texts:
 functioning of the exercises. Under Karmarkar, the first armament depot was opened at Aluva in 1958. In March 1960, the Indian fleet again participated in the Commonwealth Joint exercises and training (JET) which was the largest till then, with the Royal Navy, Royal Australian Navy, Royal Ceylon Navy, Pakistan Navy, Royal New Zealand Navy and Royal Malaysian Navy participating. This was also supported by the Cochin Command, with Karmarkar as COMCHIN. Flag rank
After about three-and-a-half years building the Cochin command, <mask> was promoted to the acting rank of Rear admiral and appointed Flag Officer Bombay (FOB) in April 1960. The Bombay Command was the pre-cursor of the current Western Naval Command. He was promoted to the substantive rank of Rear admiral on 16 June 1960.In November 1961, India's first aircraft carrier , commanded by Captain P. S. Mahindroo, reached home waters. She was welcomed by the flagship  and aircraft of the Indian Air Force. The same day, the Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru and the Chief of the Naval Staff Vice Admiral Katari visited her at Bombay. As the FOB, <mask> was among the senior officers welcoming the ship and the Prime Minister. <mask> had a long tenure of over four years as Flag Officer Bombay. In 1964, he relinquished command, handing over to Rear Admiral R. S. David. He was then placed on the retired list on 16 June 1964.He died in 1988 following an operation, and was cremated in Pune with full military honours. See also
 Admiral Ram Dass Katari

References

Bibliography

Indian Navy admirals
Royal Indian Navy officers
1912 births
1988 deaths
Members of the Order of

masks: Karmarkar Karmarkar Karmarkar


type: original

texts:
<mask> () (1531–1609) of Merryfield in the parish of Ilton, Somerset, and Edge in the parish of Branscombe, Devon, was a posthumous co-founder of Wadham College, Oxford, with his wife <mask> who, outliving him, saw the project through to completion in her late old age. He was Sheriff of Somerset in 1585. Origins
<mask> was probably born at Merryfield, a moated and fortified manor house, built around 1400 by his ancestor Sir <mask> of Edge, a Justice of the Common Pleas in the reign of King Richard II. He was the only surviving son of <mask> (d. 1578) of Merryfield and Edge, Sheriff of Somerset and Dorset in 1556, by his wife Joan Tregarthin (d. 1583), daughter and co-heiress of John Tregarthin of Cornwall, and widow of John Kelloway of Cullompton, Devon. Wadham's grandfather, Sir <mask> (1472–1542), was a member of parliament in the English Reformation Parliament of 1529, Sheriff of Devon, Sheriff of Somerset and Dorset, Sheriff of Wiltshire, Captain of the Isle of Wight at Carisbrooke Castle, Vice Admiral to Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey and, with his uncle Sir <mask> (Sheriff of Gloucestershire), accompanied King Henry VIII to the Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520. Career
A biography written before 1637 states that <mask> attended Corpus Christi College, Oxford as a commoner, but did not take a degree. He may have lodged with John Kennall, the civil lawyer, later canon of Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford.<mask> was briefly at court, as the text relates: vitam aulicam aliquantisper ingressus est ("he entered the courtly life for a moderately long time"). A

masks:
Nicholas Wadham
Dorothy Wadham
Nicholas Wadham
John Wadham
John Wadham
Nicholas Wadham
Edward Wadham
Wadham
Wadham


texts:
 certain "<mask> of Brimpton, Somerset", was admitted to the Inner Temple on 9 March 1553 on the pledge of Richard Baker, who was married to Catherine Tyrell, a stepdaughter of Sir William Petre (Wadham's father-in-law), Principle Secretary to King Henry VIII. Due to the Petre connection, it is likely that the record refers to the <mask> who is the subject of this article. <mask> was appointed to the commission of the peace and other minor commissions in Somerset, appearing as executor and overseer in the wills of other Somerset gentlemen. Two personal letters of his exist, one from Sir Amias Paulet (1532–1588), Ambassador to Paris, advising that Wadham was unlikely 'to be envious of our French news' and thanking him for his efforts in the leasing of Paulet's park. The other letter was to Sir John Talbot of Grafton (1545–1611), who had married Dorothy's sister Katherine Petre, regarding Wadham's work in negotiating a lease. <mask> was known for his hospitality and he maintained a fine household at Merifield, described by Thomas Fuller (1608–1661) as "an inn at all times, a court at Christmas".<mask> and his wife were suspected of recusancy. In 1608 the privy council ordered a stay of proceedings against both <mask> and his wife on a charge of recusancy. John Carpenter, Rector of Branscombe, dedicated to him his literary work "Contemplations", for the Institution of Children in the Christian Religion (1601), noting his "gentle affability with all persons" and his generosity. Marriage

On 3 September 1555 at St Botolph's, Aldersgate in the City of London, <mask>

masks:
Nicholas Wadham
Nicholas Wadham
Wadham
Wadham
Wadham
Wadham
Nicholas Wadham


texts:
 married Dorothy Petre (1534/5–1618), the eldest daughter of Sir William Petre, Principal Secretary to King Henry VIII. The couple had no children. <mask> and his wife lived with his parents until his father's death in 1578, when his mother moved into her dower house at Edge. Her monumental tomb survives in the Church of St Winifred, Branscombe, Devon.Death and burial
On 20 October 1609, aged seventy-seven, <mask> died at Merrifield. In his will he left the huge sum of £500 for his funeral expenses and directed his body be buried "in myne ile at Ilminster where myne auncestors lye interred". He was duly buried in the Wadham chapel in the Church of St Mary, Ilminster on 21 November 1609; his monument survives in the north-east corner of the Chapel (north transept) of St Mary's. It consists of a 1689 Baroque monument erected by his subsequent heirs Sir Edward Wyndham, 2nd Baronet and Thomas Strangways on which was re-placed the Purbeck marble slab inset with late-Gothic-style post-Reformation monumental brasses from the original monument which had collapsed. The monument was again restored in 1899 by the architect Thomas Graham Jackson (1835–1924). There is, according to A. K. Wickham, "no finer post-Reformation brass in England". Following his father's example, his will ordered a full heraldic funeral, with alms to be distributed throughout the county.Statues survive of <mask> and his wife Dorothy Petre at their foundation, Wadham College, Oxford, high on the external wall of one of the buildings. Thomas Moore (1779–1852) described him as "an ancient

masks:
Wadham
Wadham
Nicholas Wadham


texts:
 schismatic", referring to his attendance at Church of England services, and described <mask> as "dying a Catholic". Succession
At his death he owned almost 30 manors and other lands and tenements in the counties of Devon, Dorset and Somerset, including:

Manor of Wadham, Knowstone, Devon: original seat of the family, from which they took their name
Manor of Silverton, Devon: purchased in 1386 by Sir <mask>
Edge in Branscombe, Devon: estate purchased c. 1370 by Sir John Wadham
Merryfield in Ilton near Yeovil, Somerset which became the main seat of the family: built on land purchased around 1400 by Sir John Wadham from Cecily de Beauchamp a sister and co-heiress of John Beauchamp, 3rd Baron Beauchamp of Somerset of the feudal barony of Hatch Beauchamp, with nearby land at Braydon inherited by a later generation of the Wadham family from Sir Stephen Popham. Broad life (sic)
Pole Anthony (from the Rede (or Read) family to Popham to Wadham)
Manor of Penselwood, Somerset: part of the inheritance of Margaret Chiseldon of the Manor of Holcombe Rogus, Devon, who married Sir <mask> (died 1452). Chiselborough, Somerset
Manor of Haydon, Somerset
Norcot
Widicomb
Sydmouth
Wirgland
Manor of Lustleigh, Devon purchased 1403 by Sir John Wadham. The medieval hall and solar still exist: “Uphill and Great Hall, Mapstone Hill: A major medieval house preserving two fine roofs, the property of the Wadham family of Ilminster in the C15 ..The date may be c.1400.”
Eton
Tidcock
Oldbury
Cullioford
Guttesham (not Gittesham, Devon, never held by Wadham)

He died childless, and all his

masks:
Wadham
John Wadham
William Wadham


texts:
 estates and other wealth had been expected to pass to the children of his three sisters:
Joan Wadham (d. 1603), widow of Sir Giles Strangways, MP, ancestors of the Earls of Ilchester, and then Sir John Young, MP. She bore the former 4 sons and 2 daughters, and the latter 2 daughters and a son.In 1592, she was a party in the landmark Case of the Swans. <mask>, wife of Sir <mask> (1529–1595) of Athelhampton, Dorset. The couple's monumental brass, showing them kneeling beneath an escutcheon with the ancient arms of FitzMartin (Argent, two bars gules) impaling Wadham, survives in St Mary's Church, Puddletown, Dorset. <mask>, in full armour, kneels bare-headed before an altar on which is an open book. His three sons, who all predeceased him, kneel behind him. To the right is his wife <mask>, behind whom kneel their seven daughters, of whom four survived as co-heiresses. Athelhampton descended by marriage of their daughter Elizabeth Martin to Henry Brune to Mary Brune, who married Sir Ralph Bankes of Kingston Lacy and Corfe Castle, their great-great-granddaughter.<mask> (d. 1596), wife of Sir John Wyndham (d. 1572) of Orchard Wyndham, Watchet, in Somerset, and mother of Sir John Wyndham (1558–1645), ancestor of the Wyndham Earls of Egremont of Petworth House in Sussex. Instead he determined to use much of his wealth to perpetuate his name and in 1606 he founded an almshouse for eight poor people at Ilton. <mask> had also been saving money to found a college at Oxford, yet his intentions had not been written down and his instructions on his death-bed were

masks:
Margaret Wadham
Nicholas Martyn
Nicholas Martyn
Margaret Wadham
Florence Wadham
Wadham


texts:
 contradictory. Despite this, his wife Dorothy, adding much of her own paternal inheritance, attended to his wishes and, in her old age, oversaw the construction Wadham College, Oxford to its completion. The descendants of his sisters nevertheless still received large inheritances from <mask>, including the manor of Ilton (to Wyndham); the manor of Wadham, Knowstone, (to Wyndham and Strangways); Lustleigh (to Wyndham and Strangways); Edge, Branscombe (to Wyndham and Strangways), Silverton in Devon (to Wyndham); Chiselborough (to Strangways) etc. Today, in 2017, the <mask> family's Merryfield estate is still owned by the Wyndham family of Orchard Wyndham. References

Davies, C. S. L. 'Wadham, <mask> (1531/2–1609)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.Further reading
Prince, John, (1643–1723) The Worthies of Devon, 1810 edition, biography of <mask>, Sir John, Knight, (died 1412), pp. 748–752
Stevens, Hariet Weeks Wadhams, Wadhams (sic) Genealogy, Preceded by a Sketch of the Wadham Family of England, New York, 1913
Rogers, William Henry Hamilton, Memorials of the West, Historical and Descriptive, Collected on the Borderland of Somerset, Dorset and Devon, Exeter, 1888, pp.147–173, The Founder and Foundress of Wadham
Thomas Graham Jackson, Wadham College, Oxford, its Foundation, Architecture and History, with an Account of the Family of Wadham and their Seats in Somerset and Devon, Oxford, 1893

Wadham, Nicolas
Alumni of Corpus Christi College, Oxford
1530s births
1609 deaths
16th-century English people
17th-century English

masks:
Nicholas Wham
Wadham
Nicholas
Wadham


texts:
Dame <mask>  (28 March 19027 July 1984) was an English actress and star of the theatrical stage and cinema, particularly renowned for her performances in plays demanding dramatic and emotional intensity. Her range extended from queens to murderesses. Early life
<mask> was born on 28 March 1902 in South Shields, County Durham, of Scottish descent to a family of six siblings. Many of her forebears were engineers, mostly in shipping. Her father was a ship's engineer who moved from Wallsend near Newcastle to Palmers Green in 1907 and Southgate in 1910, both in north London, and later to Welwyn Garden City. She was educated at the Palmers Green High School and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, where she won a bronze medal in 1921. Career
Her father discovered that <mask> had a talent for recitation and, from the age of 5, she was taken around by horse and carriage to recite, and to compete in recitations.This established a pattern that remained with her. <mask> made her stage debut in 1921. By the 1930s she was appearing in several prominent films both in the UK and in Hollywood, alongside such stars as Laurence Olivier, Paul Muni and George Raft. Her most notable role was that of Queen Elizabeth I in both Fire Over England (1937) and The Sea Hawk (1940). In 1934, <mask> played the Empress Elizabeth in Alexander Korda's The Rise of Catherine the Great (1934). She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Angelique Buiton, a servant, in Saratoga Trunk (1945). The same year, audiences in the U.K. and the U.S. watched her hypnotic performance as Ftatateeta, the nursemaid and royal confidante and murderess-upon-command to Vivien Leigh's Queen

masks:
Flora McKenzie Robson
Flora McKenzie Robson
Flora
Robson
Robson


texts: Cleopatra in the screen adaptation of George Bernard Shaw's Caesar and Cleopatra (1945).After the Second World War, demonstrating her range, she appeared in Holiday Camp (1947), the first of a series of films which featured the very ordinary Huggett family; as Sister Philippa in Black Narcissus (1947); as a magistrate in Good-Time Girl (1948); as a prospective Labour MP in Frieda (1947); and in the costume melodrama Saraband for Dead Lovers (1948). Her other film roles included the Empress Dowager Cixi in 55 Days at Peking (1963), Miss Milchrest in Murder at the Gallop (1963), the Queen of Hearts in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1972), and Livia in the aborted I, Claudius in 1937. She struggled to find a footing in the theatre after she graduated from RADA with a bronze medal since she lacked the conventional good looks which were then an absolute requisite for actresses in dramatic roles. After touring in minor parts with Ben Greet's Shakespeare company she may have played small parts for two seasons in the new repertory company at Oxford, but her contract was not renewed. She was told that they required a prettier actress. Unable to secure any acting engagements, she gave up the stage at the age of 23, and she took up work as a welfare officer in the Shredded Wheat factory in Welwyn Garden City. Tyrone Guthrie, due to direct a season at the new Festival Theatre, Cambridge, asked her to join his company.Her performance as the stepdaughter in Pirandello's Six Characters in Search of an Author made her the theatrical talk of Cambridge. She followed  with Isabella in Measure for Measure with Robert Donat, Pirandello's Naked, the title role in Iphigenia in Tauris, Varya


texts:
 in The Cherry Orchard, and Rebecca West in Henrik Ibsen's Rosmersholm. In 1931, she was cast as the adulterous Abbie in Eugene O'Neill's Desire Under the Elms. Her brief, shocking appearance as the doomed prostitute in James Bridie's play The Anatomist put her firmly on the road to success. "If you are not moved by this girl's performance, then you are immovable" the Observer critic wrote. This success would lead to her famous 1933 season as leading lady at the Old Vic. She continued her acting career late into life, though not on the West End stage, from which she retired at the age of 67, often for American television films, including a lavish production of A Tale of Two Cities (in which she played Miss Pross).She also performed for British television, including The Shrimp and the Anemone. In the 1960s, she continued to act in the West End, in Ring Round the Moon, The Importance of Being Earnest and Three Sisters, among others. She continued to act on film and television. She was last briefly seen as a Stygian Witch in the fantasy adventure Clash of the Titans in 1981. Both the BBC and ITV made special programs to celebrate her 80th birthday in 1982, and the BBC ran a short season of her best films. Awards and honours
She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress as Angelique Buiton, a Haitian maid, in Saratoga Trunk (1945). She was created a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1952 New Year Honours, and raised to Dame Commander (DBE) in the 1960 Birthday Honours.She was also the first famous name to become president of the Brighton Little Theatre. On 4 July 1958, she received an honorary DLitt from Durham University at a


texts:
 congregation in Durham Castle. She was the subject of This Is Your Life in February 1961 when she was surprised by Eamonn Andrews in central London. Personal life and death

Her private life was largely focused on her large family of sisters, nephews and nieces, who used the home in Wykeham Terrace, Brighton, which she shared with sisters, Margaret and Shela. She died in Brighton, aged 82, in her sleep, of cancer. She was never married and had no children. The two sisters, with whom she shared her life and home, died around the same time: Shela shortly before <mask>, in 1984, and Margaret on 1 February 1985.Legacies

Dame <mask> Avenue, built in 1962, in Simonside, South Shields, is named after her. There is a plaque on the house in Wykeham Terrace, Dyke Road, Brighton, and also one in the doorway of St. Nicholas's Church, of which <mask> was a great supporter. There is also a plaque to commemorate the opening of the Prince Charles Theatre (Leicester Square, London) by <mask>. In 1996, the British Film Institute erected a plaque at number 14 Marine Gardens, location of <mask>'s other home in Brighton, where she lived from 1961 to 1976. A plaque at 40 Handside Lane in Welwyn Garden City records <mask> living there from 1923 to 1925. A blue plaque sponsored by Southgate District Civic Trust and <mask>'s former school Palmers Green High School was unveiled at her family home from 1910 to 1921, The Lawe, 65, The Mall, Southgate, on 25 April 2010. <mask> attended the opening of the Flora Robson Playhouse in Jesmond, Newcastle upon Tyne, in 1962, which was named in her honour.The building was demolished in 1971 and the theatre company it housed relocated to the new University

masks:
Flora
Flora Robson
Flora Robson
Flora Robson
Flora
Flora Robson
Robson
Robson


texts:
<mask> (15 October 1935 – 21 August 2008), was an English rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, and coached in the 1970s. He played at representative level for Great Britain, England and Yorkshire, and at club level for Featherstone Rovers (Heritage № 348) (captain) and Wakefield Trinity (Heritage № 710), as a right-footed goal-kicking  or , i.e. number 7, 8 or 10, or 13, during the era of contested scrums, and coached at club level for Batley. Background
<mask> was born in Sharlston, near Wakefield, West Riding of Yorkshire, England. He was the younger brother of Peter, and the older brother of <mask>, and together they formed one of the legendary rugby league families. <mask> holds the Featherstone Rovers record for tries scored (162) and is third on their all-time goal-kicking charts with 503 in 369 appearances, itself the 7th most in Featherstone Rovers' history, having enjoyed 13 years at Featherstone Rovers, before joining Wakefield Trinity in 1965 for £3,000 (based on increases in average earnings, this would be approximately £98,750 in 2013). <mask> earned his début for Featherstone Rovers as a  on Wednesday 9 September 1953.A gifted player, he broke the Featherstone Rovers' record points scored in a season, the next winter and was called up for England's game against France. He was an outstanding kicker, scoring 12 goals in a Challenge Cup victory against Stanningley ARLFC in 1964. He was understudy to Alex Murphy on the 1962 Lions tour of Australasia and then moved to  where he earned his sole Test cap for Great Britain against Australia in 1963. He joined Wakefield in 1965,

masks:
Donald Fox
Don Fox
Neil Fox
Don
Don Fox


texts:
 linking up with his young brother Neil, and they enjoyed great success with Wakefield Trinity. After he retired from playing in 1970, he coached Batley from November 1972 to October 1974, before becoming a safety-joiner in the South Yorkshire coalfield. He died in a hospital in Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England. Playing career

International honours

Great Britain
<mask> won a cap for Great Britain while at Featherstone Rovers in 1963 against Australia (1-try, 2-goals), he also represented Great Britain while at Featherstone Rovers between 1952 and 1956 against France (1 non-Test match), and he was selected for Great Britain while at Featherstone Rovers for the 1962 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand.England
<mask> won one cap for England, during the 1955-56 European Rugby League Championship, v France on 10 May 1956; France won 23-9. County honours
<mask> won caps for Yorkshire while at Featherstone Rovers; during the 1956–57 season against Cumberland and Lancashire, and during the 1958–59 season against and Lancashire, he also won a cap(s) for Yorkshire while at Wakefield Trinity. Championship Final appearances
<mask> played  in Wakefield Trinity's 21-9 victory over St. Helens in the Championship Final replay during the 1966–67 season at Station Road, Swinton on Wednesday 10 May 1967, and played right-, i.e. number 10, and scored a goal in the 17-10 victory over Hull Kingston Rovers in the Championship Final during the 1967–68 season at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds on Saturday 4 May 1968. Challenge Cup Final appearances
<mask> played right-, i.e. number 10, and scored 2-conversions in

masks:
Don Fox
Fox
Don Fox
Don Fox
Don Fox


texts:
 Wakefield Trinity's 10-11 defeat by Leeds in the 1967–68 Challenge Cup "Watersplash" Final during the 1967–68 season at Wembley Stadium, London on Saturday 11 May 1968, in front of a crowd of 87,100. The match was played on a waterlogged pitch and the score was 11-7 to Leeds when Ken Hirst scored a try under the posts for Wakefield Trinity with the final play of the game.Tries were worth three points at that time, making the score 11-10, but a simple 2-point conversion was all that was needed to give Wakefield an unassailable one-point lead, and win the game. Wakefield Trinity fans were jubilant as the conversion from in front of the posts is by far the easiest kick in rugby league. <mask> had already scored two more difficult conversions in the game, and he was such a prolific kicker that it realistically should have presented no problem. However, the waterlogged state of the pitch made this a more difficult proposition, and <mask> lost his footing and sliced the ball wide of the posts. The final whistle was blown immediately afterwards, giving Leeds a dramatic one-point victory. Commentator Eddie Waring said of <mask>, 'He's a poor lad', a remark which became a widely quoted piece of commentary. <mask> had already been chosen to win the Lance Todd Trophy for his performance in the match, but he was disconsolate and trudged off the pitch.Interviewed by David Coleman on television later, he was asked if the trophy was any consolation and replied "not really, no". The boots he was wearing during the game are now on display at Wakefield Museum. County Cup Final appearances
<mask> played , and scored a try in

masks:
Fox
Fox
Fox
Fox
Don Fox


texts:
 Featherstone Rovers' 15-14 victory over Hull F.C. in the 1959–60 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1959–60 season at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds on Saturday 31 October 1959, and played  in Featherstone Rovers' 0-10 defeat by Halifax in the 1963–64 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1963–64 season at Belle Vue, Wakefield on Saturday 2 November 1963. Drop-goals (field-goals)
<mask> appears to have scored no drop-goals (or field-goals as they are currently known in Australasia), but prior to the 1974–75 season all goals, whether; conversions, penalties, or drop-goals, scored 2-points, consequently prior to this date drop-goals were often not explicitly documented, therefore '0' drop-goals may indicate drop-goals not recorded, rather than no drop-goals scored. Testimonial match
<mask>'s benefit season/testimonial match at Featherstone Rovers took place during the 1963–64 season. Honoured at Featherstone Rovers
<mask> is a Featherstone Rovers Hall of Fame inductee.References

External links
SportsFile: Caught in Time: Leeds win the Challenge Cup, 1968
Obituary in The Telegraph
Obituary in The Times
Obituary in The Independent
Obituary in The Guardian
Rugby Cup Final 1968

1935 births
2008 deaths
Batley Bulldogs coaches
Batley Bulldogs players
England national rugby league team players
English rugby league coaches
English rugby league players
Featherstone Rovers captains
Featherstone Rovers players
Great Britain national rugby league team players
Lance Todd Trophy winners
People from Sharlston
Rugby league halfbacks
Rugby league locks
Rugby league players from Wakefield
Wakefield Trinity players
Yorkshire rugby

masks:
Don Fox
Don Fox
Don Fox


texts: <mask>, 2nd Earl of Castlehaven (1593 – 14 May 1631; also spelled Mervin, Touchet), was an English nobleman who was convicted of rape and sodomy and subsequently executed. He is the only member of parliament to be executed for a non-political crime. A son of George Tuchet, 1st Earl of Castlehaven and 11th Baron Audley, by his wife, <mask>, he was known by the courtesy title of Lord Audley during his father's lifetime, so is sometimes referred to as Mervyn Audley. He was knighted by James I in 1608, before he studied law at the Middle Temple. He served as Member of the Parliament of England for Dorset in the Addled Parliament of 1614 and was a Justice of the Peace for the counties of Dorset, Somerset, and Wiltshire. He succeeded his father on 20 February 1616 or 1617 as Earl of Castlehaven and Baron Audley. He left six children upon his death.Sometime before 1608 (records of the marriage are lacking), Lord Audley married Elizabeth Barnham, a sister-in-law of the philosopher and scientist Francis Bacon, and with her he had six children. By all accounts the marriage was a loving and successful one, ending with her death in 1622. His second marriage, on 22 July 1624, at Harefield, Middlesex, was to the former Lady Anne Stanley (1580–1647), elder daughter and co-heiress of Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of Derby (by his wife, Alice Spencer), and widow of Grey Brydges, 5th Baron Chandos. They had a daughter, Anne Touchet, who died young. Lady Anne was significantly older than Castlehaven, and the marriage was not a success, but in 1628 Lord Castlehaven's son was married to her thirteen-year-old daughter, Elizabeth; a marriage

masks:
Mervyn Tuchet
Lucy Mervyn


texts:
 of step-children. Trial on charges of rape and sodomy
In 1630, Castlehaven was publicly accused of raping his wife and committing sodomy with two of his servants. Castlehaven's son, James, claimed that it was the extent of Castlehaven's "uxoriousness" toward his male favourites which led to his initial lodging of a complaint.At a trial by his peers, it was stated that one such favourite, Henry Skipwith, had arrived at Fonthill Gifford in 1621 and that within a few years he was so close to Castlehaven that he sat at the family's table and was to be addressed as "Mister Skipwith" by the servants. Several years later, Giles Broadway arrived at the house and received similar treatment. It was not long before Castlehaven was providing Skipwith with an annual pension, and he was accused of attempting to have Skipwith inseminate his daughter-in-law, to produce an heir from Skipwith instead of his son. In fact, the countess and Skipwith had an adulterous relationship. Charges were brought against Castlehaven on the complaint of his eldest son and heir, who feared disinheritance, and were heard by the Privy Council under the direction of Thomas Coventry, Lord High Steward. Lady Castlehaven gave evidence of a household which she said was infested with debauchery, and the Attorney-General acting for the prosecution explained to the court that Castlehaven had become ill because "he believed not God", an impiety which made Castlehaven unsafe. However, he insisted he was not guilty and that his wife and son had conspired together in an attempt to commit judicial murder.All witnesses against Castlehaven would gain materially by his


texts: death (as the defendant put it: "It is my estate, my Lords, that does accuse me this day, and nothing else") and "News writers throughout England and as far away as Massachusetts Bay speculated about the outcome." Castlehaven maintained his innocence, and the trial aroused considerable public debate. After some deliberation the Privy Council returned a unanimous verdict of guilty on the charge of rape. The sodomy charge was also upheld, but by a slim margin as not all jurors agreed that actual penetration had taken place. The case remains of interest to some as an early trial concerning male homosexuality, but ultimately its greatest influence proved to be as a precedent in spousal rights, as it became the leading case establishing an injured wife's right to testify against her husband. Castlehaven was convicted, attainted, and three weeks later beheaded on Tower Hill for his sexual crimes: namely the "unnatural crime" of sodomy, committed with his page Laurence (or Florence) FitzPatrick, who confessed to the crime and was executed; and assisting Giles Browning (alias Broadway), who was also executed, in the rape of his wife Anne, Countess of Castlehaven, in which Lord Castlehaven was found to have participated by restraining her. The page who was executed, Laurence FitzPatrick, testified that Lady Castlehaven "was the wickedest woman in the world, and had more to answer for than any woman that lived".In The Complete Peerage, Cokayne adds that the death of Castlehaven was certainly brought about by his wife's manipulations and that her undoubted adultery with one Ampthill and with Henry Skipwith renders her motives


texts:
 suspicious. According to the historian Cynthia B. Herrup, Anne was the equal of Lord Castlehaven in immorality. Under the terms of the attainder, Castlehaven forfeited his English barony of Audley, created for heirs general, but retained his Irish earldom and barony since it was an entailed honour protected by the statute De Donis. When he was beheaded on Tower Hill on 14 May 1631, those Irish titles passed to his son James. Children
Mervyn Touchet's first marriage (before 1608) was with Elizabeth Barnham (1592 – c. 1622–4), daughter of London alderman Benedict Barnham and his wife, Dorothea Smith, and they had six surviving children:

 James Tuchet, 3rd Earl of Castlehaven (1612–1684), who married Elizabeth Brydges (1614 or 1615 – 1679), daughter of his stepmother, but left no surviving children
 Lady Frances Touchet (born 1617)
 Hon. George Touchet (died ), who became a Benedictine monk
 <mask> Tuchet, 4th Earl of Castlehaven (died 1686)
 Lady Lucy Touchet (died 1662)
 Lady Dorothy Touchet (died 1635)

His second marriage was with Lady Anne Stanley, 22 July 1624, daughter of Ferdinando Stanley and Alice Spencer. From this marriage there was one daughter:

 Anne Touchet, died young.References

Rictor Norton, "The Trial of <mask> Touchet, Earl of Castlehaven, 1631", The Great Queens of History. Updated 8 August 2009

1593 births
1631 deaths
12
02
Executed politicians
People convicted under a bill of attainder
Executions at the Tower of London
Executed English people
People executed for sodomy
Sex scandals
People executed by Stuart England by decapitation
Members of the Middle Temple
English politicians convicted of

masks: Mervyn Mervyn


texts:
<mask> (, ;  – 19 August 1978) was a Soviet officer and later Marshal of the engineer troops, responsible for logistics, fortification and military infrastructure during and after World War II. He was tasked on several occasions with fortifying strategically important areas and also reconstruction, including all Black Sea ports during and after World War II. He served primarily on military engineering and defense strategy posts, including being the Deputy Minister of Defence and would play a major role in the structural development of the Soviet armed forces and strategic missile forces during the Cold War era. An avenue in Georgia's capital Tbilisi and a street in the city of Sevastopol have been named after Marshal <mask>. Early life
<mask> was born on November 27, 1915, in the village Spatagori of the Tsageri Municipality in Georgia. The boy was not yet six years old when his father, known in the Caucasus as <mask> the engineer, died of typhoid fever. The orphan had to learn to live and grow up the hard way.But instead of breaking the young man, it only contributed in steeling his character. In 1936 after graduating from the Tbilisi Industrial Institute, he started his career as engineer. After only three years his life took a radical change. Gelovani joined the Soviet Army as the army was in need of competent experts, since it became clearer that a war would be the case soon or later. The young engineer quickly found his place in the armed forces and rose through its ranks. Military career

As a military technician of 1st rank, he began his activities with the Black Sea Fleet and got soon appointed to chief engineer for constructions. The Great Patriotic War found him quickly when he led a small task force of engineers to construct several artillery positions and place artillery batteries on them under heaviest enemy shelling and impossible conditions.The 152 mm guns would play a great role during the Battle of Perekop which was part of the Crimean Offensive. For completing this mission <mask> received his first and personally most memorable award, the Order of the Red Star. Many more would

masks:
Archil Viktorovich Gelovani
Gelovani
Gelovani
Viktor Gelovani
Gelovani


texts:
 follow. In the postwar years, <mask> <mask>'s work was accociated mainly to Reconstruction, particularly coastal areas of the Black Sea. Thus in 1953 he was appointed Chief of Military Infrastructure in the port city of Sevastopol, which was heavily damaged during the war. The reconstruction of Sevastopol was given high importance as it would serve as the main base of the Black Fleet and was strictly observed by Moscow. Due to his huge success and numerous other efforts in the area, <mask> would be later granted the title of 'Honorary Citizen and Hero of Sevastopol' in 1976.One of Sevastopols streets was also named after him. From 1956 to 1959 <mask> performed construction works while being second in command of the Black Sea Fleet. Later on the same year, he got appointed to deputy commander of the Soviet Navy Construction Buro with the rank of Major-General. The success of military builder <mask> <mask> evaluated which made him receive a position as Chief Engineer of the Strategic Missile Troops. It was then in 1962, when a new branch in the armed forces celebrated its second year. The Engineering forces had to complete a gigant task which was to build missile systems and launchers in time and quickly put them on alert. In 1968 <mask> received the Lenin Prize for the development and implementation of special military facilities.A few years later he would also receive the State Prize in accordance to the successful emplacement and in time readiness of all strategic missiles. In 1974 the prince was appointed to Deputy Minister of Defence for Construction and Quartering of Troops. A huge map in his office covered symbols of construction projects. In 1977 for serving as engineer, organizer and guide for the construction of countless military and also civilian infrastructure, Colonel General <mask> <mask> was awarded the title Chief Marshal of Engineering Troops. Death

As a result of an unknown disease, Marshal Prince <mask> Gelovali died on August 19, 1978, in Moscow. In the hospital he gave a short interview to one of the military magazines:

He was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery in

masks:
Archil
Gelovani
Gelovani
Gelovani
Archil
Gelovani
Gelovani
Archil
V Gelovani
Archil


texts:
<mask> (July 24, 1786 – September 11, 1843), also known as Jean-<mask>, was a French geographer, astronomer, and mathematician known for mapping the Upper Mississippi River basin during the 1830s. Nicollet led three expeditions in the region between the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers, primarily in Minnesota, South Dakota, and North Dakota. Before emigrating to the United States, <mask> was a professor of mathematics at Collège Louis-le-Grand, and a professor and astronomer at the Paris Observatory with Pierre-Simon Laplace. Political and academic changes in France led Nicollet to travel to the United States to do work that would bolster his reputation among academics in Europe. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1842. Nicollet's maps were among the most accurate of the time, correcting errors made by Zebulon Pike, and they provided the basis for all subsequent maps of the American interior. They were also among the first to depict elevation by hachuring and the only maps to use regional Native American placenames.<mask>'s Map of the Hydrographical Basin of the Upper Mississippi was published in 1843, following his death. Nicollet Tower, located in Sisseton, South Dakota is a monument to Nicollet and his work and was constructed in 1991. Early life and education

<mask> was born at Cluses in Savoy. He was very bright, showing aptitude in mathematics and astronomy that earned him a scholarship to the Jesuit college in Chambéry. He began teaching mathematics at age 19. In 1817, he was appointed as a professor and astronomer at the Paris Observatory and worked with scientist and mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace. While working at the observatory, Nicollet discovered a comet and built a reputation as an expert in astronomy and physical

masks:
Joseph Nicolas Nicollet
Nicolas Nicollet
Nicollet
Nicollet
Nicollet


texts:
 geography.During the 1820s, he worked as a mathematics professor at the Collège Louis-le-Grand. Emigration, 1832
Nicollet encountered financial and professional difficulties resulting from political turbulence in France following the July Revolution (1830) and the rising dominance of physics as a laboratory science. Penniless, he emigrated to the United States in 1832, sailing from the port of Brest. Nicollet hoped to boost his reputation among European academics through his work in the US. He intended to make a "scientific tour" of the country and had a goal of using his expertise to accurately map the Mississippi River Valley. He arrived in Washington, D.C., where he met with scientists and government officials, discussing scientific surveys of the country. He traveled to New Orleans, from where he intended to proceed to St. Louis, Missouri, but due to a cholera outbreak, travel by steamboat was practically halted.Instead he spent the next three years traveling throughout the south, primarily between New Orleans and Baltimore. Nicollet finally arrived in St. Louis in 1835. Mapping the Mississippi
Upon his arrival 1835 in St. Louis, Nicollet gained support for his plan to map the Mississippi River from the American Fur Company and the wealthy Choteau family (who had helped found St. Louis and long had a fur trading monopoly with the Osage tribe based on contracts with former Spanish authorities and later status as U.S. Indian agent). From St. Louis, he took a boat up the river to Fort Snelling, Minnesota. Over the next 4 years Nicollet led three expeditions exploring the Upper Mississippi, mostly in the area that is now Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota. First expedition, 1836–37

The first expedition took place in 1836–37 and was privately funded by American Fur and


texts:
 the Choteaus. Nicollet departed Fort Snelling by canoe on July 29, 1836, accompanied by Chagobay, an Ojibwe chief, his nine-year-old son, and a half-French guide named Brunia.Nicollet explored the Mississippi to its source of Lake Itasca and the nearby Mississippi tributary, the St. Croix River. The results of this expedition corrected an error in Zebulon Pike's 1805 map, which placed the mouth of the Crow Wing River too far to the west, rendering all maps of this area inaccurate. Second expedition, 1838
Upon his return to Washington, D.C. to report his findings, <mask> was appointed to head the newly formed Corps of Topographical Engineers and lead a War Department-funded expedition to map the area between the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers in order to correct the western maps affected by Pike's mistake. The expedition party set out on June 18, 1838 from Traverse des Sioux. The party was composed of John C. Frémont, who was appointed by the War Department to assist on the expedition in lieu of a military escort, <mask> Jr., and <mask>, an agent for the American Fur Company who was half French, half Native American. On July 4, 1838 the expedition arrived at Pipestone Quarry, where the party members carved their initials on a rock. From there, the party proceeded along the Minnesota and Blue Earth Rivers toward Spirit Lake, Iowa.Third expedition
In his third and final expedition, guided by Louison Freniere, Nicollet retained the assistance from Frémont and was joined for part of his journey by the Jesuit Missionary Pierre-Jean De Smet. De Smet used skills learned from Nicollet to make his own maps of the Missouri River basin. On this and on his second expedition, botanist Charles Geyer took extensive notes cataloging the area's native plants. This journey was also government

masks:
Nicollet
Joseph Renville
Joseph LaFboise


texts:
 funded and took Nicollet northwest from Iowa along the Missouri River toward Fort Pierre, South Dakota. His efforts were hampered as the Steamboat Pirate carrying his supplies sank in April 1839. On July 11, 1839, the second leg of his trip set out from Fort Pierre for Devil's Lake, North Dakota. From there, Nicollet travelled back across the Coteau des Prairies to Fort Snelling.Death
On September 11, 1839, Nicollet returned to Washington, D.C. where he worked on consolidating the information collected into the Report to the Senate. He fully intended to return to Minnesota to continue his work, but failing health led to his death in Washington in 1843. He is buried at the Congressional Cemetery, his gravestone noting "He will triumph who understands how to conciliate and combine with the greatest skill the benefits of the past with the demands of the future." Legacy

Later in 1843, a book containing much of his work, Map of the Hydrographical Basin of the Upper Mississippi, was published. The maps in the book were highly accurate and covered a region more than half the size of Europe. Morever, Nicollet's maps were among the first in the world to depict elevation by hachuring and are among the only sources for original Native American place names in the region. Many of Nicollet's sketches and journals from his expeditions are housed at the Library of Congress, the Smithsonian Institution, and the National Archives.In 1847, one of his expeditions' private sponsors, Pierre Chouteau Jr., established Fort Benton as the furthest fur-trading post on the Upper Missouri River, in what became known as Chouteau County, Montana in his honor. Nicollet's own name is applied to several places in the region he explored, including Nicollet Island, Nicollet Avenue in Minneapolis, Nicollet


texts:
 County and the city of Nicollet, all located in Minnesota. In 1991, the <mask> N. Nicollet Tower and Interpretive Center was constructed in Sisseton, South Dakota near the path Nicollet had taken from Devil's Lake back to Fort Snelling on his final expedition. A banker and Sisseton resident became fascinated with Nicollet's story and work after reading <mask><mask> on the Plains and Prairies, a translation of Nicollet's journals, and raised $335,000 from seven local donors to build the monument. The 80-foot tall tower with 96 steps was primarily built of Douglas-fir from Idaho with concrete pillars and steel bolts. From the top, six counties in three states (South Dakota, North Dakota, and Minnesota) can be seen, including a view of the Laurentian Divide, the Coteau des Prairies, and the ancient glacial valley that Nicollet mapped. The Interpretive Center houses 2,400 square feet of classroom space and exhibits, including Nicollet's map and a mural of Nicollet's meeting with Wanata, chief of the Yankton Dakota.References

Further reading

External links
 Nicollet Project Website at St. Olaf College. Report Intended to Illustrate of the Hydrographical Basin of the Upper Mississippi River. Retrieved May 29, 2009 from Google Book Search. John Cushman Abbott Exhibit Supplement—includes a discussion of Nicollet and his book Report Intended to Illustrate a Map of the Hydrographical Basin of the Upper Mississippi River, and a downloadable pdf file of the book. 1786 births
1843 deaths
French explorers of North America
French explorers
French geographers
French emigrants to the United States
Pre-statehood history of Minnesota
American explorers
History of United States expansionism
Burials at the Congressional Cemetery
Explorers of the United States
People from Haute-Savoie
Recipients

masks:
Joseph
Joseph N
. Nicollet


texts:
<mask>, AO (11 September 1916 – 2 April 2012) was an Australian conservationist, explorer, author, and chemical engineer. A keen bushwalker, he is perhaps best known for his role, spanning many years, of working towards the promotion, planning and eventual creation of the Heysen Trail. His work in conservation has been across a range of issues, but especially those connected with South Australian arid landscapes. Early years
Bonython was born in Adelaide, South Australia, to John Lavington Bonython (later Sir John), and Constance Jean, née <mask> (Lady <mask>). His grandfather was Sir John Langdon Bonython. He had one brother (<mask>), one sister (Katherine Downer Verco), a half-brother (<mask>) and two half-sisters (Lady Elizabeth (Betty) Hornabrook Wilson and Ada Bray Heath). (See John Lavington Bonython#Family for more detail.)Industrial career
Bonython studied chemical engineering at Adelaide University. Upon graduating with a Bachelor of Science, he accepted a position with ICI Australia Ltd. There he conducted research and management in the solar salt industry, from 1940 to 1966, and served for 20 years as manager of the salt fields at Dry Creek in Adelaide. At the age of 50 he retired from his industrial career in 1966 in order to devote his time to his many other interests. Conservation and exploration
Bonython's lifetime interests in conservation and exploration were first publicly recognised by his appointment as President, Royal Geographical Society of Australasia, South Australian Branch, in 1959.

Notable achievements
Bonython is credited with the conception of the Heysen Trail. In 1973, he and friend Charles McCubbin walked 463 kilometres north-south across the

masks:
Charles Warren Bonython
Warren
Jean Bonython
Kym Bonython
John Langdon Bonython


texts:
 Simpson Desert, pulling a 250-kilogram loaded trailer dubbed "the Comalco Camel", the trek lasting 32 days. In 1982, he and companion walker Terry Kreig became the first white people to walk the 500 km around the shores of Lake Eyre.At the age of 75, he climbed Mount Kilimanjaro. Committees and awards
Source:
 President, Royal Geographical Society of Australasia South Australian Branch 1959-61
 South Australian Chairman, Water Research Foundation of Australia 1961-76
 Foundation Committee Member, Australian Solar Energy Society 1962
 Colombo Plan Adviser on salt to the Ceylon government 1964
 Member of the first executive of the Australian Conservation Foundation 1965-73. Director, Dampier Salt Ltd 1968-79. President, Conservation Council of South Australia 1971-75
 President, National Trust of South Australia 1971-76
 Chairman, Long Distance Trail Committee 1971-78
 Member of the Australian Heritage Commission 1976-91
 Chairman, Evaluation Panel for Natural Areas in South Australia, Australian Heritage Commission 1977-91
 Member of the Uranium Advisory Council 1978-83
 Officer of the Order of Australia 1980, in recognition of service to conservation
 President, Royal Society of South Australia 1980-81
 Chairman, Reserves Advisory Committee to Minister of Environment and Planning South Australia 1981-84
 John Lewis Gold Medal (for Exploration), Royal Geographical Society of Australasia (SA Branch) 1984
 President, Scientific Expedition Group 1984-? President, Council of the National Parks Foundation of South Australia 1985-89
 Australian Geographic Adventurer of the Year 1990

Personal
In his early years, <mask> owned the first MG sports car in South Australia, and set the speed


texts: record on Sellicks Beach. He married Cynthia Eyres Young, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Frank Young of Romalo Avenue Magill, on 12 April 1941 at the Church of the Epiphany at Crafers. He began bushwalking while living in Melbourne in the 1940s.With his wife Cynthia, (known as Bunty), together they walked through the Dandenong and Cathedral Ranges. With the birth of the first of their three children, (Simon, Veryan and Alice), Bunty decided against further bushwalking, but supported him in his subsequent walks. After World War II, he returned with his family to Adelaide, and from this base continued to plan long walks, in outback South Australia and elsewhere. His walks included: walking the length of the MacDonnell Ranges; the Larapinta Trail; Lake Eyre; Northern India to the border of Kashmir; the Sierra Club’s high trek in Nevada; climbing the mountains of Maui and walking through the craters; numerous visits to New Zealand; the Everest Trek; and the 463 km crossing of the Simpson Desert, described in his book "Walking the Simpson Desert". Except for the period in Melbourne, the Bonythons lived their entire married life in "Romalo House", (located at 24 Romalo Avenue, Magill, South Australia), having bought the home and adjacent land from Bunty's parents. In 2000 it was announced: "The undeveloped allotment at 22 Romalo Avenue Magill, formerly owned by <mask> and Bunty Bonython, is being amalgamated with the adjoining walkway to form a reserve to be known as Young Park. This has been made possible through the generosity of the Bonythons and assistance from the State Government Open Space Planning and Development Fund."<ref>Mayor's report, Minutes of Council Meeting, 11 December


texts:
 2001, City of Burnside, pg.2The official opening of Young Park in Magill took place on 27 November. The creation of this small urban nature reserve was made possible through the generosity of <mask> and Bunty Bonython, and matching funds from Council and the State Government Open Space Planning and Development Fund. The park is named after Frank and Phillis Young, the former owners of the nearby Romalo House and parents of Bunty Bonython.</ref>

From an early age, Bunty <mask> has had a deep interest and love of history. Her written works include a brief history of Beaumont House, and two books about St George's Church Magill, where she has been the honorary historian for many years. A funeral service for <mask> was conducted on 12 April 2012 in St Peters Cathedral. Publications
Incomplete list:
 1953 - The filling and drying of Lake Eyre (with Bruce Mason), Reprinted from the Geographical Journal, Vol. CXIX, Part 3, September 1953.1956 - The salt of Lake Eyre, its occurrence in Madigan Gulf and its possible origin. Reprinted from Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, v. 79, May 1956. Second edition,  Libraries Board of South Australia, 1965. 1958 - The influence of salinity upon the rate of natural evaporation, Climatology and micro climatology : proceedings of the Canberra symposium (held October 1956). 1966 - Factors determining the rate of solar evaporation in the production of salt. Symposium on Salt (2nd : 1965 : Cleveland)
 1971 – Walking the Flinders Ranges. Rigby: Adelaide.(Reprinted in 2000 by the Royal Geographical Society of South Australia). 1975 – Conservation in Australia. (Illustrated by Douglas Luck). Rigby: Adelaide. 1976–1981 – I'm no lady: the

masks: Warren Bonython Warren


texts:
 reminiscences of Constance Jean, Lady Bonython, O.B.E. 1891-1977. (Edited by C<mask> Bonython and issued in progressive chapter-instalments).1980 – Walking the Simpson Desert. Rigby: Adelaide. 1987 - History of the Heysen Trail, www.heysentrail.asn.au
 1989 – The Great Filling of Lake Eyre in 1974. (With A. Stewart Fraser). Royal Geographical Society of Australasia: Adelaide. 1998 - Unravelling the secrets of Arkaroo and Curdimurka : the Gammon Ranges and Lake Eyre over the last 50 years. Reprint from the Journal of the Historical Society of South Australia, Number 26, 1998.Commemorations
 Bonython is remembered in the naming of the Warren Bonython Link, which joins the eastern and western sections of the Mount Remarkable National Park. See also
Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges National Park
Bonython

References and notes

External links
Photos
Photo of C Warren Bonython AO, 1987
<mask> and <mask>, nd
<mask> and Terry Kreig, 1982. Conservationist walker <mask> with former geology teacher Terry Kreig (member of Eyre Consulative Committee to the Environment Department) during trek around Lake Eyre in 1982.'' Obituaries
Vale <mask>, Simon Blight, Council Member, Friends of the Heysen Trail, 3 April 2012
Tribute to <mask>, Allan Holmes, Chief Executive of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 3 April 2012
Vale C. Warren Bonython 1916-2012, <mask>, Australian Geographic, 3 April 2012
Vale Warren Bonython - Heysen Trail pioneer, Sylvia O'Regan, Australian Geographic, 4 April 2012

1916 births
2012 deaths
People from Adelaide
Australian chemical engineers
Officers of the Order of Australia
University of Adelaide alumni
Imperial Chemical Industries people
Australian

masks:
. Warren
Warren
Cynthia Bonython
Warren Bonython
Warren Bonython
Warren Bonython
Warren Bonython
Warren Field


texts:
<mask> (born July 26, 1979) is an American actress, singer and songwriter, who finished fourth place on the first season of the musical reality competition American Idol in 2002. Post American Idol, <mask> has begun acting on Broadway and television. She had a recurring role on the third season of the drama series Boston Public in early 2003. Personal life
<mask> was born in Takoma Park, Maryland and later moved to Norcross, Georgia. She graduated from Stone Mountain High School in Stone Mountain, Georgia in 1997. She began singing at an early age. She competed in several beauty pageants and was named Miss Atlanta in 1998.<mask> attended Georgia State University, majoring in business law and entertainment management. Prior to American Idol, she worked a variety of jobs including daycare worker, party motivator, telemarketer, waitress, and running her own cleaning service. She also filmed Coca-Cola commercials and worked with artists like her friend Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes and rapper DMX with hopes of finding an opening into the entertainment industry. <mask> married Color Me Badd singer Sam Watters (whom she worked with on The Dreamer) on September 2, 2006, in Capri, Italy. About 45 guests were in attendance, including her then-manager, Lisa Braude. <mask>'s photographer sold the wedding photos to American press, and the low-key relationship soon became public after People broke the story. She is now stepmom to Kieran, Sam's son from a previous marriage.On March 23, 2010, <mask> announced to Entertainment Weekly that she was expecting her first baby with Watters. On July 17, 2010, <mask> gave birth to daughter Sienna Marie. American Idol
In 2002, <mask> became one of the ten finalists on the first season of American

masks:
Tamyra Monica Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray


texts:
 Idol, eventually finishing fourth. Her performance of the Burt Bacharach classic "A House Is Not a Home" was described by Judge Simon Cowell as "one of the best performances on television" that he had ever seen. <mask> was also featured on two tracks on the American Idol Christmas CD—a solo version of "Silent Night" and a duet version of "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas" with Ruben Studdard. She also appeared on the Idol Christmas Special on Fox with Clarkson, Studdard, and other finalists from the first two Idol seasons. During the third season of American Idol, she returned to the show on several occasions to sing "Raindrops Will Fall" and "Star", songs she co-wrote for her debut album, and to sing the National Anthem to open the final results show of the season.<mask> also co-wrote the American Idol season three single "I Believe", which was performed by Idol finalists Fantasia Barrino and Diana DeGarmo. Barrino then released "I Believe" as her American Idol single, which debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 Charts. List of performances on American Idol

Semifinals
June 18, 2002 "And I'm Telling You I'm Not Going" by Jennifer Holliday

On June 19, 2002, <mask> became a finalist of American Idol. Finals
July 16, 2002 "Touch Me in the Morning" by Diana Ross
Theme: Motown
July 23, 2002 "A Fool in Love" by Ike & Tina Turner
Theme: '60s Music
July 30, 2002 "If I Were Your Woman" by Gladys Knight & the Pips
Theme: '70s Music
August 6, 2002 "Minnie the Moocher" by Cab Calloway
Theme: Big Band
August 13, 2002 "A House Is Not a Home" by Luther Vandross
Theme: Burt Bacharach Songs
August 20, 2002 "New Attitude" by Patti LaBelle and "Feel the Fire" by Stephanie Mills

During the season, many critics and fans

masks: Gray Gray Tamyra


texts:
 thought that Tamyra would make it to the finals, and perhaps win. However, on August 21, <mask> was placed in the Bottom 2 (along with Nikki McKibbin), and then eliminated from the show. The judges expressed their shock at the audience decision, while making supportive comments to <mask>.Music career
In 1998, <mask>'s song "Slippin'." After American Idol, creator Simon Fuller signed <mask> to his newly formed independent record label, 19 Records, a division of his 19 Management, <mask>'s first solo album, The Dreamer, which <mask> wrote herself, was eventually released on May 25, 2004. The album sold 39,000 copies during its first week in release and has sold 122,000 to date. The H. Hector and J. Vasquez mixes of <mask>'s lead single, "Raindrops Will Fall," peaked at number five on Billboard's Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart; another set of remixes of the same song also hit number nine on that chart. <mask> later parted ways with 19 Entertainment but remains close with Fuller, who attended her wedding to Sam Watters in Capri, Italy. <mask> performed a duet with American Idol season one winner Kelly Clarkson on Clarkson's debut release Thankful. The song, entitled "You Thought Wrong," was co-written by <mask> but never released as a single.<mask> was a co-writer and back-up singer on Jessica Simpson's album A Public Affair, which was released August 29, 2006. She is listed fourth in writing credits on the songs "If You Were Mine" and "The Lover in Me", and sang back-up on "If You Were Mine" . The CD debuted on Billboard's 200 Chart at number five. <mask> also co-wrote the number one Billboard Hot 100 song "I Believe." <mask> was reported to be in the process of recording a new album. <mask> called it more

masks: Tamyra Gray GrayMX Tamyra Gray Gray Tamyra Gray Gray Gray Gray Gray Gray Gray


texts:
 club-friendly, hip-hop-based project than her debut. She is also in the process of finding a record label.<mask> tweeted that she was in the studio recording a new album with Ryan Tedder and the production team The Runaways which her husband Sam Watters is part of. They had planned to release her album through a major label in 2010. Acting career
She landed the recurring role of Aisha Clemens, a student in an abusive relationship, on Boston Public, appearing in seven episodes in 2003. She showcased her singing abilities, famously covering Luther Vandross' "Dance With My Father" and Dolly Parton's "I Will Always Love You". She has had guest roles on episodes of Half and Half, Las Vegas, Tru Calling, What I Like About You (TV series), Ghost Whisperer and All Of Us. With other American Idol alumni, she appeared on The Tyra Banks Show in 2006. She has starred on Broadway twice.In November 2004, <mask> was cast for a limited engagement of twelve weeks in the role of Priya in Broadway's struggling Bombay Dreams. Due to continued poor grosses, the show closed early on January 1, 2005. She joined the cast of Rent as Mimi Marquez on May 29, 2007, and was scheduled to play the role until November 25, 2007, however, that six-month contract was extended. <mask> performed in Rent until June 15, 2008, and was replaced by Renée Elise Goldsberry. In October 2005, <mask> made her big screen supporting role debut in the independent film The Gospel, which debuted at No. 5 at the box office, and also had strong DVD sales when it was released to stores on January 3, 2006. <mask> has one song, "Now Behold the Lamb", featured on the movie's soundtrack, which climbed to No.1 on Billboard's Soundtrack Chart. Her second movie role was in

masks: Tamyra Gray Gray Gray Gray


texts:
 the 2008 movie Rachel Getting Married. Also in 2005, <mask> appeared in a short film for H&M's new line of denim jeans, and performed the Dreamgirls show stopper "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going". <mask> was featured in print advertisements for the H&M denim and her version of the song played in H&M stores. In 2011, <mask> starred in the musical "Twist," a theatrical version of Oliver Twist set in New Orleans during the Depression, that was produced by Debbie Allen at the Pasadena Playhouse in Pasadena, California. The musical was originally scheduled to run from June 14 to July 17, but was extended through July 24 due to strong ticket sales and a string of sold-out shows. In January 2016, she took over the role of Kate on the national tour of If/Then.On January 8, 2018, she took over the role of Papa Ge in the 2018 revival of Once on This Island. Filmography

Film

Television

Theatre

Discography

Albums

Singles
 "Raindrops Will Fall (H. Hector & J. Vasquez Mixes)" Number 5 Hot Dance Music/Club Play
 "Raindrops Will Fall (Remixes)" Number 9 Hot Dance Music/Club Play
Other songs
 "You Thought Wrong" (with Kelly Clarkson)

References

External links

Official website (archived)

1979 births
21st-century American actresses
African-American women singer-songwriters
American Idol participants
American women pop singers
American contemporary R&B singers
Living people
Musicians from Atlanta
People from Takoma Park, Maryland
19 Recordings artists
People from Norcross, Georgia
Singer-songwriters from Maryland
21st-century American women singers
21st-century American singers
21st-century African-American women singers
20th-century African-American people
20th-century African-American women
Singer-songwriters from

masks: Gray Tamyra Gray


texts: <mask> (born March 11, 1958) is a West Papuan academic and political leader who has been in self-imposed exile in Australia after escaping from detention as a political prisoner  for ten years in Indonesian gaols. Rumbiak is the Foreign Affairs representative of the Federated Republic of West Papua declared at the conclusion of the Third Papuan People's Congress on 19 October 2011. Rumbiak's advice from within West Papua to not attend the Congress for security reasons was vindicated in the crack-down which led to six deaths, hundreds of arrests and the sentencing of five of the principal figures to three years gaol each for treason. <mask> was born in Yabon in the highland district of Ayamaru in Dutch New Guinea and was eight years old when the UN handed his country over to Indonesia in 1963. His parents are from Biak-Numfoor Island on the north coast. Both were primary school teachers, his father also a Protestant pastor. His mother died in 1982 when he was studying in West Java.In 1967 his family fled to the jungle from the Indonesian military which had overtaken West Papua. There they were protected by the Free Papua Organization (OPM). <mask> became involved with the OPM and at a young age became a commander of troops. He finally returned to the towns and was exiled with an education scholarship to Java in 1978. <mask> graduated from the Indonesia University of Education in Bandung (where he spent nine years), with a BA (1982 Maths) and Masters (1987 Geography). By 1987 <mask> was an academic at the Indonesian National Scientific Institute; the Physical Geography Research Institute for East Indonesia; and the Environment Resource Institute of Indonesia. In 1987 he was appointed to teach in Astronomy and Meteorology at Cenderawasih University in Jayapura.<mask> became increasingly politicised, and committed to a non-violent campaign of resistance based on universal concepts like ‘justice, peace and love’ he began educating student activists. Together with Dr Thomas Wainggai he established the West

masks:
Jacob Rumbiak
Rumbiak
Jacob
Rumbiak
Jacob
Jacob


texts: Melanesia Council. In 1988 Dr Wainggai and his wife were arrested, and the next year <mask> took refuge in the PNG Consulate in Jayapura. Despite the Indonesian assurances of his safety, when <mask> left the Consulate he was arrested, and in 1989 then sentenced to life imprisonment for subversion. Rumbiak was moved through eight military and four civilian prisons, including five years on death row at Kalisosok where he completed a degree in theology. He then spent two and a half years in isolation at the top of a stone tower in Tangerang Prison (West Java); <mask> attests that his survival was only by God’s grace. After intervention by the International Committee of the Red Cross, he was moved to Cipinang Penitentiary Institution, which he described in the foreword of Xanana Gusmão’s autobiography as a ‘first-class Indonesian jail’.As a student, lecturer, and later in prison, <mask> studied and experimented with ‘non-violence’ and ‘democracy’ on the streets of Jakarta and West Java, helping to inspire the generation of Indonesian students who brought down President Suharto in 1998. With other intellectuals and ex-political prisoners he developed the West Melanesia Council, an indigenous non-violent Melanesian based movement for self- determination and independence which became the philosophical and political foundations of the West Papua National Authority. In 1998, following the downfall of Suharto, he was released to ‘house arrest’ inside military barracks. The next year he managed to fly to East Timor as an accredited UN observer for the referendum, and escaped on a RAAF Hercules plane to Darwin. <mask> has lived in Australia since his escape in 1999, and has been an Australian citizen since 2006. He was a member of West Papua’s delegation to the Pacific Islands Forum in Fiji in 2002, in New Zealand in 2003, and Fiji in 2006. In 2003 he was a member of West Papua’s delegation to the European Union in Brussels.In 2004 he wrote a briefing paper for the British Government, and represented the West

masks: Jacob Jacob Jacob Jacob Jacob


texts:
 Papua National Authority at the Japanese Foreign Affairs Department in Tokyo. In 2005, he organized the West Papua National Authority delegation to the Melanesian Spearhead Group meeting in PNG, and in 2006 met the United Decolonization Committee in Fiji. In 2006 he attended the First Nation’s International Solidarity meeting in Canada, and in 2007 co-hosted the first Melanesian Cultural Festival in the Netherlands. Rumbiak has dedicated himself to achieving self-determination for the people of West Papua by peaceful means. On 19 Oct 2011 the Third Papuan People's Congress (Abepura, Jayapura) declared an independent Federal Republic of West Papua (FRWP), with Forkorus Yaboisembut appointed President and Edison Waromi appointed Prime Minister. Both were arrested and incarcerated with sentences of three years. <mask> has been appointed the Republic's Foreign Minister.On 23 June 2014 the Office of FRWP Dept Foreign Affairs, Immigration & Trade was opened in Docklands, Melbourne. In his opening speech Rumbiak stated that , according to State Administration theory, when a political society has established the five pre-requisites of a nation state, they are equal with other nation-states, and should be treated like one, and that West Papua has fulfilled those prerequisites, unlike America and Indonesia when they declared independence. With a view to a successful application  by West Papua to join the Melanesian Spearhead Group, at historic unity meetings in Vanuatu, on 6 Dec 2014 <mask> was elected as one of the five international representatives of the newly formed United Liberation Movement for West Papua, a unity body comprising the FRWP, the West Papua Coalition for Liberation and the West Papua National Parliament. On 14 July 2016 at a MSG Special Leader's Summit in Honiara, the ULMWP was admitted with Observer status, the decision on full membership being deferred for technical reasons. References

1955 births
Living people
Western New Guinea
People from West Papua (province)
Indonesian emigrants to

masks:
Jacob Rumbiak
Rumbiak


texts:
<mask> (born August 1, 1944) served as President of Brandeis University from 1994–2010. He is currently the Richard Koret Professor of Modern Jewish History and Director of the Tauber Institute for the Study of European Jewry at Brandeis. He is also the president and CEO of the Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel Foundation. On September 25, 2009, <mask> announced his retirement as President of Brandeis, but at the request of the Board of Trustees, he stayed on until a replacement could be hired. On January 1, 2011, <mask> became president of the Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel Foundation. Biography
<mask> was born in Haifa in the British Mandate of Palestine, now the State of Israel. For three years, he attended high school in Essen, Germany, and he moved with his family to the United States as a teenager in 1961.He completed his high school education in Newark, New Jersey. Reinharz earned concurrent bachelor's degrees: a Bachelor of Science (B.S) from Columbia University and a Bachelor of Religious Education (B.R.E) from the Jewish Theological Seminary of America. He earned his master's degree in medieval Jewish history from Harvard University in 1968 and his Ph.D. in modern Jewish history from Brandeis University in 1972. His wife, Shulamit <mask>, was the Jacob Potofsky Professor of Sociology at Brandeis University and founded and directed the Hadassah-Brandeis Institute and the Women's Studies Research Center. She retired from her professorship and directorship of the Institutes in 2017. They live in Brookline, Massachusetts. They have two adult daughters, Yael and Naomi.Academic career
In 1972, <mask> became the first professor of Jewish history at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, where he created the interdisciplinary program that formed the basis for the University's Frankel Center for Judaic Studies. He became a full professor at the University of Michigan in 1980. In 1982, he became the Richard Koret Professor of Modern

masks:
Jehuda Reinharz
Reinharz
Reinharz
Jehuda Reinharz
Reinharz
Reinharz


texts:
 Jewish History in the Department of Near Eastern and Judaic Studies at Brandeis University. Two years later, he was named Director of the Tauber Institute for the Study of European Jewry at Brandeis, and eight years later he founded the Jacob and Libby Goodman Institute for the Study of Zionism and Israel. From 1991 to 1994, Professor <mask> served as Provost and Senior Vice President for Academic Affairs. <mask> was announced as the University's 7th president on March 2, 1994, succeeding Samuel O. Thier. During <mask>'s 17-year tenure, the university enjoyed major physical changes including the construction of the Village Residence Hall, Abraham Shapiro Academic Complex, Carl and Ruth Shapiro Campus Center, Carl Shapiro Science Center, Carl Shapiro Admissions Center, Mandel Center for the Humanities, Mandel Center for Jewish Eduction, and many other major capital improvements.He raised $1.2 billion during his presidency and quadrupled the endowment, from $194 million to $772 million. <mask> announced his resignation as President of Brandeis University at midnight on September 25, 2009 after serving the Brandeis community for seventeen years. He stayed on as President until a successor was selected and ready to assume office. On January 1, 2011, <mask> was officially replaced by Frederick M. Lawrence, and on that date he became president of the Mandel Foundation. Upon stepping down, he made a $5 million personal gift to Brandeis for scholarships and fellowships. Awards and recognition
<mask> is the recipient of the President of Israel Prize, awarded by the Israeli Parliament (Knesset) in 1990. He was also elected Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1995 and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations in 1999.He twice received the National Endowment for the Humanities to enable him to pursue his research. He also received a Guggenheim Research Fellowship. In 1998, Reinharz was appointed by President Bill Clinton to

masks: Reinharz Reinharz Reinharz Reinharz Reinharz Reinharz


texts:
 serve on the Presidential Advisory Commission on Holocaust Assets in the United States. Reinharz is the recipient of honorary doctorates from Hebrew Union College, the Jewish Theological Seminary, Fairfield University, Ben Gurion University in Israel, Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel, Brandeis University and Hebrew College. In 2017, <mask> was elected chairman of the International Board of the Weizmann Institute in Israel and served until 2020. He still serves on its international Board. He also serves on many other Boards in the United States and Israel.Other awards

 1985 Present Tense/Joel H. Cavior Literary Award
 1985 Kenneth B. Smilen Literary Award
 1986 National Jewish Book Award
 1988 Shazar Prize in History (Israel). 1990 First recipient of the President of Israel Prize awarded by the Knesset (Israeli parliament). 1992 Fellow of the Royal Historical Society (England). 1993 Fellow of the American Academy for Jewish Research. 1995 Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 1996 National Jewish Book Award in the Biography category for Chaim Weizmann, The Making of a Zionist Leader
 1998 Spirit of Liberty Award presented by People for the American Way. 1999 Member of the Council on Foreign Relations.2021 Yad Ben Zvi Award for the third volume of the Weizmann biography, “Founding Father”, co-authored with Professor Motti Golani. Published works
<mask> is the author of more than one hundred articles and 31 books in various languages. His The Jew in the Modern World, edited with Paul Mendes-Flohr, appeared in three expanded editions and is one of the most widely adopted college texts in modern Jewish history. His two-volume biography of Chaim Weizmann, the first President of Israel, has won many prizes in Israel and the United States. The third and final volume of the biography was written with Motti Golani and appeared in Hebrew in 2021; a full-length biography in English will appear in 2023. Zionism and the

masks: Reinharz Reinharz


texts:
 Creation of a New Society, co-authored with the late Ben Halpern, was published in 1998. Glorious, Accursed Europe, co-authored with Yaacov Shavit, was published in 2010.His latest books are published in Hebrew, English, and German. In October 2005 he co-edited with Shulamit <mask> and Motti Golani letters and documents relating to the life and times of Manya Shochat, a remarkable pioneer of the Second Aliyah. His book Israel in the Middle East, co-edited with Itamar Rabinovich, was published in 2007; three books, Darwin and Some of His Kind (2009), The Scientific God (2011) and Window Unto the World (2017), were co-authored with Yaacov Shavit. In 2013 <mask> co-authored The Road to September 1939 with Yaacov Shavit (an English expanded version in 2018), as well as Die Sprache der Judenfeindschaft im 21.Jahrhundert, co-authored with Monika Schwarz-Friesel (2013). An English translation appeared in January 2017 and is titled Inside the Antisemitic Mind. The third volume of his biography of Chaim Weizmann (co-authored with Motti Golani) appeared in Hebrew in 2020; a full-length biography in English will appear in 2023. <mask> co-wrote with Yaacov Shavit a book on the history of the donkey in literature, arguing that the animal is often used as a substitute for people.In the course of writing this book, he has said: "There are smart donkeys, stupid donkeys, evil donkeys, etc., and no one has ever contemplated this on a large scale... It’s probably the most ambitious topic Professor Shavit and I have ever contemplated." The book, The Donkey: A Cultural History, was published in 2014 in Hebrew. References

External links
Brandeis University Bio

1944 births
Living people
People from Haifa
Presidents of Brandeis University
Brandeis University alumni
Brandeis University faculty
Columbia University School of General Studies alumni
Harvard University alumni
University of Michigan faculty
Israeli historians
Jewish historians
Israeli emigrants to

masks: Reinharz Reinharz Reinharz


texts: <mask> (née Murray), Countess of Kinghorne  (1579 – 27 February 1618), was a Scottish courtier said to be the mistress of James VI of Scotland. Fair Mistress <mask> was a daughter of John Murray, 1st Earl of Tullibardine, Master of the King's Household and Catherine Drummond, daughter of David, 2nd Lord Drummond. Her name was sometimes written "Agnes", in correspondence and in anonymous verses in her praise which include anagrams such as the acrostic sonnet "AMAGEMURNSAYAM", and a sonnet with the anagram "AGE MURNES AYE". Her sister Lilias Murray married John Grant of Freuchie in June 1591. James VI and John Wemyss of Logie attended the wedding at Tullibardine, and performed in a masque. On the same day the Earl of Bothwell escaped from Edinburgh Castle. A Dutch ambassador in 1594, Walraven III van Brederode, mentioned that she or her sister was a lady in waiting to <mask> of Denmark.One of her brothers was killed at battle of Glenlivet in 1594. <mask> was said to be the mistress of King James VI. This identification comes from two poems written by the king, given titles "A Dreame on his Mistres My Ladie Glammis" and "A Complaint on his Mistressis Absence from Court". Her husband's aristocratic title was "Lord Glamis". The "Complaint" poem compares her absence from court to a garland missing its flower, and a button or a jewel, a "chatton" missing its gemstone (lines 50-51);The court as garland lacks the cheefest floureThe court a chatton toome that lacks her stone(modernised)The court is a garland missing her chiefest flowerThe court is an empty button that lacks her gemstone. Her absence, perhaps due to the forthcoming marriage, will transform the court to Hades, a kind of hell; "Since by thy absence heaven in hell is changed: And we as Divells in

masks:
Anne Lyon
Anne Murray Anne Murray
Anne
Anne Murray


texts:
 Plutoes court are ranged" (lines 41-2). The "Dream" poem includes the imagery of gifts of an empty gold locket, a "tablet" and an amethyst.In the dream, the amethyst with its traditional healing powers will encourage the king's unswerving devotion. The locket is the "chasteness", the chastity of the king's mistress, and her wandering thoughts are like the trails of enamel on the case. On one leaf of the case there is a picture of a naked man sheltered from the sun in a green forest. This image represents the pleasure his mistress's singing voice brings the court. The other leaf shows the sun amidst the stars, as his mistress is the first among the ladies of the court. Inside the locket there is an image of cupid with his bow, but as yet, no picture of the king's mistress. By these two dream tokens the king imagines their love is knit together until cut by the fate "Atrope", Atropos.A letter from John Carey, son of Henry Carey, governor of Berwick-upon-Tweed to Cecil, 10 May 1595, discussing her marriage calls her "fayre Mistris Ann Murray the Kinges Mistris". Carey's letter shows that <mask> was known as the king's mistress in London, and perhaps the poem "A Dreame on his Mistres" had circulated in manuscript at the English court. Marriage
In May 1595, she married Patrick Lyon, 9th Lord Glamis who would later become the Earl of Kinghorne, at Stirling. In early modern Scotland married women did not usually adopt their husband's surnames. Lyon was the son of John Lyon, 8th Lord Glamis and Elizabeth Abernethy. The king and queen planned to come to the wedding banquet on 1 June, to be celebrated with "great triumph" at Stirling Castle, but <mask> of Denmark was ill again, rumoured to have suffered a miscarriage. Roger Aston wrote that the banquet was

masks:
Anne Murray
Anne


texts:
 to be held at the Countess of Mar's new house in Stirling, perhaps Mar's Wark, followed by celebrations at Gask, the house of the Laird of Tullibardine.John Carey thought the wedding was held at Linlithgow, and some sources following Carey's letter state the wedding took place in June at Linlithgow. <mask> of Denmark set out from Linlithgow to Stirling on 30 May for the banquet but fell ill after her horse was unruly. Neither James VI or <mask> of Denmark attended the wedding because <mask> was ill at Linlithgow. She was thought to be pregnant. James VI invited the Earl of Mar to join merry making at Gask in July 1595 and this was probably the "in-fare" feast for the wedding. Before the wedding, <mask> was said to be trying to make the wedding a peaceful occasion to bring together factions at court. The marriage was of political significance in Scotland, controversially arranged by the Earl of Mar, whose mother Annabell was a Tullibardine Murray, without the knowledge of Patrick's uncle, Thomas Lyon, Master of Glamis.The Master of Glamis wanted Patrick to marry a sister of the Laird of Cessford. Mar's actions were part of his feud with the Chancellor of Scotland, John Maitland of Thirlestane. John Colville wrote about the marriage of "Mestres Annas", "A mariage laitlie contracted heir betwix the young Lord Glammes and Tillibarn his dochter will walkin (waken) again the greif betwix .a (Mar) and .h (Master of Glamis), for .h (Glamis) is marveluislie displesed tharwith". Colville felt that whatever the facts were, the Master of Glamis thought that Mar had practiced to his prejudice. At Blair Castle a spade from Sri Lanka is said to have been a gift from Patrick Lyon to <mask> in 1594. James VI and the Seven Pearls of Lochleven
In 1593 James VI was

masks:
Anne
Anne
Anne
Anne Murray
Anne Murray


texts:
 linked with a member of the Lyon family, Euphemia Douglas, daughter of Sir William Douglas of Lochleven, Earl of Morton and Agnes Leslie. She married the Master of Glamis in 1586.She and her sisters were sometimes called the "Seven Pearls of Lochleven". She may then have been known as "Lady Glamis". Dr Tobias Matthew, Bishop of Durham wrote of the "king's affection to the Lady Morton's daughter", and that she might be connected with the Earl of Bothwell's schemes, and draw a person of "greater estate" into Elizabeth's devotion. In a second letter Matthew mentioned a mystery concerning the "king's love", Lady Morton's daughter and the contents of a letter intercepted by Bothwell concerning the succession to the English throne intended for a person of "great estate". Euphemia Douglas however, was not the king's mistress mentioned in Carey's letters, and  it also possible that Matthew's story concerned another of the seven Douglas of Lochleven sisters. Family
The children of <mask> and Patrick Lyon, 1st Earl of Kinghorne included:
 James Lyon (d. August 1641)
 Patrick Lyon
 Frederick Lyon (d. 1660)
 <mask> (d. 8 February 1637), who married William Hay, 10th Earl of Erroll. Jean Lyon (d. 2 February 1618)
 John Lyon, 2nd Earl of Kinghorne (13 August 1596 - 12 May 1646)

She died on 27 February 1618.References

Sources and external links
 The Peerage .com
 Allan Westcott, New Poems by James I of England (New York, 1911). J. Bain, Calendar of Border Papers, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1894). J. Bain, Calendar of Border Papers, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1894). 1579 births
1618 deaths
Mistresses of Scottish royalty
<mask>
Kinghorne
16th-century Scottish women
17th-century Scottish women
16th-century Scottish people
17th-century Scottish people
Daughters of Scottish

masks:
Anne Murray
Anne Lyon
Anne Murray


texts:
<mask> (March 25, 1931 – November 22, 2011) was an American jazz drummer, percussionist, and composer. <mask> played an important role in freeing jazz drummers from strict time-keeping duties. He first came to prominence in the late 1950s in the piano trio of Bill Evans, and later was a regular in pianist Keith Jarrett's band for about a decade (c. 1967–1976). <mask> began his career as a bandleader in the early 1970s. Perhaps his two most notable groups were a longstanding trio of guitarist Bill Frisell and saxophonist Joe Lovano, and the Electric Bebop Band where he worked mostly with younger musicians on interpretations of bebop standards. Biography
<mask> was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and raised in Providence, Rhode Island. He was of Armenian descent.After playing guitar in his childhood, <mask> began playing the drums at age 12, eventually touring New England in a swing band. During the Korean War he joined the Navy. <mask> became a professional musician in 1954, and briefly played with pianist Thelonious Monk. He became well known as the drummer in pianist Bill Evans's trio (1959–64), initially alongside bassist Scott LaFaro and later with Chuck Israels. Subsequently, he played with pianists <mask> (1963–64) and Keith Jarrett (1967–76). Other musicians with whom Motian performed and/or recorded in the early period of his career included Lennie Tristano, Warne Marsh, Lee Konitz, Joe Castro, Arlo Guthrie (Motian performed briefly with Guthrie in 1968–69, including at Woodstock), Carla Bley, Charlie Haden, and Don Cherry. Motian subsequently worked with musicians such as Marilyn Crispell, Bill Frisell, Leni Stern, Joe Lovano, Gonzalo Rubalcaba, Alan Pasqua, Bill McHenry, Stéphan Oliva, Frank Kimbrough, Eric Watson and many more.Later

masks:
Stephen Paul Motian
Motian
Motian
Motian
Motian
Motian
Paul Bley


texts: in his career, <mask> became an important composer and group leader, recording initially for ECM Records in the 1970s and early 1980s and then for Soul Note, JMT, and Winter & Winter before returning to ECM in 2005. From the early 1980s he led a trio featuring guitarist Bill Frisell and saxophonist Joe Lovano, occasionally joined by bassists Ed Schuller, Charlie Haden, or Marc Johnson, and other musicians, including Jim Pepper, Lee Konitz, Dewey Redman and Geri Allen. In addition to playing <mask>'s compositions, the group recorded tributes to Thelonious Monk and Bill Evans, and a series of <mask> on Broadway albums, featuring original interpretations of jazz standards. Despite his important associations with pianists, <mask>'s work as a leader since the 1970s rarely included a pianist in his ensembles and relied heavily on guitarists. <mask>'s first instrument was the guitar, and he apparently retained an affinity for the instrument: in addition to his groups with Frisell, his first two solo albums on ECM featured Sam Brown, and his Electric Bebop Band featured two and occasionally three electric guitars. The group was founded in the early 1990s, and featured a variety of young guitar and saxophone players, in addition to electric bass and <mask>'s drums, including saxophonists Joshua Redman, Chris Potter, Chris Cheek, and Tony Malaby, and guitarists Kurt Rosenwinkel, Brad Shepik, Wolfgang Muthspiel, Steve Cardenas, Ben Monder, and Jakob Bro. In 2011 Motian featured on a number of new recordings, including Live at Birdland (with Lee Konitz, Brad Mehldau and Charlie Haden), Samuel Blaser's Consort in Motion, No Comment by Augusto Pirodda, and Further Explorations with Chick Corea and Eddie Gómez.Bill McHenry's Ghosts of the Sun was released - by

masks:
Motian
Motian
Paul Motian
Motian
Motian
Motian


texts:
 coincidence - on the day of <mask>'s death. <mask>'s final album as bandleader was The Windmills of Your Mind, featuring Bill Frisell, Thomas Morgan and Petra Haden. <mask> died on November 22, 2011, at New York's Mount Sinai Hospital of complications from myelodysplastic syndrome. Box set releases
CAM Jazz released a box set titled <mask> in September 2010. This release compiles a number of albums which were originally issued by the Soul Note label: The Story of Maryam, Jack of Clubs, Misterioso, Notes (with <mask>), One Time Out (with Bill Frisell and Joe Lovano) and Flux and Change (duet with Enrico Pieranunzi). In November 2012, Winter & Winter released <mask> on Broadway Vol. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 which collects the five volumes of On Broadway into a single set.ECM Records released a box set titled <mask> in April 2013, as part of the label's continuing Old & New Masters Edition series. This set compiles the six albums that <mask> recorded for ECM between 1972 and 1984; Conception Vessel, Tribute, Dance, Le Voyage, Psalm and It Should've Happened a Long Time Ago. Posthumous releases
The first posthumous release to feature <mask> was Sunrise by the Masabumi Kikuchi Trio (with Thomas Morgan), released in March 2012 by ECM. This was followed in July 2012 by Owls Talk by Alexandra Grimal (also featuring Lee Konitz and Gary Peacock), released by Harmonia Mundi. Two live recordings, led by pianist Enrico Pieranunzi, have been released by CAM Jazz; New York Reflections: Live at Birdland (with Steve Swallow) was released in October 2012 (exclusively in vinyl format), while Live at the Village Vanguard (with Marc Johnson) was issued in March 2013. CAM Jazz reissued One Time Out in March 2013, in 180g vinyl format. A compact disc edition is supplied with

masks:
Motian
Motian
Motian
Paul Motian
Paul Bley
Paul Motian
Paul Motian
Motian
Motian


texts:
 it.One Time Out was also issued on CD as part of the CAM Jazz Paul Motian boxset. Motian compositions recorded by others and tributes
Motian Sickness – The Music of <mask> (for the Love of Sarah) was released in September 2011, featuring Jeff Cosgrove, John Hebert, Mat Maneri and Jamie Masefield. November 2011 saw the release of Joel Harrison's String Choir: The Music of <mask>. Harrison arranged <mask>'s music for a string quartet (featuring Christian Howes, Sam Bardfeld, Mat Maneri, and Dana Leong), plus two guitars (Liberty Ellman and Harrison). Russ Lossing's Drum Music: Music of <mask> (Solo Piano) was released in July 2012 by Sunnyside Records. Lossing originally recorded the album to celebrate <mask>'s 80th birthday; he published a video on YouTube about the recording. Ravi Coltrane included the <mask> composition Fantasm on his 2012 album Spirit Fiction.The performance features Joe Lovano. In 2016, Jean-Marc Padovani released Motian in Motion via Naïve Jazz. In 2018, the Carl Michel Group released Music in Motian via Play On Records. In 2020, Haşmet Asilkan arranged the songs of Motian for solo guitar and released them under the title Paul Motian Songbook

Discography

References

External links
<mask> on ECM Records
"The Paradox of Continuity" by Ethan Iverson
"Paul Motian Archive"
"<mask>tian interview & discography" by Chuck Braman

1931 births
2011 deaths
Deaths from myelodysplastic syndrome
American jazz drummers
American musicians of Armenian descent
Avant-garde jazz musicians
Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
ECM Records artists
Musicians from Philadelphia
Jazz musicians from Pennsylvania
Improvising Artists Records artists
JMT Records artists
Black Saint/Soul Note artists
Winter & Winter Records artists
Pirouet Records

masks:
Paul Motian
Paul Motian
Motian
Paul Motian
Motian
Motian
Paul Motian
Paul Mo


texts:
<mask>,  (born February 23, 1980) is a Canadian filmmaker, politician and social activist. In 2012, he was among the first 60 Canadians to receive the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal at the inaugural presentation ceremony at Rideau Hall to honour significant contributions and achievements to the country. Nguyen is the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario's candidate for the district of Humber River—Black Creek in the 2022 Ontario general election. Life and career
<mask> was born in Toronto, Ontario to Vietnamese parents who fled to Canada after the fall of Saigon during The Vietnam War. After graduating from C.W. Jefferys Collegiate Institute, he attended York University and earned his Bachelor of Arts in film in 2004. Nguyen grew up in the Jane and Finch neighbourhood.In 2004, Nguyen created Jane-Finch.com to address the constant negative media coverage about his community. Jane-Finch.com
Nguyen launched Jane-Finch.com on March 13, 2004, in response to negative stereotypes about the Jane and Finch community. The website gives an unprecedented look at the neighbourhood and features a multimedia library of information. In late 2005, a community news section was added to allow reporters to document local events not covered by the mainstream media. The website produces music videos, public service announcements, and broadcasts local political debates and town halls. In addition to the production of original content, the website also publishes submissions from residents. Reception
The website has received widespread critical acclaim and national media attention.In 2005, the website was featured on the Global Television Network evening newscast, Global National. In late 2005, CBC Radio host Shelagh Rogers featured the website for a special

masks:
Paul Nguyen
Nguyen


texts:
 edition of Sounds Like Canada. In 2008, the website was selected by Now Magazine among "9 things we love about Jane-Finch". The website won back-to-back Canadian Ethnic Media Association Awards in 2010 and 2011 for its ongoing community news coverage and the 2011 Heritage Toronto Award of Excellence in the media category. Media career
<mask> is a frequent media commentator on social issues affecting the Jane and Finch community. Advocacy

Nguyen has used his media footing to offer his opinion or act as an advocate for various issues. February 3, 2005, Nguyen appeared on Global National to talk about his viral music video You Got Beef?and Jane-Finch.com. August 4, 2005, Nguyen appeared on G4 Tech TV's Gadgets and Gizmos detailing his community work in the Jane and Finch area. October 18, 2005, CBC Radio Metro Morning host Andy Barrie introduced Nguyen's uncensored op-ed "The Real Toronto". December 2, 2005, Nguyen took CBC host Shelagh Rogers on a tour of Jane and Finch for an episode of Sounds Like Canada. January 14, 2006, Nguyen appeared on CBC's Canada Now to discuss solutions to gun violence. May 24, 2007, Nguyen and Mark Simms appeared on CTV's The Verdict with <mask> to discuss the Jordan Manners shooting. Summer 2007, Nguyen discussed the CBC Television documentary Lost in the Struggle in the Ryerson Review of Journalism.May 12, 2008, Nguyen talked about the growth of Jane-Finch.com in The Toronto Sun. June 18, 2009, Nguyen appeared on Goldhawk Live with Dwight Drummond and Anthony Perruzza to discuss the future of Jane and Finch. January 8, 2009, Nguyen spoke out in The Toronto Star against the rebranding of Jane and Finch to University Heights. January 8, 2010, Nguyen appeared on CBC's Metro Morning to give his opinion on Toronto's unsolved

masks:
Nguyen
Paula Todd


texts:
 murder rate. July 5, 2010, Nguyen was interviewed on Radio Canada International's The Link with Marc Montgomery about winning the <mask>zyk Award. October 6, 2010, Nguyen asked then-mayoral candidate Rob Ford how he would help solve the problems in the Jane-Finch area on CBC Radio's Metro Morning. December 13, 2010, The Honourable Judy Sgro, PC, MP praised Nguyen's community work in the House of Commons of Canada.June 4, 2012, Nguyen appeared on the CTV News Channel program, National Affairs, to discuss reaction to the Toronto Eaton Centre shooting. June 29, 2012, Nguyen appeared on Voice of America about being the first Vietnamese-Canadian to receive the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal. Broadcast

Nguyen has produced several documentaries featuring Toronto's Jane and Finch neighborhood. In 2006, Nguyen served as an associate producer on the Gemini Award-nominated CBC documentary Lost in the Struggle. Nguyen and Mark Simms spent 10 months following the lives of three troubled youth from the Jane and Finch neighborhood. The story was updated 6 years later in Lost in the Struggle: The Next Chapter, which aired on CBC on October 26, 2012. Lost in the Struggle: The Next Chapter (associate producer) (CBC Television, the fifth estate, 2012)
 Revealed: Missing the Target (associate producer) (Canwest Global/90th Parallel Prod., 2010)
 Goldhawk Live: What's in the future for Jane and Finch?(community associate producer) (Rogers TV, 2009)
  Ian Jones: Activist and Artist, How the Steelpan is Changing Lives (director) (Bravo!/Leda Serene Films, 2007)
 Give A 'Hood A Bad Name... (producer) (CBC Radio One, "Outfront" 2007)
 Lost in the Struggle (associate producer) (CBC Television, the fifth estate'', 2006)
 Racism: Wash it Away (director) (Racism. Stop


texts:
 It! National Video Competition/MuchMusic, 1999)

Awards

 2018: Nguyen was awarded a Canada's Volunteer Award from Minister of Families, Children and Social Development Jean-Yves Duclos for creating unique opportunities for the at-risk youth. 2018: Nguyen received the Canadian Ethnic Media Association (CEMA) Award for best podcast. 2017: Nguyen was awarded the Sovereign's Medal for Volunteers from Toronto Mayor John Tory for his efforts to eliminate racial discrimination through Jane-Finch.com. 2017: Nguyen was awarded the June Callwood Award from Minister of Citizenship and Immigration Laura Albanese. 2015: Nguyen was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal from Governor General David Johnston for his website in allowing area resident's voices to be heard.2012: Nguyen received the National Ethnic Press and Media Council of Canada Award from the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario, David C. Onley, at the Ontario Legislative Building. 2012: Nguyen received the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal from the Governor General of Canada, His Excellency the Right Honourable David Johnston and Prime Minister of Canada, The Right Honourable Stephen Harper, for fighting stereotypes and acting as role model and mentor for at risk youth. 2011: Nguyen received the Heritage Toronto Award of Excellence for preserving the living cultural history of the Jane-Finch neighbourhood. The 37th annual awards ceremony was held at Koerner Hall, the Royal Conservatory of Music. 2011: Nguyen received the Newcomer Champion Award from The Honourable Dr. Eric Hoskins, Minister of Citizenship and Immigration. He was recognized as a community leader in the Jane and Finch area who promotes civic engagement with at-risk youth. 2011: Nguyen received the Bobbie Resnick Philanthropy Award