texts: good reviews and sold more than 100,000 copies. As an author he is best known for his first book; he subsequently published four other novels to more mixed reviews. Together with his wife, Princess Märtha, <mask> wrote a book about their wedding in 2002.He also participated in various creative projects, for example, the design of a china set named "Peacock" for Magnor Glassverk, and he was a model for a clothing chain. He also made TV documentaries, including a critical documentary on the Afghanistan War in 2002, titled Øst for krigen – invitert av Taliban. <mask> appeared in the comedy films Team Antonsen in 2004 and Long Flat Balls in 2006. He was a freelance writer for several newspapers and magazines. In 2011 he co-hosted the award-winning TV series Ari og Per on NRK with his friend Per Heimly. The appeal of one episode of the show was attributed, in part, to the willingness of <mask> and Heimly to be authentic and vulnerable participants on camera at an Ängsbacka festival. <mask> and Heimly appeared together on a later TV program, "Ari and Per Solve World Problems" on TVNorge in 2013.<mask> was also a playwright; His first play, Treningstimen ("The Training Hour") debuted in 2011. Although the play was reported to have received a standing ovation from the audience on opening night, reviews overall were mixed. From 2013, until his death, <mask> was active as a painter in a neo-expressionist tradition; he cited Jean-Michel Basquiat as his most important inspiration. As a painter he achieved commercial success by Norwegian standards, and sold paintings for 5.7 million NOK in 2018. <mask> exhibited his work internationally, including at Gabba Gallery's exhibit Borderless:

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 Scandinavia in Los Angeles in 2018. <mask> was paired with the Scandinavian painters Mikael Persbrandt and Espen Eiborg and artwork from the trio has been shown in over 60 international galleries since 2017. Behn published Inferno in 2018 which detailed the aftermath of his divorce and included some of his struggles with mental health.Marriage and family

On 24 May 2002, <mask> married Princess Märtha Louise, the eldest child of King Harald V of Norway. Märtha Louise is a self-described clairvoyant who led her own alternative therapy center named Astarte Education/Soulspring, commonly known in Norway as the "angel school" (), which provided training in communication with angels and communication with the dead. At the time of their wedding his wife was second in the line of succession to the Norwegian throne after her younger brother; from her birth in 1971 to 1990 she was not in the line of succession at all due to Norway's agnatic primogeniture succession. She was however 26th in the line of succession to the British throne at the time of her birth. Behn remained a private citizen and held no title, royal status or special privileges during the marriage; since 1814 Norway has no nobility and no concept of commoners, only citizens. They had three daughters, all of whom are also private citizens: Maud Angelica <mask> (born 2003), Leah Isadora <mask> (born 2005), and Emma Tallulah <mask> (born 2008). The family lived for a time in Islington, north London, in New York, and then in the Lommedalen valley outside Oslo.On 5 August 2016, the Royal Court announced that Princess Märtha Louise and <mask> had started divorce proceedings and intended to share custody of their three daughters.

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 They were divorced in 2017. At the time of his death <mask> was in a relationship with lawyer Ebba Rysst Heilman. Reception and press coverage
Around the turn of the century <mask> and some of his friends, among them photographer Per Heimly, declared themselves to be "The New Wine." During the early 2000s <mask> was often portrayed in Norwegian media as a pretentious poseur. He was known for "harsh public feuds" with critics and artists and was often the subject of ridicule in the media. In 2001 he famously challenged critic Kjetil Rolness to a duel with pistol or sword.Even his relative Ole Paus called him "Prins Kvaps von und zu Quasi" [roughly: Prince Fool von und zu Fake] in 2002. In later years <mask> was reconciled with many of his critics from this period, and public reception became less critical in the late 2010s after he became active as a visual artist. In his final novel Inferno <mask> commented on how he was viewed in Norway: "I also design tableware and wine glasses, I joke with my own position as a public figure in the media. I am a clown, in worst case. In best case, I am a debater and public figure. To many people I am a fool." Art historian Øivind Lorentz Storm Bjerke said that <mask> "is sometimes portrayed as a merry amateur who suddenly decided to try his hand at art, but this is not correct [...] he is part of a group of visual artists who lack formal training, but who are active in different art forms."<mask> made headlines in Norwegian newspapers in the autumn of 2006, when he revealed that he voted for the Norwegian Labour Party. His friendship with the former Minister of Culture and Labour leader Trond Giske attracted criticism from newspapers and


texts: politicians. In January 2009, <mask> received massive media coverage in the Norwegian press after going on a "personal vendetta" against former palace official Carl-Erik Grimstad, accusing him of spreading tabloid nonsense regarding <mask> and his family. Following his death <mask> was widely praised for his personal qualities, and described as a caring, colourful personality. In December 2017, <mask> said that the actor Kevin Spacey had groped his genitals in 2007, at a nightclub during the afterparty for the Nobel Peace Prize concert; however he said he didn't feel violated by the incident and that he "had a wonderful time" at the party; Behn said on the talkshow Skavlan: "I didn't experience it as sexual harassment [...] for me it was a compliment." Following his death American media portrayed him as a "Spacey accuser", although he had not accused Spacey of wrongdoing or been involved in any legal cases against Spacey, and conspiracy theories focusing on the incident circulated on the Internet; Norwegian commentators pointed out that Behn had regarded the incident as a minor, entertaining anecdote, and accused American media of fostering conspiracy theories by blowing the incident out of proportion. Media studies scholar Gunn Enli described American coverage of <mask>'s death and its focus on the Spacey incident "taken out of context" as a "distorted version of reality."<mask> was the subject of a documentary series that followed him during a difficult period around the time of his divorce. The three-episode series, titled <mask> Behn og halve kongeriket ("<mask> and the Half Kingdom"), was produced for TV3. Prior to the release of the series, <mask> and members of his family

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 made clear that they did not support the final content and withheld their approval. TV3 aired the docuseries in 2018 despite the objections of <mask>, his family, and his legal representatives. After <mask>'s death, TV3 withdrew web access to the series on the day preceding his funeral. Death
<mask> died at his home in Lommedalen on 25 December 2019. A statement from his family said Behn had died by suicide.He had struggled with alcoholism and mental health problems. In a 2009 interview he said he was chronically depressed and lonely. The swift public announcement by the Norwegian royal family following his death was noted as unusually open and forthright; King Harald V, Queen Sonja, and other members of his former wife's family as well as his own family expressed their sorrow at his death in statements released to the public. His funeral was held at Oslo Cathedral on 3 January 2020. <mask>'s publisher said that <mask> left behind a completed manuscript for a children's book which he had written with his eldest daughter Maud Angelica. It is uncertain whether the book will be published. His resting place is the Cemetery of Our Saviour.Honours

National honours
 : Recipient of the Medal of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of King Olav V
 : Recipient of the Royal House Centenary Medal
 : Recipient of the King Harald V Silver Jubilee Medal

Foreign honours
 : Knight Grand Officer of the Order of the Crown
 : Recipient of the 70th Birthday Medal of King Carl XVI Gustaf

Bibliography
Trist som faen ("Sad as Hell"), 1999, collection of short stories, 93 pages, . Fra hjerte til hjerte ("From Heart to Heart"), 2002 in collaboration with wife Märtha Louise, is a book about their wedding, .

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 Bakgård ("Backyard"), 2003, . Entusiasme og raseri ("Enthusiasm and Rage"), a roman à clef published in October 2006, . Vivian Seving etc., 2009, . Talent for lykke ("Talent for Happiness"), 2011, collection of short stories, 96 pages, . Tiger i Hagen ("Tiger in the Garden"), 2015, collection of short stories, 96 pages, .Inferno, 2018, novel with paintings, 118 pages, . References

External links
Official Website
Memorialpage for <mask>

1972 births
2019 deaths
20th-century Norwegian male writers
Norwegian male short story writers
People from Aarhus
People from Moss, Norway
Recipients of the Order of the Crown (Netherlands)
Suicides in Norway
Waldorf school alumni
21st-century Norwegian male writers
University of Oslo alumni
Norwegian painters
20th-century Norwegian short story writers
21st-century Norwegian short story writers
2019 suicides
Painters who committed


texts: <mask> (August 3, 1882 – July 14, 1967) was a Slovenian poet and translator. <mask> was born in the village of Medana in the Gorizia Hills region, in what was then the Austro-Hungarian Empire and is today in the Municipality of Brda of Slovenia. His father was a Slovene from Trieste who came from a poor working-class background, but created considerable wealth by winemaking. His mother was an ethnic Friulian from the County of Gorizia and Gradisca. His younger brother Jožef later served as mayor of the village. Gradnik attended the multilingual State Gymnasium in Gorizia. He lived in a student home run by the Catholic Church.Among his friends from this period were Avgust Žigon, who later became a renowned literary scholar, the Slovene writer Ivan Pregelj and the Friulian prelate Luigi Fogar, who later served as bishop of Trieste. After finishing high school, he went to study law in Vienna. After graduation in 1907, he served as a district judge in the Istrian city of Pula, in Gorizia and in other smaller towns throughout the Austrian Littoral. During this period, he was active in Slovene and Croat cultural and political associations. Between 1913 and 1915, he frequented the intellectual circles of young Slovene national-liberals in Gorizia. Among his friends from the period were Andrej Gabršček, the leader of the National Progressive Party in Gorizia and Gradisca, the young historian and jurist Bogumil Vošnjak and the lawyers Dinko Puc and Drago Marušič, who all later became prominent liberal politicians in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In 1924, he married Mira Potokar, with whom he had a son, Sergij.In 1920, after the Italian annexation of the Julian March, he emigrated to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, where he continued his career as a judge. In the late 1920s, he worked as an expert

masks:
Alojz Gradnik
Life Gradnik


texts:
 consultant at the Ministry of Justice in Belgrade. He was later appointed member of the High Court for the Security of the State, in which political trials were conducted. From 1936 and 1941 he served as a member of the "Bank of the Seven" (Stol sedmorice), the court of cassation which had jurisdiction on all former Austro-Hungarian parts of Yugoslavia. The court was located in Zagreb and during his stay in the Croatian capital, Gradnik enjoyed the company of Croat intellectuals like the writer Vladimir Nazor, historian Antun Barac, and poet Ivan Goran Kovačić. After the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, he was expelled by the new Fascist authorities of the Independent State of Croatia. He moved back to Ljubljana.Between 1942 and 1943, he was internated in the Gonars concentration camp by the Italian Fascist occupation authorities. The concentration camp experience would strongly influence his later poetry. After the end of World War II, he returned to Ljubljana, where he spent the rest of his life as a pensioner. After September 1947, when the Slovenian Littoral was annexed to Yugoslavia, he regularly visited his native village, spending most of the summer season writing poetry. Gradnik was a polyglot: besides Slovene, he was fluent in Italian, Friulian, German, Serbo-Croatian, English, and French. He also spoke Russian, Hungarian, and Spanish, and knew Latin and Ancient Greek. He studied several oriental languages, such as Sanskrit, Persian, Bengali and Mandarin.He died in Ljubljana. Work

Gradnik was a prolific author. During his lifetime, between 1916 and 1944, he published nine collections of poems and left a large number of unpublished works. Together with Izidor Cankar and Ivan Pregelj, Gradnik belonged to the second generation of modernist authors in Slovenian


texts: literature (the first was composed by Ivan Cankar, Oton Župančič, Dragotin Kette, and others). Gradnik was most influenced by the work of the poet Josip Murn Aleksandrov, and was probably among the first to acknowledge Murn's poetic genius. Like Murn, Gradnik incorporated impressionist visions of the countryside and peasant life into his poetry. Gradnik's style and vocabulary were simple, but his motifs and contents complex.Gradnik's early poetry was strongly inspired by both the older generations of Slovenian poets (the modernists, but also Simon Gregorčič and France Prešeren) and the European decadent movement. One of the specific traits of Gradnik's early period was his intense focus on the relationship between Eros and Thanatos: that is, between erotic passion and the motive of death. He later moved away from decadentism, rediscovering his Roman Catholic faith and turning to more mystical themes, maintaining a simple and plain language. He also wrote patriotic songs, in which he conveyed intimate sentiments of pain, hope and frustration for the tragedies in the contemporary Slovenian history. Gradnik was also very influenced by the visual arts, especially painting and sculpture. He wrote a book on the Slovene impressionist painter Rihard Jakopič and maintained a close friendship with the painter Ivan Grohar, the illustrators Riko Debenjak and  Miha Maleš, and the sculptor Jakob Savinšek. Several painters strongly influenced his work, especially Eugène Carrière, Božidar Jakac, and the Brueghels.Gradnik was also an important translator. Among other works, he translated the first two parts of Dante's Divine Comedy into Slovene. He also translated works of other important authors, including Francesco Petrarca, Giacomo Leopardi, Rabindranath Tagore, Giosuè Carducci, Romain Rolland,


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 Omar Khayyam, Jovan Jovanović Zmaj, Vuk Karadžić, Ivan Mažuranić, Petar Petrović Njegoš, Ugo Foscolo, Anton Chekhov, Juan Ramón Jiménez, John Erskine, Federico García Lorca, Sándor Petőfi, Endre Ady. He also wrote children's literature. Influence and legacy

Today, <mask> is considered the most important Slovenian poet in the interwar period, next to Oton Župančič, and one of the most important Slovene poets of the 20th century. In his lifetime, however, he was mostly disregarded by critics. With his traditional style and conservative worldview, he remained outside the contemporary literary mainstream.However, he influenced the work of some highly talented non-conventional authors such as Lili Novy and France Balantič. After the establishment of the Communist regime in Yugoslavia after 1945, his position deteriorated. <mask> was an anti-Fascist, he sympathised with the Liberation Front of the Slovenian People, and even wrote several poems about the Yugoslav People's Liberation War in Slovenia. Nevertheless, his deep Christian religious sentiment and his magical realistic style were seen as reactionary by the Communists. His membership in the High Tribunal for the Security of the State, which condemned several Communist activists, was a further reason for his fall into disgrace during Josip Broz Tito's regime. He did not suffer any persecution, but he was pushed away from public life. Between 1945 and 1967, he published mostly translations and none of his new poetry was published.There was no public commemoration upon his death and he was not included in the canon taught in schools. In Yugoslavia, no street or institution was named after him until 1990. Nevertheless, many of his poems gained much popularity in his home region and a local school in the Italian commune of San Floriano

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 del Collio was named after him in the late 1970s. <mask> was rediscovered in the late 1980s, when he was elevated to a truly national poet for the first time. He became a major source of influence for the younger generations of postmodern authors, such as Brane Senegačnik, Nevin Birsa, Aleš Šteger, and others. Since mid-1996, an annual festival has been held in August in his home village of Medana, called Days of Poetry and Wine (Dnevi poezije in vina), to which young international poets are invited. Bibliography
Padajoče zvezde - (Falling Stars, 1916)
Pot bolesti - (The Path of Sorrow, 1922)
De Profundis - (1926)
Svetle samote - (Bright Solitudes, 1932)
Večni studenci - (Eternal Wells, 1938)
Zlate lestve - (Golden Ladders, 1940)
Bog in umetnik - (God and the Artist, 1943)
Pojoča kri - (Singing Blood, 1944)
Pesmi o Maji - (Poems about Maja, 1944)
Grozdja Girlande - (Garlands of Grapes)
Tolmin - (Tolmin)

Sources

Taras Kermauner, <mask>a pot k Bogu (Nova Gorica: Zveza kulturnih organizacij, 1997).Fedora Ferluga Petronio, "Alojz Gradnik - Pesnik goriških Brd: mednarodni simpozij ob 125. obletnici pesnikovega rojstva", Primorski dnevnik, yr. 69, n. 113 (May 13, 2007). Danila Zuljan Kumar, "Z referati osvetlili njegovo poezijo: Gradnikov simpozij na Univerzi v Vidmu, Briški časnik, y. 11, n. 47 (2007). 1882 births
1967 deaths
Slovenian poets
Slovenian translators
Italian–Slovene translators
Serbian–Slovene translators
Croatian–Slovene translators
Hungarian–Slovene translators
Slovenian lawyers
University of Vienna alumni
Members of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts
Slovenian people of Friulian descent
Slovenian Roman Catholics
Slovenian Catholic poets
Presidents of the Slovene Writers' Association
20th-century poets
20th-century translators
People from the Municipality of

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<mask> (April 4, 1838 – March 20, 1891) was an American stage actor. Biography

A native of Paterson, New Jersey, <mask> was born in 1838 to Mary Agnes (née Read) <mask> and tailor <mask>, Irish immigrants who had settled in Paterson. He was raised in Detroit, and made his first stage appearance there in 1853 as Murad in The French Spy. In December 1856 he made his first New York appearance at the Chambers Street theatre as Sir Thomas Clifford in The Hunchback. In 1858 he was in the repertory company at the Boston Museum. In 1862 enlisted for the American Civil War, and was appointed a captain in Company B of the 28th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment; he served until resigning in 1863. From 1868 to 1870, with John McCullough, he managed the California theatre, San Francisco, where he frequently toured the interior towns with McCullough and casts from the theater.Among his many and varied parts may be mentioned Hamlet, King Lear, Macbeth, Shylock, Richard III, Wolsey, Benedick in Much Ado About Nothing, Richelieu, David Garrick, Hernani, Alfred Evelyn, Lanciotto in George Henry Boker's (1823–1890) Francesca da Rimini, and Janies Harebell in The Man o' Airlie. <mask> acted in London in 1867, 1882, 1883 and 1884, his "Cardinal Richelieu" portrayal in Edward Bulwer-Lytton's drama being considered his best part. In 1889, he produced the first performance of The Duchess of Padua, retitling it Guido Ferranti and taking on the title role. In 1869 <mask> partnered with actor John McCullough in the creation of San Francisco's California Theater, leaving his management position within two years, although he became a frequent actor on tour of the West throughout the 1870s and 80s. He was particularly successful in Kansas City, Missouri, where he performed for a week in December 1870 in the inaugural season of the Coates Opera House; he returned 11 times. In 1889, he produced William Young's play Ganelon, with himself in the title role. The expensive production set in the

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texts: Middle Ages had a successful run.William S. Hart, who was initially hired to play one of the roles, recalled," The performances were given, and they were highly creditable too!" He was managed for many years by Robert E. Stevens, the father of actress Emily Stevens and theater director Robert Stevens. In addition to his acting, <mask> also wrote a life of Edwin Forrest in the American Actors Series (Boston, 1881). Of the actor, <mask> said his personality was too strong to allow his characters to show through: "He was in all things marked and distinctive. His obtrusive personality often destroyed the harmony of the portrait he was painting." <mask> frequently worked with fellow stage actor Edwin Booth; he played Othello to Booth's Iago and Cassius to his Brutus in Julius Caeasar. He wrote a sketch of his colleague for Edwin Booth and his Contemporaries (Boston, 1886).Shortly after, <mask> contacted Booth and suggested that the two tour together beginning in 1887 season. They worked together for the next several years and were immensely successful, both in popularity and in financial returns. As Booth reflected on <mask>'s leadership and management, he wrote: "Well, why should I not do good work, after all <mask> has done for me... Good work, eh? Well, I'll give him the best that's in me, he deserves it." On April 3, 1889, the two were performing in Othello but Booth's voice did not work when he attempted to deliver Iago's first lines. <mask> asked the curtain to be lowered and called for doctors before telling the audience there would be no performance that night. He was reported as saying, "We fear that this is the beginning of the end.The world may have heard for the last time the voice of the greatest actor who speaks the English language." Newspapers reported that Booth was dying, though he survived the incident. <mask> began showing serious health problems in 1890. That year, after organizing performances starring Booth and Polish actress Helena Modjeska, he traveled to a spa

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 in Germany before rejoining them in the fall. Due to a glandular problem, however, his face was swollen and his voice was weak. Finally, in March 1891, during a performance of Richelieu at the Broadway Theatre, <mask> whispered to Booth that he could not go on. He finished the scene before being replaced by his understudy.He died three days later. A few years after his death, author Eugene Field criticized the condition of his grave in Massachusetts, writing: "The neglect with which <mask>'s memory has been treated... is one of the most shameful blots upon the theatrical profession." Personal life
<mask> married Mary F. Mayer in Boston on September 4, 1859. <ref>Famous Actors and Actresses on the American Stage, p.51 vol. 1 A-J c.1975 by William C. Young .. </ref>
He was the grandfather of stage and screen actress <mask>, the first wife of Vincent Price. <mask> was a longtime friend of Miss Matoaca Gay; he encouraged her studies of Shakespeare, and even gave readings at Miss Gay's study groups. Acting style
One critic noted <mask> had "a well knit form and face capable of expressing sorrow, by the merest movement of a muscle; joy by the kindling of the eye; or rage, by the transport of the entire body".Another critic disagreed, however, writing: "Mr. <mask> is generally looked upon as being a brainy man, an earnest man, an ambitious man, and a studious man. He writes well, talks well, and manages well, but in the judgment of the metropolitan connoisseurs he does not play well. His culture and cleverness appear, they say, in everything he does except in his stage personations." Quotation

References

Sources

Auden, W.H. ; Kronenberger, Louis (1966), The Viking Book of Aphorisms'', New York: Viking Press. External links

Guide to <mask> correspondence at Houghton Library, Harvard University

1838 births
1891 deaths
19th-century American male actors
American male stage actors
American people of Irish descent
Actors from Paterson, New Jersey
People of Massachusetts in the American

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Princess <mask> of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau (Wilhelmina Frederika Louise <mask>; 9 May 1810 – 29 May 1883) was the youngest child of King William I of the Netherlands and Princess Wilhelmine of Prussia. Princess <mask> was a woman who thought and lived very unconventionally for her time because she had left her unfaithful husband Prince Albert of Prussia and had an illegitimate son (with she openly recognized) with her partner Johannes van Rossum, with whom she also lived in a common-law marriage. She was banished from the Kingdom of Prussia. An avid art collector and patron, she made her new residence, Schloss Reinhartshausen in Erbach, a cultural attraction on the Rhine. Through her remarkable social commitment to the needy, especially in the Rheingau and Silesia, she gained great sympathy among the population. The Johanneskirche in Erbach, which was founded by the deeply religious <mask> after the tragic death of her 12-year-old illegitimate son, is closely linked to her fate. This church is an exceptional cultural monument and was the first Protestant church in the Rheingau.Early life

Born in Berlin, <mask> was the youngest child and second daughter of Prince William Frederick of Orange-Nassau by his wife Wilhelmine of Prussia. Her elder sister Pauline had died long before her birth, so <mask> became the only daughter of her parents to survive to adulthood. Her two older brothers were Prince William Frederick George Louis (future King William II of the Netherlands) and Prince William Frederik Charles. Two other brothers were stillborn on 18 August 1795 and 30 August 1806, respectively. After France had conquered the Netherlands in 1795,

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texts: Prince William and his family fled first to Great Britain and later to his father-in-law's court in Berlin. <mask> was born there on 9 May 1810 as the Nesthäkchen (Baby of the Family) in the Niederländisches Palais; named after her maternal aunt-by-marriage Princess William of Prussia. Her baptism took place twenty-two days later, on 31 May, with her older brother William Frederick as one of her godparents.When their homeland was liberated from Napoleonic rule in 1813, the exile finally came to an end. <mask>'s father had landed on the beach of Scheveningen on 30 November 1813 and some time later <mask> came to The Hague with her mother and her nanny Bonninck. The family temporarily lived in the Huis Huguetan at 34 Lange Voorhout, and after the Noordeinde Palace and the Huis ten Bosch were refurnished, they moved there. The summer months were spent at the Het Loo Palace in Apeldoorn. On 30 March 1814, her father was inaugurated as Sovereign of the Netherlands in the Nieuwe Kerk in Amsterdam. By the Congress of Vienna, Belgium was annexed to the Netherlands and on 21 September 1815, William I was inaugurated as King in Brussels. As the new King and Queen of the Netherlands and Belgium, her parents had little time for their daughter; this distant and non-authoritarian upbringing was decisive in <mask>'s character.They appointed a governess from a noble circle, Countess Jacoba Bentinck, married to the Lord of Middachten. She was strict with <mask> and arranged her princely education, including lessons from the home teacher Catharina van Ulft. Although she received lessons in foreign languages, her mastering of them are poor, and she spoke a mixture of German and

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 French, and hardly any Dutch. In 1828 she was betrothed to Gustav, former Crown Prince of Sweden, and the bride and groom evidently had true feelings for each other. But the son of a dethroned king was not considered befitting, and the engagement was broken off in 1829. Marriage with Prince Albert of Prussia
In Noordeinde Palace at The Hague on 14 September 1830, <mask> married her first cousin Prince Albert, the fourth son of her mother's brother, King Frederick William III of Prussia. The couple lived in Berlin, initially in Schönhausen Palace in Pankow, and from 1832 in the Prinz-Albrecht-Palais in Friedrichstadt, built by Karl Friedrich Schinkel; <mask> also bought the Schloss Kamenz in 1838 for her family in the village of Kamieniec Ząbkowicki, Lower Silesia, in southwestern Poland.However, soon the marriage became unhappy: the sensitive, deeply religious, artistically and socially interested <mask> and the militarily educated, Prussian drill-loving Albert did not match each other's characters; he was also prone to extramarital adventures. <mask> did not want to accept this without complaint and, as was expected at the time, to keep quiet for the sake of form. In 1845, after she found that Albert began a love affair with her own lady-in-waiting Rosalie von Rauch (the daughter of the Prussian Minister of War Gustav von Rauch), <mask> finally left him and moved to the town of Voorburg, located in the west part of the province of South Holland, Netherlands. She asked for a divorce, but neither the Prussian nor the Dutch court gave their approval. Thereupon she traveled through Europe or stayed on her estates in Italy, Silesia and the Netherlands; despite


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 this, at least until 1848 <mask> tried to reach a reconciliation with her husband, without success. Union with Johannes van Rossum

On 7 March 1848 <mask> bought the Rusthof estate Buitenplaats Rusthof in Voorburg and settled there with her lover, the already married Johannes van Rossum, who was her personal coachman; he also became her travel companion and later cabinet secretary. In doing so, she violated the principles of her class and provoked a scandal.When was found that she was expecting a child from van Rossum, in order to prevent an even bigger scandal, both courts of The Hague and Berlin finally gave their permission for the divorce that <mask> and Albert had longed for. On 28 March 1849, the divorce was officially pronounced, and on 30 October <mask> gave birth to a son, Johannes Wilhelm von Reinhartshausen in Cefalù, during one of her trips to Sicily. The courts of The Hague and Berlin then broke off all contact with <mask>: in the Kingdom of Prussia, there was even an official exile decree that allowed her to stay on Prussian soil for only 24 hours at a time. The upbringing of her children from her marriage to Albert was also withdrawn from her; the guardianship passed to Queen Elisabeth of Prussia. Soon after the birth of their son, she traveled with Johannes van Rossum through Europe and the Orient (Egypt, Palestine, Syria) before finally settling in Rome in 1851 at the Villa Celimontana, whom she had bought and where she brought her son to live with her and van Rossum. With her decision to raise her illegitimate child herself and not, as is customary in the aristocracy, to silently give it into the hands of someone else as a "misstep", she


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 once again attracted the disapproval of the royal families. <mask> and van Rossum never married but simply lived together, although a morganatic marriage would have been possible after the death of van Rossum's wife Catharina Wilhelmina Keijzer in 1861.Mother and entrepreneur
For <mask>, the banishment decree meant that she could only meet her children (and later grandchildren), with whom she remained closely connected throughout her life, outside of Prussia or during a 24-hour stay. The encounters therefore took place on <mask>'s estates in the Netherlands and Italy or in the Weißwasser Castle near Jauernig, which she acquired in 1853, right behind the Prussian border. From here she was quickly in Prussia, and could also reach her goods in Silesia, and continue to take care of their management and administration. <mask> was a clever entrepreneur who increased her possessions in the course of her life and made her descendants the richest branch of the Hohenzollern dynasty. In 1843, she bought the Villa Sommariva in Tremezzo on Lake Como in Northern Italy for 780,000 lira to her former owner Emilia Sommariva, and in 1850 she gave it as a present to her eldest daughter Charlotte on occasion to her wedding to the Hereditary Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, being renamed Villa Carlotta; Charlotte enjoyed the villa for only a few years before dying in 1855 at the age of 23 of complications from childbirth. The Schloss Kamenz in Silesiawas the wedding present for her son Albert. At her children's weddings, as at all family celebrations, she was not tolerated throughout her life.Despite the family and social ostracism, <mask> never hid her love partner and their illegitimate


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 child. She also appeared with them at public events. A new home in the Rheingau
In search of permanent residence near the Prussian border, which would make it easier for her to visit her children, <mask> moved back from Italy to her homeland in 1855. She acquired Schloss Reinhartshausen in Erbach in the Duchy of Nassau, near the Westerwald headquarters of her Orange-Nassau dynasty (Laurenberg, Nassau, Dillenburg, Diez). Here she settled with Johannes van Rossum and their son. It was to remain her residence until her death. Patronage
An unusually progressive woman and cultural visionary, <mask> made the Schloss Reinhartshausen a cultural center of the Rhine.<mask> reconstructed part of the Schloss as a museum to house her art collection, probably consisting of more than 600 paintings, graphics and numerous marble statues, most of which she had brought with her from Rome. The museum is known today as the Festsäle. The Schloss was always vibrant with many guests and <mask> encouraged young artists providing them accommodation and patronage. Of her art collection, only 180 paintings, 110 drawings including watercolors and gouaches, as well as various sculptures can be found in the Schloss Reinhartshausen today: some statues in the castle garden and in the garden of the rectory of the Johanneskirche in Erbach, most of which was distributed in her family and probably sold. In 1932 there was also an auction in Berlin. In 1872 in the name of her father King William I, she donated almost two thirds of the constructions costs to Dillenburg to help finance the creation of a new lookout tower, the Wilhelmsturm, to commemorate her ancestor <mask> Silent who received the

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Marianne
Marianne
Marianne
William the


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 envoys from the Low Countries at his home on this spot asking him to take the lead in their rebellion against the Spanish Netherlands. Foundation of the Johanneskirche in Erbach

<mask> and van Rossum had their son raised in a civil society, he was supposed to become a theologian or lawyer.From October 1861 onward, Johannes Wilhelm von Reinhartshausen was no longer taught by private tutors, but attended a boarding school in nearby Dauborn. But during the holidays he fell ill with scarlet fever at home and died surprisingly on Christmas Day of 1861. The deeply religious Protestant <mask> gave the community of Erbach a piece of land and 60,000 guilders for the construction of the first Protestant church in the Rheingau on the evening of the day he died, including the clergy house. In doing so, she fulfilled her son's wish for his own place of worship for Protestant Christians in the Rheingau, which he had expressed a few weeks before his death. The builder of the church was Eduard Zais, son of the famous Nassau master builder Christian Zais. <mask>'s son was finally buried in the crypt behind the altar of this church, which was solemnly inaugurated in 1865. A small angel figure by the Dutch sculptor Johann Heinrich Stöver commissioned by her adorns his sarcophagus.Stöver also created three Carrara marble statues based on motifs by the Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen, which were placed in the chancel and symbolize faith, love and hope. In honor of the apostle Johannes and in memory of Johannes Wilhelm, the church was named Johanneskirche. Social engagement
<mask> supported social and church institutions into old age. She was extremely popular not only in the

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 Rheingau because of her great social commitment. She financed the pastoral office of the Johanneskirche, she founded and improved the pastor's salary, supported the needy in the parishes of both denominations ("everyone is equal before God") as well as the school in Erbach and the Wiesbaden institution for the blind. In Silesia she supported widows' funds, orphanages, hospitals and also here the construction of a Protestant church with a rectory. Later years and death

On 10 May 1873 Johannes van Rossum, <mask>'s partner for 25 years and the love of her life, died from comsumpition aged 63 at Schloss Reinhartshausen.Although <mask> had reserved space for two more graves next to her son in the deed of foundation of the Johanneskirche, for herself and van Rossum, at the end van Rossum was buried on 14 April in the public cemetery of Erbach, as was noted in the church book of the Johanneskirche; there had been arguments with the pastor, as recorded in the pastor's wife's memoir. It may be assumed that he was annoyed by the unconventional life of the couple and therefore denied the burial of van Rossum in the church crypt. <mask> then ordered in 1876 to be buried there as well, in a simple oak coffin side by side with her partner. She appointed her son Prince Albert of Prussia as executor of her last will. <mask> survived van Rossum by ten years and died in the Schloss Reinhartshausen in Erbach on 29 May 1883, 20 days after her 73rd birthday; as was previously determined by her, she was buried next to her partner in the public cemetery of Erbach. Just as previously commissioned for her son's grave, a work made by the Dutch sculptor Johann Heinrich Stöver was made


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 for van Rossum's grave, a blessing statue of Christ made of Carrara marble, again based on a figure by the Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen. To this day it adorns the joint grave of <mask> and van Rossum in the Erbach cemetery.The base of the Christ statue with the inscriptions from the Gospel of John, the decorated grave border made of Lahn marble and the grave slab with inscription were made by Josef Leonhard (1833–1901), offspring of the renowned Nassau sculptor dynasty Leonhard from the marble metropolis of Villmar on the Lahn. He was apprenticed to the famous Wiesbaden sculptor Emil Hopfgarten and in 1856 he opened a studio in Eltville am Rhein, which still exists today. Johannes van Rossum is not mentioned on the grave slab of the joint grave with <mask>. It is not known whether he was buried anonymously or whether his grave slab had to give way to <mask>'s 10 years later. However, reference is made to <mask>'s marriage to Prince Albert of Prussia, from whom she had been divorced since 1849 and who was morganatically married to Rosalie von Rauch from 1853 until his death in 1872. The inscription on <mask>'s grave slab reads:

Hier ruht in Gott
in der Erwartung einer fröhlichen Auferstehung
Wilhelmine Friederike
Luise <mask>
von Nassau Oranien, Prinzessin der Niederlande
geb. zu Berlin am 9.Mai 1810
vermählt im Haag am 14. Septbr. 1830 mit
Friedrich Heinrich
Albrecht
Prinz von Preussen
gest. zu Reinhartshausen bei Erbach

Whose roughly translation in English is: Here in God rests in the expectation of a happy resurrection Wilhelmine Friederike Luise <mask> of Nassau Orange, Princess of the Netherlands, born in

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 Berlin on May 9, 1810, married in The Hague on September 14. 1830 with Friedrich Heinrich Albrecht Prince of Prussia died at Reinhartshausen near Erbach. A second grave slab on the base of the Christ statue mentions Elisabeth Mees, born Princess of Prussia and great-granddaughter of <mask>, who died in 1961 at the age of 42 and was buried there. Honors
In 1896 the river island in front of Schloss Reinhartshausen was renamed Mariannenaue in her honor on the initiative of the then owner of the island, <mask>'s son Prince Albert of Prussia (1837–1906).It is the largest Rhine island on the Middle Rhine between Erbach and Hattenheim. <mask>'s 200th birthday in 2010 was used by Schloss Reinhartshausen and the local evangelical parish Triangelis (Eltville, Erbach, Kiedrich) as an opportunity for festive events in which her life and work were honored. On the Reformation Day weekend in 2015, the Johanneskirche was reopened after 10 months of renovation work with a glamorous festival program of church services and concerts. At the same time, their 150th anniversary was celebrated and the founder was remembered. Adrian Diel, German doctor and founder of pomology, put a pear named Prinzessin <mask> after the young princess in 1818, probably on the wave of enthusiasm after the creation of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815 under the rule of the House of Orange-Nassau. Ancestry

References

Bibliography

  2nd edition; N° 3404. External links

 Royal House of the Netherlands

1810 births
1883 deaths
People from Berlin
House of Orange-Nassau
Princesses of Orange-Nassau
Prussian princesses
House of Hohenzollern
William I of the Netherlands
People from


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<mask> (born 31 July 1957) is a British media executive who is Chairman of the Board of Directors of Ancestry, the largest for-profit genealogy company in the world. He is the former president and chief executive officer of The New York Times Company. From 2004 to 2012, he served as Director-General of the BBC, and before that was the Chief Executive of Channel 4. In 2009 <mask> was ranked as the 65th most powerful person in the world by Forbes magazine. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2017. Early life
<mask> was born in London, England, and brought up in Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, by his mother, Sydney Corduff, his sister, Katherine, and father, <mask>. Sydney was Irish, the daughter of a County Donegal policeman.Duncan was an accountant from Preston who died when <mask> was twelve after suffering from chronic illness and depression. <mask> was educated by Jesuits at the independent school Stonyhurst College in Lancashire, and then went to Merton College, Oxford where he took a first in English. He edited the university magazine, Isis. Early career
<mask> first joined the BBC as a production trainee in 1979. His career at the corporation included a number of roles. In 1981 he assisted in the launch of the long-running consumer programme Watchdog. Two years later he was part of the team that created British television's first national breakfast television programme, Breakfast Time.In 1985 <mask> became the Output Editor of Newsnight and in 1988, at the age of 30, he was promoted to Editor of the Nine O'Clock News. In 1990 he became Editor of Panorama. He was made Head of Features in 1992 and Head of Factual Programmes in 1994. In 1996 <mask> succeeded Michael Jackson as Controller of BBC2. He commissioned series including The Cops, The Royle Family, Our Mutual Friend and The Fast Show. He left BBC Two in 1999 and was replaced by Jane Root, who became the channel's first female Controller. In 1999 <mask> was named Director, National and Regional Broadcasting at the

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Duncan John Thompson
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 BBC.He became the BBC Director of Television in 2000, but left the corporation in March 2002 to become Chief Executive of Channel 4. He succeeded Michael Jackson in the role, and left in 2004 to be succeeded by Andy Duncan. Director-General of the BBC

Appointment

<mask> was appointed Director-General of the BBC on 21 May 2004. He succeeded Greg Dyke, who resigned on 29 January 2004 in the aftermath of the Hutton Inquiry. Although he had originally stated he was not interested in the role of Director-General and would turn down any approach from the BBC, he changed his mind, saying the job was a "one-of-a-kind opportunity". The decision to appoint <mask> Director-General was made unanimously by the BBC Board of Governors, headed by the then new Chairman Michael Grade (another former chief executive of Channel 4). His appointment was widely praised: Culture Secretary Tessa Jowell, Shadow Culture Secretary Julie Kirkbride and Greg Dyke were amongst those who supported his selection.He took up the role of Director-General on 22 June 2004 (<mask> had been Acting Director-General since Dyke's resignation). On his first day he announced several management changes, including the replacement of the BBC's sixteen-person executive committee with a slimmed-down executive board of nine top managers. Editorial guideline breaches

In 2007 it emerged that the BBC had been involved in a number of editorial guideline breaches. <mask>, as BBC editor-in-chief, investigated the breaches, and presented his interim report to the BBC Trust on 18 July 2007. The Trust felt that the BBC's values of accuracy and honesty had been compromised, and <mask> outlined to the Trust the actions he would take to restore confidence. Later that day he told BBC staff, via an internal televised message, that deception of the public was never acceptable. He said that he, himself, had never deceived the public – it would never have occurred to him to do so, and that he was sure that the same applied to the "overwhelming majority" of BBC

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 staff.He also spoke on BBC News 24 and was interviewed by Gavin Esler for Newsnight. He stated that "from now on, if it [deceiving the public] happens we will show people the door." Staff were emailed on 19 July 2007 and later in the year all staff, including the Director-General, undertook a Safeguarding Trust course. Programme production criticism
In late 2007, <mask>'s directorship at the BBC was criticised. Sir Richard Eyre, former artistic director of the National Theatre, accused the BBC under <mask>'s leadership of failing to produce programmes "that inspired viewers to visit galleries, museums or theatres". He was also criticised by Tony Palmer, a multi-award-winning filmmaker. Of the BBC, Palmer stated that it "has a worldwide reputation which it has abrogated and that's shameful.In the end, the buck stops with <mask>. He is a catastrophe." The Russell Brand Show prank telephone calls row

In October 2008, <mask> had to cut short a family holiday to return to Britain to deal with the arrival of The Russell Brand Show prank telephone calls row. <mask> took the executive decision to suspend the BBC's highest paid presenter, Jonathan Ross, from all his BBC work for three months without pay. He also said it was the controversial star's last warning. Nevertheless, <mask> reiterated the BBC's commitment to Ross' style of "edgy comedy", claiming that "BBC audiences accept that, in comedy, performers attempt to push the line of taste". <mask> had previously defended the star's conduct and salary in 2006, when he described Ross as "outstanding" and claimed that "the very best people" deserved appropriately high salaries.In September 2010 <mask> acknowledged some of the BBC's previous political bias he had witnessed early in his career. He stated: "In the BBC I joined 30 years ago there was, in much of current affairs, in terms of people's personal politics, which were quite vocal, a massive bias to the left". He added: "the organisation did struggle then with impartiality". Jerry Springer: The

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Mark Thompson
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 Opera blasphemy allegations
He was criticised by religious groups in relation to the broadcast of Jerry Springer: The Opera, with a private prosecution brought against the BBC for blasphemy. Lord Pannick QC appeared and won the case. The High Court ruled that the cult musical was not blasphemous, and Pannick stated that Judge Tubbs had "acted within her powers and made the only decision she could lawfully have made; while religious beliefs were integral to British society, so is freedom of expression, especially to matters of social and moral importance." Accusations of pro-Israeli editorial stance
A number of commentators have suggested that <mask> has a pro-Israeli editorial stance, particularly since he supported the controversial decision by the BBC not to broadcast the DEC Gaza appeal in January 2009.Complaints to the BBC about the decision, numbering nearly 16,000, were directed to a statement by <mask>. In May 2011, <mask> ordered the lyrics 'free Palestine' in a rap on BBC Radio 1Xtra to be censored. During a meeting of the British Parliament's Culture and Media Committee in June 2012, <mask> also issued an apology for not devoting more coverage to the murders of an Israeli settler family in the West Bank, saying the "network got it wrong" – despite the fact that the incident occurred on the same day as the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. Tam Dean Burn wrote in The Herald: "I would argue that this bias has moved on apace since <mask> went to Israel in 2005 and signed a deal with prime minister Ariel Sharon on the BBC's coverage of the conflict." Nick Griffin Question Time appearance
In October 2009, <mask> defended the decision by the BBC to invite British National Party leader Nick Griffin to appear on the Question Time programme following criticism by Labour politicians including Home Secretary Alan Johnson and Secretary of State for Wales Peter Hain. The decision also led to protests outside BBC Television Centre by UAF campaigners. <mask> said: "It is a straightforward matter of

masks: Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson


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 fact that... the BNP has demonstrated a level of support which would normally lead to an occasional invitation to join the panel on Question Time.It is for that reason alone... that the invitation has been extended. The case against inviting the BNP to appear on Question Time is a case for censorship... Democratic societies sometimes do decide that some parties and organisations are beyond the pale. As a result, they proscribe them and/or ban them from the airwaves. My point is simply that the drastic steps of proscription and censorship can only be taken by government and parliament... It is unreasonable and inconsistent to take the position that a party like the BNP is acceptable enough for the public to vote for, but not acceptable enough to appear on democratic platforms like Question Time. If there is a case for censorship, it should be debated and decided in parliament. Political censorship cannot be outsourced to the BBC or anyone else."Earning controversy
In 2010, <mask> was identified as the highest paid employee of any public sector organisation in the UK, earning between £800,000 and £900,000 per year. In January 2010, <mask> was criticised over his apparent £834,000 salary by BBC presenter Stephen Sackur, who told him "there are huge numbers of people in the organisation who think your salary is plain wrong and corrosive." Formula One broadcast rights
<mask> was Director-General of the BBC when on 29 July 2011 it was announced that the corporation would no longer televise all Formula One Grand Prix live, instead agreeing to split the broadcast between the BBC and Sky Sports. This prompted an outcry from several thousand fans and a motion on the UK Government e-petition site. On 2 September 2011, <mask> and several "senior BBC figures" were called upon by the House of Commons to answer questions over the exact nature of the broadcast arrangement. Jimmy Savile
Though <mask> departed the BBC before public exposure of the Jimmy Savile sexual abuse scandal and is not noted in the BBC

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 chronology of the unfolding coverage, <mask> faced questions about his role in the events around Savile's actions and BBC coverage of them. Per a New York Times review, <mask> denied knowing of a BBC Newsnight program on accusations against Savile before the programme was dropped soon after Savile's death in October 2011.Legacy at the BBC
<mask> left the BBC in September 2012 after thirty years working at the corporation. The Independent said the BBC was in "apparent great shape" with his departure and the BBC Trust's chairman, Chris Patten, described his directorship as "outstanding". Fertility expert and presenter Robert Winston criticised <mask>'s leadership. President and CEO of The New York Times Company

On 14 August 2012, <mask> was named CEO of The New York Times Company, effective 12 November 2012. He was brought on to accelerate the company's digital transition and extend its global reach, and in this role he directs strategy and oversees business operations. <mask> invested heavily in the Times' digital products, and has attributed increased autonomy for the digital product teams as "the single biggest reason" for the news outlet's success. In 2013, he hired Meredith Kopit Levien as chief revenue officer and promoted her to chief operating officer in 2017.<mask> has been critical of Google and Facebook. He has said the Times seeks to be a destination and not reliant on the platforms, and hopes to "more reliably turn engagement into a regular revenue stream". In 2018, he gave a speech at the Open Markets Institute in Washington, D.C., in which he described Facebook's policy of labeling political news as ads as "a threat to democracy". According to a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission, <mask>'s total compensation in 2019 was $6.1 million, including salary and stock awards. In 2015, he pledged to transform the Times into an "international institution", the same way "we once successfully turned a metro paper into a national one". The Times now has more international

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 digital subscribers than it had total digital subscribers when <mask> took over as CEO. Under <mask>'s leadership, The New York Times became the first news organization in the world to pass the one million digital-only subscription mark.As of May 2020, the company surpassed 5 million digital-only subscriptions, and 6 million total subscriptions, accounting for nearly sixty percent of the company's revenue. In 2015, <mask> set the goal of doubling the company's digital revenue by 2020. The goal was met ahead of schedule in 2019. The company's new goal is to have 10 million subscriptions by 2025. He has also predicted that the print paper will last for at least 15 more years. In July 2020, he was replaced by Meredith Kopit Levien as CEO and president of the New York Times Company. Chairman of Ancestry

In January 2021 <mask> was appointed as Chairman of the Board of Directors of Ancestry.Enough Said
In 2016, <mask> published Enough Said: What's Gone Wrong with the Language of Politics? in which he condemns political discourse that is "just a fight to the political death, a fight in which every linguistic weapon is fair game" and is critical of the rejection of science and expertise, writing that this has disastrous policymaking consequences. <mask> also criticised false balance in news reporting. The book was favorably reviewed by Andrew Rawnsley, who called it an "important study" that "identifies many culprits for the destructiveness of political debate." John Lloyd, writing in the Financial Times, praised the work as reflective and an "intricately but also urgently argued book." The Washington Post said the book shows that <mask> "believes devoutly in the importance ... of intelligent and productive public discussion". Personal life

<mask> is a Roman Catholic, and was educated at the English Jesuit public school, Stonyhurst College, from 1970 to 1975.In 2010, The Tablet named him as one of Britain's most influential Roman Catholics. <mask> lives in the United States with his wife Jane

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 Blumberg (daughter of Baruch Samuel Blumberg) whom he married in 1987. They have two sons and one daughter. He is a member of the Reform Club and a patron of the Art Room charity in Oxford. In 2002 he joined the board of trustees of Media Trust, the UK's leading communications charity. <mask> has served on the board of directors for The New York Times Company and the Royal Shakespeare Company. In September 2021 it was announced that <mask> would co-chair - with Filipino journalist and editor Maria Ressa - the International Fund for Public Interest Media.In 2011, <mask> was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by Edge Hill University,  and 2015, he was awarded a Honorary Doctor of Letters from Sacred Heart University. In 2012, <mask> served as the first Humanitas Visiting Professor in Rhetoric and the Art of Public Persuasion at the University of Oxford. See also

 New Yorkers in journalism

References
Specific citations:

Other references:

 Channel 4 boss lands BBC top job (BBC)
 New BBC boss announces shake-up (BBC)
 <mask> "to transform BBC" (BBC)
 Will <mask> be toast over the day he bit a BBC colleague? (Guardian)
 BBC boss sank teeth into his newsroom colleague (Telegraph)
 Biting comment over job cuts at the BBC (Times)
 Thompson welcomes strike suspension (BBC)
 BBC Resources sell-off delayed (Press Gazette)
 <mask> sells BBC Broadcast – which becomes Red Bee Media (BBC)
 Thompson flogs Books – to Random House (BBC)
 BBC changes mark a digital future (BBC)
 Creative Future and Looney Tunes (Guardian)
 Media Trust

External links
 About the BBC: <mask> (BBC biography – includes salary and expenses data)
 <mask>'s blog (BBC)

1957 births
Living people
Businesspeople from London
People educated at Stonyhurst College
Alumni of Merton College, Oxford
People from Welwyn Garden City
British Roman Catholics
BBC Two controllers
BBC executives
British television executives
The New York Times corporate staff
British Christians
Channel 4 people
Members of the American Philosophical Society
Fellows of

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<mask> (April 12, 1874 – August 21, 1956) was an officer in the United States Army who served as Adjutant General from 1935 to 1938. Early life
<mask> was born 12 April 1874 in Fairland, Montgomery County, Maryland, United States of America. Son of Charles William and Martha E. (Larrick<mask>, who owned a family farm called Green Ridge. <mask> was apparently named for an uncle born in 1840, who was a member of the 2d Maryland (Confederate Army) who died during the American Civil War. After graduating from Episcopal High School, in Alexandria, Virginia, <mask> attended Lehigh University for a semester and then entered Braden's preparatory school in Highland Falls. He was admitted to the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York 15 June 1893. In 1905 <mask> married Claire M<mask>, who was born in Ontario Canada, but became a naturalized citizen around 1900.The couple met when <mask> was assigned to Fort Niagara, New York, and the marriage produced three children. Military career

Early Years

<mask> <mask> successfully completed his studies at West Point, where he earned the lifetime nickname of "Sheriff" for mediating a fight between cadets, and did well both academically and in extracurricular activities. <mask> graduated and was commissioned a 2nd Lieutenant of Infantry on 11 June 1887. After a brief stint with the US 15th Infantry in the New Mexico Territory, newly promoted 1st Lieutenant <mask> was assigned to Company G, 21st Infantry on 1 February 1898. The 21st Infantry was deployed for service in the Spanish-American War, landing on Cuba with the Fifth Army Corps in late June 1898. On 1 July 1898, the 21st Infantry took part in the assault on San Juan Hill outside Santiago, Cuba. Lieutenant <mask> was cited for gallantry in the battle, making him eligible to wear the Silver Star Medal when it was approved in 1932.Soon thereafter, the 21st Infantry was shipped to the Philippines to reinforce the American Army dealing with the growing Philippine Insurrection. There, <mask> took part in many operations around

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Edgar Thomas Conley
) Conley
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 Manila and outlying districts, earning commendation from the senior leaders for his skill in the field. Captain <mask> remained with the 21st Infantry as it returned to the United States, before serving at Fort Niagara, and back in the Philippines. For a period of time, Captain <mask> was assigned as the Professor of Military Science and Tactics (PMS&T) at the Maryland Agriculture College (today part of the University of Maryland). World War I Era Service
After the American declaration of war and entry into World War I, Major <mask>, along with most prewar Regular Army officers) received temporary promotions in the National Army (forerunner of the modern United States Army Reserve). <mask> was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel (National Army) on 5 August 1917, followed by orders to The Adjutant General's Office at the War Department in Washington, D.C., on 20 August 1917. <mask> was promoted to Colonel (National Army) on 6 February 1918.<mask> transferred to the Office of the Chief of Staff in April 1918, were he remained until sailing for France in September 1918. While in France, <mask> completed the Command and Staff College Course at Langres, France before joining the American Expeditionary Force's office of the Provost Marshal in January 1919. There <mask> worked as the Chief of the prisoners of war division for the AEF, for which he received a letter of commendation from the Provost Marshal General. Colonel <mask> departed France on 2 December 1919, and returned to the United States. Postwar Service
Colonel <mask> seems to have returned to work at the Adjutant General's office, although he was not officially transferred to the Adjutant General's Department until 1 May 1922. In the interim, <mask> was honorably discharged from the National Army on 30 June 1920, and recommissioned as a Colonel in the Regular Army on 1 July 1920. During the same time period, Colonel <mask> was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal on 21 November 1921:

<mask><mask>, colonel, Infantry, United States Army.For exceptionally meritorious and

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 distinguished services as the Chief of the Prisoners of War Division, the Provost Marshal General's Department. He had charge of and was responsible for all matters concerning the prisoners of war labor companies, escort companies, and inclosures (sic). His sound judgment, marked ability, and devotion to duty resulted in the handling of the delicate prisoner of war questions in such a manner as to produce only commendation. His services were especially valuable to the Government. Address: Care of The Adjutant General of the Army, Washington D.C. Entered Military Academy from Maryland. Colonel <mask> remained at the War Department through the remainder of the 1920s and early 1930s.On 1 June 1933, <mask> was appointed as assistant to the adjutant general with a concurrent promotion to brigadier general. On 1 November 1935 <mask> was promoted to major general and appointed as The Adjutant General of the Army. Major General <mask> retired on 30 April 1938 to due to mandatory age. Personal life
Of <mask>'s children, <mask><mask> Jr. followed his father to West Point and was commissioned into the U.S. Army. Lieutenant Colonel <mask><mask> Jr. commanded a tank battalion from the D-Day landings to the end of the war in the European Theater of World War II. In 1927, <mask> inherited the family farm "Green Ridge" near Fairland, Maryland. <mask> lived there when assigned to duty in the region, and spent his off-duty time in tending the farm.After his retirement, <mask> retired to Green Ridge, and devoted his time to farming, family and volunteering at his local church. General <mask> died at home on 20 August 1956. See also

 List of Adjutant Generals of the U.S. Army

References

Sources

1874 births
1956 deaths
Adjutants general of the United States Army
American military personnel of the Philippine–American War
United States Army personnel of World War I
American people of the Spanish–American War
People from Montgomery County, Maryland
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
United States Military Academy

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<mask>,  (April 19, 1948 – February 15, 2017) was a Canadian radio broadcaster, humorist, monologist, and author, best known as the host of the CBC Radio program The Vinyl Cafe. Often described as a "story-telling comic" although his stories addressed both humorous and serious themes, he was known for fiction and non-fiction work which celebrated the decency and dignity of ordinary people, through stories which often highlighted the ability of their subjects, whether real or fictional, to persevere with grace and humour through embarrassing or challenging situations. Personal life
<mask> was born in Montreal West, the eldest of three children to Australian immigrant parents <mask> and Margaret Godkin. <mask> became interested in radio programming as a child, when his father bought him a Motorola radio to occupy his time while recovering from sickness. This fascination with radio stayed with <mask> throughout his adult life as he pursued a career in media and journalism. <mask> was educated at Lower Canada College and Bishop's College School in Quebec. He admitted to feeling like an outsider to the other students at the private school, feeling neither athletic enough nor smart enough to fit in.<mask> graduated from Sir George Williams University with a B.A. degree in 1971. Following his graduation, he worked in student services for Dawson College, and as campaign manager for Nick Auf der Maur in his first Montreal City Council election. <mask> married Linda Read, a potter, in 1982. They had two children together, Robert and Andrew, and <mask> was stepfather to Read's son, Christopher Trowbridge, from her first marriage. <mask> and Read later divorced in 2002. He was also a sponsor of the YMCA's Camp Kanawana, establishing a charitable fund to provide financial support for underprivileged youth to attend the camp, and served as honorary colonel of the Canadian Armed Forces' 8 Air Maintenance Squadron at CFB

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Andrew Stuart McLean
McLean
Andrew McLean
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 Trenton.Media career

Early work
<mask> first joined CBC Radio as a researcher for Cross Country Checkup in 1974, later becoming a documentarian for the radio program Sunday Morning. He won an ACTRA Award in 1979 for "Operation White Knight", his Sunday Morning documentary about the Jonestown Massacre. From 1981 until 1984 he was the show's executive producer. <mask> was a professor of journalism at Ryerson University from 1984 until 2004, when he retired and became a professor emeritus. When he died in 2017, former students of <mask> recalled how he concerned himself with their success in the journalism industry. CTV reporter Scott Lightfoot remarked, "I went to university twice, I took a lot of courses, I never had another professor offer to make phone calls on my behalf." During the 1980s and 1990s, he was a frequent contributor to and sometime guest host of Morningside, for which he often produced human interest documentaries and audio essays about everyday people and places.He would later characterize his Morningside work as celebrating "the importance of being unimportant", and as ultimately helping him find his own voice as a writer. Morningside host Peter Gzowski remembered fondly the work <mask> did for the program: ”On the surface, they seemed inconsequential, but in fact they were exquisitely crafted pieces of journalism.”

<mask> eventually compiled a selection of his work for Morningside in his first book, The Morningside World of <mask>. The book was a Canadian bestseller and a finalist for the 1990 Toronto Book Awards. Following the success of his first book, <mask> was approached by Penguin Books to write a travel memoir about life in small-town Canada. Released in 1992, Welcome Home: Travels in Smalltown Canada featured stories from seven small communities, and won the Canadian Authors Association for best non-fiction book in 1993. <mask> often reported for CBC news programs The Journal and The

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 National, where he focused on human interest stories, talking to "regular people" and delving into their often funny or poignant experiences. These segments about everyday people helped to inspire The Vinyl Cafe, which in the same vein looked at the lives of average Canadians.The Vinyl Cafe

In 1994, <mask> launched The Vinyl Cafe as a summer series featuring stories about a fictional second-hand record store. Although the early stories focused on a diverse group of characters loosely linked through the titular Vinyl Cafe record store, by the time the series became a permanent one the stories were focused more squarely on the store's proprietor, Dave, and his family and friends. Following the show's second summer run in 1995, <mask> published Stories from the Vinyl Cafe, his first book in that series. The show joined CBC's permanent regular-season schedule in 1997. Beginning in 1998, <mask> took The Vinyl Cafe on the road to theatres across Canada and the United States. Some stories would be repeated at multiple shows—in particular, an early story about Dave's awkward attempt to cook a turkey for Christmas dinner became one of the most famous and most frequently performed stories of <mask>'s career—but <mask> would often perform slightly different versions of the stories to keep his audiences engaged. One episode of The Vinyl Cafe each year was also dedicated to the "Arthur Awards", <mask>'s own awards program to honour acts of kindness and community engagement by ordinary Canadians that might otherwise "go unheralded and even unnoticed".The Vinyl Cafe was broadcast every weekend on CBC Radio, and later as a weekly podcast. <mask>'s books of stories from The Vinyl Cafe won the Stephen Leacock Memorial Medal for Humour three times. Several albums of his performances of Vinyl Cafe stories were also released. In the 2010s a spinoff edition, Vinyl Café Stories, aired on CBC Radio in a weekday afternoon time-slot,

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 featuring two previously broadcast stories on interrelated themes. Cancer treatment and death
Following <mask>'s diagnosis with melanoma in November 2015, The Vinyl Cafe stopped touring and producing episodes. <mask> announced on December 13, 2016, that he required a second round of treatment, meaning further delay in producing episodes, and that repeats of past shows would stop airing on CBC Radio One effective January 2017 to "make room for others to share their work on the radio." <mask> died of cancer on February 15, 2017 in Toronto, aged 68.His archive was donated to McMaster University. One day after his death in February 2017, a tribute special hosted by Michael Enright under the title Canada's Storyteller: A Tribute to <mask>, aired on CBC Radio; it was repeated the following Sunday in The Vinyl Cafe's former timeslot. CBC Radio's documentary series The Doc Project produced a special episode after <mask>'s death, re-airing his 1979 Sunday Morning documentary "The New Goldrush",  while Cross Country Checkup devoted a tribute episode to its own version of the Arthur Awards, asking callers to share stories of acts of kindness that had made a difference in their lives. In April 2018, Cross Country Checkup devoted a second episode to the question "Who would you nominate for <mask>'s Arthur Awards?" See also
List of Dave and Morley stories
List of Bishop's College School alumni

References

External links
<mask> profile at cbc.ca

1948 births
2017 deaths
Canadian people of Australian descent
Writers from Montreal
Anglophone Quebec people
CBC Radio hosts
Officers of the Order of Canada
Stephen Leacock Award winners
Sir George Williams University alumni
Ryerson University faculty
Canadian male short story writers
Bishop's College School alumni
20th-century Canadian short story writers
21st-century Canadian short story writers
Canadian storytellers
Deaths from melanoma
20th-century Canadian male writers
21st-century

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<mask> (24 October 1794 – 10 September 1871) was a 19th-century English publisher born into a publishing family. He started a firm with his brother in 1819. Ten years later, he went into partnership with the publisher Henry Colburn. Although the business was often successful, publishing the famous "Standard Novels" series, they ended their partnership in acrimony three years later. <mask> continued alone profitably in the 1830s and early 1840s, establishing the well-known periodical Bentley's Miscellany. However, the periodical went into decline after its editor, Charles Dickens, left. <mask>'s business started to falter after 1843 and he sold many of his copyrights.Only 15 years later did it begin to recover. Early life
<mask> came from a publishing family that stretched back three generations. His father, <mask>, and his uncle, John Nichols, published the General Evening Post, and Nichols also published the Gentleman's Magazine. <mask> was born in Fetter Lane, Fleet St, in London in 1794. He attended St Paul's School. <mask> and his brother, Samuel (1785–1868), both trained in publishing and in 1819 established their own firm in Dorset Street. (The Library of Congress identifies publisher name "S. and R.  <mask>", variant "S. & R. Bentley", LCCN: nr2002-014818.That is the first of four Bentley publisher names formally identified. See the footer.) The Bentley firm, according to the Dictionary of National Biography entry on <mask>, "became arguably the finest printers in London". They were the first to prominently feature wood-engraved illustrations. In 1823, <mask> married Charlotte Botten (1800–1871), daughter of Thomas Botten by his wife, Kezia

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 Francis. They had nine children, one of whom, their eldest surviving son, <mask> (1828–1895), joined his father in the printing business. "Henry Colburn and <mask>"
On 3 June 1829, <mask> signed a partnership agreement with Henry Colburn.Colburn was in financial trouble and owed the Bentleys money. Rather than see him default, the two firms agreed to merge, with the agreement favouring Colburn. Over the course of a trial three-year period, <mask> was obliged to invest £2,500, find new manuscripts to publish, and act as bookkeeper. He would, in return, receive two-fifths of the profits. Colburn, on the other hand, provided three-fifths of the capital and received three-fifths of the profits. The two would make publishing decisions together. If the partnership failed before three years had passed, <mask> would be obliged to buy out Colburn for £10,000, with Colburn agreeing to publish only what he had published before the agreement.The new firm, Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, which lasted a little over three years, was located at 8 New Burlington Street. The firm was generally successful, primarily because they "catered to public taste". They fed the market for silver fork novels, including Benjamin Disraeli's The Young Duke (1831) and works by Catherine Gore. Furthermore, almost all their novels were three-deckers, the length preferred by circulating libraries. Another element behind their success was their advertising, on which they spent £27,000 in the three years of the firm's existence. Not all of their ventures were successful, however. Among the notable failures were three series aimed at the increasing mass audiences: the National

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 Library of General Knowledge, the Juvenile Library, and the Library of Modern Travels and Discoveries.Almost half the 55,750 copies of the National Library had to be sold as remainders, at a loss of almost five shillings per volume. The Juvenile Library lost the firm £900 and only three volumes were published. The Travels and Discoveries series was never published. The firm also rejected the manuscript of Sartor Resartus, by the then unknown Thomas Carlyle. Standard Novels series
In February 1831 the firm also began publishing one-volume versions of novels that had previously been available only in three-decker form. They published novels whose copyright they owned and bought up the copyright to other novels. Colburn and Bentley's "Standard Novels series" became "a landmark in nineteenth-century publishing".Because each volume was only six shillings instead of a guinea and a half (i.e. 31s 6d), novels were suddenly available to a much wider audience than previously. Furthermore, the firm owned the copyright to the novels, making the profits of the enterprise entirely theirs. James Fenimore Cooper's The Pilot was the first novel in the series. The two publishers solicited revisions from living authors, sometimes forcing them to shorten their works so that they would fit into a single volume. Colburn and Bentley published the first 19 volumes together. The series would eventually be published over 24 years and include 126 volumes.These included "the first inexpensive reprints of Jane Austen's fiction" and many American titles. The series was extraordinarily successful. In its first year, it made the firm £1,160. End of partnership
By 1831, the


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 partnership between <mask> and Colburn was fraying. The cost of buying copyrights was mounting and the firm was in financial chaos. By early 1832, <mask> and Colburn were no longer speaking to each other and their dispute had to be mediated by lawyers and clerks. On 1 September 1832, <mask> and Colburn signed a settlement in which <mask> agreed to buy the firm for £1,500, keep the office on New Burlington Street, and rename the business "<mask> Bentley".He paid Colburn £5,580 for materials and copyrights owned by the firm, including the Standard Novels series. Colburn agreed to a series of restrictions on his publications, an agreement which he violated almost immediately. The partnership was officially dissolved with effect from 31 August 1832. "<mask>"
<mask> and Colburn became bitter rivals in the years that followed the dissolution of their partnership, publishing similar series and trying to undersell each other. In 1833, <mask> was appointed Publisher in Ordinary to the king, but it brought him no business. <mask> had several successes early in his solo enterprise. For example, he bought the copyright to Edward Bulwer-Lytton's The Last Days of Pompeii (1834), which sold well for over 20 years.He also published William Harrison Ainsworth's Rookwood in 1834, which was a best-seller and released in two further editions. <mask> published the works of well-known authors such as Leigh Hunt, William Hazlitt, Maria Edgeworth and Frances Trollope, and was the English publisher of Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tales. <mask>'s firm gained a "reputation for quality". He often published the same work in several formats. For example, Ainsworth's Jack

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 Sheppard was serialised in <mask>'s Miscellany from January 1839 to February 1840, published as a three-decker book in October 1839, and reprinted in one volume and as a serialisation in 1840. <mask> also published important Continental writers, including Alphonse de Lamartine, Chateaubriand, Louis-Adolphe Thiers, François Guizot, Leopold von Ranke and Theodor Mommsen. <mask> hosted dinners at his home during the 1830s and 1840s, at which important writers and critics gathered.<mask>'s Miscellany

In October 1836, <mask> entered the periodical market. He founded Bentley's Miscellany, which first appeared in January 1837, and selected Charles Dickens, known at the time for his Pickwick Papers, as editor. Dickens also agreed to contribute a serialised novel to the periodical and to sell two novels to <mask>. The periodical was "an immediate success" – 11,000 copies were sold in 1837 – largely as a result of the serialisation of Dickens's Oliver Twist, illustrated by George Cruikshank. Dickens became increasingly frustrated at the initial terms of his contract, which he felt paid him too little. He eventually negotiated an increase to his editorial salary from £40 per month (£20 to edit and 20 guineas to write an article) to £1,000 per year, including additional payments for his novels. The two renegotiated the contract nine times.As Wallins explains, "Through nearly four years of negotiations <mask> remained calm in public; privately, he railed against Dickens's constant complaints but then backed down, delayed deadlines, and provided his author with more money as it was demanded. <mask> recognized that an unhappy author was an unproductive author."

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 In the end, Dickens paid <mask> £2,250 to buy out the rest of his contract and to purchase the copyright to Oliver Twist. Financial trouble
Ainsworth succeeded Dickens as editor. Under his guidance, the circulation of the periodical "decreased dramatically" and costs increased. Among the contributors during this period was the novelist and traveller Isabella Frances Romer. The quality of the novels declined and the number of reviews rose.During the 1840s and 1850s, <mask> used the periodical primarily to puff his own publications. American literature was highlighted, including Edgar Allan Poe's "The Fall of the House of Usher" (1840). Around 1843, the book trade fell off significantly in England. For the next 20 years, <mask> struggled to keep his firm afloat amidst increasing competition, legal problems, and poor business choices. For example, he started a sixpenny newspaper, Young England, that ended after fourteen issues. Other firms introduced series similar to the Standard Novels series, but cheaper. Bentley tried to compete by publishing two new, cheap series – Bentley's Shilling Series and the Parlour Bookcase – but these were not very successful.Neither had over 25 volumes whereas the competition had almost 300. In 1853, <mask> tried to reduce the price of some of his books to increase the number sold, but this tactic failed. <mask> finally resorted to selling copyrights and large numbers of remaindered books to pay his debts. In 1853, as the economy worsened as a result of the Crimean War, he was forced to sell Bentley's Miscellany to its editor, Ainsworth. By 1855, <mask>'s finances were in such dire straits that his firm was in danger

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 of failing. In 1857 <mask> auctioned off copyrights, plates, steel etchings and remainders to pay debts. Changes in copyright law also affected <mask>'s firm.Decades earlier, he had bought the English copyright for many American novels and made steady profits from the publication of these works. However, in 1849, all rights to foreign copyrights were extinguished, and other firms began to publish cheap editions of the works <mask> had paid to publish. In 1851, the Lords' decision was reversed, but by then <mask> had lost approximately £17,000. <mask> joined his father's firm in 1845, but he did not become an active partner until the 1850s. Recovery
As the firm became financially stable again, <mask> began more projects. In 1859, <mask> attempted to establish Bentley's Quarterly Review as a competitor to the Edinburgh Review and the Quarterly Review. As editors, he signed on John Douglas Cook, William Scott and Robert Cecil.The first issue appeared in February, but it did not sell well, despite being well received by critics. Only four issues were published. Patten describes <mask> as "slow and imitative of other publishers", with "a strong bourgeois streak that prompted him to stand upon his proprietorial and editorial dignity, even when he lost contributors through his stubbornness", and describes his launch of the review as an "overreaching" that is typical of him. The firm slowly became successful again. From June 1859 to May 1860, Bentley published a series of "Tales from Bentley" that reprinted stories from <mask>'s Miscellany, which was a success. The publication of Ellen Wood's East Lynne (1861), which sold out four editions in six months,

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 helped dramatically. After 20 years, the book had sold 110,250 copies.In January 1866 <mask> purchased Temple Bar Magazine; his son, George, became the editor, a position which he held until 1895. Two years later, Ainsworth ran into financial trouble with Bentley's Miscellany and the Bentleys bought it back for £250. They merged it with Temple Bar, bringing together what Wallins calls "perhaps the finest roster of contributors to any periodical at the time", which included Anthony Trollope, Wilkie Collins, Arthur Conan Doyle, George Gissing and Robert Louis Stevenson. Decline and death
In 1867, <mask> experienced a "severe accident" at Chepstow railway station that left him "shaken and enfeebled" (he broke his leg after falling from the platform at the railway station). George took over the day-to-day business of the firm. <mask> died on 10 September 1871 at Ramsgate, at which time his firm was renamed "Richard Bentley and Son". <mask> was also named one of the executors of <mask>'s will, along with two of his other children, <mask> and Anne Kezia <mask>.<mask> was buried in the family vault in West Norwood Cemetery, London, on 18 September 1871. According to the Dictionary of National Biography, "<mask>'s major contributions to nineteenth-century publishing are the Standard Novels — freshly revised texts of major contemporary authors made affordable for the middle class; <mask>'s Miscellany and Temple Bar; the quality of his author list and of his book manufacture; his introduction of high-calibre international writers to British readers; and his founding of a family publishing firm that lasted through two further generations."

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 References

Further reading

Patten, Robert L. "<mask> (1794–1871)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. 2004. Retrieved 2 February 2010.( for online access)
Wallins, Roger P.. "<mask>, Henry Colburn and <mask>, Henry Colburn, Henry Colburn and Company, Richard Bentley and Son." British Literary Publishing Houses, 1820–1880. Eds. Patricia Anderson and Jonathan Rose. Dictionary of Literary Biography Vol. 106. Detroit: Gale Research, 1991.39–52. <mask>, <mask>. "Some Leaves from the Past" Privately Published 1896. Sadleir, Michael. <mask>'s Standard Novel Series: Its History and Achievement. Edinburgh, The Colophon, 1932. Gettmann, Royal A., A Victorian Publisher: A Study of the Bentley Papers, Cambridge: University Press, 1960.<mask>, Victorian Publisher Extraordinaire, tavbooks.com, 1 July 2014. Ingram, Alison, comp., Index to the archives of Richard Bentley & Son, 1829-1898, Cambridge, England: Chadwyck-Healey; Teaneck, N.J.: Somerset House, 1977. External links

 Publishing company names formally identified at LC Authorities: S. and R. <mask>; Henry Colburn and <mask>; <mask>; Richard Bentley and Son

1794 births
1871 deaths
English printers
Publishers (people) from London
Burials at West Norwood Cemetery
19th-century English

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<mask> ARCM PG, GSMD, FRCM, (b. 3 September 1947)  is an English professor of flute of the Royal College of Music, classical performer, recording artiste, composer, author and entrepreneur. Biography

<mask> was born in London, the daughter of civil servants. Between 1958 and 1963, she became a Junior Exhibitioner at the Royal College of Music. During 1960 to 1966, she was a member of the London Schools Symphony Orchestra. From 1963 to 1967, she was a scholar of the Royal College of Music, graduating with honours, where she became a professor of Flute in 1984. From 1966 to 1972, she attended Marcel Moyse master classes in Boswil.In 1967, she was awarded a Countess of Munster Scholarship to study as a Post Graduate under Geoffrey Gilbert at the Guildhall School of Music. After graduation in 1968, she was invited to become Principal Flute of the Bournemouth Sinfonietta. In 1974, she made musical history by being appointed the first woman principal and member of the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra where she remained for eight years. Since then she has sustained a multi-dimensional career as an orchestral guest principal, chamber musician, soloist, recording artiste, composer, author, teacher, lecturer and entrepreneur. In 2001, she was appointed Artistic Director of Woodwind for the Evergreen Orchestra, Taiwan. In 2007, she was appointed Adjunct Professor

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 of Music at Henan University, China, and founded the British Isles Music Festival in Charterhouse School for outstanding young musicians. Activities

In 1979, Milan released her first solo recording on the ASV label.This was followed in 1981 by a second solo recording on the Hyperion label, and contracts with Chandos (1990) and Upbeat (1990). 1997 saw the issue of the Master Classics Archive Series of historic flute recordings featuring Milan. Described as the "Queen of the Flute" by journalist Huang Hua, Milan has recorded concertos, duos and chamber music recitals for the Hyperion, Da Capo, Omega, Cala, Metier and ASV labels. She has further recorded more than a dozen recordings of concertos and recitals for the Chandos label including three collections of French repertoire. She has also made recital recordings of French Impressionist composers (Saint-Saëns, Debussy, Lili Boulanger, Ibert, Dutilleux, Poulenc and Feld) for Upbeat Records and Master Classics. Her most recent recording of contemporary British works for flute and piano, with the pianist Andrew Ball, was released on the Metier label in 2008. She has also recorded the Schmidt Concerto by Ole Schmidt with Schmidt conducting, for the Da Capo label.In 2010, she began recording the Simpson Concerto for Hyperion. Recent commissions have included a concerto from the American composer Keith


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 Gates, "Oiseau Soleil" for flute and piano by the French composer Jean Sichler, "The Moon Dances" by the British composer Cecilia McDowall, "Sonata" by British composer Brian Lock and "Octagon" by British composer Ian Finney. Her accompanist, pianist Ian Brown has worked with Schering, Rostropovich, Galway and other famous classical musicians. Performances
In the UK, Milan has performed as a Principal Flute and soloist with all the major orchestras including the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, London Philharmonic Orchestra, London Symphony Orchestra, Academy of St. Martin in the Fields, English Chamber Orchestra, City of London Sinfonia, English String Orchestra, Scottish Chamber Orchestra, BBC Scottish Orchestra, BBC Philharmonic Orchestra, BBC Welsh Orchestra, Philomusica of London, New London Orchestra and Haydn Festival Orchestra. In her a career as an orchestral guest principal, chamber musician, soloist, teacher and lecturer, she has often featured on the BBC. She has given numerous UK and world premieres, touring frequently throughout Europe, US, Australia and the Far East. Repertoire

Milan performs repertoire from the Baroque, classical, romantic, impressionist, and contemporary periods.As well as a wide repertoire of recital and chamber music, she performs solo works by J. S. Bach, Hofmann, Khatchaturian, Mozart, Saint-Saëns and Vivaldi,


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 with orchestra, as well as works by C. P. E. Bach, Carl Nielsen, Ibert, Jolivet, Reinecke, Stamitz and Telemann. Ensembles

In the chamber music field, she formed The London Chamber Music Group (featuring flute, oboe, violin, viola, cello, piano and harp). With members of the group, she recorded the chamber music of Eugene Goossens for the Chandos label. She has also performed with The Debussy Ensemble, Weber Ensemble and Milan-Ball Duo. <mask> formed the Milan Trio, with her second son, cellist Christopher Jepson, and the pianist Andrew Ball, and performs with the Instrumental Quintet of London, for flute, string trio and harp, with Nicholas ward, Matthew Jones, Sebastian Somberti and Ieuan Jones. Accomplishments

In 1992, Milan researched and published 19th century repertoire for Boosey & Hawkes. Several technical books followed including two technical scale books in 2000, and a handbook of programme notes, for flute performers in 2006.She is presently restoring a collection of historic [78"] recordings of flautists from 1910 to 1945, to be issued on the Master Classics label. In 1960, she was presented with the Royal College of Music's Evekisch Prize by Sir Malcolm Sargent. In recognition of her achievements, she was elected President of the British Flute Society in 1990 until 1995. She was awarded a Fellowship of the Royal College in November


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 1999 which was presented to her by HRH Prince Charles. <mask> is listed in the New Grove Dictionary of Music and Who's Who in Music, and is a Patron of GAMPA, BASBWE and the Association of Woodwind Teachers. Recordings
Featuring <mask>
"Recital" – Prokofiev; Dutilleux; Saint-Saëns; Ibert; Bozza; <mask> & Clifford Benson. Master Classics, 1982."Suite For Flute and Strings in A Minor, Concerto for Flute, Violin, Cello and Strings in A Minor" – Georg Philipp Telemann; <mask> with Camerata of St Andrew, Directed by Leonard Friedman. Omega, 1987. "Concertos in D Major and G Major, Andante in C, Rondo in C" – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart; <mask> with English Chamber Orchestra, Conductor: Raymond Leppard. Chandos, 1988. “Flute Fantaisie” (French Concours Pieces) – Faure, Grovlez, Ganne, Busser, Gaubert; <mask> & Ian Brown. Chandos, 1988. “Major Works for Flute and Piano” – Schubert, Martinu, Reinecke; <mask> & Ian Brown.Chandos, 1990. “La Flute Enchantee” (French Concertos & Solos) – Ibert, Martin, Jolivet, Godard, Chaminade, Saint-Saëns; City Of London Sinfonia, Conductor: Richard Hickox. Chandos, 1990. “Complete Works For Flute and Piano Of Philippe Gaubert” – Philippe Gaubert; <mask> & Ian Brown. Chandos, 1991. “Quartets For Flute and Strings” – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart; <mask> with The Chilingirian Quartet. Chandos, 1991.“Mozart Flute and Harp Concerto”,

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 “Salieri Flute And Oboe Concerto” – Mozart, Salieri; City Of London Sinfonia, Conductor: Richard Hickox Chandos, 1992. “Beethoven Serenade and Trio” – Beethoven; Members of the Chilingirian String Quartet. Chandos, 1992. “Tarantella” – Saint-Saëns; London Philharmonic Orchestra, Conductor: Geoffrey Simon. Carla, 1993. “Concerto ‘Il Gardellino’”, R.V. 428 – Antonio Vivaldi; Lucerne Festival Strings, Conductor: Rudolf Baumgartner.Denon, 1995. “Recital”, Opus 1 – Feld, Boulanger, Rutter, Sichler, Messiaen, Poulenc, Debussy, Saint-Saëns; <mask> & Ian Brown. Upbeat/Master Classics, 1995. “Flute Concert” – Ole Schmidt; Manchester String Ensemble, Conductor: Ole Schmidt. Da Capo, 1996. “Chamber Music Of Eugene Goossens” – Eugene Goossens; <mask> with London Chamber Music Group. Chandos, 2004.“Out Of The Cool” (Living British Composers) – Rodney Bennett, McDowall, Heath, Lock, Butterworth, Saxton; <mask> & Andrew Ball. Metier, 2009. "Terzetti" – The Debussy Ensemble; <mask>, Matthew Jones, Ieuan Jones. Divine Art, 2012. Arrangements
“Flute Archive Series 1: 1910–1945”, Performed by Rene Le Roy, Georges Barrère, Marcel Moyse. Master Classics, 1997. “Flute Archive Series 2: 1910 -1945”, Performed by Clement Barone, Albert Fransella, John Lemmoné, John Amadio.Master Classics, 1997. Première Performances
1972 “Kavitta 2” – N. Sohal; South Bank Centre, London,

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texts: England; <mask> flute, Jane Manning soprano. 1970 “Reflections For Solo Flute (After Debussy)” – P. Lamb; Russell Cotes Art Gallery & Museum, Bournemouth, England; <mask> flute. 1973 “Krystallen Solo Flute” – R. Saxton; Purcell Room, London, England; <mask> flute, Clifford Benson piano. 1974 “Fantasy Sonata” – D. Morgan; Purcell Room, London, England; <mask> flute, Clifford Benson piano. 1975 “Concerto” – J. Feld; The Round, London, England; Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. 1981 “Sonata Per Assisi” – A. Dorati; Resphigi Festival, Assisi, Italy; <mask> & Maxence Larrieu flutes.1981 “Six Tunes For The Instruction Of Singing Birds” – Richard Rodney Bennett; Norwich Festival, England; <mask> flute. 1983 “Memento” – Richard Rodney Bennett; Windsor Festival, England; London Philharmonic Orchestra. 1984 “Concerto” – Ole Schmidt; Aarhus Symphony Hall, Denmark; Aarhus Symphony Orchestra, Conductor: Ole Schmidt. 1987 “Serenade” – R. Walker; Queen Elizabeth Hall, London, England; Instrumental Quintet of London. 1989 “Flute Fantasy” – Carl Davis; Chichester Festival, England; Academy of St Martin in the Fields, Conductor: Carl Davis. 1991 “Concerto” – R. Simpson; Malvern Festival, England; City of London Sinfonia, Conductor: Richard Hickox. 1992 “Stardrift” – E. Roxburgh; Royal College Of Music, London, England; Solo flute.1995 “Quintetto Capriccioso” – J. Feld;

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