texts:
 where he compared the architectural styles of various eras to the state of spiritual and moral development of civilization evident during those times, with the use of illumination and light signifying the increasing spiritual enlightenment of humanity.The state capitol underwent an extensive restoration which was completed in 2010. Tourtellotte also designed the replacement Administration Building at the University of Idaho in Moscow. Construction of the Tudor Gothic-style structure began in 1907 and the main building was completed in 1909; its wings in 1912 and 1916. Based on the Hampton Court Palace in England, the UI Administration Building is a campus icon and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978, at age 69. Tourtellotte fraternal affiliations were with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Freemasons, and the Kiwanis. Works

<mask> E. Tourtellotte, 1894-1901
 W. Scott Neal House, 215 E. Jefferson St., Boise, Idaho (1897, 1914)
 Walter E. Pierce House, 5801 Branstetter St., Garden City, Idaho (1897)
 J. M. Johnson House, 1002 W. Franklin St., Boise, Idaho (1898)
 Willis Mickle House, 1415 N. 8th St., Boise, Idaho (1898)
 Herbert Dunton House, 906 W. Hays St, Boise, Idaho (1899, 1913)
 Mrs. W. B. Kurtz House, 439 W. 3rd St., Weiser, Idaho (1899, 1902)
 Morris Sommer House, 548 W. 2nd St., Weiser, Idaho (1899)
 A. B. Anderson House, 547 W. 1st St., Weiser, Idaho (1900)
 James Funsten House (Remodeling), 2420 Old


type: original

texts:
 Penitentiary Rd., Boise, Idaho (1900)
 Herman Haas House, 253 W. Idaho St., Weiser, Idaho (1900)
 Charles Paynton House, 1213 N. 8th St., Boise, Idaho (1900)
 Nathan Smith House, 2315 S. Broadway Ave., Boise, Idaho (1900)
 Union Block, 720 W. Idaho St., Boise, Idaho (1900–01)
 Marion Allsup House, 1601 N. 10th St., Boise, Idaho (1901)

John E. Tourtellotte & Company, 1901-1910
 H. E. McElroy House, 924 W. Fort St., Boise, Idaho (1901)
 Alva Fleharty House, 907 W. Hays St., Boise, Idaho (1902)
 Mackay Episcopal Church, Park Ave. & College St., Mackay, Idaho (1902)
 Walter Abbs House, 915 Fort St., Boise, Idaho (1903)
 Ada Odd Fellows Temple, 109-115 N. 9th St., Boise, Idaho (1903) - Demolished.Archie Larsen House, Larsen Rd, Weiser, Idaho (1910) - Demolished. Lewiston Vineyards Gates, 18th Ave. & 10th St., Lewiston, Idaho (1910)

Tourtellotte & Hummel, 1910-1930

<mask>. Tourtellotte, 1930-1937
 Portland City Hall, Portland, Oregon (1933) - Not built. Tourtellotte & Phillips (1937-1939)
 Gresham High School (Remodeling), N. Main Ave., Gresham, Oregon (1939–40)
 Linn County Courthouse, 300 SW 1st Ave., Albany, Oregon (1939–40)

References

External links
Idaho Capitol Commission - original architect - <mask>. Tourtellotte
Multnomah County archives <mask>te
 John Tourtellotte Architecture on Google maps

1869 births
1939 deaths
People from Thompson, Connecticut
Architects from Idaho
Architects from Portland, Oregon
People from Boise, Idaho
University of

masks:
John E
John E
John Tourtellot


texts:
General Sir <mask>,  (born 28 July 1947) is a retired senior Australian Army officer who served as the 26th Governor-General of Australia, in office from 2014 to 2019. A graduate of the Royal Military College, Duntroon, <mask> fought in the Vietnam War, receiving the Military Cross in 1971. From 1983 to 1984, he was commander of the 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, and he later served as commander of the 6th Brigade and the 1st Division. <mask> rose to prominence in 1999, when he served as commander of the International Force for East Timor (INTERFET), which oversaw the peacekeeping mission in East Timor during its transition to independence. He is also an alumnus of National Defence College, India. <mask> was Australia's Chief of Army from 2000 to 2002 and Chief of the Defence Force from 2002 to 2005, receiving corresponding promotions to lieutenant general and general. <mask> retired from active service following the end of his term as Chief of the Defence Force, and subsequently served as leader of a taskforce helping to rebuild communities in Queensland after Cyclone Larry in 2006.In January 2014, <mask> was named to succeed Dame Quentin Bryce as Governor-General of Australia. He was sworn in on 28 March 2014 and made a Knight of the Order of Australia on the same date. <mask> retired on 1 July 2019 and was succeeded by General David Hurley. Early life and education

<mask> was born in Sydney, New South Wales, on 28 July 1947. He was educated at Waverley College in Sydney, then followed his father, a warrant officer, into the Australian Army by attending the Royal Military College, Duntroon in 1965. <mask>'s uncle, <mask>, was a professional Australian rules football player, but was killed in action while serving with the Royal Australian Air Force during World War II. <mask> class of 1964 spent time in  Waverley College's Cadet Unit, as a cadet he was Adjutant CUOP <mask> and tied for the Major General JA Chapman Cane for the most efficient cadet in the Unit.Years later the cadet unit has named an award after <mask>, the General Cosgrove Shield

masks:
Peter John Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Bill Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Cosgrove


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 (for the most efficient Speciality in the Cadet Unit) each year to honour the achievements of the most senior ranking officer to graduate. Military service

<mask> was appointed a probationary second lieutenant in August 1968 while attached to a regular army unit, and was commissioned a lieutenant on 11 December 1968. He was allotted to the Royal Australian Infantry. He arrived in South Vietnam on 3 August 1969 and was posted to 9th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment on 20 August 1969. On 10 October 1969, Lieutenant <mask> was commanding 5 Platoon, B Company. The platoon located an occupied bunker system in an area where, because of the proximity of allied troops, indirect fire support was difficult to obtain. In spite of this, he led his platoon in an assault on the bunkers without indirect fire support, capturing the system and killing and wounding at least four enemy without sustaining any casualties.On 16 October 1969, 5 Platoon located another bunker system occupied by about a platoon of enemy. Lieutenant <mask> silently deployed his own platoon for an attack. His assault completely surprised the enemy causing them to flee, abandoning large quantities of food, stores and documents. The following day in the same bunker system a party of enemy approached his right forward section and was engaged by the sentry. Knowing that the remainder of the section was elsewhere on other tasks, Lieutenant <mask> ran to the contact area and personally conducted the fight against the enemy. As a result of his actions, two enemy were killed and three weapons and four packs containing rice were captured. He was awarded the Military Cross for these actions.<mask> was promoted to the temporary rank of captain on 21 September 1970, and was appointed an aide-de-camp to the then-Governor-General Paul Hasluck on 20 December 1971. He was promoted to substantive captain on 31 October 1974 (seniority from 13 July), to temporary major on 2 January 1976 and to substantive major on 11 December 1978. In 1980 he was awarded the National Medal, and was promoted to lieutenant-colonel

masks: Cosgrove Cosgrove Cosgrove Cosgrove Cosgrove


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 on 7 December 1981. In the mid-1980s he commanded the 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment. <mask> came to national fame in 1999 when, as a major general, he led the international forces (INTERFET) in a peacekeeping mission to East Timor. The mission's success made him one of Australia's most respected and popular military leaders. He returned to Australia in 2000 as Land Commander Australia, was promoted to lieutenant general in July and appointed Chief of the Army and, in 2002, was advanced to general as Chief of the Defence Force.In 2004, the Foreign Minister Alexander Downer queried the judgement of Federal Police Commissioner Mick Keelty. Following a joint interview with the then Defence Minister Robert Hill, <mask> was accused of "playing politics" when he said that, on this occasion, he disagreed with Keelty's point of view. However, <mask> expressed strong support for the Police Commissioner in his Australian best selling autobiography, My Story, published in 2006. On 3 July 2005, <mask>'s three-year appointment as Chief of the Defence Force was completed, and he was succeeded by then-Chief of Air Force Air Marshal Angus Houston. Post-military career

Cyclone Larry Taskforce
On 23 March 2006, <mask> was selected to lead the Queensland Government taskforce of rebuilding communities damaged by Cyclone Larry, a Category 5 tropical cyclone that devastated the Innisfail region of northern Queensland. "In recognition of the important contribution General <mask> made to the community of North Queensland following Cyclone Larry", on 11 October 2008, Queensland Premier Anna Bligh announced that a new residential suburb in the Bohle Plains area of Townsville would be named Cosgrove, formerly the site of an Abattoir for the cattle sale yards next to it. Corporate leadership and community organisations
Cosgrove served on the board of Australia's main airline Qantas between July 2005 and January 2014 and is on numerous other boards as chairman or member.He served as Chancellor of the Australian Catholic University between November 2010 and January 2014; and

masks: Cosgrove Cosgrove Cosgrove Cosgrove Cosgrove Cosgrove


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 is Honorary Patron in Chief of the ACT Veterans Rugby Club and the Rosies Youth Mission. <mask> was appointed as Patron to the Australian Volunteer Coast Guard Association in 2015. Governor-General

On 28 January 2014, Prime Minister Tony Abbott announced that the Queen Elizabeth II had accepted his advice to appoint <mask> as the next Governor-General of Australia, to succeed Quentin Bryce in late March. On 25 March, Abbott announced that the Queen had also approved the reinstatement of the grade of Knight or Dame in the Order of Australia (she had abolished it in 1986 on the advice of Bob Hawke), and that governors-general would be ex officio the Principal Knight or Dame of the Order. The incumbent, Quentin Bryce, was immediately made the first new Dame of the Order. On 28 March <mask> succeeded Dame Quentin and was sworn in as Governor-General by Chief Justice Robert French, becoming Sir <mask>. Former headmaster of Waverley College, Ray Paxton states “In choosing Sir <mask> for Governor General, Australia has honoured a remarkable man”.On 16 December 2018 Prime Minister Scott Morrison announced that The Queen had approved the appointment of retired General David Hurley, the current Governor of New South Wales as the next Governor-General of Australia commencing in July 2019, and that <mask>'s term would be extended until that time to ensure smooth transitions following the New South Wales election in March and federal election expected in May 2019. On 12 August 2019, during a post appointment call upon the Queen, Her Majesty appointed <mask> a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order. Personal life
<mask> married Lynne Payne in 1976; they have three sons and four grandchildren, and lived in Sydney before taking up residence in Government House, Canberra. <mask> is a Roman Catholic and frequently attends Mass in the St Christopher's Cathedral parish in Canberra. <mask> is a strong supporter and member of the Sydney Roosters. He is also a keen follower of cricket and rugby union. His memoir You shouldn't have joined... was published by Allen & Unwin in

masks:
Peter Cosgrove
Peter Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Peter Cosgrove
Peter Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Cosgrove
Cosgrove


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<mask> (born 5 November 1976) is a Conservative Party politician and former marketing executive who served as Minister of State for Disabled People, Work and Health from 2019 to 2021. He has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for North Swindon since 2010. A former Conservative Councillor on Swindon Borough Council, he previously served as Parliamentary Private Secretary to Ed Vaizey. He served in David Cameron’s government as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Disabled People from 2015 to 2016. He was a junior minister during the second May ministry at the Department for Work and Pensions, as Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Family Support, Housing and Child Maintenance from 2018 to 2019. Early life and career
<mask> was born in Blackburn, Lancashire on 5 November 1976. His mother Vera represents St. Andrews ward on Swindon Borough Council.He studied at Harry Cheshire High School, a state comprehensive in Kidderminster, Worcestershire, and Oxford Brookes University, where he was Chairman of its Conservative Student Branch from 1995 to 1999. He was National Chairman of Conservative Future, the youth-wing of the Conservative Party, between 2002 and 2003. Tomlinson used to work on the coaches for a nightclub called Eros in Swindon, Wiltshire. He also operated a small marketing business. Tomlinson stood as the Conservative Party candidate for Abbey Meads ward on Swindon Borough Council and was elected in 2000, before being re-elected in the same ward in 2002 and 2006. Parliamentary career
Tomlinson unsuccessfully stood in North Swindon at the 2005 general election, losing to the defending Labour MP Michael Wills by 2,571 votes. However, he won the

masks:
Justin Paul Tomlinson
Tomlinson


texts: seat from Labour at the 2010 general election, defeating the new Labour candidate Victor Agarwall by 7,060 votes.In total, <mask> received 22,408 votes (44.6% of the vote), with a swing of 10.1% from Labour to the Conservatives. Along with fellow Conservative MP Chris Kelly, Tomlinson placed a bet while at university that he would be Prime Minister before the year 2038. He stands to win £500,000 should this happen. Kelly stood down at the 2015 general election after having served a single term. He reported the Labour MP Sadiq Khan to the police in 2014 after Khan was photographed apparently driving whilst using a mobile phone. Tomlinson said "those who make the laws should certainly not be above them". Khan was not prosecuted and went on to become elected as Mayor of London in 2016.Also in 2016 <mask> was punished for contempt was when he was suspended for two days after leaking a draft committee report. He was appointed Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Disabled People following the 2015 General Election victory of the Conservative Party, serving until the new Prime Minister, Theresa May, reshuffled the government in 2016. Prior to that he was Parliamentary Private Secretary to Ed Vaizey. On 9 July 2018, Tomlinson was appointed as a junior minister in the Department for Work and Pensions as Parliamentary Under-Secretary for Family Support, Housing and Child Maintenance. In May 2015, it was reported by The Huffington Post that his appointment as Minister for Disabled People was controversial as he had previously voted against protecting the benefits of disabled children and those undergoing cancer treatment. Tomlinson faced calls for his

masks: Tomlinson Tomlinson


texts: resignation in October 2015 after it was reported that he had leaked information from the Public Accounts committee regarding regulation of short term high cost credit "payday lenders" to Wonga.com back in 2013. Tomlinson accepted he had broken the rules and apologised, stating that his "strongly-held belief that action needed to be taken on payday lenders" had caused his "judgement to be clouded".Tomlinson arranged £30,000 of sponsorship for Swindon Supermarine F.C., a local football team by the same payday lender wonga.com. The football club's chairman, Jez Webb, has made donations of £30,218 to both Tomlinson's and local Conservative Party funds since 2014. Webb stated that he donated in a personal capacity and that the very similar amounts "were coincindental." <mask> was subsequently accused of trying to remove references to previous links to Wonga from his website, including the arrangement of a sponsorship deal with Swindon Supermarine F.C. in 2011. Tomlinson voted for the UK to leave the European Union in the 2016 referendum. In the House of Commons he sits on the Work and Pensions Committee.He has sat on the Public Accounts Committee and Consolidation Bills (Joint Committee). <mask> employs his partner as Office Manager on a salary up to £40,000. The practice of MPs employing family members, has been criticised by some sections of the media on the lines that it promotes nepotism. Although MPs who were first elected in 2017 have been banned from employing family members, the restriction is not retrospective – meaning that Tomlinson's employment of his partner is lawful. In September 2016, Tomlinson apologised for leaking a draft of a public


texts:
 accounts committee report on the credit industry to someone he knew who worked for payday lender Wonga. In November 2018, Tomlinson was criticised by Labour MP Ruth George after appearing to suggest that families facing a cap under the Universal Credit scheme could take in a lodger. A Department for Work and Pensions spokesperson later said that Tomlinson was giving "illustrative examples of how some households subject to the cap may have supplemented income" and denied that Tomlinson said households under the cap could or should consider taking a lodger.Tomlinson was Parliamentary Under-Secretary (junior government minister) for Family Support, Housing and Child Maintenance within the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP). Tomlinson left government during the cabinet reshuffle on 16 September 2021 and returned to the backbenches. In February 2022 Tomlinson was accused of bullying and sending inappropriate “unprofessional” and “belittling” messages to employees at Conservative Campaign Headquarters (CCHQ). Personal life
Tomlinson announced his engagement to Jo Wheeler in August 2011, having proposed on The Peak, the highest point on Hong Kong Island. The couple married at the House of Commons on 2 June 2012. In July 2016, Tomlinson confirmed that he had divorced his wife and was in a relationship with his office manager, Kate Bennett. They married in October 2018 and have one daughter born in August 2019.Notes

References

External links
Official website

1976 births
Living people
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Councillors in Wiltshire
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
UK MPs 2017–2019
Alumni of Oxford Brookes University
UK MPs


texts:
<mask>Ñol" <mask> (born 12 December 1974), commonly known as <mask>, is a retired Peruvian professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He is currently the assistant manager of the Peru national football team, as well as the manager of the Peru Olympic football team. His talents in football range from accurate crosses to accomplished dead-ball skills and he traditionally played either on the right side of midfield, or as a right back during his career. <mask> spent much of his career in the Premier League, where he is generally associated with Newcastle United. He became the first Peruvian to play in the Premier League, and appear in the FA Cup Final. He is considered a cult hero at the Tyneside club, and was also noted for his trumpet playing and formed his own salsa band named The Geordie Latinos. He has described himself as an "adopted Geordie."<mask> is a popular figure in his native Peru, where he is seen as one of the most famous Peruvians, appearing on telephone cards and having his wedding televised live. He played 95 times for the national team between 1994 and 2009. Towards the end of his career, he went into coaching, and was first team coach at non-league side Newcastle Benfield, while contracted to Hartlepool United. He had short spells at Universitario and José Gálvez, and was manager of Internacional de Toronto for a few matches, before the club had its licensing agreement terminated. Since 2015, <mask> has been involved within the national team setup, where he is assistant manager to Ricardo Gareca, and is the manager of the Olympic football team. Early life
Born in Callao, Peru, <mask> was the youngest of seven. His father, Albino, was in the Peru Navy, whilst his mother was a housewife who raised him, his four brothers and two sisters.He began playing football at a very early age in the streets of Callao. <mask> witnessed the Peru national football team qualify for the 1978 FIFA World Cup at the age of three and again qualify for the 1982 FIFA World Cup at the age of seven. The second World Cup he witnessed had the biggest effect on him. At that time he played a lot of

masks:
Nolberto Albino "
Solano Todco
Nobby Solano
Solano
Solano
Solano
Solano
Solano


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 football and his national team inspired him. Club career

Early career

<mask> signed his first professional contract with the Peruvian Primera División side Sporting Cristal in 1992 at the age of 17. He made his league debut on 13 April 1992 in his team's 2–0 win against San Agustín. Towards the end of his first season at Sporting Cristal, he signed a one-year contract with Deportivo Municipal, before returning to Cristal at the end of 1993.He was part of the Sporting Cristal squad of the 1990s during which the club won the Peru Primera División Championships (1994, 1995 and 1996) and reached the finals of the 1997 Copa Libertadores. Along with Roberto Palacios, Flavio Maestri, Julinho and Jorge Soto, he was one of Sporting Cristal's most recognized players of the era. Boca Juniors
In 1997 aged 22 he signed for Argentinian side Boca Juniors where he became a teammate of Diego Maradona, who nicknamed <mask> the 'Maestrito'. <mask> said in 2004 that he would like to play for Boca Juniors again, but admitted he was perhaps too old for the ambition to be realized. Newcastle United

In 1998, <mask> became the first professional Peru-born footballer to play in England when he signed a contract with Newcastle United for £2,480,000. Interest in his first appearance on the field in the black and white shirt for Newcastle reserves was so substantial that the kick off was delayed to accommodate the large crowd, many of whom had been delayed after a lorry had shed its load blocking one of the major routes into the city. <mask> marked the occasion with a goal.His first team debut for Newcastle came in a Premier League match against Chelsea on 22 August 1998, when he came on after 67 minutes as a substitute for goalscorer Andreas Andersson. In June 2001, he signed a new five-year contract with the club. A month later he scored what he later described as "the best goal of [his] career" with a solo effort against 1860 München. During this first spell at Newcastle, he played in the 1999 FA Cup Final. Aston Villa
Solano joined Aston Villa in January 2004 for a fee of £1.5 million and signed a

masks: Solano Solano Solano Solano Solano


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 two-and-a-half-year contract with the club. He attributed his leaving Newcastle to a "strained relationship" with manager Bobby Robson. He made his debut in a 5–0 win over Leicester City on 31 January, ended the 2004–05 season as top scorer, and was elected the club's Player of the Year by the supporters, his teammates, and the local press.In what was <mask>'s last appearance for Villa, in August 2005, he was sent off for striking Portsmouth's Richard Hughes in the face. On transfer deadline day, <mask> rejected a late offer to join Liverpool and agreed to return to Newcastle. Return to Newcastle United
<mask> returned to Newcastle United in August 2005 for a fee believed by the BBC to be £1.5 million. He signed a contract originally for two years, but with the option for Newcastle to extend it for another year. Midfielder James Milner went in the other direction, joining Aston Villa on a season-long loan. <mask> revealed that Alan Shearer had played an influential role in arranging his return. In the 2006–07 season, injuries to right-back Stephen Carr and others caused manager Glenn Roeder to play <mask> at right-back instead of his usual right-wing position.However it was not an unfamiliar playing position to <mask>, as he had started his football career in defence and had featured at right-back for his country. With his contract due to expire at the end of the season, <mask> said he would be "crazy" to move on at the age of 32, and duly signed a new one-year contract. However a few months later, he asked to leave the club to be closer to his family, who had moved to London. His one regret was that he had been unable to help the club win a trophy for the fans. West Ham United

<mask> signed a one-year contract with West Ham United in August 2007. He made his debut for West Ham in October 2007, coming on as a second-half substitute in the 3–1 home win against Sunderland, and was instrumental in West Ham's second goal, his shot being deflected into the Sunderland goal by goalkeeper, Craig Gordon. His first goal for West Ham was a free-kick and the fifth goal in West Ham's 5–0 away win against

masks: Solano Solano Solano Solano Solano Solano Solano Solano


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 Derby County on 10 November 2007.In the last game of the season on 11 May 2008 <mask> scored his second free-kick goal, against Aston Villa, the match ended 2–2. He was released by West Ham when his contract expired at the end of the 2007–08 season having scored four goals in 23 appearances. Larissa and Universitario
Although <mask> Lima in the play-off for the Peruvian Primera División title, helping the team to a 2–0 aggregate victory to seal the club's 25th league title. Leicester City

<mask> returned to England, where he trained with Colchester United and with Newcastle, before, on 22 January 2010, signing for Leicester City until the end of the season. He was reunited with Nigel Pearson, who had been assistant manager at Newcastle. He made his debut as an 84th-minute substitute in a goalless draw against Newcastle at the Walkers Stadium on 30 January, to an enthusiastic reception from both sets of fans.He played his first full game in a 1–0 win over Crystal Palace on 16 March. <mask> played eleven league games, scoring in a 4–3 penalty shootout defeat to Cardiff City in the Championship play-off semi-final second leg. He was offered a contract for a further six months, but chose to leave the club, preferring to follow Pearson to Hull City. Hull City
<mask> rejoined former Foxes' boss Nigel Pearson, who had recently taken over the manager's job at Hull City, signing a one-year deal. Despite initial expectations that <mask> would be with Hull City for only a single season before retiring, <mask> revealed in April 2011, that he hoped that he would be able to extend his stay with the Tigers beyond the 2010–11 season, by combining a playing and coaching role, as Nick Barmby had done. Hartlepool United
It was announced on 13 May 2011 that <mask> had signed for Hartlepool United, having previously worked with their manager Mick Wadsworth at Newcastle. <mask>, on the first day of signing, promoted the idea of Are You Coming To Pools?with Hartlepool United selling season tickets for £100, the lowest price in Football League One. On 2 August, <mask> scored in a friendly against Sunderland, rivals

masks: Solano Solanoanza Solano Solano Solano Solano Solano Solano Solano Solano


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 of his former club Newcastle United, and scored his first league goal for Hartlepool on 17 September at home against Bury. The following week, <mask> doubled his Hartlepool tally by scoring their first goal direct from a free-kick in the 2–1 away win at AFC Bournemouth. Following Wadsworth's sacking, his successor, first-team coach Neale Cooper, confirmed that <mask> was not part of his plans, because he needed "players who will really graft, [and] that's not Nobby's game". In April 2012, the club confirmed <mask> had been advised not to play for the remainder of the season because of recurring illness. In February 2012, he became first-team coach at Northern League side Newcastle Benfield while remaining a member of Hartlepool's playing squad. International career
<mask> made his full international debut for Peru at the age of 18, and went on to be capped 95 times, scoring 20 goals.He has been a key member of the squad since the mid-1990s but, in June 2005, <mask> decided to quit the Peru national football team due to disagreements with the coach, Freddy Ternero. In 2006, he returned to the national team setup under new coach Franco Navarro. Despite his return to the national team, <mask> was not selected for Peru's Copa America 2007 squad. He continued to represent the national team thereafter, but with his country having no chance at all of qualifying for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, he announced his decision to retire from international football after World Cup Qualifiers against Argentina and Bolivia. <mask> has also stated his desire to try and guide his country to the World Cup as a coach in the near future to try to make up for never making it as a player. Managerial career
<mask> took the first step into coaching as the part-time first-team coach of Newcastle Benfield in 2012. In June 2012, he was confirmed as manager of Peruvian Primera División club Universitario de Deportes.On 12 December, Universitario confirmed that <mask> had left the club, despite the fact he guided the club into the top half of the table after being in the relegation zone when he first took charge. In 2014, he

masks: Solano Solano Solano Solano Solano Solano Solano Solano Solano


texts:
 became the head coach of Canadian club Internacional de Toronto in League1 Ontario. However, on 22 July, the club had its licensing agreement terminated due to issues regarding the payment of player salaries, ending his tenure. , <mask> is a technical assistant to Ricardo Gareca with the Peru national team, and taking charge as coach of the U-23 team. Personal life
In March 2020, <mask> was arrested in Peru for breaking the mandatory curfew during the 2020 coronavirus. Career statistics

Club

Managerial statistics

Honours

Club

Sporting Cristal
Peruvian First Division: 1994, 1995, 1996
Copa Libertadores Runner-up: 1997

Newcastle United
 UEFA Intertoto Cup: 2006

Universitario de Deportes
Peruvian First Division: 2009

International
Peru
 Kirin Cup: 1999, 2005

Individual
 Peruvian Player of the Year: 1992
 America's Ideal Team of the Year: 1997
 South American Player of the Year: 1997 (2nd place)

References

External links

Player site

International statistics at rsssf

1974 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Callao
Peruvian Roman Catholics
Association football wingers
Peruvian footballers
Peru international footballers
Sporting Cristal footballers
Deportivo Municipal footballers
Boca Juniors footballers
Newcastle United F.C. players
Aston Villa F.C.players
West Ham United F.C. players
Athlitiki Enosi Larissa F.C. players
Club Universitario de Deportes footballers
Leicester City F.C. players
Hull City A.F.C. players
Hartlepool United F.C. players
Peruvian Primera División players
Argentine Primera División players
Premier League players
English Football League players
Super League Greece players
Peruvian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Argentina
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate footballers in Greece
Peruvian expatriate sportspeople in England
Peruvian expatriate sportspeople in Greece
1995 Copa América players
1999 Copa América players
2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2004 Copa América players
Peruvian trumpeters
Peruvian football managers
Peruvian Primera División managers
Club Universitario de Deportes managers
José Gálvez FBC managers
21st-century

masks: Solano Solano


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<mask> (born 1961) is an Israeli film producer, the founder of Vice Versa Films. Education and early career

Avivi holds a Master's degree in Cinema Studies from New York University and a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in Film and Television from Tel Aviv University. Avivi was the Head of the Music Department and a music programmer at the IDF radio station. Concurrently, Avivi was the popular music critic for the weekly magazine Ha'ir from 1983 to 1987 and the daily newspaper Haaretz from 1994 to 2006. Film and TV Career

Between 1994 and 1998 Avivi created (with Yoav Kutner, Ami Amir, Arik Bernstein and Gabriel Bibliowicz) a comprehensive 12-part documentary series about the history of Israeli rock music, “Sof Onat Hatapuzim” ("End of the Orange Season"). In 2006 Avivi produced two documentary films: Bekummernis (with Ido Sela) and The Cahana Sisters (with Amir Harel and Gilad Melzer). In 2008 Avivi produced (with Yael Biron and Dror Nahum) a documentary about Ehud Banai and The Refugees - On The Move.In 2011 Avivi founded Vice Versa Films, a production house for feature films, short films and TV series. Film Festivals

Since 2016 Avivi is the Artistic Consultant of Solidarity International Human Rights Film Festival, Tel Aviv. The fourth edition of Solidarity Festival took place in April 2016 at the Tel Aviv Cinematheque. The fifth edition of the festival took place in  May 2017. The opening night film was "The Unknown Girl" directed by the Dardenne Brothers . The lineup included documentaries, including "Speed Sisters" and narrative films including "Junction 48". In 2009, Avivi, with Micky Laron, founded EPOS, an annual event based at Tel Aviv Museum of Art.Avivi was the Festival Director till 2015. In its inaugural year, the festival guests were Ben Lewis, Sheila Hayman and Rene Letzgus. In 2010 EPOS 2 guests were Percy Adlon, Galina Eevtushenko, Lionel Guedj, Yony Leyser, Tom Magill, Sam McClean, Sergey Ovcharov, Tony


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 Palmer, Viktoria Petranyi, Kathie Russo, Helma Sanders-Brahms, and Lucy Walker. EPOS 3 took place in 2012, and some of its films were also shown in Jerusalem, Haifa, and Beit She'an. The festival included a musical tribute to Dave Brubeck by his son, Darius Brubeck, after a screening of a documentary film by Clint Eastwood about the great jazz pianist. Among the festival's guests were Arantxa Aguirre, John Bridcut, Kevin Hood, Lech Majewski, Agnes Sos, Iwan Schumacher, Philipp Stölzl and Wiktoria Szymanska. EPOS 4 took place in 2013, with additional screenings of its films in various venues in Israel.The opening film of the festival was 'Yossi Banai – A Farewell Album', In addition to the film screenings, the festival hosted cultural and musical events. "Imagination at Work", a new exhibition by Harun Farocki, who was the festival's guest, opened at Tel Aviv Museum of Art during the festival. The premiere of "The Composer's Cut", a new concert of Jonathan Bar Giora, closed EPOS 4. EPOS 5, a 10-day extended edition of the festival, took place  in 2014. The opening night film was "Mafriah ha-yonim" ("Farewell Baghdad), directed by Nissim Dayan. Filmography
2017
 Ron Arad - Not Without White Gloves. Director: Avida Livny; a documentary that focuses on a year in the life of Ron Arad, the world-renowned artist, industrial designer, and architect, as he develops, creates, and exhibits his installations and art works in Jerusalem, Venice, Groningen, London, Holon and Tel Aviv.The premiere of the film took place at Docaviv  – Tel Aviv International Documentary Film Festival. A Night With No Dawn. Director: Sara Bozakov; a 21-minute short narrative film about a night in the life of five asylum seekers from Sudan, who are on their way to be imprisoned in the Holot Detention facility near the Israel-Egypt border. The premiere took place at the Tel Aviv International Student Film Festival , and the film was given the "Best Film" award


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 in the Israeli Competition. 2016
 Freedom Runners (Original title: Ratsim Lahofesh). Director: David Wachsmann; a 50-minute documentary about a high school teacher that founds a running team for his students, African refugees and asylum seekers, who live in south Tel Aviv. The international premiere of the film took place at Woodstock Film Festival.The Ambassador's Wife (Original title: Eshet Hashagrir). Director: Dina Zvi-Riklis; a 40-minute drama based on a screenplay and story by Alma Ganihar, starring Ester Rada as the wife of an Eritrean Ambassador who must flee her country and find refuge in south Tel Aviv. With Yehezkel Lazarov. The Israeli premiere screening of the film took place at Haifa Film Festival. Jihad Now (Original title: Jihad Akhshav). Directors: Anna Somershaf and Henrique Cymerman; a 4-hour series presented by Henrique Cymerman about Global Jihad, from the formation of al-Qaeda to the European migrant crisis and the fight against ISIS. The series was nominated for the Israel Filmmakers Documentary Forum award.2014
Never Turn Your Back on Sparks (Original title: Leolam Beikvot Sparks). Director: Pini Schatz; a documentary comedy about fans of the "coolest underrated rock band in the world": Sparks. East Jerusalem/West Jerusalem (Hebrew title: Mizrah Yerushalayim / Maarav Yerushalayim). Directors: Henrique Cymerman and Erez Miller; an award-winning feature-length documentary about a David Broza project that was recorded during 8 days and nights in a Palestinian studio in Sheikh Jarrah with a band consisting of Jewish and Arab musicians. With Steve Earle and Mira Awad. The film was acquired for world distribution by Film Movement and can be seen worldwide on Netflix. 2013
Not Your Life (Original title: Lo Ha-Hayim Shelakh; Working title: Gora).Director: Tal Shefi; a documentary that focuses on life choices and their meaning for the director and her daughter,a half-Nepalese-half Israeli girl, who grows up


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 in Goa. 2012
Chicken Soup with Knives (Original title: Merak Of Im Sakinim; Working title: This is Not a Holocaust Film). Director: Leora Eisenstein; a documentary about the filmmaker's investigative journey with her sister to Lviv, her family's hometown before World War II. 2011
Looking for Moshe Guez (Original title: Le'an Ne'elam Moshe Guez). Director: Avida Livny; a documentary about the filmmaker's search for the Israeli director Moshe Guez and his rarely seen feature film, The Angel was a Devil. Running Movie (Original title: Seret Ratz). Director: Omer Peled; a documentary about the Israeli long-distance runner Seteng Ayele (AKA Haile Satayin), the oldest marathon runner in the 2008 Summer Olympic in Beijing and his efforts to compete at the age of 55, in the 2012 Summer Olympics in London.2008
On the Move (Original title: Hayav Lazuz). Director: Avida Livny; a film about courage, friendship and rock and roll, about Ehud Banai and Yossi Elephant, about the Israeli rock band "The Refugees", and especially about the passion for doing the right thing. 2006
The Cahana Sisters (Original title: Haahayot Cahana). Director: Gilad Melzer; a group portrait and dramatic life journey of four sisters who had survived the death camps together during the Holocaust. Bekummernis. Director: Ido Sela; a personal documentary about the director's visit to kibbutz Kfar HaNassi - a magical childhood landscape that turns into a scene of crime. 1998
End of the Orange Season (Original title: Sof Onat Hatapuzim); an in-depth 12-part documentary series that explores the story of Israeli rock music from the 1960s to the 1990s.References

External links

 Vice Versa Films Official Website
 Vice Versa Films Official Facebook Page
 On The Move -  Official Website
 EPOS-The International Art Film Festival - Official Website

Israeli film producers
Documentary film producers
Living people
1961 births
Tel Aviv University alumni
New York University


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<mask>, FRS (5 January 1782 – 1 August 1834), was an Anglo-Scottish Protestant missionary to Portuguese Macao, Qing-era Guangdong, and Dutch Malacca, who was also a pioneering sinologist, lexicographer, and translator considered the "Father of Anglo-Chinese Literature". <mask>, a Presbyterian preacher, is most notable for his work in China. After twenty-five years of work he translated the whole Bible into the Chinese language and baptized ten Chinese believers, including Cai Gao, Liang Fa, and Wat Ngong. <mask> pioneered the translation of the Bible into Chinese and planned for the distribution of the Scriptures as broadly as possible, unlike the previous Roman Catholic translation work that had never been published. <mask> cooperated with such contemporary missionaries as Walter Henry Medhurst and William Milne (the printers), Samuel Dyer (Hudson Taylor's father-in-law), Karl Gützlaff (the Prussian linguist), and Peter Parker (China's first medical missionary). He served for 27 years in China with one furlough home to England. The only missionary efforts in China were restricted to Guangzhou (Canton) and Macau at this time.They concentrated on literature distribution among members of the merchant class, gained a few converts, and laid the foundations for more educational and medical work that would significantly impact the culture and history of the most populous nation on earth. However, when <mask> was asked shortly after his arrival in China if he expected to have any spiritual impact on the Chinese, he answered, "No sir, but I expect God will!" Life

Early life

<mask> was born on 5 January 1782 in Bullers

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 Green, near Morpeth, Northumberland, England. He was the son of <mask>, a Scottish farm laborer and Hannah Nicholson, an English woman, who were both active members of the Church of Scotland. They were married in 1768. <mask> was the youngest son of eight children. At age three, <mask> and his family moved to Newcastle where his father found more prosperous work in the shoe trade.<mask>'s parents were devout Christians and raised their children to know the Bible and the Westminster Shorter Catechism according to Presbyterian ideals. At the age of 12 he recited the entire 119th Psalm (176 verses long) from memory in front of his pastor without a single mistake. John Wesley was still alive and many foreign mission agencies were being formed during this period of the Evangelical Revival. In 1796, young <mask> followed his uncle James Nicholson into apprenticeship and later joined the Presbyterian church in 1798. By age 14 <mask> left school and was apprenticed to his father's business. For a couple of years he kept company in disregard of his Christian upbringing and fell occasionally into drunkenness. However, this behavior soon ended.In <mask>'s own words

When <mask> was at work at his father's business he was employed at manual labour for twelve or fourteen hours a day; yet he seldom omitted to find time for one or two hours of reading and meditation. He read and re-read frequently those few books he was able to obtain. The diary, which he began to keep very early in his life, shows that he did much self-introspection; his earnestness was clearly intense, and his sense of his own shortcomings continued to be

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 remarkably vivid. Soon he wanted to become a missionary and in 1801, he started learning Latin, Greek Hebrew as well as systematic theology and shorthand from the Rev. W. Laidler, a Presbyterian minister in Newcastle, but his parents were opposed to his new vocation. During this period, <mask> often spent free time in the garden in quiet meditation and prayer. At work, the Bible or some other book such as Matthew Henry's Commentary was open before him while his hands were busy.He regularly attended church on Sundays, visited the sick with the "Friendless Poor and Sick Society", and in his spare time during the week instructed poor children. He shared his faith in Christ with another young apprentice and to a sailor, showing a deep concern for the conversion of friends and family. On 7 January 1803 he entered the Hoxton Academy in London and was trained as Congregationalist minister. He visited the poor and sick and preached in the villages around London. By the age of 17 <mask> had been moved reading about the new missionary movement in The Evangelical Magazine and The Missionary Magazine. However, he had promised his mother he would not go abroad so long as she lived and was present to care for her during her last illness, when he received her blessing to proceed. Preparing to be a missionary
After his mother's death in 1804, he joined the London Missionary Society.He had applied to the Society in a letter dated 27 May 1804, offering himself for missionary service. The next day he was interviewed by the board and accepted at once without a second interview. The next year, he went to David Bogue's Academy in

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 Gosport (near Portsmouth) for further training. For a while he was torn between Timbuktu in Africa and China as possible fields of service. His prayer was:

In 1798, just when the young <mask> had been converted, the Rev. William Willis Moseley of Northamptonshire issued a letter urging "the establishment of a society for translating the Holy Scriptures into the languages of the populous oriental nations." He came across a manuscript of most of the New Testament translated into Chinese (probably by earlier Jesuit missionaries) in the British Museum.He immediately printed 100 copies of a further tract "on the importance of translating and publishing the Holy Scriptures into the Chinese language." Copies were sent to all the Church of England bishops and the new mission agencies. Most gave discouraging replies, giving such reasons as the cost and "utter impossibility" of spreading the books inside China. But a copy reached Dr. Bogue, the head of the Hoxton Academy. He replied that if he had been younger he would have "devoted the rest of his days to the propagation of the gospel in China". Dr. Bogue promised to look out for suitable missionary candidates for China. He chose <mask> who soon after turned his attention away from Africa and focused entirely on China.<mask> wrote to a friend urging him to become his colleague in his new work,

He returned to London and studied medicine with Dr. Blair at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and astronomy with Dr. Hutton at the Greenwich Observatory. After the decision of the Directors as to his destination, <mask> had most diligently and laboriously pursued the study of Chinese.

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texts: He learned the Chinese language from a student that he shared lodgings with, called Yong Sam-tak from Canton City. At first they did not get on well together. <mask> absent-mindedly burned a piece of paper with some Chinese characters on it – and infuriated the superstitions of his Chinese mentor, who left for three days. From that time on, <mask> wrote his characters on a piece of tin that could be erased. They continued to work together and studied an early Chinese translation of Gospels named Evangelia Quatuor Sinice which was probably written by a Jesuit, as well as a hand-written Latin-Chinese dictionary.Yong Sam-tak eventually joined him in family worship. In this way <mask> made considerable progress in speaking and writing one of the most difficult of languages for an English-speaking person to learn. The hope of the Directors was that, first of all, <mask> would master the ordinary speech of the people, and so be able to compile a dictionary, and perhaps make a translation of the Scriptures for the benefit of all future missionaries. To accomplish this, it was first of all necessary to get a footing on Chinese soil, and not hopelessly offend the Chinese authorities. At this time, dealings of foreigners with the people, except for purposes of trade, was absolutely forbidden. Every foreigner was strictly interrogated on landing as to what his business might be; the price for giving the wrong answers might be unceremonious return on the next vessel. <mask> was aware of the dangers.He traveled to visit his family and bid them farewell in July 1806, preaching 13 times in London, Edinburgh and Glasgow. Early

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 missionary work
<mask> was ordained in London on 8 January 1807 at the Scotch church and was eager to go to China. On 31 January, he sailed first to America. The fact that the policy of the East India Company was not to carry missionaries, and that there were no other ships available that were bound for China, forced him to stop first in New York City. <mask> spent nearly a month in the United States . He was very anxious to secure the good offices of the American Consul at Canton (Guangzhou), as it was well known that he would need the influence of someone in authority, if he was to be permitted to stay in China. The promise of protection was made from the United States consul, and on 12 May, he boarded a second vessel, the Trident, bound for Macau.The Trident arrived in Macau on 4 September 1807 after 113 days at sea. The first move of the newcomer was to present his letters of introduction to some leading Englishmen and Americans, in Macau and Canton. He was kindly received, but he needed a bold heart to bear up, without discouragement, under their frank announcement of the apparently hopeless obstacles in the way of the accomplishment of his mission. George Thomas Staunton discouraged him from the idea of being a missionary in China. First of all, Chinamen were forbidden by the Government to teach the language to anyone, under penalty of death. Secondly, no one could remain in China except for purposes of trade. Thirdly, the Roman Catholic missionaries at Macau, who were protected by the Portuguese, would be bitterly hostile, and stir up the people against a Protestant missionary.On 7 September, he was

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texts: expelled by the Roman Catholic authorities in Macau and went to the Thirteen Factories outside Canton City. The chief of the American factory at Canton offered the missionary for the present a room in his house; and there he was most thankful to establish himself, and think over the situation. Shortly afterwards he made an arrangement for three months, with another American gentleman, to live at his factory. He effectively passed himself off as an American. The Chinese, he found, did not dislike and suspect Americans as much as they did the English. Still <mask>'s presence did excite suspicions, and he could not leave his Chinese books about, lest it should be supposed that his object was to master the language. Certain Roman Catholic natives such as Abel Yun were found willing to impart to him as much of the Mandarin Chinese as they could but he soon found that the knowledge of this did not enable him to understand, or make himself understood by, the common people; and he had not come to China simply to translate the Scriptures into the speech of a comparatively small aristocratic class.During these early months his trials and discouragements were great. He had to live in almost complete seclusion. He was afraid of being seen abroad. His Chinese servants cheated him. The man who undertook to teach him demanded extortionate sums. Another bought him a few Chinese books, and robbed him handsomely in the transaction. <mask> was alarmed at his expenditure.He tried living in one room, until he had severe warnings that fever would be the outcome. His utter loneliness oppressed him. The prospect seemed cheerless in the


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 extreme. At first <mask> conformed as exactly as he could to Chinese manners. He tried to live on Chinese food, and became an adept with the chopsticks. He allowed his nails to grow long, and cultivated a queue. Milne noted that "[h]e walked about the Hong with a Chinese frock on, and with thick Chinese shoes".In time he came to think this was a mistaken policy. So far as the food was concerned, he could not live on it in health; and as for the dress, it only served to render him the more unusual, and to attract attention where he was anxious to avoid publicity. A foreigner dressed up in Chinese clothes excited suspicions, as one who was endeavoring by stealth to insinuate himself into Chinese society, so as to introduce his contraband religion surreptitiously. Under these circumstances <mask> resumed the European manners of the Americans and English. <mask>'s position was menaced by political troubles. One move in the war with France, which England was waging at this time, was that an English squadron bore down on Macau, to prevent the French from striking a blow at English trade. This action was resented by the Chinese authorities at Guangzhou, and reprisals were threatened on the English residents there.Panic prevailed. The English families had to take refuge on ships, and make their way to Macau. Among them came <mask>, with his precious luggage of manuscripts and books. The political difficulty soon passed, and the squadron left; but the Chinese were even more intensely suspicious of the "foreigner" than before. East India Company
<mask> fell ill and returned to Macau on 1 June 1808. Fortunately he had


texts: mastered Mandarin and Cantonese during this period. <mask> was miserably housed at Macau.It was with difficulty he induced anyone to take him in. He paid an exorbitant price for a miserable top-floor room, and had not been long in it before the roof fell in with a crash. Even then he would have stayed on, when some sort of covering had been patched up, but his landlord raised his rent by one-third, and he was forced to go out again into the streets. Still he struggled on, laboring at his Chinese dictionary, and even in his private prayers pouring out his soul to God in broken Chinese, that he might master the native tongue. So much of a recluse had he become, through fear of being ordered away by the authorities, that his health greatly suffered, and he could only walk across his narrow room with difficulty. But he toiled on. <mask> strove to establish relations between himself and the people.He attempted to teach three Chinese boys who lived on the streets in an attempt to help both them and his own language skills. However, they treated him maliciously and he was forced to let them go. In 1809, he met 17-year-old Mary Morton and married her on 20 February that year in Macau. They had three children: <mask> (b. 5 March 1811, died on the same day), Mary Rebecca <mask> (1812–1902), and <mask> <mask> (b. 17 April 1814). <mask> died of cholera on 10 June 1821 and is buried in the Old Protestant Cemetery in Macau.On the day of their marriage <mask> was appointed translator to the East India Company with a salary of £500 a year. He returned to Guangzhou alone since foreign women were not allowed to reside there. This

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texts: post afforded him, what most he needed, some real security that he would be allowed to continue at his work. He had now a definite commercial appointment, and it was one which in no way hindered the prosecution of the mission, which always stood first in his thoughts. The daily work of translation for the company assisted him in gaining familiarity with the language, and increased his opportunities for intercourse with the Chinese. He could now go about more freely and fearlessly. Already his mastery of the Chinese tongue was admitted by those shrewd businessmen, who perceived its value for their own commercial negotiations.The sea between Macau and Canton was full of pirates, and the <mask>s had to make many anxious voyages. Sometimes the cry of alarm would be raised even in Guangzhou, as the pirate raids came within a few miles of the city; and the authorities were largely helpless. The perils of their position, as well as its solitude, seem to have greatly and painfully affected Mary. She was affected by unhealthy anxiety. There was no society at Guangzhou that was congenial to them. The English and American residents were kind, but had little sympathy with their work, or belief in it. The Chinese demurred about burial of their first child.Very sorrowfully <mask> had to superintend his interment on a mountainside. At that time his wife was dangerously ill. All his comrades at the company's office thought him a fool. His Chinese so-called assistants robbed him. Letters from England came but seldom. The Chinese grammar was finished in 1812, and sent to Bengal for printing, and heard no more of for three anxious,


texts: weary years for <mask>. But it was highly approved and well printed, and it was a pivotal piece of work done towards enabling England and America to understand China. <mask> went on to print a tract and a catechism.He translated the book of Acts into Chinese, and was overcharged to the extent of thirty pounds for the printing of a thousand copies. Then <mask> translated the Gospel of Luke, and printed it. The Roman Catholic bishop at Macau, on obtaining a copy of this latter production, ordered it to be burned as a heretical book. So to the common people it must have appeared that one set of Christians existed to destroy what the other set produced. The facts did not look favorable for the prosperity of Christianity in China. The machinery of the Chinese criminal tribunal was set in motion when the Chinese authorities read some of his printed works. <mask> was first made aware of the coming storm by the publication of an edict, directed against him and all Europeans who sought to undermine Chinese religion.Under this edict, to print and publish Christian books in Chinese was declared a capital crime. The author of any such work was warned that he would subject himself to the penalty of death. All his assistants would render themselves liable to various severe forms of punishment. The mandarins and all magistrates were enjoined to act with energy in bringing to judgment any who might be guilty of contravening this edict. <mask> forwarded a translation of this famous proclamation to England, at the same time announcing to the Directors that he purposed to go quietly and resolutely forward. For himself, indeed, he


texts: does not seem to have been afraid. Undoubtedly his position under the East India Company was a great protection to him; and a grammar and dictionary were not distinctively Christian publications.But the Directors were even then sending out to join him the Rev. William Milne and his wife, and <mask> knew that this edict would make any attempt of another missionary to settle at Guangzhou exceedingly hazardous and difficult. On 4 July 1813, at about three o'clock in the afternoon, it being the first Sunday in the month, Mr. and Mrs. <mask> were sitting down together to the "Lord's Supper" at Macau. Just as they were about to begin their simple service, a note was brought to them to say that Mr. and Mrs. William Milne had landed. <mask> used all his influence with those in whose hands the decision lay as to whether Milne should be allowed to remain. Five days after the newcomers had arrived, a sergeant was sent from the Governor to <mask>'s house, who summoned him. The decision was short and stern: Milne must leave in eight days.Not only had the Chinese vehemently opposed his settlement, but the Roman Catholics were behind them in urging that he be sent away. From the English residents at Macau, <mask> received no assistance either for they feared lest, if any complications arose through <mask>, their commercial interests might be prejudiced. For the present Mr. and Mrs. Milne went on to Guangzhou, where the <mask>s followed them and soon both families were established in that city, waiting the next move of the authorities. <mask> spent this time assisting Milne to learn to speak Chinese. In 1820, <mask> met the

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 American businessman David Olyphant in Canton, which marked the start of a long friendship between the two men and resulted in Olyphant naming his son <mask> Olyphant. Return to England

In 1822 <mask> visited Malacca and Singapore, returning to England in 1824. The University of Glasgow had made him a Doctor of Divinity in 1817.Upon his return to England, <mask> was made a Fellow of the Royal Society. He brought a large library of Chinese books to England, which were donated to the London University College. <mask> began The Language Institution in Bartlett's Buildings in Holborn, London during his stay there, to teach missionaries. The years 1824 and 1825 were spent by <mask> in England, where he presented his Chinese Bible to King George IV, and was received by all classes with great demonstrations of respect. He busied himself in teaching Chinese to classes of English gentlemen and English ladies, and in stirring up interest and sympathy on behalf of China. Before returning to his missionary labours he was married again, in November 1824 to Eliza Armstrong, with whom he had five more children. The new Mrs. <mask> and the children of his first marriage returned with him to China in 1826.An incident of the voyage will illustrate the perils of those days, as well as <mask>'s fortitude. After a terrible spell of storm, the passengers were alarmed to hear the clanking of swords and the explosion of firearms. They soon learned that a mutiny had broken out among the seamen, who were wretchedly paid, and who had taken possession of the forepart of the vessel, with the intention of turning the cannon there against

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 the officers of the ship. It was a critical moment. At the height of the alarm, <mask> calmly walked forward among the mutineers, and, after some earnest words of persuasion, induced the majority of them to return to their places; the remainder were easily captured, flogged, and put in irons. At Singapore, <mask> was confronted with fresh trials. The Singapore Institution, now Raffles Institution, which has one House named after him, had been in process of formation there, on his departure for England, similar to the college at Malacca.Little progress had been made with it. A new governor manifested less interest, and <mask> had not been present to see that the work went on. After a stay here for purposes of organization, the missionary and his family went on to Macau, and subsequently <mask> proceeded to Guangzhou, where he found that his property had been also neglected in his absence. Final days in China

Together the <mask>s returned to China in 1826. Changes in the East India Company had brought him into contact with new officials, some of whom had not the slightest respect for the calling of the missionary, and were inclined to assume a high hand, until <mask>'s threat to resign induced a more respectful temper. The relations, too, between British traders and the Chinese officials were daily becoming more strained. <mask> strongly disapproved of much of the correspondence which it fell to his lot to conduct with the Chinese mandarins.<mask>'s time in China would preclude the outbreak of the First Opium War between Great Britain and China; during his time in Southern China, <mask> observed the growing


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 tensions in the region. Noting the "officiousness and tyranny" of the Chinese mandarins as being hard to bear, <mask> also criticized the conduct of British traders, which threatened the activities of Christian missionaries in China. He would note that the activities of foreign traders were prioritized over that of the missionaries. On <mask>'s visit to England, he had been able to leave a Chinese native teacher, Liang Fa, one of Milne's converts, to carry on what work he could among the people. This man had already endured much for his faith, and he proved entirely consistent and earnest during the long period of <mask>'s absence. Other native Christians were baptized; and the little Church grew, while at the same time it was well known that many believed in secret, who did not dare to challenge persecution and ostracism by public confession. American missionaries were sent to help <mask>, and more Christian publications were issued.<mask> welcomed the arrival of the Americans, because they could conduct the service for English residents, and set him free to preach and talk to the Chinese who could be gathered together to listen to the Gospel. In 1832 <mask> could write:

The Roman Catholic bishop rose against <mask> in 1833, leading to the suppression of his presses in Macau and removing his preferred method of spreading knowledge of Christ. His native agents, however, continued to circulate publications that had already been printed. During this period <mask> also contributed to Karl Gützlaff's Eastern Western Monthly Magazine, a publication aimed at improving Sino-Western understanding. In 1834 the monopoly

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 of the East India Company on trade with China ended. <mask>'s position with the company was abolished and his means of sustenance ceased. He was subsequently appointed Government translator under Lord Napier, but only held the position for a few days.<mask> prepared his last sermon in June 1834 on the text, "In my Father's house are many mansions." He was entering his last illness, and his solitude was great, for his wife and family had been ordered to England. On 1 August the pioneer Protestant missionary to China died. He died at his residence: Number six at the Danish Hong in Canton (Guangzhou) at the age of 52 in his son's arms. The following day, his remains were removed to Macau, and buried in the Old Protestant Cemetery on 5 August next to his first wife and child. He left a family of six surviving children, two by his first wife, and four by his second. His only daughter, Mary Rebecca (1812–1902), was married in 1847 to Benjamin Hobson, a medical missionary.Epitaph

<mask> was buried in the Old Protestant Cemetery in Macau. The inscription on his marker reads:

Legacy and honours
<mask> had amassed "the most comprehensive library of Chinese literature in Europe" which formed the core of his The Language Institution in Bartlett's Building, London. His widow put all 900 books up for sale in 1837 for £2,000. The Morrison Hill district of Hong Kong and its adjoining road, Morrison Hill Road, are named for <mask> as was the Morrison School erected upon it by the Morrison Education Society and completed shortly before <mask>'s death in 1843. The Morrison Hill Swimming Pool at the centre of the former hill is

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 a present public swimming pool in Hong Kong. The University of Hong Kong's Morrison Hall, first established in 1913 as a "Christian hostel for Chinese students", was named for <mask> by its patrons, the London Missionary Society. <mask> House in YMCA of Hong Kong Christian College, which was founded by YMCA of Hong Kong, was named in commemoration of <mask>.Morrison House in Raffles Institution, which was founded by Sir Stamford Raffles, was also named in commemoration of <mask>. Morrison Building is a declared monument of Hong Kong. It was the oldest building in the Hoh Fuk Tong Centre located at Castle Peak Road, San Hui, Tuen Mun, the New Territories. Morrison Academy is an international Christian school founded in Taichung, Taiwan. Work

Missionary work
<mask> produced a Chinese translation of the Bible. He also compiled a Chinese dictionary for the use of Westerners. The Bible translation took twelve years and the compilation of the dictionary, sixteen years.During this period, in 1815, he left the employment of the East India Company. By the end of the year 1813, the whole of the New Testament translation was completed and printed. The translator never claimed that it was perfect. On the contrary, he readily conceded its defects. But he claimed for it that it was a translation of the New Testament into no stilted, scholastic dialect, but into the genuine colloquial speech of the Chinese. The possession of a large number of printed copies led the two missionaries to devise a scheme for their wide and effective distribution. At this time several parts of the Malay Peninsula were under English


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 protection.English Governors were resident, and consequently it seemed a promising field for the establishment of a mission station. The station would be within reach of the Chinese coast, and Chinese missionaries might be trained there whose entrance into China would not excite the same suspicions that attached to the movements of English people. The two places specially thought of were the island of Java, and Malacca on the Malay Peninsula. It was well known that many thousands of Chinese were scattered through these parts, and Milne traveled around surveying the country, and distributing tracts and Testaments as opportunity offered. The object of the two missionaries was now to select some quiet spot where, under protection, the printing press might be established, and Chinese missionaries trained. Malacca had this advantage, that it lay between India and China, and commanded means of transport to almost any part of China and the adjoining archipelago. After much deliberation it was determined to advise the directors that Milne should proceed to establish himself at Malacca.In this year <mask> baptized the first convert on 14 May 1814 (seven years after his arrival). The first Protestant Chinese Christian was probably named Cai Gao. (His name was variously recorded by <mask> as Tsae A-fo, A-no, and A-ko.) <mask> acknowledged the imperfection of this man's knowledge and did not mention his own role in Cai's baptism until much later, but he claimed to rely on the words "If thou believest with all thy heart!" and administered the rite. From his diary the following was noted:

About the same time the East India

masks: Morrison Morrison Morrison


texts: Company undertook the cost of printing <mask>'s Chinese Dictionary. They spent £10,000 on the work, bringing out for the purpose their own printer, Peter Perring Thoms, along with a printing press.The Bible Society voted two grants of £500 each towards the cost of printing the New Testament. One of the Directors of the East India Company also bequeathed to <mask> $1000 for the propagation of the Christian religion. This he devoted to the cost of printing a pocket edition of the New Testament. The former edition had been inconveniently large; and especially in the case of a book that was likely to be seized and destroyed by hostile authorities, this was a serious matter. A pocket Testament could be carried about without difficulty. The small edition was printed, and many Chinese departed from Guangzhou into the interior with one or more copies of this invaluable little book secreted in his dress or among his belongings. <mask> was ordered to England, and she sailed with her two children, and for six years her husband was to toil on in solitude.In 1817 <mask> accompanied Lord Amherst's embassy to Beijing. His own knowledge of China was very considerably enlarged by this. He was sent by the company on an embassy to the Emperor at Beijing in the capacity of interpreter. The journey took him through many cities and country districts, and introduced him to some novel aspects of Chinese life and character. The object of the embassy was not attained, but to <mask> the experience was invaluable; and it served, not only to revive his health, but to stimulate his missionary zeal. Through all that vast tract of country, and

masks:
Morrison
Morrison
Mary Morrison
Morrison
Morrison


texts: among that innumerable population, there was not one solitary Protestant missionary station. Another accomplishment of <mask>'s, in which he proved himself a pioneer, was his establishment of a public dispensary at Macau in 1820, where native diseases might be treated more humanely and effectively than was customary in China.<mask> was profoundly stirred by the misery, the poverty, and the unnecessary suffering of the Chinese poor. The people were constantly persuaded to expend their all on Traditional Chinese medicine he considered useless. <mask> sought out an intelligent and skilful Chinese practitioner, and placed him at the head of his dispensary. This man, who had learned the main principles of European treatment, received great help from Dr. Livingstone, a friend of <mask>'s, who was much interested in this attempt to alleviate the sufferings of the poorer Chinese. <mask> and Milne also established a school for Chinese and Malay children in 1818. The school, named Anglo-Chinese College (later called Ying Wa College), was moved to Hong Kong around 1843 after the territory became a British possession. The institution exists today in Hong Kong as a secondary school for boys.Milne received the support of the English Governor at Malacca. He represented the extreme eastern outpost of Protestant missions in Asia, and <mask> assumed the name "Ultra-Ganges" mission. <mask> and Milne translated the Old Testament together; and although <mask> had the advantage of a far more intimate knowledge of the language, and was thus able to revise the work of his colleague, Milne also had made remarkable progress in his mastery


texts: of Chinese. The press was kept steadily at work. Tracts of various kinds were issued. <mask> wrote a little book called "A Tour round the World," the object of which was to acquaint his Chinese readers with the customs and ideas of European nations, and the benefits that had flowed from Christianity. As if his manifold activities in China were not sufficient to occupy him, <mask> began to formulate an even broader scheme for the evangelization of China.This was, to build at Malacca what he called an "Anglo-Chinese College". Its object was to introduce the East to the West, and the West to the East; in other words, to mediate between the two civilizations, and thus to prepare the way for the quiet and peaceful dissemination of Christian thought in China. The proposal was warmly taken up. The London Missionary Society gave the ground. The Governor of Malacca and many residents subscribed. <mask> himself gave £1000 out of his small property to establish the college. The building was erected and opened.Printing presses were set up, and students were enrolled. Milne was the president; and while no student was compelled to declare himself a Christian, or to attend Christian worship, it was hoped that the strong Christian influence would lead many of the purely literary students to become teachers of Christianity. Intense as were his Christian convictions, he could sanction nothing that would do deliberate violence to the convictions of another; and he had a faith that Christian truth would eventually prevail on its own merits, and need never fear to be set side by side with the truths that other religious systems


texts: contain. Eight or nine years after its foundation, Mr. Charles Majoribanks, M.P. for Perth, in a Government report on the condition of Malacca, singled out this institution for very high praise on account of its thoroughly sound, quiet, and efficient work. A settlement having now been established, under British protection, and in the midst of those islands which are inhabited by a large Malay and Chinese population, reinforcements were sent out from England. After a period in Malacca they were sent on from there to various centers: Penang, Java, Singapore, Amboyna, wherever they could find a footing and establish relations with the people.In this way many new stations sprang up in the Ultra-Ganges Mission. A magazine was issued, entitled The Gleaner, the object of which was to keep the various stations in touch with one another, and disseminate information as to progress in the different parts. The various printing presses poured forth pamphlets, tracts, catechisms, translations of Gospels, in Malay or in Chinese. Schools were founded for the teaching of the children: for the great obstacle to the free use of the printing press was that so few of the people comparatively could read. The missionaries had to be many-sided, now preaching to the Malays, now to the Chinese, now to the English population; now setting up types, now teaching in the schools; now evangelizing new districts and neighbouring islands, now gathering together their little congregations at their own settlement. The reports do not greatly vary from year to year. The work was hard, and seemingly unproductive.The people listened, but often did not


texts:
 respond. The converts were few. <mask> returned to China only to die in 1821; Mrs. Milne had died already. <mask> was 39. In 1822 William Milne died, after a brief but valuable missionary life, and <mask> was left to reflect that he alone of the first four Protestant missionaries to China was now left alive. He reviewed the history of the mission by writing a retrospect of these fifteen years. China was still as impervious as ever to European and Christian influence; but the amount of solid literary work accomplished was immense.Scholarly work

<mask>'s Dictionary of the Chinese Language was the first Chinese–English, English–Chinese dictionary, largely based on the Kangxi Dictionary and a Chinese rhyming dictionary of the same era. This meant that his tonal markings were those of Middle Chinese rather than those actually spoken in his age. Owing to the tutors available to him, his transcriptions were based on Nanjing Mandarin rather than the Beijing dialect. Works

This is a list of scholarly, missionary and other works by <mask> :

  Alt URL
  in six volumes:
 Part I, Vol. I -
 Part I, Vol. II -
 Part I, Vol. III -
 Part II, Vol.I -
 Part II, Vol. II -
 Part III -

 The Morrison Collection Bibliography

See also
 Morrison Academy
 Yung Wing
 Raffles Institution, the oldest school in Singapore, all-boys in Year 1-4 and co-ed in Year 5-6
 Ying Wa College, the world's first Anglo-Chinese school founded in 1818 by <mask>, now located in Hong Kong

Notes

References

Citations

Bibliography

 Uganda Sze Pui KWAN, "From Print to Spin, The Print and Portraitures of <mask>," in The Journal of

masks:
Mary Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Robert Morrison
Robert Morrison
Morrison
Robert Morrison


texts:
 the Chinese Studies, No. 69, 2019, pp. 63–121. Lai, John T. P. Negotiating Religious Gaps: The Enterprise of Translating Christian Tracts by Protestant Missionaries in Nineteenth-Century China (Institut Monumenta Sérica, 2012). .
 Hancock, Christopher (2008), <mask> and the Birth of Chinese Protestantism (T&T Clark). <mask>, Eliza (1839). Memoirs of the life and labours of <mask> (Vol.1) London : Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans.-University of Hong Kong Libraries, Digital Initiatives, China Through Western Eyes

 Ying, Fuk-tsang. "Evangelist at the Gate: <mask>'s Views on Mission." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 63.2 (2012): 306–330. Further reading

 The funeral discourse occasioned by the death of the Rev <mask> ..., delivered before the London Missionary Society at the Poultry chapel, 19 February 1835. By Joseph Fletcher [1784–1843]. London : Frederick Westley and A. H. Davis, 1835. 75 p. { CWML G429 ; CWML G443 ; CWML N294 }
 Memoir of the Rev <mask>, D.D., F.R.S., &c. By T.F.In The Asiatic Journal and Monthly Register March 1835. { CWML O251 ; CWML N294 }
 Memoirs of the life and labours of <mask>. Compiled by his widow [<mask>, 1795–1874], with critical notices of his Chinese works, by Samuel Kidd [1804–1843]. London : Longman, Orme, Brown, and Longmans, 1839. 2 v : ill, port ; 23 cm. { CWML Q122 }
 The origin of the first Protestant mission to China : and history of the events which induced the attempt, and succeeded in the accomplishment of a translation of the Holy Scriptures into the Chinese language, at the expense of the East India Company, and of the casualties which assigned to the late Dr

masks:
Robert Morrison
Morrison
Robert Morrison
Robert Morrison
Robert Morrison
Robert Morrison
Robert Morrison
Eliza Morrison


texts:
 <mask> the carrying out of this plan : with copies of the correspondence between the Archbishop of Canterbury ... &c and the Rev W. W. Moseley ... To which is appended a new account of the origin of the British and Foreign Bible Society, and a copy of the memoir which originated the Chinese mission &c. By William Willis Moseley. London : Simpkin and Marshall, 1842.[ii], 116 p. { CWML O86 ; CWML N310 }
 <mask> : the pioneer of Chinese missions. By William John Townsend [1835–1915]. London : S.W. Partridge & Co., [ca.1890?]. 272 p. : ill, frontis. (port.) { CWML R427 }
 Cleaving the rock: the story of <mask>, Christian pioneer in China.By T. Dixon Rutherford. London: London Missionary Society, [ca.1902?]. 24 p. : ill., ports. [New illustrated series of missionary biographies No.14] { CWML U233 }
 <mask> and the centenary of Protestant missions in China : notes for speakers. London : London Missionary Society, 1907. [8] p. { CWML Q222 }
 Three typical missionaries. By Rev George J. Williams [1864–?].[London] : London Missionary Society, [ca.1908?]. 8 p. [Outline missionary lessons for Sunday school teachers No.2] { CWML Q202 }
 Four lessons on <mask>. By Vera E. Walker. [London] : London Missionary Society, [ca.1920?]. 15 p. : ill. { CWML Q244 }
 <mask>, a master-builder. By Marshall Broomhall [1866–1937]. London, Livingstone Press, 1924. xvi, 238 p. ; front.(port. ), 1 ill. (plan) ; 19 cm. { CWML U169 }
 <mask> : China's pioneer. By Ernest Henry Hayes [1881–?]. London : Livingstone Press, 1925. 128 p.
 The years behind the wall. By Millicent and Margaret Thomas.London : Livingstone Press, 1936. 126 p. : ill. (some

masks:
Morrison
Robert Morrison
Robert Morrison
Robert Morrison
Robert Morrison
Robert Morrison
Robert Morrison


texts:
 col.), frontis., maps on lining papers ; 20 cm. { CWML R449 }
 <mask> : the scholar and the man. By Lindsay Ride [1898–1977]. Hong Kong (China) : Hong Kong University Press, 1957. vii, 48, [ii], 13, [12] p. : ill [Includes an illustrated catalogue of the exhibition held at the University of Hong Kong September 1957 to commemorate the 150th anniversary of <mask>'s arrival in China] { CWML M97 }
 The origins of the Anglo-American missionary enterprise in China, 1807–1840. By Murray A. Rubinstein [1942-]. Lanham, MD : Scarecrow Press, 1996. xi, 399 p. ; 23 cm.[ATLA monograph series no. 33]
 Chuan jiao wei ren Ma-li-xun 傳教偉人馬禮遜. Written by Hai-en-bo 海恩波著 [Marshall Broomhall, 1866–1937]; translated by Jian Youwen (簡又文). Xiang-gang 香港 : Jidujiao wenyi chubanshe 基督教文藝出版社, 2000. 178 p., [4] p. of plates : ill. ; 21 cm. [Translation of <mask>, a master-builder]
 <mask> and the Protestant Plan for China. By Christopher A.Daily. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2013. 276 p. [Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland Book Series, distributed in N. America and Europe by Columbia University Press]

External links

Andrew West, The Morrison Collection
Andrew West, A Chronology of <mask>'s Life
In Memory of <mask> at the Robert Morrison Project
 The library of <mask> comprising around 1500 works is held by SOAS Special Collections. Digitised materials from the collection can be viewed online here. 1782 births
1834 deaths
19th-century Scottish people
Alumni of the Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital
British expatriates in China
China–United Kingdom relations
Presbyterian missionaries in China
Christian

masks:
Robert Morrison
Robert Morrison
Robert Morrison
Robert Morrison
Morrison
Robert Morrison
Robert Morrison


texts:
 writers
Fellows of the Royal Society
Foreign relations of the Qing dynasty
People from Morpeth, Northumberland
Scottish Presbyterian missionaries
Persecution of Christians
Scottish Congregationalists
Scottish educational theorists
Scottish evangelicals
Scottish lexicographers
Scottish religious writers
Scottish translators
Translators of the Bible into Chinese
Presbyterian missionaries in Malaysia
Christian missionaries in Macau
Missionary linguists
19th-century


texts:
<mask>i is a Romanian writer, scriptwriter and theatre director. Biography
<mask>i was born in 1975, in Rădăuți, Suceava County. He is the Manager of The National Museum of Romanian Literature Iași and the Manager of the Iași International Festival of Literature and Translation (FILIT). He also works as senior editor of the Suplimentul de cultură weekly. Literary work
 Shortly before the Extraterrestrials Descended Among us (Cu puţin timp înaintea coborîrii extratereştrilor printre noi), novel, 1999
 The World Seen through a Hole the Width of a Spliff (Lumea văzută printr-o gaură de mărimea unei ţigări marijuana), short stories, 2000
 Our Circus Presents... (Circul nostru vă prezintă:), novel, 2002
 96-00. Short Stories (96-00. Povestiri), short stories, 2002
 Then I Clouted Him Twice (Atunci i-am ars două palme), short stories, 2004
 The Other Love Stories (Celelalte poveşti de dragoste), novel, 2009
 Matei the Brown (Matei Brunul), novel, 2011
 One + One (+ One...).Some Comedies (Unu + unu (+ unu...). Niște comedii), plays, 2014
 The One Who Calls the Dogs (Cel care cheamă câinii), novel, 2017

LTD made his literary debut in 1999, publishing his novel Shortly before the Extraterrestrials Descended Among us (Cu puţin timp înaintea coborîrii extratereştrilor printre noi), at the OuTopos Publishing House. The second revised and expanded edition was published by Polirom Publishing House, in Iaşi. In 2000, he went on to publish a collection of short stories entitled The World Seen through a Hole the Width of a Spliff (Lumea văzută printr-o gaură de mărimea unei ţigări marijuana), Tîrgu Jiu: Constantin Brâncuşi Foundation Press. Critical acclaim

masks:
Lucian Dan Teodorovic
Lucian Dan Teodorovic


texts: arrived in 2002, after Polirom published his novel Our Circus Presents... (Circul nostru vă prezintă:). The novel was translated into English, Spanish, Italian, Hungarian and Bulgarian. The main character of the book, a man of thirty, lives in a modest flat on the fifth floor of a housing block.Every Sunday, the protagonist performs a kind of ritual: he climbs onto the window ledge and waits for a suicidal urge, which, however, never comes. The events of the novel unfold over the course of three days. On the first day, the young man sets off to the town's railway station in search of prostitutes. On the way, he runs into another young man, known during the story as the "bloke with the orange braces", who has hanged himself from an old steam engine in an unused siding. The protagonist saves him and takes him to the station hospital, from where the bloke with the orange braces discharges himself on his own two feet. The main character will later find the man he saved in a railway workers’ bar. He is unwillingly embroiled in a fight provoked by the bloke with the orange braces, who breaks a chair over the head of one of the prostitutes in the bar, leaving her in a pool of blood.For the second time in the space of the same day, the protagonist saves the bloke with the orange braces, this time from the fury of the drinkers in the bar, and takes him back to his own flat. This is where the entire atmosphere of the story takes shape : a disabused world of strange neighbours and a building superintendent who is an old woman yearning for a relationship with a young man of thirty. During the other two days covered by the action of the novel, we discover


texts: that the young protagonist is a member of a kind of club for "professional suicides" – people in search of death, sometimes for the most stupid reasons and in the most bizarre ways: one wants to kill himself by sleeping with as many women of easy virtue as possible, in the hope of contracting a fatal disease; another wants to commit suicide by drinking huge quantities of the finest quality whiskey, until he falls into an alcoholic coma; etc. They are all "suicide artists", and it is into this strange group that the young man of thirty would now like to introduce his new friend. Parallel to these events, the two attempt to find out whether the prostitute in the bar has managed to survive being hit over the head with a chair. The answer will not be revealed until the end of the novel. The finale closes the circle of the tale: during a further visit to the railway station, the protagonist discovers that the prostitute has died.He does not tell his new friend about this. At the same time, however, frightened at the turn that events have taken, he comes up with a plan : he convinces the bloke with the orange braces to go to the station, to the locomotive where he first found him. And he proposes that they both commit suicide. The young man tells his companion that in this way the railway workers will understand that they both regret the incident with the prostitute – and they will be forgiven. In fact, the protagonist's plan is to free himself from the noose and to chase away anyone who tries to save the other, allowing him to die and thereby escaping from any legal consequences of his association with the prostitute's murderer. The plan fails,


texts: however, for various reasons – the protagonist does not allow his new friend to die, but rather tells him the truth about the prostitute and about what he has been planning. It all ends with a roar of laughter, an agonised roar of laughter which consecrates the general principle and theme of the book, according to which whoever has failed at everything else in life can only be consistent and fail at his own death.Same year, 2002, LDT published another collection of short stories, entitled 96-00. Short Stories (96-00. Povestiri), at LiterNet, an online publishing house, in Bucharest. Then I Clouted Him Twice (Atunci i-am ars două palme/ short stories, Iaşi: Polirom, 2004) is divided into three sections. In the first, the texts centre on the grotesque side of insignificant events, and the humour tempers the dramatic intensity of situations in which we all might find ourselves. The second, autobiographical section is in fact a short novel about childhood during the communist period, in which a cruel system is presented from the viewpoint of a child. Finally, the short stories of the third section have a social and sometimes political moral, displaying a dark, dry humour, which often borders on the absurd.The book was published into German in 2009 (Dann ist mir die Hand ausgerutscht, Ludwisburg: Pop Verlag). The next book of LDT, a novel entitled The Other Love Stories (Celelalte poveşti de dragoste), was published by Polirom in 2009, and it was translated into: Italian, French, Polish and Bulgarian. The Other Love Stories might be regarded as a modular novel. Its eleven sequences can function both as self-contained prose pieces and as episodes in a


texts: single narrative, whose central theme is failed love. This failure can unfold at a number of levels, with each "story" bringing with it an additional nuance, an additional idea to give shape to the whole. In the book, two central characters pass from one sequence to the next, namely the character of the narrator, who is a journalist for a local newspaper, and his wife. Their story takes shape not only by means of narratives from various periods in the narrator's life (childhood, adolescence, the present), but also in the tales of secondary characters, in which the narrator is involved in one way or another.One after the other and in surprising ways, all these sequences provide various angles from which love can be viewed, while failure, an idea that insinuates itself at the close of the volume, demands that each separate story and each choice made at one time or another by the central character should be re-evaluated. One of the sequences of the book, entitled Goose Chase, was published in the acclaimed American anthology Best European Fiction – 2011, ed. by Aleksandar Hemon, Dalkey Archive Press. A resounding success with public and critics alike, his latest novel, Matei the Brown (Matei Brunul), Iaşi: Polirom, 2011, was awarded numerous prizes and has been translated into French, at Gaïa Éditions, and it was very well received by the press. The novel has been translated also into Bulgarian, Hungarian, Polish, and is due to be translated into English and to be published by (Dalkey Archive Press). Matei The Brown is set in the period between 1945 and 1959. The novel's protagonist, Bruno Matei, a Romanian puppeteer of Italian ancestry, is


texts: presented from two different perspectives, on two narrative levels.In the first, which unfolds in Iași, over the course of the year 1959, he is suffering from partial amnesia following an accident, and is a free man, albeit constantly shadowed by Bojin, the secret policeman assigned to him. A relationship develops between him and the secret policeman, and a series of ‘mysteries’ regarding Bruno Matei's past life are placed in circulation. As a diversion, the Securitate invents dramatic events in the main character's past, events which obviously never took place, but whose sole purpose is to remould his present, to make him docile and obedient to the new totalitarian order. The second narrative, equal in length to the first, focuses on Bruno Matei's real past, spent in four communist prisons: the Uranus Penitentiary in Bucharest, the Valea Neagră Peninsula Penal Colony, Galaţi Penitentiary, and Iași Penitentiary. The two narratives unfold in parallel, so that the Securitate’s diversionary actions are one by one exploded by the often disarmingly innocent story of a man crushed beneath the juggernaut of the social and political changes that swept Eastern Europe in the second half of the twentieth century. Matei the Brown is the first purely fictional work to explore the communist prison system in Romanian literature. The blurb for the back cover of the English edition of the novel (in print) is written by the acclaimed writer and literary critic David Lodge.He wrote: "So many excellent novels have been written about life under communism in Soviet Russia and the countries of Eastern Europe that it difficult for any writer today to find an original


texts:
 way to depict the oppressiveness, inhumanity, and institutionalised injustice of those regimes before they began to collapse in 1989. But <mask> Teodorovici has succeeded in «Matei Brunul». [...] It is a remarkable achievement by a writer who was born in 1975 and had no personal experience of the era it describes, bearing comparison with classics of the genre such as Milan Kundera's «The Joke». Such books are salutary reminders to British readers of how lucky we are never to have lived in a totalitarian state". His most recent novel, The One Who Calls the Dogs (Cel care cheamă câinii), has been published in 2017 by Polirom Publishing House, and it is an autobiographical novel written while the author was struggling to fight against lymph cancer. This novel also has a great success in Romania, with many good reviews. Awards and recognition
 2011: The Contrafort "Book of the Year" award.2012: The Observator cultural National Award for Prose. 2012: The "Augustin Frăţilă" literary prize for the best novel of the year. 2012: The Ziarul de Iasi National Award for Prose. 2012: The Readers' Choice at the Romanian Book Market Awards. 2015: The Natalia Gorbaniewska Reader's Choice Award (The Angelus Prize for Literature, in Wroclaw, Poland). Screenplays
 Animat Planet Show (between 2005 and 2008 – 7 seasons), in coll. with Florin Lăzărescu, broadcast by the Antena 1 television channel.One Second of Life/ O secundă de viață (feature-length film adaptation of "Our Circus Presents..). I’m a Communist Old Lady/ Sînt o babă comunistă (feature-length film). Chocolates/ Bomboane de ciocolată (short film). A Good Day/ O zi bună (short film). Goose Chase/ După


texts:
 gâște (short film). Grasshopers/ Greieri (short film). References

External links
 The Author Page on the RomanianWriters' site
 Amazon’s <mask> Teodorovici page
 Author Profile on Goodreads
 Author Profile on Babelio
 <mask> Teodorovici's page at Polirom Publishing House, Romania
 <mask> Teodorovici's page at Dalkey Archive Press, USA&UK
 <mask> Teodorovici's page at Gaïa Éditions, France
 <mask> Teodorovici's page at Amaltea Publishing House, Poland

1975 births
Film people from Iași
Living people
Romanian editors
Romanian journalists
Writers from Iași
Romanian dramatists and playwrights
Romanian male novelists
Romanian novelists
Minimalist writers
Male dramatists and playwrights
Directors of museums in Romania
Romanian male short story writers
Romanian short story writers
Romanian screenwriters
Romanian theatre directors
Romanian writers in

masks:
Lucian Dan
Lucian Dan
Lucian Dan
Lucian Dan
Lucian Dan


texts: Abu al-<mask> (;  – 673), also known as <mask> ibn Abi Sufyan (), was an administrator and statesman of the successive Rashidun and Umayyad caliphates in the mid-7th century. He served as the governor of Basra in 665–670 and ultimately the first governor of Iraq and practical viceroy of the eastern Caliphate between 670 and his death. <mask>'s parentage is obscure, but he was raised among the Banu Thaqif in Ta'if, near Mecca. He arrived with his adoptive tribesmen in Basra upon its foundation in 636 as the Muslim Arabs' springboard for the conquest of the Sasanian Empire. He was initially employed by the city's first governor, <mask>zini, and was kept on as a scribe or secretary by his successors. Caliph Ali () appointed Ziyad governor of Fars to suppress a local rebellion and he maintained his loyalty to Ali's caliphate after the latter's assassination in 661 and the subsequent rule of Ali's enemy, Mu'awiya I (). The latter overcame Ziyad's opposition, formally recognized him as his own paternal half-brother and appointed him governor of Basra.<mask>'s inaugural speech, in which he announced his carrot-and-stick approach to governing the city's turbulent population, is celebrated in Arab history for its eloquence. After the death of Kufa's governor, Ziyad's mentor al-Mughira ibn Shu'ba, Mu'awiya made <mask> the first governor of a unified Iraqi province. He administratively reorganized the garrison cities and minted

masks:
Mughira Ziyad ibn Abihi
Ziyad
Ziyad
Uba ibn Gzwan al Ma
Ziyad
Ziyad


texts:
 Sasanian-style silver dirhams in his own name. He firmly established Arab power and recommenced conquests in the Caliphate's easternmost province of Khurasan by relocating there 50,000 Arab soldiers and their families from Iraq and dispatching expeditionary forces against Tukharistan, Balkh and Quhistan. Although the mass resettlement improved Iraq's economic and political conditions by siphoning off Arab tribal soldiers from the overcrowded garrisons and creating new opportunities for war spoils, the move had major ramifications for the Caliphate as the descendants of these Khurasani Arab troops formed the army that toppled the Umayyads in 750. <mask> died near Kufa in 673, but his sons Ubayd Allah, Abd al-Rahman, Salm, Abbad and Yazid went on to hold posts as governors or deputy governors of Iraq, Khurasan and Sijistan. <mask> was the subject of early Arabic biographies and is remembered in Arab history as one of the four great wise men of his era and as a highly skilled administrator and orator.His administration in Iraq served as a model for his successors. Origins
<mask> was likely born in Ta'if in 622 or 623/24. His precise parentage is obscure, hence his frequent name in the sources as Ziyād ibn Abīhi ("Ziyad son of his father"). He was the illegitimate son of a certain Sumayya, his father being unknown. The origins of Sumayya are also obscure. The 9th-century historians al-Baladhuri and Awana ibn al-Hakam both

masks: Ziyad Ziyad Ziyad