texts: arrangement at the time). It was not until 1606 that <mask> wrote his first works for publication.In the spring of that year he was expelled from Middle Temple, due to his financial problems, and Fame's Memorial and Honour Triumphant soon followed. Both works are clear bids for patronage: Fame's Memorial is an elegy of 1169 lines on the recently deceased Charles Blount, 1st Earl of Devonshire, while Honour Triumphant is a prose pamphlet, a verbal fantasia written in connection with the jousts planned for the summer 1606 visit of King Christian IV of Denmark. It is unknown whether either of these brought any financial remuneration to <mask>; yet by June 1608 he had enough money to be readmitted to the Middle Temple. Prior to the start of his career as a playwright, <mask> wrote other non-dramatic literary works—the long religious poem Christ's Bloody Sweat (1613), and two prose essays published as pamphlets, The Golden Mean (1613) and A Line of Life (1620). After 1620 he began active dramatic writing, first as a collaborator with more experienced playwrights—primarily Thomas Dekker, but also <mask> and William Rowley—and by the later 1620s as a solo artist. <mask> is best known for the tragedy 'Tis Pity She's a Whore (1633), a family drama with a plot line of incest. The play's title has often been changed in new productions, sometimes being referred to as simply Giovanni and Annabella—the play's leading, incestuous brother-and-sister characters; in a nineteenth-century work it is coyly called The Brother and Sister.Shocking as

masks:
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Ford
Ford
John Webster
Ford


type: original

texts:
 the play is, it is still widely regarded as a classic piece of English drama. It has been adapted to film at least twice: My Sister, My Love (Sweden, 1966) and 'Tis Pity She's a Whore (Belgium, 1978). He was a major playwright during the reign of Charles I. His plays deal with conflicts between individual passion and conscience and the laws and morals of society at large; <mask> had a strong interest in abnormal psychology that is expressed through his dramas. His plays often show the influence of Robert Burton's The Anatomy of Melancholy. While virtually nothing is known of <mask>'s personal life, one reference suggests that his interest in melancholia may have been more than merely intellectual. The volume Choice Drollery (1656) asserts that

Deep in a dump alone <mask> was gat,
With folded arms and melancholy hat.The canon of <mask>'s plays
<mask> began his dramatic career in a way common in the period, by contributing to plays co-authored with more established dramatists. Six such plays survive:
The Laws of Candy (1620; printed 1647), with Philip Massinger;
The Witch of Edmonton  (1621; printed 1658), with Thomas Dekker and William Rowley;
The Welsh Ambassador  (1623; printed 1920), with Dekker;
The Spanish Gypsy (licensed 9 July 1623; printed 1653), with Dekker, Thomas Middleton, and Rowley;
The Sun's Darling (licensed 3 March 1624; revised 1638–39; printed 1656), with Dekker;
The Fair Maid of the Inn (1626; printed 1647), with Massinger, <mask>, and <mask>. The attributions of several of these plays to their various

masks:
Ford
Ford
John Ford
Ford
Ford
John Webster
John Fletcher


texts:
 authors were often debated or regarded as uncertain. Such questions were placed beyond reasonable doubt in 2017 with the publication of Volume II of The Collected Works of <mask>, ed. Brian Vickers, which contains 300 pages of evidence and discussion clearly identifying each of the above authors' contributions to those six plays. Darren Freebury-Jones has proposed that <mask> was responsible for completing The Noble Gentleman after <mask> died in 1625. After 1626 <mask> made the transition to sole author and wrote a further eight surviving plays:
The Queen (1627; printed 1653)
The Lover's Melancholy (licensed 24 November 1628; printed 1629)
The Broken Heart (1629; printed 1633)
'Tis Pity She's a Whore (1631; printed 1633)
Love's Sacrifice (1632; printed 1633)
Perkin Warbeck (1633; printed 1634)
The Fancies Chaste and Noble (1636; printed 1638)
The Lady's Trial  (licensed 3 May 1638; printed 1639)

As is typical for pre-Restoration playwrights, a significant portion of <mask>'s output has not survived.Lost plays by <mask> include The Royal Combat and Beauty in a Trance, plus more collaborations with Dekker: The London Merchant, The Bristol Merchant, The Fairy Knight, and Keep the Widow Waking, the last also with William Rowley and <mask>. In 1940, critic Alfred Harbage argued that Sir Robert Howard's play The Great Favourite, or The Duke of Lerma is an adaptation of a lost play by <mask>. Harbage noted that many previous critics had judged the play suspiciously good, too good for Howard; and Harbage pointed to a range of

masks:
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Ford
John Fletcher
Ford
Ford
Ford
John Webster
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texts:
 resemblances between the play and <mask>'s work. The case, however, relies solely upon internal evidence and subjective judgements. Poetry
As well as the poems already mentioned, several others have survived. In the 1920s, Australian-born composer <mask> set <mask>'s "Beauty's Beauty" to music. Notes

References
Halliday, F. E. A Shakespeare Companion 1564–1964.Baltimore, Penguin, 1964. Harbage, Alfred. "Elizabethan:Restoration Palimpsest." Modern Language Review Vol. 35 No. 3 (July 1940), pp. 278–319.Logan, Terence P. and Denzell, S. Smith, eds. The Later Jacobean and Caroline Dramatists: A Survey and Bibliography of Recent Studies in English Renaissance Drama. Lincoln, Nebraska, University of Nebraska Press, 1978. Stavig, Mark. <mask> and the Traditional Moral Order. Madison, WI, University of Wisconsin Press, 1968. External links

1831 Edition of the Works of <mask> (Volume One of Two) at the Internet Archive
1831 Edition of the Works of <mask> (Volume Two of Two) at the Internet Archive
The John Ford Editorial Project at the Institute of English Studies, directed by Sir Brian Vickers
The Collected Works of <mask>, vol.1 (2011); vols.2 and 3 (2017), Gen. ed. Sir Brian Vickers, published by Oxford University Press. English Renaissance dramatists
Alumni of Exeter College, Oxford
People from Teignbridge (district)
1586 births
1630s deaths
Date of death unknown
Place of death unknown
Date of birth unknown
17th-century English dramatists and playwrights
17th-century English male writers
English male dramatists and

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<mask>Max<mask> (August 25, 1899 – March 7, 1990) was an American theatrical designer, producer and director. Life and work
Born August 25, 1899, in Shchedrin near Minsk, Russia, <mask> (Max<mask> immigrated with his family to the United States in 1905 to escape the pogroms that killed most of his family. After graduating from the Pratt Institute of Fine Arts in Brooklyn in 1920, he worked for a time with Robert Edmond Jones, the pioneer American set designer who became his mentor. <mask> rendered in a wide variety of media and styles working with the most famous designers of the 1920s and 1930s – Robert Edmond Jones, Lee Strasberg, Elia Kazan, Arthur Miller, Norman Bel Geddes, Lee Simonson, Jo Mielziner, Oliver Messel, Aleksandr Golovin, Henri Matisse, André Derain, and Cleon Throckmorton. He worked for the most prestigious companies—the Provincetown Players, the Theatre Guild on Broadway, the Group Theatre New York, and the Actors Laboratory Theater in Hollywood. In keeping with his love of experimental theatre, he was involved with the most avant-garde companies of the day—the New Playwrights Theatre, the Theatre Collective, the Theatre of Action, and the Theatre Union. His first encounter with Bertolt Brecht in 1935 deeply influenced both his theories and designs.He became an advocate for the Epic Theater style developed by Brecht and director Erwin Piscator, and he pioneered the deliberate employment of metaphor in design. A decade later, he served as a designer and director for the Biarritz American University in France where he began teaching a seminar known as "The Scenic Imagination." It won national recognition as an original, inspiring, and incisive approach to the purely creative side of stage production in script, direction, acting, and design. This study was in unique contrast to the vocational method known as stagecraft, taught everywhere else. Four years later, he also acted as an Expert

masks:
Mordecai (
) Gorelik
Mordecai
) Gorelik
Gorelik


texts:
 Consultant in Theater for the American Military Government in Germany. His command of French and German languages enabled him to network with amateur and professional theatres around the globe. As a leading American expert on the modern stage form, his reputation was based in part on his record as a stage and film designer and in part on the years of research he carried out, abroad, under the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship (1936–37).In 1949-50, <mask> was catapulted to great heights working with the National Theatre Conference and the Rockefeller Foundation Grant (1949–51) to produce Europe Onstage. He writes:

“The purpose of this book is to put on record the basic realities of the European theatre at the halfway mark of the 20th century. With that in view, I spent more than a year and a half in nine European countries: Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, Poland, England, and Ireland. Everywhere I attended plays, talked with stage people and consulted the dramatic theories and criticisms that came to hand. Since I am convinced that modern theatre, especially, cannot be understood except in relation to the state of mind its public, I have tried, very briefly, to give some notion of what that is like in each of the countries I have visited. This journey has been a fascinating experience, but in some ways a terrible one. America has thus far been spared --and I hope may always be spared-- the vast destruction and unleashed mass insanity that descended upon Europe ...."

He aspired to provide a precise knowledge of post-war problems with theatres across Western Europe.Because he spoke French and German fluently, he was able to examine many layers of people working in theatres across different cultures. He found the social and political health of a nation could be measured by the way it treated its artists. For example, correspondence from the Office of the United


texts: States High Commissioner for Germany tallied the destruction of German theatres. In 1943 there were 418 dramatic companies in operation. Just six years later, 98 theatres were completely destroyed and 114 dramatic companies remained in operation; 88 were subsidized by the State and 26 were private. Individual freedoms are not valued in a culture torn by fear, hate, and envy. Innovation, breaking down barriers, and challenging the status quo was a threatening prospect in war-torn societies.As artists and craftsmen didn't regroup and failed to rebuild, universities became havens of avant garde commentary in response to the general cultural crisis. This study affected <mask> deeply. He worked with amateur and professional theatres around the globe. He influenced stage design, helped define the designer's role in the production process, and gave a voice to the silent majority. He went on to design the sets for 40 Broadway plays. He worked in New York and California for 50 years as a director, designer, author, and critic. His career spanned 3/4 of the 20th century and he taught at several universities.A Fulbright Grant (1967) he received enabled him to examine Australian theatre in a similar way. He traveled to Japan, India, and Israel as well. Across cultures, <mask> found the theatre was not merely an institution for self-expression; it was a tool for shaping history, especially where there was upheaval. Through the Arts, audiences were allowed to explore issues, become more liberal, and make social and political changes. That's why he often said in his articles and lectures that the future of theatre in America lay in its universities—where the central concern of this remarkable form of communication was its responsibility to its audience. <mask>'s first book, New Theatres for Old (1940), became a classic textbook used in scores of American universities. His articles were published by numerous sources including

masks: Gorelik Gorelik Gorelik


texts: Encyclopædia Britannica, Collier's Encyclopedia, Encyclopedia Americana, Drama Survey, and Theatre Arts Magazine.As a noted critic and scholar, his essays appeared in The New York Times, The New York Herald Tribune, The Arts, Educational Theatre Journal, Speech Association Quarterly, Tulane Drama Review, Contact Magazine, Davidlo (Prague), Tester-forbundets Medlemsblad (Stockholm), Teatr Y Dramaturgia (Moscow), Buhnentechenische Rundschau (Berlin), Theatre Newsletter (London), and Hollywood Quarterly. On Broadway, Max designed forty sets. His career began with John Howard Lawson's vaudevillian critique of Americana, Processional, and ended in 1960 with A Distant Bell. He was also the translator and adapter of The Firebugs (1963), by Swiss playwright Max Frisch. His more notable scene designs include such plays as Men in White, Golden Boy, Casey Jones, All My Sons, Desire Under the Elms, The Flowering Peach, A Hatful of Rain, The Plough and the Stars, Volpone, Tortilla Flat , King Hunger, Processional, and Mother. His film designs include L'Ennemi Publique No. 1 and None But the Lonely Heart.<mask> was previously an instructor-designer for the School of Theatre, New York City (1921–22), and was on the faculty of the American Academy of Dramatic Arts (1926–32), the Drama Workshop of the New School for Social Research (1940–41), Biarritz (Fr.) American University (1943–46), University of Toledo (1956), University of Miami (1956), New York University (1956), Bard College (1959), and Brigham Young University (1961), San Jose State College (1965), California State University (Los Angeles 1964, 1966), University of Massachusetts (Boston), Pratt Institute, Long Island University (Brooklyn), and University of Hawaii. From 1960 to 1972, he taught classes and staged plays at Southern Illinois University (Carbondale) as a Research Professor in Theater. As an Emeritus Professor on theater research, his work was anthologized


texts:
 in Best Short Plays of the World Theater' (1976). Upon his retirement he continued to teach, design, direct, and focused primarily on his playwriting. He received an Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from Southern Illinois University (1972). Other awards include the Theta Alpha Phi Award (1971); Adjudicator, American College Theatre Festival, Region VIII (1980); U.S. Institute for Theatre Technology Award (1981), Fellowship, Award, American Theatre Association (1982).He sponsored the ACTF Mordecai Gorelik Award in Scenic Design (1981) and the Southern Illinois University Mordecai Gorelik Scholarship in Scenic Design (1983). According to Anne Fletcher in Rediscovering <mask> <mask>: Scene Design and the American Theatre, “When the field was in its infancy, he influenced stage design, helped define the designer's role in the production process, and challenged the American stage in theory and practice.”

<mask> married Frances Strauss in 1936. They had two children: a son <mask> and a daughter <mask>. <mask> died on June 5, 1966. Loraine Kabler became his second wife in 1972. He died of cancer on March 7, 1990, in Sarasota, Florida. References

External links
Guide to the Mordecai Gorelik Play Scripts.Special Collections and Archives, The UC Irvine Libraries, Irvine, California. <mask> <mask> Papers, 1900-1975 at Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Special Collections Research Center. "<mask> Gorelic, Theatrical Designer and Playwright, 90", New York Times obituary, March 10, 1990

1990 deaths
1899 births
People from Zhlobin District
People from Bobruysky Uyezd
Belarusian Jews
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States
American people of Belarusian-Jewish descent
20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
American scenic designers
Broadway set designers
American theatre managers and producers
American theatre directors
Theatre designers
Southern Illinois University faculty
San Jose State

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Mordecai
Gorelik
Gorelik
Eugene Gorelik
Linda Gorelik
Frances Gorelik
Mordecai
Gorelik
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texts:
Robert Cannon "<mask>" <mask> (born August 14, 1945) is an American politician and businessman from North Carolina. A member of the Republican Party, he represented North Carolina's 8th congressional district in the House of Representatives from 1999 to 2009, and was the Republican nominee for Governor of North Carolina in 1996. <mask> served as chairman of the North Carolina Republican Party from 2011 to 2013, and from 2016 to 2019. Accused in a bribery scheme in 2019, <mask> pleaded guilty to lying to the FBI. On January 20, 2021, <mask> was pardoned by President Donald Trump. Early life, education, and early political career
<mask> was born in Concord, North Carolina, to Mariam Winslow (née Cannon) and <mask>. His great-grandfather James William Cannon founded the Cannon Mills Corporation, a Kannapolis-based textile company that was later run by his grandfather Charles Albert Cannon. He is also a descendant of Abraham Owen, a military officer killed at the Battle of Tippecanoe.<mask> graduated from Duke University. He was elected to the Concord city council in 1978 and to the North Carolina House of Representatives in 1992 where he served two terms. He was the Republican nominee for governor in 1996, but was handily defeated by Democratic incumbent Jim Hunt. <mask> owns a hosiery mill in Mount Pleasant, North Carolina. U.S. House of Representatives

Elections
1998–2000
<mask> ran for Congress in 1998 after 12-term incumbent Democrat Bill Hefner announced his retirement. He narrowly defeated Democrat Mike Taylor, winning 51%–48% with a gap of only 3,400 votes. In 2000, he defeated Taylor in a rematch 55%–44%.2002–2004
Even though a large chunk of its population is located in the conservative-leaning eastern suburbs of Charlotte, the 8th has long been considered marginally

masks:
Robin
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Robert Griffith Hayes Jr
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes


texts:
 Democratic due to a strong Democratic presence in the eastern portion of the district closer to Fayetteville. After the 2000 Census, the Democratic-controlled North Carolina General Assembly made the 8th considerably more Democratic than before. It shifted the heavily Republican western portion of Union County to the Charlotte-based 9th District. In its place, it added a heavily Democratic tendril in Mecklenburg County to the 8th, stretching from the far northeastern portion of Charlotte almost to Matthews. In 2002, he defeated Democrat Chris Kouri 54%–45%. In 2004, he defeated Democrat Beth Troutman 56%–45%. 2006

In 2006, however, <mask> was nearly defeated by Democrat Larry Kissell, a social studies teacher and former textile worker from Montgomery County.Each man won approximately 50% of the vote, making it one of the closest elections in the country. At the end, Kissell conceded defeat to <mask> after a recount; <mask> officially won the election by 329 votes. This was especially stunning since Kissell received little help from his national party until late in the campaign. Although <mask> only won three of the district's nine counties, a 6,100-vote margin in his native Cabarrus County was enough to keep him in office. 2008

In 2008, <mask> again faced Kissell. CQ Politics rated it as 'No Clear Favorite', The Rothenberg Political Report as 'Toss-Up/Tilt Democratic', and The Cook Political Report as 'Republican Toss Up'

The Sunlight Foundation reported that as of 2008, among the 435 members of the U.S. House of Representatives, <mask> had the highest amount of investment in oil stocks. <mask> came under fire late in the campaign for his comments at a rally for John McCain.On October 18, 2008, at a McCain rally, <mask> began his remarks by saying it was important to "make

masks: Hayes Hayes Hayes Hayes Hayes Hayes Hayes Hayes


texts:
 sure we don't say something stupid, make sure we don't say something we don't mean." He then accused Obama of "inciting class warfare" and said that "liberals hate real Americans that work and accomplish and achieve and believe in God." <mask> repeatedly denied that he had made the statement and accused reporters of "irresponsible journalism", until an audio recording attesting to the statement was released. A few days later at a debate hosted by the Concord and Kannapolis Independent Tribune, <mask> denied that he denied the statement, saying he was denying only the context of how the remarks were presented to him. Kissel defeated him 55%–45%. Tenure
<mask> is a staunch advocate of a federal prohibition of online poker. In 2006, he cosponsored H.R.4777, the Internet Gambling Prohibition Act. CAFTA and Trade Act
Hayes vacillated on the Central American Free Trade Agreement, which came before the House in 2005. In the weeks before the vote, <mask> stated that he was "flat-out, completely, horizontally opposed to CAFTA" because he felt it would cause further loss of textile industry jobs in his district. <mask> first voted "no" but changed to "yes" at the last minute after he was lobbied by Republican House leadership (specifically House Speaker Dennis Hastert) and textile executives, who favored CAFTA. <mask> said that he had won concessions from the George W. Bush administration on certain textile issues. The final tally was 217–215 with <mask> casting the deciding "yes" vote (a tie would have defeated the motion). <mask> played a similar role in the passage of the Trade Act of 2002, which shifted some trade agreement authority from Congress to the President.Though <mask> had said "We're a definite 'no' until we get some help on textiles," he was lobbied hard by the White House

masks: Hayes Hayes Hayes Hayes Hayes Hayes Hayes Hayes Hayes


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 and congressional leadership to vote for the measure. <mask> waited until the last minute before voting "yes," and broke down in tears on the floor of the House. NASCAR vaccine scare
In October 2007, it was revealed that House Homeland Security officials were "advised" to take vaccines before attending a NASCAR race in Concord, North Carolina. <mask> "took umbrage" when he heard about it and immediately defended the Charlotte Motor Speedway in his district and NASCAR fans nationwide. The uproar lasted for days and was covered on all major news outlets. Committee assignments
Agriculture Committee
Subcommittee on Conservation, Credit, Energy, and Research
Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry (Ranking Member)
Subcommittee on Specialty Crops, Rural Development and Foreign Agriculture
Armed Services Committee
Readiness Subcommittee
Terrorism and Unconventional Threats and Capabilities Subcommittee
Transportation and Infrastructure Committee
Subcommittee on Aviation
Subcommittee on Highways and Transit
Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment
Assistant Whip
Founding Co-Chairman of the Special Operations Forces Caucus
Co-Chairman of the Philanthropy Caucus

North Carolina Republican Party chairmanship
On January 15, 2011, <mask> was elected chairman of the North Carolina Republican Party. He completed the term of former Raleigh mayor Tom Fetzer, who decided to leave the post before his term expired.<mask> then served a full two-year term, and after the Republicans' successful 2012 election, he chose not to run for another term in 2013. In 2016, state Republicans removed their chairman, Hasan Harnett, and elected <mask> to return to the position. Bribery charge

On March 18, 2019, a federal grand jury in the Western District of North Carolina indicted <mask> on charges of

masks: Hayes Hayes Hayes Hayes Hayes Hayes


texts:
 conspiracy to commit honest services wire fraud, bribery, and three counts of making false statements to federal authorities. According to the indictment, <mask> coordinated with businessman Greg Lindberg and two other individuals in an attempt to bribe Mike Causey, the North Carolina Commissioner of Insurance, in exchange for favorable treatment of Lindberg's insurance firm and the dismissal of a deputy insurance commissioner. Lindberg was found guilty and sentenced to seven years in prison. The indictment remained sealed until April 2, when <mask> appeared in court to plead not guilty. The following day he said that he would let other Republicans assume responsibility for managing the North Carolina Republican Party until its officer elections in June.<mask> kept the title of chairman until the new elections. At their annual convention in June, North Carolina Republican Party members elected a new chairman, Michael Whatley. <mask> pleaded guilty to lying to the Federal Bureau of Investigation on October 2, 2019. President Donald Trump pardoned him on January 20, 2021. References

External links
<mask> for Congress official campaign site

Profile at SourceWatch

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1945 births
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
American Presbyterians
Candidates in the 1996 United States elections
Duke University alumni
Living people
Members of the North Carolina House of Representatives
Members of the United States House of Representatives from North Carolina
North Carolina city council members
North Carolina Republicans
People from Concord, North Carolina
Recipients of American presidential pardons
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives
State political party chairs of North Carolina
North Carolina politicians

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<mask> (born March 11, 1956) is a former American broadcaster who worked for many years as a television News presenter and reporter in Chicago. Early life and education
A native of Minnesota, <mask> majored in  journalism at the University of Minnesota, but left before earning his degree. Professional career
<mask> began his career working for Greenpeace International. He was featured in Rolling Stone magazine in November, 1981, for his efforts as a lead organizer of the largest anti-nuclear protest in U.S. history to stop the opening of the Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant in California. The report featured <mask>’s approach to maximizing media attention to environmental activism as well as his arrest on conspiracy charges for his role in the protest. The charges were later dropped. In 1983 he began his journalistic career as a freelance photographer in Honduras, Nicaragua and El Salvador, working for UPI with occasional assignments from Time Magazine.He then worked as a television reporter and presenter for WDIO-TV in Duluth from 1984 until 1985, WFTV-TV in Orlando from 1985 until 1988, and KCRA-TV in Sacramento from 1988 until 1992. He also traveled through Croatia in November 1992 and taped the fighting in that country on his home video camera, winning an Emmy Award in the San Francisco/Northern California region. In total he covered wars as a freelance reporter in Nicaragua, El Salvador and Honduras and later in Colombia for KCRA-TV(NBC) as well as Croatia, Bosnia and Serbia for KCRA and for WBBM-TV and WFLD-TV in Chicago. On 24 February 1992 he joined WBBM-TV in Chicago as a general assignment reporter. He won two more Emmys in the Chicago/Midwest region for reports from Bosnia. In 1994 his efforts were documented in the French film The Troubles We've Seen - A History of Journalism in Wartime, by Academy Award-winning director Marcel Ophüls. The film received the International Critics' Award at the Montreal World Film Festival.In September 1995 <mask> left WBBM-TV after choosing

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Jon Duncanson
Duncanson
Duncanson
Duncanson
Duncanson


texts: not to accept a contract renewal. In late October 1995 he was hired by WFLD-TV in Chicago as a 6 am news presenter, which also included providing special reports for the station's 9 pm newscast. The following year he became news presenter for WFLD's 7 am to 9 am newscast also. In 1996 <mask> made a cameo appearance in the movie Primal Fear as a location reporter. In August 1997 <mask> and his wife, TV presenter/reporter Sylvia Gomez, left WFLD to travel the world together. They traveled to Yugoslavia, England, France, Italy, India, Thailand, China, Panama, Peru and Mexico, logging more than 30,000 miles over a five-year period. Nine months were spent sailing from San Francisco, into the Sea of Cortez off Baja Mexico, ending up in Puerto Vallarta, where they purchased a seaside villa.After their first child was born in 2002 the couple received an offer from NBC News and settled down in Los Angeles and began working again as national correspondents. In 2003 <mask> and Gomez returned to Chicago's airwaves, rejoining WBBM-TV on 30 June 2003 as husband-and-wife weekend news presenters and general assignment reporters. <mask> won his fourth Emmy covering the tsunami in 2005 reporting from Banda Aceh, Indonesia. In January 2006 <mask> and Gomez were moved from their weekend news anchoring duties to full-time general assignment reporting duties. <mask> was a returning guest lecturer on Journalism and Media Issues at Columbia College in Chicago, as well as at Northwestern University's Medill School of Journalism. He served as Master of Ceremonies for the University of Chicago Hospitals Cancer Survivors Day event for three consecutive years. The events were headed by Michelle Obama, at the time VP of Marketing for U of C Hospitals.The couple left WBBM-TV at the end of 2006 and moved to their home in Mexico. In 2007 <mask> was named the public relations chief of a Mexican importer/exporter and national distributor of microbrewed craft beer. Since January 2007 <mask> and Gomez have been running

masks: Duncanson Duncanson Duncanson Duncanson Duncanson Duncanson Duncanson Duncanson


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 Aviana Productions, a video/strategic media company in the San Francisco Bay Area and Mexico. In March 2009 <mask> was invited to the West Wing of the White House and discussed how the Obama Administration could use viral video and social media to promote its political image and agenda. In 2010 the couple produced a campaign film and served as advisors for Mario Lopez Valdez, the sitting federal senator from Sinaloa, Mexico, in his campaign for governor there. In a surprise upset, Lopez Valdez won the election. In July 2010 <mask> and Gomez, through Aviana Productions, won a North American Aegis Award for a marketing film produced with golfing legend Jack Nicklaus.At year's end the couple won two more Aegis Awards for films produced for the luxury Mexican resorts Palmasola, and Imanta Resorts, both located near Puerto Vallarta. Aviana’s clients have included Accel Partners, Atlassian, Intel Corp., Deloitte, Greg Norman, Punta Mita, and Stanford University, among others. <mask> and Gomez broadened their company to include coaching C-Suite executives for public presentations, TEDTalks and IPO tours. Since its inception, Aviana Productions has garnered 40 communications awards. <mask> has continued lecturing on media issues at various locales including the Mita Tech Talks in Punta Mita, Mexico as well as at Stanford University Law School. He was featured with his wife, Sylvia, on the Sirius XM satellite radio show, Launch Pad in 2018, sponsored by the Wharton School of Business. Personal
In 1992, <mask> began dating Chicago TV reporter Sylvia Gomez.The couple was engaged early in 1995, and married on October 13, 1995 in a ceremony presided over by Cook County Clerk and former Chicago Mayor David Orr. Their first child, Ian Gomez <mask>, was born in June 2002. The couple have homes in California and in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico. References

External links

1956 births
Living people
University of Minnesota School of Journalism and Mass Communication alumni
American broadcasters
People from

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<mask> (born 16 January 1947) is a British former Conservative Member of Parliament. A member of the Monday Club, he represented Basildon from 1979 to 1983 and Billericay from 1983 to 1987. <mask> became embroiled in a scandal involving sexual relationships with males under 21 which culminated in criminal convictions and ended his parliamentary career. Early life and career
<mask> was born in Pontefract in the West Riding of Yorkshire, going to the Scarborough High School for Boys and then the University of York where he read history. He had joined the Young Conservatives at the age of 14 in 1961, and was chairman of York University Conservative Association from 1967 to 1969. In the summer of 1967, while chairman-elect of the association, he was invited to produce a number of half-hour political programmes for broadcast on offshore Radio 270, which included interviews with MPs John Biggs-Davison and Patrick Wall. <mask> became an active member of the Monday Club.He was the club's assistant director from 1969 to 1971, and a member of its executive council from 1983 until he stood down as an MP in 1987. In 1973, he moved to purge members of the National Front from the Monday Club. In the previous year <mask>, then working as a researcher for anti-Common Market Conservative MPs who tried to stop Britain entering the European Communities (EC), had been adopted as candidate for Hackney South and Shoreditch. He fought the seat at both the February and October general elections of 1974. In parliament

<mask> won the selection for Basildon in 1978. The seat was not expected to be easy for the Conservatives to win, but <mask> was elected in the 1979 election after a campaign in which he argued in favour of restricting the number of "coloured" immigrants. He returned to this theme, also advocating payment for repatriation, during his first term in Parliament.Originally as secretary of the Monday

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Keith Harvey Proctor
Proctor
Harvey Proctor
Proctor
Proctor
Proctor
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texts:
 Club's Northern Ireland Policy Committee, he backed calls from MPs of the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) for Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher to implement her 1979 Conservative manifesto commitment to "establish one or more elected regional councils in Northern Ireland with a wide range of powers over local services" in place of the 1982-86 Northern Ireland Assembly, and also opposed the Anglo-Irish Agreement. This earned him the admiration and support of the UUP leader James Molyneaux (later Lord Molyneaux) and the UUP chief whip, Willie Ross. <mask> opposed, on libertarian grounds, the call to boycott the Moscow Olympics of 1980. He also opposed establishing the Northern Ireland Assembly in 1982, voted for the return of capital punishment, and rebelled on votes over the EC. In the 1983 election <mask>'s seat was divided, and he moved with the more Conservative-voting part to the new Billericay seat. He was chairman of the Monday Club's Immigration and Repatriation Committee (later renamed, under him, the Immigration and Race Relations Committee). He made a bid for election as the club's chairman in April 1982, but was defeated.Resignation and trial
In June 1986, The People newspaper published claims that <mask> had taken part in sexual relationships with male prostitutes aged between 17 and 21, in his London flat in exchange for money, and took indecent photos of them with a Polaroid camera. The age of consent for same-sex prostitution was still 21 in 1986 (although 18 for opposite-sex prostitution), and the following year <mask> was charged with gross indecency and resigned his candidature. He was succeeded as MP by Teresa Gorman at the general election. At his trial in May 1987, <mask> pleaded guilty to four acts of gross indecency with a 17-year-old boy and a 19-year-old man and was fined a total of £1,450. Shirtmaker
Following his resignation, <mask>'s, in Richmond, Greater London. The

masks: Proctor Proctor Proctor Proctor Proctor Proctorctor


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 shop was launched with a £75,000 fund organised by Tristan Garel-Jones MP. A second shop was later opened in Knightsbridge.Several Conservative politicians invested in the shop, including Michael Heseltine and Jeffrey Archer, and by 1994 eleven Conservative MPs were shareholders in its parent company, Cottonrose Ltd. Proctor's shirts were also worn by the Prime Minister, John Major. In 1992, <mask> was a victim of a homophobic attack in his shop. Neil Hamilton MP was present at the time, and defended <mask>. Hamilton suffered a broken nose in the incident. Two men were later imprisoned for the assault. By 1994, the shops were £150,000 in debt. <mask> said that "It has been quite a struggle to survive.It has not been helped by press comment every six months that we are closing down". The shops went into liquidation in 2000. In 2003, <mask> became the private secretary to David Manners, 11th Duke of Rutland, at Belvoir Castle, Leicestershire. Operation Midland investigation
On 4 March 2015, <mask>'s home, on the Belvoir estate, was searched by the Metropolitan Police as part of the Operation Midland investigation into allegations of historical child sexual abuse and related homicides. <mask> denied any wrongdoing in an interview with the Today programme. He retired from his job with the Duke and Duchess of Rutland on 25 March 2015, "with immediate effect". <mask> was questioned by the police regarding the allegations in June, and again in August 2015.He held a press conference at St Ermin's Hotel, London on 25 August 2015, and gave several media interviews. He described the inquiry as a "homosexual witch hunt", stating "I'm a homosexual. I'm not a murderer or a paedophile. I'm completely innocent of all these allegations." On 21 March 2016, <mask> was told that he would face no further action. He was the last living person under investigation by Operation Midland, and called for an

masks: Proctor Proctor Proctor Proctor Proctor Proctor Proctor Proctor


texts: independent inquiry into it, for the resignations of senior officers involved, and for his accuser to be prosecuted for perverting the course of justice. <mask> wrote an open letter to all MPs published in The Daily Telegraph on 21 March 2016.The Metropolitan Police closed Operation Midland with no charges brought and no files passed to the Crown Prosecution Service. <mask> held a further press conference on 29 March 2016 and was interviewed on many news outlets including BBC, ITV, Sky News and Channel 4 News and BBC Newsnight programmes. Following the publication of Sir Richard Henriques' Report on Operation Midland and other police investigations on 8 November 2016, Sir Bernard Hogan-Howe, the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis, apologised to <mask> and others for the over 40 mistakes made by the Metropolitan Police service in Operation Midland. He said <mask> was innocent of all the allegations. On 15 November 2016 Hogan-Howe met <mask> at Hogan-Howe's request in Dean's Yard, London and repeated his apology for the MPS's mistakes. <mask> sued the Metropolitan Police in February 2017. On 10 October 2017, <mask> criticised Mike Veale, the Chief Constable of Wiltshire Police, for allegedly "trashing" his reputation a second time by reviving claims of an establishment paedophile ring.Veale had called for a fresh inquiry into claims of cover-up and conspiracy in Westminster. In June 2019 <mask> appeared at Newcastle Crown Court where he gave evidence at the trial of Carl Beech, who was accused of lying to police about the alleged VIP paedophile ring investigated by Operation Midland. <mask> said "The allegations are wrong, malicious, false, horrendous" and later explained that intense media interest, following the police raid, had led to him losing his job and then him deciding to move to Spain as the UK "wasn't safe". At that trial, Beech was convicted for making false claims against

masks: Proctor Proctor Proctor Proctor Proctor Proctor Proctor Proctor Proctor


texts:
 <mask> and other victims, and sentenced to 18 years' imprisonment. In September 2019, <mask> criticised the Independent Office for Police Conduct for clearing the Met officers who investigated allegations made by Beech. <mask> claimed that "to fail to condemn this police misbehaviour in the strongest terms and at the first opportunity, is a dereliction of duty". In November 2019, it was reported that <mask> received a £900,000 payout in compensation and legal fees from the Metropolitan Police as a result of the police force's handling of the failed Operation Midland.Publications
 Immigration, Repatriation, & the C.R.E., by K<mask> <mask>, MP, John R. Pinniger, MA, with a foreword by Sir Ronald Bell, QC, MP, published by the Monday Club, 1981, (P/B)
 Immigration - An Untenable Situation by K<mask> <mask>, MP, and John R. Pinniger, MA, Policy Paper from the Monday Club's Immigration and Repatriation Policy Committee, October 1981
 Race Relations & Immigration by K<mask> <mask>, MP, and John R. Pinniger, MA, Policy Paper from the Monday Club's Immigration & Race Relations Committee, October 1982
 Blackpool Revisited, (calling for an examination of the Immigration issue), in Right Ahead, Monday Club newspaper, October 1985 Conservative Party Conference issue
 Credible and True. The Political and  Personal Memoir of K. <mask>ctor, published in hard back by Biteback Publishing on 29 March 2016

References

1947 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of York
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
English fashion designers
English victims of crime
Gay politicians
LGBT fashion designers
Politicians from Pontefract
Politics of the Borough of Basildon
Political sex scandals in the United Kingdom
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
LGBT politicians from England
LGBT members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
False allegations of sex crimes
People educated at Scarborough High

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<mask> OBE (12 March 1878 – 16 December 1964) was a British political activist known for her defence of women's rights in the 1910–1920s and later involvement with British fascism. She is chiefly noted as one of the early leaders of the Women's Police Volunteers. <mask> repeatedly sought to challenge or modernise the existing systems of the time, ensuring the Women's Police Service could become an auxiliary force after women were admitted into certain British police forces. She stood once for the House of Commons as an Independent Liberal, turning over her Women's Auxiliary Service to breaking the General Strike of 1926. Thereafter she met and talked with European fascists and anti-communist brigades, entailing frequent trips abroad and publicly joining the British Union of Fascists in 1939. In retirement <mask> was an activist for animal rights. Early years
<mask> was born to a well-to-do family in Cardiff in 1878, one of the ten children of <mask>, Chief Superintendent of the Great Western Railway.<mask> was close to her sisters, all of whom had a tendency to religious mysticism. She was educated at home and later at Princess Helena College. She left home at the age of thirty in 1908 after a disagreement with her father about women's suffrage (not going back home until he died in December 1911). <mask> joined Emmeline Pankhurst's Women's Social and Political Union, becoming an organiser in the South West, and later in Edinburgh. She was imprisoned three times in 1909 for smashing windows, including at the Inland Revenue and Liberal Club in Bristol and at the Home Office, twice went on hunger-strike, and was force-fed on the last occasion, for which she was awarded a Hunger Strike Medal ' for Valour' by Emmeline

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 Pethick-Lawrence. Whilst in prison she, with others were sewing prison shirts secretly embroidered messages such as 'Votes for Women' in the shirt tails. First World War
At the outbreak of the First World War, militant suffragist activities ceased.<mask> turned down an offer of work with a needlework guild (see for example Queen Mother's Clothing Guild) and looked around for a more active occupation. She heard that a number of women were trying to set up a women's police force and, in 1914, she joined Nina Boyle's Women Police Volunteers. This was taken over by Margaret Damer Dawson in 1915 and renamed the Women Police Service (WPS), with <mask> as second-in-command. They designed their own uniform and opened training schools in London and Bristol. They saw their role as mainly dealing with women and children and rescuing women from "vice" (prostitution) and 'white slavery'. <mask> served at Grantham and Kingston upon Hull, overseeing the morals of women in the vicinity of army barracks. She went on to police munitions factories which employed large numbers of women.She also worked in London, where 'khaki fever' was perceived as a problem. Child welfare work led the WPS to set up a benevolent department and a home for mothers and babies. <mask> was awarded the OBE for services during the War. <mask> and Margaret Damer Dawson cropped their hair and assumed a severe military appearance, and <mask> wore her police uniform in public for the rest of her life. In 1915 Dawson made a will which left everything to <mask>; when Dawson died unexpectedly in 1920, <mask> assumed the role of WPS Commandant. After the War, the WPS was expected to disband: the authorities saw no further need of that organisation. The Metropolitan

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 Police (the Met) set up its own women's division and accused the WPS of masquerading as Metropolitan policewomen.<mask> was even arrested in 1921 for wearing a Metropolitan Police uniform before it was decided that her activities, which included producing dossiers on left-wing activists, were harmless and she should be allowed to continue wearing it. The WPS changed their name to the Women's Auxiliary Service (WAS) and, with minor modifications to their uniform, carried on as before, setting up a further training school in Edinburgh. The Government appointed the Baird Committee to investigate the activities of the WAS. Despite no longer being recognised by the authorities, <mask> was invited by the Government to travel to Germany and advise on the policing of the British Army of the Rhine. This semi-acceptance encouraged her to represent herself overseas as chief of the British women police. She travelled in uniform and was welcomed by police authorities in Europe and in South and North America. Politics

In November 1922 <mask> stood unsuccessfully for Parliament as a candidate for Westminster St George's.During the General Strike of 1926 <mask> was involved with the Organisation for the Maintenance of Supplies and turned her Women's Auxiliary Service over to the strike-breaking movement. <mask> learned to fly. She attended international police congresses in Austria and Germany. She also visited the Netherlands, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Turkey and Brazil, advising on the training of police women. She travelled to Egypt in 1936 on holiday (wearing her uniform), but was received as if sent by the police authorities in Britain. Her interest in combatting prostitution continued to be a preoccupation, and she attended the

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texts: League of Nations conference in Geneva on the traffic in women. Wherever she went, she was perceived by many as the leading British policewoman.She did nothing to discourage the impression, and made contact with police chiefs and political leaders all over Europe.The Home Office began to take an interest in <mask>'s activities in 1927. She was becoming an embarrassment and a nuisance to the Government, partly because of her acceptance abroad as representing the British authorities, and partly because she was mistaken for a Metropolitan police officer at home. Home Office records covering the period 1927–1934 reveal that she kept dossiers on people she suspected of activities connected with vice and white slavery. She was also suspected of fascist activities, and articles by or about her in national newspapers increased the Home Office surveillance. <mask> met a number of fascist leaders abroad, including Eoin O'Duffy in Ireland, Franco in Spain, Mussolini in Italy, and Hitler and Göring in Germany. Although her links to Oswald Mosley's British Union of Fascists were unofficial until 1939, she engaged in various militant activities, including the formation of the Women's Reserve in 1933, which was intended to serve the country in the event of subversive forces taking over. The publicity for the Women's Reserve reveals her fascist sympathies, and her fear of communism.She met Hitler in 1934 and discussed women police with him. She was captivated by Hitler and expressed her admiration for him in public. Once she had joined the British Union of Fascists, she wrote numerous articles for its newspapers and openly declared herself to be a fascist. A Suspension Order under the Defence of the Realm Act 1914 was made against her

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 when suspicions arose about her contacts with Germany. Her home was searched, and internment was considered, but not implemented. She was suspected of making flights to Germany, and acting as a spy for the Nazis, but this was never proved. Following the outbreak of the Second World War <mask> joined the Women's Voluntary Service but also became a regular speaker at BUF peace rallies.Outrage followed with Daily Herald, Daily Mirror and News Chronicle stories calling for <mask>'s removal from the WVS, particularly after comments in which she refused to condemn Hitler were published. Due to her close connections to Mosley and Barry Domvile, Special Branch regarded <mask> with some suspicion. There were also questions in the House of Commons from the Labour MP Glenvil Hall in June 1940 as to whether <mask>'s continued nominal presence on the Advisory Council of the Women's Voluntary Service represented a security risk. After a review of her activities and a study of her personality and associates, the government declined to detain her under Defence Regulation 18B. The final report was dismissive, describing her as a "crank...trailing round in a ridiculous uniform". Eventually however she was placed under a lesser form of detention as a precaution, being restricted to within a five-mile radius of her Cornwall home and banned from using cars, bicycles, telephones and the wireless. Personal life
<mask> was known as 'Robert' by her close circle of female friends, and she was called 'Sir' by her officers.Her friends included Margaret Damer Dawson, Isobel Goldingham and Helen Bourn Tagart, all of whom she met in her policing days. She wrote three volumes of autobiography: The Pioneer Policewoman (1925), A Woman at the Cross Roads


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 (1934), and Lady in Blue (1936). A Woman at the Cross Roads reveals aspects of her life and philosophy but is reticent about her private life. It was written at the time when <mask> met Hitler, and her political views are made plain: she was at a crossroads in her life because she was looking at fascism as a solution to the world problems that she perceived. She also wrote numerous articles for newspapers and magazines, and founded The Policewomen’s Review, which ran from 1927 to 1937, to which she was a major contributor. Few details of <mask>'s personal life are available after the Second World War. She continued to be associated with Mosley and other fascists, including Norah Elam with whom she had shared a lifelong friendship.Both had been members of the WSPU, and as militant suffragettes had undergone force feeding. They both turned to animal activism after the demise of the Mosley movement, being staunch anti-vivisectionists and members of the London and Provincial Anti-Vivisection Society. She always had a strong interest in religion, without any particular affiliation. She converted to Roman Catholicism in 1953, and died in a nursing home in Croydon at the age of 86, attended by her sister, Christine. <mask>'s biographer Nina Boyd suggests that in the novel That Hideous Strength by C. S. Lewis the character of "Fairy" Hardcastle, an epicene ex-suffragette turned security director for a tyrannical progressive organisation, is based on <mask>. References

Sources
<mask>, <mask>. (1925) The Pioneer Policewoman, London: Chatto & Windus
<mask>, <mask>. and Heyneman, Julie H. (1934) A Woman at the Cross Roads, London: Unicorn Press
<mask>, <mask>. (1936) Lady in Blue, London: Stanley Paul
National Archives, PRO

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 HO144/21933
Boyd, Nina (2013), From Suffragette to Fascist: The Many Lives of <mask> <mask>, Stroud: The History Press

External links

1878 births
1964 deaths
British fascists
British Union of Fascists politicians
British women in politics
Liberal Party (UK) politicians
Politicians from Cardiff
Edwardian era
British anti-communists
LGBT politicians from Wales
British women police officers
Women's Social and Political Union
Hunger Strike Medal

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<mask> (; Arabic: Yunius, 4 – c. 70 AD) was a prominent writer on agriculture in the Roman empire. His De re rustica in twelve volumes has been completely preserved and forms an important source on Roman agriculture, together with the works of Cato the Elder and Varro, both of which he occasionally cites. A smaller book on trees, De arboribus, is usually attributed to him. In 1794 the Spanish botanists Jose Antonio Pavón y Jimenez and Hipólito Ruiz López named a genus of Peruvian asterid Columellia in his honour. Personal life
Little is known of Columella's life. He was probably born in Gades, Hispania Baetica (modern Cádiz), possibly to Roman parents. After a career in the army (he was tribune in Syria in 35), he turned to farming his estates at Ardea, Carseoli, and Alba in Latium.De re rustica
In ancient times, <mask>'s work "appears to have been but little read", cited only by Pliny the Elder, Servius, Cassiodorus, and Isidorus, and having fallen "into almost complete neglect" after Palladius published an abridgement of it. This book is presented as advice to a certain Publius Silvinus. Previously known only in fragments, the complete book was among those discovered in monastery libraries in Switzerland and France by Poggio Bracciolini and his assistant Bartolomeo di Montepulciano during the Council of Constance, between 1414 and 1418. Structure of De re rustica ("On Rural Affairs"):
soils
viticulture
fruits
olive trees
big animals: cattle, horses and mules
small animals: asses, sheep, goats, pigs,

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 dogs
fish and fowl: chickens, doves, thrushes, peacocks, Numidian chicken and guinea fowl, geese, ducks, fish ponds
wild animals: enclosures for wild animals, bee-keeping, production of honey and wax
gardens
personnel management
calendars
household management

Book 10 is written entirely in dactylic hexameter verse, in imitation of or homage to, Virgil. It may initially have been intended to be the concluding volume, books 11 and 12 being perhaps an addition to the original scheme. A complete but anonymous translation into English was published by Andrew Millar in 1745. Excerpts had previously been translated by Richard Bradley.De arboribus

The short work De arboribus, "On Trees", is in manuscripts and early editions of Columella considered as book 3 of De Re Rustica. However it is clear from the opening sentences that it is part of a separate and possibly earlier work. As the anonymous translator of the Millar edition notes, there is in De arboribus no mention of the Publius Silvinus to whom the De Re Rustica is addressed. A recent critical edition of the Latin text of the De Re Rustica of Columella includes it, but as incerti auctoris, by an unknown hand. Cassiodorus mentions sixteen books of Columella, which has led to the suggestion that De arboribus formed part of a work in four volumes. Sources
In addition to Cato the Elder and Varro, <mask> used many sources that are no longer extant and for which he is one of the few references. These include works by Aulus Cornelius Celsus, the Carthaginian


texts:
 writer Mago, Tremellius Scrofa, and many Greek sources.His uncle <mask>, "a clever man and an exceptional farmer" (VII.2.30), had conducted experiments in sheep breeding, crossing colourful wild rams, introduced from Africa for gladiatorial games, with domestic sheep, and may have influenced his nephew's interests. Columella owned farms in Italy; he refers specifically to estates at Ardea, Carseoli, and Alba, and speaks repeatedly of his own practical experience in agriculture. Principal early editions
The earliest editions of Columella group his works with those on agriculture of Cato the Elder, Varro Reatinus and Palladius. Some modern library catalogues follow Brunet in listing these under "Rei rusticae scriptores" or "Scriptores rei rusticae". Iunii Moderati Columellae hortulus [Rome: Printer of Silius Italicus, ca. 1471] (book X only)
 Georgius Merula, Franciscus Colucia (eds.) De re rustica Opera et impensa Nicolai Ienson: Venetiis, 1472.Lucii Iunii Moderati Columellae de Cultu hortorum Liber .xi. quem .Pub. Virgilius .M. i[n] Georgicis Posteris edendum dimisit. [Padova]: D[ominicus] S[iliprandus], [ca. 1480]
 Opera Agricolationum: Columellæ: Varronis: Catonisque: nec non Palladii: cū excriptionibus .D. Philippi Beroaldi: & commentariis quæ in aliis impressionibus non extāt.Impensis Benedicti hectoris: Bonon., xiii. calen. octob. [19 Sept.], 1494
 Beroaldo, Filippo "il vecchio" Oratio de felicitate habita in enarratione Georgicon Virgilii et Columellae Bononiae: per Ioannemantonium De Benedictis,


texts:
 1507
 Lucii Junii moderati Columell[ae] de cultu hortorum carme[n] : Necno[n] [et] Palladius de arboru[m] insitione una cu[m] Nicolai Barptholomaei Lochensis hortulo. Parisiis: Venundantur parisiis in aedibus Radulphi Laliseau [printed by Jean Marchant], [1512] (poetry sections only)
 <mask>, Lucius Iunius Moderatus Columella De cultu ortorum. Interprete Pio Bononiensi. Impressum Bononiae: a Hieronymo de Benedictis bibliopola et calcographo, 1520 mense Augusto
 Libri De Re Rustica...Additis Nuper Commentariis Iunii Pompo.Fortunati in Librum De Cultu Hortorum, Cum Adnotationibus Philippi Beroaldi... Florence: Filippo Giunta, 1521
 De re rustica libri XII. Euisdem de Arboris liber, separatus ab aliis. Lyon, Sébastien Gryphe, 1541
 <mask>, Lucius Iunius Moderatus De l'agricoltura libri XII. / Lutio Giunio Moderato Columella. Trattato de gli alberi, tradotto nuouamente di latino in lingua italiana per Pietro Lauro Modonese In Venetia: [Michele Tramezzino il vecchio], 1544
 Les Douze livres des choses rustiques. Traduicts de Latin en François, par feu maistre Claude Cotereau Chanoine de Paris. La traduction duquel ha esté soingneusement reveue & en la plupart corrigée, & illustrée de doctes annotations par maistre Jean Thierry de Beauvoisis Paris: Jacques Kerver, 1551, 1555
 <mask>, Lucius Junius Moderatus Les douze liures ... des choses rustiques, tr.par C. Cotereau. La tr. corrigée & illustrée de doctes annotations par J. Thiery de Beauoisis Paris, 1555
 <mask>, Lucius Iunius Moderatus Lutio Giunio

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texts:
 Moderato Columella De l'agricoltura libri XII. Trattato de gli alberi del medesimo, tradotto nuouamente di latino in lingua italiana per Pietro Lauro modonese. In Venetia: per Geronimo Caualcalouo, 1559
 Reprinted: In Venetia: appresso Nicolò Beuilacqua, 1564
 Orsini, Fulvio Notae ad M. Catonem, M. Varronem, L. <mask>m de re rustica. Ad kalend. rusticum Farnesianum & veteres inscriptiones Fratrum Arvalium.Iunius Philargyrius in Bucolica & Georgica Virgilij. Notae ad Servium in Bucol. Georg. & Aeneid. Virg. Velius Longus de orthographia : ex bibliotheca Fulvi Ursini Romae: in aedib. S.P.Q.R.apud Georgium Ferrarium, 1587
 Bradley, Richard A Survey of the Ancient Husbandry and Gardening collected from Cato, Varro, <mask>, Virgil, and others, the most eminent writers among the Greeks & Romans: wherein many of the most difficult passages in those authors are explain'd ... Adorn'd with cuts, etc. London: B. Motte, 1725
 Gesner, Johann Matthias (ed.) Scriptores Rei Rusticae veteres Latini Cato, Varro, <mask>, Palladius, quibus nunc accedit Vegetius de Mulo-Medicina et Gargilii Martialis fragmentum (Ausoni Popinæ De instrumento fundi liber. J. B. Morgagni epist. IV.) cum editionibus prope omnibus et MSS.pluribus collati: adjectae notae virorum clariss, integræ ... et lexicon Rei Rusticae curante Io. Matthia Gesnero Lipsiae: sumtibus Caspari Fritsch, 1735 (full text)
 Lucius Junius Moderatus <mask> (trans. Anon.) L. Junius Moderatus <mask> of Husbandry, in Twelve Books: and his book, concerning Trees. Translated

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 into English, with illustrations from Pliny, Cato, Varro, Palladius and other ancient and modern authors London: A. Millar, 1745

References

Further reading

 Baldwin, Barry. 1963. "Columella’s Sources and How He Used Them."Latomus 22:785–791. Bertoni, D. 2017. “Geometry and Genre in Columella.” American Journal of Philology. 138.3: 527-554. Carandini, Andrea. 1983. "Columella’s Vineyard and the Rationality of the Roman Economy."Opus 2:177–204. Carroll, Peter D. 1976. "Columella the Reformer." Latomus 35:783–790. Doody, Aude. 2007. "Virgil the Farmer?Critiques of the Georgics in Columella and Pliny." Classical Philology. 102.2: 180-197. Dumont, Jean Christian. 2008. "Columella and Vergil." Vergilius 54:49–59.Forster, E. S. 1950. "Columella and His Latin Treatise on Agriculture." Greece and Rome 19:123–128. Gowers, Emily. 2000. "Vegetable Love: Virgil, Columella, and Garden Poetry." Ramus 29:127–148.Henderson, John. 2002. "Columella's Living Hedge: the Roman Gardening Book." The Journal of Roman Studies 92: 110-133. Olson, L. 1943. "Columella and the Beginning of Soil Science." Agricultural History'' 17:65–72.External links

 Works by Columella at Perseus Digital Library
 Complete text in Latin at The Latin Library
 Books I‑IV in English translation at LacusCurtius

AD 4 births
70 deaths
1st-century Romans
1st-century writers
Latin-language writers
Ancient Roman writers
Silver Age Latin writers
Geoponici
Moderatus <mask>, Lucius
People from Cádiz
Romans from Hispania
Hispania


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<mask> (born January 2, 1961) is an American veterinarian and perennial candidate for public office in Idaho and Wyoming. Early life
<mask> was born on January 2, 1961, in Tetonia, Idaho and was raised in Eastern Idaho. <mask> is a veterinarian, former elk rancher and author of the recently released book titled, "A Nation Divided: The War For America's Soul". Political Campaigns
<mask> is a perennial candidate for public office in Idaho and Wyoming. Idaho Elections
He ran unsuccessfully in the 2008 Idaho senatorial election against Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Jim Risch, polling 5.4% of the vote. In 2009 announced that he would seek the Republican nomination for governor in the 2010 Idaho gubernatorial election.He came in second to Incumbent Governor Butch Otter, polling 42,436 (26%) to Otter's 89,117 (54.6%). <mask> defeated Otter in two counties and tied him in another. <mask>'s top county was Benewah where he polled nearly 58% of the vote to Otter's 33%. <mask>'s number two county was Idaho County where he polled 46% to Otter's 40%. Both candidates polled 43% in Boundary County, with Otter receiving two votes more than <mask>. In 2012, <mask> ran in the Republican primary for District 7 in the Idaho House of Representatives, but came in second place out of 3 candidates with 30.3% of the vote. Wyoming Elections
In 2016, <mask> ran for United States Congress in the State of Wyoming as a Republican and took 7th place, losing to Liz Cheney.In 2018, <mask> ran for Governor of Wyoming in 2018 as a Constitution Party candidate and took 3rd, losing to Mark Gordon. In 2021, <mask> announced that he would seek the Republican nomination for Governor of Wyoming against Mark Gordon. Elections

Controversies

Obama threats
In August 2009, while at a town hall meeting opposing proposed national health care legislation, <mask> was briefly involved in a controversy when it was reported that he had joked about seeking a license to hunt President Barack Obama. The

masks:
Rex Floyd Rammell
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 controversy stemmed from an event that <mask> had attended in Twin Falls, Idaho where he was speaking to a group of sportsmen about the upcoming wolf hunt when a woman in the audience asked, "what about Obama tags?" <mask> replied in jest, "yeah, we'd buy some of those." <mask> later apologized for his actions. Constitution to "Hang by a Thread" in the last days

In January 2010, <mask> faced controversy when he invited friends of his to a meeting to discuss a prophecy of Joseph Smith which purportedly stated that the Constitution would "hang by a thread" in the last days before the elders of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) would save it.<mask> had never mentioned the so-called White Horse prophecy but mentioned the alleged quote by Joseph Smith in an effort to resonate <mask>'s perceived seriousness of the political climate to fellow members of his church. The LDS Church disavowed these meetings, and <mask> later apologized for not making them public. Legal Problems

Elk Hunt
In August 2006, nearly 160 elk escaped from <mask>'s Chief Joseph hunting preserve just ten miles outside of Yellowstone National Park. In September 2006, facing pressure from anti game farming advocates, Idaho Governor Jim Risch ordered an emergency hunt to kill the loose elk from <mask>'s ranch. In September 2006, <mask> was charged with obstructing a police officer after he refused to get off a dead elk that had been killed by authorities. <mask> was upset that the Fish and Game officer had killed his elk right in front of his capture pen. Following a 12 hours trial, he was acquitted by a six-person jury in Fremont County, Idaho in March 2007.When <mask>'s daughter won the Miss Idaho USA pageant in 2007, she caused controversy by refusing to have her picture taken with Risch because of Risch's executive order that allowed the killing of <mask>'s elk. Later, Governor Risch refused to apologize for his actions. Illegal elk kill
On November 30, 2010, <mask>

masks: Rammell Rammell Rammell Rammell Rammell Rammell Rammell Rammell Rammell Rammell Rammell Rammell Rammell Rammell


texts:
 was cited by the Idaho Department of Fish and Game after he killed a cow elk  in the wrong hunting zone. On December 23, 2010, <mask> pleaded not guilty to charges of possessing wildlife taken unlawfully. Prior to trial, <mask> handed out literature from the "Fully Informed Jury" website to all jurists that day describing their rights as jurists. He was then arrested again for felony jury tampering which was later reduced to Contempt of Court and was given a withheld judgement, meaning it would not recorded on his record. Rammel was found guilty of the wildlife charge in July 2011.He appealed using the defense that he did not have criminal intent and had only made a simple mistake, citing an Idaho law that stated a person could not be held to a crime if the alleged crime was committed by mistake. The conviction was upheld in the Idaho Appellate court. Defies authorities
On December 15, 2010, at a town hall meeting held in Idaho County, Idaho, <mask> encouraged a crowd of about 100 supporters to defy Federal authorities by killing wolves while at the same time being careful not to face federal penalties

Branding Inspections
In May 2021, <mask> was found guilty for not having proper brand inspections for four horses and a colt. Personal life
<mask> has been married to his wife Lynda since 1983 and they have four children; the eldest, Amanda, was Miss Idaho USA in 2007. He is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. <mask> announced on June 14, 2012, that his family was moving from Rexburg, Idaho to Torrington, Wyoming, so that he could take a veterinarian job. References

External links

1961 births
Living people
American activists
American Latter Day Saints
American veterinarians
Male veterinarians
Idaho Republicans
People from Rock Springs, Wyoming
People from Torrington, Wyoming
People from Rexburg, Idaho
People from Teton County, Idaho
Wyoming Republicans
Idaho politicians convicted of crimes
Candidates in the 2018 United States

masks: Rammell Rammell Rammell Rammell Rammell Rammell


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Commodore <mask> (November 9, 1795 – June 14, 1871) was an officer in the United States Navy during the War of 1812, the Second Barbary War and the Mexican–American War. He later served in the Confederate Navy during the American Civil War. Schooling and War of 1812
<mask> was the son of <mask>, who was Governor and U.S. Senator from Georgia. He was born on his father's Bonaventure Plantation, near Savannah, Georgia. After studying in England, he was appointed a midshipman on January 1, 1812, and attended the Naval academy at Washington, D.C., until 1 August when he was assigned to the frigate Constellation. When his ship tried to slip out to sea, the strong British squadron operating in the Chesapeake Bay forced her to put into Norfolk, Virginia.Constellation remained bottled up in Hampton Roads for the duration of the War of 1812, but Tattnall and his comrades still managed to get into the fray. He was among the 100 or so sailors and marines assigned to the shore battery on Craney Island. On June 22, 1813, the British attempted to carry the island by storm in preparation for an attack on nearby Norfolk. Tattnall's battery and a force of American boats gave the attackers a sound rebuff that deterred the British from further attempts to take the city. In April 1814, Midshipman <mask> was detached from Constellation and, by August 24, was in command of a force of employees from the Washington Navy Yard. He led them into the Battle of Bladensburg in an unsuccessful effort to stop the British advance on the American capital. On October 14, he was ordered to Savannah for duty on Epervier.In May 1815, that sloop sailed for the Mediterranean with Commodore Stephen Decatur's squadron to engage the Barbary Pirates in Algiers in the Second Barbary War. On June 17, she participated in the capture of the frigate Mashouda and, two days later, of the brig Estedio. In July, when Epervier was

masks:
Josiah Tattnall
Josiah
Josiah Tattnall
Tattnall


texts:
 ordered back to the United States with dispatches, Tattnall remained in the Mediterranean in Constellation. In January 1817, he transferred to Ontario and returned in her to the United States. Interwar years, 1818–1845
Promoted to lieutenant on April 1, 1818, Tattnall was assigned to the frigate Macedonian on June 30, and he sailed in her for the Pacific in November. He was detached from Macedonian on August 30, 1820, and returned to the United States. Ordered to Norfolk on December 26, 1822, he joined Commodore David Porter's squadron in schooner Jackall.Lieutenant Tattnall served in the West Indies on an expedition to suppress piracy until he was detached on May 4, 1823. On June 23, 1824, Tattnall was ordered to Constitution for Mediterranean service. In March 1826, he transferred to Brandywine and returned home in her in May. On the 15th of that month, he was granted six months leave, which was later extended into 1828. Tattnall served in Erie from October 1828 to August 1829 and then went on to survey the Tortugas until March 1830. Lt. Tattnall took command of schooner Grampus on April 15, 1831, and cruised the West Indies and the Gulf of Mexico. In August 1832, he captured the Mexican schooner, Montezuma, which had boarded and robbed an American ship on the high seas.He was detached from Grampus in September 1832 and went on leave awaiting orders for almost four years before being ordered in, July 1836, to recruit men for Captain Thomas ap Catesby Jones' survey and exploration expedition. Tattnall was promoted to commander on February 25, 1836, and, in April, reported for a three-year tour of duty at the Boston Navy Yard. Mexican–American War
Following service with the Mediterranean and African squadrons, Commander <mask> joined the Mosquito Division in the Gulf of Mexico in 1846, commanding the steam gunboat, Spitfire. During the Mexican–American War, he took part in the


texts:
 attacks on Vera Cruz, San Juan d'Ulloa, and Tuxpan, and he suffered an arm wound. For his gallantry before Vera Cruz, the state of Georgia presented him with a sword. Interwar years, 1848–1860

In 1848 and 1849, he returned to shore duty at the Boston Navy Yard. On February 5, 1850, he was commissioned captain and, the following month, was given command of Saranac.Next, he commanded the Pensacola Navy Yard from July 1851 to June 1854. From August 1854 to November 1855, Captain <mask> was flag captain in Independence to Commodore William Mervine with the Pacific Squadron. At Hong Kong on January 29, 1858, he relieved Commodore James Armstrong taking command of the East India Squadron, breaking his flag in San Jacinto. During his two years in the Far East, Commodore Tattnall violated American neutrality while commanding the chartered steamer Toey-Wan, when he came to the assistance of a British and French squadron under fire from the Taku Forts at the mouth of the Pei Ho or Hai River. His explanation of his action, "blood is thicker than water", subsequently became a famous slogan. On his return voyage early in 1860, Tattnall commanded the Powhatan, carrying the first diplomatic embassy from Tokugawa Japan to the United States. While stopped at Honolulu, Hawaii along the way, the British residents of that city wrote a letter thanking Tattnall for his "gallant and humane conduct" during the "unfortunate affair at the Pei-ho River".The embassy was safely conveyed to San Francisco and then Panama, where they crossed the isthmus and continued on to Washington, D.C.

American Civil War

At the outbreak of the Civil War, Capt. Tattnall held command of the Sackett's Harbor Station. Though he opposed secession, Tattnall resigned his commission on February 21, 1861. A week later, Governor Joseph E. Brown commissioned Tattnall as the senior flag officer of the Navy of Georgia. On March 26,


texts:
 1861, he received his commission as a captain in the Confederate Navy. Tattnall commanded Southern naval units during the defense of Port Royal until the harbor was captured by Union forces on 7 November 1861. From there, he moved to overall command of the defense of Virginia's waters early in March 1862.<mask>, by then a flag officer in the Confederate Navy as well as the Navy of Georgia, directed CSS Jamestown and other warships in captures of Federal merchantmen off Sewell's Point in April 1862. On May 11, 1862, in the face of advancing Federal forces, Flag Officer <mask> ordered the destruction of his flagship, CSS Virginia (ex-Merrimack). He was later acquitted by a court martial of all charges stemming from that action. He resumed command of the naval forces of Georgia on May 29, 1862, and retained it until 31 March 1863, when he turned over command of forces afloat to Comdr. Richard L. Page and concentrated upon the shore defenses of Savannah. When Savannah fell to General William Tecumseh Sherman's troops, Tattnall became a prisoner of war. He was paroled on May 9, 1865, and, soon thereafter, took up residence once more in Savannah.<mask> died in Savannah on June 14, 1871, and was buried in Bonaventure Cemetery. He is buried in the Tattnall family plot (section E, lot 1), beside his wife. Namesakes
 Two ships, USS Tattnall, have been named for him. Tattnall County in southeast Georgia is named for Governor <mask>, his father. See also
 Siege of Fort Pulaski

References

External links

1794 births
1871 deaths
American Civil War prisoners of war
United States Navy personnel of the War of 1812
Confederate States Navy captains
Military personnel from Savannah, Georgia
People of Georgia (U.S. state) in the American Civil War
United States Navy officers
United States Navy personnel of the Mexican–American War
American military personnel of the Second Barbary War
People of the

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Tattnall
Tattnall
Death Tattnall
Tattnall


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<mask>  (born in 1968 in Jerusalem)  is an Israeli historian of the late-modern period. He is a full professor at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Beer Sheva, Israel. In September 2021, he was named the Sullivan Chair in Irish Studies at Boston College. Life and works
<mask> was born and raised in Jerusalem and later moved to kibbutz Glil Yam. After traveling abroad, he relocated to the Negev region. <mask> is a graduate of Tel Aviv University and holds a PhD from the National University of Ireland. He was a Government of Ireland Scholar at University College Dublin, an Irish Research Council for Humanities and Social Sciences (IRCHSS) Fellow at Trinity College Dublin, a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) Fellow at the Keough-Naughton Institute for Irish Studies in the University of Notre Dame, a Government of Hungary Fellow at the Central European University in Budapest, a Gerda Henkel Marie Curie Fellow at the Faculty of History of the University of Oxford, a research associate of St Catherine's College, Oxford and a Burns Scholar at Boston College.At Ben-Gurion University, he has repeatedly received the Rector's prize for teaching excellence and was twice the recipient of the David and Luba Glatt Prize for Exceptional Excellence in Teaching. <mask>'s research has largely been devoted to the study of remembrance and forgetting in modern history, with a particular interest in Ireland. He has also published on other subjects, including oral history, the influenza pandemic of 1918-19, and the history of terrorism. In recent years, he has primarily focused on advancing the historical study of "social forgetting". His academic work is distinguished for its innovative interrogation of less-conventional

masks:
Guy Beiner
Guy Beiner
Beiner
Beiner


texts: sources drawn from popular culture and in particular folklore. He has developed the term "vernacular historiography" (in place of folk memory) in order to broaden the scope of historical investigations of unofficial sources and to explore the interfaces of oral traditions with popular print and various other media, including visual and material culture. He has repeatedly called for a critical rethinking of the concept of invented tradition, as first introduced in a seminal collection of essays edited by Eric Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger.In his contributions to memory studies, <mask>'s critique of less-reflective uses of the term collective memory, has led him to explore more sophisticated categorizations of social remembrance and to develop the study of "social forgetting". He has also contested the validity of conventional use of the term "postmemory" (as coined by Marianne Hirsch), suggesting in its place alternative conceptualizations of "postmemory", introducing a corresponding concept of "pre-memory" (when the memory of an event is shaped by memories of earlier events), and adding an original notion of "pre-forgetting" (with reference to concerns over the forgetting of an event that are raised prior to when it occurs). Examining modern cases of destruction of monuments, with reference to classical scholarship on damnatio memoriae, <mask> has argued that political iconoclasm does not necessary efface memory but in effect can instigate ambiguous remembrance, through which the former sites of commemoration and the acts of destruction continue to be recalled locally. While his case studies are often grounded in modern Irish history, <mask> has demonstrated the broader applicability of his theoretical innovations for

masks: Beiner Beiner Beiner


texts: historical studies elsewhere. His book Remembering the Year of the French: Irish Folk History and Social Memory (University of Wisconsin Press: Madison, 2007; paperback 2009)  won a number of international awards, including the 2007 Ratcliff Prize for "an important contribution by an individual to the study of Folklore or Folk Life in Great Britain and Ireland" and the 2008 Wayland D. Hand Prize for an outstanding publication in history and folklore. It was a finalist for 2008 National Council on Public History (NCPH) Book Award, commended for "outstanding contribution in the subfield of public history and policy", and was listed for the 2008 Cundill International Prize for a book determined to have a profound literary, social and academic impact in the area of history. His book Forgetful Remembrance: Social Forgetting and Vernacular Historiography of a Rebellion in Ulster (Oxford University Press: Oxford and New York, 2018; paperback 2020) won the 2019 George L. Mosse Prize for "an outstanding major work of extraordinary scholarly distinction, creativity, and originality in the intellectual and cultural history of Europe since the Renaissance", the 2019 Katharine Briggs Award for "the most distinguished contribution to folklore studies", the 2019 Irish Historical Research Prize awarded biannually by the National University of Ireland for "the best new work of Irish Historical Research", the 2020 Wayland D. Hand Prize for "the best book combining historical and folkloristic methods and materials",  and received an Honorable Mention for the James S. Donnelly, Sr., Prize for Books in History and Social Sciences.It was short-listed for the Christopher Ewart-Biggs Memorial Prize and listed as a book of the year for 2018


texts:
 in the Times Literary Supplement, subsequently appearing in the Private Eye  books of the year as "Best Flying the Green Flag". The American historian Jay Winter described the book as "'bottom-up' history at its best" and the French historian Pierre Nora asserted that "<mask> has contributed to opening a new page in the history of memory, that of forgetting. He writes about the particular case of Ireland but the perspectives which he opens concern all historians of memory." Commenting on the book, Ian McBride, the Foster Professor of Irish History at the University of Oxford, wrote that <mask>'s "intellectual ambition puts him in a different league from most Irish historians of his generation". Publications
 Remembering the Year of the French: Irish Folk History and Social Memory (University of Wisconsin Press: Madison, 2007) Google Books
  Forgetful Remembrance: Social Forgetting and Vernacular Historiography of a Rebellion in Ulster (Oxford University Press: Oxford and New York, 2018) Google Books

References

Sources
 <mask> at academia.edu
 <mask> at ResearchGate
 <mask> at the Dept. of General History, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
 <mask> at the Keough-Naughton Institute for Irish Studies website
 Cundill International Prize in History longlist annunciation
 Gabriel Sanders, "Israeli Scholar Trains an Eye on the Emerald Isle", Forward (March, 2007)

External links
 Faculty Page at Ben Gurion University of the Negev

Israeli historians
Contemporary historians
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev faculty
Historians of Europe
Historians of the modern period
Oral historians
Cultural historians
Historians of Ireland
21st-century Irish historians
Memory researchers
Living people
1968 births
Tel Aviv University

masks:
Guy Beiner
Beiner
Guy Beiner
Guy Beiner
Guy Beiner
Guy Beiner


texts:
<mask> von <mask> und <mask> (13 August 1907 – 30 July 1967), often referred to as <mask>, was a German industrialist, a competitor in Olympic yacht races, and a member of the Krupp family, which has been prominent in German industry since the early 19th century. He was convicted after World War II of crimes against humanity for the genocidal manner in which he operated his factories (with the use of slave labor); served three years in prison until being pardoned. The family company, known formally as Friedrich Krupp AG Hoesch-Krupp, was a key supplier of weapons and materiel to the German Government and the Wehrmacht during World War II. In 1943, Krupp became sole proprietor of the company, following the Lex Krupp ("Krupp Law") decreed by Adolf Hitler. Krupp's wartime employment of slave labor resulted in the "Krupp Trial" of 1947–1948, following which he served three years in prison. At Krupp's behest, after his death in 1967, control of the Krupp company passed to the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation, a philanthropic organisation. Family and early life

Krupp's mother, Bertha Krupp, inherited the company in 1902 at the age of 16 when her father, Friedrich Alfred Krupp committed suicide after being exposed in the newspapers as a homosexual.In October 1906, Bertha married <mask>'s father, <mask> <mask> und <mask>, a German diplomat and member of the nobility in a Lutheran ceremony, who subsequently added the Krupp name to his own by permission of Emperor Wilhelm II. <mask> was born almost a year later. <mask> Krupp attended grammar school, after which he trained at the Krupp company workshops and studied metallurgy at technical universities in Munich, Berlin and Aachen. The company profited significantly from the German re-armament of the 1920s and 1930s. <mask> <mask> und <mask>, in spite of his initial opposition to the Nazi Party, made significant

masks:
Alfried Felix Alwyn Krupp
Bohlen
Halbach
Alfried Krupp
Alfried
Gustav von
Bohlen
Halbach
Alfried
Alfried
Gustav Krupp
von Bohlen
Halbach


texts:
 personal donations to it before the 1933 election, because he saw advantages for the company in the Nazis' militarism and their opposition to independent trade unions. From 1931, <mask> was a supporting member of the SS (förderndes Mitglied der SS). He was a member of the National Socialist Flyers Corps, where he reached the rank of Standartenfuhrer and from 1938 he was a member of the Nazi Party.In 1937, <mask> – like his father – was appointed military economic leader (Wehrwirtschaftsführer). He was also a deputy of his father in his capacity as Chairman of the Board of the Adolf Hitler Fund of German Trade and Industry (Adolf-Hitler-Spende der deutschen Wirtschaft). <mask> received a Diplomingenieur (Master of Engineering) from the Aachener Technische Hochschule in 1934, with the acceptance of a thesis on melting steel in vacuums. During the Berlin Olympics of 1936, <mask> participated in 8 Meter Class sailing and won a bronze medal. In the same year, after undergoing financial training at the Dresdner Bank, Krupp joined the family company. In the following year he married Anneliese Lampert, née Bahr (1909–1998); their son, Arndt, was born in 1938. His family disapproved and their pressure may have influenced the divorce that followed soon afterwards.World War II
During World War II, the company's profits increased and it gained control of factories in German-occupied Europe. <mask> became more active in controlling the company as his father's health declined. He became de facto head of the firm in 1941 when Gustav Krupp suffered a stroke. Under <mask>, the company used slave labor supplied by the government and often assigning Jewish prisoners from concentration camps to work in many of its factories. Even when the military suggested that security reasons dictated that some work should be performed by free German workers, <mask> insisted on using forced labour.

masks: Alfried Krupp Krupp Krupp Alfried Alfried Alfried


texts:
 He officially replaced his father as head of the family firm under the Lex Krupp ("Krupp Law"), proclaimed by Adolf Hitler on 12 November 1943, which set aside the usual laws of inheritance and preserved the Krupp firm as a family business. Under this law, <mask> formally added the Krupp name to his own.He was also appointed Reichsminister für Rüstung und Kriegsproduktion ("Minister for Armament and War Production"). The transfer of ownership was a gesture of gratitude by Hitler and was to be one of only a few major National Socialist government laws that survived the fall of the regime. During the war, <mask> <mask> was responsible for the transfer of certain factories in the occupied territories to the German Reich. He was awarded the War Merit Cross, Second and First Class. Krupp worked closely with the SS, which controlled the concentration camps from which forced labor was obtained. In a letter dated 7 September 1943, he wrote: "As regards the cooperation of our technical office in Breslau, I can only say that between that office and Auschwitz the closest understanding exists and is guaranteed for the future." According to one of his own employees, even when it was clear that the war was lost: "Krupp considered it a duty to make 520 Jewish girls, some of them little more than children, work under the most brutal conditions in the heart of the concern, in Essen."Post-war life and the Krupp Trial

After the war, the Allied Military Government investigated Krupp's employment of slave laborers. He was convicted of crimes against humanity and sentenced to 12 years imprisonment and the forfeiture of all property. In the Krupp trial, it was alleged by the prosecution that the accused (<mask> <mask> and eleven other associates) had committed Crimes against Peace, War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity, and participated in a common plan and conspiracy, all as defined in

masks: Alfried Alfried Krupp Alfried Krupp


texts:
 Control Council Law No.10 of 20 December 1945. The Krupp Trial was the tenth of a series of twelve military tribunals (which became known as the Nuremberg Trials) for war crimes against members of the leadership of Nazi Germany. The Indictment filed against the 12 accused made detailed allegations which were arranged under four counts:

 Planning, preparation, initiation and waging aggressive war
 		Plunder and spoliation
 		Crimes involving prisoners of war and slave labor
 		Common plan or conspiracy

All of the accused except one were found guilty of having, contrary to the provisions of international law, employed prisoners of war, foreign civilians, and concentration camp inmates under inhumane conditions in work connected with the conduct of war. Acts and conduct of the accused said by the Prosecution to have been committed unlawfully, knowingly and wilfully. Krupp was sentenced to twelve years imprisonment.He did not, however, accept any guilt. In 1947, he stated:

The economy needed a steady or growing development. Because of the rivalries between the many political parties in Germany and the general disorder there was no opportunity for prosperity. ... We thought that Hitler would give us such a healthy environment. Indeed he did do that. ... We Krupps never cared much about [political] ideas. We only wanted a system that worked well and allowed us to work unhindered.Politics is not our business. — <mask> <mask>, in Golo Mann's manuscript first published in Friz, 1988. However, after three years, John J. McCloy, the American High Commissioner for Germany, arranged for Krupp to be pardoned (but not acquitted) and the forfeiture of his property was reversed. However, certain parts of his assets were considered for reparations and he had limits on business activities imposed on him. Krupp's second marriage on 19 May 1952 to Vera Hossenfeld (1909–1967),

masks: Alfried Krupp


texts:
 just after his release from Landsberg Prison, ended in a scandal  and a settlement in 1957. Prior to Krupp's death from lung cancer, his assistant, Berthold Beitz, worked to transfer control of the company to a Stiftung (foundation), called the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation, to be monitored by three members of a supervisory board, including Hermann Josef Abs, of the former Deutsch-Asiatische Bank A.G. and Deutsche Bank AG. In this agreement, Krupp's son and heir, Arndt, relinquished any claim over his father's businesses, and was to be paid a relatively modest cash amount, in yearly installments, until his own death.Ancestry

List of institutions and objects named after <mask> Krupp

 Alfried Krupp College, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany
<mask> Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation
, Essen
Alfried Krupp Institute for Advanced Study, Greifswald, Germany
<mask> Krupp PhD Grant

Alfried Krupp Street, Essen, Germany

References

External links

 Krupp German Armaments Factory 1942
 Nazi War Criminals Freed 1951 (including A Krupp)
 Krupp's Millions 1952
 Krupp Trial and Nazi Clemency
 The United States of America vs. <mask> Krupp

1907 births
1967 deaths
Nazi war crimes
Unfree labor during World War II
Businesspeople from Essen
Economy of Nazi Germany
German industrialists
People from the Rhine Province
Alfried
Businesspeople in steel
Olympic bronze medalists for Germany
Olympic sailors of Germany
German male sailors (sport)
Sailors at the 1936 Summer Olympics – 8 Metre
Olympic medalists in sailing
German people convicted of crimes against humanity
People convicted by the United States Nuremberg Military Tribunals
Deaths from lung cancer
Technical University of Munich alumni
Deaths from cancer in Germany
German anti-communists
Förderndes Mitglied der SS
Holocaust perpetrators
Medalists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
National Socialist Flyers Corps

masks: Alfried Alfried Alfried Alfried


texts:
<mask> (23 December 1929 – 11 June 1973) was an Irish theatre and film scenic designer, costume designer, lighting designer and director. <mask> was the set designer for the musicals of Lionel Bart including Oliver!, Lock Up Your Daughters and Blitz!. Life
<mask> was born in Portroe, County Tipperary, Ireland in 1929. While he was an architecture student, aged 20, <mask> and three others sailed from Ireland to New York in a 36-foot sailboat, the Ituna, in 1950. <mask> was a contributor to The Establishment, a standup satire and jazz club in London founded by Peter Cook and Nicholas Luard. In the 1960s, after the workday, <mask> and his staff often made the short trip of a few steps across Manette Street from his design studio into the back door of The Pillars of Hercules. In 1966, <mask> married model Judy Huxtable.She later described him as "regularly unfaithful", and left him to marry Peter Cook. Following his divorce, <mask> lived with the actress Judy Geeson until his sudden death from a heart attack and brain haemorrhage at the age of 43. In Stoned by Andrew Loog Oldham, Oldham pays tribute to <mask> as one of the brilliant and original minds working in London theatre in the 1960s, particularly for his work on Lionel Bart's musicals Oliver! and Lock Up Your Daughters. In Stoned, <mask>'s partner Judy Geeson pays this tribute to him: "<mask> had an unusual combination of abilities: he had the creativity to dream up a design. But he also had a brilliant engineer's brain so he didn't only dream it, he knew how to make it." Design style
<mask> collaborated with the author and director to make the scenery contribute so significantly to the production that the scenery became a character in the play.Theatre impresario Cameron Mackintosh wrote about <mask>'s designs for Oliver! : "A lot of the original 1960 production had been written

masks:
Sean Kenny
Kenny
Kenny
Kenny
Kenny
Kenny
Kenny
Kenny
Kenny
Kenny
Sean
Kenny
Kenny


texts:
 during rehearsal to accompany the working of <mask>'s set, as Oliver! has an episodic story that requires quick and varied changes of locale." Peter Roberts wrote in Plays and Players about <mask>'s design for the inaugural production of Hamlet for the National Theatre at The Old Vic theatre in 1963: "The scenic shorthand of <mask>'s revolving set has all the vigour and unfussy force of O'Toole's performance in the title role...From a practical point of view it enables the director to deploy his cast three-dimensionally, in height as well as across the stage and enables scene changes to be effected rapidly and practically." December 1963. For each production, <mask> invented what he called a "frame", as in framework or scaffold or skeleton. For productions with small budgets, the frame would be stationary and for productions with large budgets the frame would be dynamic, moving.In Oliver! the frame consisted of multi-level scaffolding built on a rotating turntable and two rotating side wagons, properly called ring fragments, that followed the curve of the turntable. In Pickwick, the frame was four multi-level scaffolds on wagons that could move in any direction, like four rolling houses. For Blitz! the frame was four multi-level scaffolds on rolling wagons and two towers that rolled up and down stage, connected by a bridge that raised and lowered while the towers were moving. In each production this frame provided the different spaces, entrances, levels and playing areas needed by the script and by the action. "... his influence on British stage design is incalculable.His imagination in the high tech use of modern theatrical technology, paved the way for all the British musical extravaganza which followed." Projects
Incomplete list:
 1957 The Shadow of a Gunman (revival)
 1958 The Hostage (première Joan Littlewood's Theatre Workshop

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Sean Kenny
Kenny
Sean Kenny
Kenny


texts:
 at Theatre Royal Stratford East)
 1959 Cock-a-Doodle Dandy (Royal Court Theatre)
 1959 Mermaid Theatre (Art Director)
 1959 Lock Up Your Daughters (Mermaid Theatre)
 1960 The Lily-White Boys
 1960 Oliver! (scenic design, costume design)
 1960 Riders to the Sea (BBC film)
 1960 Chin-Chin (Wyndham's Theatre, London)
 1961 Romeo and Juliet (Royal Shakespeare Company, Royal Shakespeare Theatre – Stratford-upon-Avon, Sir Peter Hall (director))
 1961 The Devils (première, Royal Shakespeare Company, Aldwych Theatre, London)
 1961 Altona (Jean-Paul Sartre) (Royal Court Theatre)
 1961 The Miracle Worker (London)
 1962 Stop the World – I Want to Get Off (Broadway)
 1962 I Thank a Fool
 1962 King Priam (scenic and costume design, Covent Garden Opera Company, Royal Opera, London)
 1962 Blitz! The American Theatre Wing's Tony Awards 1965 Nomination, Best Scenic Designer, The Roar of the Greasepaint – The Smell of the Crowd

References

External links

 <mask> Archive 1959-1973 and other holdings of the National Art Library, Victoria and Albert Museum
 1963 photograph of <mask> in his office on Manette Street in London, held at the National Portrait Gallery, London
 MP3 audio file interviews with Sir Noël Coward, Albert Finney, Peter Hall, <mask>, Siobhán McKenna, Harold Pinter, Dame Sybil Thorndike, Kenneth Tynan, Peter Ustinov. Argo, 1962
 Stage set for the J.C. Williamson production of Oliver! overall view
 Stage set for the J.C. Williamson production of Oliver!, the undertaker scene
 <mask> holdings at the University of Bristol Theatre Collection
 Getty Images 1964 photograph of <mask> Kenny talking with Alun Owen. In the cartoon on the wall Mr. Kenny satirised his own design for the mechanised stage at the Dunes Hotel in Las Vegas, which was nicknamed "The Octopus."1929 births
1973 deaths
Irish scenic designers
Opera designers
Tony Award

masks:
Sean Kenny
Kenny
Sean Kenny
Sean Kenny
Sean