, so <mask> was prevented from attending and only wrote a letter to Rev. James Gilman, a very close [word missing], expressing his condolences.On 27 December 1834, <mask> died of a streptococcal infection, erysipelas, contracted from a minor graze on his face sustained after slipping in the street; he was 59. From 1833

masks: Lamb Charles Lamb Lamb Lamb Lamb Lamb


texts:
 till their deaths, <mask> and Mary lived at Bay Cottage, Church Street, Edmonton, north of London (now part of the London Borough of Enfield). <mask> is buried in All Saints' Churchyard, Edmonton. His sister, who was ten years his senior, survived him for more than a dozen years. She is buried beside him. Work
<mask>'s first publication was the inclusion of four sonnets in Coleridge's Poems on Various Subjects, published in 1796 by Joseph Cottle. The sonnets were significantly influenced by the poems of Burns and the sonnets of William Bowles, a largely forgotten poet of the late 18th century.<mask>'s poems garnered little attention and are seldom read today. As he himself came to realise, he was a much more talented prose stylist than poet. Indeed, one of the most celebrated poets of the day—William Wordsworth—wrote to John Scott as early as 1815 that <mask> "writes prose exquisitely"—and this was five years before <mask> began The Essays of Elia for which he is now most famous. Notwithstanding, <mask>'s contributions to Coleridge's second edition of the Poems on Various Subjects showed significant growth as a poet. These poems included The Tomb of Douglas and A Vision of Repentance. Because of a temporary falling out with Coleridge, <mask>'s poems were to be excluded in the third edition of the Poems though as it turned out a third edition never emerged. Instead, Coleridge's next publication was the monumentally influential Lyrical Ballads co-published with Wordsworth.<mask>, on the other hand, published a book entitled Blank Verse with <mask>, the mentally unstable son

masks:
Charles
Lamb
Lamb
Lamb
Lamb
Lamb
Lamb
Lamb
Lamb
Charles Lloyd


texts:
 of the founder of Lloyds Bank. <mask>'s most famous poem was written at this time and entitled The Old Familiar Faces. Like most of <mask>'s poems, it is unabashedly sentimental, and perhaps for this reason it is still remembered and widely read today, being often included in anthologies of British and Romantic period poetry. Of particular interest to Lambarians is the opening verse of the original version of The Old Familiar Faces, which is concerned with <mask>'s mother, whom <mask> killed. It was a verse that <mask> chose to remove from the edition of his Collected Work published in 1818:

I had a mother, but she died, and left me,
Died prematurely in a day of horrors –
All, all are gone, the old familiar faces. In the final years of the 18th century, <mask> began to work on prose, first in a novella entitled Rosamund Gray, which tells the story of a young girl whose character is thought to be based on Ann Simmons, an early love interest. Although the story is not particularly successful as a narrative because of <mask>'s poor sense of plot, it was well thought of by <mask>'s contemporaries and led Shelley to observe, "what a lovely thing is Rosamund Gray!How much knowledge of the sweetest part of our nature in it!" (Quoted in Barnett, page 50)

In the first years of the 19th century, <mask> began a fruitful literary cooperation with his sister Mary. Together they wrote at least three books for William Godwin's Juvenile Library. The most successful of these was Tales From Shakespeare, which ran through two editions for Godwin and has been published dozens of times in

masks:
Lamb
Lamb
Lamb
Mary Lamb
Lamb
Lamb
Lamb
Lamb
Lamb