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<mask> (born 5 March 1985) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Championship club Queens Park Rangers and the Scotland national team. <mask> started his career at Celtic, where he came through the youth system and starred in a European victory against Barcelona. After losing his place at Celtic to Artur Boruc, <mask> moved to Norwich City (initially on loan) in 2007. He moved to Cardiff City in 2009, and helped them win promotion to the Premier League in 2013. <mask> stayed with Cardiff until 2016, when he was transferred to Hull City for £5 million. After three seasons with Hull he signed for Wigan Athletic. <mask> made his full international debut for Scotland in 2004.He has since won over 40 caps, despite having had to compete with Craig Gordon and Allan McGregor for the goalkeeping position in the national team for much of his career. <mask> played a key role in Scotland's qualification for UEFA Euro 2020, as he made decisive saves in penalty shootouts against Israel and Serbia. Club career

<mask> was born in Glasgow and raised in Riddrie in the east end of the city, where he attended St Andrew's Secondary School. A supporter of Celtic in childhood and a product of their youth academy, he made his first team debut for the club in February 2003 as a substitute for Javier Sánchez Broto in the Scottish Cup against St Johnstone at Celtic Park, and was an unused substitute in the 2003 Scottish League Cup Final a month later. Although first team opportunities were limited, he excelled in Celtic's reserve team under the management of then coach, Kenny McDowall. <mask> was thrust into the limelight soon after these impressive displays for Celtic reserves in March 2004 in a fourth round UEFA Cup tie against Spanish giants FC Barcelona. In the first leg at Celtic Park, starting goalkeeper Rab Douglas was sent off at half-time, and 19-year-old <mask> came on in his place as Celtic won 1–0.With Douglas suspended <mask> played from the start at the Camp Nou in the second leg two weeks later and put in an excellent performance, to secure a goalless draw that put Celtic into the next

masks:
David James Marshall
Marshall
Marshall
Marshall
Marshall
Marshall
Celtic Marshall
Marshall
Marshall
Marshall


type: original

texts:
 round 1–0 on aggregate. He went on to save a penalty from Barcelona player Ronaldinho during a Champions League match in the following season. His Celtic career took a downward turn under the management of Gordon Strachan. In the first two games under Strachan he conceded nine goals: five to Artmedia Petržalka and four to Motherwell. With the signing of Artur Boruc, <mask> was consigned to the bench and remained there for the following 18 months before being sent on loan to Norwich City. In July 2007, Celtic agreed to transfer <mask> to Norwich permanently for an undisclosed fee. Norwich City
<mask> signed on loan for Norwich in January 2007.He made his Norwich debut was against Blackpool, but was sidelined for the remainder of the 2006–07 season due to an injury sustained in a FA Cup fourth round tie with Chelsea in February after falling awkwardly on his ankle, and returned to Celtic. On 4 July 2007, <mask> signed a three-year contract with Norwich. <mask> impressed in his pre-season appearances for the club, performing well against Vitesse Arnhem and West Ham United in particular. Before Norwich's last home game of the 2007–08 season against Queens Park Rangers at Carrow Road, <mask> came third in the voting for Norwich City player of the year after a string of impressive displays. He was the only member of the squad to have played every minute of every game in the season. Cardiff City

On 12 May 2009, following Norwich's relegation, <mask> signed for Championship side Cardiff City in a deal worth up to £500,000. He was chosen as the first choice goalkeeper over Finland international Peter Enckelman by manager Dave Jones, making his debut on the opening day of the season in a 4–0 win over Scunthorpe United before conceding his first goal in a 1–1 draw with Blackpool in the following match.<mask> let in three goals in his first South Wales Derby where City went on to lose 3–2 to Swansea City at the Liberty Stadium. <mask> suffered an injury in a 2–1 loss against Ipswich Town, resulting in Peter Enckelman coming on for the last 45 minutes and two goals being scored. Marhsall did recover in time for the

masks: Marshall Marshall Marshall Marshall Marshall Marshall Marshall Marshall Marshall


texts: next game, were Cardiff beat Preston North End 1–0. After his quick return <mask> kept three consecutive clean sheets the other two coming against West Bromwich Albion and Middlesbrough and also making 150th league appearance against Middlesbrough. <mask> retained his first team place for the first two months of the following season, before being dropped for second choice keeper, Tom Heaton after a 2–0 defeat to Ipswich Town. <mask> didn't see first team football until the beginning of December in a 1–1 draw with Preston North End but only managed to start the next four games before being injured. But he managed to make his final appearance of the 2010–11 season in a FA Cup game against Stoke City before receiving an elbow injury which ended his season, after it was confirmed he needed elbow surgery.<mask> returned the following pre-season as first-choice goalkeeper, starting all the warm-up games under new manager and fellow Scotsman, Malky Mackay. He made his full return in the opening game against West Ham United, which Cardiff won 1–0. He made his 100th appearance for the club during the season in a goalless draw with Burnley. Cardiff finished in the play-off a third successive season but lost 5–0 to West Ham United in the semi-finals. At the end of the season, <mask> was out of contract but on 23 May, he signed a new three-year deal keeping him in Cardiff till 2015. <mask> made his one hundredth league appearance for Cardiff City on 17 August 2012, the opening day of the 2012–13 season against Huddersfield Town, a game in which he also won man of the match. With manager Malky Mackay describing <mask> as the best goalkeeper in the Football League, the shot-stopper kept eighteen clean sheets in the 2012–13 season, more than any other Championship goalkeeper, and was a strong contender for City's Player of The Season Award as the Welsh club achieved promotion to the Premier League.During Cardiff's one-year stint in the top division, <mask> earned a number of plaudits following some impressive performances. His performances earned him a new four-year contract, keeping him at Cardiff until 2018. He was

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 named in the Sky Sports Premier League team of the year by Gary Neville and Jamie Carragher and was awarded the club's Player of the Year award. In July 2014 manager Ole Gunnar Solskjær claimed that <mask> had been the best keeper in the Premier League of the 2013–14 season. Following the sale of club captain, Mark Hudson, in September 2014, <mask> was given club captaincy. In the final game of the 2014–15 season against Nottingham Forest, <mask> was sent off for violent conduct, meaning he would miss the first three games of the following season. Cardiff manager Russell Slade admitted he was unsure whether <mask> would retain the captaincy for the season, if Cardiff got off to a good start.<mask> was subject to a £4.5 million from West Bromwich Albion, which was rebuffed by Cardiff and the club stated the player was not for sale. He received another red card after lashing out at Rotherham United's Matt Derbyshire after he was pulled by the striker, which left Cardiff a goal down, following Vadis Odjidja-Ofoe's penalty. During the January transfer window, Cardiff placed a £10 million valuation on <mask> following attention from Premier League clubs. Despite pushing for the play-offs for the majority of the season, Cardiff missed out after losing at Sheffield Wednesday. Hull City
In August 2016, Cardiff accepted a bid for <mask> worth up to £5 million, including add-ons, from newly promoted Premier League side Hull City. On 30 August, <mask> completed a move to the Tigers for an undisclosed fee. He made his debut on 21 September 2016 in the League Cup in a 2–1 away win against Stoke City.Hull were relegated to the Championship at the end of the 2016–17 season. <mask> left Hull in June 2019, at the end of his contract. Wigan Athletic
<mask> signed a two-year contract with Wigan Athletic in July 2019. He made 38 appearances in his debut season and kept 15 clean sheets, including a fine run of seven in a row either side of the break in the season due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Derby County
On 21 August 2020, he joined Derby County. After Wayne Rooney became manager, <mask> was named captain. Early in the

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 2021–22 season, Rooney demoted <mask> to third-choice."At the minute, Ryan and Kelle are the two who will be involved," said Rooney. "The goalkeeping position is a difficult one, only one can play, so you have to make decisions on that. Marshy will have to be ready in case anything happens and when he gets the chance, take it." Queens Park Rangers
On 11 January 2022, <mask> joined Queens Park Rangers on a deal until the end of the season. International career
After his standout performance for Celtic against Barcelona in the 2003–04 UEFA Cup, <mask> was selected by Scotland national football team. He made his full international debut on 18 August 2004 in a friendly against Hungary. Some observers expected <mask> to establish himself as the first choice goalkeeper for Scotland, but Craig Gordon and then Allan McGregor were picked more regularly instead.Unusually, his first appearance for the under-21 team came after his first appearance at full level. He played four times for the under-21s between 2005 and 2006, and he was selected for a Scotland B match at the end of the 2008–09 season. <mask> stated in May 2009 that he aimed to reignite his career for the national team. With first choice keeper Craig Gordon injured, he went on to play in two of Scotland's following three matches, a 4–0 defeat to Norway and a 1–0 defeat to Netherlands. <mask> performed creditably against the Dutch, but Scotland had lost in all of his five appearances to date, conceding 15 goals in total. An injury to McGregor, and Gordon being without a club, appeared to have offered an opportunity for <mask> early in the 2012–13 season, but Matt Gilks played instead. <mask> was part of a winning Scottish side on his eighth cap against Macedonia with Scotland winning 2–1, However, he was injured during the game and was replaced by Gilks at half time.<mask> won his tenth cap on 19 November 2013 in a friendly away against Norway, keeping a clean sheet and producing several good saves in a 1–0 win for Scotland. <mask> was first choice during UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying, but was dropped after a 3–0 defeat to Slovakia in October 2016. Steve

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 Clarke recalled him in June 2019, when he played in the Euro 2020 qualifiers against Cyprus and Belgium. <mask> saved an effort from Eran Zahavi during a penalty shootout against Israel in October 2020, which helped Scotland progress in the Euro 2020 qualifying play-offs. He then saved the decisive penalty in another shootout in the playoff final against Serbia, which qualified Scotland for their first major tournament in 22 years. His appearance in those matches also set a record for the longest-spanning international career for a Scottish player (16 years 2 months and 26 days), exceeding a record set by 19th-century goalkeeper Ned Doig (Jim Leighton's time ended within two months of Doig's mark); however, <mask> was overtaken by Craig Gordon in the next fixture, with both players remaining active and potentially able to extend their career span further. <mask> played in all of Scotland's three matches at the Euro 2020 finals.His positioning for a long-range goal by Czech Republic forward Patrik Schick, which was later voted goal of the tournament, was criticised by some observers. Following the loss of his first-team place at Derby County, <mask> was dropped from the Scotland squad for World Cup qualifiers in September 2021. Career statistics

Club

International

Honours
Celtic
Scottish Premier League: 2003–04
Scottish Cup: 2003–04, 2004–05
Scottish League Cup: 2005–06

Cardiff City
Football League Championship: 2012–13

Individual
Cardiff City Player of the Year: 2013–14

References

External links

 Career information at ex-canaries.co.uk
 <mask>, London Hearts

1985 births
Living people
Footballers from Glasgow
Scottish footballers
Scotland youth international footballers
Scotland under-21 international footballers
Scotland B international footballers
Scotland international footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Celtic F.C. players
Norwich City F.C. players
Cardiff City F.C. players
Hull City A.F.C. players
Wigan Athletic F.C.players
Derby County F.C. players
Queens Park Rangers F.C. players
Scottish Premier League players
English Football League players
Premier League players
UEFA Euro

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David Marshall


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Sir <mask> (1470–1533) of Dyrham, Gloucestershire, was a courtier of King Henry VIII and High Sheriff of Gloucestershire in 1518 and 1526. Origins
He was the eldest son and heir of Sir <mask> (d. 1505) of Siston in Gloucestershire, by his 2nd wife Agnes Danvers, 2nd daughter & co-heiress of Sir Robert Danvers (died 1467) of Epwell, Oxfordshire, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas (1450–1467). The Inquisition post mortem of his father Sir Walter, dated 1505, states <mask> his son and heir to have then been "aged 35 years and more", which suggests a date of birth of 1470. First marriage

In about 1481 <mask>'s father arranged for him to marry Edith Twynyho, daughter of the wealthy Cirencester lawyer and cloth-merchant John Twynyho (1440–1485), whose monumental brass survives over his tomb in the south aisle of Lechlade Church, Glos. Twynyho served as MP for Bristol in 1472–1475 and again in 1484 and had been Attorney General to Lord Edward, 1st son of King Edward IV in 1478. Twynyho had gone into partnership with John Tame (died 1500), the builder of Fairford Church, Glos., and a favourite of King Henry VII, and the pair had expanded their sheep, wool and cloth business in a bold fashion by acquiring large amounts of sheep rearing land, including Fairford in 1479. Indeed Twynyho's daughter Alice (died 1471) was given by her father as wife to John Tame, and the monumental brass of the couple can be seen on top of their chest tomb, known as "the

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William Denys
Walter Denys
William
William


texts: Founder's Tomb", at Fairford Church.Twynyho's relative Ankaret (née Hawkeston) had been a servant of Isabel Neville, Duchess of Clarence (died 1476), daughter and co-heiress of Richard Nevill Earl of Warwick (died 1471), whose death in childbirth had been blamed, by her husband George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence (executed 1478), on a poisoning by Ankaret. Clarence was determined to have Ankaret executed, against the wishes of the Queen, who believed her to be an elderly and harmless widow blamed unjustly. Clarence rapidly gave orders for her arrest, which was performed at Keyford, Somerset, the family home, on 12/4/1477 by Richard Hyde and Roger Strugge and 80 "riotous persons", whence she was taken to Bath, thence to Cirencester thence to Warwick, where she was tried before JP's at the guildhall and found guilty by a jury. She was hanged at Mytton, Warks., on 15 April 1477, which action is considered by modern historians as a notorious judicial murder. Clarence himself was executed in the Tower of London the following year, 18 Feb. 1478, and two days later on 20 Feb. 1478 Ankaret's grandson Roger Twynyho obtained the king's annulment of Ankaret's conviction. It appears the Denys/Twynyho relationship may have started in 1481 on the sale or other transfer by Sir <mask> of the manors, or an interest therein, of North Cheriton and South Cheriton, Somerset, to the Twynyho/Tame wool-merchant partnership, which manors had been inherited from


texts:
 Sir Walter's grandmother Margaret Russell, daughter of Sir Maurice Russell (died 1416) of Dyrham. The following entry in the Somerset Feet of Fines records the transaction:

At Westminster in the quinzaine of St. Hillary between Cristofor Twynyho cleric, John Twynyho of Cirencestre esquire, <mask> Twynyho of Shipton Solers esquire, John Tame of Fayreford esquire, Edmund Langeley of Sudyngton Langeley esquire, Thomas Delalynde of Clencheston esquire, John Walshe of Olveston esquire, <mask> Lovell of Raffeston esquire, and Thomas Warner of Cirencestre esquire querents; and Walter Denys esquire and Agnes his wife deforciants; for the manor of Northcheryton and the advowson of the free chapel of South-cheryton (and lands in Glouc.and Dors.). Walter and Agnes acknowledged the right of John Twynyho as by their gift and quit claimed for the heirs of Agnes, and they warranted against Richard abbot of the monastery of St Mary Cirencestre and his successors ; for this John Twynyho gave them six hundred pounds sterling. Christopher Twynyho was steward of Shaftesbury Abbey, Dorset, of which his sister Margery was Abbess (1496–1505). Shaftesbury was the second wealthiest Abbey in the land, behind only Glastonbury Abbey. The will of John Twynyho (died 1485) bequeaths to this "Dame Margery, my niece, nun of Shaftesbury" a silver & gilt goblet "which had been presented to him by George, Duke of Clarence". This familiarity with the Duke suggests that John was

masks: William William


texts: the son or grandson of Ankarette. <mask> (died 1497) of Shipton Solers, Glos., was the 2nd son of <mask> of Keyford and served as MP for Weymouth 1472–1475 had acquired that manor in right of his wife Catherine Solers (died 1494), daughter of John Solers.The manor descended to his son Walter Twynyho. Edmund Langley of Siddington, Gloucestershire, about 1 mile south of Cirencester was the husband of Lady Elizabeth Beynham (died 1527/8), widow of Sir Alexander Beynham of Mitcheldean, Forest of Dean, son of Sir Thomas Baynham and Alice Walwyn. Alice Walwyn, as widow of Sir Thomas, was the 4th and last wife of Sir <mask> (died 1505). Edmund Langley's will was dated 1490. Thomas Delalynde of Winterborne Clenston, Dorset, was married to Edith Twynyho, daughter of <mask> (died 1472) of Keyford, Somerset, by Ankaret. He was living at Warwick, presumably as part of the retinue of Isabel, Duchess of Clarence, and the couple were summarily ordered to leave Warwick by order of the Duke of Clarence during the trial of Ankaret, as the petition to the king made by Roger, Ankaret's grandson, reveals. John Walshe (died c. 1492) of Olveston, and Little Sodbury Glos., appears to have acquired Olveston in 1472 from Sir <mask>, father of <mask>, who is buried in the middle of the choir of Olveston Church, as the Denys monumental brass there states.In 1490 Walshe was appointed King's Receiver of the estates of <mask>, Marquess Berkeley, uncle of Anne Berkeley, Sir

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William Twynyho
William Twynyho
Walter Denys
William Twynyho
Walter Denys
William
William


texts:
 <mask>'s 2nd. wife, when he alienated his estates to King Henry VII. His son John II Walshe was King's Champion at the coronation of Henry VIII, and was a great favourite of the young king's. John I Walshe's daughter Catherine married George Huntley (died 1580) of Frocester, MP for Cricklade, eldest son of John Huntley of Standish by Alice Langley, daughter of Edmund Langley of Siddington. George Huntley's brother John married Jane Carne, daughter of Sir Edward Carne (died 1561), husband of <mask>, daughter of Sir <mask>. Marriage settlement
The marriage settlement appears to have concerned the Denys manors of Aust, Gloucestershire, of which they held a moiety, and Litton Cheyney in Dorset. Litton Cheyne
The Inquisition post mortem of <mask>'s father Sir <mask>, dated 18 October 1505, relating to his lands in Dorset, states as follows:

"He was formerly seized in fee of the under-mentioned moiety of the manor of Lutton, with the advowson, and by charter dated the eve of St. Thomas the Apostle, 21 Edward IV (i.e.1481), gave it to Master Christopher Twynyho, clerk, John Twynyho, <mask>, John Walsshe, Thomas de la Lynde, <mask> and Thomas Warner, esquires, to hold to them and their heirs to the use of <mask>, then his son and heir apparent, and of Edith, <mask>'s wife, and of the heirs of their bodies, and in default of such issue to the use of the said <mask> and his heirs; by pretext whereof the said Christopher and his co-feoffees were seized

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William Denys
Anne Denys
William Denys
William
Walter Denys
William Twynyho
William Lovell
William Denys
William
William Denys


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 thereof to the use aforesaid in the form aforesaid". The feoffees to this arrangement are the same as those who acted in the previously quoted transfer at about the same time of Cherington by Sir <mask>. Aust
The marriage settlement appears to have concerned the Denys manor of Aust, Glos., as recorded in a charter dated 21 Edward IV (1481), incompletely quoted and preserved in the Gloucestershire Inquisition post mortem of Sir <mask>, dated 14 September 1505 :

He was seized of a moiety of the manor of Awste or Aust, and by charter dated... 21 Edward IV, ...enfeoffed thereof...Twynyho, <mask>, John Thame, Edmund Langley...to hold to the use of <mask>, then his son and heir apparent, and of Edith, <mask>'s wife, and of the heirs of their bodies, and in default of such issue to the use of the said <mask> and his heirs; by pretext whereof the said Christopher Twynyho and his co-feoffees were seized thereof in form aforesaid. A daughter named Anne was born from the marriage with Edith Twynyho, who died sine prole. Career

Esquire of the Body
It may have been due to the position of <mask>'s half-uncle Hugh Denys (died 1511), Groom of the Stool to King Henry VII (died 1509), that he was appointed at some date before 5 June 1511 an Esquire for the Body to the new young King Henry VIII. Hugh had occupied the closest position to the king of all the courtiers, and was highly trusted by the old king. The new King, Henry's son, had not continued Hugh

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Walter Denys
Walter Denys
William Twynyho
William Denys
William
William Denys
William


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 Denys in his post of Groom of the Stool, which was one of considerable personal intimacy, having appointed his own favourite Sir William Compton (died 1528), but perhaps out of respect, and indeed affection, for his father's loyal old servant had kept him on as a standard Esquire of the Body for the first 2 years of his reign until Hugh's death in 1511.It was perhaps as a replacement for old Hugh that the king appointed his half-nephew <mask> in his place. Awarded licence to empark

At about the time of <mask>'s appointment as an Esquire of the Body the King granted him the honour of the licence to empark 500 acres of Dyrham, which is to say to enclose the land with a wall or hedgebank and to establish a captive herd of deer within, with exclusive hunting rights. This grant is witnessed by a charter on parchment, to which is affixed a rare example of a perfect great seal of Henry VIII, now hanging in a frame at Dyrham Park. It clearly was handed down with the deeds of the manor on the termination of the Denys era at Dyrham in 1571. The charter is of exceptional interest as it is witnessed by men of the greatest importance in the state, who were at the King's side at that moment, at the Palace of Westminster. The text of the document, translated from Latin is as follows:
"Henry by the grace of God King of England and France and Lord of Ireland sends greetings to his archbishops, bishops, abbotts, priors, dukes, marquises, earls, barons,

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William


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 judges, sheriffs, reeves, ministers and all our bailiffs and faithful subjects. Let it be known that we, motivated by our especial grace and certain knowledge of him, have granted for us and our heirs to our faithful servant <mask>, Esquire of the Royal Body, to him, his heirs and assigns, the right to empark 500 acres of land, meadow, pasture and wood together with appurtenance at Le Worthy within the manor of Dereham in the county of Gloucestershire and enclose them with fences and hedges in order to make a park there.Also that they may have free warren in all their demesne lands within the said manor. No other person may enter this park or warren to hunt or catch anything which might belong to that park or warren without permission from <mask>, his heirs or assigns under penalty of £10, provided that the land is not within our forest. Witnessed by:
The most reverend in Christ father <mask> our chancellor and archbishop (<mask>)
The reverend in Christ fathers Richard Winchester, Keeper of the Privy Purse (Richard Foxe) and
Thomas Durham, our secretary (Thomas Ruthall), bishops. Thomas Surrey, Treasurer of England ( Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk) and
George Shrewsbury (George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury), steward of our household, earls. Charles Somerset Lord Herbert (Charles Somerset, 1st Earl of Worcester), our chamberlain and
George Neville of Abergavenny (George Nevill, 5th Baron Bergavenny), barons. Thomas Lovell, treasurer of

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William
William Canterbury
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texts:
 our household and
Edward Poynings, comptroller of our household, knights, and many others. Given by our hand at Westminster on the 5th day of June in the 3rd year of our reign" (1511).From the size of the present park it appears that only about 250 acres were ultimately enclosed. High Sheriff
Sir <mask> served as High Sheriff of Gloucestershire in 1518 and 1526, continuing the tradition of the Denys family which would hold that post on more occasions than any other family. Second marriage

<mask> married 2ndly in about 1508 Anne Berkeley, daughter of Maurice Berkeley (died 1506), de jure 3rd Baron Berkeley, from the leading Gloucestershire family. This marriage accorded to <mask> a considerable status in the county gentry. The marriage took place about two years after the death of Anne's father, so it appears the marriage was arranged between <mask> and Anne's brother Maurice Berkeley (died 1526), de jure 4th Baron Berkeley. Since 1492 the Berkeleys had been dispossessed of their ancestral lands including Berkeley Castle , following the death of <mask> (died 1492), 1st Marquis Berkeley, Anne's uncle, who had bequeathed all his paternal lands to King Henry VII and his heirs male, either in exchange for his new marquessate or because he disapproved of his brother Maurice having married beneath the nobility to Isabel Mead, the daughter of Philip Meade, alderman & mayor of Bristol. Anne's father Maurice, during this Berkeley exile, had therefore

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 been living at Thornbury, close to the Denys manors of Alveston and Earthcott Green.It may have been from this proximity that the marriage was proposed. Marriage settlement
The Inquisition post mortem of Sir <mask>, taken at Marshfield on 7 January 1534/5 makes reference to the marriage settlement, and details the manors which <mask> settled on Anne's feoffees at that time:
“The jurors say that he held no lands of the king in the county of Gloucester, but that some time before his death he was seized of the manor of Alveston, of the manor of Erdecote (i.e. Earthcott Green) also of the park of Alveston, together with the hundred of Langley in his demesne as of fee. And so being seized by charter dated 12th September 1508 confirmed a grant to Maurice Berkeley & others of the said manors. They further say that he was seized of the manor of Dyrham with the advowson of the church, also 3 messuages, 200 acres of land, 20 acres of meadow, 40 acres of pasture in Henton (i.e. Hinton) in his demesne as of fee. And by charter dated 22nd September 1508 he granted the same to Maurice Berkeley & others.The jurors also say that John FitzJames, knight & Edward Wadham, knight, in 24 Henry VIII (1532) together with Maurice Berkeley & others received against the said <mask> the manior of Siston with the advowson of the church, a moiety of the manor of Aust & 22 messuages etc. and one pound of pepper in Siston and Westrete in the hundred of Barton, near

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William Denys
William
William Denys


texts:
 Bristol. Which recovery of the said manor of Ciston (sic) is to the use of the said <mask> & Anne his wife and of their heirs male. And the moiety of the manor of Aust etc., to the said Anne for life.”

John FitzJames was Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench and had married (as her 2nd husband) Elizabeth Coningsby, mother of Denys's son-in-law Sir John Berkeley (died 1546) of Stoke Gifford. Attends Field of Cloth of Gold

In June 1520 Denys was one of the 7 knights of the Gloucestershire contingent selected to form part of the 100 or so nobles and gentlemen appointed to attend King Henry VIII at the Field of the Cloth of Gold, near Calais, where the King was to meet King Francis I of France. Each knight was expected to bring his own retinue, but limited to 10 persons and 4 horses. Edmund Tame (died 1534), the son of the business partner of John Twynyho, Denys's first father-in-law, was also on the Gloucestershire list, but his name was subsequently struck out and replaced, possibly due to ill-health.In a subsequent record <mask>'s name is shown as erased from the list of those attending the King, with the words "With the Queen" added, suggesting he had been transferred into the retinue of Katharine of Aragon. Founds Guild of St Denis

In 1520 Sir <mask> and Lady Ann founded the "Guild of St. Denis" in the Church of St Peter, Dyrham, next to their manor house. The early English guild performed the service to the general community and the

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texts: poor and needy which is today performed by government-funded social security, but had a religious element in addition. This later guild at Dyrham appears however to have been more akin to a chantry, endowed with revenues to fund the singing by priests of masses for the souls of the members. The records of the guild are held by Bristol Archives, and it is recorded that "Many were the brethren and Sisters of this Guild who were prevailed upon to contribute towards its maintenance; which persons lived in fifty several parishes at least, in Bristol, Bath, Somerset and Gloucestershire, and might amount to three hundred persons". The endowments of the guild consisted mainly of livestock which were let out to local farmers for a yearly rental. The fate of the chantry at the Dissolution of the Monasteries is not recorded, possibly because it seems not to have held any endowments in the form of land.It is likely that the Patron Saint Denis was selected due to his having the same name as the Denys family, yet the family itself was probably so named not after the saint, but due to its probable Danish origins. In ancient charters the name is latinised as Dacus being the adjectival form of Dacia, mediaeval Latin for "Denmark". In Norman French it is given as Le Deneis, i.e. "The Dane". There were 3 prominent mediaeval Denys families in the South-West, one from Ilchester, Somerset, one from Devon, and that from Glamorgan which in about 1380 came to Siston


texts:
 and then to Dyrham in Gloucestershire, in the person of Sir <mask> (died 1422), great-grandfather of Sir <mask>. The three families may all have originated from a common root before the era of the mass adoption of arms, that is to say the first half of the 13th century. The Somerset branch was the most short-lived, having disappeared before it might have adopted arms, but the Devon Denys's adopted as their arms three Danish battle-axes, the favoured weapons of the Vikings, as borne by the King of Denmark and recorded as used by him in the Camden rolls of arms, c. 1280.Progeny
By his first marriage to Edith Twynyho Was produced one daughter:
Anne, died without issue

By his second marriage to Anne Berkeley were produced numerous children:

Sons
(1)Sir Walter (died 1571), eldest son & heir. (2)Sir <mask> (died 1563), Treasurer of Calais & builder of Siston Court. (3)<mask> <mask> (died post-1571). He was bequeathed by the will of his eldest brother Sir Walter his "velvett gowne and velvett jackett". After the Dissolution of the Monasteries he was granted by letters patent dated 22 June 1 Edward VI (1548) a 60-year lease of the Chantry of St Michael in the parish church of Winterbourne, Glos. (between Siston & Alveston), which had been founded by Thomas Bradston. The chantry held lands in Winterbourne, Framshaw, Hambroke, Churchefelde & Cliffelde, all in Glos., from which it received rents.By 1553 <mask> had disposed of it to Robert Bradston of

masks:
Gilbert Denys
William Denys
Maurice Denys
William II
Denys
William


texts:
 Winterbourne, who used it as security for a loan of £40 from John Smyth, a merchant of Bristol. A contemporary report on the chantry related as follows:
"In the deanerie of Bristowe (i.e. Bristol) the parish of Wynterborne where are howselinge people (i.e. communicants) ccii. The warden of Wynterborne or otherwise called Bradston Chantrie "md?” that the seid wardenage or chantrie with the whole possessions thereunto belonging or appertaining have been for the space of one whole yere past or ther about in the possession of one <mask> now occupying the same by what title they know not, who said unto them he hath the same of our sovereign lord the king's majestie". The Catalogue of Seals in the British Museum records the following entry:
"Bradston Chantry in Winterbourne, co. Glos. A doubtful seal.Oval, a leopard's head jessant-de-lys. Motto: “..ATA TRAHUNT"

This appears to be one of the leopards on the Denys arms. The motto may have been from Ovid, Aeneid, Book 5, line 709: Quo fata trahunt, (retrahuntque, sequamur)("Whither the Fates draw (us) (and draw us back, let us follow"))
(4)Thomas
(5)Francis, probably named after the French king Francois I whom <mask> had attended his king to in 1520 at the Field of the Cloth of Gold. (6)John

Daughters

Anne, married 1stly John Raglan, 2ndly Sir Edward Carne (died 1561). She had issue from the 2nd marriage. Isabel, married 1stly Sir John Berkeley (died 1546) of Stoke Gifford, Glos., who died of


texts: splinter wounds whilst on board ship at Portsmouth, eldest son of Sir Richard Berkeley (died 1514) by Elizabeth Conningsby. The couple's eldest son was Sir Richard Berkeley (died 1604), MP for Gloucestershire, whose effigy can be seen in The Gaunts Chapel, Bristol.Also 2 daughters: Elizabeth Dennis Berkeley, born 1530, married Henry Lygon; Mary Berkeley, married Nicholas Walshe. Isabel survived her first husband and married 2ndly Arthur Porter (c. 1505 – 1559) of Newent and Alvington, MP for Gloucestershire in November 1554, for the City of Gloucester in 1555 and for Aylesbury in 1559. Katherine (died 1560), married 1stly, on 15 September 13 Henry VIII (1521), Sir Edmund II Tame (died 1544) of Fairford. 2ndly Walter Bucler, secretary to Queen Katherine Parr. 3rdly Roger Lygon (died without issue 1584), 8th son of Richard Lygon by Anne Beauchamp, 2nd daughter & co-heiress of Baron Beauchamp of Powyke. From her 1st marriage she inherited a life interest in the considerable Tame lands, including the manor of Fairford, Glos., in the parish church of which she is buried with her last husband in a chest-tomb with sculpted portrait effigies above. Eleanor, married <mask> of Madresfield, son of Richard Lygon (eldest son of Richard Lygon & Anne Beauchamp) by Margaret Greville, founders of the prominent early American colonial family of "Ligon" of Virginia, ancestors of actress Courteney Cox.Eleanor was also the grandmother of Sir Ferdinando Gorges,


texts:
 founder of the American province of Maine, whose mother was Cicely Lygon. Bridget
Mary, described in the 1623 Visitation of Gloucestershire as "a nun at Lacok", was in fact the last prioress of Kington St. Michael Priory, Wiltshire, having started as a young nun at Lacock Abbey. In the summer of 1535 the King's visitors for effecting dissolution came to Lacock and made a favourable report. John ap Rice wrote that he had "" and commended the nuns of Lacock for their familiarity with their rule and constitutions. He informed Thomas Cromwell that Dame <mask>, 'a faire young woman of Laycock', had been made Prioress of Kington, where the visitation had revealed a less satisfactory state of affairs. She lived to ripe old age, having outlived her eldest brother Sir Walter (died 1571), who bequeathed to her in his will his "second best bed at Codrington". She died in 1593 and received the honour of burial at the Gaunt's Chapel, Bristol.Margaret, married on 19 June 21 Henry VIII (1529) Sir Nicholas Arnold, the highly influential Tudor politician, Lord Deputy of Ireland, who played a central role under Thomas Cromwell in administering the Dissolution of the Monasteries. Her uncle, Thomas, 5th Baron Berkeley (died 1533) gave her in his will 200 marks for her marriage

Sources
Davis, Cecil T., Monumental Brasses of Gloucestershire, London, 1899, p. 109, Re brass of John Twynyho at Lechlade. Maclean, Sir John, (ed. ), Visitation of the County of


texts:
 Gloucester Taken in the Year 1623 by Henry Chitty, London, 1885. ("Dennis" pp. 49–53)
Robinson, W.J., West Country Manors, Bristol, 1930. (Dyrham, pp.73–76; Syston(sic), pp. 169–172)

References

<mask>
1533 deaths
People from South Gloucestershire District
15th-century English people
16th-century English people
1470 births
English knights
High Sheriffs of Gloucestershire
Esquires of the


texts:
<mask>. (April 7, 1876 – September 25, 1953) was an American banker and major owner and breeder in thoroughbred horse racing. Early life
<mask> was born in New York City on April 7, 1876. He was a son of Sarah Abagail (née Rodman) <mask> (1840–1913) and <mask>. (1836–1889), who came from a prominent and wealthy Maryland family that dated back to colonial times. The family made their fortune in selling textiles to the Confederate government, and his father was the founder of the New York Cotton Exchange. He was educated at the Cutler School in New York before preparing at Groton. He attended Harvard University, graduating in 1898, followed by Harvard Law School, where he graduated in 1901. In 1901, he was admitted to the bar.Career
For the next two years <mask> lived in London where he served as secretary to the United States Ambassador to Britain, Joseph Hodges Choate. There, he joined with other members of the political and economic elite including King Edward VII, at fashionable events including thoroughbred horse races, the favorite pastime of English royalty and nobility. Upon his return to New York in 1903, <mask> was made vice president of Hanover National Bank in New York City by his uncle, James T<mask>, who was then president of the bank. <mask>'s grandfather had helped James purchase a large portion of the bank years earlier before his death, which the younger <mask> inherited, therefore owning a controlling interest in the bank. Following his uncle's death, <mask> Sr. became president of the bank in 1910, serving in that capacity until a 1929 merger with the Central Union Trust Company when he was appointed chairman of the new corporate entity called Central Hanover Bank & Trust, and Central's president, George W. Davison, became president of the new entity. <mask> served as chairman of the board from 1929 until his

masks:
William Woodward Sr
Woodward
Woodward
William Woodward Jr
Woodward
Woodward
. Woodward
Woodward
Woodward
William Woodward
Woodward


texts:
 retirement in 1933. <mask> was one of the original directors of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York in 1914 and from 1927 to 1929, he was president of the New York Clearing House.Belair and thoroughbred racing

<mask> also inherited the historic Belair Mansion and 2,500 acre Stud in Collington, Maryland. Belair is a very historic estate where Colonial Governor of Maryland Samuel Ogle had brought the first Thoroughbred horses imported to America from England in 1747. His uncle James had acquired it in 1898 for an undisclosed sum of money. Upon inheriting the property, <mask> built the Belair Stud into one of the dominant breeding and thoroughbred horse racing operations in the United States during the 1930s, 40s, and 50s. In 1925, <mask> joined Arthur B. Hancock, Marshall Field III and Robert A. Fairbairn to import the stallion Sir Gallahad III into the United States to stand at Claiborne Farm. Sir Gallahad III would become a four-time leading sire in North America and would sire 60 stakes winners, including nine for <mask>. Sir Gallahad III's most famous offspring was Triple Crown winner Gallant Fox, who would in turn sire Triple Crown winner Omaha, both bred and raced by <mask>.Horses bred by Belair won every major stakes race in the U.S. as well as The Oaks, St. Leger Stakes, 1,000 Guineas, and other important races in Britain. <mask>'s accomplishments in horse racing led to him making the August 7, 1939 cover of Time magazine. <mask> was elected to the United States Jockey Club in 1917 and served as its chairman from 1930 until 1950. One of the main efforts he pursued was the repeal of the Jersey Act, a regulation of the British Thoroughbred stud book that prevented most American-bred Thoroughbreds from being registered in the United Kingdom as purebred Thoroughbreds. In 1950, <mask> was elected an honorary member of the British

masks: Woodward Woodward Woodward Woodward Woodward Woodward Woodward Woodward Woodward


texts:
 Jockey Club. Personal life
In 1903, <mask> met Elsie Ogden Cryder (1882–1981) at Saratoga Springs, New York, a daughter of tea importer Duncan Cryder and Elizabeth Callender (née Ogden) Cryder and one of the "famous Cryder triplets". They were married at Grace Church in New York on October 24, 1904.Elsie's younger sister Edith was the wife of Frederick Lothrop Ames Jr. and her aunt, the former Mary Hone Ogden, was the wife of Charles Francis Adams Jr. (the grandson of president John Quincy Adams). Together, they were the parents of one son and four daughters, including:

 <mask> (1905–1971), who married Thomas Moore Bancroft in 1929. Elizabeth Ogden <mask> (1907–1986), who married Robert Livingston Stevens (1907–1972) in 1928. They divorced in 1935, and she married John Teele Pratt Jr., a son of John Teele Pratt, in 1935. After his death in 1969, she married Squaw Valley Ski Resort founder Alexander Cochrane Cushing in 1971. <mask> (1910–1991), who married Charles Arthur Moore III (1909–1989) in 1936. They divorced and she married Marshall Christopher Sewall (1908–1983) in 1949.<mask> (b. 1914), who married Philippe de Croisset (1912–1965), a son of French playwright Francis de Croisset, in 1941. His nephew was Count Philippe de Montebello and his sister was Marie-Laure, Vicomtesse de Noailles. After having two sons, Ethel and Philippe divorced and he married Jacqueline de la Chaume (after his death in 1965, Jacqueline became the third wife of actor Yul Brynner). <mask> Jr. (1920–1955), who married Ann Crowell in 1943. In 1955 Ann shot and killed <mask>, reportedly thinking him a burglar. She later committed suicide in 1975, after Truman Capote published a story that "depicted her as a murderous vamp."In 1908, they lived at 11 West 51st Street in New York City and had a summer home in Mount Kisco, New York. Around 1910, they purchased

masks:
Woodward
Edith Woodward
Woodward
Sarah Woodward
Ethel Woodward
William Woodward
William


texts:
 The Cloisters on Ochre Point in Newport, Rhode Island, the former estate of Catherine Lorillard Kernochan, which had been designed by architect J.D. Johnston around 1885. The <mask>s hired New York architects Delano & Aldrich to complete a major renovation, which was completed by 1914. The home was torn down in 1950 and the site was divided into smaller parcels for contemporary homes. The family also relocated from their 51st Street residence to 9 East 86th Street, which <mask> had purchased for $200,000 from <mask>. Iselin in 1916 and, again, hired architects Delano & Aldrich to design and build him a residence. <mask> died on September 25, 1953, aged 77, at his home in Manhattan.After a funeral at St. James Episcopal Church in Manhattan, he was buried at Woodlawn Cemetery, Bronx. He left the estate to his son, <mask> Jr., whose untimely death two years later in 1955 saw the end of Belair Stud. His widow, considered "one of the last grandes dames of New York society", died in her apartment at The Waldorf Towers, where she had lived since 1956, in 1981. Legacy
Today the Belair Stable Museum in Bowie, Maryland, highlights the work of <mask> Sr. and others connected to the Belair Stud. The Woodward Stakes, a Grade I event now run at Saratoga, is named in his honor. In 2016, <mask> was inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame as a Pillar of the Turf. References

External links
 A brief biography of <mask> at the U.K. National Horseracing Museum
 The Baltimore Museum of Art.Annual 1 The Museum: Its First Half Century(Baltimore, Maryland: The Baltimore Museum of Art, 1966), 58. 1876 births
1953 deaths
<mask> family
American bankers
American racehorse owners and breeders
Harvard Law School alumni
Owners of U.S. Thoroughbred Triple Crown winners
Businesspeople from New York City
People from Bowie, Maryland
Lawyers from New

masks:
Woodward
Woodward
William E
Woodward
William Woodward
William Woodward
Woodward
William Woodward
Woodward


texts:
<mask> (born ) was a twenty-five-old American sailor who claimed to be enslaved in North Africa for three years, from 1810 to 1814. During this time he claimed to have visited Timbuktu, which would have made him the first Westerner to reach the city, though his narrative is dubious. Upon his stated liberation, and return to Europe, <mask>' story was published in two heavily edited and divergent accounts, most notably The Narrative of <mask> in 1816. Because his story was sanctioned by some of the most distinguished men in England, including members of government, who had a noted financial interest in Africa, his narrative(s) gained credibility despite "its most
glaring absurdities." Widely cited as an example of white slavery, today both accounts are widely known to have been fabrications, lending to the dismissal of Adam's story within general history discussions and recordings. Early life
<mask> was an American of mixed black and white ancestry. It was written that he was "born up the river of New York, where his father lived when he quitted America;"  and that his mother was a Mulatto.However, there is no record of a man under either of his known aliases, or fitting his general description, in Hudson during this period. Joseph Dupuis, the British Consul in Mogador who eventually ransomed <mask>, wrote of <mask>' appearance:

Dupuis wrote that <mask> left America to avoid being prosecuted for refusing to legitimize his relationship with a young woman. However, nothing else is known of his early life until 1810 when, under the name "Benjamin Rose," he signed onto the ship Charles as a merchant seaman. While he used the name "Benjamin Rose" leading up to his time on the Charles, he exclusively went by name, "<mask>," after his release from slavery. It is not known which, if either of these names was his real one, though at the time it was not uncommon for sailors, especially "distressed

masks:
Robert Adams
Adams
Robert Adams
Robert Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Robert Adams


texts:
 seamen", to change their names. Adventure

Shipwreck
As <mask> recounts in his Narrative, the ship sailed from New York City on June 17, 1810 (or May 7, 1810, as he recounted in Cadiz) led by captain, John Horton. The ship, carrying flour, rice, and salted provisions, was bound to Gibraltar.Along with <mask>, the crew included Stephen Dolbie (mate), Thomas Williams, Martin Clarke, Unis Newsham,  Nichofas (a Swede), John Stephens, John Matthews, and James Davison. <mask> stated that, after 26 days, the ship arrived at Gibraltar, where the cargo was discharged. There, the crew added another crewman, Unis Nelson. According to <mask>, the ship sat in Gibraltar for about a month, and proceeded after Captain Horton decided to go to the Isle of May for salt. However, it soon became clear that the captain was, rather, going on a trading voyage down the coast. After three weeks at sea, Adam said he overheard two of the older crew members – Newsham and Matthews – who were old and had been on the coast before, state that the Captain was lost. For eight or nine days, after that, the ships fought heavy winds until, on October 11, around 3:00am, the ship struck some reef in Cape Blanco...about four hundred miles north of Senegal.Despite two members of the crew being unable to swim, no lives were lost. Life as a slave
As day broke, <mask> claims the entire crew was surrounded by a group of about 35 Moors, who imprisoned them. Luckily, the Moors also had an imprisoned Frenchmen who was able to communicate with Captain Horton, who also spoke French. The crew, according to <mask>, was stripped naked and forced to dig holes in the sand in order to sleep, so they could keep cool. <mask> claimed that Captain Horton fell ill, and was killed with a sword by the Moors, who were frustrated that they could not communicate with him, despite having the Frenchman as a translator. <mask> said that, across three

masks:
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Robert Adams


texts: years of being enslaved in northern Africa, he passed through the hands of at least five different owners. His first owners were the Moors, who captured the shipwrecked sailors of the Charles.After about 12 days, after the shipwreck, <mask> said that the Moors divided the prisoners among themselves, with <mask> and Newsham being assigned to about twenty Moors who traveled on foot, with four camels. He said they traveled southwest, crossing the desert at an estimated rate of 15–20 miles a day, under great hardship, with scarcity of both food and water. He claimed they were often forced to drink a mix of water and camel urine just to stay alive in the parched conditions. At one point in the journey, Stevens says that his group of Moors was overtaken by a larger group of black Africans, who took the Moors and the slaves as prisoners, including <mask>. They again traveled great distances, first to the Africans' village. According to <mask>' account, he and a Portuguese slave, 18-year-old John Stevens, were taken to Timbuktu in around July 1812. <mask> never provides any parameters for Steven's captivity, but expresses that they were treated as honored guests of the king rather than as slaves, and were free to move about as they pleased within the city.They were considered an exotic oddity by the locals, and <mask> later recounts that people used to come from far off lands to stare at them. Eventually, <mask>' stay as a guest came to a close, and he was traded to a group of Moors who sold tobacco. Several days after making their trade, <mask> set off farther east, and eventually north, with his third group of captors. <mask> suffered his second great desert crossing, once again drinking camel urine to survive and avoid dehydration. Eventually the Moors reached a village of tents, where <mask> was put to work for several months tending goats and sheep. At some point during this phase of his

masks: Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams


texts:
 enslavement, <mask>' master had promised to take him all the way to Mogador and trade him to the British consul, thus helping him attain freedom. However, his master later went back on his word and <mask> rebelled as a result, refusing to care for the animals.This angered his master, who later sold him to someone else. <mask>' stated that his fourth master was a man with two wives. <mask> was given to one of the wives as her personal slave. Some time later, the second wife enlisted the assistance of <mask> to care for her goats. In payment, she allowed <mask> to “rest” in her tent. This relationship continued for months and, upon his master's knowledge of the affair, <mask> was traded for blankets and dates. His fifth master took him farther north to a village settlement where he met other Westerners, including some of his former companions from the Charles.One of the white men had already renounced his Christian faith to attain freedom and, shortly after, two of his sailing companions from the Charles also renounced their faith. Not long after, the British consul, Joseph Dupuis, ransomed <mask>, thus securing his freedom. Freedom
After trading for <mask>, the British consul Dupuis took him first to Agadir, then to Mogador, where <mask> stayed for nearly seven months. It was here that he first appeared in the historical record, with the date October 6, 1813. From here, he was sent north to Tangier, to the American Consul-General, James Simpson. After this, <mask> sailed to Cadiz, Spain, where he hoped to connect with a ship headed for the United States. Unfortunately, he arrived two days late.There he recounted his story to the American Samuel A. Storrow, who eventually published this "Cadiz Narrative" in 1817. Subsequently, <mask> went to Gibraltar, where he was able to travel by ship to Holyhead on the Isle of Anglesey, Wales. <mask> later ended up in London, where he survived as a

masks: Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams


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 beggar. In November 1815, <mask> was sought out by Simon Cock of the Company of Merchants Trading to Africa, who had been led to him by a traveler who recognized <mask> from Cadiz. Intrigued by the prospect of speaking to someone who had been to Timbuktu, Cock brought <mask> to the company's office. There, <mask> agreed to recount his story in exchange for finances and security to travel home to New York. Cock and company questioned <mask> and assembled a narrative of this account; it was published as The Narrative of <mask> in 1816.Narratives
Two versions of <mask>' story were published. The Company of Merchants Trading to Africa (aka the African Company) published the first version based on interviews held with <mask> at their London offices. This version was titled The Narrative of <mask> and included an introduction, notes, and other supporting material. Simon Cock was its primary editor and Joseph Dupuis added notes based on his encounter with <mask>. The book was published by John Murray in 1816. The Narrative is reminiscent of Barbary slave narratives, which were written by other shipwrecked sailors who had been taken captive and enslaved in Northern Africa (he was not captured by Barbary corsairs, and he spent his captivity in the Sub-Saharan region south of the Barbary coast). The one notable difference in the Narrative of <mask> is that <mask> describes his visit to the legendary city of Timbuktu, much coveted by Europeans in that time.<mask> was the first Westerner to ever give a full account of the city of Timbuktu. As Frank T. Kryza writes, "No European explorer had been there and returned since the Middle Ages." According to Cock's introduction to the Narrative, <mask> sailed home in December 1815, omitting much of his payment as well as his royalties from the book, but promising to return in the spring. Due to the dangerous nature of trans-Atlantic crossings in the

masks:
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Robert Adams
Adams
Adams
Robert Adams
Adams
Robert Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams


texts:
 winter, he gave Cock the "particulars of his family" to verify claims on his earnings. However, the Company of Merchants Trading to Africa's records do not show any money was ever paid to, or held for, <mask> or his family. From this point, <mask> vanishes from the historical record. The second version, known as the "Cadiz Narrative", was written up by Samuel A. Storrow, a "gentleman of Boston" who <mask> met in Cadiz.This version was published as "Interiour of Africa" in the North American Review in May 1817, with an introductory note from editor Jared Sparks. In July 1817 Sparks wrote a review of the African Company's version, noting the discrepancies between the Cadiz account and the London version and calling <mask>' tale a "fiction." Significance
The legends of the gold of Timbuktu spread after Mansa Musa, King of the Empire of Mali, set out in the year 1324 on a hajj, or journey to Mecca, showering gold on everyone he met. Ibn Battuta, famed Moroccan traveler, visited Mali for several months from 1352 to 1353 and confirmed an abundant supply of gold in the kingdom. These accounts spread throughout Africa and Europe, with many European countries coveting gold from the Malian city. The only people not looking for Timbuctoo were the Americans, because the United States was such a young country at that time. Timbuktu was at the time a major center of trading, with a focus on salt, books, and gold, which were all very in-demand at the time.Goods coming the Mediterranean shores and salt Tegaza in the north were traded in Timbuktu for gold, which came from the immense gold mines of the Boure and Banbuk. The prosperity of the city attracted both black African and Arab scholars, merchants and traders from all over North Africa. The fact that the city was a major center for trading goods for gold only increased its fame, and it was this very trade that made the city enormously wealthy.

masks: Adams Adams Adams Adams


texts:
 Many failed expeditions to the remote city of Timbuktu were attempted by the following explorers: the American John Ledyard, the Englishman Simon Lucas, the Irishman Major Daniel Houghton, the Scotsman Mungo Park, the German Frederick Hornemann, an Englishman named Nicholls, and the Swiss explorer Johann Ludwig Burckhardt. They all failed in one way or another, mostly by either disappearing in the middle of the expedition or by dying before reaching the city. Most did not return home. <mask>' tale of his visit to Timbuktu was highly significant for two reasons: (1) being a tale of a westerner finally managing to arrive at the famed city, long coveted for its supposed wealth and extensive reserves of gold, and (2) because he was said to have arrived there by accident, and not through an organized exploration.Despite the controversy regarding the veracity of <mask>' story, the publication of his Narrative was deemed a triumph for British science and exploration. Though, <mask> was said to have been an American, his tale was told in England, and it was there that the Narrative was published, granting an international victory to England. In contemporary times, <mask>' tales is often cited as an example as white slavery; however given he was stated as being mulatto in his tale, due there is no record accounting for him or his family on either side of the Atlantic, and due to numerous other discrepancies in his tale, his story is accepted as having been fabricated. Controversy
<mask>' account does not match what is now known of Timbuktu, and is regarded as a probable fabrication. No trace has ever been found of either <mask> or his family. In fact, no family, of his name, was known in the Hudson, nor had <mask> ever been heard of in the area. In addition, the collector of New York, which certified ship, verified that no vessel resembling <mask>' description of the Charles had ever left his

masks:
Robert Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams


texts:
 stated port.Lending to doubts in <mask>' story was also the fact that he had no firm national, racial, personal, language, or name identity, allowing him to pass through his own story, unnoticed e.g. he is both "<mask>" and "Benjamin Rose," he speaks English, Arabic and "Negro." There are also various noted holes in <mask>' story. For example, there is no reason given for why he was allowed to roam Timbuktu freely for six months. It is also noted that <mask> was induced, by Simon Cock, to answer questions about the region that had stumped Europeans for generations. He had an answer to every question he was asked by the Europeans. Raising more doubt is the manner in which Cock "found" <mask>, a then destitute beggar, wandering the streets of London in 1815, and how an illiterate person, who learned nothing from books, knew the exact number of days of his journeys, the precise number of miles he traveled each day, and the precise directions of all his travels on foot.It is notable that it was a well-established fact that no wrecks occurred south of Cape Bajado at that time. In addition, <mask>' illiteracy is at odds with the fact that sailors were substantially literate during this period. Also, lending to doubt of <mask>' story, is the "artlessness," considered necessary for poor storytellers, which often give them the feel of truth. Michel de Certeau wrote of such narratives when he linked the history of writing history to the legitimization of political power, a practice found in "Western" cultures which used the act of writing as a tool of colonialism; writing their own histories while minimizing or eradicating the traditions of native peoples. For example, Dick said of <mask>:

<mask>, is painted by critics as a "found narrator," who is not only unable to narrate a “continuous and straight-forward story,” but who also could only answer questions put to him, first by Dupuis in 1810

masks:
Adams
Robert Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams


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 in Africa, and then in 1815–16 in London, meaning the editors constructed his “story” from fragments. This, argues critics, was done to the point in which Cock brought in a group of “scientific and respectable gentleman” to interview <mask>, in order to verify details and geographical descriptions of Africa. <mask>' story was deemed to be obviously fabricated, to the point in which it was denounced in the North American Review, in 1817, which delivered its critique only after assessing both narratives.The critique stated:

Despite its discrepancies, it is surmised that Adam's story found an audience due to "sympathy and curiosity of Africa" at the time." See also
 James Riley (captain)

References

Further reading
The Narrative of <mask>, a sailor, who was wrecked on the western coast of Africa, in the year 1810, was detained three years in slavery by the Arabs of the Great Desert, and resided several months in the city of Tombuctoo. With a map, notes, and an appendix. London: John Murray, 1816
"The Narrative of <mask>, An American Sailor, who was wrecked on the western coast of Africa, in the year 1810, and was detained three years in slavery by the Arabs of the Great Desert. He was the first White Man who ever visited the great city of Tombuctoo, where he resided several months." In Robinson Crusoe's Own Book; or, the voice of adventure, from the civilized man cut off from his fellows, by force, accident, or inclination, and from the wanderer in strange seas and lands, by Charles Ellms. Boston: Joshua V. Pierce, 1946.Shah, Tahir. Timbuctoo: Being a singular and most animated account of an illiterate American sailor, taken as a slave in the great Zahara and, after trials and tribulations aplenty, reaching London where he narrated his tale London: Secretum Mundi, 2012

American sailors
American travel writers
American male non-fiction writers
People from Hudson, New York
Shipwreck

masks:
Adams
Adams
Robert Adams
Robert Adams


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<mask>, OAM (born 21 April 1969) is an Australian aerial skier and Victorian state politician. <mask> was an ex-gymnast who became an aerial skier at Mount Buller, Victoria. During her skiing career <mask> won over 40 World Cup medals, including 17 World Cup gold medals. <mask> competed in aerial skiing as a demonstration sport at the 1992 Albertville Winter Olympics, and as a medal event at the 1994 Lillehammer and 1998 Nagano games, where she came sixth and fourteenth, respectively. In December 2002, aged 33, <mask> was elected as a Member of Parliament in the Victorian Legislative Assembly for the Labor Party. On 26 February 2003, she was ejected from the Lower House chamber for breastfeeding her 11-day-old baby, Charlotte Louise. A section of the Parliamentary rules, namely Standing Order 30, states: "Unless by order of the House, no Member of this House shall presume to bring any stranger into any part of the House appropriated to the Members of this House while the House, or a Committee of the whole House, is sitting."As there is no age limit to 'strangers in the House' (non-elected persons), only MPs and certain parliamentary staff are allowed in the House during sitting times. Subsequently, the Speaker of the House set aside a room in which female MPs can feed their children without violating the Standing Orders. Early life and sporting career

<mask> was born in Melbourne on 21 April 1969 and grew up in the Melbourne suburb of Black Rock with parents, Ron and Anne, older sister, Sascha and younger brother, Carey. She attended Black Rock Primary school (Prep - Yr 6), then Mentone Girls High School (now Mentone Secondary College) before transferring to Firbank Girls' Grammar School in Yr 9. She moved to Taylors College for year 12. <mask>, along with

masks:
Kirstie Claire Marshall
Marshall
Marshall
Marshall
Marshall
Marshall
Marshall


texts: her siblings, started skiing from the age of 4 at the Mount Baw Baw ski resort in Victoria, Australia. In 1981 the family became regular skiers at the Mount Buller ski resort, one of the largest ski resorts in Victoria.In 1987 she joined Team Buller, a Freestyle ski team run by Geoff Lipshut, Peter Braun, Eyal Talmore, Tim Skate and David Freedman based on Mount Buller. The creation of a skier-exchange program for Freestyle Aerialists saw three Japanese skiers spend the 1987 winter in Mount Buller one of whom, Takayo Yokoyama, was nearing the end of his career and was interested in becoming an International coach. With little prospects in his native country, the chance meeting in Australia saw <mask> being offered a four-month scholarship in Inawashiro, Listel Ski Fantasia, the center for Freestyle Skiing in Japan, with Takayo as her coach. Following the 1988 Australian Freestyle competition where she placed first, <mask> decided to follow the European winter and compete on the four-month World Cup Season. Sponsored by a Melbourne-based travel company, she headed overseas as the only Australian representative in either Aerials, Moguls or Ballet (Acrobatics). While not truly competitive with her single back layout and single front tuck, she completed her rookie season finishing in 10th position, at that time one of the highest placing by an Australian winter athlete, male or female, in any winter sport other than Lyn Gross (La Clusaz World Cup Aerials). Malcolm Milne (World Cup Downhill) Steve Lee (World Cup Downhill) Zali Steggall (World Cup Slalom).In 1990 <mask> won her first World Cup event. In 1992, she was crowned World Champion, with six World Cup victories, and competed in aerial skiing as a demonstration sport at the 1992 Albertville Winter

masks: Marshall Marshall Marshall


texts:
 Olympics. She was Australia's flag bearer at the 1994 Lillehammer Winter Olympics, where she was placed sixth in the women's aerial skiing event – the nation's best Olympic result at the time. She also competed in the 1998 Nagano Winter Olympics. <mask> set several world records over the course of her skiing career, including becoming the first woman in history to score over 100 points on a single competition jump, with a score of 104.37. Her 17th career World Cup gold medal in 1998 tied her for the all-time record for career World Cup aerial victories with Canadian skier Marie Claude Asselin, who retired in 1984. She has been a board member of the Olympic Winter Institute of Australia since her retirement from skiing.<mask> discovered current Australian aerial skier, David Morris, while attending a gymnastics display at his local club, which is within her electorate of Forest Hill. Political career
On 3 September 2002, Victorian State Premier Steve Bracks announced that <mask> had been nominated for preselection as a Labor candidate in the Victorian state seat of Forest Hill. In the election that followed, she won the seat of Forest Hill with a swing of more than 10%. On 27 February 2003, twelve days after giving birth to her first child, daughter Charlotte Louise, <mask> attended the first sitting of parliament following the 2002 election. When official proceedings commenced whilst she was still breastfeeding her newborn, the Speaker of the House ejected Charlotte (and therefore her mother) from the chamber as "only MPs and certain parliamentary staff are allowed in the House during sitting times". The controversy that followed was headline news and led to widespread debate in the community regarding the merits of women breastfeeding in public or at

masks: Marshall Marshall Marshall Marshall


texts:
 workplaces. <mask> was re-elected for the seat of Forest Hill in the 2006 state election.She lost her seat in 2010, with local residents citing her choice to live in Richmond rather than the electorate and media reportage of avoiding interviews as key reasons. A statement issued by her office on election day stated "<mask> will not be doing any interviews today or tonight. She will not be having any (photo) shots done during the day or at her function tonight." Honours
<mask> received an Australian Sports Medal in 2000 and a Medal of the Order of Australia in 2003. She was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 2010. References

External links

1969 births
Living people
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Victoria
Australian female freestyle skiers
Sportswomen from Victoria (Australia)
Politicians from Melbourne
Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
Australian sportsperson-politicians
Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia
Recipients of the Australian Sports Medal
Sport Australia Hall of Fame inductees
Skiers from Melbourne
Olympic freestyle skiers of Australia
Freestyle skiers at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Freestyle skiers at the 1998 Winter Olympics
21st-century Australian politicians
21st-century Australian women politicians
Women members of the Victorian Legislative

masks: Marshall Kirstie Marshall


texts:
<mask> [vee-dahl' nooh'-nio] (born July 26, 1987) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Toros de Tijuana of the Mexican League. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees, Arizona Diamondbacks, Seattle Mariners, Baltimore Orioles, and Tampa Bay Rays. The Cleveland Indians selected Nuño in the 48th round of the 2009 Major League Baseball draft. He made his MLB debut in 2013 with the Yankees. Amateur career
Nuño attended Sweetwater High School in National City, California, where he played for the school's baseball team. As a junior, in 2004, Nuño recorded 107 strikeouts and was named the Mesa League Pitcher of the Year. Due to his poor academic track record, Nuño could not receive a scholarship from a Division I school.Wanting to leave the San Diego metropolitan area, he attended Baker University in Baldwin City, Kansas, where he played college baseball for the Baker Wildcats in the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics. In two seasons at Baker, <mask> had a 15–7 win–loss record. He was named the Heart of America Athletic Conference Pitcher of the Year as a junior in 2008. Professional career

Cleveland Indians
The Cleveland Indians selected <mask> in the 48th round of the 2009 Major League Baseball draft, with the 1,445th overall selection. That year, he pitched for the Mahoning Valley Scrappers of the Class A-Short Season New York–Pennsylvania League. He began the season as a relief pitcher, but was moved into the starting rotation. He finished the season with a 2.05 earned run average (ERA).In 2010, Nuño was promoted to the Lake County Captains of the Class A Midwest League. After pitching to a 4.96 ERA in 21 games, the Indians released Nuño on

masks:
Vidal Vicente Nuño
Nuño
Nuño


texts:
 March 26, 2011, and suggested that in order to continue his career, he should develop a changeup. Washington Wild Things
Nuño began the 2011 season pitching in independent baseball for the Washington Wild Things of the Frontier League, where he worked on his changeup. In six games with the Wild Things, Nuño recorded a 2.83 ERA with 34 strikeouts. New York Yankees
On June 18, 2011, Nuño signed with the New York Yankees organization, and was assigned to the Staten Island Yankees of the New York–Penn League. He also pitched for the Charleston RiverDogs of the Class A South Atlantic League. In 2012, Nuño played for the Tampa Yankees of the Class A-Advanced Florida State League and Trenton Thunder of the Class AA Eastern League.Across both levels, <mask> pitched to a 10–6 win–loss record with a 2.54 ERA, the best among all Yankees' minor league pitchers, across  innings pitched. The Yankees invited <mask> to spring training in 2013. He won the James P. Dawson Award as the best rookie in camp. Assigned to the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders of the Class AAA International League, he was named the league's pitcher of the week for the week ending April 21, after he won both of his starts, allowing one run in  innings, with two walks and 14 strikeouts. With Iván Nova on the disabled list, the Yankees promoted <mask> to the major leagues on April 27, 2013. He made his major league debut on April 29, pitching three scoreless innings in relief. On May 13, he made his second appearance, his first major league start, in the second game of a doubleheader against the Cleveland Indians.Nuño pitched five scoreless innings and got his first career win. The next day, the Yankees optioned Nuño to Scranton/Wilkes-Barre to

masks: Nuño Nuño Nuño


texts:
 activate Curtis Granderson from the disabled list. On May 17, 2013, Nuño was recalled back to the New York Yankees MLB roster, following an injury to Andy Pettitte that forced him to the 15-day disabled list. In a relief outing against the Baltimore Orioles on May 21, he recorded his first major league loss after surrendering a lead-off home run to Nate McLouth in the 10th inning. He was again optioned to Scranton/Wilkes-Barre on May 30, 2013. <mask> was placed on the disabled list in June and missed the remainder of the 2013 season. Nuño competed with Michael Pineda, David Phelps, and Adam Warren for the final spot in the Yankees' starting rotation during spring training in 2014.Pineda won the final spot, and Nuño made the Yankees' Opening Day roster as a relief pitcher. After pitching in relief in three games, Nuño made his first start of the 2014 season on April 20. Nuño started 14 games for the Yankees, going 2–5 while allowing up 15 home runs in 78 innings. Arizona Diamondbacks
On July 6, 2014, Nuño was traded to the Diamondbacks for pitcher Brandon McCarthy. Nuño pitched to a 3.74 ERA as a member of the Diamondbacks' starting rotation, but did not win a game in 14 starts, going 0–7 with the Diamondbacks and finishing the year with a win-loss record of 2–12 and a 4.56 ERA in 28 starts. Nuno began the 2015 season with the Reno Aces of the Class AAA Pacific Coast League. He was promoted to the majors on May 11 and made one appearance before he was optioned to Reno on May 16.Seattle Mariners

On June 3, 2015, the Diamondbacks traded <mask> and Mark Trumbo to the Seattle Mariners for catcher Welington Castillo, reliever Dominic Leone and prospects Gabby Guerrero and Jack Reinheimer. Nuño pitched to a

masks: Nuño Nuño


texts:
 1-4 record with a 5.08 ERA in ten games started, and a 1.91 ERA in 25 appearances as a relief pitcher. When he won a start on September 9, it was his first major league victory since June 27, 2014, and he broke a string of 44 appearances and 20 starts without a win; his 20-start winless streak had been tied for the longest active streak without a win in the major league's with Atlanta's Shelby Miller. In 2016, the Mariners determined that they would use Nuño solely as a relief pitcher. In 56 appearances, including one
start, he posted a 3.53 ERA in  innings. Baltimore Orioles

On November 6, 2016, the Mariners traded Nuño to the Los Angeles Dodgers for catcher Carlos Ruiz. <mask> and the Dodgers avoided salary arbitration on January 10, 2017, by agreeing to a one-year, $1.125 million contract.On February 19, 2017, he was traded to the Baltimore Orioles for minor league pitcher Ryan Mosley. He elected free agency on October 1, 2017. Tampa Bay Rays
On November 7, 2017, Nuno signed a minor league deal with the Tampa Bay Rays. He began the 2018 season with the Durham Bulls of the International League, and was promoted to the major leagues in May. Nuno ended the season with an earned run average of 1.64 in 33 innings (17 appearances) out of the bullpen. He threw a slider 67.0% of the time, tops in MLB. Washington Nationals
On January 17, 2019, Nuño signed a minor league contract with the Washington Nationals that included an invitation to spring training.He was released on May 27, 2019. Second stint with Rays
On June 3, 2019, the Rays signed Nuño to a minor league deal. He became a free agent following the 2019 season. Toros de Tijuana
On February 18, 2020, Nuño signed with the Toros de Tijuana of the


texts:
 Mexican League. Nuño did not play in a game in 2020 due to the cancellation of the Mexican League season because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nuño recorded 11 scoreless innings in 2021 for Tijuana. Los Angeles Dodgers
On June 1, 2021, Nuño signed a minor league contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers organization.He pitched in 18 games (seven starts) for the AAA Oklahoma City Dodgers, with a 6–2 record and a 7.09 ERA. Toros de Tijuana (second stint)
On February 28, 2022, Nuño signed with the Toros de Tijuana of the Mexican League. International career
He was selected Mexico national baseball team at the 2017 World Baseball Classic. On October 29, 2018, he was selected as a member of the MLB All-Stars in the 2018 MLB Japan All-Star Series. References

External links

1987 births
Living people
Águilas de Mexicali players
Águilas del Zulia players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela

American baseball players of Mexican descent
Arizona Diamondbacks players
Arizona League Indians players
Baker Wildcats baseball players
Baltimore Orioles players
Baseball players from California
Charleston RiverDogs players
Durham Bulls players
Fresno Grizzlies players
People from National City, California
Lake County Captains players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Mahoning Valley Scrappers players
Mexican League baseball pitchers
New York Yankees players
Norfolk Tides players
Oklahoma City Dodgers players
Reno Aces players
Scottsdale Scorpions players
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders players
Seattle Mariners players
Staten Island Yankees players
Tacoma Rainiers players
Tampa Bay Rays players
Tampa Yankees players
Toros de Tijuana players
Trenton Thunder players
Washington Wild Things players
2017 World Baseball


texts:
<mask>  (née <mask>; born April 26, 1947) is an American former competition swimmer, activist, and television sportscaster. Biography

Swimming career
In 1960, <mask> qualified for the U.S. Olympic swimming team at age 13. She already held the world record in her signature event, the 400-meter individual medley, but the event would not be added to the Olympic schedule until the 1964 Olympics. At the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, <mask> swam for the U.S. team in the preliminary heats of the women's 4×100 freestyle relay, but she did not receive a gold medal because she did not swim in the event final. Four years later at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan, after she was well on her way to setting a career total of eighteen world best times and world records, she won the gold medal in the women's 400-meter individual medley. She defeated the second-place finisher by a margin of six seconds and set an Olympic record. She also earned a second gold medal as a member of the world-record-setting U.S. team in the 4×100-meter freestyle relay.<mask> appeared on the covers of Sports Illustrated, Look and Life magazines. In 1964, the Associated Press and United Press International voted <mask> the "most outstanding woman athlete in the world." <mask> retired from swimming and began her career in the male-dominated world of sports broadcasting. Professional life
At the age of 17, she appeared on ABC's Wide World of Sports, becoming the youngest and one of the first women sportscasters for a national network. Her groundbreaking career has earned her an Emmy, two Gracies and the opportunity to cover a wide variety of sports events including 17 winter and summer Olympic games. In 2006, she was inducted into the Museum of Television & Radio's first class of fifty "She Made It"

masks:
Donna de Varona Pinto
Donna Elizabeth de Varona
de Varona
De Varona
De Varona
de Varona
De Varona


texts: pioneers in media. While <mask> continued to pursue her television career, she also began her work in Washington, D.C. as an activist for sports and fitness opportunities for America's youth.Since her retirement from competitions in 1965, she has served five terms on the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports and has been appointed to Presidential Commissions under presidents Ford, Carter, Reagan, Clinton, and Bush. A consultant to the United States Senate, <mask> took a leave of absence from her pioneering television career to help with the passage of the 1978 Amateur Sports Act which restructured how Olympic sports are governed in the United States. Subsequently, she was called back to the Senate to consult on amendments to the landmark Olympic legislation and eventually worked to promote and safeguard Title IX of the Equal Education Amendments Act which prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any educational institution receiving Federal funding. Named a special advisor to President Clinton's Drug Czar, General Barry McCaffrey, <mask> helped with the establishment and funding for both the United States Anti-Doping Agency and the World Anti-Doping Agency, which are entrusted with eradicating the use of illegal substances to enhance performance in sports. A promoter of women in sport, in the mid-1970s, she joined Billie Jean King in establishing the Women's Sports Foundation. She served as the first President (1979–1984) and subsequently, became the chairman and Honorary Trustee for the Foundation. Under <mask>'s leadership, the Women's Sport Foundation initiated the Hall of Fame Dinner (now the Annual Salute to Women in Sports Awards Dinner), Travel and Training Grants, research projects, a toll-free telephone number and annual visits to Washington,

masks:
de Varona
de Varona
de Varona
de Varona


texts: D.C., to educate Congress about Title IX and the importance of providing sport and physical activity opportunities on an equitable basis to both men and women.Over the years, the Foundation has raised more than $30 million to support its programs. From 1997 to 1999, <mask> chaired the organizing committee for the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup. Recognized as the most successful women's sporting event in history, <mask>, a U.S. Olympic Hall of Famer, is a recipient of the Olympic Order, the highest honor presented by the International Olympic Committee. In 1999, Sports Illustrated for Women ranked her on its list of the "100 Greatest Athletes." She has also been awarded five honorary doctorates and in 2003, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Honors Committee awarded her the Theodore Roosevelt Award. In 2000, <mask> sued ABC Sports for $50 million, saying she was fired because of her sex and age. She filed the lawsuit after working at ABC for over 30 years.The suit was dropped in 2002 when ABC Sports rehired <mask> as an ABC & ESPN liaison for domestic and international sports, plus on-air work for certain events. She said "Filing was the hardest thing I'd ever done. I'd been associated with ABC since I was 14, when I was swimming, and I grew from commentator to producer to adviser to Roone Arledge", the first president of ABC Sports. In the fall of 2007, <mask> completed a documentary as a host, writer, and producer. This was done in observation of the 35th anniversary of Title IX, which was the legislation that outlawed discrimination in school programs, including sports. The CSTV documentary, which won a Cine Golden Eagle Award, focused on the impact of Title IX and how one recipient of a sports scholarship in America has been influential in changing

masks:
de Varona
de Varona
de Varona
de Varona
de Varona


texts:
 attitudes and customs in the Middle East as well as within the International Olympic Committee. The program featured Morocco's Minister of Sports, Nawal El Moutawakel, who in 1984 became the first Muslim and African woman to win an Olympic gold medal, and in 2012 was elected Vice President of the International Olympic Committee.She was inducted to the International Swimming Hall of Fame as an "Honor Swimmer" in 1969. In 2003, <mask> was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in Seneca Falls, New York. She also serves on the distinguished Citizens' Stamp Advisory Committee (CSAC), which recommends subjects who appear on U.S. postage stamps. She is a 1986 graduate of UCLA and the mother of two children: Joanna Pinto and John David Pinto. <mask> serves on the executive board of Special Olympics International and is a member of the International Olympic Committee's Women and Sports Commission. She is also a board member of the International Swimming Hall of Fame and serves as an adviser to Jordan's Prince Feisal's Generations for Peace Foundation and Tony Blair's Beyond Sport Initiative. Most recently, <mask> was appointed to the United States Department of State's Empowerment of Girls and Women through Sports Council by Secretary of State Hillary Clinton.She is also President of DAMAR Productions, a marketing, consulting and events advisory company. She was also the chair of the Athlete Advisory Committee for the 2019 Aurora Games. Activism
In 2020, <mask> along with 300+ women signed a letter to the National Collegiate Athletic Association in support of an Idaho law that bans transgender women student athletes from competing in women's and girls' sports. In 2021, <mask> joined the Women's Sports Policy Working Group, formed in opposition to President <mask>'s

masks:
de Varona
De Varona
de Varona
de Varona
de Varona
Joe Biden


texts:
 Executive Order 13988 that mandates blanket inclusion for all transgender women athletes whose goal is protecting the girls’ and women's competitive categories, while crafting accommodations for trans athletes into sport wherever possible. Personal life
In 1986, <mask> graduated from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Her younger sister is actress-director Joanna Kerns, who played Maggie Seaver on the ABC sitcom Growing Pains. See also

 List of Olympic medalists in swimming (women)
 List of University of California, Los Angeles people
 World record progression 200 metres individual medley
 World record progression 400 metres individual medley
 World record progression 4 × 100 metres medley relay

References

External links

 Image of U.S. Olympic swimmers <mask> and Cathy Ellis, California, 1964.Los Angeles Times Photographic Archive (Collection 1429). UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, University of California, Los Angeles. 1947 births
Living people
American female freestyle swimmers
American female medley swimmers
American television sports announcers
Medalists at the 1963 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Motorsport announcers
National Football League announcers
Olympic Games broadcasters
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in swimming
Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in swimming
Recipients of the Olympic Order
Swimmers from San Diego
Swimmers at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1963 Pan American Games
Swimmers at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Swimming commentators
Track and field broadcasters
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
Women sports announcers
Women's Sports Foundation executives
World record setters in

masks:
de Varona
Donna deVarona


texts:
<mask> (December 5, 1892 – June 23, 1966) was a California lawyer and historian and a historical cartographer of the American West. Early life
<mask> was born in Massachusetts to Congregational Church minister <mask> and Catherine Isabel Pearce on December 5, 1892. In 1898 his parents moved the family to San Francisco, then a few years later moved south near Pasadena. <mask> graduated from Pomona College in 1915 and was admitted to Harvard Law School. In 1917 he served as an ambulance driver during the First World War. Discharged from service, he resumed his education, married Helen Millspaugh on September 22, 1919 and took his LL.B. in 1920.<mask> returned to California, where his legal practice centered on public and private utility law. He joined the California Railroad Commission in 1922, eventually becoming its chief counsel. He returned to private practice in San Francisco in 1929, then served on the legal staff of the Federal Communications Commission between 1936 and 1938. Until 1957 when he retired, <mask> interspersed public appointments with private legal activity. California history contributions
<mask> was a member of San Francisco's elite Bohemian Club and participated activity in its encampments. He also participated in the resurrection of E Clampus Vitus. Through his social activity he was introduced to Henry R. Wagner, who introduced his friend to history and the California Historical Society.<mask> was editor for the Society's journal between 1927 and 1933, which was the year he moved to Los Angeles. <mask> continued to contribute to the California Historical Society Quarterly with such articles as Pioneer Visitors to Death Valley After the Forty-Niners (September, 1939). While in Los Angeles, <mask> served on the publication committee of the Historical Society of Southern California where he published The Forty-Niners in Death Valley: A Tentative Census (1939). In 1949 he published a bibliography of work on the Gold Rush, Books of the California Gold Rush.

masks:
Carl Irving Wheat
Wheat
Frank Irving Wheat
Wheat
Wheat
Wheat
Wheat
Wheat
Wheat
Wheat


texts:
 Frémont-Gibbs-Smith Map

In October 1950, <mask> was elected to membership in the American Antiquarian Society. Around that time, he had begun compiling information for his milestone work: Mapping the Transmississippi West, 1540–1861. In 1953 he rediscovered a copy of the 1847 Frémont map in the collection of the American Geographical Society that bore manuscript emendations by George Gibbs.Gibbs had transferred the data onto the map from an unknown source. The penciled additions showed the travels by western explorer and fur trader Jedediah Smith. <mask> spoke extensively of the map in a paper delivered to the American Antiquarian Society in 1954. With the help of Smith biographer and Bancroft Library historian Dale L. Morgan, <mask> was able to show that the emendations were likely a transcription from a long-lost map by Smith from the late 1820s. The pair released their findings in California Historical Society special publication Jedediah Smith and His Maps of the American West in 1954, the year after Morgan's Jedediah Smith and the Opening of the West (Bobbs-Merrill, 1953) appeared in print. Mapping the Transmississippi West
Mapping the Transmississippi West, 1540–1861, appeared in five folio volumes (the last in two parts) between 1957 and 1963. Written with the research and editorial cooperation of Dale Morgan, the volumes describe unfolding geographic knowledge and important maps of the West's exploration and migration, from the Spanish discovery to the opening of the Civil War.<mask> incorporated and financed the Institute for Historical Cartography as the first volume was going to press in an effort to guarantee publication of the massive volumes and to dodge the onus of self publication. <mask> suffered a stroke in June 1955, which delayed production of his historical cartography. He recovered physically, but in August the same year suffered a second stroke which left him only limited use of his right hand. He dictated much of volumes 2–4 to a secretary, correcting proofs

masks: Wheat Wheat Wheat Wheat Wheat


texts:
 left-handed. In May 1961 <mask> suffered a third stroke that completely incapacitated him. Morgan, who had participated as a confidant and editor for most of the work but remained in the background, produced the two-part fifth and concluding volume from <mask>'s collection of map, map photostats, notes, and his own massive research files. <mask> suffered a fifth, massive stroke in June 1966 and died at home several weeks later.His papers are archived in the Bancroft Library

Honorariums
<mask> served as a Trustee of Pomona College and was awarded an honorary degree from that institution in 1959. The same year, he was awarded the Henry R. Wagner Memorial Award from the California Historical Society. Select publications
The Rocky-Bar Mining Company: An Episode of Early Western Promotion and Finance California Historical Quarterly (1933)

The Maps of the California Gold Region, 1848–1857: A Biblio-cartography of an Important Decade 1942. The Pioneer Press of California (1948)
The first one hundred years of Yankee California : address at the opening of the Library of Congress California centennial exhibit, November 12, 1949 (1949)
 <mask>. <mask>. Books of the California Gold Rush: A Centennial Selection. San Francisco: Colt Press, 1949.<mask><mask>, Mapping the Transmississippi West, 1540–1861, 5 v. in 6. San Francisco: Institute for Historical Cartography, 1957–1963. References

 "<mask> <mask>," Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society, (Oct 1966): 222–224. San Francisco Weekly, July 29, 1998. Silke Tudor, "Night Crawler". External links

 Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society
 The Forty-Niners in Death Valley: A Tentative Census

1892 births
1966 deaths
American cartographers
California lawyers
Harvard Law School alumni
Pomona College alumni
Pomona College trustees
20th-century American historians
20th-century American lawyers
Historians from California
Historians from Massachusetts
People from Holliston, Massachusetts
20th-century American male writers
American male

masks:
Wheat
Wheat
Carl Wheat
Wheat
Carl I
Wheat
Carl I
. Wheat
Carl Irving
Wheat


texts:
<mask> (; born September 15, 1980) is a former American football offensive lineman who played his entire career with the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL). He was the Giants starting left tackle on two Super Bowl championship teams, beating the New England Patriots in both games. He played college football for the University of Illinois. The Giants selected him in the fifth round of the 2003 NFL Draft. Early life
<mask> was born in Chicago, Illinois, on September 15, 1980. He is of Croatian descent on his mother's side, and of German descent on his father's side. When he was younger <mask> and his family frequently visited local Croatian churches and clubs in Chicago.He strengthened his Croatian-American ties after he moved to New Jersey, where the local Croatian community often have him as a visitor. He has the Croatian coat of arms as well as "neuništiv", the Croatian word for indestructible, tattooed on his left arm. High school career
<mask> attended Brother Rice High School in Chicago, where he starred on the football, wrestling, and track teams. He also attended St. Linus Grammar school in Oak Lawn, Illinois. College career
<mask> attended the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, where he played for the Illinois Fighting Illini football team. He became a second-team All-Big Ten Conference selection as a senior in 2002. Recipient of the Wright Commitment to Excellence Award, presented to the Illinois player who has dedicated himself to academic excellence despite obstacles faced during his collegiate career.Started every game at left offensive guard, registering 91 knockdowns for an offense that featured its first 1,000-yard rusher (Antoineo Harris) and 1,000-yard receiver (Brandon Lloyd) in the same season since 1984. Helped offense total 5,356 yards. In 2001, saw action at both guard and tackle. Registered 56 knockdowns as he participated in 385 plays for an offense that gained 5,041 yards as the line allowed only 16 quarterback sacks (second in the Big Ten). In 2000, was valuable reserve, seeing action in every game at right guard. Made 15

masks:
David Michael Diehl
Diehl
Diehl
Diehl
Diehl


texts:
 knockdowns as he participated in 43 plays. In 1999: Played in 6 games on the field goal and extra point protection units.He was redshirted as a freshman in 1998. Professional career

2003 NFL Draft

New York Giants (2003–2013)
<mask> was drafted by the Giants in the fifth round of the 2003 NFL Draft with the 160th overall selection. In his rookie season, <mask> started all 16 games, becoming the first Giants rookie to do so since Mark Bavaro in 1985. He was one of 14 NFL rookies to start all 16 games in 2003 and was the only rookie to start at the same position each game during the 2003 season. In 2005, <mask> played another position, starting 15 regular season games at left guard and 1 game at right tackle. That season, Tiki Barber rushed for a franchise-record 1,860 yards, and Eli Manning passed for 3,762 yards, the 5th-highest total in franchise history. The Giants signed <mask> to a six-year, $31 million contract in May 2008.At the end of the 2009 season, <mask> was elected to the 2010 Pro Bowl as a Super Bowl Participant replacement. <mask> moved from left tackle to right tackle following the release of Rich Seubert and Shaun O'Hara and the signing of <mask>. He had started every game of his NFL career until 2010, when he tore his hamstring and suffered a partially dislocated hip. At the end of the 2011 season, <mask> and the Giants appeared in Super Bowl XLVI. He started in the game as the Giants defeated the New England Patriots by a score of 21–17. On August 21, 2013, the New York Giants announced that Diehl will undergo surgery to repair his injured right thumb. The recovery time was expected to be approximately six weeks.On January 24, 2014, <mask> announced his retirement after 11 seasons. Broadcasting
On August 6, 2014, it was announced <mask> had been hired to work as a color analyst for NFL games on Fox. He teamed with Thom Brennaman as the number #4 team on these telecasts for 2014. During the 2015 season, <mask> worked fewer regular season games because former lead college football on Fox analyst Charles Davis took his place alongside Brennaman. (It was supposed to

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David Baas
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