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 large orchestra. Describing the work as "unpretentious", he notes that the opera "is much more an amalgamation of the well-established American traditions of vaudeville, tab-show, melodrama, and minstrelsy, all held together by Joplin's marvelous music." He told the Wake Forest University newspaper that Joplin's "real dream was to give everyday people the opportunity, perhaps their only one, to experience opera on their own terms in the music halls and neighborhood theaters." In another interview, for the San Francisco Chronicle, <mask> indicated that Joplin was probably himself barred from opera during his day because he was black, but expressed his belief that Joplin realized opera's ability to speak to the public.He has recently recorded the opera with new world records. Silent Movie Performances
<mask> has an extensive collection of period cinema-orchestra scores which his orchestra performs along with broadcasting of the films they were created to accompany. Silent movies for which they perform the score include Buster Keaton's Cops, Harold Lloyd's Never Weaken, and Charlie Chaplin's The Immigrant. Another movie that <mask> performs with his orchestra is 'The Mark Of Zorro' starring Douglas Fairbanks. <mask> has expressed surprise that "Generation X" has responded so favorably to the music, suggesting in 1997 that younger listeners may resist the more commercially oriented music "crammed down their throats." Other Musical Activities
<mask> and his orchestra also have performed for diverse radio programs on New York Times''' WQXR, National Public Radio, the British Broadcasting Corporation, and the Voice of America networks, and <mask> has conducted the Aalborg Symphony Orchestra (Denmark), the RTÉ National Symphony Orchestra, Olympia Symphony in Washington State, the New Jersey Symphony, the Iceland Symphony


type: original

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 Orchestra, the Washington Performing Arts Society, the Brucknerhaus in Linz, Austria. <mask> is a touring lecturer and a published author and wrote liner notes on New World Recordshttp://www.newworldrecords.org/album.cgi?rm=view&album_id=80293  In addition to curating the collection of Arthur Prior, <mask> also curates the collections of Simone Mantia, B.F. Alart, and Frank H. Wells and has worked with archivists and historians including Thornton 'Tony Hagert's Vernacular Music Research

Awards and honors
In the World's Fair held in Seville, Spain, <mask> and his orchestra were the "Ambassador of Goodwill."Composition of <mask>'s Paragon Ragtime Orchestra

Because orchestras by their nature and tradition are much more fluid in regards to personnel, there are 36 players on the payroll of the Paragon Ragtime Orchestra and their appearance at a particular performance depends on a wide variety of criteria including the number of players called for by the score(s) to be performed. The score for the silent motion picture Zorro was written for 12 instruments while the orchestra's ragtime program is scored for 10 or 11 players, depending on the publisher and arranger. The main set-up for a theater orchestra of the era was 5 strings, 1 flute, 1/2 clarinets, 1/2 cornets, 1 trombone, Piano/Conductor and percussion. Variations on the instrumentation depended on the publisher of the music, and of the arrangement. Some of the orchestra's programs of historic theater music call for from 25 to 30 musicians and some of the grand silent film scores call for over 70 players, so the orchestra has to hire out when they perform these programs. The Road Manager for the Paragon Ragtime Orchestra is Leslie Cullen who also plays flute and piccolo and has been a member of the orchestra since 1989. Cullen studied at the Juilliard School and is an

masks: Benjamin Benjamin Benjamin Benjamin


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 adjunct at Bucknell University.Cullen has appeared at the Ravinia Festival, The Kennedy Center, Chautauqua, and the Smithsonian Institution. Cullen is a native of Lawton, Oklahoma and was the former artist-in-residence for the State Arts Council of Oklahoma. Cullen has also played with the Royale Trio and the Linden Woodwind Quintet. Personal life
In addition to his work with his orchestra, <mask> lectures at Bucknell University and Susquehanna University near his home in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. <mask> was greatly encouraged in his musical career by his grandfather, J. Edward Smith, who played violin, clarinet & piano, among other instruments, throughout his life, and was a musician with the Monmouth Symphony Orchestra, in Monmouth County, NJ, for many years until his death. <mask> and the Paragon Ragtime Orchestra continue to perform regularly in Monmouth County, NJ venues, where both grandfather and grandson lived. Discography

 You're A Grand Old Rag: George M. Cohan
 From Barrelhouse To Broadway: The Music Of Joe Jordan
 The Paragon Ragtime Orchestra (Finally) Plays 'The Entertainer'
 Black Manhattan: Music Of The Famous 'Clef Club'
 'Round The Christmas Tree
 More Candy
 On The Level...Songs Of Vaudeville & Tin Pan Alley
 Knockout Drops
 That Demon Rag!The Whistler And His Dog
 On The Boardwalk
Midnight Frolic

Videography
 Paragon's Mark of Zorro starring Douglas Fairbanks
 Paragon's Charlie Chaplin Moving Picture Show
 The Deserter (2004)
 The Forgotten Films of Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle'' (2005)

External links
 <mask>'s Paragon Ragtime Orchestra
 New World Records
 Photos of <mask> and the Paragon Ragtime Orchestra in Concert

References

American bandleaders
American conductors (music)
American male conductors (music)
American ragtime musicians
Living people
Musicians from Pennsylvania
Year of birth missing

masks:
Benjamin
Benjamin
Benjamin
Rick Benjamin
Rick Benjamin


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<mask>  (February 9, 1886 – July 20, 1969) was an American automotive industry engineer and automobile designer. Along with Fred M. Zeder and Carl Breer, he was one of the core group who formed the present day Chrysler Corporation. He made material contributions to Tourist Automobile Company, Allis-Chalmers, Studebaker, and was the main engineer behind the Chrysler Airflow automobile. He was elected to the Automotive Hall of Fame in 2002. Early life
<mask> was born on February 9, 1886, and went by the nickname "Skelt" from when he was a child. His family lived in Edgerton, Ohio, at the time of his birth. His father was a shopkeeper selling horse harnesses and saddlery.<mask> worked as a shop apprentice at his father's shop part-time in his youth. He went to the local public schools as a child and after graduating from high school he enrolled at Ohio State University. He graduated with a degree in mechanical engineering when he was nineteen. Career
From 1905 until 1907, <mask>'s first job in the automotive industry was with the Pope-Toledo automobile factory in Toledo, Ohio, noted for their gasoline-powered engine technology. He advanced to the design drafting department at Detroit's Packard Motor Car Company. As he became more experienced with expertise, Skelton simultaneously gained the reputation of being a design analyst who understood the entire transmission of a car, and a master specialist in rear axles and gear boxes. Skelton was one of the partners who designed the Benham automobile from 1914 to 1916.The startup firm failed to sell the automobile. Its construction appealed to another automaker also interested in streamlined design, Studebaker. The South Bend, Indiana, firm vice president and chief engineer, Frederick Morrell Zeder, offered <mask> an engineering position redesigning their drive trains transmissions, and rear axles. <mask> accepted Studebaker's pay offer of 58 U.S. cents () per hour. The money-losing Studebaker needed to produce a speedy design for a new,

masks:
Owen Ray Skelton
Skelton
Skelton
Skelton
Skelton
Skelton


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 inexpensive, mass-market automobile that could compete with the two new automobile conglomerates, Ford Motor Company and General Motors (GM). The struggling firm set up a design shop in Newark, and gave a relatively free hand to the shop's three principals, Zeder, <mask>, and Carl Breer. The threesome became known as "The Three Musketeers" for their design work of the 1918 Studebaker.ZSB Engineering

In 1921 Zeder, Skelton, Breer, and several associates left Studebaker to start an independent Newark automobile design-and-engineering firm, "ZSB Engineering." The luxury-oriented Daniels Motor Company hired ZSB to design their 1922 V-8, but the high-end car listed for $7,450 (), a prohibitive price for that day. Later in 1922, ZSB became interested in the mass market and was hired by Billy Durant on a motor design for the Flint automobile. The ZSB-designed six-cylinder engine with an updraft carburetor was later used on the Locomobile, a luxury automobile built by Durant Motors. Skelton and ZSB in the same year contracted out a concept car design, tentatively called the Zeder-Six. ZSB failed to obtain financing to complete the design work as an independent firm, but news of their work reached the ears of an aggressive car making executive, Maxwell's chief executive officer (CEO) Walter Chrysler. This contact proved to be decisive to Skelton's career.Chrysler obtained financing in early 1923 to merge Maxwell, the Detroit-based Chalmers Motor Car Company, and ZSB Engineering. The merged firm's operations were consolidated in Detroit in June 1923, initially under the name of "Maxwell-Chalmers." With ZSB's six-cylinder engine design as an integral element, Maxwell-Chalmers's cars sold well, and the firm underwent rapid expansion under CEO Chrysler's leadership. In 1925 Maxwell-Chalmers became the Chrysler Corporation. Chrysler Corporation
As a chief design engineer for Chrysler, <mask> is credited with leading the development of a rubber engine mount system for cars. Directed to develop ideas

masks: Skelton Skelton


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 to reduce motor vibration, <mask>'s team conceptualized more than 1,000 separate ideas; the Chrysler team combined the best concepts into a new system known as "floating power." The rubber engine mounts and other components of the system significantly reduced the transmission of engine vibration to the passenger compartment, thus smoothing the ride.This Skelton/Chrysler engineering innovation was adopted throughout the automobile industry. <mask> also led the innovative development of four-wheel hydraulic brakes as a standard feature on Chrysler cars. His work continued to be significant in development of the rear-engine, all-steel-body Chrysler cars developed through the 1930s and into the postwar years, as Chrysler took its place as a full-fledged competitor to Ford and GM. Personal life

<mask> lived in Palm Beach, Florida, and Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan. He was a member of the Everglades Club and Tennis Club in Palm Beach, the Grosse Pointe Club, Country Club of Detroit, and the Detroit Athletic Club. In 1931, he became a vice-president of the newly founded Chrysler Institute of Engineering. It had close ties to the University of Michigan, and awarded degrees in engineering subjects.<mask> became a member of the Chrysler board of directors in 1937. He retired from his position as an engineer with the company in 1951 and served as a director until 1954. <mask> died at the age of 83 on July 20, 1969, in Palm Beach. Funeral services and interment were in Detroit. He was survived by his wife Edith, two daughters, a stepdaughter, a brother and eleven grandchildren. <mask> was inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame in 2002. References

Bibliography

1886 births
1969 deaths
American automotive engineers
American founders of automobile manufacturers
American automotive pioneers
American chief executives in the automobile industry
Chrysler executives
Mechanics (trade)
Businesspeople from Detroit
Studebaker
People from Williams County, Ohio
Engineers from Ohio
20th-century American

masks: Skelton Skelton Skelton Skelton Skelton Skelton


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Major General <mask>, USA (April 11, 1859 – May 7, 1932) was an American Army lawyer who served as the Judge Advocate General of the United States Army from 1911 to 1923. <mask> is most noted for implementing and administering the United States Selective Service Act of 1917, under which thousands of American men were drafted into military service during World War I. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Edinburg, Missouri in 1859. After graduating from Grand River College at 16, he taught at local schools until applying for the United States Military Academy (USMA) at West Point, New York on the advice of his mother, <mask>. He entered West Point in 1877, graduating in 1881. Lieutenant <mask> was assigned to the 8th Cavalry, stationed around Brownsville, Texas. During this tour he studied law and in received a license to practice law in Texas in 1884.The same year, <mask> obtained a transfer to the Jefferson Barracks in Missouri. In 1885, Lieutenant <mask> was assigned Professor of Military Science at the University of Missouri. Here he instructed two companies of cadets and created the first ROTC cadet band in the United States, which later became known as Marching Mizzou. While at Missouri, he obtained a law degree and became a member of the Zeta Phi chapter of Beta Theta Pi. Soon after graduating in 1886, <mask> was promoted to First Lieutenant and ordered to rejoin his regiment as a troop commander in the Geronimo campaign. Following the campaign's conclusion in September 1886, he resumed teaching at the University of Missouri until 1889. Judge Advocate General
Upon completion of this detail, Lieutenant <mask> returned to the 8th Cavalry at Fort Yates, Dakota Territory, where he participated in the final campaign against Sitting Bull.In 1891, upon his promotion to captain he accepted a position as the acting Judge Advocate General of the Department of the Platte in Omaha, Nebraska. In January 1895, this temporary branch transfer became final and

masks:
Enoch Herbert Crowder
Crowder
Enoch Crowder
Mary Crowder
Crowder
Crowder
Crowder
Crowder
Crowder


texts: <mask> was promoted to major. The beginning of the Spanish–American War marked his promotion to lieutenant colonel. From 1898 to 1901, while in the Philippines, he served as a judge advocate, and later served as secretary to the island governors, one of whom was Arthur MacArthur Jr., father of Douglas MacArthur. He also served on the commission which arranged the Spanish surrender of the Philippines. During his service in the Philippines, he filled many important posts in the military government of the Islands, specializing in military law. In 1899, he headed the Board of Claims, served on the Philippine Supreme Court, and drafted the new Philippine criminal code.While in the Philippines, Crowder impressed then Governor General William Howard Taft with his legal acumen. Taft had Crowder serve as a de facto advisor to the Vatican's counsel regarding the transfer of "friars' lands" to Philippine nationals in an attempt to create a system of indigenous land ownership in the hopes that the people of the Philippines would have a stake in their eventual independence. Impressed with the ability Crowder had demonstrated in the Philippines, Judge Advocate General Davis in 1901 called him to Washington to serve as deputy judge advocate general. In this capacity, <mask> assisted in the prosecution of the then noteworthy Deming case in 1902, became a member of the general staff, and attained the rank of colonel. In the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905 he was senior American observer with the Japanese Army. From 1906 to 1909, while serving on the staff of the provisional governors in Cuba, he oversaw the Cuban elections in 1908, and later helped draft a body of laws for Cuba. In 1910, he represented the United States at the Fourth Pan American Conference in Buenos Aires and in that capacity made official visits to Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Panama.On February 11, 1911, after studying the military justice and penal systems of France and England on a European

masks: Crowder Crowder


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 tour, he returned to Washington to be promoted to brigadier general and assume the duties as Judge Advocate General of the United States Army, a post he held for 12 years. As Judge Advocate General, General <mask> initiated a number of innovations, including the regular publication of Judge Advocate General opinions; the issuance of a new digest (published in 1912) of all JAG opinions issued since 1862; and a program for the legal education of line officers at government expense. He additionally supervised the revision of the Articles of War for the first time since 1874, revised the Manual for Courts-Martial and took an active part in prison reform in the army. Selective Service Act

On April 6, 1917, the United States officially entered World War I. As Provost Marshal of the Army, <mask> led the drafting of the Selective Service Act which was passed by Congress in May 1917. General <mask>, as he became known, was also responsible for directing of the Selective Service and supervised the draft – the registration, classification, and induction – of all American men who were 18–30 years of age into the armed services – over 2,800,000 men during the war. The officers who served under General <mask> during this period are legion.Among these are the following: Major Hugh S. Johnson, Major Cassius Dowell, Lieutenant Colonel Allen W. Gullion, Major John H. Wigmore, Major Charles B. Warren, Captain M. C. Cramer, and Lieutenant Colonel E. A. Kreger. Although offered a promotion to the rank of lieutenant general in 1918, General <mask>, mindful of public and Congressional opposition to “swivel chair” generals, refused the promotion, seeking instead a field command. In October 1917, <mask> was promoted to major general. As Judge Advocate General, he supervised the administration of military justice in the army during the period when the number of general courts-martial rose from 6,200 in 1917 to over 20,000 in 1918. In 1918, the offices of Secretary of War Newton D.

masks: Crowder Crowder Crowder Crowder Crowder Crowder


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 Baker issued the "work or fight" order, and <mask> became in charge of executing the order which mandated that virtually every activity in the country support the war effort. Crowder was also instrumental in ensuring that the United States applied the laws of war to German prisoners of war, and he sought to limit military jurisdiction to uniformed personnel. On September 26, 1918, in response to newspaper reports of military camps being overcome by the Great Influenza Pandemic, Crowder cancelled the military draft calls for October.He wrote a book entitled The Spirit of Selective Service. Post–World War I
After the war, General <mask> found himself, along with the entire military justice system, the center of a storm of controversy, stemming from charges that the military justice system was "un-American." <mask>, a perceptive critic of the system who had already commenced work on needed reform, now accelerated his efforts. The specific recommendations he submitted to Congress, most of which were subsequently adopted, included greater safeguards for the accused, changes in the composition and powers of special courts-martial, and the addition of an authority in the President to reverse or alter any court-martial sentence found to have been adjudged erroneously. Ambassador to Cuba

In the spring of 1919, at the invitation of Cuban President Menocal, <mask> went to Cuba to advise on revisions to the election laws which he had helped write years earlier. He stayed for several years with the U.S. title Special Representative of the President and imposed reforms and appointments on the government of President Alfredo Zayas before a U.S. bank would make a critical loan to the Cuban government. Once the loan was made, Zayas undid those reforms and appointments.Nevertheless, <mask> retired from the army on February 14, 1923, and on the same day was appointed the first Ambassador from the United States to Cuba, a post which he held until 1927. Retirement and

masks: Crowder Crowder Crowder Crowder Crowder


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 death
From 1927 until his death in 1932, General <mask> was engaged in the private practice of law in Chicago. <mask> died in Washington, D.C., on May 7, 1932. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. Awards and honors
Among his honors and decorations were the Distinguished Service Medal, the Cuban Order of Carlos Manuel de Cespedes, the Japanese Order of the Rising Sun, Knight Commander of the British Order of St. Michael and St. George, Commander of the Legion of Honor, and Commander of the Italian Order of the Crown. Legacy
Perhaps the most apt description of the service to his country by <mask> H<mask> is contained in the words of the late Henry L. Stimson, Secretary of State in the cabinet of President Herbert Hoover and Secretary of War in the cabinets of Presidents William Howard Taft and Franklin D. Roosevelt, who said of General <mask>:

His name is memorialized in his home state of Missouri through the naming of a state park in his honor and through the designation of the World War II training center at Neosho, Missouri, as Camp Crowder. The ROTC building at the University of Missouri, Crowder Hall, is also named in his honor.He has been the subject of biographical studies. See also
 Fort Crowder (a.k.a. Camp Crowder)
 Crowder College (established on the grounds of the fort)
 Crowder State Park

References

External links

 E. H. Crowder letters, MSS SC 349 at L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University

1859 births
1932 deaths
Ambassadors of the United States to Cuba
United States Army generals of World War I
University of Missouri faculty
United States Army Provost Marshal Generals
Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
United States Army generals
People of the Russo-Japanese War
American military personnel of the Indian Wars
People from Grundy

masks:
Crowder
Crowder
Enoch
. Crowder
Crowder


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<mask> (20 May 1823 – 7 October 1900) was a British investor, philanthropist and premillennialist. He was the son of a wealthy brewery owner from whom he inherited his fortune. He was brought up in a prosperous Quaker family, but later moved to become a member of a Baptist Church. Although an excellent student at University of Cambridge, he left without a degree. He devoted his life and wealth to Christian evangelism, committing himself to a life of a tramp and recluse, minimising his entire expenditure on his own welfare. This was due to his strong premillennialist belief that when the Gospel of Jesus is spread to the entire world, then the Second Coming of Christ would happen. He was the benefactor to the success of Baptist Missionary Society and London Missionary Society, thereby becoming the principal factor in the spread of Protestantism, modernisation and formal education in the remotest parts of the world.Early life

<mask> was born on 20 May 1823 in Hunslet Lane, Leeds. He was the only son among four children of <mask> and Maria née Jowitt. His father was a successful brewery owner. Both his parents were committed members of the Society of Friends and were the leading figures in Leeds. He studied at the University of Cambridge with an excellent academic record. Following his mother and two of his sisters, he left the Society of Friends and joined the South Parade Baptist Church in 1848. <mask>. closed his business in 1846 to live a life of temperance, though he refused to sell it.Both the parents died in 1864 leaving an inheritance of £200,000 to <mask>.

Investments and achievements

<mask> never started his own business in spite of his huge fortune. Instead, he invested his wealth, mostly in British and American railways, which catapulted him to greater wealth. He used his riches to the strengthening of missionary works. He contributed massively to Baptist Missionary Society (BMS) of London, and also to London

masks:
Robert Arthington
Robert Arthington
Robert Arthington
Robert Sr
Robert Jr
Robert Arthington


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 Missionary Society (LMS). It was only because of his philanthropic deeds that many remote parts of the world received Christianity. BMS Congo Mission

One of Arthington's achievements was his contribution of £1,000 to BMS to launch Congo Mission in 1877. A steamer Peace was purchased from Arthington's initial donation of £4,000 in 1880 and additional £1,000 in 1882.The project was to advance the mission at Congo River possibly up to LMS Tanganyika Mission, which was also funded by Arthington. In 1884 he gave another £2,000 to BMS for extension of the mission as far as Kisangani. In 1892 he added £10,000 to the fund so that the mission can reach Upper Nile region. It was further reported that Arthington was an anonymous donor of £5,000 to the Church Missionary Society to enhance mission expedition in Uganda. Arthington Aborigines Mission

Arthington established his own Arthington Aborigines Mission in 1889 for evangelisation of tribal people in northeast India. Two British missionaries J. H. Lorrain and F. W. Savidge. They started teaching and preaching the Mizo tribes of Mizoram in 1894.They helped to create the written language of the natives, textbooks, dictionaries, and vernacular Bible (in parts). This was the origin of Christianity and formal education among the Mizos (Mizoram remains the most Christian state and second highest literacy rate in India). However, due to conflicting Arthington's impatience and their method of evangelism, they left the Arthington mission in 1898 to set up their own field in Arunachal Pradesh. Arthington then turned his attention to the Kond people of Orissa, which resulted in mass conversion. The same mission also sent William Pettigrew from Edinburgh to Manipur in 1894. However, the Raja of Manipur forbid him to preach among Meiteis in the Imphal. He worked with great success among the remote tribes such as Tangkhul Nagas and Kukis.Hospitals

Arthington made a total donation of


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 £20,000 to the Leeds Hospital for Women and Children during his lifetime. In recognition of his charity a new hospital at Cookridge was named Robert Arthington Hospital. He financed the hospital and was opened in May 1905. It was running until 2008. Personal life

Following his father's lifestyle, Arthington spent his life in strict moderation as a bachelor. He bought a plot of land in Headingley Lane from Misses Marshall 1868 and built a large stone house there. He moved from Hunslet to this house at 57 Headingley but occupying only a single room.He cooked his own meals, wore the same cloth for seventeen years and made friends with students who were in need. He slept on a chair, wrapping himself with his coat. He did not allow anyone access to his room, except special visitors. He would not even light the room for visitors, as he believed that "it was possible to speak as well in the dark as you could in the light". He limited his weekly expenditure to half crown. This self-imposed austerity and eccentricity earned him a nickname "Headingley Miser". By his restricted expenditure he could contribute large amounts of money to Christian missions for global evanglisation.He even willed his estate worth about five million dollars to the missions. His ideology was led by premillennialism that the spread of Christianity would hasten the Second Coming of Christ as foretold in the Gospel. His temperance commitment was most likely influence by a letter from a missionary, which was found among his belongings after his death. The missionary wrote, "Were I in England again, I would gladly live in one room, make the floor my bed, a box my chair, another my table, rather than the heathen should perish for the lack of knowledge of Jesus Christ." Arthington lived more or less like this. Death and legacy

<mask> died on 9 October 1900. In his deathbed, he requested to have read to him the Sermon on the Mount and Psalm 72.After the


texts:
 reading, he said, "Yes, it is all there – all!" The inscription on his tombstone bears "<mask>, His life and wealth was devoted to the spread of the Gospel among the Heathen." Arthington had prepared his last will and testament on 9 June 1900. He bequeathed a major portion of his estate to Christian missions, and only one-tenth of it to his first cousins, or if they were deceased, to their children. His will was poorly drafted, therefore, took the High Court of Chancery to approve it after five years, in 1905. Further, because of outstanding claims from the family, the actual distribution of the property took another five years. By then the monetary value had risen to £1,273,894.Twenty-one first cousins received £111,000 to be equally divided. Nine-tenth of the money was then shared by BMS (fifth portion) and LMS (fourth portion), with the amounts of £466,926 and £373,541 respectively. The will specified that preference should be given to the Gospel of Luke, Gospel of John, and Acts of the Apostles to be available in vernacular languages. The bequest was to be used within twenty-five years. Alfred Henry Baynes, the General Secretary of BMS, became the trustee until his death in 1914. He fervently pursued evangelisaion of Africa as was the over-riding zeal of Arthington. The LMS on the other hand extended their mission to China and India, in addition to Africa.A town called Arthington founded on 15 December 1869 was named after him. It is a small town in Liberia along the Saint Paul River, located northwest of the capital city of Monrovia. In 1868 Arthington financed the voyage of fifteen families of American slaves from South Carolina, Savanna and Georgia to Liberia. After settlement with the native inhabitants they were given the present Arthington. References

1823 births
1900 deaths
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
British investors
People from Leeds
19th-century British philanthropists
19th-century British


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Rashīd Aḥmad ibn Hidāyat Aḥmad Ayyūbī Anṣārī Gangohī (182611 August 1905) () was an Indian Deobandi Islamic scholar, a leading figure of the Deobandi jurist and scholar of hadith. His lineage reaches back to Abu Ayyub al-Ansari. Along with Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi he was a pupil of Mamluk Ali Nanautawi. Both studied the books of hadith under Shah Abdul Ghani Mujaddidi and later became Sufi disciples of Haji Imdadullah. His lectures on Sahih al-Bukhari and Jami` at-Tirmidhi were recorded by his student Muhammad Yahya Kandhlawi, later edited, arranged, and commented on by Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi, and published as Lami` ad-Darari `ala Jami` al-Bukhari and al-Kawkab ad-Durri `ala Jami` at-Tirmidhi. Name
In Tazkiratur Rashid his name and nasab is given as follows: Maulānā Rashīd Aḥmad ibn Maulānā Hidāyat Aḥmad ibn Qāẓī Pīr Bak͟hsh ibn Qāẓī G͟hulām Ḥasan ibn Qāẓī G͟hulām ‘Alī ibn Qāẓī ‘Alī Akbar ibn Qāẓī Muḥammad Aslam al-Anṣārī al-Ayyūbī. In the biographical work Nuzhat al-Khawatir he is mentioned with the nisbats "al-Anṣārī, al-Ḥanafī, ar-Rāmpūrī then al-Gangohī".In the introduction to al-Kawkab ad-Durri he is mentioned as "Mawlānā Abī Mas‘ūd Rashīd Aḥmad al-Anṣārī al-Ayyūbī al-Kankawhī al-Ḥanafī al-Jishtī an-Naqshbandī al-Qādirī as-Suhrawardī". His given name was <mask>; Abu Masud was


texts:
 his kunya. His heritage can be traced back to a famous companion of the prophet Muhammad, namely Ayub Ansari (who died in 674). Ayub Ansari had hosted the prophet in his home in Medina city, when he made hegira (migration) to Medina city in 622. Biography
<mask> was born on Monday, 6 Dhu al-Qi'dah 1244 AH (1826 AD)  in Gangoh, Saharanpur District, British India (in present-day Uttar Pradesh, India). He was born in the mahallah of Sarai, close to the tomb of Abdul Quddus Gangohi. Both his father Maulana Hidayat <mask> and his mother Karimun Nisa belonged to Ansari Ayyubi families, claiming descent from Abu Ayyub al-Ansari.His ancestral village was Rampur, but his grandfather Qazi Pir Bakhsh had settled in Gangoh. Hidayat <mask> was an Islamic scholar connected to the Waliullahi tradition, and in tasawwuf (Sufism) an authorized khalifah (successor) of Shah Ghulam Ali Mujaddidi Dihlawi. He died in 1252 AH (1836) at the age of 35, when <mask> was seven. A few years later <mask>'s younger brother Sa'<mask> also died, at the age of nine. After the death of Hidayat <mask> the responsibility for <mask>'s upbringing fell to his grandfather Qazi Pir Bakhsh. He also had four maternal uncles: Maulana Muhammad Naqi, Maulana Muhammad Taqi, Maulana Abdul Ghani, and Maulana Muhammad Shafi. He was

masks:
Rashid Ahmad
Ahmad
Ahmad
Rashid
Rashid
id Ahmad
Ahmad
Rashid


texts: especially close to Abdul Ghani, who took on a fatherly role for him.He also had a close friendship with his younger cousin, Abun Nasr, son of Abdul Ghani's. <mask> received his elementary education from a local teacher, Miyanji Qutb Bakhsh Gangohi. He read the Qur'an in Gangoh, probably at home with his mother. Then he studied the primary Persian books with his older brother Inayat <mask>. He completed Persian studies in Karnal with his maternal uncle Muhammad Taqi, and also partly with Muhammad Ghaus. Afterwards he studied the primary books of Arabic grammar (sarf and nahw) with Muhammad Bakhsh Rampuri, on whose encouragement he then traveled to Delhi in pursuit of knowledge in 1261 AH (1845), at the age of 17. After arriving in Delhi he studied Arabic with Qazi <mask> Punjabi Jehlami.Afterwards he attended the classes of different teachers before becoming a pupil of Mamluk Ali Nanautawi, a scholar of the Shah Waliullah line, and a professor at Delhi College. It was in this period that <mask> met and developed a close companionship with Mamluk Ali's nephew, Muhammad Qasim Nanautawi. Both were private pupils of Mamluk Ali. After he completed his studies with Mamluk Ali, he stayed a few more years in Delhi to study under other teachers. He became a pupil of Mufti Sadruddin Azurdah, with

masks:
Rashid Ahmad
Ahmad
Ahmaduddin
Rashid Ahmad


texts: whom he studied some books of the  (rational sciences). He studied the books of hadith and tafsir under Shah Abdul Ghani Mujaddidi. <mask> Sa'id, the older brother of Shah Abdul Ghani Mujaddidi, was also among his teachers.After four years in Delhi, <mask> returned home to Gangoh. He married Khadijah, daughter of his uncle Maulana Muhammad Naqi, at the age of 21. It was not until after his marriage that he memorized the Qur'an. He then travelled to Thana Bhawan, where he gave bay'ah (allegiance) at the hand of Haji Imdadullah in the Sufi path. He remained in Imdadullah's company and service for 42 days. When he prepared to leave for Gangoh, Imdadullah held his hand and gave him permission to take disciples. While Nanautawi and Gangohi are often mentioned as co-founders of Darul Uloom Deoband, Rizvi writes that there is no historical evidence that Gangohi played a role in its establishment in 1283 AH.However, due to his close relationship with Nanautawi and others involved, it is unlikely that he was unaware of its founding. Rizvi cites a record of Gangohi's written inspection of the madrasah on 3 Rajab 1285 AH as the earliest evidence for his formal relationship with the madrasah. It was also common for graduates of the madrasah to attend <mask>'s hadith lectures in Gangoh. Alongside

masks:
Shah Ahmad
Rashid
Rashid Ahmad


texts:
 Muhammad Qasim Nanautvi, Gangohi's efforts were instrumental in fostering a transnational, pan-Islamic consciousness in the subcontinent amongst the educated middle classes; during an era of increasing connectivity and arrival of new technologies of communication. He forbade Muslims from engaging in various customs which he regarded as stemming from Hindu culture and criticised those Muslims "who retained trappings of ‘Hindu’ culture and lifestyles"; whether in clothing or lifestyle. As a strong opponent of the British rule; Gangohi also fiercely denounced the singing of patriotic British songs in English schools; denouncing it as an act of Kufr (disbelief). In 1297 AH, after the death of Qasim, <mask> was made sarparast (patron) of Darul Uloom Deoband.From 1314 AH he was also sarparast of the Darul Uloom's sister madrasah, Mazahir Uloom Saharanpur. He died on a Friday, 8 Jumada II 1323 AH (1905 AD) after the adhan (call to prayer) of Jumu'ah prayer. See also
 Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari
 Majid Ali Jaunpuri
 Hussain Ahmed Madani
 Al-Muhannad 'ala al-Mufannad

Notes

References

External links
 Books Collection

1826 births
1905 deaths
Hanafis
Maturidis
Deobandis
Hadith scholars
19th-century Muslim scholars of Islam
Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam
Najjarite people
People from


texts:
<mask> née Drinker (May 1, 1841 – July 19, 1922) was an American artist, author, and translator. Before she married, she had an established career as an artist and teacher under the name <mask>. Early life

<mask> was born on May 1, 1841 in Philadelphia to (Henry) Sandwith Drinker and Susannah Budd Drinker (née Shober). Her father commanded ships involved in East India trade and then established a partnership called James and Drinker in Hong Kong and Macao. He was a merchant or adjacents-ports agent for organizations in New York, Boston, and Philadelphia. Janvier was the oldest of four children. She had a sister and two brothers.Her brother Robert was born in 1845, Henry was born in 1850, and Elizabeth in 1853. Sandwith Drinker lived in Hong Kong by 1845 and the rest of the family was there about 1849. Janvier was a friend and correspondent of student Townsend Harris, who became the first Minister to Japan for the United States. Janvier studied oriental arts, the French and Latin languages, literature, and mathematics. She was also interested in horse-back riding and dancing. At ten or fifteen years of age, one of her father's business associates and a powerful merchant, Hukwa, tried unsuccessfully to arrange a marriage between Janvier and his son. The Drinkers were living in the orient during the Opium Wars when the relationships between foreign traders and the Chinese was difficult.The Drinkers lived in Macao by 1857. In January 1857, Sandwith Drinker was poisoned and died of dysentery, believed to be the result of a politically motivated mass poisoning of bread at a bakery. About 400 foreigners "suffered great impairment of health" due to arsenic poisoning. Susannah Drinker sailed with her children from China to Baltimore.

masks:
Catherine Ann Janvier
Catherine Ann Drinker
Catherine Ann Drinker


texts:
 During the trip, when the captain was drunk, Janvier navigated the ship because the First Officer did not have the sufficient ability to read the charts. Her mother established Mrs. Drinker's Academy for Young Ladies in Baltimore. She had a tumor in her uterus and died in March 1860.Janvier kept the school open for a time, and then closed it to pursue a career in art. She took the responsibility for providing for the family, also included her grandmother. Education and art career

<mask>, who studied and worked under the name <mask> Drinker, studied art at the Maryland Institute with Adolf van der Whelan. In 1865, <mask> and the other Drinker children moved to their cousin <mask>'s house in Philadelphia at 1906 Pine Street. Cathrine Drinker took classes at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, where she studied under  Thomas Eakins. A life drawing class was established for women at the school in 1868. Ida Waugh and Emily Sartain were among her fellow students.Janvier taught art at Miss Sanford's School in 1870 and through private lessons. One of her private students was Cecilia Beaux, with whom she had much in common and became good friends. Cecilia's sister, Aimée Ernesta Beaux, married Henry Sturgis Drinker, Janvier's brother. From 1873 to 1874, she ran Francis Adolf Van der Wielen's school, and Beaux was her student at that time. In the mid 1870s she studied under Thomas Eakins at the Pennsylvania Academy. In New York, she studied at the Art Students League. Aside from teaching, Janvier also created marketable paintings of people, still-life, and genre scenes that sold for about $300 () each painting in New York City.The paintings of Geoffrey Rudel and the Countess of Tripoli (1870), James Madison (1875), Daniel at Prayer

masks:
Janvier
Catherine Ann
Janvier
Ann Elmslie


texts:
 (1876) and the lithograph Blessed Are the Meek (1871), all helped to develop her reputation as an artist. Geoffrey Rudel and the Countess of Tripoli was exhibited at the Union League of Philadelphia and James Madison was purchased by the city of Philadelphia and is now in the collection of the Independence National Historical Park. She exhibited her works of art at PAFA from 1876 to the mid-1880s. Drinker won the Mary Smith Prize in 1880 for The Guitar Player, which in 1922 was among the collection of the Neighborhood Guild at Peace Dale, Rhode Island. At the age of 27, she was the first woman to teach at the academy in 1878. Janviers gave lectures about perspective and wrote the book Lessons in Perspective. Marriage
On September 26, 1878, <mask> Drinker married journalist Thomas Allibone <mask> in Drifton, Pennsylvania at St. James Church.By the mid-1880s, the Janviers had moved to New York City and <mask> has begun a transition from artist to writer. The Janviers enjoyed a happy marriage in which they lived in England among literary circles and in Provence between 1883 and 1890. Their friends included poets and writers Roumanille, Felix Gras, and Mistral. Besides Europe, the Janviers also traveled to Mexico. When they were not out of the country, they lived in New York City. They were close friends of William Sharp, who they met in 1892. <mask> was among the first to know that Fiona Mcleod was his secret pseudonym.Career transition
Janvier translated a book about painting china that French ceramist Camille Piton-who moved to Philadelphia in 1878 and established an art school- wrote in 1878. Janvier titled the book China Painting in America (1879). She taught pottery. In 1880 the book Practical Keramics for Students was

masks:
Catherine Ann
Janvier
Catherine
Catherine


texts:
 published. Janvier translated two books by Felix Gras: The White Terror and The Reds of the Midi. They royalties for the books went to Gras, which helped to fund the education of his sons. Janvier enjoyed Homer and had an interest in Greek history, partially realized in her manuscript Captain , which was published in 1935 as Captain Dionysios, A Romance of Old Marseilles under <mask>'s name by her brother Henry.In 1904, her book London Mews was published. Both Thomas and <mask> wrote for Harper's Weekly. <mask> was a member of the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies, London's Pioneer Club, and the Woman's Cosmopolitan Club in New York City. Death
Thomas died on June 18, 1913. <mask> lived on 59th Street in New York from 1913 to 1918 and with her brother Dr. Henry Drinker in Merion, Pennsylvania by 1921, when she appeared on the Social Register. She died in Merion at the home of her brother in 1922. She was the aunt of <mask> Bowen.Manuscripts, correspondence, and other papers are held at the New York Public Library. Collections
 Independence National Historical Park, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
 James Madison, after Gilbert Stuart, circa 1875
 Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
 Blessed are the Meek, 1871, three-color lithograph on cream wove paper
 Old-Fashioned Music, 1880, pen and ink over black and orange pencil on cream paper
 Man Gazing Heavanward with Cross, three-color lithograph on cream wove paper

Notes

References

External links

1841 births
1922 deaths
American women painters
19th-century American painters
20th-century American painters
20th-century American women artists
19th-century American women artists
20th-century American translators
20th-century American women writers
Students of Thomas

masks:
Janvier
Catherine Janvier
Janvier
Catherine
Catherine Drinker


texts:
<mask> (December 12, 1900 – December 20, 1994), who was usually known as "<mask>" or "D<mask>", was a noted 20th-century American Quaker author and theologian, former chaplain both to Harvard and Stanford universities. Early life and education
<mask> was born December 12, 1900 in Iowa, the fourth of five children, and was graduated from William Penn College in Iowa in 1922. He did graduate study at Brown University, Hartford Seminary, and Harvard University before finishing his PhD at Johns Hopkins University in Philosophy. Career
During his career, Trueblood held faculty and chaplain positions at Haverford College, Guilford College, Harvard University, Stanford University, and Earlham College. He then settled in the Quaker community of Richmond, Indiana intending to help spur the growth of Earlham College from a small regional religious school into a nationally recognized institution of higher learning. He was a founder of the Earlham School of Religion, a Quaker seminary in Richmond, and contributed to a renaissance of American Quaker thought and action spurred on partly by the common experiences of Quaker intellectuals as conscientious objectors during World War II (although Trueblood himself was not a pacifist). He actively sought to mentor younger Quakers into his nineties.Trueblood also founded the Yokefellow movement and supported Stephen Ministries. His Yokefellow funders included some of his past students, such as planned community developer Charles Samuel Coble, whom Trueblood taught and also coached in track in the late 1920s at Guilford College. He was a political conservative who supported Nixon's foreign policy, including the Vietnam War, and gave the invocation at the 1972 Republican National

masks:
David Elton Trueblood
Elton Trueblood
. Elton Trueblood
Elton Trueblood


texts:
 Convention. Nonetheless, he was known for maintaining an internationalist perspective, serving for many years as the permanent representative from the global Quaker community to the World Council of Churches, an organization he helped bring into being. In the 1950s, he served as a senior advisor to President <mask>. Eisenhower, who created a post for him as Director of Religious Information at the U.S. Information Agency (formerly the Voice of America). Time magazine profiled him in this role on March 15, 1954. During the Nixon Administration he again served as an adviser to the President.Publications
<mask> wrote 33 books, including: The Predicament of Modern Man, Alternative to Futility, Foundations for Reconstruction, Signs of Hope, The Logic of Belief, Philosophy of Religion, Robert Barclay, Abraham Lincoln: Theologian of American Anguish, The Idea of a College, The People Called Quakers, The Incendiary Fellowship, The Trustworthiness of Religious Experience (1939 Swarthmore Lecture), A Place to Stand, Your Other Vocation and The Humor of Christ. <mask>'s short book, The Predicament of Modern Man, received much attention near the end of World War II for the way it addressed a widespread interest in finding spiritual meaning and morality in the face of such extreme suffering during World War II. In the book he asserted that searching for morality without a foundation in religion was a futile effort, using the analogy of trying to make cut flowers in a vase live forever. <mask> wrote a shorter version of this basic thesis for Reader's Digest, which generated volumes of mail; he reportedly responded to every letter. Some reviewers have considered <mask>'s books, especially The Logic of Belief and Philosophy of

masks:
Dwight D
Elton Trueblood
Trueblood
Elton
Trueblood


texts:
 Religion, among his most rigorous intellectual contributions to the field of philosophy of religion. <mask>'s book on Abraham Lincoln caught the attention of Nancy Reagan, who talked about it in an interview with Good Housekeeping in September 1981. It was reissued in 2012 by Phoenix Press with the title Abraham Lincoln: A Spiritual Biography .Trueblood told several students and reviewers that he sought to provide the general audience with many readable works to promote a depth of religious thought among his readers. One of his final books was an autobiography titled While it is Day, which traced his personal journey from boyhood in Iowa and placed his personal history in the context of the history of his family's long connection with Quakerism. Friend of Presidents
Trueblood became a lifetime friend of President Herbert Hoover, who was also a Quaker. They first met when <mask> was the chaplain and a faculty member at Stanford University and Hoover had retired to Palo Alto, California. They lived near each other and eventually struck up a friendship that lasted for decades. When Hoover died in 1964 while Trueblood was traveling in southeast Asia, the State Department flew Trueblood back to the United States to perform the funeral service at the request of Hoover's family. Trueblood was also friends with Presidents <mask>. Eisenhower, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan.Family and retirement
He had four children (Martin, Arnold, Sam and Elizabeth) with his first wife, Pauline, who died in 1955. Trueblood was remarried in 1956 to Virginia Zuttermeister in ceremonies held at the Washington National Cathedral. Trueblood retired from Earlham College in 1966, but lived in Richmond, Indiana, for nearly the

masks:
Trueblood
Elton
Dwight D


texts:
 rest of his life. For many years he also maintained a summer home on Lake Paupac (), a Quaker retreat in the Pocono Mountains near Greentown, PA. He continued to write books and give public speeches in retirement. Trueblood died on December 20, 1994. His obituary was featured in The New York Times.His cremains are interred at his study, Teague Library, on the campus of Earlham College. References

Further reading
<mask>od. While It Is Day: An Autobiography. Richmond, IN: Yokefellow Press, 1974. Newby, Elizabeth, ed. A Philosopher's Way: Essays and Addresses of D<mask> <mask>. Nashville: Broadman Press, 1978.Newby, James R., ed. Basic Christianity: Addresses of D<mask> Trueblood. Richmond, IN: Friends United Press, 1978. The Best of <mask>, An Anthology. Nashville: Impact Books, 1978. External links

Biography of <mask>od
Text of memorial by U.S. Sen. Richard Lugar in the Congressional Record

1900 births
1994 deaths
20th-century Quakers
American Christian theologians
American Quakers
Brown University people
Earlham College faculty
Guilford College faculty
Hartford Seminary alumni
Harvard University alumni
Johns Hopkins University alumni
Writers from Richmond, Indiana
Quaker ministers
Quaker theologians
Quaker writers
Stanford University people
William Penn University alumni
20th-century American

masks:
Elton Trueblo
. Elton
Trueblood
. Elton
Elton Trueblood
Elton Trueblo


texts:
<mask> (born 29 June 1971 in Wartenberg, district Erding) is a German cabaret artist and actress. Life and career

Youth and education
<mask> was raised with her two younger brothers on their parental farm in Tittenkofen, Upper Bavaria. After completing her A-levels, she worked for several years as a foreign language secretary. At the age of 27, she had completed a two-and-a-half-year program at the Zerboni drama school. Her first theater engagement was from 2000 to 2005, as an ensemble member of Iberl-Bühne, directed by Georg Maier in Munich-Solln. TV career
In 2002, <mask> gained her first experience as a cabaret artist in the comedy series Kanal fatal , in which she portrayed Kellnerin Monique, a typical Bavarian waitress who, in broad vernacular speech, talks about her adventures in gastronomy. At the same time, she also performed in Günter Grünwald's Freitagscomedy.From 2003 to 2009, she was a member of the Bavarian Television sketch series Die Komiker. She reported from Oktoberfest in Munich for Bayerischer Rundfunk or BR ('Bavarian Broadcasting') in 2004, and in 2006 she was a celebrity gossip commentator for Grünwald Freitagscomedy. In 2009, Gruber and Grünwald shot a four-part sketch show called Normal is des ned. That collaboration with Grünwald and BR ended in September 2009. In 2012, the German broadcaster ZDF (Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen) gave Gruber her own TV series, Leute, Leute!, a boulevard satire. Contrary to the wishes of ZDF, Gruber didn't extend her contract for Leute, Leute! at the end of 2012, in order to gain more time for live performance.In

masks:
Monika Gruber
Monika Gruber
Gruber


texts:
 the same year, she won a Bavarian TV award in the category of comedian for Die Große Quatsch Variety Show (Pro7), <mask> <mask> live 2011 (BR), and Grünwald Freitagscomedy (BR). From January 2011 to the end of 2013, Gruber, along with Bruno Jonas and Rick Kavanian, was a core member of Die Klugscheißer, a monthly satirical TV series of Bavarian Television. The show was discontinued when she withdrew to focus on her stage programs. In April 2014, Gruber was again a regular guest on Grünwald Freitagscomedy, and she continued to perform with Günter Grünwald on a more regular basis in autumn 2014. For this reason, the title of the series was to be changed to Grünwald & Gruber Freitagscomedy. At the end of the year, however, <mask> and Bavarian Television announced that these plans would not be realized because of scheduling and conceptual difficulties. In addition to her cabaret and comedy performances, Gruber acted in various TV productions.From 2008 to 2011, she played the leading role of Hannelore Herbst in the Bavarian Television series Der Kaiser von Schexing. From 2011 to 2013, she played reporter Barbara Hansen in the first 30 episodes of the ARD series Hubert & Staller. At the same time, she also played Moni Riemerschmidt in the new Heiter bis tödlich episodes of the Bavarian police series München 7 along with Florian Karlheim, Andreas Giebel, and Christine Neubauer. Cabaret stage program
Gruber toured through the south of Germany and Austria in 2004 with her first solo program, Kellnerin Monique, schmeckt's ned? In 2005, her solo program Hauptsach' g'sund

masks: Monika Gruber Gruber


texts:
 debuted. Her third stage program Zu wahr, um schön zu sein, celebrated its premier on 13 September 2008 in Munich, and was performed at the 17th Arosa Humor-Festival. From April 6, 2011, Gruber toured with her program Wenn ned jetzt, wann dann!.In the turn of the year 2012–13, Gruber performed with Michael Niavarani in their "patchwork program" called Best of Beide, in a repeatedly sold-out town hall in Vienna. The program focused on 40-year-old singles, folks with "menstruation background", bad-tempered people from Vienna, and everyday lies. The stage performances in Bavaria in February 2013 were also well-attended. In January 2014, Guber performed a fifth solo program, Irgendwas is' immer. Social commitment
Gruber is involved in the cabaret artist Christian Springer's association Orienthelfer e.V. and locally supports Lebanese refugees. Personal life
Gruber suffered from anorexia nervosa for several years during her adolescence.From September 2011 to September 2012, she was in a relationship with the managing director of the Paulaner brewery, Andreas Steinfatt. Cabaret programs (selection)
 2004: Kellnerin Monique: Schmeckt's ned? 2005: Hauptsach' g'sund
 2008: Zu wahr, um schön zu sein
 2011: Wenn ned jetzt, wann dann! 2014: Irgendwas is' immer

Acting (selection)
Al performances were in German or in Bavarian vernacular. Television
 2002: Retro
 2004: The Old Fox
 2004: Tatort (Crime scene) – Sechs zum Essen
 2008–2011: Der Kaiser von Schexing
 2010: Lotta & die alten Eisen
 2011–2013, 2017–: Hubert & Staller
 2012: Der Meineidbauer
 2012–: München 7
 2016–:


texts:
 Moni's Grill

Movies
 2011: Eine ganz heiße Nummer
 2012: Vatertage – Opa über Nacht
 2014: Winterkartoffelknödel
 2014: Die Mamba

Theatre
 2009: Honigmond

Televised cabaret performances (selection)
 2003–2009: Die Komiker
 2004: Auffahrt Nockherberg
 2005–2009 and 2014: Grünwalds Freitagscomedy
 2005: Auf bairisch g'lacht
 2006: Die Gruber
 2006: Coconut Kiss
 2007–2013: Neues aus der Anstalt
 2009: Normal is des ned
 2011–2013: Die Klugscheisser
 2011: Wetten, dass..? 2012: Leute, Leute! (ZDF)
 bis 2012: Ottis Schlachthof
 2013: Was gibts Neues?(ORF eins)
 2014: Die Anstalt
 2015: heute-show (ZDF)

Books
 Man muss das Kind im Dorf lassen, Piper, München 2014, . Awards
 2006: Bavarian Cabaret Award in the Senkrechtstarter (high flier) category. 2007: Ernst-Hoferichter-Preis
 2008: Merkur Theatre Prize of the newspaper Münchner Merkur
 2010: nominated for German Comedy Award in the 'Best Comedian, female' category
 2012: Bavarian TV Awards in the 'Entertainment, Comedian' category. External links

  of Monika Gruber

References

1971 births
Living people
German cabaret performers
German women comedians
German film actresses
German stage actresses
People from Erding


texts:
<mask> (born <mask> or Maria Rosa Amita Capdeville, November 7, 1903 – March 23, 1991) was an Argentine film actress. Early life
<mask> was born <mask>. Some sources spell her last name as Cap de Vielle, while others give her birth name as Maria Rose Amita Capdevielle, <mask>, or Maria Rosa Cap de Vielle. Her mother was Spanish Basque and her father was French Catalan. Orphaned when she was four years old, <mask> lived with her grandmother in France and was educated in a convent there, as well as in England and Germany. By the age of 19, she spoke four languages — French, German, English and Spanish. In the April 1930 issue of Picture Play magazine, William H. McKegg wrote that <mask> "has assimilated much from each country [in which she has lived]—cynical frankness of the French, the simplicity of the Germans—the romanticism of the Italians, and the independence of the English."Film career

<mask>' ambition to become an actress originated during World War I, when she was a student in Luders, France. She and her classmates wrote, directed, and presented short plays to entertain soldiers billeted near the school. After graduation <mask> begged to go to England and her mother finally relented. In England she found a woman was given much more freedom than in either Spain or South America. She traveled to England under the indirect chaperonage of an Argentine family. Her stay was intended to last only six months, but was extended another two years. The Argentine ambassador in Berlin received a letter which led to <mask> being introduced to the President of the United Film Association.Soon she journeyed to Germany, where she participated in

masks:
Mona Maris
Mona Maria Emita Capdeville
Mona Maris
Mona Maria Emita Capdeville
Rosa Emma Mona María Marta Capdelle
Maris
Maris
Maris
Maris
Maris


texts: Universum Film AG productions. She was given a screen test during which the camera was not loaded with film. A prominent director noticed <mask> and offered her a five-year contract. She counseled with her grandmother, who reluctantly allowed her to accept. <mask>' screen debut was in the German film Los Esclavos del Volga, directed by Richard Eichberg. (The book Hollywood—Se Habla Español says, "<mask>' film career began with the 1925 silent movie The Apache", while a 1985 Associated Press newspaper article wrote "She first appeared in the British-made movie, The Little People in 1924.") Jorge Finkielman wrote about her performance in his book, The Film Industry in Argentina: An Illustrated Cultural History: "Her portrayal of the character Tatiana showed that she was an actress who could be expected to turn out noteworthy performances."Joseph Schenck, president of United Artists, granted her the prospect of a Hollywood career. At the time she had completed just four films in Germany. Her Hollywood film career began with the 1925 movie The Apache. Spanish, French, and German came easily for her, but in the early years of sounds films, her English was almost unintelligible. From 1931 to 1941, she starred in 19 Spanish-language versions of successful American pictures, which were produced by the Fox Film Company. <mask> also appeared in seven English dialogue motion pictures for three studios. In 1985, <mask> described her image as an actress."They used to hiss whenever I was on screen," she said. "I was always playing the heavy. Here (in Argentina) when they need a heavy, they get an English girl. There (in the United States), when they

masks: Maris Maris Maris Maris Maris


texts:
 needed a heavy, it was the Spanish girl." <mask> remained active at age 81, in the role of French aristocrat Marie Anne Périchon de Vandeuil, "a disturbed, broken-hearted grandmother" in the film Camila (1984), which was described as "the most successful Argentine film in decades." Personal life
She was married twice. Her first marriage took place while she was working in Europe and dissolved before she traveled to the United States.She began an affair with Clarence Brown in 1931, and he reportedly proposed to her. Despite multiple sources listing them as being married, they were not, and the affair ended shortly after the proposal, with <mask> later saying she ended the relationship because she had her "own ideas of marriage then." She married Herman Rick in 1960. They divorced in 1969. <mask> had no children. Death
<mask> died  in her native Buenos Aires on March 23, 1991, aged 87. She is buried at La Chacarita Cemetery.4
 Los Angeles Times, "Argentine Film Actress Given Welcome Here", January 1, 1929, p. A1
 Los Angeles Times, "<mask> Gives Recipe for Foreign Actress to Get By Successfully in Hollywood", December 29, 1929, p. B11

External links

 Photographs of <mask>

Argentine film actresses
Argentine silent film actresses
People from Buenos Aires
Argentine people of Basque descent
Argentine people of Spanish descent
1903 births
1991 deaths
Argentine people of French descent
Deaths from lung disease
20th-century Argentine actresses
Burials at La Chacarita Cemetery
Argentine expatriates in France
Argentine expatriates in the United Kingdom
Expatriate actresses in the United States
Argentine expatriates in the United

masks:
Maris
Maris
Maris
Mona Maris
Mona Maris
Mona Maris


texts:
<mask> (born 1941 in Berlin) is a German sociologist, filmmaker, publisher and professor. Biography
<mask> grew up in a female household; her father committed suicide in World War II. After a few semesters studying journalism, North American studies and Romance studies at the Free University of Berlin, she went to the USA. In 1965, she graduated with a master's thesis on "The Role of Broadcasting in Africa with Special Emphasis on West Africa" and completed her studies in broadcasting, television and film at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. However, her dream of working as a documentary filmmaker on television proved to be unrealizable: "My job interview at CBS or NBC was such that the gentlemen asked me, 'What do you mean, why we hire women here?' That was a rhetorical question - and the answer: 'Yes, as a cleaning woman and as secretaries.' " In 1965 <mask> taught at Rust College in Holly Springs, Mississippi.In 1966/67 she went to Puerto Rico, where she worked in the Anti-Poverty Programs of the Office of Economic Opportunity. From 1969 to 1970, she taught seminars on women's studies and on race and class at Columbia College Chicago and was active in the women’s movement. In 1972 <mask> was awarded a Ph.D. at University of Wisconsin–Madison with a dissertation on workers' education and her Habilitation from the Free University of Berlin with a study on the life and work of women and men professors. In 1973 she returned to Germany and taught women's studies and cultural and immigration issues at the John F. Kennedy Institute for North American Studies at the Free University of Berlin. Alongside, she established together with a few fellow campaigners a book publishing house specialized on feminist literature and the Feminist Women's Health Center in Berlin in 1974, the first of its kind in Germany. She worked with the center until 1981. She also co-founded Orlanda Women's Press (Orlanda Frauenverlag) in 1974 and was

masks:
Dagmar Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz


texts: (co-)editor until 2001.As a visiting professor, she taught sociology of education at State University of New York in 1981. In 1984, she helped civil rights activist and poet Audre Lorde, whom she got to know at the 1980 UN World Conference on Women in Copenhagen, to become a visiting professor at FU Berlin. In 1989 she habilitated at the Institute of Sociology of the Free University of Berlin. In 1991, <mask> followed the call for a professorship for "Social and Educational Work with Women" at the Department of Social Work and Social Education of Alice Salomon University of Applied Sciences Berlin, where she remained until her retirement in 2004. Her work focused on women in social work, intercultural social work, medical sociology and social education, socialization and cultural competence in psychosocial care. Since 2004, <mask> <mask> has been involved in writing and organising reading tours in the United States for her partner Ika Hügel-Marshall (author of Invisible Woman. Growing up Black in Germany) and other events.In 2007 she was co-producer of the film "Hope in My Heart - The May Ayim Story". In 2011 <mask> was honored by Peter-André Alt with the "Margherita von Brentano Award", the highest endowed award for gender studies and women's projects in Germany. In 2012, <mask> Lorde archive at the FU Berlin, on the other she produced and directed a documentary about the time in Germany by the author Audre Lorde ("Audre Lorde - The Berlin years from 1984 to 1992"). She wrote the screenplay together with her partner Ika Hügel-Marshall. The film had its premiere at the 2012 Berlin International Film Festival and was shown at numerous other international festivals. The same year, <mask> became dignified the "Magnus-Hirschfeld-Award" for her life's work as one of the first activists of the lesbian and women's movement since the 1970s, an award donated by the gay section of SPD to honor outstanding achievements for the emancipation of

masks: Schultz Dagmar Schultz Schultz Schultzdre Schultz


texts:
 lesbians, gays and transgender people. <mask> <mask> is passionate about photography, and among others her photos of plants and flowers have appeared on book covers at Orlanda Verlag and Fischer Verlag.Books
 <mask> <mask>, Simone Langenheder: Die Entwicklung der Frauengesundheitszentren in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und ihre Bedeutung für die Gesundheitsversorgung von Frauen BMFSFJ 1996
 <mask> <mask>: Ein Mädchen ist fast so gut wie ein Junge: Sexismus in der Erziehung. Band 1: Interviews, Berichte, Analysen. 2. Auflage 1980
 <mask> <mask>: Ein Mädchen ist fast so gut wie ein Junge: Sexismus in der Erziehung. Band 2: Schülerinnen und Pädagogen berichten. 1979
 <mask> <mask>, Carol Hagemann-White: Das Geschlecht läuft immer mit: die Arbeitswelt von Professorinnen und Professoren. Centaurus 1991
 Audre Lorde, Adrienne Rich, <mask> <mask> (Hrsg.): Macht und Sinnlichkeit: ausgewählte Texte 3., erw. Aufl. 1991
 May Opitz, Katharina Oguntoye, <mask> <mask>: Showing Our Colors: Afro-German Women Speak Out. 1992
 Ika Hügel-Marshall, Chris Lange, May Ayim, Ilona Bubeck, Gülşen Aktaş, <mask> <mask>: Entfernte Verbindungen. Rassismus, Antisemitismus, Klassenunterdrückung. 1993
 Edith Hoshino Altbach, Jeanette Clausen, <mask> <mask>, Naomi Stephan: [ German Feminism: Readings in Politic and Literature.] SUNY Press Albany 1984
 <mask> <mask>: Changing political nature of workers’ education: a case study of the Wisconsin School for Workers.Dissertation 1972

Filmographie
 2007, Hope in my heart : A profile of the life and work of May Ayim as co-producer alongside Maria Binder
 2012, Audre Lorde : the Berlin Years, 1984 to 1992 as a producer and director as well as alongside Ika Hügel-Marshall as co-screenwriter

References

1941 births
Living people
German sociologists
Alice Salomon University of Applied Sciences Berlin faculty
Writers from Berlin
German women writers
University of Michigan alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison

masks: Dagmar Schultz Dagmar Schultz Dagmar Schultz Dagmar Schultz Dagmar Schultz Dagmar Schultz Dagmar Schultz Dagmar Schultz Dagmar Schultz Dagmar Schultz


texts:
<mask> (born 26 September 1974) is a Malaysia-born comic artist/illustrator based in Singapore. He is best known for The Art of Charlie Chan Hock Chye (2015), the first graphic novel to win the Singapore Literature Prize for fiction. Early life and education
Born in Seremban, Malaysia, Liew attended school at Victoria School and Victoria Junior College in Singapore. He went on to read philosophy at Clare College in Cambridge University in UK and studied illustration at the Rhode Island School of Design in 2001. Career
His first foray into comic illustration was with Singaporean tabloid paper The New Paper in 1995, contributing a comic strip titled Frankie and Poo. A compilation of the strips was published by Times Publishing in 1996. Shortly after his graduation from Rhode Island Liew got his first break into the American comics industry when Shelly Bond signed him on for Vertigo Comics' My Faith in Frankie together with Mike Carey and Marc Hempel.His work has appeared in the Flight Anthologies edited by Kazu Kibuishi, and he has served as editor of the Eisner-nominated Southeast Asian comics anthology Liquid City  from Image Comics. In 2011, he was nominated for an Eisner award in the pencilling/inking category for his work on SLG and Disney's Wonderland, written by Tommy Kovac.Other titles include  Marvel Comics' Sense and Sensibility adaptation, First Second Books' "The Shadow Hero" with Gene Luen Yang, An origin story for the obscure Golden-Age comic book hero The Green Turtle, who is thought to be the first Asian-American superhero  and DC Comics' "Doctor Fate" with Paul Levitz. He is also the


texts:
 creator of Malinky Robot, a Xeric Award recipient in 2004 and winner of the “Prix de la Meilleure BD” (Comic Album of the Year) at the Utopiales International SF Festival in Nantes in 2009. He was a recipient of  Singapore's Young Artist Award in 2010. The Art of Charlie Chan Hock Chye

The Art of Charlie Chan Hock Chye was first published and released by Epigram Books in 2015. It charts the life and career of a fictional comic book artist, the eponymous Charlie Chan Hock Chye, and by weaving together fact and fiction, and different genres, tells the story of the formative years of Singapore's modern history and the history of comics. Shortly before the book's release in Singapore, the National Arts Council withdrew its grant of $8,000 for the title, citing "sensitive content" and its potential to "undermine the authority and legitimacy" of the government.The comic became the best-selling local fiction title that year. The Art of Charlie Chan Hock Chye was published in the United States by Pantheon Books in 2016 and went on to make bestseller lists at Amazon and The New York Times, which is unprecedented for a Singaporean graphic novel. Besides winning the Singapore Literature Prize, it also won the Book of the Year accolade at the Singapore Book Awards in 2016. It was awarded the Pingprisen for Best International Comic in 2017. At the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con, <mask>w and The Art of Charlie Chan Hock Chye won three Eisner Awards—Best Writer/Artist, Best U.S. Edition of International Material - Asia, and Best Publication Design. It was also nominated for three other Eisner Awards—Best Letterer,


texts:
 Best Colorist, and Best Graphic Album - New.List of selected works

Godshaper #1 (2017, Boom! Studios)
Variant Cover Artist
Shadow Hero Comics #1 (2017, Panda Express)
Artist. With Gene Luen Yang (Writer). Revolutionaries #1 (2017, IDW Publishing)
Variant Cover Artist
GI Joe Vol.8 #1 (2016, IDW Publishing)
Variant Cover Artist
Transformers Lost Light #1 (2016, IDW Publishing)
Variant Cover Artist
Optimus Prime #1 (2016, IDW Publishing)
Variant Cover Artist
M.A.S.K. Mobile Armored Strike Kommand #1 (2016, IDW Publishing)
Variant Cover Artist
Doctor Fate Vol 4 #1-12, #15-16 (2015-2016, DC Comics)
Artist. With Paul Levitz (Writer). The Art of Charlie Chan Hock Chye (2015, Epigram Books; 2016 Pantheon Books)
Creator, writer, artist.Jim Henson's Storyteller: Witches (2015, Archaia Entertainment)
Cover Artist
Americatown #1 (2015, Boom! Studios)
Variant Cover Artist
Hacktivist #1 (2015, Boom! Studios)
Variant Cover Artist
Abigail and the Snowman #1 (2014, Boom! Studios)
Variant Cover Artist
Warm Nights Deathless Days: The Life of Georgette Chen (2014, National Gallery Singapore)
Creator, writer, artist
The Shadow Hero (2014, First Second Books)
Artist. With Gene Luen Yang (Writer). Malinky Robot: Collected Stories & Other Bits (2011, Image Comics)
Artist, Writer
Vertigo Resurrected: My Faith in Frankie (2011, DC Vertigo)
Artist, Co-Creator. With Mike Carey (Writer), Marc Hempel (Inker).Sense and Sensibility (2010, Marvel Comics)
Artist. With Nancy Butler (Writer). Au Pays des Merveilles (2010, Bao)
Artist, Co-Creator. With Tommy Kovac (Writer). Le Tour du monde en bande dessinée vol 2 (2009,


texts:
 Delcourt)
Artist, Writer
Pride and Prejudice (2009, Marvel Comics)
Cover Artist
Marvel Adventures Spider-Man #50 (2009, Marvel Comics)
Artist. With Roger Landridge (Writer). Wonderland (2009, Disney Press)
Artist, Co-Creator
 Malinky Robot (French Edition) (2009, Bao)
Artist, Writer
 Liquid City (Vol.1, 2, 3) (2008-2014, Image Comics)
Editor, Artist, Writer
Wonderland (2006-7, Slave Labor Graphics/Disney Press)
Artist, Co-Creator . With Tommy Kovac (Writer). Re-Gifters (2007, DC Minx)
Artist, Co-Creator. With Mike Carey (Writer), Marc Hempel (Inker). Flight (Vol. 2, 5, 8) (2005–11, Image Comics/Villard)
Artist, Writer
Malinky Robot: Bicycle (2005, Slave Labor Graphics)
Artist, Writer
My Faith in Frankie (2004, DC Vertigo)
Artist, Co-Creator. With Mike Carey (Writer), Marc Hempel (Inker).Malinky Robot: Stinky Fish Blues (2002, Self-Published under Red Robot Productions)
Artist, Writer
Marvel Universe Millennial Visions (2002, Marvel Comics)
Pin-up Artist
Frankie & Poo: What is love (Incomplete and abridged) (1996, Times Books International)
Artist, Writer

References

External links

Official site
Blog site
Flight official site
Slave Labor Graphics official site
Liquid City official site
<mask>'s interview on Kochipan(in French)

Comic strip cartoonists
Malaysian comics artists
Singaporean comics artists
1974 births
Living people
Eisner Award winners
Eisner Award winners for Best Writer/Artist
Eisner Award winners for Best Publication Design
Victoria School, Singapore alumni
Malaysian people of Chinese descent
Victoria Junior College alumni
Alumni of Clare College, Cambridge
Malaysian


texts:
<mask> (died 393), courtesy name Cilun, was a military general of the Jin dynasty (266–420). He was most famous for his involvement in the crucial Battle of Fei River in 383, in which he set up a ruse that caused the disastrous retreat of the Former Qin army. Prior to Fei River, <mask> put down the rebellion of <mask>n and defended Xiangyang from Qin for more than a year before he was captured and served a brief stint under Qin. After Fei River, <mask> returned to Jin and continued to serve the state. He guarded the northern borders and fought against the states of Zhai Wei and Western Yan before retiring in 392. Background
<mask> came from a family line of generals in Yiyang Commandary (義陽郡, around present-day Zaoyang, Hubei). His father, <mask> (朱燾) once served as Colonel of the Western Rong and Governor of Yizhou.<mask> would continue the family trend, and by 365, he was already serving as General of Hawkish Display and Chancellor of Jiangxia. Prior to the Battle of Fei River

Sima <mask>n's Rebellion
That same year, the Inspector of Liangzhou, Sima <mask>n, rebelled in his province and placed the Inspector of Yizhou, Zhou Chu (周楚), under siege at Chengdu. The Grand Marshal of Jin, Huan Wen appointed <mask> to be Commander-Protector of the Expeditionary Force tasked in saving Chengdu. The following year, <mask> attacked Sima <mask>n at Chengdu together with Zhou Chu. Sima <mask>n's soldiers scattered during the fight. <mask> soon captured Sima <mask>n and his

masks:
Zhu Xu
Zhu
Sima Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu Tao
Zhu Xu
Xu
Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu
Xu
Xu
Zhu Xu
Xu


texts:
 subordinates before sending them to Huan Wen, who had them all executed. <mask> was awarded the office of General Who Attacks Barbarians and the title of Viscount of Xiangping (襄平子).Huan Wen's 3rd Northern Expedition
In 369, <mask> participated in Huan Wen's third northern expedition against Former Yan. During the expedition, <mask> and Deng Xia defeated Yan's general, Fu Yan at Linzhu (林渚, around present-day Xinzheng, Henan). The campaign ended in failure for Huan Wen as he was decisively routed by Murong Chui at the Battle of Fangtou. Qian Hong's Revolt
In 374, <mask> was appointed Inspector of Yanzhou. Around the same time, a native of Changcheng County (長城; present-day Changxing County, Zhejiang), Qian Hong (錢弘), gathered more than a hundred people under his wing and revolted, hiding out in Mount Yuanxiang (原鄉山). The court issued <mask> to campaign against the rebels after appointing him Marshal of the Centre Army and Administrator of Wuxing. <mask> sent his army out and pacified the rebellion after reprimanding Qian Hong and the others.Following this, <mask> returned to his position as Inspector of Yanzhou. Siege of Xiangyang
In 376, <mask> was called up by Huan Chong to defend Liangzhou from invading Former Qin forces. However, the province swiftly fell before they could arrive, so <mask> and the others stopped advancing and returned. The following year, Huan Huo appointed him Inspector of Liangzhou and stationed him at Xiangyang. In 378, Fu Jian ordered Fu

masks:
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu


texts: Pi to lead a large-scale siege on Xiangyang. When Qin forces arrived at the Han River, <mask> initially did not think much of them as they did not have any boats with them. He was only alerted after Qin's general, Shi Yue, swam across the Han River with his cavalries and caught him by surprise.Shi Yue captured the boats on <mask>'s side for Fu Jian and the others to use. As Qin forces approached, <mask>'s mother, Lady Han (韓氏), personally inspected the Xiangyang's defence and noticed that the northwest corner was weak. She led hundreds of women in the city to construct a new wall behind the old one. When Qin forces arrived, the old wall fell, but the defenders mounted behind the new one that the women built. The wall was dubbed "The Wives' Wall (夫人城)" and can still be seen today in Xiangyang. The following year, <mask> was expected to receive reinforcements from Liu Bo (劉波). However, Liu Bo feared the Qin army's strength and refused to approach them.Meanwhile, <mask> sent his men out to fight skirmishes with the Qin soldiers, but Qin only reacted by pulling back and refusing to give fight. This gave <mask> the false impression that Qin was planning a retreat, so he did not prepare proper defence for what was to come. Without <mask>'s knowledge, the Protector of Xiangyang, Li Bohu (李伯護), made contact with Qin, promising them to provide them an entry to the city. Fu Pi attacked Xiangyang again in February or March 379, this time capturing the city and <mask>. Escape

masks:
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu
Zhu
Zhu Xu
Zhu
Zhu Xu


texts:
 attempt from Qin
After being sent to the capital, Fu Jian was impressed by <mask>'s loyalty and appointed him Logistical Director of the Masters of Writing. Meanwhile, Li Bohu was executed for his betrayal against Jin. Despite Fu Jian's flattery, <mask> was determined to return to Jin.He fled to his hometown in Yiyang, where he hid in the home of his friend Xia Kui (夏揆). However, Fu Jian became suspicious of Xia Kui and arrested him, so <mask> decided to give himself up to Fu Hui (苻晖). This only made Fu Jian further admire <mask> for his integrity, and <mask> was appointed as a Master of Writing. Battle of Fei River
In 383, <mask> accompanied Fu Jian in his campaign to conquer Jin once and for all. Fu Jian led a massive army to face the Jin forces at Fei River, which were commanded by Xie <mask>an. With an overwhelming number on his side, Fu Jian sent <mask> to intimidate Jin into surrendering. However, <mask> instead leaked information about the Qin army to Jin general, Xie Shi, saying, "If all the millions of Qin soldiers were to assemble, it would be difficult for us to defeat them.As of now, their troops have yet to gather, so it is best that we attack quickly. Once their vanguard is defeated, their morale will surely plummet. Only then can we rout them." <mask> later returned to Fu Jian, who had not known what <mask> had done. As the battle was about to begin, Xie <mask>an told Fu Jian to move his army slightly back away from the river to allow the Jin troops

masks:
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu
Zhu Xu
Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu
Xu


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 to cross. Fu Jian agreed, so his brother Fu Rong commanded the Qin army to move back. As soon as they moved, <mask>, who was serving in the rear, shouted, "The Qin army has been defeated!"Many of the Qin soldiers were conscripts who were not willing to fight, so upon hearing <mask>'s order, they began to panic and flee from the battlefield disorderly. Xie <mask>an quickly crossed the river and attacked the Qin forces, decisively routing them. Fu Rong was killed in battle while Fu Jian barely escaped, but his northern empire would soon crumble because of this defeat. As for <mask>, he managed to escape back to Jin together with another Jin general Zhou Xiao and the abdicated ruler of Former Liang, Zhang Tianxi. Post-Fei River

Battles with Zhai Liao
After his return to Jin, <mask> continued his service with the state, being first appointed as Prancing Dragon General and Interior Minister of Langye. He was later stationed at Luoyang after being promoted to Inspector of Yuzhou and Chief Controller of Yangzhou and five counties in Yuzhou. In 386, a Dingling chieftain, Zhai Liao, rebelled against Jin in Liyang (黎陽; northeast of present-day Xun County, Henan) after killing its administrator, Teng Tianzhi (滕恬之).<mask> ordered Qin Ying (秦膺) and Tong Bin (童斌) to lead troops against Zhai Liao. Later that year, Liao attacked Qiao (譙; present-day Bozhou, Anhui) but was repelled by <mask>. In 387, <mask> was entrusted with the positions of Inspector of Qingzhou and Yanzhou. He

masks:
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu
Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu


texts:
 was then stationed in Pengcheng to replace Xie <mask>an, although he later moved his base to Huaiyin, as it was closer to the capital and further from the borders of the powerful Later Yan. That same year, Zhai Liao's son, Zhai Zhao, attacked Chenliu and Yingchuan. <mask> sent Qin Ying to defend the commanderies, and Zhai Zhao was driven back. For his merits, <mask> was appointed General Who Campaigns Against the Caitiff.<mask> later requested the court to transport 100,000 hu (斛) of rice and 5,000 pieces of cloth for military use from Jiangzhou. In 388, <mask> was made Chief Controller of Sizhou, Yongzhou, Liangzhou, and Qinzhou and Inspector of Yongzhou. He was also given the generals Yang Quanqi and Zhao Mu (趙睦) to serve as his subordinates. <mask> sent another request to the court, this time asking for supplies from 1,000 hectares of land from the office of the former Inspector of Jingzhou, Huan Shisheng (桓石生) as well as 80,000 hu of rice. Afterwards, he went to guard Luoyang. Defence of Luoyang
In 390, the Western Yan Emperor, Murong Yong, led his troops to invade Luoyang, so <mask> crossed the Yellow River and faced Yong's general, Wang Ci (王次). Wang Ci was defeated at the Qin River and retreated.<mask> then sent Zhao Mu and Huan Bucai (桓不才) to pursue the fleeing Yan army, allowing them to defeat Yong at Taihang. Murong Yong retreated to Shangdang, and not long after, <mask> received the submission from the minor warlord named Yang Kai. <mask> continued to

masks:
Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu


texts:
 pursue Murong Yong as far as the White River (白水) in Shangdang, where they fought for 20 days. Meanwhile, Zhai Liao, now Heavenly King of Zhai Wei, took advantage of <mask>'s absence and tried to attack Luoyang. Hearing this, <mask> quickly withdrew. <mask> attacked Zhai Zhao at Shimen (石門; north of present-day Fuyang, Anhui) while his Army Advisor, Zhao Fan, routed Zhai Liao at Huai County (懷縣; present-day Wuzhi County. Henan).After Zhai Liao retreated, <mask> stayed in Luoyang for a while and left his general <mask> (朱黨) to defend Shimen. Soon, <mask> placed his son, <mask> (朱略) in charge of Luoyang while he himself withdrew to Xiangyang. Because of this, Sima Daozi commented that <mask>'s victories and defeats were equal, without further praise nor criticism. Assisting Zhou Qiong
Later, the Former Qin general, Dou Chong, feigned surrender to Jin. After Jin accepted him, Dou immediately defected back to Qin and invaded Hanzhong. The Jin administrators, Huangfu Zhao (皇甫釗) and <mask>n (周勳), surrendered three counties of Baxi (巴西; around present-day Langzhong, Sichuan) to Dou. Jin's Inspector of Liangzhou, Zhou Qiong (周瓊), had little troops to resist them, so he asked <mask> to send reinforcements.<mask> issued Huangfu Zhen (皇甫貞; not to be confused with Former Yan's Huangfu Zhen) to assist Zhou Qiong, and the two men drove Dou Chong out from Hanzhong while killing Huangfu Zhao and <mask>n. Retirement and death
Near the end of his life, <mask> requested the court

masks:
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu Dang
Zhu Xu
Zhu Lüe
Zhu Xu
Zhou Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu
Zhou Xu
Zhu Xu


texts:
 for permission to resign multiple times, citing his old age and illness. However, the court refused to grant him. Near the end of 392, <mask> once more requested for his resignation, but was again denied. As a result, <mask> left his post without authorization. Just ten days later, he surrendered himself to the Minister of Justice and asked to be punished. The court showed him leniency and pardoned his actions.He was then allowed to resign, with his final positions handed over to Chi Hui (郗恢). <mask> died in 393 and was posthumously appointed General of the Left and Cavalier in Regular Attendance. References

 Fang, <mask>ling (ed.) (648). Book of Jin (Jin Shu). Sima, Guang (1084). Zizhi Tongjian.Jin dynasty (266–420) generals
392

masks:
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu
Zhu Xu
Xuan


texts:
<mask> (born 6 August 1953) is an Austrian businessman. He was occupied in trade with East Germany before the German reunification. According to investigations by the German parliament, Schlaff was an unofficial employee of the Stasi. His Stasi codename was "Landgraf" and registration number "3886-86". His net worth is estimated over €8 billion. Career with East Germany
<mask> was born in Vienna, Austria, to Jewish refugees from World War II. He and his brother James took over the commercial firm Robert Placzek AG.The Stasi archives have files about him as early as 1982. Schlaff had several meetings with East German officials in 1982. Stasi documents describe how Senior Stasi officers were impressed with Schlaff's "extensive holdings, his various companies, and his access to the needed America technology". According to the German parliament's investigations, Schlaff supplied East Germany with goods that were embargoed by the West. Disappeared public funds after the Fall of the Berlin Wall
When the parliament of Germany investigated public funds that disappeared after the Fall of the Berlin Wall, it found out that East Germany (GDR) had transferred large amounts of money to Schlaff through accounts in Vaduz, the capital of Liechtenstein, in return for goods "under Western embargo". Moreover, high-ranking Stasi officers continued their post-GDR careers in management positions in Schlaff's group of companies. For example, in 1990 Herbert Kohler, Stasi commander in Dresden, transferred 170 million marks to Schlaff for "harddisks" and months later went to work for him.The investigations concluded that "Schlaff's empire of companies played a crucial role" in the Stasi attempts to secure the financial future of Stasi agents and keep the intelligence network alive. The Stern magazine noted that KGB officer Vladimir Putin (now President of Russia) worked with his Stasi colleagues in Dresden simultaneously. Recent activities

In recent years he has purchased mobile phone companies in Eastern Europe and resold them for big profits. In 2010 he established a bank in Liechtenstein called Sigma Bank. In March 2008, The Sunday Times reported that Schlaff's 2007 divorce from his wife

masks:
Martin Schlaff
Schlaff


texts:
 Andrea involved a €200 million settlement, the largest ever reported up to that time. Links to Gazprom and Russia

Schlaff has links to Gazprom companies. His confidant Michael Hason holds positions in the Centrex Group, a network of companies controlled by Gazprom.Hason was also president of the Liechtenstein-registered CAP Holding, which holds shares in the Jericho casino for Schlaff and his partners. According to Haaretz, "Hason in fact holds positions in all the companies to which Schlaff is connected: the Robert Placzek lumber trade company, various cell-phone firms, the private family foundation MS Privatstiftung, the Latvian oil company, of which Schlaff is a partner, and more. And several months ago, Schlaff appointed him deputy chairman of Sygma Bank, which he established in Liechtenstein." Schlaff also owns a company in Cyprus which is registered at the same address as Centrex Holding and shares some directors with Gazprom companies. Schlaff, Centrex, and Robert Nowikovsky share the same press officer in Vienna. Nowikovsky is involved with Centrex Group and a director of Central Energy Italian Gas Holding, a company which was found to secretly benefit Bruno Mentasti-Granelli, a friend of Silvio Berlusconi, in an Italian-Russian gas deal. British Gas project
A co-owner of East Mediterranean Gas Company claimed that the off-shore Gaza gas fields project, owned mostly by British Gas, had shares held confidentially in trust for various people including Schlaff and Palestinian businessman Muhammad Rashid.Activities in Israel
In 1998 Schlaff opened a casino in Jericho in partnership with a company partly owned by Yasir Arafat. Named "The Oasis", it was aimed at Israelis, who could not gamble in Israel where gaming is not legal. The casino was closed during the Second Intifada. According to later investigations, Schlaff had many meetings with Ariel Sharon. In 2002 Schlaff used his contacts with Sharon to help normalize the Austrian Federal Government's relations with Israel. The Israeli Government had recalled its ambassador from Vienna, after government participation of the FPÖ in 2000. A new Israeli ambassador was sent to Austria in 2004.In December 2005 Israeli


texts:
 police raided Schlaff's apartment and announced that they had found evidence of a 3 million dollar bribe. Within 24 hours Sharon suffered a stroke and went to coma, never recovering. Schlaff's partner Robert Nowikovsky has also been investigated. An investigative exposé in Ha'aretz "targeting Avigdor Lieberman, unearthed connections between the financier of the corruption-laden Oasis Casino in Jericho and Prime Minister Ehud Olmert and his predecessor Ariel Sharon." Police alleged that Sharon had received a $3 million bribe, and Lieberman is still under investigation for allegedly receiving a bribe from Schlaff. According to Ha'aretz, "The $3 million that parachuted into Gilad and Omri Sharon's bank account toward the end of 2002 was transferred there in the context of a consultancy contract for development of kolkhozes (collective farms) in Russia. Gilad Sharon was brought into the campaign to make the wilderness bloom in Russia by Getex, a large Russian-based exporter of seeds (peas, millet, wheat ) from Eastern Europe.Getex also has ties with Israeli firms involved in exporting wheat from Ukraine, for example. The company owns farms in Eastern Europe and is considered large and prominent in its field. It has its Vienna offices in the same building as Jurimex, which was behind the $1-million guarantee to the Yisrael Beiteinu party." Schlaff activities seem to be related to Getex. In June 2010 Schlaff's NYC business partner, Solomon Obstfeld, who ran LH Financial, was found dead in an apparent suicide or murder. In September 2010 journalist Gidi Weitz published an investigative story in Ha'aretz on Schlaff's allegedly corrupt and illegal activities, both financial and political, in several countries including Austria and Israel. In April 2011, the Israeli foreign minister, Avigdor Lieberman, was put under investigation after being accused of receiving bribes from <mask>f among other businessmen.See also
 Sokratis Kokkalis - Another billionaire who worked for the Stasi according to the Stasi archive

References

1953 births
Living people
Austrian billionaires
Austrian chief executives
Austrian expatriates in Israel
Austrian Jews
Businesspeople from Vienna
People of the


texts: Empress <mask> ( 7 February 110210 September 1167), also known as the Empress Maude, was one of the claimants to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy. The daughter of King Henry I of England, she moved to Germany as a child when she married the future Holy Roman Emperor Henry V. She travelled with her husband to Italy in 1116, was controversially crowned in St Peter's Basilica, and acted as the imperial regent in Italy. <mask> and Henry V had no children, and when he died in 1125, the imperial crown was claimed by his rival Lothair of Supplinburg. <mask>'s younger brother, William Adelin, died in the White Ship disaster of 1120, leaving <mask>'s father and realm facing a potential succession crisis. On Emperor Henry V's death, <mask> was recalled to Normandy by her father, who arranged for her to marry Geoffrey of Anjou to form an alliance to protect his southern borders. Henry I had no further legitimate children and nominated <mask> as his heir, making his court swear an oath of loyalty to her and her successors, but the decision was not popular in the Anglo-Norman court. Henry died in 1135, but <mask> and Geoffrey faced opposition from Anglo-Norman barons.The throne was instead taken by <mask>'s cousin Stephen of Blois, who enjoyed the backing of the English Church. Stephen took steps to solidify his new regime but faced threats both from neighbouring powers and from opponents within his kingdom. In 1139, <mask> crossed to England to take the kingdom by force, supported by her half-brother Robert of Gloucester and her uncle King David I of Scotland, while her husband, Geoffrey, focused on conquering Normandy.

masks: Matilda Matilda Matilda Matilda Matilda Matilda Matilda Matilda Matilda


texts:
 <mask>'s forces captured Stephen at the Battle of Lincoln in 1141, but the Empress's attempt to be crowned at Westminster collapsed in the face of bitter opposition from the London crowds. As a result of this retreat, <mask> was never formally declared Queen of England, and was instead titled "Lady of the English" (). Robert was captured following the Rout of Winchester in 1141, and <mask> agreed to exchange him for Stephen. <mask> became trapped in Oxford Castle by Stephen's forces that winter, and to avoid capture was forced to escape at night across the frozen River Isis to Abingdon, reputedly wearing white as camouflage in the snow.The war degenerated into a stalemate, with <mask> controlling much of the south-west of England, and Stephen the south-east and the Midlands. Large parts of the rest of the country were in the hands of local, independent barons. <mask> returned to Normandy, now in the hands of her husband, in 1148, leaving her eldest son to continue the campaign in England; he eventually succeeded to the throne as Henry II in 1154, forming the Angevin Empire. She settled her court near Rouen and for the rest of her life concerned herself with the administration of Normandy, acting on her son's behalf when necessary. Particularly in the early years of her son's reign, she provided political advice and attempted to mediate during the Becket controversy. She worked extensively with the Church, founding Cistercian monasteries, and was known for her piety. She was buried under the high altar at Bec Abbey after her death in 1167.Childhood
<mask> was born to Henry I, King of England and Duke of Normandy, and his first wife,

masks: Matilda Matilda Matilda Matilda Matilda Matilda Matilda


texts: <mask> of Scotland, possibly around 7 February 1102 at Sutton Courtenay, in Berkshire. Henry was the youngest son of William the Conqueror, who had invaded England in 1066, creating an empire stretching into Wales. The invasion had created an Anglo-Norman elite, many with estates spread across both sides of the English Channel. These barons typically had close links to the kingdom of France, which was then a loose collection of counties and smaller polities, under only the minimal control of the king. Her mother <mask> was the daughter of King Malcolm III of Scotland, a member of the West Saxon royal family, and a descendant of Alfred the Great. For Henry, marrying <mask> of Scotland had given his reign increased legitimacy, and for her it had been an opportunity for high status and power in England. <mask> had a younger, legitimate brother, William Adelin, and her father's relationships with numerous mistresses resulted in around 22 illegitimate siblings.Little is known about <mask>'s earliest life, but she probably stayed with her mother, was taught to read, and was educated in religious morals. Among the nobles at her mother's court were her uncle David, later the king of Scotland, and aspiring nobles such as her half-brother Robert of Gloucester, her cousin Stephen of Blois and Brian Fitz Count. In 1108 Henry left <mask> and her brother in the care of Anselm, the archbishop of Canterbury, while he travelled to Normandy; Anselm was a favoured cleric of <mask>'s mother. There is no detailed description of <mask>'s appearance; contemporaries described <mask> as being very beautiful, but this may have simply reflected the conventional