texts:
 the award to Dagg. <mask> scored the opening try of the third test on 25 June 2016 and finished the series without being subbed off from the field, with the All Blacks thrashing Wales 46–6 to end the series. <mask> was moved back for fullback for the second round of the 2016 Rugby Championship with Dagg as the right wing. This would become the re-established combination between the two players, with <mask> cementing his spot as the All Blacks' first-choice fullback. Those two players ended up finishing as highest try scorers in the competition, both having scored 5 tries across the 6 matches of the competition each.<mask>'s most notable involvement in the competition was on 10 September 2016 where he scored two tries against Argentina during a 57–22 win. <mask> was not subbed off during the Rugby Championship, but the performances of himself and Dagg were overshadowed by that of Beauden Barrett, the new first-choice first-five-eighth for the All Blacks, who scored 81 points in the competition. During the 2016 game vs Ireland in Dublin, <mask> provided cover at halfback while <mask> was sin binned in the first half of the match. <mask> was injured with a broken finger towards the end of the match, ending his international year as he was replaced by winger Waisake Naholo. <mask> scored 8 tries throughout 2016, third-to-highest for the All Blacks behind new fly-half Beauden Barrett and Israel Dagg (the highest two international scorers for the year). 2017
<mask> became the 68th captain of the All Blacks in the absence of Kieran Read, on 16 June 2017, as he recovered from a concussion sustained during Super Rugby to lead the All Blacks out against Samoa at Eden Park, as a warm-up for the three-test series against the touring British & Irish Lions team. <mask> was subbed off for debutant Jordie Barrett in the 63rd minute, with lock Brodie Retallick taking

masks:
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Ben Smith
Aaron Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith


type: original

texts:
 over as captain for the rest of the test, which ended as a 78–0 win over Samoa.<mask> was named to start at fullback in the first test of the historic series against the Lions on 24 June 2017, but only lasted 21 minutes before receiving what was at the time, thought to have been his third concussion sustained in the space of three months. <mask> was replaced by veteran first-five Aaron Cruden, with Beauden Barrett shifting to fullback and Israel Dagg staying on the right wing as the All Blacks beat the Lions 30-15 without <mask> on the field. This test would be <mask>'s only ever fixture against the Lions, with Waisake Naholo, Jordie Barrett and Julian Savea deputising for him in the second and third tests. <mask> was sorely missed during the series, as the Lions broke a number of records to draw the series 1–1 with the All Blacks. After confirming that his vertigo was not a sign of concussion symptoms and instead caused by an inner ear infection, <mask> announced that he would take a sabbatical from all forms of rugby following the second Bledisloe Cup test of 2017. <mask> was named in the All Blacks squad for the 2017 Rugby Championship, but would begin his sabattical after the second Bledisloe Cup test. <mask> scored tries in both Bledisloe Cup tests against the Wallabies during the Rugby Championship, making yet another career milestone from the right wing (rookie Damian McKenzie was used at fullback), as <mask> scored his 30th try for the All Blacks in the second test on 26 August 2017, which the All Blacks won 35–29.His sabattical started following the conclusion of this test, with Beauden Barrett named as All Blacks vice-captain in <mask>'s absence. 2018–2019
<mask> made his return to international rugby after the 2018 Super Rugby season, scoring four tries from 12 tests in the 2018 season. <mask> scored his 30th try for New Zealand on 9 June,

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith


texts: in a 52–11 win over France, placing him amongst the all-time top try-scorers internationally. Having played many 2018 tests on the right wing, <mask> was again shifted back to his preferred position at fullback for New Zealand's opening test of 2019, a 20–16 win against Argentina, with Damian McKenzie not considered for selection due to injury. <mask> started at fullback in the other two tests of the 2019 Rugby Championship, but <mask>'s poor performance in the first Bledisloe Cup test, saw New Zealand lose to Australia in a record 26–47 defeat, having already lost Scott Barrett to a red card. In the second Bledisloe Cup test for 2019, <mask>, as well as fellow poor-performing veterans, Owen Franks and Rieko Ioane, were axed from the match-day 23 altogether, with Beauden Barrett supplanting <mask> as New Zealand's first-choice fullback, while rookie wingers, George Bridge and Sevu Reece, picked to start. Although Barrett had overtaken <mask> in the pecking order, <mask> was picked to start in his final home game in New Zealand, a 92–7 win over Tonga, scoring two tries in the game, having a far better performance.Although there were calls from the media for <mask> to be dropped, he was named for his second World Cup, having been picked by All Black Head Coach, Steve Hansen, as one of 31 players in New Zealand's squad for the 2019 Rugby World Cup. He played in all three tests during the pool stages of the World Cup, two as a replacement off the bench and starting at fullback against Namibia in a 71–9 victory, scoring two tries in the process of that victory. <mask> was not selected for the World Cup quarter-final win against Ireland, or the semi-final loss to England, having been surpassed by Sevu Reece and Beauden Barrett. With New Zealand's loss in the semi-final eliminating the team from the competition, Hansen chose to give <mask>, as well as

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texts:
 fellow retiring players, Kieran Read, Matt Todd, Sonny Bill Williams and Ryan Crotty their final test, in the Bronze Final against Wales. <mask> had a standout performance, including two tries, against Wales, with New Zealand beating them 40–17, claiming third place in the 2019 World Cup. International tries

Awards and honours

Super Rugby
 Super Rugby Centurion
 Super Rugby Champion - 2015

International rugby

Rugby World Cup / Webb Ellis Cup
Winners: 2015
The Rugby Championship
Winners: 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018
Runners-up: 2015
Bledisloe Cup
Winners: 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019
Dave Gallaher Trophy
Winners: 2013 (2x), 2016, 2018
Freedom Cup
Winners: 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019
Killik Cup
Winners: 2009

Hillary Shield
Winners: 2013, 2014 (2x), 2018
British & Irish Lions series
Winners: 2017 (drawn series – shared title)
World Rugby Player of the Year
Nominated: 2013
World Rugby Team of the Year (New Zealand)
Winners: 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017
Laureus Team of the Year (New Zealand)
Winners: 2016

Personal life
<mask> married Katie Menzies in 2015. Their daughter was born that year and their second child, son Walter was born on 9 March 2017 while <mask> was out injured with concussion.References

External links
 Highlanders profile

 ESPN Profile

Rugby union wings
Rugby union fullbacks
New Zealand rugby union players
Living people
1986 births
New Zealand international rugby union players
Highlanders (rugby union) players
Otago rugby union players
Rugby union players from Dunedin
New Zealand international rugby sevens players
People educated at King's High School, Dunedin
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for New Zealand
Commonwealth Games rugby sevens players of New Zealand
Rugby sevens players at the 2010 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games medallists in rugby sevens
Section Paloise players
Kobelco

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texts:
<mask> (November 14, 1882 – October 4, 1974) was an American mathematician who taught for many years at the University of Texas. He is known for his work in general topology, for  the <mask> method of teaching university mathematics, and for his racist treatment of African-American mathematics students. Life
Although <mask>'s father was reared in New England and was of New England ancestry, he fought in the American Civil War on the side of the Confederacy. After the war, he ran a hardware store in Dallas, then little more than a railway stop, and raised six children, of whom <mask>, named after the commander of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, was the fifth. <mask> entered the University of Texas at the unusually youthful age of 15, in 1898, already knowing calculus thanks to self-study. He completed the B.Sc. in three years instead of the usual four; his teachers included G. B. Halsted and L. E. Dickson.After a year as a teaching fellow at Texas, he taught high school for a year in Marshall, Texas. An assignment of Halsted's led <mask> to prove that one of Hilbert's axioms for geometry was redundant. When E. H<mask> (no relation), who headed the Department of Mathematics at the University of Chicago, and whose research interests were on the foundations of geometry, heard of <mask>'s feat, he arranged for a scholarship that would allow <mask> to study for a doctorate at Chicago. Oswald Veblen supervised <mask>'s 1905 thesis, titled Sets of Metrical Hypotheses for Geometry. <mask> then taught one year at the University of Tennessee, two years at Princeton University, and three years at Northwestern University. In 1910, he married Margaret MacLelland Key of Brenham, Texas; they had no children.

masks:
Robert Lee Moore
Moore
Moore
Robert
Moore
Moore
. Moore
Robert
Robert
Moore
Moore


texts:
 In 1911, he took up a position at the University of Pennsylvania.In 1920, <mask> returned to the University of Texas at Austin as an associate professor and was promoted to full professor three years later. In 1951, he went on half pay but continued to teach five classes a year, including a section of freshman calculus, until the University authorities forced his definitive retirement in 1969, his 87th year. In 1973, the University of Texas honored him by giving the name Moore Hall to a new building housing the physics, mathematics, and astronomy departments. Because of <mask>'s racism, in one of the changes following the George Floyd protests the University changed the name to Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy Building. A strong supporter of the American Mathematical Society, he presided over it, 1936–38. He edited its Colloquium Publications, 1929–33, and was the editor-in-chief, 1930–33. In 1931, he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences.Topologist
According to the bibliography in Wilder (1976), <mask> published 67 papers and one monograph, his 1932 Foundations of Point Set Theory. He is primarily remembered for his work on the foundations of topology, a topic he first touched on in his Ph.D. thesis. By the time <mask> returned to the University of Texas, he had published 17 papers on point-set topology—a term he coined—including his 1915 paper "On a set of postulates which suffice to define a number-plane", giving an axiom system for plane topology. The Moore plane, <mask>'s road space, <mask> space,  and the normal Moore space conjecture are named in his honor. Unusual teacher
<mask> <mask> is known to have supervised 50 doctoral dissertations, almost all at Texas, including those of R.

masks:
Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
Robert Lee
Moore


texts:
 H. Bing,  F. Burton Jones, John R. Kline, Edwin Evariste Moise, Mary Ellen Rudin, Gordon Whyburn, Richard Davis Anderson, and Raymond Louis Wilder. <mask> has been described as having been one of the most charismatic and inspiring university teachers of mathematics ever active in the United States. Accounts have been given of his ability to teach students who had never previously distinguished themselves in mathematics how to do proofs.He went out of his way to teach elementary and service courses every year, and actually forbade his pre-doctoral level students from consulting the mathematical literature. It was while attending lectures at the University of Chicago that <mask> first hit on his original teaching methods. Finding these lectures rather boring, even mind dulling, he would liven up a lecture by running a race in his mind with the lecturer, by trying to discover the proof of an announced theorem before the lecturer had finished his presentation. <mask> often won this silent race, and when he did not, he felt that he was better off from having made the attempt. It was at the University of Pennsylvania, while teaching a course on the foundations of geometry, that <mask> first tried out the teaching methods that came to be known as the <mask> method. The success of this method led others to adopt it and similar methods. Racism
<mask>'s record as a teacher of mathematics has been tarnished by his racism towards black students.Most of <mask>'s career was spent in a racially segregated part of the United States. African-American students were prohibited from even enrolling at the University of Texas until the late 1950s,
and <mask> himself was strongly in favor of segregation. After the University

masks: Moore Moore Moore Moore Moore Moore Moore Moore


texts:
 of Texas began admitting African-American students, he refused to allow them into his classes,
even for mathematics graduate students such as Vivienne Malone-Mayes. He told another African-American mathematics student, Walker E. Hunt, "you are welcome
to take my course but you start with a C and can only go down from there". On one occasion he walked out of a talk by a student, his academic grandchild, after discovering that the speaker was African-American. <mask> was also known for repeatedly claiming that female students were inferior to male students, and, though "less pronounced than his racism", for his antisemitism. However, while <mask>'s racism is confirmed by several first-hand accounts of his refusal to teach African-American students, the often-repeated description of him as a misogynist and antisemite is based largely on his oral remarks.Some of the sources reporting these remarks, such as Mary Ellen Rudin, also point out that in fact he encouraged females who showed mathematical talent and that he had Jewish students, such as Edwin E. Moise (who was asked about <mask>'s anti-Semitic reputation in an interview) and Martin Ettlinger, and close colleagues, such as Hyman J. Ettlinger. His encouragement of Rudin and other white female students is documented and between 1949 and 1970 (the earliest period when national data are known) 4 of <mask>'s 31 doctoral students (13%) were female, while nationally 175 were female out of 2646 doctoral graduates in mathematics and statistics (7%). Honors
 The <mask> Lee <mask> Hall, a classroom building at the University of Texas, was named after <mask> from its construction in 1972–2020. In 2020, following complaints and petitions in 2019 and then the 2020

masks: Moore Moore Moore Moore Robert Moore Moore


texts:
 George Floyd protests and Black Lives Matter movement, it was renamed to the "Physics, Math and Astronomy Building". Quotations
"That student is taught the best who is told the least." <mask>, quote in Parker (2005: vii). "I hear, I forget.I see, I remember. I do, I understand." (Chinese proverb that was a favorite of <mask>'s. Quoted in Halmos, P.R. (1985) I want to be a mathematician: an automathography. Springer-Verlag: 258)

Notes

References
Jones, F. Burton, 1997, "The Beginning of Topology in the United States and the Moore School" in C. E. Aull and R. Louwen, eds., Handbook of the History of General Topology, Vol. 1.Kluwer: 97–103. Lewis, Albert C., 1990, "R. L<mask>" in Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 18. Charles Scribner's Sons: 651–53. <mask>, R. L., 1970 (1932). Foundations of Point Set Theory. Vol.13 of the AMS Colloquium Publications. American Mathematical Society. Wilder, R. L., 1976, "<mask> <mask> 1882–1974," Bulletin of the AMS 82: 417–27. Includes a complete bibliography of <mask>''s writings. Further reading
  Biography, with extensive list of academic descendants of R. L<mask> and their publications. External links

 The Legacy of <mask> <mask> Project. Links to biographical material and the <mask> method.1882 births
1974 deaths
20th-century American mathematicians
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Northwestern University faculty
People from Dallas
Presidents of the American Mathematical Society
Princeton University faculty
Topologists
University of Chicago alumni
University of Pennsylvania faculty
University of Texas at Austin College of Natural Sciences alumni
University of Texas at Austin faculty
Mathematicians from Texas
American white

masks:
Moore
Moore
. Moore
Moore
Robert Lee
Moore
Moore
. Moore
Robert Lee
Moore
Moore


texts:
<mask> (June 8, 1923 – January 10, 1987) was a soldier in the German Army in both the Wehrmacht of World War II and the postwar Bundeswehr, as well as a civilian jurist in the German Federal service. As an officer in the Bundeswehr, he rose to the rank of general, and completed his military service as commander-in-chief of NATO's Allied Forces Central Europe (AFCENT). He also authored numerous books on military-related subjects. Early years
<mask> und <mask> was born on June 8, 1923 in Tübingen, Germany, into a family rich in military tradition, with over 250 years of service to various German polities. His father, <mask> und <mask>, who served as a Wehrmacht officer throughout the Second World War, reached the rank of General der Panzertruppe ("General of Armored Troops"), and began his own highly decorated military service before the First World War in service with the Reichswehr. His mother, <mask>, was the daughter of Prussian general <mask>. Like most of his male forebears, he sought a military career and began it at age 17, by joining the cavalry regiment commanded by his father.In 1946, he married Ebba <mask>; they had four children, three boys; Dominic, Stefan, Botho and a girl, Marina Josepha Anna Sidonie. Wehrmacht 1940–1945
<mask> <mask> started his military career on October 1, 1940 in the replacement section of the 3rd Cavalry Regiment, at Göttingen, commanded at the time by his father. On June 21, 1941, Hitler launched Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union. <mask> fought on this front as a Lieutenant with the 24th Panzer Division in the German 6th Army, ultimately participating in the Battle of Stalingrad,

masks: Ferdinand Maria Johann Fridolin von Senger und Etterlin


texts:
 one of history's bloodiest battles. He was placed in command of a panzer squadron on August 23, 1942, in the later stages of this battle. Not long before the end of the battle, he was wounded and evacuated back to Germany. Upon his recovery and promoted to Oberleutnant, he was assigned to serve as a regimental adjutant in northern Italy with the re-constituted 24th Panzer Division.His unit being transferred back to the Eastern Front, after October 1943, he found himself again facing the Soviet Army in combat, this time at Kiev and the Dnieper Bend. Soviet offensives having pushed the German forces along with the 24th Division back to Romania, in August 1944, during the Second Battle of Jassy-Kishinev he was wounded again, this time losing his right arm, again requiring his evacuation from the front. No longer able to serve directly in combat, at the age of 21 years, <mask> und <mask> was transferred to the Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH) or Army High Command and was assigned to be the personal adjutant of General der Panzertruppe Leo Geyr von Schweppenburg. While serving in this capacity, he was captured by American forces at the end of the war. Wehrmacht decorations
 Deutsches Kreuz in Gold, September 4, 1944
 Panzervernichtungsabzeichen
 Nahkampfspange in Silver

Civilian life 1945–1956
After a short period as a prisoner of war, <mask> und <mask> was released and began to study law at the University of Göttingen, continuing later in Zürich and at the University of Oxford as a Rhodes scholar, following in his father's footsteps. In 1951, he was awarded a doctorate in law. His dissertation was entitled "The State Party: a Comparison Between the

masks: Senger Etterlin Senger Etterlin


texts:
 Weimar and the Bonn Constitutions."At this time, he was appointed to serve in the newly created Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz ("Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution"). Bundeswehr 1956–1979
His combat and OKH experiences being of great value, he was reactivated into military service with the Bundeswehr in March 1956, and was placed in a workgroup considering matters of military intelligence pertaining to the armed forces to the east (the Warsaw Pact). Following General Staff training, he filled an assignment with the G-3 (Operations) section of Panzerlehrbrigade 9 at Munsterlager, where he participated in field testing the new Leopard 1 main battle tank. His next post was to work with an Army study of nuclear tactics and planning. In 1964, he returned to Munsterlager and Panzerlehrbrigade 9 as commander of Panzerlehrbataillon 94, where he was able to receive practical experience in use of the Leopard tank. <mask> und <mask> became known as an expert on tanks. First NATO assignment
After the successful conclusion of his training at the NATO Defence College in Rome, <mask> und Etterlin served for two years with the planning office of the Northern Army Group (NORTHAG) in Mönchengladbach, working on the integration and coordination of Dutch, British, Belgian, and German armed forces units.Promotion to General
After a short intermission in the Panzerbrigade 20 in Hemer from October 1969 to March 1970, he received orders to report to the Army Staff in Bonn, and was promoted to the rank of Brigadegeneral on September 30, 1970. Later, after a promotion to Generalmajor, <mask> und <mask> took command of Defense District 5, in the

masks:
Von Senger
Etterlin
Senger
von Senger
Etterlin


texts:
 vicinity of Stuttgart, where he worked in cooperation with civil authorities, state ministries and the federal defense administration. He was especially busy coordinating major allied formations with the German Army, as well as developing plans to quickly mobilize reservists. On July 1, 1974, he returned to duty with the German field army, assuming command of the 7th Panzer Division, stationed in Unna. Here, he was particularly entrusted with development of the new Army Structure 4 initiative, after which he led his division through multiple successful exercises. In spring 1978, <mask> und <mask> was promoted to the rank of Generalleutnant and assigned to be commanding general of the Bundeswehr's I Corps, headquartered in Münster. AFCENT Commander-in-Chief
On October 1, 1979, <mask> und <mask> was promoted to full general and replaced the retiring General Franz-Joseph Schulze as Commander-in-Chief of Allied Forces Central Europe.The dramatic political and military events of the late 1970s led to the planning in 1980 of the "Long-Term Defense Program" and included the creation of European reserve forces. Despite these affairs, more political than military, General <mask> und Etterlin maintained regular contact with both large and small Bundeswehr units under his command, watching over their tactical training and overall preparedness for war, intervening, when necessary, to make corrections

Retirement
After four years in command of one of the most powerful military formations standing in defense of central Europe, General <mask> und Etterlin retired, honored with the Großer Zapfenstreich on September 30, 1983. In his long and productive career in

masks:
von Senger
Etterlin
Senger
Etterlin
von Senger
von Senger


texts:
 military and political affairs, <mask> und <mask> was also responsible for many contributions to military literature. He wrote several books on military tactics and history, covering such subjects as armor, artillery, and military vehicles, and made over 1,000 contributions to military magazines, primarily Soldat und Technik ("Soldier and Technology"). Among his historical works were a history of his old wartime unit, the 24th Panzer Division. Apart from military subjects, he was interested in baroque and modern art history and classical music. <mask> died on January 10, 1987, in Ühlingen, Baden-Württemberg, surrounded by his family.Works
 Die 24. Panzer-Division 1939-1945. Vormals 1. Kavallerie-Division, Nebel Verlag,
 Die deutschen Panzer 1926 - 1945, Bernard & Graefe,
 Die deutschen Geschütze 1939-1945, Bernard & Graefe,
 Panzer der Bundeswehr und ihrer Verbündeten, Athenäum-Verlag 1958
 Soldaten zwischen Rhein und Weser, Verlag Wehr u. Wissen,
 Der Gegenschlag, Vowinckel-Verlag
 Die Kampfpanzer von 1916 - 1966, Bernard & Graefe,
 Taschenbuch der Panzer. Jg. 1. 1943 - 1954; Taschenbuch der Panzer.Jg. 2. 1943 - 1957; Taschenbuch der Panzer. Jg. 3. 1960; Taschenbuch der Panzer. Jg.4. 1969
 Das kleine Panzerbuch, Lehmann
 Der sowjetische mittlere Kampfpanzer der Baureihe T-34 bis T-62, Lehmann
 Pionierpanzer, Bernard & Graefe,

References

1923 births
1987 deaths
German military writers
German untitled nobility
German Army personnel of World War II
Recipients of the Gold German Cross
Bundeswehr generals
German male non-fiction writers
Generals of the German Army
Grand Crosses with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic

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<mask> (born 1969) is an Irish folk singer, and a former member of the Irish band Solas. She resides in Cork, Ireland. Early years
<mask> was born in Ballyduff Lower, Kilmeaden, County Waterford, Ireland. Her family encouraged her to sing in the house, in a church choir and at school. At Waterford Regional Technical College she studied piano then took music at University College Dublin in 1987. Having learned to copy Ella Fitzgerald's scat singing, she performed in a Dublin bistro several nights per week while still a student. At the Royal Irish Academy of Music she studied classical music and sang in a jazz band, then a folk-ballad band, then another jazz band.She also fell under the influence of Dublin folk singer Frank Harte. During this time she also formed her own band, called "Dorothy". Emigration to the USA
In 1993, <mask> moved to New York City, to study jazz at Long Island University. When she began to frequent Irish traditional sessions in New York, she started singing Irish traditional music again, performing mostly in bars and local centres. During 1994, she sang with Atlantic Bridge before joining Solas, recording five songs on their début album in 1996. At the same time, she was still performing jazz and folk material herself at the Tramps club in Manhattan, accompanied only by a percussionist. In 1997, <mask> recorded a solo album, Songlines, inspired by the novel of the same name by Bruce Chatwin and produced by Séamus Egan.The album featured both Irish traditional and contemporary folk songs, and included several members of Solas. Solo career
<mask> left Solas at the beginning of 1999 to pursue her solo ambitions. She then moved back to Ireland, although frequently travelled between her home in Cork and America. In 2000, she

masks:
Karan Casey
Casey
Casey
Casey
Casey


texts: collaborated with several other vocalists on Seal Maiden: a Celtic Musical. It concerned the mythical creature called the selkie (in this case, a seal-woman). The album featured a story written by Irish playwright Marina Carr narrated by <mask>, produced by Niall Vallely and Leib Ostrow, and featured contributions from Martin Hayes & Dennis Cahill, Iarla Ó Lionaird, Máiréad Ní Mhaonaigh, Michael McGoldrick, Mel Mercier and Robbie Overson. In 2001, <mask> finished working on her second solo album, The Winds Begin to Sing (2001) which was well received by critics and propelled her into a stable solo career.She released Distant Shore in 2003 and toured extensively throughout the Americas and Europe. In 2005, <mask> released Chasing the Sun featuring Irish traditional and folk songs which she learned from her mother and maternal grandmother. The album included a number of songs written by <mask> herself as well as songs by Belfast musician Barry Kerr. The album was well received and was the last to be released on the Shanachie and Vertical labels so that <mask>, husband Niall Vallely and other associated acts could release her music independently. In 2006, <mask> joined her previous band Solas to guest on their live DVD and album, Reunion: a Decade of Solas. On the recordings, <mask> was joined by all of the band's past members and current members from the period. She joined Deirdre Scanlan (Solas vocalist 2000–2007) and Antje Duvekot, along with the male vocalists from the band.In 2008, <mask> and her husband set up Crow Valley Music to release Ships in the Forest. In early 2010, <mask> released Exiles Return, a duet album with former Solas bandmate John Doyle; it was listed among the Top 5 albums of the year by The Irish Echo newspaper. Released in

masks: Casey Casey Casey Casey Casey Casey Casey Casey Casey


texts: 2014, Two More Hours was <mask>'s sixth solo album and her first entirely self-penned work. Contemporary in tone, it takes a much more personal approach to her writing and singing. It features a duet with Irish chart-topper Mick Flannery as well as contributions from Abigail Washburn and Aoife O’Donovan, and was produced by Niall Vallely. A departure from the traditional music she has focused on for many years, Two More Hours draws on <mask>'s lifelong love of R&B, jazz and blues in creating a vibrant new mix of sounds. Vallely's string arrangements help meld together a cast of Ireland's musicians from the worlds of classical, folk and rock music including Ken Rice, Kate Ellis, Sean Og Graham (of Beoga), Trevor Hutchinson, Eoghan Regan, Danny Byrt and Caoimhín Vallely.In 2017 Karan was Traditional Artist in Residenceat University College Cork, toured the UK with the Transatlantic Sessions, performed at Glasgow's Celtic Connections, and toured in the US both with her own band and with Lúnasa, including a performance at New York's Carnegie Hall. In 2018 Karan helped to found FairPlé which is an organization aimed at achieving fairness and gender balance for female performers in Irish traditional and folk musics. In 2019 she released her latest album Hieroglyphs That Tell the Tale on the Vertical Records Label. Produced by renowned Scottish producer and BAFTA-nominated composer Donald Shaw, the album also features Karan's long-time musical collaborators Sean Óg Graham & Niamh Dunne (Beoga), Kate Ellis (The Crash Ensemble) and Niall Vallely (Buille). Drawing inspiration from contemporary folk writers Janis Ian, Eliza Gilkyson, Mick Flannery and Bob Dylan, the album displays <mask>'s impressive talent as a songwriter. She is joined on vocals by some of

masks: Casey Casey Casey


texts:
 the women singers she's long-admired, including Karen Matheson, Niamh Dunne, Pauline Scanlon, Maura O'Connell and Aoife O Donovan. <mask> has also collaborated with Bela Fleck, Maura O'Connell, Tim O'Brien, Lunasa, The Boston Pops Orchestra, The Dubliners & Imelda May, A Stór Mo Chroí (featuring John Spillane, Lumiere and Muireann Nic Amhlaoibh), among others.Personal life
<mask> is married to Irish concertina player Niall Vallely and has collaborated frequently with the Vallely brothers and their bands. She has two daughters (Muireann and Áine) and currently lives in Cork. Discography

Solo albums
 1997 – Songlines
 2000 – Seal Maiden (<mask> <mask> & friends)
 2001 – The Winds Begin To Sing
 2003 – Distant Shore
 2005 – Chasing The Sun
 2008 – Ships in the Forest
 2014 – Two More Hours
 2018 – Hieroglyphs That Tell the Tale

With Solas
 1996 – Solas
 1997 – Sunny Spells and Scattered Showers
 1998 – The Words That Remain
 2006 – Reunion: A Decade of Solas (CD/DVD)

Miscellaneous recordings
 1996 – Her Song: Exotic Voices of Women from Around the World (Various Artists)
 1997 – Celtic Tapestry, Vol. 1 (Various Artists)
 2007 – A Christmas Celtic Sojourn Live (Various Artists)
 2007 – Excalibur: Vol. 2 (Alan Simon)
2008 - Absolutely Irish (Various Artists)
 2010 – Exiles Return (with John Doyle)
 2014 -  A Prairie Home Companion- Duets 2  (Various Artists)

External links
 Official website
 Wedding in Barga between Karan and husband Niall
 Karan Casey Uk Tour 2009 Folk Radio UK

1969 births
Alumni of the Royal Irish Academy of Music
Irish women singers
Irish folk singers
Living people
Musicians from County Waterford
People from County Waterford
Alumni of Waterford Institute of Technology
Shanachie Records artists
Compass Records artists
Vertical

masks: Casey Casey Karan Casey


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<mask> was the nom de plume of Sulpice Guillaume Chevalier (13 January 1804 – 24 November 1866), a French illustrator, born in Paris. Early career
<mask>'s father, Sulpice Chevalier, was from a family line of coopers from Burgundy. <mask> began work as a mechanical worker in a machine factory but he saw that to make any progress in his profession, he had to be able to draw; accordingly in his spare time in the evenings, he took classes in drawing. He devoted his special attention to architectural and mechanical drawing and worked at land surveying and mapping which led to his obtaining a position with the Government Ordnance Department as a draughtsman. It wasn't until his early thirties that he turned his attention to his proper vocation as an artist. Nom-de-plume
The story is told that he took his name from Gavarnie in Luz-Saint-Sauveur where he had taken a journey into the Pyrenees. His first published drawings were for the magazine Journal des modes.At the time, Gavarni was barely thirty years of age. His sharp and witty drawings gave these generally commonplace and unartistic figures a life-likeness and an expression which soon won him a name in fashionable circles. He gradually gave greater attention to this more congenial work, and ultimately stopped working as an engineer to become the director of the journal Les Gens du monde. Gavarni followed his interests, and began a series of lithographed sketches in which he portrayed the most striking characteristics, foibles and vices of the various classes of French society. The letterpress explanations attached to his drawings were short, but were forcible and humorous, if sometimes trivial, and were adapted to the particular subjects. At first he confined himself to the

masks:
Paul Gavarni
Gavarni
Paul


texts:
 study of Parisian manners, more especially those of the Parisian youth. Publications
Most of his best work appeared in Le Charivari.He had been invited by the editor François Caboche to draw for the magazine. Gavarni had never drawn caricatures and was reluctant to accept the request but was persuaded to submit some drawings for approval. This he did and they were accepted but he didn't care for the captions which had been added by the magazine editors. Thereafter, he started writing his own. This was the beginning of the Boites aux lettres series. Some of his most scathing and most earnest pictures, the fruit of a visit to London, appeared in L'Illustration. He also illustrated Honoré de Balzac's novels, and Eugène Sue's Wandering Jew.Illustrated works
Among his illustrated works were Les Lorettes, Les Actrices, Les Coulisses, Les Fasizionables, Les Gentilshommes bourgeois, Les Artistes, Les Débardeurs, Clichy, Les Étudiants de Paris, Les Baliverneries parisiennes, Les Plaisirs champêtres, Les Bals masqués, Le Carnaval, Les Souvenirs du carnaval, Les Souvenirs du bal Chicard, La Vie des jeunes hommes, and Les Patois de Paris. He had now ceased to be director of Les Gens du monde; but he was engaged as ordinary caricaturist of Le Charivari, and, while making the fortune of the paper, he made his own. His name was exceedingly popular, and his illustrations for books were eagerly sought for by publishers. Le Juif errant, by Eugene Sue (1843, 4 vols. 8vo), the French translation of Hoffman's tales (1843, 8 vo), the first collective edition of Balzac's works (Paris, Houssiaux, 1850, 20 vols. 8 vo), Le Diable à Paris (1844–1846, 2 vols. 4 vo), Les Français peints par eux-mêmes (1840–1843, 9 vols.8vo), the collection of


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 Physiologies published by Aubert in 38 vols. 18mo (1840–1842), all owed a great part of their success at the time, and are still sought for, on account of the clever and telling sketches contributed by Gavarni. Change in focus
A single frontispiece or vignette was sometimes enough to secure the sale of a new book. Always desiring to enlarge the field of his observations, Gavarni soon abandoned his once favorite topics. He no longer limited himself to such types as the lorette and the Parisian student, or to the description of the noisy and popular pleasures of the capital, but turned his mirror to the grotesque sides of family life and of humanity at large. Les Enfants terribles, Les Parents terribles, Les Fourberies des femmes, La Politique des femmes, Les Mans vengs, Les Nuances du sentiment, Les Rives, Les Petits Jeux de société, Les Fetus Malheurs du bonheur, Les Impressions de ménage, Les Interjections, Les Traductions en langue vulgaire, Les Propos de Thomas Vireloque, etc., were composed at this time, and are his most elevated productions. But while showing the same power of irony as his former works, enhanced by a deeper insight into human nature, they generally bear the stamp of a bitter and even sometimes gloomy philosophy.At one point Gavarni was imprisoned for debt in the debtors' prison of Clichy. After his release, he published his experiences in a work called L'Argent ("Money"). Visit to England

Gavarni visited England in 1849. On his return his impressions were published in the book Londres et les Anglais, illustrés par Gavarni (1862) by Émile de la Bédollière. Most of these last compositions appeared in the weekly paper L'Illustration. In 1857 he published in one volume the series entitled Masques et


texts:
 visages (1 vol. 12 mo), and in 1869, about two years after his death, his last artistic work, Les Douze Mois (1 vol.fol. ), was given to the world. Gavarni was much engaged, during the last period of his life, in scientific pursuits, and this fact must perhaps be connected with the great change which then took place in his manner as an artist. He sent several communications to the Académie des Sciences, and until his death on 23 November 1866 he was eagerly interested in the question of aerial navigation. It is said that he made experiments on a large scale with a view to find the means of directing balloons; but it seems that he was not so successful in this line as his fellow artist, the caricaturist and photographer, Nadar. Collections and catalogues
Gavarni's Œuvres choisies was published in 1845, followed in 1850 by two volumes named Perles et Parures. Some essays in prose and in verse written by him were collected by one of his biographers, Charles Yriarte, and published in 1869.Gavarni l'homme et l'œuvre by Edmond and Jules de Goncourt was published in 1873. A catalogue raisonné of Gavarni's works was published by J. Armehault and E. Bocher, paris in 1873. References

External links

Eugène Forgues (1887) Gavarni, Librairie de l'art, Paris
Les Maitres Humoristes: Gavarni (1909) Librairie Félix Juven, Paris
Prints & People: A Social History of Printed Pictures, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on <mask> (see index)
 A selection of his drawings can be found at the website:  - Type in Gavarni in the "Artists Name" box and click on "Go"

1804 births
1866 deaths
Artists from Paris
French cartoonists
French caricaturists
French


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Major General <mask>,  (13 May 1780 – 22 March 1857) was a senior officer of the Royal Marines who served during the French Revolutionary Wars and earned historically noteworthy military distinctions on the North America and West Indies Station during the Napoleonic Wars and the War of 1812. As a battalion commander of Royal Marines, Captain <mask> faced enemy forces which included his counterparts of the United States Marines at Bladensburg, Washington, Baltimore, and New Orleans. In his later years Robyns served one term as Mayor of Penzance (1840–41) in his native Cornwall. Early life and career
<mask>, the son of <mask>, was christened in the Parish of Madron, in West Cornwall, on 13 May 1780. The private christening, performed by a midwife, probably occurred soon after his birth, if not on the actual day of birth. It may be assumed that young Robyns received an adequate common school education that was sufficient to prepare him for a commission. He may have served in the Royal Navy or British Army prior to 1796.It is difficult to document this period of his life with precision. <mask> received his commission as a second lieutenant of His Majesty's Marine Forces in 1796. Soon afterwards he was ordered to the East Indies where he remained on station nearly five years, earning his promotion to first lieutenant in 1799. Following his return, shortly prior to the Treaty of Amiens, he was sent to Ireland where he remained on station until his promotion to captain in 1807. <mask> was thus still a subaltern when H.M. Corps of Marine Forces was elevated to the

masks:
John Robyns
John Robyns
John Robyns
Thomas Robyns
Robyns
John Robyns


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 dignity of Royal Marines on 29 April 1802. In 1808 Captain <mask> of the Marines sailed for Barbados as part of the expedition under Vice Admiral Alexander Cochrane and Lieutenant General George Beckwith.Invasion of Martinique
In 1809 Captain <mask> participated in the British Invasion of Martinique, a highly successful amphibious operation. Captain <mask> remained on the Leeward Islands Station until about 1811, well after the seizure of Guadeloupe by the British forces under Cochrane and Beckwith. Chesapeake Campaign
Still a Marine captain, <mask> rejoined Vice Admiral Alexander Cochrane's command in 1813, as the Officer Commanding the detachment of Marines aboard . He was among the handful of Royal Marines company-grade officers chosen to command a battalion ashore during the War of 1812. Robyns commanded a 400-strong composite battalion of Royal Marines and Royal Navy personnel in the Battle of Bladensburg, the Burning of Washington, and in the Battle of Baltimore. At Baltimore <mask> was severely wounded while leading his battalion on 12 September 1814. The British Army commander, Major General Robert Ross, was killed in the same action.Writing from , to the Admiralty Lords on 17 September 1814, Vice Admiral Alexander Cochrane singled out the "frequently gallant conduct" of Robyns as worthy of special "favour and protection". Battle of New Orleans
Following the defeat at Baltimore, <mask> was brevetted a major on the British Army List. Though still recovering from a wound described as "severe," he accompanied the British expeditionary force which was

masks:
Robyns
John Robyns
John Robyns
Robyns
Robyns
Robyns


texts:
 sent to engage in the Battle of New Orleans. Once again charged with a composite command, he commanded a company in the "composite battalion" of 100 Marines commanded by his senior, Brevet Major Thomas Benjamin Adair (1783–1849), of the Royal Marines. Adair's 100 Royal Marines and a similar-sized party of Edward Nicolls' Red Sticks were brigaded with Colonel William Thornton (British Army officer)'s 85th Regiment of Foot (Bucks Volunteers). Thornton's Brigade performed laudably at New Orleans, overwhelming the American line on the west bank of the Mississippi. The brigade's small triumph, however, was not enough to counterbalance the British disaster of 8 January 1815.Royal Marines also contributed to the subsequent orderly withdrawal by the British forces. Peacetime establishment and later years
In spite of the award of a pension for wounds received, Robyns escaped the officer reductions in the Royal Marines establishment of 1814 and 1816. Robyns married Miss Wilmot <mask> (1787–1867), the second daughter of <mask>, of Penzance, at Madron on 18 July 1815. Routine duties and assignments followed until his retirement in 1835. He was promoted to the substantive rank of major in the Royal Marines on 16 April 1832, thus finally attaining the permanent status of "General and Field Officer (G & FO)", Royal Marines. In 1840 he served one term as Mayor of Penzance, a largely honorary public function. <mask> died in Cornwall on 22 March 1857.He was buried in Madron on 27 March 1857. Promotions and awards
Second Lieutenant, (H.M. Marine Forces) 13 March 1796. First

masks:
John
George John
Robyns


texts:
 Lieutenant, (H.M. Marine Forces) 1 January 1799. Captain, Royal Marines 19 June 1807. Brevet Major, (Army List) 27 October 1814. 28 December 1815 Awarded a pension for wounds. Major, Royal Marines 16 April 1832.Allowed to retire from the Royal Marines as a Major with full pay in 1835. Knight of the Royal Guelphic Order 25 January 1836. 3 November 1840 War Office Brevet of Lieutenant Colonel, on the British Army List as a "late Major" of the Royal Marines, to date from 10 January 1837. This belated and honorary brevet on the Army List occurred at the same time as that of Colonel James Home of the Royal Marines, and Lieutenant Colonel Edward Nicolls. 1842 Awarded a good-service pension. 1848/1849 Naval General Service Medal (1847) with Clasp for Invasion of Martinique (1809). Colonel, (Army List) 11 November 1851.Major General, (Army List) 20 June 1855. See also
Royal Marines Battalions (Napoleonic Wars)
Corps of Colonial Marines
List of Mayors of Penzance

References
Citations

Bibliography
 Crawford, Michael J. (Ed) (2002). The Naval War of 1812: A Documentary History, Vol. 3. Washington: United States Department of Defense. Latimer, Jon (2007): '1812: War With America'.Harvard University Press. Nicolas, Paul Harris (1845): 'Historical Record of the Royal Marine Forces, Volume 2', 1805–1842

1780 births
1857 deaths
Royal Marines generals
French Revolutionary Wars
Royal Navy personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
Royal Navy personnel of the War of 1812
Politicians from Cornwall
Councillors in Cornwall
Mayors of places in Cornwall
Military personnel from


texts:
William Charles Virdon (June 9, 1931 – November 23, 2021) was an American professional baseball outfielder, manager, and coach in Major League Baseball (MLB). Virdon played in MLB for the St. Louis Cardinals and Pittsburgh Pirates from 1955 through 1965 and in 1968. He served as a coach for the Pirates and Houston Astros, and managed the Pirates, Astros, New York Yankees, and Montreal Expos. After playing in the minors for the Yankees organization, Virdon was traded to the Cardinals, and he made his MLB debut in 1955. That year, Virdon won the National League Rookie of the Year Award. He slumped at the beginning of the 1956 season, and was traded to the Pirates, where he spent the remainder of his playing career. A premier defensive outfielder during his playing days as a center fielder for the Cardinals and Pirates, Virdon led a strong defensive team to the 1960 World Series championship.In 1962, <mask> won a Gold Glove Award. Following the 1965 season, he retired due to his desire to become a manager. Virdon managed in the minor leagues until returning to the Pirates as a coach in 1968. He served as manager of the Pirates in 1972 and 1973, before becoming the manager of the Yankees in 1974. During the 1975 season, the Yankees fired Virdon, and he was hired by the Astros. After being fired by the Astros after the 1982 season, Virdon managed the Expos in 1983 and 1984. Virdon won The Sporting News Manager of the Year Award in 1974, his only full season working for the Yankees, and in 1980, while managing the Astros.He returned to the Pirates as a coach following his managerial career, and remained with the Pirates as a guest instructor during spring training. Early life
William Charles Virdon was born in Hazel Park, Michigan, on June 9, 1931. His parents, Bertha and <mask>, were originally from Missouri, but moved to Hazel Park during the Great Depression, where they were able to find jobs in

masks:
Virdon
Charles Virdon


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 automotive factories. When he was 12 years old, his family moved to West Plains, Missouri. Virdon attended West Plains High School. He competed in American football, basketball, and track and field for the school. As West Plains did not compete in baseball, Virdon traveled to Clay Center, Kansas, to play for their American Amateur Baseball Congress team as a center fielder and shortstop.He enrolled at Drury University in Springfield, Missouri. Professional career

Playing career

Minor league career
Virdon attended an open tryout held by the New York Yankees in Branson, Missouri, and scout Tom Greenwade signed Virdon to the Yankees for a $1,800 signing bonus ($ in current dollar terms). Virdon made his professional debut in 1950 with the Independence Yankees in the Class D Kansas–Oklahoma–Missouri League, and was promoted to the Kansas City Blues in the Class AAA American Association for the final 14 games of the season. Virdon played for the Norfolk Tars in the Class B Piedmont League in 1951, and for the Binghamton Triplets in the Class A Eastern League in 1952. The Yankees assigned him to Kansas City in 1953, but he struggled, batting .233. While he played in Kansas City, Virdon was diagnosed with astigmatism. When Kansas City manager Harry Craft noticed Virdon reading while wearing glasses, Craft told him to wear them while he played.The Yankees demoted <mask> to the Birmingham Barons in the Class AA Southern Association. In 42 games for Birmingham, Virdon had a .317 batting average. According to Hal Smith, his roommate with Birmingham, Virdon changed his approach to hitting, prioritizing line drives to all parts of the field, rather than trying to hit for power. <mask> remained stuck behind Mickey Mantle on the Yankees' depth chart for center field, while Gene Woodling and Hank Bauer played the corner outfield positions. The Yankees traded <mask> to the St. Louis Cardinals before the 1954 season

masks: Virdon Virdon Virdon


texts:
 with Mel Wright and Emil Tellinger for veteran outfielder and All-Star Enos Slaughter. Virdon struggled during spring training, and Cardinals manager Eddie Stanky worked with Virdon to improve his hitting. The Cardinals assigned Virdon to the Rochester Red Wings of the Class AAA International League for the season.He led the league with a .333 batting average and hit 22 home runs, finishing second in voting for the International League Most Valuable Player Award to catcher Elston Howard with the Toronto Maple Leafs Baseball Club. Major league career
Virdon joined the Cardinals in 1955, as the Cardinals moved Stan Musial to first base to allow Virdon to play the outfield. As a rookie, Virdon had a .281 average with 17 home runs and 69 runs batted in (RBIs). He was named the winner of the National League (NL) Rookie of the Year Award, voted on by the Baseball Writers' Association of America, beating Jack Meyer of the Philadelphia Phillies. After the 1955 season, the Cardinals hired Frank Lane, nicknamed "The Trader", as their general manager. Virdon slumped to begin the 1956 season, and the Cardinals traded him to the Pittsburgh Pirates in May 1956 for Bobby Del Greco and Dick Littlefield. Lane claimed that Virdon's late season slump in 1955 was because he tired down the stretch, and that is why he chose to trade him.Lane later referred to the trade as "the worst trade [he] ever made". When he arrived at Pittsburgh, he developed an eye condition, for which he received treatment, missing one week of the season. <mask>'s vision improved, and he challenged Hank Aaron for the NL batting title. Virdon batted .334 for the Pirates during remainder of the season, which increased his season batting average to .319, second-best in the NL to Aaron, who batted .328. Pirates' announcer Bob Prince gave <mask> the nickname "Quail" due to the frequency of his soft-hit infield hits. The Pirates hired Danny Murtaugh as

masks: Virdon Virdon


texts:
 their manager during the 1957 season; Virdon credited Murtaugh with pushing him to perform at his best. Virdon consistently batted in the .260s for the next several seasons.He led all NL center fielders in assists in 1959 with 16, and in double plays turned with five. In 1960, <mask>, along with right fielder Roberto Clemente, shortstop Dick Groat, second baseman <mask>ki, and third baseman Don Hoak, formed a strong defensive unit for the Pirates, and they reached the 1960 World Series, where they faced the New York Yankees. <mask> batted .241 during the seven game series. In the deciding Game 7, he hit a ground ball that struck Yankees shortstop Tony Kubek in the throat after taking an unpredictable bounce, enabling Virdon to reach base safely. This started a rally for the Pirates that culminated in <mask>'s home run that won the series for Pittsburgh. <mask> led the NL in triples with 10 during the 1962 season. That year, he won the Rawlings Gold Glove Award.He struggled in the 1964 season, batting only .243. Though his batting average improved to .279 in the 1965 season, <mask> retired after the season due to his desire to become a manager. <mask> retired with 1,596 MLB hits and a career batting average of .267 with 91 home runs during his 1,583-game NL career. Virdon hit an impressive .404 against Sandy Koufax, the highest average of any batter facing the legendary Hall of Fame pitcher. Coaching and managing

Virdon began operating a baseball academy in 1956. After the 1962 season, Virdon coached in the Arizona Instructional League. He coached in the Florida Instructional League following the 1964 season.Following his retirement as a player after the 1965 season, <mask> spent the next two seasons as a manager in the minor leagues for the New York Mets' organization. In 1966, he managed the Williamsport Mets of the Eastern League, and in 1967, he managed the Jacksonville Suns of the International

masks:
Virdon
Bill Mazeros
Virdon
Bill Mazeroski
Virdon
Virdon
Virdon
Virdon


texts: League. He led Williamsport to a 68–72 win-loss record, and Jacksonville to a 66–73 record. Virdon joined the Pirates' major league coaching staff under manager Larry Shepard in 1968. He also appeared in six games as a player because a number of Pirates players had entered military service. Shepard left the Pirates after the 1969 season, and <mask> interviewed to become the Pirates' next manager. However, the Pirates re-hired Murtaugh, and <mask> remained on Murtaugh's coaching staff.<mask> coached for the Pirates as they won the 1971 World Series. Due to health problems, Murtaugh retired after the 1971 season, and <mask> was named as his successor. As a manager, <mask> led the Pirates to the 1972 NL East division title, but the Pirates lost the 1972 National League Championship Series (NLCS) to the Cincinnati Reds when Pittsburgh pitcher Bob Moose unleashed a wild pitch in the final inning of Game 5, allowing the winning run to score. The 1973 Pirates now played without Clemente, who died during the previous offseason. Further struggles included pitcher Steve Blass' inability to throw strikes and injuries to Dock Ellis. <mask> clashed with Ellis and Richie Hebner. The Pirates were in third place with a 67–69 record when the team fired Virdon and replaced him with Murtaugh.The Yankees announced the hiring of Dick Williams as their manager for the 1974 season, but American League president Joe Cronin nullified the transaction because Williams was still under contract with the Oakland Athletics. The Athletics demanded prospects Otto Vélez and Scott McGregor as compensation for Williams, but the Yankees decided the price was too steep. Without a manager, the Yankees hired <mask>, signing him to a one-year contract. <mask> led the Yankees to a competitive finish, one game behind the Baltimore Orioles in the American League East division. He won The Sporting News Manager of the Year Award. The Yankees

masks: Virdon Virdon Virdon Virdon Virdon Virdon Virdon Virdon


texts: signed him to a two-year contract after the 1974 season, with a raise from $50,000 to $65,000 per year. However, Virdon clashed with Bobby Murcer.He received a death threat due to his preference of playing Elliott Maddox over Murcer in center field. The Yankees struggled in 1975. When <mask> was fired as manager of the Texas Rangers during the 1975 season, the Yankees fired <mask> on August 2 and hired Martin. The Houston Astros hired <mask> as their manager on August 20, 1975, succeeding Preston Gómez. Tal Smith, who had served as executive vice president for the Yankees, had become the Astros' general manager on August 7. <mask> led the Astros to third-place finishes in 1976 and 1977, but the Astros slipped to fifth place in 1978. The 1979 Astros fell one game short of winning the NL West division championship.The Astros tied the Los Angeles Dodgers for the division championship in 1980, and defeated them in the 1980 NL West tie-breaker game. The Astros played the Philadelphia Phillies in the 1980 NLCS, losing the series in five games. He again won the Manager of the Year Award in 1980. Due to the 1981 Major League Baseball strike, the 1981 season was split into halves with each half's winner appearing in the 1981 NL Division Series. The Dodgers won the first half, while the Astros won the second. In the Division Series, the Dodgers defeated the Astros in five games. During the 1982 season, the Astros fell to fifth place.<mask> was fired during the season and replaced by Bob Lillis. The Montreal Expos hired <mask> as their manager before the 1983 season, replacing Jim Fanning, and signed him to a two-year contract. During the 1984 season, Virdon expressed to Expos general manager John McHale that he did not want to return to the Expos in 1985. With a 64–67 record in August 1984, the Expos fired Virdon, replacing him with Fanning. Gary Lucas, a pitcher for the Expos, felt that they had lost many

masks:
Billy Martin
Virdon
Virdon
Virdon
Virdon
Virdon


texts:
 one-run games because Virdon was too conservative in his managing, not employing the hit and run play and relying on the starting pitcher for too long into the game. Virdon returned to the Pirates as the hitting coach under Jim Leyland in 1986, Leyland's first season as a manager. He took the position only when he was convinced that he would not succeed Leyland should the Pirates fire him.Following a contract dispute, the Pirates replaced <mask> with Milt May before the 1987 season. <mask> remained with the Pirates as a minor league hitting instructor from 1987 through 1989. He worked as a spring training instructor for the Cardinals in 1990 and 1991, and then rejoined Leyland's coaching staff in Pittsburgh in 1992. With Major League Baseball expanding by two teams for the 1993 season, in 1992 Virdon interviewed for the managerial positions of both expansion teams, the Florida Marlins and the Colorado Rockies. The Marlins instead hired Rene Lachemann, and the Rockies hired Don Baylor. In 1994, Virdon interviewed with the Orioles for their vacant managerial position. Virdon left the Pirates after the 1995 season.He became the bench coach for the Astros under first-time manager Larry Dierker in 1997. The Pirates brought <mask> back as their bench coach for the 2001 season under first-time manager Lloyd McClendon. He retired from coaching after the 2002 season. <mask>'s career managerial record, over all or parts of 13 seasons, was 995–921 (.519). He also managed in the minor leagues for the Cardinals and the Astros. In June 2012, the Pirates attempted to add <mask> and Mazeroski to their coaching staff, but were rebuffed by MLB for violating the rules on uniformed coaching staffs after one game. Virdon continued to serve as a special outfield instructor for the Pirates during spring training.Managerial record

Personal life
<mask> and his wife, Shirley, married in November 1951, and lived in

masks: Virdon Virdon Virdon Virdon Virdon Virdon


texts:
 Springfield, Missouri. They had three daughters. Together, <mask> and <mask> endowed two scholarships at Southeast Missouri State University, Shirley's alma mater, with one specifically devoted to a baseball player. A portion of the U.S. Route 63 business route in West Plains is named "<mask> Boulevard". <mask> was inducted into the Missouri Sports Hall of Fame in 1983, and named a Missouri Sports Legend by the Missouri Sports Hall of Fame in 2012. The Independence Baseball Hall of Fame inducted Virdon in 2013. Following Whitey Herzog's election to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 2012, Herzog indicated that he would champion Virdon's cause to the Veterans Committee in future elections.<mask> died on November 23, 2021, at the age of 90. See also

 List of Major League Baseball annual triples leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career assists as a center fielder leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career fielding errors as a center fielder leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career games played as a center fielder leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career putouts as a center fielder leaders

References

External links

1931 births
2021 deaths
American expatriate baseball players in Cuba
Baseball coaches from Michigan
Baseball players from Michigan
Birmingham Barons players
Drury Panthers men's basketball players
Gold Glove Award winners
Houston Astros coaches
Houston Astros managers
Kansas City Blues (baseball) players
Major League Baseball bench coaches
Major League Baseball center fielders
Major League Baseball first base coaches
Major League Baseball Rookie of the Year Award winners
Minor league baseball managers
Montreal Expos managers
New York Yankees managers
Norfolk Tars players
People from Hazel Park, Michigan
People from West Plains, Missouri
Pittsburgh Pirates coaches
Pittsburgh Pirates managers
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Rochester Red Wings players
St. Louis Cardinals

masks:
Bill
Shirley Virdon
Billdon
Virdon
Virdon


texts: <mask> (吉増 剛造|Yoshimasu Gōzō) (born 1939, Tokyo) is a prolific Japanese poet, photographer, artist and filmmaker active since the 1960s. He has received a number of literary and cultural awards, including the Takami Jun Prize (1971), the Rekitei Prize, the Purple Ribbon Medal in 2003 (given by the Government of Japan), the 50th Mainichi Art Award for Poetry  (2009),  and the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays in 2013. Major influences include Shinobu Orikuchi, Paul Klee, Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cézanne, William Blake, John Cage, Patrick Chamoiseau. Many of his poems are multilingual, blending elements of French, English, Chinese, Korean, Gaelic, and more, and feature cross-linguistic and typographic wordplay. His poems rely on intimate experiences with geography and history, layering encounters in the present with a keen awareness of the past. Drawing on multiple translators whose detailed notes appear opposite the translations, helping to elucidate them, Alice Iris Red Horse: Selected Poems of <mask>zo, a Book in and on Translation is the most extensive and adventurous attempt at an English translation of <mask>'s complex poetry. <mask>'s performances often include film,

masks:
Gōzō Yoshimasu
Yoshimasu Go
Yoshimasu
Yoshimasu


texts:
 the display of fetish objects, chanting, ritual procedures, and the collaboration of musicians and other artists.In a 2014 interview by Aki Onda on the MoMA blog "Post," <mask> described the relationship of his poetry to performance by remarking, "My quest is to reclaim the poetry that lies at the root of performing arts." His visual art has been gaining increased recognition, with the Japan Art Academy awarding him the Imperial Prize and the Japan Art Academy Prize in 2015. These include:

 Yoshimasu Gōzō Anthology (吉増剛造詩集, Shichōsha, gendaishi bunko, 1971)()
 Yoshimasu Gōzō Anthology 1-5 (吉増剛造詩集 1-5, Kawade Shobō Shinsha, 1977–78)
 August Sunset, Unicorn (八月の夕暮、一角獣よ, Chūsekisha, 1992)
 『続・吉増剛造詩集』(Shichōsha, gendaishi bunko, 1994) ()
 『続続・吉増剛造詩集』(Shichōsha, gendaishi bunko, 1994) ()
 『吉増剛造詩集』(Kadokawa Haruki Jimusho, Haruki bunko, 1999) ()

Others
 Morning Letters (朝の手紙, (Ozawa Shoten, 1974)
 I Am a Flaming Mirage (わたしは燃えたつ蜃気楼, Ozawa Shoten, 1976)
 River of the Sun (太陽の川, Ozawa Shoten, 1978)
 A Quiet Place (静かな場所, Shoshi Yamada, 1981)
 Imagine a Helix (螺旋形を想像せよ, Ozawa Shoten, 1981)
 The Tram that Flew to the Sky (そらをとんだちんちんでんしゃ. Mokpo Correspondence (木浦通信, Yatate Shuppan,


texts:
 2010)
 Poetics Lecture: Infinite Echoes (詩学講義 無限のエコー, Keiō University Press, 2012)
 Poetic Autobiography: Grab the Flame with Bare Hands! (我が詩的自伝 素手で焔をつかみとれ！, Kōdansha, 2016)
 Like Tattooing My Heart (心に刺青をするように, Fujiwara Shoten, 2016)
 Gozo Notes, 1-3 (GOZOノート 1-3, Keiō University Press, 2016)
 Ecriture of the Moment (瞬間のエクリチュール, edition.nord, 2016)
  La Broderie de feu: Gozo Yoshimasu, 2008-2017 (火ノ刺繍 吉増剛造 2008-2017, Kyōbunsha, 2018)

Co-authored works
 Bones of the Tree with Kido Shuri (木の骨, Yatate Shuppan, 1993)
 Sea of Melted Snow: Tampopo and Tampupu (はるみずのうみ - たんぽぽとたんぷぷ, Yatate Shuppan, 1999) ()
 Dolce/Sweetly: A New Encounter with Image and Word (ドルチェ-優しく―映像と言語、新たな出会い, with Aleksandr Nikolayevich Sokurov, Shimao Miho. Iwanami Shoten, 2001) ()
 Words that Quake to the Loom (機―ともに震える言葉, with Ryoko Sekiguchi, Shoshi Yamada, 2006) ()
 Across the Naked Common: Japanese and American Poets' Response to Emerson with Forrest Gander and Masaki Horiuchi (裸のcommonを横切って―エマソンへの日米の詩人の応答, Takanashi Shobō, 2019)

Interviews/Dialogues
Yoshimasu has often had dialogues with creators from Japan and around the world. These include:

 Ocean in a Boardgame, Cosmos in a Poem (盤上の海、詩の宇宙,


texts:
 Kawade Shobō Shinsha, 1997) Conversations with Yoshiharu Habu ()
 At the Edge of this Era (この時代の縁で, with Hiromasa Ichimura, Heibonsha, 1998) ()
 On the Shores of "Asia" (「アジア」の渚で, (Fujiwara Shoten, 2005) Dialogue with / co-authored by Korean poet Ko Un ()
 To the World as Archipelago (アーキペラゴ - 群島としての世界へ, Iwanami Shoten, 2006) Dialogue / epistolary exchange with Ryūta Imafuku, Professor of Anthropology and Communication at Tokyo University of Foreign Studies ()

Translations into French
 Osiris: Dieu de pierre.Tr. Claude Mouchard and Makiko Ueda. Circé, 1989. Ex-Voto, a thousand steps and more, translated by Ryoko Sekiguchi, Éditions Les petits matins October 2009. The Other Voice, translated by Ryoko Sekiguchi, preface by Michel Deguy Éditions Caedere 2004. Antique observatoire, translated by Claude Mouchard and Masatsugu Ono, illustrations by Daniel Pommereulle, Collection R / Avant post, 2001. Translations into English
 Devil’s Wind: A Thousand Steps or More.Ed./trans. Brenda Barrows, Thomas Fitzsimmons. Oakland University Press, 1980. Osiris: The God of Stone. Tr. Hiroaki Satō. St. Andrew's Press, 1989."at the side (côtés) of poetry." Tr. Jeffrey Angles. Guernica, 5


texts:
 Nov. 2012. "火・Fire: To Adonis...". Tr. Jordan A. Yamaji Smith.Poetry Review, Vol. 103. No. 2 (Summer 2013), pp. 60–61. ed. Forrest Gander.Alice, Iris, Red Horse: Selected Poems of Gozo Yoshimasu: a Book in and on Translation. Translated by Hiroaki Sato, Jeffrey Angles, Sawako Nakayasu, Jordan A. Yamaji Smith, Richard Arno, Auston Stewart, Eric Selland, Sayuri Okamoto & Derek Gromadzki. New Directions, 2016. References

"Professor <mask> Gozo Receives 50th Mainichi Art Award"
Lee Yew Leong and Sayuri Okamoto, "Naked Memos followed by a Q&A with the author Gozo <mask>"
Jeffrey Angles, "at the side (côtés) of poetry"
 Encyclopedia Larousse, "<mask> Gozo." Location One: Poetic Spectrum: Images, Objects and Words of Gozo Yoshimasu
The Columbia Anthology of Modern Japanese Literature: Volume 2 (eds. J. Thomas Rimer, Van C. Gessel). New York: Columbia, 2007. pp.742–4. Havens, Thomas R. H. Radicals and Realists in the Japanese Nonverbal Arts: The Avant Garde Rejection of Modernism. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2006. pp. 73, 132, 148. Japanese poets
1939 births
Writers from Tokyo
Japanese photographers
Japanese filmmakers
Living people
International Writing Program

masks: Yoshimasu Yoshimasu Yoshimasu


texts: Charles William Gordon, or <mask>, (September 13, 1860 – October 31, 1937) was a Canadian novelist, using the <mask> pen name while maintaining his status as a church leader, first in the Presbyterian and later the United Church in Canada. Gordon was born in Glengarry County, Ontario, and was the son of Rev. Daniel Gordon (1822–1910) and Mary Robertson Gordon (d. 1890). His father was a Free Church of Scotland Missionary in Upper Canada. While at Knox College, Gordon was inspired by a lecture given by Superintendent Robertson about the challenges in the West, leading him to pursue his summer mission work there, and ultimately to spend his life on reform and mission work in Western Canada. Gordon's views were largely shaped by Robertson, who believed that the settlers' lax attitudes towards irregular church services and lukewarm spirituality could only be remedied by missionaries. Gordon felt called to be one of these missionaries and establish not only churches, but Christian social and moral reform in Western Canada.To this end, Gordon completed his theological training in Edinburgh, Scotland, where he was even further affirmed in his desire to bring the church to Western Canada. The theological atmosphere in Scotland during the 1870s and 1880s was increasingly liberal. This movement towards harmonizing traditional Christian doctrine with modern advancements, such as science and evolution, greatly appealed to Gordon. He became an influential proponent of social reform in the West, as well as for the union of the churches. The union, which resulted in the formation of the United Church of Canada in the 1920s, was a response to the increasing liberalization and secularization growing in prevalence especially in Canada. Gordon's views of Western

masks:
Ralph Connor
Connor


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 Canada were intricately connected to his views of religion and Christianity. His social and reform work were rooted in his call to ministry and his desire to see Canada united both in faith and in Nation.The difficulties on the mission fields of the Canadian West were motivating factors for his fiction writing, and he successfully had many of his writings published and sold. Early life
Charles William Gordon was born in Glengarry county on September 13, 1860, the fourth son to Rev. Daniel and Mary (née Robertson) Gordon. Glengarry County was backwoods country, situated on the St. Lawrence River, and composed of Scottish immigrants. It was characterized by the Scottish virtues of religion, hard-work, and stern Calvinism, but seasoned with wry wit and a fiery love of theological debates. It was these theological debates that led to the division of the Presbyterian church. In 1843, dissenters in the established Presbyterian Church of Scotland (the Auld Kirk), seceded and formed the Free Church of Scotland.It was this new Free Church which upheld the goal to send missionaries to Canada. The dissension affected several Presbyterian congregations in Glengarry county, most prominently the Free Church congregation at Indian Lands (named for the original land tracts which were leased from St. Regis Mohawk Tribe), led by Rev. Daniel Gordon since 1853. Rev. Gordon had a reputation as a fiery Highland preacher who inspired both fear and awe with his sermons on sin and the final judgement. Daniel Gordon's passion was animated by his very strong belief in the spirit world, but his greatest passion was the "Love of the Cross." As Charles said of his own father, "Not one of all the great preachers I have known could ever thrill my soul as could my father when


texts: I was a little lad."A strict disciplinarian, Daniel Gordon ruled with respect and rarely had to resort to punishing his children. His frequent absences, however, as he traveled to other Parishes, meant that the duty of discipline fell to his wife, Mary. In his autobiography, Charles Gordon remembered that his mother's discipline was mild but never failed to fill him with remorse. For, after chastising, she would make her children kneel in prayer with her. As Gordon described, "no matter how filled with anger my heart might be, before the prayer was ended the love and grief in her voice and the tears in her eyes never failed to break me up." The Indian Lands church, where Charles was born, shared a building with an Auld Kirk congregation. Conflict eventually boiled over, causing the Auld Kirk congregation to lock the doors, barring Daniel Gordon's congregation out.In response, Daniel kicked the doors in and proceeded with his service. He was brought up on charges, though never convicted, and the Free Church congregation was forced to find a building of their own. Daniel Gordon, fiery as he was, also had a sense of humour and was both liked and respected. Charles Gordon drew much inspiration and virtue from his father for his strong yet loving personality and skill as a preacher. Mary Gordon came from a scholarly family and was granted the education that most girls were denied in this Victorian period. After completing her early education at Sherbrooke Young Ladies' Academy in Canada East, Mary went on to Mount Holyoke Ladies' Seminary in New England. She excelled in English, mathematics, and philosophy; so much so that she was invited to be principal at the young age of twenty-two.Although the position was a great honour, Mary ultimately decided


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 not to accept the offer in favour of remaining at home in Sherbrooke. It was there that she later met and married the young Presbyterian minister Daniel Gordon. Education
Together, Mary and Daniel moved to Indian Lands, where Charles was born and raised. According to Keith Wilson, "The Christian warmth of his home, the surrounding forests of pine and balsams, the hard physical life of the settlers and the carefree gaiety of the youngsters were all integral parts of his education." His formal education began in the pine log schoolhouse at Athol. The schoolhouse itself represented the settlers of Canada West: sturdy yet poor. The education Charles received was strongly Scottish.The schoolmaster was both loved and feared, and always respected. It was during this time, as Charles grew into his love for learning, that the British colonies of North America were on their way to Confederation. Indian Lands was twenty-five miles from the nearest railway station. The community was isolated, and Charles had very little recollection of these political changes later in his life. In 1870, his father was called to Zorra in Oxford County, where the congregation was Highlander mixed with Lowland and English. This move brought Charles into proximity to more formal civilization, the village of Harrington being close by. It was here that Charles continued his elementary schooling, with an emphasis on preparing for admission into high school.Charles thrived under this new challenge and developed ambition in both scholarship and organized sports. Charles attended high school at St. Mary's in Harrington, Ontario. Because it was a ten-mile drive, he and his siblings had to board in town during the week, returning on Fridays for the weekend and the "steadying influence


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 of home." Schooling at this time in Canada West was expensive, and Daniel Gordon could not afford to send his boys on his own salary. The boys thus hired themselves out during the summers to local farmers and were able to help pay their own way. As Wilson summarizes, "Determination and hard-work became characteristic of young Charles, and these qualities assured his success at St. Mary's Collegiate Institute where he first met the challenge of classical scholarship." It was here that Charles developed a fervent appreciation for language through his studies of Latin and Greek poetry.In 1879, he completed his High school degree with first class honours in English, mathematics, and classics, giving him a firm foundation for his university career at the University of Toronto. Like many other young men in the area, Gordon went to Toronto and received theological training at Knox College at the University of Toronto where he completed a B.A. and graduated with distinction in 1886. He then went on to study in Edinburgh, where he became deeply troubled by higher criticism and sought guidance from his mentors, A.B. Davidson, Marcus Dodds, Alexander Whyte, and Henry Drummond who all believed in a new attitude and views of the West. Religion and Ministerial Career
While attending the University of Toronto, Gordon was inspired by a lecture given by Reverend James Robertson, the Presbyterian superintendent of missions to Manitoba and the North West. His passionate discussion of missions to Canada West so caught Gordon's attention that he volunteered to spend the Spring and Summer of 1885 in a mission field in Manitoba.There, Gordon was set the task of organizing parish life for the settlers in the province created by Riel's last armed resistance. After the


texts: Summer, Gordon went back home to the East, but later returned West, answering what he perceived to be the call on his life to minister to Canada West. As author and historian, Christopher Dummitt has explained, "His future success was built on this decision." During this time, the church was undergoing significant upheaval due to controversies posed by scientific developments. The role of theology was called into question, specifically by Higher Criticism. While in Edinburgh, Gordon became greatly troubled by Higher Criticism teaching and sought counsel from his mentors A.B. Davidson, Marcus Dodds, Alexander Whyte, and especially Henry Drummond.What appealed to Gordon was that these men were able to find a balance between tradition and modern advancements, reconciling the conflicts the two seemed to pose. Scientific advancements and biblical criticism could be acknowledged without sacrificing what they saw to be the core of Christianity: the need for salvation and the preaching of personal conversion. Alexander Whyte, in particular, influenced Gordon's struggle with Higher Criticism by reminding him, "You are to be a minister, see that you feed your people. Never mind your theological, your scientific, your higher critical problems. Keep them for your study." Gordon was greatly assured by this appeal to the common people and was reaffirmed in his calling to "save souls" This "pragmatic Protestantism" was popular at the time in Canada West, where the focus on individual salvation was emphasized. Upon his return from Scotland, Gordon was ordained in a small service in June, 1890.He was then appointed missionary around what is now Banff, Alberta. He spent three years trying to reform and improve the lives of rough country miners, lumbermen, and


texts: ranchers. Gordon held to the Scottish emphasis on school and church as the means to making society more spiritual. He worked diligently in social reform measures, including advocating for improved living conditions on the work camps. Essential to this, Gordon believed, was the introduction of Temperance and the elimination of the vice of alcohol. Gordon retained an "optimistic belief in the possibility of individual salvation." In the mid 1890s, Gordon settled down in Winnipeg as Minister at St. Stephen's Parish.He continued to live out his missionary ideals through his novels, especially Black Rock (1898) and Sky Pilot (1900). Gordon viewed himself first and foremost as a minister, serving the spiritual needs of his congregation in Winnipeg, but also with a view to serving beyond this area to the entire province, and, indeed, the nation. He thus engaged himself in projects which would now be considered part of the social gospel movement. Gordon served on the Social Service Council of Manitoba as well as on the Social Service Committee of the Presbyterian Church of Canada. Through these, he continued to fight for temperance legislation, and continued to promote social reform that would help with poverty, health services, and immigration. At this time, the church was struggling with a decline in attendance and membership. Methodists and Presbyterians especially focused on this problem, as they viewed church growth to be integral to their sense of history.It was through progress and growth that these denominations were affirmed in their mission, and thus they felt it necessary to compete with an increasingly secular culture to reverse the trends of decline that they were seeing. Gordon was especially eager to do all he could to compete with


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 secular culture by providing spiritual leisure activities. Churches began emphasizing a Christianity that was not only spiritual but also muscular, pointing to the necessity of strong bodies as well as souls. They thus engaged in sports and other leisure activities to bring young men especially into the church. Gordon did his part by providing novels that were both exciting and enjoyable to read and that also upheld strong moral principles. His preaching, too, was influenced by the desire to reach the common man. Thus, he spoke not in a dry, didactic manner, but with a narrative style that many found greatly appealing.Throughout his life, Gordon never swayed from his role as minister, while also writing, and serving in prominent public positions, such as moderator of the Presbyterian Church in 1922. He also served as a strong proponent for the union of the Presbyterian, Methodist and Congregational churches which ultimately resulted in the creation of the United Church of Canada in 1925. Service in World War I
When the Great War broke out, Gordon was quick to enlist. He volunteered for service with the 43rd Cameron Highlanders as army chaplain at the age of 54. This experience greatly influenced his writing during these years, as he focused on the war cause, the soldier's lives, and the deaths he witnessed every day. His service also brought Gordon personal tragedy when his friend and mentor R.M. Thomson was killed in action.Views on Western Canada
While attending Knox College, Gordon reported in the school's monthly newspaper that "men's hearts grow harder when for a few years they are without the softening influence of the gospel; and the tone of morality is such that open vice makes no discord". By the mid-nineteenth century, Canada had


texts: reached a critical stage. Charles Gordon's impression of the religious situation in the Canadian West was strikingly similar to that of Superintendent Robertson and was inspired by him to apply his talents within Canada rather than take part in foreign mission work. Gordon later memorialized Dr. Robertson in his novel entitled The Superintendent. C.W. Gordon seemed to be particularly aware of the battle between church and secular culture and concluded that the battle to establish Christianity in the prairies would "have to be waged single-handedly by the missionary because settlers were not alarmed by irreligion and seemed uninterested in forming congregations". In addition, Gordon observed that worship services in the West were infrequent and found traditional forms of preaching and Bible study to be uninspiring.Immigrants viewed the West in the light of the expansionist campaign and challenged all the traditional premises and viewed the North West from a new perspective: the "Promised Land" in terms of agricultural potential rather than religious expansion. The potential of the "Promised Land" was accompanied by a number of insurmountable obstacles. The difficulties on the mission fields motivated Gordon's decision to write fiction as the changes he desired to make in the developing nation would become the focal point of his fictional narratives. However, the missionaries, such as Gordon, had found little beauty or romance in the wilderness as it was accompanied with heathens and 'Indians'. C.W. Gordon believed it was his role to help the immigrants flooding the Canadian West to be "good Christians and good Canadians". He optimistically believed in the possibility of individual salvation and notions of duty and sacrifice.The praise in response


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 to his first fictional sketches encouraged Gordon to continue writing his religious-driven stories. Writing career
As a result of his dedication to his missionary tasks in Western Canada, Gordon began his literary career and wrote a fictionalized account of life in the northwest. Gordon used the '<mask>' pen name while maintaining his status as a Church leader. His early novels were set in the Western mission fields that Gordon became familiar with and the plot of his novels often followed a similar outline and his first stories were published in the Presbyterian weekly, The Westminster. The landscape and setting of his narratives was presented as a force which renewed and purified Christianity. In his novels, a missionary hero is often faced with tremendous difficulty in bringing Christianity to the wild frontier, and the men in particular posed a great challenge. This outline is evident in numerous novels such as Black Rock and The Sky Pilot.The missionary protagonist in his novels reflected the image of missionaries in the late-Victorian historical literature and were often described as being able to overcome hardship due to their dedication and unwavering faith. His protagonists also combated the harshness of the frontier by preaching the gospel and redemption. His early novels also highlighted important religious questions, such as the presence of a loving God and individual mortality, making such issues real and tangible. The drunkenness, violence and profanity present in his writing that was associated with the antagonists of his stories were portrayed as products of the western frontier and were not meant to be interpreted as alienation from God. As suggested by Dick Harrison, a Swedish Historian, <mask>'s novels are often romanticized

masks:
Ralph Connor
Ralph Connor


texts: versions of the Canadian West. His novel Corporal Cameron, for example, epitomizes the myth of the Canadian Mountie. The vision of the West rested firmly upon a British dominated society, and the North West Mounted Police represented an irresistible force stemming from an invincible culture.Cumulatively, <mask>'s writings on the West shift the tone of the frontier as his appeal lay not only in his clear and descriptive depictions of the Canadian West, but also in the religious and personal overtones. By writing novels, Gordon believed he was providing examples of sentimental as well as muscular Christianity and used his novels as tools to expand the Christian ministry to a wider audience. Gordon published his first novel, Black Rock, in 1898. While the book was moderately successful in Canada, his second novel, The Sky Pilot, gained him international attention in 1899 and the reputation of '<mask>' was officially launched. Gordon wrote his books in the early age of mass fiction. This period saw the regularization of copyright law and advances in printing and transportation. Several novels followed his 1899 publication such as Glengarry School Days and The Man from Glengarry ; The Superintendent ; The Prospector ; The Doctor ; and The Foreigner .The years between 1888 and 1914 were prolific for Gordon as an author and is evident in the publication and sales of his most important books. He continued to write until his death in 1937. His autobiography, Postscript to Adventure was penned in his final year and published posthumously in 1938. His books were not only popular in Canada, but also the United States, Britain, the English-speaking Commonwealth, and a great number of other countries. While <mask>'s audiences responded to the straightforward

masks:
Connor
Ralph Connor
Connor


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 appeals for conversion and the presentation of the gospel in simple style, most critics have dismissed the Christianity in his novels as being oversimplified, and therefore not worthy of significant attention. Early criticism of his romantic view of the West presented in his novels stemmed from the experiences of other Western missionaries as they had felt "blocked and frustrated by the isolation, emptiness, and seeming permanence of the wilderness in which [they] worked". The harsh experiences faced by missionaries made it difficult for many to regard the Canadian West as an area that would spark religious revival.One missionary stressed the loneliness and lack of opportunity for nurturing a deeper faith. Other critics labelled  his novels to be "fictionalized sermons." Glenys Stow, summarized <mask> describing him as a "Didactic popular novelist; social activist; unconscious mythmaker; <mask> is a strange mixture as a writer. Little that he has written will last." Marriage and Family
The sudden death of Gordon's mother in 1890 was a life-altering event for Gordon. His mother, who had been such a strong and positive influence in his life, left him with a hole which he would not fill for some years. He met his wife, Helen King, while at college.He and his brother attended the church where her father, Dr. King, was minister during his college and university days in Toronto. Later, when Gordon had taken up the position offered to him in Winnipeg, he was reacquainted with Helen who had moved out West with her family when Dr. King was given the position of first principal of Manitoba College. They were married in Toronto in 1899. As Wilson has summarized, "With her strong convictions, efficiency and dedication, she was to prove a source of real

masks: Connor Connor


texts:
 strength to him." Together, they had one son (J. King Gordon) and six daughters. All of their children graduated from the University of Manitoba, continuing on the strong scholarly legacy of their parents.Despite Gordon's many duties, he remained close to his family at all times. Death
Gordon continued working right up until a few days before his death on October 31, 1937. His passion for preaching, ministering to spiritual needs, and serving social reform never abated. Legacy
Historians recognize Charles Gordon as being a "progressive" who believed in "centralized organization and unity of purpose". Gordon was honoured with a number of different degrees and awards. In 1919, he was awarded an honorary doctorate of divinity by the University of Glasgow; in 1937, the University of Manitoba awarded him an honorary L.L.D. He was also the recipient of the Order of St. Michael and St. George in 1935.The <mask> House is a heritage property designated as a National Historic Site of Canada in 2011, a Provincial Heritage Site and a Winnipeg Landmark Heritage Structure that was built in 1913-1914. Located on the Assiniboine River in gracious Armstrong's Point, this house was the home of Reverend Charles Gordon, wife Helen, and their seven children. The House was named after Charles Gordon's pen name and is currently owned by the Friends of The Ralph Connor House that has launched a 21st Century Campaign to ensure the legacy of the Gordon family continues. Their mission is to "preserve Ralph Connor House as a meeting place that keeps alive the spirit and legacies of Rev. Charles and Helen Gordon, their family and the University Women's Club of Winnipeg, and to continue service to the greater community". Their vision is to "be a centre and meeting place


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 that fosters the work of people who are committed to education, social justice, healthy communities, human rights, music, art, literature and intellectual activity". The United Church in Canmore, Alberta, founded as a Presbyterian Church by Dr. Gordon in 1891, was renamed Ralph Connor Memorial United Church in 1942.The structure embodies the classical mission style of ecclesiastical architecture. It is one of the earliest Presbyterian churches built in Alberta and was constructed in the Carpenter Gothic architectural style. His grandchildren include journalist and humorist Charles Gordon and sportswriter and mystery novelist Alison Gordon. Publications
In 1972, the National Library of Canada released The Works of Ralph <mask> which listed some 43 titles as well as three books for which he wrote the introductions. His publications include:

 The Angel and the Star. Toronto, Revell, 1908
 The Arm of Gold. Toronto, McClelland and Stewart, 1932
 Beyond the Marshes.Toronto, Westminster, 1898
 Black Rock, a Tale of the Selkirks. Toronto, Westminster, 1898
 Breaking the Record. New York, Revell, 1904
 The Doctor, Revell, 1906
 The Foreigner, Hodder & Stoughton, 1909
 The Gaspards of Pine Croft, George H. Doran Company, 1923
 The Gay Crusader, Toronto, McClelland and Stewart, 1936
 The Girl from Glengarry, New York, Dodd, Mead & company, 1933
 Glengarry School Days, Grosset, 1902
 The Major, c. 1919
 The Man from Glengarry, 1901
 Postscript to Adventure, Farrar & Rinehart, inc., 1938
 The Prospector. New York, Revell, 1904
 The Rebel Loyalist, Dodd, 1935
 The Rock and the River, Dodd, Mead, 1931
 The Runner, Doubleday, Doran and Co. The Sky Pilot, 1899
 To Him That Hath, George H. Doran Company, 1921
 Torches through the Bush, Dodd, Mead,


texts:
 1934

Filmography
The Heart of a Lion, directed by Frank Lloyd (1917, based on the novel The Doctor)
The Sky Pilot, directed by King Vidor (1921, based on the novel The Sky Pilot)
God's Crucible, directed by Henry MacRae (1921, based on the novel The Foreigner)
Cameron of the Royal Mounted, directed by Henry MacRae (1921, based on the story Corporal Cameron)
The Man from Glengarry, directed by Henry MacRae (1922, based on the novel The Man from Glengarry)
Glengarry School Days, directed by Henry MacRae (1923, based on the novel Glengarry School Days)

Further reading
John Lennox, Charles W. Gordon ("<mask>") and his Works, Toronto: ECW Press, 1989

Gordon, Charles W. Postscript to Adventure. New York: Ferris Printing Company, 1938. Dummitt, Chris.2013. "The 'Taint of Self': Reflections on <mask>, His Fans, and the Problem of Morality in Recent Canadian Historiography." Histoire sociale/Social History 46 (1): 63-90. Marshall, David Brian. Secularizing the Faith Canadian Protestant Clergy and the Crisis of Belief, 1850-1940. Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Press, 1992.Wilson, Keith. Manitobans in Profile: Charles William Gordon. Winnipeg: Peguis Publishers Limited, 1981. Notes

External links

 Ralph Connor Memorial United Church in Canmore, Alberta
 "Ralph Connor House" in Winnipeg, MB
 UNCG American Publishers' Trade Bindings: <mask>

Canadian people of Scottish descent
1860 births
1937 deaths
Canadian male novelists
Ministers of the United Church of Canada
University of Toronto alumni
Knox College (Illinois) alumni
Writers from Winnipeg
People from the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry
Writers from Ontario
Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
19th-century Canadian novelists
20th-century Canadian

masks:
Ralph Connor
Ralph Connor
Ralph Connor


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<mask> "O. D.<mask> (February 29, 1828 – December 10, 1924) was an American prospector, businessman, and politician. A four term member of the Arizona Territorial Legislature, he was active in the early history of Las Vegas, Nevada and the creation of Pah-Ute County, Arizona Territory. Early life
<mask> was born to John and Ann (McCleur<mask> near Mansfield in Richland County, Ohio on February 29, 1828. He was educated in public schools. Tradition holds he attended Oberlin College but there are no school records confirming this claim. His education did however provide him with a basic knowledge of Spanish and civil engineering. At the start of the California Gold Rush, <mask> took a ship from Baltimore, Maryland to California by way of Cape Horn, arriving in January 1850.Upon his arrival in San Francisco, Gass earned money unloading prefabricated shelters from a ship. The wages he earned from this job served as a grubstake as be went to El Dorado County to prospect. There he engaged in placer mining and developed a lifelong friendship with Fenton M. Slaughter. After a few years, and moderate success in their prospecting efforts, <mask> and Slaughter moved to the small town of Los Angeles. Gass joined the local Masonic lodge on December 30, 1854 and gained full privileges on November 22, 1855. His ability to speak Spanish and deal with different cultures resulted in <mask> being appointed Zanjero of Los Angeles (water steward) for a time. In addition to his official duties, <mask> continued his prospecting efforts.One such endeavour involved a tin deposit in the Temescal Mountains. At the time, the United States imported all its tin, making a tin mine a very lucrative possibility. Gass joined with Slaughter, <mask>, and several other investors in an attempt to purchase the Rancho Temescal (Serrano), on which the mineral deposit resided, but found that Abel Stearns  had already bought the ranch. A scramble for land and mineral rights soon developed as word of the find spread.

masks:
Octavius Decatur
" Gass
Gass
) Gass
Gass
Gass
Gass
Gass
David Sexton


texts:
 Gass ended up with several valid claims but the 1860 United States Presidential Election and approach of the American Civil War dried up investor interest. Hopes for riches from the tin deposit soon faded as legal challenges tied up his interests for the next two decades. Los Vegas Rancho
From Southern California, Gass moved to the El Dorado Canyon, south of modern-day Boulder City, Nevada.He continued his prospecting activities, filing eighteen claims between March 16, 1862 and December 17, 1864. Poor results prompted him to move to the area near modern-day Las Vegas. During his explorations, <mask> discovered an outcropping of salt and spent early 1865 working the find. In late 1865, <mask> moved into the old Mormon fort at Las Vegas with Nathaniel Lewis and Lewis Cole. Originally built in 1855, the fort had been abandoned in 1857. Rights to the property were purchased from William Knapp. Knapp in turn had inherited the rights from his brother, Albert, who had been one of the original Mormon missionaries that built the fort.Gass initially owned  but by 1872 had bought out his partners and owned the entire  ranch. The name of the ranch was changed to Los Vegas Rancho to differentiate it from Las Vegas, New Mexico

The abandoned fort was in a state of general disrepair went <mask> moved in. He and his partners set about the process of repairing the property and turning it into a way station for travelers using the Old Spanish Trail. <mask> and his partners began raising cattle and horses. The fields were planted initially with barley, oats, and wheat with a variety of vegetables and melons added by the second harvest. Orchards were added to produce apples, apricots, figs, and peaches. To all this Gass added  of Mexican pink beans.The local Paiute, used to mesquite beans, considered the pink beans a luxury and Gass used them in lieu of wages when he hired them to work the fields. Wine from the ranch's vineyard became popular with visiting travelers. Gass became a financial

masks: Gass Gass Gass Gass