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 office. <mask> first came to widespread public attention on October 6, 2008, when Paulson named him to this position. During his time running TARP he retained his title as Assistant Secretary for International Economics and Development, but his international affairs responsibilities were delegated to another Treasury official. Noticing a lack of necessary expertise in investment within Treasury, <mask> recruited new staff for the program, some from government and others from industry, ultimately hiring about 100 people by January 2009.<mask> also chaired the five-member investment committee within Treasury that decided which banks would receive TARP money. With Bush scheduled to leave office on January 20, 2009, following the November 2008 election, <mask>'s appointment was initially viewed as temporary. There were even plans to replace him before Bush left office. However, after Obama won the election, his transition team asked <mask> to remain at Treasury after the inauguration for a limited period. He left the Treasury Department on May 1, 2009, replaced at the helm of TARP by Herbert M. Allison. During his time heading TARP, <mask> was frequently called to testify before Congressional oversight panels. The House members would often question him hostilely over the politically unpopular program, but at least one, Representative Dennis Kucinich, assured <mask> privately that he thought <mask> was doing a great job.Another public critic, Representative Gregory Meeks, later thanked <mask> for his service. <mask> also won praise from Paulson and Timothy Geithner, Paulson's successor as Treasury Secretary and <mask>'s boss under the Obama administration. Neil Barofsky, who oversaw TARP within Treasury as a special inspector general, commended <mask>'s commitment to the job but criticized his actions. Elizabeth Warren, who headed TARP's Congressional Oversight Panel, later criticized <mask> for allegedly promising to focus on smaller banks shortly before Treasury announced additional measures to bail out Citigroup. <mask> later said that Bush not running for reelection allowed the government to "do things that were deeply unpopular but we knew were the right thing." Return to California
One

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type: original

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 week after his resignation, he and his wife moved to a cabin in rural Northern California near Lake Tahoe as part of what he called a "detox" from Washington. He worked on home improvement projects and helped Paulson write a memoir.In December 2009 <mask> was named a managing director at the investment firm Pimco, in charge of new investment initiatives. Pimco, which had traditionally focused on bonds, hired him to broaden its focus into equities; Pimco later named him global head of equities. <mask> had met Bill Gross, Pimco's co-founder, in December 2007 as part of his work at Treasury. <mask>'s move to Pimco attracted attention because Pimco benefited from the government takeover of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, though it did not receive TARP funds. The six equity mutual funds Pimco launched under <mask> all underperformed benchmarks in 2012. <mask> attributed this to the funds hedging risk, which decreases returns when stock prices increase. <mask> resigned from Pimco in January 2013, citing a desire to return to public service.He was expected to announce a campaign for elected office. In 2015, the Wall Street Journal said that "the performance of [Pimco equity] funds Mr. <mask> launched was spotty [and] the firm has since closed some of" them. Politics

2014 California gubernatorial campaign

<mask> has said he first considered running for Governor of California after Republican nominee Mitt Romney lost the 2012 presidential election to Obama. He spent the year after his resignation from Pimco preparing to campaign in the 2014 gubernatorial election, touring the state, hiring a staff, and meeting with potential donors. He announced his candidacy on January 21, 2014, citing jobs and education as his top priorities. It was his first run for elected office. He finished second to incumbent governor Jerry Brown in the nonpartisan blanket primary and lost to Brown in the November general election.After the campaign, <mask> published "Lessons from the Trail," a firsthand account of what he learned from his gubernatorial campaign to help future candidates. Primary election

Brown was widely expected to finish first in the primary, so <mask>'s principal opponent at this stage was his main

masks: Kashkari Kashkari Kashkari Kashkari Kashkari Kashkari Kashkari Kashkari Kashkari Kashkari


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 rival for second place, Republican state assemblyman Tim Donnelly. <mask> was seen as a fiscal conservative and social moderate, while Donnelly identified with the right-wing Tea Party movement. <mask> enjoyed a significant funding advantage over Donnelly. He raised $1 million within two weeks of announcing his candidacy and went on to raise a total of US$4.1 million, including $2 million of his own money. Republican donors Charles Munger Jr. and Robert Addison Day also spent $400,000 supporting <mask> through an independent expenditure committee. Donnelly raised only $447,000 in 2014.For most of the race, <mask> trailed Donnelly in public opinion polls. <mask>'s moderate views on social issues, involvement with TARP, and vote for Obama in 2008 were unpopular with many Republican voters, who were more enthusiastic about Donnelly. Other Republicans feared that if Donnelly advanced to the general election he would not only lose to Brown but also hurt other Republicans running for office because of his narrow appeal to white conservatives, staunch right-wing views, inflammatory rhetoric, and criminal record. The perceived threat from Donnelly attracted endorsements for <mask> from national Republicans including Romney, Jeb Bush, Condoleezza Rice, and Karl Rove, as well as California Republicans including Pete Wilson and Darrell Issa. These advantages allowed <mask> not to campaign farther right than he wanted to. <mask>'s fundraising advantage allowed him pay for more advertising in the last weeks of the race. The first poll showing him ahead of Donnelly came out days before the election.In the June 3 primary, <mask> came in second with 19% of the vote, and Donnelly came in third with 15%. Brown beat them both, with 55%. General election

Brown, a Democrat, was long considered the favorite to win the general election. His approval ratings were high, and as of the end of the primary his campaign had US$21 million. <mask>, by contrast, spent almost all his campaign money to beat Donnelly, and additional financial support from the national or state Republican Parties was unlikely. <mask> cited George W. Bush's upset victory over Ann Richards in the 1994 election for Governor of Texas as a

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 model for an upset against a popular Democratic governor. <mask> lost the November 4, 2014 general election to Governor Jerry Brown by approximately 1.4 million votes, with Brown winning 60% of the vote.Brown won the largest gubernatorial victory since 1986 despite running a low-key campaign. Record of voting

The San Francisco Chronicle reported in January 2014 that, since 1998, <mask> had been eligible to vote in 23 elections in California and Pennsylvania but had only voted in 13 (i.e., 57%) of them. His campaign disputed some aspects of the reporting and said that <mask>'s Treasury Department service proves his commitment to civic life. <mask> later acknowledged his imperfect voting record. Political positions
<mask> has been a Republican his whole life. In a 2008 speech to the American Enterprise Institute, <mask> described himself as "a free-market Republican." In 2013, he described himself as a "pro-growth Republican".He opposes most of Obama's economic agenda and supports cutting business regulations. He has called for cutting Social Security and Medicare and replacing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. In 2012, he voted against California's Proposition 30, which raised taxes in the state, and for Proposition 32, which would have weakened labor unions' political influence. In a March 2014 interview, he praised Wisconsin governor Scott Walker's controversial policies limiting collective bargaining. On social issues, he has described himself as libertarian and "a different kind of Republican", supporting abortion rights, same-sex marriage, and a path to legal status for illegal immigrants. He voted against California's Proposition 8, which banned same-sex marriage in 2008. In 2013, he was one of 131 Republicans who signed a pro-marriage equality amicus curiae brief submitted to the U.S. Supreme Court as part of Hollingsworth v. Perry, the case in which the final appeal against the previously-found unconstitutionality of Proposition 8 was rejected for lack of standing.<mask> owns four guns and considers waiting periods and background checks before purchasing a firearm to be reasonable. On environmental issues, he voted against California's Proposition 23, which would

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 have suspended the state law that limits greenhouse gas emissions. He believes climate change is real and man-made. He has spoken positively of fracking and offshore oil drilling and negatively of California's cap-and-trade program. <mask> cites Paulson, Mitch Daniels, and Jeb Bush as political mentors. He voted for Obama in the 2008 presidential election and Romney in the 2012 election. In March 2014, <mask> proposed waiving state income taxes for 10 years for businesses that move to California with at least 100 jobs; waiving state income taxes for California companies that build new manufacturing plants in the state; expanding hydraulic fracturing (fracking) of oil deposits; reducing environmental regulation; and increasing water storage in response to the state's ongoing drought.Economists and political experts interviewed by the Los Angeles Times were skeptical of the plan's chances in the Democratic-dominated California Legislature and of its potential effectiveness were it to be passed. In January 2020, <mask> and Alan Page proposed amending a portion of the Minnesota State Constitution to read, "All children have a fundamental right to a quality public education that fully prepares them." At a January 2021 Minneapolis Federal Reserve event on racism and the economy, <mask> commented on the contrast between how the rioters at the U.S. Capitol were treated compared to black Americans, saying, "If those were Black militants, armed militants, storming the U.S. Capitol, I think they’d all be dead right now [ . . .] That is the most stark example of racism and disparities in our society.”

Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis

In early November 2015 <mask> was named president and CEO of the Minneapolis Fed. He was chosen by the Minneapolis bank board (excepting representatives from the financial industry), approved 5–0 by the Federal Reserve Board in Washington and assumed the Minneapolis position on January 1, 2016. With the presidents of the New York (William C. Dudley), Dallas (Robert Steven Kaplan) and Philadelphia (Patrick T. Harker) regional Fed banks, <mask> will become the fourth sitting regional Fed chief to have Goldman Sachs on his resume. Kaplan and Harker both assumed their

masks: Kashkari Kashkari Kashkari Kashkari Kashkari Kashkari


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 positions in 2015.On February 16, 2016 while giving a speech at the Brookings Institution, <mask> recommended that in order to stave another potential financial meltdown, the big banks should be broken up, saying, "I believe the biggest banks are still too big to fail and continue to pose a significant, ongoing risk to our economy." Personal life
<mask> is a practicing Hindu. He said in 2009 that he began praying while working on TARP, having been especially affected when a colleague had a heart attack at work. <mask> met his ex-wife Minal Jeshanker (now Kotterman) in college at the University of Illinois. They married in a traditional North Indian Hindu ceremony in Chicago, and she supported him through his time at Wharton while working as an engineer at Lockheed Martin <mask> filed for divorce in November 2011 and later described the split as amicable. They have no children. <mask> married Christine Ong in California’s Sugar Pine Point State Park in August 2015.In February 2019, <mask> and Ong welcomed their first child, a baby girl named Ulysses Sabine. See also
 List of Indian Americans
 List of U.S. executive branch czars
 List of Wharton School alumni

References

Works cited
 Andrew Ross Sorkin. Too Big to Fail. Penguin Books, 2009, 2010. External links

 Sunrayce 97 results

1973 births
American aerospace businesspeople
Engineers from California
American Hindus
American investment bankers
American politicians of Indian descent
American people of Kashmiri descent
Businesspeople from Akron, Ohio
California Republicans
Economy of Minneapolis
Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis presidents
George W. Bush administration personnel
Goldman Sachs people
Living people
Obama administration personnel
Ohio Republicans
Politicians from Akron, Ohio
People from Akron, Ohio
People from Irvine, California
People from Laguna Beach, California
People from Redondo Beach, California
People from Stow, Ohio
People from Truckee, California
Troubled Asset Relief Program
United States Department of the Treasury officials
Grainger College of Engineering alumni
Western Reserve Academy alumni
Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania alumni
Asian-American people in Ohio politics
California


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<mask> II,  (; also known as Nkhotfotjeni, Mona; 22 July 1899 – 21 August 1982) was the Paramount Chief and later Ngwenyama of Swaziland for 82 years and 254 days, the longest verifiable reign of any monarch in recorded history. <mask> was born on 22 July 1899 at Zombodze Royal Residence, the son of Inkhosikati Lomawa Ndwandwe and King Ngwane V. When he was only four months old, his father died suddenly while dancing incwala. <mask> was chosen king soon after that and his grandmother Labotsibeni and his uncle Prince Malunge led the Swazi nation until his maturity in 1921. <mask> led Swaziland through independence until his death in 1982. He was succeeded by <mask>, his young son with Inkhosikati Ntfombi Tfwala, who was crowned in 1986. Early life and education

<mask> was born in Zombodze on 22 July 1899. He ascended to the throne after the death of his father, Ngwane V, as King of Swaziland on 10 December 1899, when he was only four months old.He was educated at the Swazi National School, Zombodze, and at the Lovedale Institution in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, before assuming the Swazi throne as paramount chief at the age of twenty-two. His grandmother, Labotsibeni Mdluli, served as regent throughout his youth, formally transferring power to the Ngwenyama on 22 December 1921. Before assuming his royal duties, he studied anthropology in England. Kingship

<mask>'s direct reign would endure more than 60 years (1921–82), during which he presided over Swaziland's independence from the United Kingdom in 1968, after which the British government recognised him as King of Swaziland (Eswatini). Early in his reign, <mask> sought to address the problem of land partition and deprivation instituted by the British authorities in 1907. He did so by first leading a delegation to London to meet with King George V and petition him to restore the lands to the

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texts: Swazi people. He again took his case on the land issue in 1929 to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.He was defeated by the terms of the Foreign Jurisdictions Act 1890, which effectively placed the actions of British administrations in protectorates beyond the reach of the British courts. <mask>'s role during this colonial period was for the most part ceremonial, but he still had major influence as a traditional head of the Swazi nation. In 1934, he received the anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski. In 1953, he attended the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in London. In the early 1960s <mask> played a major role in events that led to independence for his country in 1968. He opposed the post-colonial Westminster constitution proposed by the British government, in which he was assigned the role of constitutional monarch. As a consequence, acting through his advisory council, he formed the Imbokodvo National Movement, a political party, which contested and won all seats in the 1967 pre-independence elections.He became recognized by the British as King of Swaziland in 1967 when Swaziland was given direct rule. Independence was achieved on 6 September 1968. Following this, <mask> skilfully blended appeal to tribal custom with a capacity to manage economic and social change for his kingdom. On 12 April 1973, the king repealed the constitution and dissolved parliament, henceforth exercising power as an absolute ruler. In 1978 a new constitution was promulgated which provided for an elaborate reversion to a tribal mode of rule involving an electoral college of eighty members chosen by forty local councils known as tinkhundla, dominated by tribal elements. The Swazi economy prospered under <mask>'s leadership. Swaziland is rich in natural resources, and much of the land and mineral wealth originally owned by non-Swazi interests was brought under

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 indigenous control during <mask>'s reign.Later life and death

<mask> celebrated his Diamond Jubilee in 1981. At this time, he had successfully restored and indeed strengthened the monarch's role as the chief arbiter of decision-making in his kingdom. In the early 1980s King <mask> attempted to acquire control over KaNgwane, a Bantustan set up by the South African government in an attempt to reunite all Swazi people separated by the colonial boundary. He died on 21 August 1982 at Embo State house at the age of 83. <mask>'s official incumbency of 82 years and 254 days is the longest precisely dated monarchical reign on record and the world's longest documented reign of any sovereign since antiquity. Only Pepi <mask> of Ancient Egypt and Taejo of the ancient Korean kingdom of Goguryeo are claimed to have reigned longer, though these claims are disputed. Family and succession

Known by the honorific "Bull of Swazi" by virtue of his numerous progeny, King Sobhuza continued the tribal practice of maintaining many consorts.According to the Swaziland National Trust Commission, King <mask> II had 70 wives, who gave him 210 children between 1920 and 1970. About 180 children survived infancy, and 97 sons and daughters were reported living as of 2000. At his death he had more than 1,000 grandchildren. <mask> died in 1982, having appointed Prince Sozisa Dlamini to serve as 'Authorized Person', advising a regent. Selection of a successor was confirmed only after King <mask>'s death, a regent being necessary if the heir remained under age at that time. By tradition, the regent would be one of the queens consort who had borne the late king a son. The first regent was Queen Dzeliwe, but after a power struggle Sozisa deposed her and she was replaced by Queen Ntfombi.During this period Andy Warhol boosted her renown, and that of Swaziland, by including her

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 portrait along with those of <mask> of the Commonwealth Realms, Beatrix of the Netherlands and Margrethe <mask> of Denmark in his Reigning Queens series. Ntombi reigned on behalf of her young son by King <mask>, Prince Makhosetive Dlamini, who was designated as Crown Prince or Umntfwana. He was crowned King Mswati III in 1986. One of <mask>'s sons-in-law was the late Goodwill Zwelithini kaBhekuzulu, King of the Zulus of South Africa, who married the Swazi king's daughter, Princess Mantfombi (born at Siteki in 1956, betrothed in 1973), at Nongoma in June 1977. Another in-law is Zenani Mandela, the daughter of former South African President Nelson Mandela, who belonged to a cadet branch of the Thembu dynasty which reigns as paramount chiefs in the Transkei. She wed <mask>'s son, Prince Thumbumuzi Dlamini who, although an older half-brother of Mswati and Mantfombi, did not inherit the Swazi throne, instead launching, with his wife, an enterprise in the United States. Honours

National honours

  Grand Master of the Royal Order of the King <mask> II (Kingdom of Swaziland, 1975).Foreign honours

  Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire, Civil Division (KBE) (United Kingdom, 1 January 1966). (Hon. CBE: 8 June 1950, Hon. OBE: 11 May 1937). Supreme Companion of the Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo [posthumous] (Republic of South Africa, 20 April 2006). See also

 Politics of Swaziland
 List of people with the most children

References

External links

 History of His Majesty, King Sobuza II
 King <mask> II—portrait of <mask> II of Swaziland by South African artist Neville Lewis

1899 births
1982 deaths
19th-century monarchs in Africa
Child rulers from sub-Saharan Africa
Flag designers
Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Recipients of the Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo
Swazi monarchs
World War II political

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texts: <mask> (born 1969) is an English award-winning author and broadcaster. Her first book, The Woman Who Saved the Children: A Biography of Eglantyne Jebb (Oneworld, 2009) republished in 2019 to mark the centenary of Save the Children, won the Daily Mail Biographer's Club Prize. The Spy Who Loved: The Secrets and Lives of Christine Granville, Britain's First Female Special Agent of the Second World War (Macmillan, 2013) led to Mulley receiving Poland's National cultural honour, the Bene Merito, and has been widely translated. <mask>'s third book, The Women Who Flew for Hitler (Macmillan, 2017), a joint biography of two women at the heart of the Third Reich but who ended their lives on opposite sides of history, was long listed for the Historical Writers Association Non-Fiction Crown. All the books have been optioned for film or TV. Mulley is a regular contributor to TV history series for the BBC, Channel 5, Channel 4 and the History Channel, while also contributing to Newsnight, Songs of Praise, various news programmes, and radio including the Today Programme, Woman's Hour and Great Lives and PM. A seasoned public speaker and literary chair, she has given aTEDx at Stormont, and spoken at the House of Lords, Imperial War Museum, National Army Museum, Special Forces Club, British Library and Warsaw Uprising Museum.She is an honorary patron of the Wimpole History Festival, and also lectures on the women of SOE for the Andante group travel company Historical Trips. Mulley writes and reviews non-fiction for The Spectator, BBC History magazine, The Telegraph and other titles. She has served as Chair of the Judges for the Historical Writers Association Non-Fiction Crown in 2017, and again in 2021. <mask> <mask> was born in 1969 in Luton, England. In 2006 she graduated from the University of London with a

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Clare Margaret Mulley
Mulley
Life Clare
Mulley


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 distinction for her master's degree in Social and Cultural History. Her dissertation was on Affection or Affectation: The Role and Rhetoric of Maternalism in the Development of Women's Social Action in Victorian Britain. Before writing, Mulley worked with Save the Children and Sightsavers International.She has also served as a member of the advisory board of the World Development Movement, a British NGO which campaigns on issues of global justice and development in southern countries identified according to the global North–South divide, and as a trustee of the national charity, Standing Together against Domestic Violence. Mulley is a member of the Historical Writers Association, Women's History Network, Royal Society of Literature, Biographer's Club, Society of Authors, English PEN, Fawcett Society, Writers Against Racism and National Secular Society. <mask> lives in Essex, England, with her husband, the artist Ian Wolter, their three daughters & hairy lurcher. Works

The Woman Who Saved the Children (Eglantyne Jebb)
While working for Save the Children, Mulley was introduced to the life of Victorian-era British social reformer Eglantyne Jebb. Her biography The Woman Who Saved the Children: A Biography of Eglantyne Jebb (Oneworld, 2009). It was 1919 when Eglantyne Jebb was arrested in Trafalgar Square for distributing humanitarian leaflets, and few in London were sympathetic to a woman hoping to help the children of Britain’s former enemies. Nevertheless within weeks Jebb secured the first donation to her ‘Save the Children’ fund from the public prosecutor at her trial.Five years later, she drafted the pioneering statement of children’s human rights that has since evolved into the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, the most universally accepted human rights instrument in history. Yet she was


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 never particularly fond of individual children, ‘the little wretches’ as she once called them. Eglantyne’s story is one of passion, compassion and pioneering leadership in the face of national opposition. The biography was published in 2009, to coincide with the 90th anniversary of Save the Children and the 20th anniversary of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. The book was published to critical acclaim and then-UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown called it a "truly brilliant book". Reportedly, Brown read the book while away on holiday and was moved to offer the unsolicited review. The biography won the Daily Mail Biographer's Club prize.The book was republished to mark the centenary of Save the Children in 2019, has been translated into Korean and Spanish, and is under option. As noted on the copyright page of the book, all of the author's royalties are donated to Save the Children's international programmes. The Spy Who Loved (Krystyna Skarbek a.k.a. Christine Granville)
In 2012 Macmillan published <mask>'s biography, The Spy Who Loved: the Secrets and Lives of Christine Granville, Britain's First Female Special Agent of World War II. Churchill called her his favourite spy, and part-Jewish, Polish-born Countess Krystyna Skarbek, aka Christine Granville, was Britain’s first and longest serving female special agent of the Second World War. Despite being arrested more than once, Skarbek used her guile to save not only her own life, but also those of many of her male colleagues in three different theatres of the war. It was her service behind enemy lines in Nazi-occupied France that made her legendary among the special forces however.Not only did she make the first contact between the French resistance and the Italian partisans on opposite sides of the Alps in preparation for D Day in the south,


texts:
 she also secured the defection of an entire German garrison on a strategic pass in the mountains. Awarded the OBE, the George Medal, and French Croix de Guerre, her tragic early death made the papers around the world, yet her true story was kept hidden. The book received excellent reviews in the British, American, Canadian and Polish press. Nigel Jones

The biography has now been published in Britain, the USA (St Martin's 2013), Poland, Hungary, Russia, China and Italy, and is under option. In 2013 Mulley was awarded with the Bene Merito honorary distinction by the then Foreign Minister of the Republic of Poland, Radoslaw Sikorski. In September 2020, after a six year campaign, <mask> unveiled an English Heritage Blue Plaque to Krystyna Skarbek at her last London address, 1 Lexham Gardens Hotel, South Kensington, London. The Women Who Flew for Hitler (Hanna Reitsch and Melitta von Stauffenberg)
Mulley's most recent work, "The Women Who Flew for Hitler" was published by Macmillan in the UK and St Martin's Press in the USA, in 2017, and since in Poland, Finland, the Czech Republic and China.The books was long listed for the Historical Writers Association Non-fiction Crown, and is under option. Hanna Reitsch and Melitta von Stauffenberg defied gender expectation to become leading test pilots for the Third Reich during the Second World War. Both became Honorary Flight Captains, and both were awarded the Iron Cross for their service. Yet although both were motivated by deeply held convictions about honour and patriotism, their contrasting views on the Nazi regime meant they ended their lives on opposites sides of history. 'Vividly drawn... this is a thrilling story' wrote Anne Sebba in The Telegraph, while The Times called the book 'popular history of a high order', and The Spectator thought it was 'well


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 researched and beautifully written'. A critic for The Literary Review judged it 'Superb and beautifully written, well paced and full of drama', . Awards and Honours
 Winner of the Daily Mail Biographers Club Prize for biography of Eglantyne Jebb, The Woman Who Saved the Children (2007).Awarded the Bene Merito cultural honour of the Republic of Poland (2014). Long listed for the Historical Writers Association Non-Fiction Crown for The Women Who Flew for Hitler (2018). Bibliography
 <mask>, The Woman Who Saved the Children: A Biography of Eglantyne Jebb (Oneworld Publications, 2009) . <mask>, contribution to: Carole Angier and Sally Cline, eds., The Arvon Book of Life Writing: Writing Biography, Autobiography and Memoir (Methuen Drama, 2010) . <mask>, The Spy Who Loved: the Secrets and Lives of Christine Granville, Britain's First Female Special Agent of World War II (Macmillan, 2012) . <mask>, 'Introduction', Xan Fielding, Hide and Seek: Story of a Wartime Agent (Folio, 2014)
 <mask>, 'Remembering the contribution of the Jewish Female Special Agents of the Second World War' in Jewish Lives, Public Service (Jewish Museum, London, 2017)
 <mask>, The Women Who Flew for Hitler: The True Story of Hitler's Valkyries (Macmillan, 2018)
 <mask>, 'Introduction', Bradl (Warsaw uprising Museum, 2019)
 <mask>, 'Introduction', Forgotten Force, Polish Women in the Second World War (The Piłsidski Institute, London, 2020)
 <mask>, 'Historical Context', Lili Stern-Pohlmann (Holland House, 2020)

Notes

External links
 <mask> official website
 New York Times review of The Spy Who Loved
 The Spectator review of The Spy Who Loved
 The Telegraph review of The Spy Who Loved

1969 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of London
British non-fiction writers
British women writers
People from Luton
21st-century British

masks:
Clare Mulley
Clare Mulley
Clare Mulley
Clare Mulley
Clare Mulley
Clare Mulley
Clare Mulley
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Clare Mulley
Clare Mulley


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<mask> bin <mask> (Jawi: ; 10 January 1931 – 12 February 2015) was a Malaysian politician and Muslim cleric. He was the Menteri Besar of Kelantan from 1990 to 2013 and the Mursyidul Am or Spiritual Leader of the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) from 1991 until his death in 2015. Overall, his career as an elected politician lasted for some 48 years following his election to the Parliament of Malaysia in 1967. Early life
<mask> was born in Kota Bharu in 1931 as the second of five siblings. He was raised by a single father (Tok Kura) who was an aspiring blacksmith. <mask>'s Islamic studies began in pondok schools in Kelantan and Terengganu. He went on to study at Darul Uloom Deoband in Uttar Pradesh, India for five years.He obtained his Bachelor of Arts in Arabic Studies and Master of Arts in Islamic jurisprudence from Al-Azhar University, Egypt. During his university studies, he was one of the witnesses and a civilian to have lived in the heat of the Arab-Israeli Conflict. Having returned from Egypt, <mask> worked as a teacher at various religious schools in Kelantan including his father's pondok (religious school). <mask> started to teach at various mosques and Pondok within Kelantan and other states. He became a respected Islamic scholar earning the nickname "Tok Guru." (means 'Master/sifu of Scholar or teacher' in Malay)

Political career
<mask> joined PAS in 1967. He contested and won the Kelantan Hilir parliamentary seat by-election in that same year, and held the seat (later renamed Pengkalan Chepa) until 1986.In 1982, he was part of a movement by young members to bring change to the party leadership. PAS had lost the Kelantan state elections in 1978 and, as PAS state commissioner, <mask> began to question president Asri Muda's leadership. Finally, in the PAS Muktamar (General Assembly) that year, Asri was forced to resign. After stepping aside from federal politics, <mask> won a seat in the Kelantan State Assembly in the 1986 general elections. In 1990, PAS

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Nik Abdul Aziz
Nik Mat
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 managed to wrest control of Kelantan back from Barisan Nasional. In his capacity as party leader in the state, <mask> became Menteri Besar of Kelantan. He succeeded Yusof Rawa as spiritual leader of PAS in 1991.<mask>'s government was re-elected on four occasions (1995, 1999, 2004, 2008), until his retirement in 2013. During the 1990s, his administration in Kelantan frequently clashed on the role of Islam in Malaysia with the then Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad. In contrast with the racially exclusive ruling party UMNO, he openly rejected communal politics. <mask> commanded support from a large number of non-Muslims in Malaysia and played a leading role during PAS' increase in popularity among non-Muslims. In May 2013, <mask> publicly stated that he did not consent on any co-operation between United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) and Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) as long as he was alive. However, in September 2019, when PAS and UMNO signed the formal charter of alliance, PAS president <mask> Awang claimed that <mask> had already consented to the cooperation while he was alive. Issues

Hardline views
<mask> drew some criticism for his hardline Islamic views.His advocacy of Islamic shariah law for all Malay Muslims drew criticism. According to Fox News, <mask> suggested that women would be at a lower risk of being raped if they abandoned using their lipstick and perfume. He was also recorded once stating that fashionable and sexy-dressing women deserved to be raped during a speech. The "Allah" issue
In 2012, there was an issue of Catholics in Malaysia using the Arabic term for "God"; "Allah" in their Christian Bible. Initially, <mask> stated that the word "Allah" can be used by non-Muslims as the origin of the word itself is evidently pre-Islamic. The issue caused a stir in the Muslim community. The PAS party was almost divided into two blocs; one that supported the use of the word, and one that did not.Aiming to restore unity in PAS, <mask> took back his words and

masks:
Nik Aziz
Nik Aziz
Nik Aziz
Nik Aziz
Abdul Hadi
Nik Aziz
Nik Aziz
Nik Aziz
Nik Aziz
Nik Aziz


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 disapproved of the word "Allah" being used by non-Muslims. Son detained under ISA
His son <mask> was held under the Malaysian Internal Security Act in 2001 for alleged terrorist activities including planning jihad, possession of weapons, and membership in the Kumpulan Mujahidin Malaysia (KMM), an Islamist extremist group. After 5 years in detention without trial, he was released. Retirement and death
During the 2013 election, PAS once again won a majority of seats to form a Kelantan state government. <mask> announced his retirement as Chief Minister of Kelantan, the post he held since 1990. His successor is <mask>'s former deputy Chief Minister Ahmad Yaakob, who took over his office to replace him as Kelantan's Chief Minister. Over the ensuing two years, <mask> became increasingly ill with prostate cancer, and died on  at 9.40 p.m. Malaysia Standard Time (UTC+08:00); at his residence in Kampung Pulau Melaka, Kota Bharu.The following day, more than 10,000 people attended his funeral at Masjid Tok Guru, his local mosque. His death triggered the Kelantan State Assembly seat of 2015 Chempaka by-election. Election results

Note: 1  PAS were in the Alliance (1972–1973) and later Barisan Nasional (1973–1978) coalition government. Honours

Honours of Malaysia
  :
  Officer of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (KMN) (1974)
  :
  Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Life of the Crown of Kelantan (SJMK) – Dato' (1995)

References

External links

Official Blog of Tok Guru Nik Aziz Nik Mat

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Chief Ministers of Kelantan
Malaysian academics
Sunni Muslim scholars
1931 births
2015 deaths
Kelantan state executive councillors
Members of the Kelantan State Legislative Assembly
Al-Azhar University alumni
Malaysian Muslims
Members of the Dewan Rakyat
Malaysian Islamic Party politicians
Malaysian people of Malay descent
People from Kelantan
People from Kota Bharu
Deaths from prostate cancer
20th-century Malaysian politicians
21st-century Malaysian

masks:
Nik Adli
Nik Aziz
Nik Aziz
Nik Aziz


texts: <mask> ( born 23 July 1946) HI, SI, FPAS, is a Pakistani mathematician and a prominent cosmologist, specialised in mathematical physics and physical cosmology. He is considered one of the top mathematicians in Pakistan. He is the chairman of the Mathematics Department, and the director of School of Natural Sciences (SNS) at the National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST). He is a distinguished student of English mathematical physicist Roger Penrose. He made extraordinary efforts and published numerous papers in the fields of Mathematical physics, Cosmology and Mathematics. Qadir has made important and significant contributions to the fields of differential equations, theoretical cosmology and the mathematical physics. He has written and edited a number of books, mainly focusing on mathematical sciences and mathematical physics.<mask> is author of the book "Relativity: An Introduction to the Special Theory" which has been translated in several different languages and is widely read by science students in colleges throughout Asia. He has attended more than 100 International and National Conferences and Seminars in the fields of Mathematics, Physics, Economics and the History and Philosophy of Science. He has published more than 140 research papers. He is the author of 12 books, 22 research level articles, 7 teaching journal papers, 32 popular articles, and 48 research preprints. He is noted for his work in mathematics and mathematical physics, in particular his contributions to general relativity and cosmology. <mask> <mask> is the son of Manzur Kadir who was the famous Pakistani jurist in 1960s and served as foreign minister in Ayub khan’s cabinet from 1958 to 1962. He is thus the grandson

masks:
Asghar Qadir
Qadir
Asghar
Qadir


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 of Sir <mask>.From his mother’s side he is related to Sir Fazal Hussain another famous politician from Punjab and founder of Unionist Party. His mother’s name was <mask>. Biography
<mask> <mask> was born in Simla (now Shimla) of British Indian Empire in 1946 to a middle-class family. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, <mask>'s family migrated to Lahore, West Pakistan, where they were settled in a house provided by the Government of Pakistan. In 1963, Qadir travelled to United Kingdom on a Commonwealth scholarship which he applied and qualified for. In 1963, Qadir attended the University of London and received his BSc(Hons) in Mathematics from the University of London in 1967 under the direction of mathematician Professor Oliver Penrose. The same year, he became an A.R.S.C and also obtained his BS in Physics and DIC in Mathematics.In 1969, Qadir pursued his MSc in Mathematics, followed by PhD in Mathematical physics and Theory of relativity with the specialisation in Twistor theory, under the supervision of Roger Penrose in 1971. He pioneered the mathematical contributions to the development of Special relativity and the twistor theory, which is the approach to the problems of fundamental physics pioneered by Roger Penrose. Rutherford High Energy Laboratory
Qadir became a research associate and fellow at the Rutherford High Energy Laboratory (it is now known as Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL)) where he continued his research in the field of advanced computational mathematics. There, he worked in a complex mathematical applications arise in the theory of nuclear fission at the ISIS neutron source – a neutron scattering facility that mathematically studies the structure and behaviour of

masks:
Abdul Qadir
Asghari
Asghar
Qadir
Qadir


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 nuclear materials in a fission process. However, in early 1971, he came back to Pakistan and joined Quaid-e-Azam University as a research associate. In 1982, he became associate professor and then subsequently became a chairman of the department of mathematics in 1986. Academic career
While in Pakistan, in the midst of the Indo-Pak War of 1971, Qadir was serving as a senior research associate at the University of Islamabad.After the Multan meeting, held on 20 January 1972, Qadir's colleagues and peers had quietly disappeared from campus. Qadir's close friend Riazuddin invited by him to Nilore to continue and carry out his advanced research at the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC). As an eminent and noted mathematician, Qadir was given the task to calculate critical mass and the physics cross-section calculations. Qadir, at first, adopted the Monte Carlo method for evaluating complicated mathematical integrals that arise in the theory of nuclear chain reactions. The mathematical calculations were brought up to Riazuddin, but Riazuddin already adopted the method earlier. Despite Riazuddin's and his calculations, Qadir then approached a better method to develop the fission device. He then suggested adopting the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm using the Monte Carlo integration that arises in the theory of nuclear fusion and thermonuclear fission that can improve the intensity and frequency of the highly compressed shock waves, using the uranium reflector in a nuclear device.Then, Qadir opted the Pati–Salam model for solving the fission problem and suggested that the Salam's model can be used to develop an effective boosted fissionable reflector in a device. Qadir then continued to develop


texts: mathematical models and to evaluate critical mass problems. Riazuddin introduced Qadir to Salam where Salam encourages Qadir to research in mathematical physics in more depth. Under Riazuddin and Salam, Qadir specialized in the theory of Special relativity, mathematics of particle physics, and mathematical economics including quantum economics. In 1976, Qadir joined Quaid-e-Azam University's Department of Mathematics as an associate professor. In 1983, Qadir became chairman of the Department of Mathematics at the Quaid-i-Azam University. In 1986, Riazuddin invited Qadir to Trieste, Italy to join International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) where he carried out his research in special and general theory of relativity.At ICTP, he taught the advanced course of differential equations, Special functions, Upper and lower bounds on Entropy and the Number Theory. In 1988, after researching at ICTP under Abdus Salam, Qadir re-joined Qau and became full professor of Mathematics. In 1989, Qadir published a book on Special relativity through World Scientific. Qadir provided simple representation of details of calculations and its extension into theory of motion. Through his text book, Qadir briefly discussed and introduced the Special Relativity for extension into General Relativity. In 1993, he was asked by the President, Ghulam Ishaq Khan (late), to teach in the then newly founded research institute at Topi, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology. In 1994, he went to Saudi Arabia where he visited his lifelong friend Riazuddin where, on his friend's recommendation, joined King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals where he served as a chairman of Department of Mathematics


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 and Statistics.In 1998, Qadir came back to Pakistan and re-joined Quaid-e-Azam University as an associate professor of mathematics. The same year, Qadir joined the PAEC and became director-general of the Mathematical Physics Group where he was instrumental for leading the mathematical studies in the foundation of mathematical physics. Qadir became involved in a team preparing the nuclear device in Chagai and eye-witnessed the country's first nuclear tests (See Chagai-I and Chagai-II) where he was the director of the team leading the mathematical calculations to determine the yield. As part of his contribution, the Government of Pakistan conferred Qadir with civilian award, Sitara-e-Imtiaz, and earned the national fame. In 1999, Qadir became the Dean of Faculty of Natural Sciences which he continued till 2000. In 2004, he served as the head of the Department of Mathematics at the Quaid-e-Azam University. Recently, he moved to Rawalpindi and joined the National University of Sciences and Technology as the director of Center for Advanced Mathematics and Physics.Awards and honours
Hilal-i-Imtiaz, Government of Pakistan (2008)
 Sitara-i-Imtiaz, Government of Pakistan (1999)
 Gold Medal, Pakistan Academy of Sciences (1996)
 Khwarizmi First Prize, by Government of Iran (1995)
 Prize, National Book Council of Pakistan, (1991)
 Senior Fulbright Fellowship, University of Texas at Austin, Texas, USA, (1987)
 Fulbright Hayes Award (1979)
 First prize in General Knowledge Contest for High School Students (1961);
ISESCO Award for Mathematics (2003)

Fellowships and memberships
 Senior research fellow at Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE), from 1980 to 1994
 Joint secretary at Al-Kindi Society for


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 the Advancement of the Philosophy of Science, Islamabad, Pakistan, (1980)
Associate member and senior associate of the International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy, 1980–1999
 Life member and vice-president, Albert Einstein Society (Pakistan Chapter) (1985 to date)
 Life member, joint secretary and secretary, Pakistan Physical Society. (1992 and 1993)
 Life member and president, Fulbright Alumni Association, (1992–1993)

Books
International Symposium on Experimental Gravitation (1994) by Munawar Karim and <mask> Qadir
5th International Summer College on Physics and Contemporary Needs (1990)
Relativity: An Introduction to the Special Theory by <mask> <mask>
 12th Regional Conference On Mathematical Physics (2008) by Aslam, M Jamil, Hussain, Faheem, <mask>, Asghar
 Gravitational Wave Sources May Be "Further" Than We Think by <mask> Qadir
 On Quantum Effects Near a Black Hole Singularity (2008) by <mask> <mask>, <mask>, Azad A. Siddiqui
 Mathematical physics: proceedings of the 12th Regional Conference by Riazuddin, Asghar Qadir, Faheem Hussain, Hamid Saleem, M. Jamil Aslam. See also
 Roger Penrose
 Riazuddin
 Oliver Penrose
 Partial Differential Equation
 University of Islamabad
 National University of Sciences and Technology
 Muhammad Sharif
Ismat Beg

References

External links
 MIT Page of Asghar Qadir
 Pakistan Academy of Sciences page on Professor Asghar Qadir
 Pakistan Mathematical Society

1946 births
Pakistani Muslims
Project-706
Pakistani relativity theorists
Academics of Imperial College London
Alumni of the University of London
PDE theorists
Living people
Muhajir people
Pakistani textbook writers
Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission people
Monte Carlo

masks: Asghar Asghar Qadir Qadir Asghar Asghar Qadir Asghar


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 methodologists
Fellows of Pakistan Academy of Sciences
Scientists from Lahore
Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology faculty
21st-century Pakistani mathematicians
20th-century Pakistani mathematicians
Pakistani cosmologists
National University of Sciences & Technology faculty
Quaid-i-Azam University faculty
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals faculty
University of Texas at Austin faculty
Recipients of


texts:
<mask> (4 June 1933 – 14 March 2019) was a Belgian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as the Metropolitan Archbishop of Mechelen-Brussels and the chairman of the episcopal conference of his native country from 1979 to 2010. He was elevated to the cardinalate in 1983. His resignation that he had submitted in 2008 at the age of 75 was accepted by Pope Benedict XVI on 18 January 2010. Early life and studies
Born in Kanegem, West Flanders, <mask> was the eldest of six siblings. He owed his vocation to the priesthood to a priest he had as a teacher in high school, Daniel Billiet. Like a few other bright candidates for the priesthood from West Flanders, Danneels did not enter the episcopal Seminary of Bruges after he finished high school, but was sent directly to the Higher Institute of Philosophy of the Catholic University of Leuven, there to follow a three-year course of Neo Scholastic philosophy (1951–1954).Leuven, with which he remained "in love" his entire life, opened the world for him intellectually. From Leuven he was sent to Rome, where he studied Catholic theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University whilst living in the Belgian Papal College (1954–1959). With a few exceptions, he judged the quality of his courses there inferior to those in Leuven, but Rome greatly enriched him culturally. Danneels obtained his bachelor's degree in June 1956, his license in 1958, and his doctorate in 1961. His results as a student were uniformly very good, including an A– for canon law, and a magna cum laude for his license. Ordination
Well before the end of his

masks:
Godfried Maria Jules Danneels
Godfried Danneels


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 studies, he was ordained to the priesthood by Emiel Jozef De Smedt, Bishop of Bruges in a ceremony in the Kanegem parish church on 17 August 1957, the 25th wedding anniversary of his parents. Professor and pastor
In 1959, De Smedt appointed him spiritual director of the Bruges episcopal seminary and at the same time professor of liturgy and spirituality.In 1960 he also took over Frans Neirynck's course on the sacraments. His study of the literature on liturgy made him evolve from a Rome-educated and initially conservative liturgist into a modern one, and a well-known one, thanks to his articles in the Dictionary of the Liturgy. The claim that  he was actively involved in writing Sacrosanctum Concilium is dubious, for he did not attend the Second Vatican Council. But he did play a very active role in the implementation of the liturgical reforms of Sacrosanctum Concilium, not only in the Bruges diocese, but in all of Belgium and even abroad. He was very much taken with these reforms, for in Belgium and the Netherlands many had been foreshadowed in liturgical experiments. However, he did not call for liturgical revolution in his writings and talks, favoring steady and measured innovation instead. Even so, from the middle sixties he felt pressurized by Rome (in particular by cardinal Giacomo Lercaro), which was trying get a firmer grip on the liturgical journals in which he wrote.On 8 July 1969, <mask> was appointed assistant professor at the Faculty of Theology of the Catholic University of Leuven. Initially the appointment was for two years, but <mask> was to stay

masks: Danneels Danneels


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 until 31 January 1978, shortly after he was consecrated bishop. In Leuven he became thoroughly interested in what was to become his "hobby horse", the interlocking of theology and humanism, which he was to develop throughout his life in both his academic and his pastoral writings. The latter too were numerous and important, for when he was relieved of his spiritual directorship at the Bruges seminar in the summer of 1967, he was put in charge of the continuing education of the priests of the Bruges diocese. Bishop

On 4 November 1977, <mask> was named Bishop of Antwerp by Pope Paul VI. He received his episcopal consecration on the following 18 December from Cardinal Leo Joseph Suenens; co-consecrators were his predecessor Jules Victor Daem and his Bruges bishop De Smedt. The consecration, in a Dutch-language rite in whose development <mask> himself had been involved as a liturgist, took place in St. James', as the Antwerp cathedral was being restored at the time.Three days after his consecration he invited Catholics to write him personally with suggestions for their new bishop and he made the rounds of his diocese to consult with people. He used the media, extensively and successfully, to expound his vision of Christian humanism. In this he can be claimed to have been "modern". But in many ways he was traditional and careful of what Rome desired. From the beginning of his episcopacy, he faced an acute problem of numerous priests leaving their ministry. In spite of this, he energetically defended the traditional demand of the Church that priests remain celibate. In


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 July 1978 he was appointed a member of the Curial Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, just at the time when Edward Schillebeeckx was first investigated by the Congregation.In the face of great pressure from the Leuven Faculty of Theology, he did not intervene on Schillebeeckx's behalf. Encouraged and aided by his predecessor, <mask> began to build what was to become a very extensive network, which included numerous Belgian politicians. This would be important for his work in the next station of his life. Archbishop and cardinal

Promotion to archbishop and creation as cardinal
<mask> was promoted to the Archbishopric of Mechelen-Brussels on 19 December 1979. He thus became Primate of Belgium, president of the Belgian Conference of Catholic Bishops, chancellor of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and the Université catholique de Louvain and head of the nation's Catholic military ordinariate, at first as vicar, from 1987 as bishop. Pope John Paul II followed the tradition that the Mechelen archbishop be made a cardinal, and created him Cardinal-Priest of Santa Anastasia in the consistory of 2 February 1983. Survey of his career as cardinal-archbishop
There are two rather distinct periods in <mask>' career as Cardinal-Archbishop.In its first ten to fifteen years, Danneels' relations with Rome were excellent. He was appointed to a number of pontifical congregations and councils. In addition to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, to which he had already been appointed in 1978, he was a member of:
 the Congregation for Bishops
 the Congregation for

masks: Danneels Danneels Danneels


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 the Clergy
 the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
 the Congregation for Catholic Education
 the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments
 the Pontifical Council for Dialogue with Non-Believers
He was also a member of the permanent secretariat of the episcopal synod and participated in a number of synods
But his own enthusiasm about the government of the Church by the Vatican waned. He did not approve of the way Pope John Paul II restricted the role of bishops' conferences like CELAM (1992) and especially of CCEE (1993)., in which he played a prominent role until 1993. The bishops' synods were being reduced to rubber stamping the decisions of Rome, and neither the bishops' collegiality nor Vatican centralism could be discussed. The result  of this change was threefold:
 As Rome was perceived to turn to the right, Danneels, who considers himself an "extreme centrist", was more and more perceived as a leftist or a liberal, in spite of himself. As Danneels gradually increased the distance between himself and Rome, his popularity at home increased and he became the face of the Catholic Church in Belgium, to the local issues of which he devoted more and more of his time.He also devoted more and more of his time to international tasks, which often involved his diplomatic abilities as well as his prestige. After the 2013 conclave he again felt at ease in Rome, but by then he had already retired as archbishop. Danneels and the Belgian court
As primate of Belgium, Danneels officiated at every great ceremony at the royal court. Royal


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 baptisms
 Elisabeth, duchess of Brabant
 Amedeo, Archduke of Austria
 Prince Emmanuel
 Prince Gabriël
 Princess Eleonore

Royal funerals
 King Baudouin and Queen Fabiola
 King Leopold III
 Lilian, Princess of Réthy

Royal marriages
 The Duke of Brabant, Crown prince Philippe and Jonkvrouw Mathilde d'Udekem d'Acoz, since July 2013 King and Queen of the Belgians
 Lorenz, Archduke of Austria-Este and Princess Astrid
 Prince Laurent and Ms Claire Coombs
 Amedeo, Archduke of Austria and Archduchess Elisabetta of Austria-Este
 Archduchess Marie-Christine of Austria and Rodolphe, Count of Limburg Stirum

Danneels' relations with the court were good, but not particularly close. He even denied having a close relationship with King Baudouin, whom he saw often and whom he greatly admired. Synods
Danneels participated in a number of synods of bishops and played a prominent role in some of them, notably in:

Special Assembly for the Netherlands (14–31 January 1980)
Danneels chaired this synod, on "The Pastoral Situation in the Netherlands", , together with cardinal Johannes Willebrands. Its central task was to overcome the divisions that were plaguing the Catholic Church in the Netherlands and the widening gap between Rome and many Dutch Catholics.Its final document was signed by all participants, but it was poorly received in the Netherlands, and the conflicts between the Dutch bishops among themselves and between some of them and their flocks continued. Fifth Ordinary General Assembly (26 September – 25 October 1980)
Its theme was "The Christian Family". In a speech ("My best


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 synod speech ever") Danneels stressed the values that were the foundations of Humanae vitae, but called for objectively analyzing the reasons why so many Catholics refused its teachings, and pointed out that many divorced Catholics no longer saw how canon law could be reconciled with the demands of God's mercy. Toward the end of the synod, on 24 October, his prestige was such that he was elected a member of the general secretariat of the bishops' synods with 124 votes, outpolling even Cardinals Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger (121 votes) and Basil Hume (110 votes). Second Extraordinary General Assembly (25 November – 8 December 1985)
Devoted to "The Twentieth Anniversary of the Conclusion of the Second Vatican Council", its discussions revolved around the question "Shall we put the brakes on Vatican II, or shall we continue or even go beyond it?" <mask> was appointed its General Relator (rapporteur), and in this task he was assisted by Walter Kasper, then still a theology professor. Their final report was praised by the Pope and accepted almost unanimously.But its conclusions could be, and were, interpreted in both directions, and it left many decisions up to Rome, thus putting no stop to the centralizing tendencies in the Church. Special Assembly for Europe (1–23 October 1999)
Its theme was "Jesus Christ, Alive in His Church, Source of Hope for Europe". Danneels' speech attacking the cultural pessimism prevalent among a number of Roman prelates impressed many council fathers as well as Pope John Paul II, who allowed him to go beyond the allotted time. Third


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 Extraordinary General Assembly (5–19 October 2014)
This was popularly known as the "Synod on the Family"; officially it was about "Pastoral Challenges of the Family in the Context of Evangelization". Danneels' intervention was brief, but his presence at the synod was notable, as it followed a personal invitation by Pope Francis. Danneels and liberation theology
Danneels was aware of the risks of liberation theology and its political dimension. But when on 6 August 1984, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith published Libertatis nuntius, its Instruction on Certain Aspects of the "Theology of Liberation" without even consulting him, though he was a member, he publicly denounced it in several interviews, for its procedure and, more importantly, for its overly intellectual approach of the concept of freedom, which failed to take seriously the pains caused by poverty and by political and military oppression.He was instrumental in preventing a condemnation of his friend Gustavo Gutiérrez, and he was pleased that the follow-up of Libertatis nuntius, Libertatis conscientia, the Congregation's "Instruction of Christian Freedom and Liberation", did not proclaim a definitive condemnation of liberation theology. Danneels and the Belgian constitutional crisis over abortion
In March and April 1990, King Boudewijn's refusal to sign the law liberalizing abortion, drafted by Roger Lallemand and by Lucienne Herman-Michielsens and approved by Parliament, provoked a constitutional crisis. Both Danneels and Prime Minister Wilfried Martens had foreseen the King's refusal, and


texts: in the spring of 1989, Danneels had offered Martens to mediate in case of just such a crisis. Danneels had often discussed the moral dilemma the King faced, but denies mediating after the King's decision was taken. The words of two Ministers of State, Philippe Moureaux and Mark Eyskens, have been interpreted as meaning that he did. But neither Moureaux ["On évoquait une discrète et prudente intervention du cardinal" (A discreet and prudent intervention of the cardinal was recalled)] nor Eyskens ["Maar geen enkel resultaat" (But no result whatsoever)] say this in so many words. They may just as well have alluded to the earlier talks between Danneels and the King.In a number of reactions to the VTM broadcast it has been claimed that Danneels counseled the King to sign the Lallemand–Herman Michielsens law. However, whatever Danneels said in conversations with the King, before, during or after this constitutional crisis, he has always respected any "colloque singulier" he had with the King. Since King Boudewijn is dead, Danneels took the secret of what he told the King to his grave. The claim that he advised the King to sign is pure speculation. Danneels flatly denied he did: "Ik heb alvast nooit geprobeerd hem om te praten" (I certainly never tried to talk him [the King] round). Shortly after the law was published in the Belgian official journal, the Belgian bishops, including Danneels, issued a declaration in which they distinguished what is legally acceptable and what is morally desirable, and they unambiguously rejected the law morally. Danneels has never wavered


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 from the conviction that "a society that encourages abortion of those that are born in the margins of society or that do not have the chance to be loved abandons its humanizing role and ultimately condemns itself".Member of the group of Sankt Gallen
On 3 January 1999, Danneels became a member of St. Gallen Group, in which he was to play a prominent role. Danneels' view on homosexuality and same-sex marriage
Danneels always objected to discrimination against homosexuals and he was always in favor of a juridical statute for stable relations between partners of the same sex. He said as much on 11 April 2003 in a private letter to Guy Verhofstadt, whose government had approved this. But he has always been opposed to calling such a statute "marriage". He repeated these views ten years later, in a newspaper interview in which he said:

Danneels' view on euthanasia
Long before Belgium liberalized its law on euthanasia, in a press conference on 31 January 1994, Danneels gave voice to the Belgian bishops' opposition to the idea. The issue resurfaced again, with a vengeance, in the spring of 2008, when famous Belgian author Hugo Claus chose euthanasia on 19 March and when three days later Danneels devoted his homily during the Easter Vigil to "the problem of suffering and death", without, however, mentioning Claus by name. Even so, this homily was widely interpreted as criticism of Claus' choice and heavily criticized.But shortly afterwards, on 13 April 2008, Danneels doubled down in "Het Braambos", a broadcast of the "Katholieke Televisie- en Radio-Omroep" (Catholic


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 Television and Radio Broadcasting Organization):

Ecumenical activities
From the beginning of his archbishopric, Danneels kept cultivating the good contacts between "Mechelen" and Anglicanism that were started by Cardinal Mercier in the 1920s. Likewise from the beginning of his archbishopric, Danneels made almost yearly visits to the Taizé Community. He mediated with the Vatican to make Pope John Paul II's visit to Taizé on 5 October 1986 happen. He regularly met with Brother Roger, on whom the Catholic University bestowed an honorary doctorate in 1990. But after Brother Roger's death, too, he kept fostering relations with Taizé, and from 29 December 2008 through 2 January 200 he hosted the 31st European Taizé meeting in Brussels. <mask> was a member of the World Council of Religions for Peace, on which he sat until 2004. Starting in the summer of 2002, he was also active in  one of its projects, the European Council of Religious Leaders, in which he remained involved through the first decade of the 21st century.Diplomatic activities
Danneels was involved in the negotiations about the convent of the Carmelite nuns at Auschwitz after father Werenfried van Straaten had proposed, in 1985, to convert its temporary location in the former theater building into a full-fledged convent. Danneels involvement lasted until 1989, when Rome decided the issue and promised the nuns would move out. (But they remained until 1993, and left behind the Auschwitz cross.) Between 1990 and 1999, Danneels was the international president of Pax Christi. Danneels was a consistent and strong


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 supporter of bishop (later cardinal) Monsengwo's attempts to foster democracy in Zaire, mediating between Belgium, Rome and Kinshasa. He was instrumental in Monsengwo's being awarded an honorary doctorate by the Catholic University of Leuven on 2 February 1993 and he gave the Laudatio himself. Danneels worked long and hard to thaw the relations between China and the Catholic Church.In November 1985 he invited a delegation of official Chinese bishops, who had been invited to Leuven by the Catholic University, to lunch in his residence in Mechelen. A return invitation followed, but problems caused by the coexistence of the official and the underground Catholic Church in China led to Danneels having to postpone his visit. When it finally happened, in March 2005, Danneels had to cut it short, owing to the death of pope John Paul II on 2 April. But on 3 April the Chinese government issued a communiqué lauding Pope John Paul's efforts to recognize the Church's errors. Pope Benedict encouraged Danneels to continue his efforts and in March 2008 <mask> again went to China, where he addressed the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and where he was allowed to encounter a number of rural Catholic communities. Dealing with child sex abuse in the Belgian Church
Danneels was first confronted with the problem of sexual abuse in the Church in the aftermath of the Dutroux affair, when the authorities' call for victims of abuse to come forward revealed that there had also been cases of abuse in the Church. (But see also the Vangheluwe affair, below.)The first to formally organize a


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 contact point for victims of sexual abuse within the Belgian Church was Arthur Luysterman, the bishop of Ghent. That contact point was the model of the "Commission for Complaints about Sexual Abuse in Pastoral Relations", which the conference of the Belgian bishops (chaired by Danneels) organized on 4 November 1999. Early in 1998 it became known that a priest of the archdiocese had raped a minor in 1968. Danneels volunteered to testify in court, the first time ever that a cardinal had appeared before a secular court in Belgium. Danneels said that he had known nothing about the abuse. The court held that the Catholic Church in Belgium—not the archbishop himself nor his auxiliary bishop—was guilty of failing to protect the victim, was civilly responsible, and imposed a fine of half a million Belgian francs (now ± 12,500 €). On appeal this verdict was quashed and only the abusive priest was held guilty.On 6 December 1999 the authorities began proceedings against Robert Borremans; a priest of the archdiocese, well-known because he had been the choral conductor at the marriage of Philippe and Mathilde (now King and Queen). Danneels relieved him of his pastoral tasks and had him struck from the government's payroll. Though convicted at first, Borremans was cleared in the end, when the allegations against him were found to be false. Vangheluwe affair and its aftermath
From 1973 to 1986, Roger Vangheluwe, a priest since 1963 and the Bishop of Bruges since early 1985, sexually abused a nephew of his. Rik Devillé, a priest who had had a couple of conflicts with Danneels,


texts: said, after the scandal broke on 23 April 2010, that he had warned Danneels about Vangheluwe in the mid-1990s. In 2010, Danneels said that he did not remember this. But Danneels certainly knew about Vangheluwe's crime before the scandal broke because, in the beginning of April 2010, Vangheluwe had himself told Danneels that he had had a sexual contact with a minor.What Danneels did, or did not do, in the few weeks before the scandal broke, earned him a great deal of criticism, both at home and abroad. On 8 April, Vangheluwe pressured Danneels to accept a meeting with himself, his victim and the victim's relatives. At that meeting Danneels advised the victim to delay a public statement until Vangheluwe had retired. Speaking through a spokesman, Toon Osaer, Danneels explained that he had been unprepared for this meeting and that his proposal that the victim remain silent was "an improvisation". Danneels did not reveal this conversation to the Belgian bishops. At another meeting Vangheluwe, in Danneels' presence, made a private apology which the victim rejected. In the night of Monday 19 to Tuesday 20 April all Belgian bishops received an e-mail exposing Vangheluwe.This resulted in Vangheluwe's resignation on 22 April and its immediate acceptance by the Vatican on 23 April, as was revealed on the same date by <mask>' successor as archbishop, André-Mutien Léonard, at a press conference. In a press communiqué, likewise on 23 April, Vangheluwe publicly admitted his guilt and publicly apologized. In the weeks after Vangheluwe's resignation, the "Commission for Complaints


texts: about Sexual Abuse in Pastoral Relations" (now often called the Adriaenssens Commission, after its chairman, child psychiatrist Peter Adriaenssens) received no fewer than 475 complaints about sexual abuse. On 24 June, in an operation code named Kelk ("Chalice") organized at the request of the Office of the Public Prosecutor, the archiepiscopal palace, Danneels' private apartment, the Leuven seat of the Adriaenssens Commission and even St. Rumbold's Cathedral (where the graves of Cardinal Mercier and Cardinal Suenens were broken into) were simultaneously searched for documents about cases of sexual abuse that could still be prosecuted (unlike that of Vangheluwe, beyond the statute of limitation). On 6 July, Danneels was subjected to an all-day interrogation by the Brussels branch of the Judicial Police. Later the search was judged to have been illegal and all documents seized were returned. Great damage to Danneels’s reputation was caused by the publication in De Standaard and Het Nieuwsblad on 28 August 2010 of the transcript of tape recordings, made secretly, of the two meetings <mask> had had with the victim and his family.The transcripts revealed that the victim felt that he was not being understood and considered Danneels' manner to be inept. For Danneels, the final chapter of the affair was his appearance, on 21 December 2010, before a parliamentary committee investigating sexual abuse in hierarchical relations. He emphatically stated that there had never been a policy of covering up or denying, let alone tolerating sexual abuse, that justice had to be done


texts:
 and that the Church must cooperate. But even if that is accepted, <mask> was widely reproached for inaction in a matter in which the public expected him to be decisive. As an editorial in De Standaard of 1 September 2010 put it: "For days he kept the shock of Vangheluwe's confession to himself. He did not contact the ex-bishop again to convince him of what was inevitable: his immediate resignation. He did not refer the matter to the Adriaenssens Commission.And he did not involve his own successor, archbishop Léonard." Papal Conclave of 2005
Upon the death of Pope John Paul II in 2005, Danneels was listed as a possible successor  (or papabile) although with weakened credentials due to the fact that he was an archbishop of a country where abortion, euthanasia and same-sex unions had recently been legalized and where, under his watch, church attendance and pastoral vocations have dropped to historical lows. Danneels participated in the 2005 papal conclave. The pre-conclave discussions pointed out the direction which the conclave was to take. It elected Pope Benedict XVI. In a TV interview directly after this election, which he had  promised—"foolishly", he said, because keeping this promise prevented him from attending the dinner with the pope and the other cardinals, and because he was tired—his body language indicated he was not enthusiastic, which was widely interpreted as indicating he was an opponent of the new pope. Danneels denies this: "That is not true, but I'll have to bear that charge until I die."Retirement and succession
On 4 June  2008, Danneels reached


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 the mandatory age of retirement; his succession took time and did not go smoothly. The three names on the terna (list of three) of possible successors Karl-Josef Rauber, the papal nuncio, sent to Rome, were rejected, and so were the names on a second terna Rauber sent. It was not until 18 January 2010 that Rome imposed its own candidate and replaced Danneels as Archbishop of Mechelen-Brussels by André-Mutien Léonard, whom Rauber openly said "non era 'del tutto adatto' per Bruxelles" (was not totally suitable for Brussels). Papal Conclave of 2013
Danneels was not considered "papabile" before the 2013 conclave, in which he  participated. Naturally he also participated in the cardinals' pre-conclave discussions, which he called "the most interesting discussions in all my life as cardinal", as they were far more open than those preceding the 2005 conclave, and as their main theme was the need for collegiality. The conclave  elected Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio (whom Danneels, as a member of the St. Gallen Group, supported). The newly elected pope Francis invited Danneels to appear with him on the balcony when he first appeared after the Habemus Papam.At Pope Francis' inauguration, Danneels pronounced the formal prayer for the new pope in the absence of the protopriest, Cardinal Paulo Evaristo Arns. He later described the result of this conclave as "een persoonlijke verrijzeniservaring" (a personal resurrection experience). Death
Danneels died on 14 March 2019 in Mechelen. His funeral services, with the King, Queen, other members of the Royal family and numerous


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 politicians attending, were held on 22 March 2019 in St. Rumbold's Cathedral in Mechelen, where he was buried in the crypt of the cathedral. Honors
 Danneels was awarded honorary doctorates by the Catholic University of Tilburg (2 September 2002) and by Georgetown University (3 March 2003). On 20 December 2003 Danneels won the "Castar", an award bestowed by CAnvas, De STAndaard and Radio 1 on "the man or the woman whose cultural, social, political or socio-economic contributions have been positive and remarkable." Danneels was ranked #90 in Les plus grands Belges (2005).To celebrate his 75th birthday, the Faculty of Theology of the Catholic University of Leuven organized a symposium in his honor. On 18 June 2010 he was made an honorary citizen of Mechelen. Miscellaneous
 His mother tongue was Dutch (both Standard Dutch and the Kanegem dialect, barely mutually comprehensible), and he also spoke English, French, German and Italian fluently, as well as Latin (at least during his studies in Rome). In addition to a minor dip toward the end of 1959, Danneels twice had serious health problems. In the spring of 1971, he suffered a depression, resulting from overworking himself in combination with failing to rest and recuperate from eye surgery. A prolonged period of rest in Kanegem, imposed by his bishop, put him back on his feet. On 4 March 1996, a routine medical check-up revealed life-threatening stenosis of the blood vessels around his heart and he underwent bypass surgery the same day.His Marian devotion was very strong. He even insisted on attending the Marian


texts:
 Hanswijk procession in May 1996, though still recovering from his surgery on 4 March. He was an ardent lover of art, in all its forms, and his taste is eclectic. In music, for example, he appreciated "the three Bs, Bach, Beethoven and the Beatles". References

Sources
Jan Becaus & Christian Laporte In gesprek met kardinaal Danneels (Antwerpen: Halewijn, 2009) (in Dutch; ); Christian Laporte & Jan Becaus Confidences d'un cardinal (Namur: Fidélité & Bruxelles: Racine, 2009) (in French;  or ). References (in the notes: B&L) are to the Dutch version. Austen Ivereigh The Great Reformer: Francis and the Making of a Radical Pope (With an updated and expanded epilogue) (New York: Picador, 2015) .In the notes: Ivereigh. Jürgen Mettepenningen & Karim Schelkens <mask> Danneels: Biografie (in Dutch; ); Karim Schelkens & Jürgen Mettepenningen <mask> Danneels: Biographie (in French; ) (Antwerpen: Uitgeverij Polis, 2015.) References (in the notes: M&S) are to the Dutch version. External links

1933 births
2019 deaths
People from Tielt
Bishops of Antwerp
Belgian cardinals
KU Leuven alumni
Roman Catholic archbishops of Mechelen-Brussels
Cardinals created by Pope John Paul II
Members of the European Academy of Sciences and

masks: Godfried Godfried


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<mask>  (; born 5 November 1992) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Ligue 1 club Paris Saint-Germain and the Italy national team. He is often considered as one of the best midfielders in the world. A creative, hard-working, and technically gifted playmaker, <mask> began his career with Italian club Pescara in 2008, where he soon rose to prominence as one of the best young midfielders in Europe, helping the team to win the 2011–12 Serie B title, and winning the 2012 Bravo Award. His playing style drew comparisons with Andrea Pirlo, due to his passing ability, vision, and control, as well as his similar transition from  the role of trequartista to that of a regista. In July 2012, he transferred to French side Paris Saint-Germain, where he won seven Ligue 1 titles from 2013 to 2020, among other domestic and individual trophies, and established himself as one of the best midfielders in the world. At international level, <mask> represented the Italy under-21 football team at the 2013 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, winning a runners-up medal, and being named to the all-star squad for the tournament. At senior level, he made his Italy debut in 2012, and represented his country at the 2014 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2020, winning the latter tournament.Early life
<mask> was born in Pescara, and grew up in Manoppello. As a child, he supported Juventus and idolised Alessandro Del Piero, the team's Italian international offensive playmaker. <mask>'s talent was noticed at an early age, and he was made offers to join the youth academies of Atalanta and Internazionale, but joined his local club Pescara for €5,000. After an impressive performance for Pescara's under-16 team against A.C. Milan, the Lombardy club offered €300,000 to sign the midfielder, but Verratti decided to remain at Pescara. Club career

Pescara

The first youth team Verratti was affiliated with was that of Manoppello, a historic team of Pescara, that in 2001

masks:
Marco Verratti
Verratti
Verratti
Verratti
Verratti


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 merged with the newly born Manoppello Arabona. He remained there until 2006 when he entered the youth of Pescara. Verratti made his first team debut in the 2008–09 season at the age of 15 years and 9 months.In the 2009–10 season, he appeared more regularly for Pescara, and since then became a key player in the first team. His performances generated national media coverage as a potential star of the future and Italian international. With Zdeněk Zeman as manager, Verratti excelled as a deep-lying playmaker in a Pescara team which won the 2011–12 Serie B title playing "the best football in Italy", earning promotion to Serie A the following season. After helping Pescara to promotion to Serie A, Verratti received the 2012 Bravo Award for the best player under the age of 21 in Europe, and was reportedly wanted by Napoli, Roma and Juventus, as well as Carlo Ancelotti's Paris Saint-Germain. At the 2012 AIC Gran Gala del Calcio, he was elected the best player of the 2011–12 Serie B season, along with former Pescara teammates Ciro Immobile and Lorenzo Insigne. Paris Saint-Germain

2012–2014: Debut season, individual awards

On 18 July 2012, <mask> signed a five-year contract with Paris Saint-Germain in Ligue 1. On 2 September 2012, <mask> made his competitive debut for PSG in an away Ligue 1 match against Lille.Twelve days later, he  assisted Javier Pastore's opening goal in his first competitive appearance at the Parc des Princes, a 2–0 Ligue 1 defeat of Toulouse. On 18 September 2012, he made his UEFA Champions League debut in a 4–1 group stage defeat of Dynamo Kyiv. He ended his first season in the French capital by winning the 2012–13 Ligue 1 title. On 20 August 2013, <mask> signed a one-year extension to his contract with PSG, keeping him at the club until 2018. <mask>'s second season with PSG was even more successful than the first as the team retained its Ligue 1 title and won the Coupe de la Ligue and the 2013 Trophée des Champions. <mask> was named as the Ligue 1

masks: Verratti Verratti Verratti Verratti Verratti


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 Young Player of the Year and included in the Ligue 1 Team of the Year for the 2013–14 season. 2014–2017: First goals and contract extension
On 30 September 2014, <mask> scored his first competitive goal for PSG, a header in a 3–2 home win over Barcelona in the group stage of the Champions League.On 18 January 2015, <mask> scored his first goal in Ligue 1, in a 4–2 home win over Evian. In August 2016, <mask> signed a 3-year extension to his contract, keeping him at the club until 2021. 2017–2019: European and domestic performances
On 6 March 2018, <mask> was sent off after acquiring a second yellow card in the second leg of a Champions League round of 16 fixture against the eventual champions Real Madrid. Real Madrid went on to win the game 2–1 and eliminated PSG with an aggregate score of 5–2. On 3 April 2019, <mask> scored the opening goal from a Kylian Mbappé assist in a 3–0 home win over Nantes in the Coupe de France semi-finals, which allowed PSG to advance to the final of the competition; during the same match, he also provided an assist for his team's final goal, which was scored by Dani Alves. This goal was <mask>'s first of the 2018–19 season for PSG, and also his first goal ever in the competition. 2019–20: Domestic treble and European final
Following PSG's 2–1 victory over Rennes in the 2019 Trophée des Champions on 3 August, <mask> became the player with the most titles with the club, with 22 trophies in total (six Ligue 1 titles, four Coupe de France titles, five Coupe de la Ligue titles, and seven Trophée des Champions titles).In October, he signed a three–year contract extension with the club, which would tie him to PSG until June 2024. On 12 January 2020, Verratti made his 300th appearance for PSG in a 3–3 home draw against Monaco in Ligue 1. On 18 February, he became the club's all-time appearance holder in the Champions League, when he made his 58th appearance in the competition in a 2–1 away loss in the first leg of their round of 16 draw against

masks: Verratti Verratti Verratti Verratti Verratti Verratti Verratti


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 Borussia Dortmund, overtaking the previous record holder Paul Le Guen at 57. In April, PSG were assigned the 2019–20 Ligue 1 title after the season was ended prematurely due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic; at the time of the League's suspension, PSG were in first place, with a twelve–point lead over second–placed Marseille. This was <mask>'s record seventh Ligue 1 title with the club, which saw him equal the all–time individual record of most Ligue 1 title victories, along with his club teammate Thiago Silva, which was jointly held by Hervé Revelli and Jean-Michel Larqué of Saint-Étienne, as well as Grégory Coupet, Juninho and Sidney Govou of Lyon. PSG went on to win a domestic treble, but lost out in the Champions League final 1–0 to Bayern Munich on 23 August; <mask> made a substitute appearance during the match. 2020–2022: Champions League semi-finals
In the 2020–21 season with Paris Saint-Germain, Verratti reached the semi-finals of the UEFA Champions League, losing 4–1 on aggregate to Manchester City.In Ligue 1, PSG failed to retain the title as Lille were crowned champions. On 23 January 2022, <mask> scored two goals in a 4–0 league win over Reims. By doing so, he scored his first league goal since May 2017, and the first brace of his career. International career
The uncapped <mask> was included into Cesare Prandelli's preliminary 32-man Italy squad for UEFA Euro 2012, being one of only two Serie B players (the other being Torino's Angelo Ogbonna) to be part of it. He was subsequently cut from the squad on 28 May 2012. On 15 August 2012, <mask> made his debut with the Italian senior team in a 2–1 friendly loss against England held in Bern. He subsequently made his first competitive appearance in 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification, appearing as a second-half substitute for Emanuele Giaccherini in a 2–2 draw against Bulgaria on 7 September.On 6 February 2013, Verratti scored his first international goal in a friendly against the Netherlands in


texts: Amsterdam, a 91st-minute equalizer that made the final score 1–1. He took part with the Italy U-21 side at the 2013 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, where the Azzurrini finished as runner-up to Spain. His performances saw him included in UEFA's all-star squad for the tournament. On 1 June 2014, <mask> was selected in Italy's 23-man squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. In Italy's opening match of the tournament, he made his first competitive start for the Azzurri on the left side of a midfield diamond with Juventus players Andrea Pirlo and Claudio Marchisio and Roma vice-captain Daniele De Rossi in his team's opening game of the tournament, a 2–1 victory over England in Manaus. During the match, he was involved in Marchisio's opening goal; after receiving Antonio Candreva's short corner, he passed the ball out wide towards Pirlo, who drew his marker with him. Pirlo let the ball pass in between his legs to Marchisio, leaving him with space to score with a low drive from outside the area.However, <mask> did not appear in Italy's second group match, a 1–0 defeat against Costa Rica; he started in Italy's final group match against Uruguay, which also ended in a 1–0 loss, and as a result, Italy were eliminated in the first round of the tournament. On 6 May 2016, it was confirmed <mask> would miss Euro 2016 after a long lasting injury from a sports hernia which would require surgery on 16 May, sidelining him for two months. Upon recovering from his injury, <mask> returned to the team under Italy's new manager Gian Piero Ventura for an international friendly match against France in Bari on 1 September, making a substitute appearance in the Azzurris 3–1 loss. On 26 March 2019, <mask> scored his second international goal in a 6–0 home win over Liechtenstein in a UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying match. In June 2021, he was included in Italy's squad for UEFA Euro 2020 by manager Roberto Mancini. After initially missing Italy's first two group matches due to an injury to his right


texts:
 knee that he had sustained in training with Paris Saint-Germain on 8 May, he made his first appearance of the tournament in Italy's final group match against Wales on 20 June, setting-up Matteo Pessina's goal from a free-kick in the team's 1–0 victory in Rome; the result allowed them to top their group. On 2 July, he assisted Italy's opening goal of the match, scored by Nicolò Barella, in a 2–1 win over Belgium in the quarter-finals of the competition.On 11 July, in the final against England at Wembley Stadium, <mask> was involved in the equalising goal after his header was parried onto the post by keeper Jordan Pickford, allowing Leonardo Bonucci to score from the rebound; following a 1–1 draw after extra-time, Italy prevailed 3–2 in the penalty shootout, to win the tournament for the first time since 1968. With a 93% passing accuracy and three assists throughout the tournament (having completed 401 out of 425 passes attempted), <mask> was named the top performer of Euro 2020 in the FedEx Performance Zone. Style of play

A quick, creative, agile, and technically gifted central midfield playmaker, with notable dribbling skills, quick reactions, and close ball control, <mask> is known for his confidence on the ball and ability to retain possession in tight spaces when under pressure, due to his low centre of gravity and resulting balance. His excellent vision and range of passing enable him to create chances for teammates with accurate long passes, or control the tempo of his team's play in midfield through precise, short exchanges. Although naturally right-footed, he is capable of playing with either foot. Due to his attributes and playing style, <mask> has been compared to Italy legend Andrea Pirlo, in particular after making the same transition from trequartista to regista that the 2006 FIFA World Cup winner had also made earlier on in his career, although he has also been deployed in a new, more advanced role alongside Pirlo on occasion, as a false-attacking

masks: Verratti Verratti Verratti Verratti


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 midfielder, in particular under Cesare Prandelli's tenure with the Italy national team. Initially regarded as one of the most talented young players of his generation, <mask> quickly developed into one of the best and most complete playmaking midfielders in the world.In addition to his playmaking skills, he is also a hard-working, dynamic, and well-rounded midfielder, who is known for his aggression, defensive skills, and ball-winning abilities, despite his small physique and diminutive stature, which also enables him to be deployed in a holding role. Despite his ability, he has also drawn criticism from some in the sport over his disciplinary record, as well as his tendency to commit an excessive number of fouls, argue with officials, and pick up unnecessary bookings. Moreover, he has also often struggled with injuries throughout his career. Personal life
<mask> was in a relationship since 2009 with a childhood friend, an Italian woman Laura Zazzara, whom he later married and with whom he has two sons, Tommaso and Andrea; the pair separated at the beginning of 2019. On 15 July 2021, four days after Italy's Euro 2020 triumph, Verratti married model Jessica Aidi in Paris. On 30 October 2018, <mask> was arrested after being caught drunk driving on the Boulevard Périphérique. He was subsequently fined by Paris Saint-Germain.On 2 April 2021, it was announced that <mask> tested positive for COVID-19 amid its pandemic in Italy; by 11 April, he recovered. Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list Italy's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Verratti goal. players
Serie B players
Ligue 1 players
Italy youth international footballers
Italy under-21 international footballers
Italy international footballers
2014 FIFA World Cup players
UEFA Euro 2020 players
UEFA European Championship-winning players
Italian expatriate footballers
Italian expatriate sportspeople in France
Expatriate footballers in France
Knights of the Order of Merit


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<mask> (born 30 March 1944) is a British actress. She appeared in the 1970s in television series The Brothers and UFO. In the early 1970s she appeared in several erotic roles on screen. She later took parts in soap operas Crossroads and Coronation Street. She has also had a stage career. Her brother was the musician <mask>, whose work she has consistently helped to promote since his death in 1974. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Lahore, British India, the daughter of <mask> and amateur songwriter <mask>.Her father was an engineer working for the Bombay Burmah Trading Corporation. The family moved from Burma to Britain when she was eight. She later commented that,

On the ship travelling to Britain she appeared in children's theatrical productions, later saying of herself "I was a dreadful exhibitionist." She attended Edgbaston College for Girls in Birmingham, Wycombe Abbey School, Buckinghamshire and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in London. She has had a long stage career beginning in the mid-1960s, and has regularly appeared in television dramas. Screen career
<mask> first gained wide attention for her portrayal of Lieutenant Gay Ellis in the 1970 science fiction television series UFO, in which her costume consisted of a silver suit and a purple wig. In the series, the character is the commander of the SHADO Moonbase, which is Earth's first line of defence against invading flying saucers.<mask> appeared in roughly half the 26 episodes produced, leaving the series during a break in the production to pursue other acting opportunities. In 1971, <mask> appeared in a short film entitled Crash!, based on a chapter in J. G. Ballard's book The Atrocity Exhibition. The film, directed by Harley Cokeliss, featured Ballard talking about the ideas in his book. <mask> appeared as a passenger and car-crash victim. Ballard later developed the idea into

masks:
Gabrielle Drake
Nick Drake
Drake
Rodney Drake
Molly Drake
Drake
Drake
Drake
Drake


texts: his 1973 novel Crash. In his draft of the novel he mentioned <mask> by name, but references to her were removed from the published version. In the 2009 BBC documentary Synth Britannia clips of Ballard and <mask> from Crash!were inserted into the 1979 video for Gary Numan's song "Cars". A reviewer in The Scotsman commented that the presence of <mask> "brought serious glamour to urban alienation". In the early 1970s, <mask> was associated with the boom in British sexploitation movies, repeatedly appearing nude or topless. She played a nude artist's model in the 1970 film Connecting Rooms, and was one of Peter Sellers' conquests in the film There's a Girl in My Soup. She also played one of the lead roles in the sex comedy Au Pair Girls (1972) and appeared in two Derek Ford films, Suburban Wives (1971) and its sequel Commuter Husbands (1972), in which she played the narrator who links the disparate episodes together. Her early television appearances include The Avengers (1967), Coronation Street (as Inga Olsen in 1967) and The Saint (1968). In 1970, she auditioned for the part of Jo Grant in Doctor Who, reaching the final shortlist of three, but did not get the part.On December 26, 1968 she appeared in a BBC television series called Journey to the Unknown in an episode called The Beckoning Fair One, where she played opposite American actor Robert Lansing as his girlfriend in a haunted house ghost story from a novella called The Beckoning Fair One by Oliver Onions. She gained wide exposure in The Brothers, the hit BBC family drama series, in which she appeared as a regular for the first four seasons playing Jill, the girlfriend (and later wife) of David Hammond. She also appeared in an episode of Brian Clemens' 1970s series Thriller, in The Kelly Monteith Show (as Monteith's wife 1979–80), a television version of The Importance of Being Earnest (1985, for LWT/PBS),

masks: Drake Drake Drake Drake


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 Crossroads (1985–87, as motel boss Nicola Freeman) and returned to Coronation Street in 2009 as Vanessa. In The Inspector Lynley Mysteries (2003–05) she played the protagonist's mother. She was the subject of This Is Your Life on 8 April 1987. Stage career
<mask> made her stage debut in 1964, during the inaugural season of the Everyman Theatre, Liverpool, playing Cecily in The Importance of Being Earnest. In 1966, she joined the Birmingham Repertory Company and played Queen Isabella in Marlowe's Edward II.She also had roles in Private Lives (with Renee Asherson), The Simpleton of the Unexpected Isles (with Linda Marlowe and Patrick Mower), Twelfth Night and Inadmissible Evidence. The following year, she was Roxanne in Cyrano de Bergerac at the Open Air Theatre, Regent's Park. In the 1974–5, season at the Bristol Old Vic, she played in Cowardy Custard, a devised entertainment featuring the words and music of Noël Coward. In 1975, she appeared as Madeline Bassett in the original London cast of the Andrew Lloyd Webber and Alan Ayckbourn musical Jeeves. She also appeared in French Without Tears at the Little Theatre, Bristol. In 1978, she played Lavinia, opposite Simon Callow in the title role, in Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus, directed by Adrian Noble, at the New Vic, Bristol. She also appeared at the Bristol Old Vic in that year, in Vanbrugh's The Provok'd Wife.She was directed by Mike Ockrent in Look, No Hans!, alongside David Jason, during the 83–84 season at the Theatre Royal, Bath. She made a second appearance in The Importance of Being Earnest at the Royalty Theatre, London, in a production directed by Donald Sinden, which also starred Wendy Hiller, Clive Francis, Phyllida Law and Denis Lawson (87-88). In 1988, she played Fiona Foster in a revival of Ayckbourn's How the Other Half Loves, first at the Greenwich Theatre, then at the Duke of York's Theatre.