texts:
 a role based on Lady Macbeth in Maqbool (2004), an adaptation of Shakespeare's Macbeth. Her first international project came in 2006 with Mira Nair's adaptation of Jhumpa Lahiri's novel The Namesake. For her starring role in Cheeni Kum (2007) she received a record fourth Filmfare Critics Award, and she took on fewer film projects over the next few years.She played a prostitute in the Telugu film Pandurangadu (2008) and appeared briefly in Ang Lee's adventure film Life of Pi (2012). In 2014, she starred alongside Salman Khan in Jai Ho and garnered critical acclaim for playing the Gertrude character in Haider, an adaptation of Shakespeare's Hamlet. She won the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress for the latter. <mask> went on to star in the ensemble horror comedy Golmaal Again, and continued to receive praise for playing a police-officer in Drishyam (2015) and a murderess in Andhadhun (2018). The latter ranks among the highest-grossing Indian films. She is reluctant to discuss her personal life in the media. Early life and background
Tabassum Fatima Hashmi was born to Jamal Ali Hashmi and Rizwana in a Hyderabadi Muslim family.Her parents divorced soon after. Her mother was a school-teacher and her maternal grandparents were retired professors who ran a school. Her grandfather, Mohammed Ahsan, was a professor of mathematics, and her grandmother was a professor of English Literature. She did her schooling at St. Ann's High School, Vijayanagar Colony, Hyderabad. <mask> moved to Mumbai in 1983 and studied at St. Xavier's College for 2 years. She is the niece of Shabana Azmi, Tanvi Azmi and Baba Azmi and the younger sister of actress Farah Naaz. Acting career

1980s–1990s
<mask> had an uncredited appearance in Bazaar (1982), and later in Hum Naujawan (1985) at the age of 14; she played Dev Anand's daughter in the film.Her first role as an actress

masks: Tabu Tabu Tabu


type: original

texts: was in the Telugu film Coolie No.1 (1991) co-starring with Venkatesh. In December 1987, producer Boney Kapoor launched 2 major films; Roop Ki Rani Choron Ka Raja and Prem. In Prem, <mask> was signed opposite Sanjay Kapoor, Boney's younger brother. The film took 8 years in the making and it turned out to be the biggest flop in Boney Kapoor's production career. <mask>'s career took off well after this film, in spite of the long delay. <mask>'s first release in Hindi as a leading lady was Pehla Pehla Pyar (1994), which went unnoticed. She rose to prominence with her role in Vijaypath (1994) opposite Ajay Devgan, for which she received Best Female Debut at Filmfare.This was followed by several unsuccessful films; however, in this period she appeared in a box-office success Haqeeqat (1995). In 1996, Tabu had 8 releases. 2 films Saajan Chale Sasural and Jeet were successful at the box-office, ranking in the top 5 films of that year. Her other significant film, Maachis, was critically acclaimed. Her role as a Punjabi woman caught in the rise of Sikh insurgency was highly acclaimed; she went on to win her first National Film Award for Best Actress for her performance. The same year saw her major blockbuster films down south. She starred in the Telugu blockbuster Ninne Pelladata, opposite Nagarjuna, a film which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu.Anupama Chopra wrote that she was "breathtakingly sensuous" in the part. The critically acclaimed Malayalam period epic film Kalapani directed by Priyadarshan brought her laurels for her acting from all across South India. She also debuted in Kollywood through the highly successful Tamil film Kadhal Desam, directed by Kathir. <mask>'s first release of 1997 was Border a war drama about the real-life events surrounding the Battle of Longewala during the Indo-Pak War of 1971. She played the

masks: Tabu Tabu Tabu Tabu


texts:
 role of Sunny Deol's wife. Her role was small, but the film went on to be the second-biggest hit of 1997 after Dil To Pagal Hai. That year, she also starred in the critically acclaimed film Virasat.The film was a success at the box office and <mask> won the Filmfare Best Actress (Critics) for her performance in the film. The same year saw her feature in Mani Ratnam's Tamil political drama Iruvar which had an ensemble cast including Mohanlal, Aishwarya Rai, Prakash Raj and Gautami. She also appeared in Chachi 420 (1998). In 1999, she starred in 2 successful multi-starrers; Biwi No.1 and Hum Saath-Saath Hain: We Stand United, which went to become the highest-grossing and the second highest-grossing films of the year respectively. She received positive reviews for Hu Tu Tu, which won her another Filmfare Best Actress (Critics). 2000s
In 2000, <mask> starred in Hera Pheri and Astitva. The former was a box-office success whilst the latter was critically acclaimed.Hindustan Times critic Arnab Banerjee wrote of her performance: "<mask> is brilliant and once again proves her mettle as an actress. The mind-blowing range of emotions she displays, her exquisite face and her subtle quiet dignity with which she handles her character, will take her far in her film career." She received her third Filmfare Best Actress (Critics) for Astitva. Down south, <mask> had 2 releases in Tamil, namely Kandukondain Kandukondain, a multi-starrer blockbuster film directed by Rajeev Menon and she stard with Mammootty, Ajith Kumar and Aishwarya Rai; and Snegithiye directed by Priyadarshan, along with a Malayalam release Cover Story opposite Suresh Gopi. The original Malayalam version of Snegithiye, titled Raakilipattu released in 2007. 2001 saw her star in Chandni Bar directed by Madhur Bhandarkar. Her portrayal of a bar dancer met with unanimous acclaim from critics, and she


texts: won her second National Film Award for Best Actress for her performance.Critic Taran Adarsh said: "Chandni Bar is <mask>'s film all the way and there are no two opinions on that. Her performance deserves the highest marks and of course, all the awards. Her work is flawless and the impact her character makes on the minds of the viewer is also due to a tailor-made role". Another critic mentioned: "if there is one actress who can carry a film on her shoulders, it is <mask>. As usual, she sparkles!" She has acted in a number of Telugu movies, many of them very successful, such as Coolie No. 1 (1991) and Ninne Pelladutha (1996), the latter being one of her most famous and popular movies.She further continued to star in films such as Aavida Maa Aavide (1998) with Nagarjuna, Chennakeshava Reddy (2002) and Pandurangadu (2008) with Nandamuri Balakrishna and Andarivaadu (2005) with Chiranjeevi. <mask> made a comeback into Telugu films fter a long hiatus with the film Pandurangudu in 2008. Her roles in Telugu movies largely eye-candy and glamorous. In 2003, <mask> starred in an adaptation of William Shakespeare's Macbeth. The actress played Nimmi based on the character Lady Macbeth. The film, titled Maqbool, was directed by Vishal Bhardwaj and premiered at the 2003 Toronto International Film Festival. Maqbool was a box-office failure, but was met with high acclaim.<mask>'s performance opened to high critical acclaim; critic Ron Ahluwalia said: "<mask> shines in a dark role. The most versatile actress in Bollywood takes to villainy like a second nature. She is menacing and seductive, but keeps an innocent look on her face, making her even viler. The way <mask> delivers her taunts is simply perfect. Her gradual insanity is heart-wrenching and her final outburst is easily the highlight of the film." Another critic said: "<mask> is fantastic in a complex role. Her

masks: Tabu Tabu Tabu Tabu Tabu Tabu Tabu Tabu


texts:
 performance in the film is worthy of awards.After Chandni Bar, this is another role that will be remembered for a long, long time." She had a supporting role in Fanaa (2006), alongside Aamir Khan and Kajol. The film went on to become the sixth highest-grossing film of the year. The same year, she starred in her first Hollywood film The Namesake, directed by Mira Nair. The film was a big hit overseas. In 2007, she starred in Cheeni Kum, in which she played a 34-year-old woman who falls in love with a 64-year-old chef played by Amitabh Bachchan. The film received positive reviews from critics; Taran Adarsh said: "<mask> stands on her feet despite a formidable co-star's domineering presence.She's excellent." Though the film was moderately successful in the domestic market but it performed well overseas, especially in UK and US. In 2009, she featured on the cover of Vogue Indias January 2009 issue. 2010–present
In 2010, <mask> portrayed the lead role in the romantic comedy film Toh Baat Pakki!, which earned huge publicity as it marked <mask>'s return to Bollywood after 3 years. However, the film was a commercial failure. Her next release of the year was Khuda Kasam opposite Sunny Deol, a film long-delayed. Her other film Banda Yeh Bindaas Hai, directed by B. R. Chopra, got indefinitely shelved owing to the plagiarism issues.She made a comeback to Malayalam cinema in 2011 with her brief song appearance in the multi starrer film Urumi, directed by Santosh Sivan. The song "Aaranne Aaranne" featuring <mask> alongside Prabhu Deva and Prithviraj Sukumaran was declared a chartbuster of the year. In 2012, she featured in her second Hollywood film Life of Pi, directed by Ang Lee. She played a supporting role as the mother of the protagonist. Her next and only release in 2013 was David, a Tamil / Hindi bilingual film, starring Vikram in the lead and directed by


texts: Bejoy Nambiar. The year 2014 saw her comeback to mainstream commercial cinema with the Salman Khan-starrer Jai Ho, a remake of the Telugu film Stalin, playing the elder sister role to Khan. The film evoked mixed responses and was successful at the box office.Following this, she teamed up with her Maqbool director Vishal Bhardwaj for his adaptation film of Shakespeare's Hamlet, titled Haider. In the adaptation, she played the role of Ghazala Meer (Gertrude) to Shahid Kapoor's Haider (Hamlet). Haider was a huge critical and commercial success, and <mask>'s performance received high critical acclaim with The New York Times saying that the film should have been titled Ghazala, rather than Haider. Her next venture saw her teaming up with actor Ajay Devgan after a gap of 16 years. She paired opposite him in Nishikant Kamat's murder-mystery film Drishyam (2015), which was a remake of the acclaimed Malayalam film with the same name. Her performance of a strict police-officer investigating her son's murder case received highly positive reviews. This was followed by a cameo appearance in Meghna Gulzar's directorial Talvar.She then starred in Abhishek Kapoor's Fitoor (2016), an adaptation of Charles Dickens' Great Expectations, opposite Aditya Roy Kapoor and Katrina Kaif, in which she essayed the role of Begum Hazrat, based on the character of Miss Havisham. Although the film did not do well at the box office, she received high criitical acclaim for her performance. Breaking from her mould of serious cinema, in 2017, <mask> starred in the fourth edition of Rohit Shetty's Golmaal (film series) titled Golmaal Again. She played the role of a ghostbuster and drew critical praises for her performance, with The Indian Express saying that her inclusion to the film is an "unexpected pleasure" and she "lifts" the film. Golmaal Again became one of the highest-grossing

masks: Tabu Tabu


texts: films of the year. Her first release in 2018 was the Mukul Abhyankar's thriller film Missing where she paired opposite Manoj Bajpai. Though her portrayal of a petrified mother was praised, the film under-performed at the box office.In 2018, she featured in a cameo role as herself in Rajkumar Hirani's biopic Sanju starring Ranbir Kapoor. She hit the peak of her popularity through Sriram Raghavan's black comedy crime thriller Andhadhun (2018) which saw her as the parallel lead Simi Sinha, alongside Ayushmann Khurrana's Akash Saraf, and drew high critical acclaim from critics. The Hindustan Times lauded Tabu asking, "Has there ever been a femme as fatal as Tabu?" Film critic Rajeev Masand praised <mask>'s portrayal mentioning that, "the film's towering performance comes from Tabu." Firstpost called <mask>, "tremendously gifted, whose chameleon-esque talent is put to great use here." It further remarked, "The manner in which <mask> (Simi) switches from one emotion to the next to the next, at one point her face and voice conveying completely different feelings, is a sight to behold." Actor Vicky Kaushal praised Tabu calling her " a goddess who is in a league of her own".Actress Kangana Ranaut said in a press interview, "I think last year, <mask>-ji gave an amazing performance in Andhadhun. I am floored by what she has done." In 2019, she appeared in Akiv Ali's romantic comedy De De Pyaar De opposite Ajay Devgn and Ali Abbas Zafar's drama Bharat co-starring Salman Khan and Katrina Kaif. In 2019, Film Companion ranked <mask>'s performance in Haider and Andhadhun among 100 Greatest Performances of the Decade. As of September 2019, she has made her comeback in Telugu films after a decade by starring in Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo, a project of Trivikram Srinivas and Allu Arjun. She has also starred in a family entertainer titled Jawaani Jaaneman (2020)

masks: Tabu Tabu Tabu Tabu Tabu


texts:
 co-starring Saif Ali Khan with whom she shared screen space after 2 decades. As of February 2021, she is filming Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2, a horror comedy by Anees Bazmee, which is scheduled to be released on 19 November  2021.Controversy
In 1998, <mask> Saath Hain along with co-stars Salman Khan, Saif Ali Khan, Sonali Bendre and Neelam Kothari. A lower court charged her with the others under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 and the IPC. She had filed a revision petition before a sessions court which discharged her of Section 51 (causing harm to wildlife) of Wildlife Act and both of 147 (punishment for rioting) and 149 (unlawful assembly of persons) of the Indian Penal Code. The Rajasthan State Government then filed a revision petition before the Rajasthan High Court at Jodhpur which again added Section 149 against her, which had been dropped earlier. In December 2012, the Jodhpur court summoned her along with all the accused for commencement of the trial with the revised charges on 4 February 2013. Although <mask> was acquitted in the blackbuck poaching case on 5 April 2018, the Rajasthan High Court issued her with a notice, challenging her acquittal on 11 March 2019. Filmography and accolades

See also
 List of Indian film actresses

References

Further reading

External links

1971 births
Living people
Indian film actresses
Actresses in Hindi cinema
Actresses in Telugu cinema
Actresses in Tamil cinema
Actresses in Malayalam cinema
Actresses in Bengali cinema
Actresses in Marathi cinema
Actresses from Hyderabad, India
Best Actress National Film Award winners
Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts
Filmfare Awards South winners
20th-century Indian actresses
21st-century Indian actresses
Female models from Hyderabad, India
Indian Muslims
South Indian International Movie Awards winners
Screen Awards winners
International Indian Film Academy

masks: Tabuath Tabu


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<mask> (born October 18, 1959) is an American businessman and politician who served in the United States House of Representatives from 2011 to 2019. A Republican from Florida, his district was numbered as  during his first two years in Congress, and it was numbered as the  during his last six years in Congress. In April 2018, <mask> announced that he would retire from Congress, and not run for re-election in 2018. Starting in 2018, <mask> became a distinguished professor of political science at Southeastern University and launched the American Center for Political Leadership (ACPL) in the Jannetides College of Business and Entrepreneurial Leadership. Early life, education, and business career
<mask> was born October 18, 1959 in  Lakeland, Florida, the youngest of five children born to Bill and <mask>. He attended Catholic school for nine years before graduating at Lakeland Senior High School in 1977. After high school, he attended the University of Florida before transferring to Auburn University where he graduated in 1981 with a Bachelor of Science Degree in Organizational Management.He then graduated from Samford University's Cumberland School of Law in 1987. <mask> went to work in the newly developed micro-computer industry working for several companies. He went on to serve briefly as an Associate with the law firm of Holland & Knight and was in-house counsel to Walt Disney World. Subsequent to his time at Disney, he opened up his own law firm, Ross Vecchio P.A., representing Business and Industry in Workers Compensation matters for over 20 years. As <mask> was elected to Congress, his former firm was required to change its name to Vecchio, Carrier, Feldman and Johannessen. Early political career
<mask> went on to work for a year as a legislative aide in St. Petersburg to State Senator <mask> in 1982. He was elected Chairman of the Polk County Republican Executive Committee, and served until 1995.In 1996, he ran unsuccessfully for the State Senate, losing to incumbent Democratic State Senator Rick Dantzler. In 2000, he ran for the 63rd district of the Florida House of Representatives, vacated by

masks:
Dennis Alan Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Loyola Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Dennis Jones


texts:
 Adam Putnam. U.S. House of Representatives

Elections
2010

<mask> decided to run for Florida's 12th congressional district, vacated for retiring Adam Putnam, who decided to run for Florida Commissioner of Agriculture. In the Republican primary, <mask> defeated John W. Lindsey, Jr. 69%–31%. In the general election, he defeated Democrat Lori Edwards, the Polk County Supervisor of Elections, TEA Party candidate Randy Wilkinson, a Polk County Commissioner, 48%–41%–11%. This was the second time <mask> succeeded Putnam. It was only the third time that a Democrat had managed to get 40 percent of the vote in this district since Andy Ireland switched parties in 1984 in what was then the 10th District (it was renumbered as the 12th after the 1990 census).In 2009 <mask> signed a pledge sponsored by Americans for Prosperity promising to vote against any Global Warming legislation that would raise taxes. 2012

After redistricting, <mask>' district was renumbered as the 15th District. No other candidate filed by the deadline, and he won re-election to a second term unopposed. Committee assignments
 United States House Committee on Financial Services
 Subcommittee on Capital Markets and Government-Sponsored Enterprises
 Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations

Caucus memberships
 Congressional Constitution Caucus
 Republican Study Committee
Congressional Western Caucus
United States Congressional International Conservation Caucus
U.S.-Japan Caucus

Political positions

Interest group ratings
<mask> had a "D" rating from marijuana legalization advocacy group NORML for his voting history regarding cannabis-related causes. <mask> had a 13% score from the Humane Society Legislative Fund for his voting history on animal rights issues. As of 2017, <mask> had an "A-" rating from the National Rifle Association. Gun policy
Following the 2017 Las Vegas shooting, <mask> signed a letter written to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives urging them to reevaluate the legal status of bump stocks, though no action has been taken as of March 2018.Of bump stocks, <mask> said, "I believe in taking the

masks: Ross Ross Ross Ross Ross Ross Ross Ross Ross Ross


texts:
 important step to outlaw devices that make a firearm simulate an automatic firearm. I fully support the Second Amendment and the right to keep and bear arms—this is about consistent enforcement of the automatic weapons ban." After the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting, <mask> released a statement announcing his support for bipartisan measures, including increasing funding for background checks, as well support for H.R. 4909, the STOP School Violence Act of 2018, which has not been voted on as of March 2018. <mask> said that the Act would "establish and support evidence-based programs to help school personnel, law enforcement, and students recognize the warning signs, develop effective threat assessments, and operate anonymous reporting programs." Tax reform

<mask> voted in favor of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. Immigration
<mask> supported President Donald Trump's 2017 executive order to impose a temporary ban on entry to the U.S. to citizens of seven Muslim-majority countries, calling the controversial order a "long overdue" measure to "ensure our country is safe from radical Islamic jihadists."Abortion
<mask> is pro-life on abortion. He was in favor of banning federal health benefits from covering abortions, as well as any federal money being used to fund abortions, the latter unless the pregnancy is the result of rape or incest or if the mother's life is in danger. He co-sponsored the Sanctity of Human Life Act, which states that life begins at fertilization. He wants to stop Planned Parenthood from receiving federal funding. After Congress
After leaving office, he became involved in political reform efforts, including joining nine other former members of Congress to co-author a 2021 opinion editorial advocating reforms of Congress. References

External links

|-

1959 births
21st-century American politicians
Auburn University alumni
Cumberland School of Law alumni
Florida Republicans
Holland & Knight associates
Living people
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Florida
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives
University of

masks: Ross Ross Ross Ross Ross


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<mask> (born August 19, 1978) is a former professional football wide receiver He was originally drafted by the Arizona Cardinals eighth overall in the 1999 NFL Draft. During <mask>'s college years he played football at Ohio State. <mask> also played for the San Diego Chargers, Miami Dolphins, and Tampa Bay Buccaneers. <mask> became a Pro Bowl selection with the Cardinals in 2001. The final years of <mask>'s career and his immediate post-football life was plagued by several arrests and other legal issues. Early years
<mask> was born in Humble, Texas, and played youth football in the Humble Area Football League. College career
After graduating from Humble High School in Humble, Texas, <mask> became a three-year starter for the Ohio State Buckeyes (1996–98).His 191 pass receptions as a Buckeye is the second most in school history (Hill, 2019). His 2,855 receiving yards were a school record until surpassed by Michael Jenkins in 2003. With 34 career touchdown receptions (and one two-point conversion), Boston averaged 5.89 points per game. Additionally, he held the school touchdown reception record until Chris Olave surpassed it in 2021. Boston's best-remembered moment remains his game-winning five-yard touchdown reception from quarterback Joe Germaine with 19 seconds remaining in the 1997 Rose Bowl. College statistics

Source:

Professional career

Pre-Draft

Arizona Cardinals
Boston left Ohio State with a year of eligibility remaining, and was drafted with the eighth overall pick in the first round of the 1999 NFL Draft by the Arizona Cardinals. In 2001, Boston had 98 receptions for 1598 yards and eight touchdowns, starting in the Pro Bowl.San Diego Chargers
Boston signed a seven-year, $47 million contract ($12 million guaranteed) with the San Diego Chargers in 2003. That season, he caught 70 passes for 880 yards and seven touchdowns, though head coach Marty Schottenheimer suspended him for a game after he cursed out strength coach Dave Redding. Despite his adequate on-field performance, Chargers GM A.J. Smith traded <mask> to the Miami Dolphins for a sixth round draft choice, citing his moody personality and

masks:
David Byron Boston
David Boston
Boston
Boston
Boston
Boston
Boston
Boston


texts:
 lackadaisical practice habits. Miami Dolphins
Before the 2004 season, <mask> tested positive for steroids and was ordered to serve a four-game suspension. The suspension became moot after he tore ligaments in his knee and was unable to play for the entire season. The Dolphins cut him at the end of the year, then proceeded to re-sign him for the veterans' minimum in 2005.He played in five games that year before tearing knee ligaments again. Tampa Bay Buccaneers
In 2006, <mask> signed with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He was released by the team on September 12, 2007 after being arrested for DUI. Toronto Argonauts
After spending the 2007 season out of football, <mask> signed with the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League on April 21, 2008. <mask> reported to training camp but his medical report showed a stress fracture in his right foot and recommended surgery. He was placed on the suspended list, never practicing or playing in the pre-season. A second doctor's opinion, however, was that it was a two-year-old injury and cleared him to play in the regular season opener on June 27, 2008, when he recorded two receptions for a total of 16 yards.Following the game, however, Boston reported feeling too much pain and opted to follow the original doctor's suggestion of surgery requiring a 10 to 12 weeks rehabilitation period. He never played another down of pro football. NFL statistics

Personal life
<mask>'s father, Byron, is an American football official in the NFL. He was not permitted to officiate regular season games in which <mask> was playing. Byron worked as a line judge for one of his son's preseason games, between the Cardinals and the San Diego Chargers on August 14, 1999. On March 27, 2000, <mask> and Na'il Diggs were traveling northbound in a Hummer on I-71 in Columbus, Ohio. A Ford Escort driven by Danielle Carfagna was traveling the wrong way on the interstate and collided with the Hummer.<mask> and Diggs were injured, and Carfagna was killed in the accident. <mask> suffered lingering nerve damage from the accident. Police were not able to determine why the woman was driving the wrong way. On

masks:
Boston
Boston
Boston
Boston
Boston
David
David Boston
Boston
Boston


texts:
 March 13, 2002, <mask> was accused of driving under the influence of cocaine and marijuana after testing positive for those drugs. He was arrested at his home after two people called 911. He pleaded no contest to misdemeanors, suspended sentence. On October 19, 2004, <mask> was accused of punching an airline ticket agent who wouldn't let him board a plane at an airport in Burlington, Vermont.He pleaded no contest, was fined $500 and paid $211 in restitution. On August 23, 2007, <mask> was arrested in Pinellas Park, Florida and charged with DUI after a failed sobriety test was conducted. <mask> was released on his own recognizance. <mask>'s breath test resulted in a reading of 0.00 BAC. On September 10, 2007 it was released to the media that <mask> tested positive for GHB, a recreational drug with questionable ties to bodybuilding. After learning of the drug charges the Buccaneers quickly came to an injury settlement with <mask> allowing him to be released. On September 12, 2007, <mask> was officially released by Tampa Bay when they decided to sign Mark Jones.On December 1, 2011, Boston was accused of beating a woman after a night of drinking in Boca Raton. Boston allegedly punched the woman twice in the head, leaving a gash requiring 10 stitches, according to a Boca Raton police report. Boston pleaded guilty to a charge of aggravated battery and received a six-month prison sentence. Judge Charles Burton said that he was extending leniency to Boston, turning down the prosecution's request for a term of four years, because of medical evidence that the defendant had incurred permanent brain injuries from the four concussions he sustained during his playing days. References

External links

Players of American football from Texas
American football wide receivers
Ohio State Buckeyes football players
Arizona Cardinals players
San Diego Chargers players
Miami Dolphins players
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
Toronto Argonauts players
National Conference Pro Bowl players
1978 births
Living people
People from Humble, Texas
American sportspeople in doping cases
Doping cases in American football
Sportspeople from Harris

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Boston
Boston
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David Boston
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<mask> or Maryon or <mask>, Lady Home (circa 1500–circa 1563) was a 16th-century Scottish noblewoman. She varied the spelling of her forename between <mask>, Marion, and Mary. She is remembered for her defence and negotiation of the surrender of Hume Castle after the Battle of Pinkie when the castle was surrounded by an English army. Afterwards she continued to struggle for the rights of her people at the village of Hume in the Scottish Borders, writing both to the English commander and the Scottish leader. Family
Mariotta was the daughter of <mask> of Dirleton Castle and Christine Wawane. She and her sisters Janet and Margaret were Patrick's heirs when he died in 1515. She married George, Lord Home before 7 April 1529.Their children included;
 Alexander Home, 5th Lord Home. Andrew Home, Commendator of Jedburgh and Restenneth. John Home of Coldenknowes (Cowdenknowes). Margaret Home, who married Alexander Erskine of Gogar, mother of Thomas Erskine, 1st Earl of Kellie. two other daughters. Mariotta's eldest sister, Janet, married William Ruthven, 2nd Lord Ruthven. Margaret married George Ker of Faldonside.On 22 June 1535, James V of Scotland confirmed Mariotta and George's ownership of lands forfeited by Alexander Home, 3rd Lord Home in return for their good service against the English enemy. At war

As the war of the Rough Wooing escalated, Regent Arran sent soldiers and guns to help defend their Castle at Hume. The English defeated the Scottish army at Pinkie near Musselburgh on Saturday 10 September 1547. Alexander Home was taken prisoner, and George was injured, and while he lay sick in Edinburgh, the

masks:
Mariotta
Marion Haliburton
Mariotta
Patrick Haliburton


texts: English army arrived at Hume on 20 September. Mariotta herself negotiated the surrender of Hume Castle with the Earl of Somerset. Her instructions were brought to the castle by Somerset Herald and her sons Andrew and John agreed to surrender. The 78 Scottish soldiers within were allowed to leave, and Andrew handed the keys to the new English captain, Sir Edward Dudley.George and her eldest son, Alexander, were taken to England and the Tower of London. Mariotta continued to write to the Earl of Somerset seeking a better deal for her own family and the border people. She complained that people in Scotland said she had given up Hume Castle for money, and marvelled that they thought she could the keep the sober barmkin of Hume against the whole English army, while the whole Scottish nobility could not keep the field. Mariotta told the Earl that she dared not show her husband his letter and the pledges her people had made to England, and asked him to make new agreements that risked only their possessions, not their loyalty to Scotland. Eventually Alexander was allowed back to Scotland, and soon on Boxing Day 1548, Hume Castle was taken from the English by a night raid. On 28 December Mariotta sent the news from Edinburgh to Mary of Guise, who had left Holyroodhouse for New Year at Stirling Castle. She wrote that her son Andrew Home had taken part in the successful assault, with John Home of Coldenknowes and John Haitlie of Mellerstain.She claimed that if more men had joined her son they could have expelled the English from Kelso. By March 1549, Mariotta was back at Hume Castle. Now she wrote to Mary of


texts:
 Guise that the troops were disturbing the villagers because they would not pay for their groceries; Mariotta insisted Guise pay the soldiers so they would not trouble the poor folk of Hume. In another letter she advised Guise to maintain discipline amongst the soldiers at this crucial time for the Auld Alliance;"Your grace maun be very scherp batht on the Franch men and on the Scottis men, or it will nocht be weill; yet ader (either) to do as aferis to tham or lat it be, they mecht never getin sa gud ane tym. Pardon me that writtis sa hamly to your grace for in gud feth it cumis of gud hart as [any] that loifis bath the honour of Scotland and Frans." In a letter to Guise written at Home Castle on 28 March 1549 she mentions a Spanish captain called the "Mour", "as sharp a man as rides". She hopes that Mary of Guise will be a "good Princess" to him and other captured Spanish soldiers.The man called the "Mour" is understood to be of African origin, and has been identified with a soldier named Pedro de Negro. <mask>'s original letters to Somerset and Guise are kept in the National Library of Scotland and the Public Record Office at Kew. An English eyewitness, William Patten, described the bloodless siege after Pinkie and Mariotta's role. Patten cited a French proverb, that the siege was ended by a 'talking castle, and a woman who listens.' Jean de Beaugué, who later joined the French army at the Siege of Haddington, also gave an account of the siege, which praises Lady Home's resolve and emphasises the role her fears for her eldest son may have played in the negotiation. Legacy
<mask>'s grandson, Alexander

masks: Mariotta Mariotta


texts:
 Home, 1st Earl of Home married Mary (Dudley) Sutton a granddaughter of Edward Dudley the English captain of Hume. In 1617 this Anglo-Scottish marital union was celebrated by her kinsman and poet David Hume of Godscroft in the Muses Welcome to the High and Mighty Prince James.Godscroft pictured the marriage as an epitome of the union of the kingdoms of England and Scotland, writing that Mary Dudley's hand now restored the houses and castles formerly destroyed in border warfare. References

Further reading
 Bain, Joseph, ed., Calendar of State Papers Scotland, vol. 1 (1898)
 Beaugué, Jean de, History of the Campaigns of 1548 and 1549, (1707) 77-82. Beaugué's account differs from William Patten's, envisaging a scene at Hume. Beaugué, Jean de, Histoire de la guerre d'Écosse pendant les campagnes 1548 et 1549, Maitland Club, Edinburgh (1830)
 Cameron, Annie I., ed., The Scottish Correspondence of Mary of Lorraine, Scottish History Society (1927)
 Historical Manuscripts Commission, 12th report part 8; Duke of Athole & Earl of Home, London (1891)
 Meikle, Maureen, A British Frontier? Lairds and Gentlemen in the Eastern Borders, Tuckwell (2004), 65-66. Patten, William, The Expedition into Scotland 1547, London (1548); various reprints, digitised by EEBO.Patten, William, edited text of The Expedition in Scotland, 1547, London (1548), in Tudor Tracts, (1903), pp.53-157

1547 in Scotland
Scottish people of the Rough Wooing
Home
Daughters of barons
People from East Lothian
16th-century Scottish people
16th-century Scottish women
Women in 16th-century warfare
Women in European warfare
1500 births
1563


texts:
<mask>   (born <mask>, 19 August 1935 – 10 February 2021) was a Hungarian-born British illustrator of history, folk tales, and animal story books. He also became known from his appearances on the Channel 4 television archaeology series Time Team, on which he visualised how sites under excavation may have once looked. <mask> was an Associate of the Royal College of Art and a Fellow of both the Royal Society of Arts and the Royal Society of Painters, Etchers and Engravers. He was also a patron of the Association of Archaeological Illustrators and Surveyors up until its merger with the Institute for Archaeologists in 2011. Early life and studies

<mask> was born on 19 August 1935 in Budapest, Hungary. He continued to live in the capital, but spent many childhood holidays in the country, where he learnt to draw horses. As he grew older he became an admirer of the illustrators Mihály Zichy, E. H. Shepard, Joyce Lankester Brisley, and the large historical paintings which he saw in public galleries.He received his secondary education at the St Imre Cistercian College, Budapest (1945–1953), before going on to study at the Hungarian Academy of Fine Arts for three years (1953–56), where he was given a thorough grounding in drawing, anatomy and print-making. His four-year course was interrupted by the unsuccessful 1956 Hungarian Revolution against the Soviet-backed government, during which a building that he and his fellow students held came under fire from the Soviets. In December 1956 he and many other students fled, first to Austria, then to Britain, where he hoped to study in the tradition of illustrators such as E. H. Shepard, John Tenniel and Arthur Rackham. From Blackbushe Airport and Crookham army camp, speaking no English, <mask> presented himself at Farnham Art School, and

masks:
Victor Ambrus
László Győző Ambrus
Ambrus
Ambrus
Ambrus


texts:
 was taken on, not to follow any particular course but to work at his drawing. Ambrus had already concentrated largely on engraving and lithography which, as he says, was an excellent training for line illustration. After two terms his tutor and the Principal of Farnham School, recognising that <mask> was ready for a higher level of study, commended him to the Royal College of Art in London. <mask> won a Gulbenkian scholarship to study printmaking and illustration there for three years (1957–60).Career in art
<mask> had had one book published in 1955 before he left Hungary; but in Britain his career as a book illustrator began during his final year at the Royal College, when he was commissioned by the publishers, Blackie, to illustrate A. C. Jenkins's White Horses And Black Bulls. While at college he took some samples of his work to Mabel George of the Oxford University Press. In his last year of the course, he was commissioned to illustrate a book that was reviewed in the Times Literary Supplement. His first real job on leaving college was to work for an advertising agency. As his freelance work increased after two years he went back to Farnham and started teaching at the Art School while doing illustration part-time. He lectured from 1963 to 1985 at Farnham, Guildford and Epsom Colleges of Art. He had a long career working for the Oxford University Press.Like many illustrators, <mask> started by doing line illustrations for novels. The children's editor at OUP, Mabel George, gave him first Hester Burton's and then K M Peyton's novels to illustrate. Both used his talent for drawing horses and with both he built up a happy working relationship. He has contributed to almost 300 books. Among his credits are illustrating several fairy tale compilations by Ruth

masks: Victor Ambrus Ambrus Ambrus


texts:
 Manning-Sanders, including The Glass Man and the Golden Bird: Hungarian Folk and Fairy Tales and Jonnikin and the Flying Basket: French Folk and Fairy Tales. He worked as the artist on the television series about archaeology, Time Team. The director and producer of the series, finding  'The Story of Britain' in Reader’s Digest, had decided that Ambrus could illustrate all the subjects they were likely to present, and invited him to take part in a pilot episode of what became Time Team on Channel 4.He designed six sets of historical stamps for the Jersey Post Office and one for the Royal Mail. He was one of seven leading British illustrators whose work was shown in the exhibition, 'The World of English Picture Books', which toured Japan in 1998. A retrospective exhibition of his work, called 'The Art of Victor Ambrus', was held at the Museum of Somerset, Taunton, in 2016. Elected
Elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Painter Etchers (R.E. 1973)
Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts 1977 (FRSA)
Elected Member of The Pastel Society (P.S. 1993)
Vice President of The Pastel Society 1995–98 (PPVPS)
2004–2007 Elected the Vice President of the Pastel Society
Hon Fellow, Society of Graphic Fine Art 2010–2021 (Hon SGFA)
He was a Fellow of both the Royal Society of Engravers and the Royal Society of Arts and an Associate of the Royal College of Art, where he earned his degree
Elected Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London 2019 (FSA)

Personal life
In 1958, while at the Royal College, Ambrus married fellow student Glenys R. Chapman. His wife also had a career as an illustrator of children's books.They had two sons, Mark and Sándor. <mask> died on 10 February 2021, at the age of 85. Awards

 1965 Kate Greenaway Medal for British children's book illustration
 1975 Kate


texts:
 Greenaway Medal
Ambrus twice received the Kate Greenaway Medal from the British Library Association, recognising the year's best children's book illustration by a British subject: the 1965 Medal for The Three Poor Tailors and the 1975 for Mishka and Horses in Battle. All three books were both written and illustrated by Ambrus and published by Oxford. He was also a commended runner up for three Medals: 1963 for both The Royal Navy by Peter Dawlish and A Time of Trial by Hester Burton; 1964 for work in general; and 1971 for The Sultan's Bath, written by himself. 1993, Daler Rowney Prize
 1993, World Wildlife Fund Prize, Society of Wildlife Artists
 1996, Royal Academy of Arts, Arts Club Drawing Prize

Works

Writing

Illustration
Books Illustrated by Glenys and <mask>brus

Books Illustrated by <mask>rus

written by Hester Burton

written by Jane Duncan

written by Helen Griffiths

written by Elyne Mitchell

written by K. M. Peyton

written by Rosemary Sutcliff

B Written by other authors

References

Citations

Further reading

External links

 Association of Archaeological Illustrators and Surveyors
 <mask>brus papers at the De Grummond Children's Literature Collection
 Somerset Archaeology on Film: The Art of <mask>brus
 "Victor Ambrus: A Time Team Tribute" - Time Team's official YouTube, 20 February 2021

1935 births
2021 deaths
Alumni of the Royal College of Art
Archaeologists appearing on Time Team
Artists from Budapest
Associates of the Royal College of Art
British children's book illustrators
British illustrators
Fellows of the Royal Society of Arts
Hungarian children's book illustrators
Hungarian emigrants to the United Kingdom
Hungarian illustrators
Hungarian University of Fine Arts alumni
Kate Greenaway Medal winners
Writers who illustrated their own

masks:
Victor Am
Victor Amb
Victor Am
Victor Am


texts:
<mask> better known as <mask>,  (26 November 1874 – 15 October 1963) was a Jewish French writer, thinker, novelist, essayist and playwright of the 20th century. <mask>’s oeuvre was crucial in constructing a modern French Jewish identity, rendering him an instrumental figure in the Jewish awakening during the interwar years. After World War I, Jewish writers began articulating a new, cultural definition of what it meant to be a Jew within the context of French Third Republic universalism. Through his writings — based on Jewish and Christian texts—Fleg formed the foundation of a modern French Jewish spirituality and self-understanding, which allowed secular French Jews to preserve their Jewish identity. In doing so, <mask> was calling for an exploration of the living texts of traditional Judaism as the basis for a modern Jewish identity, establishing a new literary direction devoted to re-interpreting biblical texts and legends, and liturgies. Life

<mask> was born in Geneva on 26 November 1874 to a Swiss-based Alsatian Jewish family. At the time of his birth, <mask>’s parents were residing in Geneva, but their familial roots were in France.Given their connection to France, Fleg's family expressed a strong loyalty to the emancipatory values of the French Revolution when Jews were granted full citizenship. As French-identified Jews, Fleg's parents found the principles of Judaism as they understood them to be identical with the liberal ideals of the French revolution: tolerance, equality, and freedom. Throughout his childhood, Fleg received both a religious and secular

masks:
Edmond Flegenheimer
Edmond Fleg
Fleg
Fleg
Edmond Fleg
Fleg


texts: education. As a young boy, Fleg quickly began to question god, spirituality, and religion. While reflecting on his Bar Mitzvah, Fleg recalled, “I had no understanding of Hebrew, I didn’t understand one word.” According to Fleg the entire spectacle felt artificial to him. Years later he would say, “lying in bed, my soul was searching, asking the Eternal to show me when Judaism had become so distasteful.” He developed a disdain for his parent's apparent inconsistencies and found the rabbi and cantor to be boring and uninspiring. He began his formal education, first, in Paris at the Lycée Louis Le Grand and then at École Normale Supérieure.Both institutions were known for its emphasis on Neo-Kantianism which appealed to middle-class Frenchman such as <mask>. In 1899 he qualified as a teacher of the German language. He became the best friend of the editor Lucien Moreau (1875–1932), later one of the leaders of the Action Française. They agreed that Jewish and French nationalisms "traveled in parallel lines", and rejected assimilation. During World War One, <mask> joined the French Foreign Legion in order to fight for his adopted country. He won the Croix de Guerre and he was honored later, in 1937, by being made an officer of the Legion of Honor. From 1904 to 1920 <mask> was a successful playwright.His work was influenced by the disturbances caused by the Dreyfus affair, by his participation in the Third Zionist Congress in Basel and by the reports of pogroms. The antisemitism unleashed by the Dreyfus affair, which put France in turmoil, shattered Fleg's world view. <mask>

masks: Fleg Fleg Fleg Fleg


texts:
 would later write: “Initially the Dreyfus Affair passed unnoticed for me...but later it pushed me into reality and the ‘Jewish problem.’ It became very difficult to forget completely that you were a Jew.” As the affair progressed, Fleg had no doubt that Dreyfus was innocent. This woke Fleg up to the political and social realities around him. <mask> came to believe that the injustice was a sign that he shared the same destiny of Dreyfus by the mere fact that they were both Jews, whether he liked it or not. <mask>, and other Franco-Jewish intellectuals developed a deep sense of betrayal, and many began openly identifying as Dreyfusards. This is also when Fleg heard for the first time about Zionism.Ecoute, Israël appeared between 1913 and 1948, and the Anthologie juive from 1923 to 1953. In 1928 F. die Schrift published his Pourquoi je suis juif. In 1949 he was co-founder of the Amitiés judéo-chrétiennes. His 1960 work Vers le Monde qui vient gave his message of hope with which he wanted to build a bridge to Christianity. Both of <mask>'s sons were killed fighting for France in the Second World War. <mask> died in Paris on 15 October 1963. Works
<mask>'s writing can be divided into three main categories: religious poetry, biographical works, and autobiographical and other essays on Jewish themes.Considered to be one of France’s leading writers, he authored  countless essays, 17 plays and operas, 10 books of poetry and four novels. He also he compiled anthologies, and translated and adapted work by other writers and poets. Books

 Anthologie juive (1921; The Jewish

masks:
Fleg
Fleg
Fleg
Edmond Fleg
Edmond Fleg


texts:
 Anthology, 1925)
 L'Enfant prophète (1926; The Boy Prophet, 1928)
 Pourquoi je suis Juif (1928; Why I am a Jew, 1929),
 The life of Solomon (1930)
 Jésus, raconté par le Juif Errant (1933; Jesus, Told by the Wandering Jew, 1934)
 Ecoute Israël (1921)
 Ma Palestine (1932; The Land of Promise, 1933)
 Nous de l'Esperance (1949)
 La Terre que Dieu habite (1953; The Land in which God Dwells, 1955)

Plays

 La Maison du Bon Dieu (1920)
 Le Juif du Pape (1925; The Pope's Jew)
 Le Message (1904)
 La Bête (1910)
 Le Trouble-fête (1913). Biographies

 Moïse raconté par les Sages (1928; The Life of Moses, 1928)
 Salomon (1930; The Life of Solomon, 1929)

Translations

 Shalom Aleichem and the Passover Haggadah (1925)
 Selections from Maimonides' Guide and from the Zohar. Poetry

 La Mur des Pleurs / Wall of Weeping (1919)
Hear O Israel
The Lord is our God,
The Lord is One,
And thou shalt love the Lord. Translations
He translated a part of the Bible in French; Genesis in 1946 and Exodus in 1963. Opera Librettist

 Ernest Bloch's Macbeth
 George Enescu's  Œdipe.He was originally commissioned to write the libretto in 1912, and completed a long version within that year. References

Sources

Further reading

1874 births
1963 deaths
Bible translators
20th-century French novelists
20th-century French poets
20th-century French dramatists and playwrights
French opera librettists
20th-century French translators
Writers from Geneva
Swiss Jews
French male essayists
French male poets
French male novelists
French male dramatists and playwrights
20th-century French


texts:
<mask> (born September 20, 1966) is a Portuguese guitarist, singer-songwriter, and record producer. He became known as the lead guitarist of the Boston rock band Extreme. He has also recorded a solo album as well as having founded bands including Mourning Widows, Population 1, DramaGods, and The Satellite Party. In 2007, he also reunited with Extreme to record new music and tour. Early years
<mask> was born on September 20, 1966 in Praia da Vitória, Terceira, Azores, Portugal, to <mask> and wife Aureolina da Cunha Gil de Ávila. When he was four years old, his family, including brothers Luís and Roberto, moved to Hudson, Massachusetts. Initially, <mask> had little interest in music, wanting to become an actor and preferring to spend his time playing hockey and football.His first instrument was the drums, and he played them exclusively until his brother Luís started teaching him the guitar. While <mask> was slow to adopt the instrument under his brother's tutelage, his skills quickly developed when he began teaching himself, and he has mentioned in many interviews that he would skip many school days to practice upwards of seven hours a day. In his sophomore and junior years of high school, <mask> dropped out of sports so he could focus on playing guitar. He eventually dropped out of high school altogether, for the same reason. As a guitarist, one of <mask>'s earliest influences was Eddie Van Halen. However, as he developed his craft as a guitarist and a songwriter, his influences expanded to embrace the Beatles, Led Zeppelin, Prince, Queen (Brian May), Ronni Le Tekrø (TNT), Pat Travers, Paco de Lucía, Al Di Meola, and Kayak. Career

Extreme

Unable to make a dent in the music world with his Boston-based hair metal act Sinful, <mask> rose to international prominence as a guitar

masks:
Nuno Duarte Gil Mendes Bettencourt
Bettencourt
Ezequiel Mendes Bettencourt
Bettencourt
Bettencourt
Bettencourt
Bettencourt
Bettencourt


texts:
 player after he joined the Boston-area group Extreme in 1985.Signed to A&M Records shortly after <mask> joined the group, the band released its debut record, Extreme, in 1989. He then provided rhythm guitar on the single version of Janet Jackson's "Black Cat," which became a number one hit on the Billboard Hot 100. In 1990, Extreme released their most critically acclaimed album, Pornograffitti, which included the hits "More Than Words" and "Hole Hearted". Pornograffitti garnered admiration for <mask> from rock guitar enthusiasts. He was voted "Best New Talent" in a 1991 readers' poll by Guitar World magazine, and that magazine later named him "Most Valuable Player" of 1991. The band followed up with III Sides to Every Story in 1992. <mask> composed and arranged the brass and string sections, and full orchestra for this album.In 1995, Extreme released the album Waiting for the Punchline, but the band broke up in 1996 when <mask> expressed his desire to follow a solo career. Shortly afterward, singer Gary Cherone became the lead singer of Van Halen. Hiatus from Extreme
In 1997, <mask> released his first solo effort, Schizophonic, which he had been working on for five years. The album was well-received critically, but was not a commercial success. On December 16, 1997, <mask>'s new band Mourning Widows (whose name was inspired by writing he had seen on a church wall in Portugal) released their self-titled debut album in Japan on Polydor Records. It sold 45,000 in the first month. The band featured his brother Roberto Carlos's son <mask> on bass and New York drummer Jeff Consi.In 2000, Mourning Widow's follow-up, Furnished Souls for Rent originally released in Japan, and then in the U.S. Both Mourning Widows releases cultivated a strong following in Japan and New England.

masks:
Bettencourt
Bettencourt
Bettencourt
Bettencourt
Bettencourt
Bettencourt
Donovan Bettencourt


texts:
 Bettencourt formed the recording entity Population 1 and released the self-titled and self-produced 2002 release, Population 1, on Universal/Japan and YBM/Korea. In 2004, Population 1 released Sessions from Room Four. Due to legal issues, the band was renamed to Near Death Experience in 2005. The band was then renamed DramaGods. DramaGods released its first album in December 2005 as an import; it was made available as a digital download in 2006.<mask>'s playing has been featured at 2004 on the Universal/Japan CD and DVD release of Guitar Wars featuring solo and collective performances of <mask> with many others, including Steve Hackett (Genesis, GTR), Led Zeppelin bassist John Paul Jones and Mr. Big/Racer X guitarist Paul Gilbert. <mask> was the lead guitarist for Satellite Party, which is a band formed by Jane's Addiction frontman Perry Farrell's. <mask> played with the band at the 2005 Lollapalooza festival. <mask> helped produce Ultra Payloaded, the debut album by Satellite Party released on May 29, 2007 on Columbia Records. In late July 2007, <mask> departed Satellite Party due to concerns about the direction of the band's live show. Return to Extreme
In 2007, Extreme reformed with its original lineup (with the exception of Paul Geary) to begin work on a new album, Saudades de Rock. The album was released on August 12, 2008.Other works
In 2008, <mask> was featured on the soundtrack for the motion picture Smart People. <mask> is credited on the cover on the soundtrack as well. The soundtrack also features the Gary Cherone track, "Need I Say More", and Baby Animals selections. The album was released by Hollywood Records and is available on iTunes. The following year, <mask> was featured in a song and video called "Best Night Ever" by Marshall Eriksen, a character on How I

masks: Bettencourt Bettencourt Bettencourt Bettencourt Bettencourt Bettencourt Bettencourt Bettencourt Bettencourt


texts:
 Met Your Mother. The video was a parody of Extreme's "More Than Words" video, in which the entire main cast of How I Met Your Mother made appearances. Work with other artists

In 1990, <mask> played rhythm guitar on the single version of Janet Jackson's "Black Cat," which was his first pop collaboration and a number one hit.In 1991, <mask> produced Dweezil Zappa's release on Barking Pumpkin Records, Confessions. On this record <mask> also sings lead vocals for the first time, on a semi-ballad entitled "The Kiss", as well as playing guitar and singing background vocals on some other tracks. Extreme members Gary Cherone and Pat Badger also contributed. In 1993, <mask> co-wrote and produced "Where Are You Going" for the Super Mario Bros. movie. He also joined Robert Palmer in the studio to record Palmer's album Honey. According to former Journey lead singer Steve Perry, <mask> has teamed with him to write and arrange songs. He also has writing and recording engagements with Maverick Records' Tantric (Bettencourt co-wrote Tantric's hit single "Hey Now"), Hollywood recording group BB Mak, Toni Braxton, and numerous others.<mask> has also collaborated with singer Suze DeMarchi and with all of her Baby Animals bandmates. On Baby Animals' second release, Shaved and Dangerous, he produced a few songs and co-wrote "Because I Can". He also contributed to the writing, recording, and production of DeMarchi's solo debut from 1999, Telelove. In 1999, <mask> produced the album Magnolia, for the Portuguese singer and actress Lúcia Moniz. He also featured as singer and guitarist in the song "Try Again", which was included in Magnolia. In 2006, <mask> along with his band DramaGods contributed their song "S'OK" to the album project Artists for Charity—Guitarists 4 the Kids, produced by Slang

masks: Bettencourt Bettencourt Bettencourt Bettencourt Bettencourt Bettencourt Bettencourt Bettencourt


texts:
 Productions to assist World Vision Canada in helping underprivileged kids in need. In November 2009, <mask> announced that he would be touring with Barbadian singer Rihanna on her Last Girl on Earth Tour as lead guitarist, having appeared alongside her in several TV shows and other performances.He has since performed as Rihanna's lead guitarist on every subsequent tour, including her Loud (2010), 777 (2012) and Diamonds World (2013) tours. In July 2011, Steel Panther reported to Loud magazine that <mask> would be "coming in to do something" on their then-upcoming release Balls Out. The collaboration resulted in the track "It Won't Suck Itself", which also featured Nickelback frontman Chad Kroeger. Personal life
<mask> married Suze DeMarchi, lead singer of Australian band Baby Animals, in 1994. They had two children together, Bebe <mask> born in 1996 and Lorenzo Aureolino <mask> in 2002. The couple separated in 2009. Discography

References

External links
Official site

[ <mask> <mask>] at Allmusic
<mask> <mask> at Discogs

1966 births
American heavy metal guitarists
American music arrangers
American people of Azorean descent
American tenors
American rock singers
American male singer-songwriters
Extreme (band) members
Lead guitarists
Living people
People from Hudson, Massachusetts
People from Praia da Vitória
Portuguese emigrants to the United States
Portuguese expatriates in the United States
Portuguese guitarists
Portuguese record producers
Portuguese male singer-songwriters
Warner Records artists
Singer-songwriters from Massachusetts
American male guitarists
American rock songwriters
Portuguese singer-songwriters
Guitarists from Massachusetts
Record producers from Massachusetts
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American male musicians
Generation Axe

masks: Bettencourt Nuno Bettencourt Bettencourt Bettencourt Nuno Bettencourt Nuno Bettencourt


texts:
<mask> is an American painter and visual artist and record producer who is noted for her evolving, self-taught abstract style that encompasses numerous genres and media. <mask>'s art has been in gallery exhibitions in Europe and the United States, particularly in Chicago and New York. Prior to 2000 (when she turned to visual arts and painting as her full-time focus), Parrilli was a singer. More recently, she was executive producer of the album Angels Bend Closer (2016) by Canadian singer/songwriter Jane Siberry. Early career

Parrilli began singing at age 11 after her father was killed by a drunk driver; months later, her family was left homeless after surviving a devastating house fire. Parrilli embraced creativity and began to express her pain and suffering through music, writing, and art. She graduated from DePaul University in 1971 with a Bachelor of Arts in Music.Under the stage name "<mask>", <mask> headlined at the Sahara in Las Vegas in 1979, and produced and performed a one-woman variety show act that a contemporary review noted to be influenced by "Judy Garland, Liza Minnelli and Jacques Brel". Parrilli released a private-issue LP entitled Dellamaire which featured a six-song Judy Garland medley and a collection of standards and showtunes. In 1992, <mask>'s show "Judy: The Songs and Stories of a Legend" was about to open on Broadway, when <mask> was diagnosed with Sjögren's syndrome and Lyme disease. The two conditions left her unable to sing, and abruptly ended her singing and performance career. In 1998, <mask> and a partner opened a restaurant in Chicago named Hoxie's, which won the Chicago Tribune Dining Poll for "Best New Restaurant" one month after it opened. The restaurant closed in 2000, after Parrilli

masks:
Dellamarie Parrilli
Parrilli
Dellamarie
Parrilli
Parrilli
Parrilli
Parrilli


texts:
 contracted a bacterial infection from wounds inflicted by a dog in two separate attacks. After her recovery, Parrilli suffered a bronchial infection from toxic mold discovered in her home.As a visual artist

Parrilli turned to art as a full-time pursuit after her bouts with illness. <mask>'s first public art exhibition was held in the gallery of the Fine Arts Building (Chicago) in Chicago in February 2002 and was followed by long run of exhibitions in New York and Chicago. <mask>'s art has received numerous awards, and her work is featured in numerous private and corporate collections throughout the United States. Art critic Ed McCormack described Parrilli's self-taught style as "adventurous and constantly evolving", and Schirmer Encyclopedia of Art author Ann Landi noted that Parrilli had "developed her own expressionist vocabulary," while also noting the "obvious sophistication and parallels with mainstream modernism" that distinguished her work. NY Arts magazine praised Parrilli on her "audacity to tackle seemingly worn-out formulas, to give them a mighty shake, and to conjure something that is all her own." Evolution of style

Parrilli's early works (circa 2002-2004) utilized oils that were applied with "staccato pallet knife strokes", and were often characterized by the frequent use of a "distinctive violet hue." McCormack called her "one of the most worthy successors to the action painters," and noted that her use of saturated color "conveys the sensation of light rather than inert pigment".Curator Ruthie Tucker claimed that <mask>'s early work "express[es] the struggle with light and color," and "achieves a rarity in the genre of abstract painting: she creates art that is inherently dynamic and meditative." Parrilli

masks: Parrilli Parrilli Parrilli


texts: opted to work directly on the canvas without utilizing preliminary sketches, which created a spontaneity that Metropolitan Museum of Art lecturer Nancy di Benedetto claimed "flows and pulsates with a resonance from the world around her." di Benedetto also pointed out the strong influence of <mask>'s performing career upon her early art, stating that Parrilli "literally sings and dances on the canvases." By 2007, <mask>'s style continued to use oils, but had changed to a layered pour and drip technique. Although created in a style similar to Jackson Pollock, this period of Parrilli's work also dabbled in a style that alluded to Asian screen painting, and included a set of paintings that were "dominated by large, bold areas of bright primaries." Parrilli continued to utilize the violet hues she favored previously, as well as bright colors in "unlikely-yet-complementary color combinations" that prompted McCormack to comment that "it often appears that she has dipped her brush in liquid light rather than physical pigment." <mask>'s fascination with light would gain even more prominence as her art developed.In 2008, <mask> began a nine-month search to find materials conducive to conveying an even stronger luminescence. This search led <mask> to find and use a polycarbonate sheeting normally used for industrial purposes. This set of polycarbon based works continued to draw influence from Eastern painting techniques, "embrac[ing] both Eastern and Western picture-making strategies without coming down firmly on one side or the other." In the 2010s, <mask> moved to Los Angeles, where she employed even more disparate and unusual media and techniques. As of 2014, her Los Angeles-based work operates in several separate and distinct styles,

masks: Parrilli Parrilli Parrilli Parrilli Parrilli Parrilli


texts:
 those being three-dimensional polycarbon on acrylic cubes; large watercolors on canvas with added acrylic textures and/or "wet on wet" painting techniques; and similarly large acrylic on canvas paintings that McCormack described as "muscular and "juicy", with enormous paint strokes "broad enough to have been painted with a broom rather than an ordinary brush." Exhibitions

<mask>'s work has been exhibited in many U.S. and European galleries. Solo exhibitions of her work include: "Reflections: Journeys Within And Beyond" (2002), Fine Arts Building gallery, Chicago, IL; "Between Here … And There" (2006) and "Rhapsodic Abstractions: Variations On A Theme" (2007), Ezair Gallery, Southampton, New York; "Into The Light" (2008), Walter Wickiser Gallery, New York, NY; "Jackson Pollock Meets Bette Midler" and "Beyond Barriers" (2009), The Palmer Gallery, Chicago, IL.<mask>’s work has been featured in numerous group exhibitions, including: "Chelsea Global Competition" (2002), Amsterdam Whitney Fine Art Gallery, New York, NY; "Viridian Affiliate Artists" exhibition (2003), Viridian Artists, New York, NY; Vernita Nemec, Director; "Abstract Impressions" (2005), CCT Gallery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; "Evocative Expressions" (2006), Cork Gallery, Lincoln Center For The Performing Arts, NY; "Biennale Internazionale Dell'arte Contemporanea" (2007), Fortezza da Basso, Florence, Italy; "Moscow International Festival of Art—Traditions and Contemporaneity" (2009), Moscow, Russia; "Visual Interpretations" (2009) GalleriaZero, Barcelona, Spain; and "Lush Xhibit" (2009), Preston Contemporary Art Center, Misilla, New Mexico. Honors and awards

Parrilli has received numerous awards and honors, including: Richard W. and Wanda Gardner Memorial

masks: Parrilli Parrilli


texts:
 Award (2002) for "Searching For The Divine", Northern Indiana Arts Association, 59th Annual Salon Show (juror: Paul Sierra); Manhattan Arts International Artist Showcase Award (2002) for "Manhattan Rhythm" in the "I Love Manhattan" competition (jurors: Edward Rubin and Renée Phillips); Best of Show, for "Rhapsody In Blue", Jazz: Visual Improvisations (2003), Target Gallery, Alexandria, VA (juror: Sam Gilliam, international artist); Chelsea Global Showcase Winner (2003) for "Manhattan Rhythm", Amsterdam Whitney International Fine Art, Inc.; Award Of Excellence (2003) for "Desire", Manhattan Arts International, 20th Anniversary Competition, New York, NY (jurors: Nancy di Benedetto, Renee Phillips, NY); Award Of Excellence (2003) for "Journey To Self Discovery", Manhattan Arts International, "The Healing Power Of Art", New York, NY; Artist Showcase Award Winner (2004) for "Life, Love And The Art Of Celebration", Manhattan Arts International, "The Healing Power Of Art" (juror: E. Jay Weiss). As a record producer

In 2016, Parrilli served as executive producer of Canadian singer/songwriter Jane Siberry's album Angels Bend Closer. Parrilli also worked as art director and photographer for the album release. Siberry credited Parrilli for adding a renewed energy and focus to the album's arrangements. The album was featured in NPR All Things Considered's 2016 "The Year In Music" year-end review, and has received positive reviews from ABC News, The Associated Press and Popdose. References

External links
Official website
Dellamarie Parrilli

1949 births
Living people
American women painters
American women singers
American jewelry designers
American musical theatre actresses
Painters from Illinois
21st-century American women


texts:
Empress <mask> (王皇后, personal name unknown) (8 BC – 23 AD), formally Empress Xiaoping (孝平皇后), formally during her father <mask>'s Xin dynasty Duchess Dowager of Ding'an (定安太后) then Princess Huanghuang (黃皇室主), was an empress during the Han Dynasty and the last empress of the Western Han Dynasty. She was the daughter of the eventual usurper <mask>, who established the Xin Dynasty. Her husband was <mask>. She is largely viewed by historians as a tragic figure, the victim of circumstances who tried to remain loyal to her husband of only a few years, but whose faithfulness to her husband's dynasty eventually led her to commit suicide at the end of her father's reign. Family background
Empress <mask> was born in 8 BC, to <mask> and his wife <mask>, the daughter of <mask> (王咸) the Marquess of Yichun. By the time of her birth, her father had resigned from his powerful position as commander of the armed forces, which he held under his cousin Emperor Cheng and briefly under Emperor Cheng's successor and nephew Emperor Ai. Her father was hated by Emperor Ai's grandmother Grand Empress Dowager Fu.However, in 1 BC, after Emperor Ai's death, <mask>'s aunt Grand Empress Dowager <mask> seized power back from Emperor Ai's male favourite (and probable lover) Dong Xian and recalled <mask> to serve as regent to her step-grandson, the young <mask>. Marriage
Once <mask> became regent, he built a personality cult around himself and became very popular. In 2 AD, <mask> decided to cement his position by having his daughter married to Emperor <mask>. He declared, in accordance with ancient customs, that Emperor <mask> would have one wife and 11 concubines, and started a selection process by identifying eligible noble young ladies. He disingenuously petitioned Grand Empress Dowager <mask> that his daughter not be considered, and then

masks:
Wang
Wang Mang
Wang Mang
Emperor Ping
Wang
Wang Mang
Lady Wang
Wang Xian
Wang Mang
Wang
Wang Mang
Emperor Ping
Wang Mang
Wang Mang
Ping
Ping
Wang


texts:
 started a petition apparently driven by the people to have his daughter selected as empress. The petitioners stormed the palace, and Grand Empress Dowager <mask>, overwhelmed by the display of affection for <mask>, ordered that <mask>'s daughter be made empress. In 4 AD, <mask> officially married her and made her empress.Young widowhood and temporary status as empress dowager
By circa 5 AD, Emperor <mask> appeared to have grown out of a heart condition that he had suffered from, and it became plain that he resented <mask> for slaughtering his uncles in 3 AD and not allowing his mother to visit him in the capital, Chang'an. <mask>g therefore resolved to murder the emperor. In the winter of 5 AD, <mask>g gave pepper wine (considered in those days to be capable of chasing away evil spirits) to the 14-year-old emperor, but had the wine spiked with poison. As the emperor was suffering the effects of the poison, <mask> wrote a secret petition to the gods, in which he offered to substitute his life for Emperor <mask>'s, and then had the petition locked away. Historians generally believe that <mask> had two motives in doing this—to absolve himself of involvement in the poisoning if <mask> recovered from the poisoning, and to leave evidence of his faithfulness for posterity. After a few days of suffering, Emperor <mask> died making Empress <mask> a widow at the age of 13. After <mask>'s death, <mask> assumed the unprecedented title of acting emperor (假皇帝).In 6 AD, <mask> selected <mask>'s cousin-once-removed (a great-great-grandson of Emperor Xuan), the one-year-old Liu Ying as the next emperor (to be known as Emperor Ruzi). However, using Emperor Ruzi's young age as a pretext, <mask> retained his role as acting emperor, while Liu Ying was given the title crown prince. Empress <mask> was given the title empress

masks:
Wang
Wang Mang
Wang Mang
Emperor Ping
Ping
Wang Mang
Wang Man
Wang Man
Wang Mang
Ping
Wang Mang
Emperor Ping
Ping
Wang
Emperor Ping
Wang Mang
Wang Mang
Emperor Ping
Wang Mang
Wang


texts:
 dowager. <mask> promised at the time that he would return the throne to Emperor Ruzi as soon as he was old enough, but in 8 AD, <mask> seized the throne and established the Xin Dynasty. In 9 AD, the toddler Emperor Ruzi was created the Duke of Ding'an (定安公), and Empress Dowager <mask> was given the title of Duchess Dowager of Ding'an. Life during Xin Dynasty
Traditional historical accounts describe Empress <mask> as an unhappy widow during her father's reign, still retaining her loyalty to the overthrown Han Dynasty. She often claimed to be ill and refused to attend imperial gatherings.<mask>, believing that he could solve her unhappiness by having her remarry, changed her title from Duchess Dowager of Ding'an to Princess Huanghuang in 10 AD, terminating her formal linkage with the Han Dynasty. He also intended to marry her to the son of one of his important officials, Sun Jian (孫建). He instructed Sun Jian's son to dress himself well and accompany physicians to go visit Princess Huanghuang. She was greatly offended and would not receive any guests afterwards. Also in 10 AD, another potential suitor for Princess Huanghuang would get himself in trouble for the way that he tried to marry her. Zhen Xun (甄尋), the mayor of Chang'an and the son of <mask>'s trusted ally and friend Zhen Feng (甄豐), had designs on both greater power and Princess Huanghuang. Because <mask> relied on spreading false prophecies to the people to persuade them that he was entitled to be the emperor, Zhen Feng took the chance to create some false prophecies of his own.His first attempt was a prophecy that indicated that the empire should be divided into two parts, each with a viceroy—with the western empire having his father Zhen Feng as viceroy, and the eastern empire having another important official <mask> (平晏) as viceroy. <mask>, although

masks:
Wang Mang
Wang Mang
Wang
Wang
Wang Mang
Wang Mang
Wang Mang
Ping Yan
Wang Mang


texts:
 displeased, decided to go along with this prophecy, and in fact commissioned Zhen Feng and <mask> as viceroys. Having seen the positive effect of his first false prophecy, Zhen Xun created a second false prophecy—that Princess Huanghuang should be married to him. <mask> decided to take this chance to suppress all prophecies that did not come from him, and ordered that Zhen Xun be arrested. Zhen Feng committed suicide, while Zhen Xun fled. In 11 AD, he was finally arrested and exiled to Sanwei (三危, in modern Jiuquan, Gansu). Death
There are no further known historical records about Princess Huanghuang until 23 AD.At that time, her father's Xin Dynasty was in a shambles, with various rebellions rising against him. One of the strongest rebel forces, under Liu Xuan, a distant descendant of the Han Dynasty imperial house, having entered the capital, Chang'an, the people of Chang'an rose against <mask> as well. They set fire to the main imperial palace, Weiyang Palace, and the fire quickly spread to the part of the palace where Princess Huanghuang lived. She sighed and said, "How can I again face my Han relations?" She then threw herself into the fire and died. Her father was killed shortly afterwards. Inclusion in the Lienü zhuan
Her biography was added to the Lienü zhuan (Biographies of Exemplary Women), which was first started by the Han dynasty scholar Liu Xiang.Empress <mask>'s biography is part of Scroll 9, titled Supplemental Biographies  (新刊續列女傳). Ancestry

References
 Book of Han, vols. 97, Part 2, 99, Parts 1, 2, 3. Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 35, 36, 37, 39. |-

Han dynasty empresses
Ancient Chinese princesses
8 BC births
23 deaths
1st-century BC Chinese women
1st-century BC Chinese people
1st-century Chinese women
1st-century Chinese people
Suicides in China
Ancient people who committed suicide
Daughters of

masks:
Ping
Wang Mang
Wang Mang
Wang


texts:
<mask> (1949 – May 18, 1973) was a Turkish communist revolutionary, who was an important leader of the communist movement in Turkey and the founder of the Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist-Leninist (TKP/ML). He is revered by many today as a symbol of resistance and as an aggregator of the ideas of other major leaders and thinkers in Marxism–Leninism–Maoism. <mask> was captured after being wounded in an engagement with the Turkish military in Tunceli Province in 1973, and executed in Diyarbakir Prison four months later. Life
<mask> was born in 1949 to a Turkish Alevi family. In his youth he delivered political magazines in the neighboring villages. Later he was exposed to revolutionary ideas as a student in the Physics Department of Istanbul University’s Faculty of Science. He became a member of the Revolutionary Workers and Peasants Party of Turkey.In 1967 he was one of the founders of a local branch of the Federation of Idea Clubs (). He joined the foundation of the Çapa Idea Club () in March 1968 and became the President of the club. In November 1968, <mask> was expelled from the University for preparing a leaflet against the visiting 6th Fleet of the U.S. Navy. <mask>, who adopted the view of National Democratic Revolution, worked for the newspaper İşçi Köylü ("Worker-Peasant"). He wrote articles in the magazines Aydınlık ("Enlightenment") and TÜRKSOLU ("Turkish Left"; not to be confused with the modern magazine Türksolu). <mask> then split from Doğu Perinçek and his group, as he considered Perinçek to be a revisionist and an opportunist. <mask>, who participated in the struggle of peasantry, formed TİKKO (, "Workers' and Peasants'

masks:
İbrahim Kaypakkaya
Kaypakkaya
Ibrahim Kaypakkaya
Kaypakkaya
Kaypakkaya
Kaypakkaya
Kaypakkaya


texts:
 Liberation Army"), the armed wing of his Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist-Leninist, and carried out activities in the cities of Tunceli, Malatya, and Gaziantep.<mask> and his comrades interrogated and shot the informer village headman who caused the killing of THKO (; "People's Liberation Army of Turkey") members Sinan Cemgil and his two other comrades by the state forces during a gunfight. <mask> became a symbol of revolutionary solidarity and camaraderie to his supporters during the period of martial law. Capture and death
Following the military memorandum of 1971, the Turkish government cracked down on the Communist movement in Turkey. On 24 January 1973, <mask> and his allies were attacked by Turkish military forces in the mountains of Tunceli. He was wounded badly, and his comrade Ali Haydar Yıldız died. The military left Kaypakkaya for dead, allowing him to avoid capture. During that winter, severe weather conditions and snow forced him to take shelter in a cave for five days.Thereafter, he left for a village where he asked for assistance from a local teacher. Initially, the man allowed Kaypakkaya to take shelter in a room but then locked the door and reported him to the military. The military officers tortured <mask> under custody in Diyarbakır Prison, infamous for its brutal treatment of inmates, for four months. In one instance, he was tortured for two weeks after which he was forced to walk barefoot over 50 km snow and icy rivers from city to city. The Turkish Government persecuted and the destroyed the leadership of the TKP/ML. <mask>, and several of his colleagues were arrested. <mask> was executed by shooting in prison in 1973

masks: Kaypakkaya Kaypakkaya Kaypakkaya Kaypakkaya Kaypakkaya Kaypakkaya


texts:
 after being tortured for over 4 months.On 18 May 1973, he was tortured to the brink of death and then shot and killed by military officers at the age of twenty-four. His corpse was mutilated and cut up. The National Intelligence Organization (, MİT) reported that <mask> was the most dangerous revolutionary in Turkey and a serious threat to the non-communist government. Cultural legacy
After his death, <mask> became a martyr for the Turkish Communist revolutionary movement by "choosing to die rather than give information." Despite his young age, he was one of the most prominent Marxist theorists of Turkey. <mask>'s most well known work is his critique of Kemalism, the state principles of Turkey, and his thesis on the national question, notably the Kurdish question. Today, he is revered as a symbol of resistance in Turkey and in other countries.Doctrine
His doctrinal views were based on splitting away from the neighboring Soviet Union's ideology and taking up Maoism and supporting the Cultural Revolution. As such, <mask>'s life was heavily shaped by the Sino-Soviet split. <mask> Kaypakkaya

References

External links
Ibrahim Kaypakkaya - Selected Works
"Long live Ibrahim Kaypakkaya's thought! ", by the CPMLMF
"His Name is Our Pride, His Party is Our Honor, His Doctrine is Our Guide”, by the TKP/ML

1949 births
1973 deaths
Anti-revisionists
Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist–Leninist politicians
Maoist theorists
Prisoners who died in Turkish detention
Revolutionary Workers' and Peasants' Party of Turkey politicians
Turkish atheists
Turkish communists
Turkish people who died in prison custody
Turkish revolutionaries
Turkish torture victims
Turkish

masks: Kaypakkaya Kaypakkaya Kaypakkaya Kaypakkaya Kaypakkayahim


texts:
<mask> (1 January 1911 – 8 May 2012) was a Polish-American violinist and educator. A child prodigy, he lived in Poland, Moscow, Berlin, and Paris, before formally immigrating to the U.S. in 1938, at age 27. He performed and taught nationally and internationally throughout his life. One of Totenberg's favorite instruments was the Ames Stradivarius, which was stolen from his office in the Longy School of Music in Cambridge, Massachusetts  after a concert in May 1980. The instrument was recovered and returned to Totenberg's daughters on August 6, 2015. Early life
<mask> was born in Lodz, Poland to a Jewish family, the son of Adam (an architect) and Stanisława (Winawer) Totenberg. He spent his early childhood years (1914–1921) in Moscow, where the family moved at the beginning of World War I.

Totenberg was a child prodigy
who made his concert debut at the age of eleven with conductor Grzegorz Fitelberg.Returning to Warsaw in 1921, he studied with Mieczyslaw Michalowicz, and made his debut at the age of eleven as soloist with the Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra. He was also awarded the gold medal at the Warsaw Chopin Conservatory. By 1929, he had moved to Berlin, where he continued his studies with Carl Flesch. In 1932 he moved to Paris, where he studied with George Enescu and Pierre Monteux. He won the International Mendelssohn Prize. In 1935, he made his British debut in London and his American debut in Washington, D.C. In 1936, at age 25, he played at the White House for Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Eleanor Roosevelt.In 1938, at age 27, he formally immigrated to the U.S. under the distinguished artist visa program. Many of his family members were murdered in the Holocaust, though he managed to rescue his mother. His sister survived the Warsaw Ghetto, where her own husband

masks:
Roman Totenberg
Roman Toberg


texts:
 had died. Professional life
Totenberg toured South America with Franz Reizenstein in 1937,  and gave joint recitals with Karol Szymanowski. He gave many concerts comprising the complete cycle of Beethoven sonatas and all Bach Brandenburg concertos. His diversified repertoire included more than thirty concerti. Among the many contemporary works he introduced are the Darius Milhaud Violin Concerto No.2, the William Schuman Concerto in its final version, 1959, and the Krzysztof Penderecki Capriccio. He also premiered Paul Hindemith's Sonata in E (1935), the Samuel Barber Concerto (new version) and the Bohuslav Martinů Madrigal Sonata, as well as giving the American premiere of Arthur Honegger's Sonata for Solo Violin (1940). Under the patronage of the eminent violinist Yehudi Menuhin, and along with pianist Adolph Baller and cellist Gabor Rejto, <mask> formed the Alma Trio in 1942–43 at Menuhin's Alma estate in California. Totenberg appeared with numerous American orchestras including the New York Philharmonic, the Boston Symphony, the Cleveland, Minneapolis, Indianapolis, Los Angeles and Washington Symphonies. In Europe he performed with all major orchestras such as the Berlin Philharmonic, the London Philharmonic and the Amsterdam Concertgebouw. He played under eminent conductors including Leopold Stokowski, Kubelik, Szell, Rodzinski, Grzegorz Fitelberg, Jochum, Rowicki, Krenz, Pierre Monteux, Wit, Steinberg and Vladimir Golschmann. In recital he appeared at the White House, Carnegie Hall, the Library of Congress, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and in every major American and European city.He was featured with the most important music festivals of the world, notably at Salzburg's Mozarteum, the Aspen Music Festival, Tanglewood Music Center, Kneisel Hall Chamber Music


texts:
 Festival and the Music Academy of the West in Santa Barbara, which he helped found and where he was appointed chairman of the string department in 1947. Pedagogy
In addition to his concert activities, <mask> held the position of Professor of Music at Boston University, where he headed the string department from 1961 to 1978. He also taught at the Peabody Conservatory of Music; the Music Academy of the West; the Aspen School of Music; the Mannes College of Music and the Longy School of Music in Cambridge, Massachusetts, which he directed from 1978 to 1985. Notable pupils of his include Yevgeny Kutik, Mira Wang, Leon Botstein, Daniel Han, Rachel Vetter Huang, Na Sun, Ikuko Mizuno and Elizabeth Chang. Recognition

<mask> was awarded the Wieniawski Medal of Poland and the Ysaye Medal of Belgium. In 1983, he was named Artist Teacher of the Year by the American String Teachers Association, and in April 2007, he was honored with the New England String Ensemble's Muses & Mentors Award for his great artistry and significant contributions to string education. In 1988, he was awarded the highest Medal of Merit by the Polish government for lifelong contributions to Polish society. Family

<mask>'s wife, Melanie Francis (Eisenberg) Totenberg (1917–1996), was his business manager for 50 years.<mask> and <mask> were the parents of National Public Radio journalist <mask>, judge <mask>, and businesswoman <mask>. Nina told the story of the theft and belated recovery of her father's Stradivarius in an article for NPR. Recording career
<mask> recorded for many labels, including Deutsche Grammophon, Telefunken, Philips, Vanguard, Musical Heritage Society, Heliodor, Remington, Da Camera, Dover, Titanic and VQR. Ames Stradivarius

One of Totenberg's favorite instruments was the Ames

masks:
Totenberg
Roman Totenberg
Roman Totenberg
Roman
Melanie Totenberg
Nina Totenberg
Amy Totenberg
Jill Totenberg
Totenberg


texts:
 Stradivarius, which he purchased for about $15,000 in 1943 (). It was stolen from his office after a concert in May 1980. Totenberg suspected aspiring violinist Philip S. Johnson of the theft, but police at the time did not believe there was enough evidence to issue a search warrant. The instrument was recovered thirty-five years later in 2015, four years after Johnson's death, when his former wife discovered it among his effects and sought to have it appraised.The recovered instrument was returned to Totenberg's daughters on August 6, 2015, after which it was to be restored to playing condition. The family stated that they planned to sell the instrument after it had been restored. According to <mask>, "We will make sure it is in the hands of another virtuoso violinist. And once again, the beautiful, brilliant and throaty voice of that long-stilled violin will thrill audiences in concert halls around the world." It has since been sold to an unknown buyer, who subsequently loaned it to young American violinist Nathan Meltzer. Notes

External links

 The Roman Totenberg Legacy Library of Congress Aug 12, 2015 (Video)
 <mask> at 90
 Roman Totenberg at 95

1911 births
2012 deaths
American centenarians
American classical violinists
Male classical violinists
American male violinists
American people of Polish-Jewish descent
Mendelssohn Prize winners
Polish emigrants to the United States
Musicians from Łódź
Polish centenarians
Polish classical violinists
Jewish American classical musicians
Jewish classical violinists
Violin pedagogues
Commanders of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland
20th-century classical violinists
20th-century American musicians
20th-century American male musicians
Music Academy of the West founders
Men centenarians
21st-century American

masks:
Nina Totenberg
Roman Toberg


texts:
<mask> (born 1931) is a German Chilean research psychologist whose focus is in neurophysiology and psychophysiology. She is known for creating Alba Emoting, a psychophysiological technique that allows a person to consciously induce, express, and change in and out of basic emotions. Early life and education

<mask> was born in Berlin, Germany, in 1931 and emigrated with her family to Santiago, Chile in 1936. She studied at the University of Chile in Santiago and was graduated in 1960 with teaching degrees in psychology and English. She then pursued graduate studies at Harvard University and Boston University. Research and career

<mask> began her career as a visiting professor in experimental psychology and neuroscience applied to the study of animals, at Harvard University and Boston University, as well as at the University of São Paulo. By 1970 <mask> was a full professor of neurophysiology in the department of psychology at the University of Chile in Santiago.She also was a research associate in the department of physiology at the University of Chile Faculty of Medicine. When the department of theater at the University of Chile invited Bloch to teach a psychology course to their students, she proposed an experimental research workshop in emotions instead. The workshop moved forward, and drama professor Pedro Orthous and neurophysiologist Guy Santibáñez joined her. During this collaboration they discovered "emotional effector patterns" and named their work the "BOS Method" (after their surname initials). The Chilean coup d'état on 11 September 1973 brought an end to their studies. <mask> moved to France, Santibáñez moved to a different country, and Orthous died the following year. In 1974, <mask> became director of research at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) in Paris, France.She created her laboratory at

masks:
Susana Bloch Arendt
Susana Bloch
Bloch
Bloch
Bloch
Bloch


texts:
 the Pierre and Marie Curie University, where she worked for 23 years. In her ongoing research in the psychophysiology of human emotions, Bloch reworked and refined the BOS Method. While collaborating with filmmaker and writer Pedro Sándor, she renamed the method to "Alba Emoting". The new name evolved after they worked together on Lorca's The House of Bernarda Alba while using the method. "Alba" was chosen because in Spanish it means both "dawn" and "white", by which Bloch says the ideas of "aurora" and "purity" are reflected. The choice of "Emoting", from the English verb "to emote", was selected by Bloch during collaboration with an American colleague. The refined method and collaboration with Sándor enabled Bloch to bring her discoveries beyond the laboratory and into the theater.<mask> eventually returned to Chile, where she continues to teach, develop new practical applications, and write. Alba Emoting

Alba Emoting allows a person to induce, express, and modulate in and out of six basic emotions using posture, facial expression, and breathing patterns. In a 2020 scientific journal article, Juan Pablo Kalawski, a clinical psychologist trained in Alba Emoting, writes that recent theoretical and empirical work suggests that anger, fear, sadness, joy, eroticism, and tenderness "are distinct emotions and that each includes a specific respiratory, postural, and/or facial pattern". <mask> explains in her book, entitled The Alba of Emotions, that her process allows a person the ability to recognize emotions "accurately, without confusion, and to express them genuinely, just as children do". Each emotion has its own set of bodily responses that Bloch calls "emotional effector patterns". By reproducing these patterns through breathing, posture, and facial expression, a person can experience and express genuine emotion at will,

masks: Bloch Bloch


texts:
 without having to recall personal memories or images. With a seventh pattern called a "step-out", a person can exit any emotion and return to a neutral state.This ability is considered central to safe emotional practice. By 1995, Bloch had certified the earliest Alba Emoting trainers to teach independently. She organized the training into six levels. Levels 1 (self-use/practitioner) and 2 (teaching apprentice) as student level; while levels 3, 4, 5, and 6 graduate to certified teaching levels. Certified instruction by Bloch grew organically, then organized as the group, Alba Emoting North America. It is currently certified by the Alba Method Association. Alba Emoting and actors
Primarily, Alba Emoting has been a tool for actors and directors, introduced through private lessons, theater workshops, and becoming part of the applied skills curriculum for some drama teachers.For them, it is a purely physical alternative to emotion memory and other psychological techniques for releasing, maintaining, and controlling emotional states on stage. "Actors can learn to control the levels and intensities of these emotions, enter and leave an emotional state at will", the description of a workshop advertised for actors in 2012 explains, "all without the use of personal memories to trigger the emotional state". Illinois Wesleyan University theater professor and director, Nancy Loitz became a certified teacher after training with Bloch during a 1992 sabbatical in South America and has used the technique with casts of plays she directs. Australian actress Louise Siversen described her experience with the method in a 2014 radio interview. "You can step in and out of it incredibly quickly", she said, "[s]o it's protecting the psyche of the actor. Because actually the seventh primary state is called step out, and... This is the neutral state:


texts:
 breathing in through the nose and out through the mouth, looking towards the horizon line, softening the eyes, you can get out of any state that you're in, regardless of how intense it may be.And you're completely free of it, because it is purely a physical state." The principles of the method have begun to interest people in other fields. Computer graphics animators have started to recognize how acting skills can enhance emotional states and responses in their animations. In those crossover studies, some texts teach animators to combine understanding of Alba Emoting with the likes of Bioenergetic analysis, essences, Laban Effort Shapes, classic training in voice-over acting, lip sync, foundations of Commedia dell'arte, and Michael Chekhov and Konstantin Stanislavski methods. As the authors of the 2009 text Action! Acting Lessons for CG Animators say, "Countless acting theories have been developed to capture, control, and maintain emotion. For the animator, this trouble is compounded by the fact that they must create the sense of emotion in an inanimate object, imbuing something nonliving with the subtle signs of human emotion."Bloch says in her 2017 book, entitled Alba Emoting: A Scientific Method for Emotional Induction, that beyond science, theater, film, and visual arts, she believes "there is a large new world open for exploration" in other possible applications of her method. Some examples she gives of how it might be used are in publicity, organizational development, and psychotherapy. Published works

Journal articles
Bloch is the author of more than 100 scientific publications on topics such as visual perception, the role of the cerebral cortex in learning, and the psychophysiology of human emotions. Articles include:

Books
Books authored by Bloch include:

 1996, 1998, 2014 Biología del Emocionar y Alba Emoting,


texts:
 Bailando Juntos (Humberto Maturana R., Co-Author) Santiago de Chile: Dolmen Ediciones Re-edición: Uqbar Editores (2014)
 2002, 2011 Al Alba de las Emociones: Respiracion y Manejo de las Emociones  Random House Mondadori (2002) Uqbar Editores (2011)
 2002 Alba Emoting: Bases científicas del Emocionar Santiago de Chile: Editorial Universitaria
 2003 The Development of Alba Emoting (Hyrum Conrad, Editor) Brigham Young University Press
 2008 Surfeando La Ola Emocional Uqbar Editores
 2017 Alba Emoting: A Scientific Method for Emotional Induction (Patricia Angelin, Editor, Introduction; Elizabeth Townsend, Editor; Pedro Sándor, Introduction) CreateSpace (English translation of the 2002 Al Alba de las Emociones)

Recognition, honors, and awards

In the history of Chilean psychology, the pioneering role of women during the second half of the twentieth century has only begun to be recognized. At the University of Chile, Bloch was part of a team of researchers that included Vera Kardonsky, María de los Ángeles Saavedra, and Teresa Pinto, as well as Carlos Descouvieres and Guy Santibáñez. In a 2015 article, one interviewee remembered: "I think that all of that little group are the ones who transformed the vision of biology and psychobiology in the school." (Translated from Spanish)

Honors and awards Bloch has received include:
 National Psychology Prize awarded in 2010 by the Chilean College of Psychologists
 Life Care Award given in 2016 by the IST Work Safety Institute in Chile

Notes

References

External links

 Alba Emoting™
 Alba Method Association

Neurophysiologists
Chilean scientists
University of Chile alumni
Harvard University alumni
Boston University alumni
Harvard University faculty
Boston University faculty
University of São Paulo faculty
University of Chile faculty
CNRS research directors
1931 births
Living people
German


texts:
Baron <mask>ich <mask> (Russian: Николай Генрихович Гартвиг) (December 16, 1857 – July 10, 1914) was an Imperial Russian diplomat who served as ambassador to Persia (1906–1908) and Serbia (1909–1914). An ardent Pan-Slavist, he was said to be "more Serbian than the Serbs" and in the period prior to World War I was thought by many to practically control the foreign policy of the Serbian government. He encouraged Serbia to stand up to Austria-Hungary and may therefore be seen as one of the causes of the war. Early life and career

<mask> was born into a noble family of ethnic German descent in Gori, Georgia, noted also for being the birthplace of Joseph Stalin. He attended the Saint Petersburg Imperial University where his intelligence and ambition brought him to the notice of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and he began his diplomatic career in 1875, when he was attached to the Asiatic Department. <mask> also wrote for the highly nationalist and slavophile Novoye Vremya during this time period. His articles criticized the then-direction of Russia's foreign policy, and particularly in regard to the Near East, which <mask> thought was too soft.His views earned him the admiration of the Russian general staff, which thought similarly, and also won him high-placed friends at the court of Alexander II, which were to prove influential later in his career. Importance in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

When Count Lamsdorff succeeded Mikhail Muraviev as Foreign Minister in June 1900, he promoted <mask> to the position of Director of the Asiatic Department. <mask> had previously served as the Vice-Director of the Asiatic Department and had established a close friendship with Lamsdorff. He was viewed by many as the Count's protege, and when Lamsdorff left the ministry in 1906, <mask> was one of several candidates thought to have a good chance to succeed him. However, he lost the post to Alexander Izvolski, a hated rival. Exile in Tehran

Following his defeat by

masks:
Nicholas Genrikhov
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