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 [peasants] people now. This is the most extraordinary race of the world that can only be loved and respected.How unfortunate that the political intelligentia doesn’t do anything else, just corrupts this great and God-blessed people." Assassination attempts

For many, he was the representative of the war policy in the Monarchy, so he was an assassination target. The fourth assassination attempt against him was successful. The first attempt was made in the Hungarian parliament in 1912 by Gyula Kovács, an opposition politician. He shot two bullets, but missed <mask>. Kovács was arrested by the police, but he was acquitted by the court, the justification was "temporary insanity". The second was made by a soldier when <mask> was returning from the front line during the war.The bullet missed him. The third attempt came on 16 October 1918 when János Lékai, a member of the society Galilei-circle and an anti-military group led by Ottó Korvin, tried to kill <mask> while he was leaving the Hungarian Parliament, but the revolver malfunctioned and <mask> managed to flee. The assassin was sent to prison but was released after 15 days during the Chrysanthemum Revolution. The fourth and successful attempt came on 31 October 1918, when soldiers broke into his home, the Róheim Villa in Budapest, Hermina út 35., (today the Villa is at nr. 45.) in front of his wife and his grandniece. Some sources suggest these were disgruntled deserters who blamed <mask> for having started the war.Subsequently, Mihály Károlyi's government initiated an investigation but the identity of the killers was not confirmed at that time, however, family members had identified individuals that


type: original

texts:
 they said were the killers. In the trial that followed the fall of the Communist regime and ended on 6 October 1921, Judge <mask> Gadó established the guilt of Pál Kéri, who was exchanged with the Soviet Union; József Pogány, aka John Pepper, who fled to Vienna, then Moscow and the USA; <mask> Dobó; Tivadar Horváth Sanovics, who also fled; Sándor Hüttner, who died in a prison hospital in 1923; and Tibor Sztanykovszky, who was the only one to serve his 18-year sentence, being released in 1938. Sigmund Freud, Austrian neurologist – who knew both politicians personally, wrote about the assassination of <mask> <mask> and the appointment of Mihály Károlyi as new prime minister of Hungary:

Personal life
He married his first degree cousin, Ilona <mask> de Borosjenő. They had two children together. István (1886–1918)
 Juliska (1888-1894)

His son, <mask> died of Spanish flu on 5 November 1918, five days after the death of the father. <mask> was a "champion duellist" who "had fought more duels than any man in Europe and had never once been seriously wounded". Having been taught by "the best masters in Germany, France and Italy", he was equally adept with sword or pistol, despite (by 1913) having had a cataract operation on one of his eyes and wearing "think horn-rimmed spectacles".In January 1913, he fought Mihály Károlyi in a 34-bout duel with cavalry sabres which lasted an hour until <mask> cut Károlyi's arm and the seconds ended the duel. A week later he fought Aladár Széchenyi, again with sabres - the duel lasted one bout, ending with <mask> wounding Széchenyi with "a long cut across the head". On about 20 August 1913, <mask> fought György Pallavacini

masks: István István István Tisza Tisza István Tisza Tisza Tisza Tisza


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 (son-in-law and supporter of Opposition leader Gyula Andrássy) at a Budapest fencing school in a duel with "heavy cavalry sabres" and "only slight protection of the body was allowed". After nine bouts, both duellists were bleeding from cuts to their foreheads, and the seconds declared both principals unable to continue - "[t]he two men shook hands, then embraced, kissing each other on both cheeks, and declared themselves reconciled." Honors
A István Tisza postage stamp was issued by Hungary on 1 July 1932 in the Famous Hungarians series. Orders and decorations
 : Commander Grand Cross of the Order of Vasa, 1904
 : Grand Cross of the Order of St. Stephen, 1912; in Diamonds, 1916

See also
 Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I

Notes

References

Deák, Istvan "The Decline and Fall of Habsburg Hungary, 1914–18" in Hungary in Revolution edited by Ivan Volgyes (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1971) pages 10–30 from . Menczer, Béla "Bela Kun and the Hungarian Revolution of 1919"History Today Volume XIX, Issue #5, May 1969,  pages 299–309.Vermes, Gábor. "The October Revolution in Hungary" Hungary in Revolution edited by Ivan Volgyes (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1971) pages 31–60. Vermes, Gábor.. <mask> <mask>: the liberal vision and conservative statecraft of a Magyar nationalist (East European Monographs, 1985). Further reading

 Hitchins, Keith. "The Nationality Problem in Hungary: Istvan <mask> and the Rumanian National Party, 1910-1914." Journal of Modern History 53.4 (1981): 619–651. online
 Matthaei, Louise E. "Light on Austria's War Guilt: Analysis of the New Red Book" Current History 12#3 (June, 1920), pp.535–540 online, focus

masks: István Tisza Tisza


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 on Tisza. Poloskei, F. "Istvan <mask>'s Policy toward the Romanian Nationalities on the Eve of World War 1", Acta Historica: Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 18 (1972). Ress, Imre. "<mask> <mask> and Austria–Hungary’s Balkan Policy." in Bulgaria and Hungary in the First World War: A View from the 21st Century ed by  Gábor Demeter et al. (2020) pp. 133+.online
 Vermes, Gabor  <mask> <mask>: The Liberal Vision and Conservative Statecraft of a Magyar Nationalist (Columbia University Press, 1986);  online review
 Williamson, Samuel R. Austria-Hungary and the origins of the First World War (Macmillan International Higher Education, 1990). External links

1861 births
1918 deaths
1918 murders in Europe
1910s murders in Hungary
Assassinated politicians
Deaths by firearm in Hungary
Politicians from Budapest
Prime Ministers of Hungary
Speakers of the House of Representatives of Hungary
Hungarian Calvinist and Reformed Christians
Istvan, Tisza
Hungarian Interior Ministers
Foreign ministers of Hungary
Ministers of Croatian Affairs of Hungary
Children of prime ministers of Hungary
Hungarian monarchists
Hungarian anti-communists
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
Grand Crosses of the Order of Vasa
Male murder victims
Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War

masks: Tisza István Tisza István Tisza


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<mask> (pronounced FRY-BERG) (born August 24, 1938) is an American musician best known for contributing vocals, keyboards, electric bass, rhythm guitar, viola and percussion as a member of Quicksilver Messenger Service, Jefferson Airplane, and Jefferson Starship. Among other tracks, he co-wrote "Jane," a hit for Jefferson Starship. Career

Singer-songwriter
Classically trained in violin and viola, <mask> began his career moonlighting as a coffeehouse singer-songwriter (playing acoustic guitar) during the American folk music revival while working for a railroad. For a while, he shared a house in Venice, California with <mask> and Paul Kantner before being briefly jailed for marijuana possession. Prior to being incarcerated, he also became acquainted with Dino Valenti, then Crosby's nominal roommate on a houseboat in Sausalito, California. During his time as a coffee house folk singer, he was part of the duo David & Michaela. David & Michaela made a demo at CBS studios, and "Elektra producer Paul Rothchild proposed fitting them into a bigger folk group.But the onset of the Beatles spelled the end of <mask> & Michaela, and incentive for <mask> to switch to rock and electric instruments." Quicksilver Messenger Service

Following his release, <mask> co-founded Quicksilver Messenger Service with guitarists John Cipollina, Jim Murray and Gary Duncan and drummer Greg Elmore in 1965. The founding took place shortly after Valenti, who had recently hired the musicians for his backing band following the folk rock explosion, was imprisoned for drugs. Due to the surfeit of guitarists in the group, <mask> (who was only tangentially acquainted with his bandmates through their mutual friendship with Valenti, with Cipollina remarking that they had been instructed to "take care" of him) was assigned the bass. Freiberg shared lead vocals with Gary Duncan for much of the band's history and regularly contributed additional guitar and

masks:
David Freiberg
Freiberg
David Crosby
David
Freiberg
Freiberg
Freiberg


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 keyboards to their studio recordings. As the "most folk-rooted member" of Quicksilver, he also reworked a number of songs from the folk revival and singer-songwriter repertoires (most notably Hamilton Camp's "Pride of Man") for the group. He would play on six of the eight Quicksilver albums.Though not as commercially successful as contemporaries like Jefferson Airplane, Big Brother and the Holding Company and the Grateful Dead, Quicksilver was integral to the development of the San Francisco sound. In addition to earning three Billboard Top 100 hits, several of their albums ranked in the Top 30 of the magazine's album chart. He continued to serve as the group's bassist and contribute to the band's songwriting until September 1971, when he left the group to begin another prison sentence for marijuana possession. His most notable songwriting contributions include "The Fool" and "Light Your Windows", both co-written with Duncan. Jefferson Airplane
Shortly after being released from jail in 1972, <mask> joined Jefferson Airplane at the behest of Kantner, belatedly replacing Marty Balin on vocals and tambourine for the tour that supported Long John Silver. He subsequently appeared on Thirty Seconds Over Winterland (1973), a live album culled from those performances. After the tour ended, <mask>, Kantner, and Slick released Baron Von Tollbooth & the Chrome Nun as a trio in 1973.Jefferson Starship
After a long interregnum in which the fate of the band was in question (forcing <mask> to briefly draw unemployment after RCA Records rescinded Jefferson Airplane's salaries), the final Jefferson Airplane lineup reformed as Jefferson Starship in early 1974 following the departure of lead guitarist Jorma Kaukonen and bassist Jack Casady. He remained with the group for nearly eleven years, departing shortly after the formation of Starship in early 1985 due to creative differences over the selection and recording of "We Built This City"

masks: Freiberg Freiberg Freiberg


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 with Grace Slick (who, according to longtime manager Bill Thompson, considered Freiberg to be "dead weight") and the atypically outsized role of producer Peter Wolf; during this period, Wolf had effectively superseded Freiberg as the band's principal keyboardist in the studio and select live performances. Freiberg would later say of the departure: "The only thing real on that song were the vocals and the guitar. I was useless, so I left." He also clarified that “it completely turned away from anything organic, and it wasn’t really what I did.”

Although <mask> (who primarily played keyboards) and fellow multi-instrumentalist Pete Sears (who generally played bass) frequently alternated on both instruments throughout their respective tenures in the group, Ben Fong-Torres noted in a 1978 profile of the group that "Freiberg considers himself primarily a bass player." He elaborated upon this distinction in a 1997 interview with John Barthel: "I am not really a keyboard player. I use it for input to a computer now, and stuff like that, but it never was my instrument.I just did it for writing songs because it is a musical typewriter, basically, that is what it is." Never a prolific songwriter and characterized by Fong-Torres as "essentially a back-up musician" in Jefferson Starship, <mask> notably served as the primary composer of "Jane." According to Rolling Stone, the song "was instrumental in moving them into a more commercial, harder-rock direction." "Jane" was a No. 14 hit for the group in 1979 at a crucial juncture immediately following the departures of Slick and Balin and the integration of Mickey Thomas. It has since been prominently showcased in the 2009 video game Grand Theft Auto IV: The Lost and Damned and as the opening theme of the Wet Hot American Summer franchise. Freiberg also developed the "distinctive" organ riff of Balin's "Miracles," the group's most successful single.Following his departure from

masks: Freiberg Freiberg


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 Jefferson Starship, he built and operated a studio in Marin County, often working with local musicians. According to Bruce Arnold of Orpheus, "He has developed a wonderful way of recording my acoustic guitar and has a $100,000 voice mike that will make anyone sound good." He was the only member of Quicksilver Messenger Service to participate in the majority of the Planet Earth Rock and Roll Orchestra records (a series of solo albums and unreleased recordings by Crosby, Kantner and others that drew upon much of the era's Bay Area-based talent) and briefly provided uncredited accompaniment for The Ace of Cups, a groundbreaking all-female San Francisco band. Jefferson Starship: The Next Generation

After a two-decade hiatus, <mask> rejoined Kantner in Jefferson Starship: The Next Generation for their 2005 tour, mending a rift stemming from <mask>'s initial refusal to leave Jefferson Starship with Kantner in 1984. The tour was billed as "The Jefferson Family Galactic Reunion". According to Freiberg, Kantner had been "absolutely right" in leaving Jefferson Starship in the 1980s, and he "apologized." He became a permanent member of the reformed band.He appeared on the 2008 album Jefferson's Tree of Liberty. <mask> held his first solo show in 2007 on November 24 in the lounge of the Ledson Hotel on the Sonomoa Plaza. He performed a number of songs not played live before. In 2007, he was still performing in Quicksilver, and he toured alongside Paul Kantner in the then current Jefferson Starship. In April 2017, the current members of Jefferson Starship were sued by former lead guitarist Craig Chaquico for not retiring the band's name in the aftermath of Kantner's death. According to Chaquico, the band had previously agreed to retire the moniker in a 1985 settlement. On December 4, 2018, the lawsuit concerning the use of the name Jefferson Starship was dismissed after an undisclosed settlement was reached between Chaquico and


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 the current members of the band.The band was still touring in July 2018, with <mask> singing lead on tracks such as "We Built This City". At age 79, <mask> remained the only active original member in the band. In November 2018, Freiberg is collaborating with the Dayton Symphony. Personal life

In 1966, <mask> married Julia "<mask>" Brigden; they had a daughter, Jessica. Following their divorce in 1979, <mask> was remarried to singer Linda Imperial in 1990. Around 1968, he moved into a house in Novato that had previously been rented by Bob Weir and Ron McKernan. He and his family reside in the same house, where he has built a recording studio and practices Soka Gakkai.Rolling Stone has described him as "Starship's most outwardly easygoing member." Discography

Quicksilver Messenger Service
Quicksilver Messenger Service (1968)
Happy Trails (1969)
Shady Grove (1969)
Just For Love (1970)
What About Me (1970)
Solid Silver (1975)

Jefferson Airplane/Jefferson Starship/Paul Kantner/Grace Slick
Blows Against the Empire (Paul Kantner & Jefferson Starship) (1970)
Thirty Seconds Over Winterland (Jefferson Airplane) (1973)
Baron von Tollbooth & the Chrome Nun (Paul Kantner, Grace Slick and <mask>) (1973)
Manhole (Grace Slick) (1974)
Dragon Fly (1974)
Red Octopus (1975)
Spitfire (1976)
Earth (1978)
Freedom at Point Zero (1979)
Modern Times (1981)
Winds of Change (1982)
Planet Earth Rock and Roll Orchestra (Paul Kantner) (1983)
Nuclear Furniture (1984)
Jefferson's Tree of Liberty (2008)
Mother of the Sun (2020)

Other

References

1938 births
Living people
American rock bass guitarists
American male bass guitarists
Musicians from Boston
Quicksilver Messenger Service members
Jefferson Airplane members
Jefferson Starship members
Guitarists from Massachusetts
American male guitarists
Musicians from San Francisco
American rock keyboardists
Rhythm guitarists
Guitarists from San Francisco
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century

masks:
Freiberg
Freiberg
Freiberg
Girl Freiberg
Freiberg
David Freiberg


texts: H. (Hanumanthappa<mask> (more popularly <mask>; 6 June 1920 – 31 January 2005) was an Indian physicist, educator, writer, freedom fighter and rationalist from Karnataka. Publicly known as "HN", he was the Vice-Chancellor of Bangalore University and the president of the National Education Society. He was conferred the Padma Bhushan award by the Government of India in 1984. As there was no formal school in Hossur, where he was born, he attended the Government School in Gauribidanur, and continued high school at the National High School, Basavanagudi in Bangalore. He walked 85 km for two days to reach the city. A meeting with Mahatma Gandhi in 1936, in which he served as an interpreter to Gandhi, inspired him to follow Gandhism the rest of his life. While in his final year of BSc at the Central College of Bangalore, he gave up his education to join Gandhi's Quit India movement in 1942.He was arrested and imprisoned for about nine months. He finished his bachelor's degree with physics honours in 1944, and master's degree in 1946. He was immediately recruited to the faculty of physics at the National College, Bangalore, where he taught until 1957. He went for doctoral research in the United States and earned a PhD in 1960 in nuclear physics from Ohio State University. From 1961 he was Principal of the National College, Basavanagudi. He became the Vice-Chancellor of the Bangalore University in 1972, the post he held until his resignation in 1977. He went on to serve in the Karnataka Legislative Council.A self-proclaimed rationalist, he was a renowned sceptic. While in office, he constituted and chaired the "Committee to Investigate Miracles and Other Verifiable Superstitions" that led to public challenges of the miraculous claims of Hindu godmen, including Sathya Sai Baba and Sai Krishna. As a leader of the Karnataka legislators to investigate a black-magic curse called banamathi, he disproved the existence of such claims. He was the founder of the Bangalore

masks:
) Narasimhaiah
Hossur Narasimhaiah


texts:
 Science Forum. He is so far the only Indian to become elected Fellow of the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal. Life

<mask> was born in Hossur, a village near Gauribidanur in Karnataka, India. His father was a village school teacher, and mother, a labourer.He had a younger sister. Having no formal school in his village, he attended the Government School in Gauribidanur, the nearest town. He completed his elementary education in the primary school, which had no further studies beyond eighth standard. He stopped school for a year. His school headmaster M.S. Narayana Raio, who had just been transferred to the National High School, Basavanagudi in Bangalore, invited and helped him get admission in his new school. Without money, he went on foot to Bangalore (about 85 km), taking two days to arrive, and joined the school in 1935.He stayed with his headmaster for six months, until he could get allotment in the school hostel, the Poor Boys' Home, as he called it. He met with Mahatma Gandhi when the latter visited the National High School in 1936. His teacher selected him to be the interpreter of Gandhi's Hindi speech into Kannada. From this moment on, his life was entirely influenced by Gandhi's views and lifestyle, including wearing khadi throughout his life. He went on to Central College of Bangalore studying for his B.Sc. During his final year in 1942, Gandhi launched the Quit India movement to end British rule. He gave up his degree to join the movement, the event which he described as "the most momentous decision in my life."The consequence of his decision was his imprisonment for nearly nine months, in different jails, in Yerwada Central Jail, in Mysore jail and in the Central Jail in Bangalore. Comparing his Central College hostel and the Central Jail, he remarked that he found "no difference" between the two as both provided him "free boarding and lodging." After a year he completed his bachelor's degree, B.Sc. with


texts:
 physics honours. He earned his MSc in physics with first class from the Central College in 1946. The same year he started his academic career as a lecturer at the National College, Bangalore. After teaching for over ten years, in 1957, he went to Columbus, Ohio, for further degree.He received his PhD degree in nuclear physics from the Ohio State University in 1960. His thesis was The Radioactive Decay of Hafnium and Thulium Isotopes. From 1961 to 1972 he was Principal of the National College, Basavanagudi, in Bangalore. He became the fourth Vice-Chancellor of the Bangalore University from 1972, and was reappointed in 1975. He remained in office until 1977, during this time he introduced psychology, social work, drama, music and dance as new subjects. He went on to serve the Karnataka Legislative Council. At the time of his death, he was the President of the National Education Society of Karnataka.Narasimhiah was a connoisseur of Carnatic Music and had close association with the renowned Carnatic Musician R K Padmanabha. R K Padmanabha led a 1000 people goshti in remembrance of Dr H Narasimhiah as a mark of respect. <mask> remained a confirmed bachelor. He quipped,

He was considered as champion of humanism and atheism in India. But he described himself as rationalist, and added,

In his later years, he suffered from prolonged septicaemia and died on 31 January 2005 in an intensive care unit of Maiya Multi-speciality Hospital in Bangalore. His body was kept in the National High School for public viewing. He was cremated, as he had willed (he had reserved INR 2,000 for it), at Hossur with a state official funeral the same day evening.Contributions

<mask> wrote a collection of essays titled Tereda Mana ('ತೆರೆದ ಮನ', Open Mind) and an autobiography named Horaatada Haadi ('ಹೋರಾಟದ ಹಾದಿ', The Path of Struggle). In 1962, he founded the Bangalore Science Forum, which conducts a weekly series of public lectures on science topics. This non-profit organisation has

masks: Narasimhaiah Narasimhaiah


texts: conducted almost 2,000 popular science lectures by eminent scientists and over 500 popular science films. He was also responsible for establishing the Bangalore Lalithakala Parishat and B.V. Jagadeesh Science Centre. As a Vice-Chancellor, he constituted and chaired the "Committee to Investigate Miracles and Other Verifiable Superstitions" in 1976. Members of the committee included scientists, academics and rationalists such as A.R. Vasudeva Murthy, Roddam Narasimha, Vinodha Murthy, Anupama Niranjana and A.M. Dharmalingam.The committee aimed to debunk claims of miracles and paranormal phenomena, specifically by Hindu godmen. The first challenged was Sathya Sai Baba, one of the most prominent godmen of India, who was observed to materialise holy ash and objects out of thin air, among other reported miracles such as bi-location and healing of the sick and wounded. <mask> personally wrote three letters to Sai Baba asking him to publicly demonstrate the miracles under controlled conditions. Sai Baba refused to comply, and remarked, "Science must confine its inquiry only to things belonging to the human senses, while spiritualism transcends the senses." <mask> commented this refusal as indication of fraudulence in the miracle stories. A public controversy and debate then ensued. When the committee requested to visit Sai Baba, he locked himself in.The committee was also involved in exposing a 7-year old Sai Krishna of Pandavapura (a tiny village near Mysore), a mini-Avatar and an alleged protégé of Sathya Sai Baba. This exposition compelled many godmen to admit that they did not have special abilities. The committee was dissolved in 1977, as he was forced to resign from the office of Vice Chancellor. In 1985, <mask> challenged a godman, Shivabalayogi, who claimed that he could let down rain by praying. To test the claim, Shivabalayogi was to specifically fill up the T.G. Halli reservoir by rain to feed Bangalore. It never rained.Although a Hindu by birth, <mask>

masks: Narasimhaiah Narasimhaiah Narasimhaiah Narasimhaiah


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 refused to practice religious rituals. He did not perform tonsure (cutting the hair off the head) upon the death of his father. He would eat food during a solar eclipse to demonstrate that it does not cause indigestion, as Hindus believed to be so and would fast. He did inaugurate the procession at Dasera, a festival with homage to Goddess Chamundeshwari, in 2004. But he explained that it was out of respect of "tradition and culture". His famous quote is: A poor teacher complains, an average teacher explains, a good teacher teaches, a great teacher inspires. Awards and honours

<mask> was conferred the Padma Bhushan in 1984, the third highest civilian awards instituted by the Government of India, for his services in literature and education.He received the Tamrapatra award for his participation in the Indian Freedom Struggle. For his contribution to the popularisation of science he won the Sir M Vishweshwaraiah Award. He was also the only Indian to be elected Fellow of the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP International), set up by Paul Kurtz in the USA. He received the Sahitya Akademi book prizes for his books Horaatada Haadi and Tereda Mana. In 1983, he was elected the president of Indian Rationalist Association. He was awarded the Rajyotsava Prashasti, the second highest civilian honour, and Basava Puraskara (2001) of the Karnataka state government. He also received the Karnataka Nataka Academy Fellowship in 1990, the Nadoja award (equivalent to Honorary Doctor of Letters) by Kannada University at Hampi, in 1996, and Honorary D.Lit from the Gulbarga University.In 1995, the Government of India (under the ministry led by Deve Gowda) appointed him Chairman of the Kannada Development Authority. In 1980, the Karnataka state government under Gundu Rao nominated him to the Karnataka Legislative Council, which he refused. He served as an independent legislator. He became the head of a legislature committee which


texts:
 investigated banamathi (a black magic involving curse) in some villages of northern Karnataka. His committee concluded that there was no such thing. He was awarded the Goruru Award in 2001. In 2003, he received the Jawaharlal Nehru National Prize for popularising science, on behalf of the Karnataka Science Forum.He was awarded by the then Prime Minister of India, Atal Behari Vajpayee. In April 2011 the executive council of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI, formerly Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal) selected <mask> for inclusion in CSI's Pantheon of Skeptics. The Pantheon of Skeptics was created by CSI to remember the legacy of deceased fellows of CSI and their contributions to the cause of scientific skepticism. There is a school named in his honour, H<mask> Memorial High School in Hossur, established in 1991. See also
Sathya Sai Baba#Criticism

References

Further reading
Haraldsson, Erlendur, Miracles are my visiting cards , published by Sai Towers, Prashanthi Nilayam (1997) chapter 21 The Critics
<mask>, H. (editor) Science, Nonscience and Paranormal, Bangalore Science Forum (1987)

External links
  by A. Narayana Article in the newspaper The Hindu 4 April 2004
 Biography at Rationalist International
 Tributes to H.<mask>
 <mask> passes into history
Past & Present Rationalist and nationalist article by Ramachandra Guha in The Hindu 27 February 2005
The Blitz interview Sathya Sai Baba's September 1976 interview with editor R. K. Karanjia of Blitz News Magazine, containing a rebuttal to Narasimhaiah
Dr. HN's Room at National college Hostel on YouTube

1920 births
2005 deaths
Critics of Sathya Sai Baba
Educators from Karnataka
Indian independence activists from Karnataka
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education
Indian sceptics
Scientists from Bangalore
Bangalore University faculty
Indian atheists
Indian rationalists
Indian nuclear physicists
20th-century Indian physicists
20th-century

masks:
Narasimhaiah
. Narasimhaiah
Narasimhaiah
Narasimhaiah
H Narasimhaiah


texts:
<mask> (born 15 March 1975) is a South African politician. Born in Port Shepstone, in the province of Natal, <mask> soon moved to Khayelitsha and became politically active in the area. He was a member of the African National Congress (ANC) and United Democratic Movement (UDM), prior to joining the Democratic Alliance (DA) in 2008. He was elected as a DA Member of the Western Cape Provincial Parliament in 2009. Premier Helen Zille appointed him as the Provincial Minister for Housing. In 2014, he was named Provincial Minister of Human Settlements. A year later, in 2015, Madikizela unseated party stalwart Theuns Botha as deputy provincial leader of the DA.DA Provincial leader Patricia de Lille resigned in February 2017 and left Madikizela in charge as acting provincial leader. He won a full term in October 2017. In 2019, <mask> became the Provincial Minister of Transport and Public Works. After a qualifications scandal, he resigned as Provincial Leader of the DA on 28 April 2021, six months after his re-election in November 2020. He also resigned from the provincial cabinet and the provincial parliament, but will remain a DA member. He said that he was not pressured to resign as DA provincial leader. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Port Shepstone, Natal on 15 March 1975.His aunt was prominent anti-apartheid activist Winnie <mask> Mandela. His brother was murdered in 1990 and he then moved to Chatsworth, living in Welbedacht. Madikizela and a community leader formed the Welbedacht Development Forum to assist the poor residents of the community. In 1991, he dropped out of Asoka Secondary School and worked at a shoe factory shop in Croftdene. In 1998, Madikizela moved to Cape Town to live with his brother. His brother helped him enrol at a computer school and Madikizela soon started studying human resource management at the University of South Africa (UNISA). Madikizela worked as a car guard at a theme park.He soon moved back to Chatsworth and completed a course in computer training. He also became a member of the Chatsworth Child Welfare organisation. Madikizela moved back to Cape Town in 2002 and became active in politics. In April 2021, <mask> came under scrutiny (see

masks:
Bonginkosi Success Madikizela
Madikizela
Madikizela
Madikizela
Madikizela
Madikizela


texts:
 below) after he had lied about having a BCom degree. Political career

Early career
<mask> had previously been an active member of the ANC. He became prominent in 2005, when he led a group of disaffected ANC members in the Makhaza area of Khayelitsha who had been supportive of former Western Cape Premier and ANC Provincial Chairperson Ebrahim Rasool in his leadership battle with Mcebisi Skwatsha. After Skwatsha won the leadership election, <mask> and some of Rasool's supporters in Khayelitsha claimed that they were being marginalised, and later excluded as possible ANC candidates for the local government elections in 2006.In early 2006, <mask> along with several other ANC members, including some party councillors, were expelled from the party after it became known of their intention to contest the local government elections as independent candidates. Although he was not elected as a councillor, <mask> remained politically active, joining the United Democratic Movement (UDM) in 2007. He was appointed the party's Cape Town Metro Regional Secretary until a party investigation found that he had secretly convinced party members to join the Democratic Alliance. He was subsequently hired as a communication officer at the City of Cape Town, and later a spokesperson in the office of former Mayor of Cape Town, Helen Zille. Joining the DA and Western Cape Provincial Government
He officially became a member of DA in October 2008. His aunt, Winnie <mask>-Mandela, sent two messengers to him "to try and talk some sense" into him. They said that <mask>-Mandela had said that what he was doing to the ANC was "very embarrassing".Following the April 2009 general election, newly elected premier Helen Zille appointed him to the post of Provincial Minister of Housing. During his tenure as Provincial Minister of Housing, <mask> had been embroiled in a number of controversies surrounding housing developments in Mandela Park, Khayelitsha. He had been accused by the Mandela Park Backyarders as well as journalists of breaking a promise of giving residents of the community houses in new Mandela Park developments. The controversy  resulted in large demonstrations and blockades against construction in the

masks: Madikizela Madikizela Madikizela Madikizela Madikizela Madikizela Madikizela


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 community. The community of Mandela Park had also accused the MEC of refusing to meet with them. In September 2010, the ANC called for his resignation after his answer to a parliamentary question from the ANC's Pierre Uys over the provision of housing in the Western Cape. Madikizela had said "unfortunately" there was no influx control to regulate the movement of people into the Western Cape.The ANC called for Helen Zille to fire him, angered that he had linked the provision of services to the apartheid policy of influx control. <mask> was appointed as Provincial Minister of Human Settlements following his re-election in May 2014. In April 2015, <mask> was elected deputy provincial leader of the Democratic Alliance in the Western Cape, unseating DA veteran Theuns Botha. He was subsequently named the acting provincial leader in February 2017, when incumbent Patricia de Lille resigned. He was elected to the position for a full term on 7 October 2017. <mask> was appointed as Provincial Minister of Transport and Public Works by newly elected premier Alan Winde in May 2019. <mask> was also the Leader of Government Business in the Provincial Parliament.In October 2019, he declared his intention to run for interim Federal Leader of the DA following Mmusi Maimane's resignation. <mask> dropped out of the leadership race on 11 November 2019. John Steenhuisen was elected interim leader on 17 November 2019. On 26 January 2020, <mask> announced that he would consider running for DA Federal Leader at the party's Federal Congress. He declined to run for the post on 10 February 2020. He then declared his intention to seek re-election as provincial leader. In mid-November 2020,  <mask> was accused of plotting to assassinate his main competitor for the position, Masizole Mnqasela, the speaker of the provincial parliament.The Federal Legal Commission of the DA "cleared" him of any wrongdoing on 20 November. <mask> was re-elected as provincial leader on 21 November. Executive Ethics Code violation and qualifications scandal
On 1 April 2021, acting Public Protector Kholeka Gcaleka released a report that found that Madikizela had violated the Executive Ethics Codes by making misleading or false

masks: Madikizela Madikizela Madikizela Madikizela Madikizela Madikizela Madikizela Madikizela


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 statements to the legislature about Brett Herron, a Good MPP. Herron had lodged the complaint. Madikizela rejected the legality of the report and said that he would be seeking legal advice. On 6 April 2021, <mask> announced that he had applied to be the DA's mayoral candidate for the City of Cape Town. He was up against incumbent mayor Dan Plato and the DA's finance spokesman, Geordin Hill-Lewis.On 13 April 2021, Daily Maverick reported that Madikizela did not have a Bachelor of Commerce degree in Human Resource Management as previously claimed and that he had misled a journalist in this regard. The next day, the DA subsequently announced that its Federal Legal Commission would investigate claims that he lied about having a BCom degree. Premier Winde suspended Madikizela as Provincial Minister for Transport and Public Works for 14 days effective immediately on 15 April and appointed Tertuis Simmers as acting Provincial Minister. Hours later, the DA provincial chairperson, Jaco Londt, sent a letter to party structures informing them that Madikizela had "voluntarily stepped aside" as provincial leader for the next two weeks and that deputy leader Albert Fritz would be acting provincial leader. Resignation from the provincial leadership and the provincial cabinet
On 28 April 2021, the DA announced that Madikizela had resigned as the provincial leader of the party in the Western Cape. Albert Fritz remained as acting provincial leader and was soon elected as interim provincial leader unopposed. Madikizela also resigned from the provincial cabinet and the provincial legislature.He said that he was not pressured to resign, but chose to resign out " of a sense honour". Post-political career
In January 2022, News24 reported that premier Winde intended to appoint Madikizela as a special advisor. The appointment has not been finalised, because the Department of Public Service and Administration must first vet the application to ensure that it is in line with associated regulations. References

Living people
Democratic Alliance (South Africa) politicians
People from the Western Cape
United Democratic Movement (South Africa) politicians
Members of the Western Cape Provincial


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<mask> (born 1956) is a white supremacist and holocaust denier, and a published author and political activist on those subjects. He is involved in several nationalist and fascist political groups in New Zealand. Political activism
In 1980, <mask> co-founded the New Zealand branch of the Church of Odin, a pro-Nazi organisation for "whites of non-Jewish descent". He has published and edited newsletters such as The Watcher, The Flaming Sword, The Heretic, The Nexus, Ab Aeterno (assistant editor) and Western Destiny. He founded the national-socialist Order of the Left Hand Path (OLHP) in 1992, following a quarrel with other members of the Temple of Set. Two years later it was renamed the Ordo Sinistra Vivendi ("Order of the Left Way"), and in the same year created the fascist Black Order. It claimed to have a network of national lodges in six European countries plus Australia and the U.S.It was intended to be an activist front promoting an "occult-fascist axis" by mobilising political groups and youth culture elements such as industrial music. <mask> created and edited the Black Order newsletter, The Flaming Sword, and its successor, The Nexus, a satanic-Nazi journal with special attention given to figures such as Savitri Devi, Julius Evola, and Ezra Pound, and which especially catered to the black metal movement. It later changed its name to Western Destiny. In 1996, <mask> formed The Thelemic Society which blended rightist politics with the teachings of the English occultist Aleister Crowley and the philosophy of the German thinker Friedrich Nietzsche. <mask> was a co-founder of the Nationalist Workers' Party, and was briefly secretary for the New Zealand Fascist Union in 1997, in which he promoted the 'patriotic socialism' of 1930s Labour hero John A. Lee. In

masks:
Kerry Raymond Bolton
Bolton
Bolton
Bolton
Bolton


texts:
 2004 he was the secretary of the New Zealand National Front and spokesman for the New Right group. He was also involved with the New Zealand National Front but resigned because of disputes with neo-Nazi and white supremacist factions.In 2021, Critic reported that <mask> is in regular contact with the white supremacist organisation Action Zealandia. Controversies

In 2008, a masters thesis written about <mask> published by the Waikato University was temporarily pulled from the library pending investigation after <mask> complained to the vice-chancellor. The thesis, titled "Dreamers of the Dark: <mask> and the Order of the Left Hand Path; a Case-study of a Satanic/Neo Nazi Synthesis", dealt with the link between neo-Nazi and satanic beliefs in New Zealand. It had been passed by the university, had been reviewed by senior academics from two other universities, and had received full class honors. Professor Dov Bing, who supervised the thesis, called it a first-class piece of work. <mask> claimed the thesis was "poorly researched" and was "a poorly contrived smear-document against a private individual, namely myself". After criticism from the Tertiary Education Union, Vice Chancellor Crawford issued a one-page letter stating that the thesis was sound because it had been externally examined by "two well qualified academics".In December 2009, <mask> filed a complaint with the Broadcasting Standards Authority concerning the Ideas programme on Radio New Zealand National, which featured Marxist poet and sociologist Scott Hamilton. Hamilton had stated that <mask> was an avid "holocaust denier", had a "close relationship" with the revisionist Adelaide Institute, insinuated himself into the anti-war movement where he made anti-Semitic and "holocaust denial" statements, and

masks:
Bolton
Bolton
Bolton
Kerry Bolton
Bolton
Bolton
Bolton


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 exercised a bad political influence over "unwary youth". <mask> claimed that all of Hamilton's allegations were incorrect. The Broadcasting Standards Authority initially upheld <mask>'s complaint on all grounds, and criticised Radio New Zealand for not having verified the accuracy of Hamilton's statements before broadcasting the programme, but reversed this decision in December 2010 and declined to uphold any of <mask>'s complaints. In December 2009, <mask> complained to the Press Council against a lengthy feature article run by The Press, Christchurch, "A Right Muddle" by John McCrone. <mask> stated that the article wrongly stated that <mask> was a "neo-Nazi Satanist", that he was associated with "white power" and "pseudo-fascist views", that he was the founder of New Right New Zealand, among other matters. The Press Council in a ruling dated for release as 26 March 2010, upheld parts of the complaint, determining that the article is "inaccurate and biased".In a revised preface to Phoenix Rising: The Epic Saga of James H. Madole republished in 2006, <mask> wrote about his past involvement in the occult and was critical of occultism, writing that "it is clear that Madole was waylaid by a belief in Theosophy and other occult paths which influenced the doctrines and policy of the NRP...I merely want to offer testimony that Jesus Christ is the central figure of Western civilisation, and Christianity its basis...the fight for the West is the fight for Christ". Other activities

In 2014, <mask> was involved in a campaign seeking (unsuccessfully) to save a young dog from euthanasia for allegedly nipping another dog on the hind leg in the course of play. The dog was euthanised two days early after threats on Facebook of violence against council staff members. In

masks: Bolton Bolton Bolton Bolton Bolton Bolton Bolton Bolton


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 2019, he appeared in court for breaching the name suppression of a sexual assault victim in 2018 on a radio show. <mask> was discharged without conviction  Porirua District Court judge Ian Mill on Thursday said the discharge was conditional on him paying reparation of $1500 to the victim within a month. Police prosecutor Sergeant Paul Macky said it was inconceivable that he did not know about the suppression.. Published works
 Dietrich Eckart: Hitler's Occult Mentor (Renaissance Press, 1995)
 Lovecraft's Fascism: The Political Views of H.P.Lovecraft (Renaissance Press, 1995)
 Phoenix Rising: The Epic Saga of James H. Madole (Renaissance Press, 1996)
 Aleister Crowley and the Conservative Revolution: Social and Political Thoughts of the Great Beast (Renaissance Press, 1996)
 Thelema Invictus (Renaissance Press, 1996)
 The Warrior Mage: General J.F.C. Fuller (Renaissance Press, 1996)
 Origins & Varieties of Fascism: A Pictorial History (Renaissance Press, 1997)
 Rudolf Steiner & the Mystique of Blood & Soil (Renaissance Press, 1999)
 The Holocaust Myth: A Sceptical Enquiry (Spectrum, 2000)
 The Kosher Connection: Drugs, Israel, Gangsters & Zionism (Renaissance Press, 2002)
 Thinkers of the Right: Fascism, Nationalism & Elitism Amongst the Literati (Luton Publications, 2002)
 Portraits & Principles of World Fascism (Renaissance Press, 2003)
 Mel Gibson & the Pharisees (Renaissance Press, 2003)
 Nazism? Dreamers of the Dark - Exposed, by <mask>
 , on the Adelaide Institute site. , <mask>'s essay on Savitri Devi. Dreamers of the Dark: <mask> and the Order of the Left Hand Path; a Case-study of a Satanic/Neo Nazi Synthesis

1956 births
Living people
New Zealand activists
New Zealand National Front politicians
New Zealand writers
New Zealand occultists
Satanism and

masks:
Bolton
Bolton
Bolton
Kerry Bolton


texts:
Artem Stolyarov (; born 28 September 1989), known professionally as <mask> (stylized as ARTY) and Alpha 9, is a Russian DJ, musician and producer. He has collaborated with Armin van Buuren, Above & Beyond, BT, Paul van Dyk, Mat Zo, OneRepublic and Matisse & Sadko. His debut album, Glorious (2015), peaked at number 14 on the US Dance/Electronic Albums charts. Early life
At the age of eight years old, <mask>'s grandmother insisted that he should attend music school, from which he successfully graduated aged just fourteen. After that he considered applying for music college, but eventually decided against it, as the chance of becoming a professional pianist was really small and because he no longer enjoyed playing. Instead he learned to use FL Studio sequencer, and his love of video games and electronics led to his keen interest in production equipment. Eventually, he began to be influenced by artists such as The Prodigy, The Chemical Brothers and The Crystal Method.After graduating from the Saratov State University with a degree in Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Arty decided to seriously commit to electronic music. Career

2009–11: Early releases
Arty's debut release, "Inside of Me" / "Flip Flop" with Misha Kitone was followed by the EP Vanilla Sky, which appeared on the label Enhanced Music and brought him to the attention of many world-renowned DJs. The Enhanced Progressive label was the first to sign <mask> as an artist. His single "Bliss" appeared on the track listing of A State of Trance by Armin van Buuren in late 2009 and his breakthrough came later that year when Above & Beyond signed him to Anjunabeats. They featured his singles "Rush" and "The Wonder" in their club sets and on their radio show Trance Around the World. Following that, Arty released "Trio" with Matisse & Sadko on Axwell's Axtone label in 2011. Arty also released "Bliss" (2009) and "Come Home" (2010) on Ferry Corsten's label, Flashover Recordings under his alias Alpha 9.Following his release on

masks: Arty Arty Arty


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 Axtone Records in 2011, Arty collaborated with fellow Anjunabeats-signed artist Mat Zo and their first joint production "Rebound" was released on 19 April 2011 as Anjunabeats' 200th single. The song was voted 'Webvote Winner' on three straight occasions in the radio show Trance Around the World. At the anniversary party for ASOT 500 of Armin van Buuren's radio show A State of Trance on 9 April 2011 in Den Bosch, the two DJs played together on the Main Floor alongside other well-established DJs such as Markus Schulz, Above & Beyond, Gareth Emery, and Armin van Buuren himself. Since then, Arty has played many worldwide clubs and festivals such as Electric Daisy Carnival, Tomorrowland, Creamfields, Ushuaia Ibiza, XS Encore Las Vegas, and Amnesia Ibiza. 2014–15: Glorious
In 2014, Arty became the first Russian musician to sign with the American Insomniac record label and on 9 October 2015, he released his debut album Glorious on Insomniac Records. Arty has had countless releases on labels such as Enhanced Progressive, Vandit Records, Insomniac Records, Anjunabeats, Spinnin', Axtone, and Revealed. On 9 May 2016, Arty released "Bloodfire", a bass house-influenced big room track which was a deviation from his typical progressive trance releases on Hardwell's label Revealed Recordings.On 6 June 2016, he released an electro house track on label Anjunabeats titled "Distorted Love". <mask> then collaborated with producer Andrew Bayer to release "Follow The Light" on 8 June 2016, which was his third release on Anjunabeats for the year. 2017–present: Alpha 9 and recent releases
In 2017, <mask> officially revived his trance side project titled Alpha 9, which has been inactive since 2010. Together with releasing trance track "This Night Is Ours" on 3 February 2017, Arty posted a letter on Facebook written to his listeners. "Closer to the end of last year[2016] I noticed how much my music was different from what I’ve done in the past, and I felt like I had been neglecting my long-time fans and

masks: Arty Arty


texts: it didn’t feel fair. And that’s how I came up with idea of bringing the Alpha 9 alias back," wrote Arty in his letter. He then moved towards the tropical house genre with his release of single "Falling Down" featuring American singer Maty Noyes on 27 February 2017.The track also features a 'Night Mix' version where "Falling Down" is mixed into a future bass track for festival play. <mask> collaborated with Korean American K-pop singer Eric Nam to release "Idea Of You" on 9 June 2017, which marks <mask>'s first venture into pop music. On 7 September 2017, he released "Supposed to Be" on Martin Garrix's record label, STMPD RCRDS. "Working on this record was an unbelievable experience. The lyrics are so meaningful and powerful that I wanted to make sure that all of the instruments I was using were reflecting the overall significance of the song," stated Arty when asked about the track. <mask>'s first release of 2018, "You and I", was released under his Alpha 9 alias on 12 January 2018. He released "Sunrise" on 19 January 2018, which marks his second release on label Armada Music since his collaboration, "Nehalennia", with Armin van Buuren in 2013."It's important for me to continue making the music I enjoy the most and 'Sunrise' definitely falls into that category. It’s both a milestone and an incredibly important track in my career as I get back to my Progressive House roots," wrote Arty along with the track's release. Arty released "Rain" through Armada Music on 30 March 2018. "No Going Back", a collaboration produced under Alpha 9 with Spencer Brown, was released on 5 April 2018, followed by "All We Need" on 20 April 2018. He released melodic house track "Couldn't Be Better" on 11 May 2018. Arty released a tribute song for Swedish producer Avicii, who died in April 2018, titled "Tim" on 27 July 2018. The song paid homage to Avicii's original piano-based sounds which had driven him to success, which was also used by Arty in his earlier tracks "Kate" and "Rebound".Next, Arty


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 released "Perfect Strangers" through Armada Music on 28 September 2018, a track he has labelled as one of his "favourite" songs to produce within the year. On 9 November 2018, Arty released trance single "Never Letting Go" with Audien through Anjunabeats, marking his first release on the label since 2016. The song was produced in three years, after multiple musical rejections on approaching the track. He released "Save Me Tonight" on 25 January 2019, which based on Arty was influenced by progressive and house music. The track's music video was directed by American actor Noah Centineo and featured English-American actress Lily Collins, with the video's storyline narrating a revenge plot by Collin's and Noah's characters against a group of school bullies. Awards and recognition
In 2010, Arty appeared in the Top 100 DJs selection of DJ Magazine, where he featured at number 78. In 2011, Arty climbed 53 spots to position 25 on the list but moved down three spots in 2012 to take 28th.At the International Dance Music Awards 2011, he was nominated in the category Best Breakthrough DJ but the award went to Afrojack. In 2012, <mask> was nominated twice for the IDMA's in the category for Best Trance Track for his collaboration with Paul van Dyk on "The Ocean", and his collaboration with BT and Nadia Ali on the track "This Must Be the Love". In 2013, he ranked 57th in DJ Mags Top 100, and in 2014, he also made the list at No. 99, despite having a quiet year. <mask> appeared on the Fall 2013 cover of Vonnubi Press magazine along with a 10-page spread. Discography Studio albums'''
 Glorious (2015)
  From Russia With Love'' (2020)

Notes

References

External links

Living people
People from Engels, Saratov Oblast
Trance musicians
Russian trance musicians
Russian DJs
Russian record producers
Interscope Records artists
Progressive house musicians
Russian house musicians
Revealed Recordings artists
Stmpd Rcrds artists
1989 births
Electronic dance music DJs
Anjunabeats artists
Armada Music


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<mask> (born 24 May 1960) is an Irish retired football goalkeeper who spent his entire career at Celtic. He earned a total of 80 caps for the Republic of Ireland national football team after making his debut on his 21st birthday. He is remembered for his famous penalty save from Daniel Timofte of Romania at the 1990 FIFA World Cup in Italy during the knockout stage. He also played Gaelic football for his native county Donegal. Commonly known as 'Pat' or '<mask>', Bonner is a one-club player. Gaelic football
Bonner played Gaelic football for the Donegal county team at minor and senior level in the 1970s. He played a number of games in the National Football League (NFL).Club career

Early career
He began his career in the late 1970s with his local youth side, Keadue Rovers. When he was 16 he had several trials with Leicester City and kept goal for them in the FA Youth Cup. The August of 1977, <mask> had agreed a deal to sign for League of Ireland side Finn Harps F.C. on a 6 month contract after impressing in a guest appearance in a friendly against English team Stoke City F.C. An agreement was put in place, with then Harps manager, Eunan 'Busty' Blake, that if a bigger club came in, he would be allowed to leave and Blake himself would personally tear up his contract. He was subsequently spotted by Sean Fallon, who was scouting in Ireland for Celtic, and invited to Glasgow for a trial. True to his word, 'Busty' Blake tore up his Finn Harps contract, without ever making a competitive appearance for the club, and <mask> signed for Celtic on 14 May 1978.Celtic
Bonner went on to play 642 times for Celtic, with 483 league appearances. In total with Celtic, he won four League Championship medals, three Scottish Cup

masks:
Patrick Joseph Bonner
Packie
Bonner
Bonner


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 winners' medals and a League Cup winners' medal. Although he was released by manager Lou Macari in 1994, he was re-signed by Tommy Burns after Macari was sacked. His last appearance for Celtic was winning the 1995 Scottish Cup final under Burns. After the Scottish Cup Final victory over Airdrie, Bonner took on the role of player-coach and finally left the club in 1998 to work as a coach alongside former teammate Tommy Burns. With 642 appearances, <mask> is the most prolific goalkeeper in Celtic's history and their fifth-most prolific player of all time. International career
Bonner made his international debut for the Republic of Ireland on his 21st birthday in a friendly against Poland on 24 May 1981.The game was played in Zdzisław Krzyszkowiak Stadium, Bydgoszcz. He conceded a goal in the opening 90 seconds of the match, scored by Andrzej Iwan. A David O'Leary own goal in the 37th minute and a third Polish goal in the second half from Roman Ogaza would make it a forgettable experience. For the remainder of the Eoin Hand managerial era, Bolton Wanderers Jim McDonagh remained Ireland's first choice goalkeeper. However, by the time of the appointment of Jack Charlton in March 1986, Bonner was already claiming the number one position. Bonner claimed his 75th international cap on his 34th birthday in a 1–0 win over Bolivia at Lansdowne Road which at the time equalled the Republic of Ireland record held by Liam Brady. Euro 1988
Bonner played in seven of Ireland's eight games in the qualifying round of UEFA Euro 1988.Despite some good results, including a 1–0 win away to Scotland, a 2–0 win at home to Bulgaria and a 2–2 draw away to World Cup bronze medalists Belgium, Ireland looked to be losing out on goal


texts:
 difference to Bulgaria. Bulgaria needed only a draw against Scotland in their last match to progress. However, a last-minute winning goal for Scotland gave Ireland, and Bonner, a first appearance at the UEFA European Championship. Bonner played in all of Ireland's games at Euro 88, including the 1–0 victory over England in Stuttgart. Ireland scored early and dominated in the first half, missing several chances to put the game beyond England. However, in the second half, Bonner produced a number of outstanding saves to keep Ireland in the lead, most notably from Gary Lineker, and was named Man of the Match. It was Bonner's eighth consecutive clean sheet for Ireland.In the second game, Ireland drew 1–1 with the Soviet Union. Ireland narrowly missed out on a semi-final appearance, conceding a goal in the dying minutes of their final group match against eventual champions, the Netherlands. 1990 World Cup
Bonner missed the opening qualifying game for the 1990 FIFA World Cup away to Northern Ireland due to a back injury. He played in the remaining seven fixtures, with the only goals being conceded throughout the qualifying campaign coming in a 0–2 loss in Spain. Indeed, only an excellent performance by Bonner in that game saved Ireland from a heavier defeat. Ireland went on to beat Spain 1–0 in the return fixture at Lansdowne Road, and in November 1989 clinched qualification in the final fixture with a 2–0 win away over Malta. It was the first time the Republic of Ireland had qualified for the World Cup, and Bonner would make his mark on the world stage with two memorable moments that live long in Irish sporting folklore.The first was in Ireland's very first World Cup finals game, against England. With Ireland


texts:
 1–0 down late in the game, Bonner delivered a determined clearance all the way to the English penalty area, setting up Kevin Sheedy's equaliser. While <mask>'s role in the goal itself was minimal, the look of sheer determination on his face has been remembered as one of the defining moments of Ireland's inaugural appearance in the tournament. After a disappointing 0–0 draw with Egypt in the second game, Ireland needed at least a draw with the Netherlands to ensure passage to the next round. With Ireland 1–0 down midway through the second half, Bonner once again delivered a clearance all the way to the Dutch penalty area, which caused enough confusion to allow Niall Quinn to slot in the equaliser and send Ireland to the knockout stage. Ireland's second round fixture against Romania went to a penalty shootout, where the score was tied at 4–4 with one kick remaining for each team. Bonner made a simple save from a poorly taken penalty by Daniel Timofte, setting up David O'Leary to score the winning Irish kick.In the quarter-final against Italy, Ireland lost 1–0 as Bonner saved a powerful shot from Roberto Donadoni, but was knocked off balance enough to allow Salvatore Schillaci to snatch the winning goal and send Ireland home. Bonner arrived home in Dublin to a hero's welcome the following day. Bonner's penalty save has been remembered by FIFA as one of the great moments of that World Cup. In an article entitled "Bonner's Moment in Time", Bonner states, "It really wouldn't be an exaggeration to say that that one save changed my life forever, certainly in terms of recognition." Euro 1992
Bonner remained Ireland's number one choice goalkeeper for UEFA Euro 1992, where Ireland was drawn against Poland, Turkey and


texts:
 England in the qualifying round. Ireland lost out to England in controversial circumstances. With Ireland one point behind England and tied with Poland with two games left, it was debated in the media if a draw with Poland would be better than a win.Assuming England beat Turkey on the same day, a draw left Ireland and Poland with six points each with England on eight points and all three teams having one remaining game. With England playing Poland in the last game, it meant that Poland could still qualify for the tournament by beating England and hoping Ireland failed to beat Turkey in their last game. If Poland did beat England, Ireland could then qualify on goal difference by beating Turkey. However, if instead, Ireland beat Poland in the second-last game, Poland was out of the tournament. Ireland would have seven points to England's eight, meaning that Ireland would need to beat Turkey and hope that Poland, without the prospect of qualification, could still manage a draw with England. With Ireland leading Poland 3–1 with minutes to go, Ireland conceded two late goals and the game finished 3–3. In those final games Poland did hold England to a draw (1-1) and Ireland did beat Turkey 3-1, but England had beaten Turkey 1-0 that night and qualified with 9 points to Ireland's 8 points.1994 World Cup
Bonner represented Ireland in all 12 qualifying matches for the 1994 FIFA World Cup. Ireland seemed well on the way to qualification after seven wins and three draws in the opening ten games. With each side having only two games remaining, Ireland led the group on 18 points, ahead of Denmark on 16, with Spain in third place on 15 points. Ireland needed only a draw at Lansdowne Road against Spain in the second last


texts:
 game to guarantee qualification, while a win would virtually guarantee top position in the group. However, Ireland conceded three goals in a 15-minute spell in the first half, and despite a late consolation goal, Ireland now needed to beat Northern Ireland in the last game to guarantee a place in the finals. A draw would mean Ireland needed the Spain-Denmark game, happening simultaneously, to finish in a win for one of the two sides. Ireland drew 1–1 with Northern Ireland but qualified ahead of Denmark by virtue of having scored more goals (they were level on goal difference), as Denmark lost 1–0 to Spain.Bonner's saves throughout the tournament were key to Ireland's goal-difference remaining on par with Denmark and ensuring eventual qualification. In the Finals, Ireland beat Italy 1–0 in their opening match. The euphoria was elevated by the fact that Ireland had also beaten Germany and the Netherlands in warm-up games. However, from that point on, the tournament was a disappointment for Ireland and especially Bonner. A 2–1 defeat at the hands of Mexico and a 0–0 draw with Norway were just enough for Ireland to move into round two on the strength of their win over Italy. A 2–0 defeat to the Netherlands ended Ireland's tournament, and was a low point for Bonner. With Ireland already 1–0 down late in the first half, a long-distance effort from Wim Jonk should have been an easy save.However, Bonner fumbled the shot and it dribbled into the net. Ireland never recovered and was eliminated from the tournament. Euro 1996
<mask> struggled to maintain his place in the Ireland squad during the UEFA Euro 1996 qualification campaign, playing only one match, as captain, in a 4–0 win over Liechtenstein at Lansdowne


texts:
 Road. Alan Kelly played all of Ireland's other qualification matches. Ireland were eliminated 2–0 by the Netherlands in a playoff. <mask> became the Republic of Ireland's most capped goalkeeper with 80 appearances for his country. He held this record until it was surpassed in 2007 by fellow Donegal native Shay Given who, by the end of 2011, had achieved 120 caps.Bonner remains a cultural icon in Ireland for his role in some of the most memorable moments in Irish sporting history, including the win over England at Euro 88, the draws with England and the Netherlands at the 1990 World Cup and the penalty save that sent Ireland to the quarter-finals of the World Cup for the first and, to date, only time. Coaching role
On 2 February 2003, following the promotion of Brian Kerr to the position of Republic of Ireland team manager, Bonner was named as technical director of the Football Association of Ireland (FAI). He previously held the role of the senior squad's goalkeeping coach in the organisation. In addition, he has worked as a football presenter with TV3. Personal life
Bonner is married to Ann and has two children, Andrew and Melissa. His son Andrew was also a footballer who played as a striker for the Republic of Ireland youth teams and in the Scottish Junior leagues at club level, and was later a top amateur distance runner. His twin brother Denis played football in Ireland for Galway United and Finn Harps.He also has five sisters. Career statistics

International

Honours
Celtic
 Scottish Premier Division: 1978–79, 1980–81, 1981–82, 1985–86, 1987–88
 Scottish Cup: 1979–80, 1984–85, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1994–95
 Scottish League Cup: 1982–83, 1997–98

Individual
 Ballon d'Or: 1989 (17th place)

See also
List


texts:
 of people on stamps of Ireland
List of one-club men in association football

References

1960 births
Living people
1990 FIFA World Cup players
1994 FIFA World Cup players
Association footballers from County Donegal
Association football goalkeepers
Donegal inter-county Gaelic footballers
Gaelic footballers who switched code
Irish emigrants to the United Kingdom
Irish expatriate sportspeople in the United Kingdom
Irish radio personalities
Keadue Rovers F.C. players
Leicester City F.C. players
Celtic F.C. players
Expatriate footballers in Scotland
Scottish Football League players
Scottish Football League representative players
Republic of Ireland association footballers
Republic of Ireland international footballers
Republic of Ireland under-21 international footballers
RTÉ Sports Person of the Year winners
Twin people from Ireland
Twin sportspeople
UEFA Euro 1988


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<mask> (born March 7, 1990) is an American professional basketball player for Bilbao Basket of the Liga ACB. He played college basketball for the University of Kansas where he became known for his shot-blocking ability and his defensive presence. He was drafted 39th overall in the 2013 NBA draft by the Portland Trail Blazers. High school career
Withey led Horizon High School to the state Division IV title in his sophomore season (2006)  and he graduated in the class of 2008. In the game preceding the state championship game, <mask> and his teammates had to face a San Joaquin Memorial High School team in the Southern California Regional Championship game that featured three seniors who were future NBA players, Robin & Brook Lopez and Quincy Pondexter. In a dramatic double-overtime game, <mask> and his teammates overcame the San Joaquin squad and went on to win the title in the following game. In his senior season he averaged 20.8 points, 13.0 rebounds, and 7.3 blocked shots per game.Considered a four-star recruit by Rivals.com, <mask> was listed as the No. 8 center and the No. 36 player in the nation in 2008. College career

Arizona (2008)
<mask> had originally committed to play for Louisville, but switched his commitment to Arizona. Following the resignation of Lute

masks:
Jeffree David Withey
Withey
Withey
Withey
Withey


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 Olson in October of Withey's freshman season, he decided to transfer from Arizona. He did not see any playing time for the Wildcats during his semester of the 2008–09 season. Kansas (2009–2013)

<mask> transferred to Kansas in January 2009, but was ineligible to play until the end of the 2009 fall semester due to the NCAA transfer rules requiring him to sit out a year.He initially saw limited playing time during the second half of the 2009–10 season and the 2010-11 season, playing behind Cole Aldrich and the Morris twins. In his junior year, after twin brothers Marcus and Markieff Morris left for the NBA draft, he became a starter, playing for the 2011–12 squad which lost to Kentucky in the NCAA championship game. <mask> blocked 31 shots in the 2012 tournament, breaking Joakim Noah's tournament record of 29. During the 2011-12 season, he was named Big 12 defensive player of the year and set a Big 12 record with 140 blocks for the season. 2012–13 season
On October 4, 2012, <mask> was named to the Preseason all-Big 12 unanimously. On December 3, 2012, <mask> was named Big 12 Player of the Week. To earn the honor, he scored a triple-double against San Jose State Spartans on November 26.In that game, <mask> scored 16 points, grabbed 12 rebounds, and blocked 12 shots, for

masks: Withey Withey Withey Withey Withey


texts:
 the second triple-double in KU history. On February 18, 2013, <mask> was named Big 12 Co-Player of the Week. He had double-doubles against both Kansas State Wildcats and Texas Longhorns. He also made his 265th blocked shot to set a new Big 12 record for career blocked shots. <mask> finished his senior year of college by averaging 13.7 points, 8.5 rebounds and 3.9 blocks. On March 10, 2013, he was named defensive player of the year in the Big 12 for 2012–13 and he was named first team All Big 12. On March 11, 2013, <mask> was named 2nd Team All-American by The Sporting News.On March 31, 2013, <mask> was accorded third-team All-American mention by the Associated Press. On April 5, 2013, the National Association of Basketball Coaches named <mask> the co-National Defensive Player of the Year. College statistics

|-
|style="text-align:left;"|2009–10
|style="text-align:left;"|Kansas
|15|| ||3.0||.538||||.556||1.4||0||.1||.4||1.3
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|2010–11
|style="text-align:left;"|Kansas
|26||


texts:
 ||6.2||.647||||.515||1.8||.2||.2||.7||2.3
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|2011–12
|style="text-align:left;"|Kansas
|39||39||24.8||.536||||.795||6.3||0.7||0.6||3.6||9.0
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|2012–13
|style="text-align:left;"|Kansas
|37||37||30.9||.582||1.000||.714||8.5||0.9||0.8||3.9||13.7

Professional career

New Orleans Pelicans (2013–2015)
<mask> was selected with the 39th overall pick in the 2013 NBA draft by the Portland Trail Blazers. He was traded to the New Orleans Pelicans in a three-team trade involving the Trail Blazers and the Sacramento Kings on July 10, 2013. In two seasons for the Pelicans, he averaged 3.0 points and 2.3 rebounds in 95 games. Utah Jazz (2015–2017)
On August 24, 2015, Withey signed with the Utah Jazz. On December 28, 2015, he recorded a season-high 11 points and a career-high 12 rebounds as a starter in a 95–91 win over the Philadelphia 76ers.Dallas Mavericks (2017)
On August 21, 2017, <mask> signed a one-year deal with the Dallas Mavericks. He was waived on December 19, 2017. Tofaş (2018)
On July 24, 2018, <mask> signed with the Turkish team Tofaş for the 2018–19 season. On December 28, 2018, <mask> parted ways with Tofaş after appearing in 19 games. Lavrio (2019)
On February 28, 2019, <mask> signed with Greek team Lavrio for the


texts:
 rest of the season. On March 30, 2019, <mask> recorded a season-high 18 points, shooting 8-of-10 from the field, along with six rebounds and two blocks in an 88–99 loss to PAOK. In 10 games played for Lavrio, he averaged 6.9 points, 3.8 rebounds and 1.5 blocks per game.On July 4, 2019, <mask> joined the Washington Wizards for the 2019 NBA Summer League. Ironi Nes Ziona (2019–2020)
On August 18, 2019, <mask> signed a one-year deal with Ironi Nes Ziona of the Israeli Premier League. On October 23, 2019, <mask> recorded a double-double of 23 points and 11 rebounds, leading Nes Ziona to an 82–75 win over the Kapfenberg Bulls. He was subsequently named Europe Cup Round 1 Top Performer. On December 5, 2019, <mask> was named Israeli League Player of the Month after averaging a double-double of 16.3 points and 13.3 rebounds, while shooting 66 percent from the field in eight games played in November. On December 23, 2019, <mask> recorded a new career-high 24 points, while shooting 10-of-12 from the field, along with seven rebounds and three steals in a 95–80 win over Hapoel Tel Aviv. Goyang Orion Orions (2020–2021)
On July 9, 2020, the Goyang Orion Orions added <mask> to their roster.He averaged 8.8 points and 7.3 rebounds per game in the Korean Basketball League. Bilbao

masks: Withey Withey Withey Withey Withey Withey Withey


texts: <mask> (, "Génthios";  181168 BC) was an Illyrian king who belonged to the Labeatan dynasty. He ruled in 181–168 BC, being the last attested Illyrian king. He was the son of Pleuratus III, a king who kept positive relations with Rome. The capital city of the Illyrian kingdom under Gentius was Scodra. In 180 BC, during his early reign, the Dalmatae and Daorsi declared themselves independent from his rule and the city of Rhizon abandoned him prior to his defeat, receiving immunity from the Romans. He married Etuta, the daughter of the Dardanian king Monunius II. In 171 BC, <mask> was allied with the Romans against the Macedonians, but in 169 BC he changed sides and allied himself with Perseus of Macedon.The southernmost city of the Illyrian kingdom was Lissos (now Lezhë, Albania), a situation established since the First Illyrian War. He arrested two Roman legati, accusing them of not coming as emissaries but as spies. <mask> destroyed the cities of Apollonia and Epidamnos (Roman Dyrrachium, now Durrës, Albania), which were allied with Rome. In 168 BC, he was defeated at Scodra by a Roman force under L. Anicius Gallus, in only twenty or thirty days, and in 167 brought to Rome as a captive to participate in Gallus's triumph, after which he was interned in Iguvium. The date of his death is unknown. After his defeat, the Romans split the region into three administrative divisions, called meris. The extent of the first meris is not known, while the second was Labeates, and the third was Acruvium,

masks: Gentius Gentius Gentius


texts:
 Rhizon, Olcinium and their environs.Name
The Illyrian name Gentius appears to derive from PIE *g'en- "to beget", cognate to Latin gens, gentis "kin, clan, race". It must reflect the reconstructed noun *gent(i)yos, designating the king as the head of his kin, like the Proto-Germanic [[:wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kuningaz|*kun-ing-az]]. Biography

Relations with Rome

By 181 BC the loyal Pleuratus had been succeeded by his son Gentius. During his reign relations with the Ardiaean state and Rome started to dwindle. The coast and hinterland south of the Drin remained under Roman control since the First Illyrian Wars against Teuta. Gentius moved to increase power over kindred peoples living to the north and west. Among the islands the Greek city of Issa (now Vis, Croatia) had retained some form of independence under Roman protection but Pharos (now Hvar, Croatia) remained an Illyrian possession.On the mainland the Delmatae and the Daorsi were at one time subjects, but the former defected soon after the accession of <mask>. Illyrian strength lay in the navy and ships and it was their interference with Adriatic shipping which once more aroused Roman interest in the area. In 180 BC a Roman praetor responsible for coastal protection arrived in Brudisium with some ships of Gentius said to have been caught in the act of piracy. An embassy to Illyria failed to locate the king; but the praetor discovered that Romans were held for ransom at Korčula. No outcome of the affair is reported and it


texts:
 may well be that the Senate accepted a claim by Gentius' envoys that the charges were false. Ten years later, when Rome was gripped with war-fever against Perseus of Macedon, Issa accused Gentius of plotting war with the king and now the Illyrian envoys were denied a hearing before the Senate. Instead the Romans seized 54 Illyrian lembi at anchor in the harbour of Epidamnos.On the eve of war a Roman senator was sent to Illyria to remind <mask> of his formal friendship with the Roman Republic. Alliance with the Dardani and Macedon

In 169 BC <mask> arranged the murder of his brother Plator killed because his plan to marry Etuta, daughter of the Dardanian king Monunius II, would have made him too powerful. <mask> then married Plator's fiancée for himself, securing the alliance of the powerful Dardani. Perseus of Macedon having recaptured several Roman outposts in Roman occupied Illyria controlled the route leading west to the Ardiaean state. At this point Perseus sent his first embassy to <mask>, consisting of the Illyrian exile Pleuratus and the Macedonian Adaeus and Beroea. They found <mask> at Lissos and informed him of Perseus' successes against the Romans and Dardani and the recent victory over the Penestae. The Illyrians replied that he lacked not the will to fight the Romans but the money.No promises were made on this point either by this embassy or another sent from Stuberra shortly afterwards. Perseus continued his efforts to involve <mask> in the war, preferably it was said, at no

masks: Gentius Gentius Gentius Gentius Gentius Gentius


texts:
 cost to his treasury. The Illyrian exile Plearatus raised 1,000 infantry and 200 cavalry from the Penestae. The Roman invasion of Macedonia in 168 BC forced the king to promise a subsidy to <mask>, whose ships might be employed to attack the Romans. A sum of 300 talents was mentioned and Perseus sent his companion Pantauchus to make the arrangements. In the city of Meteon (now Medun, Montenegro) hostages were agreed and <mask> accepted the oath of the king. He sent Olympio with a delegation to Perseus to collect the money, and the treaty was concluded with some ceremony at Dium on the Thermaic Gulf.A formal parade of the Macedonian cavalry was held which may have impressed the Illyrians and the cavalry may have represented the Macedonians in the ratification of the treaty. The 300 talents were counted out of the royal treasure at Pella and the Illyrians were permitted to mark it with their own stamp. An advance of ten talents was forwarded to <mask> and when this was passed over by Pantauchus the king was urged to commence hostilities against the Romans. When Gentius imprisoned two Roman envoys sent by Appius Claudius at Lychnidus, Perseus recalled the rest of the subsidy in belief that <mask> was now his ally, come what may. Rise to power

Gentius accompanied the new anti-Roman orientation in Illyrian foreign policy with a series of measures to strengthen his state. First, he concentrated the finances by establishing a single tax over all the subjects and by taking royal control of the

masks: Gentius Gentius Gentius Gentius


texts:
 monetary workshops or mints of Lissus and Scodra, the two cities where he resided. At this time Gentius was issuing bronze coins.In the Selcë hoard there are two coins of <mask> with Macedonian emblems. The other coins of <mask> have what is probably his head with a cap not unlike the petasos, and a torque around his head, and on the reverse in one case a thunderbolt and in the others a warship, the lembi. Thus, according to an inventory made by the Romans, the state treasury had 27 pounds of gold, 19 of silver, 120,000 Illyrian drachmas and 13,000 Roman denarii on the eve of the war with Rome. <mask> and Perseus sent a joint embassy to invite Rhodes in the war against Rome. <mask> also built up a fleet of 270 lembi, showing that he awaited an enemy in the Adriatic. His army numbered 15,000 men. Gentius was now prepared to go to war with Rome.Third Illyrian War

In January/February 168 BC <mask>, having mustered his force of 15,000 men and fleet of lembi at Lissus, the southernmost city of his state, advanced into Roman territory and laid siege to the Illyrian city of Bassania, a Roman ally which refused to yield although it was only 5 miles from Lissus. His half-brother Caravantius, detaching 1,000 infantry and 50 horsemen, attacked the Cavii, failing to capture one of their cities while ravaging the fields of the city of Caravandis. A flotilla of eight lembi set off a little later to attack the coastal colonial cities of Epidamno and Appolonia. Meanwhile, the Romans under Appius

masks: Gentius Gentius Gentius Gentius Gentius


texts: Claudius had heard of the alliance that Gentius made with Perseus of Macedonia and the arrest of the Roman envoys. He therefore moved his army out of their winter quarters at Nymphaeum, added to it with troops from Byllis, Epidamnos and Appolonia as he marched north, and encamped by the river Genesus (Shkumbin, Albania). There he met with the new Roman commander, Lucius Anicius Gallus, a praetor. Anicius had crossed over from Italy to Appolonia with two legions, comprising 600 cavalry and 10,400 infantry, and 800 cavalry and 10,000 infantry from the Italian allies.His fleet, whose size is not known, was strengthened by a draft of 5,000 sailors. To this imposing force he added 200 cavalry and 2,000 infantry of the Parthini, an Illyrian koinon allied to the Romans. These combined forces outnumbered those of Gentius by two to one. As a folio of Livy's text is missing, little is known of this campaign. It seems that Anicius's fleet engaged the Illyrians at sea and captured a number of their lembi. Next, they defeated the Illyrians on land, allowing them to advance into the heart of Illyrian territory. Once there, they secured the surrender of enemy cities mostly through negotiation rather than direct assault.Gentius concentrated his remaining forces near his capital Shkodra, a well-fortified city situated in a strong natural position. When Anicius approached with his army in battle formation, the Illyrians fled into the city in panic. <mask> asked for, and was given, a three-day truce hoping


texts:
 that Caravantius would come at any moment with a large relieving army: but that it did not happen. After his defeat, Gentius sent two envoys from among the prominent tribal leaders, Teuticus and Bellus, to negotiate with the Roman commander. On the third day of the truce,  <mask> came to the Roman camp and surrendered to Anicius who gave him a dinner with full honours and then put him under arrest. The Illyrians in Shkodra surrendered and released the Roman envoys. The Roman army marched north of Scutari Lake where, at Meteon, they captured Gentius's queen Etuta, his brother Caravantius and his sons Scerdilaides and Pleuratus along with other leading Illyrians.The fall of the Ardiaean State is transmitted by Livy in a ceremonial manner of the triumph of Anicius in Rome:

This part of the campaign had only lasted thirty days. There were certainly further operations in the northern part of the Ardiaean State for Anicius placed garrisons in some towns, citadels and fortresses. These include the cities of Issa, Rhizon and Olcinium and the tribal states of the Daorsi and the Pirustae. Some came over to Rome on their own accord while other places such as Pharos were reduced by force and their property looted. Aftermath

Rome's triumph included the capture of many royal flags, other booty, the furniture of the king himself and the treasure mentioned above. Millions of sectercii were gained from the sale of the booty, in addition to the gold and silver that went to the state treasury. By


texts:
 decision of the Senate, <mask> and his family were sent to Spoletum, to be kept under observation.The other captives were imprisoned in Rome. But the inhabitants of Spoletum refused to keep the royal family under watch, so they were transferred to Iguvium. The booty seized in Illyria included 220 vessels. By decree of the Senate, C. Cassius Longinus gave these vessels taken from Gentius to the inhabitants of Corcyra, Appolonia and Epidamnus. The year of <mask>' death is not known but there are ruins of what is perhaps his tomb. The Roman punishment of Illyria spared only those koina that had backed Rome openly in the war. Those who had been enemies, their cities, buildings and public institutions were burned and thoroughly looted.Those spared retained their previous manner of administration, with officials elected every year, and paid Rome only half the taxes that they had previously paid to <mask>. The federation-based koina were dissolved and each unit was recognized as a separate koinon, enjoying local autonomy and often the right to mint its own coins. While the southern Illyrian lands had been conquered once and for all, the Roman legions continued for about another hundred years with attempts to conquer the northern and eastern territories. Probable continuance
The archaeologist Hasan Ceka has hypothesized that the name of one of the envoys of <mask>, Bellus might have been an incorrect transcription of Ballaeus (Ballaios). Although from the linguistic point of view this


texts:
 identification is very problematic, some have accepted the idea that Ballaois was the successor of <mask>, who had friendly relations with Rome. Ballaois was an Illyrian king only attested on his coins and ruled (perhaps 167–135 BC or other dates) of the Ardiaei. Ballaios appears to have ruled after 168 BC at Queen Teuta's old stronghold, Rhizon.At the time the region was part of the Roman Republic and the Ardiaean kingdom had been dissolved since the time of <mask>. He had some sort of rivalry with Pharos. Whilst the abundance of his coinage in the region would suggest that he was a very influential figure there is no literary or historical evidence of his existence. Legacy

Gentiana lutea, and by extension the rest of the Gentiana genus, was named after <mask>, as a tribute as it was thought that he had found out that the herbs had tonic properties. <mask> is depicted on the reverse of the Albanian 50 lekë coin, issued in 1996 and 2000, and on the obverse of the 2000 lekë banknote, issued in 2008. See also
List of rulers of Illyria

References

Bibliography

Illyrian royalty
2nd-century BC rulers
Year of birth unknown
Year of death


texts:
<mask> is believed to be the only butter carver in the United States who works with live models. She is known for carving the likeness of Princess Kay of the Milky Way along with the 11 Princess Kay finalists out of 90-pound blocks of butter at the annual Minnesota State Fair. Each year, her work draws hundreds of thousands of visitors to the Dairy Building, where the Midwest Dairy Association sponsors the butter carving in front of fair goers. The newly crowned Princess Kay and 11 finalists each spend about six hours with <mask> in the rotating 40-degree butter booth, as <mask> carves their likenesses out of butter. Princess Kay sits in the booth on the first day of the fair while the 11 finalists get their likenesses carved over the remaining days of the state fair. <mask> carves these sculptures out of Grade A salted butter provided by AMPI (Associated Milk Producers Inc.), in New Ulm, Minnesota. In 2011, she celebrated 40 years working with Midwest Dairy Association as a butter sculptor.Estimations show that she has carved more than 450 sculptures and 32,000 pounds of butter. Since she has started, the butter sculptures have gone from an oddity to something identified with Minnesota. Butter sculpting at the State Fair was originally initiated to highlight Minnesota's claim as the "butter capital of the nation." In addition to Princess Kay and the finalists, <mask> has sculpted the likenesses of celebrities from David Letterman to former Minnesota First Lady Mary Pawlenty. She even sculpted Conan O'Brien out of white chocolate and used bacon for the hair. One of her commissions was to carve Sesame Street character Big Bird out of a 300-pound block of butter. National Geographic has twice featured her work, and she has turned down requests from Oprah Winfrey and Johnny Carson, who wanted her to rush her carvings in one hour.Minnesota State Fair

Running since 1859, the Minnesota State Fair is one of the largest fairs in the United States that is second only to Texas. It runs for 12 days

masks:
Linda Christensen
Christensen
Christensen
Christensen
Christensen


texts: starting sometime during the end of August and ends on Labor Day which is the first Monday of September. It takes place in Falcon Heights, Minnesota which borders the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul. <mask> arrives just after dawn ever yday at the state fairgrounds wearing long underwear, rubber gloves with a non-porous yellow rain coat over layers of clothing, and woolen socks with crocs. Her routine is to walk the fairgrounds to get herself excited for the day. Starting between 9:00 a.m. and 9:30 a.m., <mask> spends most of her day at the State Fair with the dairy royalty in the 40-degree "butter booth," a rotating walk-in, glass-walled refrigerator. Depending on the princesses’ hair, the carving of the butter sculpture takes six to eight hours per finalist.<mask> said that straight hair is easier than curly hair and short hair is easier than the long. She takes breaks after 90 minutes to warm up her hands, eat greasy fair food, and visit with fair goers. The most difficult part about each sculpture is getting the smile of the princess perfect. The rest of the sculpture she said in an interview with Minnesota Original comes naturally. The butter carving booth is one of the most popular exhibits at the state fair. The princess's family and friends stand around the rotating cooler as <mask> carves her sculpture. While she carves their faces, the princesses hold a microphone and answers question from the public about life on a dairy farm.In between interviews, <mask> talks to the princesses about boys, her children and her grandchildren. She likes working with butter as a medium because it's forgiving and can be "squished" into any form. It's also an attractive, eye-catching surface. She said the salted butter is much nicer to carve than the unsalted butter. Freezing the butter before carving leaves the image looking flaky. She uses a number of tools to mold and shape the butter, such as a long sharp floss-like cord, a number of knives and a 5-gallon pail to put the scraps in for the

masks: Christensen Christensen Christensen Christensen Christensen


texts:
 princesses to take home. She said in one of her interviews with The Wall Street Journal that this job was too big for a butter knife.She uses a similar style to Michelangelo who chipped away at his images. She plans to continue the butter sculpting at the Minnesota State Fair until she is no longer able to use her fingers. <mask>'s legacy helped lead to the creation of the Butter-fy Yourself Facebook App in 2010. The app transforms a simple Facebook profile photo into one of six butter personalities, including a dairy princess, a butter hippie, a butter cow, a butter liberty, butter bouffant and butter up, a baseball player. Awards
To mark her 40th anniversary, the Midwest Dairy Association granted a $1,000 scholarship in <mask>'s name to the Minneapolis College of Art and Design, to commemorate her dedication to carving butter heads. It was not until 2011 that <mask> went to a dairy farm. The 2007 Princess Kay of the Milky Way, Ann Miron Tauzell hosted a party on her father's farm in honor of <mask>'s 40 years.<mask> toured the AMPI butter-producing operation in New Ulm, Minnesota, the state's largest butter factory, that hand packs the butter blocks she's used all those years. According to the Star Tribune, <mask> is considered a celebrity among the dairy industry. "Growing up on a dairy farm is not exactly glamorous," said Christa Mounts Schlosser, now a dairy inspector for the state. "It's smelly and dirty. But for one day when you're spinning in that booth with <mask>, you're on a pedestal."'' Early life
<mask> was born in northeast Minneapolis as <mask> and spent some time growing up in Wilmar, Minnesota when her father sold Wonder Bread. Her mother worked as a secretary and her father was an aluminum siding salesman.In 1950, at 8 years-old she attended her first Minnesota State Fair. She hasn't missed a fair since. Although spending most of her senior year in a hospital, she graduated from Richfield High School in 1960. She was married to <mask> and had two daughters before

masks:
Christensen
Christensen
Christensen
Christensen
Christensen
Christensen
Linda
Christensen
Linda Olson
Earl Christensen


texts:
 enrolling at the Minneapolis College of Art and Design, in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She was one of the first married women with children to enroll there. She received a degree in visual arts with a concentration in sculptures. In 1968, as an art student, she walked into the Dairy Building at the Minnesota State Fair on a hot day and marveled at the artist in the cooler sculpting butter heads as dairy princesses modeled, wishing she could be in the cooler too.She was recommended for the job in 1972 when a woman from her college contacted her to fill the void of the original butter sculptor who was moving. Her audition for the job was to work on a 55-pound block of butter for three hours. In 1985 Earl and <mask> divorced. She worked as a middle-school art teacher in Twin Cities’ schools and later at General Mills. For a while, she lived and owned a sculpture studio and gift shop in Danbury, in north Wisconsin. There she made ceramic wildlife sculptures for her gift shop. More than 20 years ago, she created her own line of greeting cards, known as the “Elderberries” which conveys gentle humor about aging.She has taught calligraphy, sculpture and drawing. In 2000, she received a master's degree in theology from the University of St. Catherine in St. Paul, Minnesota. She took poetry classes at the Loft Literary Center in Minneapolis and continues to write and study for an online group. She also attended workshops to become a Zumba fitness instructor. She took classes in kinesiology, the study of human movement, to teach specialized classes. These are for older athletes, a special fitness level or classes for medical related issues. Life in the off season
<mask> currently resides in Oceanside, California, north of San Diego and works as a wine adviser.She now crafts necklaces and bracelets out of hand-tooled leather. References

 Featured on the PBS program "MN Original" from the TPT St. Paul, MN Station:

Artists from Minneapolis
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Sculptors

masks: Linda Christensen


texts:
<mask> (born 12 November 1973 in Chatham, Kent) is a Northern Irish professional snooker player. He represents Northern Ireland in international events, as his parents are from Belfast. <mask> has enjoyed moderate success in his career, reaching his highest ranking, 26th, for the 2004–05 season, and has reached one ranking final, at the 2014 Players Championship Grand Final, where he lost 4–0 to Barry Hawkins. Alongside this, <mask> reached a ranking semi-final, at the 2007 Grand Prix, losing to the eventual champion Marco Fu, and five quarter-finals. Representing Northern Ireland with teammate Mark Allen, he reached the final of the 2011 World Cup, where they lost to China. <mask> has qualified for the World Championship five times without winning a match at the Crucible Theatre, although he twice drew the defending champion – John Higgins in 1999, and Peter Ebdon in 2003. He was ranked within the world's top 64 players from 1997 until he fell off the main tour, losing his professional status, in 2016.Career

Early career

<mask> turned pro and joined the professional ranks in 1993/94 at the age of 20. In 1995/96 he got to the latter stages of three events and was up 38 places to 72nd in the World Rankings. In 1997 he got to his first ranking Quarter-final in the UK Championship by beating Ian Burmby 6–5 in the first round, Steve Davis 6–2 in the second round, Andy Hicks 9–6 in the third round, and Gary Ponting 9–6 in the last 16, taking him to the Quarter-finals where he lost 6–9 to Ronnie O'Sullivan. 2003/2004
He started the 2003/04 season in superb form reaching the British Open quarter final and the last 32 of the UK Championship beating Joe Swail 9–4 in the first round, then losing 9–7 to Matthew Stevens. He

masks:
Gerard Eamonn Greene
Greene
Greene
Greene
Greene


texts:
 also reached the last 32 of the LG Cup. He was briefly provisionally in the top 16 but then suffered a mid season slump. Things picked up a little later in the campaign and he was assured of a place in the top 32 for the first time at number 26, and overtook Swail to become the number one player from Northern Ireland.2004/2005
He then had some problems with his cue and his form suffered during the 2004/5 season when he failed in all but two of the ranking events, and despite reaching the Irish Masters quarter final he found himself back down to 38th in the rankings. 2006/2007
He returned to the top 32 after 2006/2007, the highlight being a run to the last 16 of the Northern Ireland Trophy. 2007/2008
He reached his first ranking semi-final at the 2007 Grand Prix. <mask> came through Group B which included Ronnie O'Sullivan, Steve Davis, Dominic Dale and qualifiers Tom Ford and Mark Joyce. He beat Davis and Dale 4–0, Ford 4–3 and Joyce 4–2, his only defeat coming at the hands of Ronnie O'Sullivan, 4–2. He defeated qualifier Ricky Walden 5–0 in the last 16 with breaks of 101 and 91. In his quarter-final he faced Joe Perry, who he defeated 5–3 with breaks of 68, 57, 123 and rounding of the match with a 53.Eventual champion Marco Fu edged him out 6–5 in the semi-final. For a while before this tournament, he had no snooker club to practice in. Showing his best form for years, he also reached the Quarter-final of the 2007 Northern Ireland Trophy, beating Liang Wenbo (5–2) in the first round. Then he beat former World Champions Mark Williams (5–3) and Ken Doherty (5–1) on the way. His run ended in the hands of Mark Allen, who he lost to 5–3. He lost form in 2008 however, failing to qualify for the World Championship after a