texts:
 The department was the most advanced of its kind in Africa at the time and conducted pioneering research on the Bantu languages.While in Congo, <mask> published a number of works on Swahili; he was interested in the relationship between language and culture, which made him turn to fields such as modern sociolinguistics. <mask> would become well remembered for his research on Bantu linguistics. His Swahili Language Handbook (1967) was in use at universities for many decades. Career at the University of Texas at Austin

In 1960, the Republic of the Congo was proclaimed, leading to the Congo Crisis. <mask> fled as a refugee to Southern Rhodesia. Winfred P. Lehmann then  invited him to the University of Texas at Austin, where the absence of Werner Winter gave him the opportunity to teach Hindi, Latin, Hittite and other languages as a visiting professor for one semester. At Austin, Polomé became acquainted with the Old Norse specialist Lee M. Hollander, who encouraged Polomé to resume his research on Germanic religion.In 1962 <mask> was appointed a tenured professor at the Department of Germanic Languages at Austin. This department was not limited to Germanic languages, but covered many other aspects of linguistics as well. His teaching was particularly devoted to Indo-European and Germanic studies, linguistics and African languages. He taught courses in a number of departments, including the departments for anthropology, classics, linguistics, foreign language education and Germanic languages. Topics on which he taught included

masks: Polomé Polomé Polomé Polomé


type: original

texts: historical linguistics, comparative linguistics, sociolinguistics, comparative religions and the history of religion. In linguistics, languages <mask> taught at Austin included Sanskrit, Pali, Hittite, Avestan and Old Persian, and the comparative grammar of Indo-Iranian, Greek, Latin, Germanic, Celtic, Baltic and Bantu languages (particularly Swahili). He also taught courses in ancient Germanic culture and religion, and Indo-European culture and religion.Among his students at Austin, <mask> became well known for his extensive knowledge and eclectic approach to scholarly problems. Notable students on whom Polomé had a strong influence include Joseph C. Salmons and Bridget Drinka, who became prominent scholars in the field themselves. Polomé's research centered particularly on Indo-European and Germanic studies, and Bantu languages. He was known for his interdisciplinary approach, and was interested in linguistics, culture and religion. His most important contributions were to the study of the language, culture and history of the Germanic peoples. Questions examined by Polomé in this regard include Celtic-Germanic relations, and the Indo-European components in Germanic languages and culture. He conducted extensive work on Germanic religion.<mask> was the author and editor of several books, and authored hundreds of articles and reviews for scholarly journals. Throughout his career, <mask> was a member of numerous learned societies, including the  American Oriental Society, the Association for Asian Studies, African Studies


texts: Association, Linguistic Society of America, the American Anthropological Association, the Modern Language Association of America, Société de Linguistique de Paris, and the . <mask> was director of the Center for Asian Studies at Austin from 1962 to 1972. He gained American citizenship in 1966. In 1968 he was granted a Fulbright professorship in Kiel, Germany. In the following year he edited Old Norse Literature and Mythology (1969). This volume was a collection of papers presented at symposium organized in honor of Polomé colleague Lee M. Hollander.Along with Lehmann, <mask> was instrumental in the creation of the Department of Linguistics and the Department of Oriental and African Languages and Literature (DOALL) at Austin, which was established in 1969 with <mask> as chairman (1969–1976). In 1969–1970 he stayed in Tanzania with a grant from the Ford Foundation and again surveyed African languages. Based at the University of Dar es Salaam, where he was a visiting professor, <mask> also helped to improve the linguistics programs at the University of Nairobi during this period. From 1972 to 1978, <mask> was chairman of the Language Committee of the American Institute of Indian Studies. Together with the archaeologist Marija Gimbutas, <mask> co-founded the Journal of Indo-European Studies (JIES) in 1973. At JIES, <mask> served from the beginning as mythology editor, was responsible for linguistics, and was made managing editor in 1987. In 1995, <mask> launched the JIES Book Chronicle, which reviews books of interest to Indo-European

masks: Polomé Polomé Polomé Polomé Polomé Polomé Polomé Polomé


texts: studies.Together with A. Richard Diebold Jr., Polomé co-edited the Journal of Indo-European Studies Monograph Series. <mask> was a friend of J. P. Mallory, who would eventually assume many of his duties at the journal. <mask> was a co-editor of Mankind Quarterly, which like the JIES is published by the anthropologist Roger Pearson. <mask> was along with Gimbutas, <mask>, Arthur Koestler and many other scholars of prominence a member of the patronage committee of Nouvelle École, which is the journal of Alain de Benoist's Nouvelle Droite think tank GRECE. While Pearson and Benoist have been associated with far-right politics, <mask> and Gimbutas have not been suspected of harboring such political sympathies. <mask>'s Language, Society and Paleoculture (1982) examined the relationships between culture and language in ancient societies. In 1985, <mask> was appointed <mask> and Stanley E. Adams Jr. Centennial professor at the College of Liberal Arts at University of Texas at Austin.Polomé contributed a number of articles to Mircea Eliade's monumental Encyclopedia of Religion (1986-1987). A Festschrift for Polomé was published by Mouton de Gruyter in 1988. The next year, his Essays on Germanic Religion (1989) was published. It represented the culmination of a lifetime of research on Germanic religion by <mask>, and was intended by him to be an incentive for the publication of a revision of Jan de Vries' monumental Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte. In 1990, Polomé organized Perspectives on the Ancient Indo-European World, which was an

masks:
Polomé
Polomé
Polomé
Colin Renfrew
Polomé
Polomé
Polomé
Christie
Polomé


texts:
 international seminar funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities. In the following years, Polomé authored and edited a number of works on historical linguistics, including Research Guide to Language Change (1990), and Reconstructing Languages and Cultures (1992). A second Festschrift for Polomé was published in two volumes as part of the JIES monograph series in 1991.Polomé suffered a stroke in 1993, and was left paralyzed on his left side. He retired from his administrative duties as professor emeritus in 1997, but nevertheless remained a prolific author and editor. Personal life
Polomé married Julia Schwindt in on July 22, 1944. They had two children, <mask> and Monique <mask> Ellsworth. Julia died on May 27, 1975. On July 11, 1980 Polomé married Barbara Baker Harris. They divorced on January 29, 1990.On February 8, 1991 <mask> married his third wife Sharon Looper Rankin, with whom he lived until his death. <mask> died of osteosarcoma at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas, on March 11, 2000. He was survived by his wife Sharon, his son Andre, his daughter Monique, two grandchildren, and two great-grandchildren. A third Festschrift intended for <mask>'s 80th birthday, was published posthumously as a gedenkschrift in three volumes. Selected works

 (Contributor) Evidence for Laryngeals, Mouton & Co., 1965. (Contributor) Ancient Indo-European Dialects, University of California Press, 1966. Swahili Language Handbook, Center for Applied Linguistics, 1967.(Contributor) Language Problems of

masks:
Andre Polomé
Polomé
Polomé
Polomé
Polomé


texts:
 Developing Nations, Wiley, 1968. (Editor and Contributor) Old Norse Literature and Mythology: A Symposium, University of Texas Press, 1969. (Contributor) Indo-European and Indo-Europeans, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1970. (Contributor) Myth and Law among the Indo-Europeans, University of California Press, 1970. (Contributor) Language Use and Social Change, Oxford University Press, 1971. (Contributor) Pidginization and Creolization of Languages, Cambridge University Press, 1971. (Contributor)  Toward a Grammar of Proto-Germanic, Niemeyer, 1972.(Contributor) Myth in Indo-European Antiquity, University of California Press, 1974. (Co-editor with <mask>) Proceedings of the 1974 Annual Meeting of the Southwest Conference on Asian Studies, S.W.C.A.S., 1975. (Co-editor with Sirarpi Ohannessian and <mask>, and Contributor) Language Surveys in the Developing Nations, Center for Applied Linguistics, 1975. (Co-editor with M. A. Jazayery and Winter) Linguistic and Literary Studies in Honor of Archibald A. Hill, Peter de Ridder, 1976. (Co-editor with <mask>) Proceedings of the 1975 Annual Meeting of the Southwest Conference on Asian Studies, S.W.C.A.S., 1976
 (Editor) Proceedings of the 1976 Annual Meeting of the Southwest Conference on Asian Studies, Austin College Press, 1977
 (Editor) Proceedings of the 1977 Annual Meeting of the Southwest Conference on Asian Studies, S.A.R.C., 1978
 (Editor and Contributor) Man and the Ultimate: A Symposium, American Oriental Society, 1980. (Co-editor with C. P. Hill, and Contributor) Language in

masks:
Alfred Collins
Charles Ferguson
Alfred Collins


texts: Tanzania, Oxford University Press, 1980. (Editor and Contributor) The Indo-Europeans in the Fourth and Third Millennia, Karoma, 1982.Language, Society and Paleoculture (Essays), Stanford University Press, 1982. (Editor) Homage to Georges Dumézil, Institute for the Study of Man, 1982. (Editor and Contributor) Essays in Memory of Karl Kerényi, Institute for the Study of Man, 1984. (Co-editor with Sysan Nacev Skomal, and Contributor) Proto-Indo-European: the Archaeology of a Linguistic Problem: Studies in Honor of Marija Gimbutas, Institute for the Study of Man, 1987. Essays on Germanic Religion, Institute for the Study of Man, 1989. (Editor) Research Guide on Language Change, Mouton de Gruyter, 1990. (Co-editor with Werner Winter) Reconstructing Languages and Cultures, Mouton de Gruyter, 1992.(Contributor) Proceedings of the Seventh Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference, Los Angeles 1995, Institute for the Study of Man, 1995. (Editor and Contributor) Indo-European Religion after Dumézil, Institute for the Study of Man, 1996. (Co-editor and Contributor) Studies in Honor of Jaan Puhvel, Institute for the Study of Man, 1997. (Co-editor with Miriam Robbins Dexter, and Contributor) "Varia" on the Indo-European Past: Papers in Memory of Marija Gimbutas, Institute for the Study of Man, 1997. (Co-editor with <mask>. Justus, and Contributor) Language Change and Typological Variation: in Honor of Wilfred P. Lehmann on the Occasion of his 83rd Birthday, Institute for the Study of Man, 1999. (Editor and Contributor) Miscellanea Indo-Europea,


texts:
<mask>   (born October 26, 1936) and <mask>   (born October 8, 1936) are a British married couple who are evolutionary biologists at Princeton University. Each currently holds the position of emeritus professor. They are known for their work with Darwin's finches on Daphne Major, one of the Galápagos Islands. Since 1973, the <mask>s have spent six months of every year  capturing, tagging, and taking blood samples from finches on the island. They have worked to show that natural selection can be seen within a single lifetime, or even within a couple of years. Charles Darwin originally thought that natural selection was a long, drawn out process but the <mask>s have shown that these changes in populations can happen very quickly. In 1994, they were awarded the Leidy Award from the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.The Grants were the subject of the book The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time by Jonathan Weiner, which won the Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction in 1995. In 2003, the <mask>s were joint recipients of the Loye and Alden Miller Research Award. They won the 2005 Balzan Prize for Population Biology. The Balzan Prize citation states:
<mask> and <mask> are distinguished for their remarkable long-term studies demonstrating evolution in action in Galápagos finches. They have demonstrated how very rapid changes in body and beak size in response to changes in the food supply are driven by natural selection. They have also elucidated the mechanisms by which new species arise and how genetic diversity is maintained in natural populations. The work of the Grants has had a seminal influence in the fields of population biology,

masks:
Peter Raymond Grant
Barbara Rosemary Grant
Grant
Grant
Grant
Peter
Rosemary Grant


texts:
 evolution, and ecology.The <mask>s are both Fellows of the Royal Society, <mask> in 1987, and <mask> in 2007. In 2008 the <mask>s were among the thirteen recipients of the Darwin-Wallace Medal, which is bestowed every fifty years by the Linnean Society of London. In 2009 they were recipients of the annual Kyoto Prize in basic sciences, an international award honouring significant contributions to the scientific, cultural and spiritual betterment of mankind. In 2017, they received the Royal Medal in Biology "for their research on the ecology and evolution of Darwin’s finches on the Galapagos, demonstrating that natural selection occurs frequently and that evolution is rapid as a result". Early years

As young children, <mask> and <mask> were both fascinated with the world around them and the animals that inhabited their environments. Their curiosity helped shape them as scientists. <mask> <mask> was born in Arnside, England in 1936.She grew up enjoying the diversity of her surroundings; she collected plant fossils and compared them to living look-alikes. At age 12, she read Darwin's On the Origin of Species. Despite what teachers told her at school, she was destined to go to university to obtain a degree. She graduated from the University of Edinburgh with a degree in Zoology in 1960. For the next year, she studied genetics under Conrad Waddington and then devised a dissertation to study isolated populations of fish. This project was put on hold when she accepted a biology teaching job at the University of British Columbia, where she met <mask>. <mask> <mask> was born in 1936 in London, but relocated to the English countryside to avoid bombings during World War

masks:
Grant
Peter
Rosemary
Grant
Rosemary
Peter
Barbara Rosemary
Grant
Peter Grant
Peter Raymond
Grant


texts:
 II.He attended school at the Surrey-Hampshire border where he collected insects and studied flowers. He attended the University of Cambridge, then moved to Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and began work on a doctoral degree in Zoology at the University of British Columbia. A few days after beginning his research he met <mask>; they were married a year later. Education and career

<mask>
 BA (Hons) – Cambridge University- 1960
 PhD – University of British Columbia- 1964
 Post-doctoral fellowship – Yale University- 1964–1965
 Assistant Professor – McGill University- 1965–1968
 Associate Professor – McGill University- 1968–1973
 Full Professor – McGill University- 1973–1977
 Professor – University of Michigan- 1977–1985
 Visiting Professor – Uppsala and Lund University	– 1981, 1985
 Professor – Princeton University- 1985
 Class of 1877 Professor of Zoology- Princeton University- 1989
 Professor of Zoology Emeritus – Princeton University- 2008

<mask>
 BSc (Hons), University of Edinburgh, 1960
 PhD (Evolutionary Biology), Uppsala University, 1985
 Research Associate, Yale University, 1964
 Research Associate, McGill University, 1973
 Research Associate, University of Michigan, 1977
 Research Scholar and lecturer, Princeton University, 1985
 Senior Research Scholar with rank of Professor, Princeton University, 1997
 Senior Research Scholar with rank of Professor Emeritus, Princeton University, 2008

Research

For his doctoral degree, <mask> studied the relationship between ecology and evolution and how they were interrelated. The <mask>s travelled to the Tres Marias Islands off Mexico to conduct field studies of the birds that inhabited the island. They compared

masks:
Rosemary
Peter Grant
Rosemary Grant
Peter Grant
Grant


texts: the differences of bill length to body size between populations living on the Islands and the nearby mainland. Of the birds studied, eleven species were not significantly different between the mainland and the islands; four species were significantly less variable on the islands, and one species was significantly more variable.On average, the birds on the islands had larger beaks. The <mask>s attributed these differences to what foods were available, and what was available was dependent on competitors. The bigger beaks indicated a greater range of foods present in the environment. In 1965, <mask> accepted tenure at McGill University in Montreal. He created a method to test the Competition Hypothesis to see if it worked today as it did in the past. This research was done on grassland voles and woodland mice. The study looked at the competitiveness between populations of rodents and among rodent species.In his article "Interspecific Competition Among Rodents", he concluded that competitive interaction for space is common among many rodent species, not just the species that have been studied in detail. <mask> also states that there are many causes for increased competition: reproduction, resources, amount of space, and invasion of other species. Daphne Major, in the Galápagos Islands, was a perfect place to perform experiments and study changes within birds. It was isolated and uninhabited; any changes that were to occur to the land and environment would be due to natural forces with no human destruction. The island provided the best environment to study natural selection; seasons of heavy rain switched to seasons of extended drought. With these environmental

masks:
Grant
Peter Grant
Grant


texts: changes brought changes in the types of foods available to the birds. The <mask>s would study this for the next few decades of their lives.In 1973, the <mask>s headed out on what they thought would be a two-year study on the island of Daphne Major. There they would study evolution and ultimately determine what drives the formation of new species. There are thirteen species of finch that live on the island; five of these are tree finch, one warbler finch, one vegetarian finch, and six species of ground finch. These birds provide a great way to study adaptive radiation. Their beaks are specific to the type of diet they eat, which in turn is reflective of the food available. The finches are easy to catch and provide a good animal to study. The Grants tagged, labelled, measured, and took blood samples of the birds they were studying.The two-year study continued through 2012. During the rainy season of 1977 only 24 millimetres of rain fell. Two of the main finch species were hit exceptionally hard and many of them died. The lack of rain caused major food sources to become scarce, causing the need to find alternative food sources. The smaller, softer seeds ran out, leaving only the larger, tougher seeds. The finch species with smaller beaks struggled to find alternate seeds to eat. The following two years suggested that natural selection could happen very rapidly.Because the smaller finch species could not eat the large seeds, they died off. Finches with larger beaks were able to eat the seeds and reproduce. The population in the years following the drought in 1977 had "measurably larger" beaks than had the previous birds. In 1981, the Grants came across a bird they

masks: Grant Grant


texts: had never seen before. It was heavier than the other ground finches by more than five grams. They called this bird Big Bird. It had many different characteristics than those of the native finches: a strange call, extra glossy feathers, it could eat both large and small seeds, and could also eat the nectar, pollen, and seeds of the cacti that grow on the island.Although hybrids do happen, many of the birds living on the island tend to stick within their own species. Big Bird lived for thirteen years, initially interbreeding with local species. His descendants have only mated within themselves for the past thirty years, a total of seven generations. Big Blue was originally assumed to  be an immigrant from the island of Santa Cruz. However, in 2015, whole genome analysis linked its descent to a bird that originated on Española Island, more than 100 kilometers from Daphne Major, the Española cactus finch (G. conirostris). Descendants of G. conirostris and local finches (G. fortis) have become a distinct species, the first example of speciation to be directly observed by scientists in the field. Whole genome studies have enabled scientists to trace changes in the genome as the species became distinct.Genes for beak shape (ALX1) and beak size (HMGA2) have been determined to be crucial in separating the hybridized species from local finches. Genes relating to the finches' song may also be involved. Over the course of 1982–1983, El Niño brought a steady eight months of rain. In a normal rainy season Daphne Major usually gets two months of rain. The excessive rain brought a turnover in the types of vegetation growing on the island. The seeds shifted from large, hard to


texts:
 crack seeds to many different types of small, softer seeds. This gave birds with smaller beaks an advantage when another drought hit the following year.Small-beaked finch could eat all of the small seeds faster than the larger beaked birds could get to them. In 2003, a drought similar in severity to the 1977 drought occurred on the island. However, in the time between the droughts (beginning in late 1982), the large ground finch (Geospiza magnirostris) had established a breeding population on the island. This species has diet overlap with the medium ground finch (G. fortis), so they are potential competitors. The 2003 drought and resulting decrease in food supply may have increased these species' competition with each other, particularly for the larger seeds in the medium ground finches' diet. Following the drought, the medium ground finch population had a decline in average beak size, in contrast to the increase in size found following the 1977 drought. This was hypothesized to be due to the presence of the large ground finch; the smaller-beaked individuals of the medium ground finch may have been able to survive better due to a lack of competition over large seeds with the large ground finch.This is an example of character displacement. Significant findings
In Evolution: Making Sense of Life, the takeaway from the Grants' 40-year study can be broken down into three major lessons. The first is that natural selection is a variable, constantly changing process. The fact that they studied the island in both times of excessive rain and drought provides a better picture of what happens to populations over time. The next lesson learned is that evolution can actually


texts:
 be a fairly rapid process. It does not take millions of years; these processes can be seen in as little as two years. Lastly, and as the author states, most importantly, selection can change over time.During some years, selection will favour those birds with larger beaks. Other years with substantial amounts of smaller seeds, selection will favour the birds with the smaller beaks. In their 2003 paper, the Grants wrap up their decades-long study by stating that selection oscillates in a direction. For this reason, neither the medium ground finch nor the cactus finch has stayed morphologically the same over the course of the experiment. The average beak and body size are not the same today for either species as they were when the study first began. The Grants also state that these changes in morphology and phenotypes could not have been predicted at the beginning. They were able to witness the evolution of the finch species as a result of the inconsistent and harsh environment of Daphne Major directly.Received jointly
 2017 Royal Medal, Royal Society
 2009 Kyoto Prize, Inamori Foundation
 2009 Darwin-Wallace Medal, Linnean Society of London
 2006 Municipality of Puerto Rico Ayora Science Award
 2005 Balzan Prize for Population Biology
 2005 Outstanding Scientists Award, American Institute of Biological Sciences
 2003 Grinnell Award, University of California at Berkeley
 2003 Loye and Alden Miller Award, Cooper Ornithological Society
 2002 Darwin Medal, Royal Society
 1998 E.O. Wilson Prize, American Society of Naturalists
 1994 Leidy Medal, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

Books
 Evolutionary Dynamics of a Natural Population: Large Cactus Finch of the


texts:
 Galapagos – Rosemary & Peter <mask> – (University of Chicago Press, 1989)  (Received the Wildlife Publication Award, Wildlife Society, 1991)
 How and Why Species Multiply: The Radiation of Darwin’s Finches – Peter & Rosemary <mask> – (Princeton University Press,2008/2011)
  40 Years of Evolution: Darwin's Finches on Daphne Major Island – Peter & Rosemary <mask> – (Princeton University Press,2014)

The <mask>s were the subject of the book The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time by Jonathan Weiner (Alfred A. Knopf, 1994), , which won the Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction in 1995. References

Education, accolades, joint awards, and publishing were cited from the International Balzan Prize Foundation bibliography (13)

External links

<mask>'s webpage
<mask>'s webpage
Royal Medal 2017

Living people
Married couples
Evolutionary biologists
British ecologists
Princeton University faculty
Kyoto laureates in Basic Sciences
Fellows of the Royal Society
British expatriates in the United States
University of Michigan faculty
Members of the American Philosophical Society
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
Year of birth missing (living people)
Female Fellows of the Royal Society

de:<mask> Raymond Grant
ru:Грант, Питер

masks:
Grant
Grant
Grant
Grant
Peter Grant
Rosemary Grant
Peter


texts:
<mask>  (born 20 February 1990) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Serie A club Lazio and the Italy national team. Immobile began his career at Sorrento. In 2009, he was purchased by Juventus, and was later loaned out to three Serie B clubs, including Pescara, with whom he won the league title as the top-scorer, before moving to Genoa in 2012. After a season with the club, he moved to Juventus' rivals Torino. At Torino, he won the Capocannoniere award for the top scorer in Serie A. After his breakout season at Torino, he was sold to German club Borussia Dortmund for around €18 million in 2014, where he won the DFL-Supercup, before moving to Spanish club Sevilla in 2015. In 2016, he returned to Torino on loan, and was later sold to Lazio in July of that year.In his second season at Lazio, he won the Capocannoniere for a second time, with 29 goals in 33 games. The 2019–20 season was the most prolific of Immobile's career; he equalled the record for most Serie A goals in a season with 36, and won a third Capocannoniere title and first European Golden Shoe, given to the top scorer in Europe. Immobile has also won a Coppa Italia and two Supercoppa Italiana titles with Lazio. He is currently Lazio's highest all-time leading goalscorer. Immobile made his debut for the Italian national team in 2014, and was included in the squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, UEFA Euro 2016, and UEFA Euro 2020, winning the latter tournament. Club career

Sorrento and Juventus
Born in Torre Annunziata, in the province of Naples, Immobile began his youth career in the football school


texts:
 "Torre Annunziata '88", before transferring to "Maria Rosa" and finally the youth team of Salernitana, where however, he failed to emerge. He later joined Sorrento, with whom he scored 30 goals in the under-17 during the 2007–08 season, including a brace against Torino, impressing the observers of Juventus.In 2008, he was signed at the age of 18 for €80,000 by Juventus under the recommendation of <mask> Ferrara. He went on to play with the Primavera formation. Immobile joined the Primavera squad in 2009, where he formed a striking partnership with Ayub Daud, that led the squad to win the 2009 Torneo di Viareggio, where he scored a total five goals; two of which came in the final. On 14 March 2009, <mask> made his Serie A debut in a 4–1 home win against Bologna, replacing Juventus' captain Alessandro Del Piero in the 89th minute. On 25 November 2009, <mask> also made his debut in a European competition, once again as a second-half substitute for Del Piero in a Champions League game against Bordeaux. In February 2010, he scored a hat-trick against Empoli in the 2010 Torneo di Viareggio final to seal the title for a second consecutive season. Loans to Siena and Grosseto
On 1 July 2010, Immobile, along with teammate Luca Marrone, were sent on loan to recently relegated Serie B side A.C. Siena.In exchange for the two loans, Juventus acquired Niccolò Giannetti, Leonardo Spinazzola, and Austrian midfielder Marcel Büchel on loan from the Tuscan club. Immobile never broke into the first team, however, and in January 2011, he left Siena, after just 4 appearances and 1 goal. Following his

masks: Ciro Immobile Immobile


texts:
 departure from Siena, he was immediately loaned by Juventus to Grosseto, another Serie B club for the remainder of the 2010–11 Serie B season. Loan to Pescara
On 17 August 2011, it was announced that Immobile would join Serie B club Pescara on a season-long loan from Juventus. He scored his first goal for the club on 26 August during his debut for Pescara in the first league match against Hellas Verona. By the end of the 2011–12 Serie B andata (first half of the season), Immobile had already scored 14 league goals. On 30 January 2012, Genoa confirmed that they had paid €4 million for half of the player's rights from Juventus, following his mercurial form in Serie B.He completed his season with Pescara in the Italian second division, as the club won the league title and sealed promotion to Serie A. He also went on to become the Serie B season's top scorer with a total of 28 goals, seven more than the second-highest scorer, Juve Stabia's Marco Sau. Immobile was also named Serie B's Player of the Year at the 2012 AIC Gran Gala del Calcio, alongside teammates Lorenzo Insigne and Marco Verratti. Genoa
Immobile formally became a Genoa player on 1 July 2012 after the loan with Pescara expired. On 19 June 2013, Genoa and Juventus again renewed the co-ownership agreements of Immobile and Boakye. Torino
On 12 July 2013 Juventus bought Genoa's half of Immobile for €2.75 million. On the same day he was sold to city-rivals Torino under a new co-ownership deal for €2.75 million.He made his debut for Torino during the first round of the Coppa Italia against former club Pescara, scoring his first goal


texts:
 of the season. He provided an assist in his Serie A debut for the club, but did not score until 7 October in a 2–2 draw against Sampdoria. Previously, Immobile had failed to score in Serie A since December 2012. The goal signalled a run of form for Immobile, with the player scoring a further 12 goals in his next 15 matches, including his first brace in Serie A during a game against Chievo Verona in December. On 22 March 2014, Immobile scored his first Serie A hat-trick, in a 3–1 win against Livorno. Three days later, he scored a spectacular volley with his left foot against Roma, temporarily bringing the Granata level at the Stadio Olimpico. On 6 April, he scored the winning goal against Catania in a 2–1 victory.On 13 April, Genoa were leading 1–0, when Immobile and Alessio Cerci both scored in stoppage time to give Torino a 2–1 win. He scored again in the following round in a 3–3 draw away to Lazio. On 27 April, Immobile scored for the sixth consecutive match in a 2–0 defeat of Udinese. This took him to 21 goals in the season, equaling the seasonal goal records of Paolo Pulici and Francesco Graziani at Torino. On 11 May, Immobile scored in the penultimate fixture of the season against Parma, but was sent off in the second half and suspended for the final match against Fiorentina. He concluded his season with 22 goals in 33 appearances, plus one goal in the Coppa Italia. He became the first Torino player to win the Capocannoniere since Francesco Graziani in the 1976–77 season.Borussia Dortmund

On 2 June 2014 Bundesliga club Borussia Dortmund announced the signing of Immobile, despite


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 the co-ownership agreement between Torino and Juventus not being resolved. Urbano Cairo, the president of Torino, accused Juventus and Dortmund of violating FIFA regulation regarding transfer on 10 May 2014, which FIGC also states that such transfers must have mutual consent of the co-owners. Cairo also wanted to keep Immobile for at least a season for sports and for profit. On 18 June 2014, Juventus sold the remaining 50% registration rights of Immobile to Torino for €8.035 million. Torino later revealed in its financial filing, that the transfer fee to the German side was €17.955 million. On 13 August 2014, Immobile made his official debut for Dortmund as a striker in the starting line up for the 2014 DFL-Supercup against Bayern Munich. The match ended in Borussia lifting the cup by the score of 2–0.Immobile made his Bundesliga debut on 23 August in the opening match of Dortmund's 2014–15 Bundesliga campaign which saw them lose 2–0 to Bayer Leverkusen at home. On 16 September 2014, Immobile scored his first goal for the club, opening a 2–0 home win over Arsenal in the group stages of the Champions League. He scored four goals in six Champions League matches, in a 3–0 away win over Anderlecht, in a 4–1 home win over Galatasaray and in a 1–1 home draw vs Anderlecht, with Borussia qualifying as first from the group. On 17 December 2014, Immobile assisted the first goal and scored the second on a 2–2 home draw with Wolfsburg. Sevilla

On 12 July 2015, Immobile joined Sevilla on a season-long loan after scoring just three goals in the league in his first season at Borussia Dortmund, with


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 a total 10 goals in 34 matches across all competitions. Sevilla also had an option to sign him outright. He made his debut for the club on 11 August 2015, coming off the bench to replace Kevin Gameiro in the 80th minute of the 2015 UEFA Super Cup final, against Barcelona, and assisting Yevhen Konoplyanka's temporary equaliser to send the match into extra-time; Barcelona went on to win the match 5–4.On 31 July 2015, <mask> was stretchered off the pitch wearing an oxygen mask and a neck brace after playing just five minutes in a friendly against Watford at Vicarage Road after clashing heads with an opponent. He was taken to the hospital for tests and was in recovering condition. It was later determined his nasal septum ruptured, which looked like a major injury, but turned out to be only minor. On 8 November 2015, <mask> scored his first goal for Sevilla in the 36th minute as they emerged victorious in a 3–2 La Liga home win over Real Madrid. In November, the obligation to buy clause was exercised when Immobile made his fifth appearance, buying him outright for €11 million plus the €3 million for the loan spell. Loan to Torino
On 14 January 2016, Immobile returned to Torino on loan until the end of 2015–16 season. Two days later on his return debut, he scored the opening goal of a 4–2 home victory over Frosinone.On 14 February, he scored a brace, in a 3–1 win away against Palermo. On 22 March, it was determined he sustained a muscular injury at the half time mark in a derby with Juventus two days prior, and would be sidelined for a month. Lazio
On 27 July 2016, <mask> signed with Lazio

masks: Immobile Immobile Immobile


texts: for a fee of €8.75 million (plus €700,000 commission to agents). On 21 August, Immobile scored on his debut in Lazio's opening match of a 4–3 away win over Atalanta. <mask> finished the season with 23 league goals in 36 appearances plus 3 goals in the Coppa Italia, surpassing his total when he won the Capocannoniere with Torino in the 2013–14 season, though this time he did not win the Capocannoniere, losing it to Bosnian striker Edin Džeko of cross-town rivals Roma, who scored 29 league goals. On 13 August 2017, Immobile scored the opening two goals of the Supercoppa Italiana; Lazio won with a final score of 3–2 over Juventus. On 10 September, in Lazio's third match of the season, he scored a hat-trick and got an assist in a 4–1 home win over Milan.On 21 October, Immobile extended with Lazio until 2022. On 6 January 2018, Immobile scored four goals in the first half away to SPAL, the first Lazio player to score multiple hat-tricks in a season in 16 years; Lazio eventually won the match 5–2. On 22 February 2018, Immobile scored a hat-trick in the Europa League round of 32 second leg home to Steaua București in a 5–1 win, which allowed Lazio to qualify, 5–2 on aggregate, to the round of 16. On 31 March 2018, <mask> scored twice in Lazio's 6–2 home win over Benevento, his 36th goal of the season, breaking Giorgio Chinaglia's previous record for most goals scored by a Lazio player in a single season, by two goals. Immobile ended the season with 29 goals in 33 appearances, winning the Capocannoniere jointly with Inter's Mauro Icardi. On 3 November 2019, he scored his 100th goal for Lazio

masks: Immobile Immobile


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 in a 2–1 away win over Milan. On 26 July 2020, Immobile scored a hat-trick in a 5–1 win against Hellas Verona.Immobile finished the season with 36 goals, winning the Capocannoniere and equaling Gino Rossetti and Gonzalo Higuaín's all-time record for most goals in a Serie A season. He also won the European Golden Shoe for the first time in his career, becoming the first Italian player or player from Serie A to win the award since Francesco Totti in 2007. Moreover, he set a new record for most penalties scored in a single Serie A season, with 14. On 31 August 2020, Immobile signed a five-year contract extension with Lazio. On 20 October 2020, he scored a goal in a 3–1 win over his former club Borussia Dortmund in the 2020–21 UEFA Champions League. On 12 May 2021, in injury time, Immobile scored the only goal of a 1–0 home win over Parma in Serie A; this was his 150th goal for Lazio across all competitions, making him the club's highest all-time leading goalscorer, surpassing Silvio Piola, with 149.

International career

On 2 March 2014, he received his first call-up to the senior national team by Cesare Prandelli, for a friendly match against Spain three days later. He made his debut as a substitute for Alessio Cerci after 69 minutes as Spain eventually won 1–0.On 13 May 2014, <mask> was named in Italy's provisional 30-man squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, and on 1 June he was named in the final 23-man squad. On 8 June, he scored a hat-trick in Italy's final World Cup warm-up match, a 5–3 unofficial win over Brazilian club side Fluminense. <mask> made his competitive debut in Italy's


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 opening 2–1 win over England in Manaus on 14 June, playing the last 17 minutes in place of Mario Balotelli who scored the Italian winner. He scored his first official international goal in the third minute of a 2–0 friendly victory against the Netherlands on 4 September 2014. On 31 May 2016, Immobile was named to Antonio Conte's 23-man Italy squad for UEFA Euro 2016. In June 2021, he was included in Italy's squad for UEFA Euro 2020 by manager Roberto Mancini. In the opening match of the tournament on 11 June, he scored Italy's second goal and assisted Insigne for his team's final goal in a 3–0 win over Turkey.In the following group match on 16 June, he scored Italy's third goal in a 3–0 win over Switzerland. In the semi-final against Spain on 6 July, he assisted the opening goal scored in the second half by Federico Chiesa, of a 1–1 draw, before being substituted by Domenico Berardi; after extra-time, Italy advanced to the final of the tournament following a 4–2 penalty shoot-out victory. On 11 July, Immobile won the European Championship with Italy following a 3–2 penalty shoot-out victory over England at Wembley Stadium in the final, after a 1–1 draw in extra-time; Immobile started the match, but was once again replaced by Berardi during the second half of regulation time. Style of play
Although primarily a main striker, Immobile is capable of playing anywhere along the front-line. A quick forward, Immobile is primarily known for his offensive movement off the ball, as well as his ability to make attacking runs and exploit spaces. His main characteristics are his eye for goal and


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 finishing ability with either foot, as well as his physical attributes; he also possesses solid technique, and is effective in the air. In addition to his offensive capabilities and goalscoring ability, he is also a hard-working player, known for his willingness to chase down the ball and press opponents when not in possession; he also possesses good link-up play, which enables him to provide assists for teammates, in addition to scoring goals himself.He is also an accurate penalty taker. A prolific goalscorer, he is considered by pundits to be one of the best strikers in the world. Personal life
In June 2013, Immobile welcomed a daughter with long-time girlfriend, Jessica Melena. In May 2014, Immobile and Melena married. Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list Italy's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Immobile goal. players
A.C.N. Siena 1904 players
F.C.Grosseto S.S.D. players
Delfino Pescara 1936 players
Genoa C.F.C. players
Torino F.C. players
Borussia Dortmund players
Sevilla FC players
S.S. Lazio players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Bundesliga players
La Liga players
Competitors at the 2009 Mediterranean Games
2014 FIFA World Cup players
UEFA Euro 2016 players
UEFA Euro 2020 players
Mediterranean Games silver medalists for Italy
Mediterranean Games medalists in football
Italian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Germany
Expatriate footballers in Spain
Italian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Italian expatriate sportspeople in Spain
UEFA European Championship-winning players
Knights of the Order of Merit of the


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<mask>, known as <mask>ve until he gave up his title (11 October 1805 in Munich, Bavaria – 21 August 1870 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary), was a German surgeon, politician, lawyer and publicist, and a revolutionary during the German revolutions of 1848–1849 in Baden Germany. He also spent over a decade in the United States and was active there as a reformer. Early years
Struve was born in Munich the son of a Russian diplomat <mask>, whose family came from the lesser nobility. His father <mask>, after whom he was named, had served as Russian Staff Councilor at the Russian Embassy in Warsaw, Munich and The Hague, and later was the Royal Russian Ambassador at the Badonian court in Karlsruhe. The younger <mask> grew up and went to school in Munich, then studied law at universities in Göttingen and Heidelberg. For a short time (from 1829 to 1831) he was employed in the civil service in Oldenburg, then moved to Baden in 1833 where in 1836 he settled down to work as a lawyer in Mannheim. In Baden, Struve also entered politics by standing up for the liberal members of the Baden parliament in news articles.His point of view headed more and more in a radical democratic, early socialist direction. As editor of the Mannheimer Journal, he was repeatedly condemned to imprisonment. He was compelled in 1846 to retire from the management of this paper. In 1845, Struve married Amalie Düsar on 16 November 1845 and in 1847 he dropped the aristocratic "von" from his surname due to his democratic ideals. He also gave attention to phrenology, and published three books on the subject. Pre-revolutionary period
During Vormärz, the years between the Congress of Vienna in 1815 and the revolutions of 1848-49,

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Gustav Struve
Gustav von Stru
Johann Christoph Gustav von Struve
Gustav
Gustav Struve


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 Struve was strongly against the politics of Metternich, a strict Conservative and reactionary against the democratic movement who ruled Austria at the time and had a strong influence on restoration Germany with his Congress system. The revolution begins
Along with Friedrich Hecker, whom he had met in Mannheim, Struve took on a leading role in the revolutions in Baden (see History of Baden) beginning with the Hecker Uprising, also accompanied by his wife Amalie.Both Hecker and Struve belonged to the radical democratic, anti-monarchist wing of the revolutionaries. In Baden their group was particularly strong in number, with many political societies being founded in the area. When the revolution broke out, Struve published a demand for a federal republic, to include all Germany, but this was rejected by "Pre-Parliament" (Vorparlament), the meeting of politicians and other important German figures which later became the Frankfurt Parliament. Dreams of a federal Germany
Struve wanted to spread his radical dreams for a federal Germany across the country, starting in southwest Germany, and accompanied by Hecker and other revolutionary leaders. They organised the meeting of a revolutionary assembly in Konstanz on 14 April 1848. From there, the Heckerzug (Hecker's column) was to join up with another revolutionary group led by the poet Georg Herwegh and march to Karlsruhe. Few people joined in the march, however, and it was headed off in the Black Forest by troops from Frankfurt.Hecker and Struve fled to Switzerland, where Struve continued to plan the struggle. He published Die Grundrechte des deutschen Volkes (The Basic Rights of the German People) and made a "Plan for the Revolution


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 and Republicanisation of Germany" along with the revolutionary playwright and journalist Karl Heinzen. On 21 September 1848 he made another attempt to start an uprising in Germany, in Lörrach. Once again it failed, and this time Struve was caught and imprisoned. May Uprising in Baden
Struve was freed during the May Uprising in Baden in 1849. Grand Duke Leopold of Baden fled and on 1 June 1849 Struve helped set up a provisionary republican parliament under the liberal politician Lorenz Brentano. Prince Wilhelm of Prussia, later to become Wilhelm I of Germany, set out for Baden with troops.Afraid of a military escalation, Brentano reacted hesitantly - too hesitantly for Struve and his followers, who overthrew him. The revolutionaries took up arms and, led by Ludwik Mieroslawski, tried to hold off the Prussian troops, who far outnumbered them. On 23 July the revolutionaries were defeated after a fierce battle at Rastatt and the revolution came to an end. Post-revolutionary life
<mask>, along with other revolutionaries, managed to escape execution, fleeing to exile, first in Switzerland and then in 1851 to the US. In the USA, Struve lived for a time in Philadelphia. He edited Der Deutsche Zuschauer (The German Observer) in New York City, but soon discontinued its publication because of insufficient support. He wrote several novels and a drama in German, and then in 1852 undertook, with the assistance of his wife, the composition of a universal history from the standpoint of radical republicanism.The result, Weltgeschichte (World History), was published in 1860. It was the major literary product of his career and the result of 30 years of study. From 1858 to 1859, he edited Die


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 Sociale Republik. He also promoted German public schools in New York City. In 1856, he supported John Frémont for U.S. president. In 1860, he supported Abraham Lincoln. At the start of the 1860s, Struve joined in the American Civil War in the Union Army, a captain under Blenker, and one of the many German emigrant soldiers known as the Forty-Eighters.He resigned a short time later to avoid serving under Blenker's successor, the Prussian Prince Felix Salm-Salm. <mask> was an abolitionist, and opposed plans to create a colony of freed slaves in Liberia because he thought it would hinder the abolition of slavery in the United States. Return to Germany
He never became naturalized since he felt his primary objective was to battle the despots of Europe. In 1863, a general amnesty was issued to all those who had been involved in the revolutions in Germany, and Struve returned to Germany. His first wife had died in Staten Island in 1862. Back in Germany, he married a Frau von Centener. Lincoln appointed him U. S. consul at Sonneberg in 1865, but the Thuringian states refused to issue his exequatur due to his radical writings.On 21 August 1870 he died in Vienna where he had settled in 1869. Vegetarianism
Struve was a leading figure in the initial stage of the German vegetarian movement. He had become a vegetarian in 1832 under the influence of Rousseau's treatise Émile. Struve authored the first German vegetarian-themed novel, Mandaras Wanderungen in 1833. He founded the Vegetarische Gesellschaft Stuttgart (Stuttgart Vegetarian Society) in 1868. He wrote the vegetarian book Pflanzenkost, in 1869. Historian Corinna Treitel has noted that Struve linked "vegetarianism to republican self


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<mask>'<mask>. (born March 26, 1989) is an American football outside linebacker for the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL). <mask> played college football at Texas A&M, where he earned consensus All-American honors and was awarded the Butkus Award as the most outstanding college linebacker in the nation. He was drafted by the Denver Broncos second overall in the 2011 NFL Draft. Considered a lock for the Hall of Fame, <mask> is an eight-time Pro Bowl selection, receiving first-team All-Pro honors three times and second-team All-Pro honors four times. As of 2022, he has the most career sacks of any active player, and the most career sacks in Denver Broncos history, at 110.5. At the conclusion of the 2015 NFL season, <mask> was named Super Bowl MVP after the Broncos defeated the Carolina Panthers in Super Bowl 50. In 2021, <mask> was traded to the Los Angeles Rams.The Rams went on to win Super Bowl LVI, earning <mask> his second Super Bowl win. High school career
Born <mask>'Vsean <mask>. on March 26, 1989 in Dallas, he attended DeSoto High School in DeSoto, Texas, playing for the DeSoto Eagles high school football team and ran track. In his junior year, he recorded 37 tackles, 14 tackles for loss, 7 sacks and 12 quarterback hurries. As a senior, he was named the District 8-5A Defensive MVP after making 76 tackles, 14 tackles for loss and 6 sacks. He played with future Aggie teammate Cyrus Gray. In track & field, <mask> competed in events such as the 110m hurdles (PR of 14.38 s), triple jump (PR of 12.65 m), and javelin throw (PR of 37.24 m). Considered a four-star recruit by

masks:
Von B
Vsean Miller Jr
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Von B
Miller Jr
Miller


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 Rivals.com, <mask> was listed as the No.15 weakside defensive end in the nation in 2007. He chose Texas A&M over offers from Florida, Ole Miss, Oklahoma and Texas Tech. College career
<mask> attended Texas A&M University, where he played for the Texas A&M Aggies football team from 2007 to 2010. As a freshman at defensive end in 2007, he was named Freshman All-Big 12 by The Sporting News after posting 22 tackles, including 10 solo stops. He recorded two sacks, four tackles for loss, and a forced fumble. He played in a 4-2-5 defense. He weighed 220 pounds during his freshman year.In Spring 2008, newly hired head coach Mike Sherman was discouraged by <mask>'s habits of skipping class and failing to produce during practice. Sherman decided to suspend <mask> for that spring. Disappointed, <mask> considered transferring, but upon his father's insistence, stayed. <mask> then adopted a more serious attitude. As a sophomore in 2008, <mask> played at weakside linebacker under Joe Kines's 4–3 defense. He saw action in all 12 games, making 44 tackles, including 25 solo stops, and leading the team with 3.5 sacks. He made 7.5 tackles for loss, forced two fumbles, and recovered two more.His role was more confined to pass coverage, as opposed to rushing the quarterback, thus he wasn't able to showcase his pass-rushing abilities. In the final seven Big 12 games, he compiled just eight tackles. As a junior in 2009, <mask> adopted the role of the jack position, a defensive end/linebacker hybrid, which allowed him to utilize his pass rushing abilities. He enjoyed a breakout season for the Aggies, leading the nation in

masks: Miller Miller Miller Miller Miller Miller Miller Miller


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 sacks with 17 and ranking fourth in the nation with 21 tackles for loss. For his efforts, <mask> was named first team All Big-12 at defensive end and was named a first-team All-American by Sporting News and Sports Illustrated. He became the first Aggie to be named a first team All-American since Jason Webster in 1999. Then-Aggies defensive coordinator Joe Kines compared <mask> to the late Derrick Thomas.<mask> then studied and watched film of Thomas to familiarize himself with his game. As a senior in 2010, <mask> switched to playing as a 3–4 outside linebacker under Tim DeRuyter's defense. Early in the season, <mask> suffered a high ankle sprain that held him back for the first six games. He posted 10.5 sacks and 17.5 tackles for loss. Again he made first-team All-Big 12 honors and won the Butkus Award as the nation's top linebacker. He was also named a consensus first-team All-American. He received first team All-American honors from Walter Camp, Scout.com, Pro Football Weekly, ESPN.com and the Associated Press.<mask> graduated with a degree in poultry science and raises chickens in his spare time. Collegiate statistics

Professional career
<mask> was projected to be a second round pick in the 2010 NFL Draft had he passed on his senior season. He entered the 2011 NFL Draft regarded as one of the best 3–4 outside linebackers available by NFL draft experts and scouts and was projected to be a top five draft pick. At the 2011 Senior Bowl, <mask> was the Defensive MVP. Among linebackers at the 2011 NFL Combine, <mask> ranked 2nd in the 40-yard dash, 3rd in the vertical jump, 1st in the broad jump, 3rd in

masks:
Von Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller


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 the 20-yard shuttle, T-1st in the 3-cone drill, and 1st in the 60-yard shuttle. His 11.15-second 60-yard shuttle broke the combine linebacker record. At the Texas A&M Pro Day in March 2011, <mask> ran a 4.49 40-yard dash.In March 2011, <mask> was selected to represent top flight rookies in the NFL Labor Union talks. He was persuaded by former NFL running back LaDainian Tomlinson to join the lawsuit. During the Texas A&M Pro Day one scout compared him to Hall of Famer Derrick Thomas, while Bengals defensive coordinator Mike Zimmer compared him to Cardinals linebacker Joey Porter. NFL Network Analyst Mike Mayock, who rated <mask> as the second-best player in the draft, stated that <mask> reminded him of a smaller version of DeMarcus Ware. <mask>'s then-personal trainer, Dan Brandenburg, who also worked with first round picks Clay Matthews III and Sean Weatherspoon, stated <mask> is the best athlete of all three. Denver Broncos
<mask> was drafted by the Denver Broncos second overall in the 2011 NFL Draft. He was the highest selected linebacker since LaVar Arrington went No.2 to the Washington Redskins in 2000. He also became the Aggies' highest draft pick since Quentin Coryatt, who was selected second overall in 1992. The selection of <mask> surprised certain experts. Denver was switching from a 3–4 defense to a 4–3, a defense which seemed counter-intuitive to <mask>'s strengths. Former Broncos quarterback John Elway, who is also the executive vice president of the franchise, said <mask> is "a type of guy that comes around every 10 years". On July 28, 2011, <mask> signed his rookie contract. He wore

masks: Miller Miller Miller Miller Miller Miller Miller Miller Miller Miller Miller


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 No.58 in honor of Pro Football Hall of Fame linebacker Derrick Thomas. 2011 season

On September 12, 2011, in his first career play from scrimmage, <mask> forced a fumble against the Oakland Raiders. On September 18, 2011, he had his first sack on Andy Dalton when the Broncos played the Cincinnati Bengals. <mask> was named the AFC Defensive Player of the Week for his Week 11 performance against the New York Jets. The Broncos made the playoffs and faced off against the Pittsburgh Steelers in the Wild Card Round. In his playoff debut, <mask> had three solo tackles and one quarterback hit in the 29–23 overtime victory. In the Divisional Round against the New England Patriots, he had two quarterback hits in the 45-10 loss.<mask> was selected to the 2012 Pro Bowl and was named AP Defensive Rookie of the Year. Overall, in 907 snaps, he recorded 11.5 sacks, 19 quarterback hits and 29 quarterback hurries. He was fined three times during the season. 2012 season

<mask> got off to a quick start in his second season, registering 10 sacks in nine games. In this period, he recorded 30 quarterback hurries, more than he had during his entire 2011 campaign. Thanks to this tremendous start, he was considered an MVP candidate. On November 16, he was fined $21,000 for a hit on Carolina Panthers quarterback Cam Newton in Week 10.He received his second career AFC Defensive Player of the Week honor after recording three sacks and two forced fumbles against the San Diego Chargers the following week. For his efforts during the month of November, he was awarded AFC Defensive Player of the Month. On December 26, 2012, he was

masks: Miller Miller Miller Miller Miller


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 announced the starting Outside Linebacker in the AFC division for the 2013 Pro Bowl. <mask> finished the season third in sacks with eighteen and a half, breaking a Denver Broncos record of seventeen previously held by Elvis Dumervil. He also capped off the 2012 season finishing second in voting for Defensive Player of the Year and being named first-team All-Pro. In the Divisional Round of the playoffs, <mask> had nine total tackles and two quarterback hits in the 38–35 2OT loss to the Baltimore Ravens. In 2012, <mask> teamed up with Ubisoft, makers of the video game The Hip Hop Dance Experience, to create his very own sack celebration dance called "The DeSoto Shuffle" that was inspired by the video game.Each time he performed the dance during a game, Ubisoft made a charitable donation to Von's Vision, a foundation devoted to providing eye care and glasses to underprivileged youth. 2013 season

Prior to the 2013 season, NFL Network listed <mask> as the 9th-ranked player in its NFL: The Top 100 Players of 2013 program, which is voted on by players in the NFL. In July 2013, ESPN reported that <mask> had been suspended four games for violating league policy, pending appeal. He tweeted that he did "nothing wrong". In August 2013, he lost the appeal and was suspended for six games. The six-game suspension arose after the NFL learned that he attempted to cheat a drug test. He became eligible to play on October 20, 2013, when the Broncos played the Indianapolis Colts.On November 24, in a loss to the New England Patriots, he recovered a Stevan Ridley fumble and took it 60 yards for a touchdown. It was the


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 second touchdown of his career. He did fairly well upon his return, but his season was ended prematurely when he tore his ACL on December 22, 2013 during a win on the road at the Houston Texans. Without <mask>, the Broncos reached Super Bowl XLVIII, but lost 43–8 to the Seattle Seahawks. 2014 season

After recovering from his ACL injury, <mask> looked to improve his play in his fourth season with the Broncos. He did so with 14 sacks, 59 tackles, and a forced fumble. In the Divisional Round of the playoffs against the Indianapolis Colts, he had six total tackles and one quarterback hit in the 24–13 loss.2015 season

On September 17, 2015, <mask> became the third-fastest player in NFL history to reach 50 sacks career (58 games). The only ones to get there faster than him were Reggie White (40 games) and Derrick Thomas (54). Overall, in the 2015 season, <mask> finished with 11 sacks, 35 total tackles, 32 quarterback hits, one pass defensed, and four forced fumbles. In the Divisional Round against the Pittsburgh Steelers, he had two total tackles in the 23–16 victory. During the AFC Championship against the New England Patriots, <mask> sacked Tom Brady 2.5 times, breaking a Broncos single-game playoff record and also had an interception in the second quarter of the game. In Super Bowl 50, facing the heavily favored Carolina Panthers who held the top-ranked offense, the Broncos won 24–10. In the first quarter, on a 3rd-and-10 from the 15-yard line, <mask> knocked the ball out of Panthers quarterback Cam Newton's hands while sacking him, and defensive end Malik Jackson recovered it in the end zone for a

masks: Miller Miller Miller Miller Miller Miller


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 Broncos touchdown, giving the team a 10–0 lead.This was the first fumble return touchdown in a Super Bowl since Super Bowl XXVIII. With 4:51 left in regulation and the Broncos leading 16–10, <mask> forced a second fumble from Newton to end the Panthers' potential game-winning drive, and the Broncos offense afterwards scored a touchdown to seal the victory. <mask> recorded six tackles, 2.5 sacks, two forced fumbles, and two quarterback hurries, and was named Super Bowl MVP for his performance. <mask> was named to his fourth Pro Bowl, earned his second First-team All-Pro, and was ranked 15th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2016. 2016 season

On March 1, 2016, the Broncos placed the exclusive franchise tag on <mask>. On July 15, <mask> signed a 6-year deal worth $114.5 million featuring $70 million guaranteed with the Broncos. He became the highest paid defensive player in NFL history, with the highest amount of guaranteed salary.<mask> finished the 2016 regular season with 13.5 sacks and 24 quarterback hits. In the last four games of the season, <mask> did not record a sack, which was the longest such stretch in his career. He was named to his fifth career and third consecutive Pro Bowl, and his third First-team All-Pro, and was ranked second by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2017 as the highest ranked defensive player. 2017 season

On December 19, 2017, <mask> was named to his sixth Pro Bowl. <mask> was named the 2018 Pro Bowl defensive MVP. In the 2017 season, he recorded his fourth consecutive season with at least ten sacks. He was ranked ninth by his fellow

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 players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2018.2018 season

In the Broncos' 2018 season opener against the Seattle Seahawks, <mask> recorded three sacks and seven total tackles in the 27–24 victory. In Week 11, <mask> intercepted Philip Rivers and returned it 42 yards to set up a touchdown, which helped ignite a 23-22 comeback win over the Los Angeles Chargers, earning him AFC Defensive Player of the Week. During the 2018 season, <mask> recorded his 100th career sack (including postseason sacks), becoming the 5th-fastest player in NFL history to do so. He was also selected to the 2019 Pro Bowl as a starting outside linebacker, which was his seventh career and fifth consecutive Pro Bowl. 2019 season

In week 4 against the Jacksonville Jaguars, <mask> sacked Gardner Minshew II twice in the 26-24 loss. <mask>'s second sack of the game was the 100th sack of his career. He was also selected to the 2020 Pro Bowl as a starting outside linebacker, which was his eighth career and sixth consecutive Pro Bowl.2020 season

During practice on September 8, 2020, <mask> suffered what was called a “freak injury near the ankle”, and it was feared that season-ending surgery was required. An MRI the next day revealed that the injury was
a dislocated peroneal tendon, and <mask> was subsequently placed on injured reserve. 2021 season

In March 2021, the Broncos exercised the 2021 year option in <mask>'s contract. His contract, which entered its final year, guarantees $7 million of his base salary of $17.5 million in 2021. <mask> recorded 4.5 sacks and 17 tackles in six games before spraining his ankle in a Thursday Night


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 Football game against the Cleveland Browns on October 21, 2021, which would end up being his final game as a Bronco. Los Angeles Rams
<mask> was traded to the Los Angeles Rams in exchange for a second and third-round draft pick in the 2022 NFL Draft on November 1, 2021. At the time of the trade, <mask> was the longest-tenured Bronco, and the only remaining non-special teams player from Denver's Super Bowl 50 roster.In an emotional interview following his trade, <mask> held back tears, saying "I love Broncos Country. When I said 'Broncos for life,' I meant that. It was an honor and a privilege to play here.” <mask> chose to wear number 40 for the Rams, his number at Texas A&M, with the familial blessing of Rams legend Elroy Hirsch since his number 58 was taken by Justin Hollins. 2021 season

In Week 10, <mask> made his Rams debut on Monday Night Football and tallied 3 tackles in a 31–10 loss to the San Francisco 49ers. In Week 15, in a 20-10 home win, <mask> notched his first sack as Ram against Seattle Seahawks QB Russell Wilson. In Week 16, <mask> recorded a sack against Kirk Cousins in a 30–23 road win over the Minnesota Vikings. In Week 17, <mask> had his best game as a Ram by notching 2 sacks and 5 tackles including the game-sealing sack on Baltimore Ravens QB Tyler Huntley in the 20–19 victory.Overall in the 2021 season, <mask> recorded 50 tackles, 9.5 sacks, one pass defended, and one forced fumble in 15 games played. <mask> helped the Rams win Super Bowl LVI 23-20 against the Cincinnati Bengals. <mask> recorded 2 sacks in the game. His multi-sack performance makes him only the second player to


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 ever have multiple Super Bowl games with multiple sacks. The other is Justin Tuck of the New York Giants. He also tied Charles Haley's record for most career Super Bowl sacks at 4.5 sacks, despite playing in three fewer Super Bowls than Haley. NFL career statistics

Regular season

Postseason

Broncos franchise records
As of his departure from the team in 2021, <mask> holds five Broncos franchise records for sacks, including:
 Career (110.5 sacks)
 Single season (18.5 in 2012)
 Playoff career (6.5)
 Single playoff season (5 in 2015)
 Single playoff game (2.5 on both January 24, 2016 against the New England Patriots in the AFC Championship and February 7, 2016 against the Carolina Panthers in Super Bowl 50)

NFL records
 Most sacks in the Super Bowl – 4.5 (50, LVI) (tied with Charles Haley)

Personal life
<mask> was born in Dallas, Texas, to parents <mask> and <mask> and grew up in the Dallas suburb of DeSoto, Texas.His parents, who were both athletes in high school and college, own a power supply business. He has a younger brother Vinsynzie "Vins". Having majored in poultry science at Texas A&M, <mask> operates his own farm, raising chickens. In August 2013, <mask> was arrested on a failure to appear warrant for driving-related charges in October 2012. In September 2013, <mask> was cited for speeding and driving with a suspended license in Arapahoe County, Colorado. In April 2018, while on a guided fishing tour off the coast of Florida, <mask> is alleged to have illegally landed and improperly catch and released a hammerhead shark. In April 2020, <mask> was diagnosed with COVID-19, recovering from it

masks:
Miller
Miller
Von
Gloria Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller


texts:
 by the following month.Von's Vision
In 2012, <mask> created Von's Vision to provide Denver-area youth with eye examinations and eyewear. Von's Vision hosts Von's Vision Days throughout the year to provide children with free eye exams and glasses. The organization hosts two events for Denver-area children: Von's Vision Day and <mask>'s Back to School Vision Day. Von's Vision Day is a two-day program. The foundation partners with national and regional eyewear retailers to provide a citywide vision day for low-income Denver children. On the first day of the program, children receive free screenings, and if needed, free eye exams and an invitation to pick up their corrective eyewear at a later date. After the prescription glasses have been cut, <mask> hosts a party where children are fitted for their glasses.Children have the opportunity to interact with <mask> and feel comfortable in their new glasses. In popular culture
<mask> was referenced in South Park during the season 20 episode "Oh, Jeez" when Gerald Broflovski is sent to Denmark under the alias "Ambassador <mask>"; this has been one of the show's numerous references to the Broncos, as many characters living in the series's titular town are fans of the team. On March 8, 2016, <mask> was announced as one of the celebrities who would compete on season 22 of Dancing with the Stars. He was partnered with professional dancer Witney Carson. On May 2, 2016, during a double elimination, <mask> and Carson were eliminated and finished the competition in 8th place. During a Celebrity Wheel of Fortune episode aired January 30, 2022 (the same date Miller's

masks:
Miller
Von Miller
Miller
Von Miller
Miller
Von Miller
Miller
Miller


texts:
 Rams played in the 2021-22 NFC Championship Game), <mask> won the minimum $30,000 for his selected charity, Von’s Vision. References

External links

 Los Angeles Rams bio
 Texas A&M Aggies bio
 NFL combine profile

1989 births
Living people
100 Sacks Club
African-American players of American football
All-American college football players
American Conference Pro Bowl players
American football defensive ends
American football linebackers
American YouTubers
Denver Broncos players
Gaming YouTubers
Los Angeles Rams players
Male YouTubers
National Football League Defensive Rookie of the Year Award winners
People from DeSoto, Texas
Players of American football from Dallas
Players of American football from Denver
Super Bowl MVPs
Texas A&M Aggies football players
Unconferenced Pro Bowl players
Video game commentators
YouTubers from


texts:
<mask>, Order of the Star of India (27 April 1819 – 11 July 1905) was a Scottish Orientalist, and colonial administrator, Principal of the University of Edinburgh and Lieutenant Governor of the North-West Provinces of British India. Life

He was born at Glasgow the son of <mask> (1783–1820),a merchant, and Helen Macfie (1784–1866). His older brother was <mask>, the Indologist and Sanskrit scholar. He was educated at Kilmarnock Academy, the universities of Glasgow and Edinburgh, and Haileybury College. In 1837 he entered the Bengal civil service. <mask> served as secretary to the governor of the North-West Provinces, and as a member of the Agra revenue board, and during the Mutiny he was in charge of the intelligence department there. In 1865 he was made foreign secretary to the Indian Government.In 1867 <mask> was knighted (K.C.S.I. ), and in 1868 he became lieutenant-governor of the North Western Provinces. Having been criticised for the poor relief effort during the Orissa famine of 1866, the British began to discuss famine policy, and in 1868 <mask> issued an order stating that:  In 1874 <mask> was appointed financial member of the Viceroy's Council, and retired in 1876, when he became a member of the Council of India in London. James Thomason served as <mask>'s mentor with respect to Imperial administration; <mask> later wrote an influential biography of Thomason. <mask> had always taken an interest in educational matters, and it was chiefly through his exertions that the central college at Allahabad, known as Muir Central College, was built and endowed. Muir College later became a part of the Allahabad University. In 1884 <mask> was elected president of the Royal Asiatic Society.In 1885 he was elected principal of the University of Edinburgh in succession to Sir Alexander Grant, and held the

masks:
Sir William Muir
William Muir
John Muir
Muir
Muir
Muir
Muir
Muir
Muir
Muir
Muir


texts:
 post till 1903, when he retired. On 7 February 1840, he married Elizabeth Huntly (1822–1897), daughter of James Wemyss, collector of Cawnpore, and together they had 15 children. He died in Edinburgh, and is buried in Dean Cemetery. The grave lies in the concealed lower southern terrace. Works, reception, and legacy
<mask> was a scholar of Islam. His chief area of expertise was the history of the time of Muhammad and the early caliphate. His chief books are A Life of Mahomet and History of Islam to the Era of the Hegira; Annals of the Early Caliphate; The Caliphate: Its rise, decline and fall, an abridgment and continuation of the Annals, which brings the record down to the fall of the caliphate on the onset of the Mongols; The Koran: its Composition and Teaching; and The Mohammedan Controversy, a reprint of five essays published at intervals between 1885 and 1887.In 1888 he delivered the Rede lecture at Cambridge on The Early Caliphate and Rise of Islam. Life of Mahomet

His original book "A Life of Mahomet and History of Islam to the Era of the Hegira" was initially published 1861 in four volumes. The book received attention in both literary and missionary circles, and provoked responses ranging from appreciation to criticism. It would eventually evoke a rebuttal from Sayyid Ahmad Khan. <mask>'s contemporary reviewers of his Life of Mahomet uniformly praised him for his knowledge of Arabic. The only competing work in Britain at the time was a book by Harrow schoolmaster Reginald Bosworth Smith, who had no Arabic language skills. The work was also praised by Christian missionaries who welcomed it as an aid to convert Muslims.Contemporary historian E. A. Freeman praised the book as a "great work", yet questioned its conjectural methodology, particularly <mask>'s suggestion that Muhammad was

masks: Muir Muir Muir


texts: inspired by Satan. Contemporary Aloys Sprenger also criticized <mask> for ascribing Islam's origins to "the Devil". The British Quarterly Review of 1872 criticized his approach as "he is treading ground whither the historian of events and creeds must refuse to follow him". A significant rebuttal to <mask>'s book was written Syed Ahmed Khan in 1870 called A Series of Essays on the Life of Mohammed, and Subjects Subsidiary Thereto. Khan praised <mask>'s writing talent and familiarity with Oriental literature, but criticized <mask>'s reliable on weak sources like al-Waqidi. He accused <mask> of misrepresenting the facts and writing with animus. Written objections to this aspect of Life could be found in the writings of Muslims living inside British India only after the Indian Rebellion of 1857, an unsuccessful uprising against the East India Company.Later reviews of the work have also been mixed, with many scholars describing <mask>'s work as polemical. W. M. Watt (1961) described <mask>'s Life as following "in detail the standard Muslim accounts, though not uncritically". Mohammed Hussein Heikal regarded <mask>'s work as an argumentum ad hominem fallacy. Albert Hourani (1980) said <mask>'s writing, while "still not quite superseded", regarded Muhammad as "the Devil's instrument" and Muslim society as "barren and bound to remain so". Aaron W. Hughes (2012) writes that <mask>'s work was part of a European Orientalist tradition that sought to show that Islam was "a corruption, a garbled version of existing monotheisms". Bennett (1998) praises it as "a detailed life of Muhammad more complete than almost any other previous book, at least in English," noting however that besides "placing the facts of Muhammad's life before both Muslim and Christian readers, <mask> wanted to convince Muslims that Muhammad

masks: Muir Muir Muir Muir Muir Muir Muir Muir Muir Muir Muir


texts:
 was not worth their allegiance. He thus combined scholarly and evangelical or missionary purposes."Commenting on <mask>'s conjecture that Muhammad may have been affected by a Satanic influence, Clinton Bennett says that <mask> "chose to resurrect another old Christian theory", and quotes the following passage from <mask>'s 1858 Life, vol. 2:

In the final chapters of Life, <mask> concluded that the main legacy of Islam was a negative one, and he subdivided it in "three radical evils":

According to Edward Said, although <mask>'s Life of Mahomet and The Caliphate "are still considered reliable monuments of scholarship", his work was characterized by an "impressive antipathy to the Orient, Islam and the Arabs", and "his attitude towards his subject matter was fairly put by him when he said that 'the sword of Muhammed, and the Kor'an, are the most stubborn enemies of Civilisation, Liberty, and the Truth which the world has yet known'". Daniel Martin Varisco rejects Said's assessment that <mask>'s Life was considered reliable by the 1970s. He writes "Serious historians had long since relegated <mask>'s work to the rare-books sections of their libraries." Other works
<mask>'s later Annals was received with fewer reservations by the Times reviewer and other newspapers of the day. It was the Annals that established <mask>'s reputation as a leading scholar on Islam in Britain. Nevertheless, his earlier hypercritical Life of Mahomet was used as a poster child by contemporary Muslim commentators—especially by Indian ones connected to the movement of Syed Ahmed Khan—to dismiss all criticism of their society emanating from Western scholars.Syed Ameer Ali went as far as to declare <mask> "Islam's avowed enemy". An illustrative aspect in the evolution of <mask>'s positions is his stance on the Crusades. In his


texts:
 writings of the 1840s, he goaded Christian scholars to verbal warfare against Muslims using aggressive crusader imagery. Fifty year later, <mask> redirected the invective hitherto reserved for the Muslims to the crusading leaders and armies, and while still finding some faults with the former, he praised Saladin for knightly values. (<mask>'s anti-Catholic animus may have played a role in this too.) Despite his later writings, <mask>'s reputation as an unfair critic of Islam remained strong in Muslim circles. Powell finds that <mask> deserves much of the criticism laid by Edward Said and his followers against 19th century Western scholarship on Islam.<mask> was a committed Evangelical Christian and was invited to preface many missionary biographies and memoirs, speak at conferences and to publicise Zenana missions. He wrote "If Christianity is anything, it must be everything. It cannot brook a rival, nor cease to wage war against all other faiths, without losing its strength and virtue." In his official capacity as principal of Edinburgh University, <mask> chaired many meetings of Evangelists at the university, organised to support overseas missionary efforts, and addressed by speakers such as Henry Drummond. In India, <mask> founded the Indian Christian village Muirabad, near Allahabad. <mask> was impressed with the discovery of the Apology of al-Kindy; he lectured on it at the Royal Asiatic Society, presenting it as an important link in what he saw as a chain of notable conversions to Christianity, and later he published the translated sources. A proselytising text, Bakoorah shahiya (Sweet First Fruits) was published under his name as well, but this work had actually been written by a convert to Protestantism from Eastern Orthodox Christianity.In The Mohammedan Controversy, he wrote:

Daniel

masks:
Muir
Muir
Muir
William Muir
Muir
Muir
William Muir
Muir


texts:
 Pipes investigated the origin of the phrase "Satanic Verses", and concluded that despite Salman Rushdie's claim that he had borrowed the phrase from Tabari, the earliest traceable occurrence is in <mask>'s Life of Mohamet (1858) in a passage discussing "two Satanic verses". The phrase does not appear in the revised edition of 1912 though. Statuary
A marble statue by George Blackall Simmonds was erected in his honour and unveiled by the then Viceroy of India at the opening of Muir College on 8 April 1886, and was still there in 2012. Another was proposed for the Muslim college, but due to opposition the scheme was dropped. Family
He was the brother of the indologist <mask>. He married Elizabeth Huntly Wemyss in 1840 (died 1897), and had five sons and six daughters; four of his sons served in India, and one of them, Colonel A. M<mask> (died 1899), was Political Officer for South Baluchistan, and was acting British Resident in Nepal when he died. Publications
The Life of Muhammad and History of Islam to the Era of the Hegira
 Vols.1–2 published in 1858 by Smith, Elder, & Co.
 Vols. 3–4 published in 1861 by Smith, Elder, & Co. together with a reprinting of the first two volumes; title shortened to The Life of Muhammad. The life of Muhammad from original sources
 2nd abridged one-volume ed. of the above published in 1878, xi+errata slip, xxviii, 624 pp. London: Smith, Elder, & Co.
 3rd abridged ed. published in 1894 by Smith, Elder, & Co., ciii, 536 p.
 posthumously revised ed. by Thomas Hunter Weir published in 1912 as The life of Mohammad from original sources, cxix, 556 pp.The Mameluke or Slave Dynasty of Egypt, 1260–1517 AD, end of the Caliphate
The Caliphate: Its rise, decline and fall
The Apology of al-Kindy, 1882
Annals of the Early Caliphate
The Sources of Islam, A Persian Treatise, by the Rev.

masks:
Muir
John Muir
. Muir


texts:
 W. St. Clair-Tisdall, translated and abridged by W. M. 1901. Edinburgh, T & T Clark. Records of the Intelligence Department of the Government of the North-West Provinces of India during the Mutiny of 1857 including correspondence with the supreme government, Delhi, Cawnpore, and other places. 1902. 2 vols, Edinburgh, T & T Clark. Agra in the Mutiny: And the Family Life of W. & E. H. Muir in the Fort, 1857 : a Sketch for Their Children.1896. 59 pp. Privately  published. Two Old Faiths: Essays on the Religions of the Hindus and the Mohammedans. J. Murray Mitchell and Sir <mask>. 1901. New York: Chautauqua Press.Muhammad and Islam
The Rise and Decline of Islam
The Lord's Supper: an abiding witness to the death of Christ
Sweet First-Fruits. A tale of the Nineteenth Century, on the truth and virtue of the Christian Religion
The Beacon of Truth; or, Testimony of the Coran to the Truth of the Christian Religion, 1894
The Mohammedan Controversy, 1897
James Thomason, lieutenant-governor N.-W. P., India, 1897
The Teaching of the Coran
 The Opium Revenue (1875)

See also
Orientalism
Origin and development of the Qur'an

References

Notes

 Ansari, K. Humayun. "The Muslim World in British Historical Imaginations: 'Re-thinking Orientalism'?" British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies (2011) 38#1 pp: 73-93

Attribution:

External links

1819 births
1905 deaths
Civil servants from Glasgow
People educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College
People educated at Kilmarnock Academy
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Historians of Islam
Principals of the University of Edinburgh
Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India
Members of the Council of India
Presidents of the Royal Asiatic Society
Scottish orientalists
Scottish people of the British Empire
19th-century Scottish


texts:
<mask> (17 April 1931 – 2 July 2021) was an American-German jazz and pop singer, journalist and actor famous for his German-language hits. He returned to Germany a year after he had served compulsory military service with the U.S. Air Force there. Active as a singer of jazz and pop already as a soldier, he made a career in different fields of musical entertainment. He sang and recorded German schlager, also German-language cover versions of English hits, jazz and swing. He appeared in films and television series, and ran popular series on radio and television as presenter. Biography
<mask>, called <mask>, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, the son of a teacher and an advertising manager for Procter & Gamble. In his youth, he sang in a college dance band.He began to study sociology and business from 1949 to 1951 at Yale University in New Haven and sang jazz, swing and blues in the evenings. His greatest influences were Count Basie, Nat King Cole, Duke Ellington and Louis Jordan. Due to the Korean War, compulsory military service was again introduced in the US and <mask> served with the U.S. Air Force in Germany. During this time period, he appeared in clubs like the  in Frankfurt. He was discovered by an employee of the American Forces Network (AFN), and hired to entertain troops. There <mask> advanced to executive producer and though still in service, spent more time on appearances at festivals. As of 1953, he appeared with, among others,

masks:
William McCreery Ramsey
William McCreery Ramsey
Bill
Ramsey
Ramsey


texts: band leaders Ernst Mosch, Paul Kuhn, Kurt Edelhagen and James Last.The jazz pianist and music producer  organized an appearance with Hessischer Rundfunk for <mask> in 1955. There he did playback recordings for the musical film  (Love, dance and 1000 hits) with Peter Alexander and Caterina Valente. Upon his discharge from the military in 1957, he continued his studies in the U.S. and returned to Frankfurt a year later. Gietz took <mask> under contract in 1958 and in the same year his first single with Polydor was released. It was a small but respectable success and launched the style, with which ”the man with the black voice” would land hits in the future. The music was oriented on the Anglo American pop music hits of that period. Among <mask>'s hits published in the 1950s and 1960s were German-language cover versions of Hank Ballard, The Beatles, Fats Domino, Ivory Joe Hunter, Roger Miller, Elvis Presley, Jimmie Rodgers, Andy Williams, Sheb Wooley and others.In addition, he performed numerous originals, which were composed almost exclusively by Gietz. The ironic lyrics of Kurt Feltz and  often commented on current events. <mask> and Gietz signed with Columbia label EMI Group in 1962, where they would continue their success. As beat music changed the market in the 1960s, <mask> was a regular on the German charts. In the second half of the 1960s <mask> took up predominantly English-language songs and dedicated himself again to jazz and

masks: Ramsey Ramsey Ramsey Ramsey Ramsey Ramsey


texts:
 blues. In this musically varied decade he presented operettas, musical and beat songs, as well as an LP with children's songs. <mask> switched labels to Gietz's record company Cornet in 1966, and later in the same year to Polydor.He appeared on different labels in the 1970s. <mask> appeared regularly as a pop and jazz singer, mostly in duets with the guitarist Juraj Galan, with whom he released several albums. The duo's LP Live in the House of Commons won the German record critics prize. From the late 1980s, <mask> presented Swingtime each Friday on Hessischer Rundfunk until 2019. In 2008 and 2009 he went on tour with  and  as Swing legends. He was a  lecturer for many years at Hamburg University for Music and Performing Arts. He had a lead speaking role in the audio play for children Der kleine Tag in 1999.Television
His popularity led to numerous appearances in film and television, where he appeared as a singer and in comedy roles. <mask> had numerous television appearances, acted in 28 films and toured through Europe, the US, and North Africa. He presented the television shows Hits for Schlappohren (1971) and  (Talent shed) (1974 to 1980), among others. Personal
<mask> lived for 20 years in Zürich, later in Wiesbaden, and from 1991 onward with his fourth wife Petra in Hamburg. He became a German citizen on 17 October 1984. His wife, a physician, also worked as his manager. <mask> died at his home in Hamburg at the age of 90 on 2


texts:
<mask> (born Judith Carr), also known as Aunt Peg, (July 23, 1938 – January 11, 2010) was an American pornographic actress and adult movie producer, relationship counselor and author. Entering the adult movie business relatively late in life (at age 39), she quickly built a reputation as one of the premier performers in the so-called "Golden Age of Porn", appearing in over seventy films—often as "Aunt Peg", a role portrayed as a giddy, insatiable woman determined to enjoy life and sex to the maximum extent possible. In 1987, she started a new career as a relationship counselor and massage therapist, before returning to adult entertainment in the mid-1990s. Early life
Judith Carr was born and grew up in Burbank, California, the daughter of a jazz trumpet player and an aspiring nurse. She was afflicted with both childhood arthritis and Crohn's disease and spent a sizable portion of her youth in the hospital or on bedrest. Graduating from Burbank High School in 1956 (where she was a straight-A student), she briefly attended Long Beach State College as an art major before relocating to Hayama, Japan, in 1961, with her then lover, a Navy sailor. A brief marriage to him did not work out, ending in 1964, and she spent the next thirteen years in various occupations, including clerical worker, teaching assistant in kindergarten and high school, and English as a Second Language teacher, and working as a radio journalist in Finland.In 1963, while living in Miami, she was secretary to a producer of "nudie" movies and a receptionist at the Burger King home office; she also worked for Avis during this period. In her website autobiography, she indicates that she appeared in an (unnamed) sexploitation film in 1963, portraying a police sergeant. During this time, she was known by her birth


texts:
 name of Judith Carr. She did not begin using the moniker "<mask>" until later in her adult film career, when she made the transition from 8mm productions to feature films. She has also used the stage names of Alice Rigby, Judy Callin, Ruby Sapphire, Judy Carr, Aunt Peg, Judy Fallbrook, and <mask>. Adult film career
After living in Finland from 1971 to  1977, working as a radio journalist and teaching English to Finnish schoolchildren, she returned to the United States in 1977, and became involved in the pornography business in 1978 while trying to get into documentary film making. She was working in advertising when she answered an ad by hardcore pornography producer Alex de Renzy, who was looking for an actress.Her career took off after she was cast in the movie Pretty Peaches. She acquired the name of "Aunt Peg" during a clip in the Swedish Erotica series, where she was portrayed as having sex with a niece, who cried out: "Oh, Aunt Peg! "; thus arose the moniker by which  <mask> is best known to her fans. <mask> appeared in several pornographic magazine pictorials, operated a mail-order business, a casting agency, was a phone operator for a phone-sex service, and made appearances on both radio and television. She also created and performed in stage shows across the United States, combining comedy, sex, and Q&A sessions in her performances. <mask> later indicated that these stage exhibitions were the "most gratifying" portion of her adult career. Although <mask> portrayed many characters during her movie career, all tended to be tough-talking and unsentimental, yet rambunctious, vibrant and even comedic—all at the same time.She was said never to have faked an orgasm in any of her films. Author Charles Taylor wrote that she "brought a persona of classic movie-broad to porn",

masks:
Juliet Anderson
Judith Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson


texts:
 referring to her as "the Joan Blondell of porn." Another critic, Howard Hampton, opined that "her tough, no-nonsense older woman routine would be at home in the margins of any Howard Hawks movie." Leaving and returning
In 1985, <mask> chose to leave the adult film business after signing over distribution rights for the film Educating Nina, under pressure, a video she directed, produced and funded with money she raised from various donors, which featured the debut of future porn superstar Nina Hartley. She never received any income for the film, and all the investors' money was lost. <mask> moved to Placerville, California, where she worked in a bed and breakfast, cleaned houses and did child care and elder care, continued to do some live stage shows, and opened a massage therapy office. <mask> chose to return to pornography in 1995, making new movies as an actress, producer and director.In 1998, she directed and produced Ageless Desire, a hardcore video featuring several over-50 real-life couples, including <mask> and her partner at the time. Numerous awards followed:  Induction into the Erotic Legends Hall of Fame in 1996, an X-rated Critics Organization Hall of Fame Award in 1999, and a "Lifetime Achievement Actress Award" from the Free Speech Coalition in 2001. In 2007, <mask> received an honorary Doctor of the Arts from The Institute for Advanced Study of Human Sexuality. She was featured in the 1998 documentary Wadd: The Life & Times of John C. Holmes and also made one of her last appearances in Dick Ho: Asian Male Porn Star in 2005. By 2009, <mask> lived in Berkeley, California with four cats, serving as the manager of her apartment complex. Although no longer working in the adult film industry, she had announced plans to produce new films. She also worked as a

masks: Anderson Juliet Anderson Juliet Anderson Anderson


texts:
 relationship counselor, giving private workshops for couples focusing on "Tender Loving Touch", in which sexual touching is seen as "the play, not foreplay."She contributed to the books The New Sexual Healers: Women of the Light and The Red Thread of Passion, and authored articles for magazines and newspapers. Death
On the morning of January 11, 2010, a friend discovered <mask>'s body. The friend stated that he had arrived at <mask>'s residence to take her to a doctor's appointment for a colonoscopy, to help her with the treatment of Crohn's disease. He further reported that he found <mask> in her bed, with nothing in the room appearing to be "out of the ordinary." He stated that <mask> had expressed a desire to be cremated. A memorial was held on January 26, 2010 at the Center for Sex and Culture in San Francisco where friends she had known in and out of the business, including Nina Hartley whom she mentored, attended and gave testimonials to her kind and warm friendship. Later that month, it was revealed that <mask> had died of a heart attack.Awards
AVN Awards Hall of Fame
XRCO Hall of Fame (inducted 1999)

References

Literature
Louis Marvin: The New Goddesses (AF Press, USA 1987): Features a chapter on <mask>. External links

 "The golden age of porn", "Critics sneer at XXX films. But careers like <mask>'s offer as much to admire as those of John Wayne or Audrey Hepburn. ", Charles Taylor, April 13, 2002, Salon.com. Sex is no Act: A Tribute to <mask>, by Graham Hill, Cinema Retro, 9 July 2009. Retrieved on 2009-11-10. 1938 births
2010 deaths
American pornographic film actresses
American women writers
Actresses from Burbank, California
Pornographic film actors from California
People with Crohn's disease
California State University, Long Beach alumni
21st-century

masks:
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Juliet Anderson
Juliet Anderson
Juliet Anderson


texts:
<mask> (July 17, 1897 – November 16, 1962) was an American vaudeville and Broadway actress, radio script writer, and author. As a child actress, she appeared in the 1908 Broadway production of The Man Who Stood Still. <mask> often collaborated on stage with her younger sister <mask>, who also illustrated her books. <mask> is perhaps best remembered for her prolific writing of historical and biographical novels for young adults, including The Foreigner, According to Thomas and Behold Your Queen!. Biography

<mask> was born in Newark, New Jersey on July 17, 1897, the daughter of <mask> and <mask>, a theater company wardrobe mistress. She was raised as a stage child by her mother in New York, New Jersey, Virginia, and California. Theater years (1900–1920)
Young <mask> won her first role on a New York stage at the age of three.In 1908, at age 11, <mask> appeared at the Circle Theater on Broadway in The Man Who Stood Still. By 1910, the two <mask> sisters were working regularly in traveling vaudeville productions, as well as in the burgeoning New York movie industry; <mask> as an ingenue and Corinne as "fairies, babies, witches, and other funny little people." By the age of 14, <mask> began playing leading roles in traveling stock theater companies. Her fellow troupers called her "the youngest stock leading woman in the business." When interviewed about this period in her life, <mask> is quoted as saying: …until I was twenty-one, home to me was anywhere—hotels, trains, boarding houses; for my sister, Corinne <mask>, and I were ‘stage children.’ When I stopped

masks:
Gladys Malvern
Gladys
Corinne Malvern
Gladys Malvern
Gladys Malvern
Edward Malvern
Cora Lillian Malvern
Gladys Malvern
Gladys
Malvern
Gladys
Gladys
Malvern
Malvern


texts:
being a ‘stage child,’ I became what they called an ingenue, and then a leading lady. But by this time I had decided I didn't like wandering about, and I began to think how nice it would be to have a home like other people. Life in Los Angeles (1921–1933)
During the 1920s, the <mask> family moved to Los Angeles, where Corinne worked as a fashion artist, and <mask> began working at a department store.Later, <mask> began writing copy for advertising agencies, while her sister Corinne studied art under Theodore Lukits. According to census records, at some point during this time period <mask> married, and subsequently divorced. After the publication and success of her first few novels, <mask> moved back to New York with her sister; both of them working from an apartment which overlooked the Hudson River. Of this period in her life, Malvern was quoted as saying:
Advertising is a very good business. I liked it immensely and stuck with it for about twelve years. But after work, being very stubborn in this matter, I continued to write. And I wrote.And I wrote. Finally—oh, after I'd torn up any number of manuscripts—I sold a book… And somehow or other I began to feel encouraged. In fact, after I'd sold three novels, I felt so brave I gave up my advertising job. We sold the lamps and the easy chairs and most of the books, and came blithely to New York.

Novels for young adults (1934–1962)

Having learned the discipline of writing from her 12 years as an advertising writer and copy editor, <mask> produced several successful novels for young

masks: Malvern Gladys Gladys Gladys Gladys Malvern