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 arrangements while being responsible for the overall production of recorded music, <mask> saw himself more as a producer than a musician. That year, Gojira has been considered a "bi-national band". Following a vocal collaboration with Car Bomb on "Third Revelation" in 2012, <mask> decided to undertake his production activitiesapart from Gojira, in 2016 for their album, Meta.He mainly produces American bands at Silver Cord Studio. In September 2018, Nick John, the Gojira, Mastodon, and Slayer manager, died from cancer. Mastodon performed a rendition of Led Zeppelin's Stairway to Heaven at his funeral while Duplantier recorded it on his cell phone. Afterward, Duplantier readjusted the audio taken from his phone and recorded it in his studio with Mastodon for an enhanced version. It was released for Record Store Day on a 10-inch album limited to 1,500 copies with the studio version of the song on the A-side and the live version on the B-side, whose sale proceeds were donated to the Hirshberg Foundation for Pancreatic Cancer Research. Artistry

Influences
Duplantier's early influences include bands such as Death, Metallica, Morbid Angel, Sepultura, Cannibal Corpse, and Slayer. He said that the ambition of Gojira in their early days was to be "violent and dissonant and weird".Duplantier cites Mike Oldfield and his 1983 album Crises as a significant musical inspiration. As he grew older, Duplantier mentioned other musical styles as influences, such as progressive rock, traditional rock, Americana, and blues. In 2021, he has also discussed how Pink Floyd, Led Zeppelin and Jimi Hendrix are continuing inspirations to him. Other artists who Duplantier


type: original

texts:
 has cited as influences include Portishead, Radiohead, and Sade. He has also been surrounded by non-musical influences, such as noise, landscape, and emotion. Voice
Duplantier has been known for his aggressive vocals and own signature style, going from a typical death growl to an emphasis on clean singing in Gojira's latest works. He began using the screaming and guttural vocal styles in an instinctive response to his "rage about the world", the planet's environmental problems, the "cruelty of other kids" at school, and politics; he commented, "I had to grab a guitar and start screaming".<mask>'s clean singing had already appeared on Terra Incognitas "Clone", conveying the message of human interference with Mother Nature. He used different techniques on the From Mars to Sirius album, going from a "growling timbre" to "semi-clean" vocals in an intonation echoing post-punk singer Jaz Coleman. He experimented with his voice on The Way of All Flesh, and then he continued the clean vocals with the low note on L'Enfant Sauvages "Born in Winter". In addition, he brought the vocoder for robotic voice effects in "A Sight to Behold". In 2016, <mask> said he redefined his vocal style with an even greater emphasis on singing. He has expanded his vocal range by personal choice, citing a "vital" need to sing to develop vocal versatility and style diversity. He would take a new vocal approach to his performances during the recording of Magma.On Fortitude, music writer Chad Bowar regarded his vocal performances as a combination of all of his previous techniques: "harsh and melodic". His throat singing was incorporated with various musical forms punctuating

masks: Duplantier Duplantier


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 "Amazonia", such as the woodwind instrument and the Jaw harp. For their review of this album, Forbes Quentin Singer stated that <mask>'s "vocals and lyrical writing remain at the top of his game, and they further cement him as one of the most unique sounding aggressive vocalists of all time." Lyrical themes

In 2016, he gave an interpretation of the thematic in Gojira's songs; he said, "My lyrics speak above all about the liberation of the soul, encourage to see the beauty of things." According to Duplantier, the title of Gojira's second album, The Link, was a symbolic "link" between earth and sky, in allusion to an individual spiritual journey toward self-knowledge. The roots symbolized the unconscious while the branches symbolized the divine; thus, the link represented the trunk. Thematically, Gojira's third album recounted the transition from a situation of conflict and war to a situation of serenity that he hoped to see accomplished within humanity, hence the album's title, From Mars to Sirius.<mask> paid homage to the intelligence of whales on the album and was also inspired by an idea of extraterrestrial life on the "ocean planet" Sirius C. At  that time, he said he has been interested in "other worlds" beyond the earth and "different realities". While he theorized that whales would inhabit Sirius C, From Mars to Sirius was also ecologically themed. Adrien Begrand of PopMatters noted that he explored the spiritual side of this musical style using "words often poetic" in an approach exhibiting "sincerity and complete lack of pretension". Some of the lyrical themes of Gojira reflect Duplantier's personal beliefs in preserving the


texts:
 environment. The album L'Enfant Sauvage elaborated on the theme of man's relationship with nature and was juxtaposed with his "difficult" choice he had made—collectively with Gojira—to integrate himself "to a certain extent" into society to devote his life to music, rather than living "in a cabin surrounded by nature". The newspaper Voir described him as "caught between concrete and bark" and wrote that he nevertheless kept his lucidity to focus on art. The philosophical reflection on the relationship of man to nature has been a theme that perpetually fascinated Duplantier.Lyrically "Silvera" focusses on topics including exploitation of farm animals by industrial and animal rights, and detail cruelty inflicted on animals shown in the lines, "Dead bodies falling from the sky/We are the ape with the vision of the killing." Speaking on his own behalf and on behalf of Gojira, <mask> said, nonetheless, that [he] "do not go on a crusade" or impose [his] ideas on other bands while on tour. According to him, music has remained the most important; saying, "It is raw and in your face." "Stranded" has been a personal song; thus, he did not want to reveal the meaning of the lyrics, nor to whom the song was directed, particularly the line "You kill me face down, dead". However, <mask> explained problematic communication with a person close to him whom he esteemed. His texts also explore themes such as anguish, death, and loss. Reviewing "Amazonia", Alec Chillingworth of Metal Hammer praised its musical style combined with the themes <mask> drew on his lyrics and described it as Gojira's "starkest, definitive protest song".Advocacy and activism
<mask>

masks: Duplantier Duplantier Duplantier Duplantier


texts: supports and is part of the environmental corporation Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. Lyon's Radio Metal asked him what he would do for a living if he was not in Gojira—or even if he would not have made music at all; he responded, "I would be an activist in Greenpeace or Sea Shepherd, an action that defends the planet or the animals. Without any hesitation." He said of himself and Gojira that they spontaneously headed toward Paul Watson and Sea Shepherd and began supporting the organization because, according to him, they became "hard heads" similarly to the band due to the same nomadic lifestyle; adding that they "give everything for their passion, to defend the earth". He felt "mentally" and "spiritually" engaged in the future of the planet; he said, "I have it in my guts. Why? I never really knew".<mask> observed that the planet has been overpopulated, and thus arguing about his lifestyle in accordance with his convictions, he would say: "I try to reduce my impact", adding, "but that seems like just a drop in the ocean". He has been interested and worried about the environmental impact of animal husbandry which demands resources such as water, food and contributes to deforestation. <mask> was a vegetarian but switched to a vegan diet. He has been vegan since 2014. He constantly described himself as an animal-defender speaking in favor of preserving species while evoking humans' responsibility, saying, "The extinction of so many species is going to be one of our legacies". His inner conviction has been represented in Magmas "Silvera" lyrics, shown in the line, "No other blood in me but mine", validating that he does not eat any animals.


texts: <mask> is a member of the International Artists Solidarity organization.In April 2021, in an interview with Zane Lowe on Apple Music 1, <mask> mentioned his intention to launch the band's own foundation to develop its activist branch. He has said being sensitive to the deforestation of the Amazon rainforest, and after reflection and speech, he decided to undertake actions to accomplish positive results. During the COVID-19 pandemic, using Zoom call, <mask> decided to initiate a dialogue with the Indigenous leader Sonia Guajajara of the Articulation of Indigenous People of Brazil, an Indigenously-owned organization fighting for their rights. Guajajara represents more than 300 Indigenous tribes of the Brazilian Amazon. He also spoke with fifteen other Indigenous leaders. In 2021, along with Gojira, he launched Operation Amazonia, an auction to raise funds for the APIB. The charity auction raised more than $300,000 through donations from Metallica, Tool, Devin Townsend, Slash, Slayer, among others.For several days in late August 2021, Duplantier participated in demonstrations supporting the Indigenous cause at one of the largest rallies of Indigenous people in Brazil. The protests held at Monumental Axis were in opposition to a proposed law initiated in 2007, called "PL490", that would change the status of native people. PL490 would supplant the Fundação Nacional do Índio and the Ministry of Justice which decide on the demarcation of Indigenous peoples' lands, thus giving "the last word" to the National Congress of Brazil. The bill ("law project" in Europe) being in a favorable environment in 2021, allows the exercise of economic activities on

masks: Duplantier Duplantier Duplantier


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 the lands of Indigenous peoples, the modification of their demarcation, and the prohibition of the expansion of existing reserves. The protests also oppose the "federal government's anti-Indigenous policies". An action organized by artists, including Duplantier, was undertaken during the protests in the Three Powers Plaza, in front of the Supreme Federal Court, with the intention of "putting pressure" on it and raising public awareness. The action, led by the Indigenous women of Guarani-Kaiowá, resulted in a performance by Duplantier accompanied by these artists who poured blood on the ground and then mopped it up, shouting repeatedly "Indigenous blood, not a drop more".<mask> said that it was "A beautiful example of unity and how to turn anger and despair into chanting and dance." Personal life

Family
In 2010, while Gojira was on tour supporting Metallica in Lithuania, Duplantier met his wife twice in the same day during a "day off"; then Lars Ulrich invited them to drink wine together at the end of the night. In late 2011, <mask> relocated to New York at the start of the recording of L'Enfant Sauvage. The couple got married, and their daughter was born during the winter months of 2012. His wife, Vilma, is an artist and animal rights activist. He described Ulrich as having become a "kind of godfather" to their children, Mila, and Orest. Though he lived in the outskirts of Bayonne in southwest France, he now resides permanently in Brooklyn, New York, where he lives with his wife, daughter, and son (born 2014).His children have been raised listening to Billie Holiday, the Beatles, Michael Jackson, Stevie Wonder, and metal to develop their


texts:
 musical sensitivity. <mask> said he had made a long-planned move to the US because of his dual nationality, and to remain closer to his maternal family and Gojira's management, record company, and lawyer. He is a bilingual speaker of English and French. In mid-April 2015, he (and his brother) flew back to France after an unexpected abrupt deterioration of his mother's state of health. His mother, diagnosed with cancer, asked the family to organize a "great celebration" and a "huge fire" after her death. On 5 July 2015, his mother died in France. His sister, Gabrielle, is a fine-art photographer working alongside her father on the family property in Ondres.During the November 2015 Paris attacks, she was barricaded in a room close to the Bataclan theater's events while working on a photo shoot. Being in New York, <mask> stated he was unable to reach her on the phone during the mass shooting; he said, "It was horror. There are no words". She survived the attacks on the Bataclan. Political views
In 2008, <mask> made a pro-US discourse, stating that the influence of the United States has "a lot of weight in the world, in the world's economy", benefiting from being "a very culturally wealthy country", and has succeeded in "facing the future instead of being in the past". In 2017, he revealed that he no longer believed in politics, saying that "people spend too much time thinking about politicians", wondering "what they can do for them." He said, "I believe in revolution, but the revolution must come from each individual, from within."In 2021, he declared himself opposed to Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro, who accelerated the destruction of the


texts: <mask> (), often known by his surnames as <mask>, <mask>, or Bruxo do Cosme Velho (21 June 1839 – 29 September 1908), was a pioneer Brazilian novelist, poet, playwright and short story writer, widely regarded as the greatest writer of Brazilian literature. Nevertheless, <mask> did not achieve widespread popularity outside Brazil during his lifetime. In 1897 he founded and became the first President of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. He was multilingual, having taught himself French, English, German and Greek in later life. Born in Morro do Livramento, Rio de Janeiro from a poor family, he was the grandson of freed slaves in a country where slavery would not be fully abolished until 49 years later. He barely studied in public schools and never attended university. With only his own intellect to rely on, and largely self-taught, he struggled to rise socially.To do so, he took several public positions, passing through the Ministry of Agriculture, Trade and Public Works, and achieving early fame in newspapers where he published his first poetry and chronicles. <mask>'s work shaped the realism movement in Brazil. He became known for his wit and his eye-opening critiques of society. Generally considered to be <mask>'s greatest works are Dom Casmurro (1899), Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas ("Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas", also translated as Epitaph of a Small Winner) and Quincas Borba (also known in English as Philosopher or Dog?). In 1893 he published

masks:
Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis
Machado de Assis
Machado
Assis
Machado
Machado


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 "A Missa do Galo" ("Midnight Mass"), often considered to be the greatest short story in Brazilian literature. American literary critic Harold Bloom included <mask> <mask> in his list of 100 geniuses of literature. Bloom considers him the greatest black writer in Western literature.Biography

Birth and adolescence

Joaquim <mask> <mask> was born on 21 June 1839 in Rio de Janeiro, then capital of the Empire of Brazil. His parents were Francisco José <mask>, a wall painter, the son of freed slaves, and Maria Leopoldina da Câmara <mask>, a Portuguese washerwoman from the Azores. He was born in Livramento country house, owned by Dona Maria José <mask> Barroso Pereira, widow of senator Bento Barroso Pereira, who protected his parents and allowed them to live with her. Dona Maria José became Joaquim's godmother; her brother-in-law, commendatory Joaquim <mask> Sousa da Silveira, was his godfather, and both were paid homage by giving their names to the baby. <mask> had a sister who died young. Joaquim studied in a public school, but was not a good student. While helping to serve masses, he met Father Silveira Sarmento, who became his Latin teacher and also a good friend.When Joaquim was ten years old, his mother died, and his father took him along as he moved to São Cristóvão. <mask> <mask> met Maria Inês da Silva, and they married in 1854. Joaquim had classes in a school for girls only, thanks to his stepmother who worked there making candies. At night he

masks:
Machado
de Assis
Maria Machado
de Assis
de Assis
Machado
de Mendonça
Alberto de
Machado
Francisco de
Assis


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 learned French with an immigrant baker. In his adolescence, he met <mask> Paulo Brito, who owned a bookstore, a newspaper and typography. On 12 January 1855, <mask> Paula published the poem Ela ("Her") written by Joaquim, then 15 years old, in the newspaper Marmota Fluminense. In the following year, he was hired as typographer's apprentice in the Imprensa Oficial (the Official Press, charged with the publication of Government measures), where he was encouraged as a writer by Manuel Antônio <mask>, the newspaper's director and also a novelist.There he also met Francisco Otaviano, journalist and later liberal senator, and Quintino Bocaiúva, who decades later would become known for his role as a republican orator. Early career and education

Francisco Otaviano hired <mask> to work on the newspaper Correio Mercantil as a proofreader in 1858. He continued to write for the Marmota Fluminense and also for several other newspapers, but he did not earn much and had a humble life. As he did not live with his father anymore, it was common for him to eat only once a day for lack of money. Around this time, he became a friend of the writer and liberal politician <mask> Alencar, who taught him English. From English literature, he was influenced by Laurence Sterne, William Shakespeare, Lord Byron and Jonathan Swift. He learned German years later and in his old age, Greek.He was invited by Bocaiúva to work at his newspaper Diário do Rio de Janeiro in 1860. Machado

masks:
Francisco de
Francisco de
de Almeida
Machado
José de


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 had a passion for theater and wrote several plays for a short time; his friend Bocaiúva concluded: "Your works are meant to be read and not played." He gained some notability and began to sign his writings as J. M<mask> <mask>, the way he would be known for posterity: <mask> <mask>. He established himself in advanced Liberal Party circles by taking stands in defense of religious freedom and Ernest Renan's controversial Life of Jesus while attacking the venality of the clergy. His father <mask> <mask> died in 1864. Machado learned of his father's death through acquaintances. He dedicated his compilation of poems called "Crisálidas" to his father: "To the Memory of Francisco José <mask> and Maria Leopoldina <mask> <mask>, my Parents."With the Liberal Party's ascension to power about that time, Machado thought he might receive a patronage position that would help him improve his life. To his surprise, aid came from the Emperor Dom Pedro II, who hired him as director-assistant in the Diário Oficial in 1867, and knighted him as an honor. In 1888 <mask> was made an officer of the Order of the Rose. Marriage and family

In 1868 <mask> met the Portuguese Carolina Augusta <mask> Novais, five years older than him. She was the sister of his colleague Faustino <mask> Novais, for whom he worked on the magazine O Futuro. <mask> had a stammer and was extremely shy, short and lean. He was also very intelligent and well learned.He married Carolina on 12 November 1869;

masks:
. Machado
de Assis
Machado
desis
Francisco de
Assis
de Assis
Machado
de Assis
Machado
Machado
Xavier de
Xavier de
Machado


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 although her parents Miguel and <mask>, and her siblings disapproved because <mask> was of African descent and she was a white woman. They had no children. Literature

<mask> managed to rise in his bureaucratic career, first in the Agriculture Department. Three years later, he became the head of a section in it. He published two poetry books: Falenas, in 1870, and Americanas, in 1875. Their weak reception made him explore other literary genres. He wrote five romantic novels: Ressurreição, A Mão e Luva, Helena and Iaiá Garcia.The books were a success with the public, but literary critics considered them mediocre. <mask> suffered repeated attacks of epilepsy, apparently related to hearing of the death of his old friend <mask> Alencar. He was left melancholic, pessimistic and fixed on death. His next book, marked by "a skeptical and realistic tone": Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas (Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas, also translated as Epitaph of a Small Winner), is widely considered a masterpiece. By the end of the 1880s, <mask> had gained wide renown as a writer. Although he was opposed to slavery, he never spoke against it in public. He avoided discussing politics.He was criticized by the abolitionist José do Patrocínio and by the writer Lima Barreto for staying away from politics, especially the cause of abolition. He was also criticized by them for having married a white woman. <mask> was caught by surprise with the monarchy overthrown on 15 November

masks:
Adelaide
Machado
Machado
Machado
José de
Machado
Machado


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 1889. Machado had no sympathy towards republicanism, as he considered himself a liberal monarchist and venerated Pedro II, whom he perceived as "a humble, honest, well-learned and patriotic man, who knew how to make of a throne a chair [for his simplicity], without diminishing its greatness and respect." When a commission went to the public office where he worked to remove the picture of the former emperor, the shy Machado defied them: "The picture got in here by an order and it shall leave only by another order." The birth of the Brazilian republic made Machado become more critical and an observer of the Brazilian society of his time. From then on, he wrote "not only the greatest novels of his time, but the greatest of all time of Brazilian literature."Works such as Quincas Borba (Philosopher or Dog?) (1891), Dom Casmurro (1899), Esaú e Jacó (1904) and Memorial de Aires (1908), considered masterpieces, were successes with both critics and the public. In 1893 he published "A Missa do Galo" ("Midnight Mass"), considered his greatest short story. Later years

<mask> <mask>, along with fellow monarchists such as Joaquim Nabuco, <mask> Oliveira Lima, Afonso Celso, Viscount of Ouro Preto and Alfredo d'Escragnolle Taunay, and other writers and intellectuals, founded the Brazilian Academy of Letters. He was its first president, from 1897 to 1908, when he died. For many years, he requested that the government grant a proper headquarters to the Academy, which

masks:
Machado
de Assis
Manuel de


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 he managed to obtain in 1905. In 1902 he was transferred to the accountancy's directing board of the Ministry of Industry.His wife Carolina Novais died on 20 October 1904, after 35 years of a "perfect married life". Feeling depressed and lonely, <mask> died on 29 September 1908. Narrative style

<mask>'s style is unique, and several literary critics have tried to describe it since 1897. He is considered by many the greatest Brazilian writer of all time, and one of the world's greatest novelists and short story writers. His chronicles do not share the same status. His poems are often misunderstood for the use of crude terms, sometimes associated to the pessimist style of Augusto dos Anjos, another Brazilian writer. <mask> <mask> was included on American literary critic Harold Bloom's list of the greatest 100 geniuses of literature, alongside writers such as Dante, Shakespeare and Cervantes.Bloom considers him the greatest black writer in Western literature; although, in Brazil, <mask> is perceived as a Pardo. His works have been studied by critics in various countries of the world, such as Giuseppe Alpi (Italy), <mask> Andreassi (Portugal), Albert Bagby Jr. (US), Abel Barros Baptista (Portugal), Hennio Morgan Birchal (Brazil), Edoardo Bizzarri (Italy), Jean-Michel Massa (France), Helen Caldwell (US), John Gledson (England), Adrien Delpech (France), Albert Dessau (Germany), Paul B. Dixon (US), Keith Ellis (US), Edith Fowke (Canada), Anatole France

masks:
Machado
Machado
Machado
de Assis
Machado
Lourdes


texts: (France), Richard Graham (US), <mask> (France), David Jackson (US), G. Reginald Daniel (US), Linda Murphy Kelley (US), John C. Kinnear, Alfred Mac Adam (US), Victor Orban (France), Daphne Patai (US), Houwens Post (Italy), Samuel Putnam (US), <mask> Schmitt, Tony Tanner (England), Jack E. Tomlins (US), Carmelo Virgillo (US), Dieter Woll (Germany), August Willemsen (Netherlands) and Susan Sontag (US). Critics are divided as to the nature of <mask> <mask>'s writing. Some, such as Abel Barros Baptista, classify <mask> as a staunch anti-realist, and argue that his writing attacks Realism, aiming to negate the possibility of representation or the existence of a meaningful objective reality. Realist critics such as John Gledson are more likely to regard <mask>'s work as a faithful description of Brazilian reality—but one executed with daring innovative technique. In light of Machado's own statements, Daniel argues that Machado's novels represent a growing sophistication and daring in maintaining a dialogue between the aesthetic subjectivism of Romanticism (and its offshoots) and the aesthetic objectivism of Realism-Naturalism. Accordingly, Machado's earlier novels have more in common with a hybrid mid-19th-century current often referred to as "Romantic Realism."In addition, his later novels have more in common with another late 19th-century hybrid: literary Impressionism. Historians such as Sidney Chalhoub argue that <mask>'s prose constitutes an exposé of

masks:
Pierre Hourcade
John Hyde
Machado
de Assis
Machado
Machado
Machado


texts: the social, political and economic dysfunction of late Imperial Brazil. Critics agree on how he used innovative techniques to reveal the contradictions of his society. Roberto Schwarz points out that <mask>'s innovations in prose narrative are used to expose the hypocrisies, contradictions, and dysfunction of 19th-century Brazil. Schwarz,  argues that Machado inverts many narrative and intellectual conventions to reveal the pernicious ends to which they are used. Thus we see critics reinterpret Machado according to their own designs or their perception of how best to validate him for their own historical moment. Regardless, his incisive prose shines through, able to communicate with readers from different times and places, conveying his ironic and yet tender sense of what we, as human beings, are.<mask>'s literary style has inspired many Brazilian writers. His works have been adapted to television, theater, and cinema. In 1975 the Comissão Machado de Assis ("Machado de Assis Commission"), organized by the Brazilian Ministry of Education and Culture, organized and published critical editions of <mask>'s works, in 15 volumes. His main works have been translated into many languages. Great 20th-century writers such as Salman Rushdie, Cabrera Infante and Carlos Fuentes, as well as the American film director Woody Allen, have expressed their enthusiasm for his fiction. Despite the efforts and patronage of such well-known intellectuals as Susan Sontag,

masks: Machado Machado Machado


texts:
 Harold Bloom, and Elizabeth Hardwick, <mask>'s books—the most famous of which are available in English in multiple translations—have never achieved large sales in the English-speaking world and he continues to be relatively unknown, even by comparison with other Latin American writers. In his works, Machado appeals directly to the reader, breaking the so-called fourth wall.Rio de Janeiro: Livraria Garnier (20 vols.) 1962 – Obras Completas. Rio de Janeiro: W.M. Jackson (31 vols.) 1997 – Obras Completas. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Globo (31 vols.) 2006 – Obras Completas.Rio de Janeiro: Nova Aguilar (3 vols.) Works in English translation
 1921 – Brazilian Tales. Boston: The Four Seas Company (London: Dodo Press, 2007). 1952 – Epitaph of a Small Winner. New York: Noonday Press (London: Hogarth Press, 1985; republished as The Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas: A Novel. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997; Epitaph of a Small Winner. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2008; UK: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2008).1953 – Dom Casmurro: A Novel. New York: Noonday Press (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966; republished as Dom Casmurro. Lord Taciturn. London: Peter Owen, 1992; Dom Casmurro: A Novel. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997). 1954 – Philosopher or Dog? New York: Avon Books (republished as The Heritage of Quincas Borba.New York: W.H. Allen, 1957; New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1992; republished as Quincas Borba: A Novel. New York: Oxford


texts: University Press, 1998). 1963 – The Psychiatrist, and Other Stories. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1965 – Esau and Jacob. Berkeley: University of California Press.1970 – The Hand & the Glove. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. 1972 – Counselor Ayres' Memorial. Berkeley: University of California Press (republished as The Wager: Aires' Journal. London: Peter Owen, 1990; also republished as The Wager, 2005). 1976 – Yayá Garcia: A Novel. London: Peter Owen (republished as Iaiá Garcia.Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1977). 1977 – The Devil's Church and Other Stories. Austin: University of Texas Press (New York: HarperCollins Publishers Ltd, 1987). 1984 – Helena: A Novel. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2008 – A Chapter of Hats and Other Stories. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.2012 – The Alienist. New York: Melville House Publishing. 2013 – Resurrection. Pennsylvania: Latin American Literary Review Press. 2013 – The Alienist and Other Stories of Nineteenth-century Brazil. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing. 2014 – Ex Cathedra: Stories by <mask> <mask> — Bilingual Edition.Hanover, Conn.: New London Librarium. 2016 – Miss Dollar: Stories by <mask> <mask> — Bilingual Edition. Hanover, Conn.: New London Librarium. 2018 – Trio in A-Minor: Five Stories by <mask> <mask>—Bilingual Edition. Hanover, Conn.: New London Librarium. 2018 - The Collected Stories of <mask> <mask>. New York : Liveright & Company.2018 – Good Days! : The Bons

masks:
Machado
desis
Machado
de Assis
Machado
de Assis
Machado
desis


texts:
 Dias! Chronicles of <mask> <mask> (1888-1889) — Bilingual Edition. Hanover, Conn.: New London Librarium. Titles and honours

Titles
 Founding member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters (1896–1908). President of the Brazilian Academy of Letters (1897–1908). Honours
 : Knight of the Order of the Rose (1867).: Officer of the Order of the Rose (1888). Tribute
On June 21, 2017, Google celebrated his 178th birthday with a Google Doodle. Notes

References
 Bueno, Eduardo (2003). Brasil: Uma História. 1ª ed. São Paulo: Ática. Encilopédia Barsa (1987).Volume 10: "Judô – Mercúrio". Rio de Janeiro: Encyclopædia Britannica do Brasil. Scarano, Júlia Maria Leonor (1969). Grandes Personagens da Nossa História. São Paulo: Abril Cultural. Vainfas, Ronaldo (2002). Dicionário do Brasil Imperial.Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva. Further reading

 Abreu, <mask> <mask> (1939). <mask> <mask>. Rio de Janeiro: Norte. Andrade, Mário (1943). Aspectos da Literatura Brasileira. Rio de Janeiro: Americ.Ed. Aranha, Graça (1923). Machado <mask> e Joaquim Nabuco: Comentários e Notas à Correspondência. São Paulo: Monteiro Lobato. Barreto Filho (1947). Introdução a Machado <mask>sis. Rio de Janeiro: Agir.Bettencourt <mask>, José (1962). <mask> of Brazil, the Life and Times of <mask> <mask>, Brazil's Greatest Novelist. New York: Charles Frank Publications. Bosi, Alfredo. (Organizador) Machado de Assis. São Paulo: Editora Atica, 1982. Bosi, Alfredo (2000).<mask> <mask>: O Enigma do Olhar. São

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Machado
de Assis
Modesto
de
Machado
de Assis
desis
de As
Machado
Machado
Machado
de Assis
Machado
de Assis


texts:
 Paulo: Ática. Broca, Brito (1957). Machado de Assis e a Política. Rio de Janeiro: Organização Simões Editora. Chalhoub, Sidney (2003). <mask> <mask>, Historiador.São Paulo: Companhia das Letras. Cheney, et al. (editors) (2014) Ex Cathedra: Stories by <mask> <mask>--Bilingual Edition. Hanover, CT:New London Librarium
 Corção, Gustavo (1956). Machado de Assis. Rio de Janeiro: Agir. Coutinho, Afrânio (1959).A Filosofia de Machado de Assis e Outros Ensaios. Rio de Janeiro: São José. Dantas, Júlio (1940). Machado de Assis. Lisboa: Academia das Ciências. Dixon, Paul B. (1989).Retired Dreams: Dom Casmurro, Myth and Modernity. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press. Faoro, Raimundo (1974). Machado de Assis: Pirâmide e o Trapézio. São Paulo: Cia. Ed. Nacional.Fitz, Earl E. (1989). Machado <mask>. Boston: Twayne Publishers. Gledson, John (1984). The Deceptive Realism of Machado <mask>. Liverpool: Francis Cairns. Gledson, John (1986).<mask> <mask>: Ficção e História. Rio de Janeiro: Paz & Terra. Goldberg, Isaac (1922). "Joaquim <mask> <mask>." In: Brazilian Literature. New York: Alfred A. Knoff, pp. 142–164.Gomes, Eugênio (1976). Influências Inglesas em Machado de Assis. Rio de Janeiro: Pallas; Brasília: INL. Graham, Richard (ed.). Machado <mask>: Reflections on a Brazilian Master Writer. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1999. Lima, Alceu Amoroso (1941).Três Ensaios sobre <mask> <mask>. Belo Horizonte: Paulo & Bruhm. Magalhães Jr, Raimundo (1981). Vida e

masks:
Machado
desis
Machado
de Assis
de Assis
de Assis
Machado
de Assis
Maria Machado
de Assis
desis
Machado
desis


texts: Obra de Machado de Assis. Rio de Janeiro/Brasília: Civilização Brasileira/INL. Maia Neto, José Raimundo (1984). <mask> <mask>, the Brazilian Pyrrhonian.West Lafayette, Ind. : Purdue University Press. Massa, Jean-Michel (1971). A Juventude de Machado de Assis. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira. Merquior, José Guilherme (1971). "Machado de Assis e a Prosa Impressionista."In: De Anchieta a Euclides; Breve História da Literatura Brasileira. Rio de Janeiro: José Olympio, pp. 150–201. Meyer, Augusto (1935). Machado de Assis. Porto Alegre: Globo. Meyer, Augusto (1958).Machado <mask> 1935–1958. Rio de Janeiro: Livraria São José. Montello, Jesué (1998). Os Inimigos de Machado de Assis. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Nova Fronteira. Nunes, Maria Luisa (1983). The Craft of an Absolute Winner: Characterization and Narratology in the Novels of <mask> <mask>.Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. Paes, José Paulo. (1985). Gregos e Baianos: Ensaios. São Paulo: Brasiliense. Pereira, Astrogildo (1944). Interpretação.Rio de Janeiro: Casa do Estudante do Brasil. Miguel-Pereira, Lúcia (1936). <mask> <mask>: Estudo Critíco e Biográfico. São Paulo: Cia. Ed. Nacional. Schwarz, Roberto (2000).Ao Vencedor as Batatas. São Paulo: Duas Cidades/Editora34. Schwarz, Roberto (1997). Duas Meninas. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras. Schwarz, Roberto (1990). Um Mestre na Periferia do Capitalismo.São Paulo: Duas <mask>. Trans. as A Master on the Periphery of Capitalism. Trans. and intro. John

masks:
Machado
de Assis
desis
Machado
de Assis
Machado
desis
Cidades


texts:
 Gledson. Durham: Duke UP, 2001.Taylor, David (2002). "Wry Modernist of Brazil's Past." Américas, Nov.-Dec., issue. Washington, DC. Veríssimo, José (1916). História da Literatura Brasileira. Rio de Janeiro: Livrarias Aillaud & Bertrand.External links

  Machado de Assis at Brasialiana, University of São Paulo (digitalized first editions of all the books in PDF)
  Complete Works of Machado de Assis – Brazilian Ministry of Education
  MetaLibri Digital Library
 Contos Fluminenses
 Dom Casmurro
 Memórias Póstumas de Bras Cubas
 Quincas Borba

  <mask> a literary biography. Books of <mask> <mask> in Biblioteca Virtual do Estudante de Língua Portuguesa. Manuscrito de Machado de Assis – Handwritten pieces
 Espaço Machado de Assis
 João Cezar de Castro Rocha, "Introduction: Machado de Assis, the Location of an Author"

1839 births
1908 deaths
Brazilian monarchists
Brazilian male novelists
19th-century Brazilian dramatists and playwrights
Brazilian male dramatists and playwrights
19th-century Brazilian poets
Brazilian male poets
Brazilian male short story writers
Brazilian Roman Catholics
Brazilian translators
Members of the Brazilian Academy of Letters
19th-century Brazilian novelists
20th-century Brazilian novelists
Brazilian people of Azorean descent
Writers from Rio de Janeiro (city)
Portuguese-language writers
Translators to Portuguese
19th-century Brazilian short story writers
Brazilian people of African descent
19th-century Brazilian male

masks:
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Machado
de Assis


texts:
<mask> (born 1934) is a Ghanaian Methodist theologian known for her work in African women's theology. She is currently the director of the Institute of African Women in Religion and Culture at Trinity Theological Seminary in Ghana. Biography
<mask>wa <mask> was born on her grandfather's cacao farm in Amoanna, near Asamankese, Ghana, in October 1934. Her name, Ewudziwa is of Akan origin and was given to her in honor of her grandfather. Oduyoye's story begins from her location where African theology, the impression of African women, and African culture influenced her greatly. She was the first child born to her parents, Charles Kwaw Yamoah a teacher and pastor who became president of the Methodist Church in Ghana and a "strong-willed" mother, <mask>. Oduyoye has eight siblings in her family.As a young girl, concepts such as Gender and motherhood began shaping her into a young woman. Oduyoye talks about the importance of Matrilineal kinship in her Ghanaian upbringing where women held a vital part in their family, passing down their names. However, later on, she was married into a patrilineal kinship by her Nigerian husband as a part of the Yoruba culture. Oduyoye never had kids. As a young girl, she does not recall the effects of gender binary because she suggests, she and her brothers all helped around the house without separation of tasks. Therefore, gender construction was a new element to Oduyoye because it never existed in her household. Although, the main difference she remembers is how the firstborn in African families, the eldest daughter was unmistakable “the second mother.” In this sense, cultural practices became one of the main issues for Oduyoye to criticize in her later years.As big as her family was, all Children went to post-secondary education, and some trained as nurses. Education
<mask> attended Mmofraturo, a Methodist girls boarding school in Kumasi, Ghana,

masks:
Mercy Amba Oduyoye
Mercy Amba Ewudzi
Oduyoye
Mercy Yaa Dakwa Yamoah
Oduyoye


texts: where Biblical scholarship was a required study. In 1948, as a teenager, she experienced the atmosphere of Ghana's independence as Ghanaian boycotted European goods. In the Ghanaian Administration was Kwame Nkrumah, the President and later the Prime Minister of Ghana from 1959 to 1966. These beginning in <mask>'s life gave her insight into patriarchy and the view of Europe as a Commonwealth. Also, her sense of Pan-African increased. For president Nkrumah at the time, "...Ghana's Independence meant nothing if the rest of Africa was not Independent.” This quote inspired Oduyoye's work because she saw liberation as intrinsic to African Women's Theology.Nkuruham thought education could help Africa regain its power instead of continuing to help Europe in collecting wealth. Therefore, Ghana offered free secondary school education for students in exchange for them to “...work for the Government for five years in any part of Africa" after their completion. <mask>'s analysis of Europe was critical because she thought about her grandfather's Cacao farm. The economy is very much interconnected from her perspective to politics because she says, “Cocoa is part of my heritage; it provided financial support and stability.” <mask> saw how Europe subjugated Ghana's wealth through power structure. Also, marriage in African Culture interconnects with wealth. The most leading case for polygamy in Africa, is connected to successful men, economically. In 1959, Oduyoye decided to go to the University of Ghana to study theology.However, at the time, theology was not a popular subject of study for many universities undergraduates, namely women, and she felt alone when she decided to pursue it. Later on, she realized that many African women studied theology as they went on to pursue masters and further studies in the field. Hence, it is important to note why <mask> claims she is not the first African

masks: Oduyoye Oduyoye Oduyoye Oduyoye


texts:
 Women Theologian because she distinguished how all these women practiced/studied theology in Africa. The purpose for the name African Women's Theology means; “we are African, we are women, and we are a theologian.” <mask> earned a Bachelor of Theology degree from the University of Ghana in 1963, a second bachelor's and master's degree from Cambridge University in 1965 and 1969. In her time at Cambridge, she realized how the education structure was not different at all. The fact rested on how the system of study in Ghana was “based on the Cambridge system.” Now, <mask> is considered one of the leading Protestant African theologians. African Women's Theology
When <mask> finished her studies at Cambridge, she taught at Princeton University in the 1960s.In the 1970s, she taught other campuses in the United States, Europe, and Africa few are Harvard University, Union Theological Seminary, and the University of Ibadan. In this period of teaching, she realized that “people who wrote about Africa and Christianity in Africa, were not Africans.” Also, the Africans who wrote about Christianity were men, having only “male face in mind." These facts made Oduyoye continue to pursue activism in challenging the status quo in Africa where women were silenced, in this case voicing for African women and theology. As she notes, “liberation theology became my theology voice.” <mask> led a few organizations besides her teaching career, such as the Ecumenical Association of Third-World Theologian (EATWOT). From 1967 to 1979, she was youth education secretary for the World Council of Churches; from 1987 to 1994, she was Deputy General Secretary for the same organization. She has taught at Harvard University, Union Theological Seminary, and the University of Ibadan. She has also served as president of the World Student Christian Federation and founded the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians


texts:
 in 1989.During her time in the US, <mask> experienced the Black Liberation theology and womanist theologymovements. The subject “liberation theology was not sensitive to feminist issues" was a criticism from <mask>. She saw issues of sexuality that feminist in the western part of the world stress as their main topic not applicable to African women. In the US, Alice Walker brought about a campaign through a novel and documentary, Mary Daly published Gyn/ecology on the issues of genital mutilation as a primary concern for all women. Contrary to this, <mask> says that womanist theology from the African perspective underlines poverty and discrimination upon women. Secondly, the problem for <mask> was Westerners only report about the good works of the missionaries and their benefit upon the population of Africa, all too good to be true. She disrupts the above narrative and insists Africans have a culture and tradition nonconformitive to western ideals.For <mask>, “the Bible is not British culture or French culture or European culture.” In totality, her work around African women's theology, in this case, was improving what African men have started. Theology in Africa was a two-winged theology, where men and women were making the appropriate improvement together, narrating two necessary viewpoints. The approach missionaries had on converting a person to Christianity by giving up one's culture seemed inappropriate. Oduyoye saw the need to revitalize African theology as “...a prerequisite to other independences." <mask> has written four books and more than eighty articles focusing on Christian theology from a feminist and African perspective. <mask> has been awarded honorary degrees by University of Amsterdam (1991), Stellenbosch University the University of the Western Cape in 2002 and Yale University in 2008. Christianity and African Traditions
The Africa continent has many

masks: Oduyoye Oduyoye Oduyoye Oduyoye Oduyoye Oduyoye Oduyoye


texts:
 believers; Muslims, Christians, Buddhists, Hindus, and Sikhs.Therefore, God plays a vital role in societies and cultures. Forming the distinction of whether God is a woman or man becomes very important in some cultures. Like the myths and Folktales offered in traditional teachings. Some cultures prefer to show men as powerful while women are not. The taboo in Nigeria is how women use witchcraft powers against men because they do not succumb to the natural order of things, showing men as above women. Sometimes, the narrative is Christian women become attached to Jesus as a Prophet who can relate to the suffering and pain of the world. In this case, the patriarchal system subjugates women.Gender plays a critical role in relationships, such as in Yoruba or Akan cultures. Oduyoye sees the need to hold churches accountable as she emphasizes men and women have equal status before God. Hence, in marriage, contracts should not be looked upon which party benefits but a live a life of the partnership. <mask> sees the need to re-evaluate African traditions because she sees colonialism as a system that interfered with them, such as martial law by the British in Lagos 1864. Oduyoye encourages women not to remain quiet but realize they hold the brick in forming churches in their communities. She seems theology in Africa outside the western interpretation because both men and women play a role in the body of Christ which is the Church. Global Impact/Legacy
<mask> is recognized for her work in transnationalism because she has broken barriers and acted as a force of nature voicing for the voiceless if it meant going past the African Continent.Global feminist theology is her focus in transnational work. Oduyoye operates in a post-colonial narrative to revitalize Indigenous cultures from the western phenomena. In her second assembly of EATWOT in New Delhi, India 1981, <mask> addressed what she

masks: Oduyoye Oduyoye Oduyoye


texts:
 termed as “irruption within the irruption. For her, gender division has taken root in the Global South inspired by colonial structures. Oduyoye uses the trait of hospitality and sisterhood to help people in the Global South deal with the effects of shared oppressions. In a way, when countries in the Global South help one another, they act in genuine solidarity because they share the same experiences. Collaboration is a dream that can help achieve impactful achievement.Oduyoye leaves the legacy of doing something where it is needed. She shows the role of confidence and sophistication that lies in individuals to chase after in changing the world as they see it fit. Works
'Reflections from a Third World Woman's Perspective: Women's Experience and Liberation Theologies', in Irruption in the Third World the Challenge to Theology (1983)
Hearing and Knowing: Theological Reflections on Christianity in Africa Eugene, Or. : Wipf and Stock Publishers, 1986. ,
'Women and Ritual in Africa' in The Will to Arise: Women, Tradition, and the Church in Africa (1992)
'Feminist Theology in an African Perspective' in Paths of African Theology (1994)
Daughters of Anowa: African Women and Patriarchy Maryknoll, NY Orbis Books 1999. ,
Introducing African Women's Theology Cleveland: The Pilgrim Press, 2001. ,
Beads and Strands: Reflections of an African Woman on Christianity in Africa Maryknoll, New York : Orbis Books, 2004. ,

References

Further reading

Living people
1934 births
Ghanaian feminists
Ghanaian Methodists
Ghanaian theologians
Methodist theologians
21st-century Protestant theologians
University of Ghana alumni
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Harvard University faculty
University of Ibadan faculty
Women Christian theologians
Christianity in Africa
Chicago Theological Seminary alumni
20th-century Protestant theologians
World Christianity scholars
Christian feminist


texts:
<mask> (1799 – November 13, 1829), known as "The Jersey Jumper", "The Daring Yankee", or the "Yankee Leaper" became the first famous American daredevil after successfully jumping from a raised platform into the Niagara River near the base of Niagara Falls in 1829. Biography

Early life
<mask> was born to <mask> and Abigail McIntire and was the fifth child of the family that included Molly, Greenleaf, Nabby, <mask> (died as an infant), <mask>, and Issac. <mask> was raised in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, where he began working as a child laborer spinning cotton in a mill. When he was not working, he entertained other boys by jumping off the mill dam. By his early 20s, he was working at a mill in Paterson, New Jersey, and was jumping off ever-higher spots. He was beginning to attract crowds for his well-advertised stunts. On September 30, 1827, he jumped off the  Passaic Falls (The Great Falls of Paterson) in New Jersey, pleasing a large crowd that had gathered.He repeated this jump at least two more times. On August 11, 1828, <mask> jumped 100 feet at Hoboken, New Jersey. He became known in the press as "<mask> the Jersey Jumper." <mask> continued his career jumping from bridges, factory walls, and ships' masts. Niagara Falls

In the fall of 1829, <mask> gained fame by leaping into the Niagara River near the base of Niagara Falls. <mask> was the star attraction at an event designed to draw visitors to the falls. A 125-foot ladder was extended over the river below Goat Island, opposite the Cave of the Winds.Less than an hour before the scheduled noon jump, a chain securing

masks:
Sam Patch
Sam Patch
Mayo Greenleaf Patch
Samuel
Samuel
Sam
Patch
Patch
Patch
Patch
Patch


texts:
 the ladder to the cliff wall snapped, breaking 15 feet from the ladder. Rescheduled for 4 PM, <mask> jumped on time, from a height of more than 80 feet. A boat circled near the entry point, but <mask> did not appear. When he was finally spotted on the shore, a great roar went up from the crowd. Bad weather and the delay in his arrival drew a disappointingly small crowd for this jump, so <mask> announced he would repeat the feat a second time from the greater height of 120 feet on October 17. A few days later, 10,000 gathered to watch him keep his word. Following his feat at Niagara falls, <mask> achieved nationwide fame.His name became a household word and his slogan "some things can be done as well as others" became a popular expression across the nation. Rochester
Shortly after, <mask> went to Rochester, New York, to challenge the  High Falls of the Genesee River. On Friday, November 6, 1829, in front of an estimated 7,000 to 8,000 spectators, <mask> went out onto a rock ledge in the middle of the falls. He first threw a pet bear cub over the falls and the cub managed to swim safely to shore. <mask> then successfully jumped after the bear. Last jump

His first jump into the Genesee River raised a disappointing amount of money, so he decided to repeat the stunt one week later on November 13, 1829, (Friday the 13th). This time, he increased the height of the jump to  by constructing a  stand.Accounts from the 8,000 present differ on whether he actually jumped or fell, but he did not achieve his normal feet-first vertical entry. A loud impact was heard and he never

masks:
Patch
Patch
Patch
Sam Patch
Patch
Patch
Patch


texts:
 surfaced. Rumors were passed that he had hidden in a cave at the base of the falls, and was enjoying all the excitement he had created. But his frozen body was found in the ice in Charlotte (Rochester) early the next spring by Silas Hudson. He was about 30 years old. Local ministers and newspapers were quick to blame the crowd for urging him to jump, and put the guilt of his death on them. He was buried in Charlotte Cemetery, near where his body was found.A wooden board (now gone) was placed over his grave. It read: "Here lies <mask> – Such is Fame". Legacy
<mask>'s legacy continued to build in the years following his death. He became a popular folk hero in both written poems and stories as well as the hero of a series of theatrical plays by actor Dan Marble entitled <mask> the Yankee Jumper, followed by <mask> at Home, a London Tour of <mask> in France, and <mask> the Jumper (1844). President Andrew Jackson named his horse <mask> in <mask>'s honor. His legacy continues into the 21st century with media references including:
The band Piñataland chronicled <mask>'s 1827 jump on a song titled "The Fall of Sam <mask>" on their 2008 album Songs for the Forgotten Future Vol. 2.The IFC comedy sketch show The Birthday Boys referenced the story of <mask> as a running gag/call back during the 4th episode of their second season entitled "Freshys". The podcast The Memory Palace featured the story of <mask> in the episode "Plummeting Approval". Drunk History featured <mask>'s story in the Season 4, Episode 2 episode, "Legends", played by actor and comedian Kyle Mooney. Canadian

masks:
Sam Patch
Sam Patch
Sam Patch
Sam Patch
Sam Patch
Sam Patch
Sam Patch
Patch
Patch
Patch
Sam Patch
Sam Patch
Sam Patch


texts:
 musician Tim Kingsbury adopted the name <mask> for a musical project. <mask> is the name given to a replica Erie Canal packet boat that provides tours of the Rochester area waterways. Literary references

"<mask>'s Fearsome Leap," a tale in Grandfather Stories by <mask> Adams, is a reconstructed first-hand account of the day of <mask>'s last leap. It is not clear whether Adams based the tale on a real first-hand account or wrote it as historical fiction.<mask> appears as a "daring moral hero" in the works of Hawthorne and Melville, and also appears in the poem "Paterson" by William Carlos Williams. The adventures of <mask> and his bear, as narrated by the bear himself, comprise the picaresque novel by William Getz, <mask>: Ballad of a Jumping Man (New York: Franklin Watts, 1986). References

External links

"<mask>, the “Jersey Jumper”: The Fall and Rise of <mask>" article about at WeirdNJ.com
Episode of the  memory palace history podcast  about the  life and career of <mask>. 1799 births
1829 deaths
Accidental deaths in New York (state)
American male divers
American stunt performers
Diving deaths
Niagara Falls
People from Pawtucket, Rhode Island
People from Paterson, New

masks:
Sam Patch
Sam Patch
Sam Patch
Samuel Hopkins
Patch
Patch
Patch
Sam Patch
Sam Patch
Sam Patch
Sam Patch


texts:
<mask><mask>" <mask> (September 21, 1923 – July 16, 2003) was an American football running back. He played college football for Indiana University, and after military service in the Second World War, the University of Maryland. While playing for Maryland, he set the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) season scoring high for 1947 with 16 touchdowns and 96 points and was named the 1948 Gator Bowl most valuable player. <mask> played professional football for two years with the Baltimore Colts in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC), an early competitor of the National Football League (NFL). Early life
<mask> was born in Berwyn, Illinois on September 21, 1923. He attended J.S. Morton High School in Cicero, Illinois, where he was a football and track & field standout.<mask> enrolled at Indiana University in 1941, and he played football for the Hoosiers on the freshman team in 1941 and on the varsity team in . That season, head coach Bo McMillin led Indiana to a 7–3 record, and the Hoosiers recorded six defensive shutouts and outscored their opponents 256–79. At Indiana, <mask> played alongside consensus All-America back, and future Colts teammate, Billy Hillenbrand. Shortly thereafter, <mask> dropped out of school to join the United States Army Air Forces and serve during the Second World War. College career
<mask> was selected in the 1945 NFL Draft by the Chicago Bears in the 26th round as the 271st overall pick. In 1946, he was discharged from the Army and enrolled at the University of Maryland. He considered Indiana to be a far superior football program and called Maryland a "cow school," but it

masks:
Lucien Anthony "
Lu
Gambino
Gambino
Gambino
Gambino
Gambino
Gambino
Gambino


texts: was located relatively close to his mother, who was widowed and living alone in Baltimore.During the 1946 season, <mask> saw limited playing time for a mediocre Terrapins football team directed by head coach Clark Shaughnessy. The following year, head coach Jim Tatum was hired, and he engineered a reversal of the team's fortunes. Tatum took the mentorship of <mask> as a personal project and aimed to develop him into the team's featured back. As a senior in 1947, <mask> set the NCAA season scoring high with 16 touchdowns for 96 points. In the fifth meeting against rival West Virginia, <mask> scored three touchdowns to help Maryland take away its first victory of the series, 27–0. He also scored three touchdowns against Delaware and Duquesne, and two against Vanderbilt where he also passed for a third. During the season, <mask> rushed for a total of 904 yards on 125 attempts, and as of 2009, he was Maryland's third-leading rusher in terms of single-season yards per carry (7.23).He was also Maryland's season kickoff return leader, and returned seven kicks for 174 yards, an average of 24.85 yards. Maryland finished the regular season 7–2–1 and secured the school's first-ever bowl game appearance. In the 1948 Gator Bowl against Georgia, he was honored as the Most Valuable Player. During the 20–20 tie, <mask> rushed to score all three of the Terrapins' touchdowns on one-, 24-, and 35-yard runs. He compiled 165 rushing yards, a school bowl rushing record that stood for 60 years until finally broken by Da'Rel Scott in the 2008 Humanitarian Bowl. In 1992, for his achievement as the bowl game's "first superb running back",

masks: Gambino Gambino Gambino Gambino Gambino Gambino


texts:
 <mask> was inducted into the Gator Bowl Hall of Fame. At season's end, he was named a first-team All-Southern Conference player, an All-America Catholic player, and an Associated Press honorable mention All-American.The Touchdown Club awarded <mask> the Arch McDonald Trophy as the best player in the Washington, D.C. area. Prior to the start of the 1948 season, the Southern Conference ruled that his college eligibility was exhausted and that he would be unable to play another year of college football. <mask> called the decision "crooked" and asserted that the standing rules did not count returning veterans' pre-war playing career against their eligibility. Geary Eppley, a Maryland athletics official and member of the Southern Conference executive committee, filed a request for a special session to consider a rule change, but it failed to garner support from the two-thirds of the member schools required to call such a meeting. Professional career
As the issue of his college eligibility was playing out, <mask> was being courted by several professional football teams. The Chicago Bears of the NFL, which had drafted him during the war, still had a strong interest in him, as did the Baltimore Colts of the All-America Football Conference (AAFC). Baltimore eventually acquired <mask>, and to do so, they traded their first-round 1948 draft selection to the Cleveland Browns, who selected <mask> in the twenty second round of the 1948 AAFC Draft.He played two seasons for the Colts from 1948 to 1949. During his first year, he saw action in nine games including one as a starter. On 54 carries, he rushed for a total of 194 yards


texts:
 and a touchdown. <mask> also recorded six receptions for 28 yards and made three kickoff returns for 57 yards. The following season, he played in ten games and started in six. He made 56 carries for 208 yards and ten receptions for 67 yards and a touchdown. At the time, <mask> was one of four Colts players who were bald.The Baltimore Sun published an article that explored the unusual occurrence and concluded that it had "nothing to do with wearing a helmet." In When the Colts Belonged to Baltimore, author William Gildea described <mask>: "In street clothes he looked like Robert Mitchum—wide-brimmed hat, long overcoat, baggy but creased trousers, a cigarette between his fingers, a craggy smile. Yesteryear's running back." Baltimore released him during the summer of 1950. In the winter, <mask> had knee surgery to correct a bone spur. He was then picked up by the New York Giants and placed on the reserve list in July 1951. His professional playing career, however, was ultimately cut short by his knee.<mask> married Vivian née Senese and lived in North Riverside, Illinois. He died of heart disease on July 16, 2003 at Loyola University Medical Center in Maywood, Illinois. <mask> was 79 years old. See also
 List of NCAA major college football yearly scoring leaders

References

Maryland Terrapins football players
Indiana Hoosiers football players
American football fullbacks
American football halfbacks
Baltimore Colts (1947–1950) players
People from Berwyn, Illinois
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
Players of American football from Illinois
1923 births
2003 deaths
United States Army Air Forces


texts:
Antonio Hardy (born September 10, 1968), better known by his stage name <mask>, is an American rapper who began his career in 1986 as a member of the Juice Crew. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential and skilled MCs in hip hop. Rolling Stone ranked his song "Ain't No Half-Steppin'" number 25 on its list of The 50 Greatest Hip-Hop Songs of All Time, calling him "a master wordsmith of rap's late-golden age and a huge influence on a generation of MCs". Biography

1980s
In 1984, <mask> became friends with Biz Markie, and he would co-write some of Biz's best-known lyrics. Both eventually became important members of the Queens-based Juice Crew, a collective headed by renowned producer Marley Marl. <mask> signed with Tyrone Williams's (Marl's manager) and Len Fichtelberg's Cold Chillin' Records label in 1987 and debuted the same year with the 12" single "Raw", which was an underground hit. The name <mask> came from a variation on Caine, David Carradine's character from the TV show Kung Fu (1972-1975), and a character called "<mask>" whom Vincent Price played in the film Beach Party (1963).<mask> is known for his ability to syncopate over faster hip hop beats, and despite his asthmatic condition, he is acknowledged as one of the pioneering masters of fast rhyming. His sense of style is renowned and set a number of late-1980s and early-1990s hip hop trends (high-top fades hairstyles, velour suits, and four-finger rings). The backronym "King Asiatic Nobody's Equal" is often applied to his moniker. He released his debut album on Cold Chillin' Records in the early summer of 1988 called Long Live the Kane, which featured the hit "Ain't No Half Steppin'". The following year, <mask> released his second album and biggest hit to date, It's a Big Daddy Thing, which included 1970s

masks:
Big Daddy Kane
Kane
Kane
Big Daddy Kane
Big Daddy
Kane
Kane


texts:
 sample throwbacks like "Smooth Operator" and the Teddy Riley-produced track "I Get the Job Done", which hit the R&B top 40 during the closing of the 1980s. He also had a memorable verse on the Marley Marl-produced track "The Symphony" released in late 1988, which included Juice Crew members Craig G, Masta Ace, and Kool G Rap. 1990s

<mask> <mask> appeared on Patti LaBelle's 1991 effort, "Burnin.He provided the rap chorus to the single "Feels Like Another One". He also appeared on the video release "Live in New York". He contributed the song "'Nuff Respect" to the soundtrack of Ernest Dickerson's feature film debut Juice, which starred Omar Epps and Tupac Shakur, further demonstrating his fast lyrical delivery. In 1991, <mask> won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group for his performance on the Quincy Jones collaborative track "Back on the Block" from the album of the same name. Widely regarded as one of the greatest rappers during the "golden age" of hip hop (1986–1997), <mask>'s experimentation with R&B beats and his alignment to the Five Percent Nation drew criticism. Later albums, such as Looks Like a Job For…, were acclaimed, but he was never able to return to the commercial and artistic success of It's a Big Daddy Thing. However, he still tours extensively.As an actor, he debuted in Mario Van Peebles' 1993 western Posse, and appeared in Robert Townsend's 1993 film The Meteor Man. He also posed for Playgirl and Madonna's book Sex during the 1990s. During the early 1990s, Jay-Z toured with <mask>, and <mask> helped him early on in his career. Ice-T says: "I actually met Jay-Z with <mask>. <mask> brought Jay-Z over to my house." <mask> himself says that Jay-Z was not technically his hypeman in the true sense of the term: "he wasn't a hypeman, he

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 basically made cameo appearances on stage. When I would leave the stage to go change outfits, I would bring out Jay-Z and Positive K and let them freestyle until I came back to the stage."Jay-Z was also featured on <mask> <mask>'s track "Show & Prove" from Daddy's Home (1994), as well as in the video. In 1995, <mask> recorded with MC Hammer and Tupac Shakur on the rap song "Too Late Playa" (along with Danny Boy). He was also mentioned to signing with Death Row East in 1996. In 1997, <mask> teamed up with Frankie Cutlass on his third single title "The Cypher Part 3" and some of Marley Marl Juice Crew veterans. In 1998, he released his final solo album, Veteranz' Day. It received mixed reviews and did not sell well. However, <mask> did not give up rapping and made many appearances in the 2000s.2000s
In 2000, <mask> <mask> appeared on Tony Touch's "The Piece Maker" mixtape alongside Kool G Rap and KRS-One. A rejuvenated <mask> occasionally collaborated with a variety of hip-hop artists, including A Tribe Called Quest, Jurassic 5, Little Brother, and DJ Babu of the Beat Junkies. He released two singles, the Alchemist-produced "The Man, The Icon", and the DJ Premier-produced "Any Type of Way" (on which he discusses urban collapse in post-9/11 New York City ("Giuliani got New York lookin' like it's Amistad")) and the erosion of the middle class. <mask> <mask> appeared on the trip hop group Morcheeba's 2003 single "What's Your Name". In 2005, <mask> <mask> was honored during the VH1 Hip-Hop Honors. After a medley of hits performed by T.I., Black Thought, and Common, he came out to perform "Warm It Up, <mask>" with his old dancers, Scoob and Scrap. <mask> and Kool G Rap can both be seen briefly in Dave Chappelle's Block Party.In 2006, he appeared as a guest MC on the track "Get Wild

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texts:
 Off This", produced by the Stanton Warriors for their Stanton Sessions Vol. 2 breaks mix. He also appeared alongside the Wu-Tang Clan, Rakim, and his longtime friends Busta Rhymes and Q-Tip in a segment of the 2006 Summer Jam concert (June 7, 2006), as part of an initiative by Busta Rhymes to honor the legacy of New York City hip-hop. In 2007, a new track, "BK Mentality", was released on the mixtape compilation Official Joints. <mask> also appeared on Joell Ortiz's The Brick: Bodega Chronicles mixtape. <mask> <mask> made a cameo in the 2008 video for "Game's Pain", a track by rapper The Game. The video also featured appearances by Raekwon, Three 6 Mafia and Ice Cube.The Game also referenced Jay-Z's former occupation as <mask>'s hypeman: "Ask a Jay-Z fan about <mask> <mask>: Don't know him, Game gon' show 'em". He also appeared on the remix of "Don't Touch Me" by Busta Rhymes. Also in 2009, <mask> played the role of Clay in the film Just Another Day. The film is the tale of two rappers, one poor and young, one older and successful. The movie follows them through a day of their lives. 2010s
<mask> <mask> appears on one track on MA Doom: Son of Yvonne—the collaboration between MF Doom and former Juice Crew member Masta Ace. As of 2013, <mask> was recruited by New York City power group Lifted Crew and R&B singer Showtyme to form a band called "Las Supper".The project is said to have a classic hip hop and R&B vibe to it. The album, Back to the Future, was released on March 26, 2013. On November 24, 2014, <mask> <mask> discussed his upbringing, childhood influences, relationships, sexual experiences and Madonna's 1992 book Sex in an interview on the Dr. Zoe Today show. In 2016, he was featured on Tito Jackson's single "Get It Baby" in addition to appearing in the documentary

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 Hip-Hop Evolution. 2020s
In June 2020, <mask> released the single "Enough", aimed at addressing issues surrounding police brutality. Legacy
<mask> <mask> is regarded as one of the most influential and skilled golden age rappers. MTV put him at No.7 in their "Greatest MCs of All Time" list. He is placed at No. 4 in Kool Moe Dee's book There's a God on the Mic: The True 50 Greatest MCs. About.com ranked him No. 3 on its list of the "Top 50 MCs of Our Time", and RZA listed him as one of his "Top 5 best MCs". In 2012, The Source ranked him No. 8 on their list of the "Top 50 Lyricists of All Time".AllMusic says "his best material ranks among the finest hip-hop of its era, and his sex-drenched persona was enormously influential on countless future would-be players", and describes him as "an enormously talented battle MC", "one of rap's major talents", refers to his "near-peerless technique" and "first-rate technique and rhyming skills", and says he "had the sheer verbal facility and razor-clean dexterity to ambush any MC and exhilarate anyone who witnessed or heard him perform". Kool Moe Dee describes him as "one of the most imitated emcees ever in the game" and "one of the true greatest emcees ever". Ice-T stated:
"To me, <mask> <mask> is still today one of the best rappers. I would put <mask> <mask> against any rapper in a battle. Jay-Z, Nas, Eminem, any of them. I could take his 'Raw' "swagger" from 88 and put it up against any record [from today]. <mask> is one of the most incredible lyricists… and he will devour you on the mic.I don't want to try to out-rap <mask> <mask>. <mask> <mask> can rap circles around cats." His first two albums are also considered hip hop classics and Rolling Stone says, "he has received consistent critical kudos". In the book Rap-Up: The Ultimate

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 Guide to Hip-Hop and R&B, Cameron and Devin Lazerine say <mask> <mask> is "widely seen as one of the best lyricists of his time and even today regularly gets name-checked by younger dudes", and music journalist Peter Shapiro says <mask> is "perhaps the most complete MC ever". Eminem references <mask> <mask> in the lyrics to his song "Yellow Brick Road" from his album Encore, saying, "we (Eminem and Proof) was on the same shit, that <mask> Daddy <mask> shit, where compound syllables sound combined", and he quotes the same lines in his book The Way I Am—this illustrates how <mask> <mask> had an influence on both Eminem's and Proof's rhyme technique. Discography

Studio albums
Long Live the Kane (1988)
It's a Big Daddy Thing (1989)
Taste of Chocolate (1990)
Prince of Darkness (1991)
Looks Like a Job For... (1993)
Daddy's Home (1994)
Veteranz' Day (1998)

Collaboration albums
Back to the Future with The Las Supper (2013)

Filmography
 1993 Posse as "Father Time"
 1993 The Meteor Man as "Pirate"
 2005 Dave Chappelle's Block Party as Himself. 2007 Dead Heist  Hunter
 2008 Love for Sale
 2009 Just Another Day as Clay
 2016 Exposed as Jonathan "Black" Jones
 2018 Law and Order: Special Victims Unit as Ray Wallis / "Four Stroke"

References

External links

1968 births
Living people
African-American male actors
African-American record producers
Grammy Award winners for rap music
American hip hop record producers
Cold Chillin' Records artists
MCA Records artists
People from Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn
Rappers from Brooklyn
Five percenters
East Coast hip hop musicians
African-American male rappers
21st-century American rappers
Record producers from New York (state)
21st-century American male musicians
21st-century African-American musicians
20th-century African-American

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<mask> is an American author and psychologist known for her research on dreams, hypnosis and imagery, and has written on evolutionary psychology. <mask> is a teacher at Harvard Medical School,  and a past president of the International Association for the Study of Dreams and of the American Psychological Association’s Div. 30, the Society for Psychological Hypnosis. She is editor-in-chief of the journal Dreaming: The Journal of the Association for the Study of Dreams and a consulting editor for Imagination, Cognition, and Personality and The International Journal for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. She has written five books for the general public: Pandemic Dreams (2020), The Pregnant Man and Other Cases From a Hypnotherapist's Couch (1998), The Committee of Sleep (2001), Waistland (2007), and Supernormal Stimuli (2010). She is the editor of four academic books: Trauma and Dreams (1996), The New Science of Dreaming (2007), Hypnosis and Hypnotherapy (2010), and The Encyclopedia of Sleep and Dreams (2012). Research
<mask> is best known for her work on dreams and their contributions to creativity and objective problem solving.She interviewed modern artists and scientists about their use of their dreams, documenting dramatic anecdotes including Nobel Prizes and MacArthur Foundation 'genius grants' whose ideas originated in dreams. She also conducted research asking college students to incubate answers to real-life homework and other objective problems on which they were working, finding that in one week’s time, half had dreamed about their topic and half of those had a dream which provided an answer. <mask> describes dreaming as simply “thinking in different biochemical state” and believes we continue to work on all the same problems—personal and objective—in that state. Her research concludes that while anything—math, musical composition, business dilemmas—may get solved during dreaming, the two areas dreams are especially likely to help are 1) anything where vivid

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texts: visualization contributes to the solution, whether in artistic design or invention of 3-D technological devices and 2) any problem where the solution lies in thinking outside the box—i.e. where the person is stuck because the conventional wisdom on how to approach the problem is wrong. <mask> has also conducted research on lucid dreams and on helping people suffering from PTSD to incubate mastery dreams to change their nightmares, and published studies tracking the progression of dreams during bereavement. She has studied characteristics of dreams in various disorders including depression and dissociative disorders.During the summer 2010 publicity about the dream-themed film Inception, <mask> was interviewed by media including ABC, NBC Today, CNN, The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, and USA Today, pointing out that some aspects of the film, like lucid dreaming, control of one’s own dreams, and dreams-within-dreams were highly realistic while the control of others’ dreams, time slowing in dreams, and absolute impossibility of dreaming that you die were all fictional premises in the service of the thriller plot. <mask>’s studies of hypnosis have focused on different types of high hypnotizables, finding two subgroups which she terms fantasizers and dissociaters. Fantasizers are people who have vivid imaginations, find it easy to block out real-world stimuli, spend much time daydreaming, report imaginary companions as a child and grew up with parents who encouraged imaginary play. Dissociaters usually had a history of childhood abuse or other significant trauma, had learned to escape into numbness, and to forget unpleasant events. Their association to “daydreaming” was often going blank rather than vividly recalled fantasies. Both score equally high on formal scales of hypnotic susceptibility. Other research by <mask> focused on the similarities and differences of daydreams and nocturnal dreaming and on the significance of earliest memories as reflecting a

masks: Barrett Barrett Barrett Barrett


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 microcosm of an individual’s worldview.<mask> is interested in film and has written on techniques which films use to represent dreams and on the negative stereotypes of hypnosis in film. Most recently <mask> has written on evolutionary psychology, especially the concept of supernormal stimuli—the idea that technology can create an artificial object which pulls an instinct more strongly than that for which it evolved. The phrase "supernormal stimuli" was coined by the Dutch scientist Niko Tinbergen in the 1930s. <mask>'s book Waistland (2007)  explores the weight and fitness crisis in terms of supernormal stimuli for food and rest. Her latest book, "Supernormal Stimuli: How Primal Urges Overran Their Evolutionary Purpose" (2010)  examines the impact of supernormal stimuli on the diversion of impulses for nurturing, sexuality, romance, territoriality, war, and the entertainment industry’s hijacking of our social instincts. Selected publications

Books

The Pregnant Man: and Other Cases from a Hypnotherapist's Couch (Times Books, 1998)
Trauma and Dreams (Harvard University Press, 2001)
Waistland: The (R)Evolutionary Science Behind Our Weight and Fitness Crisis (Norton, 2007)
The New Science of Dreaming [3 volumes] (Praeger, 2007)
Hypnosis and Hypnotherapy [2 volumes] (Praeger, 2009)
The Committee of Sleep: How Artists, Scientists, and Athletes Use Their Dreams for Creative Problem Solving - and How You Can Too (Random House 2001; Oneiroi Press, 2010)
Supernormal Stimuli: How Primal Urges Overran Their Evolutionary Purpose (Norton, 2010)
Encyclopedia of Sleep and Dreams: The Evolution, Function, Nature, and Mysteries of Slumber [2 volumes] (Greenwood, 2012)

References

External links

   Deirdre <mask>'s website

American women psychologists
American psychologists
American women non-fiction writers
Harvard Medical School faculty
Hypnotherapists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Academic journal editors
American women academics
21st-century


texts: <mask> the Boneless ( ; born in 800s–c. 873), also known as <mask>, was a semi-legendary Viking leader who invaded England and Ireland. According to the Tale of Ragnar Lodbrok, he was the son of Ragnar Loðbrok and his wife Aslaug. His brothers included Björn Ironside, Halfdan Ragnarsson, Hvitserk, Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye and Ubba. <mask> is probably the same person as Ímar. The origin of the nickname is not certain. "Ívarr beinlausi" could be translated to "Ivar legless", but "beinlausi" could also be translated as "boneless", since "bone" and "leg" translates to the same word, "bein", in Old Norse.Several of the sagas describe him as lacking legs/bones, while a passage in Ragnarssona þáttr (also known as the tale of Ragnar's sons) suggest it refers to male impotence. According to the Tale of Ragnar Lodbrok, <mask>'s bonelessness was the result of a curse. His mother, Aslaug, was Ragnar's third wife. She was described as a völva, a type of seer or clairvoyant. She said that she and her husband must wait three nights before consummating their marriage after his return following a long separation (while he was in England raiding). However, Ragnar was overcome with lust after such a long separation and did not heed her words. As a result, <mask> was born with weak bones.Another hypothesis is that he was actually known as "the Hated", which in Latin would be Exosus. A medieval scribe with only a basic knowledge of Latin could easily have interpreted it as ex (without) os (bone), thus "the Boneless", although it is hard to align this theory with the direct translation of his name given in Norse sources. While the sagas describe <mask>'s physical disability, they also emphasise his wisdom, cunning, and mastery of strategy and tactics in battle. He is often considered identical to Ímar, the founder of the Uí Ímair dynasty, which at various

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 times, from the mid-ninth to the tenth century, ruled Northumbria from the city of York, and dominated the Irish Sea region as the Kingdom of Dublin. Chronology

 865 the Great Heathen Army, led by <mask>, invaded the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. The Heptarchy was the collective name for the seven kingdoms East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Mercia, Northumbria, Sussex and Wessex. The invasion was organised by the sons of Ragnar Lodbrok, to wreak revenge against Ælla of Northumbria who had supposedly executed Ragnar in 865 by throwing him in a snake pit, but the historicity of this explanation is unknown.According to the saga, <mask> did not overcome Ælla and sought reconciliation. He asked for only as much land as he could cover with an ox's hide and swore never to wage war against Ælla. Then <mask> cut the ox's hide into such fine strands that he could envelop a large fortress (in an older saga it was York and according to a younger saga it was London), which he could take as his own (compare the similar legendary ploy of Dido). Late the next year, the army turned north and invaded Northumbria, eventually capturing Ælla at York in 867. According to legend, Ælla was executed by <mask> and his brothers using the blood eagle, a ritual method of execution of debated historicity whereby the ribcage is opened from behind and the lungs are pulled out, forming a wing-like shape. Later in the year, the Army moved south and invaded the kingdom of Mercia, capturing the town of Nottingham, where they spent the winter. King Burgred of Mercia responded by allying with the West Saxon king Æthelred of Wessex, and with a combined force they laid siege to the town.The Anglo-Saxons were unable to recapture the city, but a truce was agreed whereby the Danes would withdraw to York. The Great Heathen Army remained in York for over a year, gathering its strength for

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 further assaults. <mask> and Ubba are identified as the commanders of the Danes when they returned to East Anglia in 869, and as the executioners of the East Anglian king, Edmund the Martyr, for refusing their demand that he renounce Christ. The precise account of Edmund's death is unknown, however it has been suggested that his capture and execution at the hands of the sons of Ragnar is likely to have occurred. Death
The Anglo-Saxon chronicler Æthelweard records his death as 870. The Annals of Ulster describe the death of Ívar in 873. The death of Ívar is also recorded in the Fragmentary Annals of Ireland under the year 873.The identification of the king of Laithlind as Gothfraid (i.e., Ímar's father) was added by a copyist in the 17th century. In the original 11th-century manuscript, the subject of the entry was simply called righ Lochlann ("the king of Lochlainn"), which more than likely referred to Ímar, whose death is not otherwise noted in the Fragmentary Annals. The cause of death—a sudden and horrible disease—is not mentioned in any other source, but it raises the possibility that the true origin of <mask>'s Old Norse nickname lay in the crippling effects of an unidentified disease that struck him down at the end of his life. In 1686, a farm labourer named Thomas Walker discovered a Scandinavian burial mound at Repton in Derbyshire close to a battle site where the Great Heathen Army overthrew the Mercian King Burgred of his kingdom. The number of partial skeletons surrounding the body—over 250—signified that the man buried there was of very high status. It has been suggested that such a burial mound is possibly the last resting place of <mask>. According to the saga, Ivar ordered that he be buried in a place that was exposed to attack, and prophesied that, if that was done, foes coming to the land would be met with

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 ill-success.This prophecy held true, says the saga, until "when Vilhjalm bastard (William I of England) came ashore[,] he went [to the burial site] and broke <mask>'s mound and saw that [<mask>'s] body had not decayed. Then Vilhjalm had a large pyre made upon which <mask>'s body was] burned... Thereupon, [Vilhjalm proceeded with the landing invasion and achieved] the victory." Fictional portrayals
 <mask> the Boneless is a minor character in the 1969 film Alfred the Great, portrayed as an acrobatic and agile warrior. In the 2013 film Hammer of the Gods, <mask> the Boneless is portrayed as a reclusive, homosexual viking. (The character was played by Ivan Kaye, who later portrayed King Aelle in the History Channel's TV series Vikings.) In the History Channel's 2013 TV series Vikings, <mask> is portrayed as the son of Ragnar and Aslaug and a younger half-brother to Björn Ironside. He first appeared in Season Two as a baby, and later was played by James Quinn Markey and Alex Høgh Andersen.<mask>'s invasion of East Anglia and killing of Edmund the Martyr are depicted in the video for The Darkness's song Barbarian. <mask> is a significant character, alongside his brother Ubba in Bernard Cornwell's Saxon Stories novel series, including the first The Last Kingdom (2004). Throughout the subsequent television adaptation by the same name, however, <mask> remains an unseen character. <mask> the Boneless and his brothers Ubba and Halfdan, all appear in the video game, Assassin's Creed: Valhalla as allies of the main protagonist, Eivor. Here he is portrayed as extremely aggressive and callous, causing friction with the other characters. <mask> is voiced by Canadian actor, Eric Johnson. References

873 deaths
Monarchs of Jorvik
Northumbrian monarchs
9th-century English monarchs
Monarchs of Dublin
Uí Ímair
Viking rulers
House of Munsö
Year of birth

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texts:
<mask> (born 10 January 1985) is an Indian model, actress, and dancer who works in the  Hindi television industry. Dhami is recognised for her roles in the shows Geet – Hui Sabse Parayi, Madhubala – Ek Ishq Ek Junoon, Ek Tha Raja Ek Thi Rani, Pardes Mein Hai Mera Dil and Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka. In 2013, Dhami participated in Colors TV's Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 6 along with choreographer Salman Yusuff Khan and became the winner. Early life

Dhami was born on 10 January 1985 into a Gujarati family in Mumbai, where she studied. She attended Mary Immaculate Girl's High School and also went to Mumbai's Mithibai College from where she has a degree in sociology. Before entering into modelling, Dhami was a dance instructor Dhami belongs to a conservative family. According to her interview in The Times of India, she said:

Career

2007–2011: Start of her career and debut show

Dhami started her career with modelling for print and television advertisements before debuting in the entertainment industry with her appearance in the music video for "Saiyyan Dil Mein Aana Re" followed by "Humko Aaj Kal Hai", "Teri Meri Nazar Ki Dori" and a Punjabi music video "Nachle Soniyo Tu" and worked in advertisements like Colgate with Saif Ali Khan, Lion Honey, Pulimoottil Silks, Vasan Eye care, RKS Grand (Shopping Mall), Amul, VIP Bags, Chevrolet, Reliance mobile and jewellery.<mask> made her acting debut on television with Star One's Dill Mill Gayye, where she portrayed Dr. Muskaan form 2007 until 2009. In 2008, she participated in 9X's relaity show, Kaun Jeetega Bollywood Ka Ticket by Ekta Kapoor as a contestant. In 2010, she appeared as the female lead in Star One's Geet – Hui Sabse Parayi

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 opposite Gurmeet Choudhary. Dhami got recognition with her portrayal of the character Geet with thiss role. The show had a successful run for two years until it ended in December 2011 after the closure of the channel. Dhami made an appearance on Imagine TV's reality show Big Money: Chota Parda Bada Game in 2010. She later in the same year was a part of another reality show, Nachle Ve with Saroj Khan.2012–present: Madhubala and Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 6

In May 2012, <mask> made a brief appearance through her dance performance for the show Na Bole Tum Na Maine Kuch Kaha. Later, Dhami played the lead role in the Colors TV show Madhubala – Ek Ishq Ek Junoon opposite to Vivian Dsena from 2012 to 2014. In 2013, Dhami participated in Colors TV's dance reality show, Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 6. She emerged as the winner alongside choreographer Salman Yusuff Khan. In June 2014, Dhami presented Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 7 however within a month she got replaced by Manish Paul. In December 2014, Dhami participated in Sony TV's Box Cricket League playing for Karan Tacker's team Mumbai Wariors. In 2015, Dhami played the roles of Rani Gayatri and Savitri in Zee TV's Ek Tha Raja Ek Thi Rani opposite Siddhant Karnick.While playing the role of Gayatri, <mask> said:

 She left the show in May 2016. The show ended in 2017. In the same year, joined for a web series called I Don't Watch TV along with Karan Patel, Nakuul Mehta, Karan Wahi, Disha Parmar, Sanaya Irani, Kritika Kamra and many other tv celebrities. In November 2016, <mask>, joined Star Plus's Pardes Mein Hai Mera Dil, by Ekta Kapoor's Balaji Telefilms opposite Arjun Bijlani. The show went off air in June 2017. In December 2016, Dhami appeared in

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 a short film The Change. During an interview, Dhami said that she will not going to do kissing and bold scenes on screen, when asked the reason she told that this is her personal choice as she is not comfortable with it.Much of her work in television serials has been in romance-themed shows. From June to October 2018, she played Nandini, a victim of domestic violence who falls in love with the husband of her best friend in Colors TV's Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka, along with Shakti Arora and Abhinav Shukla. A critic from India Today praised her, saying that she is equally good as the television actress Sriti Jha who also portrayed a victim of domestic violence. In Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka and Geet Huye Sab Se Parai, Dhami portrayed two times on screen wife of Abhinav Shukla. She left the show in November 2018. She was massively trolled on social media for her intimate scenes with Shakti Arora in Silsila Badalte Rishton Ka. Other appearances
In 2011, Dhami (along with her Geet co-actor, Gurmeet Choudhary) made a guest dance performance on Rubina Dilaik & Avinash Sachdev's Chhoti Bahu - Sawar Ke Rang Rachi for a special Holi episode.Later in July 2011, she made an dance performance on Sajan Re Jhoot Mat Bolo and later in December 2011, Dhami then made an appearance on Pyaar Kii Ye Ek Kahaani and danced along with Gurmeet Chowdary on the last episode which aired Abhay & Pia's wedding. In July 2012, Dhami made a guest appearance on Colors TV's Na Bole Tum Na Maine Kuch Kaha to promote her show Madhubala. In March 2013, she made an guest appearance on Nach Baliye 5 to support her brother Jaisheel <mask> & her sister in law Suhasi Dhami who were contestants on the show. In


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 June 2014, Dhami was seen on Colors TV's Mission Sapne and later made another appearance in Comedy Nights with Kapil. In September 2015, she was seen as a guest contestant on the eighth season of Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa to support Sanaya Irani. Other work
Dhami was the brand ambassador for Canvironment Week 2011 and 2013 to support the cause of 'Save Our Planet'. In 2016, she was part of the Swachh Survekshan 2017 Initiative for an environmentally cleaner India (Swachh Bharat Abhiyan).Dhami was also the captain for Team 'D' Celebrity Championship 2016, where six teams comprising 78 television personalities competed to help kids in need of education and food. She won, and received an award from 'I HELP A KID.COM' Celebrity Championship. In 2017, Dhami became the brand ambassador of Bajaj Brahmi Amla Ayurvedic Hair oil. Films and advertisements

Personal life
On 21 February 2015, Dhami married businessman Neeraj Khemka in a traditional Hindu ceremony. Suhasi <mask>, also an actress, is married to her elder brother Jaisheel <mask>. Dhami said that her in-laws are very supportive when it comes to her work. In the media

Bombay Times called her 'Numero Uno' actress on television.<mask> is also known for her style and fashion sense. <mask> is among the highest earning television actresses in India. In 2011, she was voted the most desirable woman on television in polls conducted by TellyChakkar.com. She is the brand ambassador of MATRIX India's hair colour brand, SoColor. Dhami was included in second place on "Television's Top 10 Actresses" list by Rediff. Dhami also included in the top nine list of Indian television most stylish on-screen actress by Rediff. The UK-based

masks: Dhami Dhami Dhami Dhami


texts:
 newspaper Eastern Eye placed her in their "50 Sexiest Asian Women" list.In 2012, Eastern Eye placed her at twelfth position. Thereafter she remained in the top three spots for three consecutive years, listed at the third spot in 2013, the second spot in 2014, the third spot in 2015, the fourth spot in 2016, sixth spot in 2017, and twelfth spot in 2018. Dhami included in list of FHM India 100 Sexiest women of 2014 at 10th place. In 2016, Dhami was nominated in "Sexiest Woman" list by FHM India. Dhami was listed eight among the "35 Hottest Actresses in Indian Television" by MensXP.com, an Indian lifestyle website for men. She was ranked in 38th position in The Times of India's 2014 list of "50 Most Desirable Women". According to the survey in India in 2017, Dhami was voted as desirable woman opposite to Hrithik Roshan in the list.<mask> received an offer to participate in Bigg Boss but she rejected it. During her dance performance on Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 6, film maker Karan Johar compared Dhami to film actress Zeenat Aman. Filmmaker Karan Johar complimented Dhami by saying that she is better than Kareena Kapoor when she performed in the song "Halkat Jawani" from the film Heroine on Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 6. She is also known as Madhubala from her serial Madhubala – Ek Ishq Ek Junoon and as Maaneet due to her chemistry with Gurmeet Choudhary. Filmography

Films

Television

Web

Music videos

Awards and nominations

See also
List of Hindi television actresses
List of Indian television actresses

References

External links

Living people
Indian television actresses
Actresses in Hindi television
Place of birth missing (living people)
Indian soap opera actresses
1985


texts:
<mask> (April 8, 1909 – November 4, 1964) was an American outsider artist, originally from South Carolina but based in Washington, D.C. for most of his life. <mask> worked as a janitor and secretly built a large assemblage of religious art from scavenged materials, known as the Throne of the Third Heaven of the Nations' Millennium General Assembly. Often abbreviated to simply the Throne, it is currently on display at the Smithsonian American Art Museum in Washington. Art critic Robert Hughes of Time magazine wrote that the Throne "may well be the finest work of visionary religious art produced by an American." Early life
<mask> was born in 1909 in Elloree, South Carolina as one of four children to <mask>. and Sarah (Johnson<mask>. His father, who had abandoned the family, was a gospel singer and a traveling Baptist preacher who was also a known criminal who had worked on chain gangs. In 1928, <mask> moved to Washington, D.C. and shared an apartment with his older brother Lee.<mask> worked as a short-order cook until 1943 when he was drafted into the United States Army Air Forces. He served with the 385th Aviation Squadron in Texas, Hawaii and in the jungles of Saipan and Guam. The segregated unit was noncombatant and duties included carpentry and maintenance of airstrips. <mask> built a small, shrine-like object during his time in Guam that he later incorporated into his larger artwork. He was awarded the Bronze Star and was honorably discharged in 1945, after which he returned to Washington. In 1946, <mask> was hired by the General Services Administration as a janitor and worked there until his death. Throne of the Third Heaven of the Nations' Millennium General Assembly

In 1950, <mask> rented a garage on 7th street in northwest Washington.Over the next 14 years, <mask> built a complex work of religious art inside the garage with various scavenged materials such as aluminum and gold foil, old furniture, pieces of cardboard, light

masks:
James Hampton
Hampton
James Hampton
James Sr
) Hampton
Hampton
Hampton
Hampton
Hampton
Hampton
Hampton


texts: bulbs, jelly jars, shards of mirror and desk blotters held together with tacks, glue, pins and tape. The complete work consists of 180 objects, many of them inscribed with quotes from the Book of Revelation. The centerpiece of the exhibit is a throne, seven feet tall, built on the foundation of an old maroon-cushioned armchair with the words "Fear Not" at its crest. The throne is flanked by dozens of altars, crowns, lecterns, tablets and winged pulpits. Wall plaques on the left bear the name of apostles and those on the right list various biblical patriarchs and prophets such as Abraham and Ezekiel. The text The Throne of the Third Heaven of the Nations' Millennium General Assembly was written on the objects in <mask>'s handwriting. <mask> described his work as a monument to Jesus in Washington.It was made based on several religious visions that prompted him to prepare for Christ's return to earth. <mask> wrote that God visited him often, that Moses appeared to him in 1931, the Virgin Mary in 1946, and Adam on the day of President Truman's inauguration in 1949. The term "third heaven" is based on scriptures that refer to it as the "heaven of heavens" or God's realm. The work is based on biblical prophecies of the millennium, including St. John's vision of God seated on a silver and gold throne surrounded by angels, references to Judgment Day, the crowns to be worn by the saved and other events described in Revelation. The work also has an affiliation with African-American yard shows as well as altars used in African-derived New World religions such as Vodou, Santería and Candomblé. Art critic Robert Farris Thompson describes the Throne as "a unique fusion of biblical and Afro-American traditional imagery." The work is associated with the American Millenarian and Dispensationalist movements of the 19th and 20th centuries.These movements divided the history of God's interactions with humanity into seven phases or dispensations, the last

masks: Hampton Hampton Hampton