texts:
 race, <mask> had several close shaves in the changeable weather conditions, and eventually finished 8th. His teammate Glock played a pivotal part in the title outcome as he was passed by Hamilton on the last corner of the race, which gave the Englishman the championship by one point from Massa, who won easily. <mask> finished the 8th in Drivers' Championship standings, collecting 31 points, 4 more than his teammate.2009

Trulli was confident going into . In the first race of the 2009 season, the Toyotas of <mask> and Glock started the race from the pitlane as their qualifying times were disallowed due to Toyota's flexible rear wing breaching regulations. Although <mask> started from the pit lane, he finished in an impressive 3rd place before being penalised 25 seconds, dropping him to 12th position for passing Lewis Hamilton under the safety car. A few days after this decision, Hamilton was disqualified from the race results for 'misleading' the race stewards by insisting that <mask> <mask> had passed him under the Safety Car although Hamilton in fact let him pass on purpose due to an order given by the team from the pitlane. <mask> <mask> therefore regained his third-place finish. At the , <mask> qualified on pole position but due to an unconventional tyre strategy, he finished third. However he did record the fastest lap, the only time he has achieved this in his career.He holds the record of having started the most Grands Prix before recording a fastest lap. He crashed out of the  after being forced off the track at the second corner and being collected by Adrian Sutil, and then had a poor performance in Monaco as the Toyotas qualified on the back row of the grid. Improvements saw him score points in three of the next four races, before the following four rounds saw him struggle again as he failed to finish in the Top 10. At the  he placed 12th while teammate Glock was second. <mask> then fought back at the  – which would prove to

masks: Trulli Trulli Trulli Trulli Jarno Trulli Jarno Trulli Trulli Trulli


type: original

texts:
 be Toyota's last home race – by qualifying and finishing second. He then qualified fourth in torrential conditions in Brazil, but like in Spain collided with Adrian Sutil on the opening lap of the race, an incident which enraged Trulli as he blamed Sutil for the crash. His obvious display of anger towards Sutil (who also retired) afterwards earned him a $10,000 fine.<mask> finished seventh at the season finale in Abu Dhabi scoring his final points in Toyota F1's last race. Lotus (2010–2011)

2010

On 14 December 2009, <mask> was confirmed as one of the newly formed Lotus team's drivers, joining former McLaren driver Heikki Kovalainen. He only finished one of the opening four races, a weaker reliability record than Kovalainen, leading him to note that "everything happens on my car and my car only – so to this day, my expectations have not been met". At the launch of the Lotus T127, <mask> admitted in an interview with Autosport that US F1 and Sauber had been in contact with him. In late 2009, <mask> was asked to test a NASCAR stock car in North America for Toyota. The car was set up by Michael Waltrip Racing. 2011

<mask> continued to drive for Lotus in , with Lotus Racing being renamed Team Lotus.He again partnered Heikki Kovalainen. <mask>'s season started with thirteenth in Australia, before a retirement with a clutch problem in Malaysia. <mask> finished each of the next six races, equalling his best season finish of thirteenth in Monaco. In Britain, he retired with an oil leak. For the , <mask> was replaced by reserve driver Karun Chandhok. When he returned in Hungary, he retired due to a water leak; his teammate Kovalainen retired some laps later with an identical problem. He finished 14th at both the  and the , where it was announced that <mask> would be retained for the  season.After retiring in Singapore with a gearbox failure, <mask> finished 19th in Japan, 17th in Korea and 19th again, in India. Caterham (2012)

Team Lotus

masks: Trulli Trulli Trulli Trulli Trulli Trulli Trulli Trulli Trulli Trulli


texts:
 was renamed to Caterham F1 ahead of the 2012 season. <mask> drove in one pre-season test, but on 17 February 2012 it was announced that <mask> was replaced by Vitaly Petrov. Following, <mask> stated that he was "really proud" to have helped Caterham become a Formula One team. This left Formula One without an Italian driver at the start of the 2012 season, for the first time since . FIA Formula E Championship

In 2014–15 season <mask> drove in the inaugural FIA Formula E Championship for his own team Trulli GP in partnership with Drayson Racing Technologies and Super Nova Racing, as announced on 18 June 2014. After failing to pass scrutineering of their new drivetrain for the first two races of the 2015–16 season, the team withdrew from the championship.Racing record

Career summary

Complete Formula One results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

 Half points awarded as less than 75% of race distance was completed. <mask> did not finish the Grand Prix, but was classified as he had completed over 90% of the race distance. Complete Formula E results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

† Driver did not finish the race, but was classified as he completed more than 90% of the race distance. Pre-Formula One career
1996: Champion in German Formula 3 (KMS Dallara-Opel)
1995: 4th in German Formula 3 (KMS Dallara-Opel), 1st in Italian Karting class 100 FA, 1st in World karting class 125FC, Senna Memorial World Cup winner
1994: Senna Memorial World Cup winner, 1st in North American class 100SA, 1st in European class 100SA
1993: 2nd in World karting Champion class 100 SA, 1st in Grand prix of Japan Class 100 FSA
1992: 2nd in World karting class 125 FC
1991: Champion in Karting World Championship 100 FK
1990: 1st in Grand Prix of Hong Kong Class 100 FA
1988–1990: Three times Champion in Italian National 100 Class
1983–1995: Karting

Helmet

Trulli's

masks: Trulli Trulli Trulli Trulli Trulli


texts:
 original helmet design was white with a blue shape around the visor with a blue circle in the top and a green J with a red T in the sides. A ring around the blue circle was incorporated when he raced at Jordan and Renault, being coloured after the team's main sponsor. In 2004 his helmet changed from white to chromed silver and the shape, the J and the T became chromed with black outline. Later, in his first Toyota years the top became red and was added a white ring around the red circle.Finally in 2008 the helmet turned red with the J and the T of the original colours (and white outline) plus a white line on the chin area. From his Lotus years, the helmet design remained intact, with the change of the shades of colour from chromed to normal shades (the chromed silver becomes white). Personal life
<mask> is married to Barbara and they have two sons, Enzo <mask> (b. 2005), named after <mask>'s father, and Marco (b. 2006), and a daughter Veronica (b. 2014). He is the co-owner of a vineyard in the Abruzzo region in Italy and produces his own wine.He also has his own range of Karts named 'Trulli Kart'; <mask> himself was a World Champion at Karting level. His son Enzo competed in the WSK karting series, before starting single seater racing in F4 UAE in 2021. See also
List of celebrities who own wineries and vineyards

References

External links

<mask> <mask> Revealed on CNN.com

1974 births
Living people
People from Pescara
Italian expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
Italian expatriate sportspeople in the United Kingdom
Italian expatriates in Monaco
Italian racing drivers
Karting World Championship drivers
Formula One race winners
German Formula Three Championship drivers
Italian Formula One drivers
Jordan Formula One drivers
Minardi Formula One drivers
Prost Formula One drivers
Renault Formula One drivers
Toyota Formula One drivers
Team Lotus (2010–11) Formula One drivers
Formula E drivers
Formula E team owners
People named in

masks: Trulli Trulli Trulli Trulli Jarno Trulli


texts:
<mask> (born in 1978) is a Hungarian-born American musician and martial artist. He is the founder and rhythm guitarist of Las Vegas-based heavy metal band Five Finger Death Punch. In 2010, he was named Golden God's "Best Shredder" by Metal Hammer magazine. He is an actively competing martial artist, a black belt in both Jiu-Jitsu and Judo. <mask> is also a founding board member of the veterans nonprofit Home Deployment Project in Las Vegas and sits on the Board of Advisors at VETPAW (Veterans Empowered to Protect African Wildlife), an anti-poaching organization operating on the African continent, composed of US combat veterans. Career
<mask> joined the post-grunge band U.P.O. in 2004, replacing Ben Shirley on bass.He left the band in 2005, switched back to guitar, and went on to form the heavy metal band Five Finger Death Punch in Los Angeles, California. Five Finger Death Punch recorded their debut album in 2006 with engineers Steve Bruno and Mike Sarkisyan. It was mixed by Soulfly/Machine Head guitarist Logan Mader. Soon after finishing the album, the band was signed by a major management company The Firm and The Way of the Fist was released on July 31, 2007. This self-produced record sold 500,000 copies in the US and spawned three top-10 singles. Their follow-up album, War Is the Answer was released on September 22, 2009, through Prospect Park Records. The record debuted number 7 on the Billboard 200 and all four singles (off of the album) made it to the top 10 mainstream rock charts.War Is the Answer stayed on Billboards Top 100 for over a record-breaking 92 weeks and sold over 1,000,000 copies. Their third record American Capitalist was even more successful. It debuted at number 3 on the Billboard 200, had

masks:
Zoltan Bathory
Bathory
Bathory


texts: another three top 10 singles and it achieved Gold status within a year of its release. It has since been certified Platinum. In 2013, the band released a double studio album The Wrong Side of Heaven and the Righteous Side of Hell, Volume 1 and Volume 2 within three months from each other. Both albums debuted at number 2 on the Billboard 200 chart. Volume 1 featured guest vocalists Rob Halford of Judas Priest, Maria Brink of In This Moment, Tech N9ne, Jamey Jasta of Hatebreed, and Max Cavalera of Sepultura and Soulfly.Both albums also became certified Platinum. The band's sixth record Got Your Six was the band's biggest first-week commercial success. The record was number one on Billboard 200's physical sales chart and number 2 on the overall charts. Since 2010, only six metal albums had achieved RIAA Certified Platinum Status: Metallica's Hardwired... to Self-Destruct and five of Five Finger Death Punch's albums (War Is the Answer, American Capitalist, Wrong Side of Heaven, Volume 1 and Volume 2, and Got Your Six). The band have had twenty one top 10 hit singles on U.S. Mainstream Rock Radio. <mask> won the "Best Shredder" award at the 2010 Metal Hammer Golden Gods Awards.The award was the third Golden God trophy the band received (the first was for 2009 Best New Artist and the second for 2010 Breakthrough Artist, respectively). In 2013, the band was nominated and won another Golden God Award (Song of the Year) with "Lift Me Up". This number one mainstream rock hit featured Rob Halford of Judas Priest as a guest vocalist. Halford and Rob Zombie joined the band's performance at the Golden Gods Award Ceremony. In 2017, it was announced that <mask> expanded into artist management and took a new band, Bad Wolves,

masks: Bathory Bathory


texts:
 under his wing. Bad Wolves' first record Disobey was released in May 2018 via Eleven Seven Records. The <mask> managed band's first single "Zombie" became a number one hit in the United States and several other countries.Shortly after, <mask> signed a second band to his management company, Fire from the Gods. Equipment

In 2009, B.C. Rich launched three Zoltan Bathory Artist Signature Guitars: Bathory – Assassin (Artist Signature Model). <mask> runs this through TC Electronic G-System and Diamond Amplifiers. He uses a Dunlop heavy core string set (gauge of .13 to .66). It was announced in November 2014, that DBZ Guitars had teamed up with Bathory to create the company's first ever Diamond signature guitars. Although <mask> made the switch to Diamond/DBZ guitars in late 2014, the company claims he goes way back with Diamond, as he designed several guitars in Diamond's arsenal in the past (Bird of Pray, Halcyon) and he's used their amplifiers for over a decade.Philanthropy
Five Finger Death Punch have played many military benefit concerts, visited bases around the world and spearheaded a fundraising campaign for veterans suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury. In 2014, the band launched a campaign that raised over $225,000. The band used their recent music video for their latest single "Wrong Side of Heaven" to focus on the theme and launched website 5fdp4Vets.com. They also started selling a custom jersey which was designed by <mask>, on Indiegogo. The funds raised went to organizations that raise awareness about post-traumatic stress disorder. <mask> was elected as the chairman of development of the non-profit organization The Home Deployment Project in Las Vegas, helping

masks: Bathory Bathory Bathory Bathory Bathory Bathory


texts:
 veterans suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder and chronic homelessness. In 2017, it was announced that <mask> had joined VETPAW (Veterans Empowered To Protect African Wildlife), an anti-poaching organization consisting of US combat veterans.VETPAW focuses on fighting against illegal rhino killings on the continent. To achieve this, VETPAW launched Operation Rhino Shield in South Africa where they deployed a team of Army, Marine and Navy veterans on private reserves that are under direct threat from rhino poachers. <mask> is a long-time supporter of law enforcement and first responders. In 2017, Five Finger Death Punch donated $58,000 to The Badge of Honor Memorial Foundation, an organization recognized by the Department of Justice, that's available to assist the departments and families of fallen police officers by identifying all the federal and state benefits that are available for them. In 2018, <mask> spearheaded another campaign wherein his band Five Finger Death Punch donated a portion of their ticket sales ($95,000) to C.O.P.S. (Concerns of Police Survivors), an organization that supports families of officers killed in the line of duty by offering scholarships, counseling services and peer support. In 2019, Five Finger Death Punch teamed up with Brantley Gilbert, Brian May of Queen and Kenny Wayne Shepherd to re-record a new version of Shepherd's song "Blue on Black".All proceeds from the recording is donated to First Responders via The Gary Sinise Foundation. Personal life
In his private life, <mask> is an actively competing martial artist, who practices judo (black belt) and Brazilian jiu-jitsu (black belt), often appearing in martial art magazines. He is a member of the Gracie Humaita

masks: Bathory Bathory Bathory Bathory


texts:
 Jiu-Jitsu Competition Team, under Professor Amilcar Cipili (5th Degree) and 7th Degree Black Belt Master Royler Gracie. <mask> won the silver medal at the 2021 American National JiuJitsu Championship in the Black Belt Super Heavy Weight Masters Division and the Open Weight Class Absolute Division. He also placed second at the Abu-Dhabi Pro Jiu-Jitsu World Trials and at The North American Grappling Championship in 2011. He placed third at the 2012 Masters World Championship in his division. He is one of the few civilians certified by the US Army as an L1 Modern Army Combatives Instructor – Close Quarter Combat.<mask> also practices Wing Chun Kung-Fu under Grand Master Randy Williams C.R.C. Academy and Guerilla Jiu-Jitsu under professor John Simons III. <mask> is featured in former Navy Seal Team 6 operator Clint Emerson's "100 Deadly Skills Combat Edition  – The Most Dangerous Men in America" series. In May 2014, <mask> joined Monster Jam Free Style World Champion Jimmy Creten's Monster Truck Racing Team 2Xtreme Racing as their driver behind the wheel of the new Knucklehead truck. <mask>'s professional debut took place in California at the WGAS Motorsport Flip Fest Monster Truck and Motocross Show. <mask> raced at Florida's EastBay Race Way, Kansas City Speedway, Newfoundland Raceway in Canada, and appeared at the 2015 Monster Jam Finals in Las Vegas. <mask> is a contributing writer and social-political commentator for the nationally distributed Skillset magazine.References

External links
Five Finger Death Punch official website

Living people
Hungarian rock guitarists
Male guitarists
American heavy metal guitarists
Hungarian emigrants to the United States
Five Finger Death Punch members
1978 births
Hungarian

masks: Bathory Bathory Bathory Bathory Bathory Bathory Bathory


texts:
, also known as hide, was a Japanese musician, singer-songwriter and record producer. He was the lead guitarist of the rock band X Japan from 1987 to 1997 and a solo artist from 1993 onward. He also formed the United States-based rock supergroup Zilch in 1996. Hide sold millions of records, both solo and as a member of X Japan. X Japan rose to prominence in the late 1980s and early 1990s, credited as founders of the Japanese visual kei movement. When they disbanded in 1997, he focused on his solo career which started four years prior and went on to enjoy significant popularity. At the height of his fame, while recording his third studio album and about to launch an international career with the newly formed Zilch, he died in 1998 of what was ruled a suicide by hanging.He was seen as an icon for Japanese youth rebelling against their country's conformist society, and his death was labeled "the end of an era". Life and career

1964–1987: Early years and Saber Tiger
<mask> was born at St. Joseph's Hospital in Midorigaoka, Japan, on December 13, 1964, and went on to attend Yokosuka Tokiwa Junior High School. He was first exposed to rock music at the age of fifteen, through the album Alive II by Kiss. That same year his grandmother bought him his first electric guitar, a Gibson Les Paul Deluxe. On March 11, 1980, <mask> graduated from Tokiwa Junior High School. He then entered Zushi Kaisei Senior High School in Zushi, Kanagawa, where he entered the school's brass band as a club activity. He quit the band after a short time because he was assigned the clarinet while he wanted to

masks: Hide Hide


texts: play the trumpet.After this, he concentrated on guitar and in 1981 formed the band Saber Tiger. A year after their founding, they started playing shows at live houses in Yokosuka, such as Rock City. Their live performances featured shock elements such as mannequins and raw meat. In April 1983 he started studying cosmetology and fashion at the Hollywood University of Beauty and Fashion in present-day Roppongi Hills, from which he graduated in 1984. Later that year he took a nationwide examination and successfully obtained a beautician license. In July 1985 Saber Tiger released their self-titled EP, which included two songs, "Double Cross" and "Gold Digger". In November, the band contributed the song "Vampire" to the Heavy Metal Force III sampler, which also included songs by X.In 1986 the group changed its name to Saver Tiger to avoid confusion with a similarly named band from Sapporo (see Saber Tiger). Their first appearance with the new name was on the sampler Devil Must Be Driven out with Devil, with their songs "Dead Angle" and "Emergency Express". They continued to perform in live houses and night clubs such as Meguro Rokumeikan, Omiya Freaks and Meguro Live Station until January 28, 1987, when Hide became tired of changing members and decided to end the band (vocalist Kyo and drummer Tetsu would both go on to D'erlanger), around the same time he was invited to join X. In 2001, Nippon Crown issued a three-volume release titled Origin of hide, with the band credited as "Yokosuka Saver Tiger". Volumes 1 and 2 were live CDs, with some rehearsal recordings, while volume 3


texts:
 was a concert VHS. 1987–1997: X Japan

Hide joined X Japan (then called X) in February 1987, becoming the band's lead guitarist and occasional songwriter. After that he contributed the songs "Celebration", "Joker", and the single "Scars".X Japan released their first album Vanishing Vision through drummer Yoshiki's own Extasy Records on April 14, 1988, and toured extensively in support of the record. They would become one of the first Japanese acts to achieve mainstream success while on an independent label, and were later widely credited as one of the pioneers of visual kei. X Japan's major label debut album, Blue Blood, was released on April 21, 1989, and debuted at number six on the Oricon chart. Its success earned the band the "Grand Prix New Artist of the Year" award at the 4th annual Japan Gold Disc Awards in 1990. Their third album Jealousy was released on July 1, 1991, and debuted at number one, selling over 600,000 copies. It was later certified million by the RIAJ. Shortly after the release of Art of Life, which also topped the Oricon, the members of X Japan took a break, to start solo projects.Around that time, the group also dropped most of its original visual kei aesthetics, except <mask> who would still perform in wildly colorful outfits and with his trademark red, later pink, hair. Dahlia, which would become the band's final album to date, was released on November 4, 1996, and once again, it reached the number one spot. In September 1997 it was announced that X Japan would disband, they performed their farewell show, aptly titled "The Last Live", at the Tokyo


texts:
 Dome on December 31, 1997. 1993–1998: Solo career
In early 1993, <mask> recorded the song "Frozen Bug" with Inoran and J of Luna Sea, under the band name M*A*S*S, it was included on the sampler Dance 2 Noise 004. He also starred in an art film titled Seth et Holth, along with Tusk of Zi:Kill. In 1994, he recorded and released his first solo album Hide Your Face, which reached number 9 on the Oricon chart. The album's musical style differed significantly from the speed metal anthems and power ballads of X Japan, leaning more towards alternative rock.He then went on the Hide Our Psychommunity Tour, for which a live band was hired that would later become his primary project, Hide with Spread Beaver. In 1996, Hide oversaw the production of the first release on his own record label LEMONed, an album from the band Zeppet Store. Prior to starting his own label, Hide would introduce bands he liked to Yoshiki, who then signed them to Extasy Records, as he had done with Zi:Kill, Luna Sea and Glay. Oblivion Dust also credits early support from Hide for them getting a record deal. <mask>'s second solo album Psyence was released on September 2, it topped the Oricon and was followed by the Psyence a Go Go tour. He also formed a new band named Zilch in 1996, which apart from him and Spread Beaver programmer and percussionist I.N.A., was composed of American and British artists, such as Joey Castillo (Queens of the Stone Age), Paul Raven (Killing Joke) and Ray McVeigh (ex-The Professionals). After X Japan disbanded in 1997, he formally titled his solo project Hide with Spread Beaver, with


texts:
 his backing band considered full members.On August 26, 1997, he produced the Mix LEMONed Jelly event at four different Tokyo nightclubs on the same night. Several artists performed, including Hide backed only with I.N.A. as DJ. Death

<mask> died at age 33 on the morning of May 2, 1998. After a night out drinking, he was found hanged by a towel tied to a doorhandle in his apartment in the Minami-Azabu district of Tokyo. He had returned to Japan just five days earlier, after a three-month stay in Los Angeles. On May 1, he and the members of Spread Beaver recorded for television shows and went out drinking, with his younger brother driving him home at roughly 6:30am the following morning.When found unconscious at around 7:30am, he was taken to a hospital in Hiroo, where he was pronounced dead at 8:52am. Authorities officially deemed <mask>'s death a suicide, and it was reported in the media as such. Within one week, three teenage fans had died in copycat suicides. At the wake on May 6, which 10,000 people attended, a 19-year-old girl slit her wrists after laying flowers at the temple, and a car crash caused by sleep-deprived fans traveling from Osaka caused one death and seven serious injuries on a motorway. His remains were buried in Miura Reien in Miura, Kanagawa during a Buddhist memorial service. Approximately 50,000 people attended his funeral at Tsukiji Hongan-ji on May 7, where 56 people were hospitalized and 197 people received medical treatment in first aid tents due to a mixture of emotional exhaustion and heat, with the funeral taking place on the warmest day of


texts:
 the year so far, at 27 degrees Celsius (about 80.6 degrees Fahrenheit). Several of <mask>'s friends and colleagues stated that they believed the auto-strangulation to have been an accident, among them X Japan co-founder Yoshiki and former X bassist Taiji.No suicide note was left and Taiji theorizes in his autobiography that on the night of his death, <mask> may have been practicing a technique to relieve upper back and neck pains which guitarists can suffer from due to continuous use of a shoulder strap. The technique involved was practiced by the X Japan members during their touring days and required the use of a towel and a doorknob or handle. According to Taiji, <mask> may have fallen asleep in his intoxicated state, becoming caught and strangling himself. Zilch bassist Paul Raven said, "I saw him a few days before he passed away, and I had no indication from him that anything was wrong, other than that he was exhausted," but commented that Hide was "under a lot of stress," due to the recording schedule for the Ja, Zoo album. He went on to question the ultimate degree of <mask>'s involvement in the finished record, remarking that only three songs had been completed before he died. However, <mask>'s younger brother and manager stated in his 2010 book that six songs were completed by the time of his death. This is supported by the fact that I.N.A.is credited with additional arrangement on four of the album's ten tracks. Posthumous

1998–2010

Later that month after his passing, the single "Pink Spider" was released, entering the Oricon chart at number one. The song was

masks: Hide Hide Hide Hide Hide


texts: also named "Song of the Year" at the 13th Japan Gold Disc Awards and received the MTV Video Music Award in the category "Japan Viewers Choice". Sales were also strong for the follow-up single "Ever Free" which took its number one spot, while those of the single released prior to his death "Rocket Dive" would also see a substantial increase. American Journalist Neil Strauss commented on the trend saying that: "In just a few weeks, pop culture in Japan had gone from mourning Hide's death to consuming it." Zilch's debut album 3.2.1. was released in July and reached number 2 on the Oricon chart, the group would continue to perform and record for several years. While they never achieved mainstream success in the United States one of their songs was included on the soundtrack for Heavy Metal 2000.Ja, Zoo was released in November of that year with the artist listed as 'hide with Spread Beaver', formally crediting his backing band, also reached the number 2 position and sold over a million copies by the end of the following year. Despite Hide's death, Spread Beaver went through with the 1998 Tribal Ja, Zoo Tour from October through November, performing live with the addition of recordings, drawing an audience of 50,000 people. Footage from the tour was later released on DVD in 2005. On May 1, 1999, a tribute album was released, titled Tribute Spirits. It features covers of Hide's songs by several bands such as Buck-Tick, Luna Sea and Oblivion Dust, and solo artists including Tomoyasu Hotei and Cornelius. The album was released to coincide with the first anniversary of his death. A


texts: Hide museum was opened in his hometown of Yokosuka on July 20, 2000.It has been reported that Japan's Prime Minister at the time, Junichiro Koizumi, was influential in getting it built as he is a big fan of X Japan. The museum remained open, past its original three-year plan, for five years, before closing its doors on September 25, 2005, with an estimated 400,000 people visiting. Prior to his death, <mask> and Yoshiki talked about restarting X Japan with a new vocalist in the year 2000. The surviving members of X Japan eventually reunited in 2007 and recorded a new song, "I.V.". It contains a previously unused guitar track by hide. Their first concert was held at the Tokyo Dome on March 28, 2008, during the performance of "Art of Life" a hologram of <mask> (taken from footage of an "Art of Life" performance at the Tokyo Dome in 1993) played alongside the band. X Japan still considers <mask> a member, and have introduced him at every concert they have performed since reuniting.As far back as July 8, 2007, Yoshiki announced to be in talks with several musicians regarding a Hide tribute concert set for 2008, in order to commemorate the tenth anniversary of his former bandmate's death. The Hide memorial summit was held on May 3 and 4 2008 at Ajinomoto Stadium, with X Japan, Dir en grey, D'espairsRay, Versailles and many others performing, Luna Sea and Phantasmagoria even reunited for one day to perform. Hide with Spread Beaver also performed, using studio and live recordings for <mask>'s vocals. Organizers planned for an estimated 100,000 fans to attend the two shows. Prior to

masks: Hide Hide Hide Hide


texts:
 the summit, there had been tribute shows held every year since 2000, where bands performed on Hide's birthday and this continues to this day. As with many other deceased musicians, re-issues, remixes, compilations and previously unreleased portions of <mask>'s work continue to be published. One of the most recent being "The Devolution Project", a release of his original eleven singles on picture disc vinyl, throughout 2010.On the 12th anniversary of his death, also in 2010, a memorial service was held at Tsukiji Hongan-ji with an estimated 35,000 people attending. In August 2010, <mask>'s management company Headwax Organization, which includes his younger brother Hiroshi, filed a lawsuit against Yoshiki's management Japan Music Agency, for using images of the former X Japan guitarist without a formal agreement in place. The claim states that in 2000 the two companies signed an agreement allowing Yoshiki and X Japan to use visual images of <mask> during concerts. However, images were used at X Japan's August 14 and 15 shows at Nissan Stadium, when apparently the contract had expired. 2011–present
On March 8, 2011, a jukebox musical based on and featuring <mask>'s music debuted, named Pink Spider after his song of the same name. <mask> had previously expressed his desire to make a"rock opera", and said that the story of Pink Spider is not finished in the single, it remains open, and the musical aims to follow this thought thread. The show stars both Nao Minamisawa and Hitomi Takahashi as Meru, a girl who likes rock music, struggling between the real world and a fictional one


texts: called Psychocommunity.Other cast members included Taka (defspiral) and J, with the backing band being the rest of defspiral. The production ran from March 8 to the 27 at the Tokyo Globe Theater and was then brought to Fukuoka, Kobe, Nagoya, Niigata, Sendai, and Sapporo in April. The musical production was overseen by I.N.A. A compilation album of the songs used in the musical (the original versions by hide) was released on March 2 and is titled "Musical Number" -Rock Musical Pink Spider-. At the end of 2012, a special project titled Hide Rocket Dive 2013~2014 ~20th Solo Works & 50th of Birth Anniversary was announced. It includes films shown in several locations on May 2, including some overseas, the re-opening of the Hide museum and plans to hold another Hide memorial summit festival. Two tribute albums, following the first in 1999, were released on July 3, 2013, and contain twenty-five tracks covered by newer visual kei acts such as heidi., Sadie, Matenrou Opera and Screw.Two more tribute albums were released on August 28, the first being covers of <mask>'s songs in a classical music theme, and the latter his song's remixed by Spread Beaver member INA. Two additional tribute albums were released on December 18 as the final installments, one composed of covers by female recording artists such as Koda Kumi and Kanon Wakeshima, and the other by rock acts including D'erlanger and Kinniku Shōjo Tai. The Hide Museum 2013 was in Odaiba from June 27 to July 28, when it moved to Universal Studios Japan in Osaka for August 7 to September 8. The exhibition include life size wax


texts: dolls of hide. The new live concert film hide Alive the Movie -hide Indian Summer Special Limited Edition- was shown in theaters throughout Japan. Special limited tickets to see the movie came with a thirteen-track live CD of songs from the depicted concert, which was recorded on September 8, 1996, at Chiba Marine Stadium. In March 2013, Headwax Organization announced that <mask>'s grave site at Miura Reien was vandalized when unknown suspect(s) scratched the gravestone with a sharp object.They stated that if additional acts occur, the grave would be temporarily closed to the public. Hide "performed" with Super Band, a one-off band whose lineup altered per song, at Sodegaura Kaihin Koen on September 14, 2013, as part of Kishidan Banpaku 2013 hosted by Kishidan. Its members included J on bass, Hisashi Imai and Hisashi on guitar, Ken Morioka on keyboards, and Tetsu (D'erlanger) on drums. A previously unfinished song by Hide called  has been completed by Yamaha and INA utilizing vocaloid technology to mimic the deceased musician's voice. The song was originally written and demoed for Ja, Zoo in 1998, took two years to finish and was included on an album by Universal Music released on December 10, 2014. Junk Story, a theatrical documentary on Hide that includes interviews with friends, staff and fellow musicians who knew him, entered theaters across Japan on May 23, 2015. Hide with Spread Beaver performed on October 15, 2016, at Makuhari Messe alongside X Japan and Glay as part of the second day of the Visual Japan Summit.A special Hide 20th Memorial Super Live Spirits was held


texts:
 at Tokyo Otaiba Yagai Tokusetsu Stage J Chikuon on April 28 and 29, 2018. In addition to Hide with Spread Beaver on both nights, other acts that performed over the two days included Buck-Tick, Oblivion Dust, Mucc and Tomoyasu Hotei. A multimedia box set titled hide 1998 ~Last Words~ and containing five CDs, a DVD and two books was released on May 2. All conducted within the last few months of his life, the CDs contain radio interviews <mask> gave on Nippon Broadcasting System and Bay FM 78, the DVD contains footage shot in Los Angeles while recording Ja, Zoo, and the books republish interviews he gave to magazines such as Rockin'On Japan and Fool's Mate. On May 26, a documentary film titled Hurry Go Round was released in theaters. Another tribute album titled Tribute Impulse was released on June 6 and features acts such as Dragon Ash, Takanori Nishikawa and Miyavi. Personal life
<mask>'s younger brother Hiroshi was his chauffeur and manager until his last days.He took some of <mask>'s ashes with him to throw in the Santa Monica Bay, along with a bottle of wine. Hiroshi has a son whom, during the Hide Our Psychommunity Tour, Hide would bring onstage and sing to. Hiroshi is the president of Hide's management company Headwax Organization, and also appears on Ja, Zoo reading an excerpt on "Pink Cloud Assembly". During an interview for the television show Rocket Punch!, recorded on May 1, 1998, <mask> said he had a girlfriend. The identity of this girlfriend was never confirmed, as Hide died the following day. Equipment

Hide was a fan of Bow Wow guitarists Kyoji Yamamoto and


texts:
 Mitsuhiro Saito, and played the Mockingbird style guitar, which Saito used. Hide was rarely seen performing without a Fernandes guitar.He has many signature models with the company and owned a large repertoire of guitars by other manufacturers. His numerous signature models are still available for purchase today. One of his guitars, a 1959 Gibson Les Paul Standard, was once owned by Mick Mars of Mötley Crüe. Songwriting and influence

Hide was influenced by hard rock bands such as Iron Maiden, AC/DC and Bow Wow as well as punk rock acts such as The Clash and Sex Pistols. However, Kiss guitarist Ace Frehley was his idol and biggest influence. He preferred guitarists who make playing look "effortless" and who have "the skill, the looks and the attitude", naming Frehley, Jimmy Page and Joe Perry. He cited Bauhaus' guitarist Daniel Ash as an influence as well.<mask> cited Iron Maiden's self-titled debut album for teaching him how to arrange twin guitar parts. In X Japan, <mask> is the second most credited songwriter and the only member other than Yoshiki to pen one of their singles. He appears to have been the most experimental as well, with the song "Xclamation" from 1989's Blue Blood, co-composed with Taiji, including traditional Indian percussion, and the single, "Scars", being progressive metal. According to Alexey Eremenko of AllMusic, "Scars" and "Drain" from 1996's Dahlia were a glimpse into <mask>'s future experiments in industrial rock. The Japan Timess Philip Brasor commented that when <mask> died, "Japanese metal lost its greatest practicing innovator." At the outset


texts: of his solo career, <mask> experimented with instrumentations very different from what he usually had access to in X Japan. The Hide Your Face opening track "Psychommunity", for example, has four guitar tracks and employs a full string section.As another example, "Blue Sky Complex" features guitars in drop C tuning, a trumpet section, and an organ. His solo music is also of genres uncharacteristic of X, with the bulk of his catalog being considered alternative rock. These works included influences ranging from pop rock to industrial rock. His lyrics were often dark, with one TV host saying "A lot of what Hide did was grotesque. He's talked about suicide in his records for five years. But the fans who followed him always knew there was a Hide behind that who was a very solid character. He was very outspoken about freedom and doing what you want".His compositions "often set the tone of alienation and frustration for which X Japan was revered." Radio and TV host Bryan Burton-Lewis explained "In Japan, the image that we have of the X audience is rural kids going through a rebellion phase", "they all talk about how [hide] gave them something to live for." Japanese DJ Maki Yanai believes fans saw in him the rebel society would not allow them to be. <mask> is regarded as very influential to not only contemporary Japanese musicians, but also to his generation. X Japan is considered one of the founders of visual kei, a movement among Japanese musicians comparable to Western glam, and subsequently are influences to many newer bands. When they disbanded, <mask> was the only member to

masks: Hide Hide Hide


texts: carry on with the look and had the most successful solo career. As such, acts that cite him specifically as an influence include D'espairsRay, Miya of Mucc, Nightmare's Hitsugi, Syu of Galneryus, Hizaki and Teru of Versailles, members from heidi., Naoto of Deathgaze, DuelJewel's Shun, Kouichi of Laputa, Jui from Vidoll, Reo of lynch., Dir en grey vocalist Kyo and guitarist Kaoru, each member of DaizyStripper, Kohshi from Flow, members of MarBell, Head Phones President frontwoman Anza, DJ Ozma, Ami Suzuki, Silver Ash leader Ling, Chiemi Ishimoto from Mass of the Fermenting Dregs, Marilyn Manson and Minami Momochi.Ryuichi stated that <mask> was a big influence on Luna Sea. <mask> has been compared to Kurt Cobain and Jimi Hendrix with regards to his impact on Japanese youth, having been "elevated to a 'guitar god' status." According to Josephine Yun, <mask>'s "stage persona was insolent, in your face, taunting and belligerent, and it thrilled Japanese youth while horrifying older generations. Many Japanese felt stifled by convention and identified with his naughty rebelliousness; he became a cult figure." Neil Strauss claims <mask> "despised the music business and wanted to change it" and that he said he felt "trapped in the image of a pop star." According to Strauss, he "represented a generation of fans who felt alienated, and his death represented the end of a genre." Billboards Steve McClure concurred; his "death means the end of an era", adding "X were the first generation of visual kei bands[...] For the next generation of bands, it's like: That's it.The torch has been


texts:
 passed to us." Spread Beaver
Hide's backing band for his solo career:

 – percussion, programming, backing vocals 1993–1998, 2008, 2016, 2018 (Zilch, Dope HEADz, Sonic Storage)
 – guitar, backing vocals 1994–1996 (Blizard, X-Ray, Twinzer)
 – bass, acoustic guitar, backing and lead vocals 1994–1998, 2008, 2016, 2018 (Debonair, Madbeavers, Chirolyn & The Angels)
 – drums 1994–1998, 2008, 2016, 2018 (44Magnum, Ziggy, Madbeavers, Rider Chips)
 – keyboards, piano, guitar, backing and lead vocals 1994–1998, 2008, 2016, 2018 (Loopus, Ra:IN, Minimum Rockets)
 – guitar, backing vocals 1996–1998, 2008, 2016, 2018 (Jewel, Virus, Media Youth, R, machine, Madbeavers, Lucy)
 – guitar, backing vocals 1998, 2008, 2016, 2018 (Oblivion Dust, Spin Aqua, Sonic Storage, Vamps)

X Japan guitarist Pata made numerous live appearances with the band and also appears on a couple studio recordings. Jennifer Finch and Demetra "Dee" Plakas, of American all-girl grunge band L7, supported Hide on a couple of TV performances in 1993 before Spread Beaver was formed, they also appear in the original promotional video for "Doubt". Discography

Hide Your Face (1994)
Psyence (1996)
Ja, Zoo (1998)

Notes

References

Further reading
 Pink Cloudy Sky, by Masahiko "REM" Araki, Bauhaus, 1999,
 Hide Days, Takarajimasha, 2003,
 <mask> Bible, by Akemi Oshima, Ongakusenkasha, 2008,
 , by Hiroshi Matsumoto, Kodansha, 2010,

External links

Official YouTube
Official LEMONed Shop website

1964 births
1998 deaths
X Japan members
Zilch (band) members
Suicides by hanging in Japan
People from Yokosuka,


texts:
 Kanagawa
Musicians from Kanagawa Prefecture
Universal Music Japan artists
Visual kei musicians
Lead guitarists
20th-century Japanese guitarists
20th-century Japanese male singers
Japanese rock guitarists
Japanese heavy metal guitarists
Japanese alternative rock musicians
Industrial musicians
Japanese male rock singers
English-language singers from Japan
Japanese male singer-songwriters
Japanese record producers
1998


texts:
<mask> "Freddy<mask> is a Uruguayan guitarist, arranger, producer and composer based in Santa Monica, California. He began his career playing with Eduardo Mateo and Uruguayan rock bands Psiglo and Dias de Blues. He is credited with incorporating jazz, blues and rock influences to urban Uruguayan music as it is ascertained in the book "De las Cuevas al Solís" by Fernando Peláez. <mask> later moved to southern Spain and eventually to Los Angeles where he is a specialty studio musician. He has shared stage, collaborated with, or recorded for artists Andy Williams, Dr. Yusef Lateef, Jon Anderson, Milton Nascimento, Ray Brown Jr., Freddie Hubbard, Cheb Mami, Joan Sebastian, Alejandro Fernández, Vicente Fernández, Jon Hassell, Mark Isham, Elton John, James Moody, Terry Plumeri, Alphonso Johnson, Chester Thompson, and Dionne Warwick. <mask> has participated in many films and television shows along films composers such as Hans Zimmer, John Powell, James Horner, Germaine Franco, Danny Elfman and Michael Giacchino. Biography
Born in the big town Treinta y Tres, Uruguay, <mask> began his studies in Montevideo, capital of the country.The musical roots of his ancestors first directed him to the Southern Coast of Spain and while residing in Sevilla and Jeréz de la Frontera <mask> was involved with flamenco music. Nevertheless, he formally studied classical guitar at the Real Conservatorio de Madrid during the five-year residency. Formal studies were continued first at the Berklee College of Music in Massachusetts and later in California at the Guitar Institute of

masks:
Federico
" Ramos
Federico
Federico
Federico
Federico


texts: Technology (MI). In Valencia, at the California Institute of the Arts, he was the recipient of full scholarships. In due course <mask> obtained a bachelor's degree in Fine Arts and taught a course on Cross-Cultural Improvisation at the California Institute of the Arts. When <mask> arrived in the United States in 1980, soon began expanding his musical and cultural spectrum. He settled in Santa Monica.In the eighties <mask> co-founded Eternal Wind, a band whose music style was characterized by improvisational compositions of world sounds. Eternal Wind Dr. Charles Moore, Adam Rudolph, Ralphs Jones and <mask>, recorded several albums that were released by the Chicago-based Flying Fish Records Co.. Soon, Eternal Wind toured extensively with Dr.Yusef Lateef, who then wrote and composed two symphonic works intended to be performed and recorded by Eternal Wind. One of them, The African-American Epic Suite for Quintet and Orchestra was recorded in Germany with the Köln Radio Orchestra in 1993, and released in Europe by ACT Records. As a member of Eternal Wind, <mask> also participated in the recording of Metamusic, also written and conducted by Dr. Lateef exclusively for his quartet. Later on, in 1995, the work The World at Peace of Yusef Lateef and Adam Rudolph (Eternal Wind) performed by 12 musicians, was released by Meta Records. This live performance at the Jazz Bakery of Los Angeles features <mask> playing acoustic, electric and midi guitars throughout the session as well as his performance of percussion instruments and African kudu horn.References to

masks: Federico Federico Federico Federico Federico Federico


texts: Lateef and Eternal Wind association are further explored in Yusef Lateef's autobiography The Gentle Giant. In 1990, <mask>, Eduardo Márquez Del Signore and Bernardo Rubaja worked in a debuting ensemble of compositions and performances. The ensemble fused ancient folk traditions of South America with an array of influences spanning jazz, pop, avant-garde and classical music. The instrumental textures and harmonic tints of their native cultures offered a unique and personalized style. Their recorded work Newland, was released by Narada Productions, featuring Mark Isham on trumpet, Alex Acuña on drums and percussion and Steve Fowler on flutes. In 1991, <mask> was introduced to the Englishman and pioneer artist Jon Anderson of the legendary progressive rock group "Yes", with whom he recorded. Subsequently, the Windham Hill releases of Deseo, Toltec, The Best Of Jon Anderson-South America 1993 and Deseo Remixes followed.<mask> toured as lead guitarist on Jon's Latin American tour of nine countries in 1993. In Belo Horizonte, Brazil, <mask> was guest guitarist performing with Milton Nascimento, Simone and James Taylor, for a benefit presentation in the fight against hunger, Natal Sem Fome (Christmas Without Hunger). Later, the Uruguayan drummer José Luis Pérez joined <mask> to create Pérez & Ramos. Their work Flip Flop expressed a contemporary improvisational music based primarily on the Uruguayan rhythms of candombe and African rhythms blending tango, Brazilian melodies and jazz. Pérez & Ramos Flip Flop was well-reviewed after being released by World

masks:
Federico Ramos
Federico
Federico
Federico
Federico


texts: Alchemy Records in February 1994. During the year 1994, <mask> was co-producer on the project Heart of Brazil with Dionne Warwick in the recording of Brazilian artist Eliana Estevão. During those years, <mask> co-founded the group Hecho en México with musicians Luis Pérez Ixoneztly and Germaine Franco (with whom now he collaborates for film scores).Hecho en México's music was a junction of pre-Columbian sounds of instruments and language with other contemporary musical expressions. North Star released Calido's Tropical Nights in the year 1994. The duet of <mask> and guitarist Ramón Stagnaro featured melodic songs with an array of exotic rhythms of Latin and Spanish compositions. Soon followed the collaboration with Michael Feinstein Michael & George: Feinstein Sings Gershwin, which was nominated for a Grammy. The Savage Rose's disc For Your Love was granted the Gold Sales Award in Denmark in 2002. The recording of "En Vivo Desde el Auditorio Nacional" with Mexican superstar Joan Sebastian was awarded the Grammy for the 2006 best live disc. Also released in 2006 was a DVD of the Latin American Tour with Jon Anderson.For 2007, an educational disc for DW drums under the guide of Alex Acuña includes a vast array of Latin American styles. In 1995 <mask> again joined with Uruguayan drummer José Luis Pérez and Uruguayan bassist Eduardo Márquez Del Signore (Jon Anderson's Latin Band). The Trio found in the combination of their sounds the name of Ritual and the compact disc Presencia was released by Amazone Records. Presencia was presented in Montevideo, in

masks: Federico Ramos Federico Federico


texts: the Teatro Solís in July 1997 with sold out tickets. Ritual traveled to Montevideo accompanied by their guest artist, pianist, composer and producer Tommy Eyre, the Englishman that had arranged Joe Cocker's version of A Little Help From My Friends. From 1996, <mask> engaged in different work projects, collaborations and special guest performances. Among these musical productions <mask>'s highlighted participations are: Cielo y Tierra: Heaven and Earth, Warner-México 1996, with Jon Anderson, performing acoustic guitars and choirs; putoInternational Inc. 1997, guest guitarist; Adam Rudolph's Moving Pictures: Contemplations, Meta Records 1997, acoustic guitars, charango, oud, bamboo flutes; Cayambe: Influences, Andes Inc. 1997, guitars; Cayambe: America, Andes Inc. 1998, guitars; Heart & Soul, North Sound Music Group 1999, flamenco guitarists (with individual performances also by Ramón Stagnaro and Adam Del Monte), soloist guitars, composer and arranger.During the early months of 1997, Sony Music contracted <mask> as producer of Alexis Peña's recording project. For this occasion <mask> convoked the participation of renowned musicians such as Alex Acuña and Alphonso Johnson ("Weather Report"), Alex Ligertwood ("Santana") and Tommy Eyre (B.B. King, George Michael, Gary Moore). In February 2001 The African-American Epic Suite by Dr. Yusef Lateef with the Detroit Symphony Orchestra. For over a decade, <mask> toured with famed, multi-Grammy award winner Mexican singer Joan Sebastian throughout Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, and the U.S.. In 2016 and 2017,

masks: Federico Federico Federico Federico Federico


texts:
 <mask> toured with The Alphonso Johnson Band, feat. the maestro Chester Thompson in Chicago, and throughout Argentina and Uruguay, where he also taught clinics.He is a dedicated studio musician collaborating in recordings, and music for films and TV shows. <mask> was the guitarist for the Disney animated film Coco, and performed one of the songs at the 90th Academy Awards. Other collaborations
Other past collaborations include recordings and performances with the following artists

USA: Jackson Browne, Lionel Richie, Jon Hassell, Mark Isham, Norman Connors, Charlie Haden, Ahmed Abdul-Malik, Scarlet Rivera, Cecil McBee, Billy Childs, Freddie Hubbard, Terry Plumeri, James Newton, Alphonso Johnson, Chester Thompson

BRAZIL: Milton Nascimento, Moacir Santos, João Noguera, Martinho da Vila, Geraldo Azevedo, Jose Roberto Bertrami;

INDIA: L. Subramaniam, Ustad Zakir Hussain, Amiya Dasgupta

IRAN: Faramaz Assef

ARGELIA: Cheb Mami

CANADA: Maynard Ferguson and Ashley Maher

ARGENTINA: Jorge Calandrelli, Jota Morelli, Bernardo Rubaja

PERÚ: Alex Acuña

MEXICO: Luis Pérez Ixoneztly, Joan Sebastian, Alejandro Fernández, Jenni Rivera. GAMBIA: Foday Musa Suso

CUBA: Francisco Céspedes

TURKEY: Akin and Fahir Atakoglu

ROMANIA: Damian Drăghici

COSTA RICA and IRAN: Strunz & Farah

PUERTO RICO: Wilkins and Ritchie Gajate Garcia

ESPAÑA: Camilo Sesto, Julio Iglesias, Trigo Limpio, Paloma San Basilio, Lola Flores, Los Marismeños and Mocedades

URUGUAY: Rubén Rada, Eduardo Mateo, Hugo Fattoruso, Osvaldo Fattoruso, Jaime Roos, Jorge Galemire, Laura Canoura, Los

masks: Federico Ramos


texts:
 Iracundos...

Film collaborations
IMDb

References

External links
 <mask> Ramos
 <mask> Ramos with The Alphonso Johnson Quartet in Montevideo Uruguay
 <mask> Ramos at the 90 Oscars, with Gael García Bernal, Miguel and Natalia Lafourcade

Uruguayan guitarists
Uruguayan male guitarists
Uruguayan composers
Male composers
Jazz guitarists
Southern cone music
1953 births
Living people
Male jazz

masks: Federico Federico Federico


texts:
<mask> (18 June 1811 – 3 April 1895), very frequently spelled "Matthew", was the first Anglican Bishop of Perth and then the Anglican Bishop of Brisbane. <mask> is recognised for seeking to empower the South Australian Aboriginals through his work in the Poonindie mission, establishing the Anglican Diocese of Perth and Hale School. Early life
<mask> was born on 18 June 1811 at Alderley, Gloucestershire, the third son of Robert H<mask> (5 May 1780 – 20 December 1855) and Lady Theodosia <mask> (née Bourke). His maternal grandfather was The Earl of Mayo, Lord Archbishop of Tuam. After completing his education at Wotton-under-Edge, he attended Trinity College, Cambridge, and obtained his B.A. in 1835 and M.A. in 1838.During his time at Cambridge he met Harold Browne and they became lifelong friends. Both came under the influence of Charles Simeon who celebrated fifty years of evangelical ministry at (Holy) Trinity Church in 1832. The antislavery movement driven by William Wilberforce also influenced <mask> and he wanted to minister to the newly emancipated slaves, particularly in the West Indies, but was not encouraged to do so neither by his family nor by the missionary society working in that region. <mask> was ordained a deacon in the Church of England in 1836, and priest in 1837 by the Bishop of Bristol and Gloucester. From 1836 to 1838 he was curate of Tresham. In 1838 he acted as curate of Wootton-under-Edge, then from 1839 to 1845 Perpetual Curate of Stroud, an expanding woollen-cloth manufacturing centre in Gloucestershire. In 1840 <mask> married Sophia Clode, with whom he would have three children, the eldest of whom died in infancy.Sophia died in early 1845 followed by <mask>'s

masks:
Mathew Blagden Hale
Hale
Mathew Blagden Hale
. Blagden Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale


texts:
 mother a few months later. <mask> had an emotional breakdown and resigned. Subsequently, he served briefly as Rector of Alderley in 1845 and 1846, and then as Perpetual Curate of Atworth with Wraxhill in 1846 and 1847. South Australia

In 1847 he met Bishop Short at a friend's house, and was persuaded to accompany him to Adelaide. <mask>, with his two surviving daughters and two servants in late December 1847 arrived in South Australia, where he was appointed first Archdeacon of Adelaide. The following year during a pastoral visit to Western Australia with Bishop Short he married Sabina, eldest daughter of John and Georgiana Molloy. Subsequently, after <mask> returned to Adelaide, he was appointed the first rector of St Matthew's church at Kensington.In early 1850 <mask> approached the Governor of South Australia proposing an institution for young Aborigines where they would live in one little community to learn practical skills in farming and domestic arts and to receive Christian teaching. Later that year he volunteered his services as mission superintendent. His offer was accepted and the Natives' Training Institution was opened at Poonindie, near Port Lincoln, in October 1850. <mask> and his family moved to Poonindie soon afterwards and <mask> and Sabina's eldest surviving son, <mask>, was born there in July next year. The Institution prospered and when Bishop Short visited in February 1853, there were 54 Aborigines resident, eleven of whom were baptised by the Bishop. Western Australia

In 1856, <mask> resigned to accept an invitation to serve as Bishop of Perth. In July 1856 he arrived in Western Australia on the Guyon, which had diverted to Port Lincoln to pick him up, along with

masks: Hale Hale Hale Hale Hale Mathew Mathew Hale


texts: his two eldest daughters and sister-in-law Georgiana Molloy, and in November the rest of his family arrived there from South Australia.In March 1857, <mask> returned to England with his family, where on 25 July 1857 he was consecrated as the first Bishop of Perth at the Lambeth Palace Chapel. The sermon was preached by <mask>'s longtime friend from their university days, Harold Browne. According to its usual custom Cambridge University awarded the new bishop an honorary Doctor of Divinity degree. While <mask> accepted this academic honour, he was reluctant to adopt the style and title of "My Lord", maintaining that as a colonial bishop he would be better without it. However, the legal authorities ruled that he must accept it and he did so. Leaving his family in England, <mask> returned to Western Australia on the convict ship Nile early in 1858, to take up office as Bishop of Perth. It had been an eventful and dangerous voyage.The problems arising from transportation were evident when <mask> had made his initial tour of his diocese-to-be and he had prepared a report on The Transportation Question, advocating measures to make Western Australia a reformatory colony rather than a penal settlement. This was published while he was in England. <mask>'s report demanded change in the colony's penal system. When copies reached Perth before he returned from England, there was a storm of criticism in the local news media, claiming that <mask>'s report was "full of misrepresentations and errors". However, when <mask>'s own account of his voyage on the Nile and the behavior of the convicts on it was published, he was vindicated and newspaper editors were commending <mask>, even as the Colonial

masks: Hale Hale Hale Hale Hale Hale Hale Hale Hale


texts: Governor was disapproving because of "embarrassment to Her Majesty’s Government". In June 1858, after he returned from England, <mask> opened a boys' school for both boarders and day pupils. The Bishop's School was modelled after England's public schools.Many of the pupils who attended it came from leading families in the colony; many of them went on to become prominent in Western Australian business and politics. <mask> had continuing problems in finding suitable schoolmasters and funds to support his school. Eventually this proved too much for him and the Bishop's School closed on 1 March 1872. However it continued on under different management and eventually became today's Hale School. <mask> is generally recognised as the pioneer of secondary education in Western Australia. Communications with the eastern colonies and England were made by sailing ship when <mask> arrived in the colony in 1856 and by steamship when he left in 1875. Albany was the first port of call on the Australian continent.Hence <mask> was the first Australian bishop to receive his invitation to the first Lambeth Conference held in 1867 and was the only one to attend it. In 1870 a crisis arose when the lady running an orphanage for indigenous children in Albany was unable to continue this work. <mask> decided to resign as bishop, apply for the vacant chaplaincy at Albany, and carry on this orphanage work himself. As soon as his intention to resign became known in Perth, a large deputation from the Protestant community called on <mask> and persuaded him to withdraw it. In explaining his intentions to his friends <mask> reminded them that "I have no hesitation in saying that a European population disregarding the

masks:
Hale
Hale
Bishop Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale


texts:
 welfare of the natives, whom it has displaced from their country, will not ensure God's blessing and therefore I do hope that the public generally will support the Mission at Albany." In July 1871 <mask> met with his clergy and laity to draw up the constitution for a diocesan synod and the first synod was held in Perth in August 1872. He opened this synod with a significant sermon , Being all things to all men on the responsibilities of both individual Christians and the church in their relationships with the world.Leaving

<mask> was Bishop of Perth until 1875. On 5 April that year he received letters from Bishop Barker of Sydney and Bishop Short of Adelaide asking for his consent to be nominated as second Bishop of Brisbane. He was reluctant to accept this new responsibility, since he was in his mid sixties and looking forward to retirement in a few years time, and did so only on the condition that he had the unanimous support of all the Australian bishops. There was a public farewell to <mask> on 30 October 1875 at which an address from the congregation of St George's Cathedral and members of other Christian communions was read. <mask>'s ministry and influence in Western Australia had not been confined to the Anglican Church but involved active co-operation with other Christian groups in matters of common interest. In particular the Congregationalists commended him for originating and fostering "institutions for promoting the moral and religious welfare of the community" and for his "truly missionary spirit". They were pleased that he was always ready to contend for the truth "as it is in Jesus, ..." They attributed the "truly evangelical and peaceful character of his episcopate to his

masks: Hale Hale Hale Hale


texts: true love for the Bible, the word of God; ... ." They also recognised his "hearty co-operation with others" not belonging to his church, concluding that they united with members of his church and all Protestant fellow colonists, in praying for his future welfare, peace and happiness.The bishop acknowledged each address, thanking "his dear friends" for their very kind words, sometimes suggesting that his own contribution was not as much as stated, other times reminding "his Sons and Daughters in the Lord Jesus Christ" to whom he had ministered, that "... my sole aim in my teaching has been to set forth faithfully and simply the blessed truths which are to be found in God’s Holy Word". He also referred to the "mutual kindness and good will which exists between members of the different religious bodies in this country who hold to those great Scriptural doctrines which were ... brought to light a second time at the period of the Reformation, and which are to us more precious than rubies". In concluding his various replies he asked for their prayers for him in his difficult new task and assured them of his continuing prayers and interest in their affairs. The editors of the local newspapers were lavish in their praise of the departing bishop. The Western Australian Times''' farewell editorial began with the words "We admire great men and give genius its due need of fame, but the good man gains not only our admiration but our hearts ... After outlining <mask>’s many contributions to the life of the colony the editorial concluded with the following commendation of <mask> "He has shown us what a true christian pastor can do, and how the holding of a high and honoured office is not inconsistent

masks: Hale Hale


texts:
 with a brotherly bearing towards all, and that a helping hand and a kind word, go more to make up real christianity, than austere looks, and obstinate theories; and without disparagement of others, we fear we may say that 'take him all in all we’ll never see his like again'." The Perth Inquirer in its valedictory tribute commented "There are few individuals among the more conspicuous leaders of any religious community upon whom suspicion ....... has never breathed its taint. Bishop <mask> is one of those few".<mask> not only left the people of Perth with much goodwill and positive memories of his ministry, he also presented to the church the bishop's house and grounds which were his own private property. The value of these and other money given by him while he was in Western Australia probably totaled nearly £A10,000 - about A$1,000,000 in current (2014) value. Queensland

<mask> received an enthusiastic welcome when he was installed as second Bishop of Brisbane in St John's Pro-Cathedral on 15 December 1875. In his first address to his new flock <mask> made it clear that he had been brought to Queensland to deal with the problem of providing ministry to people in vast areas of country where there were no churches or clergymen. He would be powerless to do anything about it because of his lack of resources; resources, which in the absence of any state aid for religion in the colony, only could come from the freewill offerings of established congregations and individuals. To deal with this lack of resources the General Church Fund was launched at a meeting in Brisbane on the evening of 23 March 1876. It was intended that each congregation in the diocese would contribute to the fund by


texts:
 passing on to the Diocesan Council the money received from weekly offerings on two Sundays every year.At the same time direct contributions were to be solicited from individuals to build up the capital sum. <mask> himself was disappointed that some of the speeches at the meeting did not indicate a sense of "the importance and the gravity of the matter which we met together to discuss". His opinion was supported by the lack of donations received. <mask> toured his region widely. He hoped and devoutly prayed that his visits from place to place would serve to bind Church of England people in the colony more closely together. <mask>'s determined goal was to see the church "act more in concert one with another than we have done". We must realise "that we are all one body, united in our blessed Lord and Master, Jesus Christ, as to one Head, being all members one of another, as members of His body".<mask> felt the concern of the present period of commercial depression, commenting "That which hinders the performance of good works and holds people back from making adequate offerings to God, is very rarely the real inability to give. The hindrance arises in almost all cases from the want of a proper estimate of what is really owing to God, and from the weakness of men’s faith ....... "

Twelve months after <mask> had arrived in Brisbane what had been given to the fund so far was completely inadequate. <mask> felt that this situation indicated that his coming to Brisbane had been a mistake and so in January 1877 he submitted his resignation to Bishop Barker. After intervention by Bishop Barker, the people and churches in Brisbane were shamed into a commitment to support the General Church Fund and

masks: Hale Hale Hale Hale Hale Hale


texts: <mask> withdrew his resignation. Nevertheless, despite <mask>'s generous personal donations, the funds received were never sufficient to meet the needs. At the second General Synod in Sydney in October 1876 <mask> was appointed President of the Executive Council of the Board of Missions (later the Australian Board of Missions). In July 1878, with <mask>'s encouragement, the Brisbane Synod established a Clergy Superannuation and Widows and Orphans Fund, while in the following year, after discussions between <mask> and Bishop Barker, Synod recognised the establishment of the Diocese of North Queensland.In October 1881, as the senior bishop attending, <mask> presided over the third General Synod in Sydney. Subsequently, he was involved in the negotiations which led to the appointment of Alfred Barry as Bishop of Sydney. In April 1884 he welcomed Barry and participated in his installation in Sydney. A mark of <mask>'s ministry in Brisbane as in Perth was his association with members of other Christian churches in causes of common interest. He presided at annual meetings of the local auxiliary of the Bible Society; he addressed a large gathering of Sunday school children in the Brisbane Botanic Gardens in May 1884; he identified himself with the Social Purity Society and its lobbying to change legislation that controlled prostitution; he laid the foundation stones for the Loyal Orange Institution's New Protestant Hall in Ann Street and for the Lutheran Church in Wickham Terrace; he supported the YMCA, having chaired its inaugural meeting in December 1882, and also the work of Temperance societies concerned with the abuse of alcohol, as well as the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to

masks: Hale Hale Hale Hale Hale Hale Hale


texts: Animals. The Bishop was farewelled on 19 March 1885 at a public gathering in the Exhibition Building, Bowen Hills by 700 to 800 people - Church of England, Presbyterian, Wesleyan, Lutheran, Scandinavian, Primitive Methodist, Congregational and Baptist. The Baptist Association in its farewell address had commended him for "true catholicity" and faithfulness to the principles of his own church.<mask> responded "There are in existence here evils of fearful magnitude, .... which are threatening to eat into the very heart of the social and domestic happiness of this community. By making common cause with others, and by working heartily with them, I may have been, I trust, through God’s mercy, able to do at least something towards checking these evils". The Fortitude Valley branch of the Church of England Temperance Society concisely expressed its appraisal of <mask>'s ministry. "Your many acts of unostentatious charity, the ready help which you have always given to the promotion of evangelical religion, the generous sympathy which you have ever displayed in the cause of temperance, and the liberal and consistent spirit of Christianity which has characterised your Episcopate, have greatly endeared you to all classes of men among whom you have diligently laboured".The Toowoomba Chronicle was forthright in its commendation of <mask>'s goodness and openness to cooperation with others and scathing of those Anglicans who refused to follow his example. "That the Church of England has not progressed during the past decade in the same ratio as the population is not the Bishop’s fault. He has had to exercise episcopal functions in a diocese divided against 'itself.' ......The evangelical breadth of the

masks: Hale Hale Hale


texts:
 Bishop has overstrained the unelastic charity of a few of the clergy". The Chronicle's editorial ended with an appreciation of Sabina <mask>'s contribution to social work in the community, referring particularly to her good relationships with all the other ladies she had worked with, both Anglicans and those of "other religious persuasions". Return to England

Bishop <mask> and his wife left Brisbane for Sydney on 27 March 1885. Four days later he handed his resignation letter to the Primate, Bishop Barry. <mask> and his family sailed for England via Colombo in the P&O mail steamer Thames'' on 2 May. After changing ships they arrived in England on 14 July. <mask> lived in retirement at Clifton, Bristol, where he died on 3 April 1895.He was buried in the churchyard at Alderley, Gloucestershire. He was survived by his second wife Sabina, five sons and three daughters. Legacy
2004: The Mathew Hale Public Library was established in Brisbane. 2005: St Matthew's church at Poonindie was reopened after restoration on the 150th anniversary of its completion by <mask> <mask>. 2008: In March a statue of <mask> was erected outside The Cloisters, the building <mask> built to house his school, in central Perth. Notes

References

Sources
 Gourlay, M. R., 2015. The Good Bishop: the story of <mask> <mask>.Mathew Hale Public Library Brisbane & Boolarong Press, Brisbane, Qld. Harris, J., 1994. <mask>, <mask> Blagden. In Dickey, B. (ed), The Australian Dictionary of Evangelical Biography. Evangelical History Association, Sydney, NSW, pp. 144–145.Robin, A. de Q., 1972. <mask>, <mask> Blagden (1811 - 1895), Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 4, MUP, pp 317–319.

masks: Hale Hale Hale Hale Mathew Hale Hale Hale Mathew Hale Hale Mathew Hale Mathew


texts:
 (http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A040359b.htm)
 Robin, A. de Q., 1976. <mask> Blagden <mask>: the life of an Australian pioneer bishop. Hawthorn Press, Melbourne, Vic.. External links

 Matthew Blagden <mask> papers at University of Bristol Library Special Collections

1811 births
1895 deaths
Anglican bishops of Perth
Anglican bishops of Brisbane
Anglican archdeacons in Australia
Staff of Hale School
Settlers of Western Australia
People from Alderley, Gloucestershire
Archdeacons of

masks: Mathew Hale Hale


texts:
<mask> or <mask> (nickname: Archimedes) (25 May 1640, Antwerp – 10 May 1723, Antwerp) was a Flemish Baroque painter, draughtsman, engraver and tapestry designer. He is now mainly known for his landscape paintings, drawings and prints. He had an international career that saw him work in Paris, Rome and Antwerp. Life

<mask> was born on 25 May 1640 in Antwerp as the son of the starch maker <mask> and Cornelia Melis. He studied from age 11 to 15 drawing under Jacques Backereel and later perspective under Nicolaes Fierlants in Antwerp. He decided to leave Antwerp as soon as he had finished his studies. In his compilation of artist biographies called the Schouwburg, the early Dutch biographer Arnold Houbraken devoted a lengthy entry of 10 pages to Genoels.Houbraken described Genoels' foreign travels. In 1659 <mask> travelled with Georg Remees to Amsterdam in order to go to Paris as war prevented them from travelling south over land. While waiting for a boat to Paris, he made a tour of all the kunstkabinetten, or art cabinets. Upon arrival in Paris (via Dieppe), he lived at the home of his cousin Laurent Francken, where he met the painter Francisque Millet who was born in Antwerp. Genoels taught perspective to Millet, 17 and an art student at the time. Genoels soon received a commission for tapestry designs from Gi. de la Noire Tapissier.A series of other commissions soon followed. The court painter (Premier peintre du roi) Charles Le Brun had at the time been put in charge of the Gobelins Manufactory, the royal tapestry works newly created in 1663. Le Brun had hired the Flemish battle painter Adam Frans van der Meulen to design tapestries depicting the French king's military campaigns. Adam Frans van der Meulen attracted a number of Flemish artists, including <mask> and

masks:
Abraham Genoels II
Abraham Genouil
Abraham Genoels
Peter Genoels
Genoels
Genoels


texts:
 Adriaen Frans Boudewijns, to assist him in the design of these tapestries. In 1669–70 <mask> was sent to the southern Netherlands with Boudewijns and Jan van Huchtenburg to draw three views of the chateau of Mariemont to serve as tapestry designs for the Gobelins. The accounts of the Gobelins show that the three artists also received payments for their work on designs for a series of tapestries depicting the 'Months of the Year'. Adriaen Frans Boudewijns engraved numerous works by Genoels.The engraver Gérard Audran taught him engraving while they were both working for Le Brun. Charles Le Brun nominated <mask> as a candidate member of the Académie Royale in Paris. <mask> was accepted in the Académie in 1665. He then received a house and a pension from the French king. <mask> was also paid by the king to collaborate on paintings by Charles Le Brun on the battles of Alexander the Great. Genoels worked for various leading gentlemen of Paris including François Michel Le Tellier and Louis, Grand Condé (for his Château de Chantilly), before returning to Flanders in 1669. Genoels returned in 1669 to Antwerp where he was registered in the local Guild of St Luke 1672.He painted in 1672–73 a painting depicting Minerva and the muses in a landscape for the painters' room of the Antwerp in order to be exempted from all official duties at the Guild for 25 years. Travel to Italy

His desire to visit Rome was fulfilled in 1674 when he had earned enough money to finance this undertaking in a comfortable way. He set off with a group led by Marselis Liberechts, who had already been there and back. The other members of the group included Pieter Verbrugghen II (sculptor), Frans Moens of Middelburg, and a Canon of Liège. Further Albert Clouwet (engraver from Antwerp), <mask> den Heuvel

masks:
Genoels
Genoels
Genoels
Genoels
Abraham van


texts:
 (merchant of Naples), and Soldanio (merchant of Venice). They left Antwerp in September 1674 for Cologne, and after 4–5 days took a boat down the Rhine to Mainz, and from there a market ship along the Rhine to Frankfurt. After a stay of 3 days they took a coach to Augsburg, and from there by horse towards Tirol, passing through Innsbruck, and over the Brenner Pass to Trento.From there they descended out of the Alps along the Brenta to Treviso, and from there went by boat to Venice. They then traveled by boat along the Po to Ferrara, and then went onwards to Bologna. After 4 days they took a horse and wagon to various small cities along the way and finally arrived in Rome. He became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists active in Rome. It was common practice in the Bentvueghels to give each member a nickname, the so-called "bent name". Genoels' bent name was Archimedes. This name was given him because of Genoels' skills in geometry and perspective.<mask> sent Houbraken a copy of his "Bentbrief" which was signed by the witnesses to his membership ceremony. <mask> collaborated in Rome together with the Dutch painter Caspar van Wittel and may even have been his teacher. Return trip
In 1682 he undertook his return homewards to Antwerp. He rolled his paintings up and placed them inside clay models of antiquities and shipped these ahead. Then along with the engraver Laviron of Antwerp, and two French engravers Cavalier and Monier, he left on 25 April 1682 and travelled over Siena, Florence, Pisa, Livorno, Genoa, Nice, to Marseille, and then by mule to Avignon, and then up the Rhône to Lyons, and then up the Saône to Villefranche-sur-Saône. From there by horse over the route de Tarare over the mountains to Roanne on the Loire, and

masks: Genoels Genoels


texts:
 from there by boat to Orléans, and from there to Paris, where he stayed to await his shipment and see old friends. When his ship came in he made a present of a painting to Charles le Brun, and a much larger one to Colbert.After that he left by carriage to Lille, and from there to Tournai and Ghent, arriving on 8 December 1682 in Antwerp, where he still lived when he was in correspondence with Houbraken. He became a member of the Guild of St. Luke there. He had the following pupils: Peeter Beethoven (1689–1690); Gillis Bisschop (1692–1693) and Ferdinandus Goffine (1694–1695). <mask> was very successful and died a rich man. Work

In his lifetime, the paintings of <mask> were very highly regarded but his reputation dwindled after the eighteenth century. This may be the reason why so few of his major works have survived. The surviving paintings are classically structured landscapes with mythological scenes that are classicizing in the style of Nicolas Poussin.His landscape drawings and etchings are still highly regarded. The well-structured compositions often depict Italianate architecture and small, sketchy figures set in a rich landscape. The drawings show determination and fluidity. <mask>'s etchings show a distinctly Italian influence with their landscape owing much to the Roman Campagna, including the architectural ruins that he includes. His prints depict idyllic landscapes and his designs were etched by others, such as Adriaen Frans Boudewijns. His works are in the Italianate style and contrast with the local naturalism of artists who depicted grittier northern landscapes. References

External links

1640 births
1723 deaths
Flemish Baroque painters
Flemish landscape painters
Flemish tapestry artists
Members of the Bentvueghels
Flemish engravers
Painters from

masks: Genoels Genoels Genoels


texts:
<mask> (13 April 1879 – 8 December 1961) was an Italian mathematician. He was the chair of the committee on Fields Medal on 1936, at the first delivery. <mask> was born in Arezzo, Italy. He is famous for his contributions to algebraic geometry and the theory of functions of several complex variables. He became the effective leader of the Italian school of algebraic geometry. Together with Federigo Enriques, he won the Bordin prize from the French Academy of Sciences. He contributed in a major way to birational geometry, the theory of algebraic surfaces, in particular of the curves lying on them, the theory of moduli spaces and the theory of functions of several complex variables.He wrote prolifically, and some of his work (following the intuition-led approach of Federigo Enriques) has subsequently been shown to be not rigorous according to the then new standards set in particular by Oscar Zariski and David Mumford. Although many of his arguments have since been made rigorous, a significant fraction were not only lacking in rigor but also wrong (in contrast to the work of Enriques, which though not rigorous was almost entirely correct). At the personal level, according to  he was easily offended, and he was involved in a number of controversies. Most notably, he was a staunch supporter of the Italian fascist regime of Benito Mussolini and was included on a committee of academics that was to conduct an anti-semitic purge of all scholarly societies and academic institutions. Selected publications
All the mathematical works of <mask>, except all books, are collected in the six volumes of his "Opere Matematiche". , available at Gallica. The paper containing the first proof of Morera's theorem for holomorphic functions of several variables.
.The announce of the solution of the Dirichlet problem for pluriharmonic functions

masks:
Francesco Severi
Severi
Francesco Severi


texts:
 for domains with real analytic boundaries.
. In this paper Severi describes the "passage from real to complex" method he developed in order to deal with several problems in the theory of functions of several complex variables.
. In this work Severi gives his proof of the Hartogs' extension theorem.
. Notes from a course held by <mask> at the Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica (which at present bears his name), containing appendices of Enzo Martinelli, Giovanni Battista Rizza and Mario Benedicty. (available from the "Edizione Nazionale Mathematica Italiana"). His "Mathematical works, Memoirs and Notes": the complete collection, with the exception of books, of <mask>'s scientific contributions. The reprinted works, written in Italian, French, German, retain their original language in an improved typographical form amended from typographical errors and author's oversights: also, a comment of Severi was added to several papers. Volume I collects works published from 1900 to 1908.(available from the "Edizione Nazionale Mathematica Italiana"). His "Mathematical works, Memoirs and Notes": the complete collection, with the exception of books, of <mask>'s scientific contributions. The reprinted works, written in Italian, French, German, retain their original language in an improved typographical form amended from typographical errors and author's oversights: also, a comment of Severi was added to several papers. Volume II collects works published from 1909 to 1917. (available from the "Edizione Nazionale Mathematica Italiana"). His "Mathematical works, Memoirs and Notes": the complete collection, with the exception of books, of <mask>'s scientific contributions. The reprinted works, written in Italian, French, German, retain their original language in an improved typographical form amended from typographical errors and

masks:
Francesco Severi
Francesco Severi
Francesco Severi
Francesco Severi


texts:
 author's oversights: also, a comment of Severi was added to several papers.Volume III collects works published from 1918 to 1932. (available from the "Edizione Nazionale Mathematica Italiana"). His "Mathematical works, Memoirs and Notes": the complete collection, with the exception of books, of <mask>'s scientific contributions. The reprinted works, written in Italian, French, German, retain their original language in an improved typographical form amended from typographical errors and author's oversights: also, a comment of Severi was added to several papers. Volume IV collects works published from 1933 to 1941. (available from the "Edizione Nazionale Mathematica Italiana"). His "Mathematical works, Memoirs and Notes": the complete collection, with the exception of books, of <mask>'s scientific contributions.The reprinted works, written in Italian, French, German, retain their original language in an improved typographical form amended from typographical errors and author's oversights: also, a comment of Severi was added to several papers. Volume V collects works published from 1942 to 1948. (available from the "Edizione Nazionale Mathematica Italiana"). His "Mathematical works, Memoirs and Notes": the complete collection, with the exception of books, of <mask>'s scientific contributions. The reprinted works, written in Italian, French, German, retain their original language in an improved typographical form amended from typographical errors and author's oversights: also, a comment of Severi was added to several papers. Volume VI collects works published from 1949 to 1961. Articles on Scientia
  Ipotesi e realta nelle scienze geometriche, Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 8, 1910, pp.1–29
  Esame delle obiezioni d'ordine generale contro la relatività del tempo, Scientia: rivista

masks:
Francesco Severi
Francesco Severi
Francesco Severi


texts:
 internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 37, 1925, pp. 77–86
  Elementi logici e psicologici dei principi di relatività, Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 37, 1925, pp. 1–10
  Materia e causalità, energia e indeterminazione, Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 81, 1947, pp. 49–59
  Leonardo e la matematica, Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 88, 1953, pp. 41–44
  I fondamenti logici della relatività, Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 90, 1955, pp. 277–282
  La matematica nella prima metà del secolo XX, Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 92, 1957, pp. 20–26

Reviews
  Albert Einstein, L'ether et la theorie de la relativité, Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 91, 1956, pp.42–43
  Eric Temple Bell, Les mathematiques reines et servantes des sciences, Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 90, 1955, pp. 371–372
  Nikolaus Von Cues, Die Mathematische Schriften, Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 89, 1954, pp. 34–34
  Ludovico Geymonat, Saggi di Filosofia neorazionalista, Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 89, 1954, pp. 176–176
  Norbert Wiener, Introduzione alla cibernetica, Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 88, 1953, pp. 312–313
  Eric Temple Bell, I grandi Matematici, Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 86, 1951, pp. 183–184
  Richard Courant e Herbert Robbins, Che cos'è la matematica?, Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 86, 1951, pp. 278–279
  Gottlob Frege, Aritmetica e Logica, Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 84, 1949, pp.144–144

See also
Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica <mask>i
Italian school of algebraic geometry
Morera's


texts:
 theorem
Néron–Severi group
Pluriharmonic function
Several complex variables
Severi–Brauer variety

References

Biographical and general references
. The "Yearbook" of the renowned Italian scientific institution, including an historical sketch of its history, the list of all past and present members as well as a wealth of information about its academic and scientific activities. .
.
.
.
, available at Gallica. A detailed description of the Bordin prize winning work of <mask> and Federigo Enriques.
.
.
. A report of the fourth International Congress of Mathematicians with a short exposition of the motivation for the awarding of the Guccia medal to Severi.
. The relation by Max Noether, Henri Poincaré and Corrado Segre on the motivation for the awarding of the Guccia medal to Severi, read during the fourth International Congress of Mathematicians. .
.
.
. A description of the scientific work done under the direction of <mask> at the "Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica during the early forties of the twentieth century, by one of his former doctoral students. Scientific references
.The "Proceedings of the mathematical conference for the celebration of the centenary of the birth of Guido Fubini and <mask>",  including several research as well as historical papers describing the contributions of Guido Fubini and Fracesco <mask> to various branches of pure and applied mathematics: the conference was held on 8–10 October 1979 at the Accademia delle Scienze di Torino.
. In the paper "The contributions of Guido Fubini and <mask> to the theory of functions of several complex variables" (English translation of the title), Gaetano Fichera describes the main contributions of the two scientists to the Cauchy and the Dirichlet problem for holomorphic functions of several complex variables, as well as the impact of their work on

masks:
Francesco Severi
Severi
Francesco Severi
Severi
Francesco Severi


texts:
 subsequent researches.
. "The Severi and Severi–Kneser theorems for analytic functions of several complex variables and their further developments" (English translation of the title) is an historical survey paper on the Cauchy and the Dirichlet problem for holomorphic functions of several complex variables, updating the earlier work .
. This paper, included in the Proceedings of the Study Meeting in Memory of Giuseppe Gemignani, is an account of the failures of Vito Volterra, Leonida Tonelli and <mask>i, when dealing with particular research problems during their career. An English translation of the title reads as:-"Three battles lost by three great Italian mathematicians".
. In the paper "The thought of Einstein in the work of Guido Fubini and <mask>" (English translation of the title), Dionigi Galletto describes the main contributions of the two scientists to special and general relativity.
. In this paper, R. Michael Range corrects some inexact historical statements in the theory of holomorphic functions of several variables, particularly concerning contributions of Gaetano Fichera and Francesco Severi.
. An historical paper exploring further the same topic previously dealt in the paper  by the same author. External links

: a very short biography of Severi, with a complete bibliography of his works, available at the "Geometria algebrica italiana (Italian algebraic geometry)" web site.Contains also 12 further references. : a short résumé of his life available at the "".
. Available from the Edizione Nazionale Mathematica Italiana.
. The web site of the institute <mask> founded.
.

1879 births
1961 deaths
20th-century Italian mathematicians
20th-century Roman Catholics
Algebraic geometers
Italian algebraic geometers
Complex analysts
Mathematical analysts
Members of the Royal Academy of Italy
Members of the

masks:
Francesco Sever
Francesco Severi
Francesco Severi


texts:
<mask> (born July 10, 1972 in Puebla, Mexico) is an economist from Universidad de las Americas Puebla (UDLA-P), with a master's degree in Engineering-Economic Systems and Operations Research from Stanford University. <mask> is currently a Portfolio Manager for Emerging Markets at BlackRock. Prior to joining BlackRock he spent more than 14 years at the Mexican Ministry of Finance and Public Credit where he served most recently as Undersecretary of Finance and Public Credit from January 2011 to November 2012. Education

He was awarded a bachelor's degree in Economics from Universidad de las Américas-Puebla and a Master´s degree in Engineering-Economic Systems and Operations Research from Stanford University, in the United States. A sports enthusiast, he was granted a sports scholarship from his alma mater between 1991 and 1996 for being a member of the varsity basketball team. Professional career
<mask> joined BlackRock in 2013 as a Managing Director in the Emerging Markets group. He is currently a Portfolio Manager with broad responsibilities including the Total Emerging Markets Fund.<mask> is also regularly engaged in the production of though leadership content on Emerging Markets at BlackRock. Prior to joining BlackRock <mask> spent more than 14 years at the Mexican Ministry of Finance where he held several positions in areas related to public debt policy, risk management and financial system development. In the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit he worked from 2001 to 2004 as Deputy General Director for domestic debt, where he was responsible for the Federal Government financing in the local market as well as the promotion and development of the long term government bond market in local currency. From January 2005 to January 2011 he served, within the same Ministry, as Head of the Public Credit Unit, after being ratified by Congress. During his tenure, he was responsible for the Federal Government’s financing operations in the international and local markets, and of authorizing the financing for public entities. He also was in charge of activities related with the development of infrastructure projects, especially through the National Infrastructure Fund. Since its creation in 2008, the National Infrastructure Fund has supported more than 90 projects; this represents more than 7,800

masks:
Gerardo Rodriguez Regordosa
Gerardo
Gerardo Rodriguez
Gerardo
Gerardo


texts:
 million dollars to help finance new roads, water treatment plants, mass urban transport solutions, and other sectors, that would thereby detonate investments worth more than 17,450 million dollars.During his tenure as Head of the Public Credit Unit, the program cetesdirecto was designed and launched as part of the strategy to promote savings and investment for small investors, allowing them to buy and sell government bonds in small quantities. During this period, Mexico’s public debt management achievements received several awards and distinctions:

Euromoney magazine 2006: awarded Mexico deal of the year for the issuance of 3 Warrant series that allowed the exchange of 2,500 million dollars. LatinFinance magazine 2007: awarded Mexico the “Best Sovereign Issuer” for both liability management transactions during the year, which allowed the Mexican government to extend the term and duration of external debt and improve the composition of Mexico´s debt portfolio, swapping foreign for internal debt. Euromoney magazine 2008: awarded Mexico with the “Emerging Market Sovereign Deal of the Year” for the issuance of the “Bono UMS 2019” bond worth 2,000 million dollars at a 5.95% rate during the financial crisis, as this bond marked the reopening of the dollar market to emerging economies. In addition, Emerging Markets publication awarded the Latin America 2008 Best Deal prize. Futures and Options World magazine 2009: awarded the Mexican Government the Most Innovative or Creative use of Derivatives award for oil coverage made to ensure budget revenues to 2009. The International Finance Review (IFR) 2010: awarded the prize to the best bonus in Yen denomination to the guaranteed bond by the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) in December 2009.This bond represented Mexico´s return to the Japanese market and was the largest debt transaction carried out with a guarantee of JBIC. Euromoney magazine awarded: the Yen bond issue maturing in 2020 with the “Japan Deal of the Year” prize, as the second issue with JBIC guarantee, reinforcing the Government´s commitment to maintain presence in the Japanese market and diversify its stockholders base. October 2010, the Federal Government issued a 100 years bond, reaching the highest amount on record for that kind of transaction and also to Mexico


texts:
 becoming the first Latin American country to perform a transaction at this maturity date and the second sovereign issuer to do so. 2010 peso-denominated fixed rate bonds were incorporated to the World Government Bond Index (WGBI): this made Mexico the first Latin American country to form part of the index. With this, Mexico joined a select group of 23 countries. Tenure as Undersecretary of Finance and Public Credit

On January 19, 2011 <mask> took office as Undersecretary of Finance and Public Credit, position to which he was appointed by President Felipe Calderón Hinojosa and ratified by Congress. His primary roles as Undersecretary of Finance were the development, coordination and implementation of Mexico´s main macroeconomic and financial policies.Among such policies were the following: the federal government´s fiscal, exchange rate, financial and economic policy; the development of optimal strategies for the issuances of public debt; the design and execution of the development banking policies; the monitoring and regulation of the financial system; the proper functioning and evolution of the retirement saving system; the modeling and implementation of the infrastructure investment policy; and Mexico´s relationship with international financial organizations, as well as the country’s participation in international financial forums. He was also member of the board of several government entities, such as the Central Bank; Petróleos Mexicanos, Nacional Financiera, the National Bank of Foreign Trade, the National Bank of Public Works and Services, the National Banking Commission, the National Commission of Insurance, the National Commission of the Retirement Savings System and the Mexican Mint. During his tenure as Undersecretary, the Mexican Government undertook successfully the following actions: the implementation of an oil price hedging mechanism to guarantee public sector revenues, the acquisition of catastrophic risk insurance to protect public infrastructure against natural disasters, and the adoption of the national financial inclusion policy, among others. Moreover, <mask> Rodríguez had a prominent role in the design and approval process in Congress of several structural reforms, such as the new Public-Private Partnership Law for infrastructure projects, the reform to the

masks: Gerardo Gerardo