texts:
 instance, <mask> presented a video in the exhibition of himself working to alter an installation during the night while the show is closed. By explicitly portraying the exhibition as being 'in process', <mask> ensures that "a degree of openness and instability is built in to his work." According to Mark Clintberg writing in The Drawing Room, London for Canadian Art International <mask>'s work The Last Two Million Years (2007), takes the ephemerality of time as its theme, making small delicate sculptures from the pages of an Encyclopedia. Creating hybrid figurative objects out of disparate historical time periods, <mask> undoes the fixity of museum display and the agreed sequence of historical events. In A Way Out of the Mirror (2017), he added bronze casting and waterworks to the list of materials he uses and transformed the site into an open-air stage.Work
His first figurative work was Trailer (2002), a large reproduction of a transport truck’s trailer, part reality (dirt covers the surface, and mud is splattered across the gas tank) and part artifice (the trailer looks like a movie prop). He followed this with many figurative works such as The Last Two Million Years (2007), The Idea and the Absence of the Idea (2008), The Surgeon and the Photographer (2009) (Vancouver Art Gallery), made of 365 three-dimensional collages, and Leaves of Grass (2012) (National Gallery of Canada), an installation 124 feet long, of more than 15,000 images cut from 50 years of Life magazine, arranged chronologically on stalks of dried grass. He viewed The Surgeon and the Photographer, along with The Last Two Million Years (2007) and Leaves of Grass (2012) as a trilogy of installations, based on the accumulation of images. Exhibitions
<mask>`s first group exhibition took place in 1995 in Mexico. His first solo exhibition took place in Vancouver at Or Gallery. Since then, his exhibition history has been extensive, with shows nationally, and abroad. For dOCUMENTA (13) in 2012, <mask> produced Leaves of Grass.In 2015, he had a large mid-career retrospective co-curated by himself and Daina Augaitis at the Vancouver Art Gallery in which he used items from the

masks: Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer Farmer


type: original

texts:
 Gallery’s artist archives to create installations that filled the entire gallery space. The exhibition was titled How Do I Fit This Ghost in My Mouth. In 2017, he represented Canada at the 57th Venice Biennale, in Venice with a show titled A Way Out of the Mirror. In 2017, he also had a show titled The Care With Which The Rain Is Wrong, at the Schinkel Pavillon, Berlin, Germany in which he used art monographs and his own digital library of illustrations and collection of sounds for his installations. He is represented by Catriona Jeffries, Vancouver. Public Art Projects
Every Letter in the Alphabet, Vancouver (2009) This was a year-long project commissioned for the 2010 Winter Olympics and Paralympics in Vancouver. Farmer's Every Letter in the Alphabet (2010) was located in a storefront space in the city.He commissioned twenty-six language-based works, one for every letter of the alphabet, including readings performances and poster projects to appear in the space, and throughout the city, during 2009-2010. Residencies
 Theatre of Erosion or I Hate Work That is Not a Play, lead faculty, The Banff Centre, Banff, Canada (2010)
 Kadist Art Foundation, Paris, France (2011)
Below Another Sky, commissioned by the Scottish Print Network, Edinburgh Printmakers, Edinburgh, Scotland (2014)

Awards
Viva Award, Jack and Doris Shadbolt Foundation for the Visual Arts, Vancouver, Canada (2003)
 Victor Martyn Lynch-Staunton Award, Visual Arts, Canada Council for the Arts (2008)
 The Hnatshyn Foundation Visual Arts Award (2011)
 The Gershon Iskowitz Prize, Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto, Canada (2013) for his outstanding contribution to the visual arts in Canada

<mask> lives and works on Kauai, Hawaii, USA

References

Bibliography

External links
CV and bibliography, pdf
 <mask> at Catriona Jeffries Gallery
 <mask> at the National Gallery of Canada
 <mask> at the Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal
 <mask>, Canadian Art, Winter, 2007
 <mask> at Kadist Art Foundation

1967 births
Living people
San Francisco Art Institute alumni
Canadian installation artists
Canadian contemporary artists
21st-century Canadian artists
Canadian multimedia

masks:
Farmer
Geoffrey Farmer
Geoffrey Farmer
Geoffrey Farmer
Geoffrey Farmer
Geoffrey Farmer


texts:
<mask> RA (31 October 174011 March 1812), whose name is sometimes given in the French form of <mask>, the German form of <mask>, or with the English-language epithet of the Younger, was a French-born British painter who became known for his large naval works, his elaborate set designs for London theatres, and his invention of a mechanical theatre called the "Eidophusikon". He also had an interest in faith-healing and the occult, and was a companion of the confidence-trickster Alessandro Cagliostro. Early life

Loutherbourg  was born in Strasbourg in 1740, the son of an expatriate Polish miniature painter. Intended for the Lutheran ministry, he was educated at the University of Strasbourg. Paris
Rejecting a religious calling, Loutherbourg decided to become a painter, and in 1755 placed himself under Charles-André van Loo in Paris and later under Francesco Giuseppe Casanova. His talent developed rapidly, and he became a figure in the fashionable society of the day. In 1767 he was elected to the French Academy, although below the age required by the rules of the institution, and painted landscapes, sea storms, and battles, all of which work had a celebrity above those of the specialists then working in Paris.He made his debut with the exhibition of twelve pictures, including Storm at Sunset, Night, and  Morning after Rain. Travels
Loutherbourg then travelled through Switzerland, Germany and Italy, distinguishing himself as much by his mechanical inventions as by his painting. One of these, showing new effects produced in a model theatre, was the wonder of the day, with its use of lights behind canvas representing the moon and stars, and the illusory appearance of running water produced by clear blue sheets of

masks:
Philip James de Loutherbourg
Philippe Jacques
Philipp Jakob


texts:
 metal and gauze, with loose threads of silver. London

Theatre
In 1771 he settled in London, where David Garrick paid him £500 a year to design scenery and costumes and oversee the stage machinery at the Drury Lane Theatre. His stage effects attracted the admiration not just of the general public, but also of artists, including Joshua Reynolds. He devised scenic effects in which, for instance, green trees gradually became russet and the moon rose and lit the edges of passing clouds: illusions achieved through the use of coloured lantern-slides and the ingenious lighting of transparencies. He continued to work at the theatre until 1785.He achieved an even greater success with an entertainment called the Eidophusikon, meaning "image of nature". This was a miniature mechanical theatre measuring six by eight feet, and described as  displaying "Various Imitations of Natural Phenomena, represented by Moving Pictures". It was presented at Loutherbourg's home from March 1781 in an auditorium seating about 130 people. He used Argand lamps to light the stage and stained glass to change colours. At Christmas, 1781, Loutherbourg mounted a spectacle at a party in the Egyptian Hall at Fonthill for William Beckford, promising (according to Beckford) to "present a mysterious something that the eye has not seen or heart of man conceived". Following this he attempted rather more fantastical subjects for the Eidophusikon, presenting a scene from Paradise Lost with "Satan arraying his troops on the banks of the Fiery Lake, and the rising of the Palace of Pandemonium". The Eidophusikon soon closed, however, as the income did not cover the costs and the audience demanded new productions faster than Loutherbourg could create


texts:
 them.He has been called the inventor of the panorama but, although  it first appeared about the same time as the Eidophusikon, the first panorama was painted and exhibited by the Scottish painter Robert Barker. Painting

Despite these other projects, Loutherbourg still found time for painting. Lord Howe's action, or the Glorious First of June (exhibited 1795) and other large naval pictures were commissioned to commemorate British naval victories, many of them ending up soon afterwards in the Greenwich Hospital Gallery (in whose successor, the National Maritime Museum, they still remain). His finest work was the Destruction of the Armada. He also painted the Great Fire of London and several historical works, including the Attack of the Combined Armies on Valenciennes (1793). He was interested in the industrial revolution and his 1801 painting Coalbrookdale by Night shows iron foundries at work. Seven of his paintings, including Lodore Waterfall and Skating in Hyde Park, are in the Government Art Collection.He was made a member of the Royal Academy in 1781. Publications

Two sets of drawings by <mask> were published, reproduced in aquatint, under the title Picturesque English Scenery in 1801 and 1805. He also contributed illustrations to a Bible published by Thomas Macklin in 1800. After his death Cadell and Davies published a volume of the Apocrypha. All 110 of his drawings for the vignettes (but not the Apocrypha) are pasted in the Bowyer Bible in Bolton Museum in Greater Manchester. Esoteric interests
In 1789 <mask> temporarily gave up painting, in order to pursue an interest in alchemy and the supernatural. He met Alessandro di Cagliostro, who instructed him in the occult.He travelled about with

masks:
de Loutherbourg
Loutherbourg


texts:
 Cagliostro, leaving  him, however, before his condemnation to death. He and his wife also took up faith-healing. A pamphlet called A List of a Few Cures performed by Mr and Mrs De Loutherbourg, of Hammersmith Terrace, without Medicine was published in 1789. Written by a follower named Mary Pratt, it claimed that the Loutherbourgs had cured two thousand people between Christmas 1788 and the following July, "having been made proper recipients to receive divine manuductions". Death
Loutherbourg  died in Chiswick in 1812. There are paintings by him in the collections of many British institutions including, Tate Britain, The Victoria and Albert Museum, The National Portrait Gallery, The Royal Academy of Art, Leicester, Farnham and Derby Art Gallery. Loutherbourg was buried in Chiswick Old Cemetery, adjoining the graveyard of St Nicholas Church, Chiswick.Buried nearby are the artists William Hogarth and <mask> McNeill Whistler. Further reading
 <mask>, Michael. "The Making and Marketing of the Georgian Apotheosis:  Carter, Strange, Rebecca, Tresham, and de Loutherbourg". The British Art Journal, 22/1 (2021) pp. 10-17. Joppier, Rudiger (1973). <mask> <mask>, R.A., 1740-1812.London: Greater London Council. Dobson, Austin. At Prior Park and Other Papers. London: Humphrey Milford Oxford University Press, 1923. Print. References

External links

 Adventures in Cybersound: <mask> <mask>berg

1740 births
1812 deaths
18th-century English painters
English male painters
19th-century English painters
Landscape artists
People from Strasbourg
Royal Academicians
French emigrants to the Kingdom of Great Britain
History painters
Military art
French emigrants to England
French people of Polish descent
English people of

masks:
James Abbott
Burden
Philippe Jacques
de Loutherbourg
Philippe Jacques
de Louther


texts: <mask>  is an Australian science communicator and author. He was born in Wollongong in 1961, and is known for his creative writing and social research into public attitudes towards new technologies. He has lived mainly in Canberra, but has also in Iceland (1980–81) and Finland (1984–85). He has published 30 books of fiction and non-fiction, and numerous articles in refereed journals. He has been active in the Canberra writing community, teaching and editing, was Chair of the ACT Writers Centre from 2003 to 2008 and in 2006 was Writer in Residence at the University of Science in Penang, Malaysia. <mask>'s creative writing has appeared in most of Australia's literary journals including Southerly, Westerly, Island, Meanjin, The Phoenix Review, Overland, Scarp, 4W, Redoubt, Block, as well as in overseas publications including Silverfish New Writing (Malaysia) and Foreign Literature No 6 (China). He has previously been an editor of the radical arts magazine Blast, and his writing awards include the ACT Book of the Year Award in 1999 a Queensland Premier's Literary Award in 2006, a Victorian Community History Award in 2015,  the ACT Writing and Publishing Award in 2015 and the Tasmanian Writers' Prize in 2016.As a science communicator he has worked for the CSIRO, Questacon and the Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, and has represented the Australian Government at many international science forums including Apec and OECD conferences, presenting on issues

masks:
Craig Cormick
Cormick


texts:
 relating to public concerns about new technologies. In 2013 he was awarded the Unsung Hero of Science Communications by the Australian Science Communicators. Since 2019 he has been serving on the Advisory Board on Education and Outreach to the Nobel Prize Winning Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. <mask> was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) in the 2021 Queen's Birthday Honours "service to science, and to the community". Literary career

<mask> went on to study journalism and creative writing at the University of Canberra – both areas which he continues to work in – with stints at the Canberra School of Art, the University of Iceland and Helsinki University. He returned to the University of Canberra to study languages, public relations and sociology, undertake a Masters in Communications and then completed a PhD in Creative Communications at Deakin University in 2007. His first books were self-published or picked up by small presses until Unwritten Histories was published by Aboriginal Studies Press in 1998.The book subsequently won the ACT Book of the Year Award and received praising reviews. His work has a strong sense of satire, across themes that include exploration, isolation, duality and Ned Kelly (who appears at least once in each of his eight short story collections). He has written and published, on average, one book a year since 1998, including collections of short fiction, novels and non-fiction. He has published

masks:
Cormick
Craig Cormick


texts:
 scholarly articles on public attitudes to new technologies in publications including: NanoEthics, the International Journal of Biotechnology Agricultural Science, Historia Ciencias Saude (Brazil) and Choices (USA). He also authored the Australian Government reports, Cloning Goes to the Movies, and What you really need to know about what the public really thinks about GM foods. In 2008 he fulfilled "a life's dream" and travelled to Antarctica as an Antarctic Arts Fellow, visiting the three Australian stations on the continent, Casey, Davis and Mawson, publishing his experiences as In Bed with Douglas Mawson: Travels around Antarctica, in 2011, which merges his two interests of science and creative writing. In 2014 and 2015 he published the acclaimed the Shadow Master series with Angry Robot books, in the US and UK, as was a guest author at the Convergence fan convention in Minneapolis, and at WorldCon in Helsinki in 2018.In 2015 he also took part in the Yale Writers Conference. Writing awards

  2019 Winner of the ACT Writing and Publishing Awards - non-fiction, for  Backseat Drivers, 2018. 2019 - Shortlisted for the ACT Writing and Publishing Awards - fiction for Years of the Wolf, 2018. 2019 Shortlisted for a Victorian Community History Award, for  Backseat Drivers, 2018. 2019 - Shortlisted for an Aurealis Award for Best Horror Book for Years of the Wolf, 2018. 2016 - Winner of the Tasmanian Writers' Prize 2016. 2015 – Winner of a Victorian Community


texts:
 History Award, for Ned Kelly under the Microscope, 2015.2015 – Winner of the ACT Writing and Publishing Award for Uncle Adolf, 2015. 2010 – Shortlisted for the ACT Writing and Publishing Awards for Futures Trading, 2010. 2006 – Winner of Queensland Premier’s Award for A Funny Thing Happened at 27,000 Feet (Steele Rudd Award for a collection of short fiction). 2004 – Short-listed for a Queensland Premier's Award for the Princess of Cups (Steele Rudd Award for a collection of short fiction). 2000 – Second Prize in the Age Short Story Contest. 2000 – Second Prize in the University of Canberra Short Story contest. 2000 – Nominated for ACT Artist of the Year.1999 – ACT Book of the Year Award for Unwritten Histories, 1998. 1999 – Highly commended in the Victorian Fellowship of Australian Writers Jim Hamilton Award. 1998 – First Prize in the Max Harris Literary Awards. 1998 – First Prize in the Arts West Writing Competition. 1998 – Second Prize in the Not the Premier's Literary Award. 1998 – Second Prize in the R Carson Gold Short Story Competition. 1998 – Shortlisted for the ANU/Anutech short story award.1997 – Canberra Critics Circle award for literature. 1995 – Shortlisted for the ANU/Anutech short story award. 1996 – Highly commended in the National Book Council Award. 1993 – Shortlisted for the Australian-Vogel Award for Of One Blood. Works

Books published
 On A Barbarous Coast(with Harold Ludwick), Allen and Unwin, 2020. . The Science of Communicating


texts:
 Science, CSIRO Publishing, 2019. .
 Years of the Wolf, IFWG Australia, 2018. . (Shortlisted for an Aurealis Award for Best Horror Book). Backseat Drivers, Ginninderra Press, 2018. . (Shortlisted for a Victorian Community History Award).The Seven Voyages of Captain Cook, Dimension 6, coeur de lion, 2017. . (Shortlisted for a 2017 Aurealis Award - Best Anthology). Valdur the Viking and the Ghostly Goths, Ford Street Publishing, 2016. . The Floating City, Angry Robot Books, 2015. .
 Ned Kelly Under the Microscope, CSIRO Publishing, 2014. (Winner of a Victorian Community History Award, 2015) . The Shadow Master, Angry Robot Books, 2014. .
 Uncle Adolf, Ginninderra Press, 2014. (Winner of an ACT Publishing Award, 2015). .
 Benji the Buccaneer (Children's book), New Frontier, 2014. .
 Time Vandals, Scholastic Australia, 2012. .
 Shipwrecks of the Southern Seas, Murdoch Books, 2011. . In Bed with Douglas Mawson, New Holland Press, 2011. .
 Futures Trading, Mockingbird Press, 2009.[*Shortlisted for the ACT Writing and Publishing Awards 2010]. . The Last Super: The creation and recreation of Alexander Pearce, the 'cannibal convict' of Van Diemen's Land, Lambert Academic Publishing, 2009. .
 Of One Blood, Australian Booksellers Association, 2007. [*As a manuscript, shortlisted for the Australian-Vogel Award in 1993, the National Book Council Award in 1996 and the Victorian Fellowship of Australian Writers Jim Hamilton Award in 1999]. . The Prince of Frogs,


texts:
 Mockingbird Press, 2007. /
 A Funny Thing Happened at 27,000 feet..., Mockingbird Press, 2005. [*Winner of the Queensland Premier's Award – Steel Rudd Award for short fiction, 2006]. . The Princess of Cups, Mockingbird Press, 2003.[*Short-listed for the Queensland Premier's Award Steel Rudd Award, 2004]. . DIG: the Unwritten History of Burke and Wills, Ginninderra Press, 2002. . The Queen of Aegea, Mockingbird Press, 2001. . When Angels Call, [Short fiction by <mask>, Poetry by Hal Judge and illustrations by Steve Harrison), Aberrant Genotype Press, 2001. .
 Kurikka's Dreaming, Simon and Schuster, 2000. [*featured on ABC Radio National's Australia Talks Books, May 2001]. . The King of Patagonia, Mockingbird Press, 1999. . Unwritten Histories  Aboriginal Studies Press, 1998.[*Winner of the 1999 ACT Chief Minister's Book of the Year Award]. .
 Pimplemania, MacMillan Educational, 1997. .

Books edited

 Snapshots, Oak Publications, Malaysia, 2006. .
 Co-editor of Meeting of Muses, Mockingbird Press, 2003. .
 Co-editor of The Circulatory System, Mockingbird Press, 2001. .
 Co-editor of Time Pieces, Mockingbird Press, 1999. [*Commended in the Victorian FAW Community Writer's Award, 1999]. .
 Protesting the Testing: Canberra Writers Speak Out Against Nuclear Testing in the Pacific, 1995, (Left Book Club (ACT) and PEN (ACT)). . Academic publications

Cormick. C., Nielssen. O., Ashworth. P., La Salle. J., & Saab.C., What Do Science Communicators Talk About When


texts: They Talk About Science Communications? Engaging With the Engagers, Science Communication 37(2):274-282. Cormick. C., and Romanach, L., Segmentation studies provide insights to better understanding attitudes towards science and technology, Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 32, Issue 3, March 2014, Pages 114–116. Cormick.C., and Hunter. S., Valuing Values: Better Public Engagement on Nanotechnology Demands a Better Understanding of the Diversity of the Publics, NanoEthics, April 2014, Volume 8, Issue 1, pp 57–71. Ten Big Questions on Public Engagement on Science and Technology: Observation from a Rocky Boat in the Upstream and Downstream of Engagement, in DEMESCI – the International Journal of Deliberative Mechanisms in Science, , Volume 1, number 1, August 2012.The Complexity of Public Engagement, in Nature Nanotechnology, , February 2012. Why Do We Need to Know What the Public Thinks about Nanotechnology? NanoEthics, August 2009. Piecing Together the Elephant: Public Engagement on Nanotechnology Challenges’, Science and Engineering Ethics, Volume 15 Number 3, 2009. What do the Public Really Think and Who do they Really Trust, in  Human Biotechnology and Public Trust, Centre for Law and Genetics, University of Tasmania, 2008. Public Attitudes Towards GM Crops and Foods, Agricultural Science, Volume 21, No 2 – September 2007. A clonagem vai ao cinema, Historia Ciencias Saude,  Manghinhos, Brazil, Volume 13, October 2006.Lies Deep Fries and Statistics,Choices,


texts:
 USA. 2005. Perceptions of Risk Relating to Biotechnology in Australia, International Journal of Biotechnology. Vol 5, No 2, 2003. Recent Changes in Public Attitudes Towards Biotechnology in Australia, Australian Biologist, Vol.15 (2), September 2002. Australian Attitudes to GM Foods and Crops, Pesticide Outlook, Royal Society of Chemistry, December 2002. References

External links
 New Holland Publishers: <mask> biography/photo
 Verity LA: An interview with <mask>
 ABC: <mask>ick interview with Margaret Throsby
 Deakin University: Research output for <mask>
 The story behind The Shadow Master – Essay by <mask> at Upcoming4.me

Australian science writers
Living people
People from Canberra
1961 births
Recipients of the Medal of the Order of

masks:
Craig Cormick
Craig Cormick
Craig Corm
Craig Cormick
Craig Cormick


texts:
<mask> ( 1400 – c. 1460) was a Portuguese monk and Commander in the Order of Christ, explorer (credited with the discovery of the Formigas, the re-discovery of the islands of Santa Maria and São Miguel in the Azores) and hereditary landowner responsible for administering Crown lands on the same islands, during the Portuguese Age of Discovery. Biography

Early life
He was son of <mask>, Lord and Alcaide of Veleda, and his wife <mask> (great-aunt of <mask>). His siblings <mask>, <mask>, wife of Fernão Soares de Albergaria, and <mask>, wife of Diogo Gonçalves de Travassos also established settlements in the Azores with their families. Although referenced as <mask> in most modern biographies, he is generally referred to as <mask> in historical documents. Explorer
In 1431, <mask> was in the Vila de Tancos, along the Tagus River, when he received a summons from the Prince Henry, Governor of the Order of Christ, who ordered him to depart from Sagres in a caravel, with instructions to navigate to the western sea, and to "discover some land, [and] return with notice". This first voyage was made to determine the location of "islands" first identified by the Portuguese pilot Diogo de Silves, in 1427. Although the noted chronicler Gaspar Frutuoso has attributed to <mask> the discovery of the seven islands of the Azores, modern historiographer contest this record, limiting his discoveries to the eastern islands alone.In 1431, with less than a few days of travel, <mask> <mask> discovered a scattering of rocky outcroppings, which he examined and were later named the "Formigas". He quickly returned to Sagres, probably due to bad weather. The following year, and during the reign of his brother (King D. Duarte) the Infante, D. Henrique, founded a nautical school in the provincial village of Sagres. <mask> <mask> <mask> was one of the mariners and monks, in the devotion to the

masks:
Gonçalo Velho Cabral
Fernão Velho
Maria Álvares Cabral
Pedro Álvares Cabral
Álvaro Velho Cabral
Teresa Velho Cabral
Violante Velho Cabral
Gonçalo Velho Cabral
Gonçalo Velho
Gonçalo Velho
Gonçalo Velho Cabral
Gonçalo
Velho
Gonçalo
Velho
Cabral


texts:
 Virgin Mary that worked for the Infante. On his orders, <mask> was sent, once again, to search the Ocean Sea to discover new territories for the Portuguese Crown, promising to name the first island to the Virgin. <mask> <mask> <mask> scanned maps and nautical charts for days while at sea, noting the currents and wind directions, during several nights, through storms and gales in search of these mythical lands identified by the Greeks outside the Pillars of Hercules. Finally, on the morning of 15 August (the Feast day of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary), a supposedly calm, warm and clear day, the mariners and seamen could see for large distances.In the distance, though, the mate in the Crow's nest could see along the horizon a cloudy form, which progressively grew in dimensions and darkened, taken on a distinctive form. Finally, when the seaman realized beyond doubt, he yelled down to the crew, Terra à vista! (Land in sight!). As was the custom, Gonçalo <mask> <mask> and his crew began their day with morning mass, benedictions and oratory to God and the Virgin Mary, to help them on their journey and to request their assistance in finding land. As the legend suggests, the seaman yelled out his discovery the crew was saying the Ave Maria and were just pronouncing "Santa Maria" when the cry was heard. The commander considered it a miracle and, remembering the promise he had made, named the island as Santa Maria. Donatary-Captain
With his crew he disembarked on a small beach in the north-western part of the island, which he named Lobos (later known as Ponte dos Cabestrantes) owing to the existence of many Eared seals (from the Portuguese for lobos-marinhos).As was the obligation, the Captain ordered the release of herd animals on the island for future colonization, a point that was later repeated in successive voyages through the archipelago's islands. His group

masks: Cabral Gonçalo Velho Cabral Velho Cabral


texts: circled and explored the island, examining the forested interior, before finally returning to continental Portugal. Cabral sent with him various canisters of earth and water to give the Infante, including examples of the woods unfamiliar to them in Europe. The Infante received these "gifts" in 1432, and immediately ordered that herds be sent to the island, while he organized a plan. For his discovery, <mask> <mask> was given the hereditary fief () of the island of Santa Maria. In 1432, the Infante Henry, upon receiving notice of a mystical island to the north of Santa Maria, sent orders to <mask> <mask> to explore the waters and relate any discovery. On 3 April 1443, King Afonso V of Portugal, on the request of the Henry the Navigator, had bestowed on <mask> <mask> the title of Commander of the Islands of the Azores.Cabral had organized a settlement of essentially familial relations, who would arrive on the island of Santa Maria in the summer of 1435. It was during Henry's encounter with <mask> <mask> that notice of the discovery to the north of Santa Maria was transmitted to the Prince. On his return, <mask> <mask> and his crew made port in Praia dos Lobos on Santa Maria before embarking; <mask> and his Algarvean sailors eventually discovered a large island on 8 May 1444. On this first expedition, the crew ported in the small islet (today near Vila Franca do Campo) naming the large island in honour of the apparition of the archangel Michael (or São Miguel. In a secondary expedition the captain investigated the northern coast of the island, before landing at the mouth of a large ravine in the southeast corner of the island, that settlers would eventually name Povoação Velha (old settlement). As with Santa Maria, he deposited herd animals on the island, and sent to Portugal tree branches, pigeons, a box of dirt and other signs of the new land. Settlement of Santa

masks: Gonçalo Velho Gonçalo Velho Gonçalo Velho Velho Cabral Gonçalo Velho Cabral


texts:
 Maria and São Miguel began in earnest, and <mask> <mask> became the Donatary-Captain of both islands (Santa Maria was settled in 1439, and colonists started arriving on São Miguel in 1444).During this period, he ordered the burning/clearing of lands and donated vast tracts of lands to family members and loyal servants, who began to cultivate wheat, raised honey-bees and planted grapevines from Crete. At the same time the Infante Henry had ordered Moorish peoples () with Cabral to immediately settle the newly discovered lands of São Miguel, who found signs of attempted earlier settlement of the island. In 1445, Cabral returned to the waters of São Miguel with  nobles and settlers (bringing with them herd animals, birds, wheat and vegetables) in order to settle the island. Arriving in a period of seismic activity, his crew discovered floating pumice stone and tree trunks as arrived closer to their port. Making landfall on 29 September they encountered the Moorish settlers who, over time "perished" (but likely became intermingled in the ensuing population). Later life
Under his administration, São Miguel and Santa Maria remained a single Captaincy until 1474, when Velho <mask> sold São Miguel to Rui Gonçalves da Câmara. His sister Teresa's only child João Soares, a physician by profession, succeeded <mask> <mask> <mask> as second Donatary-Captain of Santa Maria and São Miguel; João Soares was married twice: to Brites Godins (d. 1474), with whom they had no heirs, and later Branca de Sousa Falcão (daughter of João de Sousa Falcão, Lord de Figueiredo and Lord of the Manor de Fataúnços) whose son inherited the Captaincy of Santa Maria.References

Notes

Sources

Donatary-Captains of the Azores
1400s births
1460s deaths
Portuguese explorers
Maritime history of Portugal
15th-century explorers
15th-century Portuguese people
Roman Catholic monks
Portuguese

masks: Gonçalo Velho Cabral Gonçalo Velho Cabral


texts:
<mask> (born October 21, 1982) is a Canadian former professional baseball pitcher and current bullpen coach for the Milwaukee Brewers of Major League Baseball (MLB). He played in MLB for the Milwaukee Brewers and New York Mets. Early life
<mask> was born in Calgary, Alberta, to Marilyn and <mask>, an auto mechanic at the University of Calgary. <mask>'s father died as a result of Lou Gehrig's disease when <mask> was a teenager. As a high school student, <mask> played summer baseball for the Okotoks Dawgs in Calgary. He graduated from Central Memorial High School before playing two seasons at Midland College, a junior college in Texas, then moving on to Tennessee Wesleyan College and the Bulldogs of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics. Playing career

Montreal Expos/Washington Nationals (2003–2006)
<mask> was drafted by the Montreal Expos in the 26th round of the 2003 Major League Baseball draft.He made his professional debut that summer pitching out of the bullpen for the Rookie League Gulf Coast League Expos and Class A Short Season Vermont Expos in the New York–Penn League. He played the entire 2004 season with Vermont and was promoted to the Class A Savannah Sand Gnats of the South Atlantic League in 2005. After opening the 2006 season with the Class A-Advanced Carolina League's Potomac Nationals, <mask> was sent back to Savannah for three games before returning to Potomac for the rest of the campaign. Chicago Cubs (2007–2008)
The Chicago Cubs selected <mask> in the 2006 Rule 5 draft. He played the majority of 2007 with the Double-A Tennessee Smokies in the Southern League except for eight games in the middle of the season with the Triple-A Iowa Cubs in the Pacific Coast League. He began the 2008 season at Tennessee but was promoted to Iowa after five games. He pitched three games at Triple-A Iowa before a shoulder injury ended his season and

masks:
James Duffy Henderson
Henderson
Neil Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson


texts:
 resulted in his release from the Cubs organization in March 2009.Milwaukee Brewers (2009–2015)

<mask> signed a minor league contract with the Milwaukee Brewers before the start of the 2009 season. He played the majority of that year with the Class A Wisconsin Timber Rattlers in the Midwest League but was promoted to the Florida State League's Class A-Advanced Brevard County Manatees midseason and the Double-A Southern League's Huntsville Stars in August. Over 26 appearances for Wisconsin, <mask> held 1.07 earned run average (ERA) with 26 strikeouts in  innings, which earned him a spot in the 2009 Midwest League All-Star Game. He played the entire 2010 season with Huntsville after which he became a free agent. After re-signing with the Brewers, he split the 2011 campaign between Huntsville and the Triple-A Nashville Sounds in the Pacific Coast League. After ten years in the minors, <mask> earned his first promotion to MLB when the Milwaukee Brewers summoned him from Nashville on July 26, 2012, making his major league debut that night against the Washington Nationals, pitching one inning and striking out the first batter he faced, Roger Bernadina. At Nashville, he was selected for the Triple-A All-Star Game with a 1.69 ERA, 56 strikeouts, 4 wins, and 15 saves as the Sounds' closer.In 2013, <mask> replaced struggling fellow Canadian-born John Axford as the Brewers' closer. <mask> went 5–5 with a 2.70 ERA while collecting 28 saves in 32 opportunities. His fastball had high velocity, reaching up to , and he established his slider as a strikeout pitch, which established him as a strikeout pitcher, finishing the season with an 11.3 K/9. Francisco Rodríguez closed while <mask> was on the disabled list (DL) with a hamstring strain, but <mask> regained the role after Rodriguez was traded to the Baltimore Orioles. <mask> won the Brewers closer job for 2014 out of spring

masks: Henderson Henderson Henderson Henderson Henderson Henderson Henderson Henderson


texts:
 training despite experiencing a loss in velocity. This was later revealed to be caused by right shoulder inflammation, and he went on the 15-day DL in April after compiling a 7.15 ERA in 14 games pitched. <mask> was later transferred to the 60-day DL following a minor league rehab assignment, and he ended up missing the rest of the season after having shoulder surgery in August.Still seeking to reclaim his lost velocity after his 2014 shoulder surgery, <mask> was outrighted to the Triple-A Colorado Springs Sky Sox on May 21, 2015. He spent over a month on the DL at Colorado Springs and elected to become a free agent after the season. New York Mets (2016)
<mask> signed a minor league contract with the New York Mets for 2015 that included an invitation to spring training. He made the Mets' roster for Opening Day in 2016 after a spring training in which he posted a 1.69 ERA with 13 strikeouts over  innings beating out Sean Gilmartin for the last spot in the Mets' bullpen. On June 21, he was placed on the DL with tendinitis in his right biceps. After 14 minor league rehab appearances, mostly with the Triple-A Las Vegas 51s, he was activated from the DL and added to the active roster on August 20. He was outrighted to Triple-A after the season and elected free agency.Chicago Cubs (2017)
<mask> signed a minor league contract with the Chicago Cubs for 2017 with an invitation to spring training, but he was released before the season's start. Milwaukee Brewers (2018)
In 2018, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Milwaukee Brewers. He was assigned to the Double-A Biloxi Shuckers in the Southern League and placed on the 60-Day DL. He was released after the season without having appeared in any games. Coaching career
During the 2018 season, while he was on the Biloxi 60-Day DL, <mask> assisted in Milwaukee's scouting department and served as the bullpen coach for

masks: Henderson Henderson Henderson Henderson Henderson Henderson


texts:
 Milwaukee's Class A Short Season Helena Brewers in the Pioneer League. In 2019, he was the pitching coach with the Class A Wisconsin Timber Rattlers. Before the cancellation of the 2020 minor league season, he was slated to be the pitching coach for the Brewers' Triple-A San Antonio Missions.<mask> began serving as pitching coach for the Brewers' new Triple-A affiliate, the Nashville Sounds, in 2021. <mask> was promoted to Milwaukee to serve as their bullpen coach beginning with the 2022 season. International competition
<mask> was a member of the gold medal winning Canadian national baseball team at the 2011 Pan American Games. In recognition of the victory, the team was inducted into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame in 2012. References

External links

1982 births
Living people
Águilas del Zulia players
Arizona League Brewers players
Baseball people from Alberta
Baseball players at the 2011 Pan American Games
Binghamton Mets players
Biloxi Shuckers players
Brevard County Manatees players
Canadian baseball coaches
Canadian expatriate baseball players in the United States
Colorado Springs Sky Sox players
Gulf Coast Expos players
Huntsville Stars players
Iowa Cubs players
Las Vegas 51s players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball players from Canada
Milwaukee Brewers players
Minor league baseball coaches
Nashville Sounds players
New York Mets players
Pan American Games gold medalists for Canada
Pan American Games medalists in baseball
Potomac Nationals players
Savannah Sand Gnats players
Sportspeople from Calgary
St. Lucie Mets players
Tennessee Smokies players
Tennessee Wesleyan Bulldogs baseball players
Vermont Expos players
Wisconsin Timber Rattlers players
World Baseball Classic players of Canada
2013 World Baseball Classic players
2017 World Baseball Classic players
Medalists at the 2011 Pan American Games
Canadian expatriate baseball players

masks: Henderson Henderson Henderson


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<mask> or <mask> () (born Robert Karr Jackman, July 27, 1934) is one of the senior Western representatives of the Thai forest tradition of Theravada Buddhism. He was abbot of Amaravati Buddhist Monastery, UK, from its consecration in 1984 until his retirement in 2010. Luang Por means Venerable Father (หลวงพ่อ), an honorific and term of affection in keeping with Thai custom; ajahn means teacher. A bhikkhu since 1967, <mask> is considered a seminal figure in the transmission of the Buddha's teachings to the West. Biography
<mask> was born Robert Karr Jackman in Seattle, Washington, in 1934. During the Korean War he served for four years from the age of 18 as a United States navy medic. He then did a BA in Far Eastern studies and graduated in 1963 with an MA in South Asian studies at the University of California, Berkeley.After a year as a Red Cross social worker, Jackman served with the Peace Corps in Borneo from 1964 to 1966 as an English teacher. On break in Singapore, sitting one morning in a sidewalk café, he watched a Buddhist monk walk by and thought to himself, "That looks interesting." In 1966, he became a novice or samanera at Wat Sri Saket in Nong Khai, northeast Thailand. He ordained as a bhikkhu (Buddhist monk) in May the following year. From 1967 to 1977 at Wat Nong Pah Pong, he trained under <mask> Chah. He has come to be regarded as the latter's most influential Western disciple. In 1975, he helped to establish and became the first abbot of the International Forest Monastery, Wat Pa Nanachat in northeast Thailand founded by <mask> Chah for training his non-Thai students.In 1977, <mask> <mask> accompanied <mask> Chah on a visit to England. After observing a keen interest in Buddhism among Westerners, Ajahn Chah encouraged Ajahn <mask> to remain in England for the

masks:
Luang Por Sumedho
Ajahn Sumedho
Sumedho
Ajahn Sumedho
Ajahn
Ajahn
Ajahn
Sumedho
Ajahn
Sumedho


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 purpose of establishing a branch monastery in the UK. This became Cittaviveka Forest Monastery in West Sussex. <mask> <mask> was granted authority to ordain others as monks shortly after he established Cittaviveka Forest Monastery. He then established a ten precept ordination lineage for women, "Siladhara". Until his retirement, Ajahn <mask> was the abbot of Amaravati Buddhist Monastery near Hemel Hempstead in England, which was established in 1984. Amaravati is part of the network of monasteries and Buddhist centres in the lineage of Ajahn Chah, which now extends across the world, from Thailand, New Zealand and Australia, to Europe, Canada, and the United States.<mask> <mask> played an instrumental role in building this international monastic community. <mask> <mask>'s imminent retirement was announced in February 2010, and he retired in November of that year. His successor is the English monk <mask> Amaro, hitherto co-abbot of the Abhayagiri branch monastery in California's Redwood Valley. <mask> <mask> returned to  Amaravati Buddhist Monastery near Hemel Hempstead in England in 2020 and now resides there. Teachings

<mask> <mask> is a prominent figure in the Thai Forest Tradition. His teachings are very direct, practical, simple, and down to earth. In his talks and sermons he stresses the quality of immediate intuitive awareness and the integration of this kind of awareness into daily life.Like most teachers in the Forest Tradition, <mask> <mask> tends to avoid intellectual abstractions of the Buddhist teachings and focuses almost exclusively on their practical applications, that is, developing awareness and wisdom in daily life. His most consistent advice can be paraphrased as to see things the way that they actually are rather than the way that we want or don't want them

masks: Ajahn Sumedho Sumedho Ajahn Sumedho Ajahn Sumedho Ajahn Ajahn Sumedho Ajahn Sumedho Ajahn Sumedho


texts:
 to be ("Right now, it's like this..."). He is known for his engaging and witty communication style, in which he challenges his listeners to practice and see for themselves. Students have noted that he engages his hearers with an infectious sense of humor, suffused with much loving kindness, often weaving amusing anecdotes from his experiences as a monk into his talks on meditation practice and how to experience life ("Everything belongs"). Sound of Silence
A meditation technique taught and used by <mask> <mask> involves resting in what he calls "the sound of silence". He talks at length about this technique in one of his books titled The Way It Is. <mask> <mask> said that he was directly influenced by Edward Salim Michael's book, The Way of Inner Vigilance (republished in 2010 with the new title, The Law of Attention, Nada Yoga and the Way of Inner Vigilance and for which <mask> <mask> wrote a preface).The Sound of Silence is also the title of one of <mask> <mask>'s books (published by Wisdom Publications in 2007). Compilation of 108 mp3 talks or reflections given by Luang Por <mask> from 1978 until 2010. Collection of 1,298 mp3 talks or the entire collection of Dhamma talks given by Luang Por <mask> until 2014. Books by <mask> <mask> (online, in epub, mobi or pdf format)
Mp3 talks by <mask> <mask> at dharmaseed.org
 English with Portuguese sub titles. Ajahn <mask>'s eBooks in English and other Languages. <mask> <mask> Interviewed

1934 births
Living people
Converts to Buddhism from Christianity
20th-century American philosophers
21st-century American philosophers
20th-century Buddhist monks
21st-century Buddhist monks
American expatriates in Thailand
American scholars of Buddhism
Theravada Buddhism writers
Theravada Buddhist monks
American Buddhist monks
American Theravada

masks: Ajahn Sumedho Ajahn Sumedho Ajahn Sumedho Ajahn Sumedho Sumedho Sumedho Ajahn Sumedho Ajahn Sumedho Sumedho Ajahn Sumedho


texts:
<mask> is a Francophone African woman novelist and literary critic. She is Professor of AfroAmerican and African Studies and Comparative Literature at the University of Michigan and is currently the Hunting Family Fellow at the Institute for the Humanities. She is best known for her novels, which focus on gender and sexuality in Sub-Saharan Africa, and her work on the writer Jean Genet, particular her political analysis of his prison writing, and his impact as a race theorist in the Francophone world. Her research and teaching focuses on literature, film, race and law in the Francophone world, spanning France, Africa, the Caribbean and the Maghreb. Life
<mask> was born in Cameroon and was raised in Switzerland. Ekotto received her B.A. from Colorado College in 1986, and her PhD in Comparative Literature from the University of Minnesota in 1994.She won the prestigious Chateaubriand fellowship to complete her dissertation. Ekotto began working at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1994. She has held faculty and leadership positions at the Concordia Language Villages in Minnesota, University of Technology, Sydney, Sichuan University, and the Consortium of Universities of Wisconsin, Indiana and Michigan in Aix-en-Provence, France. Creative writing

<mask>'s recent novel, Chuchote pas trop/Don't Whisper Too Much was published by the major French publishing house, L'Harmattan, in 2005. The novel focuses on a love affair between two women, Siliki and Ada. Siliki is handicapped, and older than Ada, and the story chronicles their love and intimacy through writing as a common mode of communication. Siliki mean silk in Douala, Ekotto's first language.In an interview, <mask> has said that the homoerotic content of the novel made it difficult to find a

masks:
Frieda Ekotto
Frieda Ekotto
Ekotto
Ekotto


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 publisher in Africa, as it is the first positive depiction of love between women in the African context. Don't Whisper Too Much and Portrait of A Young Artiste from Bona Mbella, translated to English by Corine Tachtiris, were published by Bucknell University Press in 2019. <mask>'s writing has been said to have been heavily influenced by Jean Genet. Critical work
<mask>'s scholarly work covers Jean Genet and on film and literature in the Francophone world. In her first book, L’Ecriture carcérale et le discours juridique chez Genet/Prison Writing and Legal Discourse in Jean Genet (L'Harmattan, 2001), she studied the rhythms and rhetorical patterns of prisoners in French literature as a form of "minor literature", a category discussed by philosophers Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. In this book, Ekotto discusses how prisoners depict the consequences of criminal prosecution and imprisonment using the codes of literary expression. Her later work expands upon the production of criminality to discuss how race is produced and entrenched as a legal and political discourse.Her second book, What Color is Black? Race and Sex across the French Atlantic, (Lexington, 2011) argues that the French Atlantic has shaped notions of race, slavery and colonialism throughout the Atlantic World through contributing a distinctly French philosophical paradigm to the Civil Rights Movement. Through literary and historical analysis of Jean Genet's play Les Nègres/The Blacks, Ekotto argues that Genet brings together both one of the most compelling signifiers of African-American pride and anger in the Civil Rights Movement and the Francophone Négritude movement. Throughout all of her work, Ekotto has been interested in the aesthetic potential and limitations of cultural

masks: Ekotto Ekotto


texts:
 tropes. Her a recent edited collection on Jean Genet, Toutes Les Images du language: Jean Genet, capitalises on the concept of the stereotype in the institution. Ekotto has commented in an interview: "Confinement is a serious issue for me—and it is not just the confinement of being behind closed doors or in prisons or whatever. What I call confinement is the impossibility of feeling free, of being able to participate in the world without feeling constrained by one's race, one's gender, one's sexual orientation etc.In a sense you're never free to do what you want because of all the outside forces that control you and control everything else." Race and Sex across the French Atlantic

In Race and Sex across the French Atlantic, Ekotto unpacks Jean Genet's play Les Nègres/The Blacks in the 1960s United States to shed light on the Civil Rights Movement, riots in the Parisian banlieues (suburbs), and abstract French theatre. Through bringing these three events together, Ekotto argues that the French Atlantic represents "a fundamentally different philosophical and epistemological framework for articulations on black subjectivity throughout history." Chapter one of the book focuses on the African-American playwright Lorraine Hansberry's response to Les Nègres/The Blacks. Chapter two traces the genealogy of the French term "nègre" and the English "nigger" and its creation of alterity in European and United States cultural discourse. The book's third chapter uses Faïze Guène's Kiffe, kiffe demain to link French colonial history to the 2009 Parisian riots. The final chapter performs a close reading of Dany Laferrière's Comment faire l'amour avec un nègre sans se fatiguer/How to Make Love to a Negro without Getting Tired to explore the role of sexuality in the


texts:
 formation of alterity.About this book, Roxanna Curto has written that "Ekotto makes a compelling argument for a trans-Atlantic approach, and skilfully illustrates how literary texts in French critique Western philosophy." Selected works
 <mask>, F., 2011, Race and Sex across the French Atlantic: The Color of Black in Literary, Philosophical, and Theater Discourse (New York: Lexington Press). <mask>. F., and B. Boisseron (eds). 2011.Voix du monde : Nouvelles francophones (Bordeaux: Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux, France). <mask>, F., 2010, Portrait d’une jeune artiste de Bona Mbella (a novel, Paris: L’Harmattan). <mask>, F., and Adeline Koh (eds).2009. Rethinking Third Cinema: The Role of Anti-colonial Media and Aesthetics in Postmodernity. Germany: LIT Berlin. <mask>, F., Aurélie Renaud; Agnès Vannouvong. 2008. Toutes les images du langage: Jean Genet, Presse de l'Université de Paris Sorbone/Biblioteca Della Ricerca, Transatlantique 9. <mask>, F., 2005, Chuchote pas trop (a novel; Paris: L'Harmattan).<mask>, F., 2001, L'Ecriture carcérale et le discours juridique: Jean Genet, Paris: L’Harmattan. <mask>, F., and Delvaux, M., 1998, Special issue of L'Esprit Créateur on the topic of "Narrative and Confinement." <mask>, F., Don't Whisper Too Much and Portrait of A Young Artiste from Bona Mbella, English translation by Corine Tachtiris. (Bucknell University Press, 2019). References

Living people
University of Michigan faculty
Colorado College alumni
University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Cameroonian novelists
Cameroonian women novelists
21st-century novelists
20th-century Cameroonian writers
21st-century Cameroonian writers
20th-century Cameroonian women writers
21st-century Cameroonian women

masks: Ekotto Ekotto Ekotto Ekotto Ekotto Ekotto Ekotto Ekotto Ekotto


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<mask> (October 15, 1896 – December 23, 1991) was an American painter and printmaker. Her early prints focus on the role of women, sometimes in a satirical manner, in a style known as urban realism. Early life and education

<mask> was born on October 15, 1896 in Newark, New Jersey, the youngest of five children. She began to study art in 1924 at the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, while married and living in Brooklyn, taking care of her two children. By 1928, she was studying at the Art Students League with John Sloan and Kenneth Hayes Miller, whose satirical depictions of city life influenced her own style. She had her first solo exhibition in 1930 at the New School for Social Research. Career
As a young mother, she attended the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Science, the New York School of Applied Design for Women and Art Students League of New York (1928–35), where she studied with John Sloan, Harry Sternberg, Kimon Nicolaïdes, and Kenneth Hayes Miller.She had her first solo exhibit in 1930 at the New School for Social Research. In 1934, she divorced her husband and moved with her two children to Union Square, New York where she became involved in the Fourteenth Street School. There, she became acquainted with other artists of the movement, including Isabel Bishop, Reginald Marsh, and Raphael Soyer. During this period, <mask> often drew her subject matter from her urban surroundings, depicting the people and places of Union Station in an urban realist style. Her work was also influenced by that of artist Honoré Daumier. In 1935, <mask> had her first major critically acclaimed solo show titled "Feminanities," at the Midtown Gallery in New York City. The work in this show addressed issues of gender and sexism in a satirical light; in these pieces, Citron not only criticized men for the subordination of women, but also held women accountable for their own complicity in a sexist society.Pieces such as Beauty Parlor (1933) and Demonstration (1932) depicted women's preoccupation with the culture of beauty, while pieces such as

masks:
Minna Wright Citron
Minna Wright
Citron
Citron


texts: Cold Comfort (1935) more directly address the objectification of women for the pleasure of men. In the late 1930s, <mask> became involved with the Works Progress Administration Federal Art Project, working as a teacher from 1935 to 1937, and completing numerous government mural commissions between 1938 and 1942. Her work includes the oil on canvas murals titled Horse Swapping in the Manchester, Tennessee post office and TVA Power in the Newport, Tennessee post office, commissioned by the Treasury Section of Fine Arts, and completed in the early 1940s. During this time, <mask> also taught at the Brooklyn Museum School (1940-1944) and at the Pratt Institute. She also became a member of the Society of American Graphic Artists. In the early 1940s, <mask>'s work shifted towards a more abstract style. She joined Atelier 17, a renowned printmaking school and studio which had been relocated to New York due to World War II.There, she encountered numerous artists such as Marc Chagall, André Masson, and Jacques Lipchitz, and began experimenting with new styles and innovative techniques. During her time at Atelier 17, she pioneered new methods of three-dimensional printmaking and assemblage. She also began to embrace chance, spontaneity, and mistakes in her work and relying on improvisation or automatism, a method consistent with the work of other artists at Atelier 17 and perhaps influenced by <mask>'s interest in Freudian psychoanalysis and the unconscious, which she had become familiar with in the 1920s. Soon after World War II she traveled abroad to Paris. In the 1950s, she taught art at the High School of Music & Art where she was respected as a teacher who introduced her students to all the possible means of expression from realism to the current avant-garde abstract expressionists. A 1960 solo exhibit in Zagreb was the first time an American artist had mounted such a show in Yugoslavia. In the 1970s (when she was in her seventies), she strongly identified with the women's movement and considered herself a feminist at heart, although she

masks: Citron Citron Citron Citron


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 was never directly involved with organized feminist movements or protests.During the 1970s and 1980s, <mask> continued to produce prints, alternating between abstract and representational styles. She continued to work well into her nineties. In 1985, she received the Women's Caucus for Art Lifetime Achievement Award. Personal life and legacy
<mask> Wright married <mask>, a businessman; they had two sons, Casper and Thomas, before their divorce in 1935. She had a longtime relationship with lawyer and philanthropist Arthur B. Brenner; their shared interest in psychoanalysis was an influence on <mask>'s work. <mask> <mask> died on 21 December 1991, age 95, at Beth Israel Hospital, Manhattan. Her papers are at Syracuse University.Her work is in the collection of the Georgia Museum of Art. 116 of her prints can be found in the collection of the Ulrich Museum of Art. A traveling exhibition of her work, titled "<mask> <mask>: The Uncharted Course From Realism to Abstraction," was organized by the Juniata College Museum of Art in Huntingdon, PA and the artist's granddaughter. It appeared at Georgia Museum of Art late in 2012, Texas A&M University in 2013, and at University of Richmond in late 2014. It opened at Syracuse University in February 2015. <mask>'s work is also included in a traveling exhibition "Prints by Women: Selected European and American Works from the Georgia Museum of Art," organized by the Georgia Museum of Art. Her image is included in the iconic 1972 poster  Some Living American Women Artists by Mary Beth Edelson.References

External links
 <mask> <mask> works in the Smithsonian American Art Museum

1896 births
1991 deaths
Feminist artists
Art Students League of New York alumni
American women painters
American muralists
20th-century American painters
Artists from Newark, New Jersey
Painters from New Jersey
People of the New Deal arts projects
20th-century American women artists
American women printmakers
Women muralists
20th-century American printmakers
New York School of Applied Design for Women alumni
Atelier 17

masks:
Citron
Minna
Henry Citron
Citron
Minna
Citron
Minna
Citron
Citron
Minna
Citron


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<mask><mask> (August 28, 1880 – March 25, 1954) was a 20th-century police judge and city attorney in Los Angeles, California, who became known and commended throughout the nation. Personal

<mask> was born in Mazeppa, Minnesota on August 28, 1880. His parents were Sarah J. Hill and <mask>. He had a younger sister <mask>. When <mask> was about nine years old his mother died. Soon after, his father died or abandoned his children. <mask> and <mask> lived with relatives in Oronoco, Minnesota.As a young man, <mask> lived and worked on a farm run by his grandfather, <mask>. Hill, until he was seventeen. <mask> came to California in 1904. He was married on April 9, 1909, to Ada B. Tripp in her home at 755 Maple Avenue. He was a member of the Jonathan Club, Wilshire Country Club, Blue Lodge and Scottish Rite Masonic Order and Al Malaikah Temple of the Shrine. <mask> died at the age of 73 on March 25, 1954, in Good Samaritan Hospital after suffering a heart attack in his home at 5531 Red Oak Drive in the Hollywood Hills neighborhood. He was survived by his widow, Ada R<mask>; a son, <mask>, and a daughter, Geraldine Warwick-Owensmith. A funeral service was conducted in the Hollywood Beverly Christian Church, 1717 North Gramercy Place, with interment in Inglewood Park Cemetery.Vocation

Following his grandfather's death in 1897, <mask> went to Pine Island, Minnesota, to study telegraphy under James Finegan, of the Chicago and Northwestern Railway. After eighteen months, he became a night telegraph operator for the Minneapolis & St. Louis Railway. From there <mask> went to St. Paul and worked for his cousin, W. A. Tilden in the wholesale commission business. He became an auditor with the Northern Pacific Railroad. He also studied stenography and took a job in the general freight office of the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railroad, advancing to private secretary to H. M. Pearce, the general freight agent. In 1904 <mask> came to California and worked as a telegrapher for the Santa Fe Railroad and as a secretary before

masks:
Raymond L
. Chesebro
Chesebro
George Chesebro
Lillian
Ray
Ray
Lillian
Ray
Levi P
Chesebro
Chesebro
. Chesebro
Marvin Chesebro
Ray
Chesebro
Chesebro


texts:
 resettling in San Pedro, California. He was the manager of an annexation committee that successfully campaigned to annex a shoestring strip connecting Los Angeles with the harborfront cities of San Pedro and Wilmington.He next became secretary or assistant secretary in the Los Angeles County Good Roads Association and organized a campaign on behalf of paving the roadways in Los Angeles County. In July 1907 he was named secretary of a new County Highway Commission. He read law in the offices of Bryan Hanna, a pioneer Los Angeles attorney, and was admitted to the bar in 1909. For two years <mask> was in private practice until he was appointed a police judge in 1911; he then successfully faced the voters in 1914 and 1918. He did not stand for reelection in 1922. He was in private practice again until 1933, when he was elected city attorney over the incumbent, Erwin P. Warner, and was afterward reelected in the primaries by heavy majorities four times. In his first election, it was said that Chesebro was a beneficiary of <mask>. Haight's organization, the Minute Men, who backed Thatcher L. Kemp in his campaign against Buron Fitts for reelection as Los Angeles city attorney.Of his time as city attorney, the Los Angeles Times reported that <mask>:

completely reorganized the office with an eye toward economy and cut costs nearly a quarter in the first four years. The appointive office of City Prosecutor, formerly a political plum, was abolished and its functions taken over by the City Attorney's office. For the first time, he created a criminal division in the office. <mask>'s legal work in fields like "zoning, public works, bond issues, water supplies, Federal-municipal relations, loyalty oaths and control of tidelands resources, was known throughout the nation and widely commended." Described as "a major figure in the local policial scene," he retired in July 1953 and was succeeded by Roger Arnebergh. Opinions and positions

Police judge

 In 1917, Chesebro defended the Police Department's use of its "Metropolitan or 'Purity'

masks:
Chesebro
Raymond L
Chesebro
Chesebro


texts:
 Squad" to apprehend prostitutes. He said:

Today the methods employed are to take some marked money, go to a street frequented by outcast women and agree with one of them to go to a rooming-house.There the officer gives the woman the marked money and she is arrested on a charge of violating the rooming-house ordinance. That is the only method we can employ [as opposed to] a system of espionage by which an officer would watch a suspected woman until she should meet a man and go to a room with him. Then the arrest would be made, but the policeman would have to prove that the arrested people were not married. If every man and woman would  stand pat, no convictions could be secured. City attorney

 On direction of the City Council, <mask> filed suit in 1940 against the owners of Gilmore Island, an unincorporated area in West Los Angeles, where sporting events, he said, resulted in "vehement complaints of some 30,000" city residents living next to the area. He said the activities "create unbearable noises, rowdyism and glaring lights way into the night, depriving the persons living there of normal, quiet and happy homes." He warned a convention of the National Institute of Municipal Law Officers in 1941 against the "specter of government ownership of tide and submerged lands," which, he said, included more than $2 billion worth of oil deposits off the coast of Southern California.He warned against "oil-grab" bills that "either died a natural death or are in a state of coma to be brought to life at some future date when resistance is not so severe." In 1946-47 he was a trustee of the organization. In 1944, <mask> ordered the closing of a building at 253 South Broadway which had been used as sleeping quarters for U.S. servicemen, warning that "there is unquestioned violation of State fire laws" and alluding to a 1942 Boston night club fire in which more than 400 persons died and city officials there were convicted of lax law enforcement. Any public worker could be barred from holding membership in a labor union if such an

masks: Chesebro Chesebro


texts:
 affiliation is ruled "against public interests," <mask> opined in the wake of a 1947 appellate court decision that upheld the dissolution of a police officers union. If the board in charge of the department finds "that union membership of its employees is against public interest[,] the board simply tells the workers either to get out of the union of off the public pay roll." There would be no way to confine gangster Mickey Cohen unless he has committed a crime, <mask> told the City Council in a 1952 written opinion after City Councilman Kenneth Hahn suggested that Cohen be taken into protective custody "where he will not be a constant hazard to the safety of innocent persons." <mask> said: "We cannot proceed against him on the basis of his being a public nuisance when nuisance consists primarily of people who assault his home or himself, each of which instance is beyond his control.... "

Legacy

After his retirement, he was honored by the National Institute of Municipal Law Officers for "setting an example of the way a City Attorney's office should be run" with a citation that read: "In a city where tremendous increases of population created problems of vast magnitude, his solutions to new legal questions will stand forever as a monument." Burglary

During the cemetery rites for <mask>, two Los Angeles police officers were waiting inside <mask>'s Hollywood Hills home on a stakeout in hopes of catching a burglar who had been looting the homes of families during funeral services. They apprehended and, after a short chase, arrested an ex-convict who had broken into and entered <mask>'s home. The man, who admitted stealing $10,000 worth of property from other homes, had been watching newspapers "for his cues, especially daily when services were announced for a prominent person," the Los Angeles Times reported. References and notes

1881 births
1954 deaths
Los Angeles City Attorneys
20th-century American politicians
American lawyers admitted to the practice of law by reading law
People from Wabasha County,

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Elizabeth Mae "<mask>" <mask> (born October 10, 1983) is an American singer, musician, and songwriter. She is best known as the lead singer and rhythm guitarist of hard rock band Halestorm, which she co-founded with her brother <mask> in 1997. Career

<mask> began writing and performing music in 1997. She has since gained success as Halestorm's lead singer, and with guest appearances alongside artists such as Eric Church, Lindsey Stirling, Shinedown, Machine Gun Kelly, Black Stone Cherry, Seether, Adrenaline Mob, Ray Wylie Hubbard, The Hu, and Stone Sour. Revolver appearances
In the December 2009 issue of Revolver magazine, <mask> appeared on the cover alongside former Landmine Marathon vocalist Grace Perry as one of the "Hottest Chicks in Metal". For most years since, <mask> has been listed as one of the magazine's "Hottest" either in the magazine and/or in its Hottest Chicks calendar. For the magazine's February/March 2015 issue, <mask> appeared alone on the cover for both a feature article and once more as one of Revolver'''s "25 hottest chicks in hard rock and metal".<mask> has also written the advice column "Ask Lzzy" for Revolver. Gibson Brand Ambassador
In 2021, Gibson announced that <mask> was being named the first female Gibson Brand Ambassador. A long time fan and user, <mask> had previously partnered with Gibson to design the Limited Edition Lzzy Hale Explorer guitar. As a Brand Ambassador, it was announced <mask> would help create new signature models from Gibson, Epiphone, and Kramer. She was also added to the Gibson Gives Advisory Board, a group “where artists present philanthropic opportunities that fulfill the

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Arejay Hale
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 Gibson Gives foundation’s mission of creating, developing, and supporting non-profit organizations to advance musicians, youth-focused education, and wellness initiatives.”

Guest appearances

As a musical artist <mask> has collaborated with a number of other notable bands. Some of the songs she has lent vocals to include:
 Shinedown songs "Shed Some Light" (on Us and Them) and "Breaking Inside" (on The Sound of Madness). Device's cover song "Close My Eyes Forever" (on Device)
 Trans-Siberian Orchestra's "Forget About the Blame (Moon Version)" (on Letters From the Labyrinth)
 Lindsey Stirling's title track "Shatter Me" (on Shatter Me)
 Black Stone Cherry's "Won't Let Go" (on Between the Devil & the Deep Blue Sea)
 Adrenaline Mob's cover of "Come Undone" (on Omertá) originally by Duran Duran
 Stone Sour's cover of "Gimme Shelter" (on Straight Outta Burbank...) originally by The Rolling Stones
Machine Gun Kelly's "Spotlight" (on General Admission)
Dada Life's track "Tic Tic Tic"
Dream Theater track "Our New World" (single, 2016)
New Years Day's cover of "Only Happy When It Rains" (on Diary of a Creep) originally by Garbage.Also performed live at the 2017 Alternative Press Music Awards. On April 7, 2018, <mask>, backed by Cane Hill, played wrestler Ember Moon to the ring for her NXT Women's title defence against Shayna Baszler, performing her entrance theme "Free the Flame" at NXT TakeOver: New Orleans. She was also announced to be a judge on the inaugural season of the television show “No Cover”, a music competition show where unsigned bands and artists will perform original songs with the hope of winning a record contract.

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 Awards and nominations

Personal life
<mask> is the fourth Elizabeth Mae in her family, she said in an interview for Loudwire'''s "Wikipedia Fact or Fiction". On October 11, 2014, <mask> said she is bisexual on her personal Twitter account. In 2015, bandmate Josh Smith confirmed that <mask> was in a relationship with fellow Halestorm guitarist Joe Hottinger, and in 2021, <mask> stated on Twitter, “I’m a bi gal in an 18-year relationship with a man.“

On February 29, 2020, <mask> performed at Nashville SC's inaugural Major League Soccer match at Nissan Stadium. <mask> often speaks out about the importance of supporting one's mental health.In 2018, she started the #RaiseYourHorns trend online following the suicide of Huntress vocalist Jill Janus, resulting in thousands of pictures being posted online from celebrities and rock fans sharing their own experiences with mental illness. References

External links

 Halestorm at Atlantic Records
 GRAMMY Award Results for <mask> <mask>

Living people
American women heavy metal singers
American rock guitarists
Grammy Award winners
People from Red Lion, Pennsylvania
Singers from Pennsylvania
American hard rock musicians
Bisexual musicians
Bisexual women
LGBT singers from the United States
LGBT songwriters
LGBT people from Pennsylvania
1983 births
20th-century American women guitarists
20th-century American guitarists
21st-century American women guitarists
21st-century American guitarists
Guitarists from Pennsylvania
20th-century American women singers
21st-century American women singers
20th-century American singers
21st-century American singers
20th-century LGBT people
21st-century LGBT

masks: Hale Hale Hale Hale Hale Hale Lzzy Hale


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<mask> (born November 6, 1985 in El Limón) is a beach volleyball and volleyball player from Costa Rica who played the 2006 and 2010 FIVB indoor World Championships and the 2015 World Championships and the 2016 Summer Olympics in beach volleyball. Personal and early life
<mask> is  tall , born as <mask> on June 11, 1985 in Limón, Limón Province, Costa Rica. She is the daughter of <mask> a former basketball player, and Brenda Charles Clark, now-deceased, who is former sports educator and  national record holder in track and field. She have an older sister named <mask> and a little brother named Carlton. As an Afro-Costa Rican, she expressed along with boxer Hanna Gabriel pride for her roots, backing and celebrating the Day of the Black Person and Afro-Costa Rican Culture. Career

2006
Kope played the Pan-AmericanCup, reaching the eleventh place and the seventh place during the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games, where most of the Costa Rican athletes had to cover their own expenses, including the entire volleyball team. After playing the TV Azteca Women's Stars tournament, she made the selection for the 2006 FIVB World Championship, appointed for jumping ability and considered one of the team's top players.The Costa Rica national team, then ranked No.33, lost 0–3 in their World Championships debut to Korea in spite of <mask>'s team resistance, and many defensive mistakes. 0–3 to Japan to worsen 0–2 in the pool A ranking and finally, her national team won their first ever set, but losing 1–3 to Poland, even when <mask> was a highlight because of her jumping abilities and spike, while losing their third match. They beat Kenya in a 3-2 comeback, the first ever win for her national team in the World Championships, they thanked the audience support while their captain admitted their better concentration through the match as one of the key roles for the win. After they lost to Chinese Taipei 0-3 they were eliminated in the first round of the championship, finally ranking tied-17th. While playing World

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 Championship, she signed with the Swedish club EVS Engelholm Volleyball Sallskap, with plans to play professional volleyball and study. She got that through the Costa Rica National team advisor, Canadian Lorne Sawula, who sent a video to Sweden. She played the 2006/2007 CEV Top Teams Cup, and helped her team to reach the continental cup semifinals and the local league second place.2007
When she finished her season with the Swedish team, she returned to Costa Rica to play with the local University of Costa Rica. She also announced her singing with the Swiss club Kanti Schaffhausen. She then played the Pan-American Cup where her team played without any preparation games. Her team lost the seventh place match game against Peru, besides <mask>'s 14 points. And later went to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to play the volleyball tournament of the Pan American Games. Besides being the top or second best scorer for her team, they lost 0–3 to the Dominican Republic and 2–3 to Mexico, ending her participation in eighth place. 2008
<mask> played the 2007-08 CEV Challenge Cup season with her Swiss team and lost to Romanian Dinamo Romprest Bucuresti in the third round.During the 2008–09 CEV Cup With Kanti Schaffhausen, they defeated the Croatian OTP Banka Pula 3-0 and 3–0 in the 1/16 round and later to the Portuguese Clube Desportivo Ribeirense 2-3 and 3–0. Before falling to the German Rote Raben Vilsbiburg in the quarterfinals in January 2009. 2009
Kanti Schaffhausen was unable to achieve their first championship being defeated by Volley Köniz, after Kope suffered a season-ending injury that her club could not overcome, winning anyway the Swiss cup. When she returned from Switzerland, she was called to the national team who was scheduled to play the 2010 FIVB World Championship NORCECA qualification tournament with lack of warm up games. The only warn up was the Pan-American Cup were her team ranked eight after only advancing to the 5-8 position round after the pool play, and losing to Argentina and Canada. After the Pan

masks: Cope Cope


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 American Cup, her national team traveled to Orlando, Florida to play the 2010 FIVB World Championship NORCECA qualification tournament. 2012
<mask> signed with the Puerto Rican club Valencianas de Juncos as the first Costa Rican to play in the Puerto Rican League.Besides the support she gave for the team along the season, she was released on 27 February 2012 when her team was in eighth place to make room for the American Blair Brown. She then returned to Costa Rica to play with San José Bio Gel winning her second Costa Rican championship, the Opening Tournament. She then traveled to Mexico to play the NORCECA Olympic qualification and her team reached the quarterfinals, but only managed to claim the sixth place, not qualifying for the 2012 Summer Olympics. In July she played the Pan-American Cup and after losing to Canada in the 5-8 qualification round, her team only ranked in the ninth place. But she later found herself with an unknown injury that kept her out of the court. But in December, she played the Costa Rican Closing tournament with San José Bio Gel, leading the team to their second straight championship being awarded Most Valuable player. She dedicated that triumph to her deceased mother and confessed that she was planning to share her time either to play indoor volleyball abroad with an attractive contract or a new career in beach volleyball and study veterinary medicine.2015
She won the Central American Beach Volleyball from the NORCECA Beach Volleyball Continental Cup, beating Guatemalans Maria Jose Orellana and Maria Andrea Orellana. In March they were announced as one of the 48 teams that were going to compete in the World Championship, as the first ever Costa Rican representatives in the World Championship. With this joy, they won in April the Costa Rican Beach Volleyball national championship for the second time. She then played the Cayman Islands stop from the NORCECA Beach Volleyball Tour, finishing in the fifth place. In June, she played the Ocean City stop of the National Beach


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 Volleyball League in the United States, with the Costa Rica Olympic Committee backup, winning the bronze medal and using this tournament to improve the blocking and the service effectiveness. Playing in Puerto Cortés, Honduras, <mask> and Alfaro claimed the Central American Championship. Playing in the 2015 Beach Volleyball World Championships, in their first match, they lost 0–2 to the German representatives, 0–2 to the Slovaks, and finally 1–2 to the Poland team.After her participation, <mask> defined playing with the score and improve the closing as the key points for their next competitions and also thanked the support and motivation from Costa Rica during the World Championship. She then traveled to Toronto, Canada to play the 2015 Pan American Games, beating the Chileans 2–1, before an easy 30 minutes win 2–0 to the Nicaraguans, and finished the pool play with a 1–2 loss to the Brazilian team. They defeated 2–0 to the Mexicans in the elimination round but lost 0–2 in the quarterfinals round to the Canadians, and 0-2 the Colombian Galindo sisters and ending their Pan American Games participation in the eighth place when they lost 0–2 to Uruguay. In October she won the NORCECA Beach Volleyball Tour silver medal in Saint Lucia when she lost 0–3 to the Americans Irene Hester and Caitlin Ledoux the gold medal match. 2016
The Costa Rican Institute for Sports and Recreation granted Kope a C$1,500,000 (Costa Rican Colones)approximately  in March 2016 annual scholarship. Togegther with Marcela Araya and Valeria Valenciano the duo of Alfaro and <mask> qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics by winning the NORCECA Continental Cup, first time ever in beach volleyball for their home country. The knowledge of each other and a solid friendship was the foundation to achieve the Olympic berth, she also defined that moment as the result of teamwork and achieving the highest point in her sport career.The team was one of 10 Costa Rica representatives to the games. They lost their first match 0–2 to Australia, 0–2 to

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<mask> (;  – 9 March 1924) was a Greek Army general and politician. He is particularly notable for his invention of the Schneider-Danglis mountain gun, his service as chief of staff in the Balkan Wars and his participation in the Triumvirate of the Provisional Government of National Defence during World War I. Life

Origin and early life
<mask> was born in Atalanti on 17 November 1853, where his father was serving in an infantry battalion. The family had a long and distinguished history:  Panagiotis was named after his grandfather, <mask>, a Suliot chieftain who had begun serving under Napoleon during the second French occupation of the Ionian Islands, and had become a general during the Greek War of Independence. His son, <mask> (1809–1896), was born in exile in Corfu, entered the Hellenic Army in 1828 in time to fight in the last campaigns of the War of Independence, and after a long career rose to the rank of major general. <mask> was the fourth child of his parents, but only the oldest, his sister Christina, born in 1843, had survived infancy. His two older brothers died early, as did many of his younger siblings, apart from another sister, Polyxeni, born in 1858.During his first years, he followed his father around the various garrison towns in Central Greece. In 1857–1860 the family stayed at Stylida, where Danglis first went into school. In 1860–1862 the family moved to the capital, Athens, where Danglis attended a private school. After participating in the suppression of the failed Nafplion revolt against King Otto in early 1862, Danglis' father was promoted to major and the family moved to Agrinio. From this small provincial town Danglis experienced the tumultuous events of Otto's ouster, the arrival of King George I in 1863, the union of the Ionian islands with Greece, and the outbreak of the Cretan Revolution of 1866–1869. In September 1867 he returned to Athens to attend the first class of high

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Panagiotis Danglis
Panagiotis Danglis
Giotis Danglis
Georgios Danglis
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 school in the prestigious Varvakeion high school, staying with his maternal grandmother, and his unmarried aunt. Danglis completed the second and third classes of high school at Missolonghi, spending the summers with his family at Agrinio.Although successfully promoted to the fourth class, in July 1870 he decided to enter the Hellenic Military Academy. With the agreement of his father, he returned to Athens on 23 August. After passing the entrance examinations in early September, he enrolled as a cadet on 6 November. During that summer, Danglis also composed a novel, titled "Penelope", which was published in Athens in 1871. Early military career

Training at the Academy

Danglis enrolled in the Army Academy at a crucial juncture: the institution had been badly neglected in the previous years, and only 13 students were attending it when Danglis entered it. His class of 31 cadets, and the reform of its curriculum by the then Minister for Military Affairs, Lt. Colonel Charalambos Zymvrakakis, breathed new life into it.Danglis was a distinguished student. He graduated to the second and third years in third place (only 17 of his class graduated to the second year), and received his first promotion, to Corporal, in 1872. He then
scored first in his class during all subsequent the exams, except for scoring second during the general theoretical exams between the fifth and sixth classes. Promoted to Sergeant Major in 1874, he and his classmates of the senior year began enjoying the social life of Athens. Danglis graduated from the Academy in August 1877 top of his class, and was commissioned as Ensign of Artillery, like most of his colleagues. The artillery, recently enlarged due to a possible Greek participation in the ongoing Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78, was facing extreme shortages in qualified officers at the time. The undeclared war of 1878 and its aftermath
Danglis began his service at the 1st Artillery Regiment


texts: in Athens, amidst a heady atmosphere of war preparations.On 26 October he was posted to the 6th Mountain Battery, recently equipped with new Krupp guns. The battery moved from Athens to Lamia, close to the then border with the Ottoman Empire, in November. Popular enthusiasm ran high, especially after the Russian army overcame the stubborn Ottoman resistance at the Siege of Plevna—much admired by Danglis in his notes—and advanced towards Constantinople. Revolutionary movements broke out in Crete and Epirus, while the Greek government under Alexandros Koumoundouros finally edged towards entry into the war to safeguard Greek territorial claims and interests. Danglis served in the army of Eastern Greece, under the command of Major General , a nominal force of 6,800 men—Danglis estimated the effectives at 5,500–6,000 at the most. The army set out from Lamia on 21 January, and crossed the border on the next day, despite the onset of extreme cold and heavy rainfall. The local Ottoman garrisons withdrew to Domokos, but the Greek expedition was a fiasco: the bad weather, including snow, and the bad organization led to a dispersal of forces.Finally, on 25 January the Greek force encircled Domokos, and Soutsos began negotiations with the Ottoman commander for its surrender. On the next day, however, the Greek government ordered its troops to return home, as the Russians and Ottomans had signed an armistice on 19 January, and the Great Powers had put pressure on Athens to endure peace. By 28 January, Danglis was back with his unit in Lamia. On 7 February 1878, Danglis was promoted to Second Lieutenant in a slew of promotions across the army. From Lamia he observed the failure of the uprisings in Thessaly and Epirus and Crete, while Greek interests were championed on the diplomatic front by Great Britain as a counter to Russian designs. The political situation remained tense: the Congress of Berlin had decided to award


texts: Thessaly up to the Pineios River and Epirus up to the Thyamis River to Greece, but the Ottoman government dragged its feet. Greco-Ottoman negotiations at Preveza in early 1879, and in Constantinople in September–December 1879, broke down.On 13 April 1878, following actions by his father, Danglis was transferred to the 3rd Mountain Battery at his family's home town of Agrinio. The artillery was moved to Lefkada in October 1878, and to a newly constructed but ephemeral encampment at Lepenous—not coincidentally, the electoral district of the then Minister of Military Affairs, Dimitrios Grivas—in May–July 1879. From there Danglis moved with his battery to Athens in August, before being posted to the Arsenal in Nafplion in October, where he assumed command of the artificers' company. On 21 December, he published in the daily Athens newspaper  an anonymous article—signed only as "Omega" and identifying himself only as a professional officer—requesting the removal of the army from the influence of politicians. The ongoing dispute over Epirus and Thessaly meant that the army had been maintained far larger than its peacetime establishment since 1878, to the detriment of the already feeble Greek budget. Thus the 1880 government of Charilaos Trikoupis decided to cut down on military expenses, demobilizing soldiers and reducing the size of the army. This decision proved short-lived, as the Great Powers convened at Berlin in June 1880 and reconfirmed the decisions of 1878, forcing the government to once again engage in preparations for a possible conflict with Turkey; hasty purchases of equipment began in Europe, and in July, a full mobilization aimed at producing a 60,000-strong field army began.Danglis returned to the 1st Artillery Regiment at Athens in October, assigned to the 1st Field Battery. As a result of the increase in the size of the army—already comprising over 45,000 men in late October, and with an


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 establishment strength revised upwards to 82,000 men in December—on 6 December numerous officers were promoted; Danglis was promoted to Lieutenant. In March 1881, the Greek army once again started assembling near the border. On 1 April, Danglis left Piraeus for Agrinio by ship, while his battery moved over land. Due to malaria at Agrinio, his unit moved to Missolonghi, where he assumed command of the 1st Battery. In the meantime, the Great Powers and the Ottoman government had reached an agreement that reduced the amount of territory to be ceded to Greece: in Epirus, only the area around Arta would be ceded. Following pressure by the Powers, the Greek government conceded in the Convention of Constantinople on 2 July.Arta was occupied on 24 June, but Danglis did not arrive until 20 July, taking over command of the 2nd Mountain Battery. Over the next few months, Danglis was transferred with his unit from Arta to Lefkada, Missolonghi, and Agrinio. In late December 1881, Danglis was appointed commander of the 4th Mountain Battery, as well as a squadron comprising the 3rd and 4th Field Batteries, at Arta. His life and career for the next two years is unknown, as little material survives in his archives, apart from reports on tests of Krupp-type artillery packs for mules in April and August 1883. Belgium, the Vosseur mission and the Rumelian crisis
Danglis was promoted to Captain in 1883. Late in that year, he went to Belgium for further studies, the cost of 1,000 francs paid for by his father, who did not hesitate to take loans to that end. In January 1884, he was attached to an artillery regiment at Liège, where he remained until his return to Greece in August.From his letters to his father, Danglis was less than satisfied with his experiences in Belgium, noting critically that "they are not far ahead of us, one sees a lot of 'Greek things' [ῥωμέϊκα] here as well". On his return was appointed adjutant to Brigadier


texts: Victor Vosseur, the head of the 1884–87 French military mission, which had been tasked by Trikoupis with modernizing the Greek Army. The results of the mission, as laid out by Danglis himself in a report requested by the Ministry of Military Affairs in 1898, were meagre, mostly because the mission's recommendations were ignored or modified by the Greek governments, particularly the 1885–1886 government of Theodoros Diligiannis, which was viscerally opposed to any policies espoused by Trikoupis. Nevertheless, the Deligiannis government was involved in a major diplomatic and military crisis with the Ottoman Empire, resulting from the de facto annexation of Eastern Rumelia to the Principality of Bulgaria in September 1885. Deligiannis demanded comparable territorial compensation for Greece from the Ottomans and threatened war, mobilizing the army. As Vosseur's adjutant, Danglis was in a privileged position to observe events. The new army organization, drafted by Vosseur, was voted by Parliament in December, and by April 1886 the army, including the Gendarmerie, had reached a strength of some 75,000 men.As Danglis points out, however, due to lack of training, equipment, and trained officers, only about 50,000 were capable of fighting. Under the pen name "Shell" (Ὀβίς), Danglis published two articles outlining his opinion on the best deployment of the army in the Akropolis newspaper on 5 and 11 January. The Greek government had driven itself into a corner: despite its belligerent rhetoric, it was loath to carry through with its threat of war, and came under intense pressure by the Great Powers to back down, including the blockade of Phaleron by the fleets of the Powers on 26 April. Deligiannis resigned, and after a brief caretaker government under Dimitrios Valvis, Trikoupis returned to power on 8 May. On the next day, as Trikoupis was forming his government, clashes broke out between the Greek and Turkish troops


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 along the line of the border in Thessaly. The clashes lasted until a ceasefire on 11 May, and although generally the Greeks held their own and scored some successes, Danglis considered it fortunate that the ceasefire took place when it did, as  Greece had about 40,000 men deployed facing three times as many Ottoman troops; without any readily available reserves, and exhausted after three days of fighting, the Greek front was brittle, and any Turkish breakthrough would face no opposition to advancing to Larissa. Furthermore, in two places Greek troops had performed poorly: at Koutra, 300 men of the 5th Evzone Battalion had surrendered to the Turks, while at Patsos an entire infantry company fled after an attack by a much smaller Turkish detachment.The two captains responsible for the Koutra incident were court-martialled and condemned to death in August 1887, although the death sentence was immediately commuted by the King. On 8 August 1887, Danglis, again under the pen name "Shell", published an article in Akropolis fiercely critical of the two men. Peacetime service and private life
In the meantime, in January 1886, through the mediation of a retired colonel, Danglis met and became engaged to Sofia Mostra, the 16-year-old daughter of the naval architect—and fellow Army Academy graduate and Epirote—Spyridon Mostras (1827–1899) and Eleni Mela. Their wedding took place on 20 April 1886. The newlywed couple initially lodged in the Mostras family residence at Voukourestiou Street 9. On the occasion of the Bastille Day celebrations in 1886, Danglis received the medal of a knight of the Legion of Honour from the French government. In July and August 1886, Danglis and his wife visited Constantinople and its environs, with Danglis keeping detailed daily notes on the trip in a small notebook.As a member of the Athens garrison, Danglis took part in the festivities to celebrate the coming of age of the Crown Prince, the


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 future Constantine I, in December. On the occasion, on 1 December he received the Silver Cross of the Order of the Redeemer. In the early hours of 6 August 1887, Danglis' first daughter was born. In December 1887, with the departure of the French military mission, Danglis returned to the 1st Artillery Regiment, taking over command of the 3rd Field Battery on 10 December. In February 1888, a translation by Danglis of a treatise (La mission militaire suisse sur le théâtre de la guerre serbo-bulgare) by the Swiss colonel Hugo Hungerbühler on the 1885 Serbo-Bulgarian War, was printed in 1,000 copies. He was promoted to Major in 1892, and in the next year invented the Schneider-Danglis mountain gun. During the Greco-Turkish War of 1897 he served as chief of staff of I Brigade in the Army of Epirus, and fought at the Battle of Gribovo.In the General Staff
A Lieutenant Colonel since 1902, he was transferred to the newly founded General Staff Corps in 1904. Promoted to Colonel in 1907, he participated in the last stages of the Macedonian Struggle in 1908, supervising operations for the "Macedonian Committee" in the Salonica area under the nom de guerre of Parmenion. Following the 1909 Goudi coup, the General Staff Corps was disbanded and Danglis returned to the Artillery, serving as commander of the Army Academy (1910), the 1st Infantry Division, the Greek Gendarmerie, and the 2nd Infantry Division (1911). In 1911, Danglis was promoted to Major General, and became head of the Army General Staff in August 1912, and on the outbreak of the First Balkan War two months later he became chief of staff to Crown Prince Constantine's Army of Thessaly until November 1912, when he became a member of the Greek delegation in the London Peace Conference. Commander in Epirus
Following the assassination of King George in Thessaloniki, Constantine, now king, had to leave Ioannina. Departing, he named Danglis as commander of the army in


texts: Epirus, comprising the 2nd, 3rd, 8th, and 13th divisions. Operations had largely concluded so that his main task was completing the occupation of Northern Epirus, pacifying the local population, and strengthening Greek claims in the region, which were being challenged by Italy.Danglis, however, saw this move as the result of machinations by his rivals in the General Staff—Dousmanis foremost—to remove him from the military high command. Constantine continued to show favour to his former chief of staff, naming him to the honorary position of adjutant-general to the King (with Dousmanis as adjutant) on 8 March, and awarding him the cross of the Grand Commander of the Order of the Redeemer on 21 May, but Danglis' requests to return to Athens and resume his proper post were left unanswered; although his appointment was originally termed "temporary", he would continue to command the army in Epirus, later constituted briefly as the III Army Corps and eventually as the V Army Corps, for over two years. After the end of the Second Balkan War, on 9–18 August 1913 Danglis went to Thessaloniki, where he chaired the council of division commanders (then the highest-ranking officers in the army) to decide on the promotions of the career and reserve officers. On 19 August he left by train for Aix-les-Bains, where his family was already on holiday, arriving there on the 25th. On the previous day, however, King Constantine had caused a major diplomatic incident during a speech in Germany: after receiving the rank and baton of a German Generalfeldmarschall by the Kaiser, Constantine had ascribed the Greek successes in the Balkan Wars to the training he and his aides had received in Germany. News of this speech caused uproar in France, leading to a diplomatic crisis with Greece. As a result, on 29 August Danglis—promoted to Lieutenant General at about that time—was ordered to interrupt his vacation and participate, as the official


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 representative of Greece, in the French great field manoeuvres of the year, that had already begun.His participation there, his reputation as a "true friend of France", as well as a judicious and carefully worded interview in the Le Temps that paid tribute to the contributions of the French military mission, quickly calmed the situation and helped restore the Franco-Greek relationship. He then returned to Aix, only to be recalled to Greece by Venizelos on 13 September. Politics, World War I and the National Schism
In late 1914, he left the army and went into politics, joining the Liberal Party of Eleftherios Venizelos in 1915 and elected as an MP for Epirus representing Ioannina. He served as Minister for Military Affairs in Venizelos' short-lived cabinet (10 August – 24 September) in 1915, and supported Venizelos during his struggle against King Constantine in 1915–16. In August 1916, along with Venizelos and admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis, he formed the leading triumvirate of the "Provisional Government of National Defence", a separate government in Thessaloniki. In 1917, Greece formally joined the Entente Powers in the First World War. Danglis was appointed nominal commander-in-chief of the Greek Army, a position he retained until near the war's end when he returned to his parliamentary office.He was formally discharged from the Army on 7 October 1920. In 1921, Danglis succeeded the self-exiled Venizelos as president of the Liberal Party. He died in Athens on 9 March 1924. Notes

Sources

1853 births
1924 deaths
People from Phthiotis
Hellenic Army generals
Chiefs of the Hellenic Army General Staff
Greek military personnel of the Greco-Turkish War (1897)
Greek military personnel of the Macedonian Struggle
Greek military personnel of the Balkan Wars
Greek people of World War I
Greek MPs 1915, 1917–1920
Liberal Party (Greece) politicians
Ministers of Military Affairs of Greece
Eastern Orthodox Christians