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 represented by fellow Republican Gary Miller. Although it was geographically more Miller's district than <mask>'s, <mask> would have been favored in a primary battle with Miller–which would have been the real contest in this heavily Republican district. Ultimately, Miller opted to move to the neighboring 31st District, effectively handing the seat to <mask>. <mask> defeated Jay Chen in the general election.Tenure

In 2012 he was endorsed by 11 of 14 Republicans as chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee and has served as chairman since January 2013. <mask> voted in favor of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. Committee assignments

 Committee on Financial Services
 Subcommittee on Capital Markets, Insurance and Government-Sponsored Enterprises
 Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit
 Committee on Foreign Affairs, Chair

Caucus memberships
 Human Rights Caucus
 Congressional Military Family Caucus
 Congressional Internet Caucus
 House Recycling Caucus
 Victim’s Rights Caucus
 International Conservation Caucus
 Congressional Caucus on Korea
 Congressional Caucus on India and Indian Americans
 Congressional Caucus on Vietnam
 Taiwan Caucus
 U.S. Philippines Friendship Caucus
 Congressional Cement Caucus
Climate Solutions Caucus
 House Baltic Caucus
 Republican Study Committee
 Co-Chair United States Congressional International Conservation Caucus

Retirement
Situated in a district that supported Hillary Clinton in the 2016 Presidential election by a margin of eight points, <mask> was widely viewed as one of the most vulnerable members of Congress. As of December 2017, polling in the 39th District showed a 36% approval rating for <mask> and a 60% disapproval rating for President Trump. Additionally, the data showed that a large majority of voters disapproved of <mask>'s public support and vote in favor of the Republican Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. Acknowledging the difficult campaign ahead and the end of his six-year term as Chairman of the House Foreign Relations Committee, <mask> decided to announce his

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 retirement and decision to not run for reelection in 2018 via Twitter on January 8, 2018. Thirty minutes following his announcement, President Trump formally nominated <mask>'s wife <mask> to be Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs.In retiring, <mask> joined the "casualty list" of 36 Republican members of the 115th Congress who have left or announced their intention to leave the House of Representatives. Political positions and PACs

<mask> voted in line with President Trump's position in 97.9% of the votes in the 115th United States Congress. For the 114th United States Congress, <mask> was ranked as the 27th most bipartisan member of the U.S. House of Representatives (and the most bipartisan member of the U.S. House of Representatives from California) in the Bipartisan Index created by The Lugar Center and the McCourt School of Public Policy that ranks members of the United States Congress by their degree of bipartisanship (by measuring the frequency each member's bills attract co-sponsors from the opposite party and each member's co-sponsorship of bills by members of the opposite party). Over his career, <mask> has received nearly $7 million from PACs. In the 2016 race, he raised over $4.2 million and spent over $3.5 million. His campaign committee received funds from Northwest Excavating, Deutsche Bank, Morgan Stanley and NorPac. The Sunlight Foundation gave <mask>'s web site a 24 percent rating for transparency, with 40 percent being considered a passing score.<mask>'s website highlights support from conservative groups such as 60 Plus  and business organizations such as the National Taxpayers Union and Citizens Against Government Waste. He received praise from the American Share Holders Association, Citizens for a Sound Economy, and the Small Business Survival Committee. For the 113th Congress, the Washington Post named <mask> as one of the “10 most effective lawmakers in the U.S. Congress”, citing his authorship of the Global Anti-Poaching Act (H.R. 2494) and the Hizballah International Financing

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 Prevention Act of 2015 (H.R. 2297). Domestic policy
<mask>'s voting record, his scores on VoteMatch, and ratings by the Cato Institute indicate mixed or moderate positions on free trade, privatization of social security, campaign finance, and tax reform. Abortion

<mask> is pro-life.Banking deregulation, business issues
One of <mask>'s early signature issues was banking deregulation. He has sponsored legislation on tax policy, small businesses, and credit. Many of his biggest campaign contributors have been banks: his five top contributors in 2006 were Credit Union National Assn, Irvine Co., Wells Fargo, Orange County Teachers Fed Credit Union, and GUS plc. He is among the representatives receiving the largest percentage of their campaign contributions from the banking industry. On November 13, 2013, <mask> introduced the Credit Union Share Insurance Fund Parity Act (H.R. 3468; 113th Congress) into the House. The bill would expand federal deposit insurance to include Interest on Lawyer Trust Accounts (IOLTAs) and similar escrow accounts housed within credit unions.Cannabis

<mask> has a "C" rating from NORML regarding his voting record on cannabis-related matters. He voted against allowing veterans access to medical marijuana, if legal in their state, per their Veterans Health Administration doctor's recommendation. Guns

<mask> has a "A" rating from the National Rifle Association regarding his voting record on gun-related matters. In the wake of the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting, <mask> posted on Facebook: "We need to defeat the terrorists and make it our top national security priority to prevail in the war against radical Islamic extremism." Taxes and budgets
He has received 14 "Taxpayer Friend Awards" from the National Taxpayers' Union. <mask> opposes funding for the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC). <mask> has posited that these overseas investments expose taxpayers to a serious potential liability, just like the S&L crisis did.Victims' rights
<mask> sponsored anti-stalking legislation signed into law by President

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 Bill Clinton, which was based on legislation <mask> had authored as a California State Senator. In 2003, he sponsored another bill as US representative related to victims. Health care
On May 4, 2017, he voted to repeal the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) and pass the American Health Care Act. Foreign policy
In foreign policy, <mask>'s voting record has earned a 0% rating from the peace organization SANE. In 2011, <mask> voted against the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012 as part of a controversial provision that allows the government and the military to indefinitely detain American citizens and others without trial. Iran nuclear agreement
In 2016, <mask> criticized the Iran nuclear agreement and Obama administration harshly, saying the deal was "a financial windfall” for Iran and a "a cash bonanza, a boost to its international standing, and a lighted path toward nuclear weapons." He called for re-introducing sanctions on Iran.Later, in 2017, after Donald Trump had become President, <mask> said that he was in favor of staying in the Iran nuclear agreement. North Korea

<mask> serves as a senior member of the Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Asia. He and has been especially involved in policy regarding North Korea, working on issues such as human rights, counterfeiting of U.S. currency, nuclear proliferation, and stopping repatriation of refugees. <mask>'s district includes Fullerton, which has a large population of Korean immigrants. During a slow-rolling crisis in 2017 between the US and North Korea, <mask> introduced legislation expanding sanctions against North Korea and requiring that its designation as a state sponsor of terror be reinstated. Conflicts in Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya, and Yemen
<mask> was a supporter of the US wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. In 2002, he voted in favor of authorizing President George W. Bush to use force in Iraq.In 2003, he voted yes on an emergency appropriation of $78 billion for the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. From 2003-06, he voted in favor of the annual


texts:
 supplemental spending bill to continue funding for the Iraq war. In 2005, he voted against Amendment 214 to HR 1815, which called on Bush to develop a plan for withdrawing U.S. troops from Iraq; in favor of Amendment 488 to HR 2601 to keep troops in Iraq; and in favor of HR 612 opposing a timetable for withdrawal of troops from Iraq. In 2006, he voted for HR 861, a resolution labeling the war in Iraq as part of a global war against terrorism. He has supported U.S. broadcasting efforts in Asia, initiating legislation to create Radio Free Asia and Radio Free Afghanistan on the model of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. <mask> had a mixed voting record on the 2011 US involvement in Libya. In 2015, he supported the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen.Genocide in Myanmar
In 2018, <mask> condemned the genocide of the Rohingya Muslim minority in Myanmar and called for a stronger response to the crisis, saying that "Defining these atrocities for what they are is critical to building international public awareness – and support – to stop them." Africa
<mask> was formerly chair of the Africa Subcommittee. He co-led, with Colin Powell, a delegation to observe Nigeria's historic elections in 1999 and led a delegation to Darfur to bring attention to the ongoing genocide in 2005 and led efforts in the House to bring Charles Taylor, the former President of Liberia, to stand trial before the Special Court of Sierra Leone. Legislation
On April 26, 2013, <mask> introduced the North Korea Sanctions Enforcement Act of 2013 (H.R. 1771; 113th Congress), a bill that would increase U.S. sanctions on North Korea. <mask> said that "by shutting down North Korea's illicit activities, we deprive the Kim regime of the money he needs to pay his generals and to conduct nuclear weapons research." <mask> also argued that "North Korea is undoubtedly one of the most significant security threats that we here face and our allies face."On June 27, 2013, <mask> introduced the Electrify Africa Act of 2013 (H.R. 2548; 113th Congress), a bill that would direct the President to

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 establish a multiyear strategy to assist countries in sub-Saharan Africa develop an appropriate mix of power solutions to provide sufficient electricity access to people living in rural and urban areas in order to alleviate poverty and drive economic growth. On November 13, 2013, <mask> introduced the Taiwan Relations Act Affirmation and Naval Vessel Transfer Act of 2014 (H.R. 3470; 113th Congress) into the House. The bill would allow the sale of several Oliver Hazard Perry-class frigates to Mexico, Thailand, and Taiwan. Four naval vessels would be sold to Taiwan for about $10 million each. Mexico and Thailand would each receive two vessels as a grant.<mask> argued in favor of the bill saying that "these ships would bolster Taiwan's defense." <mask> also said that "these transfers help support the priorities of the U.S. Navy while strengthening the capability of allies and our close partners to meet our share maritime security objectives." In January 2017, <mask> introduced a House resolution condemning the UN Security Council Resolution 2334, which condemned Israeli settlement building in the occupied Palestinian territories as a violation of international law. Awards and honors
 Order of Brilliant Star with Grand Cordon – Republic of China
 Order of Brilliant Star with Special Grand Cordon – Republic of China

Personal life
<mask> is married to Marie Therese Porter, a businesswoman, former Professor at California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, and the Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs. References

External links

 Join California <mask>

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1951 births
21st-century American politicians
Activists from California
California Republicans
California state senators
California State University, Fullerton alumni
American critics of Islam
Living people
Members of the United States House of Representatives from California
People from Fullerton, California
Recipients of the Order of Brilliant Star
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Tea Party movement

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<mask>, 14th Earl of Oxford (14 August 1499 – 14 July 1526) was an English peer and landowner. By inheritance he was Lord Great Chamberlain of England, and in June 1520, at the age of twenty, he attended King Henry VIII at the Field of the Cloth of Gold. The young earl was considered a wastrel: in 1523 the king ordered him to moderate his hunting, to eat and drink less, to give up late nights, and to be less extravagant in his dress. He died at the age of twenty-six. Family
<mask>, born 14 August 1499, was the second but only surviving son of Sir George Vere and his second wife, Margaret, the daughter of Sir William Stafford of Bishop's Frome in Herefordshire by Elizabeth Wrottesley, daughter of Hugh Wrottesley, esquire. Sir George Vere had been intended for the priesthood, and in 1459, when he was only sixteen, his father, <mask>, 12th Earl of Oxford, appointed him to a benefice in Lavenham, Suffolk. However both the 12th Earl and his eldest son and heir, <mask>, were executed in February 1462, and George then became second in line to the earldom as the potential heir to his brother, <mask>, 13th Earl of Oxford.Instead of George, his younger brother, Richard, became a priest, and in 1459 George married, as his first wife, Margaret Talbot (d. December 1472), the sister and coheir of Thomas Talbot, 2nd Viscount Lisle (d. March 1470). He fought at the Battle of Barnet on 14 April 1471, and was with his elder brother, <mask> Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford, when he seized St. Michael's Mount in Cornwall on 30 September 1473. Sir George Vere was attainted in Parliament in early 1475,

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Aubrey de Vere
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 together with his brothers, <mask> and Thomas. Ross states that Sir George Vere was never officially pardoned, although Richardson states that his attainder was reversed when King Henry VII came to the throne in 1485. By his father's second marriage to Margaret Stafford, <mask> Vere had four sisters:

Elizabeth, who married Sir Anthony Wingfield (born before 1488, died 15 August 1552) of Letheringham, Suffolk, by whom she had eight sons and seven daughters. Margaret, about whom nothing further is known. Dorothy (died 1527), who married <mask>, 3rd Baron Latimer (1493–1543), by whom she had a son, <mask>, 4th Baron Latimer (died 1577), and a daughter, Margaret Neville (died 1545).After Dorothy's death her husband married secondly, Elizabeth, the daughter of Sir Edward Musgrave, and thirdly, Katherine Parr (1512–1548), who after Baron Latimer's death became the sixth and last wife of King Henry VIII. Ursula (died 1558), who married firstly, George Windsor (died before 1520), eldest son and heir apparent of Andrew Windsor, 1st Baron Windsor (died 1543), and secondly, Sir Edmund Knightley (died 1542), but had no issue. Career
Sir George Vere died in 1503, leaving a will dated 21 August 1500 which was proved on 3 April 1503. At his father's death <mask> Vere, who was then a child of four, became a royal ward. In 1513, <mask> inherited the estates and honours of his uncle, <mask> Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford, who had died at Castle Hedingham on 10 March 1513. On 22 April, he was the chief mourner at his uncle's impressive funeral, at which nine hundred black gowns were given out to

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texts: the mourners in attendance. The 13th Earl of Oxford was buried at Colne Priory, and at the burial ceremony 'A mounted knight, armed with an axe, was led into the choir by two knights and delivered the axe to the bishop, who gave it to the heir'.When <mask> Vere was only twelve years of age, the 13th Earl had married his nephew and heir presumptive to Anne Howard, a daughter of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, by his second wife, Agnes Tilney, a marriage which served the purpose of uniting the families of the two greatest magnates in East Anglia. The marriage settlement was dated 16 November 1511 and the ceremony took place before 1 May 1512. Although the marriage settlement itself does not survive, evidence of its provisions is found in the 13th Earl's will. On 29 May 1514, Henry VIII, in the exercise of his royal prerogative, treated <mask>'s marriage as technically invalid on the grounds that <mask> had been under the age of fourteen at the date of the marriage. As was his prerogative right as king, he offered to <mask>, who by then had succeeded as the 14th Earl and become a royal ward, Margaret Courtenay as a bride. De Vere refused Margaret. The King then granted both <mask>'s future marriage and the fine imposed on him for his rejection of Margaret Courtenay to <mask>'s father-in-law, Norfolk.At the same time, the King granted to Norfolk, during the 14th Earl's minority, custody of the Earl's lands, as well as the reversion of lands held in dower by the 13th Earl's widow, the Dowager Countess Elizabeth, and the offices of Lord Great Chamberlain of England, Steward

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texts: of the Forest of Essex, and Constable of Colchester Castle. The 14th Earl attended Henry VIII at the Field of the Cloth of Gold in June 1520, where he was one of the judges of the foot races. In 1520, he came of age and was granted livery of his lands on 16 August of that year. In 1522, he was in attendance when King Henry met the Emperor Charles V between Dover and Canterbury. His modern biographer, James Ross, considers the 14th Earl "an incompetent wastrel". In 1523, when he was twenty-four years of age, the King commanded him, through Cardinal Wolsey, to discharge his household and live with his father-in-law, the Duke of Norfolk, and demean himself lovingly towards his wife. He was restricted to a household of only twenty men and women, was not allowed to grant any offices or annuities, and was ordered to "moderate his excessive hunting, drink less wine, not stay up late, eat less meat, and forbear excessive and superfluous apparel".Nonetheless, the Earl was at court in 1525 and 1526, officiating in June 1525 when the King's illegitimate son, Henry FitzRoy, was created Earl of Nottingham and witnessing the charter for the creation of Wolsey's college, Cardinal College, on 5 May 1526. The 14th Earl died on 14 July 1526, aged twenty-six, and was buried in Colne Priory at Earls Colne in Essex. No trace of his tomb remains. At his death, his office of Lord Great Chamberlain reverted to the crown, as did the Barony of Plaiz. The 14th Earl left no issue and was succeeded by his second cousin, <mask> Vere, 15th Earl of Oxford. Both were great-grandsons of <mask> Vere, 11th

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 Earl of Oxford. After the 14th Earl's death, his widow complained to both Cardinal Wolsey and to her brother, Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, about the 15th Earl's conduct towards her.On 11 August 1526, she wrote to Wolsey alleging that the 15th Earl, Sir <mask> and their men had on two occasions broken into the park at Lavenham and killed more than one hundred deer. On 22 August, she wrote to her brother complaining that the new Earl continued to retain possession of Castle Camps. The Dowager Countess was back in possession during the years 1530–34, when she sent several letters to Thomas Cromwell from Castle Camps, in one of which she complained of a certain <mask>, parson of Belchamp Otten, "who in my lord my husband's time convented with other to have poisoned me". The Earl's widow survived him for many years, dying before 22 February 1558/59, when she was buried in the Howard chapel in the Church of St Mary-at-Lambeth. The 14th Earl of Oxford is said to have been referred to as "<mask> of Campes" because of his diminutive stature. According to Cokayne, however, "it is much more likely that he was so called because he was a child, and that the other story was invented to account for the nickname". Notes

References

External links
Grant to Duke of Norfolk in May 1514 of marriage of <mask> Vere, and custody of his lands, 2964, no.80
 Raynsford, Sir <mask> (1482-1559), History of Parliament
 Howard Chapel, Church of St Mary, Lambeth

1499 births
1526 deaths
Lord Great Chamberlains
<mask> Vere, 14th Earl
<mask>
15th-century English people
16th-century English

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<mask>, 1st Baron <mask> of Penshurst,  (20 June 1858 – 2 August 1944) was a British diplomat and statesman who served as Viceroy and Governor-General of India from 1910 to 1916. Background and education

Hardinge was the second son of <mask>, 2nd Viscount <mask>, and the grandson of <mask>, 1st Viscount <mask>, a former Governor-General of India. He was educated Cheam School, Harrow School and at Trinity College, Cambridge. Career

Hardinge entered the diplomatic service in 1880. He was appointed the first secretary at Tehran in 1896, and the first secretary at Saint Petersburg in 1898, when he was promoted over the heads of seventeen of his seniors. After a brief tenure as Assistant Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs, he became Ambassador to Russia, in 1904. In 1906, he was promoted to the position of Permanent Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office, where, despite his own conservatism, worked closely with Liberal Foreign Secretary Sir Edward Grey.In 1907, he declined the post of Ambassador to the United States. In 1910, <mask> was raised to the peerage as Baron <mask> of Penshurst, in the County of Kent, and appointed by the Asquith government as Viceroy of India. His tenure was a memorable one, and included the visit of King George V, and the Delhi Durbar of 1911, as well as the move of the capital from Calcutta to New Delhi, in 1911. Although <mask> was the target of assassination attempts with bomb attack by Indian nationalists Rashbehari Bose and Sachin Sanyal, his tenure included an improvement of relations between the British administration and the nationalists, as a consequence of the implementation of

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 the Morley-Minto reforms of 1909; and of Hardinge's own admiration for Mohandas Gandhi and criticism of the South African government's anti-Indian immigration policies.. The Hardinge Railway bridge in Bangladesh was constructed and inaugurated(1915) in his tenure. It continues to serve a crucial a role in the country's railway network even today. Hardinge's efforts paid off in 1914 during the First World War.Due to improved colonial relationships, Britain was able to deploy nearly all of the British troops in India as well as many native Indian troops to areas outside of India. In particular the British Indian Army was able to play a significant (though initially mismanaged) role in the Mesopotamian campaign. In 1916, <mask> returned to his former post in England as Permanent Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office, serving with Arthur Balfour. In 1920 he became ambassador to France before his retirement in 1922. Orders
As well as the distinction of being awarded 6 British knighthood's, he also gained foreign awards :
Knight of Grace of Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England. Grand officer in the Legion of Honour, from France. Grand cross of the Crown of Italy.Order of the Immaculate Conception of Vila Viçosa, from Portugal. Order of the Redeemer, from Greece. Order of Charles III, from Spain. Order of St. Olav, from Norway. Order of Alexander Nevsky, from Russia. Order of the Dannebrog, from Denmark. Order of Vasa, from Sweden.Personal life

He married his first cousin Winifred Selina Sturt on 17 April 1890, over the objections of her family, due to the couple's consanguinity and Hardinge's financial status.


texts:
 She was the 2nd daughter of Henry Gerard Sturt, 1st Baron Alington, by his first wife Lady Augusta Bingham, 1st daughter of <mask> Bingham, 3rd Earl of Lucan. The couple had a daughter, <mask> (1900-1927), and two sons, Edward and Alexander (1894–1960), who succeeded him as Baron <mask> of Penshurst. The 1st Baron <mask> of Penshurst is commemorated at St John the Baptist, Penshurst. His eldest son, The Hon. <mask>, died 18 December 1914, aged 22, from wounds while serving as a Lieutenant with the 15th (The King's) Hussars in France. He was also the godson of Alexandra of Denmark.<mask> was a bridesmaid at the wedding of Prince Albert, Duke of York, and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon on 3 May 1923. Styles and honours
Hardinge had the unusual distinction of being a non-royal recipient of six British

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<mask> (February 24, 1890 – October 2, 1961) was a noted American economist whose work focused on labor economics. He also served on a number of important boards and commissions for the federal government. Early life
<mask> was born in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1890 to Morris and Yetta (Wachsman) <mask>, first generation Polish-Jewish immigrants to the United States. He attended Johns Hopkins University, receiving his A.B. degree  in 1911 and his Ph.D. in political economy in 1913. After receiving his doctorate, Wolman worked as a special agent for the Commission on Industrial Relations, a U.S. federal government commission which investigated industrial working conditions in the United States from 1912 to 1915. Returning to academia after the Commission ended its work, he taught at Hobart College, Johns Hopkins University, and the University of Michigan.After the United States entered World War I in 1917, he served on the Council of National Defense (a U.S. federal government agency which advised the President on economic production issues) and later was appointed head of the section on production statistics of the War Industries Board. In 1919, he served six months with the American Peace Mission which negotiated the Treaty of Versailles. Academic and public career
Returning to the U.S. in late 1919, Wolman joined the faculty at the New School for Social Research, where he remained for 19 years. In 1920, he became director of research for the Amalgamated Clothing Workers Union (ACWU), resigning in 1931. In 1922 he was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association. During this time, he was a director of the Amalgamated Bank of Chicago and the Amalgamated Bank of New York, banks owned by the ACWU, and Amalgamated Investors, Inc., an ACWU-owned investment trust. He became a freelance researcher for the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) in the mid-1920s, and formally joined the staff in 1931, directing its labor research programs and in time becoming director-at-large for research.A number of studies he

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 authored for NBER became the subject of national attention and debate, including a 1925, he report on the size and strength of labor unions in the United States, a 1929 study on changes in patterns of consumption and the effect on standards of living, and a 1930 report on the role of public works in helping reduce unemployment. Although he increasingly disassociated himself from the labor movement after the early 1930s, he still supported unions in certain circumstances. For example, he was one of many educators who signed an open letter denouncing violence against labor union members in the "Harlan County War" in 1932. He was appointed a lecturer at Harvard University in 1930. But in 1931, he was appointed a full professor of economics at Columbia University, remaining there until his retirement in 1958. Wesley Clair Mitchell, a highly influential economist and colleague at NBER, lobbied heavily for Wolman to be added to the faculty. His association with the trade union movement led to a lengthy career in government service.In 1921, Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover appointed Wolman to the Conference on Unemployment, a federal conference charged with studying unemployment during the Post-World War I recession. His service led to additional work for labor unions. Wolman helped the ACWU negotiate unemployment benefits for its members in the mid-1920s, and with the onset of the Great Depression he was lecturing union audiences on unemployment in 1930. Governor of New York Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed him in October 1930 to a committee to recommend solutions to the unemployment problem facing that state, and he was chair of a seven-state commission on unemployment in 1931. He became a strong advocate for federal unemployment insurance, and co-authored a major study of European economies in 1932 which linked dropping standards of living to lack of unemployment benefits. National Recovery Administration
In June 1933, Wolman was appointed to the staff of the National Recovery Administration (NRA), which led to a critical


texts: role in the regulation of labor relations. His initial appointment was as an expert on labor to NRA Administrator Hugh S. Johnson in the industrial section.Four days later, Labor Secretary Francis Perkins appointed him chair of the NRA Labor Advisory Board, with authority to meet with the NRA Industry Advisory Board and representatives of labor and industry to set codes for minimum wages and maximum hours of work and to establish fair trade practices. On August 1, 1933, <mask> was appointed (along the Hugh S. Johnson and Deputy NRA Administrator Nelson Slater) to a board to mediate disputes arising under the newly approved cotton textile code. Three days later, <mask> and Walter C. Teagle, chair of the NRA's Industry Advisory Board, established (with President Roosevelt's agreement) the National Labor Board (NLB) to help resolve strikes and other industrial disputes arising under NRA codes. The National Labor Board was led by Senator Robert F. Wagner, and Wolman was one of six members appointed to the Board on August 5. Less than a week later, <mask> (acting as chair of the NLB while Senator Wagner was overseas) and the other members of the NLB established a key policy of New Deal labor policy. The Full-Fashioned Hosiery Workers Union launched an organizing drive in the summer of 1933 in the silk stocking mills around Reading, Pennsylvania. The employers refused to recognize the union, and 10,000 workers went on strike.On August 10, 1933, the NLB mediated a settlement. Known as the "Reading Formula," the settlement consisted of four parts: (1) That the union call off the strike; (2) That all employees be rehired immediately, without retaliation; (3) That the NLB hold elections in which the workers would vote by secret ballot for their own representatives, and that both parties would negotiate a collective bargaining agreement covering wages, hours and working conditions; and (4) That in the event of any disagreement on any matter, the parties would submit the dispute to the NLB for binding arbitration. The "Reading

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texts: Formula" proved useful in settling large numbers of labor disputes, including strikes in silk mills in Paterson, New Jersey; silk mills in Allentown, Pennsylvania; tool and die factories in Detroit, Michigan; and coal mines in Illinois. By the end of August, however, the "Reading Formula" was being opposed by employers, whose company unions were losing representational elections to worker-controlled unions. <mask> and Teagle, chairmen of the NRA's Labor Advisory Board and Industry Advisory Board (respectively), worked out an agreement to accommodate industry concerns regarding implementation of Section 7(a) of the National Industrial Recovery Act, but President Roosevelt rejected this agreement on September 15. But the situation deteriorated through December, to the point where major employers were not longer taking their labor disputes to the Board. To strengthen the NLB's powers vis-a-vis employers, President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 6511 on December 16, 1933.The order ratified the Board's prior activities, including its decisions and representational elections. The order also authorized the Board to "settle by mediation, conciliation or arbitration all controversies between employers and employees which tend to impede the purpose of the National Industrial Recovery Act." But E.O. 6511 said nothing about elections, and did not address the Board's enforcement powers. Roosevelt issued a new order, E.O. 6580, on February 1, 1934. The order gave the Board explicit power to authorize, upon a showing by a substantial number of employees, representational elections to determine majority status, and appeared to give the winning organization exclusive representation for employees in the bargaining unit (although this interpretation was widely contested).Upset with the increasingly regulatory approach being taken toward national labor relations policy, Wolman attempted to resign from the NLB on February 24, 1934, but was persuaded by Roosevelt, Johnson and Wagner to withdraw his resignation. The NLB's interpretation of


texts:
 Section 7(a), however, increasing diverged from that espoused by Johnson. On March 1, 1934, the Board issued its decision in Denver Tramway Corporation. The Board held that, where a union had obtained a majority of the votes cast in a government-sponsored representational election, any collective bargaining agreement would have to cover all employees in the bargaining unit. Until Denver Tramway, unions had bargained only for their own members. A union which represented only half the bus drivers in a company, for example, would bargain a contract only on behalf of its members. Another union could represent the other bus drivers.In many cases, several unions represented the same workers in one company, each union bargaining a different contract for however many members it represented. Denver Tramway was a major turning point in American labor law because it established the rule of exclusive representation. This rule said that a union which won the majority of votes in an election would win the right to represent all workers. Even when several unions competed against one another and no union won a majority of the votes, the union with the most votes still won the right to represent all workers. Auto Labor Board
Wolman also played a major role in the initial organizing of the automotive manufacturing industry. The American Federation of Labor (AFL) had attempted to organize auto workers since the early 1920s with little success. Later career
On May 27, 1935, the Supreme Court of the United States held in Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 295 U.S. 495 (1935) that Title I of the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 was unconstitutional.The passage of the National Labor Relations Act into law on July 5, 1935, abolished the ALB. These two events led to the end of <mask>'s career as a public servant, as President Roosevelt did not appoint him to any new positions in government. <mask> returned to the faculty at Columbia University. He repeatedly voiced strong criticism of the new National Labor Relations Act, and argued

masks: Wolman Wolman


texts:
 that organized labor's goal was totalitarian control over the economy. His criticisms of labor unions led directly to the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947, and he testified before the Senate Banking and Currency Committee in 1949 on the monopolistic practices of trade unions. He also became a strong critic of the New Deal. On June 3, 1936, he co-authored a letter with Newton D. Baker and Lewis Williams Douglas which appeared in The New York Times and which attacked the New Deal as dictatorial and communist.The letter was widely condemned as self-contradictory, and largely ignored in the nation's capital. He argued that the federal minimum wage laws, unemployment benefits, eight-hour day rules, and overtime requirements hindered economic recovery. <mask> died at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City on October 2, 1961, after a long illness. He was survived by his wife, Cecil (Clark<mask>, and his son, Eric. Support for Jews in Palestine
In the 1920s, Wolman became active in supporting Jews in Palestine. He issued a report on ways to improve economic conditions in the area, and joined the newly formed Friends of Palestine in 1929 to support Jewish institutions of culture and higher education in the region. He was listed in the annual "who's who" of influential Jewish leaders in 1931.References

External links

"Records of the National Recovery Administration (NRA). Record Group 9, 1927-37. Guide to Federal Records in the National Archives of the United States. 3 vols. Compiled by Robert B. Matchette et al. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1995. 1890 births
1961 deaths
American people of Polish-Jewish descent
American Zionists
Johns Hopkins University alumni
Harvard University staff
Columbia University faculty
Leaders of American trade unions
National Recovery Administration
People from Baltimore
Polish-American culture in Baltimore
Polish-Jewish culture in Maryland
Fellows of the American Statistical Association
Foundation for Economic Education
Economists from Maryland
20th-century

masks:
Wolman
) Wolman


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<mask> (August 16, 1930 – February 3, 2021) was an American amateur world No. 1 tennis champion and long-time tennis author, TV commentator, instructor, and motivational speaker. <mask> was ranked world No. 1 amateur by many sources in 1953, by Ned Potter and The New York Times in 1954 and by Lance Tingay and Ned Potter in 1955. He was the winner of ten Grand Slam titles – five in singles and five in doubles. He won two French singles championships, two U.S. National Men's Singles Championships, and one Wimbledon gentlemen's singles championship. Until Michael Chang won the French Open in 1989, <mask> was the last American to hoist the championship trophy.He turned professional in the fall of 1955. He won the French Professional Championships at Roland Garros in 1956 and 1959. Tennis career

Amateur

<mask> was a stand-out athlete in tennis and basketball at the University of Cincinnati, and was a member of Sigma Chi Fraternity. In 1951, he won the NCAA Championship Singles title. He played doubles with Bob Mault and was coached by George Menefee, who later became the head trainer for the Los Angeles Rams. <mask> was also a starter on the Cincinnati Bearcats basketball team at the University of Cincinnati. Previously, at Walnut Hills High School in Cincinnati, he had been Ohio scholastic champion three times and played guard on the 1948 basketball team that won the District Championship.A native of Cincinnati, <mask> grew up two houses down from a public park. It had clay courts that helped hone his groundstrokes. By age 11, <mask> was winning junior tournaments. <mask> honed his tennis skills on the courts of the Cincinnati Tennis Club with the help of another member of that club, fellow International Tennis Hall of Famer Billy Talbert. Talbert became <mask>'s

masks:
Marion Anthony Trabert
Trabert
Trabert
Trabert
Trabert
Trabert
Trabert
Trabert
Trabert


texts: mentor. In 1951, <mask> posted his first win over Talbert in the final of Cincinnati's international tennis tournament (now known as the Cincinnati Masters). In the midst of his amateur career, <mask>'s game was interrupted by a two-year stint in the Navy, serving on the aircraft carrier USS Coral Sea during the Korean War, but this did not stop him.In 1953, <mask> won the men's singles in the Ojai Tennis Tournament. After winning his first Grand Slam singles title at the U. S. Championships in 1953 (over Vic Seixas in the final), <mask> was ranked the world No. 1 amateur for 1953 by Lance Tingay in The Daily Telegraph, Ned Potter in World Tennis, Gardnar Mulloy, Bill Talbert, Ham Richardson, and Grant Golden. In 1954 <mask> won the French Championships (over Mervyn Rose, Budge Patty in the semifinal and Arthur Larsen in the final) and was ranked world number one amateur by Ned Potter in World Tennis and by panel of 8 experts in The New York Times. In 1955, <mask> won three consecutive Grand Slam singles titles: the French (over Rose in the semifinal and Sven Davidson in the final), Wimbledon (beating Kurt Nielsen in the final) and U. S. Championships (over Rosewall in the final). He was ranked world number one amateur for 1955 by Lance Tingay and by Ned Potter. <mask>'s record in 1955 was one of the greatest ever by an American tennis player.He won the three most prestigious tournaments in amateur tennis—the French, Wimbledon, and American Championships. He won at Wimbledon in 1955 without losing a set (a record shared with Don Budge, Chuck McKinley, Björn Borg and Roger Federer). He is one of only ten male players to have won three Grand Slam singles title in a year. <mask>'s own chance at a Grand Slam was stopped  with a loss to Ken Rosewall in the semifinals

masks: Trabert Trabert Trabert Trabert Trabert Trabert Trabert Trabert


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 at the Australian Championships. <mask> won 18 tournaments in 1955, compiling a match record of 106 wins to 7 losses, which included a 38-match winning streak. <mask>, along with Vic Seixas, was an American Davis Cup team mainstay during the early 1950s, during which time the Americans reached the finals five times, winning the cup in 1954. It was one of only two victories over the dominant Australian teams during the decade (the other being in 1958).He called the 1954 Davis Cup win the "biggest thrill in my tennis career". <mask> turned pro after winning the ’55 U.S. Championships because he had a wife and two children to support. Professional
Having reached the top amateur ranking in 1955, <mask> turned professional in the fall of that year. <mask> explained: “When I won Wimbledon as an amateur, I got a 10-pound certificate, which was worth $27 redeemable at Lilly White’s Sporting Goods store in London. Jack Kramer offered me a guarantee of $75,000 against a percentage of the gate to play on his tour." With a wife and two children to support, the decision was clear. In 1956, he was beaten on the head-to-head world pro tour by the reigning king of professional tennis Pancho Gonzales, 74–27, consisting mostly of indoor matches on a portable loose canvas surface.Forty years after his matches with Gonzales, <mask> told interviewer Joe McCauley "that Gonzales' serve was the telling factor on their tour—it was so good that it earned him many cheap points. <mask> felt that, while he had the better ground-strokes, he could not match Pancho's big, fluent service." However, he beat Gonzales in five sets at Roland Garros in the final of the 1956 French Pro title. <mask> also won a South American tour over Gonzales, Sedgman, and Kramer in 1956, winning six matches against


texts:
 Gonzales, and losing three matches indoor, for a 6–3 edge over Gonzales on that tour. For the year 1956 as a whole, Trabert had an edge over Gonzales in outdoor matches of 16-11 (1-1 on grass, 4–5 on cement, and 11–5 on clay). In the 1958 pro tour, <mask> won a personal series against Segura 34–31, showing that he had adjusted to the portable canvas surface used by the Kramer pros in small indoor venues and gyms. In the Wembley Pro in 1958, he defeated Rosewall in the semi-final and was runner-up to Sedgman .In the French Pro at Roland Garros in 1959, <mask> beat Rosewall in the semifinal and then defeated  Frank Sedgman in the final, to win his fourth title at the red clay venue. In the 1960 US Pro (billed as Cleveland World Pro),  he was runner-up to Alex Olmedo. In November 1961, <mask> led the United States team into the Kramer Cup final (the pro equivalent of the Davis Cup) at Ellis Park in Johannesburg. <mask> defeated Rosewall in four sets, but lost the fifth and deciding rubber to Lew Hoad in four sets. The following week, <mask> won the Western Province Pro in Cape Town, beating Rosewall in the final. In October 1962, <mask> won the South African Pro Championships on the cement courts of Ellis Park in Johannesburg by defeating Hoad in the final in five sets. <mask> also had wins over Hoad at the Forest Hills Tournament of Champions in 1957 and 1958.In his 1979 autobiography The Game Jack Kramer, the former world No. 1 player, included <mask> in his list of the 21 greatest players of all time. Post-playing career

After retiring from the game, <mask> enjoyed a 33-year career (1971–2004) as a tennis and golf analyst for CBS, covering events such as the US Open. During many of those years, he teamed with Pat Summerall and was the lead commentator at the US

masks: Trabert Trabert Trabert Trabert Trabert Trabert Trabert Trabert Trabert


texts:
 Open. The popularity of their broadcasts helped propel the US Open into an annual financial success for CBS and the United States Tennis Association. He was also the US Davis Cup team captain from 1976 to 1980. <mask>'s captaincy is remembered by his frustration in dealing with the egos of younger players like John McEnroe and for his racket-wielding expulsion of anti-apartheid protesters who ran onto the court during a Davis Cup match against South Africa at the Newport Beach Tennis Club in California in April 1977.He was also a tennis author and was a motivational speaker. In 1988, he published the book Trabert on Tennis, sharing his insights on the game from a player's, coach's, and commentator's standpoint. In 1970, with the encouragement of Dr. Toby Freedman, Trabert opened Trabert Tennis Camp in Ojai, California at Thacher School, and then one in Pebble Beach, California for ages 8–18. <mask> served as president of the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island from 2001 to 2011. In 2004, he announced his retirement from broadcasting while commentating at the Wimbledon Championships. <mask> resided in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida with Vicki <mask>, his wife of 30 years, and their grandchildren. They had five children (two of his and three of hers) and 14 grandchildren.<mask> died at age 90 at his home in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida on February 3, 2021. Awards and honors
In 1970, <mask> was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island. He was enshrined into the Cincinnati Tennis Hall of Fame in 2002 together with Billy Talbert. On September 8 2014, <mask> was inducted into the United States Tennis Association's Court of Champions prior to the US Open men's singles final. Major finals
Source:

Grand Slam

masks: Trabert Trabert Trabert Trabert Trabert Trabert Trabert


texts:
 tournaments

Singles: 5 (5 titles)

Doubles: 6 (5 titles, 1 runner-up)

Pro Slam tournaments
Source:

Singles: 4 (2 titles, 2 runner-ups)

Singles performance timeline
<mask> joined the professional tennis circuit in 1955 and as a consequence was banned from competing in the amateur Grand Slams until the start of the Open Era at the 1968 French Open. The results of the Pro Tours are not listed here. Source:

Notes

References

General sources
 The Game: My 40 Years in Tennis (1979), Jack Kramer with Frank Deford ()
 Little Pancho (2009), Caroline Seebohm
 Man with a Racket: The Autobiography of Pancho Gonzales (1959), as told to Cy Rice
 <mask> Cup (2000), Men's 40 and over International Competition
 Cincinnati Tennis Hall of Fame (2002)

External links

 Image of tennis players <mask> and Pancho Gonzales with Beans Reardon at Bond Club luncheon in Los Angeles, California, 1955.Los Angeles Times Photographic Archive (Collection 1429). UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, University of California, Los Angeles. 1930 births
2021 deaths
American male tennis players
American men's basketball players
American television sports announcers
Australian Championships (tennis) champions
Basketball players from Cincinnati
Cincinnati Bearcats men's basketball players
Cincinnati Bearcats men's tennis players
French Championships (tennis) champions
Golf writers and broadcasters
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's doubles
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's singles
International Tennis Hall of Fame inductees
Professional tennis players before the Open Era
Sportspeople from Boca Raton, Florida
Tennis commentators
Tennis players from Cincinnati
Tennis people from Ohio
United States National champions (tennis)
Wimbledon champions

masks:
Trabert
Trabert
Tony Trabert


texts:
<mask> (pronounced "<mask>song") (; born 6 August 1992) is a Chinese pair skater. With partner Sui Wenjing, he is the  2022 Olympic gold medalist, 2018 Olympic silver medalist, a two-time world champion (2017, 2019), a three-time world silver medalist (2015, 2016, 2021), the 2019–20 Grand Prix Final champion, a six-time Four Continents champion (2012, 2014, 2016–2017, 2019–2020), a three-time World Junior champion (2010–2012),  the 2009–10 Junior Grand Prix Final champion, and a two-time Chinese national champion (2010, 2011). Sui and <mask> are the first pair skate team to achieve a Super Slam, having won all major competitions in both their senior and junior career. They have landed throw quadruple salchows and quadruple twists in competition. Career
Sui and <mask> teamed up in 2007 without having previous pair skating experience. They both were inspired by 2010 Olympic Champions Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo, and started skating after watching them competing in the 2002 Winter Olympics. Junior career

2009–10 Season: First world junior title
Sui and <mask> made their international debut in the 2009–10 ISU Junior Grand Prix, where they won the gold medal in their two events.They went on to win the gold medal at the ISU Junior Grand Prix Final. They then won the 2010 Chinese Figure Skating Championships and earned a trip to the 2010 World Junior Figure Skating Championships, where they won the gold medal. They became the second Chinese pair to win the World Junior Figure Skating Championships after Zhang Dan & Zhang Hao, who won the title in 2001 and 2003. Senior career

2010–11 season: Second world junior title

Sui and <mask> started their season by winning the silver medal at the Junior Grand Prix Cup of Austria and the gold medal at the Junior Grand Prix Blauen Schwerter. The pair also made their debut on the Senior Grand Prix series by winning a silver medal at the 2010 Cup of China. At their second Grand Prix event, 2010 Skate America, they won the bronze medal. At

masks:
Han Cong
Han T
Han
Han
Han
Han


texts:
 the 2010–11 Grand Prix Final in December 2010, Sui and <mask> scored 61.49 in the short program, setting a new personal best and a personal best of 117.55 points in the free skate to win a bronze medal with 179.04 overall.The pair then went on to win their second national title at the 2011 Chinese Figure Skating Championships. At the 2011 World Junior Figure Skating Championships, Sui and <mask> won their second world junior title. 2011–12 season: First Four Continents title and third world junior title
Sui and <mask> started their season off by winning the Junior Grand Prix Volvo Cup and the Junior Grand Prix Cup of Austria. They went on to win their second Junior Grand Prix title at the 2011–12 ISU Junior Grand Prix. On the senior level, Sui and <mask> were assigned to compete at the 2011 Skate Canada where they took the silver medal, and the 2011 Cup of China where they finished 5th. Sui and <mask> competed at the 2012 Four Continents Championships and won the gold medal placing 1st in both the short and free skate. They won their third consecutive world junior title at the 2012 World Junior Championships held in Minsk, Belarus.2012–13 season
Sui and <mask> withdrew from the Grand Prix series due to an injury to Sui. They competed at the 2013 World Championships despite Sui still being injured and placed twelfth. After the season concluded, they switched from longtime coach Luan Bo to Olympic pairs champion Zhao Hongbo, <mask>, and Yao Bin. 2013–14 season: Second Four Continents title
Sui and <mask> were assigned to two Grand Prix events and began their season at 2013 Skate Canada, where they won the silver medal. At the 2013 NHK Trophy, they won the bronze medal behind teammates Peng/Zhang. They won the bronze medal at the National Championships, but did not make the 2014 Olympic team. They then competed at the 2014 Four Continents Championships and won the gold medal setting a new personal best overall score of 212.40 points.Sui and <mask> then competed at the

masks:
Han
Han
Han
Han
Han
Han
Han Bing
Han
Han


texts:
 2014 World Championships after the withdrawal of Pang/Tong, where they finished sixth after placing fourth in the short program with a score of 72.24 and ninth in the free skate with a score of 119.86, with a total score of 192.10. 2014–15 season: World silver medal
Sui and <mask> were assigned to two Grand Prix events. At 2014 Skate Canada, Sui and <mask> won the silver medal after placing second in both segments with scores of 65.22 in the short program, 119.42 in the free skate, and a total score of 184.64. At 2014 Trophee Eric Bompard, Sui and <mask> won another silver medal after placing second in the short program with a score of 67.27 and second in the free skate with a score of 133.41, for a total score of 200.68. These results qualified them for the 2014–15 Grand Prix Final where they won the second Grand Prix Final bronze medal of their career. They placed 3rd in the short program with a score of 66.66 and 5th in the free skate with a score of 127.65, for a total score of 194.31. At the 2015 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships, Sui and <mask> finished fourth with a total score of 198.88, after placing third in the short program with a score of 69.19 and fourth in the free skate with a score of 129.69.At the 2015 World Figure Skating Championships, Sui and <mask> won the silver medal. They placed third in the short program with a score of 71.63, second in the free skate with a personal best score of 142.49, and earned a personal best combined total score of 214.12. Sui and <mask> stated they would begin training the throw quad Salchow again for the 2015–16 season. 2015–16 season: Second world silver medal

For the Grand Prix season, Sui and <mask> were assigned to compete at 2015 Skate America and 2015 Cup of China. They began their season by winning Skate America, their first senior Grand Prix gold medal. Sui was injured in early November, shortly before the Cup of China, where they won the silver medal. These results qualified them to the 2015–16

masks: Han Han Han Han Han Han Han


texts:
 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final, from which they withdrew due to Sui's injury.Sui and <mask> won the 2016 Four Continents Championships with 221.91 points. At the 2016 World Championships, they won the silver medal. They placed first in the short program, second in the free skating, and second overall, behind Canada's Meagan Duhamel and Eric Radford. 2016–17 season: First world title
Sui underwent surgery on both feet following the 2015–16 season. Sui and <mask> then withdrew from the Grand Prix series because the recovery from the surgery took several months. They made their season debut at the 2017 Four Continents Championships, where they won the gold medal with a new personal best score of 225.03 points. Their free skate included a quadruple twist.At the 2017 World Figure Skating Championships in Helsinki, Finland, Sui and <mask> won their first World title, placing first in both the short program and free skate. 2017–18 season: Pyeongchang Olympics
Sui and <mask> competed on the Grand Prix series at the Cup of China and NHK Trophy. They won the gold medal in both events and qualified to the Grand Prix Final. At the Final, they won the silver medal after placed third in the short program and second in the free skate. Sui cut her lower leg near the shinbone in training before the 2018 Four Continents Championships and consequently withdrew. Sui and <mask> did not compete in the team event at the 2018 Winter Olympics. In the pairs event, they placed first in the short program, third in the free skating, and second overall, losing the gold by only 0.43 overall to Aliona Savchenko and Bruno Massot, who came from fourth after the short to win.It was revealed that Sui's right foot injury at the Olympics was a stress fracture. As a result, the team withdrew from the 2018 World Championships. 2018–19 season: Second World title
Choreographer Lori Nichol, in designing the team's free program for the season, picked Ezio Bosso's "Rain, In Your Black Eyes", feeling that

masks: Han Han Han Han Han


texts:
 Bosso's own personal struggles connected to Sui's previous struggles with injury. Sui and <mask> were initially assigned to compete at the new 2018 Grand Prix of Helsinki and 2018 NHK Trophy for the Grand Prix, but withdrew from both events due to Sui's continued injury recovery. They competed the short program at the 2019 Chinese Championships, but withdrew afterward, having not planned to compete in the free skate. Sui and <mask> made their comeback to international competition at the 2019 Four Continents Championships. Sui fell on her attempted triple toe loop, relegating them narrowly to second place behind Moore-Towers/Marinaro of Canada in the short program.Sui attributed the error to being "a little too excited" by the return to competition. Sui/<mask> then won the free skate, and their fifth overall Four Continents gold, despite a second fall from Sui on the side-by-side triple Salchow. They finished 0.06 points ahead of Moore-Towers/Marinaro. Both said that they needed more time to become familiar with their program in order to improve. At the 2019 World Championships, Sui and <mask> won their second world title, skating two clean programs and setting personal bests in both segments of the competition. They scored 79.24 points in the short program, which stood as a world record until the pair of Tarasova/Morozov broke it later the same day. In the free skate, Sui and <mask> placed first with a score of 155.60, a new world record.Their total score of 234.84 points was also a new world record. They outscored silver medalists Tarasova/Morozov by 6.37 points. <mask> commented: "Thank you to the audience that supported us so well. We also want to show our appreciation to our team and the coaches. This season we had to overcome a lot of difficulties, but thanks to their support, we were able to overcome it." 2019–20 season: First Grand Prix Final title
Sui and <mask> started their season at the Cup of China, placing first in the short program with a personal best


texts:
 of 80.90 under the new +5 GOE system. They won the free skate as well, with <mask> doubling a planned triple Salchow as the only error, and received an overall score of 228.37.<mask> attributed the mistake to recovery from injury over the summer. At the 2019 NHK Trophy, Sui/<mask> set a new world record in the short program. They won the free skate as well, despite Sui falling on the opening to their jump combination, taking their second Grand Prix gold medal of the season and qualifying to the Grand Prix Final in first position. At the Grand Prix Final, Sui/<mask> won their first Grand Prix Final title. They placed first in the short program despite Sui putting a hand down on their throw jump. They were second in the free skate despite <mask> making errors on both of their planned jumping passes, and a few lost levels on lifts and their combination spin. They were the first Chinese team to win the Grand Prix Final since their coach Zhao Hongbo and his wife Shen Xue did so eleven seasons earlier.The favorites heading into the 2020 Four Continents Championships in Seoul, Sui/<mask> placed third in the short program after inadvertently performing only a throw double flip. Sui attributed this to her costume. Winning the free skate despite errors on their side-by-side triple Salchows, they won their sixth Four Continents title. Speaking afterward, Sui said that training had been difficult recently due to concerns about whether they would be able to travel abroad because of the coronavirus pandemic. <mask> said they were "quite satisfied" with their performance. They were assigned to compete at the World Championships in Montreal, but these were cancelled as a result of the coronavirus pandemic. 2020–21 season: Third World silver
With the COVID-19 pandemic continuing to affect international travel, Sui/<mask> were assigned to compete at the 2020 Cup of China after the ISU opted to assign the Grand Prix based primarily on geographic location.They withdrew from the event

masks: Han Han Han Han Han Han Han Han


texts:
 due to <mask> undergoing hip surgery over the summer. Due to the lack of prior appearances during the season, Sui/<mask> were considered to be dark horses going into the 2021 World Championships in Stockholm. In the short program, Sui stepped out of her attempted triple toe loop, and the team placed second in the segment, slightly more than 2 points behind Boikova/Kozlovskii and just less than 2 points ahead of Mishina/Galliamov. In the free skate both made jump errors, placing them second in the segment and the silver medalists overall, while Mishina/Galliamov leapfrogged them to take the gold medal. Assessing their performance, Sui noted that they had had only two months of training time beforehand, calling them at "70%-80% of our best selves, I would say. We did think we achieved a huge accomplishment within only two months." 2021–22 season: Beijing Olympics
Sui/<mask> won the gold medal at the 2021 Asian Open, the Olympic test event, to open their season.At their first Grand Prix event, 2021 Skate Canada International,  they won the gold medal, defeating silver medalists Pavliuchenko/Khodykin by 30.97 points. Sui/<mask>'s second Grand Prix event was initially the 2021 Cup of China, but following its cancellation they were reassigned to the 2021 Gran Premio d'Italia. Competing in their second Grand Prix in as many weeks, they easily won the event, defeating silver medalists Peng/Jin by 12.69 points and becoming the first pair team to qualify to the 2021–22 Grand Prix Final. Discussing their revival of their successful "Bridge Over Troubled Water" program, Sui expressed the hope that "it can be a bridge for everyone to connect in these times." The Grand Prix Final was subsequently cancelled due to restrictions prompted by the Omicron variant. Named to the Chinese Olympic team for their home Olympics in Beijing, Sui/<mask> began the event as the Chinese entry in the pairs' short program of the Olympic team event. Skating cleanly, they won the segment with a world


texts:
 record score of 82.83, 0.19 points ahead of Russian rivals Mishina/Galliamov.They did not skate in the free skate segment of the event, and Team China ultimately finished in fifth place. In the pairs event, they skated another clean short program and set another world record of 84.41. Addressing Russians Tarasova/Morozov, who finished second and 0.16 points behind, Sui called them "our friends and competitors," adding "this is something we are very proud of, because we can maintain this high level of competition between the two pairs, and it has been more than 10 years." In the free skate, Sui/<mask> attempted a quad twist in competition for the first time in four year, seeking to compensate for their weaker jump elements. Sui botched her triple Salchow attempt, which was ruled downgraded, but they won the free skate as well, and took the gold medal over Tarasova/Morozov and Mishina/Galliamov. <mask> said "our dream finally came true." They were the second Chinese skaters to win Olympic gold.Programs

Competitive highlights

GP: Grand Prix; JGP: Junior Grand Prix

With Sui

Detailed results
(Small medals for short and free programs awarded only at ISU Championships – Worlds and Four Continents. At team events, medals awarded for team results only.) With Sui

References

External links

1992 births
Living people
Chinese male pair skaters
Figure skaters from Harbin
Four Continents Figure Skating Championships medalists
World Junior Figure Skating Championships medalists
Asian Games medalists in figure skating
Figure skaters at the 2011 Asian Winter Games
Asian Games silver medalists for China
Medalists at the 2011 Asian Winter Games
Figure skaters at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Olympic figure skaters of China
Olympic gold medalists for China
Olympic silver medalists for China
Medalists at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Olympic medalists in figure skating
World Figure Skating Championships

masks: Han Han


texts:
<mask> (c. 1459 – 30 October 1522) was a French composer of the Renaissance. He was famous both for his motets, which are among the most refined of the time, and for being the teacher of Adrian Willaert, one of the founders of the Venetian School. Life
He was born <mask> either in 1459 or earlier, but records of his early life, as is so often the case with Renaissance composers, are scant. Most likely he was from the village of Haut-Wignes (now Wirwignes), near Boulogne-sur-Mer, in Samer. He probably began his first job, singer and teacher at the collegiate church in Saint Omer, then moved to Nesle (southeast of Amiens) in 1477, and in 1483 was made maître de chapelle there. Sometime around this time he became a priest, and in 1500 he was in charge of choirboys at the cathedral in Amiens. In 1501 he was in Grenoble, teaching choirboys, but he left the next year, most likely entering the service of Queen Anne of Brittany, and in 1509 he was granted a position again in Grenoble which he could hold in absentia.Mouton was now the principal composer for the French court. For the remainder of his life he was employed by the French court in one capacity or another, often writing music for state occasions—weddings, coronations, papal elections, births and deaths. Mouton composed a motet, Christus vincit, for the election of Leo X as pope in 1513. Leo evidently liked Mouton's music, for he rewarded him with the honorary title, apostolic notary on the occasion of a motet he composed for the pope in 1515; the pope made this award during a meeting in Bologna between the French king and the pope after the Battle of Marignano. This trip to Italy was the first, and probably only trip that Mouton made outside

masks:
Jean Mouton
Jean de Hollingue


texts:
 France. Sometime between 1517 and 1522 the Swiss music theorist Heinrich Glarean met Mouton, and praised him effusively; he wrote that "everyone had copies of his music." Glarean used several examples of Mouton's music in his influential treatise, the Dodecachordon.Mouton may have been the editor of the illuminated manuscript known as the Medici Codex, one of the primary manuscript sources of the time, which was a wedding gift for Lorenzo de' Medici. It is considered to be possible that Mouton was in charge of the elaborate musical festivities by the French at the meeting between François I and Henry VIII at the Field of the Cloth of Gold, based on the similarity to the festivities five years earlier after the Battle of Marignano. Near the end of his life, Mouton moved to Saint-Quentin. According to the engraving on his tombstone, he became a canon at the collegiate church of Saint-Quentin, taking over for Loyset Compère who died in 1518. Mouton died in Saint-Quentin and is buried there. The headstone, now missing, was engraved as follows:

                                              CI GIST MAISTRE JEAN DE HOLLINGUE, DIT MOUTON,
                                                        EN SON VIVANT CHANTRE DU ROY
                                                CHANOINE DE THEROUANNE ET DE CETTE EGLISE
                                             QUI TRESPASSA LE PENULTIEME JOUR D'OCTOBRE MDXXII
                                                          PRIEZ DIEU POUR SON AME

Music and influence

Mouton was hugely influential both as a composer and as a teacher. Of his music, 9 Magnificat settings, 15 masses, 20 chansons, and over 100 motets survive; since he was a court composer for a king, the


texts: survival rate of his music is relatively high for the period, it being widely distributed, copied, and archived.In addition, the famous publisher Ottaviano Petrucci printed an entire volume of Mouton's masses (early in the history of music printing, most publications contained works by multiple composers). The style of Mouton's music has superficial similarities to that of Josquin des Prez, using paired imitation, canonic techniques, and equal-voiced polyphonic writing: yet Mouton tends to write rhythmically and texturally uniform music compared to Josquin, with all the voices singing, and with relatively little textural contrast. Glarean characterized Mouton's melodic style with the phrase "his melody flows in a supple thread." Around 1500, Mouton seems to have become more aware of chords and harmonic feeling, probably due to his encounter with Italian music. At any rate this was a period of transition between purely linear thinking in music, in which chords were incidental occurrences as a result of correct usage of intervals, and music in which the harmonic element was foremost (for example in lighter Italian forms such as the frottola, which are homophonic in texture and sometimes have frankly diatonic harmony). Mouton was a fine musical craftsman throughout his life, highly regarded by his contemporaries and much in demand by his royal patrons. His music was reprinted and continued to attract other composers even later in the 16th century, especially two joyful Christmas motets he wrote, Noe, noe psallite noe, and Quaeramus cum pastoribus, which several later composers used as the basis for masses.He also influenced posthumously the outstanding music theorist Gioseffo Zarlino, himself a pupil of


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 Willaert, who referred to him, somewhat enthusiastically as his "precettore". Works list

Masses and mass fragments

 Missa "Alleluia Confitemini Domino"
 Missa "Alma redemptoris mater"
 Missa "Argentum et aurum (lost)"
 Missa "Benedictus Dominus Deus"
 Missa "Dictes moy toutes vos pensées"
 Missa "Ecce quam bonum"
 Missa "Lo serai je dire"
 Missa "Faulte d'argent"
 Missa "l'Homme armé"
 Missa "Quem dicunt homines"
 Missa "Regina mearum"
 Missa "sans candence"
 Missa sine nomine 1 (without a name)
 Missa sine nomine 2 (without a name)
 Missa "tu es Petrus"
 Missa "Tua est potentia"
 Missa "Verbum bonum"
 Credo (fragment)

Motets (selected)

 Antequam comedam suspiro
 Ave Maria - virgo serena for five voices, in two parts. Benedicam Dominum
 Exalta Regina Galliae (written to celebrate the French victory at the battle of Marignano, September 13–14, 1515)
 Missus est Gabriel
 Nesciens mater for eight voices, a tour de force of canon writing, being a quadruple canon at an interval of the fifth, proceeding a space of two measures. Non nobis Domine (written for the birth of the Princess Renée, October 25, 1510)
 O Maria piissima; Quis dabit oculis nostris (on the death of Queen Anna, January 9, 1514)
 Quaeramus cum pastoribus for four voices, in two parts. Salve Mater Salvatoris ]. Chansons (selected)

 La la la l'oysillon du bois
 Qui ne regrettroit le gentil Févin (Deploration on the death of Févin, 1511–1512)

References

 Article "<mask> Mouton," in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie.20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980. Gustave Reese, Music in the Renaissance. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1954. Gioseffo Zarlino, "Dimostrationi harmoniche",


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 1571

Recordings

 Heavenly Spheres, CBC Records, MVCD 1121, sung by Studio de musique ancienne de Montréal. Contains one motet by Mouton, Nesciens mater (for eight voices). Flemish Masters, Virginia Arts Recordings, VA-04413, performed by Zephyrus.Includes Mouton's motet, Nesciens mater, the Obrecht Missa Sub tuum presidium, as well as motets by Willaert, Clemens non Papa, Ockeghem, Des Prez, and Gombert. Josquin Desprez: Missa de Beata Virgine; <mask>uton: Motets. Harmonia Mundi, HMU 907136, 1995. Performers: Theatre of Voices, directed by Paul Hillier. Includes 5 motets by Mouton, interwoven with the movements of Josquin's mass. By Mouton: (1) Nesciens Mater; (2) Ave Maria Virgo Serena; (3) Ave Sanctissima Maria; (4) O Maria  Piissima; (5) Ave Maria Gemma Virginum. Choral Works of <mask>n recorded by The Gentlemen of St John's.Includes Nesciens Mater, Salva nos, Domine, Sancti Dei omnes, Missa Dictes moy toutes vos pensées. Nesciens Mater (track 1) was awarded 2nd best Christmas track by Gramophone magazine (2007). Vivat Rex! : Sacred Choral Music of <mask>n. Suspicious Cheese Lords, 2008, produced by Tina Chancey of Hesperus. Includes a full performance of the previously unrecorded Missa "Alma Redemptoris mater" and eight previously unrecorded Mouton motets. Missa Dictes moy toutes vos pensées; 5 Motets, Qui débit oculis ?(Lament for Anna), Ave Maria benedicta tu, Salva nos Domine, Ave Maria virgo serena, Nesciens mater for 8 voices, The Tallis Scholars, conducted by Peter Philipps CD Gimell 2012. Diapason d'or - Choc de Classica. External links

French composers
French classical composers
French male classical composers
1459 births
1522 deaths
15th-century Franco-Flemish composers
16th-century

masks:
Jean Mo
Jean Mouto
Jean Mouto


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<mask> (born 30 April 1975 in Singapore) is a Singaporean and Australian tech entrepreneur of mixed heritage. He is the co-founder and Group CEO of Catcha Group, and a prolific founder of numerous tech companies in the region. Between 1999 and 2021, he took six companies from start-up to an initial public offering (IPO). <mask> is also Chairman and CEO of Catcha Investment Corp, a blank check company sponsored by Catcha Group that raised US$300m targeting technology businesses in Southeast Asia and Australia. Early life and education
<mask> spent his early years in Singapore and Indonesia, where he studied at Tanglin Trust School, the United World College of South East Asia and the Jakarta International School. He moved to Sydney in 1993 and completed his high school education at the Scots College. <mask> graduated from The University of Sydney with a Bachelor of Commerce, where he majored in Finance and Accounting.Career
Whilst still a student at The University of Sydney, <mask> started two companies. Upon graduating in 1996, he joined Arthur Andersen before leaving in June 1999 to start the dot-com company Catcha.com. In an article in Australia Unlimited, he is quoted as saying: "I wanted to start my own business whilst in college but my parents wouldn’t let me. We made a deal that I would finish university and work at Arthur Andersen for three years before I could do anything I want. I left after two-and-a-half years, as I couldn't resist the urge to move back to Asia to start Catcha." Catcha.com quickly became a high-profile dot-com in Asia and raised over 12 million from a combination of angel investors, venture capitalists and publicly listed companies. The company received approval in principle from the Stock Exchange of Singapore in early

masks:
Patrick Y Kin Grove
Grove
Grove
Grove
Grove


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 2000.Whilst on a global IPO roadshow, the NASDAQ crashed in April 2000 and the IPO was famously aborted as the company become a victim of the dot-com bubble. With an aborted IPO, a collapsing media environment and US$1.5m in debt bankruptcy seemed imminent, but <mask> managed to turn the company around and is credited with being one of the rare dot-com survivors. By 2004–2005 <mask> and his partners had turned around the business and completed a successful management buyout. In 2006, <mask> moved back into the online space by founding the iProperty Group which was successfully listed on the Australian Stock Exchange in 2007. He and his partners revamped and grew the business into the largest network of online property portals in Asia, operating in Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Hong Kong and Macau with investments in India and the Philippines. Following a meeting with Rupert Murdoch in June 2014, he invested US$100m into the company  In February 2016, the company was acquired by REA Group, a subsidiary of News Corporation for A$751m in one of the largest acquisitions of an ASEAN Internet Company

In 2009, Catcha launched Catcha Digital in partnership with Microsoft to run all their online assets in Malaysia. In July 2011, <mask> listed the company on the Malaysian Stock Exchange.Following the acquisition with Says Sdn Bhd, it was re-named
Rev Asia Berhad. In 2011 Grove launched Dealmates, a Malaysian-based e-commerce site as a joint-venture with Mindvalley founder Vishen Lakhiani. In late 2013, <mask> co-founded the iBuy Group (which included Dealmates) and was successfully listed on the Australian Stock Exchange. In September 2012, <mask> listed the third company he founded, iCar Asia, on the Australian Securities Exchange. iCar owns and

masks: Grove Grove Grove Grove Grove Grove


texts: operates ASEAN's largest network of online automotive sites in Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand. In July 2021, Grove announced iCAR and Carsome to merge to create the Carsome Group, Malaysia's 1st Unicorn. Following their success with iProperty, <mask> teamed up with former iProperty CEO Shaun DiGregorio in 2014 to launch Frontier Digital Ventures, a digital investment firm focused on online classifieds businesses in emerging markets.The company listed on the ASX in August 2016, marking Grove and Catcha Group’s fifth successful IPO, and currently owns stakes in 15 companies operating in 20 countries across South Asia, Latin America and the Middle East and Africa. In 2015, Grove co-founded iflix, a subscription video-on-demand service focused on emerging markets. Iflix was sold to Tencent in 2020. In the same year, <mask> co-founded and launched Wild Digital as a platform to bring together the top entrepreneurs, executives and investors in the Southeast Asian digital ecosystem. Today, Wild Digital is one of the leading tech conferences in the region and has hosted speakers including Anthony Tan of Grab, Tan Sri Tony Fernandes of AirAsia, Achmad Zaky of Bukalapak and Leontinus Alpha Edis of Tokopedia. In 2017, Grove co-founded and invested in co-working space operator Common Ground. In 2020, Grove co-founded and invested in Instahome, a home rentals platform led by his former Chief of Staff Eric Tan.Instahome aims to improve the home rentals experience in Southeast Asia by featuring 3D virtual tours and HD photos in all listings as well as letting users complete bookings, pay rent and arrange for maintenance services entirely online. In February 2021, Catcha Group listed a blank check company, Catcha Investment Corp, of which <mask> is Chairman and

masks: Grove Grove Grove


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 CEO, on the NYSE. The company raised gross proceeds of $300m in their Initial Public Offering to target technology businesses in Southeast Asia and Australia. Business strategy
Focusing on investments within the online sector, <mask> has made his mark with a simple strategy: look at what works in the West and bring it to the East. "When I was growing up and I looked at the wealthiest people in Asia, it was never anyone who invented anything. It was just someone who took an idea from the West and brought it to Asia ... I decided to do the same."Historically, <mask> has focused on emerging markets saying "I love emerging markets. If there’s a market anywhere in the world that’s emerging, I get it – it’s in my DNA.” He is especially bullish about the business opportunities presented by Southeast Asia. <mask> has gained a reputation and much respect for his perseverance, particularly in the face of adversity He is quoted as saying "The things I have learnt about how to run a business can only be learnt in tough times," he says. "If you have been through [difficulty] before, you don't fear it. You just roll up your sleeves and get on with it." Television work / References
<mask> served as one of the judges on the reality TV series Angel's Gate, which began broadcasting on Channel NewsAsia in February 2012. The show gives budding entrepreneurs an opportunity to pitch business ideas to investors.<mask> also appeared as a guest judge in Episode 2 The Apprentice: ONE Championship Edition. in June 2021. He was also referenced in Selling Sunset Season 4 as a property Investor from Singapore that bought a Hollywood Hills home from Harry Styles

Recognition
Among the awards and recognition <mask> has received for his entrepreneurial achievements are:
 2000:

masks:
Patrick Grove
Grove
Grove
Grove
Grove
Grove


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 Named a "Global Leader of Tomorrow" by the World Economic Forum
 2002: Named a "New Asian Leader" by the World Economic Forum
 2004: "Austcham Young Entrepreneur of the Year"
 2007: Recognised by KLue magazine among the "Top 40 under 40 to watch"
 2008: Named as one of "Asia's Best Young Entrepreneurs 2008" by Bloomberg Businessweek
 2011: Inaugural listing on the "BRW Young Rich List", part of the annual BRW Rich 200
 2013: Named in the Australia Unlimited "50 Global Achievers" list
 2014: Judge in Talent Unleashed Awards, alongside Sir Richard Branson and Steve Wozniak. 2016: Inaugural listing on the "Forbes Annual List of 50 Richest Malaysians" [Forbes Malaysia's 50 Richest]
 2021: The University of Sydney University 2021 Alumni Award for International Achievement. 2021: Finalist in the Advance Awards for Technology and Entrepreneurship by the Australian Government

Personal life
<mask> was born in Singapore on 30 April 1975 to a Singaporean/Malaysian-Chinese mother and an Australian father. He has two brothers and a sister. In May 2016, <mask>'s net worth was estimated as 587 million by the BRW Rich 200 list, an annual list of the richest Australian people., <mask>'s net worth was estimated by the Financial Review 2019 Rich List as 885 million. <mask> was first recognised in the Forbes 2016 list of 50 richest Malaysians. , Forbes estimated his net worth as 400 million. References

External links
 IPGA (ASX:IPP) Bio

Australian chief executives
Australian investors
Australian newspaper publishers (people)
University of Sydney alumni
1975 births
Living people
Australian people of Singaporean descent
Singaporean people of Australian descent
Singaporean people of Chinese descent
Singaporean emigrants to Australia
People educated at a United World

masks: Grove Grove Grove Grove


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<mask> (born 28 November 1984) is an Australian former basketball player who spent the majority of his  professional career playing in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The 7 feet tall (213 cm) center was selected by the Milwaukee Bucks with the first overall pick in the 2005 NBA draft. He earned All-NBA Third Team honors with the Bucks in 2010. He was traded to the Golden State Warriors in 2012, and was named NBA All-Defensive Second Team in 2015, when he won an NBA championship with the Warriors. Bogut played college basketball for two years with the Utah Utes, and earned national player of the year honors in 2005. He declared for the NBA draft, and became the first Australian to be the NBA's first overall pick. In his first year with the Bucks, Bogut was named to the NBA All-Rookie First Team in 2006.He earned all-league honors in 2010 after averaging a career-high 15.9 points along with 10.2 rebounds per game. He missed most of 2011–12 with an ankle injury, when he was traded to Golden State. After the Warriors won the NBA Finals in 2015, Bogut helped the Warriors win an NBA-record 73 games in 2015–16. He was traded to the Dallas Mavericks, where he played briefly before other short stints with the Cleveland Cavaliers and Los Angeles Lakers. In 2018, he returned to his home country to play for the Sydney Kings of the National Basketball League (NBL) and won the NBL MVP honours. Following the 2018–19 NBL season, Bogut signed back with the Warriors. He then returned to the Kings for a second season before retiring in 2020.Described as one of the leading faces of Australian basketball, Bogut has been credited for serving as a cornerstone of the Australian national team, for paving the way for an entire generation of Australian players in the NBA and in playing a leading role in re-vitalising the Australian NBL. Early life
Bogut was born in Melbourne in 1984. His parents, Michael and


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 Anne, had immigrated to Australia from Croatia in the 1970s. Bogut grew up playing Australian rules football and tennis in addition to basketball. As a child, he patterned his basketball game after Toni Kukoč, a Croatian NBA player who spent the majority of the 1990s playing for the Chicago Bulls. As a 15-year-old, he was cut from the Victoria junior state representative team. In response to this setback, Bogut began to improve his game with the help of Siniša Marković, a professional basketball player from Yugoslavia.Bogut's emergence began after he earned a roster spot with the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) in 2002. He competed in the South East Australian Basketball League (SEABL) in 2002 and 2003, helping the AIS win the East Conference title in his first season. He later joined the U-19 Australian junior national team, and was named the most valuable player of the 2003 FIBA Under-19 World Cup, in Greece, after leading the Emus to the title. In eight games, he averaged 26.3 points, 17 rebounds, 2.5 assists and 1.5 blocks per game, and he shot 61 percent from the field and 74 percent from the free throw line. One of the highlights of his MVP conquest was a 22-point, 18-rebound performance, in a 106–85 win over the US, in the quarter-finals of the medal round. College career
As a freshman at Utah in 2003–04, Bogut averaged 12.5 points and 9.9 rebounds in 33 games. He subsequently earned CollegeInsider.com All-Freshman Team honours, Mountain West Conference Freshman of the Year, second-team All-Mountain West Conference, and NABC second-team All-District 13.As a sophomore in 2004–05, Bogut started all 35 games for the Utes, leading them to a 29–6 record, the Sweet 16 of the NCAA Tournament, and a Mountain West Conference championship. He led the nation with 26 double-doubles and scored in double figures in 37 consecutive games dating back to the final two games of the 2003–04 season to


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 have the sixth-longest streak in the country. He ranked 19th in the NCAA in scoring (20.4 ppg), second in rebounding (12.2 rpg) and eighth in field goal percentage (62.0), and led the Mountain West Conference in scoring, rebounding and field goal percentage. He became one of 31 Utah players all-time to score 1,000 points in his career, but just the third to reach that mark in two seasons. He was named the 2004–05 national player of the year by ESPN.com and Basketball Times, and earned Associated Press first-team All-American and leading vote getter, becoming the 11th Ute all-time to earn All-America honours. He also earned Naismith College Player of the Year honours and the John R. Wooden Award. He later had his No.4 jersey retired by Utah. Professional career

Milwaukee Bucks (2005–2012)

Bogut was selected by the Milwaukee Bucks with the first overall pick in the 2005 NBA draft, becoming the first Australian player and the second Utah player (the first being Bill McGill) to be drafted number one overall. As a rookie in 2005–06, he earned All-Rookie First Team honours and finished third in votes for the NBA Rookie of the Year Award. He played in all 82 regular season games for the Bucks in his first season, averaging 9.4 points and 7.0 rebounds per game. Bogut's second season in the league was cut short after he sprained his left foot and was put on the injured reserve for the final 15 games. He had previously played in 153 consecutive games. He improved his numbers in 2006–07 to 12.3 points and 8.8 rebounds per game.In the 2007–08 NBA season, Bogut set career-highs in points (14.3), rebounds (9.8), blocks (1.7), steals (0.8) and minutes (34.9) per game. He tallied a career-high 29 points against the Phoenix Suns in December and finished 9th in the NBA in blocks, 11th in rebounding and 12th in double-doubles (38). He started in 78 games for the Bucks, missing just four games through injury.


texts: Bogut appeared in just 36 games for the Bucks in 2008–09, missing the final 31 games of the season with a stress fracture in his lower back. He faced more time on the sidelines during the 2009–10 season due to a strained ligament and bruise in his left leg. On 3 April 2010, near the end of a breakout season, Bogut suffered a major injury. That night, in a game against the Phoenix Suns at the Bradley Center, Bogut had a chance to score on a fast break attempt.As he went up, Amar'e Stoudemire appeared to make some contact with Bogut and he lost his balance while completing the dunk. He hung onto the rim for a brief moment to try to right himself but could not, and fell at an awkward angle. Placing his right arm out to break the fall, Bogut landed with all of his weight on top of his wrist and his arm twisted as he landed. The next day, Bogut was diagnosed with a broken hand, dislocated elbow and sprained wrist, injuries that kept him out of for the remainder of the 2009–10 season. In what was a breakout season for Bogut, he finished with averages of 15.9 points, 10.2 rebounds and 2.5 blocks per game, earning All-NBA Third Team honours, becoming first Bucks player named to the squad since Michael Redd in 2003–04. Bogut helped the Bucks to a 46–36 record, their most wins since going 50–32 in 2000–01, and their first playoff appearance since 2006. Bogut returned to the Bucks' line-up in 2010–11, playing in 65 games and leading the league in blocks with 2.6 per game.During the 2011 NBA lockout, Bogut chose to return home to Australia and play in the NBL for the 2011–12 season. He was linked to the Gold Coast Blaze, Adelaide 36ers and the team he supported when growing up, the Sydney Kings. Ultimately, he chose the Kings (who finished last in 2010–11), but the insurance to cover his remaining $39m contract with the Bucks could not be resolved, leaving the Kings and the NBL without his on-court


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 services. Following the breakdown in contract negotiations over the insurance money, Bogut stated he would like to join the Kings coaching staff in a bid not only to help the club, but help raise the NBL's profile. This, however, did not occur and he later returned to the Bucks following the conclusion of the lockout. On 25 January 2012, he fractured his ankle, ruling him out for the rest of the season. Golden State Warriors (2012–2016)

On 13 March 2012, <mask> and Stephen Jackson were traded to the Golden State Warriors in exchange for Monta Ellis, Ekpe Udoh and Kwame Brown.According to the Warriors, he underwent surgery in April to "clean out loose particles and bone spurs in the ankle". He sat out the 2012–13 preseason, but played in four of the first five regular season games, averaging just 6.0 points and 3.8 rebounds. He was then declared out indefinitely. He received Regenokine treatment to aid his recovery in late November, and it was also revealed that his procedure in April was more serious microfracture surgery than previously thought. Bogut returned on 28 January 2013, recording 12 points, 8 rebounds, 2 assists and 4 blocks in a road win over the Toronto Raptors. On 2 May 2013, in Game 6 of the first round of the playoffs, Bogut recorded playoff career-highs of 14 points and 21 rebounds. He also became the first Warriors player with 20 playoff rebounds since Larry Smith had 23 on 12 May 1987 against the Los Angeles Lakers.On 25 October 2013, Bogut signed a three-year contract extension with the Warriors. Despite another injury-riddled season in 2013–14, Bogut still finished 10th in NBA Defensive Player of the Year voting and became the first player in franchise history to average at least 10 rebounds per game while shooting 60 percent from the field. After playing well through the first 19 games of the 2014–15 season, Bogut injured his right knee on 8 December 2014 against the


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 Minnesota Timberwolves and subsequently missed 12 games. He returned to action off the bench against Indiana on 7 January 2015, recording 4 points and 8 rebounds in a 117–102 win. On 2 March 2015, he scored a season-high 16 points in a loss to the Brooklyn Nets. On 7 April 2015, he recorded 8 points and a career-high 9 blocks in a loss to the New Orleans Pelicans. Bogut and the Warriors won the 2015 NBA Finals after defeating the Cleveland Cavaliers in six games.Disappointed in the way he ended the 2014–15 season, Bogut removed all processed sugars from his diet during the 2015 off-season and subsequently came into training camp in October 2015 with improved athleticism, having dropped 10 kilograms. On 9 February 2016, Bogut had a season-best game with 13 points, 11 rebounds, three steals and a season-high six blocked shots in a 123–110 win over the Houston Rockets. The Warriors broke the NBA record for most wins in a season with 73, eclipsing the 72 wins set by the 1995–96 Chicago Bulls. In Game 5 of the Warriors' Conference Finals match-up with the Oklahoma City Thunder, Bogut recorded a playoff career-high 15 points and 14 rebounds to help the Warriors send the series to a Game 6 with a 120–111 win at home, cutting the Thunder's advantage in the series to 3–2. The Warriors went on to win the series in seven games and advanced to the NBA Finals for the second straight year. The Warriors would again face the Cleveland Cavaliers. On 15 June 2016, he was ruled out for six to eight weeks with a left knee injury.The injury occurred during Game 5 of the NBA Finals. The Warriors went on to lose the series in seven games. Dallas Mavericks (2016–2017)
On 7 July 2016, Bogut was traded, along with a future second-round pick, to the Dallas Mavericks in exchange for a future conditional second-round pick. The trade was made by the Warriors to free up salary cap space for their signing of Kevin Durant.


texts:
 Bogut made his debut for the Mavericks in their season opener on 26 October 2016, recording six points, six rebounds, three assists and one block in a 130–121 overtime loss to the Indiana Pacers. On 3 December, he had a game-high 11 rebounds and a season-high eight points in a 107–82 win over the Chicago Bulls. He went on to miss 11 games in December with a right knee injury, and a further six games in January with a right hamstring strain.On 23 February 2017, Bogut was traded, along with Justin Anderson and a protected first-round pick, to the Philadelphia 76ers in exchange for Nerlens Noel. Four days later, he was waived by the 76ers. Cleveland Cavaliers (2017)
On 2 March 2017, Bogut signed with the Cleveland Cavaliers. Four days later, Bogut broke his left leg 56 seconds into his Cleveland debut. Initial X-rays revealed a fractured tibia; he was subsequently taken to the Cleveland Clinic for further tests. There his tibia was set, and was scheduled to undergo a non-surgical treatment and recovery plan. He was subsequently ruled out for the remainder of the regular season and playoffs.As a result, on 13 March 2017, he was waived by the Cavaliers. Los Angeles Lakers (2017–2018)
On 19 September 2017, Bogut signed with the Los Angeles Lakers. He made his debut for the Lakers in their season opener on 19 October 2017, committing three fouls and three turnovers in a 108–92 loss to the Los Angeles Clippers. On 6 January 2018, Bogut was waived by the Lakers. He did not return to the NBA that season in order to remain in Australia with his pregnant wife. Sydney Kings (2018–2019)
On 24 April 2018, Bogut signed a two-year deal with the Sydney Kings of the Australian National Basketball League. At the conclusion of the 2018–19 regular season, Bogut was named the NBL Most Valuable Player after averaging 11.6 points per game to go with 329 rebounds, 98 assists and 77 blocked shots.He was also named the


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 Best Defensive Player and earned All-NBL First Team honours. He helped the Kings reach the playoffs with an 18–10 record and a third-place finish, before losing 2–0 to Melbourne United in the semi-finals. In 30 total games, he averaged 11.4 points, a league-high 11.6 rebounds, 3.4 assists and 2.7 blocks in 29.7 minutes per game. Return to Golden State (2019)
On 6 March 2019, after the conclusion of the 2018–19 NBL season, Bogut signed with the Golden State Warriors for the remainder of the 2018–19 NBA season. His deal with the Warriors was allowed by the Kings with the condition that he honoured the second year of his two-year contract. The Warriors reached the 2019 NBA Finals, where they lost in six games to the Toronto Raptors. Return to the Kings (2019–2020)
Bogut rejoined the Sydney Kings for the 2019–20 NBL season and helped them win the minor premiership with a first-place finish and a 20–8 record.He was named to the All-NBL Second Team. On 25 May 2020, Bogut announced that he would not be re-signing with the Kings. Bogut had two surgeries throughout 2020, one to remove a bone spur in his ankle and the other to help with sciatica in his lower back. On 1 December 2020, Bogut announced his retirement from basketball, citing numerous injury issues as the main reason. National team career
Bogut started for the Boomers at the 2004 Athens Olympics, averaging 13.7 points, 9 rebounds and 1.2 blocked shots and shooting 58.0% from the field. He represented Australia again in the 2006 FIBA World Championship. Australia advanced to the Round of 16 before losing to the United States.He averaged 12.8 points per game and 6.2 rebounds per game during the tournament, leading Australia in both categories. He started for the Boomers at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. In 2012, he was unable to play for the Boomers in the London Olympics, as he had previously broken his left ankle in January during the 2011–12