texts: <mask><mask><mask> (23 April 1925 – 21 September 2008) was a New Zealand professional wrestler, trainer and promoter. Hobman was one of the first homegrown stars to emerge from the Dominion Wrestling Union, and later Steve Rickard's All Star-Pro Wrestling, during the 1960s and 70s such as Tony Garea, Peter Maivia and The Sheepherders. Hobman twice won the NWA New Zealand Heavyweight Championship from John Da Silva in 1960 and Steve Rickard in 1964 with a combined reign of nearly 6 years as champion. He and Rickard were also the first New Zealand Tag Team Champions. Prior to wrestling, Hobman had a successful athletic career playing rugby union at Rongotai College as a lock for Oriental Rongotai as well as a professional bodybuilder winning both the Mr. Australasia and Mr. New Zealand bodybuilding competitions in 1951. Hobman wrestled throughout the world during his career, most often in Asia and the South Pacific, but also had successful stints in the United States, most notably, against then NWA World Heavyweight Champion Gene Kiniski in 1969. He was a successful promoter both prior to and during his later career, mainly working with Da Silva's Central Wrestling Association, and trained a number of wrestlers with Bruno Bekkar at the famed Koolmans Gym including Jock Ruddock and Butch Miller; two of his four children, Kurt and <mask>, both became wrestlers as well with the elder Hobman staging the country's first officially sanctioned women's wrestling match between his daughter and Dutch female wrestler Monica Schumaker.He was among several New Zealand wrestling legends involved with Kiwi Pro Wrestling, one of the first wrestling promotions to open since the close of All Star-Pro Wrestling in 1992, and inducted into KPW's New Zealand Wrestling Hall of Fame in 2006. He also attended live events made other public appearances until his sudden death two years later. In 2009, less than a year after his death, Hobman was ranked No. 5 in a

masks:
Allan "
Al
" Hobman
Linda Hobman


type: original

texts:
 top ten list of New Zealand's greatest wrestlers by Fight Times Magazine. Career

Early athletic and wrestling career
A lifelong resident of Wellington, <mask> was active in sports and athletics at a young age and began playing rugby union at Rongotai College as a lock for the Oriental Rongotai. Hobman weighed around 75 kg at this time and suffered constant injuries going up against 100 – 130 kg sized opponents. He was soon introduced to weightlifting by a friend of his and, with nutrition and training regimen, gradually built up his body-weight to around 110 kg.In addition to improving his performance in rugby, Hobman also took up competitive bodybuilding and won both Mr. Australasia and Mr. New Zealand titles in 1951. Hobman spent much of his training at Koolman's Gym in Wellington where he also acted as a sparring partner to boxers and wrestlers from both New Zealand and overseas. It was during this time that Hobman became interested in a professional career as a wrestler, which he described as being claimed by its "call", and was wrestling for promoters throughout the country by the late-1950s. His debut match against Australian wrestler Rick Wallace ended with his losing two falls to one in the Wellington Town Hall. Wrestling for the New Zealand Wrestling Union, he soon became a familiar face to New Zealand wrestling fans wrestling in nearly every town and city "from Kaitaia to Invercargill". Hobman was soon invited to his first overseas tour for Greek promoter George Gardiner in Australia followed by visits to the United States, Canada and the South Pacific; specifically the Cook Islands, Tahiti, Fiji, Malaysia and Singapore. He was also brought over to Japan by Canadian and Commonwealth Champion, Gordon Nelson.Headliner during the 1960s and 70s
<mask> was not only as a formidable journeyman wrestler but was also a top draw in his native country with bouts at the Wellington Town Hall against The Great Zorro, Tony "The Greek"

masks:
Allan Hobman
Hobman


texts:
 Kontellis, John Da Silva, Pat O'Connor and Bruno Bekkar among others. One of his bouts against Becker in New Plymouth featured Lofty Blomfield as special guest referee. The proceeds from this match were donated to the Intellectually Handicapped Children's Society of which Blomfield was president. On 26 October 1960, <mask> defeated Da Silva for the vacant NWA New Zealand Heavyweight Championship. He won the title a second time from Steve Rickard in 1964 and held the belt for three years before losing it to Da Silva in Wellington on 7 September 1967; his combined title reigns totalled nearly six years. He and Rickard also became the first New Zealand Tag Team Champions. On 22 April 1969, Hobman wrestled Gene Kiniski for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship in Portland, Oregon.Much of his early career was spent in Rickard's NWA-affiliated All Star-Pro Wrestling, however, he also competed for smaller promotions such as South Pacific Wrestling Association and John Da Silva's Central Wrestling Association. Towards the end of the decade, he became a promoter for the CWA as well and trained a number of wrestlers out of Koolmans Gym with Bruno Bekkar and George Kidd. Among his students were Jock Ruddock and Butch Miller. Two of his four children, Kurt and <mask>, also became professional wrestlers with <mask> promoting the first-ever women's wrestling match between his daughter, wrestling under the name Linda Tyson, and daughter Dutch professional wrestler Willen Schumaker, Monica Schumaker. Prior to 1973, female wrestling was illegal in New Zealand. He also made appearances on the popular television programme On the Mat. Retirement and later years
Retiring by the 1980s, he remained absent from the industry for a quarter of a century until the opening of Kiwi Pro Wrestling in May 2006.It was one of the first promotions to open since the close of All Star-Pro Wrestling in 1992, one of three major companies to emerge during the 2000s, with

masks:
Hobman
Linda Hobman
Al Hobman


texts:
 Hobman as one of its strongest supporters. He appeared at many of its live events and was one of several New Zealand wrestling legends to be interviewed by KiwiProWrestling.co.nz. Hobman was also inducted into the New Zealand Wrestling Hall of Fame by former student and KPW Commissioner Butch Miller on 8 December 2006, along with Bob Crozier, Bruno Bekkar and Rip Morgan. He and other veterans also worked with KPW's younger wrestlers and remained closely associated with the promotion until dying unexpectedly at his home on 21 September 2008. A month after his death, <mask>, Steve Rickard, Bruno Bekkar, Juno Huia, Cowboy Billy Wright, Ricky Wallace and Bob Crozier appeared at the KPW supercard "Halloween Howl 3" held in Wellington High School to pay tribute to Hobman's death; the main event between KPW Champion H-Fame and Inferno was dedicated to Hobman's memory. In a statement from KPW's website, Off the Ropes play by play announcer Blair "The Flair" Rhodes wrote "Mr. <mask> was renowned not only as an exemplary sportsman in the ring, but was also remembered amongst all his peers as a gentleman outside the ring. Being such a man of real character and bearing, Mr Hobman was a true ambassador for the business of professional wrestling".Five months later, he was ranked No. 5 in a top ten list of New Zealand's greatest wrestlers by Fight Times Magazine. Championships and accomplishments

Bodybuilding
Mr. Australasia (1951)
Mr. New Zealand (1951)

Professional wrestling
Kiwi Pro Wrestling
New Zealand Wrestling Hall of Fame (Class of 2006)
NWA New Zealand
NWA New Zealand Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
NWA New Zealand Tag Team Championship (1 time, first) – with Steve Rickard

References

External links
<mask> at Genickbruch.com

1925 births
2008 deaths
New Zealand male professional wrestlers
New Zealand rugby union players
Professional bodybuilders
People from Wellington City
People educated at Rongotai College
Stampede Wrestling

masks:
Kurt Hobman
Hobman
Al Hobman


texts:
Guillermo C. "<mask><mask> (born 10 July 1978) is a former American football placekicker in the National Football League for the Arizona Cardinals and Miami Dolphins. He also was a member of the Tampa Bay Storm in the Arena Football League. He was drafted by the Arizona Cardinals in the fourth round of the 2001 NFL Draft. He played college football at the University of South Florida. <mask> is perhaps best known for tearing a knee ligament in a celebratory leap in 2001. Early years
<mask> was born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, to Laura and <mask>. <mask> is the younger brother to fellow placekicker <mask> and older brother to <mask>.Laura and <mask> decided to move their family from Argentina to LaBelle, Florida, in 1983. <mask> graduated from LaBelle High School, as did his two brothers. As a senior in 1995, he made 15-of-20 field goals and 44-of-45 extra points, tying a school record with a 52-yard field goal. He received first-team Class 3A All-State and honorable-mention USA Today All-American honors. College career
<mask> accepted a football scholarship from Florida State University. He was redshirted, while senior Scott Bentley finished his college eligibility. As a redshirt freshman in 1997, he competed with true freshman Sebastian Janikowski for the stating placekicker job.He began the first 4 games of the season as the starter, showing inconsistency by making 2-of-4 (50%) on field goals and 10-of-12 (83%) on extra points. He was passed on the depth chart by Janikowski, asked head coach Bobby Bowden to be released from his scholarship and left school. On October 7, 1997, he announced that he was transferring to Division I-AA University of South Florida. As a sophomore in 1998, he set school records with 16-of-24 field goals made (66%), 46-of-47 extra points

masks:
Bill
" Gramática
Gramática
Gramática
William Gramática
Bill
Martin Gramática
Santiago Gramática
William Gramática
Bill
Gramática


texts:
 made (97%) and 94 scored points. He received second-team Division I-AA All-American honors. As a junior in 1999, he was limited with a groin injury and posted 4-of-5 field goals (80%). Tony Umholz replaced him in the games he missed.As a senior in 2000, he made 16-of-24 field goal attempts (66.7%), 29-of-30 extra points (96.7%), 77 scored points and 6 punts with a 33.7-yard average. In the season finale against Austin Peay State University, he set a school record and tied a Division I-AA record with a 63-yard field goal. In 2001, after his graduation, he was replaced with his younger brother Santiago, who became a four-year starter and made 38 field goals. Gramática finished his college career after setting most of the kicking records at the University of South Florida, among them, 36 career field goals, 67.9% career field goal accuracy, 85 career extra points, 193 career points, longest field goal (63 yards), 8 consecutive field goals made and 45 consecutive extra points made. On July 22, 2016, he was named to the school's all-time team. Professional career

Arizona Cardinals
<mask> was selected by the Arizona Cardinals in the fourth round (98th overall) of the 2001 NFL Draft. As a rookie, he passed Cary Blanchard on the depth chart and his NFL career began with promising results.On December 15, in the thirteenth game against the New York Giants, he injured himself, after jumping up in celebration of a 42-yard made field goal and tearing his right ACL upon landing. Even though he was seriously injured, he still kicked one field goal and 2 extra points, while Pat Tillman did the kickoffs. On December 18, he was placed on the injured reserve list. He was replaced with Cedric Oglesby. He finished the season with 16-of-20 field goals (80%) and 25-of-25 extra points


texts:
 (100%). He made 4 field goals in one game against the Oakland Raiders. He set a franchise rookie record with 73 points scored.In 2002, he regained his starting job, registering 15-of-21 field goals (71.4%) and 29-of-29 extra points (100%). In 2003, he made 3-of-4 field goals (75%) and 6-of-6 extra points (100%). On November 19, he was placed on the injured reserve list with a back injury. He was replaced with Tim Duncan. He was not re-signed after the season. New York Giants
On May 14, 2004, he was signed as a free agent by the New York Giants, to compete for the starting job against Matt Bryant. He was passed on the depth chart by Steve Christie and was released on August 31.Miami Dolphins
On November 6, 2004, he was signed as a free agent by the Miami Dolphins, to replace an injured Olindo Mare. He played in one game and was cut from the team on November 10, after making 3-of-3 field goals, but also missing his first career extra point kick, which came in a one-point loss (23-24) against his former team the Arizona Cardinals. <mask> finished his professional career posting 37-of-48 field goals (77.1%) and 60-of-61 extra point (98.4%) attempts. Tampa Bay Storm (AFL)
On October 19, 2005, he was signed by the Tampa Bay Storm of the Arena Football League, after being out of football. In 2006, he made 12-of-30 field goal attempts (seventh in the league) and 94-of-108 extra points attempts (eight in the league). He was waived on March 6, 2007. Personal life
During his time with the New Orleans Saints, <mask> witnessed the devastation Hurricane Katrina left and wanted to give back once his career came to an end.Together, Martin and <mask> searched for a product to build houses out of that could withstand the forces of a hurricane; joined by former USF kicker <mask>,

masks:
Gramática
Martin Gramática
Bill
Santiago Gramática


texts:
 the <mask> family founded SIPS International in 2009, providing a full line of services involving Structural Insulated Panel Systems (SIPS). Such panels provide an environmentally friendly protection against extreme weather conditions like hurricanes, earthquakes, and other hazardous weather. The family has built resistant, affordable houses in cities like New Orleans and Tampa, along with countries like Israel, Argentina, and Haiti. "It's really been rewarding to help out," <mask> stated in an article for AZCentral.com. "We're doing our best to find people to donate one building, one school, one village. There is no better feeling than knowing you've made a positive impact in someone's life. It is our responsibility and privilege to help provide a safer, more energy efficient product that will reduce the cost of ownership."While in the Tampa Bay area, the Gramática brothers saw the need to support deserving members of their community, especially combat wounded veterans. Through partnerships with other organizations, they raise awareness and support bay area veterans returning from combat duty that may face health and financial challenges. In order to assist a greater number of worthy local residents, the Gramáticas have founded the Gramática Family Foundation; a non-profit whose mission is to provide energy efficient housing initiatives and development assistance to disabled military veterans, the underprivileged, and the ailing. References

1978 births
Living people
Argentine players of American football
American football placekickers
South Florida Bulls football players
Arizona Cardinals players
Sportspeople from Buenos Aires
Argentine emigrants to the United States
People from Hendry County, Florida
Players of American football from Florida
LaBelle High School

masks: Gramática Bill


texts:
<mask> (June 21, 1862 in Querfurt – February 2, 1941 in Querfurt) was a German playwright, author, and translator and an important exponent of Naturalism. As a translator he was important for exposing the German-speaking world to the works of Walt Whitman, Émile Verhaeren and Émile Zola and is known as a founder of the "Whitman Cult" in Germany. His literary achievements lie foremost in the scenic-dialogue innovations of "sequential naturalism" and in the formalization of literary impressionism. He also contributed to the emergence of the "intimate theater." Some of his poems have been set to music by composers Alban Berg and Arnold Schoenberg. He is sometimes mistakenly cited for coining the term "The Third Reich" in relation to Nazism because of his 1906 novel by that name. The Nazi use of the term comes from a 1923 book Das Dritte Reich by Arthur Moeller van den Bruck.Childhood
Schlaf was the son of a commercial clerk in Querfurt, a town in Saxony-Anhalt. Because his family lived in cramped quarters, he lived temporarily with his grandparents. His Grandmother, an educated woman, supported him in his passion for art and literature at an early age. In an autobiographical sketch from 1902, Schlaf claimed to have written verses and puppet shows at the age of 12 and short stories while an adolescent. He also showed a talent for drawing. In 1875, <mask>'s father took a job in a construction business in the emerging industrialism of nearby Magdeburg. Schlaf returned to his family where his father enforced a strict regime, and where Schalf felt more fear than affection.Education
From 1875 to 1884 Schlaf attended the cathedral school in Magdeburg, joining a student club, "Covenant of the Living" in 1882. With this club he encountered recent writings in the fields of philosophy, science, and literature. In 1884 he graduated and went to study in Halle, the largest city in Saxony-Anhalt. His program of study was theology, German,

masks:
Johannes Schlaf
Schlaf


texts:
 classicism, and philosophy, but he was more engaged in connecting with other students than his studies. His earliest publications date from his time in Halle. He moved to study in Berlin 1885 and in 1886 joined the literary group Durch of young naturalist writers including Gerhart Hauptmann, Arno Holz, and William Bölsche. Throughout his studies he felt torn between his studies and the urge to devote himself entirely to writing.
.
During this time <mask> developed a friendship with Arno Holz and around 1887 he agreed to an offer from Holz to share a vacant summer home of a friend from Niederschoenhausen and from there work on his writing.It was then he broke off his formal studies. Early work with Arno Holz
Schlaf and Holz presented their first joint work, the anthology, "New Tracks" in 1892. In it the term "Sequential Naturalism" (Konsequenter Naturalismus) made its first appearance. The anthology consisted of three parts, each with its own preface. The middle part had been published in 1889 under the pseudonym Bjarne B. Holmsen. It contained the short story "Papa Hamlet." The third part of the anthology, the drama "The Family Selicke" had been published in 1890.In Sequential Naturalism, one encounters a moment-to-moment description of events without a governing overarching narrative or perceiver. The style is also called the "Sekundenstil" or second-by-second style. In Papa Hamlet, the story is told almost entirely in dialogue, much of it in dialect. There is almost no intervention by the narrator. Dialogue contains contradictions, grammatical inaccuracies, dialect, other elements of a "realist" atmosphere. The works in the story center on broken families, alcoholism, financial hardship, and sickness. The observance of unity of place and time in the narrative give the works an oppressive atmosphere.The Family Selicke found little success at first when it was first staged in April, 1890. It did have its defenders,


texts:
 however. Holz and <mask> felt increasing alienation through the 1890s, with early tensions over artistic notions exacerbated by public debate over the relative contributions and merit of both writers. The dispute reached its climate between 1905 and 1906. Today, <mask>'s esteem pales in comparison to Holz's – a situation convenient given <mask>'s support of the Nazis in the 1930s (Holz died in 1928 before the Nazi rise to power). At the turn of the century
In 1893 <mask> suffered from a nervous breakdown and was admitted to Charité, a Berlin hospital. He sustained several visits to the hospital by 1897 and later described his illness as a nervous disorder and depression.Holz used these experiences to discredit his former friend and wrote about his paranoia. In Schalf's novels published after 1900 one can find representations of schizophrenic and psychotic behavior. He also started to investigate the occult and cosmology. <mask> published his first independent drama, "Meister Oelze" in 1892, which received its Berlin premiere on February 2, 1894. The play was widely successful. It shows many of the features found in "New Tracks," but also a focus on internal psychological processes. He produced several other dramas through the 1890s, with his last published play, "Weigand" appearing in 1906.Between 1900 and 1914 Schlaf wrote ten novels. His works show the influence of his readings of Whitman and Ernst Haeckel as well as traces of turn of the century decadence. In 1904, Schlaf moved to Weimar. During the Weimar Republic
Germany's defeat in the First World War was a great blow to national pride, but they did not significantly alter the ideas developed by Schlaf. Like other authors of the period, he threw himself into his literary work – devoting himself to philosophical and cosmological speculation. During the war he had developed ideas connecting war with evolutionary selection as well as patriotic ideas of German cultural

masks: Schlaf Schlaf Schlaf Schlaf Schlaf


texts:
 hegemony. During this time there developed a contradiction between the relative lack of success of his recent writings and the growth of his public recognition.Especially during birthdays, Schlaf was celebrated in public ceremonies, commemorated in the naming of streets, the foundation of a "Society of the Friends of Johannes Schlaf" and the construction of a museum. During the Third Reich
In the 1930s Schalf confessed to the creed of National Socialism. Before the First World War, <mask>'s naturalism extended into racial aspects, but the vague concept of a Germanic race could apply to virtually every European nation. After the war, <mask>'s notions of biological evolution extended to the superiority of the German people. After the Nazi takeover in May 1933, <mask> was appointed to the "cleaned" Prussian Academy of Arts.. In October of that year, <mask> was among the 88 writers who signed the "vow of most faithful allegiance." He aligned with the Nazis to his death.<mask> returned to Querfurt in 1937. His late writings focused on the Geocentric model and cosmological speculation and remain mostly unpublished. He continued to be honored by numerous awards in his late age, especially for his early works as a naturalist writer. He died at age 78, and high representatives from the National Socialist government attended his funeral. His papers are held by the State Library in Dortmund. Selected works
 Detlev von Liliencron
 Papa Hamlet, with Arno Holz, 1889 (originally published under the pseudonym Bjarne P. Holmsen)
 Die Familie Selicke, Drama, with Arno Holz, 1890
 In Dingsda, Prose verse, 1892
 Meister Oelze, Drama, 1892
 Gertrud, Drama, 1898
 Die Feindlichen, Drama, 1898
 Stille Welten. Neue Stimmungen aus Dingsda, 1899
 Der Bann, Drama, 1900
 Das dritte Reich, Novel, 1900
 Die Suchenden, Novel, 1902
 Peter Boites Freite, Roman, 1903
 Der Kleine, Roman, 1904
 Weigand, Drama, 1906
 Kritik der Taineschen Kunsttheorie, 1906


texts:
 Der Prinz, Roman, 1908
 Am toten Punkt, Roman, 1909
 Aufstieg, Roman, 1911
 Religion und Kosmos, 1911
 Mieze.Der Roman eines freien Weibes, Roman, 1912
 Das Recht der Jugend, Erzählung, 1913
 Tantchen Mohnhaupt und Anderes. Dingsda-Geschichten, 1913
 Professor Plassmann und das Sonnenfleckenphänomen. Weiteres zur geozentrischen Feststellung, 1914
 Auffallende Unstichhaltigkeit des fachmännischen Einwandes. Zur geozentrischen Feststellung, 1914
 Mutter Lise, Roman, 1917
 Zwei Erzählungen, 1918
 [https://archive.org/details/geozentrischesWeltbild/DasGeozentrischeWeltbild1919/mode/2up Die Erde – nicht die Sonne. Das geozentrische Weltbild], 1919
 Gedichte in Prosa, 1920
 Miele. Ein Charakterbild, 1920
 Die Greisin. Vorfrühling, Stories, 1921
 Die Wandlung, Novel, 1922
 Das Gottlied, 1922
 Seele, 1922
 Ein Wildgatter schlag' ich hinter mir zu … Vaterländisches aus Dingsda, 1922
 Radium, Stories, 1922
 Die Wandlung, Stories, 1922
 Der Weihnachtswunsch und anderes.Neue Erzählungen aus Dingsda, 1924
 Deutschland, 1925
 Die Nacht der Planeten, 1925
 Die andere Dimension, Stories, 1926
 Die Mutter, Poems, 1927
 Das Spiel der hohen Linien, Poems, 1927
 Kosmos und kosmischer Umlauf. Die geozentrische Lösung des kosmischen Problems, 1927
 Die Sonnenvorgänge, 1930
 Neues aus Dingsda, 1933
 Zur Aprioritätenlehre Kants, 1934
 Vom höchsten Wesen, 1935
 Ein wichtigstes astronomisches Problem und seine Lösung, 1937
 Aus meinem Leben. Erinnerungen, 1941

Bibliography (in English)
 Raleigh Whitinger: <mask>af and German naturalist drama. Columbia: Camden House 1997. (= Studies in German literature, linguistics, and culture)
 Frisch, Walter, "German Modernism" (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004) pp 39–43. External links

1862 births
1941 deaths
Prussian Academy of Arts faculty
German male dramatists and playwrights
19th-century German dramatists and playwrights
19th-century German male writers
20th-century German dramatists


texts:
<mask> (May 22, 1927 – April 5, 2014) was an American novelist, naturalist, wilderness writer, zen teacher and CIA officer. A co-founder of the literary magazine The Paris Review, he was the only writer to have won the National Book Award in both nonfiction (The Snow Leopard, 1979, category Contemporary Thought) and fiction (Shadow Country, 2008). He was also a prominent environmental activist. <mask>'s nonfiction featured nature and travel, notably The Snow Leopard (1978) and American Indian issues and history, such as a detailed and controversial study of the Leonard Peltier case, In the Spirit of Crazy Horse (1983). His fiction was adapted for film: the early story "Travelin' Man" was made into The Young One (1960) by Luis Buñuel and the novel At Play in the Fields of the Lord (1965) into the 1991 film of the same name. In 2008, at age 81, Matthiessen received the National Book Award for Fiction for Shadow Country, a one-volume, 890-page revision of his three novels set in frontier Florida that had been published in the 1990s. According to critic Michael Dirda, "No one writes more lyrically [than Matthiessen] about animals or describes more movingly the spiritual experience of mountaintops, savannas, and the sea."<mask> was treated for acute leukemia for more than a year. He died on April 5, 2014, three days before publication of his final book, the novel In Paradise on April 8. Early life
<mask> was born in New York City to Erard Adolph <mask> (1902–2000) and Elizabeth (née Carey). Erard, an architect, joined the Navy during World War II and helped design gunnery training devices. Later, he gave up architecture to become a spokesman and fund-raiser for the Audubon Society and the Nature Conservancy. The well-to-do family lived in both New York City and Connecticut where, along with his brother, Matthiessen developed a love of animals that influenced his future work as a wildlife

masks:
Peter Matthiessen
Matthiessen
Matthiessen
Matthiessen
Matthiessen


texts:
 writer and naturalist. He attended St. Bernard's School, the Hotchkiss School, and — after briefly serving in the U.S. Navy (1945–47) –  Yale University (B.A., 1950), with his junior year spent at the Sorbonne.At Yale, he majored in English, published short stories (one of which won the prestigious Atlantic Prize), and studied zoology. Paris Review and CIA
Marrying and resolving to undertake a writer's career, he soon moved back to Paris, where he associated with other expatriate American writers such as William Styron, James Baldwin and Irwin Shaw. There, in 1953, he became one of the founders, along with Harold L. Humes, Thomas Guinzburg, Donald Hall, and George Plimpton, of the literary magazine The Paris Review. As revealed in a 2006 film, he was working for the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) at the time, using the Review as his cover. In a 2008 interview with Charlie Rose, <mask> stated that he "invented The Paris Review as cover" for his CIA activities. He completed his novel Partisans while employed by the CIA. He returned to the U.S. in 1954, leaving Plimpton (a childhood friend) in charge of the Review.Matthiessen divorced in 1956 and began traveling extensively. Writings
In 1959, Matthiessen published the first edition of Wildlife in America, a history of the extinction and endangerment of animal and bird species as a consequence of human settlement, throughout North American history, and of the human effort to protect endangered species. In 1965, Matthiessen published At Play in the Fields of the Lord, a novel about a group of American missionaries and their encounter with a South American indigenous tribe. The book was adapted into the film of the same name in 1991. In 1968, he signed the "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War. His work on oceanographic research, Blue Meridian, with photographer


texts:
 <mask>. Lake, documented the making of the film Blue Water, White Death (1971), directed by <mask> and Jim Lipscomb.Late in 1973, Matthiessen joined field biologist George Schaller on an expedition in the Himalaya Mountains, which was the basis for The Snow Leopard (1978), his double award-winner. Interested in the Wounded Knee Incident and the 1976 trial and conviction of Leonard Peltier, an American Indian Movement activist, Matthiessen wrote a non-fiction account, In the Spirit of Crazy Horse (1983). In 2008, Matthiessen revisited his trilogy of Florida novels published during the 1990s: Killing Mr. Watson (1990), Lost Man's River (1997) and Bone by Bone (1999), inspired by the frontier years of South Florida and the death of planter Edgar J. Watson shortly after the Southwest Florida Hurricane of 1910. He revised and edited the three books, which had originated as one 1,500-page manuscript, which eventually yielded the award-winning single-volume Shadow Country. While Matthiessen is celebrated for his mastery of both fiction and non-fiction, he always considered himself first and foremost a writer of novels, saying, "Like anything that one makes well with one's own hands, writing good nonfiction prose can be profoundly satisfying. Yet after a day of arranging my research, my set of facts, I feel stale and drained, whereas I am energized by fiction. Deep in a novel, one scarcely knows what may surface next, let alone where it comes from.In abandoning oneself to the free creation of something never beheld on earth, one feels almost delirious with a strange joy." Crazy Horse lawsuits
Shortly after the 1983 publication of In the Spirit of Crazy Horse, <mask> and his publisher Viking Penguin were sued for libel by David Price, a Federal Bureau of Investigation agent, and William J. Janklow, the former South Dakota governor. The plaintiffs sought over $49 million in damages; Janklow also

masks:
Peter A
Peter Gimbel
Matthiessen


texts:
 sued to have all copies of the book withdrawn from bookstores. After four years of litigation, Federal District Court Judge Diana E. Murphy dismissed Price's lawsuit, upholding <mask>'s "freedom to develop a thesis, conduct research in an effort to support the thesis, and to publish an entirely one-sided view of people and events." In the Janklow case, a South Dakota court also ruled for Matthiessen. Both cases were appealed. In 1990, the Supreme Court refused to hear Price's arguments, effectively ending his appeal.The South Dakota Supreme Court dismissed Janklow's case the same year. With the lawsuits concluded, the paperback edition of the book was finally published in 1992. Personal life
After graduating from Yale in 1950, Matthiessen became engaged to Patsy Southgate, a Smith graduate whose father had been the chief of protocol in Roosevelt's White House. <mask> and Southgate had two children together. They divorced in 1956. In 1963 he married the writer Deborah Love. In his book The Snow Leopard, Matthiessen reported having had a somewhat tempestuous on-again off-again relationship with his wife Deborah, culminating in a deep commitment to each other made shortly before she was diagnosed with cancer.<mask> and Deborah practiced Zen Buddhism. She died in New York City in January 1972. In September of the following year came the field trip to Himalayan Nepal. <mask> later became a Buddhist priest of the White Plum Asanga. He gave dharma transmission to three students: Sensei Madeline Ko-I Bastis, Sensei Michel Engu Dobbs, and Sensei Dorothy Dai-En Friedman. Before practicing Zen, <mask> was an early pioneer of LSD. He said his Buddhism evolved fairly naturally from his drug experiences.He argued that it was unfortunate that LSD had become outlawed over time, given its potentially beneficial effects as a spiritual and therapeutic tool (when administered with the right care and

masks: Matthiessen Matthiessen Matthiessen Matthiessen Matthiessen


texts:
 attention) and was critical of a figure such as Timothy Leary in terms of the long-term reputation of the drug. In 1980, Matthiessen married Maria Eckhart, born in Tanzania, in a Zen ceremony on Long Island, New York. They lived in Sagaponack, New York. Eckhart is the mother of Serial host and Executive Producer Sarah Koenig, who was 10 or 11 years old at the time of the marriage. In 1989, Matthiessen published an autobiographical essay wherein he traced his ancestry to North Frisian shipmaster and whaling captain <mask> (1632–1706). Illness and death

Matthiessen was diagnosed with leukemia in late 2012. He died at his home in Sagaponack on April 5, 2014, aged 86.Awards
 1979 National Book Award, Contemporary Thought, for The Snow Leopard
 1980 National Book Award, General Non-Fiction (paperback), for The Snow Leopard
 1991 Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement
 1993 Helmerich Award, the Peggy V. Helmerich Distinguished Author Award is presented annually by the Tulsa Library Trust. 1995–97, designated the State Author of New York
 2000 6th annual Heinz Award in the Arts and Humanities
 2008 National Book Award, Fiction, for Shadow Country
 2010 Spiros Vergos Prize for Freedom of Expression
 2010 William Dean Howells Medal, for Shadow Country

Works

Fiction
 Race Rock (1954)
 Partisans (1955)
 Raditzer (1961)
 At Play in the Fields of the Lord (1965)
 Far Tortuga (1975)
 On the River Styx and Other Stories (1989)
 The Watson trilogy
 Killing Mister Watson (1990)
 Lost Man's River (1997)
 Bone by Bone (1999)
 Shadow Country: a new rendering of the Watson legend (2008)
 In Paradise (2014)

Nonfiction
Wildlife in America (1959)
The Cloud Forest: A Chronicle of the South American Wilderness (1961)
Under the Mountain Wall: A Chronicle of Two Seasons in the Stone Age (1962)
"The Atlantic Coast", a chapter in The American Heritage Book of Natural Wonders (1963)
The


texts:
 Shorebirds of North America (1967)
 Oomingmak (1967)
Sal Si Puedes: Cesar Chavez and the New American Revolution (1969)
Blue Meridian: The Search for the Great White Shark (1971). The Tree Where Man Was Born (1972)
The Snow Leopard (1978)
 Sand Rivers, with photographer Hugo van Lawick. Aurum Press, London 1981, . In the Spirit of Crazy Horse (1983) . Indian Country (1984). Nine-headed Dragon River: Zen Journals 1969–1982 (1986).Men's Lives: The Surfmen and Baymen of the South Fork (1986). African Silences (1991). Baikal: Sacred Sea of Siberia (1992). East of Lo Monthang: In the Land of Mustang (1995). The <mask>en Reader: Nonfiction, 1959–1961 (2000). Tigers in the Snow (2000). The Birds of Heaven: Travels With Cranes (2001).End of the Earth: Voyage to Antarctica (2003). Notes

References

External links

<mask> interviewed on Conversations from Penn State
The film Time Passes, a portrait on <mask>en by Pat van Boeckel (ReRun Productions), was broadcast in the Netherlands by the Buddhist Broadcasting Foundation in 2011. (Part 2 and 3 can be viewed at the same website.) 1927 births
2014 deaths
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
American environmentalists
American magazine founders
American male novelists
American nature writers
American tax resisters
American travel writers
American Zen Buddhists
Zen Buddhism writers
James Fenimore Cooper Prize winners
John Burroughs Medal recipients
Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters
National Book Award winners
The Paris Review
White Plum Asanga
Writers from New York City
Hotchkiss School alumni
Yale University alumni
Zen Buddhist priests
Deaths from leukemia
Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
People from Sagaponack, New York
St. Bernard's School alumni
Novelists from New York (state)
American male non-fiction

masks:
Peter Matthiess
Peter Matthiessen
Peter Matthiess


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<mask> (1917–1962) was a Welsh welterweight and middleweight boxer. <mask> was Wales welterweight champion from 1938 until he relinquished the belt with the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939. <mask> decision to join the Merchant Navy in 1939 resulted in him engaging in no professional bouts until he left the service in 1946. On his return to professional boxing after the war, <mask> switched to middleweight and made one unsuccessful attempt at the Welsh title. His boxing career lasted from 1935 to 1949. He was predicted to be a World Middleweight Champion before the war. Career history
<mask> was born in Cardiff in 1917 and was one of eleven children.He grew up in Nora Street in the district of Splott. <mask> took to boxing as a youth, winning three British school titles. He turned professional in 1935, after he controversially lost the Welsh Amateur Boxing Association final on points to local rival, Albert Barnes. <mask> was an elusive fighter with a good left punch and strong defensive skills. Of his 27 winning fights only one failed to go the full distance, showing an inability to finish opponents through heavy punching. Welterweight
<mask> took Fred Yates as his manager and trained under Ernie Hurford. His first recorded professional fight was against Douglas Lewis on 10 August 1935 at the Labour Stadium in Merthyr.The six round fight went the full distance with the referee giving the decision to Lewis. He fought at least another three times in 1935, winning all three on points. <mask> continued his winning streak into 1936, with victories over Eddie Cullen of Ynysddu and Tommy Davies of Tylorstown, both held at the Market Hall in Caerphilly. His win over Davies was the first of four known fights he undertook in May 1936, all wins. He continued his punishing schedule with another four contests in August, with only a draw against Norman Rees of Abercwmboi spoiling a perfect start to the year. <mask> finished the year with wins over Joe Thomas and Percy Enoch, before recording a draw with Les Greenaway at the King's Theatre in Cardiff. To

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Johnny Houlston
Houlston
Houlston
Houlston
Houlston
Houlston
Houlston
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Houlston


texts: this point <mask> has conducted all his fights in south Wales, and all against local fighters, working his way through the available Welsh welterweights.He continued this strategy through 1937, with three wins and a draw. With twenty bouts behind him, and just one loss in his opening fight, <mask> was placing himself into contention for a shot at the Wales Welterweight Championship title. A win over Curly Edwards at Pillgwelly Social Club in Newport in March 1938 set up a title eliminator with Mog Gwilliam of Pencoed. The fifteen round bout was scheduled for 3 May at the Mannesman Hall in Swansea. Gwilliam was the more experienced fighter, but came into the fight with two losses in the last three months. The fight went the full distance and the referee gave the decision to <mask>, setting up a challenge for the Wales welterweight title, held by Jack Moody of Pontypridd. Before he faced Moody, <mask> was on the card to face newly crowned Irish Welterweight champion Paddy Roche at Somerton Park in Newport.3,500 spectators turned out to watch the match, which resulted in a win for <mask> on points. <mask> and Moody met on 25 July at the Pill Athletic Ground in Newport. Again <mask> took his opponent the full distance and again he was awarded the points decision, making him the Wales Weltereight Champion. With the Welsh title came greater recognition and <mask> was now in demand by promoters in England. In August he beat <mask> in Liverpool and followed this with a win over Jack Morgan in Newport. <mask> then lost to George Odwell in Gloucester, the match being stopped in the eighth by the referee. <mask> recovered from this loss with a draw and then a winning rematch encounter with Southern area champion Norman Snow.He then finished the year with a loss to Harry Craster at Earls Court in London. <mask> has just one recorded fight in 1939, a points loss to Lefty Satan Flynn. With the outbreak of the Second World War, <mask> relinquished his Welsh title and joined the war effort. If he had joined the Army or Navy his boxing career would have probably

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Houlston
Houlston
Houlston
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Johnny Lafferty
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 continued, as the forces organised their own boxing clubs. Instead <mask> followed his brother into the Merchant Navy and was unable to fight in organised bouts. This led to seven years without a professional fight and during this period also developed a drink problem. Middleweight
On his return to the sport in 1946, <mask> was now fighting at middleweight.He lost his first encounter to Tommy Jones of Derby, but then beat Tommy Davies, the Wales middleweight champion in a non-title encounter. He finished the year losing to future British Light-heavyweight Champion, Alex Buxton. Having shown that he had the ability to stop the Welsh champion Davies, <mask> set his sights on winning a second Wales title. In 1947 he beat both Norman Jones and Des Jones in title eliminater contests to set up a return meeting with Davies, this time for the middleweight belt. Before facing Davies, Houlsten fought <mask>, the result was a draw. On 12 January 1948, <mask> and Davies met at the Glyn Hall in Neath. The 15 round bout went the distance and the decision went with the champion, Davies.<mask> continued to chase the middleweight title, and beat Koffi Kiteman just two weeks later, but after being knocked-out by Des Jones in a middleweight title eliminator his dreams of a second belt appeared slight. After suffering a technical knockout defeat to Alby Hollister in West Ham on 15 February 1949, <mask> decided to retire from boxing. Later life
<mask> returned to Cardiff, living in the same district he grew up in. He was a regular at the Clifton, a public house on the corner of Clifton Street and Broadway. He was known to entertain drinkers by inviting them to hit him in the head while he remained stood on a handkerchief to show his dodging skills. He worked at the Llanwern steelworks in Newport, and in 1962 he collapsed and died at work from a heart attack. He was 45.References

Bibliography

External links

Welsh male boxers
Middleweight boxers
Welterweight boxers
1917 births
1962 deaths
Boxers from Cardiff
British Merchant Navy personnel of World War II
People from

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Houlston
Houlston
Houlston
Johnny Williams
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<mask> (nicknamed Vargy; born February 2, 1983) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Florida Marlins, Seattle Mariners, Los Angeles Angels, Kansas City Royals, New York Mets and Philadelphia Phillies. The Marlins drafted <mask> in the second round of the 2004 MLB draft. He made his major league debut in 2005. In 2017, he was an All Star and tied for the American League lead in wins. Amateur career

<mask> was born in Apple Valley, California. He attended Victor Valley High School in Victorville, California, where he played for the school's baseball team under his father, who was head coach.His father retired in 1998, and <mask> transferred to Apple Valley High School in Apple Valley. <mask> graduated in 2001. The Minnesota Twins drafted him with the 1,273rd pick in the 2001 Major League Baseball draft. He declined to sign with Minnesota, and instead enrolled at Louisiana State University (LSU) to play college baseball for the LSU Tigers. As a freshman at LSU, <mask> had a 1–1 win-loss record with a 3.43 earned run average in 13 games. He also saw occasional playing time as a first baseman and designated hitter. In his first college at bat, he launched a pinch hit grand slam to lift the Tigers to a victory over Mercer.<mask> decided to transfer out of LSU after the 2002 season to Cypress College for the  season, picking a junior college so he would still be eligible for the draft. He was 11–3 with a 3.10 ERA and 101 strikeouts in 107.1 innings as he batted .374. He was the Southern California junior college player of the year for his work on the mound and at the plate. However, as the season wore on, his arm slot dropped, and his velocity fell into the mid-80s. That, combined with <mask>' signing bonus demands, depressed his draft stock, so he

masks:
Jason Matthew Vargas
Vargas
Vargas
Vargas
Vargas
Vargas
Vargas
Vargas


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 went undrafted. <mask> transferred to California State University, Long Beach to play for the Long Beach State 49ers for his junior year. At Long Beach, he learned to keep his top half aligned with his lower half over the rubber and not drift toward the plate as he twisted through his delivery.The tweak allowed <mask> to repeat his mechanics and keep his arm higher, which in turn increased the velocity on his fastball and improved the break on his curveball. The new work ethic paid off, and in  <mask> went 7–4 with a 4.14 ERA in 18 games on the mound, while hitting .354 with 14 doubles and five home runs as the team's designated hitter. Professional career

Florida Marlins
The Florida Marlins drafted <mask> out of Long Beach State with their second-round pick in the 2004 MLB draft, and he was signed by scout Robby Cosaro; he was a collegiate teammate of Jered Weaver, who was the Anaheim Angels' first-round pick in 2004. <mask> was the 68th player taken overall in the draft. He signed with the Marlins in time to make eight starts in 2004 with their Low A affiliate, the Jamestown Jammers, with whom he went 3–1 with an ERA of 1.96 in eight starts, and was named the #3 prospect in the New York=Penn League by Baseball America. He was the Marlins Organizational Pitcher of the Month for August. He finished 2004 with three starts at the end of the 2004 campaign with one of the Marlins' Single-A affiliates, the Greensboro Grasshoppers of the South Atlantic League.He had a record of 2–1, an ERA of 2.37, and struck out 17 batters in 19 innings pitched. <mask> was then promising enough that Baseball America listed him 8th among the Marlins' top 10 prospects for ; those above him were Jeremy Hermida, Scott Olsen, Yorman Bazardo, <mask>, Josh Willingham, Eric Reed, and Taylor Tankersley. Baseball America predicted that <mask>

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Vargas
Vargas
Vargas
Vargas
Vargas
Vargas
Jason Stokes
Vargas


texts: would start the season in Greensboro and finish it in High A with the Jupiter Hammerheads; <mask> would very easily surpass that expectation during the 2005 season. <mask> did start the 2005 season with Greensboro, as was expected, but he advanced quickly through the Marlins' minor-league system. He made five starts with Greensboro, going 4–1 with an earned run average of just 0.80 in five starts and was named South Atlantic League Pitcher of the Week on April 24, and the Marlins Organizational Pitcher of the Month for April, and Minor League Player of the Week honors for the week of April 18–24. He was then promoted to Jupiter, where he went 2–3 with a 3.42 ERA in nine starts; while there, he struck out 60 batters in 55 innings. With his third club of the year, the Double-A Carolina Mudcats, he made three starts, going 1–0 with a 2.84 ERA and 25 strikeouts in 19 innings pitched.He led all Florida minor league pitchers in 2005 with a 2.50 ERA. The Marlins noticed <mask>'s success in the minor leagues and, when faced with injuries to their own pitching staff, decided to make him the fourth Mudcats pitcher to play in the major leagues in 2005 (the others were Logan Kensing, Olsen, and Bazardo). He made his major-league debut on July 14, 2005, the same day on which the Marlins designated veteran starter Al Leiter for assignment. His first start in the majors would come on July 18 against the Arizona Diamondbacks. Unlike Kensing, Olsen, and Bazardo, <mask> enjoyed nearly immediate success upon his arrival in the major leagues, and after Ismael Valdéz returned from a leg injury, the Marlins moved Brian Moehler to the bullpen and left <mask> in their rotation. On August 21, <mask> started against the Dodgers and pitched his first complete game in the majors, giving up one run on six hits and striking out seven. He

masks: Vargas Vargas Vargas Vargas Vargas Vargas


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 finished the 2005 season with a record of 5–5 and a 4.03 ERA in 17 games, 13 of which were starts.<mask> received one third-place vote from the Baseball Writers' Association of America in the 2005 MLB Rookie of the Year voting. <mask> started the  season in the Marlins' starting rotation, but he struggled there; in five starts, he went 1–1 with a 5.40 ERA, 20 walks, and 14 strikeouts in 23 innings. For the month of May, the Marlins moved him to the bullpen, where he gave up one run in 5 innings over his first three appearances. In his fourth appearance out of the bullpen, he allowed eight runs (seven earned) over 3 innings; the Marlins optioned him to the Triple-A Albuquerque Isotopes on May 14. <mask> started improving with Albuquerque, going 2–2 with a 4.54 ERA in seven starts and earning another promotion to the major leagues on July 6. However, over his next three games with the Marlins, all in relief, <mask> allowed 13 runs (12 earned), four home runs, and five walks in 10 innings; he struck out five batters. The Marlins sent him back to Albuquerque on July 29, where he stayed for the rest of Albuquerque's season.<mask> continued to struggle in his second stint with Albuquerque, allowing 38 earned runs on 56 hits in 31 innings. The Marlins did not call him up again in 2006 after the major-league rosters expanded in September. Overall, <mask> went 1–2 with a 7.33 ERA in 12 games (five of which were starts) for the Marlins, and 3–6 with a 7.43 ERA in 13 starts for the Isotopes in 2006. New York Mets
On November 20, 2006, the Marlins traded <mask> to the New York Mets along with fellow starting pitcher Adam Bostick in exchange for relief pitchers Matt Lindstrom and Henry Owens. <mask> began the  season with the Triple-A New Orleans Zephyrs, compiling a 2–3 record with a 5.30 ERA, which Mets manager Willie

masks: Vargas Vargas Vargas Vargas Vargas Vargas Vargas Vargas


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 Randolph described as "so-so". He was called up to the Mets on May 13 after an injured Moisés Alou was sent to the disabled list, and took over the rotation spot previously held by Mike Pelfrey, who was optioned to New Orleans after posting an 0–5 record in 6 outings. His first outing as a Met was on May 17, a no decision in a 6–5 victory over the Chicago Cubs.His next outing as a Met was on July 3 against the Colorado Rockies. <mask> pitched 3.1 innings, giving up nine earned runs. He pitched only 10.1 innings for the Mets in 2007. <mask> had a bone spur removed from his left elbow in October, and had surgery to repair a torn labrum in his left hip on March 17, 2008, following which he missed the entire 2008 season. Seattle Mariners

On December 10, , <mask> was one of seven players sent to the Seattle Mariners in a three-team trade between the Mets, Mariners, and the Cleveland Indians. <mask> was optioned down to the Triple-A Tacoma Rainiers on July 7, , to make roster room for Chris Shelton. On September 1 <mask> was called up to the Majors.He had been 4–3 with a 3.14 ERA in nine starts with Tacoma. In 2009 with Seattle he was 3–6 with a 4.91 ERA in 23 games, 14 of which were starts. <mask> started the 2010 Mariner season in the squad's starting rotation, and through June proved to be one of the most surprising success stories on the troubled Seattle team's roster. Through 14 starts he had posted a 6–2 record over 91.1 innings, with a 2.66 ERA, 60 strikeouts, and 23 walks. By the end of the season <mask> had thrown 192 innings over 31 starts, and posted a 9–12 record with a 3.78 ERA and 116 strikeouts. He kept left-handed batters to a .200 average, which was 9th-lowest in the American League. In 2011 he was 10–13 with a 4.25 ERA in 32 starts, and his three shutouts were 3rd in the league while his four

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 complete games were 4th in the league, and his 13 losses were 7th in the league.In January 2012 the Mariners and <mask> agreed on a 1-year deal worth $4.85 million for the 2012 season. In July, <mask> went 5–0 in six starts, had an AL-best 1.64 ERA, and was named the AL Pitcher of the Month. For the season, he was 14–11 with a 3.85 ERA, his 33 starts were fourth in the league, and his 217.3 innings pitched were sixth in the American League, while his 35 home runs given up were second in the league. Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim

On December 19, 2012, <mask> was traded to the Los Angeles Angels for first baseman Kendrys Morales. In May 2013 he was again AL Pitcher of the Month. In 2013, he was 9–8 with a 4.02 ERA in 24 starts, and his two shutouts and his three complete games were each 3rd in the league. Kansas City Royals
On November 21, 2013, <mask> signed a four-year, $32 million contract with the Kansas City Royals.He opened the 2014 season as the number three starter for the Royals and posted a career-best 3.71 ERA over 187 innings, as he was 11–10 in 30 starts. His 1.97 walks per 9.0 innings ratio tied for 10th in the American League, and was third-best among AL left-handers. On July 21, 2015, during a game against the Pittsburgh Pirates, <mask> was forced to leave the game after throwing only 26 pitches, with an apparent injury to his throwing arm. The next day, <mask> was diagnosed with a torn UCL in his left elbow, forcing him to undergo Tommy John surgery and miss the remainder of the 2015 season and much of the 2016 season. For 2015, he was 5–2 with a 3.98 ERA in nine starts. Although his season ended prematurely before the Royals' World Series run in 2015, he did receive a World Series ring. On September 17, 2016, he made his first start following his recovery from surgery, against the Chicago White


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 Sox.In 2016 he pitched only 12 innings, all of which were scoreless. The 2017 season was <mask>'s fourth year with the Kansas City Royals, and his first full season since undergoing Tommy John surgery. <mask> started strong, going 12–3 in the first half, and was named to the American League All Star team for the 2017 Major League Baseball All-Star Game. It was the first-ever All Star selection of his career. In the second half <mask> struggled, posting a 2–8 record, including a four-game losing streak. He rebounded, however, winning four straight decisions in the month of September, and in the process establishing a career-high for wins. <mask> finished the season with an 18–11 record and an ERA of 4.16 in 179.2 innings, with his 18 wins tied for the American League lead, and his 32 starts 9th in the league.He led major league pitchers in percent of balls pulled against him (48.8%). He also led all major league pitchers in changeup percentage (32.7%). On defense his 23 assists as a pitcher were 5th in the league, as his 1.60 range factor/9IP was 4th in the league and he fielded 1.000. Return to the Mets
On February 18, 2018, <mask> signed with the Mets for two years and $16 million, plus an $8 million option for a third year. On March 16, <mask> suffered a non-displaced fracture of the hamate bone in his right hand. He missed the first month of the season due to the broken right hand. On June 25, he was once again placed on the disabled list, with a calf injury.On August 29, he struck out his 1,000th batter becoming one of 16 active left-handers to reach that milestone. In 2018, he posted a 7–9  record with a 5.77 ERA in 20 starts. On June 23, 2019, <mask> threatened a Newsday reporter with bodily harm (i.e., being punched out) in the Mets locker room after a game against the Cubs. The following day <mask> was


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 fined $10,000 by the Mets for his actions. At the time that he was traded in 2019, he was 6–5 with a 4.01 ERA for the Mets, in 19 games, 18 of which were starts. Philadelphia Phillies
On July 29, 2019, the Mets traded <mask> and $2.9 million to the Philadelphia Phillies for Double-A minor league catcher Austin Bossart. In 2019 with the Phillies, <mask> was 1–4 with a 5.37 ERA, and in 11 starts he pitched 55.1 innings.<mask> became a free agent following the season on November 4, 2019. Pitches
<mask> throws four pitches: a two-seam and four-seam 85 mph fastball, a 71 mph  curveball, and a 79 mph changeup. Personal life
<mask> married his high school sweetheart, Shelly. They have three children. References

External links

1983 births
Living people
Florida Marlins players
New York Mets players
Seattle Mariners players
Los Angeles Angels players
Kansas City Royals players
Philadelphia Phillies players
Cypress Chargers baseball players
Long Beach State Dirtbags baseball players
LSU Tigers baseball players
Jamestown Jammers players
Greensboro Bats players
Greensboro Grasshoppers players
Jupiter Hammerheads players
Carolina Mudcats players
Albuquerque Isotopes players
New Orleans Zephyrs players
Tacoma Rainiers players
Salt Lake Bees players
Northwest Arkansas Naturals players
Arizona League Royals players
Omaha Storm Chasers players
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Baseball players from California
Major League Baseball pitchers
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American League All-Stars
American League wins champions
People from Hesperia, California
Leones del Escogido players
American expatriate baseball players in the Dominican Republic
People from Apple Valley, California
Sportspeople from San Bernardino County, California
People from Victorville, California
Binghamton Rumble Ponies players
Brooklyn Cyclones

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<mask> (born August 7, 1954) is a Russian-born American endocrinologist. His research interests include mechanisms of insulin action in the ovary, endocrinological aspects of AIDS, and clinical outcomes in diabetes. He has authored over 100 publications and has served on the National Institutes of Health's review committees and on the editorial boards of the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism and other endocrine journals. As of 2014 he is a professor of medicine at Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine in Hempstead, New York, and Chief of the Division of Endocrinology at Lenox Hill Hospital in Manhattan, New York. Early life, career
<mask> was born on August 7, 1954 in Leningrad, Russian SSR. His mother, Nina, was a well known pediatrician from Bobruisk, Belarus who lived and worked in Leningrad. His father was a prominent engineer.<mask> graduated from First (Pavlov) Medical Institute in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg State Medical University), cum laude in 1977. He immigrated with his family to the United States in 1979. Upon completing his internal medicine residency program, he began a fellowship in endocrinology and metabolism at Boston’s Beth Israel Hospital (now Beth Israel/Deaconess Medical Center). He also completed a research fellowship in medicine at Harvard Medical School (1983–1985), where he was mentored by Dr. Jeffrey Flier. Beth Israel Medical Center
While at Beth Israel Medical Center (2000 - 2014), Dr. <mask> served as Chief of the Division of Endocrinology, Vice-Chairman for Research, and Interim Chairman  in the Department of Medicine. He held the Gerald J. Friedman endowed chair in endocrinology and metabolism at Beth Israel Medical Center and was a founding director of the Gerald J. Friedman Diabetes Institute. Gerald J. Friedman Diabetes Institute is an education, clinical management and research program focused on diabetes which requires no insurance or physician referral.At the institute <mask> chairs the annual Friedman Fellows Symposia, which present the work of fellows from around the US supported by The Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman New York Foundation for Medical Research. Lenox Hill Hospital

In September 2014, Dr<mask> joined the staff of Lenox Hill

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Leonid Poretsky
Leonid Poretsky
Poretsky
Poretsky
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 Hospital as its Chief of the Division of Endocrinology. He is leading the effort to develop academic and clinical programs. An endocrinology fellowship program was initiated in July 2016 and a new site for the Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman Diabetes Institute at Lenox Hill Hospital opened on August 1, 2016. Another specialized program in the division—Friedman Transgender Health and Wellness Program—opened in 2017. The division has numerous grants from philanthropic organizations, industry and government agencies (New York State Department of Health and the National Institutes of Health). Lenox Hill Hospital is a part of Northwell Health, formerly North Shore – LIJ Health System, a network of hospitals, nursing homes, a medical school, a nursing school, a medical research institute, ambulatory care centers, urgent care centers, a health insurance company, and laboratories.Dr<mask> has regularly appeared in the New York Times Magazine Best Doctors List and the U.S. News & World Report Best Doctors List. Publishing

Medical texts
<mask> has authored over 100 publications, and has served on the editorial board of the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal of Diabetes, and other publications. He contributed to and edited the comprehensive textbook Principles of Diabetes Mellitus, which has been widely cited, and has gone through three editions so far (2002, 2010 and 2017). The book covers a wide range of topics on diabetes. In 2012 he edited Diabetes Mellitus: A Concise Clinical Guide, which covers "the basics of diagnosis, complications, therapies and prevention of diabetes." The book consists of sections originally published in the second edition of Principles of Diabetes Mellitus. He is also a series editor for “Contemporary Endocrinology”.(Springer, Inc.)

A comprehensive textbook "Transgender Medicine - Multidisciplinary Approach" co-edited by <mask> <mask>, MD and Wylie Hembree, MD was published in 2019 (Springer Publishers, Inc.)

Public policy
<mask> has been vocal in the media about how health care policy can affect patient care. In the 1990s he wrote a letter to the editor of New York Times concerning how Medicaid payment caps can limit physicians' availability to patients. In

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. Poretsky
Poretsky
Leonid
Poretsky
Poretsky


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 July 2012 he wrote an op-ed for Forbes which drew comparisons between the bureaucratic behavior of the American healthcare system and that of the Soviet Union's, which he says "collapsed under the weight of its own bureaucratic inefficiencies two decades ago." This article was followed by a scholarly publication on the subject entitled “The sovietization of American medicine:  Notes from the front lines”, which appeared in Journal in American Physicians and Surgeons, 2013. In 2013 he published a letter in the Wall Street Journal talking about inadequate methods used by the government to assess hospital performance and a letter regarding policy changes needed to reduce hospital readmissions. In 2017, he published a letter about Medicare being allowed to compete with private health insurance plans. In 2021 he was interviewed by USA today regarding transgender health care.Notable research

Insulin in the human ovary
While working as a research fellow at Harvard in the early 1980s, Poretsky became known for discovering, describing and characterizing insulin receptors in the human ovary. Before his research, the hormone insulin had been known to primarily regulate glucose and other fuel metabolism in the liver, fat, and muscle. His work established the ovary as a target for regulation by insulin, and introduced a new paradigm for the gonadotropic function of insulin. Poretsky had been researching the causes of hyperandrogenism (high level of male hormones and male features in females) in patients with extreme forms of insulin resistance, for example in people with insulin receptor gene mutations. Subsequently, <mask>’s work became important for understanding more common disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which affects up to 10% of reproductive age women and is associated with infertility and diabetes. Poretsky’s work helped lead to the use of insulin-sensitizing agents in patients with PCOS. Poretsky and his coworkers also characterized related receptors in the ovary (insulin-like growth factor receptors, peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-gamma), embarked on early studies of the newly discovered energy metabolism hormone irisin in reproduction, and conceptualized an insulin-related


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 ovarian regulatory system.AIDS/HIV
Another line of <mask>'s research involved endocrine manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and includes an early review of endocrinological dysfunction in AIDS patients. Additionally, in 1987 <mask> was a key member of the team which described a condition called hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism, which is characterized by deficiency of adrenal hormone aldosterone, in patients with AIDS. This discovery resulted in introduction of treatment with fludrocortisone, which proved to be extremely effective and almost immediately converted most patients with this condition from being unable to stand (because of a severe drop in blood pressure upon standing) to being mobile and more functional. Poretsky was also key in an early description of a type of inflammation of the thyroid (thyroiditis) which is caused by an opportunistic infection of the thyroid gland by an organism which had been known to infect only the lungs of patients with AIDS. However, Drucker et al published a case of thyroiditis due to pneumocystis infection the year before Poretsky. He also studied the metabolism of adrenal hormones cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Clinical studies in diabetes
Poretsky’s other publications address a variety of subjects in diabetes and reproduction.Recent publications include an invited editorial in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on the role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in metabolic disease; a study of the potential new treatment for prevention of diabetic nephropathy (carried out in collaboration with investigators from the Mount Sinai School of Medicine); a review of the role of Vitamin D in human reproduction; and an editorial as well as a clinical research study on the problem of recurrent hospitalizations of patients with diabetes. In 2021 he has published on applications of modern glucose monitoring technology in hospitalized patients with diabetes during COVID 19 epidemic. References

External links
<mask> <mask>'s CV at the Friedman Diabetes Institute

Living people
1954 births
American endocrinologists
Harvard Medical School alumni
People from Saint

masks: Poretsky Poretsky Leonid Poretsky


texts:
<mask> (born June 20, 1974) is an American singer/songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and touring folk musician from Reading, Massachusetts who earned a master's degree in evolutionary biology from the University of Massachusetts Amherst before pursuing a career in music. <mask> has released nine solo albums and three collaborative albums. His self-titled debut album was released in 1999, the same year that he won the Kerrville Folk Festival's New Folk Award. His first recording for the Signature Sounds label, Compass & Companion, spent ten weeks in the Top Ten on the Americana Chart. <mask> has worked as a side musician for singer songwriters  Lori McKenna and Josh Ritter. He has performed at various music festivals and shared the stage with John Hiatt, Dave Alvin, and Gillian Welch. <mask>'s song “People Look Around”, which he co-wrote with Catie Curtis,  was the Grand Prize winner at the 2005  International Songwriting Competition.His songs have been recorded by Ellis Paul, Vance Gilbert, Antje Duvekot, and Red Molly. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Boston and grew up in the town of Reading,  Massachusetts. <mask> performed in numerous high school musicals and founded the band, Freddie and Slip. Later he was a member of the band Organic Ice Cube and wrote his first song "Hell In the Sky" as a member of the band Dead Flowers (Greg Pothier, Scott Collins, Brian Moynihan, Kevin Larimore, Kris Tuscano, Chris Kerrigan Borning). <mask> was introduced to the music of Patty Larkin, Chris Smither, and other singer-songwriters by listening to  the radio station WBOS. He formed the <mask> Band and in 1997 released the album Long Way From Heaven. After attending the North East Folk

masks:
Mark Erelli
Erelli
Erelli
Erelli
Erelli
Erelli
Erelli
Mark Erelli


texts:
 Alliance Conference in 1997, <mask> signed a recording contract with Signature Sounds Recordings.He was awarded the Iguana Music Fund Fellowship award from Cambridge's Club Passim and used the proceeds to build a home studio. <mask> attended Bates College in Lewiston, Maine and in 1997 enrolled at the  University of Massachusetts Amherst where he obtained a master's degree in evolutionary biology in 1999. Career
<mask>'s self-titled debut CD was released on the Signature Sounds label in 1999. Produced by Lorne Entress, <mask> was backed by musicians Duke Levine, Kevin Barry, Jim Lamond, Dave Dick, Joe Barbato, Roger Williams, and Mike Dinallo and guest vocalists, Rani Arbo, Louise Taylor, and Ben Demerath. He later won the Kerrville Folk Festival's New Folk Award in the same year. The following year, <mask>'s sophomore recording for Signature Sounds, Compass & Companion was released. Again produced by Entress, it features a title-song duet with country artist Kelly Willis.Duke Levine and Kevin Barry once again lent support on guitar along with Dave Dick on banjo and Entress on the jaw harp and percussion. The album charted for ten weeks in the Top Ten of the Americana Music Chart. Later that year <mask> was nominated for two Boston Music Awards. <mask>'s next project was to forego the traditional studio and instead gather a group of musicians to play within the walls of the Civil War era Memorial Hall in Monson, Massachusetts. Over the course of four days in May 2001, <mask> sat down in a semi-circle on the stage of the hall with Lorne Entress, Joe Barbato, Kevin Barry, Jim Henry, and Jim Lamond. The recording machines were turned on and everything was captured over the next four days.

masks: Erelli Erelli Erelli Erelli Erelli Erelli Erelli Erelli


texts: The recording sessions were also captured on film and later aired as a documentary on PBS.In 2004, <mask> hooked up with Boston-based country band The Spurs to delve into the worlds of Western swing, country, and rockabilly with the release of Hillbilly Pilgrim. Erin McKeown is a guest vocalist on "Pretend." "For folk fans, this disc may take some getting used to, but its pleasures are many." <mask> co-produced, with Lorne Entress, his fifth Signature Sounds album Hope & Other Casualties, which was released in 2006. When <mask> was asked if it was a concept album, he said: "The country has been through a lot, since 2000 really. Before September 11, that election of 2000 was a major thing. So, all the songs come out of that context.If the songs seem related, they all come out of that context over the last four years and they’re all coming through my lens and how I’m looking at the world. They all, in kinda one way or another, deal with the issue of how do you keep on keepin’ on when things seem really grim." Sometimes viewed as his most political album, "Hope & Other Casualties" is "an attentive examination of current times interwoven with matters of the heart. His emotions straddle the ground between the personal and the political." Guest vocalists include Kris Delmhorst and Jeffrey Foucault. Hope & Other Casualties was voted the number one album of 2006 by WUMB radio member listeners. Innocent When You Dream, released in 2007, is a collection of lullabies and love songs, which features solo acoustic performances by <mask> as well as covers by Shawn Colvin, Townes Van Zandt, and others.Also in 2007, <mask> toured with Lori McKenna in support of Tim McGraw and Faith Hill on their Soul 2

masks: Erelli Erelli Erelli Erelli Erelli


texts: Soul tour which included appearances on Good Morning America and at the Grand Ole Opry. Later that year <mask> invited fans to finance his next studio album - Delivered - referring to the project as a barn raising. The project succeeded and the 11-song album produced by Josh Ritter's bassist, Zack Hickman, was released in 2008. In his review of Delivered for The Huffington Post, entertainment writer Mike Ragogna said:"This is powerful stuff, and it's a shame that over the six or so albums <mask> has created, he hasn't grown into a more popular artist. But we all know about marketing challenges and how difficult it is these days to cut through the cacophony of TMZ-style stories our mainstream media prefers. As <mask> points out, nothing much has changed here. But as he also reminds us by that song's title, "Hope Dies Last."In 2009, <mask> was a member of Josh Ritter's band when Ritter opened shows for Ray Lamontagne in the United Kingdom. Tour dates included performances in Sheffield and the Royal Albert Hall in London. Little Vigils - again produced by Zack Hickman - was released in 2010. The title is taken from a line in the lead-off track "August." In the spring of 2014, <mask> announced a Kickstarter campaign to fund his Bill Morrissey tribute CD titled Milltowns. On June 26, 2014, <mask> announced that the Kickstarter campaign had exceeded his initial $20,000 goal with donations received from more than 400 supporters of the project. Milltowns was released on September 9, 2014.In her review for Folk Alley, Kim Ruehl wrote: "Milltowns doesn't come off as a covers record or a tribute album, though, so much as it does a thank-you note for the songs Morrissey put out into the world. With

masks:
Erelli
Mark Erelli
Erelli
Erelli
Erelli
Erelli


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 each performance, <mask> gives himself over to the song and seems to be simply following along and learning from where the song takes him. Backed by Sam Kassirer on piano, Charlie Rose on pedal steel and banjo, and Zack Hickman on upright bass, <mask> also welcomes backing vocals from the area's finest singers: Rose Cousins, Kris Delmhorst, Jeffrey Foucault, Anaïs Mitchell, Peter Mulvey, and Rose Polenzani." On January 4, 2016, <mask> announced a second Kickstarter campaign in support of For A Song - his first solo album of original material in six years. One month later, <mask> announced that the project was successfully funded, having raised more than $36K from 469 backers. For A Song was released on April 8, 2016. In a review of For A Song for No Depression, Red Line Roots compared <mask>'s songs to those of Paul Simon or Jackson Browne and went on to say: "For A Song reflects <mask>'s incredible craftsmanship.The arrangements are tight and spare, leaving plenty of room for his voice to convey the sincerity of each song." In CD HotList's Picks of the Month, Rick Anderson wrote that "The whole album is gorgeous and at times borders on heartbreaking." The week of April 25, 2016, For A Song was #34 on the Americana Music Association chart. Collaborations

Barnstar! Barnstar! is <mask>'s bluegrass band collaboration with father and son Taylor Armerding and Jake Armerding, Charlie Rose, and Zack Hickman. The band's debut release - C'mon!- was released in 2011. The album includes several well-known songs such as Neil Young's "Cowgirl in the Sand" and the Louvin Brothers' "Cash on the Barrelhead" as well as three songs penned by <mask>. The collaboration continued with the 2015 release of Sit


texts:
 Down! Get Up! Get Out!. In his review for The Boston Globe, Stuart Munro wrote that the release is "genre-bending music filled with jawdropping harmonizing, emotive ensemble playing, and a raucous immediacy." Seven Curses
In 2010, <mask> paired-up with Jeffrey Foucault to release Seven Curses: A Killer Selection of Americana Murder Ballads.Other than the closing track,"Wyoming Wind" written by <mask>, the collection of songs are covers. They include Woody Guthrie's "Philadelphia Lawyer," Bruce Springsteen's "Johnny 99," and Kevin "Blackie" Farrell's "Sonora's Death Row," to name three. "Whether sweet and mellow or raw and raucous sounding, this homicidal assortment is bleeding great!" Darwin Song Project
<mask> was chosen to join seven other songwriters in a songwriting retreat called the Darwin Song Project, one of many events that took place in 2009 to commemorate Charles Darwin's bicentennial. The event - organized by the Shrewsbury Folk Festival - took place in Darwin's hometown of Shrewsbury, England when the group of musicians gathered to write songs that "have a resonance and relevance to the life of Darwin." The other Darwin artists are Chris Wood, Karine Polwart, Rachael McShane, Jez Lowe, Stu Hanna, Krista Detor and Emily Smith. A concert at the Theatre Severn in March 2009 was recorded and later released as a live CD, and the artists reunited in August 2009 for a performance at the Shrewsbury Folk Festival.Discography
Studio Albums
{|class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Record Label
|-
|2020
|Blindsided
|Self-released
|-
|2016
|For A Song
|Self-released
|-
|2015
|Sit Down! Get Up! Get Out! (with Barnstar!) |Self-released
|-
|2014
|Milltowns
|Hillbilly Pilgrim
|-
|2011
|C’Mon!

masks: Erelli Erelli Erelli


texts:
<mask>, 17th Marquis of Cerralbo (1845 – 1922), was a Spanish archaeologist and a Carlist politician. Family and youth

<mask> came from the aristocratic family for centuries residing in the Salamanca province; his ancestors can be traced back to the 14th century, and it was in 1533 when his forefather was named marquis by Carlos I. His father, <mask>, was the founder and director of the Gimnasio Real de Madrid (Casón del Buen Retiro) and became known as a promoter of physical exercises, supported with a number of machines he invented himself. Married to <mask>, the couple had 13 children. <mask> was first educated at the Madrid Colegio de las Escuelas Pías de San Fernando, later on to study Philosophy and Letters and Law at the Universidad Central. With the death of his father in 1867, <mask> as the oldest living son acquired the conde de Villalobos title, which ensured his place in the middle-range aristocracy and a comfortable financial status. His position changed dramatically in the early 1870s, when, following the childless death of his two paternal uncles and death of his paternal grandfather, <mask>, <mask> became the most senior male in line.He inherited the marquesado de Cerralbo, along with many other aristocratic titles, some of them ceded to his brothers. By virtue of the marquesado de Cerralbo and condado de Alcudia, he became a double grandee of Spain. <mask> inherited part of his grandfather's enormous wealth, including a number of estates in southern Leon, villa de Cerralbo and the San Boal palace in Salamanca. The heritage elevated <mask> into the highest ranks of the Spanish nobility and ensured lifetime opulence. He later

masks: Francisco de Asís de Aguilera y Becerril


texts:
 multiplied his wealth by marriage, cautious investments on the stock exchange and in the railway business, and by inheriting part of the fortune of the marqués de Monroy, which allowed him to purchase new estates in Madrid, Santa María de Huerta and in Monroy. In 1871, <mask> married the mother of his university colleague, Manuela Inocencia Serrano <mask> from Valencia, thirty years his senior and widow of the military and senator <mask> <mask> Angelín; she brought into the family the children from her previous marriage. Immediately afterwards, the couple travelled extensively and started construction of the family residence in Madrid.In 1893, the family moved into the freshly-completed building at calle Ventura Rodríguez, designed in eclectic style by renowned architects and from the outset intended to be also an art gallery, very much like the private pinacotecas seen across Europe. The building – usually referred to as a palace – served later also as a prestigious venue of social meetings, reported the day after by the Madrid press, and a location for political assemblies. The couple had no issue. Early Carlist years

Though his paternal ancestors remained loyal to the Isabelinos, it was <mask>'s mother who influenced him towards Carlism, the leaning reinforced during the university years. According to himself always a Carlist, he joined the movement in 1869, the same year founding also the affiliated Juventud Catolica. As conde de Villalobos he unsuccessfully ran for the Cortes in 1871 from Ciudad Rodrigo, but obtained the mandate in the successive elections of 1872 from Ledesma. His service lasted only 2 months, since before the planned

masks:
Enrique
y Cer
Antonio del
Valle y
Enrique


texts: insurgency the claimant ordered his deputies to resign.There is no evidence that <mask> <mask> took part in the Third Carlist War and that he was exiled, though the issue is not entirely clear. In 1876 in Paris, already as marqués, he was introduced to Carlos VII. The two developed cordial relationship bordering personal friendship; <mask> turned out - along Solferino - one of two grandees who sided with Carlism and automatically became one of its most distinguished figures. Within Carlism <mask> tried to champion the religious cause, but he proved no match for Cándido Nocedal. The conflict grew when Nocedal was nominated Jefe Delegado in 1879, Nocedal opting for immovilismo and Cerralbo for aperturismo. Another issue was Nocedal's drive to emphasize the Catholic features at the expense of dynastical ones. As Carlos VII grew uncomfortable about power shifting away from his hands and as Nocedal's leadership caused grumblings among many Carlists, Cerralbo engaged in few attempts to outmaneuver him, but since they remained fruitless, he pondered upon withdrawing from politics.When Cándido Nocedal died in 1885 Cerralbo was widely rumored to succeed him, but Carlos VII decided to lead the movement personally. Quoting health reasons Cerralbo for some time distanced himself from Carlist politics, marked by further conflict between Ramón Nocedal and the pretender. By virtue of his grandeza he entered the Senate in 1885, where he was the only Carlist. In 1886 Cerralbo headed a makeshift Junta co-coordinating the Carlist electoral effort, though structures of the movement were increasingly paralyzed by conflict until the Nocedalistas were expelled in

masks:
Enrique de
Aguilera
de Cerralbo
de Cerralbo


texts:
 1888. The same year Carlos VII decided to counter their El Siglo Futuro by ordering <mask> to create the official Carlist daily El Correo Español, which commenced his lifelong friendship with Juan Vázquez <mask>. De Cerralbo engaged in many other Carlist cultural initiatives. As royal representative he travelled across Spain in 1889-1890, a novelty in terms of mass mobilization; during some of these visits he was assaulted by the Republicans.Eventually, following other royal favors, in 1890 Cerralbo was nominated Jefe Delegado, receiving the claimant's political carte blanche. First tenure

Cerralbo's leadership was marked by conciliatory course towards political groupings of the Right, with intransigence reserved only for the Integrists, labeled traitors and rebels. He shifted focus from conspiracy to parliamentary activity, though the results obtained in elections of 1891 and 1893 were rather poor. Apparently aware of the forthcoming mass culture age, he worked to develop the Carlist propaganda machinery, introducing first attempts to co-ordinate the Carlist press, but including also a network of libraries and publishing houses, combined with other means of public activity like lectures, feasts, erecting monuments, setting up prizes and creating honorary member lists. A novelty in his propaganda was the systematic usage of images, as he arranged for portraits and photographs of Carlist leaders (including himself) to be printed in countless editions. He also tried to build economic foundations of the movement, issuing shares of various Carlist-controlled institutions. Perhaps the most important of <mask>'s achievements was building a nationwide

masks:
de Cerralbo
de Mella
de Cerralbo


texts: Carlist organization, which transformed the movement from a 19th-century “party” of loosely organized leaders with their local following into a formal institutionalized structure.During his tenure there were some 2000 juntas and 300 circulos created. Though some of them existed only on paper and the organization was limited chiefly to Northern and Eastern Spain, Carlism became the most modern political party of the time, as two major partidos de turno remained rather electoral alliances, dormant between the polling periods. The transformation of Traditionalism under <mask> led many to label the movement “carlismo nuevo”. De Cerralbo, though not an ideologue himself, presided over the works on Acta de Loredán, the Carlist doctrinal statement released early 1897. The document confirmed the ultraconservative profile of Carlism and confirmed its commitment to religion, dynasty, and decentralized state, the relative novelties having been an effort to accommodate the social teaching of the Church and to lure back the Integrists by highlighting the principle of Catholic unity. As the crisis in Cuba mounted, the liberal press was repeatedly warning against a new Carlist insurgency, allegations usually refuted by Correo Español. Small Carlist groups indeed resolved to violence and <mask>bo tried to prevent the phenomenon.The pretender seemed decided not to weaken the country while at war with the United States, but the situation changed following the disastrous peace of 1898, as Carlos VII made some moves interpreted as preparation to another Carlist war. Cerralbo, widely considered the leader of the doves and confronted by the hawks like Llorens, was

masks:
de Cerralbo
de Cerral


texts:
 rumored to be dismissed soon. Quoting health reasons he left Spain and distanced himself from the conflict, finally handing his resignation as Jefe Delegado in late 1899. The notice was accepted by Carlos VII, who nominated Matías Barrio <mask> as the new political leader. Break in leadership

De Cerralbo left Spain mid-1900 and was absent during La Octubrada, the failed Carlist insurrection in Badalona of October 1900. Surprised by the coup he condemned it as premature, though in principle he did not exclude a violent action. He did not withdraw from the Senate.It is not clear whether <mask>, like many Carlist leaders, was expulsed from Spain, the only measure confirmed two police search raids on his Madrid residence. He returned early 1901 and resumed his duties in the Senate. His relationship with Carlos VII remained correct, but the two were getting more and more apart, especially following dismissal of <mask> <mask> (Cerralbo's friend) as the claimant's political secretary, and the growing influence of his second wife, Berthe <mask>. Cerralbo remained loyal to the pretender and his Jefe Delegado Barrio y Mier, taking part in Carlist initiatives and feasts of Madrid. He was also ready to enter Junta Central, the collective governing body designed but eventually abandoned in 1903. He forged a friendly relationship with the son of Carlos VII, Don Jaime, as the two shared historical and archaeological interests. Following the period of poor health and limited public activity, in mid-1900s <mask> increased his engagements becoming head of the Carlist parliamentary minority.When Matías Barrio died in 1909 <mask> was widely rumored to return to

masks:
y Mier
de Cerralbo
conde
de Melgar
de Rohan
de Cerralbo
de Cerralbo


texts:
 the Jefe Delegado position, but as one of his last political decisions Carlos VII nominated Bartolomé Feliú Perez instead, the move welcomed by some and protested by the others. Second Tenure

The 1909 death of Carlos VII turned political fortunes of <mask>, who consulted by the new claimant Don Jaime advised that as a Carlist king he should adopt the name of Jaime III. Many distinguished Carlists pressed the pretender to dismiss Feliú and re-appoint Cerralbo. The claimant bowed to the pressure in 1912, creating a collective governing body, Junta Superior Central Tradicionalista, with <mask> as its president. A number of authors claim that <mask> was the de facto Jefe Delegado and the press, like many contemporaries, presented him as such. The competitive theory maintains that <mask>, sensing the forthcoming clash with Don Jaime, assumed that aging and sick Cerralbo, his old-time friend, would be easier to manipulate; some claim that following the appointment it was actually <mask> who was running the party. De Cerralbo returned to his conciliatory policy towards other conservative parties; he also resumed tours across Spain, and re-organized the party by creating 10 commissions.A novelty in party tactics was an attempt to emphasize its public presence by organizing romerías, aplecs and pilgrimages, also abroad. It was during his second tenure that Requete was born, shaped by Llorens as the paramilitary organization. De Cerralbo remained perfectly loyal to the claimant, though Don Jaime was increasingly uneasy about the growing position of <mask>la, which led to clashes related to management of Correo Español. As the European war broke out in

masks:
de Cerralbo
de Cerralbo
de Cerralbo
de Mella
de Mella
de Mel


texts:
 1914 <mask> favored Spanish neutrality, though he sympathized with the Central Powers, considering their monarchical model closer to Carlist ideal and traditionally opposing Great Britain, viewed as arch-enemy of Spain. He had to face a hard task of maintaining Carlist unity, as some in the movement, including the claimant himself, favored the Allies. Another dispute <mask> had to defuse took place in Catalonia and was related to politics towards local nationalism, resulting in Miquel <mask>nt i Rovira appointed the local jefe. The most difficult issue, however, was the growing conflict between <mask> and Jaime III.Unable to sort out the loyalty dilemma, plagued by health problems and embittered by attacks of his former friends, in the spring of 1918 <mask> quoted health reasons and resigned. When the Mellistas broke away in 1919, De Cerralbo, already outside the Carlist leadership, did not take a clear stand; instead, he withdrew from politics altogether. Though Don Jaime refrained from open criticism, privately he did not spare <mask> harsh words, repeated in public by other prominent Jaimistas; it was <mask> who spoke in his defense. Cerralbo did not take part in the 1919 Magna Junta de Biarritz, a congregation entrusted with marking the future direction of Carlism. His last public nomination was appointment to alcalde of the Madrid district of Argüelles in 1920. Archaeologist and historian

Since his university days <mask> has developed keen interest in culture and history; his first encounter with archaeology took place in the Madrid site of Ciempozuelos in 1895. He started to collect objects retrieved from various demolitions and organized

masks:
de Cerralbo
de Cerralbo
Junye
de Mella
de Cerralbo
de Cerralbo
de Mella
de Cerralbo


texts: archeological excavations himself: the first ones were those in upper Jalón valley, commenced in 1908.His key success was discovery of the Celtiberian site of Arcóbriga, listed as Arcobrigensis in the Roman sources and sought by generations from the 16th century; based on multi-faceted analysis Cerralbo correctly narrowed the search area and discovered the site, where excavations were to continue for tens of years to come. In 1909, following numerous notes about odd findings, he commenced excavations in Torralba del Moral and Ambrona, continued until 1916,  at that time considered the most ancient human settling discovered so far in Europe. El hombre fossil by Hugo Obermaier (1916), a paleontological reference book for generations, was partially based on <mask>'s findings. Remained a promoter, sponsor, director and assessor on many other sites. Though <mask>'s excavation methodology is now considered outdated, he introduced new techniques like photography both on site and in laboratory or complex indexing methods. He co-operated with specialists like geologists, cartoonists, historians, engineers, photographers or paleontologists, sharing discoveries on many scientific fora. Cerralbo became member of many scientific institutions.He was visited in Madrid and Soria by a number of world-class archaeologists. In 1912 he was recognized for 5 volumes of his monumental Páginas de la Historia Patria por mis excavaciones arqueológicas  by Premio Internacional Martorell and applauded for his work on Torralba by International Congress of Anthropology and Archaeology in Geneva the same year. He was invited by the Ministry of Education to work on new law on

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de Cerralbo
de Cerralbo


texts:
 excavations, which, adopted in 1911, prevented objects from being taken out of the country and created Junta Superior de Excavaciones y Antigüedades y Comisión de Investigaciones Paleontológicas y Prehistóricas. Headed a number of archaeological institutions himself. Published studies on María Henríquez <mask>, archbishop Rodrigo Ximénez <mask>da and the Santa María de Huerta monastery. In 1908 he entered Real Academia de Historia (invitation pending since 1898), to join Real Academia Española in 1913. Before his death <mask> donated part of his archeological collection to museums.Hobbyist, collector, man of culture

From youth <mask> contributed to Madrid periodicals, like Fomento Literario and La Ilustración Católica. Active in La Alborada, a literary society founded by the son of his wife <mask> Valle, he authored small pieces of prose and poetry; his El Arco Romano de Medinaceli has even made it to a contemporary Spanish poetry anthology. His style, like this demonstrated in Leyenda de Amor, merged classical perfection of verse with romantic sentiment, appealing to contemporary taste though nowadays probably looking banal and bombastic. Spending much time in his preferred rural residence in Santa María de Huerta, <mask> practiced gardening and farming, in particular horse breeding. He attempted to create a new lineage, a mixture of a pure English and a pure Spanish breed; in 1882 his yeguada won Primer Premio at the Madrid Exhibition, in 1902 his horses won prizes in Madrid and in Barcelona. Since his childhood <mask> was infected by coleccionismo, initially focused on numismatics, but gradually broadened to collecting paintings, arms,

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de Toledo
de Ra
de Cerralbo
de Cerralbo
Antonio del
de Cerralbo
de Cerralbo


texts:
 armor, porcelain and ceramics, rugs, tapestries and curtains, marbles, watches, lamps, sculptures, furniture, candles, drawings, rare books, stamps and other  antiquities. A tireless collectables hunter, Cerralbo traced them at auctions, antiquities shops and museums across Europe, purchasing also entire assortments from other people.He amassed around 28,000 objects, his collection considered one of the most complete in Spain at the time. The contemporary press dubbed him El marqués coleccionista, though his zeal was popular among the wealthy bourgeoisies. Before his death <mask> set up Fundación Museo Cerralbo, which displays most of the objects until today. The collection remains a good example of the 19th century private collecting passion, somewhat undisciplined but delivering a sense of search for beauty and, possibly, quality of life. In contemporary guidebooks the place is referred to as “a study in 19th-century opulence”, jammed with “fruits of the collector’s eclectic meanderings”. Legacy

De Cerralbo is credited for his archaeological contribution, consisting mostly of some key discoveries and introduction of modern excavation methods. As a politician he is praised for employing new means of public mobilization and for conciliatory strategy, rather atypical for Carlism.Finally, he is recognized as benefactor who donated part of his collection to public museums and who founded a museum himself. The critics note that he adhered to backward ideology and refused to take sides during the moments of crisis (Third Carlist War, nocedalista conflict, La Octubrada, Mellist schism), quoting poor health as an excuse. They play down his collection


texts:
 as a chaotic and banal means of venting off his wealth. He is charged with turning archeology into a vehicle of pursuing a nationalist discourse. Finally, some indicate that <mask> formed part of the oligarchy responsible for archaic social and economic conditions of Spain, also personally taking advantage of his privileged position versus the poor. See also
 Carlism
 Restoration (Spain)
 Electoral Carlism (Restoration)
 Carlos VII
 Jaime III
 Cerralbo Museum
 Archaeology

Footnotes

Further reading
 Historia del Museo y su Fundador, [in:] Museo Cerralbo website
 Juan Ramón <mask> Martín, El caso Feliú y el dominio de Mella en el partido carlista en el período 1909–1912, [in:] Historia contemporánea 10 (1997),
 Juan Ramón <mask> Martín, El cisma mellista. Historia de una ambición política, Madrid 2000,
 Jordi Canal i Morell, Banderas blancas, boinas rojas: una historia política del carlismo, 1876-1939, Madrid 2006, , 9788496467347
 Jordi Canal i Morell, La revitalización política del carlismo a fines del siglo XIX: los viajes de propaganda del Marqués de Cerralbo, [in:] Studia Zamorensia 3 (1996), pp.233–272
 Agustín <mask>, El marqués de Cerralbo (1845-1922): biografía politica [PhD thesis], Madrid 2012
 Agustín <mask>, El marqués de Cerralbo. Una vida entre el carlismo y la arqueología, Madrid 2015,
 Agustín <mask>, El XVII Marqués de Cerralbo (1845-1922). Iglesia y carlismo, distintas formas de ver el XIII Centenario de la Unidad Católica, [in:] Studium: Revista de humanidades, 18 (2012) , pp. 125–154
 Agustín <mask>dero, El XVII marqués de Cerralbo (1845-1922). Primera parte de la historia de un noble carlista, desde 1869 hasta 1900,

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de Cerralbo
de Andrés
de Andrés
Fernández Escudero
Fernández Escudero
Fernández Escudero
Fernández Escu