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 men—Shackleton, Crean, and Worsley—were decided to trek  across the island's glaciated surface, in a hazardous 36-hour journey to the nearest manned whaling station.This trek was the first recorded crossing of the mountainous island, completed without tents, sleeping bags, or map—their only mountaineering equipment was a carpenter's adze, a length of alpine rope, and screws from the James Caird hammered through their boots to serve as crampons. They arrived at the whaling station at Stromness, tired and dirty, hair long and matted, faces blackened by months of cooking by blubber stoves—"the world's dirtiest men", according to Worsley. They quickly organized a boat to pick up the three on the other side of South Georgia, but thereafter it took Shackleton three months and four attempts by ship to rescue the other 22 men still on Elephant Island. Later life
After returning to Britain in November 1916, Crean resumed naval duties. On 15 December 1916 he was promoted to the rank of warrant officer (as a boatswain), in recognition of his service on the Endurance, and was awarded his third Polar Medal. A month later, in April, he was granted a licence for the sale and consumption of alcohol from his dwelling house, a premises he had purchased in 1916. The business was left in the care of family while he served out his time in the Royal Navy.On 5 September 1917, Crean married Ellen Herlihy of Annascaul. In early 1920, Shackleton was organising another Antarctic expedition, later to be known as the Shackleton-Rowett Expedition. He invited Crean to join him, along with other officers from the Endurance. By this time, however, Crean's second daughter had arrived, and he had plans to open a business following his naval career. He turned down Shackleton's invitation. On his last naval assignment, with , Crean suffered a bad fall which


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 caused lasting effects to his vision. As a result, he was retired on medical grounds on 24 March 1920.He and Ellen opened a small public house in Annascaul, which he called the South Pole Inn. The couple had three daughters, Mary, Kate, and Eileen, although Kate died when she was three years old. Throughout his life, Crean remained an extremely modest man. When he returned to Kerry, he put all of his medals away and never again spoke about his experiences in the Antarctic. There is no reliable evidence of Crean giving any interviews to the press. Smith speculates that this may have been because Kerry was a hotbed of Irish nationalism and later Irish republicanism, and, along with County Cork, a centre of violence. The Crean family were once subject to a Black and Tan raid during the Irish War of Independence.Their inn was ransacked until the raiders happened across Crean's framed photo in Royal Navy dress uniform and medals. They then left his inn. On 13 April 1920, <mask> was present among crowds gathered in Tralee to protest against the treatment of republican prisoners who had gone on a hunger strike in Mountjoy jail. Crean's older brother was <mask>, a sergeant in the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC). Cornelius was based in County Cork, where he served with the RIC during the War of Independence. Sgt. Crean was killed during an IRA ambush near Upton on 25 April 1920.In 1938, Crean became ill with a burst appendix. He was taken to the nearest hospital in Tralee, but as no surgeon was available, he was transferred to the Bon Secours Hospital in Cork, where his appendix was removed. Because the operation had been delayed, an infection developed, and after a week in the hospital he died on 27 July 1938. He was buried in his family's tomb at the cemetery in Ballynacourty, Corkaguiney, County Kerry. Legacy
 Mount Crean  in

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 Victoria Land, Antarctica and Mount Crean  in Greenland
 Crean Glacier on South Georgia. Crean Lake on South Georgia. An eight-part 1985 television series, The Last Place on Earth, told the story of Scott's expedition to the South Pole.Hugh Grant and Max von Sydow starred with Irish actor Daragh O'Malley, who portrayed <mask>n. A one-man play, <mask> – Antarctic Explorer, has been widely performed since 2001 by author Aidan Dooley, including a special showing at the South Pole Inn, Annascaul, in October 2001. Present were Crean's daughters, Eileen and Mary, both in their 80s. Apparently he never told them stories of his exploits; according to Eileen: "He put his medals and his sword in a box ... and that was that. He was a very humble man". In July 2003, a bronze statue of Crean was unveiled across from his pub in Annascaul. It depicts him leaning against a crate whilst holding a pair of hiking poles in one hand and two of his beloved sled dog pups in the other.Until its closure in 2017, the Dingle Brewing Company produced 'Tom Crean Lager', named in his honour. In 2016, Crean's granddaughter, Aileen <mask> O’Brien, launched 'Expedition Ale' in partnership with Torc Breweries
In February 2021 it was announced that a new research vessel being commissioned by the Irish government's Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine would be named 'RV <mask>', in Crean's honour. Notes

References

Further reading

External links
 "Crean and Shackleton Antarctic Commemorative Coins Issued by Ireland" Accessed 9 October 2008. 1877 births
1938 deaths
20th-century explorers
20th-century Irish people
Explorers of Antarctica
Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
Irish Antarctic explorers
Irish explorers
People from County Kerry
Recipients of the Albert Medal (lifesaving)
Recipients of the Polar Medal
Royal Navy officers of World War

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<mask> or Elisabet Timothee  (circa 1700 – April 1757) was a colonial American printer and newspaper publisher in the colony of South Carolina. <mask> was a French Huguenot Dutch immigrant that came to colonial America with her family. She was the first American woman to become a newspaper publisher and also the first to hold a franchise in America. <mask> reported on the 1740 Charleston fire that destroyed a major portion of the town. She published government documents and other materials for the colonial United States, and worked for Benjamin Franklin. Early life

<mask> (maiden name <mask> or Elisabet Vilain) was born in the Netherlands about 1700. She received her formal schooling in her home town in Holland, which included accounting.She married <mask> (French: "Louys Timothee" or "Louis Timothee") early in the eighteenth century. The <mask> family traveled with other French Huguenots in 1731 from Rotterdam to Philadelphia on the ocean liner Britannia of London. The <mask> family included four children ranging in age from one to six. Their sons were Peter, Louis and Charles, and their daughter was Mary. Mid life
<mask>'s husband arranged with Benjamin Franklin to revive the South Carolina Gazette weekly newspaper on a six-year franchise contract, dated 26 November 1733. He went to Charleston, by himself initially, in the latter part of 1733. He started publishing the newspaper on 2 February 1734.<mask> followed later from Philadelphia after she settled the family accounts, and went to Charleston in the spring of 1734. She came to Charleston with her six children, four of whom had been born in the Netherlands. <mask>'s history of becoming a newspaper publisher in America is interwoven with her husband's career. <mask>'s husband died on 30 December 1738 of yellow fever, referred to by the <mask> family as an unfortunate incident. The remaining term on the agreement with Franklin motivated <mask> to become his

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 apprentice and partner. She carried on her late husband's work to fulfill the one year remaining on the Franklin franchise agreement. <mask>'s elder son, <mask>, carried on the newspaper business in name only.Peter was only fourteen years old when was named as taking over his father's printing business, which he was entitled to receive per the <mask> agreement of 1733. Since he was just a child in 1738 and too immature to run a business, it was managed by <mask>, Peter's mother. She published the South-Carolina Gazette weekly starting on 4 January 1739. The masthead said that it was published and printed by <mask>, but it actually was controlled and managed by his mother. She managed the business so successfully (with carefulness and integrity noted by Franklin) that one year later she purchased his interest to own it all herself. This then made her the first female editor and publisher of a newspaper in America. <mask>, with the aid of Peter, increased the quality of the newspaper over the long term, in the views of the readers of the South-Carolina Gazette.Her newspaper was broad-based, with dramas, poetry, and literary classics. <mask> printed European news from London, Paris, and Constantinople. An important part of her newspaper, highly valued by many readers, was the advertisements. They offered local commodity goods as well as books and stationery supplies. Many times she dedicated at least a full page of her four-page newspaper to advertising. Charleston fire
<mask>'s biggest news story was that of the fire in Charleston on 18 November 1740. She reported two days later that it had destroyed a major portion of the town, including the most valuable commercial buildings and their merchandise worth more than 200,000 pounds sterling.She reported that two-thirds of the town was destroyed, including more than 300 houses. In her paper, it was reported that the wind carried sparks far set more houses. She credited the

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 diligent citizens of Charleston for their great efforts to extinguish the fire. Her newspaper delivered a proclamation that citizens should render quick and efficient help in extinguishing future fires, and should give back stolen items. In subsequent newspaper issues she published business relocations with notices that their customers would be taken care of as usual. She also printed appeals for help in finding lost commodities and assets. Franklin praised <mask>, saying she was a better business manager and accountant than her late husband had been.He remarked in his Autobiography that while her husband was an educated man and honest, he was ignorant in matters of accounting. He noted that in the Netherlands it was part of the female education to get trained in accounting. Additionally, Franklin commended her for having brought up honest and hard working children. Historian Isaiah Thomas suggests (as Franklin contemporaneously concurred) that her good business sense could be attributed to the high level of education she had acquired in the Netherlands. <mask> took over her husband's position as the official public printer for the colony of South Carolina. She printed acts, laws, and events for the Assembly of the colony of South Carolina. In addition to printing the South-Carolina Gazette and government documents, as her late husband had, she printed sermons and religious materials.She also published some 20 historical books and pamphlets between 1739 and 1745. The description of "Printed by <mask>" appeared on each of the publications; however, she made most of the business decisions. <mask> was also the postmaster for Charles Towne, South Carolina, delivering letters, packages, and newspapers. Career change
After adulthood, <mask>'s son Peter took over the complete printing business on King Street in 1746, <mask> opened a bookstore next door. She carried books, stationery, and writing supplies, such as ink, powder,

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 and quills. She also carried tallow, beer, and flour. In a Gazette advertisement of October 1746, she said she sold pocket Bibles, spellers, and primers.She also sold full books by well known authors and Franklin's works, including Poor Richard's Almanack. <mask> ran her bookstore and stationery shop for a year and then decided to leave Charleston. Prior to leaving, <mask> advertised in the South-Carolina Gazette that she was leaving the area and wished for people to pay up on debts owed her. She went to a new area for a time and later returned to Charleston in 1756. Death and will
<mask> wrote her will on 2 April 1757 and died within the month. An inventory listed among her personal effects a "parcel of books" that included two French Bibles. The list also showed a marble-covered sideboard, two old desks, some other furniture, six small items of jewelry, 38 ounces of old silver, some pewter articles, china, and fireplace tools.The total value was set at £25. Her will stipulated that her widowed daughter <mask> Bourquin was to receive a certain small tract of land, a house on King Street, two slaves, and half her clothing and furniture. Her married daughters Catherine Trezevant and Louisa Richards were to receive a house, three slaves, and the remainder of the estate. Personal life and legacy
<mask> belonged to the Charles Towne Library Society, her son Peter being one of the founders. She and her family belonged to the St. Philip's Anglican Church in Charleston, South Carolina. Historians record that <mask>'s husband was accidentally killed in December 1738. <mask> was pregnant with her seventh child (third American) in 1739, but the child was premature and died.She also lost two sons in 1739 to yellow fever. At the time of <mask>'s death in 1757 she was survived by her son Peter, who had married Ann Donovan, and by her three daughters: <mask>, married to Abraham Bowquin; Catherine, married to Theodore Trezevant; and

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 Louisa, married to James Richards. After her death, <mask> was inducted into both the South Carolina Press Association Hall of Fame (1973) and the South Carolina Business Hall of Fame (2000). A plaque is at the Vendue Range in Charleston describing her role in journalism. <mask> was the first known female in American journalism, according to historian A.S. Sallev. The fact that <mask> took over her husband's business of publishing the South-Carolina Gazette newspaper from a franchisee agreement he had with Franklin made her the first female franchisee in America as well. Works
The South Carolina Gazette newspaper below of 4 January 1739 is an example of a work attributed to <mask>.She also published colonial laws, bank notes, broadsides, and stationary and established a bookstore. The bottom of the right corner of the third page has the obituary of <mask>'s husband. Franklin reprinted many of <mask>'s articles, as did the Gentlemen's Magazine in England. She continued to publish the Gazette newspaper for 19 years after her husband's death. Her son Peter inherited the business and ran the enterprise for many years. See also

 List of early American publishers and printers
 List of women printers and publishers before 1800
 Alexander Purdie (publisher)
 William Hunter (publisher)
 William Parks (publisher)
 Joseph Royle (publisher)
 Isaac Collins (printer)
 David Hall (publisher)
 John Holt (publisher)

References

Bibliography

External links

 <mask> historical marker

18th-century American newspaper publishers (people)
American printers
South Carolina postmasters
Businesspeople from Charleston, South Carolina
1702 births
1757 deaths
Dutch emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies
South Carolina colonial people
Burials in South Carolina
18th-century American businesswomen
18th-century American businesspeople
Colonial American women
American women journalists
History of women in the United States
Women printers
Colonial

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<mask> (born 29 May 1946)) is a convicted child murderer and suspected serial killer from Adelaide, South Australia. An accountant by profession, he was convicted in 1984 for the murder of 15-year-old Adelaide teenager Richard Kelvin, the son of local television and radio personality Rob Kelvin. <mask> is serving life imprisonment. He was in G Block of Yatala Prison for decades but was transferred to Port Augusta Prison in the north of the state in 2007. Early public image
<mask> first came to attention on the night of 10 May 1972 when two gay men were thrown into the River Torrens by a group of men believed to be police officers. The river bank was a popular beat where gay men would meet covertly, as homosexual acts were illegal in South Australia at that time. One of the men, Dr. George Duncan, a British lecturer in law who had arrived in Australia only seven weeks before, was drowned.The other, Roger James, suffered a broken leg and after crawling to the road was rescued by <mask>, who was driving past. <mask> then took James to Royal Adelaide Hospital, where he recovered from his injuries. Criminal history

Murder of Richard Kelvin
Richard Dallas Kelvin (1 December 1967 – c. 10 July 1983), was the son of Rob Kelvin, a long-time television news presenter for Adelaide station NWS 9. Kelvin was murdered by <mask> on or around 10 July 1983 in Adelaide, South Australia after having been abducted, held captive, sexually abused, drugged and tortured for five weeks. Kelvin was 15 years old at the time of his death. At approximately 6:15pm on 5 June 1983, <mask> (likely along with other unknown persons) abducted Kelvin near the intersection of Margaret Street & Peppertree Lane, North Adelaide, and was just 60 metres from Kelvin's home around the corner in Ward Street. Kelvin had just seen off a friend at a nearby bus stop on the corner of O'Connell and Marian Streets, North Adelaide after they had earlier that afternoon played football in a nearby park and was expected to return home immediately for dinner.A witness, a security guard living in

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texts: Margaret Street, had heard cries for help, car doors slamming, and a car with a noisy exhaust speeding away. Kelvin also had a dog collar in his possession which may have attracted <mask>'s attention. Despite a wide-ranging search by police, extensive media coverage that included a full page missing person poster in The Advertiser on 28 June (that unfortunately had contained a false lead given by the public to police), a $5,000 reward offered by the State Government two days after his disappearance (quickly raised to $15,000 a week later) and numerous tips and possible sightings provided by the public in the weeks after, Kelvin's whereabouts were unknown until his clothed body was found seven weeks later by a geologist searching for moss rocks with his family on 24 July 1983 alongside a dirt airstrip near One Tree Hill in the Adelaide Hills area (to the north-east of the city and close to where relatives of <mask> lived). Little effort was put into concealing Kelvin's body; he was found wearing the same Channel 9 shirt, blue jeans and white Adidas sneakers which he wore on the day of his abduction, together with the dog collar fitted around his neck. His body had been washed prior to being re-dressed and was found placed in the fetal position, with his legs bent towards his chest and his head forwards and his arms wrapped around his legs. This made police suspect that Kelvin had been dumped by a single person, most likely after nightfall in order to avoid detection. The autopsy revealed that Kelvin had most likely died from massive blood loss from an anal injury, probably caused by the insertion of a blunt object with a tapered neck, such as a beer bottle, and that he had suffered bruising and injuries from blows to his head, to the left side of his back and also to his right buttock as well as a fractured front tooth which occurred either just before or just after death.Analysis of Kelvin's bloodstream revealed traces of alcohol and five hypnotic drugs, Mandrax, Noctec, Amytal, Valium and Rohypnol. With Mandrax being regulated by the Central

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 Board of Health in 1978 stocks for it in Australia had declined somewhat by 1983 and police began sifting through prescriptions for that drug in particular. During their search they found a prescription for Mandrax issued to a 'B<mask> <mask>', a name familiar to police as he had been questioned previously over the deaths of three young men and the alleged sexual assault of another. Four days after Richard Kelvin's body was discovered, <mask> was questioned by the police about the murder. He initially claimed that he had not seen Kelvin and had no knowledge of his whereabouts and stated that on the night of abduction he had been in bed with the flu and was off work for the next week. Police also searched his home in the northern Adelaide suburb of Paradise, and seized a bottle of Mandrax.<mask> admitted that the drugs were his and said that he used them to help him sleep. He denied having any other drugs in his possession, but police also seized a bottle of Noctec, concealed on a ledge behind his wardrobe. <mask> also allowed police to take hair and blood samples, as well as carpets and other materials for testing. There were three major factors in <mask>'s initial questioning that led police to become increasingly suspicious that they had found their prime suspect:

 When police knocked on <mask>'s door and enquired about whether they could ask him a few questions, his immediate reaction was to say that he would not answer anything without speaking to his lawyer first. This made police suspect that he had something to hide. When questioned about the Kelvin murder, rather than profusely denying any involvement, <mask> simply said that he would not do such a thing because it would be "unethical". This came across as a strange thing for an innocent person to say.When asked about drugs, <mask> did admit he had Mandrax. He was asked if he kept any other drugs in his possession, and he said no. However, the police then found the bottle of Noctec and <mask> immediately became nervous and told police that he "rarely used those drugs". As <mask> went

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texts: on holiday to the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom during August and September 1983, the case against him began to mount up. Forensic investigators were able to match the many fibres found on Kelvin's clothing to those taken from <mask>'s home, along with hairs found which matched those belonging to him. Forensics also determined that Kelvin was murdered between 8 July and 11 July 1983 and was dumped at the airstrip no later than the 11th. However, police raids on various locations around Adelaide linked to <mask> and his associates yielded few clues.Police also searched for a man who had previously claimed to police during the investigation of the unsolved murder of Alan Barnes in 1979 that <mask> had been involved in his death and also that he was a former associate of <mask>. Barnes's fatal injuries mirrored those of Kelvin closely. The man, known as "Mr. B", was located and informed police in great detail how he and <mask>em had picked up young male hitchhikers, had given them alcoholic drinks laced with hypnotic drugs, and had taken them to <mask>'s previous home in the Adelaide suburb of Campbelltown, where the young men had been abused overnight and released the next day. "Mr B" also provided further information about other associates of <mask>, but claimed he took no part whatsoever in any murders. Police also questioned other people whom <mask> had associated with, but they volunteered little information. With enough evidence, along with the information given by "Mr B", to indicate that Kelvin was at <mask>'s home around the time of his death, police arrested and charged <mask> with murder on 3 November 1983. <mask> still denied ever coming into contact with Kelvin. The committal hearing to determine if there was sufficient evidence for <mask> to stand trial for murder began on 20 February 1984.Faced with irrefutable evidence from prosecutors that Kelvin had been in his company, <mask> suddenly changed his story to answer that evidence and admitted that he had been in contact with Kelvin on the night of 5 June 1983. <mask> said

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 that he was driving along O'Connell Street in North Adelaide looking for a parking spot in order to buy some fish and chips for dinner. While looking for a parking spot in a side street, <mask> said that he had nearly run over Kelvin as he jogged in from his side. <mask> stated he thought Kelvin had bisexual tendencies and said that the two of them then had a conversation about problems Kelvin had been having at school, and Kelvin willingly got into the car and they drove to <mask>'s home. This answered the question of how fibres from <mask>'s carpet had got onto Kelvin's clothes. To answer evidence about how fibres from <mask>'s bed had come to be on Kelvin's clothes, <mask> stated that the two of them had sat on his bed and played with the large gold harp which he kept in his bedroom. Police previously did see this harp in his room when they seized the drugs. Finally, to answer evidence about how fibres from <mask>'s cardigan had got onto Kelvin, <mask> stated that he had put his arm around Kelvin and hugged him because Kelvin was upset about how his peers had been bullying him at school.With all the fibres being accounted for with his new story, <mask> concluded his statement by saying that Kelvin had stayed for two hours before <mask> dropped him off in the Adelaide CBD near the Royal Adelaide Hospital and gave Kelvin $20 to pay for a taxi home. Despite the intricate details of <mask>'s alibi and his version of events, his story had two huge problems. It completely contradicted his initial statement of his whereabouts on 5 June 1983, when he said he had been in bed with the flu. Furthermore, the quantity of fibres on Kelvin's clothes was far too large to suggest that Kelvin was in his company for only two hours. Given these facts, on 25 May 1984, Magistrate Nick Manos ordered <mask> to stand trial for the murder of Kelvin. The trial
The trial against <mask> for the murder of Kelvin opened at the Supreme Court Building of South Australia on 15 October 1984 before Mr. Justice White. A jury of 12 people (seven women and five men) was

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texts: selected and agreed upon by the prosecution and defence.<mask> pleaded not guilty; his defence was led by barrister Barry Jennings, who was assisted by Helena Jasinski, who had been <mask>'s solicitor from the start of the police investigation of him in the murder during the previous year. The prosecution was led by Brian Martin QC (later the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory), with assistance from Paul Rofe QC (who went on to be Director of the Department of Public Prosecutions). For the prosecution, it was a matter of proving <mask>'s guilt (along with that of unknown persons) by presenting the strong scientific evidence that had been gathered during the investigation, and disproving <mask>'s story of being in contact with Kelvin on the night of 5 June 1983. For the defence, it was a case of trying to make <mask>'s story hold up in court, and raising doubts about his ability to keep Kelvin captive for five weeks and committing the murder. The prosecution opened their case with the jury being taken to the various sites around Adelaide that were important in the trial, and over the first week they called various witnesses to the stand. Kelvin's parents, girlfriend and best friend were called to testify that Kelvin was an average 15-year-old who would not willingly get into a car with a stranger, was heterosexual with no homosexual or bisexual tendencies, and that he had been wearing the dog collar as a joke. People living close to the Kelvins then testified that they had heard noises and commotion corresponding to the abduction taking place on the night of 5 June at around 6pm.Forensic pathologists were called to testify about the injuries to Kelvin's head and anus, and the likely cause of his death, and pharmacists gave evidence of the excessive amount of different hypnotic drugs which <mask> had been prescribed (5872 tablets and capsules of six different brands of drugs between 15 December 1978 and 10 August 1983), and showed that <mask> had often had prescriptions for drugs issued from three different chemists on

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texts: the same day or during the same weeks. Various police officers who worked on the case testified to their investigation of <mask> since they had first questioned him about the murder, as well as their visit to <mask>'s home, where a police officer claimed that <mask>'s bedroom appeared to have been cleaned "extensively". Forensic scientists were called next to give evidence first on when Kelvin had died and when his body had been dumped in the Adelaide Hills area, and a leading entomologist claimed, from the larvae cycle of flies that were on the body, and comparing these to the larvae cycle of flies on a dead dog that was nearby, that Kelvin's body must have been dumped beside the airstrip near Kersbrook on 10 July 1983. Other forensic scientists were called to testify about the hair and fibre samples collected that were linked to <mask> himself and his home. Hairs from <mask> were found on and inside Kelvin's clothing and of 925 fibre samples found on Kelvin's clothing, 250 came from <mask>'s home environment, with just seven from Kelvin's home. The scientists stated that if <mask>'s story was true, then there should be a very small amount or even none of the fibres and hair samples from that night still on Kelvin's clothing some 36 hours later, let alone five weeks later. Faced with such damning scientific evidence, the defence tried to counter this during cross-examination by floating a possible theory that after <mask>em's last contact with Kelvin, he had been abducted by other people, who had stored his clothing for five weeks before murdering him and re-dressing him.While the forensic scientists conceded that this was a possible scenario, under renewed cross-examination by the prosecution, they conceded that it would be still unlikely given the whole science of how fibres and hair are transferred from surface to surface over time. The prosecution then rested its case. The defence opted for <mask> to give an unsworn statement from the dock, rather than give sworn evidence from the witness box. In his unsworn statement, <mask> detailed

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texts: his alibi with what he claimed happened between 5 June and 11 July 1983. He again claimed that on 5 June he had picked up Kelvin in North Adelaide, had driven him to his home, and later had dropped him off in the Adelaide CBD. He also claimed that he was sick with the flu for the next week after that and did not return to work until 14 June. <mask> was quite sketchy on his activities after that, however he did remember what he did on 10 July, the day the body was dumped on the airstrip.He said that he was at a relative's birthday party with his mother for most of that evening, and after dropping off a friend on the way home, had gone straight to bed and then to work the next day. He also addressed the issue of the noisy exhaust on the car heard during the abduction of Kelvin, by stating that the exhaust on his Ford Falcon (which <mask> had sold on 16 July 1983, purportedly to raise money for his overseas trip) was less than two years old and in good condition. He closed his unsworn statement by again claiming his innocence. The defence then called various witnesses in an attempt to corroborate <mask>'s story. The witnesses included colleagues and friends who testified to him being unwell and at home during the first week of Kelvin's captivity. Also testifying for the defence was the bushwalker, who while walking his dogs through the airstrip had discovered Kelvin's body on 24 July. The purchaser of <mask>'s Ford Falcon detailed the condition of the car, and the relative who hosted the birthday party on 10 July stated that <mask> and his mother had arrived there at 5:30pm and left at 10:30pm.Photographs of <mask> at the party were also tendered to the court. Finally, the defence called <mask>'s mother to testify about her son's activities over the weekend upon which Kelvin was kidnapped. Under cross-examination, the prosecution were able to show inconsistencies in her current testimony compared to her earlier statements to police about <mask>'s whereabouts on the weekend of 4–5 June, which weakened the defence case considerably as this

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 highlighted <mask>'s change the previous February of his account of what happened on the night of 5 June 1983. In their summation, the prosecution stated that the evidence they presented proved that <mask>'s story was full of lies and inconsistencies, and that he did murder (with the help of others) Kelvin. They also stated that his admission that he had picked up Kelvin showed that he was in contact with him on 5 June; that the fibres and hairs proved that <mask> was with him at the time of just before and/or at the time of death; and that the drugs proved <mask> was with Kelvin in between those times. The prosecution also answered the doubts raised by the defence about when on 10 July the body was dumped at the airstrip by suggesting that <mask> could have dumped the body sometime very late on 10 July or in the early morning of 11 July before going to work for the day. The defence stated in their summary that the prosecution had failed to prove beyond reasonable doubt that <mask> was guilty of murder and also were not able to establish the exact cause of Kelvin's death, so therefore the jury must give <mask> the benefit of the doubt.Mr. Justice White then gave his summation of the trial, and in the early afternoon of 5 November 1984, the jury retired to consider their verdict. Verdict
After 7.5 hours of deliberation, the jury returned to give their verdict. <mask> was found guilty of the murder and was automatically sentenced to life at Yatala Labour Prison. Mr. Justice White imposed a non-parole period of 24 years. Under South Australian law, a third of the non-parole period could be taken off for good behaviour in prison. Based on this reckoning, <mask> could conceivably have been eligible for parole in late 1999. The Attorney-General of South Australia immediately appealed the leniency of the non-parole period, and on 29 March 1985 the Court of Criminal Appeal in South Australia increased the non-parole period to 36 years, a record at the time in that state.The earliest <mask>em could be released on parole was therefore on 31 October

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 2007 (after allowing for the fact that a third of the non-parole period could be taken off for good behaviour in prison). <mask>'s defence team (now consisting of barrister David Peek with assistance from Helena Jasinski) appealed the conviction to the Court of Criminal Appeal in South Australia and requested that a new trial be set. The basis for this appeal was the evidence given about Kelvin's heterosexuality, the references to <mask>'s own homosexuality through the trial and the negative impact that might have had on the jury, and also how Mr. Justice White in his summation did not include reference to the testimony given by <mask>'s relative about his attendance at the birthday party on the day Kelvin's body was dumped. The Court of Criminal of Appeal rejected the appeal, saying that the trial was conducted fairly and justly throughout; they did concede that Mr. Justice White should have included the evidence relating to the birthday party. Additional murder charges

<mask> was the leading suspect in the unsolved murders of four other young men between 1979 and 1982, and police continued to pursue leads on those cases in the years after his murder conviction. The four murdered were Alan Barnes in June 1979, Neil Muir in August 1979, Peter Stogneff in August 1981 and Mark Langley in February 1982. In February 1988, the State Coroner at the time in South Australia, Kevin Ahern, ordered an inquest into the deaths of these four young men, and on 24 March 1988, the State Coroner in his findings stated that manner and circumstances in which the four were murdered were very similar to that in the case of Kelvin, particularly the murders of Barnes and Langley.The reward for any information leading to an arrest for the murders was increased to $250,000, and this was later increased to $500,000 in September 1989 and then to $1,000,000 in March 2008. The committal hearing to determine if <mask>em should stand trial for the murders of Barnes and Langley began on 5 March 1990 before magistrate David Gurry. <mask> pleaded not guilty to both murders,

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texts: and his defence counsel (now consisting of barrister Mark Griffin with assistance from Marie Shaw) immediately claimed that it would be an abuse of justice for their client if he was ordered to stand trial given the mass coverage of the murders in the media in the past year. The prosecution was led again by Brian Martin QC, who was assisted this time by Tom Birchall, and their case against <mask>em relied on evidence of the Kelvin murder, with the details of the crime being so strikingly similar to the murders of Barnes and Langley. The prosecution's case also relied on evidence given by former associates testifying to <mask>  Einem picking up boys hitchhiking and sexually abusing them, as well as "Mr B"'s sensational evidence being in the company of Barnes and <mask> at the time just before Barnes's murder. "B" also gave startling allegations of <mask>em being involved in the unexplained Beaumont children disappearance in 1966, as well as the disappearance of two girls at the Adelaide Oval in 1973. However, it turned out to be impossible to corroborate these allegations.Another witness also came forward to claim he had seen <mask> and Barnes together drinking in the weeks before Barnes's death. Also entered as evidence were samples taken from Barnes's body which showed that sedative drugs had been present. Little evidence was presented for the murder of Langley, as prosecutors felt if they could prove that <mask> had murdered Barnes, then it would naturally follow that he had murdered Langley as well. On 11 May 1990, Magistrate Gurry ordered <mask> to stand trial for the two murders of Barnes and Langley. <mask>'s defence counsel appealed the decision, launching an abuse of process action in the Supreme Court of South Australia to achieve a permanent stay of proceedings, as well as stating that the huge media interest in the charges would result in their client not getting a fair trial. Proceedings began on 19 June 1990 before Justice Kevin Duggan, and six months later on 17 December 1990, Justice Duggan released his findings. He ordered

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 <mask> to stand trial, however he expressed concerns with most of the prosecution's evidence.The pre-trial hearing began on 19 December 1990 in the Supreme Court of South Australia, with Justice Duggan as the presiding judge. The prosecution decided after Justice Duggan's findings two days earlier to have <mask> tried separately for the murders of Barnes and Langley. Justice Duggan ruled that the evidence relating to the Kelvin murder and from the various associates of <mask> and hitchhikers was inadmissible, although he did rule that "B"'s evidence could be heard, but with the defence allowed to question the evidence as it was being given. This was a shattering blow for the prosecution's case, and on 21 December 1990, on advice from the Attorney-General of South Australia, prosecutors withdrew the charge for the murder of Langley. The prosecution tried to continue with the charge for the murder of Barnes, however with the problems of getting enough evidence admitted into court from associates about <mask>em picking up hitchhikers to convict <mask> still too great, the final charge was withdrawn on 1 February 1991. The prosecution, on the advice of the Attorney-General, then entered a nolle prosequi for the Barnes murder charge. Later events

2006
On 29 January 2006, the Sunday Mail reported that <mask> was currently being investigated for allegedly raping an inmate several times at Yatala Labour Prison.On 29 October 2006, The Australian reported that <mask> had been selling hand-painted greeting cards to prison officers for $20 each. 2007
On 4 February 2007, the ABC reported that <mask> had been charged over commercial dealings during his incarceration, including selling hand-painted greeting cards. On 14 June 2007, the ABC reported that <mask> had been charged with producing and possessing child pornography, with police alleging that he had handwritten three fictitious stories describing sexual acts between a child and a man. His lawyer believed a handwriting analysis would clear <mask>. On 27 July 2007 it was announced that <mask> had

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 been transferred from the maximum security B-Division of Yatala Labour Prison to Port Augusta Prison. On 11 August 2007, The Australian reported that detectives were calling for information to establish the identity of a young man seen in the Seven Network's news archive, showing police searching a storm water drain in the days after the Beaumont Children's disappearance. The man bore a striking resemblance to a youthful <mask>.On 13 August 2007, the Seven Network followed this with a story that the man standing next to the Einem lookalike in their archived film matched the police sketch of the suspect seen with the Beaumonts at the beach on the day of their disappearance. On 1 November 2007, the ABC reported that after 24 years behind bars, <mask> was now eligible to apply for parole. However, South Australian Premier Mike Rann had vowed to enforce new legislation to ensure <mask>em would never leave prison alive. 2008

On 28 March 2008, the ABC reported that the child pornography found in <mask>'s cell had been determined not to have been written by him and that fingerprints did not match. Defence lawyer Sam Abbott said he expected the Director of Public Prosecutions to drop the most serious charge of producing the material and, if not, he would argue there was no case to answer. It was also announced that <mask> had been excused from attending his court hearings so that he could avoid an "unpleasant" three-hour drive with other inmates. See also
 List of serial killers by number of victims

References

Further reading
Bob O'Brien, Young Blood: the Story of the Family Murders, 2002

External links
 The "Family" Murders

1945 births
21st-century LGBT people
Australian murderers of children
Australian people convicted of murder
Australian prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
Crime in Oceania
LGBT people from Australia
Living people
People convicted of child pornography offenses
People convicted of murder by South Australia
People from Adelaide
Place of birth missing (living people)
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by South

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<mask> (;  – 24 February 1975) was a Soviet politician who served as Minister of Defense (1953–1955) and Premier of the Soviet Union (1955–1958) under Nikita Khrushchev, following service in the Red Army and as defence minister under Joseph Stalin. Early career
<mask>, born in 1895 in Nizhny Novgorod as the son of an office worker, was of Russian ethnicity. He joined the  Bolshevik Party in March 1917 and was recruited in 1918 into the Cheka, the Bolshevik regime's political police, where he served until 1922. During the summer of 1918 he worked with Lazar Kaganovich, the local communist leader, in imposing the Red Terror in Nizhny Novgorod. He worked with Kaganovich again in Turkestan in 1920. After the Russian Civil War of 1917-1923, he became an industrial manager and worked in the electricity administration until 1927. He was director of the Moscow electricity supply in 1927–1931.From 1931 to 1937 Bulganin served as Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Moscow City Soviet (i.e. as "Mayor" of Moscow'), coming into office soon after Kaganovich had been put in charge of the Moscow party organisation. In 1934 the 17th Congress of the Communist Party elected Bulganin as a candidate member of the  Central Committee. A loyal Stalinist, he was promoted rapidly as other leaders fell victim to Joseph Stalin's Great Purge of 1937–38. In July 1937 he was appointed Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (Prime Minister) of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) after the arrest of the previous incumbent, Daniil Sulimov. He became a full member of the  Central Committee later that year. In September 1938 he became Deputy Prime Minister of

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Nikolai Alexandrovich Bulganin
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 the Soviet Union and head of the State Bank of the USSR (Gosbank).World War II
During World War II, <mask> played a leading role in the government and Red Army, although he was never a front-line commander. His first posting was as chief political commissar on the Western Front, which was commanded by Marshal Timoshenko. He held similar posts until July 1944, when he was appointed the Soviet representative on the Polish Committee of National Liberation. On 18 November 1944, he was given the rank of General, and three days later he replaced Marshal Voroshilov on the State Defence Committee. He was also appointed USSR Deputy Minister for Defence, the Minister being Joseph Stalin. In March 1946, <mask> became a candidate member of the 18th Politburo of the Communist Party. Later in March 1947, he succeeded Stalin as Minister for the Armed Forces, and was again Deputy Prime Minister of the Soviet Union, under Stalin, from 1947 to 1950.In November 1947, he was promoted to the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union. By February 1948, he became a full member of the 18th Politburo. Personality
<mask> reached the highest rank in the Red Army, despite only having served as political officer. His role was to ensure that none of the genuine wartime commanders, particularly Marshal Zhukov, became powerful enough to threaten Stalin. Pavel Sudoplatov, who participated in conferences in the Kremlin with Bulganin wrote contemptuously about how he failed to understand elementary military concepts. He added:

In March 1949, <mask> was replaced as Minister for Defence by a career soldier, Aleksandr Vasilevsky, after which he was responsible for the arms industry. Conversely, a 1955

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 report from the US Central Intelligence Agency suggests that <mask>'s tenure at the State Bank demonstrated high intelligence and his ability to learn quickly:

Premiership

After Stalin's death in March 1953, <mask> moved into sixth place in the Soviet leadership, when he was reappointed to the post of Defense Minister, but with Marshal Zhukov as his deputy.He was an ally of Nikita Khrushchev during his power struggle with Georgy Malenkov, and in February 1955 he succeeded Malenkov as Premier of the Soviet Union. He was generally seen as a supporter of Khrushchev's reforms and destalinisation. In July 1955, he attended the Geneva Summit, with U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, French Prime Minister Edgar Faure, and British Prime Minister Anthony Eden. He and Khrushchev travelled together to India, Yugoslavia and in April 1956 to Britain, where they were known in the press as "the B and K show" or "Bulge and Crush". In his memoirs, however, Khrushchev recounted that he believed that he "couldn't rely on [Bulganin] fully." During the Suez Crisis of October–November 1956, Bulganin sent letters to the governments of the United Kingdom, France, and Israel threatening rocket attacks on London, Paris, and Tel Aviv if they did not withdraw their forces from Egypt. In a letter to Israeli prime minister David Ben-Gurion, Bulganin wrote, "Israel is playing with the fate of peace, with the fate of its own people, in a criminal and irresponsible manner; [...] which will place a question [mark] upon the very existence of Israel as a State."Khrushchev, in his memoirs, admitted the threat was designed simply to divide Western opinion, especially since at the time he did not

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 have enough ICBMs to launch the rockets, and in any case he had no intention of going to war in 1956. By 1957, however, <mask> had come to share the doubts held about Khrushchev's policies by the opposition group (which Khrushchev and his supporters labelled the "Anti-Party Group") led by Vyacheslav Molotov. In June, when the dissenters tried to remove Khrushchev from power at a meeting of the Politburo, Bulganin vacillated between the two camps. When the dissenters were defeated and removed from power, <mask> held on to his position for a while, but in March 1958, at a session of the Supreme Soviet, Khrushchev forced his resignation. <mask> was appointed Chairman of the Soviet State Bank, a job he had held two decades before, but in August was dispatched to Stavropol as Chairman of the Regional Economic Council, a token position, and on 12 November he was expelled from the Presidium (Politburo) of the Central Committee. In September he was removed from the Central Committee and deprived of the title of Marshal, and in February 1960 he was retired on a pension. Personal life
His wife was Elena Mikhailovna Korovina, an English teacher from a Moscow school.The couple had two children: son Leo and daughter Vera. Vera married the son of Admiral

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<mask> (25 February 1886 – 8 May 1965), known as <mask>, was an English professional sportsman who played both cricket and association football for England. His professional cricket career lasted from 1902 to 1933 during which he played first-class cricket for Kent County Cricket Club and made one Test match appearance for England. He was described as being "for years ... one of the leading opening batsmen in England". He played football at the top domestic level between 1905 and 1921 for Newcastle United, Sheffield United and Arsenal and also made a single international appearance for England in that sport. He briefly managed Tottenham Hotspur after he retired as a sportsman. Early life
<mask> was born in 1886 at Greenwich in Kent. He was the son of William and <mask>, his father being a seaman.Cricket career
In a first-class cricket career lasting 32 years from the age of 16, Hardinge scored 33,519 runs and made 75 centuries. He was coached by Captain William McCanlis at Kent's Tonbridge Nursery from the age of 13 and made his debut for the County in August 1902 against Lancashire at Tonbridge at the age of 16. He was the youngest player to make their first-class debut for Kent until 2006 and is still the second youngest debutant for the county. He became a regular in the side in 1907 when he was capped by the County. He played in the four Kent County Championship winning sides of the period between 1906 and 1913 and was named as one of Wisden's five Cricketers of the Year in 1915. Hardinge was considered a "reliable opening batsman" who became "one of the mainstays of the Kent eleven" by 1911. He passed 1,000 runs for a season 18 times and scored more than 2,000 runs five times, his best season being 1928 when, at 42 years of age, he scored

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texts: 2,446 runs at an average of just under 60 runs per innings.He scored centuries in four consecutive innings in 1913 and four times scored centuries in both innings of a match. In 1921, he became only the third cricketer, after C. B. Fry and Warwick Armstrong, to score a double-century and a century in the same match. His one appearance in Test cricket came against Armstrong's touring Australian side in 1921 at Headingley in a match where Jack Hobbs had to withdraw on the opening day because of appendicitis. Hardinge scored 25 and 5 and was not picked again, although he did play twice in war-time matches for an England side against the Dominions in 1918. He was refused leave of absence to tour Australia in 1928–29 by his employer and had been unable to tour with England whilst he was playing professional football. As of 2017 his runs total puts him 46th on the all-time list of runs scored in first-class cricket. He is Kent's second leading run scorer after his contemporary Frank Woolley and second, also to Woolley, in the County's all time appearances list with 606, including a run of 101 consecutive County Championship appearances between 1924 and 1928.His 1928 run aggregate is the third highest in Kent's history and his highest score of 263 not out remains the ninth highest in the County's first-class history. In his early career <mask> was considered a more promising bowler than batsman. He bowled slow left arm spinners well enough to take 371 career wickets in a Kent side which featured great spin bowlers such as Colin Blythe and Tich Freeman as well as Woolley and Bill Fairservice. He took six wickets for nine runs on a turning pitch at the Nevill Ground in Tunbridge Wells in 1929 and had a career best return of 7/64 against the Marylebone


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 Cricket Club at Lord's in 1932. He was described by Wisden as one of the "finest outfields in the world". As well as playing for Kent, Hardinge played in six Gentlemen v Players matches, scoring 127 at The Oval in 1921 for the Players. He made first-class appearances for a number of other teams, including the Royal Air Force, and made his final first-class appearance for Kent in 1933 aged 47.Football career
As a footballer, Hardinge played as an inside forward during the cricket off-season. He played for amateur clubs Eltham, Tonbridge and Maidstone United in Kent before signing for Newcastle United in 1905. After two and a half years there, mainly as a reserve, he moved to Sheffield United in 1907 for a fee of £350. There he flourished, playing 152 games in six seasons and scoring 46 goals, becoming one of the trickiest inside forwards in the game. Whilst at Bramall Lane he won one England cap in 1910 against Scotland at Hampden Park in the 1909–10 British Home Championship. In the summer of 1913 <mask> returned to the south, signing for Woolwich Arsenal (who had just moved into their new Highbury ground, and would drop the "Woolwich" from their name a year later), and played there either side of World War I. He made 70 wartime appearances for the team whilst serving as a mechanic during the war and played for an England side against Scotland in an RAF International match in 1919.He retired as a professional footballer in 1921, having played 55 times and scored 14 goals for the Gunners' first team. Military service
Hardinge served as a Special Constable and in the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force as a mechanic in World War I. He joined the Royal Naval Armoured Car Division in 1915 before transferring to the Royal Naval Air Service as an air


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 mechanic at Crystal Palace and Blandford, being promoted to Chief Petty Officer in 1915. In 1918 the RNAS was merged with the Royal Flying Corps and Hardinge transferred again to the newly formed Royal Air Force with the rank of Sergeant Major, first with the Cadet Brigade headquarters at Hastings and then at the Armament School. He transferred to the RAF Reserve in January 1919 and was discharged in 1920. After retirement
Whilst playing cricket Hardinge worked for John Wisden & Co, although his employment with the company ended when he finished his cricketing career in 1934, and for the Cement Marketing Board. For a short time he coached Leicestershire.He was an FA instructor for Kent Secondary Schoolboys, leaving the post in 1935. He had a spell as a coach of Tottenham Hotspur's reserve team in the 1930s and for a short period became caretaker manager of the first team in 1935 after the departure of Percy Smith. Hardinge died at Cambridge in 1965 at the age of 79 after a long illness. References

External links

 England football profile

1886 births
1965 deaths
Footballers from Greenwich
Cricketers from Greater London
English cricketers
English cricketers of 1919 to 1945
Kent cricketers
England Test cricketers
Royal Air Force cricketers
Wisden Cricketers of the Year
Players cricketers
English footballers
Association football forwards
England international footballers
Maidstone United F.C. players
Arsenal F.C. players
Newcastle United F.C. players
Sheffield United F.C.players
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. non-playing staff
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. managers
North v South cricketers
L. G. Robinson's XI cricketers
English football managers
Royal Naval Air Service personnel of World War I
Royal Navy sailors
Royal Air Force personnel of World War I
Royal


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<mask> (, 29 November 1935 – 10 April 2014) was a Soviet and Russian physicist who made fundamental contributions to the development of the theory of waves and nonlinear interactions in optics, radiophysics, and acoustics. Biography
Graduated with honours from the Chair of Physics of Oscillations, MSU Faculty of Physics in 1961. He returned to this department in 1963 to do a PhD course after working for three years as a junior researcher at the Institute of computer control. In 1967 he defended a PhD thesis on the topic "Diffracting beams in nonlinear media" under the supervision of academician R. V. Khokhlov. In 1974 he has passed habilitation and received a doctoral degree in physical and mathematical sciences. The topic of his Doktor nauk work was "Wave beams and pulses in nonlinear media". In 1977 he received a professor title at the Chair of General Physics and Wave Processes.Since 1966, he had worked at the Faculty of Physics – first as a senior engineer, then assistant, senior lecturer, associate professor, and full professor (from 1976). In 1984–1989 he served as a head of Division of Radiophysics and Electronics. In 1989–1992 he worked as a dean of the Faculty of Physics. From 1988 till 2014 he was a head of the Chair of Photonics and Microwave Physics (previous department name until 2008 – Department of Radiophysics). Scientific achievements

<mask>. P<mask> has made fundamental contributions to the development of the theory of waves and nonlinear interactions in optics, radiophysics, and acoustics. Among his many achievements, the results discussed here were most valued by the scientist, as being most important and influential for the subsequent development of corresponding research fields.His scientific interests lied mainly in the area to nonlinear optics. He was one of the founders of modern theoretical nonlinear optics. He obtained, in particular, a number of pioneering results on self-focusing and parametric interactions, which were later confirmed in experiments. In a series of works on

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texts: self-focusing (since 1966) he has developed for the first time the aberration-free theory of wave self-action, found exact solutions for ray patterns accounting for nonlinear aberrations, and numerically investigated different regimes of spatial resonant self-focusing. Many of his theoretical predictions have been confirmed in experiments: aberrational structures due to wave self-focusing in nematics, limited lifetime of spatial solitons in media with relaxation-type nonlinearity, dynamics of thermal defocusing in the presence of forced and free convection, self-deflection of beams in nonlinear moving media, laser-induced transparency of a cloudy medium and an ozone layer, adaptive compensation of beam distortions in nonlinear media. <mask> <mask> has derived the general paraxial equation describing beam diffraction in anisotropic crystals, and originated the paraxial theory for three-wave interactions of beams and pulses under the presence of phase- and group-velocity mismatches, diffraction, and group velocity dispersion. He has developed a spatio-temporal analogy between optical beams and pulses, and predicted the effect of diffraction-dispersion incoherence for modulated waves, which limits the efficiency of frequency conversion and results in parametric mutual focusing in quadratic media.He has also predicted the phenomenon of anomalous diffraction in the parametric amplifier, and determined the optimal conditions for high-efficiency generation of the second and third harmonics in focused laser beams. He has first investigated the possibility of total energy conversion in the process of double phase-matched interaction between three frequency harmonics. He has developed the theory of up- and down parametric frequency conversion under the presence of group velocity mismatch, described the formation of three-frequency optical dissipative solitons, parametric pi – pulses, a giant parametric pulse (confirmed experimentally), calculated the modes of the parametrical amplifier with a pulsed pump, developed

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 the theory of stimulated Raman scattering taking into account the relaxation time and group velocity mismatch, found the quasi-phase-matching conditions for slow and fast modes in 3D photonic crystals. He has predicted the existence of a new class of localized structures – parametric three-frequency solitons in media with quadratic nonlinearity (results published in 1974, confirmed experimentally in 1995), also discovered a new type of wave self-focusing, namely, mutual – focusing of just three beams at different frequencies in quadratic media. He has investigated the walk-off effect on quadratic solitons, analyzed dynamics of spatial soliton trapping and interactions in bulk media, in cavities (based on the full round-trip model), in gratings (model for counter-propagating waves); proposed parametric soliton model based on the analogy with coupling of three quasi-particles; considered the tunneling of slow parametric solitons through a bounded grating. He has analyzed the quasi-phase-matched hybrid interactions in periodically polled crystals (layer model), asymmetric modes of parametric solitons, properties of ultra-narrow quadratic solitons, propagation of ultra-short optical pulses inducing plasma generation, and parametric interactions of two non-axial vortices, methods of spatio-temporal vortices generation and recording, all-optical switching with parametric refraction and reflection. He developed the theory of dispersion managed interactions of few-cycle pulses in quadratically nonlinear layered media.He has investigated the nonlinear refraction, total internal reflection and scattering of optical beams and pulses in defocusing media with Kerr, cascaded quadratic, photorefractive, and thermal nonlinearities. Educational activities

A. P<mask> devoted much efforts to educate students. He was one of the leading lecturers at the Faculty of Physics. He has developed and taught for over 40 years a one-year course on "Theory of waves". He has co-authored a textbook on the course subject, now in its 2nd


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 ed., which became a reference book for students and researchers. Scientific school created by A. P<mask> on the topic of "Physics of wave interactions in inhomogeneous and nonlinear media" is building on traditions established at Lomonosov Moscow State University by academician R. V. Khokhlov. A. P<mask> has supervised more than 80 graduate students as the Faculty of Physics, 36 PhD students, and 8 habilitation works.Together with colleagues and students, he has successfully carried out multiple scientific projects. He has organized annual Russian schools-seminars on wave phenomena for students and young scientists during 1995–2014. Publications
A. P<mask> has published more than 400 scientific papers and several books, including two monographs:

and two textbooks:

Awards and prizes

 Commemorative badge "225 years of MSU" (1980)
 USSR State Prize in science and technology (1984), A series of works on "Highly efficient nonlinear frequency conversion in crystals and the development of tuneable sources of coherent radiation" (1963—1982)
 Lenin Prize in science and technology (1988), Discovery and investigation of the self-focusing effects of wave beams
 Medal "Veteran of Labour" (1988)
 Distinguished scientist of Russian Federation (1996)
 Medal "In Commemoration of the 850th Anniversary of Moscow" (1997)
 Distinguished professor of Lomonosov Moscow State University (2003)
 Commemorative badge "250 years of MSU" (2004)
 M. V. Lomonosov Prize by Lomonosov Moscow State University for scientific research of II degree (2006), – for a series of works on "Nonlinear wave phenomena in layered structures, media with spatial and temporal dispersion, and their applications in photonics"
 Order of Friendship (2013),  Achievements in education and productive work over many years

Footnotes

Soviet physicists
20th-century Russian physicists
Optical physicists
Theoretical physicists
Moscow State University alumni
Moscow State University faculty
Lenin Prize winners
Recipients of the USSR State Prize
1935 births
2014

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texts: <mask> (born December 29, 1963) is a former American football coach and quarterback. He served as the head coach of the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL) from 2006 to 2021, leading the franchise to its very first Super Bowl victory during the 2009 season. Payton was a quarterback at Naperville Central High School and Eastern Illinois University and played professionally in 1987 with Chicago Bears and 1988 overseas in Britain for the Leicester Panthers. He began his coaching career as offensive assistant for San Diego State University and had several assistant coaching positions on college and NFL teams before being named as the tenth full-time coach in Saints history in 2006. <mask> has always been known for his offensive prowess, having scored more points (2,804) and gained more yards (40,158) than any other team in a coach's first 100 games in NFL history. Payton had the second-longest NFL single-team tenure among active head coaches, behind New England Patriots head coach Bill Belichick, who has coached the Patriots since the 2000 season. Under Payton's leadership, the Saints made the 2006 NFL playoffs after a 3–13 season in 2005 and advanced to their first NFC Championship appearance in franchise history.Because of this effort, <mask> won the AP NFL Coach of the Year Award. Following the 2009 season, the Saints won their first Super Bowl championship in franchise history. In 16 seasons with the Saints as head coach, <mask> helped guide the team to three NFC Championship games (2006, 2009, and 2018), a victory in Super Bowl XLIV, and nine total playoff berths with seven division titles, making him the most successful coach in Saints franchise history. In April 2012 <mask> was suspended for the entire 2012 NFL season as a result of his involvement in the New Orleans Saints bounty scandal, under which "bounties" were allegedly paid for contact that would try to injure players on opposing teams. <mask> filed an appeal but was denied, with him remaining suspended until being reinstated in January

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 2013. Early life
<mask> was born in San Mateo, California, and raised in Naperville, Illinois, by parents Thomas and <mask>. <mask>'s parents were originally from Scranton, Pennsylvania; Thomas worked in the insurance industry.<mask> lived in Newtown Square, Pennsylvania, during his grade school and middle school years (1970–1978). <mask> attended Naperville Central High School in Naperville, Illinois, starting as quarterback his senior year before graduating in 1982. Winning a football scholarship, <mask> had a successful career playing quarterback at Eastern Illinois University, leading the Panthers to an 11–2 record and the quarter-finals of the Division I-AA Playoffs in 1986; while at EIU, he became a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity with his close friend, Rick Henghold. Under coach Al Molde, Payton's Eastern Illinois teams were known as "Eastern Airlines" due to their prolific passing attack that frequently topped 300 yards per game (and had 509 passing yards in one game, still a school record). Playing career
Although he was not drafted in the 1987 NFL Draft, Payton tried out for the Kansas City Chiefs for one day. In 1987, he played quarterback for the Chicago Bruisers and Pittsburgh Gladiators during the inaugural season of the Arena Football League, before his rights were sold for $1,000.00 to the Ottawa Rough Riders of the Canadian Football League. He was also a member of the Chicago Bears squad of strikebreaking replacement players, known as the "Spare Bears", during the 1987 NFL players strike.In 3 games he completed 8 of 23 passes (34.8%), for 79 yards, no TDs, and 1 INT,  a passer rating of 27.3. He was also sacked 7 times for 47 yards and had one rush attempt for 28 yards. His one interception came against the New Orleans Saints, the team he would later go on to coach to a Super Bowl victory. In 1988, he played for the Leicester Panthers of the professional UK Budweiser National League. Payton landed the starting quarterback role for the Panthers. <mask> led the Panthers to a touchdown on their first

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 possession. That same season saw the Panthers go to the Quarterfinals of the British League, eventually losing to the London Olympians.After <mask> returned to the US to take up a coaching position. Coaching career

Early coaching career
<mask> began his coaching career in 1988 as an offensive assistant at San Diego State University. He made a series of assistant coaching positions at Indiana State University, Miami University (offensive coordinator), Illinois, and again at San Diego State (running backs coach), before landing a job as the quarterbacks coach with the Philadelphia Eagles in 1997. He coached Marshall Faulk from 1992 to 1993 while working at San Diego State. As OC at Miami University, he helped RB Deland McCullough run for over 1,100 yards. In 1995, the team scored the most points in a season (326) since 1986 and finished 8–2–1. RB Deland McCullough ran for over 1,600 yards with 14 TD and QB Sam Ricketts also threw 14 TD.At the University of Illinois in 1996, he coached QB Scott Weaver, who completed 56% of his passes for over 1,700 yards and 7 TD. Philadelphia Eagles
From 1997 to 1998, <mask> was quarterbacks coach for the Philadelphia Eagles and worked with offensive coordinator Jon Gruden and offensive line coach Bill Callahan. In 1998, Gruden and Callahan left for the Oakland Raiders, and Eagles head coach Ray Rhodes and Payton were fired. The Eagles' quarterbacks passed for 4,009 yards in 1997. New York Giants
In 1999, <mask> was hired as the quarterbacks coach for the New York Giants and was promoted to the role of offensive coordinator in 2000. Under his guidance, the Giants would go on to represent the NFC in Super Bowl XXXV. During this time, he was known to lock himself in the stadium and sleep on the couches while studying plays during off-days.At around 6:45 a.m. on September 11, 2001, the New York Giants' flight from Denver, where the Giants played the Denver Broncos for the first Monday Night Football game of 2001, landed at the gate of Newark Liberty International Airport next to United

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 Airlines Flight 93, the flight that was hijacked and eventually crashed in rural Pennsylvania. <mask> recalls this moment in his autobiography Home Team: Coaching the Saints and New Orleans Back to Life. During the 2002 season, after several poor showings by the Giants' offense, <mask>'s role in play-calling was taken over by then head coach Jim Fassel. Under Fassel the offense improved and propelled the team to a wild-card playoff berth. Dallas Cowboys
<mask> joined Bill Parcells and the Cowboys as an assistant head coach and a quarterbacks coach in 2003, where he helped coach Quincy Carter, Vinny Testaverde, and Drew Bledsoe to 3,000-yard seasons. He was a primary factor for the team to sign undrafted free agent Tony Romo. In 2005, he was promoted by Parcells to assistant head coach/passing game coordinator.New Orleans Saints

<mask> received his first head coaching job in 2006 with the New Orleans Saints. In the wake of Hurricane Katrina, in the 2005 season the Saints had finished with a 3–13 record, ranking as the second worst team in the league. However, Payton turned the struggling team around, and, with newly acquired free agent quarterback Drew Brees, led them to their first playoff appearance in 6 years. The team had one of the league's most productive offenses, ranking first in passing,  and fifth in points scored. The Saints won the NFC South with a 10–6 record, had a first round playoff bye and notched only the second playoff win in franchise history, giving them a berth in the NFC Championship Game against the top-seeded Chicago Bears. The Saints out-gained the Bears in total yards of offense, but lost the game by the lopsided score of 39–14. Receiving 44 out of 50 votes from a panel of sports journalists and broadcasters, <mask> won the AP NFL Coach of the Year Award in January 2007.In the 2007 season, the Saints tried to improve upon their 10–6 record from the previous season. They and the Pittsburgh Steelers opened the NFL preseason, playing the Hall of Fame Game on August 5, 2007. The Saints were 3–2

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 in the pre-season. The Saints also had the honor of opening the season against the defending champion Indianapolis Colts. The Saints finished the 2007 season 7–9. 2009 Season: Super Bowl Champs
In 2009, <mask> aggressively coached the Saints to their most successful season, with a 13–3 regular season, and a 31–17 victory over the Indianapolis Colts in Super Bowl XLIV. In June 2010, <mask> published a book (written with journalist Ellis Henican) entitled Home Team: Coaching the Saints and New Orleans Back to Life.The book opened at number 8 on the non-fiction bestseller list of The New York Times. <mask> described the concept of Home Team: "I didn't want to write another winning-on-the-field book or about modern-day leadership...I wanted to write a book about the stories, ones that you sit around and tell your friends." On October 16, 2011, while coaching against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, <mask> broke his tibia and tore his MCL in a collision with tight end Jimmy Graham's helmet after Graham was tackled on the sideline. Unable to stand on the sidelines, <mask> coached from the booth during rehabilitation. In a memorable moment the week after, <mask> was spotted eating a hot dog in a relaxed state while the Saints blew out the Indianapolis Colts 62–7. <mask> has agreed to a new multi-year contract extension as head coach of the Saints beginning in 2013. On January 6, 2016, he announced that he would stay with the Saints despite interest from other teams that had led to speculation that he would be traded.<mask> agreed to a new 5-year contract extension as head coach of the Saints on March 23, 2016. On Christmas Eve 2016, <mask> notched his 94th victory as Saints head coach, passing Jim E. Mora as the winningest coach in franchise history. <mask> and the Saints would endure some eventful seasons over the next three years. The 2017 season would see the Saints achieve their first winning season since 2013 with an 11–5 record. In the Wild Card round of the postseason, New Orleans defeated the division rival Carolina Panthers

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 31–26 to advance to the Divisional round against the second-seeded Minnesota Vikings. Against the Vikings, after falling behind 17–0, the Saints were able to crawl back and hold a 24–23 advantage in the final minute of the fourth quarter. On the last play of the game, Vikings quarterback Case Keenum threw a 27-yard pass to wide receiver Stefon Diggs, who evaded Saints safety Marcus Williams and ran to the end zone to complete a 61-yard touchdown pass as time expired to award Minnesota a 29–24 victory.This game was the first in NFL playoff history to end in a touchdown as time expired. The play would later be known as the Minneapolis Miracle. Recent years and Drew Brees retirement
In the 2018 season, the Saints attained the top-seed in the NFC after finishing with a 13–3 record. Upon eliminating the defending Super Bowl champion Philadelphia Eagles 20–14 in the Divisional round, the team advanced to the NFC Championship Game against the Los Angeles Rams for the right to represent the conference in Super Bowl LIII. The game was marred with controversy after the referees missed a pass interference call of Nickell Robey-Coleman's hit on Tommylee Lewis on 3rd-and-10 with 1:45 remaining in the 4th quarter. The Saints would go on to lose 26–23 in overtime. Some fans, players, and analysts believe the missed call is among the worst in NFL history.The NFL admitted to missing the call soon after the game was over, but did not apologize for the situation until a week and a half later. They also did not overturn the result of the game. The fallout from the missed call was a factor in the NFL's decision to expand instant replay, making pass interference (including non-calls) reviewable. However, that ability to change PI calls would not last past the 2019 season. On September 15, 2019, the Saints and <mask> agreed to a 5-year contract extension. The Saints once again finished 13–3 in 2019. However, they would be upset in the Wild Card round by the Minnesota Vikings in overtime 26–20, a third consecutive disappointing playoff finish


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 for the Saints.<mask> was fined  by the NFL for not properly wearing a face mask, as required for coaches during the COVID-19 pandemic, during a week 2 game in the 2020 NFL season on September 22, 2020. Following the 2021 NFL season, <mask> announced he would be stepping down as head coach. Bounty scandal

On March 2, 2012, the NFL concluded after a thorough investigation that from 2009 to 2011, the Saints implemented a bounty program that rewarded players for deliberately attempting to knock opposing players out of games. The slush fund was determined to be administered by defensive coordinator Gregg Williams, who joined the team in 2009. An extensive league investigation found that <mask> was implicated in the Bounty Scandal. The league determined <mask> went as far as to orchestrate a cover-up when the league first investigated it in the 2009-10 offseason. When informed that the league was investigating reports of a bounty program, Payton met with Williams and assistant head coach Joe Vitt and told them, "Let's make sure our ducks are in a row."According to a league memo, the NFL reopened its investigation late in the 2011 season. Just before the Saints' playoff game against the Detroit Lions, league officials alerted Saints owner Tom Benson that they had found irrefutable evidence of the Saints' bounty program. When general manager Mickey Loomis informed <mask> that the league had reopened its investigation, Payton failed to shut the alleged program down. On March 22, 2012, NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell suspended <mask> for the entire 2012 season, effective April 1. <mask> became the first head coach in modern NFL history to be suspended for any reason. Goodell was particularly upset that <mask> and other Saints officials had lied to him about the scheme. For instance, during its investigation, the league uncovered an email that Michael Ornstein, the agent for former Saints running back Reggie Bush, had sent to Payton.In reality, the Ornstein email wasn't directly sent to <mask>, instead it came to team spokesman

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texts: Greg Bensel, who then forwarded it to the coaching staff with this message:  "email from Orny (he asked that I send it) the dude is in prison so I told him I would." The email stated "put me down for $5000 on "Green Bay Packers quarterback Aaron Rodgers". "It's a running joke going for three years," Ornstein said. "Ornstein's email is just another example of the speciousness of the quote-unquote evidence that Commissioner (Roger) Goodell claims to have to support his erroneous accusations against Jonathan and the other players," lawyer Peter Ginsberg said. "As more of the evidence is revealed in the media, it is becoming more and more apparent how irresponsible the NFL's actions have been." When confronted with the email, <mask> initially claimed he never read it, but subsequently admitted that he had. In an interview with ESPN's Adam Schefter, Goodell implied that <mask> would have faced significant punishment even if he'd been more forthcoming.In Goodell's view, <mask>'s contractual obligation to supervise his assistants meant that, at the very least, he should have known about the scheme and shut it down immediately. In the league's announcement of sanctions against the Saints, <mask> was faulted for violating a provision of the league constitution that requires coaches to inform their owners about team operations, as well as to "avoid actions that undermine or damage the club's reputation or operating success." On March 30, 2012, <mask> lodged a formal appeal of his suspension. Goodell held an expedited hearing on the matter and was expected to render a decision in "days, not weeks," according to ESPN's Schefter. <mask> also used the hearing as a chance to get clarification on the terms of his ban. Goodell turned the appeal down on April 9, meaning that <mask>'s suspension was set to begin on April 16. He was to remain suspended until the end of Super Bowl XLVII, which was held in New Orleans.According to ESPN's Chris Mortensen, <mask> was to forfeit $5.8 million of his $7.1 million salary. He was barred from even

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 casual contact with anyone in the NFL; any such contact would have to be reported to NFL executive Ray Anderson. Soon after the suspension was announced, Payton began discussions with his mentor, Parcells, about serving as interim coach for the 2012 season. In September 2011, the Saints and <mask> agreed to extend <mask>'s contract through 2015. However, on November 4, 2012, the NFL revealed that it had disallowed the extension because it contained a clause the NFL deemed to violate its rules, which would have allowed <mask> to leave if Saints general manager Mickey Loomis were not with the team. The NFL's action left <mask>'s contract status in doubt beyond the 2012 season, although Payton said that he intended to return to the Saints. NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell reinstated <mask> on January 22, 2013.Liberty Christian Warriors (Argyle, TX)
During his 2012 suspension from the NFL, <mask> served as the offensive coordinator for his son Connor's sixth-grade team in Argyle, Texas. Payton used a simplified version of the Saints playbook, and the team went unbeaten until losing near the end of the regular season to a team that ran the single-wing, which his team was unable to stop. Since he believed he would face that team again in the league's playoffs, he obtained video that the father of one of his players recorded, and then contacted his mentor Bill Parcells to help him break down the opponent's offense. The teams indeed faced one another in the league finals; <mask>'s team lost a considerably closer game in which they were able to slow down the opposing offense. Head coaching record

Personal life
<mask> met Beth Shuey, an Indiana State University graduate, while coaching there. The couple have two children, daughter Meghan (born 1997) and son Connor (born 1999). <mask> is Irish Catholic.<mask> and his family moved to a home in Mandeville, Louisiana when he became the Saints' head coach. The home, like many built on the Gulf Coast after Hurricane Katrina, later turned out to be constructed with defective Chinese


texts: drywall, and <mask> eventually became a named plaintiff in a widely reported class action lawsuit against the manufacturer, Knauf Plasterboard Tianjin Co. Ltd. In the wake of the issues with their home in Mandeville, the Paytons decided to move the family back to the Dallas area in 2011, when they purchased a home in the Vacquero Club, an upscale golf community in Westlake that is home to several PGA Tour professionals, as well as the Jonas Brothers and Josh Hamilton. Rumors swirled over the 2011 Super Bowl weekend that the move would coincide with <mask> returning to the Cowboys as the General Manager or in some other executive capacity, but these turned out to be groundless. At the time, he maintained a residence in the New Orleans area during the season, while his family resided full-time in Westlake, a 90-minute trip via a privately chartered flight. In June 2012, <mask> and his wife Beth filed for divorce. In 2014, after his suspension and the finalization of his divorce, he moved from the New Orleans suburbs where he had kept his in-season home to Uptown New Orleans, buying a condo in that neighborhood, and now lives there year-round.Shortly before the 2015 season, which coincided with the 10th anniversary of Hurricane Katrina, he hosted a dinner for the four coaches and four players who had continuously been with the Saints since he became head coach, and presented each of them with a Rolex watch. In January 2018 New Orleans musician Shamarr Allen dedicated a song to Payton entitled "Hit the <mask>ton" which he composed after watching an Instagram live video of Payton dancing in celebration with the Saints players after defeating the Carolina Panthers for the third time that season. Saints running back Alvin Kamara had recorded the locker room celebrations for his Instagram live feed and the video went viral on social media. On November 10, 2019, at the end of the Saints vs. Falcons games, it was announced that <mask> had gotten engaged two days prior on November 8 to his girlfriend, Skylene Montgomery. They

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 married in a private ceremony on June 18, 2021 in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico. The wedding was officiated by former NBA player and coach Avery Johnson.On March 19, 2020, it was reported that <mask> had tested positive for COVID-19. Payton became the first confirmed case of COVID-19 in the NFL. On March 26, <mask> announced that he tested negative and had been cleared from COVID-19. Honors and awards
 National Football League Coach of the Year Award—AP, SN, PFW, Maxwell (2006)
 Kansas City Committee of 101 NFC Coach of the Year (2006, 2009)
 ESPY Awards Outstanding Team—New Orleans Saints (2010)
 NCAA Silver Anniversary Awards (2012)

Selected works

In popular culture
 He is played by Kevin James in the 2022 film Home Team, a comedy based around <mask>'s suspension after the 2012 Bounty Scandal. He also had a cameo appearance in the film. References

External links

 New Orleans Saints profile

1963 births
Living people
American expatriate players of American football
American expatriate sportspeople in England
American expatriate sportspeople in the United Kingdom
American football quarterbacks
American players of Canadian football
National Football League replacement players
Canadian football quarterbacks
Chicago Bears players
Chicago Bruisers players
Dallas Cowboys coaches
Eastern Illinois Panthers football players
Illinois Fighting Illini football coaches
Indiana State Sycamores football coaches
Miami RedHawks football coaches
New Orleans Saints head coaches
New York Giants coaches
Ottawa Rough Riders players
People from Delaware County, Pennsylvania
People from Mandeville, Louisiana
People from San Mateo, California
People from Westlake, Texas
Philadelphia Eagles coaches
Players of American football from California
Players of American football from Illinois
San Diego State Aztecs football coaches
Sportspeople from Naperville, Illinois
Sportspeople from the Chicago metropolitan area
Super Bowl-winning head coaches
Catholics from Texas
Catholics from California
Catholics from Illinois
Catholics from

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<mask>  is an international advisor, speaker, and company director. She is a founding member of the European Union's Global Tech Panel, and Chair of Treasury Corporation of Victoria. She is co-founder of Pottinger and Atomli Inc. Her thinking on disruption, diversity, philanthropy, and business leadership has been featured in articles, speeches and books. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Sydney, Australia. She attended the University of Sydney and received a Bachelor in Economics (Honours in Finance), with a major in Commercial Law / Accounting. Her Honours year focused on finance and the economics of developing nations and economics.Executive career
After working as a fund manager, she was hired by McKinsey & Company and moved to Johannesburg, where she was one of the early founders of the global risk management practice. Following that, she worked at HSBC in London and then Deutsche Bank where she was based in New York City, leading investment into early fintech/online platforms such as Tradeweb, Market Axess and Creditex. In 2001 she was hired as the Vice President of GMAC Commercial Mortgage Asia, based in Tokyo. She founded Pottinger in 2003, a global advisory business, with Nigel Lake. She was initially CEO and then became global chair of Pottinger. She developed Pottinger's proprietary "destination-led strategy" which is used by leaders in business and government. Business Spectator reported that <mask> drives a responsible and ethical business culture through recruitment of individuals "with a true understanding of what feels correct, ethical, decent, humane, authentic behaviour.People who have the courage to say 'no' to clients". Board appointments
In August 2017, <mask> was appointed as Chairperson of Treasury Corporation

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 Victoria, the central financing authority for the State of Victoria, established by an Act of the Victorian Parliament, having previously been appointed as Deputy Chairperson in 2015. In early 2017, <mask> was appointed as Chair of the NYC-based technology startup Atomli Inc. Previous board appointments include:

2017 - Chair, Livetiles
2014 - Director of Flight Centre Travel Group
2014 - Chair, Allpress Espresso International
2010 - Director, University of New South Wales Foundation, the Fundraising Board of that university
2009 - Vice President, Women in Banking & Finance
2006 - Director,  Starlight Children’s Foundation Australia
2006 - Director, Children’s Cancer Institute of Australia & <mask> was also the Chair of the Audit & Risk Management Committee

A former member for the Australian Federal Treasury's Inclusive Workplace Committee

<mask> is also:

A member of the European Union's Global Tech Panel https://eeas.europa.eu/topics/sanctions-policy/50886/about-global-tech-panel_en</ref>, a member and Chair of the Global Council of Exponent https://exponent.org/ a global coalition that amplifies gender equity initiatives and partners to spark new ones, a member of The International Advisory Board for The Resolution Project, a member of the Global Leadership Council for MS Research Australia, an advisory council member for the Center for Universal Education at the Brookings Institution, and works with experts in access to global education including the former PM of Australia Hon. Julia Gillard. Recognition
<mask> is an advisor to the G20, as a member of the B20 Digitalization Taskforce and the Health Taskforce. Previously she was a member of the Infrastructure and Financing Taskforce.In 2014, <mask> spoke at the G20 Finance Ministers and

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 Reserve Bank Governors Meeting, the B20 Summit on Financing Growth and the G(irls)20. In 2017 she was named one of Australia's Best Chairs. In 2015, <mask> was named a Director to Watch, by Directors & Boards, a quarterly US journal dedicated to the topics of leadership and corporate governance. The Australian has quoted her thoughts on business leadership: "we are now living in a world where managements and boards have to be more nimble and collaborative and curious, because we are in an environment where companies have to embrace uncertainty". At Daze of Disruption in 2015, she spoke about the importance of investing outside of core business operations in order that organisations remain vital in the future. In 2010 the Australian Financial Review article 'Women to Watch: Cultural Change' in 2010 featured her, as did the Australian Financial Review 100 Women of Influence Awards in 2012, where she was acknowledged as one of the top 10 women in management and on boards. In 2014 she was acknowledged as the Instyle magazine's and Audi's business-woman of style and has subsequently been on the judging panel.<mask> was made a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in the 2019 Queen's Birthday Honours in recognition of her "significant service to business through executive roles, and as an advocate for gender equity". Community and philanthropy
In 2012, <mask> founded The Glass Elevator, a program designed to help connect, engage and inspire women in industry and government. <mask> has participated in the Vinnies CEO Sleepout, an annual Australian initiative raising awareness and raising funds to break the cycle of homelessness, and has been a member of the Vinnies' Advisory Board for the event. Thread Publishing has shared her thoughts on

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 philanthropy and how Pottinger was created with the intention of being a social and commercial enterprise. Publications
The book Leadership Revelations III: How we Achieve the Gender Tipping Point by Avril Henry, published in 2015 featured her thoughts on gender equality. Aside from her public speaking engagements on matters of disruption and strategy, <mask> has presented at a number of forums focused on human rights and the issue of diversity. Examples include:
 2017 at the Global Summit of Women in Tokyo on a panel about how to accelerate women's access to board seats.2016 at the Global Summit of Women in Warsaw, Poland
 2015 at UN Women in Sydney
 2014 at All About Women held at the Sydney Opera House on the role that women need to play in each other's success, through mentoring, encouraging strength and courage, and by creating a workplace culture that is truly innovative, inclusive and caring. Leaders in heels features her speech, quoting "We need to start a tidal wave movement. One that supports and encourages other women and one that demands opportunities for women". 2014 at W21 on advancing women's leadership at the G20 summit. 2014 at the Global Summit of Women in Paris on the urgency for practical steps to close the gender gap. 2013 at the Global Summit of Women in Malaysia, debating the topic of quotas versus voluntary initiatives to achieve gender parity in corporate leadership, particularly the boardroom. <mask> has spoken in Australia, New Zealand, the UAE, Malaysia, Europe, the USA and Japan (by invitation from Shinzō Abe) on gender equality.References

External links
 Pottinger website
 The Glass Elevator website
 <mask> website

Living people
Australian women in business
Year of birth missing (living people)
Members of the

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<mask> (1717–1769) was a prominent Virginia educator and Anglican cleric during the American Colonial period and the progenitor of the prominent <mask> political family. The Reverend <mask> was a figure in the notable lawsuit that became known as "The Parson's Cause" in 1763, in which the young attorney Patrick Henry argued that the colony had the right to establish its own method of payment to clergy (which had been vetoed by the Crown). Born in Dublin of French Protestant "Huguenot" descent, <mask> came to the Virginia colony as an infant with his parents. He became educated and attended The College of William and Mary. He went to England to become ordained as an Anglican minister in 1741. He established his own classical school for boys, where he taught the young Thomas Jefferson among others. In February 1742, <mask> went to England and was ordained as an Anglican cleric of the established Church of England.Returning to Virginia, The Reverend <mask> was in charge for one year of a parish in King William County and then served for 18 years in Louisa County at Fredericksville Parish. He was highly regarded for his piety and learning. <mask> was in charge of his parish until his death on June 9, 1769. Early life and education
He was the son of <mask>, a French Huguenot, who was born in Castel Mauron, in Gascony, and his wife, Mary Anne Fontaine, daughter of Rev. <mask> and Anne Elizabeth Boursiquot. <mask> was born per his tombstone, April 8, 1717, in Dublin. Shortly after his birth, the family emigrated to the Virginia colony, where hundreds of Huguenot refugees had settled above the falls

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Maury
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James Maury
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James Fontaine
James Maury