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 2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships in Irvine, California. <mask> was a six-time US National Champion.He won two national titles in the 800 m freestyle, two in the 5 km open water, and two in the 10 km open water event. Crippen represented Germantown Academy Aquatic Club in Fort Washington, PA. He also represented TYR Sports and Swimming, Inc.

Death

<mask> died while swimming the last race of FINA's 2010 10K series in Fujairah, United Arab Emirates after having won the penultimate race in Cancun, Mexico the weekend before. <mask>'s absence at the finish was reportedly first noticed by fellow USA swimmer Alex Meyer. After searching for Crippen and not finding him, Meyer and other swimmers returned to the water to try to locate Crippen. Two hours after the finish of the men's race, and after 90 minutes of searching by other swimmers, Crippen's body was found underwater by deep-sea divers near the race course's final buoy about 500 yards from shore. Crippen was rushed to the local hospital, where he was pronounced dead, though it was suspected he died at the scene.Winner Thomas Lurz and other swimmers cited the water as being overly warm—above  during the race—and several other swimmers experienced heat-related symptoms upon completing the race, including two Americans and one Brazilian (Allan do Carmo) who were briefly hospitalized. FINA president Dr. Julio Maglione said it was the first death in any FINA event and an investigation was opened. Crippen had told his coach after 8 kilometers that he was feeling thirsty, yet continued with the race. A report released by FINA following Crippen's death called for an update in open water swimming safety regulations. The report concluded that Crippen may have died of a "cardiac abnormality" and "uncontrolled exercise-induced asthma in unfavourable race environmental conditions." Changing the open water scene

Following Crippen's death, members of the swimming community and overall Olympic community were outraged with the lack of

masks: Crippen Crippen Crippen


type: original

texts:
 regulations at the site where Crippen drowned. The former vice president of the International Olympic Committee, Dick Pound, headed a separate investigation through USA Swimming due to the lack of compliance from the international governing body, FINA.According to USA Today, <mask>'s former coach Dick Shoulburg of Germantown Academy, and the <mask> family will continue to pressure FINA until new safety regulations are adopted. In USA Swimming, changes are being made for the well-being of the athletes. Organizers of an open water swim in Fort Myers have reconsidered the timing of their race because it may exceed the recommended water temperature of , or the combined air and water temperature of . United States Masters Swimming (USMS) adopted a warm water conditions rule to the USMS Open Water Rule 302.2.2 (3) A swim of 5 kilometers or greater shall not begin if the water temperature exceeds 85° Fahrenheit (29.45° Celsius). A swim of less than 5 kilometers shall not begin if the water temperature exceeds 87.8° Fahrenheit. (31° Celsius). Shoulberg is also calling on FINA to reconsider races being held in Shanghai during the summer because of excessive heat.See also
 List of University of Virginia people

References

External links

 University of Virginia bio of <mask> <mask>
 TYR bio of <mask> Crippen
 Yahoo Sports Page

1984 births
2010 deaths
American male freestyle swimmers
Male long-distance swimmers
Germantown Academy alumni
People from Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania
Sportspeople from Pennsylvania
Swimmers at the 2003 Pan American Games
Swimmers at the 2007 Pan American Games
Sport deaths in the United Arab Emirates
Virginia Cavaliers men's swimmers
World Aquatics Championships medalists in open water swimming
Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States
Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in swimming
Competitors at the 2001 Goodwill Games
Medalists at the 2003 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2007 Pan American

masks: Crippen Crippen Fran Crippen Fran


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<mask>. Čolak-Antić (; 4 August 1877 – 29 July 1945), also known as <mask>, was a Serbian  senior army officer in the Royal Serbian Army and the Royal Yugoslav Army who held a number of senior commands, staff and diplomatic functions. Born into a family with a long military history, he was educated at the Royal Military Academy before training as a staff officer in France. He saw action during both Balkan Wars and the First World War where he served with distinction as a cavalry officer. After the retreat through Albania and the transfer to Corfu, he was appointed head of the Operation Division of the Supreme Command overseeing the 1st Serbian Volunteer Corps in Odessa. After the reorganisation of the Serbian Army and its redeployment along Greece’s northern border, he took command of the 2nd Cavalry Brigade. In the post-war period he was sent to the Paris Peace Conference, as representative of the new Kingdom of SCS to the Border Commission. He then served as Military-Commander of Pecs and Baranya and then as Military Attaché in Bucharest before taking command of the 2nd Cavalry Division.Among his many decorations Čolak-Antić was awarded the French Legion of Honour for his actions during the Franco-Serb offensive of 1918, and the subsequent capitulation of Bulgaria. He later served as Inspector-General of Cavalry and as Aide-de-camp to the young King Peter II Karageorgevic from 1935 to 1939. He died in Belgrade in 1945. Early life and education
Čolak-Antić was born on 4 August 1877 at his family's home in Kragujevac, the former capital of the Principality of Serbia. As direct descendants of Vojvoda Čolak-Anta Simeonović, one of the leaders of the First Serbian Uprising of 1804, his family was among the most prominent noble military family. His mother, Jelena (née Matić) was a daughter of Minister Dimitrije Matić, the liberal politician and philosopher who had been Minister of Foreign Affairs, Minister of Education, and Minister of Justice. At the time of Čolak-Antić birth, his

masks:
Vojin I
Vojin Tcholak Antitch


texts:
 father, Colonel Ilija K. Čolak-Antić, was commander of the Ibar Army during the Serbo Turkish War, the successful war of independence from Ottoman rule, and a year later his maternal grandfather, Dimitrije Matić, was elected president of the National Assembly of Serbia, which ratified the provisions of the Treaty of Berlin proclaiming Serbia's independence.His father became military attaché in Vienna, at the time Serbia's main economic partner. <mask> had a sister Jovanka married to writer Ilija Vukićević and an older brother, Boško, born in 1871 who became a diplomat and a Marshall of the Court. Vojin was educated at Užice, in western Serbia, as his father prepared him for a military career, he was admitted at the military academy in Belgrade, where his father had taught. He was accepted as an officer cadet in the cavalry. His father died in December 1894, he graduated from the military academy four years later in 1898. Career
Upon graduation from the Military Academy, as top graduate he was picked to serve with the Royal Serbian Guard, he entered the squadron unit with the rank of sergeant. Even though the conspiracy originated within this elite unit, there is no evidence that he was involved in the plot to assassinate the Royal couple during the May Coup of June 1903.That same year he was commissioned as a cavalry lieutenant and accepted to the senior staff college of the military academy. During the coronation of Peter I of Serbia, he was part of the Honour Guard protecting the sovereign and was selected to lead the King's horse. On 7 November 1904, he was put in command of the First Squadron of the 4th Cavalry Regiment. He continued his General Staff training in the Operation Division of the Supreme Command from 1906 to 1909. In 1909, he was promoted to the rank of Cavalry Major. On 31 March 1910, as a Military Cadet, Čolak-Antić was sent for further training in France, at the 23rd Dragoon Regiment, the famed Royal Piémont as cavalry captain first class. Upon his return to


texts:
 Serbia, he was commissioned cavalry major in the General Staff of the Ministry of War.Čolak-Antić was transferred on 15 October 1911 to the 4th Cavalry Regiment. On 4 April 1912, at the end of his staff training, he was appointed deputy assistant adjutant-general to the Danube divisional area. Upon the outbreak of the Balkan wars, he was appointed commander of the 2nd Cavalry Regiment . After the end of combats, he was awarded the Medal for Bravery and promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel on 31 October 1913 for distinguished service in the field. At the beginning of the First World War, during the repulsed Austro-Hungarian invasions, <mask> Čolak-Antić fought with success commanding the 2nd Cavalry Regiment. In the fall of 1915, commanding the same regiment, he joined the retreat through Albania. During the Serbian army and government exile in Corfu, while the country was occupied by Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria, he was part of the Operational Division of the Supreme Command and promoted colonel.In April of 1916, he was transferred to the headquarters of the 1st Volunteer Division in the Russian Empire, where he remained until the October Revolution of 1917 helping build the first Yugoslav unit. After returning to the Salonika front from Russia, he was appointed commander of the 2nd Cavalry Brigade during the successful 1918 offensive that liberated the country. Postwar
In 1919, while still officially commander of the 2nd Cavalry Brigade, Čolak-Antić was sent to the Paris Peace Conference as part of the Yugoslav delegation. Following the demise of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the question of the delimitation between Hungary and its neighbouring countries was the subject of intensive talks. In 1920, the Treaty of Trianon ratified the decision to re-draw Hungary's borders. By the Treaty's conclusions, Hungary ceded western Banat, Bačka, Međimurje, and Prekmurje to the  Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovene. The region of Baranja, with its administrative seat of government in the


texts: town of Pécs, was divided with the southern part annexed to the Kingdom of SCS according to a new boundary line, the so-called Clemenceau line.On 1 August 1921, Colonel <mask> Čolak-Antić was appointed commissioner of the Yugoslav-Hungarian Boundary Commission. The body tasked with defining a definitive delimitation between the two States. The commission work involved studies from lawyers, historians, geographers and other members of the academic community, in order to prepare border documentation, on the basis of Article 29 of the Peace Treaty. The British delegate LL Col. Cree was appointed as its chairman, the other members were Col. Luigi Valvassori (Italy), Lt Col. Marminia (France), Lt Col. Yanagawa (Japan) while Col. Vassel and Col. <mask> Colak-Antic represented respectively Hungary and the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. The city of Varaždin was chosen as the seat of the border commission, a further meeting was organised for 18 August 1921. The occupation of Pécs and Baranya by Yugoslav troops following the cessation of hostilities in November 1918, provoked some resistance from workers who wanted to be connected to revolutionary events taking place at the time in Hungary. After the collapse of the communist uprising in Hungary, in August 1919, a large number of emigrants took shelter in Pécs where mayor Béla Linder gave them shelter and the Yugoslav army protected them.The workers, reinforced by the sudden influx, took over the administration of the city, along with the civilian forces. On 5 August 1921, the Conference of Ambassadors gave instructions for the Yugoslav withdrawal of southern Hungary and asked the Yugoslav government to appoint an officer through whom the local Allied Commission might communicate with Belgrade; Colonel Čolak-Antić was appointed Military Commander of Pécs and Baranja during the transitional period; amongst his duties was the handover of the civilian government in Pécs to the Hungarian authorities. The Yugoslav army started to

masks: Vojin Vojin


texts: evacuate Pécs and Baranja in mid-August. Elections were held and on 19 August 1921, while the withdrawal was taking place, the civil authorities in southern Hungary proclaimed the so-called Serbian-Hungarian Republic of Baranya-Baja with the painter Petar Dobrović as its elected president. Due to the new political situation, Colonel <mask> Čolak-Antić decided to halt the evacuation of the region. The small Republic of Baranya did not manage to gain international recognition and since it depended on the Serbian protection, when the Yugoslav army finally withdrew, Hungarian forces of Miklós Horthy entered into the region bringing it to an end. On 24 September 1921, Čolak-Antić was appointed commander of the 2nd Cavalry Division.In July 1922, he took part again in the Geneva negotiations as Yugoslav Border Commissioner later joined by Foreign Minister Momčilo Ninčić, and in November 1922, the six members of the Border Commission signed the border list. According to historians, the definition of the Hungarian-Yugoslav border was undeniably a major reason for the stabilization of Europe after the First World War and the establishment of a new regional balance.On 18 July 1923, Čolak-Antić was appointed military envoy in Bucharest and promoted to the rank of brigadier general on 21 October of the same year. He stayed in the Kingdom of Romania until the end of his term on 25 January 1927. On his return, he became acting commander of the Second Cavalry Division and was promoted to the rank of divisional general. He became Inspector General of Cavalry on 11 April 1929, a position he would keep until the end of his career, on 5 December 1929 he was awarded the French Legion of Honour in the rank of . In 1930 he appeared in the documentary film “For the Honour of the Fatherland” an account of the Serbian retreat during the First World War directed by Stanislav Krakov. In 1936, he represented the Kingdom of Yugoslavia at the funeral of King George V in London.In 1935, he was appointed


texts:
 Aide-de-camp to the young King Peter II Karadjordjevic. Retirement and death
<mask> Čolak-Antić retired as a divisional general in the Royal Yugoslav Army in 1936, he kept serving as aide de camp to the King until 1939. Upon the invasion of the country by the Axis forces in April 1941, he was handed over the war plan, the operational protocol and other sensitive material by his son Lieutenant colonel Petar Čolak-Antić, documents that he hid from the invaders. During the Nazi military occupation of Serbia, when those caught aiding Jews were punishable with the execution of entire families, Čolak-Antić arranged the escape out of the country of a Jewish doctor that he hid in the family home, less than  from the Banjica concentration camp, and petitioned the Germans for the release of Avram Berahi and his wife before they could be deported, both survived the war as a result. Čolak-Antić died on 29 July 1945 a few months after Belgrade was liberated, Germany surrendered and the Communist Partisans took control of the country, he is buried in Belgrade New Cemetery. Marriage and family
<mask> Čolak-Antić married in 1904 Marija Grujić, daughter of Prime Minister Sava Grujić, and descendant of Vojvoda Vule Ilić Kolarac. The couple had one daughter, Simonida, and three sons who all became officers of the Royal Yugoslav army:
 Major Ilija Čolak-Antić (1905–1974),
 Major Grujica Čolak-Antić (1906–1967)
 Lieutenant Colonel Peter Čolak-Antić (1907–1964)

References

Sources

1877 births
1945 deaths
Serbian military personnel of World War I
Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur
Recipients of the Medal for Bravery (Serbia)
Recipients of the Order of the Crown (Romania)
Military personnel from Kragujevac
People from the Principality of Serbia
Serbian military personnel of the Balkan Wars
Royal Serbian Army soldiers
Royal Yugoslav Army personnel
Burials at Belgrade New Cemetery
Army general (Kingdom of Yugoslavia)
Recipients of the Legion of Honour
People from the Kingdom of


texts:
<mask> (born April 12, 1950) is an American professor of Jewish American religious history, and was one of the first congregational women rabbis. Her chief speciality is sexuality in Judaism, and she says that her beliefs were transformed by a Sabbath prayer book (Siddur Nashim) that refers to God as 'She'. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Brooklyn, New York, to Sylvia and Irving Trachtenberg. She attended Erasmus Hall High School and Barnard College before getting her Ph.D. in religion at Temple University and her rabbinical training at the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College (RRC) in Wyncote, Pennsylvania, outside Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Her specialization is in American and especially Jewish American religious history, and she focuses on issues related to gender, sexuality and race. Her thinking about many of these issues was shaped by her teachers, who included Elaine Pagels and Mordecai Kaplan, the founder of Reconstructionist Judaism. Career
After completing her Ph.D. and receiving her rabbinic ordination, <mask> worked on a contractual basis with a number of synagogues in the U.S. and Canada.In this capacity she was among a handful of the first generation of congregational women rabbis. She came out as a lesbian in 1986. She divorced her husband <mask> (with whom she has two children: Lynn and Avi) and became partners with Christie Balka. During this time she also taught courses in Holocaust Studies at Rutgers University, and she was the Dean of Students at the RRC until 1987. Thereafter she served in several capacities at Temple University: as Director of Adult Programs, Director of the Program in Women's Studies, and finally a faculty member in the departments of religion and women's studies. <mask>'s research has focused on explaining and expounding the Reconstructionist tradition, the place of gays and lesbians in Jewish religious history, and the relationships between Jews, blacks, and sports during the years 1930–1950. Her book on that topic, Out of Left Field: Jews and Black Baseball,

masks:
Rabbi Rebecca Trachtenberg Alpert
Rebecca Alpert
Alpert
Joel Alpert
Alpert


texts: was published by Oxford University Press.She has also edited several volumes and published articles on a wide range of topics including sexuality in Judaism, the definition of who is Jewish and who is not, gay liberation theology, Alvin Dark, and Jackie Robinson. Her book Like Bread on the Seder Plate: Jewish Lesbians and the Transformation of Tradition from Columbia University Press received the 1998 Lambda Literary Award for best LGBT book on religion. She also wrote "Finding Our Past: A Lesbian Interpretation of the Book of Ruth," which was included in Reading Ruth: Contemporary Women Reclaim a Sacred Story, edited by J. A. Kates and G.T. Reimer (1994). She has lectured at a number of colleges and universities, including Columbia, UPenn, Princeton and Swarthmore and is an active public intellectual who writes for mainstream publications and frequently speaks at rallies and on panels in the Philadelphia region and beyond. <mask> is a recipient of a Christian R. and Mary F. Lindback Distinguished Teaching Award.She has recently taught courses on religion in American public life, Jews, America and sports, and sexuality in world religions. <mask> is currently a Professor in the Departments of Religion and Gender, Sexuality, and Women's Studies at Temple University, and Senior Associate Dean of the College of Liberal Arts. She has mentored several graduate students, including Marie Dallam, author of Cowboy Christians and Brett Krutzsch, author of Dying to Be Normal: Gay Martyrs and the Transformation of American Sexual Politics, both from Oxford University Press. According to her faculty website: "In the past several years her research has focused on religion and sports. Out of Left Field: Jews and Black Baseball, was published by Oxford University Press in June 2011. Religion and Sports: An Introduction and Case Studies was published by Columbia University Press in May 2015." An anthology, co-edited with Arthur Remillard, Gods, Games, and Globalization: New Perspectives on Religion and Sport was published by

masks: Alpert Alpert


texts:
 Mercer University Press in 2019.Israel
Alongside Katherine Franke, a Columbia Law School professor, <mask> publicly canceled her scheduled appearance at the Equality Forum's 2012 Global LGBT Summit in Philadelphia to protest Israel's policies toward the Palestinians, accusing the organizers of the forum of becoming "cheerleaders for Israel." Siddur Nashim
She commented (Reform Judaism, Winter 1991):

 Siddur Nashim was published in 1976 by Naomi Janowitz and Margaret Wenig. Personal life
She is a lesbian. Works
 Articles by <mask> on the Berman Jewish Policy Archive @ NYU Wagner
 Exploring Judaism: A Reconstructionist Approach with Jacob Staub, (Reconstructionist Press, 1985 and rev.ed. 2000)
 Lesbian Rabbis: The First Generation, editor, with Sue Elwell and Shirley Idelson, (Rutgers University Press, 2001)
 Like Bread on the Seder Plate: Jewish Lesbians and the Transformation of Tradition (Columbia University Press, 1997)
 The Life and Thought Of Tehilla Lichtenstein (booklet)
 Voices of the Religious Left: A Contemporary Sourcebook, editor (Temple University Press, 2000)
 Whose Torah? : A Concise Guide to Progressive Judaism (The New Press, 2008)
 Out of Left Field: Jews and Black Baseball (Oxford University Press, 2011)
 Religion and Sports: An Introduction and Case Studies (Columbia University Press, 2015)
Gods, Games, and Globalization: New Perspectives on Religion and Sport, editor, with Arthur Remillard (Mercer University Press, 2019)

References

Further reading

1950 births
Living people
Writers from Brooklyn
LGBT rabbis
LGBT people from New York (state)
American Reconstructionist rabbis
Jewish scholars
American Jewish theologians
Women rabbis
Jewish American writers
LGBT theologians
Temple University alumni
Barnard College alumni
Temple University faculty
Lambda Literary Award winners
Erasmus Hall High School alumni
Religious leaders from New York City
Women Jewish theologians
Jewish ethicists
American lesbian writers
Reconstructionist Jewish feminists
21st-century American Jews
21st-century American

masks:
Alpert
Rebecca Alpert


texts:
<mask> (; born <mask>; February 23, 1932 – December 18, 2008) was an American actress and producer. She was best known for her roles as various characters in the Star Trek franchise: Nurse Christine Chapel (in the original Star Trek series, Star Trek: The Animated Series, and two films of the franchise), Number One (also in the original series), Lwaxana Troi (on Star Trek: The Next Generation and Star Trek: Deep Space Nine), and the voice of most onboard computer interfaces throughout the series from 1966 to 2009. She married Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry in 1969. As his wife and given her relationship with Star Trekparticipating in some way in every series during her lifetimeshe was sometimes referred to as "the First Lady of Star Trek". Early life
<mask> was born in Cleveland, Ohio. She began taking acting classes as a child. She attended Shaker Heights High School, graduating in 1950 before going on to the University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida, then had some stage roles and came to Hollywood.Her father, William Hudec, was a Cleveland police officer. He was killed in the line of duty on August 30, 1955 while <mask> was touring with an off-Broadway road company. Career
<mask> was briefly seen in Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter? (1957) in an ad parody at the beginning of the film, and had roles in a few films, including Love in a Goldfish Bowl (1961), Sylvia (1965), A Guide for the Married Man (1967), and Track of Thunder (1967). She worked at the Desilu Studios on several TV shows, including Bonanza, The Untouchables, The Lucy Show, and The Lieutenant (produced by Gene Roddenberry). She received training in comedy from Lucille Ball. In 1960, she played Gwen Rutherford on Leave It to Beaver.Star Trek
In various roles, <mask> participated in every incarnation of the popular science fiction Star Trek franchise produced during her lifetime, including live-action and animated versions, television and cinema, and all of the time periods in which the various series have

masks:
Majel Barrett Roddenberry
Majel Leigh Hudec
Barrett
Barrett
Barrett
Barrett


texts: been set. She first appeared in Star Trek's initial pilot, "The Cage" (1964), as the USS Enterprise's unnamed first officer, "Number One". <mask> was romantically involved with Roddenberry, whose marriage was on the verge of failing at the time, and the idea of having an otherwise unknown woman in a leading role just because she was the producer's girlfriend is said to have infuriated NBC network executives who insisted that Roddenberry give the role to a man. William Shatner corroborated this in Star Trek Memories, and added that female viewers at test screenings hated the character as well. Shatner noted that female viewers felt she was "pushy" and "annoying" and also thought that "Number One shouldn't be trying so hard to fit in with the men." <mask> often joked that Roddenberry, given the choice between keeping Mr. Spock (whom the network also hated) or the woman character, "kept the Vulcan and married the woman, 'cause he didn't think Leonard [Nimoy] would have it the other way around". When Roddenberry was casting for the second Star Trek pilot, "Where No Man Has Gone Before", she changed her last name from Hudec to <mask> and wore a blonde wig for the role of nurse Christine Chapel, a frequently recurring character, who was introduced in "The Naked Time", the sixth new episode recorded, and was known for her unrequited affection for the dispassionate Spock.Her first appearance as Chapel in film dailies prompted NBC executive Jerry Stanley to yodel "Well, well—look who's back!". In an early scene in Star Trek: The Motion Picture, viewers are informed that she has now become Doctor Chapel, a role which she reprised briefly in Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home, as Commander Chapel. <mask> provided several voices for Star Trek: The Animated Series, including those of Nurse Chapel and a communications officer named M'Ress, an ailuroid officer who served alongside Uhura. <mask> returned years later in Star Trek: The Next Generation, cast as the outrageously self-assertive,

masks: Barrett Barrett Barrett Barrett Barrett


texts:
 iconoclastic, Betazoid ambassador, Lwaxana Troi, who appeared as a recurring character in the series, often visiting her daughter Deanna, the ship's counselor. Her character often vexed the captain of the Enterprise, Jean-Luc Picard, who spurned her amorous advances. She later appeared as Ambassador Troi in several episodes of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, where her character developed a strong relationship with Constable Odo. She provided the regular voice of the onboard computers of Federation starships for Star Trek: The Original Series, Star Trek: The Next Generation, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Star Trek: Voyager, and most of the Star Trek movies.She reprised her role as a shipboard computer's voice in two episodes of the prequel series Star Trek: Enterprise, thus making her the only actor to have a role in all six televised Star Trek series produced up to that time. She also lent her voice to various computer games and software related to the franchise. The association of her voice with interactions with computers led to Google's Assistant project being initially codenamed Google Majel. <mask> had also made a point of attending a major Star Trek convention each year in an effort to inspire fans and keep the franchise alive. On December 9, 2008, less than ten days before her death, Roddenberry Productions announced that she would be providing the voice of the ship's computer once again, this time for the 2009 motion picture reboot of Star Trek. Sean Rossall, a Roddenberry family spokesman, stated that she had already completed the voiceover work, around December 4, 2008. The film is dedicated to Roddenberry and <mask>.Other roles

She appeared as Primus Dominic in Roddenberry's 1973 postapocalyptic TV drama pilot, Genesis II; as Dr. Bradley in his 1974 television film The Questor Tapes and as Lilith the housekeeper in his 1977 TV drama pilot, Spectre. She also appeared in Michael Crichton's 1973 sci-fi Western, Westworld as Miss Carrie, a robot brothel madam; the 1977

masks: Barrett Barrett


texts:
 Stanley Kramer thriller The Domino Principle; and the 1979 television film The Man in the Santa Claus Suit starring Fred Astaire. Her later film appearances included small roles in Teresa's Tattoo (1994) and Mommy (1995). After Gene Roddenberry's death, <mask> took material from his archives to bring two of his ideas into production. She was executive producer of Earth: Final Conflict (in which she also played the character Dr. Julianne Belman), and Andromeda. She also served as creative director for Gene Roddenberry's Lost Universe, a comic book series based on another archival Roddenberry concept. In a gesture of goodwill between the creators of the Star Trek franchise and of Babylon 5, she appeared in the Babylon 5 episode "Point of No Return", as Lady Morella, the psychic widow of the Centauri emperor, a role which foreshadowed major plot elements in the series.Parodying her voice work as the computer for the Star Trek series, <mask> performed as a guest voice on Family Guy as the voice of Stewie Griffin's ship's computer in the episode "Emission Impossible". <mask>'s widely recognized voice performance as the Star Trek computer inspired the Amazon Alexa interactive virtual assistant, according to its developer Toni Reid, although <mask> had no direct role in it. Railroad voicework
The Southern Pacific Railroad used her voice talent  contained inside Harmon Electronics (of Grain Valley, MO) track-side defect detector devices, used in various locations west of the Mississippi River. When a defect is identified on the passing train, the system responds with her recorded voice announcing the defect location information to the train crew over the radio. In railroad forums and railroad radio monitoring groups, she was and is still referred to as the "SP Lady". However, with the implementation of newer hotbox detector technology, finding her voice today on working detectors is very rare. The hotbox detectors that had her voice installed in them were not upgradeable to the

masks: Barrett Barrett Barrett Barrett


texts: newer digital signaling requirements, and finding parts for them was difficult.Today, her voice is found on smaller regional railroads, usually only at dragging equipment locations, such as in California at milepost 24.6 on the Metrolink Lancaster line (under the I-5 and I-210 interchange in Sylmar), and in Oregon on the Portland & Western at milepost 746.5, near Lake Oswego. These voiced detectors remain because the lines were once owned by Southern Pacific, and because only two unchanging recorded messages are used, compared to the dynamic changing library used in hotbox detectors. The only major railroad that still uses her voice today is Union Pacific. Initially, Guilford commissioned Majel to say "Guilford Rail System", and the recording was programmed into detectors across the railroad. Train crews and local rail enthusiasts dubbed the MBTA Andover detector with the nickname "Andover Annie". Both the Andover and Shirley detectors with Majel's voice were replaced between 2015 and 2017 respectively with General Electric brand detectors, which use a male voice. In 2006–2007, just before <mask> <mask> died on December 18, 2008, the recently re-branded Pan Am Railways (formerly Guilford) was able to commission Majel one last time to say "Pan Am Railways" for their defect detectors.As of October 2020, Pan Am Railways still uses <mask> <mask>'s voice for defect detectors at eight different locations between Maine, Massachusetts, and Upstate New York. Pan Am Railways defect detectors that still utilize <mask>'s voice recordings include the following locations: In District 1, MP 134.1 in Readfield, Maine, just off of Plains Road crossing. Second is MP 157.2 in Lewiston, Maine, just off of Merrill Road crossing. Lastly, MP 176.7 in Gray, Maine, just off of Depot Road crossing. In District 2, only one detector with her voice is in service. MP 234.2 in North Berwick, Maine, just off of Elm Street/Route 4 crossing. In District 3, there are four locations that still utilize her

masks:
Majel
Barrett Roddenberry
Majel
Barrett Roddenberry
Barrett


texts:
 voice.First, MP 346.6 in Gardner, Massachusetts, near Parkers Street underpass. Second is at MP 369.1 in Wendell, Massachusetts, just off of Wendell Depot Road crossing. Third is at MP 410.9 in Zoar, Massachusetts, paralleling Zoar Road. Finally, at MP 440.2 in Hoosick, New York. The future of these defect detectors remains uncertain with the current state of Pan Am Railways being for sale. If a new railroad takes over, these rare defect detectors will likely be replaced. Final voiceover work
Some of <mask>'s final voiceover work was still in post-production, to be released in 2009 after her death, as mentioned in the credits of the 2009 film Star Trek, again as the voice of the Enterprise  computer.An animated production called Hamlet A.D.D. credited her as <mask> <mask>, playing the voiceover role of Queen Robot. Personal life and death

In 1969, while scouting locations in Japan for MGM, Roddenberry claimed that he realized that he missed <mask> and proposed to her by telephone. In the version recited by Herbert F. Solow, Roddenberry traveled to Japan with the intention of marrying <mask>. She subsequently joined Roddenberry in Tokyo, where they were married in a Shinto ceremony on August 6, 1969. Roddenberry had considered it "sacrilegious" to use an American minister in Japan, and the ceremony was attended by two Shinto priests as well as maids of honor. Roddenberry and <mask> both wore kimono, and spent their honeymoon touring Japan.He continued to have liaisons with other women, telling his friends that while in Japan he had an encounter with a masseuse about a week after he was married. The new marriage was not legally binding, as his divorce from Eileen had not yet been finalized. This was resolved two days after his divorce was complete, and on December 29, a small ceremony was held at their home followed by a reception for family and friends. Despite this, the couple continued to celebrate August 6 as their wedding anniversary. Roddenberry's young daughter, Dawn,

masks:
Barrett
Majel
Barrett Roddenberry
Barrett
Barrett
Barrett


texts:
 decided to live with <mask> and him, and the family moved to a new house in Beverly Hills the following October. In February 1974, <mask> and Roddenberry had a son, Eugene Jr., commonly referred to as Rod Roddenberry. They remained married until Roddenberry's death at <mask>'s side on October 24, 1991 in Santa Monica, California.After her husband's death, <mask> <mask> commissioned Celestis to launch her together with Gene on an infinite mission to deepest space. After manifesting them on NASA's "Sunjammer" mission, the agency cancelled the mission in 2014. Celestis has rescheduled their launch for 2020, the next available commercial mission to deep space. A sample of the couple's cremated remains will be sealed into a specially made capsule designed to withstand space travel. A spacecraft will carry the capsule, along with digitized tributes from fans, on Celestis' "Enterprise Flight". <mask> died on the morning of December 18, 2008, at her home in Bel Air, Los Angeles, California, as a result of leukemia. She was 76 years old.A public funeral was held on January 4, 2009, in Los Angeles. More than 250 people attended, including Nichelle Nichols, George Takei, Walter Koenig, Marina Sirtis, Brent Spiner and Wil Wheaton. Honors
<mask> and her husband were honored in 2002 by the Space Foundation with the Douglas S. Morrow Public Outreach Award for their work creating awareness of and enthusiasm for space. Filmography

 Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter? (2014) – Queen Robot (voice) (final film role)

References
Notes

Citations

Sources

External links

 AP Obituary in the Los Angeles Times''

1932 births
2008 deaths
Actresses from Cleveland
American film actresses
American television actresses
Television producers from Ohio
American voice actresses
Audiobook narrators
Deaths from cancer in California
Deaths from leukemia
Gene Roddenberry
University of Miami alumni
American women film producers
Film producers from Ohio
20th-century American actresses
American women

masks:
Barrett
Barrett
Barrett
Majel
Barrett Roddenberry
Barrett Roddenberry
Barrett


texts:
<mask> (September 9, 1867 – August 18, 1934), was a historian and newspaper columnist for the Oakland Tribune in Oakland, California. <mask> was the first African-American woman to be published regularly in a major metropolitan newspaper. <mask> was also first to present written proof of the existence of California's black pioneers in her book Slavery in California (1918) and her classic, The Negro Trail-Blazers of California (1919). Her career in journalism spanned more than 50 years. She detailed the racial problems in California and the heroic achievements by Blacks to overcome them during the late 19th century and early 20th century. Biography
<mask> was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, the oldest of five children in the family of <mask>, an engineer, and Margaret Harris, a homemaker. After her parents' death while she was still a teenager, Beasley had to find a full-time job to support herself, and she pursued a career as a trained masseuse.She began her newspaper career in 1883 writing for a black newspaper, the Cleveland Gazette, founded by Harry C. Smith. She wrote briefly about church and social activities. Three years later, she published her first column in the Sunday Cincinnati, Ohio Enquirer under the headline "Mosaics". <mask> studied journalism under Daniel Rudd, a well-known newspaper publisher of the Colored Catholic Tribune in Cincinnati. She, like Rudd, was a devout Catholic. In 1910, at age 39, <mask> moved to Oakland, California, attending lectures and researching at University of California, Berkeley and writing essays for presentations at local churches. In 1910 the African American population in Oakland was 3,055.The small black population supported a flowering of indigenous institutions and community formation in the 10s and 20s. Among these institutions were various black-owned small businesses, churches, and private social-welfare organizations. In addition,

masks:
Delilah Leontium Beasley
Beasley
Beasley
Beasley
Daniel Beasley
Beasley
Beasley


texts:
 several black newspapers were published in Oakland, including the Oakland Sunshine, which began publication in 1902, publisher William Prince, and the Western Outlook, established in 1894, publishers J. S. Francis and J. L. Derrick. In 1915, she wrote for a black audience in the Oakland Sunshine. Trail-Blazers book
<mask> chronicled African American "firsts" and notable achievements in early California in her book The Negro Trail-Blazers of California (1919), which is a compilation of records from the California Archives in the Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley, found in newspapers from 1848 to the 1890s, and most particularly all the black newspapers from the first in 1855 through 1919. <mask>'s Trail-Blazers book included diaries, biographical sketches, poetry, photographs, old papers, conversations with old pioneers, and a comprehensive history of early legislation and court cases. Beasley's informative compilation of records is full of success stories.It gives many hundreds of names of blacks in California from the pioneer period to the late 19th century. <mask> writes about the black gold miners of the late 1840s:

"A history of the Negro people of California would be incomplete without mention of the mining men who came in 1849. There were at one time several hundred Negro miners working claims on Mormon and Mokelumn Hill, at Placerville, Grass Valley and elsewhere in California mountains. One such man was Moses Rodgers a mining expert and was considered one of the best mining engineers in the state. He was also a metallurgist and owned a group of mines at Hornitus. The colored miners rarely took a chance in buying mining stock. He had more sacred duties to perform with his money.He either used it to pay for the freedom or liberty of himself, his family or other loved ones in faraway "Dixie-Land". If not that, then he contributed largely from his

masks:
Delilah Beasley
Beasley
Beasley


texts:
 diggings to assisting the "Executive Committee of the Colored Convention" in their struggles to secure legislative enactments in the interest of the Negro race in California". <mask> spent nine years writing her book, which is important to historians of California and the West, and of African American western history. She knew many people who had been in California from the beginning of statehood and before. So much of what we know of California black pioneers grows out of her book. One of her possible heroes in the book was Lt. Col. Allen Allensworth, in 1908 founder of an all African American town in Allensworth, California, now a state park, Colonel Allensworth State Historic Park. Beasley wrote, "The late Colonel Allensworth was born a slave, and yet there are few, if any, who have made more out of life and done more for their fellow man".<mask> placed women prominently in her book. Over the next four decades, no other major works followed <mask>'s volume. One might expect a plethora of articles and books concerning various aspects of black women's history during and immediately following the civil rights movements of the 1910s. Yet western black women received little attention. Newspaper columnist
Her work on the book The Negro Trail-Blazers paved the way for <mask> to become the first Black woman in California to write regularly for a major metropolitan newspaper. By 1925 <mask> was writing regularly for the Oakland Tribune, whose Sunday column Activities Among Negroes was authored by <mask>. She often spent far over forty hours a week collecting material for her column.She wrote about churches, social events, women's clubs, literary societies, and local as well as national politics. <mask>'s motivation was to give the white readers of the Oakland Tribune a positive picture of the black community by documenting the achievements of successful black men and women, both in

masks:
Beasley
Delilah Beasley
Beasley
Beasley
Delilah
Beasley
Beasley


texts:
 Oakland and elsewhere. By highlighting such items, she served the larger goal of demonstrating the capabilities of African-Americans while building a strong constituency for her column and a network of sources from whom she could count on receiving information. There is no doubt that in performing this service she laid an important part of the groundwork for the expanded inter-racial cooperation that developed during the Depression era of the 1930s. Richard Dillon, whose book on California Pioneers highlighted special qualities of their unusual and stimulating lives, wrote that Beasley was "born 50 years before her time". <mask> wrote for the Oakland Tribune from 1925–1934. Community service and social activist
<mask>, who never married, belonged to many civic organizations, including The Delilah L. Beasley Literary and Improvement Club, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), northern California branch founded in 1915, headquarters in Oakland.She was a member of the Alameda County League of Women Voters, the Public Welfare League of Alameda County, and the League of Nations Association of the California Federated Women's Club, which hosted the biennial convention in the Oakland Auditorium, attracting delegates from across the country. In 1920, Oakland's black club women, including <mask> and others, organized the Linden Center Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) to combat the cold reception extended to them by the all-white branches in the city. The Linden Center YWCA provided an array of services, including "religious and vocational training, adult education, counseling services, and a full calendar of recreational and cultural programs". In the mid-1920s, <mask> was a national historian of the National Association of Colored Women (NACW), and the Alameda County League of Colored Women Voters, devoted press coverage to both in her column,

masks:
Beasley
Beasley
Delilah Beasley
Beasley


texts: Activities Among Negroes, which ran in the white daily, the Oakland Tribune. In 1929, <mask> also used her professional skills and prominence in international groups to rebut white fears about the consequences of creating an International House at the University of California, Berkeley. Many Berkeley landlords protested the construction of the House, fearing an influx of foreigners. International House at UC Berkeley is a multi-cultural residence and program center serving students, the local community and alumni worldwide.Its mission is to foster intercultural respect, understanding, lifelong friendships and leadership skills for the promotion of a more tolerant and peaceful world. The university wrote: "More than 800 people gathered in Berkeley to protest racial integration in the proposed International House. At that meeting, <mask>, a black reporter for the Oakland Tribune, passionately defended the concept to a disgruntled and stunned audience. And it was <mask> who stood up to the protests of property owners who feared that I-House would cause Berkeley to be overrun with Blacks and Asians". Notable I-House alumni and residents are, Delbert E. Wong, Jerry Brown, Oona King, Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, Rose Bird, F. Drew Gaffney, Eric E. Schmidt, and Sadako Ogata. The weekly column she wrote for the newspaper, Activities Among Negroes, enhanced her standing in the community because of her ability to generate favorable publicity for black political struggles. Recognition of her ability to influence the white community strengthened her status within both white and black communities.She confronted misconceptions and contradictions as a newspaper journalist, and campaign against the use in the press of explicitly derogatory words when writing about African Americans. In 1932, <mask> organized the donation of a painting by a Black artist to the Oakland Museum. Due to her efforts

masks:
Beasley
Delilah Beasley
Beasley
Beasley


texts:
 as president of the “Far Western Inter-Racial Committee,” a painting by Eugene Burk, titled "The Slave Mother" was unveiled and presented to gallery director William Clapp, with <mask> expressing hope that "the presentation of this picture to the permanent collection of the Oakland Municipal Art may be the means of opening many doors to young aspiring Negroes, not only of Oakland but of the United States." Clapp responded,

"We feel a very great appreciation of the thought and effort. Even under normal conditions the gift would be remarkable, since it is the first presented in this gallery as a formal expression of racial culture. It is also noteworthy because it is the first work of art that has been presented to the gallery by an organized group of citizens". In 1933, it was at Beasley's urging that California State Assemblyman William F. Knowland, then assistant publisher of the Oakland Tribune, and Assemblyman Frederick M. Roberts of Los Angeles County, introduced an anti-lynching bill, that passed unanimously in both branches of the California Legislature.It was the state's first mob violence law. The majority of lynching in California between 1850 and 1935 were perpetrated against Latinos, Native Americans, and Asian Americans. Death
<mask> <mask> died on August 18, 1934, at Fairmont Hospital in San Leandro, California. According to her death certificate, the cause of death was arterio-sclerotic heart disease with hypertension. Her home at that time was listed as being in Oakland, California. She was laid to rest at Saint Mary Cemetery in Oakland. Twenty years later, a monument was erected, and a perpetual care endowed.Carved on the old tombstone is a simple epitaph: "Author and columnist, a native of Ohio and for 25 years a resident of Oakland." Legacy
Veteran and student journalists are honored with the Hall of Fame & Scholarship Awards of the Cincinnati chapter of the

masks:
Beasley
Delilah Leontium
Beasley


texts:
 National Association of Black Journalists, with the "Delilah Leontium Beasley Scholar" awards. Works by <mask>
<mask>, <mask>. "Slavery in California", Journal of Negro History, vol. 3, (January 1919) (includes California Freedom Papers (1851–1856)
___. The Negro Trail-Blazers of California (1919), reprinted 1969, 1997 & 2004 –
___. Proceedings of the Fifteenth Biennial Convention, National Association of Colored Women: Held in Municipal Auditorium, Oakland, California, July 29 to August 6, 1926

Resources
Brown, Hallie Q. Homespun Heroines and Other Women of Distinction (1925), Oxford University Press, reprinted (1988), Oxford University Press. –
Crouchett, Lorraine Jacobs.<mask> Beasley: Oakland's Crusading Journalist, El Cerrito, California, Downey Place Publishing House, (1990) –
Hine, Darlene, et al. Black Women in America: An Historical Encyclopedia, Carlson Publishing Inc., (1994) –
Roses, Lorraine E. Harlem's Glory: Black Women Writing, 1900–1950, Harvard University Press (1997) –
Streitmatter, Roger. <mask>, Beasley: A Black Woman Journalist Who Lifted As She Climbed, American Journalism Historians Association, October 1991, Philadelphia
Wheeler, B. Gordon. Black California: The History of African-Americans in the Golden State, Hippocrene Books, New York, (1993) –

References

External links

American columnists
American women columnists
Journalists from Oakland, California
Writers from Cincinnati
University of California, Berkeley alumni
African-American non-fiction writers
1867 births
1934 deaths
Oakland Tribune people
African-American history in Oakland, California
African-American Catholics
American women historians
20th-century American historians
Catholics from California
20th-century African-American women
20th-century African-American writers
Masseurs
19th-century American women
Deaths from hypertension
Historians from Ohio
Historians from

masks:
Beasley
Beasley
Delilah L
Delilah Leontium
Delilah


texts:
Joseph Roberts "<mask>" <mask>  (December 24, 1900 – December 17, 1991) was a Newfoundlander and Canadian politician. He was the main force who brought the Dominion of Newfoundland into the Canadian Confederation in 1949, becoming the first premier of Newfoundland, serving until 1972. As premier, he vigorously promoted economic development, championed the welfare state, and emphasized modernization of education and transportation. The results of his efforts to promote industrialization were mixed, with the most favourable results in hydroelectricity, iron mining and paper mills. <mask> was charismatic and controversial. While many Canadians today remember <mask> as the man who brought Newfoundland into the Canadian Confederation, the opinions held by Newfoundlanders and their diaspora remain sharply divided as to his legacy. Early life
<mask> was born at Mint Brook, near Gambo, Newfoundland, to Charles and <mask>.His grandfather, <mask>, was a well-known maker of boots in St. John's. Growing up in St. John's, as a teenager he worked as an apprentice at a newspaper and moved to New York City in 1920. In New York, he worked for the socialist newspaper The Call. <mask> returned to Newfoundland in 1925, where he soon met and married Clara Oates (23 October 1901 – 14 April 1996). In 1925, he founded a newspaper in Corner Brook. In 1928, he acted as campaign manager for the prime minister of the Newfoundland, Sir Richard Squires. He also ran unsuccessfully as a Liberal candidate in Bonavista in 1932.During the Great Depression, <mask> worked for various newspapers and edited a two-volume collection titled The Book of Newfoundland. He also hosted a radio program, The Barrelman, beginning in 1937, that promoted pride in Newfoundland's history and culture. He was very successful in this job with a voice for radio that was easily recognizable throughout all of Newfoundland. He left the Broadcasting Corporation of Newfoundland in 1943 to operate a pig farm at the Newfoundland Airport

masks:
Joey
Smallwood
Smallwood
Smallwood
Smallwood
Minnie May Smallwood
David Smallwood
Smallwood
Smallwood


texts:
 at Gander. National Convention and Confederation

As soon as prosperity returned in 1942, action began to end the Commission of Government. Newfoundland, with a population of 313,000 (plus 5,200 in Labrador), seemed too small to be independent. At this point, <mask> was a well-known radio personality, writer and organizer; he was a nationalist who had long criticized British rule.In 1945, London announced that a National Convention would be elected in Newfoundland to advise on what constitutional choices should to be voted on by referendum. Union with the United States was a possibility, but London rejected that option and instead offered two options: a return to dominion status or continuation of the unpopular Commission. Canada issued an invitation to join on generous financial terms. In 1946, <mask> was elected as a delegate to the Newfoundland National Convention, which was organized to make recommendations to London about the future of Newfoundland that would be placed before the people of the country in a constitutional referendum. <mask> supported joining Canada, arguing that union with Canada would bring prosperity. His skills as a radio broadcaster served him well. He was able to use the proceedings of the Convention, which were broadcast over the radio, to publicise the benefits of union with Canada.He founded and led the Confederate Association that supported the Confederation option in the Convention during the 1948 Newfoundland referendums. At the convention <mask> emerged as the leading proponent of confederation with Canada, insisting, "Today we are more disposed to feel that our very manhood, our very creation by God, entitles us to standards of life no lower than our brothers on the mainland." He succeeded in putting the Canada option on the ballot. His main opponents were Peter Cashin and Chesley Crosbie. Cashin, a former finance minister, led the Responsible Government League, warning against cheap Canadian imports and the high Canadian income tax.

masks: Smallwood Smallwood Smallwood Smallwood


texts:
 Crosbie, a leader of the fishing industry, led the Economic Union Party, seeking responsible government first, to be followed by closer ties with the United States, which could be a major source of capital. <mask> carried his cause in a hard-fought referendum and a runoff in June and July 1948 as the decision to join Canada (rather than restoration of independent dominion status) carried 77,869, against 71,464, or 52.3%.A strong rural vote in favour of Canada overwhelmed the pro-independence vote in the capital of St. John's. Catholics (mostly of Irish descent) in the city desired independence to protect their parochial schools, leading to a Protestant backlash in rural areas. The promise of cash family allowances from Canada proved decisive. <mask> was a member of the 1947 Ottawa Delegation that negotiated the Terms of Union with Canada. He created another newspaper, The Confederate, to promote Confederation. The 1948 referendums resulted in Confederation being approved, and in 1949, as leader of the Liberal Party, <mask> was elected premier of the new province. Premiership

<mask> ran Newfoundland virtually unchallenged for 23 years.He governed with large majorities for virtually his entire tenure. During his first six terms he never faced more than eight opposition MHAs. He vigorously promoted economic development through the Economic Development Plan of 1951, championed the welfare state (paid for by Ottawa), and attracted favourable attention across Canada. He emphasised modernisation of education and transportation to attract outsiders, such as German industrialists, because the local economic elite would not invest in industrial development. Although he had had socialist leanings in his youth, he often sided with bankers and became hostile to the militant unions that sponsored numerous strikes. He relied heavily on the expertise of German industry in his repeated attempts to industrialise Newfoundland in the post-Confederation period. His efforts to promote


texts: industrialisation were a mixed bag, with the most favourable results in hydroelectricity, iron mining, and paper mills.Part of Smallwood’s industrialization legacy is the 1969 agreement locking Newfoundland into selling electricity from the power dam at Labrador’s Churchill Falls to Quebec until the year 2041—at a fixed rate that is now roughly one-tenth of the market price. <mask> was willing to side with corporations in his drive to industrialise the province. He granted foreign companies concessions to encourage development and even intervened in a labour dispute in 1959. The International Woodworkers of America had struck to get higher wages and better working conditions in the logging camps. In a controversial move, <mask> decertified and effectively made the union illegal, replacing it with a government-sponsored union. During his long career as Premier, <mask> was often accused of being autocratic and self-aggrandising. He brought libel suits against The Telegram and he would threaten to pull government advertising over stories.He kept a tight rein on his ministers, regarding them as extensions of his own authority rather than as colleagues. Additionally, the House of Assembly did not have a question period, unlike most other provincial legislatures. <mask> announced his retirement in 1969, only to change his mind and run for the leadership against John Crosbie. In the ensuing contest, <mask> sent Cabinet ministers to delegate selection meetings with notebooks, detailing who voted for which slate of delegates. They brought Crosbie delegates to his residence, forcing them to sign affidavits supporting <mask>'s leadership. The affidavits would later be published in local newspapers. By Newfoundland's seventh general election, in 1971, <mask>'s government had become tired and complacent.The election resulted in a hung parliament, with <mask>'s Liberals winning 20 seats to the Progressive Conservatives' 21. The Labrador Party's lone MHA, Tom Burgess, threw his support

masks: Smallwood Smallwood Smallwood Smallwood Smallwood Smallwood Smallwood Smallwood


texts:
 to <mask>, resulting in a three-month deadlock. However, under the threat of a revolt in his own caucus, <mask> was forced to resign in January 1972 in favour of the PCs' Frank Moores. <mask> was voted out as Liberal leader soon afterward. In 1975, he took most of his followers into the Newfoundland Reform Liberal Party, which elected four candidates in that year's election. He retired for good at the end of the term. Life after politics

In his retirement <mask> resumed writing; publishing several books including an autobiography titled I Chose Canada.Later in his life he began an ambitious project compiling a comprehensive Encyclopedia of Newfoundland and Labrador. The five volume set was completed by a charitable foundation after Smallwood's death. Smallwood's publishing firm, Newfoundland Book Publishers (1967) Ltd., published Volumes 1 and 2; the Smallwood Heritage Foundation completed and published Volumes 3, 4, and 5. In 1986, he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada, after hesitating because he felt that he should be more honoured for bringing Newfoundland and Labrador into the Canadian confederation and he would have liked to have had The Right Honourable added to his name as well as a knighthood. In 1989, a new Marine Atlantic ferry, , was placed in service; she was paid-off in 2011. Death
On December 17, 1991, a week before his 91st birthday, <mask> died. He was buried at Mount Pleasant Cemetery in St. John's, Newfoundland.His wife Clara, who died in 1996, is buried beside him. Notable quotes
"I don't need you. I've been elected. But you need me. I'm sitting on top of the public chest, and not one red cent will come out of it for Ferryland unless Greg Power is elected [to Ottawa]. Unless you vote for my man, you'll be out in the cold for the next five years ... Those settlements which vote against Greg Power will get nothing – absolutely nothing." In popular culture

<mask> was featured in two National Film Board of Canada documentaries: In 1970, he was

masks: Smallwood Smallwood Smallwood Smallwood Smallwood Smallwood


texts:
 the subject of Julian Biggs's documentary film A Little Fellow from Gambo, for which he unusually received a Canadian Film Award for Best Actor in a Non-Feature at the 22nd Canadian Film Awards.In 1974, he was featured alongside Newfoundland media mogul Geoff Stirling and director Michael Rubbo in Rubbo's Waiting for Fidel. In 1998, Wayne Johnston's novel The Colony of Unrequited Dreams presented a fictionalized portrayal of <mask>. CJON-DT, Geoff Stirling's television station, conducted several interviews with <mask>, particularly during the years after he left politics; many of these were extended dialogues with Stirling on various esoteric topics. Many of <mask>'s interviews, as well as numerous solo films and speeches he made, are rebroadcast during the Captain Atlantis block of freeform telecasts that CJON carries very early on Saturday mornings. References

Further reading
Gwyn, Richard. <mask>: The Unlikely Revolutionary (1968)
 Hiller, James K. "<mask>, Joseph Roberts (1900–1991)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, online edition
Horwood, Harold. <mask> (1989)
 <mask>, Joseph R. I Chose Canada: The Memoirs of the Honourable Joseph R. "<mask>" <mask> (1973)

External links
Biography, Canadian Encyclopedia; accessed January 31, 2018.Premiers of Newfoundland and Labrador
Fathers of Confederation
Liberal Party of Newfoundland and Labrador MHAs
Newfoundland Reform Liberal Party MHAs
Canadian radio personalities
Members of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada
Members of the United Church of Canada
Newfoundland National Convention members
Companions of the Order of Canada
1900 births
1991 deaths
Politicians from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
Writers from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
Canadian people of British descent
Dominion of Newfoundland people
People from Gambo, Newfoundland and Labrador
Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
Canadian political party founders
20th-century Canadian journalists
Canadian Screen Award winners
Canadian

masks: Smallwood Smallwood Smallwood Smallwood Smallwood Joey Smallwood Joey Smallwood


texts: <mask> (Kanaʻina II  May 4, 1798 – March 13, 1877), was an aliʻi (hereditary noble) of the Kingdom of Hawaii, prince consort of Kuhina Nui, Kaʻahumanu III and father of <mask>, the 6th monarch of the Kamehameha Dynasty. Kanaʻina was a descendant of several figures from ancient Hawaiian history, including Liloa, Hakau and Umi-a-Liloa of Hawaii Island as well as Piilani of Maui. He served on both the Privy Counsel and in the House of Nobles. He was named after his uncle Kanaʻina, a name that means "The conquering" in the Hawaiian Language. This uncle greeted Captain James Cook in 1778 and confronted the navigator before he was killed. His wife Miriam Auhea Kekāuluohi was a widow and niece of Kamehameha I. She was also married to Kamehameha II before he converted to Christianity and gave up all but one wife.Kanaʻina and Kekāuluohi lived in a traditional aliʻi style home in a sacred neighborhood in Honolulu called Pohukaina near Kekūanāoʻa, Kaʻahumanu and their offspring. The compound would eventually become the Iolani Palace (the official Royal Residence of the Hawaiian Royal Family) and Palace Walk when Kekūanāoʻa built Hale Aliʻi in the center of the families estates as a gift to his daughter Victoria Kamāmalu. <mask> kept his property at the palace until his death and would be the only original owner to do so while the Palace was in use, living there through five monarchs, from the 1820s to 1877. <mask>'s son, <mask> Lunalilo, was named by Kamehameha III as an heir to the throne of the kingdom and ascended in 1873 while his father still lived. Lunalilo died only a year later, three years before his father's death on March 13, 1877. Having not re-written his will, which

masks:
Charles Kanaʻina
William Charles Lunalilo
Kanaʻina
Kanaʻina
William Charles


texts:
 left everything to his son who had predeceased, <mask> died intestate. Probate hearings proceeded for 5 years.On final adjudication his property was auctioned with the proceeds going to several of <mask>'s cousins including Ruth Keelikōlani and Bernice Pauahi Bishop. Birth, early life and marriage

<mask> Eia was born about May 4, 1798 to his mother Kauwā and father Eia, at Napoʻopoʻo, Hawaiʻi, although the year has been dated as late as 1812. There was speculation <mask> was not a High Chief by birth, however recent research has identified his father to be Eia Kalaikuʻahulu, making him a descendant of the first aliʻi nui Liloa through both sons, Umi-a-Liloa and Hakau. Abraham Fornander states in his 1916-17 publication; "Fornander Collection of Hawaiian Antiquities and Folk-lore" that C. Kanaina was descended from Kanealai, aliʻi nui wahine (female ruler) of Molokai, through a grandmother named Kaha. Fornander records that Kanealai was one of the recognized wives of Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku with whom she had for children, including Kumukoa (k) who became the father of Kalaikuʻahulu who is connected to Molokai. In the 2000 publication; "Kamehameha's Children Today", authors <mask>, Rubellite Kawena Kinney Johnson and Jerry Walker state that <mask>'s maternal grandfather, Palila Nohomualani was Kamehameha I's grandson through the monarch's first born child named Kahiliopua, a daughter of Kalola-a-Kumukoa. This genealogy is based on previously unpublished family trees compiled by the DeFries family.Eia and Kauwā's other four children were named Naʻea, Iʻahuʻula, Kahele and Kaikumoku. He was named Kanaʻina, after the nickname of his uncle Kalaimanokahoʻowaha, the Native

masks:
Kanaʻina
Kanaʻina
Charles Kanaʻina
Kanaʻina
Charles Ahlo
Kanaʻina


texts:
 Hawaiian drawn by artist John Webber, who greeted Captain James Cook and was present at the navigator's death at Kealakekua Bay. In the Hawaiian language, ka naina means "the conquering". Kanaʻina was part of the kaukau aliʻi class, which was one of five levels of kānaka maoli (ʻōiwi) (Native Hawaiian) aliʻi (hereditary noble) status that served the ruling class as close relatives. Marriage

In 1810 the monarch of the independent Island of Kauaʻi, Kaumualii (c. 1778–May 26, 1824), negotiated a peaceful agreement that allowed Kauaʻi to become a part of Kamehameha I's new Hawaiian Kingdom, while still allowing Kaumualii to remain the islands ruler until his death. The agreement established Kamehameha's son Liholiho as supreme monarch after Kaumauii's death. After Kamehameha I's death, a council was held in July 1821 with Kaumualii and Liholiho, now styled as "Kamehameha II" along with the top chiefs and advisors, including <mask>.Kamehameha II decided to continue his father's arrangements. For this, Kaumualii asked the new monarch to take some Kauaʻi lands for his wives, to appease Liholiho's guardians. While Kamehameha II refused to do so—stating that his father had left no instructions about the land, only that he should be the supreme monarch—he did take Kaumualii's wife Kekaihaʻakūlou as one of his own wives and gave his wife Kekāuluohi to his most trusted advisor, Kanaʻina, as a way to please the chiefs. It is believed the council decision displeased the new Kuhina Nui, Kaʻahumanu. A year later, she would take Kaumualii and later his son Kealiiahonui as her husbands, using the teachings of the missionaries on marriage, to make herself their heirs. Kanaina married


texts:
 Miriam Auhea Kekāuluohi that same year on Kauaʻi. Kekāuluohi had been one of several wives of both Kamehameha I and Kamehameha II.She became co-ruler of the Hawaiian Kingdom with Kamehameha III in 1839 as Kuhina Nui (co-regent), styled as Kaahumanu III. Residence

Kanaʻina and Kekāuluohi lived near Kekūanāoʻa, who had his home just west of theirs called Haliimaile. The homes were in the area called Pohukaina. This area was a sacred burial site for aliʻi. Their home was similar to that of the other estates in the neighborhood consisting of small buildings used for different purposes. The sitting and sleeping area had a folding door entrance of green painted wood under glass upper panels. The house had two rooms separated by a festooned tent door of chintz fabric and was carpeted with hand crafted makaloa mats.In the front was a lounge area opposite a sideboard and mirror. In the middle they placed a semi circle of armchairs with a center table where the couple would write. Four matching cabinet-bookshelves with glass doors were set in each corner of the room with silk scarves hanging from each. In his book, A visit to the South Seas, in the U.S. Ship Vincennes: during the years 1829 and 1830, <mask> Stewart states:

Next to their home was an old estate that had been demolished called Hanailoia. This was the spot of an ancient heiau called Kaahaimauli. In July 1844 Kekūanāoʻa began building a large home here as a gift to his daughter Victoria Kamāmalu. Instead, Kamehameha III would buy the estate and use as his Royal Residence after moving the capitol of the kingdom to Honolulu.It would become the Iolani Palace. As older alii died, the lands were passed down and


texts:
 concentrated into fewer hands. Kekāuluohi's lands were passed down to her from the Kamehameha family. When she died, she left her accumulated lands and wealth to her son, not her husband <mask> however, Lunalilo predeceased his father. Kanaʻina served as a member of the House of Nobles of Kamehameha III from 1841 to 1876, on the Privy Council from July 29, 1845, to 1855, and on the Supreme Court from when it was first founded on May 10, 1842. In the tradition of European royalty, he was granted the style (manner of address) of "His Highness". Children

<mask> and Kekāuluohi had two sons.Their first son Davida, died young. Their surviving natural son, <mask> Lunalilo was born on January 31, 1835, at Pohukaina. He was considered the grandnephew of Kamehameha I, and second cousin to King Kamehameha V, King Kamehameha IV, and Princess Victoria Kamāmalu, through his mother, Kekāuluohi, who was the cousin of Elizabeth Kīnau (later called Kaahumanu II). Lunalilo was declared eligible to succeed by the royal decree of King Kamehameha III and sent to the Chief's Children's School (later called the Royal School) when it was founded by missionaries Amos Starr Cooke and Juliette Montague Cooke. They had several hānai (informal adoption) children including Kalama, the daughter of Iʻahuʻula (Kanaʻina's sister) and Naihekukui. Kalama became the queen consort and wife of Kamehameha III. Kanaʻina and Kekāuluohi also hānai adopted Kalama and Kamehameha III's second son Keaweaweulaokalani II.Lunalilo Trust
Kanaʻina acted as trustee of the royal lands that had been inherited by his wife while his son was a minor, and after his son's death. When Kanaina died, the court appointed nine

masks:
Kanaʻina
Kanaʻina
William Charles


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 trustees, six of which would take part in the militia that overthrew the monarchy and also take part in the new provisional government. Dole himself had been on the record as supporting the break up of crown lands to promote American style farming in his newspaper in 1872. Various lawsuits ensued over the property including a suit questioning the validity of the will due to Lunalilo being under the guardianship of his father when he made it out. Lunalilo had requested in his will to use the estate to fund a charity. The trustees favored splitting up the estate by selling it off, while others claimed the value of land was underestimated, and an endowment to run the charity could have been funded by lease income. For example, <mask> leased (and later his heirs would sell) thousands of acres of land on the island of Hawaii to businessman (and son of missionaries) William Herbert Shipman.Death and legacy

Kanaina died on March 13, 1877, in Honolulu, Oahu, and was buried at Kawaiahao Church in the Lunalilo Mausoleum, next to his son who had died before him. While <mask> had made out a will, he had left everything to his son, and so had died intestate. Petitions to administer the estate began the following day. Probate proceedings were litigated for four years, between 1877 and 1881, and re-affirmed in 1886. Attorney General Alfred S. Hartwell applied for the appointment of trustees shortly after <mask>'s death under the articles of Lunalilo's will. Article three of that will bequeathed the entirety of his estate to three trustees appointed by the Justices of the Supreme Court of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The property was to be sold and invested until the sum of $25,000.00 was

masks: Kanaʻina Kanaʻina Kanaʻina


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 raised to fund a home for the poor and destitute.Chief Justice <mask> Harris ordered a hearing for April 5, 1877, to hear the petition pertaining to the estate of the late <mask> and anyone who could show reason not to grant it. Estate probate
A petition was filed by King David Kalakaua, his sisters and brother-in-law, Lydia K. Dominis, Miriam K. Cleghorn and Archibald Scott Cleghorn, with a hearing set by Justice Lawrence McCully. In July 1878, Justices Harris, Judd and McCully heard Kalakaua's appeal. While the Justices felt that the claim of Kalakaua and his sisters had not been proven, they were impressed with that of Kilinahe (Kanaʻina's first cousin) and other claimants based on testimony and witnesses. The court decreed that the estate be split into four equal shares: one quarter to go to Haalilio (k), Haalelea (k) and Kahukaiola (k); one quarter each to Pahua (w) and Kaahua (k); and one quarter to the widow and children of Kilinahe, who had died before the adjudication of his claim. Claimants from the line of Moana Wahine made petitions to the court under the act of 1874 to quite land titles. The act was later deemed unconstitutional and a new decree of heirship was made.By December 1879 disbursement of land in trust with William Cooper Parke, (Marshal of Hawaii from 1853 to 1884) and owned by heirs, could not be agreed upon for settlement. Most supported the sale of the lands, so an order was made and all land sold at auction. Heirs and legacy
Final adjudication of probate found a total of eight parties or groups of relatives, most of whom were descended from Moana and her four husbands, as heirs to the Kanaʻina estate splitting a total of 9 shares, with 2

masks:
Charles Coffin
Charles Kanaʻina


texts:
 shares going to one party. The probate records include a great deal of information from the four years of litigation. A great number of people petitioned the courts to claim title as heirs after the initial 1878 judgement. In the final adjudication, Bernice Pauahi Bishop received two of the nine shares. The remaining seven of the nine shares were divided equally in 1/9th and distributed to Ruth Keelikōlani, Haalilio and Haalelea (namesakes of the historic figures), Kilinahe (Whose grandmother was the older sister of Kanaina's mother and 5 other parties.The first three trustees included John Mott-Smith and Sanford B. Dole. The Hawaii public archives building, built in 1906 on the ʻIolani Palace grounds, in a section that was formerly the Kanaʻina's estate, was dedicated as the Kanaina building. It originally held the public archives but today hold the administrative offices of Friends of ʻIolani Palace. Honours
 K.G.C. Knight of the Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Kamehameha I May 28, 1874
 K.G.C. Knight of the Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Kalakaua

Arms

Family tree

Notes

Noted from above: <mask>'ina had a 1/2 sister named Kapau, and a full sister named Kahele. This would make sense that these woman were his kahu in his later years.Citations

References

1798 births
1877 deaths
Hawaiian nobility
Royalty of the Hawaiian Kingdom
Hawaiian Kingdom politicians
Members of the Hawaiian Kingdom House of Nobles
Members of the Hawaiian Kingdom Privy Council
Heirs to the Hawaiian throne
Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Kalākaua
Hawaiian Kingdom judges
Justices of the Hawaii Supreme Court
Burials at


texts:
<mask> (born July 20, 1965) is an American author. His works have been New York Times bestsellers, New York Times Notable Books, Time, Amazon,  and NPR Best Books of the Year, and have been included in The Best American Magazine Writing and The Best American Short Stories collections. <mask> received the National Magazine Award in 2009. He is portrayed by Jesse Eisenberg in the 2015 feature film The End of the Tour, an adaptation of his memoir Although of Course You End Up Becoming Yourself. He is a contributing editor at Rolling Stone. He currently lives in New York City. Background and education
<mask> was born in New York City, and is the son of the painter <mask>.He graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1983 and matriculated at Bennington College. <mask> transferred in his sophomore year to Brown University, where he graduated magna cum laude and studied with the writer John Hawkes. He received his M.A. from Johns Hopkins University, where he studied with the novelist John Barth. <mask> currently teaches creative writing at the M.F.A. program at New York University. As an undergraduate, <mask> published his story "Three Thousand Dollars" in The New Yorker.It was selected by Raymond Carver as one of the Best American Short Stories of 1986. Carver was surprised by the author's youth, noting in his introduction, I confess to not having read <mask> before this. Have I been asleep and missed some stories of his, or maybe even a novel or two? I don't know. I do know I intend to pay attention from now on. Career

Three Thousand Dollars and The Art Fair
As a graduate

masks:
David Lipsky
Lipsky
David Lipsky
Pat Lipsky
Lipsky
Lipsky
Lipsky
David Lipsky


texts: student, <mask> wrote the stories that would become his first book, Three Thousand Dollars (1989). The novelist John Gregory Brown explained, "It was kind of apparent that <mask> might have the brightest future of anyone [here]."The book was well received upon publication, with the trade publication Booklist summarizing, "Critics loved <mask>'s short story collection"; the author was seen to possess "unlimited depth and range of vision," and the stories were compared to the works of F. Scott Fitzgerald. The Los Angeles Times, while noting the book's "astonishing insights into the New York art world,"  concluded, "<mask> has given his contemporaries a general autobiography, one that will fit the majority with only minor adjustments." His novel The Art Fair (1996), a bildungsroman composed of a number of autobiographical elements, tells the story of Richard and Joan Freely—a New York artist and her precocious son. The novel won rave reviews and was named a Time Best Book of the Year. The work earned Lipsky comparisons to writers Michael Chabon and Harold Brodkey. The New York Times called the novel "riveting," The New Yorker described it "a darkly comic love story," People noted, "<mask>'s portrayal of the art world is unblinking, his portrayal of the ties between parent and child deeply affecting"; the critic Francine Prose called the book's "Darwinian" milieu a "testament to <mask>'s skill" and James Atlas wrote "the novel perfectly captures artists and dealers, the tiny gestures of cruelty that confirm or withhold status." The trade publication Library Journal

masks: Lipsky Lipsky Lipsky Lipsky Lipsky Lipsky


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 summarized, "The praise has poured as thick as impasto."Although of Course You End Up Becoming Yourself and Absolutely American

<mask>'s non-fiction book Absolutely American (2003) was written after the author spent four years living at West Point. The book's genesis was a piece <mask> wrote for Rolling Stone—the longest article published in that magazine since Hunter S. Thompson's Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas. As Newsweek noted, composition of the book required "14,000 pages of interview transcripts, 60 notebooks and four pairs of boots"; the magazine called the book "addictive," and Lev Grossman in Time wrote that it was "fascinating, funny, and tremendously well-written. Take a good look: this is the face America turns to most of the world, and until now it's one that most of us have never seen." In The New York Times Book Review, <mask> called the book "wonderfully told," praising it as both "a superb description of modern military culture, and one of the most gripping accounts of university life I have read." Within a few weeks of publication, the work had sold out of most American distributors. As Sara Nelson reported in the New York Observer, It’s every author’s dream: You write a book that everybody loves.It gets fabulous reviews—one of them on the front page of The New York Times Book Review. You appear on the Today show and on C-Span and you tape Charlie Rose. There’s even interest from Hollywood—and you fly out to take some meetings. There’s only one problem: There are precious few copies of your book to be found in the bookstores—and if someone wants

masks:
Lipsky
Lipsky
David Brooks


texts:
 one, they’re going to have to wait, sometimes as long as three weeks. That’s exactly the situation author <mask> found himself in last week.The work was a New York Times best-seller, Amazon Best Book of the Year, New York Times Notable Book, and a Time magazine Best Book of the Year. <mask> optioned the motion picture and television rights to the story to Disney. In April 2010, Lipsky published Although of Course You End Up Becoming Yourself, about a five-day road trip with the writer <mask> Wallace.In Time Magazine, Lev Grossman wrote, "The transcript of their brilliant conversations reads like a two-man Tom Stoppard play or a four-handed duet scored for typewriter." The Atlantic Monthly called the work, "far-reaching, insightful, very funny, profound, surprising, and awfully human"; at National Public Radio, Michael Schaub described the book as "a startlingly sad yet deeply funny postscript to the career of one of the most interesting American writers of all time." Newsweek noted, "For readers unfamiliar with the sometimes intimidating Wallace oeuvre, <mask> has provided a conversational entry point into the writer's thought process. It's odd to think that a book about Wallace could serve both the newbies and the hard-cores, but here it is." Publishers Weekly, in a starred review, described the book as "rollicking" and "compellingly real," The Wall Street Journal as "lovely," and Laura Miller in Salon called it "exhilarating." The book was a New York Times best-seller and an NPR Best Book of the Year. The End of the Tour

A feature film adaptation of Although of

masks:
David Lipsky
Lipsky
David Foster
Lipsky


texts: Course You End Up Becoming Yourself, The End of the Tour, was released in July 2015, with Academy Award-nominated actor Jesse Eisenberg portraying <mask> and Jason Segel portraying Wallace.In his review for The New York Times, critic A.O. Scott wrote, "I love it," adding, "You hang on its every word and revel in its rough, vernacular beauty . . . There will always be films about writers and writing, and this one is just about as good as it gets." The film received a 92% "Certified Fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 159 reviews, with an average rating of 8.02/10. The site's critical consensus states: "Brilliantly performed and smartly unconventional, The End of the Tour pays fitting tribute to a singular talent while offering profoundly poignant observations on the human condition." The film also holds a score of 82 out of 100 on Metacritic, based on 35 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim."At Rogerebert.com, critic Brian Tallerico called the film a "joy," and "stunning . . .a gift of highly intellectual discussion between two brilliant people at turning points in their lives," while also praising Jason Segel and Jesse Eisenberg. The Washington Posts Ann Hornaday gave the film four out of four stars and called it, "A five-day conversation you won't want to end ... Part love story, part road trip, part elegy to a bygone, pre-9/11 age, 'The End of the Tour' brims with compassion and sharply honed insight" about "what it means to be human." In his review for Vanity Fair, Richard Lawson called it a "wise, humbly sublime film ... a profound, and profoundly


texts: affecting, movie, one that had me blubbering with happy-sad tears. What a pleasure to spend two hours in its company." In his review for the New York Daily News, Joe Neumaier awarded the film five out of five stars, calling it "one of the best movies of the year . . . Director James Ponsoldt's smart, incisive and extraordinary drama is the kind of film that burrows into your head and leaves you illuminated about life and how to live it." In her review for The Los Angeles Times, Sheri Linden wrote "James Ponsoldt's magnificent The End of the Tour gives us two guys talking, and the effect is breathtaking ...They're played with a wrought and wary chemistry, synapses blazing, by Jason Segel and Jesse Eisenberg." In his review in the New York Post, Kyle Smith gave the film four of four stars, writing, "The End of the Tour is the best movie you’ll see this summer. . . It's a glory. . . See it with your best friend." In his review for Cut Print Film, Josh Oakley awarded the film a perfect "10/10", calling it "one of the best films of the year", and stating "The End of the Tour presents, with ample evidence, Wallace as a figure who could never fill the holes of loneliness with the spackle of acclaim." In his review for the Chicago Sun-Times, Richard Roeper awarded the film four out of four stars, calling it "brilliant. . .this is one of the best movies of the year."In his review for the Minnesota Star Tribune Colin Covert gave the film four out of four stars, writing, "Simply put, it is a masterwork." The film featured in numerous "Best of 2015" lists, including The New York


texts: Times, Vanity Fair, Vogue, The Guardian, Entertainment Weekly, USA Today, Variety, The Washington Post, The New York Post, Huffington Post  Wired, The New Republic. <mask>'s work has appeared in Rolling Stone, Harper's Magazine, The New Yorker, The New York Times, Details, This American Life, and All Things Considered. He received a GLAAD Media Award for journalism in 1999. In 2009, he received the National Magazine


texts:
Countess  <mask>a Ferdinanda <mask>á of Chotkov and Vojnín –  (known as <mask> or <mask> - ) - (1863–1946), also known as the countess of roses was a grower of roses, who established the rosarium of Dolná Krupá (Slovakia),

The Dolná Krupá mansion

The village of Dolná Krupá (, ) is located in the Danubian Hills at the foot of the Little Carpathians in the Krupá River valley. The development of the Dolná Krupá estate started when it entered in the possession of  Michael II Brunswick (1671–1719) as he married Hungarian noblewoman, Margarethe Maria Theresia Vitalis de Vitalisfalva, the newlyweds choosing the property as their residence. In 1749–1756, their son, Anton Brunswick, built the first baroque mansion, designed by the viennese architect Johann Baptist Martinelli. On October 7, 1775, empress Maria Terezia of Austria awarded Anton Brunswick the title of count Brunswick of Korompa. After Anton's death, in 1780, the estate was inherited by his son, Jozef Brunswick (1750–1827), who appointed architect Johann Joseph Thalherr to renovate the mansion, the works being carried out from 1782 to 1796. The renovation significantly increased the size of the building but kept the baroque style of the mansion. An orangery and other annex buildings were constructed.In 1813 Jozef Brunswick asked architect Anton Pius Riegel to procure several old statues from Rome for the ornamentation of the mansion and of the park, in order to enhance its classical appearance. At the same time, from 1813 to 1819, landscaping architect Christian Heinrich Nebbien created an English garden

masks:
Henrieta Hermína Rudolfín
Marie Antonie Anna Chotkov
Marie Henrieta Chotek
Marie Henriette Chotek


texts:
 covering 100 hectares with many ponds. Other extensions and renovations were made from 1822 to 1828. The mansion was considered to be one of the most attractive residences of the aristocracy in Slovakia. Are informaţii suplimentare

Jozef Brunswick was a friend of composer Ludwig van Beethoven who was his guest at the Dolná Krupá mansion from 1797 - 1806. A small building near the entrance to the park, called the ‘’Beethoven House’’ is claimed to be the place where the composer lived during his stay. This is where he composed  the (Sonata No.14, (Moonlight Sonata). At present, a Beethoven Museum is located in the house. In 1813, Henrietta Brunswick, daughter of Jozef Brunswick, married count Heřman <mask> of Chotkov and Vojnín (1786–1822) and received the Dolná Krupá as dowry. The Choteks were an old Czech aristocratic family. <mask>, wife of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, was a cousin of Maria Henrietta's. <mask> died in 1822. In the following years, the estate stayed in the possession of the counts Chotek, first Herman's son,  Rudolf Chotek, and thereafter Maria Henrietta <mask> (1863–1945).Maria Henrietta Chotek and the beginning of the Dolná Krupá rose garden

Countess Maria Henrietta <mask> was born on November 24, 1863. Maria Henrietta was a lonely person. She never married and though she was very wealthy and was part of the Austro-Hungarian high aristocracy she never wanted to go to the imperial court, even after her cousin had married the Crown prince. Maria Henrietta enjoyed her residence in Dolná Krupá where she could devote all her time to her

masks:
Chotek
Sophie Chotek
Herman Chotek
Chotek
Chotek


texts: only passion: growing roses. For a long time after her death, villagers remembered her as a friendly person, fluent in the local Slovak, who participated to village festivities where she dressed in local clothes. Countess Maria Henrietta participated in local charities, generously supporting orphans and abandoned children. In the 1890s, when she inherited the Dolna Krupa estate, she decided to create a rosarium in the mansion's park, able to compete with the major rose gardens of the such as the Roseraie de L'Haÿ in France and Rosarium of  Sangerhausen  (at present called Europa Rosarium) in Germany.She was personally involved in breeding her roses and carried out experiments of improving rose species and developing new cultivars. Well known rosarians such as Peter Lambert, Wilhelm Kordes, Hermann Kiese, Johannes Böttner und Rudolf Geschwind were proud of being her friends and appreciated not only her competence but her unselfish help. In 1909 Pope Pius X awarded her a diploma of appreciation. Countess Chotek was an important member of the Verein Deutscher Rosenfreunde – VDR (Union of German Friends of Roses), which had been created in 1903. She actively participated in various congresses of rose-breeders, where her rosarium was seen as one of the first three in Europe. In 1910, at the Liegnitz (today Legnica in Silesia) congress, count Carl Friedrich von Pückler-Burghauss, mentioned the three rosaria by stating: "Today chains of roses link Germany with France and Austria-Hungary". Countess <mask> <mask> was known as the "countess of roses".She is still

masks:
Marie Henrieta
Chotek


texts: mentioned under this name in works on the history of rose breeding. Her enthusiasm regarding roses was remarkable. Peter Lambert states that during an exhibition in Liegnitz <mask> <mask> was so impressed by a rambling rose cultivar named "Fragezeichen" (Question Mark) presented by Johannes Böttner, that she left for Frankfurt as soon as the congress was over in order to be able to admire the new rose culvitars in all their splendor. In 1910, after Rudolf Geschwind's death, countess <mask> acquired his entire collection of roses, thus ensuring the preservation of the genetic patrimony created by Geschwindt. She sent two of her employees to supervise the packing and transportation of the roses, which were thereafter transplanted to a special section of her rosarium. She thus acquired over 2,000 plants, including some cultivars which had not yet been on the market. It is due to those efforts that some of Geschwind's creations are present in Sangerhausen and other today's rosaria.The Dolná Krupá rosarium was a pride of the Union of German Friends of Roses, and, in 1914, at the Rose Congress of Zweibrücken, rosarian Hermann Kiese presented an enthusiastic description of the rosarium which he had visited a short time before. The Zweibrücken Congress was the last major event organized by the Union and a recognition of Countess Chotek's achievements. Only a few days after the closure of the congress, on June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Austria-Hungary's crownprince and his wife Sophie (<mask>'s cousin) were Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in

masks:
Henrieta
Chotek
Chotek
Marie Henrieta


texts:
 Saraevo. This marked not only the beginning of World War I but also the end of an era. From this moment, countess Chotek's and her rosarium's fates started their inexorable decline. During World War I, countess Chotek gave up her gardening and worked as a nurse, taking care of wounded soldiers, working in the hospital of Tyrnau (now Trnava). When she returned to her estate, at the end of the war, her rosarium was completely destroyed.The Austro-Hungarian monarchy had ceased to exist, Unter Krompach was not called Alsókorompa but had taken the name of Dolná Krupá and the little village was now part of Czechoslovakia. Decline of the Dolná Krupá rosarium

After the end of the war, countess <mask> <mask> started to work on rebuilding her rosarium. But, after the war, the number of those interested in roses or who could afford such an activity had dramatically declined. In order to revive the interest for the roses she loved so dearly, besides working on her rosarium, she also established in Dolná Krupá a school for rose growing. Dr. Gustav Brada, a Czech horticulturist also specializing in growing roses, who visited Dolná Krupá in 1921, stated that the rosarium had been extremely damaged during the war and that the loss of some rare rose cultivars was practically impossible to overcome. The only rose garden which had not suffered due to the war was the Roseraie de L'Haÿ in France and the successors of Jules Gravereau, who were in charge of the rosarium were not inclined to help competition develop in the countries defeated during the war. Also, rebuilding the rose


texts: garden required important investments and countess <mask> <mask> did not have the means in the difficult economic conditions after the war.Rose growing required much labor as the according to the procedures used in the 1920s, roses had to be replanted every 4–5 years, in order to avoid the depletion of the nutrient qualities of the soil. After the roses were removed, the plots were covered with manure and for one year potatoes were grown. The following years beans or peas were grown after which the plots had to be ploughed deeply before roses could be replanted. These procedures were very expensive. However, when Gustav Brada visited Dolná Krupá again, in 1927, he could assess that countess <mask> <mask> had succeeded in rebuilding a model rosarium, which, according to him, was an important attraction in Slovakia. The catalog printed by the rosarium listed 885 different cultivars, including 228 climbing roses, 33 Bourbon roses and 210 garden roses, the rest being so-called noble roses. The rosarium also created new cultivars, the most important being a "Nordlandrose II", an improvement of one of Rudolf Geschwind's creations.The last important creations included in the catalog were "Phaenomen" in 1933 and "Ignis" in 1934. However these successes were superficial. The rosarium never regained the richness and the size it had in 1914, before the war. Countess <mask> <mask> was in idealist, who had an outstanding knowledge in rose breeding, who loved roses above anything in the world but who had few skills as a businesswoman. Her rose breeding school ran into

masks:
Marie Henrieta
Chotek
Marie Henrieta
Chotek
Marie Henrieta
Chotek


texts:
 financial difficulties. She was already 70 years old and did not have the intellectual and physical energy to carry on her work all by herself. She had helped others all her life but now when she needed help she could get it from nowhere.She could not maintain her rosarium any longer and both she and her rosarium were aging rapidly. In 1934, at the inauguration of the rose garden on the Petřín Hill in Prague, professor Karl Domin had to concede:

"The Dolná Krupá rosarium is far from what it was some time ago. The park is gradually being destroyed. Large parts of the park are being cultivated with potatoes and corn, to ensure the means of survival. The old countess lives alone in her large palace. However, the few visitors she still has can still feel how great her love of roses is." However, changes occurred not only in Dolná Krupá.In 1934 the Union of German Friends of Roses was merged into the third section of the German Society for Horticulture and the headquarters moved to Berlin. It was one of the measures taken by the authorities of the Third Reich to gain control over various professional organizations. The publication of the magazines of the Union of German Friends of Roses was also discontinued and replaced by the printing of year books. The 1938 year book is the last mentioning the Dolná Krupá rosarium. After the Division of Czechoslovakia and the beginning of World War II nobody was interested in roses any more. Due to the war, manpower for the rose garden was scarce and every year the rosarium fell into a worse state. Towards the end of the war the