texts:
is a Japanese female karateka and mixed martial arts (MMA) fighter. <mask> has competed for MMA promotions Ax, Smackgirl, Deep and Jewels. Background
Kaneko was born on  in Suwa, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. Martial arts training
In 1999, Kaneko won the All-Japan Amateur Shooto Championships in the women's flyweight and also the bantamweight divisions of East Japan. In 2000, she conquered the Central Japan Amateur Shooto Championships in the featherweight division. In 1999 Kaneko was the runner-up in the Real Fighting Karate-do Championships, repeating this feat in 2000. From 2001 to 2003 she won the Real Fighting Karate-do Championships and was the runner up in 2004.In 2009 and 2010 Kaneko was the runner up of the All-Japan Real Fighting Karate Championships -52 kg, being defeated in the final both times by Saori Ishioka. Mixed martial arts career
<mask> made her MMA debut on  at Club Fight Round 1 where she was defeated by Japanese women's MMA pioneer Yoko Takahashi via submission (achilles lock). At Smackgirl: Episode 0 on , Kaneko defeated Miwako Ishihara in 36 seconds with an armbar submission. Kaneko got her second submission loss against Ikuma Hoshino, who defeated Kaneko with a guillotine choke on  at Smackgirl: Indeed. At Smackgirl: Burning Night on  Kaneko defeated Mika Harigai with an armbar

masks: Kaneko Kaneko


type: original

texts: submission in the first round. On , Kaneko was knocked out with knees in the first round by at the time debutant Izumi Noguchi at Ax Vol. 2: we want to shine.Kaneko rebounded with an armbar submission victory over Naoko Torashima at Smackgirl: God Bless You on . Kaneko was defeated again by a MMA debutant when she faced Tomomi Sunaba, who won by split decision on  at Smackgirl: Golden Gate 2002. On  at Smackgirl: Summer Gate 2002 Kaneko defeated kickboxer Hisae Watanabe by armbar submission in the second round. Kaneko got another win on  at Smackgirl: Japan Cup 2002 Opening Round, where she defeated Aya Koyama by unanimous decision during the first round of the middleweight tournament. At Smackgirl: Japan Cup 2002 Episode 2 on  during the semi-finals of the middleweight tournament, Kaneko was able to avenge her previous defeat at the hands of Tomomi Sunaba, defeating Sunaba this time by unanimous decision and advancing to the final. On  at Smackgirl: Japan Cup 2002 Grand Final, Kaneko faced MMA star Yuka Tsuji, who defeated Kaneko by unanimous decision in the final of the middleweight tournament. At the event Arkadia held in Hakuba, Nagano, Kaneko defeated Keiko Matsukawa via armbar submission in the first round on .In a rematch of their 2001, <mask> and Izumi Noguchi fought at the event Smackgirl: Third


texts:
 Season V on , with Noguchi winning the bout by unanimous decision. On , <mask> participated in the event  where she defeated Asami Kodera via submission (rear naked choke) in the first round of the tournament, actress, pro-wrestler and race queen Mizuho Ishikawa via submission (armbar) in the semi-finals before finally losing the final against Hisae Watanabe, whom Kaneko had defeated in 2002, via unanimous decision. At Deep 18th Impact on , Kaneko tied with Satoko Shinashi, the second women at the time to get a draw against the then unbeaten Shinashi. <mask> and Satoko Shinashi had an immediate rematch at Deep 19th Impact on  in which Shinashi defeated Kaneko by unanimous decision. This was also Kaneko retirement match from MMA. After returning to karate competitions, Kaneko also returned to MMA on  at Jewels 6th ring, defeating Abe Ani Combat Club member Rina Tomita by unanimous decision after dominating the fight despite her four-year absence. MMA tag matches
Kaneko participated in three MMA tag matches in a one-day tournament at Smackgirl: Strongest Tag Tournament 2002 on  in which she was partnered with Miwako Ishihara and both defeated Yoko Takahashi and Hisae Watanebe in the first round, Aya Koyama and Hikaru Shinohara in the semi-finals, and Naoko Torashima and Kazue Terui in the final to win the


texts: <mask> (born 5 October 1952), known professionally as <mask>, is a German musician, composer and record producer. <mask> is best known for composing the "Axel F" theme for the feature film Beverly Hills Cop, an influential synth-pop hit in the 1980s. He also composed the "Top Gun Anthem" for the feature film Top Gun and the music for the Chevy Chase Fletch feature films, Fletch and Fletch Lives. The Beverly Hills Cop and Top Gun projects earned him two Grammy Awards: the first in 1986 for Best Album of original score written for a motion picture or television special, as a co-writer of the Beverly Hills Cop soundtrack; and the second in 1987 for Best Pop Instrumental Performance with guitarist Steve Stevens for "Top Gun Anthem" from the Top Gun soundtrack. As a session musician, arranger and producer, <mask> has worked with numerous international pop stars including Donna Summer, Amanda Lear, Patti LaBelle, Barbra Streisand, Glenn Frey, Blondie, Laura Branigan, La Toya Jackson, Billy Idol, Jennifer Rush, Alexis, Cheap Trick, Sparks, Bob Seger, Chris Thompson, Bonnie Tyler, John Parr, Al Corley and Pet Shop Boys. <mask> was born in Munich, Germany, the son of Anneliese (née Schmidt), a homemaker, and Hugo Faltermeier, a construction businessman. Encouraged by his parents (the owners of a civil engineering firm), he started playing piano at the age of six.At 11, a Nuremberg music professor discovered that <mask> had absolute pitch. His boyhood years combined training in classical music with a developing interest in rock 'n roll. He played organ in a rock combo and studied trumpet and piano at the Munich music academy. While waiting to begin university studies he found work at a recording studio. Within three years he was engineering major classical sessions for the

masks:
Hans Hugo Harold Faltermeier
Harold Faltermeyer
Faltermeyer
Faltermeyer
Background Faltermeyer
Faltermeyer


texts:
 prestigious Deutsche Grammophon label. Then in 1978, Giorgio Moroder recognized his talent and brought him to Los Angeles to play keyboards and arrange the soundtrack for the film Midnight Express. Moroder and <mask> continued their collaboration in the next decade, producing Donna Summer albums and several hits for various artists.Soon <mask> was earning an international reputation for both precise workmanship and trendsetting creativity in his use of synthesizer technology. Soundtrack work
Alongside a busy schedule as a record producer, he became increasingly involved in soundtrack work on Moroder's scores (Midnight Express, American Gigolo and Foxes) and was soon hired as composer in his own right—usually composing, performing and producing the complete score as well as a number of pop songs penned for various artists. Early on he created work for 1984's Thief of Hearts, with electronic scoring and songs for Melissa Manchester, Annabella Lwin, Elizabeth Daily and others. Then came his big break with the landmark hip hop / breakdance-influenced score for Beverly Hills Cop, featuring the worldwide hit, the "Axel F" theme (referred to by <mask> himself as the "banana theme", as it was originally written for a specific scene where Detroit policeman Axel Foley gives a pair of Beverly Hills police officers the slip by shoving bananas up their exhaust pipe, causing their car to stall when they try and tail him). The year after, the Fletch theme expanded on his trademark electronic soundscapes with experimental phase modulated percussion effects woven into the largely analog synth melodies. He also composed the theme song, "Bit by Bit", sung by Stephanie Mills. The full scores of these films were not released on album.Only a handful of additional score tracks complemented

masks: Faltermeyer Faltermeyer Faltermeyer


texts:
 these hits on vinyl: "The Discovery" and "Shoot-out" from Beverly Hills Cop and "Memories" from Top Gun, and only ever as B-sides on singles. However, The Running Man and Kuffs were graced with full score albums and the Thief of Hearts and Fletch scores also received reasonably good coverage on their respective soundtrack albums. In January 2007, La La Land Records finally released a limited edition soundtrack (3000 CD copies) for Tango & Cash. In December 2016, the same label issued albums of his work on the Beverly Hills Cop series. In 1987, <mask> recorded an album called Harold F with vocal tracks featuring various guest singers plus "Axel F" which appears as a bonus track. The song "Bad Guys" is based on the (otherwise unavailable) main theme for Beverly Hills Cop II. In 1989, <mask> composed soundtrack music on the Fletch sequel Fletch Lives.In 1990, he co-produced the album Behaviour with Pet Shop Boys at his studio near Munich. The album was released later the same year. Later career
In Vienna, <mask> and Rainhard Fendrich collaborated on the 2002 musical Wake Up. <mask> also provided the soundtrack for the 2007 computer game Two Worlds. He returned to film scoring for Kevin Smith's 2010 action comedy Cop Out starring Bruce Willis. In June 2017, it was reported that <mask> will have music featured in the upcoming Top Gun sequel. Tango & Cash soundtrack, liner notes by Randall D. Larson, La-La Land Records LLLCD 1052 (2006 CD).External links

1952 births
German electronic musicians
German film score composers
German keyboardists
German male composers
German record producers
German session musicians
Grammy Award winners
Living people
Male film score composers
Musicians from Munich
Remixers
Video game composers
Varèse Sarabande Records artists
La-La Land

masks: Faltermeyer Faltermeyer Faltermeyer Faltermeyer Faltermeyer


texts:
<mask> (born July 17, 1983) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. A native of Kentucky, <mask> attended Central Hardin High School and Volunteer State Community College. He was selected late in the 2003 MLB draft by the San Diego Padres and began his minor league career in 2004. He played in the low minor leagues for several seasons until he sustained a severe elbow injury in 2009. In 2010, <mask> worked as a substitute teacher and then became an assistant high school baseball coach. <mask> helped to implement an arm conditioning program for pitchers at the high school and found that his own pitching velocity improved significantly. After a tryout with the Seattle Mariners in early 2011, <mask> was assigned to the team's Class-A affiliate.He progressed to Advanced-A, Double-A, and Triple-A, then to the major leagues. His MLB debut came late in 2011 at the age of 28. He was traded to the Toronto Blue Jays in 2012, and played with them through the 2015 season. Early career
<mask> went to Central Hardin High School in Cecilia, Kentucky. where he was drafted by the Anaheim Angels in the 43rd round of the 2002 MLB draft, but elected to go to college. He attended Volunteer State Community College. After one year there, he was drafted in the 29th round, 851st overall, in the 2003 Major League Baseball draft by the San Diego Padres.Professional career

Minor league career
<mask> did not play professionally in 2003. He started the 2004 season with the Arizona League Padres, going 3–4 with a 4.37 ERA before earning a promotion to the Single-A Short-Season Eugene Emeralds. He played all of 2005 with Eugene, going 4–6 in 16 starts with a 4.76 ERA. He played 2006 with the Single-A Fort Wayne TinCaps, then the Wizards, earning an 8–9

masks:
Steven Edward Delabar
Delabar
Delabar
Delabar
Delabar
Steve Delabar
Delabar


texts:
 record with a 3.41 ERA in 27 starts with 118 strikeouts. He started 2007 with Single-A Advanced Lake Elsinore Storm, but was demoted back to Fort Wayne after registering a 5.59 ERA out of the bullpen. He started 2008 with Fort Wayne, but was cut after a 5.27 ERA as a relief pitcher. On June 7, he signed a deal with the independent Florence Freedom of the Frontier League, where he played four games before signing with the independent Brockton Rox of the Canadian-American Association, going 3–3 in 11 starts with a 3.01 ERA.He played all of 2009 with Brockton, where he had a 3.36 ERA in 12 appearances. His 2009 season ended when he suffered a fractured right elbow. The injury was so serious that a steel plate and nine screws were embedded to stabilize the elbow during the surgery. He did not play professionally in 2010, working as a substitute teacher in his hometown of Elizabethtown, Kentucky at John Hardin High School. He also played slow pitch softball, where he won the 2010 Louisville Invitational Tournament Miken Homerun Derby. He began working as an assistant baseball coach at the high school. While introducing an arm conditioning program to his high school players, <mask>'s own fastball returned to the 92-97 mph range.<mask> signed a minor league deal with the Mariners for 2011. He was assigned to Single-A Advanced High Desert Mavericks before being promoted to the Double-A Jackson Generals and the Triple-A Tacoma Rainiers. Major league career

Seattle Mariners (2011–2012)
<mask> was called up by the Seattle Mariners from the minor leagues on September 6, . He made his MLB debut on September 11 against the Kansas City Royals. <mask> recorded his first major league win on September 14, 2011 against the New York Yankees. Toronto Blue

masks: Delabar Delabar Delabar Delabar


texts:
 Jays (2012–2015)
<mask> was traded to the Toronto Blue Jays on July 30, 2012, for outfielder Eric Thames. On August 13, he struck out 4 men in the 10th inning, and recorded the win in a 3-2 victory over the Chicago White Sox.In doing so, <mask> became the first pitcher in major league history to record four strikeouts in an extra inning. <mask> was named a Final Vote candidate for the 2013 Major League Baseball All-Star Game. He posted a 5–1 record with a 1.58 ERA and an American League reliever-leading 57 strikeouts in 40 innings over 35 games played prior to the All-Star Game roster announcement. <mask> earned his first career save on July 10, 2013, in a game against the Cleveland Indians. On July 11, it was announced that he had been elected to the All-Star game in the Final Vote contest, receiving 9.6 million votes. <mask> pitched  of an inning and struck out Buster Posey on five pitches in the 2013 MLB All-Star Game. On July 30, 2013, while facing the Oakland Athletics, <mask> struck out all three batters in the eighth inning on nine total pitches to become the 48th major-league pitcher to accomplish an immaculate inning.<mask> also became only the fourth pitcher in major-league history to both strike out four batters in one inning and throw an immaculate inning, joining Bob Gibson, A. J. Burnett, and Félix Hernández. On August 4, <mask> was placed on the 15-day disabled list with right shoulder inflammation. In total for 2013, he posted a 5–5 record, 3.22 ERA, and 82 strikeouts in 58 innings. After opening the 2014 season with a 4.68 ERA and 16 walks through 25 innings of work, <mask> was optioned to the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons on June 17, 2014, to make room for Munenori Kawasaki. He was called back on June 19 after Brett Cecil

masks: Delabar Delabar Delabar Delabar Delabar Delabar Delabar Delabar Delabar


texts:
 was placed on the disabled list, without appearing for the Bisons. He was then optioned back to the Bisons on June 20. When the major league rosters expanded on September 1, <mask> was not among the names announced to be called up.On September 2 the organization announced that he had been sent home for the remainder of the season to rest in preparation for the 2015 season. In 2014, <mask> posted a 3–0 record, 4.91 ERA, 21 strikeouts, and a 1.48 WHIP in 30 appearances (25 innings). Despite a strong showing during 2015 spring training, <mask> was optioned to minor league camp on March 26. He was recalled from Buffalo on May 3. He was optioned back to Buffalo on July 25 when Aaron Sanchez was activated from the disabled list. <mask> was recalled in September, but was not added to the Blue Jays postseason roster. He finished the 2015 campaign with a 2–0 record, 5.22 ERA, and 30 strikeouts in 29 innings.On January 15, 2016, <mask> and the Blue Jays avoided salary arbitration by agreeing to a one-year, $835,000 contract. On March 29, the Blue Jays released <mask>. Cincinnati Reds (2016)
On April 2, 2016, <mask> signed a minor league deal with the Cincinnati Reds. On May 7, his contract was purchased by the Reds. On May 17, in a game against the Cleveland Indians, <mask> walked four consecutive batters with the bases loaded thus allowing four runs to score. <mask> was designated for assignment by the Reds on May 21, and sent outright to the Triple-A Louisville Bats on May 24. On June 24, <mask> was released by the Reds.Hiroshima Toyo Carp (2016)
On June 25, 2016, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Cleveland Indians on January 13, 2017. The deal included an invitation to the Indians' 2017 spring training camp. On April 24, <mask>

masks: Delabar Delabar Delabar Delabar Delabar Delabar Delabar Delabar Delabar Delabar Delabarabar Delabar


texts:
 was suspended for 80 games after testing positive for ostarine. <mask> was released by the Indians on July 5, 2017. Texas Rangers
On January 4, 2018, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Texas Rangers with an invitation to spring training. He was released on April 20.Retirement
On February 4, 2019, <mask> announced that he will no longer pursue playing opportunities on the Outta Park show with Barry Davis. Pitching style
<mask> throws three pitches: a hard four-seam fastball at an average of 95 mph, a slider from 85–88 mph that he throws occasionally to right-handed hitters, and a split-finger fastball that registers speeds in the mid-to-upper 80s. All three pitches are excellent strikeout pitches, with well above-average whiff rates of 25% on the fastball, 33% on the slider, and 48% on the splitter. The high whiff rates contribute to a K/9 rate of over 11 for <mask>'s career. See also

 List of Major League Baseball single-inning strikeout leaders
 List of Toronto Blue Jays team records

References

External links

1983 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
American expatriate baseball players in Japan
American League All-Stars
Arizona League Padres players
Baseball players from Kentucky
Brockton Rox players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Cincinnati Reds players
Eugene Emeralds players
Florence Freedom players
Fort Wayne Wizards players
Gulf Coast Blue Jays players
High Desert Mavericks players
Hiroshima Toyo Carp players
Jackson Generals (Southern League) players
Lake Elsinore Storm players
Louisville Bats players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Nippon Professional Baseball pitchers
Seattle Mariners players
Tacoma Rainiers players
Toronto Blue Jays players
Volunteer State Pioneers baseball

masks: Delabar Delabar Delabar Delabar Delabar


texts: <mask> (born November 12, 1959) is an American chemist who serves as the 14th president of the University of Chicago. Alivisatos is a scientist of Greek descent who has been hailed as a pioneer in nanomaterials development  and is an internationally recognized authority on the fabrication of nanocrystals and their use in biomedical and renewable energy applications. He was ranked fifth among the world's top 100 chemists for the period 2000–2010 in the list released by Thomson Reuters. In February 2021, he was named the next president of the University of Chicago. On September 1, 2021, Alivisatos became the 14th president of the University of Chicago, where he also holds a faculty appointment as the John D. MacArthur Distinguished Service Professor in the Department of Chemistry, the Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, and the College; and serves as the Chair of the Board of Governors of Argonne National Laboratory and Chair of the Board of Directors of Fermi Research Alliance LLC, the operator of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. Prior to joining the University of Chicago, Alivisatos was the Executive Vice Chancellor and Provost of the University of California, Berkeley (2017-2021). As of July 1, 2017, he became Berkeley's Executive Vice Chancellor and Provost, and then acted as Vice Chancellor for Research on an interim basis.He previously served the Director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (2009-2016), and as Berkeley’s interim Vice Chancellor for Research (2016-2017). He held a number of faculty appointments at Berkeley, including the Samsung Distinguished Professor in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research and Professor of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering at Berkeley. Alivisatos was also the Founding Director of the Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute (ENSI), an institute on the Berkeley campus launched by the Kavli Foundation to explore the application of


texts:
 nanoscience to sustainable energy technologies. Early life
<mask> was born in Chicago, Illinois, where he lived until the age of 10, when his family moved to Athens, Greece. Alivisatos has said of his years in Greece that it was a great experience for him because he had to learn the Greek language and culture then catch up with the more advanced students. "When I found something very interesting it was sometimes a struggle for me to understand it the very best that I could," he has said of that experience. "That need to work harder became an important motivator for me."Alivisatos returned to the United States to attend the University of Chicago in the late seventies. Training and career
In 1981, Alivisatos earned a B.A. with honors in chemistry from the University of Chicago. In 1986, he received a Ph.D. in physical chemistry from the University of California, Berkeley, where he worked under Charles Harris. His Ph.D. thesis concerned the photophysics of electronically excited molecules near metal and semiconductor surfaces. He then joined AT&T Bell Labs working with Louis E. Brus, and began research in the field of nanotechnology. Alivisatos returned to Berkeley in 1988 as an assistant professor of chemistry, becoming associate professor in 1993 and professor in 1995.He served as Chancellor's Professor from 1998 to 2001, and added an appointment as a professor of materials science and engineering in 1999. Alivisatos' affiliation with Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (or Berkeley Lab) began in 1991 when he joined the staff of the Materials Sciences Division. From 2005 to 2007 Alivisatos served as Berkeley Lab's Associate Laboratory Director for the Physical Sciences area. In 2008, he served as Deputy Lab Director under Berkeley Lab Director Steven Chu, and then as interim director when Chu stepped down to become the Secretary of Energy. He was named the seventh Director of the Berkeley Lab on November 19,


texts:
 2009, by the University of California Board of Regents on the recommendation of UC President Mark Yudof and with the concurrence of the U.S. Department of Energy. Energy Secretary Steven Chu noted that Alivisatos is "an incredible scientist with incredible judgment on a variety of issues. He's level-headed and calm, and he has an ability to inspire people…[and he can] take projects from material science to real-world applications."Research
Alivisatos is an internationally recognized authority on nanochemistry and a pioneer in the synthesis of semiconductor quantum dots and multi-shaped artificial nanostructures. Further, he is a world expert on the chemistry of nanoscale crystals; one of his papers (Science, 271: 933–937, 1996) has been cited over 13,800 times. He is also an expert on how these can be applied, for example as biological markers (e.g., Science, 281: 2013–16, 1998; a paper cited over 10,900 times). In addition, his use of DNA in this area (DNA nanotechnology) has shown the surprising versatility of this molecule. He has used it to direct crystal growth and create new materials, as in Nature, 382: 609–11, 1996, and even to measure nanoscale distances (see Nature Nanotechnology, 1: 47–52, 2006). He is widely recognized as being the first to demonstrate that semiconductor nanocrystals can be grown into complex two-dimensional shapes, as opposed to simple one-dimensional spheres. Alivisatos proved that controlling the growth of nanocrystals is the key to controlling both their size and shape.This achievement altered the nanoscience landscape and paved the way for a slew of new potential applications, including biomedical diagnostics, revolutionary photovoltaic cells, and LED materials. Nanocrystals
Nanocrystals are aggregates of anywhere from a few hundred to tens of thousands of atoms that combine into a crystalline form of matter known as a "cluster." Typically a few nanometers in diameter,


texts:
 nanocrystals are larger than molecules but smaller than bulk solids and therefore often exhibit physical and chemical properties somewhere in between. Given that a nanocrystal is virtually all surface and no interior, its properties can vary considerably as the crystal grows in size. Prior to Alivisatos' research, all non-metal nanocrystals were dot-shaped, meaning they were essentially one-dimensional. No techniques had been reported for making two-dimensional or rod-shaped semiconductor nanocrystals that would also be of uniform size. However, in a landmark paper that appeared in the March 2, 2000 issue of the journal Nature, Alivisatos reported on techniques used to select the size but vary the shapes of the nanocrystals produced.This was hailed as a major breakthrough in nanocrystal fabrication because rod-shaped semiconductor nanocrystals can be stacked to create nano-sized electronic devices. The rod-shaped nanocrystal research, coupled with earlier work led by Alivisatos in which it was shown that quantum dots or "qdots"–nanometer-sized crystal dots (spheres a few billionths of a meter in size)– made from semiconductors such as cadmium selenide can emit multiple colors of light depending upon the size of the crystal, opened the door to using nanocrystals as fluorescent probes for the study of biological materials, biomedical research tools and aids to diagnosis, and as light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Alivisatos went on to use his techniques to create an entirely new generation of hybrid solar cells that combined nanotechnology with plastic electronics. Applications
Alivisatos is the founding scientist of Quantum Dot Corporation, a company that makes crystalline nanoscale tags that are used in the study of cell behavior. (Quantum Dot is now part of Life Technologies.) He also founded the nanotechnology company Nanosys, and Solexant, a photovoltaic start-up that has since restarted as Siva Power. His


texts:
 research has led to the development of applications in range of industries, including bioimaging (for example, the use of quantum dots for luminescent labeling of biological tissue); display technologies (his quantum dot emissive film is found in the Kindle Fire HDX tablet); and renewable energy (solar applications of quantum dots).Patents
More than 50 as of 2021. University of Chicago
Alivisatos became president of the University of Chicago on September 1, 2021. He is the 14th president of the University of Chicago, succeeding Robert J. Zimmer who was president from 2006 to 2021. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab
Under Alivisatos’ leadership, Berkeley Lab embarked upon an ambitious period of strategic scientific infrastructure renewal, and shifted its priorities to the more interdisciplinary areas of renewable energy and climate-change research. During his tenure, the Lab began construction on new buildings for computational research, building efficiencies, solar energy research, and biological science. In addition, Alivisatos proactively invigorated Berkeley Lab's safety culture, elevated the Lab's community outreach and operational efficiency efforts, and worked to build a more diverse and inclusive community within the lab. Alivisatos focused on integrating the Lab into the nation's innovation ecosystem, especially in the areas of energy and the environment.While some of the groundwork for this integration was laid by former Director Steve Chu, Alivisatos led efforts to leverage the wide range of scientific capabilities at Berkeley Lab with a variety of industry partners and entrepreneurs. These public/private sector collaborations resulted in technology transfer for industries as diverse as automobiles and medicine, and contributed to an increased speed of development in manufacturing and renewable energy. On March 23, 2015 Alvisatos announced that he would step down as Director when a replacement was


texts:
 identified. In addition to his emphasis on innovation and outreach to the private sector, Alivisatos also worked to create a more closely connected network of the U.S. Dept. of Energy's seventeen national labs. During his tenure as the chair of the National Lab Directors Council, Alivisatos encouraged greater alignment and collaboration across the labs on such issues as diversity and workforce development. Alivisatos has also been outspoken on the issue of basic science funding at the federal level and America's ability to stay competitive in the areas global scientific research and development.Personal life
Alivisatos is married to <mask>, a retired chemist, former editor of the journal Nano Letters, and daughter of the noted chemist, Gábor A. Somorjai. They have two daughters. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Selected publications

For a full list of publications, see http://www.cchem.berkeley.edu/pagrp/publications.html

Editorships
Alivisatos is the founding editor of Nano Letters, a publication of the American Chemical Society. He formerly served on the Senior Editorial Board of Science. He has also served on the editorial advisory boards of ACS Nano, the Journal of Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics, the Journal of Chemical Physics, and Advanced Materials. References

External links
 Alivisatos Research Group at the University of California at Berkeley
 Lawrence Berkeley National Lab
 Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute

21st-century American chemists
American people of Greek descent
Living people
American nanotechnologists
UC Berkeley College of Letters and Science alumni
University of Chicago alumni
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Wolf Prize in Chemistry laureates
1959 births
UC Berkeley College of Chemistry faculty
Fellows of the American


texts:
<mask> (22 May 1981 – 3 October 2015; ), also known as <mask> (), was a Palestinian Syrian open-source software developer. He was detained without trial by the Syrian government in 2012 and was secretly executed in 2015. Human rights organizations claim that he was detained for his activities in support of freedom of expression, and the United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention considered his detention to have been arbitrary. Khartabil was born in Damascus and raised in Syria, where he specialized in open source software development. He was chief technology officer (CTO) and co-founder of collaborative research company Aiki Lab and was CTO of Al-Aous, a publishing and research institution dedicated to archaeological sciences and arts in Syria. He has served as project lead and public affiliate for Creative Commons Syria, and has contributed to Mozilla Firefox, Wikipedia, Openclipart, Fabricatorz, and Sharism. He "is credited with opening up the Internet in Syria and vastly extending online access and knowledge to the Syrian people."His last work included an open, 3D virtual reconstruction of the ancient city of Palmyra in Syria, real time visualization, and development with Fabricatorz for the web programming framework Aiki Framework. This was later created and displayed in his honor. In 2018, the Bassel Khartabil Free Culture Fellowship was announced in Khartabil's memory. The fellowship awards $50,000 and additional support to individuals developing open culture in their communities. The fellowship was created by Creative Commons, Fabricatorz Foundation, Jimmy Wales Foundation, Mozilla,  #NEWPALMYRA, and Wikimedia. Personal life
Khartabil was arrested a few days before his marriage contract to Noura Ghazi, a lawyer and human rights activist, was to be signed. The contract was finalized later that year, while Khartabil was in prison.The couple first met in Douma in April 2011 after coming back from a demonstration. On Valentine's Day 2015, Ghazi made public a love letter she wrote to Khartabil,

masks:
Bassel Khartabil
Bassel Safadi


texts:
 where she reflects on what has taken place in Syria in the time he had been imprisoned:

Awards

For its 2012 list of Top Global Thinkers, Foreign Policy named Khartabil together with Rima Dali as #19 for "insisting, against all odds, on a peaceful Syrian revolution." On 21 March 2013 Khartabil was awarded Index on Censorship's Digital Freedom Award. Although still detained at the time in Adra Prison, Khartabil was able to communicate his gratitude through Dana Trometer and Jon Phillips receiving the award on his behalf, wherein he paid "respect to all the victims of the struggle for freedom of speech, and, especially for those non-violent youths who refused to carry arms and deserve all the credit for this award." Imprisonment

On 15 March 2012, Khartabil was detained amid arrests in the Mazzeh district of Damascus by Military Security Branch 215. That day marked the one-year anniversary of the Syrian uprising, with pro- and anti-government protesters demonstrating in Damascus and elsewhere in the country. Khartabil was interrogated and allegedly tortured for five days by Military Branch 215.One week after his arrest, security forces reportedly took him to his home where they confiscated his computers and his files. He was then transferred to the Interrogation Division Branch 248 and detained there incommunicado for 9 months. On 9 December 2012, Khartabil was brought before a military prosecutor who charged him with "spying for an enemy State" under Articles 272 and 274 of the Syrian Criminal Code. Khartabil was then sent to the Adra Prison in Damascus. On 12 December 2013, a request for written answer on the question of Khartabil's imprisonment was raised before the European Parliament to the Commission (Vice-President/High Representative), stating that "his voluntary work, always non-violent in nature, was greatly valued by Syrians of all backgrounds, and it is strongly suspected that his arrest was part of an effort to restrict access to online communities and discourses and stifle free expression in


texts:
 Syria." On 18 March 2014, the written answer from High Representative/Vice-President Catherine Ashton was published, stating that "The HR/VP deplores the ongoing imprisonment of <mask> Safadi Khartabil, shares the concerns at his situation and follows it very closely." On 21 April 2015, the United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention (WGAD) adopted an opinion on Khartabil's case, calling his detention "arbitrary" and asking for his immediate release.The WGAD concluded that Kharbatil's detention violated Articles 9, 14 and 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), which Syria ratified in 1969. #FREEBASSEL campaign
After his detention became widely known in early July 2012, a global campaign was launched calling for his immediate release. Notable Internet companies like Mozilla, Wikipedia, Global Voices, EFF and Creative Commons wrote letters to the Syrian government urging his immediate release. Notable individuals including Lawrence Lessig, Joi Ito, Mitchell Baker, Jillian York, Mohamed Nanabhay and Barry Threw wrote public letters of support. Al Jazeera, Framablog, and Hacker News wrote about the effort. In October 2012, Amnesty International released a document with information suggesting that Khartabil has been ill-treated and even tortured. On 23 October, the Taiwan chapter of Amnesty International led a letter-writing event at Insomnia Cafe to raise awareness about Khartabil in Taipei, Taiwan.On 26 November, he was named one of the top 100 global thinkers by Foreign Policy for his resistance. In December, he was moved to a military prison to await a military trial. In response, a fasting campaign was launched to raise awareness about Khartabil's deteriorating incarceration situation. On 25 January 2013, reports circulated about the pending trial and fears of his execution. On 15 March the #FREEBASSEL project organized a #FREEBASSELDAY campaign with Creative Commons, Mozilla, and other community leaders, leading to public artworks, meetups, press, and videos. On 22


texts: May, commemorating Khartabil's 32nd birthday—the second time he spent a birthday in prison as well as the 799th day of the Syrian conflict—the Index on Censorship, Creative Commons, and the #FREEBASSEL campaign launched Project Sunlight, to uncover more information about Khartabil's condition and location. His mother wrote, "I just want him free, I pray for him to be free and I pray for all his friends who believe and work on Bassel's freedom."At the Index on Censorship Awards, Jon Phillips said of KhartabilLocking up <mask> only locks out his personal freedom. By locking up <mask>, his Syrian captors are accidentally locking out themselves from the future...thousands of people that <mask>'s work helped, now help him by spreading the message #FREEBASSEL. This is what truly builds Syria and connects it to the global connected future. This award proves that his lock-up, is NOT a lock-out of his digital freedom. A letter supporting him was sent to the European Union Parliament later that year. In 2014, Marc Weidenbaum gathered participants to create 38 musical pieces that might be used as a soundscape for an immersive, completed digital visualization of ancient Palmyra. A second iteration of #FREEBASSELDAY involved a Wikipedia "edit-a-thon", meetups, the creation of a cookbook in Khartabil's honor, and press mentions.Rebecca MacKinnon wrote about Khartabil and the Zone 9 Bloggers in the World Policy Journal, and Wikipedia hosted an editathon for Zone 9 bloggers. On Human Rights Day, Global Voices led a campaign to raise awareness about his imprisonment. In March 2015, the Electronic Frontier Foundation hosted a Wikipedia edit-a-thon for #FREEBASSELDAY. In addition, the Creative Commons Arab World organized a virtual Arabic Wikipedia edit-a-thon to translate and expand pages related to Khartabil and his interests. He was later profiled with the launch of the EFF's Offline project, "sharing the stories of imprisoned technologists and technology users." In 2017, the #FREEBASSEL campaign asked supporters to do

masks: Bassel Bassel Bassel


texts:
 five public acts in honor of Khartabil, to be posted on social media. Transfer and execution
On 12 September 2015, Jaysh al-Islam shelled and stormed the prison, taking control of two buildings.Until early October Khartabil was still in Adra Prison in the suburbs of Damascus, Syria. By 3 October, military police took him from his cell in Adra with a 'top secret' sealed order from the Military Field Court. He was transferred to an unknown location. On 6 October, Amnesty International released a new report on Khartabil's status. A day later, Human Rights Watch and 30 other human rights organizations issued a letter demanding that Khartabil's whereabouts be disclosed. On 17 October, Creative Commons Board of Directors approved a resolution calling for Khartabil's release. On 21 October, the New Palmyra project was launched to carry on his 3D modeling work and other creative uses of data about Palmyra.A day later, the MIT Media Lab offered Khartabil a position of research scientist at the Center for Civic Media to work with Ethan Zuckerman on projects to make Syria's history available to the world. On 9 November, an anthology of essays in Khartabil's honor, entitled The Cost of Freedom: A Collective Inquiry, was released under a Creative Commons public domain license. Two days afterward, unconfirmed rumors surfaced that Khartabil had been sentenced to death. In August 2017, Khartabil's wife and friends reported they had seen a copy of official documents confirming he had been executed after his transfer from Adra prison in 2015. Response
The Electronic Frontier Foundation and the Wikimedia Foundation as well as Global Voices released statements mourning his loss. Creative Commons announced the creation of the Bassel Khartabil Memorial Fund, to support projects in line with his ideas and work throughout his life. On 11 August, the Mozilla Foundation announced the creation of the Bassel Khartabil Free Culture Fellowship, organized by Mozilla, Wikimedia, Creative Commons, the Jimmy Wales Foundation, #NEWPALMYRA


texts:
 and other groups.It is aimed at supporting individuals developing free culture, particularly under adverse circumstances. Works

Models of ancient Palmyra

Starting in 2005, Khartabil began collecting photographs of the ancient architecture and archaeology sites in Palmyra, in the hopes of reconstructing the city online, using 3D models and virtual spaces. His efforts were put on hold when he was imprisoned, and some of his early work was lost. In 2015 his friends and colleagues launched the New Palmyra Project to bring that dream to life. Since then, many of the most famous structures in Palmyra have been modeled, and some life-size models built of structures that were destroyed in the Syrian Civil War. As of 2017, most of the buildings and statues captured by the New Palmyra Project have been completely destroyed by ISIL. Writing and art
Khartabil wrote hundreds of letters while in prison, including some while he was in a high-security military prison, where writing was prohibited.He also produced some paintings and poetry. For a short time, he published some of his writing to an anonymous prison blog and Twitter account, via a friend. "Jail is not walls, not the executioner and guards. It is the hidden fear in our hearts that makes us prisoners." In his last year in prison, he made a series of at least four paintings that he was able to smuggle out to friends. See also
 List of Wikipedia people

References

External links

 #FREEBASSEL
 Interview with Bassel about the role of Creative Commons in the Arab world (in Arabic)
 Podcast Interview with <mask> and Jon Phillips on hackerspaces and making culture in the Arab world
 Statement by US Secretary of State, John Kerry

1981 births
2015 deaths
Syrian computer programmers
Copyright activists
People from Damascus
People of the Syrian civil war
Prisoners and detainees of Syria
Syrian democracy activists
Syrian bloggers
Syrian people of Palestinian descent
Syrian prisoners and detainees
Wikipedia people
People executed by Syria
Mozilla developers
Creative


texts: <mask> (10 December 1765 – 13 June 1821) was a Dutch politician, who was the first minister of finance of the Batavian Republic and the Kingdom of Holland. He married Catharina van Hasselt in 1800, and had three children. <mask> was born in Vught, the son of <mask>, a German officer in the service of the army of the Dutch Republic, and of Alexandrina Crul. He had only a limited formal education and went to Amsterdam to apprentice for a career as a merchant at age 16, at the merchant house of Godart Kappel en Zoon. He started his own firm (Gogel, Pluvinot en Gildemeester) in 1791. Gogel was a typical "self-made man", a product of the petty-broking and merchandising world of Amsterdam. Though later one of the most prominent pioneering Dutch economists, he did not receive a formal education in this field.As a typical self-taught man he tended to borrow his ideas from all the great texts from the day, from Adam Smith to the Physiocrats. He became an adherent of the Patriot party in these years, because of the corruption he saw in the government of Stadtholder William V, and the steep decline of the country, especially in economic terms, that he held that government responsible for. This caused a lifelong enmity toward the rivals of the Patriot party, the Orangists. Even before the Batavian revolution of 1795 and the proclamation of the Batavian Republic he became involved in revolutionary politics, on a local and later national, level. After the January 22, 1798, coup d'état by general Herman Willem Daendels, he was appointed agent for finance and foreign affairs (pro tem) under the new Uitvoerend Bewind. However, the contraventions

masks:
Isaac Jan Alexander Gogel
Career Gogel
Johan Martin Gogel


texts:
 of the new, democratic, constitution of 1798 by the Vreede regime disaffected him, and he conspired with the other agents and again general Daendels to overthrow that regime in June, 1798. He then became a member of the Uitvoerend Bewind himself for a short while, till elections had been held for a new Representative Assembly.He was again appointed Agent, this time for Finance, by the new Uitvoerend Bewind. He now started on the reform of the Dutch system of public finance that was long overdue. He attempted to reorganize the tax system, but because this entailed abolition of the old, federal arrangements, he met strong resistance. He tried to attain three main objectives with his imposing General Tax Plan: construction of a system of regularly levied taxes, instead of the hodge-podge of ad hoc taxes and forced loans that the Republic had to rely on to make ends meet; a shift away from regressive, indirect taxes toward direct income taxes; and an equalization of the tax burden between different parts of the country. Besides, he proposed to form a new, national organisation to collect the taxes. His General-Taxation-Plan legislation was first proposed in 1799, but only enacted on March 25, 1801. Nationale Konst-Gallery

Gogel was working on adopting many parts of the new revolutionary infrastructure that had recently been put into place in Paris, and one of these was the Louvre.Modelled on that concept, he envisioned a National art gallery for art-lovers and artists alike, that would promote the country's art heritage. His motivation was partially developed out of the worries shared by many art lovers in the Netherlands at that


texts: time that the French saviors of freedom would take more than just one collection with them to Paris, as in 1795 the entire contents of Willem V's gallery had been installed in the Louvre. He decided on a place and two major types of art, and these were the Huis ten Bosch location with its magnificent Oranjezaal and the concepts "historieele" and "moderne" art. Oddly the Rijksmuseum which was later founded with this collection at its core, still contains a split between "historical" and "modern" art. In fact most Catholic or Orangist art galleries had either hidden their collections or taken them away, such as the art collection of Villa Welgelegen in Haarlem. <mask> saw that under the new government, he was able to appropriate pieces from distributed Royal collections (such as the Oranjezaal itself) and felt that if he did this in a systematic way with the intention to found a national collection, he would thus "save" the art from the French "saviors". For his national inventory in 1799 he appointed an inspector for this job: Cornelis Sebille Roos.As a patriot, <mask> was mostly interested in what he saw as "patriotic" art that promoted the country and taught a moral lesson, which indicates that probably it was Roos who put the moralistic text on The Threatened Swan" in order to sell the painting to <mask>. <mask> was a member of the Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen in Haarlem, which was closely allied with the Teylers Museum, a similar museum initiative. The museum was a bit far from the center of town however, and though it received enough visitors that Roos had to hire the assistant Jan Gerard Waldorp, the museum

masks: Gogel Gogel Gogel Gogel


texts:
 was moved in 1808 when Lodewijk Napoleon opened the Koninklijk Museum in the former city hall of Amsterdam. New Regime
By 1805 the political winds had changed again. The unitarian Constitution of 1798, on whose tenets the plan was based, was being undermined by the Uitvoerend Bewind itself. The new Constitution of 1801, that came into force after another coup in the Fall of that year, entailed a re-federalization of the state. <mask> courageously fulminated against the financial chapters of that Constitution before the referendum that was set up to approve it.Soon afterward he lost his job, because the central Agencies were abolished, together with the Uitvoerend Bewind. In May, 1802, another of his reform plans, the founding of a National Bank, was discarded by the new regime (to be revived only in 1814). <mask> now became a private citizen again, forming a new commercial firm Gogel en d'Arripe. During his years in the wilderness he remained in touch with politics, however. In the Spring of 1804 he approached the then commander-in-chief of the French army of occupation Marmont, a confidant of Napoleon's, with information critical of the Staatsbewind of the Batavian Republic, and a project for a new constitution. At the same time, Marmont happened to be fishing around for information of other discontented Dutch politicians, on the orders of Napoleon. Soon a coalition was formed around the Batavian envoy to Paris, Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck that openly worked to drive out the Staatsbewind-regime.<mask> played an important role in this coalition, even though he (as a convinced unitarist) and Schimmelpenninck (as the leader of

masks: Gogel Gogel Gogel


texts: the federalists) did not see eye to eye on many things. However, Napoleon made clear that he preferred the unitarist vision of <mask>, and his opinion of course prevailed, when the Staatsbewind was replaced by the regime of Grand Pensionary Schimmelpenninck in May, 1805. <mask> now was appointed Secretary of State for Finance. Now he was able to push through his old General Taxation Plan, in slightly modified form. This was made easier by the fact that under the new constitution of 1805 the often-obstructionist  Wetgevend Lichaam (Legislative Corps) had been made toothless. Though <mask> was a lifelong democrat, never making concessions on his belief that the franchise should be universal (unlike other Patriot politicians, who in the course of events changed their views in a more authoritarian direction), as a technocrat he saw the advantage of being able to make his views prevail. His tax reforms were enacted in June, 1805, and put into operation on January 11, 1802.However, the final days of the Batavian Republic were passing rapidly. <mask> was a member of the Groot Besogne (Grand Commission) that helped to negotiate the transition to the Kingdom of Holland under king Louis Napoleon, however reluctantly. In 1806 this title was changed to Minister under the new kingdom. As such he had to deal with attempts of the old elites to water down his new system of taxation that had been implemented only a few months before over much opposition. However, at first he gained the support of the new king, who  had been impressed by his warnings about the dire state of the Dutch economy at the time. Revenues under the new system were


texts: falling short of expectations, and the kingdom therefore had to rely even more than before on deficit financing. The credit of the Dutch state had now suffered so much, that it was no longer possible to float bond loans without the assistance of the Amsterdam merchant bankers that had previously only served foreign governments, like that of the United States, as intermediaries.Fortunately, the Dutch system for financing sovereign debt, foreign or domestic, was still unparalleled at the time. A few years later, however, the first benefits of the new system (enhanced revenues, reduced administrative costs, formation of a national fiscal bureaucracy) had finally been realized. Some of those reforms were of lasting importance. As the verponding (land tax) was an important new element of the system a kadaster had to be implemented. This had important beneficial effects in the sphere of Dutch civil law, also. Other persisting reforms: in 1807 he was able to enact a law to reform the Dutch coinage. He also was instrumental in the abolition of the guilds and other economic reforms, like the abolition of internal tariffs and other obstructions to trade.He was the first director of the predecessor of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences under the Kingdom of Holland. Like king Louis, <mask> had a difficult character. This led increasingly to personal conflicts. He resigned in 1809 because of a conflict with the king over a commission for further tax reform. After the annexation of the Netherlands in 1810, <mask> took up the duties of finance minister again, but now as intendant des finances in the part of the imperial

masks: Gogel Gogel


texts:
 government that was devoted to the Dutch departments of the French Empire. He did this in the illusion that he might be able to shield his compatriots from the worst excesses of the imperial administration. Legion were his attempts to persuade the government in Paris that certain allowances had to be made for special Dutch circumstances.But, these proved mostly in vain. When the French lost their grip on the Netherlands in 1813, after the accession of William I of the Netherlands, <mask> fled to France. He was allowed to return to the Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1814, but he refused to take office under the new regime, which he viewed as a restoration of the pre-1795 Orangist clique that he despised (though he relented shortly before his death to become a member of the new Raad van State). He returned to private life, and started a small factory. He died soon after in 1821 in Overveen. Political functions
 April 7 – October 2, 1798: Agent for Foreign Affairs,  pro tem
 June 12 – August 14, 1798: Member Uitvoerend Bewind, pro tem
 January 22, 1798 – October 2, 1801: Agent for Finance
 June 19 – July 4, 1801: Agent for the Interior, pro tem
 May 1, 1805 – June 5, 1806: Secretary of State for Finance;
 June 5, 1806 – May 27, 1809: Minister of Finance
 July 22 – October 29, 1810: Member, Council for Dutch Affairs in Paris
 October 30, 1810 – November 16, 1813: Intendant des Finances et du Trésor Public (administration des Finances des départements des Pays-Bas)

Titles and decorations
 Grootkruis Orde van de Unie, Februari 17, 1807
 Grootkruis Orde van de Reünie, Februari 22, 1812
 Commandeur in de Orde van de Nederlandse Leeuw


texts:
 Commandeur de la Légion d'honneur, June 30, 1811
 Chévalier de l'Empire, 1811

Publications
"Over de nadeelen der buitenlandsche geldlichtingen", in: De Democraten,  Aug. 17, 1796. "Memoriën en correspondentiën betrekkelijk den staat van 's rijk's geldmiddelen in den jaren 1820" (posthumously; edited by his son, J.M.Gogel, 1844)

References

Sources
 , <mask>n, 2017. . (in Dutch)
  (1977), Patriots and Liberators. Revolution in the Netherlands 1780–1813, New York, Vintage books,
  (1971), La Révolution batave, 1783–1798, Paris, Société des études robespierristes

External links
 Entry I.J.A. <mask> in Parlement & Politiek

1765 births
1821 deaths
Dutch politicians
People from Vught
Members of the Dutch Patriots faction
Dutch people of German descent
Commanders of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
People of the Kingdom of

masks:
Alexander Gogellore
Gogel


texts:
<mask> (1886–1960) was a Sydney activist, teacher, poet and humanitarian. Early life

<mask> was born <mask> in London in 1886 and came to Australia with her family in 1893. She matriculated from high school  and enrolled in Arts at Sydney University. She had a great love of Shakespeare's plays, this love having been instilled in her since early childhood by her mother. Her interest in Shakespeare came to the notice of Sir Mungo MacCallum, Sydney University's foundation Professor of Modern Language and Literature, and he inspired her to a lifetime study of Shakespeare. She graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1908. In 1911 she gained her Master of Arts degree in English, having achieved considerable prominence as a poet.Indeed, her poem "Sic Vos Non Vobis" (Thus do ye, but not for yourselves) won the coveted Sydney University Prize for English verse. She was the first woman to achieve this distinction. While at Sydney University she was very active in student activities, particularly in the Dramatic Society which gave her the skills which she would put to good use in her later commitment to theatre in Sydney. She also joined the Sydney University Women's Social Service Society and served on its committee from 1908 to 1910, being secretary from 1908 to 1909. In May 1909 she was instrumental in the Society and helped found the Sydney University Settlement which continues to provide social welfare services in the Chippendale and South Sydney area. This was an early indication of her strong commitment to social causes that was to be such an important part of her later life. It was in this period she became a close friend of the Australian

masks:
Rosine Guiterman
Guiterman
Rosine Lion


texts:
 feminist Jessie Street and other early social activists.Travels

In 1911, <mask> set off for London by boat, and she fell in love with a businessman, <mask>, who had boarded the ship in Colombo, Sri Lanka. By the time they reached England they were engaged. <mask> was, and always remained, a convinced socialist, with progressive ideas on religion, politics and human morality. Until they met, such explicit political ideas had never come Rosine's way. From 1911 to 1912 <mask> Lion with her sister, a trained kindergarten teacher, travelled extensively in France and Germany, teaching as she went. She then returned to Australia and <mask> and David were married at the Great Synagogue, Sydney on 10 September 1913. Their twenty-nine years of married life, in spite of much trouble, were happy.Their married life began with very bright prospects, David having been appointed to represent a German firm doing good business in Australia. However, eleven months later the First World War broke out. There followed a period of increasing social repression in Australia, in which the Australian government destroyed the white multiculturalism and plurality that had characterized pre-World War I Australia. This was to particularly affect those many Australians of German descent and heritage or those, like <mask>, who were associated with this large and vibrant component of Australian society. In this atmosphere of repression, the Australian Government confiscated the assets of David's firm, including his own money, and things became very difficult indeed for the newlyweds. David was an American of German descent, with a German name. In consequence David found it

masks:
Rosine
David Guiterman
David Guiterman
Rosine
Rosine
David Guiterman


texts:
 impossible to get another job.<mask> was ostracised by many former friends and even urged by some to leave her husband "at least for the duration of the war". It was strongly suggested that <mask> should change his name, but this he proudly refused to do, saying that it was a name that his parents and grandparents had borne with honour. His stand was almost universally condemned. They were both unalterably opposed to war as a method of settling international disputes and did not fear to say so. Rosine proudly stood by him and with unshakable courage had her first experience of taking an unpopular stance. In all likelihood it was this experience that led her to fight for the rest of her life for social inclusion, tolerance and human rights. These photographs of <mask> and David, and of <mask>, were probably taken in 1940 or 1941.<mask> died in 1942. David and <mask> had two children, Gertrude and Pauline. Gertrude inherited her parents’ strong socialist and activist views. She married John Williamson Legge in 1940 and they were both active members of the Australian Communist Party. Teaching career

In 1916, due to their straitened family financial circumstances as a result of the seizure of David's assets and his inability to gain employment, <mask> began to teach again - becoming a tutor of English and drama with the Workers' Educational Association. In 1917 after the birth of their two daughters, <mask> began part-time school teaching. Through her teaching career, three generations of school students benefited from her knowledge and love of the theatre.She worked tremendously hard. She may have neglected herself but never her family or her

masks:
Rosine
David Guiterman
Rosine
Rosine
David Guiterman
Rosine
Rosine
Rosine


texts:
 students. Her association with the W.E.A. lasted from 1916 to 1930, during which period she conducted very many classes and lectured at many summer schools. <mask> <mask> engaged in school teaching continuously until 1950, including at SCEGGS Darlinghurst. Her main subjects were English and History and she was always the staff member to teach English and History honours. However, from time to time she also taught French and Latin.During this period she made many school broadcasts which were well received by both teacher and student listeners. In about 1940 <mask> commenced private coaching and continued to be a most successful teacher in this field up to the time of her death in 1960; her last lesson was given ten days before she died. Theatre

Throughout her life, <mask> made a significant contribution to theater in Australia. In 1925 she was a co-founder of the Workers' Education Association Drama League. She was also active in the left-wing New Theatre in Sydney which was founded in 1932 and was where she could combine her theatrical skills with her social commitment. She acted in many plays, and gained early prominence through playing the leading role in Chekhov's "The Schoolmistress". <mask> also gained a significant reputation through her innovative Shakespearean productions.By 1938 she was sufficiently prominent in Sydney society to be the subject of an Archibald Competition painting by Joseph Wolinski. In 1933 Hitler came to power in Germany and there was a growing awareness among social activists in Australia of the growth in fascism in Germany. <mask> combined her commitment to the theatre with her concern at the growing menace of

masks: Rosine Guiterman Rosine Rosine Rosine Rosine


texts:
 Nazism. On 21 November 1936 the Sydney Morning Herald reported:

"Mrs. <mask> <mask> is producing Lessing's play, "Nathan the Wise," this evening at the Maccabean Hall. A prologue will be spoken by Miss Amalia Lessing, a lineal descendant of the author, and by Mr. Arthur Mendelssohn, a descendant of Lessing's dearest friend, Moses Mendelssohn, whose character and ideas are expressed in the play. Miss Grace Barrow has designed the costumes and settings after a beautiful production she saw in Zurich. The proceeds of the performance will benefit the German-Jewish Relief Fund".Refugee assistance

During the latter part of the 1930s, any German Jews who could possibly do so, escaped to any country where they could gain admittance, and many came to Australia. During this period the <mask> home was ever open to newcomers in trouble, just as <mask>'s office door was also always open. These two once calculated that approximately 600 to 700 refugees had come to their home with some type of problem. Many German children were coached in English by <mask> and subsequently shepherded through all ramifications of the Education Department, to ensure that they were graded according to ability and not held back through imperfect English. Many refugees, still with very little English, were assisted to obtain necessary medical or hospital attention. Education and medical assistance were just two of the host of problems which confronted the Jewish refugees, all of whom faced the trauma of being strangers in a strange land. Social activism

Immediately after World War II, the Peace Council came into being with the object of working for the replacement of war by

masks:
Rosine
Guiterman
Guiterman
David Guiterman
Rosine


texts:
 international co-operation.From its very inception, <mask> <mask> identified herself with this movement, assisting to the maximum of her capacity in every way possible. She was also very active in many progressive causes including the Australia-China Association and the Union of Australian Women. She was an active member of the Australian-Aboriginal Fellowship and took part in the movement that brought about the successful 1967 referendum that changed the Constitution to allow the Federal Government to make laws relating to Aboriginal Australians. In this struggle, she played a particularly strong role in challenging the official government policy of "assimilation". She urged the adoption of the term "integration" to signal support of Aborigines' retaining a sense of group identity. Writer and poet

In 1949, despite her full-time work as a teacher and social activist, she found time to write a book, Harriet Newcomb and Margaret Hodge: A Short Account of Two Pioneers in Education, in order to help to keep alive the memory of two early feminists and educators. In 1949 she also published an article [“Emma Lazarus Centenary”, Unity: A Magazine of Jewish Affairs, (Vol.2 No. 4.; Nov-Dec 1949; pp. 8–9) ]  celebrating the centenary of the birth of the American poet Emma Lazarus and travelled to England where she became good friends with the poet Robert Browning who, Rosine reported, was delighted with her poems of indignation concerning abuses in the social system, or aiming at righting some wrong. Her strong and public commitment to social justice, despite the censure then being levelled at activists during the Cold War by the conservative government

masks: Rosine Guiterman


texts:
 of R.G. Menzies, was well illustrated in 1953. When the impending execution of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg on charges of espionage galvanized liberal reaction around the world, she drew on her poetic skills, for which she had been awarded the Sydney University medal in 1911, to write an impassioned attack on the Sydney Morning Herald in reaction to the paper's headline: "The execution of the Rosenbergs will end a two years' legal battle". Her commitment to her family, to social action, to the theatre and to teaching meant that she led a full and active life with what seemed an inexhaustible reserve of energy.In fact the day before she died, when her sight and physical strength had almost failed, she wrote a letter setting out clearly and concisely all details for the next function of the Peace Group of which she was the President. Notes

References
  Ron Witton, “<mask> <mask>: A Forgotten Australian Activist”, Australian Jewish Historical Society Journal, June 2014 (forthcoming). anonymous document, Fisher Library, University of Sydney's  http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9193 . Retrieved on 20 June 2013
 http://thesettlement.org.au/History Retrieved on 20 June 2013
 http://thesettlement.org.au/file/view/TheSettlement_1891-1986.pdf/347390822/TheSettlement_1891-1986.pdf Retrieved on 20 June 2013
 Marilyn Lake Faith: Faith Bandler, Gentle Activist, Allen & Unwin, Crows Nest, 2002, pp. 69–70
 Gerhard Fischer, Enemy Aliens (University of Queensland Press, St Lucia, 1989). John Docker  “Dilemmas of Identity: The Desire for the Other in Colonial and Post Colonial Cultural History”, Working Papers in Australian Studies, No. 74 (Sir Robert Menzies Centre for


texts:
 Australian Studies, University of London 1992.P.13
Gloria Garton in Joyce Stevens Taking the Revolution Home: Work Among Women in the Communist Party of Australia: 1920-1945 Melbourne: Sybylla Co-operative Press and Publications, 1987, p. 225-226
 http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/result?q=rosine+Guiterman Retrieved on 20 June 2013 and * http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article17204548?searchTerm=rosine%20Guiterman&searchLimits= Retrieved on 20 June 2013
 http://m.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/prizes/archibald/1938/19422/ Retrieved on 20 June 2013
 http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article17289315 Retrieved on 20 June 2013
 “Emma Lazarus Centenary”, Unity: A Magazine of Jewish Affairs, (Vol. 2 No. 4.; Nov-Dec 1949; pp. 8–9). 1886 births
1960 deaths
Australian anti-war activists
Australian schoolteachers
University of Sydney alumni
English emigrants to


texts:
<mask> (April 30, 1849 – December 26, 1897) was a rancher in the western United States in the late 19th century. The community of Frenchglen, Oregon was partially named for him. Early life
<mask> was born <mask> in Missouri on April 30, 1849. In 1850, his father moved the family to Colusa County, California, a town located in the Sacramento Valley, to begin a small ranch. Finding there was not enough room for small ranch operations due to Spanish land grants, <mask>'s father uprooted his family once again and traveled north in the valley. <mask>'s father began a sheep ranch which became very successful; however, as <mask> grew older, he found that the work was not exciting or challenging enough for him. <mask> moved southward to Jacinto, California where he met and accepted employment as a horse breaker with Dr. Hugh James Glenn, a wealthy stockman and wheat baron.French was a quick learner and good worker, and in a few months he was promoted to foreman. The Spanish-speaking vaqueros liked and respected French, as he learned their language. At some point in his employment with Glenn, French assumed the name "<mask>". Glenn had expanded his assets as widely as possible in the area, and began to scout new areas for his profitable markets. In 1872, he sent French to Oregon with 1,200 head of Shorthorn cattle, a handful of vaqueros, and a Chinese cook. He ended up in southeastern Oregon to find vast grasslands amid the arid high desert. Upon his arrival in the Catlow valley, <mask> and his men came upon a poor prospector named Porter.Porter sold his small herd of cattle to French, and with the sale of his cattle went his squatter's rights to the west side of the Steens Mountain and his "P" brand. As French ventured further, he found the Blitzen Valley, where the Donner und Blitzen River snaked northward  to Malheur Lake. This became his favorite spot, where he set up his base camp. He built

masks:
Peter French
Peter French
John William French
French
French
French
French
Peter
French


texts:
 shelters for his herd, line cabins, and bunkhouses for his men. Thus, the P Ranch was born. Cattle king
After several years, <mask>'s small cattle operation had expanded, helped in large part by Glenn as his financier. The P Ranch became the headquarters for his growing cattle empire.He and his men built fences, drained marshlands and irrigated large areas of land, broke hundreds of horses and mules, and cut and stacked native hay. <mask>'s empire expanded to include the Diamond Valley, the Blitzen Valley, and the Catlow Valley. The land encompasses approximately 160,000 to 200,000 acres (650 to 800 km²). A shrewd businessman, French took advantage of the Swamp and Overflow Act, which allowed marshland to be purchased at $1.25 an acre. He built dams to flood areas, bought the land under the Swamp Act at the reduced price, then removed the dams to return the land to its original state. <mask> also directed his employees and others to file homestead claims that he would then purchase. His attempts at seizing more and more land even included fencing lands in the public domain.In 1883, <mask> married Glenn’s daughter Ella. Glenn was murdered three weeks later by a former employee. <mask> continued to manage the Oregon operation for the Glenn family, selling more cattle to help pay the family’s debts. In 1894, Glenn’s heirs decided to incorporate the French-Glenn partnership into the French-Glenn Livestock Company, making <mask> the company president. <mask> was divorced in 1891. In June 1878 the native Paiute and Bannock (both closely associated with the Shoshone tribes) population at the base of the Steens Mountain swooped upon the P Ranch, but not before a messenger could warn French of the impending attack. French and all but one of his men were able to escape.The attacks continued throughout the summer. The Paiutes burned buildings and homes, ran off cattle and horses, and at least once shot

masks: French French French French French French French


texts:
 French's horse out from under him. At one point, French even accompanied the U.S. 1st Cavalry Regiment to guide the Army through the area. In the 1880s and 1890s, stockmen and smaller farmers fought over land and water rights. Aggression over such rights and French's large spread of land drew a certain loathing toward him. Death
French was shot in the head on December 26, 1897 by Edward Lee Olivier. The bullet entered between French's right eye and right ear just below his temple and exited just behind the top of his left ear.He died instantly. John William "<mask>" <mask> was buried in Red Bluff, California next to the graves of his father and mother at the Oak Hill Cemetery. Circumstances leading to death
<mask>'s greed pushed him to harass local homesteaders in attempts to push them off their land. When French-Glenn brought Ejectment lawsuits against multiple homesteaders in 1896 and 1897, it turned the homesteaders tolerance to acrimony. French weaponized the judicial system filing suit in the faraway courthouse of Portland, Oregon. He did this for three reasons. First, to burden homesteader families by forcing them to travel.Second, to impose maximum costs on them. And third, because public sentiment in Harney County would likely prejudice a jury against French-Glenn. The Portland court sent the case back down to Harney County courthouse where it belonged. This started a maelstrom of court filings from local homesteaders and French-Glenn alike. Tensions toward French grew to a crescendo that would ultimately lead to his death. This was no surprise to anyone, not even French himself. For years he openly shared that he believed he may end up getting himself killed.Trial of Edward Olivier
Olivier was initially charged with murder. He pled not guilty and was let out on $10,000.00 bail that was furnished by seven local supporters. The day before the trial was to begin, the charges were

masks: Peter French French


texts: dropped. Supporters of French called the trial "fixed" however, the prosecution aimed for a lesser charge of Manslaughter to counter Olivier's claim of self-defense. The trial began May 18, 1898 in the Harney County Courthouse. Olivier had been in a dispute with French for some time about an easement that would grant Olivier the legal right to cross through a piece of French's land to get to Olivier's home. Without an easement Olivier would be forced to increase his travel by over 6 miles.It had been reported by more than a few that French made it a habit to punish Olivier for his supposed trespassing in humiliating fashion. He had quirted (whipped with a horse whip) Olivier in public at least 5 times. Lifelong rancher Alva Springer testified for the defense to French's public ridicule, "Here sits a little man who has nothing to say. You were in my field yesterday. Whenever the time comes right and I catch you there, I will fix you." Several others testified to witnessing French's public promise to "fix", even "shoot", Olivier if the opportunity is ever presented. The state had called nearing twenty witnesses, seven of which were French employees and witnessed the killing from varying distances.Their claims were more or less the same. Olivier was seen riding toward the gate that would have given him access to cross through French's land. French was at the gate working a cattle drive that day. Olivier was witnessed colliding horse to horse with French as French yelled at Olivier. French was seen swinging his hand the way one swings a whip although witnesses testified they did not actually see a whip perhaps because of the distance between them. Olivier continued westerly toward his home behind French as French had turned his horse around. Olivier drew his gun and pointed it at <mask>'s head.French ducked. Olivier lowered his gun and when French turned his head back to look at Olivier, Olivier


texts:
 raised his gun again and fired. French fell from his horse. Olivier stopped, looked down at French dead on the ground and rode away in the direction of his home. Olivier's defense hinged on the purported belief that he feared that when French turned his head away, it was to buy time to draw a weapon and finally "fix" Olivier. French was not armed with a gun but was carrying his horse whip. One of the seven witnesses that testified for the prosecution was <mask>, <mask>'s brother, employee and resident of P Ranch.He testified "Never saw my brother strike Olivier with anything." Over twenty witnesses testified to Olivier's defense. One was a man by the name of J. P. Kennedy who testified that he saw <mask> in Portland, OR, on January 2, 1898, little more than a week after <mask> was killed. Kennedy testified that <mask> told him, "I don't like to say anything against my brother, but I can't blame Olivier for doing as he did." A jury found defendant, Edward Olivier, not guilty. Controversy
If you wanted to know what happened to <mask>, you would have heard a different tale depending on where you lived. The San Francisco Chronicle received their sourcing through channels biased toward French's largesse.The Portland news accounts were no exception. It seemed the faraway cities feigned sophistication and sanctimony over the incredulity of the death of such a nobleman but the real story lay among those that lived inside of it. A story published in the Oregonian newspaper in Portland on December 28, 1897, two days after French's killing read, "<mask> Dead - Shot and Killed by a Man Named Oliver reported to be a cold-blooded murder-affair occurred at Canyon City." An article published on 29 December in the San Francisco Chronicle read, "Killed as he fled from his assailant. How French was slain. Shot down on his own land while unarmed. The murderer escaped."On 30 December The Oregonian ran a story

masks:
Burt French
Pete French
Burt French
Pete French
Burt French
Pete French
Peter French


texts: that said, "He [Olivier] is a man about 30 years of age, small of stature, and looks little like a criminal." These are the same publications that inaccurately reported French arriving in Harney County from Chicago on or about Christmas day. On 29 December, the San Francisco Chronicle reported "French returned a few days ago from Chicago." This comports with the account in the book, Cattle Country of <mask> where French is lauded as an enterprising, heroic pioneer. It reads, "<mask> returned from a business trip to Chicago on Christmas Day of 1897. In Burns, he had Mart Brenton at the livery stable hook his team onto the buckboard, which was loaded with gifts he had brought for the children of his crew. He then drove directly to the Sod House Ranch.That night there was a Christmas Party, with all the children happy over the holiday and the men and women in a festive mood." It is easy to deduce the sourcing of the tales of <mask>. The San Francisco Chronicle reported incorrectly and the picture painted by the book, Cattle Country of <mask> French is as fanciful as it is farcical. But it was not just city folk that engaged in exaggerations about French. A local attorney in Burns, John W. Biggs, enjoyed telling the fabricated story of <mask> having Christmas Dinner with the Biggs' family the day before he was murdered. His daughter, Helen Biggs Rand outs her father in her manuscript, A Few Recollections of Burns catalogued in the Harney County Library. Bias favoring the rich is nothing new.But <mask> returned to Harney County from Chicago, IL by way of Omaha, NE with William Hanley around the middle of December, 1897. In the December 15th, 1897 edition of the local newspaper, the Burns Times-Herald, it states, "<mask> was in town a few days this week on his way home from the east where he had been with beef cattle." <mask> arrived in mid December to work. His men were there to work. They worked

masks:
Peter French
Peter French
Pete French
Peter
Pete French
French
Peter French
French


texts:
 on Christmas Day as though it were just a normal work day. And they worked the day after Christmas day when French was killed. Mystery
There are two accounts of hearsay that unfold the greater mystery about the death of <mask>.This is the first. Emanuel Clark was with French on Christmas Day, 1897. Clark was a member of his crew and explained his version of the death of <mask> to a man named John Scharff. The following is what he reported. <mask> and his crew put in a day of work driving cattle on Christmas Day, 1897. His crew was made up of his right hand man, Chino, Emanuel Clark, William Gilliam, Arthur Cooper, Frank Chacarrategue, David Crow, Prim Ortego, <mask>, Pete's brother and a newcomer who went by the name Caldwell. Chino and his horse had suffered a fall and he was pretty beaten up so <mask> traded his buckboard wagon to Chino, took Chino's horse and sent Chino off to P Ranch while <mask> drove the cattle.Before sending Chino off, <mask> pulled out his pistol in its scabbard from the buckboard and buckled it on as he fielded questions from his men. Then he thought different, unbuckled the pistol, put it inside his pack and instructed Chino to take his pack back to P Ranch and leave it in <mask>'s room. All that were present witnessed that French would be working unarmed. Later that night Emanuel Clark and <mask> decided to spend the night at the Sod House before returning to drive cattle the next morning. Caldwell, the newcomer, told French he would camp with friends and family down by the lake but would meet up with them at daylight to begin the day's work. The next day, Caldwell never showed. The second bit of hearsay comes from a woman by the name of Clara Springer.She was the granddaughter of Alva Springer, a homesteader embroiled in litigation against French over land at the time of <mask>'s killing. French had sought to make an example out of Springer who was well regarded

masks:
Pete French
Pete French
Pete French
Burt French
French
French
French
French
French
French


texts:
 as both tough and fair. In 1994, in research for his book, Life and Death of Oregon "Cattle King" <mask> 1849 - 1897, author Edward Gray, interviewed Clara Springer. During the interview Clara kept repeating herself, "I know something about the death of <mask> that nobody knows." It was as if a secret she had kept for too long had taken a life of its own and demanded to be told. She let it out. She said Olivier lied during his trial.Olivier said he left the George Curtis place and headed directly for his homestead on the day of the killing but Clara said that was not true. What Olivier did not tell the court was that he met up with Alva Springer on top of one of the hills overlooking French, his men, and the cattle they were driving that day. Another man named Albert Reineman Sr. was there too. She said Springer cautioned Olivier telling him he should make the extra six mile journey home. Some believe Caldwell unwittingly collected valuable information about French on that fateful Christmas Day. They say news that French was unarmed may have traveled fast. Even if it did, that does not mean that Olivier did not act in self defense but it also does not mean he was innocent either.Perhaps French's history of brazen acts of dominance over Olivier could be dependably relied on and that act could provide Olivier with a justified response. Or perhaps French was murdered in a calculated, premeditated way. Perhaps there were several conspirators to that end. We will never really know. See also
<mask> Round Barn

References

Further reading

<mask>, Giles. "Cattle Country of <mask>." Binfords & Mort, 1972.Gibson, Elizabeth. "<mask>, Cattle Baron." Harney County Sherriff. "The Death of <mask>." External links
<mask> biography from the Oregon Historical Society

People from Harney County, Oregon
Oregon Country
1849 births
1897 deaths
Deaths by firearm in Oregon
Oregon pioneers
Ranchers from Oregon
People

masks:
Peter French
Pete French
Pete French
French
Peter French
Pete French
Peter French
Peter French


texts:
<mask> (ẖnmw-ḥtp, "Khnum is pleased") was an ancient Egyptian Great Chief of the Oryx nome (the 16th nome of Upper Egypt) during the reign of pharaohs <mask> and Senusret II of the 12th Dynasty, Middle Kingdom (20th century BCE). He is well known for his tomb at Beni Hasan and its decorations. Biography and family

He was a member of a powerful family of nomarchs and officials which was likely founded by his grandfather Khnumhotep I and housed in Men'at Khufu. Khnumhotep II held many titles such as hereditary prince and count, foremost of actions, royal sealer, sole friend, member of the elite, overlord of Nekheb, and also overseer of the Eastern Desert, a position which he held from Year 19 of Amenemhat II until at least Year 6 of Senusret II i.e. the date which appears in Khnumhotep's tomb. Like most nomarchs of the time he also held some priestly charges. His predecessor as nomarch was probably his relative Netjernakht, and Khnumhotep honored him by building his tomb.His mother was Baqet while his father was an official named Neheri. Khnumhotep had two wives, the main of them was Khety, herself a daughter of the unnamed nomarch of the neighbouring 17th nome with Hardai as capital. Like her husband, Khety held a remarkable number of titles such as daughter of a governor, king's acquaintance, foremost of actions, lady of the house, and was also a priestess of Hathor and Pakhet. Khnumhotep's secondary wife was Tjat who held few, modest titles such as sealer, lady of the house and one who knows her lord; she is the only known female sealer at the court of a local governor. Those peculiarities and the fact that both consorts appears several times in

masks:
Khotep II
Amenehat II


texts:
 Khnumhotep's tomb suggests that the one between him and Khety was likely a politically arranged marriage while Tjat could have been his true love who was appointed sealer by him in order to have her closer. From his two consorts, Khnumhotep II had several children:
Nakht inherited his maternal grandfather's charge of nomarch at Hardai
Khnumhotep IV, followed his father as nomarch of the 16th nome, but does not appear in his father's tomb and is only known by his unfinished tomb at Beni Hasan
Khnumhotep III entered to the royal court where he managed to become high steward and later vizier
Neheri was buried in a small tomb at Beni Hasan where a stela of him was found
another son is known for being a "mayor" in a contiguous nome. For more about Khnumhotep's genealogy, see "Nomarchs of the Oryx nome".The tomb BH3

Khnumhotep II is buried in Beni Hasan in the rock-cut Tomb 3 (BH3), one of the most notable of the whole necropolis. In ancient times, the tomb would have been approached via a path that was distinguishable by dark brown boulders on either side; the path extended from the open outer court down the hill to the edge of the cultivated land. The tomb is fronted by a columned portico and a small courtyard; the courtyard would have been surrounded by mud-brick walls. The small columned portico is on the west side of the courtyard, directly in front of the tomb entrance. The ceiling of the portico is curved similar to the shape of a segmented barrel. The rock around the doorway leading inside the tomb to the chapel was smoothed and flattened, on which a fourteen line inscription is giving the list of the festal days for the services of funeral offerings,


texts: called percheru, along with the name and titles of Khnumhotep II. The floor of the main chamber (also referred to as the chapel) is sunk into the ground below the level of the open outer court and is descended into by three steps.The chapel is the main chamber cut straight back into the cliff almost symmetrical with 4 columns and two large shafts (that lead to burial chambers) are cut into the floor. These four main columns support a ceiling that is divided by three segmented barrel shapes. These vaults are painted in a pattern that may be referencing a tent. The only light for this chamber would have come from the doorway to the portico and originally a door, between the portico and the chamber, could have been used to close the tomb to the outdoor elements. Percy Newberry notes that the only remain from the inward swinging door is the pivot-hole. On the doorjambs are prayers to Osiris and Anubis above a seated Khnumhotep II who is facing inward. At the back of this main room (east wall) is a small rectangular shine approached by a step about  high.Newberry mentions that from his survey of the tomb there was a statue here of a seated <mask> II, but the entire statue had been cut away and only a portion of the seat remains. On the wall are also depicted Khnumhotep's most notable officials and employees at his local court, which somewhat resemble a downscaled version of the royal court with a local treasurer and many stewards and overseers. In the main chamber there is an autobiography of the deceased; it begins to the left of the entrance to the shrine and runs counterclockwise around the walls of the main chamber, ending to the right of the doorway


texts:
 leading to the shrine. The main types of information included are about the actions <mask> II performed during his lifetime, his family and their lives, as well as the close relationship of his family to the royal house, Khnumhotep's excellent character, and his request to visitors that offerings are made to him. On the west wall of the chamber are scenes showing mainly the preparations for the funeral and the resurrection of the deceased. This is exemplified by the boat voyages making a connection between Khnumhotep II and the god Osiris. The orientation of the boats within the tomb literally has them travel south to Abydos (right of the entrance) and north to return (left of the entrance).The wall collectively ensures the tomb owner of rebirth in the afterlife where he will be sustained through cult activities. On the eastern end of the north wall there is a large-scale standing figure of <mask> II receiving offerings primarily of several types of animals and birds. Procession of the Aamu

What makes this tomb stand out among the 39 large rock-cut tombs at Beni Hasan is the well known scene of the Aamu group from Shu, Asiatic nomadic traders who are sometimes considered Hyksos or at least their forerunners; the group, led by a man called Absha (or Abisha, Abishai), was bringing offerings to the deceased. Though there are fifteen people depicted in the scene, the accompanying inscription mentions there were 37 persons. The west end of the wall has another large-scale figure of <mask> II only here he is facing right and using a bow to hunt in the desert which is on the edge of the Egyptian world, the boundary between order (maat) and chaos. It has been

masks: Khnumhotep Khnumhotep Khnumhotep


texts:
 interpreted that in this scene <mask> <mask> is assuming the role of the king dominating over the chaotic power of the desert. The east wall houses the entrance to the shrine, as well as two large depictions of <mask> II hunting in the marshes, one on the north side and the other on the south side.To the south he is harpooning two fishes and to the north he is fowling with a throwing stick. These hunting in the marshes scenes help protect the deceased in the afterlife as well as guarantee his rebirth through connotations of sexuality. Beneath him, north of the door, there are pictures of several people fishing and beneath him on the south side are representations of fighting boatmen. Collectively this wall represents the perpetual renewal of Khnumhotep II. The fourth wall of this tomb, south wall, was dedicated to the celebration of the cult meal of Khnumhotep II and his wife Khety. The east end of the wall  features the deceased seated in front of an offering table covered with offerings holding a flail, traditionally seen as a symbol of royalty or divinity, in his right hand. At the west end of the wall there is an illustration of Khety sitting in front of a full offering table.She is facing left and participating in her husband's meal presented by his cult. The shrine portrays a smaller version of the offering cult and in many ways can be seen as an expansion from the false door of the Old Kingdom, where a statue inside a niche could have been integrated. The placing of statues in the chapel itself is a new funerary art style that appeared in the Middle Kingdom tombs. References

Further reading

Nomarchs
Officials of the Twelfth Dynasty of

masks: Khnumhotep II Khnumhotep


texts:
<mask>  (born May 25, 1979) is a Canadian retired ice hockey player and current associate head coach of the Concordia Stingers women's ice hockey program. She was a member of the Canadian national women's ice hockey team and a member of Canadiennes de Montreal in the Canadian Women's Hockey League. Among her many accomplishments are four Olympic gold medals, 12 IIHF Women's World Championship medals (six gold, six silver), 12 Four Nations Cup medals (eight gold, four silver) and four Clarkson Cup championships. <mask> is in the Top 10 in all-time NCAA scoring with 229 career points. She is a member of the Triple Gold Club (not officially recognized by the IIHF for women) as one of only three women to win the Clarkson Cup, an Olympic gold medal and an IIHF Women's World Championship gold medal. Along with teammates Jayna Hefford and Hayley Wickenheiser, <mask> is one of only five athletes to win gold in four consecutive Olympic games. Nicknamed Caro by her teammates, she started playing hockey at the age of nine.She is the co-founder of athletichub.com, which helps student-athletes navigate the recruitment process, and an ambassador for Right to Play and Carrément Rose. <mask> retired as a player from Canada's national women's team on September 25, 2018. Playing career

Named to 2014 Olympic roster for Canada. <mask> played for Team Quebec at the 1995 Canada Winter Games, and won gold for Canada's Under 18 team in 1997. When the Canadian Under 19 women's hockey team was founded on May 15, 1996, Ouellette was one of the played name to the team. One of her teammates was future Olympic speed skater Cindy Klassen. The head coach was Daniele Sauvageau Ouellette represented Team Quebec at the 1998 Esso women's hockey nationals.She scored a goal and two assists in the bronze medal game, as Team Quebec was awarded the Maureen McTeer Trophy.

masks:
Caroline Ouellette
Ouellette
Ouellette
Ouellette
Ouellette


texts:
 During the 2011 IIHF Eight Nations Tournament, <mask> assisted on all three goals as Canada defeated Finland by a 3–2 tally in round robin play. In the gold medal game of the 2011 Four Nations Cup, <mask> notched a goal in a 4–3 loss. <mask> has taken part in 3 Olympic Games, 9 World Championships and 9 Four Nations Cups. In 157 international games with Team Canada, <mask> has racked up 169 points. In a game versus Russia at the 2012 IIHF Women's World Championship, <mask> logged three assists in a 14–1 victory. <mask> would score the game-winning goal in overtime versus the United States in the final game at the 2012 IIHF Women's World Championship, as Canada claimed the gold medal.NCAA
<mask> attended the University of Minnesota Duluth and played for the Minnesota–Duluth Bulldogs women's ice hockey program. <mask> set an NCAA record for most shorthanded goals in one game with 2. This was accomplished on November 14, 2003 versus North Dakota. In the 2004–05 season, <mask> was a factor on more than 60 percent of goals scored by the Bulldogs. Among the top nine scorers on the Bulldogs, she had nine penalties, which were the fewest. Throughout her NCAA career, she never had double digits in penalties. By season's end, she was one of three finalists for the Patty Kazmaier Award.<mask> is ranked third in all-time leading scoring in Bulldogs history and was named to the WCHA All-Decade team in 2009. She joined the national team in 1999 and has won four world championships (1999, 2000, 2001 and 2004) and four Olympic gold medals with the team (2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014). CWHL

During the 2000–01 NWHL season, <mask> played with the Montreal Wingstar and finished third in league scoring with 53 points. She would also spend one season competing with the Minnesota Whitecaps in the former Western Women's Hockey League. In 2008–09, Ouellette

masks: Ouellette Ouellette Ouellette Ouellette Ouellette Ouellette Ouellette Ouellette Ouellette Ouellette Ouellette


texts:
 joined the Montreal Stars. She won CWHL Top Scorer of the Month honours in November (tying the league record with 19 points in just six games) and December. At year's end, she was named CWHL Most Valuable Player.By winning a third gold medal in women's Olympic hockey, she became the Bulldog hockey player with the most gold medals. By winning the 2009 Clarkson Cup, <mask> became an unofficial member of the Triple Gold Club (the accomplishment by women is not yet officially recognized by the IIHF), as she became one of only three women (at the time) to win the Clarkson Cup, a gold medal in ice hockey at the 2002 Winter Olympics, and a gold medal at the IIHF World Women's Championships. In 2010–11, <mask> won the Angela James Bowl as the CWHL's scoring leader with 68 points. She also became the first two-winner of the league's Most Valuable Player award. In the championship game of the 2011 Clarkson Cup, <mask> led all scorers with three points (one goal, two assists). On December 11, 2016, <mask> logged a pair of assists, eclipsing the 300-point mark. Of note, <mask> became the first player in the history of the CWHL to reach this plateau.Coaching career
For the 2007–2008 season, <mask> was an assistant coach with the University of Minnesota Duluth women's hockey team alongside American Olympic ice hockey player Julie Chu. With Hockey Canada, she was an assistant coach for the Women's National Under-18 Team for
a three-game series vs. the US in August 2008. She joined the coaching staff of the Concordia Stingers women's ice hockey program in the autumn of 2012. Personal life
<mask> graduated from the University of Minnesota Duluth in 2005 with a degree in criminology and women's studies, and she graduated from the National Police Academy in Quebec in 2000. She played for Quebec in softball at the 1997 Summer Canada Games. On

masks: Ouellette Ouellette Ouellette Ouellette Ouellette Ouellette Ouellette