texts:
 prevailed for most of the rest of the Goryeo period, and sent learned men to each of the mok to oversee local education, as a means of integrating the country aristocracy into the new bureaucratic system. Talented sons of the country aristocrats were educated so that they could pass the civil service examinations and be appointed to official government posts in the capital. In September, 995 (the 14th year of <mask>‘s reign), the nation was divided into ten provinces for the first time. The First Goryeo-Khitan War

In late August 993, Goryeo intelligence sources along the frontier learned of an impending Khitan invasion.<mask> quickly mobilized the military and divided his forces into three army groups to take up defensive positions in the northwest. Advanced units of the Goryeo army marched northwestward from their headquarters near modern Anju on the south bank of the Cheongcheon River. The seriousness of the situation compelled <mask> to travel from the capital to Pyongyang to personally direct operations. That October, a massive Khitan army said to number nearly 800,000 men (in fact 60,000 men) under the command of General Xiao Sunning swarmed out of Liao from the Naewon-song Fortress and surged across the Yalu River into Goryeo. Waves of Khitan warriors swept across the river and fanned out over the countryside. In bloody back-and-forth warfare, the fierce resistance of Goryeo soldiers at first

masks: Seongjong Seongjong Seongjong


type: original

texts: slowed, then considerably hampered the Khitan advance at the city of Pongsan-gun. But Goryeo's army never surrendered.It stood firm against frontal attacks, broke to retreat and lay ambushes, and launched flanking attacks against the Khitan. Goryeo warriors finally halted Xiao Sunning's army at the Cheongcheon River. In the face of such quick and determined resistance, the Khitan decided that further attempts to conquer the entire peninsula would be far too costly, and sought instead to negotiate a settlement with Goryeo. Without a hint of contrition or humility, the Khitan General Xiao Sunning demanded the surrender of the former territory of Balhae to Emperor Shengzong. He asked that Goryeo sever its relations with Song dynasty and, in the boldest demand of all, that <mask> accept vassal status under the Liao emperor and pay a set annual tribute to the Liao state. Instead of and rejecting General Xiao's demands outright, the royal court at Kaesong began a heated debate about the Khitan ultimatum. Government officials believed that acceding to General Xiao would prevent further Khitan incursions and urged the court to appease the Liao emperor.Many of the senior military commanders who had recently faced the Khitan army on the battlefield opposed accepting General Xiao’s terms, including Official Seo Hui, commander of an army group north of Anju. While the bureaucrats argued in Kaesong, General Xiao


texts: launched a sudden attack across the Cheongcheon River, directly on the Goryeo army headquarters in Anju. The Khitan assault was quickly repulsed, but it agitated the royal court to a state of near panic. In an effort to calm the court nobility, minister Seo Hui volunteered to negotiate directly with General Xiao. Both parties knew that a key factor influencing the negotiations was the heavy pressure being exerted on the Liao state by Song dynasty. In face-to-face talks with his Khitan counterpart, minister Seo bluntly told General Xiao that the Khitan had no basis for claims to former Balhae territory. Since the Goryeo dynasty was, without question, successor to the former Goguryeo kingdom, that land rightfully belonged under Goryeo's domain.In a cleverly veiled threat, Seo Hui reminded General Xiao that the Liaodong Peninsula had also once been under the dominion of Goguryeo and that the Manchurian territories, including the Khitan capital at Liaoyang, should properly belong to Goryeo. In a remarkable conclusion, minister Seo obtained Khitan consent to allow the region up to the Yalu River to be incorporated into Goryeo territory. General Xiao and the Khitan army not only returned to Liao without having achieved their goals, but the invasion ended with the Khitan giving up territory along the southern Yalu River to Seongjong. Seo Hui's brilliant diplomatic maneuver underscored his correct understanding


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 of both the contemporary international situation and Goryeo's position in the region. The Khitan withdrew and ceded territory to the east of the Yalu River when Goryeo agreed to end its alliance with Song Dynasty. However, Goryeo continued to communicate with Song, having strengthened its position by building fortress in the newly gained northern territories. The Goryeo-Khitan Wars continued with the second and third campaigns until 1018.Death
He died of disease in November 997 and was succeeded by his nephew, Mokjong. Family
Father: Daejong of Goryeo (고려 대종)
Grandfather: Taejo of Goryeo (고려 태조)
Grandmother: Queen Sinjeong (신정왕후)
Mother: Queen Seonui (선의왕후)
Grandfather: Taejo of Goryeo (고려 태조)
Grandmother: Queen Jeongdeok (정덕왕후)
Sister: Queen Heonae (헌애왕후)
Sister: Queen Heonjeong (헌정왕후)
Consorts and their respective issue(s):
Queen Mundeok of the Chungju Yu clan (문덕왕후 유씨); half first cousin – No issue. Queen Seonjeong (선정왕후); step daughter
Queen Munhwa of the Seonsan Gim clan (문화왕후 김씨)
Queen Wonjeong (원정왕후)
Lady Yeonchang of the Gyeongju Choe clan (연창궁부인 최씨)
Queen Wonhwa (원화왕후)

In popular culture
 Portrayed by Kim Myung-soo in the 2009 KBS2 TV series Empress Cheonchu. See also
Rulers of Korea
History of Korea
First Goryeo-Khitan War

References
Lee, K.-b. (1984). A new history of Korea. Tr.by E.W. Wagner & E.J. Schulz, based on the Korean rev. ed. of 1979. Seoul: Ilchogak. 961 births
997


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<mask> (born 22 October 1955) is a cultural analyst and journalist and founder of Lapido Media, a consultancy specialising in religious literacy in world affairs. She has travelled widely, especially in the Islamic world, visiting the South Asian headquarters of Muslim groups settled in Great Britain, and writing and commenting on the work of civil society organisations all over Asia and Africa. She is an expert on the connection between faith and culture, on which she has addressed parliamentary and Commonwealth gatherings. Her doctorate is from SOAS in London on Islam and secularisation. She is an advisor to the Relationships Foundation and a former Whitefield Institute grantee. She is the author of A Wild Constraint: the Case for Chastity. Background
<mask> grew up in a Utopian community founded by the Quakers to settle Sunderland miners on the land after the First World War, where they could grow vegetables and recover their health.Her father was part of a subsequent wave of settlers back home from the British colonies in the 1950s. Her family managed to eke a living off the proceeds of four acres of glasshouses which her father built by hand. They grew lettuces and tomatoes for 40 years until the European Economic Community destroyed their market and the Land Settlement Association went bust. She attended Christ's Hospital before going on to study an Honours degree in English Literature and Politics at Durham University. Later, <mask> studied for a doctorate in the sociology of religion at the School of Oriental and African Studies, London University and has published many articles, papers and chapters on Islam and Christianity in Great Britain. Career
In 1978,

masks:
Jenny Taylor
Taylor
Taylor


texts: <mask> became an indentured reporter with The Goole Times, part of the Yorkshire Post Group, where she was elected Mother of the Chapel. Two years later she moved to Swindon as a newly qualified Senior Reporter with the Evening Advertiser.Following nationwide 1981 England riots she became Westminster Press's first Race Relations Correspondent. Between 1988 and 1990 she was the National Launch Press Officer for Christmas Cracker, gaining nationwide media coverage for a new concept in fund-raising and originating and launching The World's Biggest Christmas Cracker on London's South Bank. During her six years as Editor and Press Officer for international charity,  Interserve UK,(from 1988), she redeveloped GO magazine, doubling its circulation including securing a readership for it in the USA. She also devised and researched Nambikkai for BBC2's See Hear, which was later broadcast several times as part of the successful campaign to release the deaf charity worker, Ian Stillman. In 1991–1992, she was Communications Officer for the British Council of Churches' The Gospel & Our Culture programme. She was also responsible for the Westminster launch of The Gospel in Contemporary Society, which topped religious best-seller lists, and a self-funding video study pack, It's No Good Shouting, which was adopted as core material in at least two-degree courses. As Associate Editor for Third Way Magazine, high-profile interviewees included Shadow Secretary of State for Education Michael Gove; novelist Fay Weldon; Sir Iqbal Sacranie, General Secretary of Muslim Council of Britain; Sir John Stevens, former Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police Service.She undertook various research and


texts:
 communication contracts including in 2001, a four-year contract as Head of Media for the Church Mission Society in London. Her responsibilities included setting up and running a new CMS Media and Public Affairs Unit. She devised and led CMS' Break the Silence Campaign to end war in Northern Uganda, which was commended in the British parliament in 2004. This work resulted in the tripling of United Nations aid to Northern Uganda and contributed to a reduction in hostilities and break-up of Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camps. She also managed the news pages of the CMS website and edited a monthly supporters' radio programme which was presented by Caroline Swinburne. <mask> reported from Sudan, Uganda, Sierra Leone and South Africa, and acted as a media spokesperson on BBC's Woman's Hour, The World Today, Heart & Soul and Channel News Asia. A freelance since 1994, <mask>'s articles have appeared in the London Evening Standard, the Daily Telegraph, The Guardian, The Spectator and European and church press.Lapido Media

<mask> founded Lapido Media in 2005, a consultancy specialising in religious literacy in world affairs. She now works with journalists to improve the coverage of the social and political impact of religion and provides education and training for opinion formers in political religion. She undertakes research and writes about the religious reinforcement of human rights and human rights abuse and provides consultancy on campaigns and media strategy for faith-based charities working outside of the UK. Publications
<mask>'s writings include the following:
‘A Media Friendly Cracker’ in The Christmas Cracker Manual  Kingsway: 1990
‘Faith and Power:

masks: Taylor Taylor Taylor Taylor


texts:
 Christianity and Islam in 'Secular' Britain (with Lesslie Newbigin & Lamin Sanneh), London: SPCK, 1998. ‘Newbigin's Understanding of Islam’ in A Scandalous Prophet: Newbigin's Mission Revisited ed. Prof. Werner Ustorf (Eerdman's: 2002)
'After Secularism: Governance and the Inner Cities’ in Predicting Religion: Margins and Mainstream in the West (Ashgate: 2003)
'Taking Spirituality Seriously: Northern Uganda and CMS’ Break the Silence Campaign’ in Round Table – Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs 382, pp. 559 –574 (Routledge: October 2005)
 Faith and Power: Christianity and Islam in ‘Secular’ Britain Co-authors: Lesslie Newbigin, Prof. Lamin Sanneh (Wipf & Stock, Oregon USA: 2005)
 A Wild Constraint:the Case for Chastity (Continuum: 2009)

Lectures and presentations

 1996	‘Islam in Britain’ at Guthrie Centre for Islamic Studies, London Bible College, Northwood  Summer School.1997 'Dilemmas for the Law in Multicultural Britain' at de Bron Consultation, London Faith and Power: Christianity and Islam in ‘Secular Britain’. 2000	‘Kenosis or Conflict? Discourses of Power in the Inner Cities Religious Council’ at Tyndale Conference, Nantwich  God's Unfolding Purposes. 2000	‘After Secularism: Governance and the Inner Cities’ at Exeter University British Sociological Association Sociology of Religion Study Group 25th Anniversary Conference Prophets and Predictions. 2001	‘Faiths and Government: Who's Using Whom?’ at Edmonton Diocesan Conference, Catalysts for a Change, organised by Revd Chris Beales. 2004	The Global Dimension of Women Trafficking – to Women on the Move Group, at The Commonwealth Institute, Northumberland Ave, 16 June. 2005  ‘Reporting Islam’ to


texts:
 Gegrapha – Christians in Journalism Fellowship, St. Michael's Church, Chester Square, London on 7 October.2005	Guest preacher at Evensong, Jesus College, University of Cambridge. 9 October. 2006	‘The Commonwealth, multiculturalism, faith and tolerance’ to The Round Table – The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs The Commonwealth after Valletta Conference, Cumberland Lodge, 5–6 January. 2006	'The Need for a new Religious Political Discourse' at Bible Society Parliamentary Symposium on Faith, Politics and the Media, Doing God and Finding the Language, Portcullis House, Westminster, 9 May
 2006	Inaugural Lesslie Newbigin Memorial Lecture 'RIP Secularism 7 July: Lesslie Newbigin and the London Bombings’ at Christian Resources Exhibition, Sandown, 12 May. 2008	‘Islam, religious freedom and the media in Britain’, at Oxford Centre for Religion in Public Life Conference, Understanding and Reporting on Religion, Prague, Czech Republic, 11–14 June. 2008	Plenary paper, 'The Role of Religious Illiteracy and the Clash of Values' at Think Tank Thurgau Symposium for Future Leaders, Stein am Rhine, Switzerland, 29 September. 2010 The Numbers Game: Britain's Changing Demographic and its Implications for Christian-Muslim Relation at Centre for Islamic Studies, London School of Theology, 24 April.•  2010 'Defamation of Religion: UK Atheists lead the fight against the OIC campaign’ at The Media Project Conference, Defamation of Religion Versus Press Freedom, 8–13 August. References

External links
 LapidoMedia.com
 BBC Radio 4 Woman's Hour – Virginity

1955 births
People from Sunderland
Living people
Alumni of SOAS University of London
British journalists
Alumni of St Aidan's


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<mask> (born January 19, 1957) is a politician who served as the twenty-second Secretary of State of Puerto Rico, one of the four longest serving in that post. <mask> served as co-chair of Hillary Clinton’s National Hispanic Leadership Council in 2008, he co-chaired her successful Puerto Rico primary campaign that year and served as the Thirteenth President of the Senate of Puerto Rico until December 31, 2008. He chaired Luis Fortuño’s Incoming Committee on Government Transition in 2008 and the Outgoing Committee on Government Transition in 2012, the only Puerto Rican to serve in both capacities. He was sworn into office as secretary of state  on January 2, 2009, by Chief Justice Federico Hernández Denton, fulfilling the role of lieutenant governor (first-in-line of succession) in the island. Early life
<mask> was born in London, on January 19, 1957. His father, <mask> (1925–2001), a Scottish-American architect born in Texas City, Texas, was working for the United States Air Force at the time. <mask>'s mother, Nívea Mercedes Hernández (1931–2000), born in Puerto Rico, was a university professor and a member of the Board of Trustees of the University of Puerto Rico.<mask>, along with his brother Steven George and sister Elaine Mercedes, were raised and educated in Puerto Rico. He graduated from University High School (UHS) in Río Piedras, Puerto Rico, in 1974, where he served as student council president, studied from 1974 to 1977 at the UPRRP College of Business Administration, and in 1980 obtained his Juris Doctorate from Tulane University Law School. While in college, <mask>, along with Puerto Rico's former governor Luis Fortuño, founded the Puerto Rico Statehood Students Association, a student organization that

masks:
Kenneth Davison McClintock Hernández
McClintock
McClintock
George Davison McClintock
McClintock
Kenneth
McClintock


texts: promoted absentee voting in favor of the reelection of Governor Carlos Romero Barceló in 1980. McClintock never applied for admission to the bar, neither in Louisiana nor in Puerto Rico, as his intention was not to practice law but to be a public servant. He began that public service before law school, as the 19-year old staff director for the Puerto Rico House of Representatives Consumer Affairs Committee. He subsequently served as a legislative assistant to the New Party for Progress House delegation. McClintock has spent most of his adult life working in the Puerto Rico Legislative Assembly, first as a full-time staffer and subsequently as a legislator, before serving as secretary of state and lieutenant governor.While in college, he was an Amway independent distributor, learning how to run a small private business and earning enough money to support himself. After retiring from government service, he joined Politank*, a government affairs firm as Senior Public Policy Advisor, except for a brief period from 2017 to 2018 when Senate President Thomas Rivera Schatz recruited him as his senior advisor. He was married in 1994, to Maria Elena Batista, who served from 2001 to 2013 as director of Sports and Recreation for the municipality of San Juan and a former 1988 Olympic swimmer. After separating on February 18, 2011, they divorced in 2012 after 18 years of marriage. The two have a son, Kevin Davison, born in 1995, a Georgetown University graduate, an aspiring actor, a past National President of the Puerto Rico Statehood Students Association, a post his father held in 1979–80, and a former president of the Young Democrats of America (YDA) Hispanic Caucus, and a daughter, Stephanie Marie, born in 1997, and a


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 University of Notre Dame graduate currently pursuing a medical doctorate at Ponce Health Services University. He lives in San Juan where he is an active member of the Puerto Rican Episcopal Church. Political career

Early years

Involved in politics since the age of 13, at the age of 14, <mask> was appointed by President Richard Nixon as delegate to the White House Conference on Youth held from April 18–21, 1971.In 1978, President Jimmy Carter appointed him to the National Advisory Committee for Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. In 1979 <mask> served as the first president of the  Puerto Rico Statehood Students Association, which he cofounded with Luis Fortuño, then a Georgetown University undergrad. 1980s
In 1984, the Jaycees honored him with the Outstanding Young Man of the Year in Journalism Award for his weekly columns in the now-defunct El Mundo daily newspaper. He was the executive director of the U.S. Democratic Party, chapter of Puerto Rico, from 1984 to 1988 and has attended all ten Democratic Party conventions since 1976 as a delegate, a superdelegate or as a staffer. A Democratic National Committeeman since 2000, he was reelected in 2016 to his fourth term, resigning the post in 2017 after 17 years of service. In 1988 he ran unsuccessfully as the New Progressive Party (NPP) candidate in House District 5. 1990s

He was a Municipal Councilman for San Juan from 1990 to 1992 and during his tenure was the author of the municipal ordinance that raised the salaries of Municipal Guards beyond $1,000 a month for the first time in Puerto Rican history.In 1992, he was elected the youngest Senator-at-Large for the 12th Legislature. In November 1996 he was the top vote getter among all NPP and PDP

masks: McClintock McClintock


texts: senatorial candidates. During his fourth term, he was nominated by his New Progressive Party caucus as Senate President on November 4, 2004, and formally elected and sworn in for a four-year term as the Senate's 13th President on January 10, 2005. In 1996, President Bill Clinton appointed <mask> as an at-large member of the Democratic Platform Committee, where he was a drafter of the platform plank on Puerto Rico. In the 1990s he fought for Puerto Rico's inclusion in the proposed World War II Memorial on the National Mall after only two territories (Hawaii and Alaska) had been included in the first memorial design and all other U.S. territories (Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa and the United States Virgin Islands), several of which were actually invaded by Japan, had been excluded. His efforts included the approval of a Concurrent Resolution by the legislature and lobbying in Washington. During 1999, he served as the 62nd Chairman of the Council of State Governments, the youngest and first Hispanic in that organization's 75-year history.During his terms in CSG leadership, the organization strengthened its international ties, admitting several Canadian provinces as international member jurisdictions, co-sponsoring the foundation of the Parliamentary Conference of the Americas, and co-chairing with CSG President and Wisconsin's then-Governor Tommy Thompson a mission to the People's Republic of China, in which he met with Premier Zhū Róngjī. As chairman, <mask> increased the presence of Hispanics in CSG committees and task forces and helped organize CSG's best attended Annual Meeting ever, held in Quebec City, Canada. He also was part of the official delegation that attended the December 14, 1999,


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 ceremonies commemorating the final turnover on December 31, 1999, of the Panama Canal to the Panamanian authorities. He authored over 1,200 legislative measures during his 16 years in the Senate, of which over 200 became law. He served as the second president of the Parliamentary Conference of the Americas from 1999 to 2000, a forum that brings together the parliamentary assemblies of the unitary, federal and federated states, regional parliaments and interparliamentary organizations of the Americas. The Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico hosted the General Assembly of COPA in July 2000. He serves on the board of trustees of The Washington Center, a Washington, D.C.-based non-profit organization and on the board of Episcopal Health Services, which owns several health-related entities in Puerto Rico, including the St. Luke Episcopal Medical Center in Ponce.2000s

In 2000, he was elected as Puerto Rico's Democratic National Committeeman, a position to which he was reelected in 2004, 2008, 2012 and 2016. Prior to his election as Senate President, he served as Senate Minority Leader from 2001 to 2004 and he chaired the Senate's Committee on Government and Federal Affairs, as well as the Joint Committee for the Córdova-Fernós Congressional Internships Program from 1993 to 2000. As Senate committee chairman, he produced reports that served to make radical changes in public policy. The report on the conditions of the companies availed to the tax benefits of the now-defunct Section 936 of the Federal Internal Revenue Code earned him an interview in ABC's Prime Time Live program and Univision Network. He has testified in diverse hearings of the Congressional Committees, and has been the guest speaker in several


texts: universities throughout the United States. He has been interviewed in ABC's Good Morning America, has debated on Fox News Network and has appeared on BBC news programs, as well as on C-SPAN's Washington Journal. His efforts to promote economic equality to Puerto Rico's consumers by stateside corporations were profiled in a Business Week article in 1998.In 1996, along with Fortuño, he was appointed by Governor Pedro Rosselló as co-chair of the NPP's Platform Committee, a position to which he was reappointed by the party's 2000 gubernatorial candidate Carlos I. Pesquera. In 2004, he chaired the New Progressive Party's Senate Campaign Committee and flipped his party's nine-member minority, of which he served as Minority Leader from 2001 to 2004, into a nearly two-thirds majority in the new Senate in 2005, even though the NPP gubernatorial candidate narrowly lost the election. In 2008, along with Roberto Prats, he co-chaired Sen. Clinton's successful campaign for Puerto Rico's presidential primary, which she won 68% to 32%, the second highest vote margin (after West Virginia) in that year's election cycle. In 2012, he was elected by the Puerto Rico Democratic State Convention to a fourth consecutive four-year term as the territory's Democratic National Committeeman, remaining the territory's most senior Democrat. In September 2009, he was elected to a four-year term as chairman of the DNC's Northeast Hispanic Caucus. In September 2012, he attended his tenth consecutive Democratic National Convention in Charlotte, North Carolina. He attended his eleventh consecutive convention in Philadelphia in July, 2016 and has already been certified a super delegate to the 2020 Democratic National Convention.Election as President of


texts:
 the Senate

From January 10, 2005, to December 31, 2008, <mask> presided over the Senate of Puerto Rico. His presidency was in jeopardy during most of that year, as former Governor Pedro Rosselló was sworn in as a member of the Senate on February 13, 2005, and sought the Presidency for the remainder of the term. <mask> was elected to the Puerto Rico Senate Presidency with 23 votes, including 14 of the 17 NPP senators (<mask> abstained, one seat was vacant and Sen. Norma Burgos abstained in protest for the manner in which the NPP caucus allegedly elected the Senate leadership), and the entire nine-member minority delegation of the Popular Democratic Party, while the Puerto Rico Independence Party senator followed party tradition in abstaining from leadership votes). Since 2001, Senate rules require a unanimous vote to change the presidency. During his presidency, he backed many nominations and some public policy positions of Governor Aníbal Acevedo Vilá. Some nominations failed to obtain the Senate's consent, two through rejection, others through inaction or withdrawal by the governor following the Senate president's "advice" to do so. He participated in the multilateral negotiations between the governor, the Speaker, <mask>, the Roman Catholic Archbishop of San Juan, the Episcopal bishop for the Diocese of Puerto Rico and several Protestant leaders, in breaking the logjam that led to the end of a two-week-long government shutdown in May 2006.For close to three years, of the seventeen senators that were elected under the NPP in the 2004 General Elections, six remained loyal to <mask>'s presidency, thus denying his opponents the unanimity required by Senate Rules II and VI to declare the presidency vacant. As <mask>

masks: McClintock McClintock McClintock McClintock McClintock McClintock


texts: stripped eight of the ten senators who supported Rosselló's claim for the Presidency of the chairmanships of Senate committees, leaving a total of ten committees under the leadership of the five NPP senators who still backed him and two, the Ethics and the Public Safety committees remained under the leadership of senators supporting Rosselló. Many Capitol insiders had claimed that this had the effect of overflowing committees with work and slowing down the process of bills becoming laws. However, when that issue was raised on the floor of the Senate, <mask> ordered an investigation on legislative productivity that he stated statistically demonstrated that committee output was higher during the third legislative session (after committee and chairmanship consolidations) than during the first. One senator who supported him and came to the NPP expelled in the past term from the PDP, former Senate Majority Leader Jorge De Castro Font was expelled from the New Progressive Party for being <mask>'s ally to remain Senate President. This sanction was endorsed in a Party state assembly in 2005, for allegedly insulting high officials of the NPP (including its president, Pedro Rosselló), rejecting to comply with majority decisions of the party's state assembly (including support for Rossello's Senate presidency bid), and allegedly making political alliances with the PDP delegation in the Senate. Senator <mask> and four of the other senators who supported him were relieved of party positions for the same reasons.The party's directorate recommended expelling Sen. <mask> as well as Senate Vice President Orlando Parga on February 13, 2006. On August 20, 2006, however, the party's General Assembly failed to ratify their expulsion,

masks: McClintock McClintock McClintock McClintock


texts: approving instead a generic censure, reportedly reflecting the discomfort that the proposed expulsion created among many party members. As a result of his refusal to yield his leadership position in the Senate, he was seen without any political future by those who supported Sen. Rossello's bid, including a number of NPP voters who also supported Rossello. On January 16, 2007, the NPP Senate Caucus imposed disciplinary sanctions on two more NPP senators, José Emilio González, Rosselló's fellow senator from the Arecibo district, and Carmelo Ríos Santiago of the Bayamón district. The two were the decisive votes to pass a Concurrent Resolution proposing a constitutional amendment that would turn Puerto Rico's bicameral legislature in a unicameral system, an issue not addressed by the party's platform. In total, during the term, the caucus disciplined eight of the 16 members elected to the Senate in 2004. Members of the NPP hardcore rank and file had clearly stated they would never forgive the negotiations they allege took place against the statehood movement by McClintock, and did not acknowledge the Senate President's extensive efforts to lobby in Congress and generate national media coverage for the enactment of legislation to provide self-determination for Puerto Rico, as proposed by President George W. Bush's White House Task Force on Puerto Rico's Political Status.Likewise, many political observers, including a number of NPP voters who opposed Rosselló, believed that <mask>'s and Parga's removal from party membership rolls would be insignificant within the NPP; since both depended upon the rank and file structure to get elected with the party, while other observers and party leaders had expressed concern that the


texts: removals imperil future party victories, by the alienation of tens of thousands of past party supporters. Many party members, however, considered McClintock and his supporters as "traitors". On February 23, 2007, <mask> announced that if the party disciplinary sanctions were not lifted "within a reasonable time" he would file suit to protect "not only the constitutional rights of the senators who have been sanctioned but the rights of party members to freely select the candidates of their choice in the March 2008 primary". That "reasonable time" ended on March 29, 2007, when he, along with four other senators, filed suit in San Juan Superior Court, claiming that NPP leaders violated the due process required by the state elections laws when parties attempt to discipline its members. Judge Oscar Davila Suliveres ruled on April 12 against NPP Secretary Thomas Rivera Schatz and determined the lawsuit was meritorious and would be decided on the merits within several days. All sanctions against the McClintock Six were nullified by San Juan Superior Court Judge Oscar Dávila Suliveres on May 8, 2007, who determined that they had broken no programmatic or rule-based accord, and that they were free to run in the NPP's 2008 primary. On May 11, the Court reiterated, in a Nunc Pro Tunc Order, that any attempt by party officials to deny the rights of the McClintock Six would nullify the party primary.The Puerto Rico Supreme Court affirmed the lower court's ruling on June 12, 2007,  declaring all sanctions against the senators null and void. On December 27, 2007, the Supreme Court of Puerto Rico denied the NPP's attempt to deny <mask>'s senatorial allies the opportunity to appear on the 2008 NPP primary ballot. In a 4–1 decision,


texts:
 the Court reaffirmed <mask>'s right to remain as Senate President unless he voluntarily resigns, dies, or was removed as a member of the Senate. A 2007 El Nuevo Día opinion poll reflected that, in spite of being censured by the New Progressive Party, he had become its third most popular leader, after Resident Commissioner Luis Fortuño and party president Pedro Rosselló, surpassing San Juan Mayor Jorge Santini, former gubernatorial candidate Carlos Pesquera and Bayamón Mayor Ramón Luis Rivera. There were several attempts to unify the New Progressive Party delegation in the Senate, but all of them were sabotaged by some Party leaders, such as then-Secretary General, Thomas Rivera Schatz and Party Vice-President Miriam Ramírez de Ferrer. Upon Luis Fortuño's decisive victory in the March 9, 2008, NPP primaries, <mask> and his (mostly renominated) stalwarts were welcomed back into the party, reinstated to their leadership positions and <mask> appointed five of the eleven former Senate defectors to committee chairmanships. On December 31, 2008, after a full term as Senate President, <mask> ended his 16-year career as a legislator, as he prepared to assume the duties of Secretary of State of Puerto Rico, for which he was unanimously confirmed by the Senate, including many senators who had withdrawn their political support for him in the past.Work as President of the Senate

Ambassadors David Manning, then-British ambassador to the United States, visited his office, and met with People's Republic of China Premier Zhu Rongji in 1999, Costa Rica Presidents José María Figueres and Oscar Arias Sánchez, Canadian Prime Minister Jean Chrétien, Panama's President Martin Torrijos,   well as U.S. Presidents Jimmy Carter, George H.


texts:
 W. Bush, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush. He also championed improving school-level physical and health education, the theme of his World Health Day 2006 address before the Panamerican Health Organization in Washington, D.C..

<mask> was a frequent speaker at stateside universities, where he addressed Puerto Rico's political status issue. In September, 2007 he began a media campaign to oust Panama National Assembly president Pedro Miguel González Pinzón, who stands accused in U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia of murdering Puerto Rican-born U.S. Army Sgt. Zak Hernández, bolstered by the approval by 25 of the 27 members of the Senate of Puerto Rico of a resolution he authored expressing the legislative body's "profound preoccupation with the Panamanian leader's election. González Pinzón was subsequently denied reelection. In 2007, <mask> convened a meeting in Honolulu, Hawaii, of Senate presidents from Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, the Northern Marianas Islands and Puerto Rico to establish the Outlying Areas Senate Presidents Caucus to discuss issues common to the nation's outlying areas and devise common strategies to deal with such issues. One outcome of his efforts was Federal Communications Commission chairman Kevin Martin's support of the XM/Sirius satellite radio merger after Sirius committed to extending service to Puerto Rico.On April 7, 2008, <mask> and House Speaker Aponte joined former President Bill Clinton for the unveiling of a statue depicting former President Franklin D. Roosevelt (one of only two in a wheelchair), now a part of the "Paseo de los Presidentes", or President's Walk, exhibiting on the south side of the Capitol statues of the nine presidents who have visited the U.S. territory while

masks: McClintock McClintock McClintock


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 in office..

On May 26, <mask> presided over the yearly Memorial Day ceremony and concert, including a keynote address by then-Sen. Clinton in the presence of her husband and daughter. At the end of the ceremony, the names of several men and women were unveiled on Puerto Rico's Memorial Wall, which honors Puerto Ricans who lost their life in military service. <mask>'s presidency began to draw to a close when on June 30, 2008, he gaveled the Senate out of the seventh and last regular session of the term. He remained as president until December 31, 2008, a day after he called the Senate into a final special session, when he turned over the gavel to Senate Secretary Manuel A. Torrres, who served as Acting President until the fourteenth Senate President, Thomas Rivera Schatz was officially elected on January 12, 2009. On September 11, 2008, <mask> presided over the first joint meeting of the Puerto Rico Legislative Assembly outside the Capitol ever, held at the Roberto Clemente Coliseum in San Juan, Puerto Rico, to commemorate the 7th anniversary of the terrorist attacks against the United States and present the Military Medal of the Puerto Rico Legislative Assembly to those residents of Puerto Rico who had served in Iraq and Afghanistan. Over 1,000 of the 9,000 eligible were present for the ceremony, accompanied by over 1,500 family members. Puerto Rico Independence Party legislators boycotted the event.2008 transition

On November 7, 2008, the NPP's senators-elect chose Rivera Schatz to succeed <mask> as of January 12, 2009, as the Fourteenth President of the Senate in its 91-year history. <mask> was appointed by Governor-Elect Luis Fortuño, to serve as chairman of the Incoming Committee on Government Transition.

masks: McClintock McClintock McClintock McClintock McClintock


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 During the first twelve days of the new year, outgoing Senate Secretary Manuel A. Torres served as Acting President of the legislative body. Secretary of State of Puerto Rico

On November 11, 2008, Governor-Elect Luis Fortuño appointed <mask> as Secretary of State of Puerto Rico. Due to the fact that the appointment entailed serving the role of lieutenant governor, McClintock required confirmation by both the Senate of Puerto Rico as well as the House of Representatives. <mask> was active in the National Lieutenant Governors Association (NLGA) and the National Association of Secretaries of State. <mask> was sworn in, under a recess appointment, as the 22nd Secretary of State of Puerto Rico on the morning of January 2, 2009 by Puerto Rico Supreme Court Chief Justice Federico Hernández Denton in the court's chambers minutes after he privately swore in Gov.Fortuño, who later took the oath of office in a public ceremony that afternoon. On January 15, 2009, he was confirmed unanimously by the Senate of Puerto Rico and with only two votes in opposition in the 53-seat  Puerto Rico House of Representatives. Having been confirmed, he was sworn in on January 17, 2009, by Bayamón Superior Court Judge Angel Manuel Candelas in a private ceremony in  the neighborhood where <mask> was raised and lived for many years. In September 2009, he led Puerto Rico's four-member component of the United States' delegation, headed by United States Secretary of Commerce Gary Locke to the III Americas Competitiveness Forum in Santiago, Chile, participated in 2010 in the fourth Forum, held in Atlanta and in the fifth Forum in Santo Domingo in 2011. <mask> was designated by Fortuño to lead the Puerto Rico governments efforts to facilitate the


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 islands' transition to digital television. He has also been designated as chairman of the government's efforts to assist in the 2010 census, as well as the five-member Executive Branch Reorganization and Modernization Committee that produced 13 reorganization plans, eleven of which became law. He also chaired a five-member Legislative Reform Committee that made recommendations in October 2009 regarding a revamping of Puerto Rico's legislature.In 2010, Gov. Fortuño delegated him all gubernatorial powers regarding the approval of public-private partnership (P3) contracts under Puerto Rico's Public Private Partnership Law. Domestically, <mask> frequently participates as a speaker at activities throughout the states, Puerto Rico and foreign countries. In 2009, he spoke before the National Puerto Rican Coalition in Washington, D.C., served as the commencement speaker at the Universidad del Este (UNE) in Puerto Rico and joined Massachusetts Lieutenant Governor Timothy Murray at a recognition ceremony of the 65th Infantry Regiment in Worcester, Massachusetts, on June 20. In 2011, he was the keynote speaker at Hispanic Heritage activities in Cleveland, Ohio

While Secretary of State, <mask> met Republic of China President Ma Ying-jeou. On January 12, 2010, as acting governor, <mask> was placed in charge of Puerto Rico's Haitian relief efforts by Governor Fortuño, which included a $4.5 million Telethon benefitting the Red Cross and collecting millions of pounds of aid, reportedly the largest shipment of non-governmental aid sent during the first two weeks of the relief effort. On January 20, <mask> made a 4-hour visit to Port-au-Prince, Haiti, where, along with Puerto Rico journalist Carmen Jovet, he met with President


texts:
 Préval and Prime Minister Bellerive to coordinate Puerto Rico's relief efforts.He subsequently met with Preval in San Juan and was appointed by Secretary Hillary Clinton as part of the United States delegation to a meeting in Martinique in March 2010 to plan the multi-nation redevelopment of Haiti. He also helped coordinate Puerto Rico's initial response to the massive February 27, 2010, earthquake in Chile. In September 2010, he headed the Puerto Rico delegation to the International Book Fair (LIBER 2010), dedicated to Puerto Rico and held in Barcelona, Spain. In addition to his other duties, he participated in organizing President Obama's June 14, 2011, historic visit to Puerto Rico. In July, 2011, he was selected as co-chair of the National Association of Secretaries of State's International Relations Committee at its 2011 summer meeting in Daniels, West Virginia. <mask> subsequently hosted NASS' 2012 summer meeting in San Juan. In the summer of 2011, along with United States Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Brenda Sprague, he announced that Secretary of State Clinton has authorized the opening in 2012 of a U.S. Department of State Passport Office in San Juan, to serve Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands, the first such office in the Caribbean ever.Due to the temporary closure of the Roberto Sánchez Vilella Government Center's North Tower by the EPA in 2012, the ribbon-cutting ceremony was pushed back beyond <mask>'s incumbency as secretary of state. Until 1985, the federal agency authorized the Puerto Rico State Department to issue United States passports, but since then had only allowed it to operate a passport acceptance agency. Foreign travel as Secretary of State
Secretary <mask> visited


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 eleven countries, including  being a member of United States delegations, traveling to coordinate disaster relief, represent Gov. Fortuño or promote foreign trade and the Caribbean Energy Grid proposal. Reflecting <mask>'s international activities, the countries in three continents visited include:

Bahamas
Barbados
Canada
Chile

People's Republic of China
Dominican Republic
Grand Cayman
Haiti

Martinique
Spain
Taiwan

Meetings with major religious leaders

During his term as secretary of state and previously during his service in the Senate, <mask> met with numerous religious leaders, including the Papal Nuncio in the Dominican Republic, who has ecclesiastical authority over the Roman Catholic Church in Puerto Rico, the Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church Katharine Jefferts Schori and the chief abbot of the Buddhist Shaolin Temple in Henan, Shi Yongxin. Other international activities

Prior to serving as secretary of state, his official foreign travels in four continents, which set the stage for his level of international activity, included:

Austria
Belgium
Brazil
Canada

Costa Rica
Guatemala
Mexico
Panama

People's Republic of China
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom

On July 1, 2000, <mask> led COPA's Mission of Electoral Observers during Mexico's presidential elections which the nation's ruling party for decades lost to Vicente Fox, who became President of Mexico later that year. Three six-year presidential terms later, another Puerto Rican, Eduardo Bhatia led another COPA delegation for the same purpose.On December 1, 2009, <mask> first spoke of the Fortuño administration proposal, during the 33rd Miami Conference on the Caribbean & Central America, that a Caribbean Basin electric grid be developed to reduce the


texts:
 region's "addiction to oil", as he called it. By April 2010, Energy Secretary Steven Chu and Secretary of State Clinton were speaking positively and publicly about the Caribbean Energy Grid proposal at an energy ministerial meeting of the Americas held in Washington, D.C..

<mask> has spoken extensively about this Fortuño administration proposal at numerous conferences, including some specifically organized to discuss the proposed grid, since he first proposed it in December 2009. The first concrete steps in developing the proposal announced by <mask> in December 2009 are already being taken. In 2010, the United States Congress approved a $475,000 earmark supported by Reps. Donna Christensen (D-VI) and Pedro Pierluisi (D-PR) to fund a study on the viability of interconnecting Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands power systems. Siemens AG completed the study in July 2011. The government of Spain financed a World Bank pre-feasibility study on the possible interconnection of Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic's power systems, which would be an integral part of the proposed Caribbean Energy Grid. Final days as Secretary of State

After the election of Sen. Alejandro García Padilla as the 10th elected Governor of Puerto Rico on November 6, 2012, <mask> became the statutory chairman of Governor Fortuño's Outgoing Committee on Government Transition, the first and so far only  to have chaired both the Incoming and Outgoing Committee on Transition since the approval of the Government Transition Law of 2004.On January 2, 2013, following long-standing tradition, he opened the Governor-elect's Inaugural Ceremony, minutes before completing this last stage of his public service career. Having served a full


texts:
 four-year term, <mask> tied with Secretary Fernando Chardón as the third longest-serving Secretary of State. Only Secretaries Sánchez-Vilella and Burgos served longer terms. Post-governmental life

After a public career that spanned 39 years, <mask> accepted a full pension from the Government Retirement System in June 2013. He was recruited by the Interamerican University of Puerto Rico to teach American Government and Government Management courses and a Legislative Procedure seminar at its Metro campus in San Juan. He worked for Politank*, a Puerto Rico-based bipartisan government affairs firm from 2013 to 2017 as its Senior Public Policy Advisor and was frequently asked to speak at legislative hearings, public ceremonies or in the media. From January 2017 to April 2018, he served as the senior advisor to Senate President Thomas Rivera Schatz before returning to the private sector.Directorships

For nearly two decades, <mask> has been a member of the board of directors of The Washington Center for Internships and Academic Seminars (TWC), a Washington, DC-based non-profit. In August 2017, Rafael Morales-Maldonado, Diocesan Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Puerto Rico appointed him as a member of the board of directors of Episcopal Health Services of Puerto Rico, which operates St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital in Ponce, a hospice and a home care health service. He also serves as a member of the board of St. Luke's and of the Episcopal Seminary of St. Peter and St. Paul. <mask>, a lifelong Episcopalian baptized in London's St. George's Anglican Church in Nottingham,  also serves as Bishop Morales' parliamentary advisor, and previously served as a member of the diocese's Stewardship Committee during the incumbency of


texts:
 Wilfrido Ramos-Orench as provisional bishop of the Puerto Rico diocese. Legacies

Among the long-lasting legacies of <mask>'s public life are the Córdova-Fernós Congressional Internship Program, which has been replicated in 19 states and territories, the most recent being the United States Virgin Islands, where Gov. John deJongh signed a bill establishing a similar program after <mask> testified in favor of passage in the V.I. Legislature.Some of the more significant laws authored by <mask> during his 16-year senatorial career include:

• The Córdova-Fernós Congressional Internship Act of 1993

• Puerto Rico's 911 Act of 1993

• The Puerto Rico Conservatory of Music Act

• The 1996 Puerto Rico Casino Act

• Net-Metering Act

• Puerto Rico's Light-Pollution Control Act

On June 12, 2015, acting Governor David Bernier hosted the unveiling of <mask>'s official portrait at the State Department in the presence of former Governor Fortuño. Publications

During the 1980s, <mask> was a regular columnist for the now-defunct El Mundo newspaper, and has published over 100 essays and speeches in his Facebook page. He is known to continue historical research activities which he has publicly said may result in future books and publications. He has co-authored one book with Puerto Rico Democratic Party State Chair Roberto Prats:

• Te Quiero Puerto Rico – Primaria Presidencial Demócrata 2008, Co-author with Roberto Prats, published by Aguilar, a subsidiary of Editorial Santillana, First edition in Spanish (200pp), 2010,

In 2016 he was a coauthor of:

• Puerto Rico y su Gobierno'', edited by Héctor Luis Acevedo and published by the Inter-American University. <mask> authored two of its 22 chapters. Honors and recognitions

In his


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 autobiography, the late Senator Paul Simon described "State Senator <mask>, (as) a capable and aggressive young leader" who favors "statehood and I hope it happens". For over 18 years, <mask> has been a member of the board of directors of TWC, a non-profit based in Washington, D.C.In 2010 he was the keynote speaker at the Universidad del Este commencement in Puerto Rico. On October 31, 2011, in a ceremony at La Fortaleza also honoring Gov. Fortuño and Puerto Rico Senate Majority Whip Lucy Arce, the United States Selective Service director Lawrence Romo awarded <mask> its Meritorious Service Award and medal for his efforts as senate president and secretary of state to increase Selective Service registration rates in Puerto Rico as well as shepherding a bill into local law (signed December 12, 2011) to allow Selective Service registration while applying for a driver's license. On June 14, 2012, <mask> was awarded the Ana G. Méndez University System Presidential Medal by system president José F. Méndez during the Metropolitan University commencement ceremonies held at the Pedro Rosselló Convention Center. On September 6, 2012, late in the September 5 session of the 2012 Democratic National Convention, <mask> participated in the Roll Call of the States to record Puerto Rico's vote in the nomination of President Barack Obama for a second term in office. An oil portrait by Cuban-Venezuelan Estrella Díaz depicting him, unveiled by Senate President Rivera Schatz hangs at the Capitol Building's Hall of Presidents, while a photographic portrait hangs in the wall of Secretaries of State in Puerto Rico's State Department. Notes

References

External links

|-

|-

|-

Puerto Rican Episcopalians
1957 births
Puerto Rican people

masks:
Ken McClintock
McClintock
McClintock
McClintock
McClintock


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 of Irish descent
Living people
New Progressive Party (Puerto Rico) politicians
Members of the Senate of Puerto Rico
Members of the 15th Cabinet of Puerto Rico
Secretaries of State of Puerto Rico
Presidents of the Senate of Puerto Rico
Puerto Rican people of Spanish descent
Puerto Rico Statehood Students Association alumni
Tulane University Law School alumni
Statehood movement in Puerto Rico
Democratic Party (Puerto Rico) politicians
University of Puerto Rico alumni
21st-century Puerto Rican


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<mask> (born 1939)  is a composer, lyricist, playwright and artist who has written songs and scores for a number of movies, including the award-winning Savannah Smiles. Early life
Born in New York City, N.Y., <mask> moved with his family to Westchester County after his father returned home from World War II. <mask>’s future career in advertising and later music was strongly influenced by his Canadian-born father, who became a naturalized U.S. citizen before enlisting in the Marine Corps. The elder <mask> went on to become Director of National Advertising for Life magazine, then joined Compton Advertising and later became a fundraiser for his alma mater, Yale University. During his student days at Yale, <mask>’s father sang in double quartet called ‘The Eight Sons of Eli,” and the group had a show on CBS radio. <mask>’s father was continually ensconced in music one way or another and took his two older sons to every Broadway show, Gilbert and Sullivan concert and other musical events whenever possible. Career

From advertising to songwriting
<mask> earned a degree in Industrial Design from Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie Mellon University) and started his career at the NASA research facility in Cleveland, Ohio.From there, he moved into advertising as an account executive at Fuller, Smith and Ross before joining the Baker Division of Otis Elevator as Assistant Director of Advertising and then moved to Cleveland’s largest home-grown ad agency, Griswold-Eshleman. When the opportunity to return to New York arose, <mask> took the leap and went to work with what he calls “the hippest agency in the business”, Ogilvy & Mather. There, he had the

masks:
Ken Sutherland
Sutherland
Sutherland
Sutherland
Sutherland
Sutherland
Ken Sutherland
Sutherland


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 good fortune to work for the legendary David Ogilvy. Several years later he moved to McCann-Erickson in Houston, Texas, where he worked on the marketing challenge of changing the names of Esso and Enco to Exxon. While at McCann, <mask> heard another voice calling and segued out of the account service side of advertising to the creative. While at McCann, he wrote the first commercial jingle for the newly named Exxon Oil Company. That encouraged him to shift his talents to music, and he left the security of a corporate job to build the largest independent commercial music production company in the Southwest.In addition to running his commercial music business, he started writing songs for various  publishers, producers and artists in Los Angeles, California. He also wrote the theme for President Richard Nixon’s 1972 presidential campaign: “Nixon Now More Than Ever, Nixon Now,” performed by, among others, The Mike Curb Congregation. That same year, <mask> wrote the United Way’s official theme song, “Thanks To You,” which has been recorded by various artists, including The Mike Curb Congregation. Over the years, <mask> has worked with recording artists such as Red Steagall, Lee Greenwood, Mickey Gilley and David Loggins, Sandy Patti and Gene Redding, to name a few. Movie scores
Through a chance meeting on a flight to Houston from Los Angeles, <mask> met actor/writer Mark Miller who was trying to get an original screenplay funded and produced. <mask> offered to write the title song for the film and when it was financed in 1982, Miller hired <mask> to write both the songs and score for the film Savannah Smiles. The movie was named “Family Film of the

masks: Sutherland Sutherland Sutherland Sutherland Ken Sutherland


texts: Year” in 1983 by the Motion Picture Association of America, and copies of the movie are still available at on-line retailers while the soundtrack continues to sell on music digital download sites.One of the songs in the film – "Pretty Girl" performed by country recording artist Red Steagall – is, according to <mask>, often requested by brides for the Father/Daughter dance at their wedding reception. Another song from the film - “Another Dusty Road” - remains the signature song for the Oklahoma band, Mountain Smoke. Other film-scoring opportunities arose and <mask> moved to Los Angeles to continue his career. Films scored by <mask> include Papa Was A Preacher (1985) for legendary producer Martin Jurow with Grammy-winner Sandy Patti performing the closing credits song, “The Door Is Open, The Light Is On..” Other film scores composed and conducted by <mask> are Shadows on the Wall (1986) with Wilford Brimley, Dark Before Dawn (1988) with Doug McClure, and Big Bad John (1990) with Ned Beatty, Jack Elam and Jimmy Dean. In 1984, <mask> teamed up with orchestrator Phil Kelly to create the words and music for a one-performance musical in Las Vegas, Nev., for the Southland Corporation’s “Salute To America.” Additional writing assignments came from across the country and even from the Middle East where <mask> scored a television project for the Saudi Arabian government. In 1985, <mask> wrote and produced the song, “Here Is My Love, Pass It Along,” which he recorded with a number of artists who were either born or bred in Texas, including: Steven Stills, Billy Preston, Jerry Jeff Walker, B. J. Thomas, Shelley Duvall, Alex Harvey, Charley Pride, Mary Wilson,

masks: Sutherland Sutherland Sutherland Sutherland Sutherland Sutherland Sutherland


texts:
 the Gatlin Brothers and Sami Jo Cole to name just a few. The project raised money for The North Dallas Food Bank.Lippi, the Musical
Moving to  Dallas in 1995, <mask> launched into the creation, development and production of a new musical based on the life of unconventional early Renaissance master Fra Filippo Lippi. The show: Lippi, the Musical   standing-ovations at staged readings in both Dallas and New York. Now the  producers are raising capital to produce a Developmental Lab production with the hope of moving to a commercial stage. <mask> has also written the score for a feature-length documentary called Dancing With Torah for producer/director Robert O. Curry with the support of the Simon Wiesenthal Holocaust Museum. Murals
When not working on a music project <mask> enjoyed the opportunity to create and install murals for both commercial businesses and residences. His work can be seen in Dallas and Fort Worth, Texas, where in 2003 he and his team painted the largest piece of outdoor public art in North Texas entitled “A Community In Harmony.”. Update
<mask> passed away in March 2019 due to complications of Parkinson's Disease.References

External links
 <mask> - biography

 Artist Direct. <mask>. Filmography

  Hal Erickson. Synopsis Savannah Smiles. The 1980s Rewind, feature on Savannah Smiles fast-rewind.com
Savannah Smiles on iTunes

1939 births
Living people
Musicians from New York City
People from Westchester County, New York
American male composers
21st-century American composers
American lyricists
20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
Songwriters from New York (state)
21st-century American male musicians
American male

masks:
Sutherland
Sutherland
Sutherland
Ken Sutherland
Ken Sutherland
Ken Sutherland


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<mask> (, BEEB) (born December 28, 1946) is an American politician and attorney who served as the 45th governor of Arkansas from 2007 to 2015. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Born in Amagon, Arkansas, <mask> is a graduate of Arkansas State University in Jonesboro and the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville. Beebe entered private practice as an attorney before being elected to the Arkansas Senate in 1982. <mask> served five terms in the Arkansas Senate from 1983 to 2003 and served as President of the Senate during his last term. <mask> was elected Attorney General of Arkansas in 2002, where he served one term from 2003 to 2007. A member of the Democratic Party,  <mask> ran for the governorship in 2006, winning in an uncontested Democratic primary and defeating former U.S. Representative Asa Hutchinson in the general election with 56% of the vote.<mask> was elected to a second term in 2010, defeating former State Senator Jim Keet with 64% of the vote in contrast to fellow Democrat Blanche Lincoln who lost her second re-election bid in a 58-37 landslide. <mask>, who was restricted from running in the 2014 election due to term limits, left office on January 13, 2015. <mask> currently serves on the Governors’ Council of the Bipartisan Policy Center in Washington, D.C. and has endorsed Medicaid work requirements since leaving office. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Amagon, a small town in Jackson County, Arkansas. He was raised by his mother, a waitress, and never met his father. As a child, he moved often with his family. They lived in Detroit, St. Louis, Chicago, Houston and Alamogordo, New Mexico.They returned to Newport, Arkansas, where Beebe graduated from high school at the age of seventeen in 1964. <mask> received a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science from Arkansas State

masks:
Mickey Dale Beebe
Beebe
Beebe
Beebe
Beebe
Beebe
Beebe
Beebe
Beebe
Beebe


texts:
 University in 1968, where he was a member of Sigma Pi fraternity. He earned his juris doctor from the University of Arkansas in 1972. Beebe served in the U.S. Army Reserve from 1968-74. Early political career
After the incumbent senator from his newly redrawn district unexpectedly dropped out of the race, <mask> was left without a primary or general election opponent and was elected to the Arkansas State Senate in 1982, where he would serve for 20 years. He never faced an opponent in his twenty-year Senate career in which he became known as one of the most effective legislators based on his pragmatic deal-making ability. During his last session in the state senate, Beebe was elected president pro tempore of the body.In 2002, he was elected Arkansas Attorney General, a position he held for the four years prior to his election as governor. Governor of Arkansas (2007–2015)

Elections

2006

On June 14, 2005, <mask> announced his candidacy for the Democratic Party's nomination to run for Governor of Arkansas. Beebe defeated former Republican Congressman and Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) chief Asa Hutchinson as well as the Green Party candidate and independent candidate Rod Bryan in the general election on November 7, 2006, capturing 55 percent of the vote. <mask> was sworn in as governor on January 9, 2007. He was elected to the Democratic Governors Association Executive Committee for 2008–09. 2010

<mask> was challenged by Republican nominee Jim Keet, a former state legislator from Little Rock. Beebe defeated Keet 64% to 34%

First term
In his official website, Beebe outlines some of the policies he has pursued during his first term.He has outlined a plan for a balanced budget and attempted to cut middle class taxes by slashing in half the percentage of the state's grocery tax and increasing the

masks: Beebe Beebe Beebe Beebe


texts:
 Homestead Property Tax Credit, which can provide for the lowering of property taxes. Beebe has focused heavily on education reform. He has called for an additional $19 million per year to be spent on assisting special needs students and has designed a program that attempts to increase the quality of teachers within Arkansas by providing alternative pay and mentoring to motivate bright students to enter education or young teachers to work in struggling rural schools. Beebe has rejected calls to allow for Social Security private accounts to be established. He has also made plans to phase out the tax on utilities for manufacturers. He outlined a 12-point plan to make health care more accessible and affordable. Some of his proposals include using federal tax credits to make private insurance cheaper, expanding Medicaid, increasing use of preventive care to stop health concerns before they grow worse, expanding school health clinics, and using home and community-based care as an alternative to nursing homes.Second term

In January 2011, he said that he supported a tax increase for highway funding saying "If they pass a tax increase for highways and it was reasonable, I'd sign it. I don't think it's going to happen." In January 2012, he proposed a $163 million funding increase in a $4.7 billion state budget. He called for $117 million increase in the Human Services Department and a $56 million increase in public schools. He also called for an audit of the state's Forestry Commission's finances after a $4 million shortfall and a layoff of 36 workers. In the 2012 midterm elections, Republicans gained control of both houses of the General Assembly for the first time since 1874 after making major gains two years earlier. This made Beebe the first Democratic Governor of Arkansas ever to face a


texts:
 Republican-controlled legislature.The GOP margin was 21 to 14 in the Senate, and 51 to 48 in the House (with one Green). In his 2013 State of the State address, <mask> made a comprehensive case for Medicaid expansion. In April 2013, Beebe signed into law Arkansas's "private option" to use federal Medicaid money to purchase private insurance for thousands of low-income residents. To become law, the proposal needed a two-thirds majority vote. The state's General Assembly, with Republicans in the majority, narrowly approved the three necessary bills to establish and finance the insurance program. <mask> did not see his approval rating slip below 70 percent at any point during his tenure, according to yearly polls from the University of Arkansas. According to the FiveThirtyEight Blog, "[Beebe's] crossover appeal — and the recent history in Arkansas of producing a popular Democratic president — might suggest Mr. <mask>, who will be term-limited in 2014, would be among the more talked-about 2016 contenders."On November 12, 2014, two months before the end of his term, <mask> said he intended to pardon his son for a 2003 felony drug possession conviction. Post-governorship
In March 2015, <mask> joined the Roberts Law Firm PA of Little Rock. In December 2015, he was named to the board of directors for Tyson Foods. Electoral history

As Governor of Arkansas

2010

2006

See also
List of governors of Arkansas

References

External links

Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture entry

1946 births
American Episcopalians
Arkansas Attorneys General
Arkansas Democrats
Arkansas lawyers
Arkansas state senators
Arkansas State University alumni
Democratic Party state governors of the United States
Governors of Arkansas
Living people
People from Newport, Arkansas
University of Arkansas alumni
Tyson Foods people
United

masks: Beebe Beebe Beebe Beebe Beebe


texts:
<mask>  (11 September 1917 – 2009) was a pioneer of Op art in the mid-1960s from Kettering, Northamptonshire, England. <mask> was one of its earliest and most consistent exponents and it was in these overlapping fields of optical effect and systemic structure that he was to find the creative substance that was to sustain his whole career. A Constructivist by inclination his interest in mathematics, chaos and wave theories informed an art that is both rational and intuitive. Without losing his rigorous, intellectual approach, Kidner manages to make his work resonate emotionally.Throughout his life he retained an interest in unpredictable world events that provoked unplanned elements within his work but he somehow managed to intimate an underlying order through his use of form and colour. Early life
<mask> was born in Kettering, the son of an industrialist and was one of 6 children. He was educated at Bedales progressive school and in 1939 he went to Cambridge to read History and Anthropology, before studying Landscape Architecture at Ohio state university. He was staying with his older sister and her American husband in the USA when war broke out in Europe.Unable to return home he joined the Canadian army for 5 years. He was subsequently posted to England and after D Day saw active service in France in the Canadian Royal Corps of Signals. Post demobilisation in 1946, he enrolled at Goldsmiths University to study for a National Diploma in Art and Design. However he left after only 3 months as he was disenchanted with the course. From 1947 – 50, Kidner taught at Pitlochry Prep school in Perthshire and it was here that he started to paint as a hobby. In 1949 he met and married his wife Marion Frederick

masks:
Michael James Kidner
Michael Kidner
Kidner


texts: an American actress. From 1951 to 1952 he became a theatre designer in Bromley and Barnstaple whilst continuing to paint.During a painting holiday in the south of France he met André Lhote who introduced him to Cubism and encouraged him to move to Paris and become a full-time painter. He travelled to Paris in 1953 where he attended Lhote's Atelier sporadically. After 2 years he returned to North Devon where his brother was practising as a GP. Here Kidner painted abstract landscapes rather in the spirit of the St Ives School. Subsequently he moved to St Ives for several months where he became acquainted with Trevor Bell, Roger Hilton, Terry Frost, Patrick Heron, Peter Lanyon and others in the group. On moving to London in 1957, Kidner was introduced to The New American Painting exhibition at the Tate Gallery where he saw the Abstract Expressionism of Jackson Pollock, and Willem de Kooning. Somewhat later Kidner was particularly influenced by Mark Rothko's Colour field paintings.These inspired his After Image paintings, sculptures and reliefs, executed between 1957 and 1962. Another defining experience was a course in 1959 run by Victor Pasmore and Harry Thubron which alerted him to the Bauhaus derived ideas of colour. This led him towards a more objective use of colour that stimulated a new, radical approach to his painting. Kidner's first solo exhibition was held at St Hilda's college, Oxford in 1959 where he showed his After Image paintings. However it was not until 1965 that he became recognised as a pioneer of Op Art following the publicity surrounding the exhibition called The Responsive Eye organised by William Seitz at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Both <mask> and Bridget Riley's work


texts:
 were included. Kidner was to teach at numerous art schools, including Bath Academy of Art and Chelsea College of Art.In 1978 he was invited by the artist Stass Paraskos to be an artist-in-residence at the Cyprus College of Art arts centre in Paphos on the island of Cyprus. Mature career

After Image 1959
Kidner said that "Optics presents a challenge that was once offered by perspective". He was referring to the examination of visual perception in the science of linear perspective developed by Leon Battista Alberti and other Renaissance artists in the 15th century. Kidner was also interested in the work of Seurat and the Neo Impressionists who had investigated the connection between the retina and the brain regarding colour perception, as seen in their Pointillist paintings. Rothko's Colour Field abstractions led Kidner to see colour as "pure sensation". For example in his Moving Green 1959 the colours seem to float in an atmospheric colour relief in front of the canvas.On gazing at the colour field, the eye moves from the green to the red area and a bright, red spot or after image produced by the retina appears in the field. Later Kidner's After Image works became hard edged with flat uniform patterns, when he realised that optical activity producing shimmer is decreased by brushy paintwork and varied shapes.Stripe 1961
However After Image became too limited for Kidner, he found that he wanted to approach colour in a more rational way, so he began a series of striped paintings using two alternating colours. Moire 1963
By 1963, Kidner had recognised the limitation of 2 colours, the problem of how to introduce a third colour was solved for him in an article on the Moire effect in the Scientific


texts:
 American. This effect was first discovered in Japanese silks, when the material was folded, optical patterns and colours floated above the actual patterns and colour of the material. This method produced a dramatic effect when Kidner crossed 2 colour bands with a third at a slight angle, resulting in a completely new pattern, with a wave like vertical image hovering into view producing an intense optical dazzle. Wave 1969
The appearance of the wave captivated Kidner and wave theory became his obsession as he realised that a wave pattern produces many more possibilities than straight lines because waves can be put in or out of phase. As well as optical effects he was interested in distinguishing form from colour. He applied 3 colours to 4 forms in rotation so that no form could be identified by a particular colour.This can be seen in his print Sussex 1967

Columns

In 1969 the notion of colour as form urged Kidner on to do a columnar sculpture of a wave. At this stage he became interested in Number theory as the key to "the nature of order" and "the structure of reality". Kidner was influenced by Lohse, a pioneer of systems art who had written that "Through its relation to structure, technology, science etc (The ) task is to set up systems". Kidner meticulously translated the column into a two-dimensional form as a painting by using a systematic method of measurements and colour-coding as seen for example in:

Grids and lattices 1973 and stretched elastic, 1987

At this stage Kidner began to be interested in the spaces between the lines and crisscross wavy lines began to emerge in his work, culminating in grids and lattices. These were sometimes in phase creating identical spaces in between and


texts:
 then sometimes out of phase so the spaces in between didn't repeat. Kidner used this structure as a basis for creating many variations of this principle and observed that " the endless number of linear intersections both offer and resist any sort of visual resolution." Continuing with his investigation of grids and lattices Kidner experimented with various materials.He stretched and distorted elastic cloth on moveable wooden frames in geometrical shapes, in order to arrive at unexpected shapes, thus introducing randomness, instability and change into his art. He felt that constructive art needed to take into account disorder as well as order. Pentagon 1999
By 1999, chaos theory became a profound influence on Kidner's work and geometric abstraction in the form of Penrose pentagons reprinted on paper became a critical tool as a metaphor for ordering the chaos in the world. This was Kidner's response to the many dystopian world events, such as global warming, wars, ethnic cleansing, terrorism and intense nationalism. Kidner was intrigued by the fact that his pentagon patterns looked chaotic, like whirlpools that appeared and receded as he viewed them. His use of colour in these works was often random and whereas in his former work, colour was used to clarify the grid, now it subverted it. He now invested more value in unplanned elements in his work of that time.He wondered if there may be in chaos "some kind of order that perhaps we haven't yet recognised." In his last decade <mask>'s work became more colourful and free. Titles such as Entangled Hyacinth Bulbs, 2007, Invasion of Iraq: Surprise Resistance 2007 and Particle Evolution: The End of the Tunnel at Cern.2008 indicate their subject matter.


texts:
 <mask>'s distinguished career has included many honours, prizes and international shows. He taught at Bath Academy of Art, Corsham from 1962 to 1982 and was visiting lecturer at The Slade School of Fine Art from 1975 – 9 and Chelsea School of Art from 1981–85. He co–founded the Systems Group with artist Jeffrey Steele and others in 1969. His work is in many important collections including those of Tate Britain, The Royal Academy, The British Arts Council, provincial galleries as well as in Portugal, Germany, Poland, Hungary, Vienna, Tokyo Russia and America.In 2004 he was elected as a senior Royal Academician. He was taken on by Flowers East in 2004. Latterly he was to see a considerable revival of interest in his work, as general critical interest returned to the abstract painting of the 1960s and early 70s. Death
In spite of his progressive Cerebella Ataxia he continued to work in his studio with the help and support of the artist Adrian Richardson until a month before his death having been diagnosed with cancer. <mask> was predeceased by his wife Marion in 2004 and their son Simon was killed in a motorbike crash in 1980. He survived to see his last show of his 1960s working studies, Dreams of the World Order at the Royal Academy in September 2009. Bibliography
Exhibition Catalogues
Love is a Virus from Outer Space [Catalogue of the exhibition held at Flowers East 2003] London.<mask>: At-tension to the Wave [Catalogue of the exhibition held at Center for International Contemporary Arts, 1990] New York. Micheal <mask> RA: Dreams of the World Order 1960s [Catalogue of the exhibition held at Flowers East 25 September – 9 December 2009] London. <mask>: No Goals in a Quicksand [Catalogue of the

masks:
Kidner
Kidner
Michael Kidner
Kidner
Michael Kidner


texts:
 exhibition held at Flowers East 14 September – 13 October 2007] London. References

External links
michaelkidner.com

Flowers gallery
Guardian obituary for <mask>ner
Independent obiturary for <mask>ner
Telegraph obituary for <mask>
sculpture.org.uk
Whitfordfineart.com
Tate gallery archives
Artnet

Modern artists
British abstract artists
British conceptual artists
People from Kettering
1917 births
2009 deaths
Op art
Royal

masks:
Michael Kid
Michael Kid
Michael Kidner


texts:
<mask> (1934 – 6 February 2007) was indigenous Nahua native to the mountains of Zongolica, Veracruz, Mexico. Her death at 73 years of age caused uproar across Mexico as a result of the accusations that she had been raped and murdered by several Mexican soldiers, but these allegations could not be officially substantiated. Authorities later determined her death to be of natural causes, without criminal implications. This version has not convinced the family or human rights advocacy groups. Case description

<mask> died while herding sheep in Tetlatzinga community. She was found, lying on the grass, still alive, and allegedly managed to say that she had been assaulted by soldiers. The first autopsy confirmed that she had been the victim of rape.The social outrage in Soledad Atzompa, Veracruz, was such that the detachment of soldiers assigned to the area were forced to withdraw. Previously, the behavior of these soldiers had been the subject of written complaints to the local authority, but no action had been taken. The National Defense Secretariat denied any connection to the death of <mask>, whose death was blamed on natural causes. This version of events was also defended President Felipe Calderón. The controversy reached the municipal, state and federal level (including President Calderón), to the highest echelons of the military, the opposition political parties and the National Human Rights Commission. Conflicting accounts of the events have continued to be the subject of disagreement. While some maintain that she died at the hands of the soldiers stationed nearby, others say she died due to complications from an ulcer.The first was initially defended by the government of Veracruz, the second by the Presidency of the Republic and then by

masks:
Ernestina Ascención Rosario
Ernestina Ascención Rosario
Rosario


texts:
 the National Human Rights Commission. Her death and the subsequent confusion over its cause reflect different problems in Mexican political and social life, such as indigenous rights, women's rights, poverty, democracy, the role of the military in peacetime, and the objectivity of the media amongst others. Chronology of events

2007
 26 February. <mask> Ascención is found dying by her daughter, on a plain 100 meters from a military base in Zongolica, Veracruz. 6 March 6. The National Defense Secretariat (SEDENA) issued a statement that came to cause confusion, as it admitted that there had been a "crime", but accused "groups" opposed to the government. It stated "It is clear that this groups disaffected by this institution, have repeatedly questioned the actions taken on behalf of Mexican society, and in this particular case criminals who used military uniforms perpetrated the crime, looking for blame to members of the federal executive agency and to leave the area to thereby continue their activities."13 March. Before the end of the investigation of the Office of Veracruz, the Department of National Defense and the National Human Rights Commission, President Calderón said in an interview with La Jornada that Mrs. Ascencio died of "chronic gastritis". 28 March. PAN deputy, retired Gen. Jorge González, showed reporters in the Chamber of Deputies a CNDH document which already anticipated clinical causes of death of <mask> Ascencio, discarding the rape allegation. 6 April. The manager of Social Communication of the Army, Brigadier General Mario Lucio González Cortés, sent a letter to the newspaper La Jornada, noting that "The Ministry of Defense has not shown any of the seminal fluid supposedly found in the body of Mrs. <mask> Ascencio <mask>,

masks: Ernestina Ernestina Ernestina Rosario


texts:
 and never has had. " 24 April.The governor of Veracruz, Fidel Herrera, meets with the President of the CNDH. 30 April. The case is closed by special prosecutor of Veracruz. The justice of the investigation, Juan Alatriste, partially gave reason to the CNDH, in concluding that the 73-year-old "was not raped," but died of "parasitosis". 2010
 15 March. The State Attorney General (Procuraduría General de Justicia del Estado, or PGJE) bars the findings of coroner Dr. Juan Pablo Mendizábal Pérez, responsible for performing the autopsy on the body of the Rosario three years after her death. The barring officially issued by the Deputy of Monitoring and Control of the PGJE was the result of the process of claiming that the physician responsible for contaminating blood samples had erroneously certified the existence of a crime by claiming rape, having performed the autopsy in an unauthorized place and having done so in the presence of unauthorized persons."In an interview on the radio and TV for MVS Radio conducted by Carmen Aristegui, Dr. Mendizábal Pérez defended his position that Ernestina's body was found with a significant amount of sperm in the vagina and rectum which tested positive for prostatic proteins and Y chromosome. Additionally, the doctor defended his initial description of the injuries, reiterating the presence of rectal and vaginal tears indicating nonconsensual penetration. During the interview the doctor said that the autopsy was conducted at a private funeral home, due to the lack of a legal jurisdiction, a situation that occurs far. The doctor also said that this case highlights the involvement of different levels Mexican government — from municipal to federal — in the silencing of the case in order to protect the image of the


texts:
 army, whose staff seem to be primarily responsible for the violation of indigenous rights. During the interview, the doctor contended that the evidence that <mask> was raped is incontrovertible, and the fact that it was denied is possibly "the greatest fraud" by Dr. José Luis Soberanes who then presided over the National Human Rights Commission (from MVS radio broadcast of Carmen Aristegui dated 17 March 2010). Media impact
The case of <mask> Ascención <mask> had national impact and related to other abuses of authority, as the events of police repression in Atenco or the Oaxaca teachers' conflict, in which several women were assaulted by state and federal police. The National Commission on Human Rights, led by Dr. José Luis Soberanes, acted for the perpetrators and was called before the federal deputies responsible for making recommendations to the agencies involved in the case, including SEDENA.Case closure
The Attorney General of the State of Veracruz began an investigation into the case, which ended on 1 May 2007. Having determined that <mask>'s death was a natural death "by parasitosis", no criminal action was appropriate. References

External links
 Chronology of events as www.elgabinete.org

Nahua people
Murder in Mexico
Rape in Mexico
People from Veracruz
1934 births
2007 deaths
Indigenous Mexican

masks: Rosario Ernestina Rosario Rosario


texts:
<mask> (January 14, 1935 – March 7, 2019) was an American lawyer and entertainment executive. He served as President and CEO of MCA Inc. and Universal Studios for over 20 years. Early life and education
<mask>, the son of Jewish immigrants, a Ukrainian mother, Tillie (Grossman), and a Polish father, <mask>, grew up in Corpus Christi, Texas where he was born on January 14, 1935. In 1955, <mask> graduated from Columbia University and subsequently attended Columbia Law School, as both a Harlan Fiske Stone and James Kent Scholar, where he obtained his JD. <mask> was a recipient of Columbia Law School's highest honors awarded to alumni: the Medal of Excellence and the John Jay Award. Career
In the summer of 1958, <mask> arrived in California where he accepted a teaching position at UCLA School of Law. In 1959 while awaiting the results of his California Bar Examination, he joined the legal department of Revue Productions, the former television subsidiary of MCA Inc., and the predecessor of Universal Television, and began his career in the entertainment industry.In 1962, <mask> was involved in MCA's acquisition of Universal. <mask> is credited with discovering director Steven Spielberg. In the late 1960s, <mask> had seen Spielberg's first short film, Amblin, and signed the director, then 20, to a 7-year contract to the MCA/Universal Television in 1968. As recounted by Steven Spielberg on numerous occasions, <mask> famously told him, "a lot of people will stick with you in success; I'll stick with you in failure." In 1971, <mask> became president of Universal Television. In June 1973, <mask> was elected President and Chief Operating Officer of MCA, Inc. and Universal Studios, serving alongside Lew Wasserman. Having the benefit of being guided by Lew Wasserman, <mask> acknowledged that an essential part of being a mentor is having confidence in the people you're guiding and mentoring.Together they transformed Universal from a second-string studio, dependent on its television

masks:
Sidney Jay Sheinberg
Sheinberg
Harry Sheinberg
Sheinberg
Sheinberg
Sheinberg
Sheinberg
Sheinberg
Sheinberg
Sheinberg
Sheinberg
Sheinberg
Sheinberg


texts: productions, into a major player. Under <mask>'s leadership, Universal released what were, at the time of each of their releases, the highest-grossing films of each of the last three decades of the twentieth century. All three films were Universal/Spielberg projects, beginning with 1975's Jaws, 1982's E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial and concluding with 1993's Jurassic Park. During pre-production, Jaws was always on thin ice. <mask> attached Spielberg to the project and despite many headwinds, pushed for the picture to be released. He hired his wife to appear in the film.When 1975's Jaws ran over budget, <mask> had Spielberg's back—what skeptics dismissed as an overpriced B-movie became a horror classic that defined the new summer-blockbuster genre. (The $471 million it collected worldwide would be more than $1.9 billion today.) Other high-performing films credited to him are Schindler's List (1993) and Back to the Future (1985). <mask> famously wanted to change the name from "Back to the Future" to "Space Man From Pluto" despite the film having nothing to do with outer space, spacemen, or the dwarf planet Pluto. In 1982, Thomas Keneally published his historical novel Schindler's Ark, which he wrote after a chance meeting with Leopold Pfefferberg in Los Angeles in 1980. <mask> sent director Spielberg a copy of the book along with a New York Times review. <mask> greenlit the film on condition that Spielberg made Jurassic Park first.Spielberg later said, "He knew that once I had directed Schindler I wouldn't be able to do Jurassic Park." The picture was assigned a small budget of $22 million, as Holocaust films are not usually profitable. Spielberg forwent a salary for the film, calling it "blood money", and believed the film would flop. The film was a box office success, bringing in over $320 million and is considered a historic motion picture that poignantly captured the Holocaust. <mask> saw significant opportunity in the music industry and led MCA Music Entertainment's (later

masks: Sheinberg Sheinberg Sheinberg Sheinberg Sheinberg Sheinberg Sheinberg


texts:
 renamed Universal Music Group) acquisition of Motown in 1988 for $61 million and Geffen Records in 1990 for $550 million. In 1982, <mask> was quoted saying, "You'd better start saving money to pay your attorney's fees, I view litigation as a profit center" during a meeting to get Nintendo to pay Universal royalties for Nintendo's Donkey Kong franchise. Later when Universal sued Nintendo, this quote was brought up in court.Nintendo was found non-infringing, and it was also revealed that Universal knew King Kong was in the public domain all along. (See also Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Nintendo Co., Ltd.)

In 1984, as part of MCA's potential acquisition of The Walt Disney Company, <mask> agreed to vacate his role as MCA President in order to allow Disney CEO Ron W. Miller to assume the role. Despite coming close to actually happening, however, Wasserman strongly disagreed and said that <mask> should stay as MCA President, causing the deal to collapse entirely. His battle with Terry Gilliam over the final cut of the movie Brazil was the subject of a book and documentary entitled The Battle of Brazil. In 1990, <mask> and Lew Wasserman negotiated a $6.59 billion sale of MCA and Universal to Japan's Matsushita Electric in cash and securities. <mask> departed Universal in July 1995, following the takeover of the studio by the Seagram Company. He produced several feature films through his production company The Bubble Factory over the decade that followed.Boards and honors
<mask> served on the National Board of the National Conference of Christians and Jews. He was also a member of the Board of Trustees of Pitzer College (one of the Claremont group of colleges), the Board of The American Jewish Committee, the Board of Research To Prevent Blindness and the Board of Trustees of the Simon Wiesenthal Center. He was the Vice Chairman of Human Rights Watch and the co-founder of the Children's Action Network. He was honored by the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force for his life's work

masks: Sheinberg Sheinberg Sheinberg Sheinberg Sheinberg Sheinberg


texts:
 in civil rights and inclusive support of the LGBT community. He received Columbia College's John Jay Award in 1981 for distinguished professional achievement, the American Jewish Committee's Human Relations Award in 1982, the National Conference of Christians and Jews Humanitarian Award in 1983, and Pioneer Of The Year Award in 1984 from the Motion Picture Pioneers, as well as the rank of Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres in 1984 bestowed by the French government. In 1987, he received the DeWitt Carter Reddick Award at the University of Texas in Austin, and in 1989 he was named a Lifetime Honorary Member of the Directors Guild of America for his decades of service on the DGA-AMPTP Creative Rights Committee. He received the AIDS Project Los Angeles Commitment to Life Award in 1991, the Medal of Honor from the American Academy of Achievement in 1994 and the GLAAD Media Award in 1996.<mask> and his wife jointly received the 1995 Simon Wiesenthal Center's Humanitarian Award. Sheinberg Place (a street on the Universal Studios lot in Los Angeles), was dedicated in his honor February 4, 2008, at a ceremony honoring the former studio chief. David Geffen, Jeffrey Katzenberg and Steven Spielberg were among those attending. Personal life
<mask> married actress Lorraine Gary in 1956. Together they had two sons. Death
<mask> died in Beverly Hills, California on March 7, 2019 at the age of 84 from Parkinson's disease. See also

References

External links

1935 births
2019 deaths
People from Corpus Christi, Texas
Columbia Law School alumni
American entertainment industry businesspeople
20th-century American Jews
American filmmakers
American media executives
American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
American people of Polish-Jewish descent
Talent agents
Universal Pictures
MCA Records
California lawyers
Texas lawyers
NBCUniversal people
American independent film production company founders
Neurological disease deaths in California
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
21st-century

masks:
Sheinberg
Sheinberg
Sidney Sheinberg


texts:
Rebecca Marie "<mask>" <mask> (3 June 1998 – 19 February 2015) was a British student from Bristol who was murdered in 2015 at the age of 16. In November 2015, her step-brother, Nathan Matthews, was found guilty of her murder and was sentenced to life in prison with eligibility for parole after 33 years. His girlfriend, Shauna Hoare, was found guilty of manslaughter and sentenced to 17 years in prison, although Matthews had insisted to police that she had nothing to do with the killing, or dismembering <mask>' body and hiding the parts. Both Matthews and Hoare were also convicted of conspiracy to kidnap, preventing the lawful burial of a body, perverting the course of justice and possession of two stun guns. Disappearance, investigation, body discovery and arrests
<mask> was last seen at home in St George, Bristol, on the morning of 19 February 2015 by her step-mother Anjie Galsworthy, a multiple sclerosis sufferer, who left the house at around 11:15 A.M for a hospital appointment. <mask> was reported missing at around 4 pm the following day. Investigators found that her phone, laptop and tablet computer were missing from the house, but she had not taken any money or spare clothes with her and did not tell anyone that she was going away.On 22 February, Avon and Somerset Police made their first appeal for information about her disappearance, and the following day, her father and grandmother appeared at a press conference appealing for her return. An online campaign using the hashtag "#FindBecky" was launched on social media, reaching more than two million people worldwide. Police searches focused on a number of properties in Barton Hill, Southmead, St George's Park and Troopers Hill nature reserve. In addition, searches were made in nearby open spaces

masks:
Becky
Watts
Watts
Becky Watts
Watts


texts: and park areas, as well as house to house inquiries. Searches were also organised by public volunteers in areas including in Wharf Road in Fishponds, Trym Valley and Badock's Wood. Police made a public appeal for information regarding the movements of a black Vauxhall Zafira between 19 and 23 February. Initial inquiries focused on the belief that <mask> had disappeared after leaving the family home, based on statements given by her step-brother Nathan Matthews and his girlfriend Shauna Hoare, who were at the house at the time.They said they had not seen <mask> but "heard the door slam" and assumed she had left. On 28 February, Matthews and Hoare were arrested in connection with <mask>'s disappearance. On 2 March, they were re-arrested on suspicion of murder. The following day, <mask>'s dismembered body was found at a property in Barton Court, Barton Hill. On 4 March, Matthews was charged with murder. On 6 March, four other people who had been arrested were charged with assisting an offender, having been accused of helping to hide or dispose of <mask>'s body. A 23-year-old man who had also been arrested was released without charge.On 22 June, Hoare, who was originally charged with perverting the course of justice, was charged with murder. Matthews and Hoare were also charged with conspiracy to kidnap, preventing the lawful burial of a body and possession of an illegal weapon. The couple were also charged with four unrelated counts of making indecent images of children. Matthews was also charged on unrelated counts of sexual assault and voyeurism. <mask>' funeral took place at St Ambrose Church in Whitehall, Bristol, on 17 April 2015 and was described by her family as "an occasion to celebrate <mask>'s life". The service was followed by a private

masks: Watts Watts Watts Watts Watts Watts Becky


texts:
 interment for her family and friends at Avon View Cemetery. Trial, verdicts and sentencing
The murder trial began on 6 October 2015 at Bristol Crown Court.It was the prosecution's case that <mask> was suffocated in her bedroom during a "sexually-motivated" kidnap plot carried out by Matthews and Hoare. According to the prosecution, after the killing, Matthews and Hoare put <mask>'s body into the boot of their car and stayed at the house for several more hours, during which time other family members arrived home. Later that day, they drove back to their own house, where over the next few days they dismembered her body using a knife and a circular saw and put the remains into bags and boxes, which were then hidden in a neighbour's shed. Matthews admitted killing <mask>, but denied committing murder. He instead admitted manslaughter, telling the court that he had tried to kidnap his step-sister as a way of scaring her into changing what he perceived as her bad behaviour, but the plan went wrong and he accidentally killed her. Matthews insisted the killing took place while Hoare was in the garden, and that she was not involved. Hoare, who also denied murder, said she had no knowledge of the murder and had played no part in it, describing text messages she had exchanged with Matthews about kidnapping schoolgirls in the months before as "unfortunate" and "sarcastic".The prosecution claimed that the text messages between the two, as well as other content found at their home, suggested "a shared unnatural interest in attractive teenage females". The prosecution also relied on CCTV evidence of the movements of Matthews and Hoare on the day <mask> was last seen alive, and in the days which followed. On 19 February 2015, before going to Crown Hill, they were

masks: Watts Watts Watts Watts