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<mask> (15 February 1927 – 8 December 2002) was a Sri Lankan Trotskyist revolutionary politician and trade unionist. He became a member of parliament, a Cabinet Minister of Transport in 1964, the Deputy Speaker of Parliament from 1994 to 2000 and a diplomat. He authored several books and edited newspapers and magazines. He was chairman and general manager of a State corporation. He briefly held the honorary rank of Colonel. Background and education
<mask> was born in Colombo, Sri Lanka (then called Ceylon), on 15 February 1927. A member of the family of Anagarika Dharmapala (who named him '<mask>'), he was brought up with Buddhist and Sinhalese nationalist values, as well as an abhorrence of the colonial power, Britain.He went to school at Royal College, Colombo, an elite institution which produced many radicals as well as civil servants and bourgeois politicians, where he won his colours in athletics. During the Second World War he organised a brigade of boys to aid the Japanese if they landed on the island and earned himself the nickname 'Rommel' at school. Later he became influenced by communism (he wrote in praise of the Red Air Force). Together with Osmund Jayaratne and Dicky Attygala, he formed a communist group in Royal College. This group gradually moved to a specifically Trotskyist stance. <mask> went on to University College Ceylon (which later became University of Ceylon), where he excelled in athletics, representing his University at the All India Universities Athletic Meet, which was held regularly in those years, in Lahore in 1944. He taught briefly at Royal Primary School, which had been evacuated to Glendale Bungalow, Bandarawela.He won an exhibition to the University of London and went to Britain in 1945. He sailed on board a troopship; when the news of Churchill's defeat at the general election came through, all the

masks:
Anil Moonesinghe
Moonesinghe
Anil Kumar
Moonesinghe


type: original

texts:
 soldiers on board threw their caps in the air and cheered, a fact which greatly encouraged him. Revolutionary Communist Party

At University College, London, he studied law. There he met his future wife, Jeanne Hoban – a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) whom he converted to Trotskyism – and Stan Newens, who was later to become a Labour & Co-op MP. They joined the Revolutionary Communist Party (RCP), in which they were associated with the group around Tony Cliff, the so-called 'State-Caps' after their characterisation of the USSR as 'State-Capitalist'. The group later became the Socialist Review Group (SRG), organised around the Socialist Review which evolved into the Socialist Workers Party (SWP). Both <mask> and Jeanne were present at the founding conference of the SRG.Through the group he got to know Max Shachtman, becoming familiar with his theory of 'bureaucratic revolution'. He was also familiar with Jock Haston and Ted Grant. Within the RCP he went by the Pseudonym '<mask> Kumaran'. Marriage
For a time he worked as an overhead crane operator at Southern Forge Ltd, Langley, Slough. He married Jeanne Hoban in 1948 and they moved into a houseboat called 'Red October', which they built together, on the Thames near Marlow. They both entered the Labour Party in Slough, on the heels of a group of the RCP, led by Jock Haston. <mask> was a speaker for the National Council of Labour Colleges; while Jeanne was elected to the Executive of the Labour Leagues of Youth, later being put on the list of Labour Parliamentary candidates.They were both associated with the MP for Slough Fenner Brockway and with George Padmore, the prophet of Black African Liberation. LSSP Days

His parents summoned <mask> back to Colombo urgently in 1952. He was called to the Bar and practised law all over the island. He and Jeanne joined the Lanka

masks: Anil Anil Anil Anil


texts: Sama Samaja Party (LSSP) and worked in the Lanka Estate Workers' Union (LEWU), which organised labourers on the tea and rubber plantations. At the time the British were still very powerful on the island, in spite of Ceylon having obtained a form of independence in 1948. The British planters prevailed upon the government to deport Jeanne, but she went into hiding and the LSSP fought successfully to prevent the deportation. In 1954 the LEWU sent him to the Mohomediya Estate in Agalawatte, in the Pasdun Korale (county) to organise a strike there.He was so successful that the Agalawatte Local of the LSSP asked for him to be sent as the Party's parliamentary candidate for the constituency. At the time, the seat was held by the United National Party (UNP) with a comfortable majority (the plantation workers, who were a large minority of the electorate, were disenfranchised by the UNP Government in 1949). In 1956 he won the election for this seat in Parliament representing Agalawatte for 11 years. He worked hard for his constituency, building roads and schools through self-help and worked for the welfare of the poorest sections, particularly for the neglected so-called lower castes. He also successfully contested the working-class Dematagoda Ward of the Colombo Municipal Council, but found that working in Agalawatte took up too much time for him to devote any to his ward work. Together with Jeanne, he joined Sri Lanka's first co-operative housing scheme, the Gothatuwa Building Society, founded by Herbert Keuneman, Seneka Bibile, 'Bonnie' Fernando and other members of the radical intelligentsia. This led to the foundation of the Welikadawatte housing estate, which attained some fame as an island of intellectual creativity.He was elected to the Central Committee of the LSSP and then onto its Political Bureau (Politburo), a position he never lost


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 until he left the party. In 1956 he spoke in Parliament condemning the Soviet invasion of Hungary. In 1960, Yugoslavia opened an embassy in Colombo, and he advised the new ambassador unofficially on how to operate in Sri Lanka. In 1963 he went to Yugoslavia for an Inter-Parliamentary Union conference. There he had an opportunity to view at close hand the operation of the Workers' Councils. He was deeply impressed by the level of open debate that he found at these councils, and this experience was to aid him in later years. Cabinet Minister
At the 1964 LSSP conference, he was aligned with Dr N.M. Perera on the question of whether or not to enter the Coalition Government of Mrs Sirimavo Bandaranaike.The Party did enter the Government and he became one of the first three Trotskyist cabinet ministers. He received the portfolio of Communications (Transport) and set to work to build up the country's transport resources. He established Employees' Councils to help run the Ceylon Government Railway and the Ceylon Transport Board (CTB). He obtained a large parcel of land in the centre of Colombo for establishing a Central Bus Station (CBS) in close proximity to the main Fort Railway Station. The construction of the new International Airport at Katunayake (a former RAF base which had been taken over in 1957) was also started by him. He negotiated an agreement with the FIAT company to build buses in Sri Lanka. However, the Government was defeated shortly thereafter and he was unable to complete his work – the next government did not sign the agreement with FIAT.Back in opposition
At the next general election, at which the coalition was defeated, he held his Parliamentary seat. However, in 1967 he lost it on an election petition, although the LSSP retained the Agalawatte seat at the subsequent by-election. He was editor of the daily Janadina newspaper


texts:
 for a short while around this time. In 1966, the police arrested several lower-ranking soldiers and civilians, implicated in an alleged attempted coup d'état, the so-called 'Lavatory Coup'. Several army officers, including the Army Commander Major General Richard Udugama, were dismissed or suspended. Moonesinghe was lawyer for the 9th accused, Mayadunne, in the subsequent trial. He visited Czechoslovakia during the 'Prague Spring' and was again impressed by the activities of the Workers' Councils there.He later wrote a book condemning the Soviet invasion which ousted Alexander Dubček. He succeeded Dr N.M. Perera as President of the redoubtable All Ceylon United Motor Workers' Union (ACUMWU). He also set about organising the United Corporations and Mercantile Union (UCMU) which brought together workers in government corporations, and of which he was general secretary. He went around the country from factory to factory and built up a union of several tens of thousands of members. One of his lieutenants in this task was Vasudeva Nanayakkara, who became an MP in 1970. At the 1970 General Election, the UCMU also sponsored the candidature of novice Mahinda Rajapakse, who was the Chairman of its Vidyodaya University branch and who was later to become Prime Minister and then President of Sri Lanka. CTB chairman
After the 1970 election, at which the United Front (UF) won a landslide victory, the workers at the CTB spontaneously established workers' committees and took over the running of the institution.They also asked for <mask> <mask> to be made chairman of the board. The new Government therefore appointed him chairman and general manager. Thus began the most successful years of the CTB as an institution. For the last two of the five years he was there, the CTB ran at a profit, while providing a service which was never previously or subsequently

masks: Anil Moonesinghe


texts: matched. In this he was aided by his Minister, Leslie Goonewardene. Senior citizens still nostalgically refer to the CTB under Moonesinghe, which provided an efficient and disciplined service to the public. He would dress in a bush shirt and trousers and operate as a one-man flying squad to catch errant bus crews in the act, lying in wait in his metallic blue Volkswagen Variant or his Citroën 2CV at places like Dematagoda Junction to prowl on them.Stories would abound (all untrue) of him being spotted disguised with a beard. To prove that eight buses could be serviced in a day, he once personally carried out eight vehicle services at the Central Workshops, Werahera. In addition to the role in management of the Employees' Councils (which the workers' committees were transformed into after being properly constituted, with democratic elections supervised by the Elections Commission), commuter organisations were included in an advisory role. The services were expanded and measures were taken to improve efficiency, including rationalising bus types. The CTB started buying buses from the Isuzu Company of Japan, to offset any cartelisation by Tata and Ashok Leyland, the main suppliers, and also purchased Ikarus buses from Hungary. Several new bus stands and bus depots were established. A modern, multi-storied bus station was planned at the CBS, complete with hotel and cinema, but this would never be completed.Moonesinghe also took measures to build up local industry and the CTB became well equipped with foundries and workshops: the Central Workshop at Werahera became the largest in South Asia. The local modification of ticket machines was started after employees pointed out many unsuitable features, and a new workshop was acquired for this. In 1974 he started the assembly of bus chassis and prototypes of a locally manufactured bus and a car rolled


texts:
 out of Werahera. In 1971, when the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) staged an insurrection, he formed a 2,000-strong paramilitary body, the Hansa Regiment (of which he was honorary Colonel), from among the employees of the CTB to guard bus depots, bus stops and workshops. He also created 'CANTAB', a secret intelligence organisation, the agents of whom were employees of the CTB, which provided accurate reports of the strength and distribution of JVP units. At this time he joined the editorial board of State, a theoretical journal of the LSSP, published in three languages. In 1975, Leslie Gunawardena and he were preparing the ground for a major shift in the management of the CTB, whereby Employees' Council representatives were to form half the board of directors.However, in September that year the UF broke up and the LSSP Ministers were removed, so <mask> Perera at that year's conference. In 1980, he was arrested for his part in the General Strike, but later released without any charges being made. At this time he wrote a book on the repression of the Solidarity union in Poland.About this time, he coined the term 'Casino Capitalism' to describe the economic set-up under the UNP regime. SLFP Days
He split from the LSSP in 1982 over its refusal to go into coalition with Mrs Sirimavo Bandaranaike's Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP), forming the Sri Lanka Sama Samaja Party (SLSSP) with other breakaways. He supported Hector Kobbekaduwa at the Presidential Election of that year. In 1983 the SLSSP dissolved itself and he joined the SLFP and contested the Matugama seat at a by-election and won. He represented Matugama until 1989 and then was one of the MPs – under proportional representation – for the Kalutara District until 2000. During the 1983 anti-Tamil pogrom, he intervened to save several people from death. During the 'White Terror' of 1988–90, he


texts:
 was active in saving hundreds of suspects from summary execution – at one point having to threaten an Army commandant with attack.In the early 1990s he was elected a vice-president of the SLFP and was part of a re-organisation drive led by Anura Bandaranaike, DM Jayaratne, Berty Premalal Dissanayake and Mahinda Rajapakse. In opposition, he was the spokesperson for Transport (he was also President of the Sri Lanka National Transport Workers' Union) and, being acknowledged as the best man to take care of the public transport sector, was expected to receive that portfolio in the event of the SLFP returning to power. However, after the victory in 1994 of the People's Alliance, the new Prime Minister, Chandrika Kumaratunga did not care to revive the CTB and did not make Moonesinghe a Minister. Instead, he became Deputy Speaker and Chairman of Committees of Parliament. Soon after this, he was elected President of the Mahabodhi Society, a Buddhist Missionary organisation headquartered in Colombo. He was disoriented by the rather Byzantine internal politics of the SLFP. In the LSSP debate was out open and was democratic, with matters being finally settled with a vote.His habit of speaking his mind, which had only irritated others in the LSSP, proved to be a liability in his new political home. After becoming Deputy Speaker, he grew close to Mrs Bandaranaike, who had herself been deserted by many of her closest allies. Her death affected him deeply. Diplomat
In 2000 he was appointed Sri Lanka's Ambassador to Austria, the UN and accredited to the former Yugoslav republics, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. On 14 March 2002 he presented his credentials as the first Sri Lankan Ambassador to Croatia. He had a close relationship with Václav Havel, the President of the Czech Republic, due to his connections with the oppositional movement in


texts:
 Czechoslovakia since the Prague Spring. After the victory of the UNP at the general election of December 2001, he was recalled.He died on 8 December 2002 in Colombo. He left four children, Janaki, Vinod, Previn and Priyanka, the last two by a second marriage to Joan de Zilva. Publications
 Kumaran, <mask> (pseudonym). "The Indonesian Movement", Workers’ International News, January–February 1949. Moonasinghe, <mask>. "Accumulation in backward countries", Young Socialist,January-March 1962
 Moonesinghe, <mask>, Chekoslovækiyava, Janadina Publications, Colombo, 1968. Moonesinghe, <mask>, "The Nature of the State", State, Colombo, 1975, No 1.<mask>, <mask>, Polanthaya – 1980, Janadina Publications, Colombo, 1980. A leader par excellence
Scott Direckze, '<mask> K. Moonesinghe and the Citroen project', Daily News, 8 December 2009

1927 births
2002 deaths
Alumni of Royal Preparatory School
Alumni of Royal College, Colombo
Alumni of the Ceylon University College
Alumni of University College London
Ambassadors of Sri Lanka to Austria
Ambassadors of Sri Lanka to Croatia
Ambassadors of Sri Lanka to Hungary
Ambassadors of Sri Lanka to Slovakia
Ambassadors of Sri Lanka to the Czech Republic
Communications ministers of Sri Lanka
Deputy speakers and chairmen of committees of the Parliament of Sri Lanka
Lanka Sama Samaja Party politicians
Members of the 3rd Parliament of Ceylon
Members of the 4th Parliament of Ceylon
Members of the 5th Parliament of Ceylon
Members of the 6th Parliament of Ceylon
Members of the 8th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 9th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 10th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Permanent Representatives of Sri Lanka to the United Nations
Revolutionary Communist Party (UK, 1944) members
Sri Lankan diplomats
Sinhalese lawyers
Sinhalese politicians
Sinhalese trade unionists
Sri Lankan socialists
Sri Lankan

masks: Anil Anil Anil Anil Moonesinghe Anil Anil


texts:
<mask> is a former politician in the Canadian province of Quebec. He served as mayor of Longueuil from 1982 to 1987 as leader of the Parti municipal de Longueuil. Early life and city councillor
<mask> worked for Hydro-Québec prior to his election as Longueuil's mayor. He was first elected to the Longueuil City Council as a city councillor in the 1978 municipal election, representing the city's tenth ward. The overall result of this election was inconclusive: Marcel Robidas of the rival Parti civique de Longueuil was re-elected as mayor, but the Parti municipal won nine of seventeen seats and  held a functioning majority until one of its representatives was expelled from the party. Parti municipal leader Paul Viau resigned in 1981, and <mask> was chosen without opposition to become his successor. <mask> defeated Robidas by the narrow margin of eighty-two votes in the 1982 municipal election to become mayor of Longueuil, and the Parti municipal won a convincing majority on council.As mayor, Finet promoted a cleanup plan for the Saint Lawrence River and a related beautification project for Longueuil's waterfront. The original project proposal would have involved constructing a sewage interceptor pipe on the river's bed for three kilometers, and for this reason the plan was opposed by local environmental groups. The plan was rejected by the government of Quebec in late 1985, and Finet instead accepted a compromise to construct most of the pipe under Quebec Route 132. The waterfront beautification project began in September 1986. In March 1985, Finet signed a land-swap agreement with Pratt & Whitney Canada, a major employer in the region with which the city had previously had difficult relations.

masks:
Jacques Finet
Jacques Finet
Jacques Finet
Mayor Finet


texts:
 The new municipal lands were intended for housing development. Later in the same year, Finet ordered ten emergency dispatchers in Longueuil to take lessons in English, to ensure that the city would be able to provide emergency services in French and English at all hours.Finet was chosen as chair of the Montreal South Shore Transit Corp. in December 1985. He indicated that his priorities would be improving access to the Longueuil Metro Station and introducing a shuttle bus service for commuters to Montreal via the Champlain Bridge. The following year, he helped negotiate a settlement that ended a thirty-five-day strike among drivers. Finet introduced a cleanup program for Longueuil's Chambly Road in March 1986, as based on a previous effort on St-Charles Street. A five-million dollar refurbishing plan for the street was announced in July of the same year. Finet was easily re-elected as mayor in the 1986 municipal election, and the Parti municipal won all nineteen seats on council. Finet was confirmed to a second term as chair of the Montreal South Shore Transit Corp. shortly thereafter.Hydro-Québec executive
<mask> unexpectedly resigned as mayor on April 16, 1987, to accept a position with Hydro-Québec as executive vice-president for Quebec sales. He explained that he always planned to return to the company at some point, and that the job offer was a unique opportunity. Some criticized him for leaving politics so soon after his re-election. Finet launched an energy reduction campaign in April 1991, highlighted by a call for Hydro-Québec users to use energy-saving light bulbs, shower heads, and hot-water heaters. In August 1991, <mask> was appointed as Hydro-Québec's first vice-president for

masks: Finet Finet


texts: Europe. He indicated that his priority would be to foster a "high-quality image" for the corporation while fighting what he described as a "smear campaign" from environmental and indigenous groups over its involvement in the proposed Great Whale River project. His office was located in Brussels, Belgium.Shortly after his appointment, Finet defended Hydro-Québec's relations with Cree and Inuit communities affected by construction projects in northern Quebec. He argued that the corporation had paid $500 million in compensation for mining rights and that economic conditions and social services were improving in the affected communities. Critics charged that the construction projects created new health risks and contributed to a variety of social problems. Finet asked the International Water Tribunal to cancel a series of planned hearings on the Great Whale River project in 1992, charging that the hearings would become a media circus. Bill Namagoose, executive director of the Grand Council of the Crees, which requested the hearings, described Finet's request as spurious. Shortly thereafter, Finet charged that the Grand Council of Crees was using environmental arguments as a "facade" to push for full control of natural resources. Namagoose again dismissed Finet's statement, saying that the Cree were seeking shared control of natural resources in accordance with the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement.The International Water Tribunal ultimately issued a non-binding ruling calling for the Great Whale project to be halted pending completion of an environmental review. <mask> was chosen as leader of the International Union for Electroheat (UIE) at the 12th World Congress on Electrotechnologies in


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 June 1992. He was the first North American to lead the organization. Hydro-Québec wrapped up most of its European public relations activities in 1993, and <mask> announced his retirement from Hydro-Québec at the same time. In an interview with the Montreal Gazette, he said that Hydro had built up a network of supporters in Europe and that his presence was no longer needed. At its peak in 1992, Hydro-Québec's European office spent $920,000 on public relations. Attempted return to political life
<mask> sought to return as mayor of Longueuil in the 1994 municipal election as a candidate of the newly formed Alliance de Longueuil, which was created by a de facto merger of the Alliance démocratique de Longueuil and the Parti civique de Longueuil.He won the party leadership on May 1, 1994, defeating former Parti civique leader Sylvie Robidas by 601 votes to 122. His platform called for a municipal tax freeze, the creation of an economic development office, establishing an arts and cultural center to serve the South Shore, and quality-of-life committees for all the city's neighbourhoods. He also said that he would seek a merger of the Montreal Island, South Shore, and Laval transit systems, to be accompanied by a distance-based fare system. His opponents revived criticisms that he had resigned as mayor too soon after his re-election in 1986. Finet ultimately finished third against Claude Gladu of the Parti municipal. Finet stepped down as leader of the Alliance de Longueuil in November 1995. He has not sought a return to political life since this time.Electoral record

References

Living people
Mayors of Longueuil
Hydro-Québec
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living


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<mask> (born 19 July 1947) is an American lepidopterist, writer, teacher, and founder of the Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation. Much of his life story is told in the 2020 feature film The Dark Divide, where <mask> is played by David Cross. Early life and education

<mask> grew up in Denver and Aurora, Colorado, and took all of his early education in Aurora Public Schools, graduating in 1965. He attended the University of Washington, where he received a B.S. degree in "Nature Perception and Protection" in a self-styled General Studies program. This was followed by an M.S. in Nature Interpretation from the UW College of Forest Resources.During his time there he was also involved in environmental activism, serving on the university Conservation Council and testifying against unsustainable development plans. A Fulbright Scholarship in 1971-72 enabled <mask> to study butterfly conservation at the Monks Wood Experimental Station in Abbot's Ripton, England, with John Heath and other mentors, which led to his founding of the Xerces Society in 1971. From there he entered Yale University Graduate School to study insect conservation ecology with Charles Remington. He received his Ph.D. ("The Eco-geography of Lepidoptera Conservation")  from the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies in 1976. On July 30 1966 he married his high school sweetheart, JoAnne R. Clark who was also a student of biology. They divorced amicably in 1973, and he remarried botanist Sally Hughes on June 7 1974. This second marriage would last a decade.Career

Conservation biology and research
<mask>

masks:
Robert Michael Pyle
Pyle
Pyle
Pyle
Pyle


texts:
 worked as ranger-naturalist in Sequoia National Park, butterfly conservation consultant for the Wildlife Division of Papua New Guinea, Northwest Land Steward for The Nature Conservancy, and co-manager of the Species Conservation Monitoring Center in Cambridge, UK, where he co-compiled the IUCN Invertebrate Red Data Book. He has been deeply involved in Monarch butterfly conservation since 1975, convening the First Conference on Monarch Conservation and biology in Morelos, Mexico, and chairing The Monarch Project of the Xerces Society with Lincoln Brower and Melody Mackey Allen. He has also been active in old-growth forest conservation in the Pacific Northwest. These involvements continue. <mask> has published many papers on butterfly conservation ecology and biogeography, and he continues field work as Co-coordinator of the Washington Butterfly Survey. He co-authored (with Paul Hammond) a major paper reviewing the Mariposa Copper butterfly (Lycaena mariposa) and describing nine new subspecies. His most recent paper reports on the behavior of the Woodland Skipper (Ochlodes sylvanoides) during a total eclipse of the sun.Ongoing studies concern forty years of monitoring butterfly phenology at one study site and the biology of a northerly migrant species, both pertaining to climate change. Teaching and speaking
<mask> has taught writing, conservation biology, and natural history seminars for many colleges and institutes around the world, and presented hundreds of invited lectures and keynote addresses. He has served as Visiting Professor of Environmental Writing at Utah State

masks: Pyle Pyle


texts:
 University; as Kittredge Distinguished Visiting Writer at the University of Montana; and as place-based writing instructor for the Aga Khan Humanities Project in Tajikistan and the Writers' Centre of Tasmania. On twenty-five occasions from 1976 to 2013, he was a presenter and field trip leader at the annual week-long National Wildlife Federation Conservation Summits and their successors, Family Nature Summits. He has also led natural history seminars for Cloud Ridge Naturalists, the North Cascades, Olympic Park, and Glacier Park Institutes, and in numerous other settings. He has served on the faculty of the Sitka Institute, Fishtrap, Haystack, Art of the Wild, Breadloaf, and many other writers' conferences and events and has led natural history tours for the National Audubon Society, the Smithsonian Institution, the Wilderness Society, the Arizona Sonora Desert Museum, and The Nature Conservancy, and Green & Pleasant Tours ("Birds and Beers of Britain") among others. Writing
Since 1982, <mask> has been an independent scholar, writer, and biologist, concentrating on writing as his primary professional activity.He writes essay, poetry, and fiction from his home along a tributary of the Lower Columbia River in Southwest Washington, where he has lived since 1978. He has published 24 books and hundreds of essays, papers, poems, stories, and anthology chapters. <mask>'s seminal work, Wintergreen: Rambles in a Ravaged Land describes the devastation caused by unrestrained logging as well as the remaining beauties of his adopted home in the Willapa Hills. His book Where Bigfoot Walks:


texts: Crossing the Dark Divide grew out of a Guggenheim Fellowship, and was a major component (along with <mask>'s other books) for the 2020 feature film The Dark Divide starring David Cross as <mask> and Debra Messing as his wife Thea Linnaea <mask>. The Thunder Tree: Lessons from An Urban Wildland chronicles the intersection of his Aurora, Colorado, boyhood nature explorations and Colorado's long tradition of water rights battles with the importance of everyone's special places, especially children's. Both Wintergreen and The Thunder Tree exemplify <mask>'s love of damaged lands. His travel narrative Chasing Monarchs: Migrating with the Butterflies of Passage traces his discovery of previously unsuspected monarch butterfly migration patterns.Mariposa Road: The First Butterfly Big Year follows up as another far-ranging butterfly road trip narrative, as it chronicles <mask>'s coast-to-coast adventures and misadventures while documenting as many butterflies as possible in one year (similar to a birder's big year). <mask> co-edited and annotated Nabokov’s Butterflies, which collects the novelist's butterfly writings from throughout his literary and scientific opus. Walking the High Ridge: Life as Field Trip reflects on <mask>'s development as a writer and on his sources, influences, and beliefs. Sky Time in Gray's River: Living for Keeps in a Forgotten Place follows the lives of the creatures populating his adopted village month by month through the seasons. A chapbook of poems and stories, Letting the Flies Out, preceded <mask>'s first full-length book of poems, Evolution of the Genus

masks: Pyle Pyle Pyle Pyle Pyle Pyle Pyle Pyle


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 Iris. His second book of poems, Chinook and Chanterelle, features cover art by his wife, the late artist and naturalist Thea Linnaea <mask>. <mask>'s third longer collection, The Tidewater Reach: Field Guide to the Lower Columbia River in Poems and Pictures, is a collaboration with photographer Judy VanderMaten.Other books include The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Butterflies, The Butterfly Watcher's Handbook, The Butterflies of Cascadia, and The Butterflies of the Pacific Northwest

Magdalena Mountain: A Novel, <mask>'s first published book of fiction, weaves a converging tale of disparate personalities brought into the high country of Colorado mountain wilderness by their various quests for the all-black Magdalena alpine butterfly. The book seeks to blend methods of narrative natural history writing with pure fiction by alternating chapters on Magdalena's life in the high rocks with those of the human characters. <mask>'s essays have been collected in three books: The Tangled Bank, his columns from fifty-two consecutive issues of Orion and Orion Afield magazines;  Through a Green Lens: Fifty Years of Writing for Nature; and Nature Matrix: New and Selected Essays (September 2020). Butterfly Launches from Spar Pole, a collaboration of <mask> with Nirvana bassist Krist Novoselic and Ray Prestegard, is an eleven-track audio album of acoustic song-poems inspired by the natural world. 2002. Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 275, Twentieth-Century American Nature Writers: Prose, pp. 261–270.Detroit: Gale. Pearson, <mask>. 1996. American Nature Writers, Volume

masks: Pyle Pyle Pyle Pyle Pyle Michael


texts:
 2, pp. 733–739. Scribner's. Bibliography
Nature Matrix: New and Selected Essays.2020. Counterpoint. The Tidewater Reach: Field Guide to the Lower Columbia River in Poems and Pictures (with Judy VanderMaten). 2020. Columbia River Reader Press. Butterflies of the Pacific Northwest. With Caitlin C. LaBar.2018. Timber Press. Magdalena Mountain: A Novel. 2018. Counterpoint Press. Through a Green Lens: Fifty Years of Writing for Nature. 2016.Oregon State University Press. Chinook and Chanterelle: Poems. 2016. Lost Horse Press. Evolution of the Genus Iris: Poems. 2014. Lost Horse Press.The Tangled Bank: Writings from Orion. 2012. Oregon State University Press. Letting the Flies Out (chapbook). 2011. Fishtrap. (Current publisher: New Riverside Press)
Mariposa Road: The First Butterfly Big Year.2010. Houghton Mifflin. (Current publisher: Yale University Press)
Sky Time in Gray's River: Living for Keeps in a Forgotten Place. 2007. Houghton Mifflin. (Current publisher: Counterpoint) (out in Jan. 2021)
The Butterflies of Cascadia: A Field Guide to All the Species of Washington, Oregon, and Surrounding Territories. 2002.Seattle Audubon Society. Nabokov's Butterflies. Edited and annotated by R. M<mask> and Brian Boyd, with new translations from the Russian by Dmitri Nabokov. 2000. Beacon Press. Walking the High Ridge: Life as Field Trip. 2000.Milkweed Editions. Chasing Monarchs: Migrating with the Butterflies of Passage. 1999. Houghton Mifflin. (Current publisher: Yale University Press)
Where Bigfoot Walks: Crossing the Dark Divide. 1995. Houghton Mifflin.(Current publisher:


texts:
 Counterpoint)
The Thunder Tree:  Lessons from An Urban Wildland. 1993. Houghton Mifflin. (Current publisher: Oregon State University Press)
Insects: A Peterson Field Guide Coloring Book (with Kristin Kest and Roger Tory Peterson). 1993. Houghton Mifflin. Wintergreen: Rambles in a Ravaged Land.. 1986.Scribner. (Current publisher: Counterpoint)
The Audubon Society Handbook for Butterfly Watchers. 1984. (1992 reprint: Houghton Mifflin)
The IUCN Invertebrate Red Data Book (with Susan M. Wells and N, Mark Collins). 1983. IUCN/WWF. Butterflies:  A Peterson Field Guide Coloring Book (with Sarah Anne Hughes and Roger Tory Peterson).1983. Houghton Mifflin. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Butterflies. 1981. Knopf. Watching Washington Butterflies. 1974.Seattle Audubon Society. (text and photographs) - the first guide of its kind to use colour photographs taken exclusively in nature

Other contributions
Earth & Eros (foreword "The Earth Whispers and Croons"). 2015. White Cloud Press. Moral Ground: Ethical Action for a Planet in Peril (essay "Evening Falls on the Maladaptive Ape"). 2010. Trinity University Press.Home Ground: Language for an American Landscape (several entries). 2006. Trinity University Press. The Way of Natural History (essay "A Natural Histerrical Feller in an Unwondering Age"). 2010. Trinity University Press. Wild in the City (introduction "No vacancy" and chapter "Bright Butterflies, Big City.").2011. Oregon State University Press. Nature's Fading Chorus: Classic and Contemporary Writings on Amphibians (prologue "Reflections in a Golden Eye," and


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 chapter "Waterproof Wildlife.") 2000. Island Press. Facing the Lion: Writers on Life and Craft (essay "Secrets of the Talking Leaf"). 1996.Beacon Press. Words From the Land, Volume II (essay "A Grand Surprise"). 1995. University of Nevada Press. The Norton Book of Nature Writing (essay "And the Coyotes Will Lift A Leg"). 1990. Norton.Butterfly Gardening: Creating Summer Magic in Your Garden (afterword and chapter "Butterfly Watching Tips"). 1990; new edition, 1998. Xerces Society/Sierra Club Books. The Art of the Butterfly (afterword). 1990. Chronicle/Marquand. References

1947 births
Living people
American lepidopterists
American non-fiction environmental writers
John Burroughs Medal recipients
Writers from Washington (state)
Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies alumni
People from Wahkiakum County,


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<mask> is Professor Emerita of Management in the Mays Business School of Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. She also holds a joint appointment as a Research Professor in the Texas A&M School of Law. Dr. <mask> is an expert in the field of International Transfer Pricing, which is the pricing of products that move between subunits of Multinational Enterprises (MNEs). <mask> has more than 185 scholarly publications in the fields of international business, strategic management, international political economy and international economics. She has been identified as a prolific scholar in terms of number of publications in the top 45 high-impact business journals in 2010 and 2005-2015. She is listed as one of the Top 10% Female Economists, as of April 2015 by the Research Papers in Economics

<mask> is an author/editor of nine books, including Governance, Multinationals and Growth with Wendy Dobson, which was nominated for the  International Political Economy Group's Best Book Award in 2005. She also edited the book Multinationals in North America in 1994, which provided valuable insights into the activities of the Multinational Enterprises as they relate to the society.Her best known book is Taxing Multinationals: Transfer Pricing and Corporate Income Taxation in North America, published in 1998 by the University of Toronto Press. Taxing Multinationals, a seminal work in the field of transfer pricing, is a multidisciplinary study, which explains the basic motivations and structures of multinational enterprises, their trade patterns in the North American continent; introduces the fundamentals of corporate income taxation to build upon the concepts of international transfer pricing—including transfer pricing procedures in the United States and Canada, transfer pricing manipulation, and ways to effectively reform the tax transfer

masks:
Lorraine Eden
Eden
Eden
Eden


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 pricing policies. <mask> served as a departmental editor from 2003 to 2006 for the Journal of International Business Studies, the top-ranking academic journal in the field of international business. She served as the journal's editor-in-chief from July 2007 to December 2010. Since 2013, she has continued her involvement as a consulting editor. Education and career
<mask> completed her PhD in Economics with Distinction from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada. She was a student of and wrote her PhD dissertation - titled, "A Microeconomic Theory of Multinational Behavior Under Trade Barriers" - under noted economist, Carl Shoup when he arrived at Dalhousie University's Economics department in the capacity of a Senior Killam Fellow in 1974 after retiring from Columbia University.Her 1991 edited book, Retrospectives on Public Finance, was a collection of essays, which were presented at a conference in Ottawa in I989 in honor of Dr. Carl Shoup. <mask> served as an associate professor from 1988 to 1992 and full professor from 1992 to 1995 at the Norman Paterson School of International Affairs at the Carleton University. <mask> received a Pew Faculty Fellowship in International Affairs Case Teaching and Research from 1991 to 1992, and a Canada-US Fulbright Research Fellowship from 1992 to 1993 to teach at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. She joined the Mays Business School of Texas A&M University in 1995 as an associate professor, and has served as a full professor since 2002. <mask> has also held visiting professorships at Harvard University, University of Texas at Austin, University of Reading, and Ohio State University. <mask> is regularly consulted by major multinational corporations, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and government tax authorities in matters relating to international tax and

masks: Eden Eden Eden Eden Eden Eden


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 transfer pricing. In 2001, she helped the US Bureau of Labor Statistics in redesigning the US import and export price indexes; this was done to more precisely represent the intra-firm transactions of multinational enterprises.<mask> has founded several organizations and designed several innovative activities, including
 Canadian Women Economists Network (CWEN), a women's networking group in the Canadian Economics Association (founded in 1990). Active Learning in International Affairs (ALIAS), a section of the International Studies Association (received its ISA Charter in 1996). Women in the Academy of International Business (WAIB), a women's networking group in the Academy of International Business (founded in 2001). Codes of Ethics for the Journal of International Business Studies (2007) and for the Academy of International Business (2012). Transfer Pricing Aggies, a networking group for former students working in transfer pricing and related careers (founded in 2010). The Ethicist, a blog on professional ethics for the Academy of Management (founded in 2011). Publications

Books
 Multinationals and Transfer Pricing, was co-edited with A.M. Rugman, published by St. Martin's Press in 1985.336 pp. ()
 Retrospectives on Public Finance as part of the Fiscal Reform in the Developing World Series, ed. 1991, was published by Duke University Press. 409 pp. Multinationals in the Global Political Economy, was co-edited with Evan Potter,  published by Macmillan in London, St. Martin's Press in New York, and McClelland and Stewart in Toronto in 1993. 213 pp. ( )
 Multinationals in North America as part of the Industry Canada Research Series Volume, was published by University of Calgary Press in English and French in 1994 (Reprinted in 1996).662 pp. ()
 Taxing Multinationals: Transfer Pricing and Corporate Income Taxation in North America, was


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 published by University of Toronto Press in 1998. 757 pp. ()
 Governance, Multinationals and Growth, was co-edited with Wendy Dobson Cheltenham, published by Edward Elgar Publishing in 2005. 400 pp. ( )

Other publications
<mask> has also published more than 150 articles in various economics, accounting, business and management academic journals including the  International Trade Journal; Journal of International Management; Journal of International Business Studies; Canadian Journal of Economics; Academy of Management Review; Millennium; Public Finance/Finances Publiques; Asian Survey; Accounting, Organizations and Society; and, Academy of Management Journal amongst others. A complete list of her publications is available online.Awards and honors
 Member of the 2015 Task Force on Investment, E15 Initiative on Strengthening the Global Trading System, World Economic Forum and the International Commission on Trade and Sustainable Development, Geneva, CH. Gina and Anthony Bahr ’91 Professorship in Business, April 2015. Chosen for a two-year appointment as one of 25 members of the Research Advisory Network to the Global Commission on Internet Governance (GCIG), a joint project of Centre for International Governance Innovation and Chatham House, on the future of multi-stakeholder Internet governance, March 2014. John H. Dunning President's Award for outstanding service to the Academy of International Business and the field of international business, July 2012. Inaugural holder of the John H. Dunning Visiting Professorship, Henley Business School, University of Reading, Reading, UK, 2010–2011. Identified as the most prolific scholar in terms of number of publications in the top 45 high-impact business journals in 2010 (based on SSCI Journal Citation Reports). Founder's Recognition Award, Women in the Academy of International Business, 2007.


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 Who's Who in America - 2006, 60th Diamond Edition, Marquis, 2005
 Elected as a fellow of the Academy of International Business, May 2004.Founder, Women in the Academy of International Business (WAIB), 2001–2003; Past President 2003–2005. Vice president and program chair, Academy of International Business, Nov. 2000-August 2002.
 Who's Who in International Business Education and Research, 1999. Canada-US Fulbright Research Award at the Kennedy School of Harvard University, 1992–93. Pew Faculty Fellowship in International Affairs: The Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 1991–92. Vice-president, Canadian Economics Association, 1990–91. Elected to membership in International Institute of Public Finance, 1985. Personal life
<mask> was born in Canada and is a naturalized US citizen.She is a member of SODRAC and holds the copyrights to her father Garnet (Gary) Boyd's sheet music and song lyrics. <mask> is married to Dr. Charles F. Hermann and they have three children. Her brother David K.R. Boyd is a Canadian author of children's books. Recent work
Between 2007 and 2018, <mask> taught a graduate seminar on transfer pricing at Texas A&M University to nearly 350 graduate students, one-third of whom went on to launch careers in this field. Most of her former students are networked on LinkedIn as the Transfer Pricing Aggies. She consults on transfer pricing matters (especially controversy) through the Analysis Group.References

External links
Imf.org

 Books.google.com
Reuters.com

American women economists
Trade economists
Living people
Texas A&M University faculty
Writers from New Brunswick
People from St. Stephen, New Brunswick
Mount Allison University alumni
Dalhousie University alumni
People with acquired American citizenship
McGill University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Economists from Texas
21st-century

masks:
Lorraine Eden
Eden
Eden


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<mask> (born 17 November 1981 in Upton Park, Greater London) is an English-born Jamaican former professional footballer who played as a defender from 2001 to 2013. Having started his career with Charlton Athletic as a youngster, he transferred to Grimsby Town in 2001. He moved on to Bristol Rovers and Redbridge before establishing himself with Scottish Premier League side Kilmarnock where he remained for six years. He moved to Chesterfield in 2010 and was released after two seasons. He returned to Grimsby Town in the summer of 2012 but only made two appearances and was loaned out for a spell at AFC Telford United. He has also been capped three times by Jamaica. Club career

Charlton Athletic
Ford began his career at Charlton Athletic under Alan Curbishley and was promoted to the club's first-team squad in the 2000–01 season.But he found his first-team chances at The Valley halted and he was released from the London club in summer 2001 having never played a first-team match for the club. Grimsby Town
After leaving Charlton in 2001, he signed for Lennie Lawrence's Grimsby Town before the start of the 2001–02 season. <mask> made his professional debut on 21 August 2001 during a 2–1 victory over local rivals Lincoln City in the first round of the Football League Cup, coming on as a 79th-minute substitute for Ben Chapman. On 22 December 2001, he made his league debut in the club's Division One 0–0 away draw with Preston North End where he played from the start. The following week on 29 December 2001 <mask> scored his 1st goal for Grimsby with a header to give them a 2–1 lead against Portsmouth, after Peter Crouch had put Pompey 1–0 up with the game eventually finishing a 3–1 victory to the Mariners. <mask> would go on to make 16 appearances in all competitions during his first season at Blundell Park. During the 2002–03 season <mask> was favoured by new manager Paul Groves and took his

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Simon Gary Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
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 chance in the first team when injury had sidelined new signing Steve Chettle earlier that season.<mask>, who regularly partnered Georges Santos at the back, would go on to make 40 appearances that season. Despite <mask>'s surge into the first team the club were relegated but his consistent performances had drawn some interest from fellow Division One sides Bradford City and Wolverhampton Wanderers. But no transfer ever materialised. During the 2003–04 season <mask> fell out of contention within the club to the preferred pairing of Tony Crane and Mike Edwards. Despite being a valued player only a year before, <mask>'s contract was not renewed when it expired in summer 2004 and he departed Grimsby in August 2004. He made 84 appearances in all competitions for the club and scored four goals. Bristol Rovers and Redbridge
<mask> quickly joined Bristol Rovers on a non-contract basis before the start of the 2004–05 season, but manager Ian Atkins allowed him to leave the club without playing a game only a couple of weeks into his stay.Shortly after his brief stint in Bristol, <mask> signed professional terms for Conference South side Redbridge who were placed three levels below the last league he played in for Grimsby. <mask> played in only one match for the club before he was approached by Scottish Premier League side Kilmarnock who were naturally given permission by Redbridge to talk to the player. Kilmarnock
He had to initially sign for Kilmarnock as an amateur because he had signed professionally for Redbridge shortly beforehand. <mask> was paid for commercial and marketing work while playing as an amateur. On 27 December 2004 <mask> scored in the 3–1 victory against Dundee on 38 minutes, a left-wing free-kick from Garry Hay found <mask> unmarked, he rose to power home his first goal for the club. He then signed as a professional in January 2005. He had been a regular since arriving in

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 October 2004, but in March 2005 it was stated he had to undergo a double hernia operation, that will rule him out until the following season.On 15 October 2005 he scored the opening goal on 7 minutes in the 4–2 defeat at Hibernian, after Gordon Greer flicked the ball to <mask>, goalkeeper Zbigniew Malkowski had little chance as the header went in from close range. After missing the following two games through injury, on 29 October 2005 he made it 1–1 against Aberdeen when Kris Boyd's low drive could not be held by goalkeeper Ryan Esson and Ford headed in the rebound, the game finishing 4–2 to Kilmarnock. <mask> damaged his medial ligament and cartilage in April 2006 and faced over four months on the sidelines, assistant manager Billy Brown said "It's a major blow for the lad and club. He's been terrific." He was due to have a hip operation in the summer but had to wait until the knee had begun to heal. He eventually returned in October 2006. <mask> went on to make 144 league appearances in a six-year stay with Killie, where he scored six times.Chesterfield
Ford signed for Chesterfield under freedom of contract in June 2010 and is trying to successfully replace the recently departed Kevin Austin, in defence, who has been released by Chesterfield. On 21 August 2010 he scored the 4th goal on 62 minutes in the 4–0 thrashing of Hereford United, Danny Whitaker whipped in a corner and picked out <mask> and the defender powered a header into the net. <mask> was part of the 2011–12 side that beat Swindon Town 2–0 in the Football League Trophy final on 25 March 2012, he hit the crossbar on 8 minutes with striker Jack Lester hitting in the rebound, only to be ruled out for offside. He was released by the club at the end of the 2011–12 season. Return to Grimsby Town
10 seasons on since Grimsby and Ford suffered relegation from what is now the Football League Championship, <mask> returned to

masks: Ford Ford Ford Ford Ford Ford


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 Grimsby Town on 28 July 2012 on a trial basis and played in the club's pre-season friendly against Barton Town Old Boys. Three days later he signed a one-year contract. Despite dropping out of the professional game for the first time in his career, <mask> struggled to hold down a place back at Blundell Park.On 27 February 2013, after failing to make a single appearance all season and failing to dislodge the likes of Shaun Pearson, Ian Miller and Nathan Pond from the first team, <mask> was loaned out to fellow Conference side AFC Telford United until the end of the 2012–13 season. <mask> was recalled to Grimsby on 10 April 2013 after injuries to both Shaun Pearson and Ian Miller. He played 6 times for Telford with the club also being relegated from the Conference National during that time. <mask> made his second debut for The Mariners in the club's 1–1 draw at Luton Town on 12 April 2013. <mask> played one more game for the club but wasn't used in Town's unsuccessful play-off campaign. He was released on 2 May 2013.

International career
<mask> has represented Jamaica three times against Trinidad and Tobago, St Vincent and Grenada

Personal life
He is former Rangers and Liverpool winger Mark Walters's nephew. Honours
Grimsby Town
Supporters Young Player of the Year: 2002

Chesterfield
Football League Two Champions, Promoted: 2010–11
Football League Trophy Champions: 2011–12

References

External links

1981 births
Living people
Association football defenders
Jamaican footballers
Jamaica international footballers
Charlton Athletic F.C.players
Grimsby Town F.C. players
Bristol Rovers F.C. players
Redbridge F.C. players
Kilmarnock F.C. players
Chesterfield F.C. players
AFC Telford United players
English Football League players
Scottish Premier League players
National League (English football) players
Black British sportspeople
English people of Jamaican descent
Footballers from Upton


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<mask> (born March 18, 1951) is an American lawyer, author and judge. He has served as a family court circuit judge in Fayette County, Kentucky, since 2004 and his present term expires in January 2023. He previously served as a Republican member of the Kentucky Senate from 1993 to 1998 and as the president of Christian Business Men's Connection from 1996 to 2003. As a judge, <mask> has been criticized for making controversial statements about LGBT people but also defended as not allowing his social views to influence his judicial decisions. <mask> is also an author, his most-recent book being a well-received semi-autobiographical novel drawing on cases he has heard and his experiences as a judge, explored from his socially conservative Methodist perspective. Early life
<mask>, the son of Ford and <mask>, is a lifelong resident of Lexington, Kentucky. His father was a minister in the United Methodist Church and the producer of The Story, the first religious television program broadcast in color.In 1971, <mask> married Susan Davis, a nurse and the daughter of Methodist missionaries who was raised in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in Africa. <mask> received his Bachelor of Science degree in history in 1974 and his Juris Doctor in 1977, both from the University of Kentucky. As a trial lawyer, <mask> specialized in employment law, family law and civil rights cases; in 1989, he won Fayette County's first million dollar verdict. He joined the Christian Business Men's Connection (later renamed CBMC), an international evangelical Christian mission organization with the mission to "evangelize and disciple business and professional men for Christ" in 1978. He served as the president of CBMC International from July 1996 to September 2003. Political career
<mask> served as a Republican Party State Senator for Fayette, Kentucky, from January 1991 to December 1998. The Lexington Herald Leader, while frequently disagreeing with <mask>'s

masks:
Timothy Neil Philpot
Philpot
Philpot
Philpot
Virginia Philpot
Philpot
Philpot
Philpot
Philpot
Philpot


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 positions, described him as "one of the ten best" legislators in 1992, writing that "there should be room on the list for 'a man with a conscience.'"On issues of ethics, the paper called him "a lone voice crying in the wilderness." <mask> is staunchly conservative in social policy areas, described at times as "crazy" by opponents and regularly "the subject of editorial cartoons for his stances against abortion and pornography and his sermons on the floor of the General Assembly." In 2012, <mask> admitted to disappointment at no longer being a radical: "No one calls me 'crazy' anymore ... I have never been arrested. I am now a respected member of the community." Judicial career
In the November 2003 elections, Pilpot ran for the position of circuit judge in the fourth division of the Kentucky Circuit Courts, losing to Pamela R. Goodwine 53% to 47%. Governor Ernie Fletcher appointed him to a family court position in the Kentucky first division from January 2004; he retained this position in the 2004 elections, defeating J."Ross" Stinetorf 56% to 44%. <mask> was re-elected unopposed in 2006, and again in 2014. Under section 116 of the Constitution of Kentucky, circuit justices terms begin on the first Monday in January following their election and run for eight years; consequently, <mask>'s present term will end on Sunday, January 1, 2023. A controversy arose in relation to funding for <mask>'s 2004 re-election bid. <mask> accepted a donation of $1,000 from an attorney who was before him in a divorce case; the donor had also planned to host a fundraiser at his home. Kentucky law places no restrictions on donations to judicial election campaigns from attorneys, but questions of bias arose and the issue ended up before the Kentucky Supreme Court after <mask> declined to recuse himself from the case. The Court ruled there was insufficient evidence of bias, and <mask> declared that the funding system may need to change but that it's not "fair

masks: Philpot Philpot Philpot Philpot Philpot Philpot Philpot Philpot


texts: to make me the poster boy for a bad system."<mask> has expressed controversial views on LGBT issues, including as an outspoken critic of the legalization of same-sex marriage. Following the 2013 decisions in Hollingsworth v. Perry (which had the effect of legalizing same-sex marriage in California by upholding the overturning of Proposition 8) and United States v. Windsor (which invalidated parts of the Defense of Marriage Act and forced the U.S. federal government to recognize same-sex marriages that were legal under state law), <mask> wrote an opinion editorial explaining that Kentucky state law was unaffected by the decisions. <mask>'s conclusion was that "Kentucky's constitution defines marriage as one man and one woman. Simple and traditional. Kentucky's definition of marriage stands – for now." This was criticized heavily on two grounds. Then-retired Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky Jennifer Coffman, who was Kentucky's first female federal judge, wrote a highly critical opinion editorial responding to <mask>.She noted that "<mask> took several risks, not the least of which is that he could be wrong" as the "DOMA ruling's effect in Kentucky rests with the courts which consider the matter" (i.e. Federal Courts), though subsequent events have rendered this moot. Further, "the possibility that a case involving these issues could arise in <mask>'s court underscores the primary error of his column: he has undermined his own judicial integrity. If squarely presented with the issue of the DOMA ruling's effect in Kentucky, he might have to disqualify himself from the case because he has stated his opinion on that topic." Coffman also criticized <mask> for dismissing principles of judicial interpretation as "boring and technical" and for ridiculing judicial review with his observation that then-Chief Judge Vaughn Walker's declaration in the first instance that Proposition 8 was

masks: Philpot Philpot Philpot Philpot Philpot Philpot Philpot


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 unconstitutional was: "One trial judge trumped every voter in California" – and for gratuitously mentioning Walker's sexuality. Coffman concluded that "<mask> might have foreclosed his ability to sit on any case involving gay marriage because his comments raise a question of bias on the topic of sexual orientation." <mask> made further controversial comments after the 2015 decision in Obergefell v. Hodges, legalizing gay marriage throughout the United States.<mask> described gay marriage as an oxymoron, the Supreme Court's decision as "pretty close to insane," and described homosexual relationships as "sterile" and "just entertainment." He also described homosexuality as a choice, saying that children now have "got to decide which gender to date"; this matches his previously expressed views that the gay lifestyle is a "destructive lifestyle" and that it is a "behavior, it's not genetic." LGBT rights advocates challenged these views as showing a "fundamental misunderstanding of what it means to be LGBT" and as evidence of a "deep disrespect for LGBT people and their families." Judges have a First Amendment right to express their views so long as they do not influence their decisions. <mask> has presided over many cases with LGBT people and lawyers who have been involved report that he does not base his decisions on a litigant's sexuality. Speaking of his religious views, <mask> has stated that "I don't mention Jesus inside the courthouse very much, even when I know he is absolutely the only answer to the problem in front of me." <mask> has also stated that "half the adoptions I do are for gay people.And they're not bad people," and that he loves homosexuals. <mask> regrets, however, that friendships between straight men are affected as they are unable to hug in the way they used to, and that the rainbow, a symbol from the Bible, had been "stolen" – and he plans to put a rainbow on the back of his car. Writing
As a family court judge,


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 <mask> has presided over a considerable number of cases involving relationship breakdown, which often end in a divorce on the grounds of a marriage being "irretrievably broken." Believing that many of these marriages were salvageable, <mask> has written a novel, Judge Z: Irretrievably Broken, which he describes as "a fictional account about the death of marriage in the American culture ... [t]he book is both autobiographical and pedagogical." The plot borrows heavily from cases which <mask> has heard, and is described as engaging and well-written whilst reflecting <mask>'s socially conservative Methodist perspective. Like in his previous book, the autobiographical aspects of the book are evident: the central character is a family court judge in Kentucky, loves playing golf (<mask> was a skilled amateur golfer), and has a father who overcame a drinking issue with the help and support of his wife (just as did <mask>'s parents). His self-view is also reflected in the name of the judge in the novel, Zenas; Zenas being one of disciples of Jesus and the only lawyer named in the Bible.The pedagogical aspect is the exploration of whether some marriages are truly irretrievably broken, exploring the social consequences of single parent families and unstable environments for children and explores marriage from a Christian perspective, seeing marriage as "the Biblical analogy for God's love." Publications
 Ford's Wonderful World of Golf (2013) – described by <mask> as "a tribute and memoir to his evangelist father, <mask>, whose passion for golf was only exceeded by his love for proclaiming the Gospel of Jesus Christ." Judge Z: Irretrievably Broken (2016)

References

1951 births
Living people
Kentucky lawyers
21st-century American judges
Politicians from Lexington, Kentucky
University of Kentucky alumni
University of Kentucky College of Law alumni
Evangelicalism in Kentucky
Kentucky state court judges
Kentucky state senators
Kentucky

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Ford Philpot


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<mask> (August 7, 1927 – May 6, 2003) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for 12 seasons in the American League with the Detroit Tigers, Cleveland Indians and Baltimore Orioles. In 325 career games, <mask> pitched 1,555 innings and posted a win-loss record of 87–91, with 78 complete games, 14 shutouts, and a 4.14 earned run average (ERA). Known on the sandlot for his pitching motion, <mask> was signed by scout Wish Egan in 1945 at 17 years of age. He was recruited by major league teams, and joined a Tigers pitching staff that had lost players to injuries and World War II. After moving between the major and minor leagues over the next few years, he was nearly killed in an automobile accident just before the 1949 season. <mask> rebounded from his injuries and went on to win 15 games that season and made his only All-Star appearance in the following year. He played three more seasons with the Tigers, then was sold to Cleveland, where he pitched for the pennant-winning Indians during their 1954 season.After losing his starting job, he played two more seasons with the Indians before he was bought by the Orioles, and he finished his final season in Major League Baseball with them. <mask> ended his baseball career in the minor leagues and became a sales executive in Detroit. In 2003, <mask> died at the age of 75. Early life
<mask> was born in Detroit, Michigan, on August 7, 1927. He was a second-generation American citizen; his grandfather Joseph had emigrated from Belgium. The only son born to the <mask> family, <mask>'s father, also named <mask>, vowed that his son would become a major league

masks:
Arthur Joseph Houtteman
Houtteman
Houtteman
Houtteman
Houtteman
Houtteman
Art Houtteman
Houtteman
Art
Arthur


texts:
 player by the time he turned 17. <mask> played baseball at Detroit Catholic Central High School, where his pitching caught the attention of baseball scout Wish Egan, who praised Houtteman's "perfect pitching motion".<mask> was signed by the Detroit Tigers late in 1944 and began to practice with the Tigers in spring training before the 1945 season along with fellow Detroit sandlot player Billy Pierce. He spent most of the 1945 season playing for Detroit's top minor league affiliate, the Buffalo Bisons. But injuries plagued the Tigers' pitching staff, and the 17-year-old <mask> was called up by the parent club and began his major league career. Detroit Tigers

Hard Luck Houtteman
Due to Tiger pitching injuries, and with many top players still in the military late in World War II (<mask> was too young for the draft), he made his major league debut on April 29. At 17 years old, he was the youngest player in the American League in the 1945 season before being optioned back to Buffalo, where on June 20 he threw seven no-hit innings, facing only 22 batters in the process, but lost the game 2–0 in extra innings. He also appeared in 13 games as a relief pitcher, and finished his minor league season with no wins, two losses and an ERA of 5.33 in just over 25 innings pitched. <mask> was the youngest major leaguer in 1946 but played only one game for the Tigers that season, allowing eight runs and fifteen hits in eight innings.He spent most of 1946 in the minor leagues, finished at 16–13 and led the league in strikeouts. At the end of the season, <mask> was named by six of the eight International League managers as the top pitching

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texts: prospect in the league, leading the league in strikeouts with 150, pitching over 200 innings, finishing second in victories with 16, and amassing an 11–2 road record. Minor league third baseman Johnny Bero liked Houtteman's fielding ability so much that he called him "a fifth infielder." Despite his newfound top prospect status <mask> remained in Buffalo at the beginning of the 1947 season before being recalled to the Tigers in July. He was relegated to the bullpen for a time, and saw little action. But after Hal Newhouser, Fred Hutchinson and Dizzy Trout were used in two days, Tiger manager Steve O'Neill decided to start <mask> against the Washington Senators for only the second start of his career. He tossed a five-hit shutout and Tiger general manager Billy Evans said, "In 40 years I've never seen a better pitching job by a first-year pitcher.We now know that <mask> is really a big leaguer". He followed this with another five-hit victory against the Boston Red Sox, then pitched a three-hit shutout in September against the St. Louis Browns. He finished the season at 7–2 with a 3.42 ERA, seven complete games and two shutouts. His performance in 1947 caught the attention of New York Yankees star and future Hall of Famer Joe DiMaggio, who said of <mask> and Bob Lemon, "They have more stuff and more pitching sense than any other young fellows I've seen come up in a long while". The 1948 season began with <mask> in the starting rotation. Things started off poorly, however, as <mask> lost his first eight decisions. Two of the first five losses, though, were by one run, and he had little run support.The 0–8 start and lack of run


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 support led to his being called "Hard Luck Houtteman" in the media. His first victory that year came against the Senators, in which he also drove in the winning run. After winning his next start, he defeated the Philadelphia Athletics allowing only five hits, and avoided another loss. But he then lost eight more games and finished the season at 2–16. His teammates and the media attributed this to bad luck rather than bad pitching, and still regarded him as a prime prospect. Newhouser said, "The kid has had nothing but bad luck since the season opened", while Fred Hutchinson said, "He shouldn't have lost more than three or four games had he gotten an even break". But his 4.66 ERA was only 0.06 higher than the major league average.As 1949 spring training began, <mask> was nearly killed. In Lakeland, Florida on March 10, while driving home from Florida Southern College, he crashed into a fruit truck fracturing his skull. Originally listed in critical condition (a priest stood by to administer the last rites in extremis), he recovered rapidly and was able to talk with his teammates two days after the accident, telling them, "I'll be able to pitch sooner than you". Within two weeks, the Tigers were optimistic that <mask> would be able to play again by June. As a result of the injuries to <mask> and Yankee star catcher Yogi Berra due to car accidents, Cleveland Indians playing manager Lou Boudreau banned his players from driving, forcing the soon-to-be world champions to ride chartered buses to exhibition games. Ace of the staff
<mask> marked his return to the Tigers' rotation on May 21, 1949, but he lost his first three decisions.

masks: Houtteman Houtteman Houtteman Houtteman


texts: His performance improved, however, as he began to earn more victories in the 1949 season.These wins included a five-hit 2–1 victory over the New York Yankees on July 23. Over the course of the season, <mask> beat each American League club at least once and beat the Yankees and Red Sox three times. He finished the season with a 15–10 record, a 3.71 ERA, 13 complete games, and two shutouts. He was placed in most valuable player (MVP) voting, and received three points and finished tied for 22nd with teammate Virgil Trucks. The Philadelphia Sports Writers Association honored him as the year's "Most Courageous Athlete" because of his injury and comeback. As the 1950 season started, <mask> was on a high note, pitching all of spring training without allowing a walk. He won his tenth game of the season on June 28, 1950, and became the first pitcher to hit the 10-win mark alongside Bob Lemon.After the game, he told an Associated Press reporter that he was just about convinced that Lady Luck had decided to give him a break after kicking him around for the past two or three years. <mask> said, "I've been having a pretty good year and it sure feels good after some of the things that have happened to me". A week into July, <mask> notched his eleventh victory, and only lost five games, in a 6–1 win against the St. Louis Browns. Just a few days later, <mask> was named to the All-Star roster alongside fellow Tigers including Ted Gray, George Kell and Hoot Evers. In the 1950 All-Star game, <mask> pitched three innings and batted once. He allowed one earned run, three hits, and one walk, his one earned run coming in the ninth inning on a Ralph


texts:
 Kiner home run that made the game go to extra innings. <mask> continued his successful season in the second half.On August 19, he faced the Browns and pitched a one-hitter, and faced the minimum 27 batters in the process. <mask> ended the season just short of Ted Gray's prediction of 20 victories, and finished the season with a 19–12 record. He led the league in shutouts with four and was second in games started with 34, second in innings pitched with 274.2, third in wins, and third in complete games with 21. His ERA of 3.54 was good for fifth in the American League. He also earned six points in MVP voting, and finished tied for 24th. On October 2, the day after the 1950 season ended, <mask> married Shelagh Marie Kelly. They met in New York's Catskill Mountains at Grossinger's Resort.Military and return to Tigers
Before the start of the 1951 season, <mask> was drafted into the United States Army. He had originally been classified 4F, or medically ineligible for the draft, because of a high school knee injury, and he felt that he was drafted only because he was a prominent athlete. He served in the heavy weapons division of the Army, where the roar of the big guns sent pains throbbing through <mask>'s head and gave him severe headaches, which doctors believed was a lingering effect of the skull fracture three years earlier. As a result, the Army reclassified <mask> as not fully qualified for combat duty. This led to a medical discharge on September 15, 1951. Speaking of his time in the Army, <mask> said, "I spent most of my time in the Army hospital. I did play a little ball at Camp Pickett", Virginia.When he returned to the

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texts: Tigers for spring training in 1952, Tigers' manager Red Rolfe noted, "<mask> could be our best pitcher. He's the slump-breaking type, a guy who can throw a shutout once in a while". After a poor season without <mask> in 1951, Rolfe predicted, "We'll be back in the first division this season because <mask> is back. Houtteman makes us at least a dozen games better than [last year's Tigers' team]". <mask> worked out in Detroit with pitcher Ted Gray over the winter before the 1952 season. Before the season started, <mask> said, "It all depends on how I get off. I'm anxious to get into the season.My arm doesn't feel any different than it did in '50. I hope I can do even better than my last year". <mask> also took number 21 on his uniform, the number he had when he first arrived with the Tigers, because he felt that it had given both him and teammate George Kell, who won a batting title with the number, good luck. It appeared that "Hard Luck Houtteman" had returned as the 1952 season began. On April 2, 1952, just before the season started, <mask> lost his seven-month-old daughter in an automobile accident. In an April 26 matchup against the Cleveland Indians, with two outs in the bottom of the ninth, <mask> was one out away from a no-hitter when he threw a fastball that was "supposed to sink" but did not, which Harry hit for a single. <mask> said, "This was the only pitch I shook Ginsberg off the whole game", and for years afterwards, catcher Joe Ginsberg repeatedly said to <mask>, "If you'd listened to me, I'd have you in the Hall of Fame".Detroit won the game by a score of 13–0. After losing his tenth game on June 22, manager Red

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 Rolfe moved <mask> out of the starting rotation and into the bullpen. He finished the year with an 8–20 record and a 4.36 ERA. His 20th loss came on September 21 against the Indians, and he became the first Tiger to lose 20 games since Bobo Newsom in 1941. His disappointing season led to the possibility of a trade, with general manager Charlie Gehringer acknowledging that <mask> might be traded if the right offer came along. <mask> spent the offseason selling cars and making public appearances for the Detroit Tigers. During the 1953 season there were rumors of possible trades for <mask>, with the Yankees proposing the possibility of trading Hank Bauer, an infielder, and Gil McDougald for Houtteman.Gehringer said of <mask>'s high trading price, "<mask> has always had good stuff—much too good to be a 20-game loser". That season, he was used as both a starter and reliever during the season. However, he lost six straight decisions, and by the middle of June had a 2–6 record and a 5.90 ERA. Cleveland Indians
On June 15, 1953, <mask> was traded by the Tigers, along with Owen Friend, Joe Ginsberg and Bill Wight, to the Cleveland Indians for Ray Boone, Al Aber, Steve Gromek and Dick Weik. In July 1953, he returned to Detroit to pitch against the Tigers. At the time, <mask> admitted he wanted to be traded. He said, "The fans are down on me and I'd do everybody a lot more good by being traded".He was not content with the Tigers and said there were times when it seemed he "couldn't wait to peel off his uniform after a game". As a result of Indians' pitching coach Mel Harder doing a "complete" overhaul, <mask> was moved into the starting

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texts: rotation, to replace Bob Feller. <mask> finished the season in Cleveland with a 7–7 record, six complete games, one shutout, 109 innings pitched, and a 3.80 ERA. At the start of the 1954 season, <mask>'s second daughter, Hollis Ann, was born on February 22. His pitching continued to improve under Mel Harder, who "got me to quit experimenting and to seek my natural delivery". The Indians used him when they could, especially in extra inning affairs. In the Indians' first six extra inning games, <mask> was used three times.As a result, <mask> finished the season with a career-high 11 complete games. The Indians also began to use <mask> and Feller for doubleheaders with great success, as they had a 9–1 record after their first five doubleheaders. <mask> finished the season with a 15–7 record, a 3.35 ERA, and 188 innings pitched. In the 1954 World Series with the Indians, he pitched two innings in Game 3 against the New York Giants, allowing one run and striking out one batter. The 1955 season originally planned to use <mask> as the number four pitcher on the starting rotation, as he had been the previous year. He saw himself remaining the fourth starter, and said, "Herb Score won't beat me out of the fourth starting job with the Indians" on April 11. However, he became a spot starter, as he lost his starting position to Score, the "most talked-about rookie in all the major league training camps".He split starting time with Bob Feller and finished the season with a 10–6 record, a 3.98 ERA, and three complete games. On December 29, 1955, <mask>'s first son, Jeff, was born with assistance from National Football League player Leon

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 Hart, who was visiting Houtteman and helped deliver the baby. <mask> remained a reliever during the 1956 season. He continued to get trade offers in 1956, though, as the Chicago White Sox were willing to trade outfielder Jim Rivera for him. A three-team, nine-player deal involving <mask> again becoming part of the White Sox along with George Strickland was also scrapped at the last second. <mask> finished the 1956 season having only made 22 appearances on the mound, earning a 2–2 record. However, he had a high ERA of 6.56, his highest since 1946, when he made one appearance.As the 1957 season neared, tension was running high. There was talk about <mask>'s being "in the doghouse", or out of favor with the team's management, during the 1956 season due to his lack of starts. According to sportswriter Hal Lebovitz, this was a result of the starting five for the Indians, including spot starter Feller, pitching very well during spring training. <mask> was again brought up in trade rumors, along with Mike Garcia, since the Indians were loaded with pitching talent. When manager Al López was replaced by Kerby Farrell, <mask> did, in fact, land in Farrell's doghouse. Farrell called him out front of his teammates after a poor performance in spring training. <mask> pitched only four innings in three games for the Indians in 1957.Baltimore Orioles and minor leagues
<mask> was put on the trading block before the 1957 season, but he drew no serious offers because Cleveland seemed desperate to trade him. On May 20, after playing three games for the Indians, <mask> was sold to the Baltimore Orioles for an undisclosed amount. Hal Lebovitz called

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 <mask> "a pitcher of considerable promise but who somehow has yet to cash in on it", despite the fact that he was in his 12th and final major league season. During the 1957 season, <mask> made four relief appearances before he was demoted to the Vancouver Mounties of the Pacific Coast League. He was brought back up to the major league roster to pitch on September 22, the final start of his major league career. In his final game, he pitched  innings, allowing three runs on seven hits and throwing two strikeouts. Just before the 1958 season began, <mask> was cut by the Orioles, ending his major league career.Shortly after being cut, he signed on with the Charleston Senators, a farm club of the Tigers. He had a 3.25 ERA and a 7–9 record for the Senators at the end of the 1958 season. In 1959, the Kansas City Athletics decided to give him a tryout. However, despite what was described as an "impressive" performance, they cut <mask> as they were looking for more youthful arms. <mask> signed with the Portland Beavers of the Pacific Coast League, and posted a 6–9 record with an ERA of 3.69 for the season. After the season ended, and after a third daughter, Sharon, was born in 1959, <mask> announced his retirement from baseball at the age of 32. Later life
After retiring from professional baseball, <mask> kept baseball a part of his life and became a sports reporter for a television station in Detroit for a time.He later became a sales executive with Paragon Steel in Detroit, where he worked until reaching the age of retirement. He was in attendance for the last game at Tiger Stadium in 1999. <mask> died on May 6, 2003, at the age of


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 75, of an apparent heart attack at his home in Rochester Hills, Michigan. References

External links

BaseballLibrary – career highlights
Baseball Almanac

1927 births
2003 deaths
Major League Baseball pitchers
Baltimore Orioles players
Cleveland Indians players
Detroit Tigers players
American League All-Stars
Baseball players from Detroit
United States Army soldiers
American people of Belgian descent
Detroit Catholic Central High School


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<mask> (; born 23 July 1944) is a Portuguese classical pianist, widely considered to be one of the best interpreters of Mozart and Beethoven. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Lisbon, Portugal, a posthumous daughter of <mask> and his wife Alzira dos Santos Alexandre Barbosa. She has three siblings: <mask>, <mask> and <mask>. Her first recital was at the age of five, and at the age of seven she was already playing Mozart piano concertos publicly. Two years later she received Portugal's top prize for young musicians. In the following years, she studied with Campos Coelho at the Lisbon Conservatory, taking courses in composition, theory, and history of music. She continued her studies in Germany, first in the Musikakademie of Munich with Rosl Schmidt and then in Hanover with Karl Engel.Career
International fame came in 1970, when she won the Beethoven Bicentennial Competition in Brussels. Subsequently, she performed with major orchestras in Europe, America, Canada, Israel and Japan, interpreting works by Bach, Beethoven, Schumann, Schubert, Mozart, Brahms, Chopin and other classical and romantic composers. Her professionalism achieved worldwide recognition when a film (from 1999) was drawn to the attention of the press and went viral in 2013. At the start of a lunchtime concert in Amsterdam, she realised that she had rehearsed for a different Mozart concerto from the one the orchestra had started playing; quickly recovering, she played the correct concerto from memory. <mask> performed at the BBC Proms in 2010. In an interview beforehand, she said that after 60 years of recitals and concerts she had cut back

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Pires
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Hugo Alexandre Barbosa Pires
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 her performances but was non-committal about retirement. From 2012 to 2016, she was a Master in Residence at the Queen Elisabeth Music Chapel in Waterloo, Belgium, where she gave piano lessons and master classes to young talented pianists from all over the world.To foster young musicians, she launched the Partitura Project. In 2017, she announced her retirement from the stage and tours for 2018, but she continued giving concerts. On February 20, 2019 she was awarded with a Doctorate Honorary Degree by Pompeu Fabra University of Barcelona. Recordings
Pires performs as a solo artist and in chamber music. Her many successful recordings include performances of the Moonlight and other sonatas by Beethoven, Le Voyage Magnifique (the complete impromptus of Schubert), nocturnes and other works by Chopin, and Mozart trios with Augustin Dumay (violin) and Jian Wang (cello). She won the Pessoa Prize in 1989, and founded the Belgais Centre for Study of the Arts in 1999. Gramophone selected her recordings of the Chopin nocturnes as the best version available: "I have no hesitation in declaring <mask> <mask>—a pianist without a trace of narcissism—among the most eloquent master-musicians of our time."(Bryce Morrison). Another of her acclaimed recordings is Mozart: The Piano Sonatas. According to the Penguin Guide, "<mask> <mask> is a stylist and a fine Mozartian. She is always refined yet never wanting in classical feeling, and she has a vital imagination. She strikes an ideal balance between poise and expressive sensibility, conveying a sense of spontaneity in everything she does." Partial discography

 Chopin, Schubert, Mozart

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 etc. : Complete Concerto Recordings on Deutsche Grammophon 2014
 Chopin, Schubert, Mozart etc.: Complete Solo Recordings on Deutsche Grammophon 2014
 Mozart: Lieder and Arias [Accompanist to Barbara Hendricks] [EMI]
 Mozart: Piano Sonatas Complete (Denon)
 Beethoven: Piano Concertos 3 & 4 (2014, Onyx Classics)
 Mozart; Fantasies KV 397-KV475, Rondos KV485-KV511 (Denon BB-7009) 1974
 Mozart: Piano Concertos 14, 17, 21, & 26 (2013, Deutsche Grammophon)
 Schubert (2013, Deutsche Grammophon)
 Chopin (2008, Deutsche Grammophon)
 Beethoven: Piano Sonatas (2001, Erato)
 Schumann: Piano Concerto, Piano Quintet (2000, Deutsche Grammophon)
 Chopin: Piano Concertos 1 & 2 (1999, Erato)
 Franck, Debussy: Violin Sonatas; Ravel: Berceuse; Habanera; Tzigane (1996, Deutsche Grammophon)
 Mozart: Piano Sonatas K. 281, K. 282, K. 533/K. 494 (1993, Deutsche Grammophon)
 Mozart: Piano Sonatas K. 331 & 457; Fantasias K. 397 & 475 (1990, Deutsche Grammophon)
 Schubert: Sonata; 6 Moments Musicaux; 2 Scherzi (1989, Deutsche Grammophon)
 Mozart: The Great Concertos for Piano (1978, Erato)

Move to Brazil
In 2006 she moved to Lauro de Freitas—a town near Salvador, Brazil—and continued performing. At the time of her move, she commented that she had suffered much adverse publicity in Portugal due to her Belgais Centre project to help tackle the significant problem of underprivileged children, a project that the Portuguese Government helped to fund but publicly shied away from. The centre continued to operate at her farm in Portugal and she subsequently started similar projects in Brazil. In 2017, she moved back to Belgais, in Portugal. Social


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 engagement
"It is in response to this issue that <mask> Pires launched the Partitura project. It is all about creating favourable circumstances for transmission by encouraging reciprocal listening between generations: inciting well-known musicians to foster young musicians and to invite them (as the name suggests) to share the concert platform".Honours and Awards

Honours

  Dame of the Order of Saint James of the Sword  (9 August 1983)
  Commander of the Order of Prince Henry (9 June 1989)
  Grand Cross of the Order of Saint James of the Sword  (9 June 1998)
  Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Henry (19 May 2019)
Honorary doctorate (Doctor Honoris Causa), Pompeu Fabra University of Barcelona (20 February 2019)

References
Notes

Sources
Belgais Centre
Deutsche Grammophon Biography
Interview with <mask> <mask>, May 24, 2012
Interview in London Evening Standard, 2010

External links
Interview with <mask> <mask>, March 25, 1991

Portuguese classical pianists
Child classical musicians
Deutsche Grammophon artists
Portuguese expatriates in Brazil
Musicians from Lisbon
1944 births
Living people
Pessoa Prize winners
Women classical pianists
21st-century classical pianists
21st-century women musicians
Erato Records

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Justice S.B<mask> C.B.E. (1890-1951) was one of the founding fathers of both the Nigerian Judiciary as well as the Executive arm of government. On 8 November 1945, he was the second indigenous judge appointed in to the Nigerian Judiciary, the first being Justice Jibowu and the third being Justice Adetokunbo Ademola. As a pioneer Judge,He contributed immensely to the development of Nigerian case law, by adapting the principles of the English common law, in their practical content, to the Nigerian environment. In 1943 he served on the Executive council of Governor Sir Bernard H. Bourdillon;  Prior to this, no African had participated directly in policy formulation at the central executive level in Nigeria. He also served on the legislative council representing the Rivers division prior to his appointment to the Executive council.Career

Prior to Joining the legislative council S.<mask> had been called to the bar and was a practicing lawyer. On 21 January 1942, <mask>  was nominated as an unofficial member of the Legislative council of Nigeria, . just before the Richards constitution came in to force. He had represented various interests in the legislative council between 1933- 1943 representing the Rivers division. He was sometimes characterised as a Nationalist. In council, he pushed for the nationalisation of all Nigerian industries. He also pushed for more autonomy for the native courts in relation to the firm grip used by the executive, through administrative officers, to control the Native courts.He asserted that the native courts were the most unsatisfactory aspect of the judicial reform of 1933, and  called for a reconsideration of the Native Courts Ordinance in November 1937. Executive council
On 23 September 1942, King George

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texts: VI gave directions for the appointment of <mask> <mask>, Esq.to be appointed as a member of the Executive Council of Nigeria. Prior to this appointment,no African had participated directly in policy formulation at the central executive level. Before the World War II the educated elements, with few exceptions, were excluded not only from the central government but also from the native administration of local government. The total exclusion of Nigerians from this policy-making body was one of the sharpest criticisms that the Nigerian political leaders leveled against the Legislative and Executive system of colonial administration in the period between the two world wars. Three were elected from the township of Lagos and one from calabar, by an electorate composed of the wealthier members of the communities . All the elected and appointed African members came from the educated class ( five clergy men, six lawyers one journalist, one wealthy trader, and one district chief from the cameroons) yet only two of them both elected from Lagos, would have been considered nationalist minded at the time they served, and they were all repudiated by postwar nationalist.Two educated Africans ( Sir Adeyemo Alakija and Justice S.B.<mask>) were appointed to the governors Executive council in 1943, but both were considered by the nationalist to be ‘safe’ government men. Before 1943 no African had participated directly in policy formulation at the central executive level. Bourdillon agitated for constitutional reform to allow him seek African advice on the executive council, and insisted that it was his right as governor, to seek the advice which he needed to govern effectively. On 1 September 1942 Lord Cranborne gave way, despite the unhappiness of his

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 officials. Shortly afterwards Sir Adeyemo Alakija and Justice S.B<mask> were the first Nigerians appointed to the Executive Council, shortly followed by G H Avezathe and the Emir of Katsina. Many Nigerians tended to belittle this inclusion of two of their countrymen in Executive Council, Sir Bernard Bourdillon was obliged to remark in 1944:“The importance of the step …received insufficient notice locally, chiefly

because those Africans appointed were not of the same political colour

as the Press, but it was a real Step forward, unofficial Africans now for

the first time being in the inner Councils of the Governor.”

It was said of these newly appointed leaders, S. B<mask> and A. Alakija of Nigeria; and others, excelled with brilliance of speech and of pen.One cannot get a clearer picture of the type of men to whom the task of political leadership was entrusted, nor appreciate the esteem in which these men were held.' Honour

On the first of January, 1943, King George VI conferred the honour of commander of the said Most Excellent Order –CBE on <mask> <mask>, Esq. For public services in Nigeria. Judiciary

On The 9 October 1945, King George VI gave directions for the appointment of <mask> <mask> C.B.E., to be appointed as a Puisne Judge of the Supreme Court of Nigeria . He was the first Nigerian lawyer to be elevated to the Supreme Court Bench straight from the Bar, assuming his role on the 8th of November 1945 . Others on the Bench included, Puisne Judges – O. Jibowu ; A.G.b Manson ; H.m.s Brown; C.T .Abbott ; W. Wells Palmer ; G.G Robinson ; F.W. Johnston ; E.Hallinan ; G.R Gregg.One of the most famous and controversial cases brought before him was the trial of Heelas Ugokwe for the attempted assassination of H.M. Foot. Heelas

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 Ugokwe, a postal worker who in the midst of a countrywide crackdown on anti-colonial activists, carried out an assassination attempt on Colonial Chief Secretary, Hugh Foot. He stabbed him with a jack-knife from behind but Foot was rescued by a messenger. In court, Ugokwe revealed that his target was the British Governor, but because he could not reach him, he decided to assassinate Foot. He accused the British of carrying out massacres of Nigerians and that if the British officials who murdered Nigerian coal miners were free, he saw no reason why he should not be set free. His only regret, he told Justice S.B.<mask> was that he did not succeed in assassinating Foot. The judge gave Ugowe the maximum life

'In which law book did Mr S. B<mask> read that a type of Ugokwe's charge was punished by life' - Nnamdi Azikiwe. The judgment infuriated the Zikist that had come to regard Helas as a champion for Nigeria's liberation. Religion
Justice S. B<mask> was the Chancellor of the Diocese on the Niger, Anglican Communion. at the time, the diocese covered Eastern Nigeria, the Mid-West, Kwara and the Middle Belt. He was succeeded by Louis Mbanefo . Family

Hon.Justice S.B.<mask> was married to Mabel Jones, they had a son S.<mask> III  and two daughters Gloria and <mask>. He is Uncle to Justice R.W.<mask>-Vivour and Grand uncle to Supreme court Justice Bode <mask>ivour. Death

A prominent member of the colon nationalist section of Lagos society, The Hon Justice S.B<mask> told Tony Enahoro, at the end of May 1947 that he S.B. <mask>, expected no self-rule in his lifetime. He died as the country's preparation for independence was apace. Hon.Justice S.B. <mask> C.B.E died in November 1951 at 61 years old. References

1890 births
1951 deaths
Nigerian

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<mask>. (19 July 190530 September 1981) was an English, and later Canadian conductor and academic. He was Dean of the Royal Conservatory of Music at the University of Toronto. <mask> founded and conducted chamber orchestras, and contributed to the revival of interest in baroque music and in the 19th and 20th Century string orchestra repertoire. <mask> was born in Blackheath, London, and wanted to be a pianist as a child. His mother, Ruby Le Couteur, was a professional accompanist, and his father was an engineer. <mask> attended Osborne Naval College and then Dartmouth, and was commissioned in the Royal Navy.Soon after he was commissioned, the armed forces underwent a drastic reduction (the so-called 'Geddes Axe'), and <mask> left the navy to study medicine at Caius College, Cambridge. He qualified in 1930, and became House Surgeon and Physician at Saint George's Hospital, London, and Resident Doctor at King Edward VII's Hospital, London. In 1930, while practising medicine, <mask> studied music theory and orchestration at the Guildhall School of Music. The Boyd Neel Orchestra
For <mask>, at this stage, music was still a hobby. He conducted amateur groups and formed an orchestra of young professionals, whom he recruited in 1932 from the Royal Academy of Music and the Royal College of Music. The Boyd Neel London String Orchestra (later the Boyd Neel Orchestra) made its debut at the Aeolian Hall, London, on 22 June 1933. The programme included the first performance in England of Respighi's Suite of Ancient Airs and Dances and the premiere of a new suite by occasional composer Julian Herbage.After the concert, <mask> returned to his

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