texts:
 Bible, while at the same time offering certain criticisms. Personal life
<mask> was married twice. His first wife was Therese Bloch, sister of Edward H. Bloch, the founder of Bloch Publishing Company. They had 10 children eight of whom were living at the time of his death: <mask> May; <mask>; Dr. <mask>; <mask> Bernheim; Isidor <mask>; <mask> Molony; Iphigene <mask> Ochs, married to Adolph Ochs; and <mask>. She died in 1874. In 1876, he married Selma Bondi; they had four children: Elsie Corrine <mask>; Rabbi Jonah Bondi <mask>; <mask> May; and <mask>. <mask>.<mask> had no close relation to Rabbi Stephen Samuel <mask>. He even wrote a couple of plays, "Der Maskirte Liebhaber" and "Das Glück Reich zu Sein". During his lifetime <mask> was regarded as the most prominent Reform Jew of his time in the United States. His genius for organization was of a very high order; and he was masterful, rich in resources, and possessed of an inflexible will. More than of any of his contemporaries, it may be said of him that he left the imprint of his personality upon the development of Reform Judaism in the United States. Links to some works of <mask>

Legacy and honors
The World War II Liberty Ship  was named in his honor. References

Further reading

External links

 <mask> <mask> Digital Archive at the American Jewish Archives
 Works by <mask> <mask> in the German Union Catalogue
 Funeral of Rabbi <mask>

 Die Deborah (B63) is a digitized periodical at the Leo Baeck Institute

1819 births
1900 deaths
19th-century Austrian people
19th-century American people
Reform Judaism
Jewish religious leaders
American Reform rabbis
American Jewish theologians
Judaic scholars
Jews and Judaism in Cincinnati
Jewish American writers
Religious leaders from Cincinnati
Presidents of Hebrew Union College
American people of Bohemian descent
American people of Czech-Jewish descent
People from Cheb District
Religious leaders from Albany, New York
Austrian Empire emigrants to the United

masks:
Wise
Emily Wise
Leo Wise
Julius Wise
Ida Wise
Wise
Helen Wise
Miriam Wise
Harry Wise
Wise
Wise
Regina Wise
Isaac M
Wise
Wise
Wise
Wise
Wise
Isaac Mayer
Wise
Isaac Mayer
Wise
Wise


type: original

texts:
<mask> ( ; ; born June 21, 1957) is a Filipino prelate (cardinal) of the Catholic Church who has been the Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples since December 8, 2019. He was the 32nd Archbishop of Manila from 2011 to 2019. <mask> also serves as the president of Caritas International, a federation of Catholic relief, development, and social service organizations, and of the Catholic Biblical Federation. <mask>, who generally prefers to be called by his nickname "Chito" rather than by his clerical title, has been involved in many social issues in the Philippines, with emphasis on helping the poor while defending the Catholic Church's opposition to abortion, contraception (equated with abortion in the Philippines), and what he has called "practical atheism". Dubbed as the "Asian Francis", he is often seen as a representative of the Catholic Church's progressive wing. <mask> has criticized the Catholic Church for using "harsh words" to describe LGBT as well as divorced and remarried Catholics, whom he believes should be allowed to receive Holy Communion on a case-by-case basis. He was one of the principal advisors to Pope Francis and is considered a papabile since the 2013 papal conclave up to the present.Early life and studies
<mask> was born on June 21, 1957, the eldest child of devout Catholic parents, Manuel Topacio <mask>, an ethnic Tagalog and his Chinese Filipino wife, Milagros Gokim, who previously worked for Equitable PCI Bank. <mask>'s paternal grandfather, Florencio, came from Imus, Cavite; the <mask> family were from the Hispanic, lowland Christian aristocracy known as the Principalía, which were the elite prior to the 1896 Philippine Revolution. Florencio was

masks:
Luis Antonio Gokim Tagle
Tagle
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texts:
 injured by a bomb explosion during the Second World War; <mask>'s grandmother made a living by running a local diner. After completing elementary and high school at Saint Andrew's School in Parañaque in 1973, he was influenced by priest friends to enter the Jesuit San José Seminary, which sent him to the Jesuit Ateneo de Manila University. <mask> earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in pre-divinity from Ateneo in 1977 and then a Master of Arts in theology at its Loyola School of Theology. <mask> earned his Doctorate in Sacred Theology at the Catholic University of America from 1987 to 1991. He wrote his dissertation under the direction of Joseph A. Komonchak on "Episcopal Collegiality in the Teaching and Practice of Paul VI".<mask> also attended doctrinal courses at the Institute of Pope Paul VI University. In Komonchak's estimation, <mask> was "one of the best students I had in over 40 years of teaching" and "could have become the best theologian in the Philippines, or even in all of Asia" had he not been appointed bishop. <mask> has received honorary degrees from Catholic Theological Union and La Salle University. <mask> is fluent in speaking his native Tagalog language, as well as the English and Italian languages. He is also proficient in reading Spanish, French, and Latin. Priesthood
<mask> was ordained in the Diocese of Imus on February 27, 1982. After ordination, he held the following positions: associate pastor of San Agustín Parish – Méndez-Núñez, Cavite (1982–1984), spiritual director (1982–1983) and later rector (1983–1985) of the diocesan seminary of Imus.After studies in the United States from 1985 to 1992, he returned to Imus and was Episcopal Vicar for Religious (1993–1995) and parish

masks: Tagle Tagle Tagle Tagle Tagle Tagle Tagle Tagle


texts:
 priest and rector (1998–2001) of Nuestra Señora del Pilar Cathedral-Parish. He also taught theology at San Carlos Seminary (1982-1985) and Divine Word Seminary in Tagaytay. Pope John Paul II appointed <mask> to the International Theological Commission, where he served from 1997 to 2002 under its President, Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger. From 1995 to 2001, he was a member of the editorial board of the "History of Vatican II" project. Bishop of Imus
In 2001, <mask> was appointed Bishop of Imus on October 22 and consecrated on December 12 after previously serving as parish priest of the Cathedral-parish of Imus. During his ten years in Imus, he made a point of living simply, owned no car, and invited the destitute to join him for a meal. At the first gathering of bishops under Pope Benedict XVI in 2005, the General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, he spoke from the floor about the inadequacy of the number of priests in the Philippines.He said:

To the concept that priestly vocation are a gift from God he countered: "we should also ask whether the Church is a good steward of the gift." He told a news conference that "The first Sunday after my ordination as a priest, I said nine Masses, and that is regular in the Philippines." Discussing priestly celibacy, Cardinal Angelo Scola, the synod moderator, expressed reservations about modifications to the Church's requirement of celibacy for the priesthood. In response, Tagle suggested that the Church should consider such a change to combat the shortage of priests. At the 2008 International Eucharistic Congress in Quebec, Canada, he delivered a talk on the importance of the Eucharist that, by one report, moved the audience to tears. He contrasted Christian

masks: Tagle Tagle


texts:
 worship with false forms of adoration:

Archbishop of Manila

Pope Benedict XVI appointed <mask> the 32nd Archbishop of Manila on October 13, 2011, to succeed Cardinal Gaudencio Rosales. According to Father Catalino Arévalo, SJ, the first Asian member of the Vatican's International Theological Commission, <mask>'s appointment was promoted by the Papal Nuncio to the Philippines Edward Joseph Adams and by Cardinal Gaudencio Rosales, but some objections were submitted to the Congregation for Bishops, which caused some delay in processing his appointment.Prior to his installation, <mask> made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in October 2011. He was installed as Archbishop on December 12, 2011, the feast day of Our Lady of Guadalupe and the tenth anniversary of his episcopal consecration. He received the pallium, the symbol of his authority as a metropolitan archbishop, from Pope Benedict XVI on June 29, 2012, in Rome. In February 2012, <mask> attended the Symposium for Healing and Renewal at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome. <mask> discussed the way the sex-abuse crisis manifests itself in Asia, where it is more common for priests to violate their vows of celibacy by taking mistresses than to engage in the sexual abuse of minors. <mask> maintained that the deference to authority typical of Asian culture combined with the dominance of the Catholic Church in a country like the Philippines produced a "culture of shame" that continued to inhibit the reporting of instances of abuse. He said that culture needed to change though he anticipated great difficulties:

He said the fact his country had a "touching culture" that created problems of interpretation and mandatory reporting laws would face

masks: Tagle Tagle Tagle Tagle Tagle Tagle


texts: cultural hurdles as well.On June 12, 2012, <mask> was appointed a member of the Congregation for Catholic Education for a five-year renewable term. That same day, <mask> spoke at the 50th International Eucharistic Congress in Dublin, Ireland. He discussed how the sexual abuse crisis requires the Catholic Church to reevaluate its relationship with the media. He said: "As we challenge them to be fair and truthful in whatever they are reporting, the Church should also be prepared to be scrutinised by media, provided the norms of fairness and truthfulness are applied to all, especially the victims." He decried the tendency of church officials to resent negative media coverage even when accurate, while noting he had witnessed some media coverage in Asia that is tainted by "an anti-Christian sentiment." He also mentioned the various issues which distinguish the experience of the Church in Ireland and similar cases in Asia. On August 4, 2012, <mask> delivered a speech at a prayer rally against the Reproductive Health Bill, which included provisions for the funding and distribution of birth control information and devices; contraception is customarily considered abortion in the Philippines.He advocated for the recognition of women's rights by recognizing their valued role as mothers and wives, deserving of genuine love and respect as reflections of God and a gift to mankind. <mask> also denounced sexual prostitution as an affront to women's femininity. He took a more moderate stance on the legislation than other Philippine bishops, refusing to threaten politicians who supported the legislation with excommunication or to have posters criticizing its supporters as "Team Death"  distributed in Manila's

masks: Tagle Tagle Tagle Tagle


texts:
 parishes. Benedict XVI named <mask> as one of the Synod Fathers for the Synod of Bishops on the New Evangelisation on September 18, 2012. In his intervention at that synod, he outlined how he believed the church should approach the process of evangelization. He said:

In an interview with Vatican Radio, he explained how his view reflected the experience of Asian and Philippine culture:

He served as archbishop of Manila until December 8, 2019 when he was appointed Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples. He became the apostolic administrator of the metropolitan see until February 9, 2020.Auxiliary Bishop Broderick Pabillo temporarily administered the Archdiocese as apostolic administrator from February 10, 2020. On March 25, 2021, Pope Francis named Capiz Archbishop Jose Cardinal Advincula to succeed <mask> as Archbishop of Manila. Cardinal
Pope Benedict XVI announced he was elevating Archbishop <mask> to the College of Cardinals on October 24, 2012. <mask> himself had been notified the night before. At that consistory, he was assigned the titular church of San Felice da Cantalice a Centocelle. <mask> was the seventh Filipino to be made a cardinal of the Catholic Church. When he became a cardinal he was the second youngest one.On November 30, 2012, upon his return to the Philippines, he presided at a thanksgiving Mass at the San Fernando de Dilao Church in Paco, Manila, which President Benigno Aquino III, Vice-President Jejomar Binay, and Mayor Alfredo Lim of Manila attended. On January 31, 2013, Pope Benedict XVI appointed <mask> to serve as a member of the Presidential Committee of the Pontifical Council for the Family and the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of

masks:
Tagle
Tagle
Tagle
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Cardinal Tagle


texts:
 Migrants and Itinerants. <mask> was mentioned by some news organizations as a possible candidate for election as pope during the papal conclave that elected Pope Francis in 2013. <mask> led the National Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary at the San Fernando de Dilao Church on June 8, 2013. In a March 2015 interview, <mask> said the Catholic Church needed to develop a new language for addressing homosexuals, unwed mothers, and divorced and remarried Catholics because "what constituted in the past an acceptable way of showing mercy" changes and needs to be re-imagined. He said:

Following the publication of Pope Francis' encyclical Laudato si', Cardinal <mask> launched a campaign in the Philippines to collect signatures for a petition against anthropogenic global warming caused by carbon dioxide emissions. As the Synod on the Family opened public discussion of allowing divorced and remarried Catholics to receive communion, <mask> said he was open to hearing arguments on the question.He said: "We have a principle we have to believe in. But the openness comes on pastoral judgments you have to make in concrete situations, because no two cases are alike." As the 2014 session of the synod approached he said he hoped that "the pastoral care of divorced and civilly remarried couples is debated openly and with good will," but emphasized other challenges drawn from his Philippine experience, especially the separation of married couples from one another and their children caused by poverty and migration. After the synod, he said:

In 2015, he said that "Every situation for those who are divorced and remarried is quite unique. To have a general rule might be counterproductive in the end. ...We

masks: Tagle Tagle Tagle Tagle Tagle


texts:
 cannot give one formula for all." <mask> is a member of the Congregation for Catholic Education, Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, Pontifical Council for the Family, Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People, Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life, Pontifical Council for the Laity, and XIII Ordinary Council of the Secretariat General of the Synod of Bishops.On July 11, 2015, he was made a member of the Pontifical Council 'Cor Unum'. He was also confirmed by Pope Francis as President of the Catholic Biblical Federation on March 5, 2015. On May 14, 2015, he was elected President of Caritas International replacing Cardinal Oscar Rodriguez Maradiaga. Some Catholic media that judge <mask>'s views to be too liberal criticized the appointment. <mask> has been Chairman for the Episcopal Commission on the Doctrine of Faith of the Philippines since 2003. <mask> is the Professor of Dogmatic Synthesis at the Graduate School of Theology of San Carlos Seminary, the archdiocesan major seminary of Manila, and an Associate Professor of Systematic Theology at the Loyola School of Theology of Ateneo de Manila University. He also taught at the school of theology of the Divine Word Seminary in Tagaytay.Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples

Pope Francis named <mask> Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples on December 8, 2019. <mask> is the second Asian to head that Congregation, following Cardinal Ivan Dias, who was prefect from 2006 to 2011. He is the second Filipino cardinal to lead a congregation of the Roman Curia after Jose Tomas Sanchez, who headed the Congregation for the Clergy from 1991 to

masks:
Cardinal Tagle
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 1996. In March 2020, Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte said the Pope had removed <mask> from his post in Manila for channeling church funds to the President's political opponents. The Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) and many individual Philippine prelates denounced Duterte's charge. Pope Francis promoted him to highest rank of cardinal, Cardinal-Bishop, on May 1, 2020; he is the first Filipino to be included in that rank of the College of Cardinals, and he was promoted Cardinal-Bishop but was not appointed to a suburbicarian see just like Cardinals Parolin, Sandri, Ouelet and Filoni, a break with tradition and Canon Law Section 350

On September 10, 2020, <mask> tested positive for COVID-19 upon his arrival in Manila. He was the first head of a Vatican dicastery, as well as the fifth Filipino bishop, to test positive for COVID-19.He had tested negative for the virus in Rome on September 7. He was asymptomatic and was in isolation. <mask> remained asymptomatic and ended his quarantine on September 23. On February 22, 2021, <mask> was appointed by Pope Francis as a new member of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Holy See. Coat of arms

The top section depicts Christ as the Good Shepherd and as a fisherman, accompanied by an open Gospel Book inscribed with the letters Alpha and Omega. The middle section is a stylized version of Our Lady of the Pillar, the patroness of his previous diocese. This consists of an Ionic column surmounted by an ornate "M" as a symbol for the Virgin Mary, crowned with twelve stars.The bottom depicts a carpenter's square, which signifies Saint Joseph the Worker, along with a lily; these refer to the seminary <mask> attended. <mask>'s


texts:
 motto is taken from the John 21:7, Dominus Est ("It is the Lord!"). Interpretation of Vatican II
<mask> served from 1995 to 2001 as one of more than 50 members of the editorial board of the five-volume, 2,500-page History of Vatican II. Completed after discussions at 14 international conferences with contributions from over 100 scholars, it is seen as the seminal work on the Second Vatican Council. It has been criticized by some conservatives for providing an overly progressive reading of the Council. Its principal editors, Alberto Melloni and Giuseppe Alberigo, are identified with the Bologna School of ecclesiastical history which views the Second Vatican Council as a "rupture" with the past, a position criticized by Pope Benedict XVI and others, who hold that Vatican II represents "continuity" with the past. <mask>'s contribution, written in 1999 when he was not yet a bishop, was a 66-page chapter in the fourth volume of the History called "A November Storm: The 'Black Week'" which covered the final days of the Council's third session in 1964, when several actions by Pope Paul VI caused alarm among reform forces.<mask>'s work has been criticized from opposite viewpoints. In 2005, Archbishop Agostino Marchetto, Secretary of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerants, a "continuity" advocate, assessed Tagle's chapter as "a rich and even comprehensive study", but called it "unbalanced, journalistic, and lacking objectivity expected of a true historian". Hans Küng, a principal critic of Pope Paul's conservative impact on the Council, endorsed <mask>'s view that the Roman Curia's influence on the Pope forced the Council documents to make "theological compromises", but


texts:
 said Tagle was unable to develop an explanation or justification for Pope Paul's positions, so that "in the closing section his writing degenerates into sanctimoniousness". The Vaticanologist John L. Allen Jr. reported that Cardinal Marc Ouellet, the Holy See's prefect for the Congregation for Bishops and protégé of Pope Benedict XVI, maintains his "full support" for Tagle. Allen also reported that a Vatican official indicated that he read Tagle's 1999 essay – after media reports highlighted it – and found nothing objectionable. In fact, he was impressed by <mask>'s defense of Paul VI in that Tagle wrote that Paul followed a strategy of "listening to all views, especially opposing ones", and was willing to "sacrifice his personal popularity to save the council and its future". This official also said that it is difficult to suggest <mask> is opposed to Pope Benedict's reading of the council since one of the sources Tagle cited was the writings of Joseph Ratzinger.The Vatican news analyst Sandro Magister reported that <mask>'s identification with the Bologna School would have hurt his chances of becoming a bishop had the members of the Congregation for Bishops – who considered <mask>'s candidacy for archbishop – known of it when considering his appointment. In a 2012 interview, <mask> maintained that the Council represented no rupture in the magisterium of the Roman Catholic Church. He added that he does not subscribe to the "rupture theory" that the Catholic Church before 1962 is disconnected from the present church. Distinctions

Orders
 : Order of the Holy Sepulchre

Academic
 Far Eastern University:  Doctor of Humane Letters honoris causa
 San Beda College:  Doctor of Humane Letters honoris


texts:
 causa (March 30, 2012)
 De La Salle University–Dasmariñas: Doctor of Humane Letters honoris causa (June 19, 2013)
 Xavier University - Ateneo de Cagayan: Doctor of Humane Letters honoris causa (August 1, 2013)
 University of Santo Tomas: Doctor of Humane Letters honoris causa (August 13, 2013)
 Holy Angel University: Doctor of Humane Letters honoris causa (August 16, 2013)
 Fordham University: Doctor of Humane Letters honoris causa (March 28, 2014)
 Australian Catholic University: Doctor of Humane Letters honoris causa (May 17, 2014)
 The Catholic University of America: Doctor of Theology honoris causa (May 17, 2014)
 Catholic Theological Union: Doctor of Theology honoris causa (May 14, 2015)
 La Salle University: Doctor of Humane Letters honoris causa (September 18, 2015)

Awards
 Outstanding Manilan 2013
 Fides Award (January 26, 2015)

Television
While Archbishop of Manila, <mask> continued to perform as a host of The Word Exposed and The Faith Exposed, both Catholic television programs produced by the Jesuit Communications Foundation, which also maintains an official Facebook account for him. He is also the Tuesday presenter of Kape't Pandasal ("Coffee and Prayer", a pun on the term kape't pandesal or "coffee and salted bread"), an early morning religious inspirational program partly produced by the same network, previously broadcast by ABS-CBN. Notes

References

Bibliography

News articles

External links

 Card. "Luis Antonio Gokim".Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on September 4, 2017. Viehland, N.J. (November 5, 2012). "Elevation of Filipino archbishop considered a surprise in the Year of Faith". National Catholic Reporter. "The Eucharist, the Life of Christ in our


texts:
 Lives: Spiritual Worship and Authentic Adoration", address to the 49th International Eucharistic Congress, Quebec, June 19, 2008
 Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila Biography of His Eminence <mask> <mask>, Archbishop of Manila (November 11, 2017 archived copy)

1957 births
21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops in the Philippines
Living people
Roman Catholic archbishops of Manila
Ateneo de Manila University alumni
Ateneo de Manila University faculty
Cardinals created by Pope Benedict XVI
Officials of the Roman Curia
Filipino cardinals
Filipino people of Chinese descent
Members of the Congregation for Catholic Education
Tagalog people
Members of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
Roman Catholic bishops of Imus
Catholic University of America alumni
Members of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre
Filipino Roman Catholic theologians
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of

masks:
Luis Antonio
Tagle


texts:
<mask> (born July 27, 1948) is a retired American professional wrestler. He is the son of <mask>. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, he achieved his biggest success as one half of the tag team The High Flyers with Jim Brunzell. The High Flyers enjoyed a number of high-profile feuds within the American Wrestling Association (AWA) with the likes of Bobby Duncum and Blackjack Lanza, Pat Patterson and Ray "The Crippler" Stevens,  The East-West Connection (Adrian Adonis and Jesse "The Body" Ventura), and The Sheiks (Ken Patera and Jerry Blackwell). Professional wrestling career

American Wrestling Association
Schooled in the fundamentals of amateur wrestling by his father as a teenager, <mask> started wrestling professionally in 1972 in his father's promotion, the American Wrestling Association (AWA). Gagne formed the team The High Flyers with Jim Brunzell, and on July 7, 1977 they defeated Duncum and Lanza to win the AWA World Tag Team Championship. The Flyers successfully defended the title in rematches with the former champions as well as other contenders within the AWA ranks for nearly 15 months before they had to vacate the title due to an injury that Jim Brunzell sustained while playing in a charity softball game.The title was awarded to Pat Patterson and Ray Stevens in late September 1978. The Flyers regained the title in June 1981 from The East-West Connection (Adrian Adonis and Jesse "The Body" Ventura). The Flyers held the title for a little more than two years before dropping it to Ken Patera and Jerry Blackwell on June 26, 1983. Though the Flyers came close to regaining the title on several occasions, they never recaptured it. The team parted ways shortly thereafter, with Gagne entering into singles competition while Brunzell worked frequently as both a singles and tag team wrestler before departing for the World Wrestling Federation in 1985. From 1984 to 1986, Gagne was involved in a feud with Sheik Adnan Al-Kaissie's

masks:
Gregory Alan Gagne
Verne Gagne
Gagne


texts: army, which at the time included King Kong Brody. The feud also saw <mask>'s retired father Verne return briefly for a number of matches.The David vs. Goliath feel to the Brody/Gagne feud boosted attendance at the time, a trend that might have continued, giving the AWA a much needed shot in the arm. Before the feud could be marketed to its full potential, Brody left the AWA. Meanwhile, in 1985, Gagne began an ill-fated and short-lived metamorphosis, becoming a member of Sgt. Slaughter's Cobra Corps. The idea saw a fatigues-clad Gagne teaming with Slaughter. In the later 1980s, Gagne feuded with Curt Hennig, Ron Garvin, and Larry Zbyszko and briefly resurrected his feud with Sheik Adnan Al-Kaissie. His feud with Hennig over the AWA title only heated up when both fathers, Verne and Larry Hennig, became embroiled in the feud interfering on behalf of their sons during many of their matches.Gagne apparently won the title on several occasions only to have the belt returned to Hennig on technicality, à la the Dusty finish. It was during this time that the AWA created the AWA International Television Championship. <mask> defeated Adrian Adonis in a tournament to be crowned the first TV champion. Ron Garvin defeated Gagne for the TV title in the fall of 1988, hitting Gagne with a foreign object to get the pin. The belt was held up until a showdown at SuperClash III. Gagne won the belt back as the result of a count out. After SuperClash III, the AWA stripped Jerry Lawler of the World Title (Lawler eventually left the AWA and competed in the USWA as that federation's World champion).It was then decided that the new champion would be determined in a battle royal in February 1989. Many fans expected either <mask> or Slaughter to win the title that night and the crowd reacted with shock when both were eliminated late in the match. The crowd was even more stunned when Larry Zbyszko became the new champion by eliminating Tom Zenk to end the

masks: Greg Gagne Gagne


texts:
 match. <mask> challenged Larry Zbyszko for the AWA World Heavyweight Championship at War in the Windy City, but was unsuccessful. It was also around this time the Sheik Adnan Al-Kaissie attacked Verne <mask> during an interview. As a result, <mask> turned his attention to Adnan in a feud that eventually involved a young Kokina Maximus. Gagne's wrestling career ended during a match for the vacated AWA World Tag Team Title.<mask> and Paul Diamond were facing The Destruction Crew in the finals when Adnan and Kokina came to the ring and confronted Gagne. Kokina slammed Gagne on the cement floor outside the ring and then splashed his leg, apparently doing damage to Gagne's knee. Gagne retired due to the injury and began to work in the broadcast booth and in production. Publicly, he enlisted the help of Jerry Blackwell to exact revenge on Adnan and Kokina. Despite the build up, the match never occurred. Following an ongoing exodus of talent and the disastrous Team Challenge Series, the AWA became inactive in late 1990. The Gagnes made an attempt to revive the AWA in May 1991, but were unsuccessful.Gagne teamed with Wahoo McDaniel to face the Destruction Crew in the main event of the last AWA show promoted by Verne <mask> in May 1991. After the AWA closed for good, Gagne worked as a road agent for World Championship Wrestling for a couple of years. While working for his father's AWA, Gagne received $100,000 in workman's compensation benefits. This money would later play a role in his bankruptcy proceedings. World Wrestling Federation
Although he worked the majority of his career for his father's promotion, Gagne made some rare appearances in the then World Wrestling Federation, current day WWE. <mask>'s first appearance in the WWF (at that time under the World Wide Wrestling Federation "WWWF" banner) was in 1977, in a match for WWWF TV-Tapings at Madison Square Garden, where he defeated Johnny Rodz. Gagne's second appearance in the WWF

masks: Gagne Gagne Gagne Gagne Gagne Gagne


texts:
 was on April 24, 1980, where he defeated preliminary wrestler Jose Estrada in a match for WWF-TV Tapings at MSG.<mask>'s third and final appearance in the WWF was at the Showdown at Shea event on August 9, 1980, where he defeated Rick McGraw. Other promotions
Apart from the WWF, Gagne made some other rare appearances in other territories, though many of these appearances would be the result of the AWA exchanging their talent with other promotions. In 1976, Gagne would make his first appearance in wrestling outside his father's promotion, appearing at a Central States Wrestling event, where Gagne teamed up with Pat O' Connor to take on the team of Baron von Raschke and Ernie Ladd. Gagne's final appearance in CSW was when Gagne teamed up with Jim Brunzell to defeat the team of Bennie Ramirez and Moose Morowski. <mask> would make multiple appearances through the course of 1977 and 1978 at NWA St. Louis Wrestling and Maple Leaf Wrestling, where he often would be paired up with Jim Brunzell to defend their AWA World Tag Team Titles. Gagne would later appear in the Memphis-based Continental Wrestling Association, where he and Brunzell would successfully defend their titles against the team of Frankie Laine and Mike Boyer. Through the course of 1982 and 1984, Gagne would often travel to Japan and make appearances for All Japan Pro Wrestling, where he would team with Jim Brunzell as well.On May 11, 1984, <mask> and Brunzell appeared at a Georgia Championship Wrestling event, where they defeated the team of Jimmy Duke and Rooster Griffin. On September 19, 1985, <mask> appeared at a Jim Crockett Promotions event, where he teamed up with Sgt. Slaughter (as Brunzell by the time left the AWA for the WWF) to take on the team of Nick Bockwinkel and Larry Zbyszko. Bockwinkel and Zbyszko would win the match by disqualification. <mask>'s last appearance outside the AWA would come in 1988, at a CWA event, where he defeated Terry Adonis. Personal

masks: Gagne Gagne Gagne Gagne Gagne


texts:
 life
Gagne played football at the University of Minnesota from 1967 to 1969. He transferred to the University of Wyoming in 1970 where he played ten games as quarterback.Gagne appeared in the 1974 movie, The Wrestler. He also made a brief appearance in the movie Highlander during the opening scene at Madison Square Garden. <mask> was married to Mary Gail Gagne and has three children. Mary Gail <mask> died on March 29, 2019. <mask> inducted his father, Verne <mask>, into the WWE Hall of Fame on April 1, 2006. When his run with WCW was over, he sold Mitsubishi cars in Minnesota. On April 30, 2006, it was announced that Gagne would be working for World Wrestling Entertainment full-time as a road agent, starting at Backlash.He also worked at WWE's training camp Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW). He later parted ways with WWE. He runs a small commodity trading fund on behalf of retired AWA talent. In addition, in 2009, Gagne opened a professional wrestling school in Mound, Minnesota. He has also coached football. Championships and accomplishments

American Wrestling Association
AWA International Television Championship (2 times)
AWA World Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Jim Brunzell
Cauliflower Alley Club
Tag Team Award (2016) – with Jim Brunzell
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI Tag Team of the Year (1982) with Jim Brunzell
PWI ranked him # 169 of the 500 best singles wrestlers during the "PWI Years" in 2003
PWI ranked him # 49 of the 100 best tag teams of the "PWI Years" with Jim Brunzell in 2003. Pro Wrestling This Week
Wrestler of the Week (January 10–16, 1988)
Wrestler of the Week (March 20–26, 1988) tied with Steve O
World Wrestling Council
WWC Caribbean Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Jim Brunzell

References

External links

American male professional wrestlers
People from Robbinsdale, Minnesota
Professional wrestlers from Minnesota
Minnesota Golden Gophers football players
Wyoming Cowboys football players
1948

masks: Greg Gagne Greg Gagne


texts:
{{Infobox scientist
| name = <mask>
| image = <mask>-Wuxi-2017-04.jpg
| caption = At the 2017 HPC Connection Workshop
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Yokohama, Japan
| death_date =
| death_place =
| residence =
| citizenship =
| nationality = Japanese
| alma_mater = Waseda University (Dr. Engineering, 1974)
Stanford University (PhD, 1978)
| thesis_title = Studies on Stochastic Modeling of Neurons (Dr. Engineering from Waseda University) . Process Distortion Measures and Signal Processing (PhD from Stanford University). | thesis_url =
| doctoral_advisor = Waseda University: Jun'ichi Takagi, Kageo Akizuki, and Kastuhiko Shirai for Dr. Engineering

Stanford University: Robert M. Gray for PhD
| known_for = Alpha-EM algorithm
| website = http://www.f.waseda.jp/yasuo2/en/index.html
| ethnicity =
| field = Machine learning and human-aware information processing
| work_institutions = Waseda University, Stanford University
}}
<mask> (born March 23, 1947) is a Japanese researcher in machine learning and human-aware information processing. Matsuyama is a Professor Emeritus and an Honorary Researcher of the Research Institute of Science and Engineering of Waseda University. Early life and education
<mask> received his bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral degrees in electrical engineering from Waseda University in 1969, 1971, and 1974 respectively. The dissertation title for the Doctor of Engineering is Studies on Stochastic Modeling of Neurons. There, he contributed to the spiking neurons with stochastic pulse-frequency modulation.Advisors were Jun’ichi Takagi, Kageo, Akizuki, and Katsuhiko Shirai. Upon the completion of the doctoral work at Waseda University, he was dispatched to the United States as a Japan-U.S. exchange fellow by the joint program of the Japan

masks:
Yasuo Matsuyama
YasuoMatsuyama
Yasuo Matsuyama
Matsuyama


texts:
 Society for the Promotion of Science, Fulbright Program, and the Institute of International Education. Through this exchange program, he completed his Ph.D. program at Stanford University in 1978. The dissertation title is Process Distortion Measures and Signal Processing. There, he contributed to the theory of probabilistic distortion measures and its applications to speech encoding with spectral clustering or vector quantization. His advisor was Robert. M. Gray.Career
From 1977 to 1078, <mask> was a research assistant at the Inofrmation Systems Laboratory of Stanford University. From 1979 to 1996, he was a faculty of Ibaraki University, Japan (the final position was a professor and chairperson of the Information and System Sciences Major). Since 1996, he was a Professor of Waseda University, Department of Computer Science and Engineering. From 2011 to 2013, he was the director of the Media Network Center of Waseda University. At the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami of March 11, 2011, he was in charge of the safety inquiry of 65,000 students, staffs and faculties. Since 2017, <mask> is a Professor Emeritus and an Honorary Researcher of the Research Institute of Science and Engineering of Waseda University. Since 2018, he serves as an acting president of the Waseda Electrical Engineering Society.Work
<mask>’s works on machine learning and human-aware information processing have dual foundations. Studies on the competitive learning (vector quantization) for his Ph.D. at Stanford University brought about his succeeding works on machine learning contributions. Studies on stochastic spiking neurons for his Dr. Engineering at Waseda University set off applications of biological signals to the machine learning. Thus, his works can be grouped reflecting

masks: Matsuyama Matsuyama Matsuyama


texts: these dual foundations. Statistical machine learning algorithms: The use of the alpha-logarithmic likelihood ratio in learning cycles generated the alpha-EM algorithm (alpha-Expectation maximization algorithm). Because the alpha-logarithm includes the usual logarithm, the alpha-EM algorithm contains the EM-algorithm (more precisely, the log-EM algorithm). The merit of the speedup by the alpha-EM over the log-EM is due to the ability to utilize the past information.Such a usage of the messages from the past brought about the alpha-HMM estimation algorithm (alpha-hidden Markov model estimation algorithm) that is a generalized and faster version of the hidden Markov model estimation algorithm (HMM estimation algorithm). Competitive learning on empirical data: Starting from the speech compression studies at Stanford, <mask> developed generalized competitive learning algorithms; the harmonic competition and the multiple descent cost competition. The former realizes the multiple-object optimization. The latter admits deformable centroids. Both algorithms generalize the batch-mode vector quantization (simply called, vector quantization) and the successive-mode vector quantization (or, called learning vector quantization). A hierarchy from the alpha-EM to the vector quantization: <mask> contributed to generate and identify the hierarchy of the above algorithms. Alpha-EM ⊃ log-EM ⊃ basic competitive learning (vector quantization, VQ; or clustering).On the class of the vector quantization and competitive learning, he contributed to generate and identify the hierarchy of VQs. VQ ⇔ {batch mode VQ, and learning VQ} ⊂ {harmonic competition} ⊂ {multiple descent cost competition}. Applications to Human-aware information processing: The dual foundations'' of his led to

masks: Matsuyama Matsuyama


texts:
 the applications to huma-aware information processing. Retrieval systems for similar images and videos. Bipedal humanoid operations via invasive and noninvasive brain signals as well as gestures. Continuous authentication of uses by brain signals. Self-organization and emotional feature injection based on the competitive learning.Decomposition of DNA sequences by the independent component analysis (US Patent: US 8,244,474 B2). Data compression of speech signals by the competitive learning. The above theories and applications work as contributions to IoCT (Internet of Collaborative Things) and IoXT (http://www.asc-events.org/ASC17/Workshop.php). Awards and honors
2016: e-Teaching Award of Waseda University
2015: Best Textbook Award by the Japanese Society of Information Processing
2014: Fellow of the Japanese Society of Information Processing
2013: IEEE Life Fellow
2008: Y. Dote Memorial Best Paper Award of CSTST 2008 from ACM and IEEE
2006: LSI Intellectual Property Design Award from the LSI IP Committee
2004: Best Paper Award for Application Oriented Research from Asia Pacific Neural Network Assembly
2002: Fellow Award from the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
2001: Telecommunication System Major Award of the Telecommunications Advancement Foundation
2001: Outstanding Paper Award of IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
1998: Fellow Award from IEEE
1992: Best Paper Award from the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
1989: Telecommunication System Promotion Award of the Telecommunications Advancement Foundation

References

External links
<mask> <mask>, Professor Emeritus of Waseda University
<mask> Matsuyama at IEEE

1947 births
Living people
Machine learning researchers
Waseda University

masks: Yasuo Matsuyama Yasuo


texts:
<mask> (born 23 January 1981) is a Canadian former professional soccer player, who played as a forward, and CEO of Pacific FC. Early life and education
<mask> was born 23 January 1981 in Rosetown, Saskatchewan, Canada, and grew up in Kelowna, British Columbia. He was the first Kelowna-based player to make the British Columbia Provincial team, a collection of top youth players, and was named captain of the 1997 team. <mask> was exposed to senior level play early, appearing for Okanagan Challenge of the Premier Development Soccer League as well as appearing in an exhibition for the Vancouver 86ers of the A-League. Despite training with English club Crewe Alexandra F.C., <mask> decided to attend Western Michigan University instead of turning pro. He played college soccer for the Western Michigan Broncos from 1999 to 2000, appearing in 40 games and scoring 9 goals. <mask> transferred to the University of California, Santa Barbara and finished his collegiate career with the UC Santa Barbara Gauchos men's soccer team.As a senior, <mask> scored in 12 consecutive matches which ranks fifth in NCAA Division I history. He appeared in 40 games for the Gauchos, scoring 31 goals and assisting on 9 more. He was named as a 2002 All-American, becoming the first Gaucho in 32 years to receive the honor. Club career

Norway
After graduation from UCSB, <mask> went on trial with Moss FK in December 2002. After a positive showing, he signed a two-year deal in December 2002 for Moss FK's upcoming 2003 Norwegian First Division season. Despite his contract with Moss FK, <mask> was drafted in the 4th Round (35th Overall) of the 2003 MLS SuperDraft by Chicago Fire making him the first player from UCSB drafted to MLS. <mask> made 41 league appearances and scored 16 league goals for Moss FK over his

masks:
Robert Douglas Friend
Friend
Friend
Friend
Friend
Friend
Friend
Friend
Friend


texts:
 two-season span with the club before being transferred to Molde FK in August 2004.With Molde, he won the 2005 Norwegian Football Cup and scored a goal in the Final. He remained with the Molde FK until 2006, making 40 league appearances and scoring 14 league goals for the club. The Netherlands
Early 2006 saw interest in <mask> rise with Crystal Palace F.C. and Vålerenga Fotball among teams looking to purchase him. It was announced in late March 2006 that <mask> was sold to SC Heerenveen ahead of the 2006–07 Eredivisie season. Per terms of the agreement, his last game for Molde FK was in July and a portion of the transfer fee went to his original club Moss FK. After making 19 appearances with Heerenveen and scoring five goals, he was loaned to Heracles Almelo in January 2007 to conclude the 2006–07 Eredivisie season.Despite his contributions, Heerenveen deemed him surplus to requirements and transferred him on to Borussia Mönchengladbach. Germany
During the 2007–08 season <mask> scored 18 goals in 33 matches, making him Borussia Mönchengladbach's top scorer and the second top scorer in Bundesliga 2. His team finished first, and were promoted to the Bundesliga. On 17 August 2008, <mask> scored in his very first game in the Bundesliga, against VfB Stuttgart. After three years in Mönchengladbach, including two in the Bundesliga, <mask> was sold from the club and was bought by the newly relegated Hertha BSC for €1.8 million. <mask> made his debut and scored his first goal for Berlin on 14 August 2010 in a DFB-Pokal cup match versus Pfullendorf, the game ended as a 2–0 victory. Six days later he made his league debut for the team in a 3–2 victory over Rot-Weiß Oberhausen.On 12 September, <mask> had a man of the match performance scoring 2 goals in a 3–1 home victory over Arminia

masks: Friend Friend Friend Friend Friend Friend Friend


texts:
 Bielefeld at Olympic Stadium. <mask> finished his first season with Hertha having scored 6 goals in 27 appearances in the 2. Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal. He helped Hertha win the 2. Bundesliga gaining automatic promotion back to top flight football. On the final day of the 2011 summer transfer window, <mask> returned to the second division, joining the newly relegated Eintracht Frankfurt. He was close to re-joining Major League Soccer in the United States in January 2013, but despite interest from Vancouver Whitecaps FC <mask> saw his contract to completion in Germany.United States
On 13 January 2014, <mask> made the move to Major League Soccer club Los Angeles Galaxy. After one season with Los Angeles, which included winning the 2014 MLS Cup, <mask> announced his retirement on 10 December 2014 due to issues stemming from concussions. International career

<mask> has represented Canada at the U-20, U-23, and senior levels. He saw action in the 2001 FIFA World Youth Championship, as well as the 2004 CONCACAF Men Pre-Olympic Tournament. <mask> made his debut with the senior international team on 18 January 2003 in a friendly with the United States. Since then, and as of February 2013, he has been capped 32 times by his country, scoring twice. He has represented Canada in five FIFA World Cup qualification matches.Personal life
<mask> was inducted into the UCSB Intercollegiate Athletics Hall of Fame in 2008. In August 2014, <mask> was named as the inaugural sports ambassador for the Academy for Canadians in Sports and Entertainment – Los Angeles. <mask> is married to Marisa Lauren "Mari" Bell, a former UC Santa Barbara women's volleyball player. The couple have 3 children. Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list Canada's goal tally first, score column

masks: Friend Friend Friend Friend Friend Friend Friend Friend Friend Friend


texts:
 indicates score after each <mask> goal. References

External links

 Canada player profile

 UC Santa Barbara player profile

1981 births
Living people
People from Rosetown
Association football forwards
Soccer people from British Columbia
Soccer people from Saskatchewan
Sportspeople from Kelowna
Canadian soccer players
Canada men's international soccer players
2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
Canadian expatriate soccer players
Canadian expatriates in the United States
Canadian expatriate sportspeople in Norway
Canadian expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Canadian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
UC Santa Barbara Gauchos men's soccer players
Moss FK players
Molde FK players
SC Heerenveen players
Heracles Almelo players
Borussia Mönchengladbach players
Hertha BSC players
Chicago Fire FC draft picks
Eintracht Frankfurt players
Eintracht Frankfurt II players
TSV 1860 Munich players
LA Galaxy players
Eliteserien players
Norwegian First Division players
Eredivisie players
Bundesliga players
2. Bundesliga players
Major League Soccer players
Expatriate soccer players in the United States
Expatriate footballers in Norway
Expatriate footballers in the Netherlands
Expatriate footballers in Germany
Pacific FC non-playing staff
Canada men's youth international soccer players
Canada men's under-23 international soccer


texts:
<mask> (April 22, 1811 – November 3, 1892) was an American industrialist. He owned plantations and sugar refineries in Louisiana and a large distillery in New York City. In 1858 his distillery was at the heart of a scandal when an exposé in a weekly magazine accused it (and other distilleries) of producing altered and unsafe milk, called "swill milk", for sale to the public. The swill milk scandal helped to create the demand for consumer protection laws in the United States. Early life and education
<mask>'s father, William M<mask>, was a sea captain from Nova Scotia. In 1795 he purchased land in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, along with a partner from Salem, Massachusetts named <mask>. The partners built a sugar plantation there called "Magnolia", where they settled and began to produce sugar.In the 1830s, <mask> moved his family to a new plantation four miles further up the Mississippi River, in Pointe à la Hache, Louisiana. He named his new plantation "Woodland". <mask> <mask>, born in 1811, was the third of four sons. He was named after his father's business partner, <mask>. By 1820, Captain <mask> had also begun purchasing property on the West side of Manhattan and had gone into the distillery and sugar refining business in New York. <mask> <mask>, who was born in Louisiana, attended Columbia College in New York City, graduating in the class of 1831.

<mask> started out as a partner in the distilling company William Johnson and Sons. After his father's death, he went into business with a man named Moses Lazarus as Johnson and Lazarus.Upon the retirement of Lazarus, the firm was renamed Bradish Johnson and Sons. The <mask>s owned several properties, including a distillery at 244 Washington Street. The largest facility occupied

masks:
Bradish Johnson
Bradish Johnson
. Johnson
George Bradish
William Johnson
Bradish
Johnson
George Bradish
William Johnson
Bradish
Johnson
Business Johnson
Johnson


texts:
 two city blocks near the Hudson River, from Ninth Avenue to Eleventh Avenue between 15th and 16th Streets. The distillery was east of Tenth Avenue, while the cow barns and dairy were located west of Tenth. Through his distilleries and his investments in real estate, <mask> became very wealthy. He became one of the directors of the Chemical Bank of New York when it was rechartered in 1844. He served as a director for the next twenty years.<mask> was an innovator in the sugar industry, and his refinery was the first to "successfully make use of centrifugal machines in the manufacture of sugar". <mask> inherited Woodland Plantation from one of his brothers before the Civil War. He eventually purchased a number of other plantations in the area: Pointe Celeste, Bellevue, and the Orange Farm. He also acquired two plantations above New Orleans which he renamed after his married daughters: Whitney Plantation and Carroll Plantation. When <mask>'s estate was settled in 1900, it included 31 pieces of New York real estate, which together added up to 78 acres. All the lots were purchased by a corporation formed by his heirs for a total of $4,769,100. "Swill milk" scandal

The  Johnson & Lazarus distillery at 16th Street was the subject of a famous muckraking exposé by Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper in 1858.Distilleries in 19th century New York had to dispose of the tons of organic waste they generated, and their solution was to feed the still hot mash to hundreds of sick old cows and then sell the milk. The cows were crowded into filthy stables, and were so sickly that some of them were reportedly held up by slings. The milk, referred to as "swill milk", was often cut with water and then thickened with chalk or flour. Swill milk was

masks: Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson


texts:
 accused of being a major cause of infant mortality — it was sold from pushcarts all over the city, advertised, e.g., as farm-fresh milk from Orange County. <mask> was a supporter of the Tammany Hall politician Alderman Michael Tuomey, known as "Butcher Mike". Tuomey defended the distillers vigorously throughout the scandal — in fact, he was put in charge of the Board of Health investigation. Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper staked out <mask>'s mansion at 21st and Broadway, and reported that in the midst of the investigation, Tuomey was observed making late night visits.The Board of Health exonerated the distillers, but public outcry led to the passage of the first food safety laws in the form of milk regulations in 1862. Civil War years

Petitioning Lincoln
In 1863 <mask> took a leading part in the "Conservative Unionists", a group of businessmen with interests in the South who wanted occupied Louisiana let back into the Union with her 1852 constitution intact. They claimed that the state constitution had not been dissolved and the secession was illegal, so the President should allow the state back into the Union with slavery intact. <mask> and two other plantation owners made their argument in a letter to President Lincoln, reinforced by a personal visit. Lincoln was not impressed. In his dismissive response he wrote "I do not perceive how such committal could facilitate our military operations in Louisiana, I really apprehend it might be so used as to embarrass them." <mask> v. Dow
In 1863 <mask> brought a suit against a Union general.The suit claimed that in 1862 the occupying Union Army, under the command of General Neal S. Dow of the 13th Maine Regiment, 'took from <mask>'s plantation twenty-five hogsheads of sugar,

masks: Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson


texts:
 plundered the dwelling-house hereon and took one silver pitcher, one-half dozen silver knives, one-half dozen silver spoons, one fish knife, one-half dozen silver teaspoons and other articles.' <mask> presented himself as a loyal citizen of the Union, residing in New York, who had simply been robbed by the Union Army. He was awarded $1750 in damages by the court. When Dow failed to pay him, he sued Dow in Dow's home state of Maine after the war. The case went all the way to the Supreme Court, which handed down a decision in 1876 against <mask>, pointing out that his holdings were in conquered territory during a time of war, and that it would be very hard to engage in warfare if the enemy could sue for damages. "<mask> v. Dow" became a hot topic of debate during the heated Tilden-Hayes Presidential election of 1876, as the country tried to figure out the confusing nature of the status of the defeated Confederate states. Woodland described
In 1863 the Union Army's "Office of Negro Labor" was sent to Woodland to investigate conditions there.They found that on the plantation "great ill feeling and discontent" existed. The slaves begged to be given permission to enlist in the Union Army. They complained that their rations were "unfairly curtailed" by the overseer and that he was "lecherous toward their women". After the inspectors had left, the overseer is said to have "harangued the Negroes, boasted of his unlimited power over them," and "used seditious and insulting language" towards the Union. This report presents a very different picture from the one that appeared in <mask>'s New York Times obituary and in the official history of the Chemical Corn Exchange Bank, which claimed that he had freed his slaves prior to the Emancipation


texts:
 Proclamation. Personal life

<mask> married a New Yorker named Louisa Anna Lawrance around 1834. Together they had ten children.Their New York residence was located near fashionable Madison Square, at 21st Street on the short block between Broadway and Fifth Avenue. In 1874 <mask> retired from business in New York and moved to New Orleans, where he had a new Italianate mansion built in the Garden District at 2343 Prytania Street. The house is now home to the Louise S. McGehee School. The family also had an estate in East Islip, on the South Shore of Long Island, NY, which is where <mask> died on November 3, 1892. <mask> is interred at Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York. Legacy
After <mask> retired to New Orleans, his house at 21st and Broadway was home to the Lotos Club. In 1918 the <mask> heirs had an office building erected on the site.The building, at 921–925 Broadway, is called the Bradish Johnson Building. An image of "Woodland" was used on the logo of the liqueur Southern Comfort from 1934 to 2001. Since 1997 the site of the Johnson & Lazarus distillery at 16th Street and Ninth Avenue, later the factory of National Biscuit Company,  has been home to Chelsea Market. The house at Woodland Plantation  has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1998, and is operated as a bed and breakfast. References

External links
Finding aid for the Bradish Johnson Papers at the Museum of the City of New York
Green-Wood Cemetery Burial Search
Bradish Johnson Papers at The Historic New Orleans Collection

1811 births
1892 deaths
People from Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana
Businesspeople from New York City
American industrialists
Columbia College (New York) alumni
People from Bay Shore, New York
19th-century American

masks: Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson


texts: <mask> (; born 28 September 1982) is an Indian actor. He is one of the highest-paid actors of Hindi cinema and has featured in Forbes Indias Celebrity 100 list since 2012. <mask> is the recipient of several awards, including six Filmfare Awards. The son of actors <mask> and Neetu Singh, and the grandson of veteran actor-director <mask>, <mask> pursued filmmaking and method acting at the School of Visual Arts and the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute, respectively. He subsequently assisted Sanjay Leela Bhansali on the film Black (2005) and made his acting debut with Bhansali's tragic romance Saawariya (2007), a critical and commercial failure. <mask> rose to prominence in 2009 with his performances in the coming-of-age film Wake Up Sid, the romantic comedy Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani, and the drama Rocket Singh: Salesman of the Year. His most widely seen film in this period came with the political drama Raajneeti (2010).The romantic drama Rockstar (2011), in which he played a troubled musician, and the comedy-drama Barfi! (2012), in which he played a cheerful deaf-and-mute man, earned <mask> two consecutive Best Actor awards at Filmfare. A starring role opposite Deepika Padukone in the romantic comedy Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani (2013) established him as a leading Bollywood actor. He followed this with roles in a series of films that did not perform well commercially, with the exception of the romance Ae Dil Hai Mushkil (2016). This was changed in 2018 when <mask> portrayed Sanjay Dutt in Rajkumar Hirani's biopic Sanju, one of the highest-grossing Indian films of all time, for which he won another Filmfare Award for Best Actor. In

masks:
Ranbir Kapoor
Kapoor
Rishi Kapoor
Raj Kapoor
Kapoor
Kapoor
Kapoor
Kapoor


texts:
 addition to his acting career, <mask> supports charities and causes. He is also a co-owner of the Indian Super League football team Mumbai City FC.Early life and background

<mask> was born on 28 September 1982 in Bombay, Maharashtra to Rishi <mask> and Neetu Singh, both actors of the Hindi film industry. He is the great-grandson of Prithviraj <mask> and the grandson of actor-director Raj. His elder sister, Riddhima (born 1980), is an interior and fashion designer. The actor Randhir <mask> is his uncle, and his daughters, actresses Karisma and Kareena <mask> are his first cousins. <mask> is of Punjabi Khatri descent, born to a Hindu father and a Sikh mother. <mask> was educated at the Bombay Scottish School in Mahim, South Mumbai. As a student, he found little interest in academics and would rank low among his peers.However, he has stated that he performed better in sports, particularly football. <mask> has been vocal about how his parent's troubled marriage affected him as a child: "Sometimes the fights would get really bad. I would be sitting on the steps, my head between my knees, till five or six in the morning, waiting for them to stop". These experiences led to a "reservoir of emotions building up inside [him]", which he said compelled him to develop an interest in film. In his early years, <mask> was close to his mother, but had a dysfunctional relationship with his father. After completing his tenth standard examinations, he worked as an assistant director to his father on the film Aa Ab Laut Chalen (1999), during which he developed a closer bond with him. After completing his pre-university education from the Hassaram

masks: Kapoor Kapoor Kapoor Kapoor Kapoor Kapoor Kapoor Kapoor Kapoor Kapoor


texts:
 Rijhumal College of Commerce and Economics, Hyderabad (Sind) National Collegiate University in Churchgate, South Mumbai; <mask> relocated to New York City to learn film-making at the School of Visual Arts, New York City in Gramercy Park, Lower Manhattan, and subsequently pursued method acting at the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute in Union Square, Lower Manhattan.In film school, <mask> directed and starred in two short films, entitled Passion to Love and India 1964. The loneliness of living alone in New York City coupled with his experience in film school, which he described as "useless", inspired him to pursue a career in Bollywood. Upon returning to Mumbai, <mask> was hired as an assistant director to Sanjay Leela Bhansali on the 2005 film Black. He described the experience: "I was getting beaten up, abused, doing everything from cleaning the floor to fixing the lights from 7 am to 4 am, but I was learning every day." He later remarked that his motive for working on Black was to get Bhansali to offer him an acting job. Career

Debut and initial success (2007–2010)

Following the release of Black, Bhansali cast <mask> as the protagonist of his 2007 tragic romance Saawariya, alongside Sonam <mask> and Rani Mukerji. The film tells the story of a tramp, played by him, who falls obsessively in love with a woman awaiting the return of her lover.In an interview with the news and entertainment portal Rediff.com, <mask> stated that his character was written as a tribute to his grandfather's iconic roles as a tramp. Saawariya was the first Indian film to be produced by a Hollywood studio (Sony Pictures Entertainment), and was a

masks: Kapoor Kapoor Kapoor Kapoor Kapoor Kapoor


texts: highly anticipated release. However, film critics were disappointed with the picture with BBC's Jaspreet Pandohar calling it a "misfire on a massive scale". CNN-IBN's Rajeev Masand considered it "contrived and fake", but was impressed by <mask>'s "affable charm" and wrote that "he’s got that star quality to him which is so rare to find." At the box office, Saawariya failed to earn profits. However, at the annual Filmfare Awards ceremony, <mask> was awarded a Best Male Debut trophy. Despite the commercial failure of Saawariya, <mask> was contracted by Yash Raj Films for a primary role in the Siddharth Anand-directed romantic comedy Bachna Ae Haseeno (2008).The film was his first commercial success, in which his role was that of a womaniser who is romantically involved with three women, played by Bipasha Basu, Minissha Lamba, and Deepika Padukone, at different stages of his life. Rachel Saltz of The New York Times expressed mixed views on his performance, but predicted that his "puppy-dog sweetness" would "serve him well as a Bollywood leading man". In 2009, <mask> had three film releases. In Dharma Productions's Wake Up Sid, a coming of age film from director Ayan Mukerji, <mask> portrayed Siddharth "Sid" Mehra, a rich, lazy teenager whose life undergoes a series of changes after interacting with an ambitious journalist (played by Konkana Sen Sharma). When Mukerji narrated the then-untitled script of the film to him, <mask> came up with the title himself. The media expressed doubt on the film's financial prospect as it depicted a romantic relationship between a younger man and an older woman. It eventually emerged as a sleeper hit


texts: and garnered acclaim from the critics.Taran Adarsh of Bollywood Hungama reviewed that <mask>'s performance in the film proved that he was "amongst the best in the business today". <mask> next starred opposite Katrina Kaif in Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani, a slapstick comedy from director Rajkumar Santoshi, that emerged as the fourth highest-grossing Bollywood film of 2009. Film critic Gaurav Malani praised <mask>'s flair for comedy, but criticised his "over-excited husky baritone". <mask>'s final release that year was the Shimit Amin-directed Rocket Singh: Salesman of the Year, a drama about a sardar who aspires to be a salesman. Film critic Mayank Shekhar praised the film and found <mask>'s performance to be "astonishingly sincere", but the film earned little at the box office. <mask> later professed to being highly disappointed by the film's commercial failure. At the 55th Filmfare Awards, <mask> was awarded the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor for his performances in all three of his 2009 releases, and he also received two Best Actor nominations at the ceremony for Wake Up Sid and Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani.Prakash Jha's big-budget ensemble political drama Raajneeti was <mask>'s first release of 2010. The film, which starred Nana Patekar, Ajay Devgn, Arjun Rampal, Manoj Bajpayee, Katrina Kaif and Sarah Thompson in prominent roles, was inspired by the Indian epic The Mahabharata and Mario Puzo's 1969 novel The Godfather. <mask>'s role was of Samar Pratap (based on the characters of Arjuna and Michael Corleone), the youngest heir of an Indian political dynasty, who is reluctantly drawn to politics after the assassination of his

masks: Kapoor Kapoor Kapoor Kapoor Kapoor Kapoor Kapoor Kapoor Kapoor


texts:
 father. <mask> described it as his first complex role and considered it a departure from the "lover boy roles" that he had previously played. Nikhat Kazmi of The Times of India reviewed: "The film finally belongs to <mask> <mask> who perfects the art of minimalismand literally grows before your eyesas the simmering volcano that cannot be held back, once it erupts." Robert Abele of the Los Angeles Times, however, was more critical of his performance which he considered "stony rather than calculatingespecially jarring compared to the histrionic turns around him". Indian trade journalists were apprehensive of Raajneeti recovering its  investment.The film, however, proved to be a major commercial success with worldwide earnings of over . <mask> received a third Best Actor nomination at Filmfare for the film. Later that same year, <mask> collaborated with Priyanka Chopra on Anand's Anjaana Anjaani, a comedy-drama involving two strangers who vow to commit suicide on New Year's Eve. The film was a moderate financial success, but garnered little praise from the critics. Rajeev Masand noted that <mask> "struggles with a badly-defined role" and NDTV's Anupama Chopra concluded: "<mask> tries hard to salvage the film, dropping his shirt several times but even his lovingly shot chest can’t save the film." Critical acclaim (2011–2013)

Following an item number in the children's film Chillar Party (2011), <mask> took on the role of Janardhan "Jordan" Jakhar in Imtiaz Ali's Rockstar, a drama that follows the journey of an aspiring musician from a humble background to international stardom. In preparation for the role, <mask> lived with a Jat

masks: Kapoor Ranbir Kapoor Kapoor Kapoor Kapoor Ranbir Kapoor Kapoor


texts: family in Pitam Pura and studied their mannerisms.He additionally learned to play the guitar and practiced extensively at A.R. Rahman's (the film's music composer) music studio. As part of the film's promotional activity, <mask> performed at a live concert in Mumbai. Film critics were polarised on their view of the film, but were unanimous in their praise for <mask>; Aniruddha Guha of Daily News and Analysis was particularly impressed with the film and thought that <mask>'s portrayal was one of "Hindi cinema’s most accomplished performances by a lead actor". For the role, <mask> won both the Best Actor and Best Actor (Critics) trophies at the 57th Filmfare Awards ceremony, along with Best Actor awards at Screen and IIFA. With a gross revenue of , Rockstar was one of the top-grossing Hindi films of the year. The 2012 romantic comedy Barfi!was <mask>'s first release to earn over  at the domestic box office. Directed by Anurag Basu, the film (set in the 1970s) tells the story of its titular protagonist (a deaf and mute man, played by <mask>) who falls in love with a woman who is already engaged (played by Ileana D'Cruz) and later, an autistic girl (played by Priyanka Chopra). In preparation, <mask> observed the work of actors Roberto Benigni, Charlie Chaplin, and his grandfather. Barfi! received praise from the critics, and the performances of the three lead actors were acclaimed. Ronnie Scheib of Variety praised <mask> for successfully channeling Chaplin in "tone and affect", and Raja Sen of Rediff.com wrote that "he does very strongly indeed with this Chaplin-tribute role, bestowing his character with heart every step of the way".

masks: Kapoor Kapoor Kapoor Kapoor Kapoor Kapoor Kapoor Kapoor


texts:
 The film was submitted as India's official entry for the 85th Academy Awards, and was screened at the Marrakech and Busan International Film Festivals.<mask> won second consecutive Best Actor awards at the Filmfare, Screen, and IIFA Award ceremonies. <mask> achieved further success in 2013 when he reunited with director Ayan Mukerji for the romantic comedy Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani co-starring Deepika Padukone, Kalki Koechlin, and Aditya <mask>. He was cast as Kabir "Bunny" Thapar, a commitment-phobic photographer, a character <mask> found to be an extension of himself. His pairing with Padukone, after their highly publicised break-up, led to hype surrounding the film's release. Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani emerged as one of the highest-grossing Indian films of all time with earnings of , proving to be <mask>'s third consecutive commercial success in three years and earned him another Best Actor nomination at Filmfare. Film critics found the film to be "riddled with clichés", but praised both <mask> and Padukone, with Daily News and Analysis Tushar Joshi labelling their on-screen chemistry as "unsurpassable". <mask>'s second release of 2013 was the action-comedy film Besharam in which he played a petty thief, alongside Pallavi Sharda and his parents.The film met with an overwhelming negative reception and emerged as a failure; Sudhish Kamath of The Hindu described it as "<mask>'s hall of shame". Commercial struggles and resurgence (2014–present)
After a year-long absence from the screen, <mask> featured as a mysterious thief in Roy (2015), a romantic thriller which critic Sarita Tanwar described as a "boring, exhausting and pretentious"

masks:
Kapoor
Kapoor
Roy Kapoor
Kapoor
Kapoor
Kapoor
Kapoor
Kapoor
Kapoor


texts: film. The series of financial failures continued with his next release, the Anurag Kashyap-directed crime drama Bombay Velvet, based on the historian Gyan Prakash's book Mumbai Fables, which also starred Anushka Sharma and Karan Johar. <mask> portrayed an ambitious boxer in the 1960s who is drawn towards a life of crime; he based his tapori diction on Johnny Walker's character in Mr. & Mrs. '55 (1955). Made on a budget of , the film opened to meager box-office collections and mixed reviews from critics. Ritika Bhatia of Business Standard found <mask>'s part to be a departure from his previous roles, writing that he "does test the waters with methodical sincerity but his portrayal lacks depth on occasion". Bombay Velvet was eventually screened at the Locarno and Bucheon film festivals.<mask> next reunited with Deepika Padukone in Tamasha (2015), a romantic drama from Imtiaz Ali. He played the role of Ved Sahni, a man who desires a career in the arts but settles for a life of monotony as an engineer. Once again, the film failed commercially and received mixed reviews from critics. <mask>'s performance was praised; Lisa Tsering of The Hollywood Reporter wrote, "<mask> is beautifully cast, his trademark mix of assertive theatricality and subtle emotion well suited to the role of a man who seemingly has it all under control, until he doesn’t." <mask>'s career prospect briefly improved in 2016 when he took on the lead role of an aspiring musician in Karan Johar's Ae Dil Hai Mushkil (2016). The romantic drama, co-starring Anushka Sharma and Aishwarya Rai, tells the story of unrequited love, and proved to be one of the highest-grossing


texts: Bollywood films of the year. Critical reception was mixed; Joe Leydon of Variety thought that "<mask> [is] often erring on the side of annoying while trying to balance vulnerability and self-centeredness".Both Tamasha and Ae Dil Hai Mushkil earned <mask> Best Actor nominations at Filmfare. In a collaboration with director Anurag Basu, <mask> formed a production company named Picture Shuru Productions, whose first release was the musical comedy-mystery film Jagga Jasoos (2017), which tells the story of a gifted teenager's search for his missing stepfather. Production on the project was plagued with difficultiesprincipal photography began in 2014, but the release date was pushed back several times owing to changes in the script, multiple reshoots, and rumours of animosity between <mask> and co-star Katrina Kaif (the couple had broken-up before they finished filming). Anna M. M. Vetticad of Firstpost considered the film to be "a laudable experiment that zigzags off course", and while praising <mask>'s dedication to his part, criticised the decision to cast him as a teenage schoolboy. It did not perform well commercially which led <mask> to regret his venture into production. In 2018, <mask> portrayed the actor Sanjay Dutt in Rajkumar Hirani's biopic Sanju. It deals with Dutt's troubled relationship with his father, his drug addiction, and arrest for illegal possession of firearms.<mask> was keen to avoid a hagiographic narrative and did not want to mimic Dutt's mannerisms. He interacted extensively with Dutt and took a month's time to transform himself physically before filming each phase of the actor's life. Saibal Chatterjee of


texts:
 NDTV thought that despite dramatic liberties, the film had successfully portrayed Dutt's complexity, and wrote that <mask> "pulls out the stops in astonishingly effective ways, subsuming his personality into that of the protagonist". Uday Bhatia of Mint was more critical for making Dutt too sympathetic despite his misdeeds, and wrote that <mask>'s "imitation (astonishing at times) takes over the performance". Sanjus strong financial performance re-established <mask>'s stardom. With earnings of over , it emerged as one of Indian cinema's biggest earners and <mask>'s highest-grossing release. He won another Best Actor award at Filmfare.Upcoming projects
As of January 2021, <mask> has four upcoming projects. He will feature opposite Alia Bhatt in Ayan Mukerji's fantasy film trilogy, which also stars Amitabh Bachchan, Mouni Roy, the first of which is named Brahmāstra. He has committed to play a dacoit in Karan Malhotra's period adventure film Shamshera, alongside Vaani <mask> and Sanjay Dutt, and will star with Ajay Devgn in Luv Ranjan's as-yet untitled action thriller. Crime drama film titled Animal to be directed by Sandeep Vanga is also announced. Personal life

<mask> has been vocal about his personal life, and has stated that his parents' marriage taught him how complex a relationship can be. He had his first serious relationship while in the seventh grade, and suffered from depression when it ended. While filming Bachna Ae Haseeno in 2008, <mask> began dating his co-star Deepika Padukone.The relationship attracted substantial media coverage in India and they speculated on an impending engagement. However, the couple broke up a


texts:
 year later. <mask> maintained that the split was amicable, though the media widely reported that the split was due to infidelity on <mask>'s part. <mask> later confessed: "Yes, I have, out of immaturity, out of inexperience, out of taking advantage of certain temptations, out of callousness." Later in 2015, <mask> stated that they both had resolved the conflict and had moved on with their lives. Since the split, he has been reticent to publicly discuss his personal life. Rumours of an affair with Katrina Kaif first emerged during the production of Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani in 2009.In August 2013, a set of paparazzi photographs of <mask> and Kaif at a beach in Spain were published by Stardust. Although <mask> initially declined to speak of the relationship, he admitted to it in 2015: "Both of us are sure about our relationship and if we don't open about it now, it would be showing disrespect to the relationship." As of February 2016, the media reported that they had broken up. In 2018, he began dating Alia Bhatt, his co-star in Brahmastra (2022). He also admitted to being addicted to smoking and drinking. Off-screen work

In addition to acting, <mask> is a football enthusiast and supports charities and organisations. He is the vice-captain of the All Stars Football Club, a celebrity football club that raises money for charity.In March 2013, he played the game to raise funds for the Magic Funds Organisation, an NGO for underprivileged children. Along with the chartered accountant Bimal Parekh, <mask> acquired ownership rights in 2014 for the Mumbai-based football team of the Indian Super League, named Mumbai City FC. Also that


texts: year, <mask> announced his participation with the digital music company Saavn as a content and programming adviser. In 2016, he featured in the documentary series Girls with Goals, to create awareness about and raise funds for YUWA, an all-girls football team in the state of Jharkhand. <mask> supports the empowerment of the girl child and is the goodwill ambassador of Shabana Azmi's Mijwan Welfare Society, an NGO which helps empower women. He supports environmental charities, and in 2011 donated money to the Community Water Initiative, a charitable organisation owned by PepsiCo. In 2012, he appeared alongside other celebrities in a short film by Zoya Akhtar to generate awareness on breast cancer.He is the campaign ambassador for NDTV's Marks for Sports, a nationwide initiative to promote fitness and health in India. In 2013, <mask> participated in an auction on eBay, where the highest bidder gets an opportunity to interact with him; the proceeds were donated to Save the Children, a non-profit organisation that raised funds for flood affected households in Uttarakhand. That same year, he appeared alongside other celebrities in a commercial, produced by the National Film Development Corporation of India, to create awareness about children's education. In December 2014, <mask> again took part in an eBay auction; the phiran he wore in Rockstar was sold, with proceeds going to the redevelopment of the flood-ravaged states of Kashmir and Assam. <mask> had also fronted a campaign to collect donations for the victims of the April 2015 Nepal earthquake. In 2015, he presented 2,000 raincoats to the Mumbai traffic police as an appreciation

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 for their service during the year's heavy monsoon. In 2018, <mask> collaborated with Aamir Khan's Paani Foundation to help local farmers and villagers suffering from drought in parts of Maharastra.In the media

Born into a family of popular actors, <mask> faced the media spotlight from a young age; Hindustan Times published that "he was always a star kid from whom everyone had great expectations". Despite the failure of his first film (Saawariya), IANS reported that he "rose like [a] meteor on film firmament by giving compelling performances in films like Raajneeti, Rockstar and [..] Barfi!" Discussing the commercial viability of <mask>, Apoorva Mehta (the COO of Dharma Productions) noted in 2013, "In a short career span of 10 films, <mask> <mask> has achieved a tremendous jump in the business done by his films." Also that year, The Economic Times credited him as "the most bankable actor of his generation". However, following the success of Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani, each of <mask>'s releases under-performed at the box-office. This led trade journalists to criticise his choice of films, noting that his inclination towards experimental projects negatively impacted his commercial appeal. Nationally, <mask> is one of the most popular and high-profile celebrities.In 2012 and 2013 Forbes featured him among the top twenty in India's Celebrity 100, a list based on the income and popularity of the country's celebrities. For the next two years, he was ranked 11th with an estimated annual earning of  and  respectively, making him one of the highest-paid actors in the country. <mask> has frequently featured in Rediff.com's annual listing of

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 "Bollywood's Best Actors"; he was ranked second in 2009, first in 2011, third in 2012, and held the sixth position in 2015. <mask> has been cited as one of the most attractive Indian celebrities by the media. He has featured on The Times of Indias listing of the 'Most Desirable Man' from 2010 to 2015, ranking among the top ten each year. In 2009 People magazine listed him as the "Sexiest Man Alive" in India, and in 2013 he topped Filmfares poll of the "Most Stylish Young Actor". Also in 2013, he was one of the recipients of the "People of the Year" award by the Limca Book of Records.In 2010, he was voted the "Sexiest Asian Man" in a poll conducted by the magazine Eastern Eye. <mask> continued to feature among the top ten of the list from 2011 to 2014. <mask> is also the celebrity endorser for various brands and services, including Pepsi, Panasonic, Renault India, Lenovo and the Spanish football club FC Barcelona. Awards and nominations

<mask> has been the recipient of six Filmfare Awards: Best Male Debut for Saawariya (2007), Critics Award for Best Actor for Wake Up Sid (2009), Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani (2009), and Rocket Singh: Salesman of the Year (2009) (jointly for the three films), and Rockstar (2011), and Best Actor awards for Rockstar, Barfi! (2012), and Sanju (2018). See also
 List of Indian film actors

References

External links

1982 births
Indian male film actors
Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute alumni
Living people
Male actors from Mumbai
Male actors in Hindi cinema
Punjabi people
Ranbir
Filmfare Awards winners
Indian male dancers
International Indian Film Academy Awards winners
Screen Awards

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<mask> (14 August 1897 – 15 May 1977) was an Italian futurist artist who has had retrospectives at the Walker Art Center and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum. Her work fits within the second phase of Italian Futurism. Biography
<mask> was born in Rome, the second of five children. Her mother, <mask>, was a numerologist and believed in the properties of alphabetic letters and gave her four sons names that begin with the letter A and her only daughter, Benedetta, a name that began with B. Her mother was a cultured woman and a Protestant. Her parents were rigid, but affectionate in her upbringing. <mask>’s father, <mask>, was an official of the Ministry of Railways and later an officer in the Italian army.He died after returning from World War I, a tragic event that impacted her so deeply that she described her emotional and psychological state as a “broken core”. Her brothers Alberto and Arturo, a historian and a journalist, also had ties to the military and Italian politics, bringing the family in close contact with the Socialist Party and eventually many Futurist thinkers. The Cappas were a middle-class family. <mask> <mask> had access to an education that allowed her to nurture her strong vocation to painting and literature. As a child, Cappa wrote poetry and took painting and piano lessons. She attended Vittoria Columna high school in Rome and graduated in 1914. During World War I she worked at an after-school program for underprivileged children.Her interest in educational science led her to explore the pedagogy of Maria Montessori, whose ideas and concepts treat learning as a primarily sensory experience. <mask>’s interest in tactile exploration continued and would later be

masks:
Benedetta Cappa
Benedetta
Amalia Cappa
Cappa
Innoczo Cappa
Benedetta
Cappa
Cappa


texts:
 reconfigured in her version of Futurist ideology. She received a degree in elementary education from the "Universita degli Studi di Roma" in 1917. Around 1917, <mask>’s brother’s activities with the Futurists and friendship with Futurist artist Růžena Zátková inspired her to leave teaching. She began her training as a painter in the studio of Giacomo Balla, an abstract artist who created pieces that captured movement and light. <mask> initially modeled her choices of theme and style after her mentor, depicting dynamic objects and the impact they have on their surroundings. Balla became an important mentor and a lifelong friend.Cappa began to meet avant-garde artists, poets and writers who gathered in the studio. In 1918, she met Filippo Tommaso Marinetti at Casa Balla. Their friendship was first based on intellectual pursuits and they began exchanging letters in 1918. Initially, these are written with a certain formality on both parts and deal with Futurist ideas and a discussion of their literary works. By 1920 Marinetti is addressing his correspondence to B<mask> Marinetti. <mask> and Marinetti married three years later. Artwork and influence
Though she was an artist active in Futurist circles, Cappa felt labels were restrictive and initially rejected the designation.In a 1918 correspondence with F.T. Marinetti she writes, “I am too free and rebellious – I do not want to be restricted. I want only to be me.”  Despite entering her marriage with such determined independence, the considerable contributions made by Cappa are often overshadowed by the figure of Marinetti and the vociferous manner with which he directed the movement. Cappa’s body of work spanned a range of media that

masks:
Cappa
Cappa
. Cappa
Cappa


texts: included pen, paper, paint, metal and textiles. She wrote poetry and prose, signed, and spoke as an individual, but only recently has she garnered independent recognition. In 1919, Cappa published Spicologia di 1 Uomo, a collection of poetry which incorporates “unusual word placement, typographic experimentation, and visual and auditory correspondences”. Subsequently published in 1924, Le Forze Umane: Romanzo Astratto con Sintesi Grafiche (Human Forces: Abstract Novel with Graphic Synthesis), has a similar structure presented in an extrapolated form.Two images from this novel provide an interesting conceptual contrast. The first, Forze Feminile: Spirale di Dolcezza + Serpe di Fascino (Feminine Forces:  Spiral of Sweetness + Serpent of Charm) consists simply of three curved lines, one of which provides a central axis for the other two. The linear composition of the second drawing, Forze Maschili: Armi e Piume (Masculine Forces: Weapons and Feathers), has numerous straight lines and arcs arranged in an impenetrable tangle. <mask>'s publication of Le Forze Umane was one of three books she has written. The release of her book made many futurists question her allegiance with Futurism, for her book seemed to align more with Neo-Plasticism at the time by many male Futurists who have written reviews on <mask>'s book. <mask> collected all of the reviews in her Librone which can be found at the Getty Research Institute. It was a decision made from many reviewers that <mask>'s first book represents the unwillingness from the reviewers to accept a women's work as part of Futurism.The action and aesthetic of the machine age is a trope within Futurism that appears frequently in <mask>’s artwork. One

masks: Cappa Cappa Cappa Cappa Cappa


texts: early abstract painting, Velocità di Motoscafo, (Velocity of a Motorboat), (1923–24), contains many of the elements that would come to mark <mask>’s painting style. Well defined, curvilinear shapes, painted in gradient tones are compositionally arranged to imply objects in motion: “… the interplay of ‘force lines,’ become the subject”. The artist’s exploration of the machine continued with Luci + Rumori di un Treno Notturno, (Lights + Sounds of a Night Train), (ca. 1924) and with Aeropittura (1925). A trip to Latin America in 1926 was followed by a series of abstract paintings done in gouache on paper. As <mask> developed her artistic practice, her influence within the Futurist Movement expanded.Between the end of World War I and the early 1930s, there was an ideological transformation which led to the period commonly known as Second Wave Futurism. The notably misogynistic tone of the foundation texts was largely muted as the number of female Futurists increased. Several other themes, such as Technology, Speed, and Mechanization carried over into this new incarnation of Futurism. For this reason, <mask>’s oil painting Il Grande X (1931) is considered the culmination of one era and the prelude to another. In the two decades since F.T. Marinetti’s manifesto, the brash avant-garde movement had largely become the establishment. It was the Futurists’ affiliation with the state establishment that would lead to one of <mask>’s most recognizable paintings, her mural series for the Conference Room at the Palazzo delle Poste in Palermo, Sicily.The building is an amalgam of works by several Futurist artists. Designed by the Rationalist architect, Angiolo Mazzoni, the Poste Italiane houses tile

masks: Cappa Cappa Cappa Cappa


texts:
 wall mosaics by Luigi Colombo Filìa and Enrico Prampolini in addition to the murals by Benendetta. The shared themes of synthesis and communication are critical to the aesthetic program of the Futurist structure. Completed between 1933 and 1934, each painting depicts a form of information transfer, including terrestrial, maritime, aerial, radio, telegraphic and telephonic communication. The pale blue and green color palette, along with the use of tempera and encaustic media, were designed to invoke resonances with Pompeian frescos. The collection represents the idealized speed and efficiency of message delivery in the modern world. Exhibition history and legacy
<mask>’s works were exhibited widely, along with the rest of the Italian Futurists, both during her lifetime and after, with major exhibitions as early as 1926 and up until the outbreak of World War II.She was a regular participant in the Venice Biennale, and was the first woman to have a painting reproduced in a Biennale catalog. A long pause ensued after the war, which lasted until the 1980s, when the works of the Futurists were, once again, starting to be appreciated. Indeed, it was Benedetta’s five monumental mural paintings, Sintesi delle Comunicazioni (Synthesis of Communication)(1933-1934), which closed the show, on loan for the first time ever, and placed as they were, at the apex of the exhibition. These murals are the best known of her works, stemming from the muralism movement of the second wave of Futurism, which began in the early 1930s. This new emphasis on murals by the Futurists was brought to prominence in 1934, when they published three articles on muralism in their new magazine, Stile Futurista. The effort was


texts:
 motivated by the younger Futurists, who thought the medium would allow them to utilize the panoptic and panoramic vision of the earlier, Aeropittura pictorial genre of the Futurists to best effect in creating the “total environment” in which they had long sought to immerse viewers with their works.(p. 317)

Futurist murals were unique in that they would contain only imagery inspired by modern technology.The Futurists were also keen to have public commissions for their murals, and cited numerous venues they wished to embellish with them in pamphlets published to accompany their two mural exhibitions of 1934. Their wish list included numerous political and public venues, such as train stations, posts offices, schools, and even a seaplane base. Despite their efforts, the Futurists received few public mural commissions in the 1930s, with the exception of three mural-sized works for the new Palazzi delle Poste e Telegraphi (Post and Telegraph offices) in La Spezia, Palermo. La Spezia was an important port and also home to several military bases at the time. Almost all of <mask>’s paintings which have survived were painted within a fifteen-year period. The earliest of these can be traced to 1924, when she created her well known Treno nella Note in Velocità, (Speeding Train by Night), as well as Velocità di Motoscafo'', (Speed of a Motorboat), considered her finest piece of abstract painting. In addition to her rich artistic legacy, <mask> constantly reaffirmed in her works a desire that contributions by women would help to reduce aggression, although she did so in accordance with the Futurist’s revolutionary ideals.But even within the context of the male-dominated Futurist movement, and the

masks: Benedetta Cappa


texts:
 marriage to its founder, <mask> insisted on direct action and participation for women: In her own words: “I believe that the feminine soul is at the dawn of her artistic expression...without copying the experiences of men.”(p. 69)

References

External links
Benedetta, WikiArt

1897 births
1977 deaths
Italian Futurist painters
Italian women painters
Painters from Rome
20th-century Italian painters
20th-century Italian women artists
Futurist


texts:
<mask> (born 29 May 1955) is a Spanish politician from Catalonia. She is the former President of the Parliament of Catalonia, as well as a Catalan high school teacher, known for her Catalan independence activism. She was one of the founders of Plataforma per la Llengua, a member of the executive board of the Sabadell branch of Òmnium Cultural, and president of the Catalan National Assembly from its inception until May 2015. In 2015, she won a seat in the Catalan parliament as part of the Junts pel Sí coalition. Subsequently, in October 2015 she was elected President of the Parliament of Catalonia, a position she held until January 2018. Since March 2018 until June 2021, she was jailed, accused of rebellion. In October 2019, she was sentenced by Spain's Supreme Court to 11 years and six months in prison and disqualification for the crimes of sedition and embezzlement of public funds.She was freed in June 2021 following a government pardon. Background
<mask> was born in Xerta, Spain. She is the daughter of a humble family; her father was a farmer and a truck driver. She was born in Xerta and at 18 she moved to Sabadell, where she currently lives. <mask> has a degree in philosophy and communication studies from the Autonomous University of Barcelona and a Masters in Catalan philology from the same university. She worked at the television station TVE Catalunya from 1979 to 1982 and with various other media organizations. <mask> has been a civil servant within the Catalan Department of Education since 1985, as the coordinator of linguistic normalization for the Department's Catalan Education Service since 1992, and then from 2004 on as a consultant of intercultural studies, language, and social cohesion in Vallès Occidental.She has published textbooks, books on language and literature, and a dictionary. She has been a contributing writer for various media outlets, writing about language planning, language, and identity. She is a member of the Comissió de la Dignitat (Commission on Dignity, an organization that works to have documents confiscated by the Franco regime returned to their rightful owners) and the Plataforma pel Dret de Decidir (Platform

masks:
Maria Carme Forcadell i Lluís
Forcadell
Forcadell
Forcadell


texts:
 for the Right to Decide), where she is part of the communications committee. Political career

Forcadell has been a member of Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya and served as a city councilperson for the political party in Sabadell from 2003 to 2007. On 22 April 2012 the members of the Executive Board of the Catalan National Assembly (ANC) chose Forcadell as president of the ANC. She was joined by Carles Castellanos as vice president and Jordi Martínez as secretary. During the summer of 2012, the ANC organized marches for independence all over Catalonia.As president of the ANC, <mask> was one of the leading voices behind the organization of the 2012 "Catalonia, Next State in Europe" rallies and the Catalan Way in 2013. On 17 May 2014, she was reelected president of the ANC with 97% of the votes. <mask> received the 2014 Joan Blanca Prize from the city of Perpignan in recognition of her commitment to the defense of Catalan culture and identity. On 16 May 2015, Jordi Sànchez i Picanyol succeeded her as President of the ANC. He was chosen by the members of the Executive Board despite Liz Castro's having received the most votes. The following July it was announced that <mask> would be a candidate in the Catalan parliamentary elections to be held on 27 September, running second behind Raül Romeva on the electoral list of the pro-independence coalition Together for Yes for the province of Barcelona. On 26 October 2015 <mask> was elected president of the Catalan parliament.Imprisonment

After the Catalan declaration of independence on 27 October 2017, <mask> was investigated by the Supreme Court for alleged crimes of rebellion and sedition. She first appeared in the Supreme Court on 2 November 2017 but the judge postponed her declaration as imputed for 9 November. On 9 November 2017 <mask> was sent to Madrid's Alcalá Meco jail, only overnight, over her role as the Speaker of the Catalan Parliament for having processed in the Parliament a bill of independence referendum, using an emergency procedure that was declared void by the Constitutional Court, violating the participation rights of the opposition parties and falsifying the publication of said

masks: Forcadell Forcadell Forcadell Forcadell Forcadell Forcadell