texts:
 Cabinet: Gender Authorship and Empire in Lady <mask>'s Urania." English Literary History 68.2,  2001. Bates, Catherine. "Astrophil and the Manic Wit of the Abject Male." SEL: Studies in English Literature 1500–1900. Houston: William Marsh Rice University, Vol.41, Num. 1, Winter 2001, pp. 1–24. .
Butler, John & Jokinen, Anniina. The Life of Lady <mask>. 2006. . 28 October 2008. Cañadas, Ivan. "Questioning Men's Love in Sir Philip Sidney’s Astrophil and Stella and Lady <mask>'s Pamphilia to Amphilanthus".Medieval and Early Modern English Studies [MEMESAK journal]. Vol 13, Num. 1, 2005. pp. 99–121. Cavanaugh, Shelia T. Cherished Torment: The Emotional Geography of Lady <mask>'s Urania. Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press, 2001. Grosart, Alexander, The Complete Poems of Sir Philip Sidney.Oregon: University of Oregon, December 1995. .
Hagerman, Anita. "'But Worth pretends': Discovering Jonsonian Masque in Lady <mask>'s Pamphilia to Amphilanthus." Early Modern Literary Studies 6.3 (January 2001): 4.1–17 . Lamb, <mask>, '<mask>, Lady <mask> (1587-1651/1653)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, Jan 2008. .
Lamb, <mask>. Gender and Authorship in the Sidney Circle. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1990. Miller, Naomi, J.Changing the Subject. <mask> and Figurations of Gender in Early Modern England. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1960. Miller, Naomi. "'Not much to be marked': Narrative of the Woman's Part in Lady <mask>' Urania." . Mullaney, Steven. "Strange Things, Gross Terms, Curious Customs: The Rehearsal of Cultures in the Late Renaissance," in Representing the English Renaissance, ed.Stephen Greenblatt (Berkeley: Univ. of

masks:
Mary Wroth
Mary Wroth
Mary Wroth
Mary Wroth
Mary Wroth
Mary Ellen
Wroth
Mary
Mary Ellen
Mary Wroth
Mary Wroth


type: original

texts:
 California Press, 1988). Mullaney, Steven. The Place of Stage: License, Play and Power in Renaissance England. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988. Nandini Das, Lady <mask>-Biography. 2005.English.cam.ac/uk/wroth/biography. 30 October 2008. Roberts, Josephine A. The Poems of Lady <mask>. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1983. Salzman, Paul. "Contemporary References in <mask>’s Urania" The Review of English Studies, New Series, Vol.29, No. 114 (May 1978), pp. 178–18.  .
Taylor, Sue "<mask> <mask>" Loughton, LDHS. 2005
Verzella, Massimo "Hid as worthless rite". Scrittura femminile nell’Inghilterra di re Giacomo: Elizabeth Cary e <mask>, Roma, Aracne, 2007. Verzella, Massimo, "The Renaissance Englishwoman’s Entry into Print: Authorizing Strategies", The Atlantic Critical Review, III, 3 (July–September 2004), pp. 1–19;
Waller, Gary.The Sidney Family Romance: <mask>, William Herbert, and the early modern construction of gender. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1993. Wilson, Mona, Sir Philip Sidney. London: Duckworth, 1931. External links

Lamb, <mask>. "<mask>, Lady <mask> (1587?–1651/1653)." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.Ed. H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison. Oxford: OUP, 2004. 13 April 2007. Luminarium: Lady <mask>, 1587?–1651? <mask>'s Poetry: An Electronic Edition – a project by Paul Salzman who is Professor of English Literature at La Trobe University. <mask>'s handwritten manuscript of Pamphilia to Amphilanthus from the Folger Shakespeare Library Digital Image Collection

1587 births
1650s deaths
17th-century English poets
17th-century English women writers
17th-century English writers
Daughters of British earls
English women poets
Renaissance

masks:
Mary Wroth
Mary Wroth
Wroth
Lady Mary
Wroth
Mary Wroth
Mary Wroth
Mary Ellen
Wroth
Mary
Mary Wroth
Mary Wroth
Wroth


texts:
<mask> (1913–2010) was the founder of La Stereochromie which traded as RoMo, a stereoscopic image company. In the 1950s <mask>, an early pioneer of 3D photography, together with his father, Gustave, invented a 3D camera and created an extensive collection of photographs and film. His contacts in the French government, particularly because of his intelligence work during the War, gave Mouzillat unprecedented access to important people and places in France. The Collection provide an interesting and important view of France in the 1940s, 50s and 60s. Early life and career
<mask> was born in Suresnes in 1913 and died in Paris in 2010. He married Josette Garthwaite and had one daughter, Elizabeth. As a young man he had a diverse career.He was a graduate of the Lycee Turgot and of the Ecole Superieure de Commerce de Paris. He was also a graduate of the Ecoles de Commerce d'Espagne et d'Angleterre. In 1932 he joined Rhone Poulenc which was interrupted with his National Service in the Corps de l'Aviation Militaire. On returning to Rhone Poulenc he was Head of the Far East Division. After passing the Civil Service entrance examination in 1938, he joined the French Ministere de l'Interieur (1939 to 1949). From 1941 to 1944 he was active in the French Resistance. He and his wife were imprisoned in Vichy and were released in May 1942.In May 1945 he was a member of the French Delegation under General Charles de Gaulle and attended the United Nations Conference on International Organization (UNCIO), a convention of delegates from 50 Allied nations that took place from 25 April 1945 to 26 June 1945 in San Francisco, United States. At this convention, the delegates reviewed and rewrote the Dumbarton Oaks agreements. Pan Books
In 1947 he became a director and participated in the development of publishing

masks:
Robert Gustave Mouzillat
Robert Mouzillat
Robert


texts:
 company Pan Books. With the support of the board of Pan Books he developed a means of exploiting a new printing technique, combining text with voice on disk. This took him into the use of the photographic process in printing. Alan Bott said of his appointment to the board of Pan Books "...the reason why I nominated you as a Pan Books Director is that you had provided excellent (not to say brilliant) service for us in Paris and that,in my opinion, it was a good thing for you to have the status of Director in dealing with officials and with the Heads of the production houses who do work for us." Simultaneous with this appointment he created two separate companies in Paris in publishing, Les Editions Albatross and Le Livre Universel.RoMo Stereoscopic Images
In 1949 he founded SA Les Editions RoMo, of which he was the sole owner, to conceive and develop a camera to produce precision three-dimensional photographic images, identical to those recorded by the human eye. The camera, which has itself not been overtaken by modern technology, produced colour positive images. Working with his father, Gustave, an engineer, they invented a camera with two lenses that operate on the principle of the human eye, taking left and right images that could be reproduced for viewing, both as 3D still images and movies. The negatives that were produced are in fact colour positives. Two types of cameras were developed which had the same optical characteristics but had different speeds of exposure. The first could produce a double image every 4 seconds with a shutter speed ranging from 1/2 second to 1/100th of a second. The second camera could produce 38 double images per second with a shutter speed ranging from 1/35th to 1/380th of a second.The size of the images were 12mm x 13mm with one metre of film taking 65


texts:
 images. The images produced very high quality photographs in either monochrome or colour up to 300mm x 400mm. In 1958 his two-lens camera was presented at the Brussels World Trade Fair (Expo 58) where it was awarded the bronze medal. The publicity afforded by this success attracted the attention of Professor Roger Heim of the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. Working with the French Government
His work with Professor Heim attracted the attention of other departments in the French Government. Thus began a collaboration with the Cancer Institute of Villejuif recording surgical techniques, the Audio Visual Department of the Department of Youth and Sport, as well as the National Education Institute and the International Office for Sports and Physical Education. RoMo Image Collection
In 1956 Mouzillat developed a distinctive art deco branding for RoMo and started to commercialise his collection.He developed a card-based viewing system, using Bakelite viewers. He sold a wide variety of subject cards, usually with 12 left and right eye images, at newsstands throughout Paris, in France and at trade shows. The catalogues from 1956 and 1957 demonstrate the wide range of geographic, historic and cultural subjects that were documented. He also created a range of cards for children focussing on characters, animals, birds and insects. No accurate count has been attempted of the entire collection but it is estimated that the double images total around 40,000 left and right eye images. The collection can be grouped into specific categories including:
 The Regions, Towns and Cities of interest in France and other European countries
 The Interiors of the Élysée Palace
 Folklore Costumes of France, Spain, Yugoslavia, Russia and Japan
 Speleology, prehistoric sites of France, grottoes and frescoes
 Art


texts:
 Collections in France including interiors of the Musee Rodin, Musee du Louvre and Musee de Sèvres
 Animals, birds, insects, flowers and butterflies from around the world
 Historical and fictional characters from children's literature. Tintin (character) and the Studio of Georges Remi (known as Hergé)
Mouzillat's invention and his work came to the attention of Georges Remi as a result of his success at the Brussels World Fair.Together they established a collaboration to market Tintin stories as 3D strip cartoons. A number of gouache drawings in colour were prepared for conversion to 3D photographic images. This was an important collaboration as it proved that 3D images could be created from 2D content. Cards on a variety of Tintin subjects were produced and sold. Pablo Picasso at La Californie
Intrigued by the 3D process, Mouzillat was invited to spend Easter weekend 1957 by Picasso at his home in the south of France. He took hundreds of photos of Picasso in his studio, in the garden, at the bullfight in Arles and with his then mistress Mme Jacqueline Roque, her daughter Catherine Hutin-Blay, his biographer John Richardson (art historian), the actor Jean Cocteau and his official photographer David Douglas Duncan. Cards of Picasso 3D photographs were published and sold by RoMo.Stereographic Photographs of Pablo Picasso by <mask>t at The Holburne Museum, Bath, UK
From 22 February 2014 to 1 June 2014 The Holburne Museum in Bath, UK will present a 3D show of a selection of the collection of Picasso images. Visitors will be required to wear 3D glasses to see the images on special 3D screens. Brian May, Chairman of the London Stereoscopic Company, prepared many of the images for the book to accompany the show. The images can be viewed with the 'Owl' viewer developed by May for his various


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 publications. John Richardson, Picasso's official biographer, provided an introduction to the show and is pictured in many of the images. Arnold Palmer
The exceptionally high quality of the images he was producing led to an approach by Paris-Match to publish images of the Arnold Palmer golf swing in conjunction with an article "Improve your golf with Arnold Palmer". The Collection includes a series of moving images that have never been published.Nudes
In the 1950s Mouzillat obtained permission from the French authorities to use the 3D camera to photograph nudes in a variety of locations and situations. Clever sets were used to create entertaining views. Hundreds of photos are contained in the Collection that have never been published. Kodak
In 1964 Eastman Kodak, whose laboratories had been doing all the film processing work, made an approach to purchase the camera and the technology. In 1965 France-Soir also approached Mouzillat and attempted to purchase the camera and the associated technology. Further development
Between 1989 and 1996 he worked jointly with High Definition Image Processing Department of The Centre for TV Transmission and Communications (France Telecom). Studies were conducted in Rennes for the development of three-dimensional technology, alongside their own research, for the use with a television screen.This eventually resulted in a successful public demonstration in Paris of a 3D television system. Eventually under the guidance of M. Marc Cantagrel the use of the camera was adopted by the French National Education System. Further reading
 Viewmaster page on Romo
 Summary of French Stereoscope Producers

External links
 The Romo Images website
 Marriott Cameras history of Stereo viewers
 Holburne Museum

References

1913 births
2010 deaths
People from


texts:
<mask> (; born 13 April 1974) is an Australian soccer coach and former player, who is currently the assistant coach of Serie A club Genoa. <mask> is also a football presenter on the Special Broadcasting Service (SBS), Most recently he was a key figure in SBS's coverage of the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. Zdrilic played on 30 occasions for the Australia national soccer team, having once scored eight goals in a single match – the second highest recorded for any Australian player, behind Socceroos teammate Archie Thompson, who scored 13 goals in the same game. He was also a member of the Australia national beach soccer team, the Beach Socceroos, having captained the side. He previously played for Sydney FC in the A-League after forging a professional career in Switzerland, Germany, England and Scotland. As a football presenter on the Special Broadcasting Service (SBS), <mask> hosted the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil which won a Logie Award for Most Outstanding Sport Coverage as well as SBS's Friday Night A-League coverage. He has hosted games from the UEFA Champions League, Europa League, various international cup competitions and the football entertainment show Thursday FC on SBS2.Over the last few years, <mask> combined various coaching roles in Australia with his media career before being announced as the new assistant coach of the under-17 team of German club RB Leipzig in July 2017. In his first year coaching in Germany, his team won both cup competitions and also the German Ost/Nord-Ost Bundesliga title. Following the successful year, <mask> moved up to the RB Leipzig U19 team which is the club's 2nd team (reserve team) feeding directly into the professional Bundesliga team. Playing career

Early years
<mask> represented his high school Patrician

masks:
David Allen Zdrilic
Zdrilic
Zdrilic
Zdrilic
Zdrilic
Zdrilic


texts: Brothers' College during his time as a teenage schoolboy and featured prominently in all teams including the A Grade squad. He had the opportunity as a child to pursue a tennis career, receiving coaching and playing in tournaments, but chose football instead. After playing through the youth ranks for St George Saints he broke into the senior side in 1993 at the age of 19. Mid-way through the NSW Super League year he signed to Sydney United for the coming National Soccer League season.He made an immediate impact shortly after joining the club, scoring four goals in four games in a preseason cup competition. However, he played most of his first NSL season playing as fullback, netting only once for the year. <mask>'s versatility meant he was often used in different positions and during the 1994/95 and 1995/96 seasons, he was more often among the goal scorers. It was in the 1996/97 season that for the first time <mask> was used as an out and out striker and eventually took out the Golden Boot scoring 21 goals in 26 games. During this time he combined studied a law degree at Sydney University, working full-time at a Western Sydney Law Firm with his footballing duties. It was not until this 1996/97 NSL season that his footballing career rose to the next level. <mask>'s first call-up to the national team came in January 1997.After the appointment of Terry Venables as the new Socceroos coach, Australia hosted the Optus Cup a four-team tournament including an Australian squad of domestic-based players. In forming the squad, Venables had asked "who's the leading scorer in the NSL? ", the answer being Zdrilic (having scored 12 goals in as many games), and he played all three matches. He continued his scoring ways in the NSL to win the Golden Boot for that season

masks: Zdrilic Zdrilic Zdrilic


texts:
 with 21 goals, United topping the table before losing the grand final to Brisbane. In Europe
His position atop the Australian league attracted attention in Europe, particularly in Switzerland with an offer to join Grasshoppers accepted, where he would initially be loaned out to FC Aarau. After a season at Aarau he moved to German side SSV Ulm 1846, newly promoted to the second division. Ulm's strong 1998–99 season with Zdrilic a regular starter and scoring 12 goals for the season saw them promoted again into the Bundesliga, the club's first appearance in the top flight.Now playing in a top European league, he earned a recall to national side in early 2000 for a tournament in Chile. <mask> was injured as a result of a bad tackle in the final minutes of Australia's game against Bulgaria and he returned to Ulm injured. He again rejoined the side in June as Australia hosted a three match series against Paraguay, which he scored his first international goal in a 2–1 win. <mask> remained with the side for the 2000 OFC Nations Cup, adding to his goal tally twice against Cook Islands. Returning to club duties, with <mask> out injured for much of the season due to the knee injury he sustained on international duty, Ulm had been relegated back to the second division and <mask> sought to remain in the top league. Despite the injury <mask> scored 6 goals in 13 Bundesliga starts for Ulm and moved to SpVgg Unterhaching. The club struggled for consistency through the 2000–01 season and was eventually relegated, <mask> remaining with the club on its return to 2.Bundesliga. Haching continued to struggle for results in the 2001–02 season, relegated again at the end of the year. In contrast to club fortunes, Zdrilic was achieving greater success at international level

masks: Zdrilic Zdrilic Zdrilic Zdrilic Zdrilic Zdrilic


texts: throughout this time. Becoming a regular inclusion in an Australian side under Frank Farina, he was recalled for a friendly against Scotland to replace the injured Mark Viduka scoring in a memorable 2–0 victory at Hamden Park. He retained his place in the squad for the Oceania World Cup qualifiers. In Australia's second match of the tournament, he scored eight goals in a world record 31–0 win over American Samoa. He and his strike partner Archie Thompson, who scored 13 goals, broke the record for most goals scored in a senior international match.He remained in the team for the 2001 FIFA Confederations Cup, taking part in the Socceroos memorable victories over Mexico and Brazil. With Unterhaching in financial trouble, <mask> gained a release and signed on to English First Division side Walsall, where he was soon joined by fellow Australian Steve Corica. In a season restricted by a calf injury, he made 29 appearances in the league and cup scoring five goals including the only goal against Wimbledon F.C. in the FA Cup fourth round. In May 2003 he parted from the club and after interest from other English sides and Norwegian side S.K. Brann, he signed to Scottish Premier League club Aberdeen on a one-year deal, making an immediate impact with a goal 80 seconds into his debut in a pre-season friendly against Liverpool and then again against Rangers in the league. <mask> went on to score 8 goals in all competitions including the winner in a memorable win over Celtic which ended Celtics unbeaten home run of 78 games.After being linked with Belgian clubs Lierse and Gent, and also 1860 Munich, he returned to 2nd Bundesliga at Eintracht Trier. While facing difficulties at Aberdeen, his elevation back to the top flight of a European league returned him to national

masks: Zdrilic Zdrilic


texts:
 team contention. He was selected for a number of friendly matches and rejoined the squad in May for the 2004 OFC Nations Cup, which also doubled as qualifiers for the 2006 FIFA World Cup. After a goal against Tahiti, he made two more appearances against Fiji and Vanuatu. Return to Australia

His stay at Trier was short-lived, and returned to Australia with the launch of the A-League in 2005 to be part of the inaugural Sydney FC squad, signing a three-year deal. Now back in Australia, he was included in a Socceroos side for a match on 29 March 2005 against Indonesia to benefit victims of the Boxing Day tsunami, scoring Australia's third goal in what many have tipped as his last international match. He took part in 19 of Sydney's matches in their first season, mostly as a substitute, scoring once.In the second season he found more game time under Terry Butcher, scoring four goals from 20 appearances. <mask> remained at Sydney for the A-League 2007–08 season, in the final year of his original three-year contract. A number of matches saw him being deployed in the backline and midfield. Many Sydney FC fans became critical of his performances, after netting just five goals in his first two years at the club. Despite his clear intentions to add to his tally in the 2007–08 season, <mask> failed to score in any competitive matches all year and was released by Sydney at the end of the season. The end of his stay with Sydney FC effectively marked the end of his career. In 2009, <mask> was approached by former teammate Ante Milicic to sign with his first professional club Sydney United, who play in the NSW Premier League.The team finished on the top of the table in the regular season but bowed out in semi-final. <mask> finished the season with eight goals and

masks: Zdrilic Zdrilic Zdrilic Zdrilic


texts:
 announced his decision to retire after 15 years as a professional footballer. Post-playing career

Coaching
While playing at Sydney United, <mask> took up his first coaching role coaching with former NSL champions, Hakoah Sydney City East FC. In his maiden season as manager, <mask> guided the side to a semi-final berth but declined the club's offer to extend his contract for a second season. The departure of Ante Milicic to A-League expansion club Melbourne Heart opened the opportunity for <mask> to become the player/manager at Sydney United. He spent one season in charge of the club before announcing his retirement as a player. Despite enjoying more success as manager – taking United deep into the finals series in his first season at Edensor Park – <mask> left the club to concentrate on his growing media career.He was succeeded at the club by Jean-Paul de Marigny, returning for his second stint in charge. Whilst away from the dugout, <mask> undertook a succession of coaching study tours in Europe, spending time at clubs such Bayern Munich, TSG 1899 Hoffenheim, Hajduk Split and Dinamo Zagreb. In 2015, <mask> returned to the coaching ranks after being approached by Sydney FC to become the assistant coach of both the NSW NPL2 first team, NYL team and the under-20 side. Both sides won their respective leagues in August 2016, meaning the club will participate in the New South Wales NPL1 in 2017 for the first time. The following season saw <mask> take over the NPL1 U20 side as head coach whilst still remaining assistant coach to Robbie Stanton's NPL1 first team. In July 2017, he accepted an offer from reigning Bundesliga runners-up RB Leipzig to become the assistant coach of the club's under-17 team, currently led by former VfB Stuttgart and TSG 1899

masks: Zdrilic Zdrilic Zdrilic Zdrilic Zdrilic Zdrilic Zdrilic


texts:
 Hoffenheim striker Alexander Blessin. After a successful year with the U17's, the pair moved up to the U19's which is the club's reserve team feeding directly into the club's 1st team Bundesliga side."I spent a month at RB Leipzig last year on a study tour watching how they did things as well as learning from Ralf Rangnick and the other coaches," <mask> said. "I highlighted that I would like the opportunity to one day move over to Europe to coach. They were aware of my role with Sydney FC and my previous coaching and playing experience which played a big part in Leipzig offering me the position." In January 2020, <mask> accepted an offer from Chicago Fire FC to become the assistant coach, where was credited with reforming the team’s approach into a more pressing-oriented style. <mask> was linked with a move to then-English Premier League club Sheffield United but ultimately stayed with Chicago. In mid-2021, <mask> returned to Europe after accepting an offer to reunite with Alexander Blessin - who he coached under at RB Leipzig - to become the assistant coach at Belgian side K.V. Oostende.After impressing with their high-tempo style in Belgium, Blessin and <mask> were then poached by Italian Serie A club Genoa in January 2022, replacing the outgoing Andriy Shevchenko. The move made <mask> the first Australian to hold a coaching position at a Serie A side. Media

After being released from Sydney FC, <mask> started working as a football pundit for both Fox Sports and ESPN, as well as featuring on SBS and writing a column for mX. He also took on a role as Player Relations Officer for Professional Footballers Australia. <mask> continued to work in the media and co-hosted the now-discontinued World Football News on One, and was a core part of the 2010 FIFA

masks: Zdrilic Zdrilic Zdrilic Zdrilic Zdrilic Zdrilic Zdrilic Zdrilic


texts:
 World Cup coverage on SBS, appearing regularly as an analyst. He then joined SBS exclusively, which sees him continuing his analytical role, as well as co-hosting the football entertainment show Thursday FC. <mask> soon moved into the hosting role full-time and began presenting the UEFA Champions League, Europa League and International Cup Competitions.He then hosted the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil which won a Logie for Most Outstanding Sports Coverage. He was also the host of SBS's 4-year coverage of the A-League between 2014 and 2017. In 2018, <mask> was again a key figure in SBS's coverage of the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia where he presented live from matches around the country as well as expert analysis alongside Craig Foster and Lucy Zelic from SBS's Moscow studio. Beach Soccer
Since retiring, <mask> is a keen advocate for Beach Soccer and is a member of the Beach Socceroos. He has also captained the side. The Beach Socceroos travelled to Qatar in January 2013 for the Beach Soccer World Cup Qualifiers. Despite having no lead up practice matches and never before played together as a team, the Beach Socceroos narrowly missed out on a World Cup place finishing 4th out of 16 teams, only three World Cup spots were on offer.<mask> finished the tournament with 4 goals in 4 games. <mask> is an Ambassador for one of the country's biggest International Tournaments, the Australia Beach Soccer Cup, played annually in Wollongong. In the last tournament, <mask> scored 8 goals in 3 games including 6 goals in a 7–5 win over China. Australia won the tournament. Career statistics

Club

International goals
Scores and results list Australia's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Zdrilic goal. Honours
Australia
 OFC Nations Cup: 2004,


texts:
 2000

Sydney FC
 A-League Championship: 2005–06
 Oceania Club Championship: 2004–05

Individual
 NSL top scorer: 1996–97 with Sydney United with 21 goals
 Logie Award nomination for Outstanding Sports Commentator: 2009

References

External links
 Oz Football profile
 NSW Premier League matches review

1974 births
Living people
Aberdeen F.C. players
A-League Men players
Australia international soccer players
Australian expatriate soccer players
Australian people of Croatian descent
SV Eintracht Trier 05 players
FC Aarau players
Bundesliga players
2.Bundesliga players
Association football forwards
National Soccer League (Australia) players
Soccer players from Sydney
Scottish Premier League players
SpVgg Unterhaching players
SSV Ulm 1846 players
Sydney FC players
Sydney United 58 FC players
Walsall F.C. players
Australian soccer players
Chicago Fire FC non-playing staff
Sydney United 58 FC managers
2000 OFC Nations Cup players
2001 FIFA Confederations Cup players
2004 OFC Nations Cup players
2005 FIFA Confederations Cup players
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate footballers in Germany
Expatriate footballers in Scotland
Expatriate footballers in Switzerland
Australian expatriate sportspeople in England
Australian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Australian expatriate sportspeople in Scotland
Australian expatriate sportspeople in


texts: <mask>. "Connie" <mask> (born 1 February 1963) is an American museum curator, author, and art historian. Since 2013, <mask> is the Chief Curator at the Hammer Museum in Los Angeles. <mask> is a 1980 graduate of Marlborough School, and a 1984 graduate of Scripps College. From 2006 to 2013, she served as the Robert Lehman Foundation Chief Curator of Drawings at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. Prior to that, she was a curator at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles (MOCA), from 1996 to 2006. <mask> also held curatorial positions at the Neuberger Museum of Art in Purchase, New York; Artists Space in New York City; and the Des Moines Arts Center. She was hired as curator of drawings for MoMA in October 2005, when she was still working on developing her WACK!project for MOCA. Her multimedia exhibition WACK! Art and the Feminist Revolution dealt with international feminist art of the 1970s. The exhibit was shown at The Geffen Contemporary at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles in the summer of 2007. When curating WACK!, reviewer Carolyn Stuart noted that <mask> included works by 124 women artists, and several male collaborators, and also included several works of art "with little or no obvious feminist content", or works not described as feminist by their creators. She co-published a book about the exhibition in 2007. She was interviewed for the film !Women Art Revolution.She co-authored the book From Conceptualism to Feminism: Lucy Lippard’s Numbers Shows 1969–74, which was published in 2013. In July 2013, she began overseeing the

masks:
Cornelia H
Butler
Butler
Career Butler
Butler
Butler


texts:
 entirety of Hammer Museum's curatorial department, including "developing and organizing exhibitions, building the Hammer Contemporary Collection, and overseeing the Hammer’s artist residency program and artist council." In May 2014 at MoMA, she co-curated the first major Lygia Clark retrospective to be held in the US. Working for the Hammer Museum in Los Angeles as chief curator, in April 2016 she secured a donation of street photography by Daido Moriyama, the world's largest collection. In 2019, she curated an exhibit on Lari Pittman. In 2020, she was developing an exhibition on feminism called Witch Hunt. The release was pushed back to February 2021.She won the 2020 Audrey Irmas Award for Curatorial Excellence from CCS Bard (The Center for Curatorial Studies at Bard College). Exhibitions
2015: with Jamillah James, Mark Bradford: Scorched Earth, Hammer Museum, Los Angeles, California
2014: with Michael Ned Holte, Made in L.A. 2014, Hammer Museum, Los Angeles, California
2014: with Luis Pérez-Oramas, Lygia Clark: The Abandonment of Art, 1948-1988, Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), New York City, New York
2012 to 2013: Alina Szapocznikow: Sculpture Undone, 1955–1972, Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), New York City, New York
2010 to 2011: with Catherine de Zegher, On Line: Drawing Through the Twentieth Century, Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), New York City, New York
2010: with Klaus Biesenbach and Neville Wakefield, Greater New York, MoMA P.S. 1, Long Island, New York
2009: Paul Sietsema, Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), New York City, New York
2007: WACK! Art and the


texts:
 Feminist Revolution, Geffen Contemporary at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, California

Publications

Books and exhibition catalogues
 Bradford, Mark, and <mask> H. <mask>. Scorched Earth: Mark Bradford. Los Angeles: Hammer Museum, 2015. <mask>, <mask> H., Michael Ned Holte, and Judy Fiskin.Made in L.A. 2014. Los Angeles: Hammer Museum, 2014. <mask>, <mask> H., Luis Pérez Oramas, Antonio Sergio Bessa, and Lygia Clark. Lygia Clark: The Abandonment of Art, 1948-1988. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 2014. <mask>, <mask> H., Pip Day, and Peter Plagens. From Conceptualism to Feminism: Lucy Lippard's Numbers Shows, 1969-74.London: Afterall Books, 2012. <mask>, <mask> and Alexandra Schwartz, eds. Modern Women: Women Artists at the Museum of Modern Art. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 2010. <mask>, <mask> H., and M. Catherine de Zegher. On Line: Drawing Through the Twentieth Century. New York: Museum of Modern Art, 2010.<mask>, <mask>, Bruce Hainley, Nancy Grubb, and Paul Sietsema. Figure 3: Paul Sietsema. New York, NY: Museum of Modern Art, 2009. <mask>, <mask> H., and Lisa Gabrielle Mark. WACK! : Art and the Feminist Revolution. Los Angeles: Museum of Contemporary Art, 2007.Rowell, Margit, and <mask> H<mask>. Cotton Puffs, Q-Tips, Smoke and Mirrors: The Drawings of Ed Ruscha. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 2004. De Kooning, Willem, <mask> H<mask>, and Paul Schimmel. Willem De Kooning: Tracing the Figure. Los Angeles: Museum of Contemporary Art, 2002. <mask>, <mask> H., Weng Choy Lee, and Francis Pound.Flight Patterns: Laurence

masks:
Cornelia
Butler
Butler
Cornelia
Butler
Cornelia
Butler
Cornelia
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Cornelia
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Cornelia
Butler
Cornelia
Butler
Cornelia
Cornelia
. Butler
Cornelia
. Butler
Butler
Cornelia


texts:
 Aberhart ... Et Al. Los Angeles: Museum of Contemporary Art, 2000. <mask>, <mask> H. Afterimage: Drawing Through Process. Los Angeles: Museum of Contemporary Art, 1999. <mask>, <mask> H., and Jessica Bronson. Jessica Bronson.Los Angeles: The Museum of Contemporary Arts, 1998. <mask>, <mask> H. The Power of Suggestion: Narrative and Notation in Contemporary Drawing. Los Angeles: Museum of Contemporary Art, 1996. <mask>, <mask> H., and Lucinda H. Gedeon. Inspired by Nature. Purchase, N.Y.: Neuberger Museum of Art, 1994. <mask>, <mask> H. Iowa Artists 1988.Des Moines, Iowa: The Center, 1988. Articles
 McCornack, Julia, and <mask>. "From Painting to Therapeutic Practice: Conversation about Lygia Clark: The Abandonment of Art, 1948-1988." X-Tra: Contemporary Art Quarterly 17, no. 1 (Fall 2014): 4-21. <mask>, Connie. "This Is Art--These People Are Artists: Pacific Standard Time, Conceptual Art, and Other Momentous Events from a Local Point of View."Art Journal 71, no. 1 (Spring 2012): 38-57. <mask>, Connie. "That's Guy de Cointet." Artforum International 45, no. 10 (Summer 2007): 418-421. <mask>, Connie."Flight patterns." Art Journal 60, no. 2 (Summer 2001): 9-12. <mask>, Connie. "West of everything." Parkett no. 57 (January 3, 1999): 189-201.<mask>, Connie. "Rita McBride." Journal of Contemporary Art 7, (March 1995): 82-89. <mask>, Connie. "Queer space." Art & Text 49 (September 1994): 83-84. References

Living people
American art curators
American women curators
People associated with the Museum of Modern Art (New York City)
Scripps College alumni
1963

masks:
Butler
Cornelia
Butler
Cornelia
Butler
Cornelia
Butler
Cornelia
Butler
Cornelia
Connie Butler
Butler
Butler
Butler
Butler
Butler
Butler


texts:
<mask> “<mask><mask> (born 27 April 1989) is a retired English internationally elite badminton player. <mask> is currently sponsored by Yonex and YC Sports and plays for the University of Nottingham-based NBL team. He entered the National team in 2006, and later won the boys' doubles and mixed team titles at the 2007 European Junior Championships. He was a World Championships medalists winning a silver in 2011 with Imogen Bankier and a bronze in 2017 with <mask>. Together with Gabby, he also won a silver medal at the 2007 World Junior Championships, and then claimed the gold medals at the Commonwealth Games in 2014 and 2018; and at the European Championships in 2017 and 2018. <mask> also representing Great Britain competed at the 2012, 2016 Olympic Games and at the 2019 European Games. In the European Games, he and Gabby won the mixed doubles silver medal.Career
At the 2008 Thomas Cup <mask> made his debut at a major senior international tournament where he played one match in the group stage. He would continue to represent England at the 2009 Sudirman Cup where the team played sixth. His world championships debut came at the 2010 BWF World Championships where he entered Mixed doubles with Gabrielle White, but lost in the first round. He later switched Mixed Doubles partners to compete with Scottish player Imogen Bankier. They had a Cinderella run at the 2011 London Worlds where they defeated three seeded pairs before losing in the final. <mask> also competes in Men's Doubles, currently pairing with fellow Englishmen Andrew Ellis. Although they qualified for the Olympics, they had a disappointing performance and lost in the first round.In October 2012, the pair announced their decision to

masks:
Christopher Thomas
Chris
” Adcock
Adcock
Gabby Adcock
Chris Adcock
Chris Adcock
Chris Adcock


texts: split, with Bankier stating her intention to return to Badminton Scotland and form a Scottish partnership. Subsequently, <mask> reignited his mixed doubles partnership with White, whom he later married. They later won the BWF Super Series Masters Finals in 2015, and become the first British players to do so. <mask> competed in the 2014 Commonwealth Games, winning gold in the mixed doubles alongside his wife. In 2015, he became the champion at the Dubai World Superseries Finals in mixed doubles event. In 2016, he competed at the Summer Olympics in the mixed doubles event, but did not advance to the knockout stage. In October 2016, the <mask>s were the semifinalist at the Denmark Open, but they lost to home duo Joachim Fischer Nielsen and <mask> Pedersen in the straight games.The Adcocks then reaching the final at the Grand Prix Gold tournament at the 2016 Bitburger Open, defeated by the Chinese pair Zheng Siwei and Chen Qingchen with the score 16–21, 21–23. At the end of 2016 BWF Season, the Adcocks were qualified to compete at the Dubai World Superseries Finals. They advanced to the final round after placed second in the group stage, won a semifinal match against Praveen Jordan and Debby Susanto of Indonesia in three games, but they lost again to Chinese paired Zheng and Cheng. In 2017, the Adcocks won the gold medal at the European Championships in Denmark defeating Joachim Fischer Nielsen and <mask> Pedersen in the final. They also clinched the bronze medal at the BWF World Championships in Glasgow. In 2018, he competed at the Commonwealth Games in Gold Coast, and defend the mixed doubles gold with his wife, also claimed the mixed team bronze. In 2019, he qualified to represent Great

masks: Adcock Adcock Adcock Christinna Christinna


texts:
 Britain at the 2019 European Games, played in the mixed doubles with his wife.Competed as the top seeds the duo advance to the final stage, they were defeated by their compatriot Marcus Ellis and Lauren Smith in straight games 14–21, 9–21, and settle for a silver medal. Achievements

BWF World Championships
Mixed doubles

Commonwealth Games
Mixed doubles

European Games
Mixed doubles

European Championships
Men's doubles

Mixed doubles

BWF World Junior Championships
Mixed doubles

European Junior Championships
Boys' doubles

BWF World Tour (3 runners-up)
The BWF World Tour, which was announced on 19 March 2017 and implemented in 2018, is a series of elite badminton tournaments sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF). The BWF World Tours are divided into levels of World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, Super 300 (part of the HSBC World Tour), and the BWF Tour Super 100. Mixed doubles

BWF Superseries (2 titles, 2 runners-up)
The BWF Superseries, which was launched on 14 December 2006 and implemented in 2007, is a series of elite badminton tournaments, sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF). BWF Superseries levels are Superseries and Superseries Premier. A season of Superseries consists of twelve tournaments around the world that have been introduced since 2011. Successful players are invited to the Superseries Finals, which are held at the end of each year.Mixed doubles

  BWF Superseries Finals tournament
  BWF Superseries Premier tournament
  BWF Superseries tournament

BWF Grand Prix (1 title, 4 runners-up)
The BWF Grand Prix had two levels, the BWF Grand Prix and Grand Prix Gold. It was a series of badminton tournaments sanctioned by the


texts:
 Badminton World Federation (BWF) which was held from 2007 to 2017. Men's doubles

Mixed doubles

  BWF Grand Prix Gold tournament
  BWF Grand Prix tournament

BWF International Challenge/Series (5 titles, 2 runners-up)
Men's doubles

Mixed doubles

  BWF International Challenge tournament
  BWF International Series tournament

Record against selected opponents
Mixed doubles results with Imogen Bankier against Super Series finalists, Worlds Semi-finalists, and Olympic quarterfinalists. Tao Jiaming & Tian Qing 1–0
  Xu Chen & Ma Jin 0–3
  Zhang Nan & Zhao Yunlei 2–5
  Chen Hung-ling & Cheng Wen-hsing 1–0
  Thomas Laybourn & Kamilla Rytter Juhl 0–1
  Michael Fuchs & Birgit Michels 0–1
  Tantowi Ahmad & Lilyana Natsir 1–3
  Shintaro Ikeda & Reiko Shiota 2–0
  Robert Mateusiak & Nadiezda Zieba 0–1
  Aleksandr Nikolaenko & Valeria Sorokina 0–1
 / Robert Blair & Gabrielle White 1–1
  Songphon Anugritayawon & Kunchala Voravichitchaikul 1–1
  Sudket Prapakamol & Saralee Thoungthongkam 0–3

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Leicester
English male badminton players
Badminton players at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Badminton players at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic badminton players of Great Britain
Badminton players at the 2010 Commonwealth Games
Badminton players at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Badminton players at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for England
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for England
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for England
Commonwealth Games medallists in badminton
Badminton players at the 2019 European Games
European Games silver medalists for Great Britain
European Games medalists in


texts:
<mask> (born May 22, 1979) is an American R&B singer-songwriter and pianist. Early life
<mask> was born May 22, 1979 in the East Oak Lane neighborhood of Philadelphia, and took an interest in singing, playing the piano, and songwriting at a very young age. At the age of thirteen, she became a member of a female quintet called Younique. She is a graduate of what is now Parkway Northwest High School for Peace and Social Justice. <mask> has credit for writing "Dear God" by Boyz II Men, from their 1997 album Evolution. <mask> received her big break at the age of nineteen when she became a backup singer for Jill Scott, who took her on an international tour. She signed to Columbia Records in late 2000.Career

2001–2003: A Love Story
In 2002, <mask> released her debut album, A Love Story, which featured the number-one single "Emotional Rollercoaster". In the meantime, <mask> made a cameo appearance in the Cole Porter biopic De-Lovely singing a cover version of Porter's 1930 song "Love for Sale", which made the film's soundtrack album. She also played Brenda Holloway in an episode of the first season of NBC's drama series American Dreams, entitled "The Carpetbaggers" (originally aired on April 6, 2003), performing a rendition of Holloway's 1964 hit "Every Little Bit Hurts". 2004–2006: <mask>
In 2005, she appeared on Cyndi Lauper's The Body Acoustic album on the tracks "I'll Be Your River" and "Sisters of Avalon". During the spring of 2005, three years after the release of her debut album, <mask> released her second studio album Vivian. It featured the lead single "Gotta Go Gotta

masks:
Vivian Sakiyyah Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Vivian
Green


texts:
 Leave (Tired)", which peaked at No. 24 on the R&B chart and No.1 on the dance charts The song also charted No. 1 on the Hot Adult Airplay. The track known as "I Like It (But I Don't Need It)" followed up as the album's second single. The song followed up the previous single's success by also reaching #1 on the dance charts. 2007–2011: Beautiful
In 2007, <mask> appeared on Guru's album Jazzmatazz, Vol. 4: The Hip-Hop Jazz Messenger: Back to the Future on the track "Fine and Free". While performing at a gig in support of her second album, <mask> announced that she is currently recording her third full-length album on Koch Records.In April 2009, she signed a 3-album deal with E1 Music with the first album under the deal set to be released in Summer 2009. Her third album titled Beautiful was released April 6, 2010. The songs explore the ins and outs of love from a variety of perspectives, from the youthful romanticism of "Somewhere" to the playful insight of "So Good" and "Better Man" to the hard-won intensity of "Masterpiece" and "Beautiful." In contrast to her first two albums, which were recorded in a variety of studios with multiple producers, <mask> approached the recording of Beautiful in a more intimate, organic manner. With the exception of "Save Me," which she cut with Jason Farmer (Keyshia Cole, Wyclef Jean, Rihanna) in the producer's seat, <mask> recorded the entire album with Grammy-nominated producer Anthony Bell, a longtime friend and collaborator who made key production contributions to her first two albums, and whose extensive resume also includes work with

masks: Green Green Vivian Vivian


texts:
 Jazmine Sullivan, Jewel, Musiq, Raheem DeVaughn and Jill Scott. In 2011, she collaborated with Phoe Notes for a winter single titled "Missing You". It was released digitally on December 9.Phoe Notes and <mask> shot a video for the track on December 16. Additionally, she recorded the track "Keep On Going" for the Good Times – London and "Let It Burn" for the Birds Eye Riddim compilations. 2012–2013: The Green Room
In 2012, her single, "Oh Freedom" for the Soundtrack for a Revolution was released on January 3, 2012. Later in the year, she did a couple of collaborations which included "Love" (w/Zion) for the album Legacy, "La La Means I Love You" (w/Bob Baldwin) for the album Betcha By Golly Wow: The Songs Of Thom Bell, and "Still Here" (w/Brian Culbertson) for the album Dreams. On August 7, 2012, <mask> released "Anything Out There" the lead single from her fourth album The Green Room. The album was released on October 9, 2012. In 2013, she undertook a few festivals and concerts in addition to TV appearances on BET and Centric's music series.2014–2016:  Vivid
In 2014, <mask> became the first artist signed to rapper/producer Kwamé's record label, Make Noise Recordings. Vivid, her fifth studio album was distributed via Caroline Records. On April 7, 2015, the first single released from the album was "Get Right Back to My Baby". The song went to No. 2 on Billboard's UAC chart. In 2015, <mask> was nominated for a Soul Train Award. In 2016, she released "Grown Folks Music (Work)", which went to the top 15 on Billboard's UAC chart.2017–2019: VGVI
On July 7, 2017, <mask> released

masks: Green Green Green Green Green


texts:
 the first single off her sixth album VGVI, titled "I Don't Know". The song became a top-10 hit on Billboard's Adult R&B chart. VGVI was released on October 6, 2017. 2020–Present: Love Absolute
In October 2019, <mask> and Kwamé signed with the SoNo Recording Group through Kwamé's record label, Make Noise Recordings. Her seventh studio album, Love Absolute, was released on November 13, 2020. Personal life
Between her first and second albums, she took a three-year hiatus. In 2004, she gave birth to her son Jordan.<mask> became an advocate for special needs children, publicly speaking about her experiences. Discography

Studio albums
 A Love Story (2002)
 Vivian (2005)
 Beautiful (2010)
 The Green Room (2012)
 Vivid (2015)
 VGVI (2017)
 Love Absolute (2020)

Award history
BET Awards
2003: Best R&B Female Artist (nominated)

Lady of the Soul Train Awards
2003: Best Solo R&B/Soul Single "Emotional Rollercoaster" (nominated)
2003: Best Solo R&B/Soul Album of the Year A Love Story (nominated)
2003: Best Solo R&B/Soul or Rap New Artist: <mask> (nominated)

Soul Train Awards
2015: Centric Certified Award (nominated)

References

External links
Official website

African-American women singer-songwriters
African-American pianists
American women pianists
American rhythm and blues singer-songwriters
Columbia Records artists
Living people
American neo soul singers
Musicians from Philadelphia
Rhythm and blues pianists
1979 births
Singer-songwriters from Pennsylvania
American contemporary R&B singers
Ballad musicians
21st-century American pianists
21st-century African-American women

masks:
Green
Green
Vivian Green


texts:
Ramon "<mask><mask> is a classical and jazz performer, music educator, composer, arranger and author. Ricker was professor of saxophone, director of the Institute for Music Leadership and senior associate dean for professional studies at the Eastman School of Music of the University of Rochester until his retirement in 2013. He is currently professor emeritus of saxophone at the school's Institute for Music Leadership. In addition to a career as a performing artist and studio teacher, he served as director of the Catherine Filene Shouse Arts Leadership Program, was editor-in-chief of Polyphonic.org, and affiliate faculty in jazz studies and contemporary media. As a senior administrator at Eastman, Ricker helped found Eastman’s Institute for Music Leadership. Its arts leadership curriculum offers courses in entrepreneurship, careers, leadership, performance, contemporary orchestral issues and musician’s injury prevention and rehabilitation; and its Center for Music Innovation. In September 2013, the Eastman School of Music honored Ricker as the first faculty member to receive the Dean’s Medal in recognition of extraordinary leadership, dedication, service and philanthropy.Career
Ricker first began his musical studies on the clarinet. At age 16, while continuing to study the clarinet, his interest in jazz led him to begin taking saxophone lessons. Throughout his professional career he has continued to perform on both instruments and is often a featured saxophone and clarinet soloist and chamber musician in venues throughout Europe and North America. He received a bachelor of music education degree in clarinet from the

masks:
Ray
" Ricker


texts: University of Denver (BME 1965), a master of music degree in woodwind performance from Michigan State University (MM 1967), and a doctor of musical arts degree in music education and clarinet from the Eastman School (DMA 1973). He began his tenure as a full-time Eastman faculty member in 1972 and later became the first titled saxophone professor at the school. For nine years he served as the chair of the Department of Winds, Brass and Percussion (1989-1998). His association with the Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra began as a clarinet soloist in 1972 and in 1973 he won a position in the RPO as a member of the clarinet section.He continues to play in the orchestra today. From 1996-2005 he has served on its board of directors. For eight summers (1993-2000) he was music adviser to the Schlossfestspiele in Heidelberg, Germany, where he directed the participation of the Eastman School Philharmonia in its five-week residency at the German music festival. His most recent book, Lessons From a Street-Wise Professor: What You Won’t Learn at Most Music Schools (Second Edition 2019, Soundown Music)  was an award finalist in the Business: Entrepreneurship and Small Business category of USA Book News' Best Books 2011 Awards. Ricker's doctor of musical arts (DMA) dissertation was "A Survey of Published Jazz-Oriented Clarinet Study Materials: 1920-1970". Among the jazz and popular music artists enlisting Ricker as a session and stage performer were Buddy Rich, Chuck Mangione, the Moody Blues, Warren Haynes, and the Jerry Garcia Symphonic Celebration. Notable musicians who studied under Ricker include Chien-Kwan Lin, Bob Sheppard, Ben


texts:
 Wendel, Walt Weiskopf, Charles Pillow, and Andrew Sterman.2, "Heaven to Clear When Day Did Close"
 "Jazz Sonata", Eastman American Music Series Vol. 8
 "Sound Down", Joe Farrell and <mask>, Eastman Jazz Ensemble Live
 "Viper Cipher", Saxology featuring Jerry Bergonzi

Record production
 My First Concert: Rochester Philharmonic Orchestra (1984)
 Saxology featuring Jerry Bergonzi (1996)
 Saxology featuring Bob Mintzer (1996)
 "Jazz Sonata", Eastman American Music Series Vol. 8 (1999)

Compositions for television and commissioned works
 Arrangements and orchestrations for The Late, Great Me (ABC made-for-television movie)
 Arrangements and orchestrations for Yesteryear, Dick Cavett (HBO)
 "Saints Go Marching In" for the Cincinnati Symphony's Tale of Two Cities (with J. Tyzik) for Doc Severinsen and symphony orchestra (1983)

Contracting and performing of television commercials and program themes
 NBC Sports, including themes for the 1988 Olympics
 "ABC Sunday Night Movie Theme", ABC Theater
 Cinemax and HBO's Main Movie intro and themes, HBO Championship Boxing, tennis baseball, and football
 Sports Illustrated Awards
 A&E Network main theme

Personal life
<mask> lives in Fairport, New York, with his wife, Judith, and their two Rhodesian Ridgebacks. References

External links

 University of Rochester, Eastman School of Music: Center for Music Innovation and Engagement

1943 births
Living people
American jazz clarinetists
American jazz composers
University of Denver alumni
Michigan State University alumni
Eastman School of Music faculty
21st-century clarinetists
American male jazz composers
21st-century American male

masks:
Ramon Ricker
Ricker


texts:
<mask> is an American professional speaker, writer, veteran, and former mountaineer. He is a co-founder and former executive director of the non-profit Central Asia Institute and the founder of the educational charity Pennies for Peace. <mask> is the co-author of The New York Times Bestseller, Three Cups of Tea and Stones into Schools: Promoting Peace with Books, Not Bombs, in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Mortenson was accused of financial irregularities in handling donations to the CAI and falsehoods in his books. In 2012, Mortenson repaid $1 million to the CAI after an inquiry by the Montana Attorney General. Early life
<mask> was born in St. Cloud, Minnesota.His parents, Irvin and Jerene, went with the Lutheran Church to Tanganyika (now Tanzania) in 1958 to be teachers at a girls' school in the Usambara mountains. In 1961, Irvin became a fundraiser and development director for the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center, the first teaching hospital in Tanzania. Jerene was the founding principal of International School Moshi. Spending his early childhood and adolescence in Tanzania, Mortenson learned to speak fluent Swahili. In the early 1970s, when he was 15 years old, <mask> and his family left Tanzania and moved back to Minnesota. He attended Ramsey High School in Roseville, Minnesota, from 1973–75, where he graduated. After high school, <mask> served in the U.S. Army in Germany from 1975–77 and was awarded the Army Commendation Medal.Following his discharge, he attended Concordia College in Moorhead, Minnesota, from 1977-79 on an athletic (football) scholarship. In 1978, Concordia College's football team won the NAIA Division III national championship with a 7-0 win over Findlay, Ohio. Mortenson graduated from the University of South Dakota in 1983 with a bachelor's degree in liberal studies and an associate degree in nursing. Humanitarian work and career

Origins in K2

Mortenson describes the origins of his humanitarian work in his best-selling book, Three Cups of Tea. He states he traveled to northern

masks:
Greg Mortenson
Mortenson
Mortenson
Mortenson
Mortenson


texts:
 Pakistan in 1993 to climb the world's second-highest mountain, K2, as a memorial to his sister, Christa. After more than 70 days on the mountain located in the Karakoram range, Mortenson failed to reach the summit. Earlier, <mask> and fellow climber, Scott Darsney, were also involved in a 75-hour life-saving rescue of another climber, Etienne Fine, which put them in a weakened state.After the rescue, he descended the mountain and set out with a local Balti porter, Mouzafer Ali, to the nearest city. According to the account in Three Cups of Tea, <mask> stated he took a wrong turn on the trail and ended up in the small village of Korphe. Physically exhausted, ill, and alone at the time of his arrival there, Mortenson was cared for by some of Korphe's residents while he recovered. As a gesture of gratitude to the community for their assistance to him, Mortenson said he would build a school for the village after he noticed local students attending school in an outdoor location and writing out their lessons in the dirt. Mortenson has since admitted in a 2011 interview that the timing in the Korphe account in Three Cups of Tea is inaccurate, and that the events actually took place long after his descent from K2, over a longer period of time and during separate trips. Literacy in Central Asia

<mask> has written and spoken widely about the importance of education and literacy for girls worldwide. He has further stated that girls' education is the most important investment all countries can make to create stability, bring socio-economic reform, decrease infant mortality and population explosion, as well as improving health, hygiene, and sanitation standards.The lawsuit was dismissed with prejudice in federal court in May 2012. U.S. District Judge Sam Haddon chided the plaintiffs for presenting arguments that he called imprecise, flimsy, and speculative. An appeals suit was dropped by the 9th District Federal Circuit Court on October 10, 2013. On October 6, 2013, after a lengthy lawsuit filed by Central Asia Institute,

masks: Mortenson Mortenson Mortenson


texts:
 Philadelphia Insurance company was ordered by Magistrate Judge Jeremy Lynch to repay Central Asia Institute $1.2 million to pay for legal costs involved in the lawsuits and investigations. In May 2015, the Montana Attorney General stated that Central Asia Institute and <mask> had completed the terms of a three-year compliance monitoring period, and CAI stated that the IRS had completed its examination of the nonprofit. The organization reported that it was having a return in donors and rise in contributions. 3000 Cups of Tea
Jennifer Jordan and Jeff Rhoads refuted the claims against Mortenson in their 2016 documentary 3000 Cups of Tea.In the film and through interviews Jordan showed that the accusations against Mortenson put forward by 60 Minutes and Jon Krakauer were largely not true and both failed to do adequate research and source verification. Jordan said in 2014: "Yes, <mask> is a bad manager and accountant, and he is the first to admit that, but he is also a tireless humanitarian with a crucially important mission." Recognition

Awards
 2003 Al Neuharth Free Spirit of the Year Award for building schools for Pakistani girls. In 2011, Mortenson was diagnosed with hypoxia and had surgery for an aneurysm and an atrial septal defect, an event which exactly coincided with the airing of the 60 Minutes expose and the release of Krakauer's accompanying book. References

External links
Official website of <mask>
Official website of "Pennies For Peace"

"The Real Enemy is Ignorance," <mask>'s Ubben Lecture at DePauw University, November 13, 2008. Living people
American memoirists
American humanitarians
American philanthropists
American Protestants
American mountain climbers
Founders of educational institutions
Education in Afghanistan
Education in Pakistan
Literacy advocates
University of South Dakota alumni
Writers from Bozeman, Montana
People from St. Cloud, Minnesota
People from Roseville, Minnesota
American expatriates in Pakistan
Male nurses
Recipients of the Sitara-e-Pakistan
Year of birth missing (living

masks:
Mortenson
Greg
Greg Mortenson
Greg Mortenson


texts:
Sister () <mask> y <mask>, OP (also known as sor <mask> or sor <mask>, 12 March 1739 – 29 August 1823)
was a Dominican nun and a self-taught writer of the Chilean Colonial period ascribed to Catholic confessional discourse produced by Indian nuns in South American cloisters during the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries. She cultivated the epistolary genre, but also rarely wrote poetry. She entered the religious life in 1751 against her parents' wishes, and began her literary production in 1763 probably by own choice. She is considered today "the best existing sources for the study of the Spanish language that was spoken during the Chilean Colonial period" and the most reliable source for diachronic linguistics. Despite her humble origins, she achieved great influence in the political world of the nascent Republican Chile, especially within government ministers during the Independence, who consulted her regularly. Alongside the autobiography of Ursula Suarez and collections of poems by Juana López and <mask>uín, the epistolary production of <mask> is included today within the first female literary records in Chile that identify and express themselves "in the literate territory of the city and culture of eighteenth-century Chilean colonial society". This is not to say that during that period there were no more written texts by nuns, but probably many of them are gone by authors' request.Biography
There are little biographical data available on <mask> <mask> <mask>, most of which are available in the monastery's records where she lived, some hagiographic publications, and her own confessional handwritten letters. She was born on 25 March 1739; and according to the clergyman and historian José Ignacio <mask> Portales, her parents were Ignacia <mask> and <mask> <mask>, both of humble origin, who was sent her to "Beaterio Dominico de Santa Rosa de Lima"—latter named "Monasterio de Dominicas de Santa Rosa de Lima de Santiago de Chile"—at age of seven, to pursue music studies. On 18 December 1751, aged 12, she decided to enter the convent as a postulant without her

masks:
Josefa de los Dolores Peña
Lillo Barbosa
Josefa de los Dolores
Dolores Peña y Lillo
Tadea de San Joaq
Sister Josefa
Josefa
de los
Dolores
Eyzagure
Barbosa
Alonso Peña
y Lillo


texts:
 parents' permission, made a vow of perpetual chastity at 15 and on 15 October 1756, she made her formal profession as a white veil nun under the tutelage of the Prioress Maria Antonia Wandin, thereby becoming a fully recognized member of the religious community. She lived in the monastery until her death in the first half of the 1820s: the historian <mask> in his 1850s "Historia eclesiástica, política y literaria de Chile, Tomo II" (Ecclesiastical, Political, and Literary History of Chile, Volume II) indicates that it was on 29 August 1823, while Raïssa Kordic, the editor of her work, indicates that she died on 27 August 1822, aged 83. Literary work

Historical context
Nuns' writings in colonial convents were a common practice in South American subcontinent, not only because it allowed to reinforce faith or because it was done "for confessional mandate", but also because it allowed "to express some concerns or dissatisfactions against the lived reality" for including issues related to material and spiritual life that they had within the convent. In this context, literary works by nuns were framed and developed in Chilean convents and monasteries during the colonial period until the 19th century; these included spiritual letters, diaries, autobiographies and epistolaries. Highlighted in these genres Tadea de San Joaquín, Úrsula Suárez and Josefa de los Dolores, whose works became the best known of its kind in the South American region, along with those of Capuchin Sister Maria Jacinta from cloister of Our Lady of the Pillar in Buenos Aires, possibly dating back to the 1820s.Characteristics of her work
Her literary output was based on a series of epistolary letters sent to her confessor Manuel José Álvarez López (1701–1773) of the Society of Jesus—with whom the convent remained a close connection—probably in a period between 15 March 1763, and 7 March 1769, or such later date (as several letters contain no precise data). In 1923, the existence of these manuscripts was first mentioned by the historian José Toribio Medina in History. Letters of women in Chile,


texts:
 1630–1885 (), but without a philological or linguistical point of view and with a short, imprecise descriptive character. Their rescue, analysis and publication started in the 2000s thanks to funding from the National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research, CONICYT. Genre
According to its literary technique, tone, content or length, her literary work is considered part of the epistolary genre, and constitutes "the only so far known in Chile, of significant size, that remains whole", while the subgenre is the letter. Several investigators "undearscore the letter's value as a 'technique' of confession, guided self-analysis, self-knowledge, self-development, and management of the cloistered nuns' inner life". In the case of Sister <mask> <mask> los <mask>, such writings have enabled to know their discursive production, and have allowed to include her in the group of the first female literates in Chile.Corpus
The letters were discovered in the archives of the monastery by the researcher and theorist Raïssa Kordic, who rescued over a hundred epistles "written in tiny italics, and developed in booklets of four to eight pages" that probably do not constitute all of her written work. Such correspondence was held by the Jesuit priest Manuel Álvarez until his departure from Chile in unspecified date due to the expulsion of the Jesuits; those missives passed into the hands of the Bishop and his successors until 1861, when the Prioress of the time requested them: their content was partially censured and then were returned to the monastery. In the early 2000s, an academic group from the University of Chile began a rescue process. Then in 2008, an edition containing 65 letters was published under the title of the "Epistolary of Sister <mask> y Lillo (Chile, 1763–1769)" () that included a critical analysis. Notes

References

Bibliography

1739 births
1823 deaths
Chilean women poets
Roman Catholic writers
18th-century Chilean women writers
Chilean Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns
18th-century Chilean writers
Chilean Dominicans
Chilean non-fiction

masks:
Josefa
de
Dolores
Dolores Peña


texts:
<mask> (born 28 July 1946, Watford) is a Professor in Management at the London campus of Loughborough University, and also the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Institutional Economics. <mask> is recognised as one of the leading figures of modern critical institutionalism which carries forth the critical spirit and intellectual tradition of the founders of institutional economics, particularly that of Thorstein Veblen. His broad research interests span from evolutionary economics and history of economic thought to Marxism and theoretical biology. He first became known for his book Economics and Institutions: A Manifesto for a Modern Institutional Economics (1988), which criticises modern 'mainstream' economics and calls to revise economic theory on the new grounds of institutionalism. His reputation has become enhanced owing to the trilogy of more recent books – Economics and Utopia (1999), How Economics Forgot History (2001) and The Evolution of Institutional Economics (2004) all of which built <mask>'s arguments into a more rounded and powerful critique of mainstream economic theory. In 1988, <mask> was involved in setting up the European Association for Evolutionary Political Economy (EAEPE). He was its general secretary until 1998.In 2000 <mask> co-founded The Other Canon, a center and network for heterodox economics research, with main founder and executive chairman Erik Reinert and others. In 2013, <mask> co-founded the World Interdisciplinary Network for Institutional Research (WINIR). In his 2015 book "Conceptualizing Capitalism" and an article entitled "Legal Institutionalism", he sketched his own research program of a legal institutionalism. Institutions according to <mask>
According to <mask>, institutions are the stuff of social life. He defines them in a 2006 article by saying that institutions are "the systems of established and prevalent social rules that structure social interaction". Examples of institutions may be language,

masks:
Geoffrey Martin Hodgson
Hodgson
Hodgson
Hodgson
Hodgson
Hodgson
Hodgson
Hodgson


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 money, law, systems of weights and measures, table manners and organisations (for example firms). Conventions, that may be included in law, can be regarded to be institutions as well (<mask>, 2006, p. 2).What <mask> considers important about institutions is the way that they structure social life and frame our perceptions and preferences. They also create stable expectations. He argues that: "Generally, institutions enable ordered thought, expectation, and action by imposing form and consistency on human activities". Consequently, institutions enable as well as constrain action. <mask> regards institutions as systems of rules. Broadly understood a rule is "a socially transmitted and customary normative injunction or immanently normative disposition, that in circumstances X do Y" (<mask>, 2006, p. 3). This means that to be effective a rule has to be embedded in dispositions or habits.Mere decrees are not necessarily rules in this sense. Habits and customs help to give a normative status to a legal rule that can help a new law to become effective. In the process of social interaction norms are constantly changed (<mask>, 2006, pp. 3–4)

Books
 Is Socialism Feasible? Towards an Alternative Future (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019). Is There a Future for Heterodox Economics? Institutions, Ideology and a Scientific Community (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019).Evolutionary Economics: Its Nature and Future (Cambridge University Press, 2019). Wrong Turnings: How the Left Got Lost (University of Chicago Press, 2018). Conceptualizing Capitalism: Institutions, Evolution, Future (University of Chicago Press, 2015)
 From Pleasure Machines to Moral Communities: An Evolutionary Economics without Homo Economicus (University of Chicago Press, 2013)
 (Edited with Charles Camic) Essential Writings of Thorstein Veblen (Routledge, London and New York, 2011). (With Thorbjoern Knudsen) Darwin's Conjecture: The Search for General Principles of Social and Economic Evolution

masks: Hodgson Hodgson Hodgson Hodgson Hodgson


texts:
 (University of Chicago Press, 2010). .
 Economics in the Shadows of Darwin and Marx (Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 2006). . . The Evolution of Institutional Economics: Agency, Structure and Darwinism in American Institutionalism (Routledge, London, 2004). A Modern Reader in Evolutionary and Institutional Economics (Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham and Northampton, 2002)
 How Economics Forgot History: The Problem of Historical Specificity in Social Science (Routledge, London, 2001). . Also in a Chinese edition.Evolution and Institutions: On Evolutionary Economics and the Evolution of Economics  (Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham and Northampton, 1999)
 Economics and Utopia: Why the Learning Economy is Not the End of History (Routledge, London, 1999)
 Economics and Evolution: Bringing Life Back Into Economics (University of Michigan Press and Polity Press, 1993). Economics and Institutions: A Manifesto for a Modern Institutional Economics (Polity Press, Cambridge, and University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1988). After Marx and Sraffa: Essays in Political Economy (Macmillan Press, London, 1991). The Democratic Economy: A New Look at Planning, Markets and Power (Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1984). Capitalism, Value and Exploitation (Martin Robertson, Oxford, 1982). Labour at the Crossroads (Martin Robertson, Oxford, 1981). Socialism and Parliamentary Democracy (Spokesman, Nottingham, 1977.Also in Italian, Spanish, Turkish and Japanese editions)
 Trotsky and Fatalistic Marxism (Spokesman, Nottingham. 1975). .

References
 <mask>, G.M., ‘What are institutions?’, Journal of Economic Issues 2006 vol. 40 no.1, p. 2–4 (on the internet: )

External links

 <mask>'s homepage
 <mask>'s New Politics blog
 Journal of Institutional Economics
 World Interdisciplinary Network for Institutional Research (WINIR)
 How Did Economics Get into Such a State? Academics of the University of Hertfordshire
English economists
People from Watford
1946 births
Living

masks:
Hodgson
Geoffrey Hodgson
Geoffrey Hodgson


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<mask> (, born 8 May 1999) is a Bosnian professional basketball player for Río Breogán of the Liga ACB. Standing at  and weighing , <mask> plays the small forward position. He was selected by the Brooklyn Nets with the 29th pick in the 2018 NBA draft. Early career
Born in Bihać, Bosnia and Herzegovina, <mask> began playing soccer at first, before choosing to focus on basketball. <mask> started playing junior basketball in the youth setup at KK Bosna XXL, when he was 8 years old. He then moved to Sarajevo-based KK Koš, before joining Croatian team KK Cedevita in 2014. Professional career

Cedevita (2014–2018)
In December 2014, he signed a deal with Croatian team Cedevita.<mask> made his debut in Europe's top-tier level competition, the EuroLeague, on 15 October 2015, making him the ninth-youngest player to make their debut in the EuroLeague. <mask> played the first 4:55 minutes of the game and recorded 4 points. In June 2017, <mask> attended the Adidas Eurocamp, a basketball camp based in Treviso for international NBA draft prospects. He was named the Eurocamp 2017 Most Improved Player. In the 2017–18 season, while a member of Cedevita, <mask> was awarded the EuroCup Rising Star Trophy, after averaging 10.5 points and 3.2 rebounds per game, in 16 games played in Europe's 2nd-tier level EuroCup competition. He was also named the ABA League Top Prospect as well as to the All-ABA League Team for the 2017–18 season. Brooklyn Nets (2018–2020)
On April 12, 2018, <mask> declared for the 2018 NBA draft, where he was expected to be a first round selection.On June 21, he was selected with the 29th overall pick by the Brooklyn Nets. On July 12, the Nets signed <mask> to a rookie scale contract. During his rookie season, <mask> has had multiple assignments to the Long Island Nets of the NBA G League. On November 19, 2020, <mask> was traded to the Detroit Pistons in a three-team trade. On December 21, 2020, <mask> was waived by the Pistons. Anadolu Efes (2021)
On January 13, 2021, <mask> signed a 2.5 year contract with

masks:
Džanan Musa
Musa
Musa
Musa
Musa
Musa
Musa
Musa
Musa
Musa
Musa
Musa
Musa
Musa


texts:
 Anadolu Efes of the Turkish Basketball Super League. On June 27, 2021, Efes used their option to exit from their mutual contract and <mask> became a free agent.His short run with the Turkish club had four EuroLeague appearances and a short playing time total of 12 minutes. He also played in eight Turkish league games, averaging 11.4 points per game. Río Breogán (2021–present)
On July 21, 2021, <mask> signed with Río Breogán of the Liga ACB. National team career
<mask> played at the 2014 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship with the Bosnian national Under-16 team, leading the tournament in scoring, at 23.0 points per game. He also played at the 2015 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship, which he led in scoring, at 23.3 points per game, and in assisting, at 6.3 assists per game. He also averaged 9.0 rebounds per game, during the tournament. In the tournament's finals game, against the tournament's hosts, Lithuania, <mask> scored 33 points, to go along with his 8 rebounds, 7 assists, 3 steals and 2 blocks, leading his team to an 85–83 victory, and securing a gold medal for his team.<mask> was named the MVP of the tournament, and he was also selected to the All-Tournament Team. <mask> also played at the 2016 FIBA Under-17 World Cup, which he led in scoring, at 34.0 points per game. He also averaged 8.1 rebounds and 3.0 assists per game. During the tournament, <mask> scored 50 points, in 27 minutes played, in a game against Chinese Taipei, which is the current record for the most points scored in a single game at the FIBA Under-17 World Cup tournament. players
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate basketball people in the United States
Bosnia and Herzegovina men's basketball players
Bosniaks of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina Muslims
Brooklyn Nets draft picks
Brooklyn Nets players
CB Breogán players
Expatriate basketball people in Turkey
KK Cedevita players
Liga ACB players
Long Island Nets players
National Basketball Association players from Bosnia and Herzegovina
People from Bihać
Shooting guards
Small

masks: Musa Musa Musa Musa Musa Musa Musa


texts: <mask> (classical ; 4 April 182029 October 1907) was an Armenian Apostolic Church leader, educator, and publisher who served as Catholicos of All Armenians from 1893 to 1907. During this period he was known as <mask> of Van (Մկրտիչ Ա Վանեցի, <mask>i). A native of Van, one of the largest cities in Turkish (Western) Armenia, <mask> became a celibate priest (vardapet) in 1854 after the death of his wife and daughter. In the 1850s and 1860s he served as the abbot of two important monasteries in Turkish Armenia: Varagavank near Van and Surb Karapet Monastery near Mush. During this period he established schools and journals in both monasteries. He served as Patriarch of Constantinople—the most influential figure within the Ottoman Armenian community—from 1869 to 1873 and resigned due to pressure from the Ottoman government which saw him as a threat. He was the head of the Armenian delegation at the 1878 Congress of Berlin.Returning from Europe, he encouraged Armenian peasants to follow the example of Christian Balkan peoples by launching an armed struggle for autonomy or independence from the Ottoman Turks. Between 1879 and 1885 he served as prelate of Van, after which he was forced into exile to Jerusalem. He was elected as head of the Armenian Church in 1892, however, he was enthroned more than a year later and served in that position until his death. He opposed the Russian government's attempt to confiscate the properties of the Armenian Church in 1903, which was later canceled in part due to his efforts. Khrimian further endorsed the liberation movement of the Armenian revolutionaries. He is a towering figure in modern Armenian history and has been affectionately

masks:
Mkrtich Khrimian
Mkrtich I
Mkrtich A Vanets
Khrimian


texts:
 called Khrimian Hayrik (hayrik is diminutive for "father"). A well-known defender of Armenian interests and aspirations, his progressive activities are seen as having laid the groundwork for the rise of Armenian nationalism and the consequent national liberation movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.Early life, education, and travels
<mask> was born in the Aygestan (Aikesdan) quarter of Van. His father, a weaver, died when <mask> was a child and he was brought up by his uncle, Khachatur, a merchant. The root of his last name, Khrim, is the Armenian language term for Crimea, suggests a link his family had with the peninsula. He received informal education at parochial schools of Lim and Ktuts islands in Lake Van and Varagavank, where he studied classical Armenian, history, and ecclesiastical literature. Upon returning to Van in 1842, he embarked on a journey across the region and made a pilgrimage to Etchmiadzin, the center of the Armenian Church. Khrimian wished to continue his education at a European university, but this desire was never realized. He lived in Constantinople from 1844 to 1846 where he made connections with Armenian intellectuals.Returning to Van in 1846, he married Mariam Sevikian. In 1847 he crossed to Persia and the Russian Caucasus, where he visited the Ararat plain, Shirak, and Nakhichevan. He lived in Alexandropol (Gyumri) for six months. In 1848 once again moved to Constantinople via Tiflis, Batumi, and Trabzon. From 1848 to 1850 he taught at an all-girl school in Constantinople's Khasgiugh (Hasköy) quarter. In 1851 he traveled to Cilicia where he was sent to report on the state of Armenian schools. By traveling and living in

masks: Khrimian Mkrtich


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 various Armenian-populated provinces, he acquired an intimate knowledge of the problems and aspirations of ordinary Armenians.He was upset with the apathy the upper and middle classes of the Armenian community of Constantinople showed towards provincial Armenians. Returning to Van in 1853, he found himself with no immediate family left; his wife, daughter, and mother had died. He thereafter decided to devote himself to a life in the Armenian Apostolic Church. In 1854, at age 34, Khirimian was ordained as vardapet (celibate priest) at the Aghtamar Cathedral in Lake Van. In 1855 he was appointed abbot of the Holy Cross Church in Scutari (Üsküdar), near Constantinople. <mask> began production of the periodical Artsvi Vaspurakan at a publishing house located next to his Scutari church. Van, Mush, and Constantinople

Monasteries of Varag and Surb Karapet
Khrimian returned to Van in 1857 and established the Zharangavorats School at Varagavank monastery.He founded a publishing house at the monastery, through which he resumed the publication of Artsvi Vaspurakan in 1859. Its publication continued until 1864. In 1862 he was appointed abbot of the Surb Karapet Monastery near Mush, which meant he was also the prelate of Taron. He revitalized the monastery and transformed it into a flourishing center. He founded a school there and a journal, called Artsvik Tarono. He succeeded in convincing the wali (governor) of the Erzurum Vilayet to lower taxes for Armenians. Patriarch of Constantinople
On 20 October 1868, <mask> was ordained as a bishop in Etchmiadzin.On 4 September 1869 he was elected as the Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople, who was the de facto leader of the

masks: Khrimian Khrimian


texts: Armenian community of the Ottoman Empire in both religious and secular matters. According to Ali Tekkoyun, a Turkish scholar of religion, his election indicated that the Amira (wealthiest) class and the imperial authorities lost power over the Armenians as went against their interests. He cleared the patriarchate's debt and sought to increase the provincial representation in the Armenian National Assembly. As the de facto political leader of the Christian Armenian millet in the eyes of the Sublime Porte, he prepared a detailed report documenting instances of oppression, persecution, and miscarriage of justice in the Armenian provinces and presented the document to the Sublime Porte. Khrimian used the position to advance the interests and conditions of the poor and oppressed provincial Armenians. The Khrimian report, officially titled First Report on Provincial Oppressions needs to be understood in the context of the Tanzimat reforms (1839, 1856). Aimed at centralizing the administration and improving the tax base of the government, the reforms had not been effectively implemented in the more peripheral parts of the Empire, among them the Anatolian provinces.As a consequence, the local populations often suffered from double taxation, both from the central government and from the part of local tribal leaders who had access to tax farming rights, most of them Kurdish notables. Issues explicitly mentioned in <mask>'s report include: violence committed by tax farmers against the local population, forced conversions to Islam and other crimes committed out of religious fanaticism, over-taxation, and neglect of tax farmer duties, leading to harvest losses. The report


texts:
 also made several suggestions on how to address the above-mentioned problems: In particular, the Kurdish tribesmen were supposed to be disarmed and taught an agricultural lifestyle. Moreover, the report asked for the creation of an effective police force, with Armenians being allowed to serve at all levels, and for transparent communication of the Sublime Porte's orders. His outspokenness about the issues facing the Armenian population annoyed not only the Ottoman authorities but some of the Armenian wealthy elite as well. According to Gerard Libaridian, the promotion of rights of provincial Armenians "made him an enemy of many influential Armenians in Istanbul." He was compelled to resign by the Ottoman government in 1873.Armayis Vartooguian wrote in 1896 that <mask> "could have held the post of Patriarch of Constantinople for life had he not been driven to resign by the intrigues of the Turkish Government, which disliked him very much because of his zeal for the well-being of his flock." Following his resignation, Khrimian dedicated his time to literary pursuits. Berlin Congress
In the aftermath of the 1877–78 Russo-Turkish War, <mask> led the Armenian delegation at the Congress of Berlin. The delegation's mission was to present a memorandum to the great powers concerning the implementation of reforms in the Armenian provinces of the Ottoman Empire. The delegation's main goal was to secure substantial reforms in the Armenian provinces that would be supervised by European powers—which meant Russia in reality, as its troops where stationed in parts of Armenia. Armenians hoped that Russian pressure (and threat of intervention) would force the Ottoman government


texts: to improve conditions in the Armenian provinces. The Armenian delegation furthermore demanded some form of autonomy for the Armenian provinces, similar to the Maronite autonomy in Mount Lebanon, but did not advocate breakup of the Ottoman Empire or annexation of the Armenian provinces into Russia.The Treaty of Berlin, which was signed on 13 July 1878, is considered a failure of the Armenian mission to the congress by historians. It failed to force the Ottoman government to implement real reforms. Panossian writes that all the Armenian delegation received were "toothless promises." In the congress, Khrimian witnessed the Christian Balkan peoples (Serbs, Montenegrins, and Bulgarians) achieving independence or some degree of autonomy. After returning to Constantinople, Khrimian delivered a series of speeches "which secured him a place in the radicalisation of Armenian thinking, and the clear and forceful articulation of demands based on nationalist principles." He gave a well-known sermon in which he called for the armament of the Armenians in order to fight for an independent Armenia. He told his flock that "Armenia, in contrast with the Christian states of the Balkans, did not win autonomy from the Porte because no Armenian blood had been shed in the cause of freedom."Famous for its allegories, the sermon is considered to have initiated the Armenian revolutionary movement. In the sermon, he "used an analogy of a ladle and dish with the sword and freedom in explaining the Balkan countries' struggle for freedom during the Congress. For him, the freedom of Armenia was only possible through the use of armed force." In particular, he stated: "There, where guns talk and


texts:
 swords make noise, what significance do appeals and petitions have?" He added:

Prelate of Van and exile

After his return from Europe, <mask> demonstration, four representatives of the Armenian National Assembly (<mask>, Garegin Srvandztiants, Matthew Izmirlian, Grigoris Aleatjian) presented a report criticizing the Ottoman government for the treatment of the Armenian peasantry. In December 1890, he was exiled to Jerusalem "under pretense of being on a pilgrimage." He lived in the St. James monastery in the city's Armenian Quarter. Catholicos
On 5 May 1892, an election held at Etchmiadzin unanimously elected Khrimian to the position of Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church. According to Vartooguian, "Khrimian's popularity was so overwhelming that any one opposing him would be recognized by the nation as a traitor. Khrimian was recognized as the standard of patriotism, and whoever sought the best interests of the nation could not but favor his election."Vartooguian adds that the Russian imperial government was displeased with his election as they sought to incorporate the Armenian Church under the jurisdiction of the Russian Orthodox Church in an attempt to Russify the Armenian population. <mask>, aged 72, was not initially allowed to travel to Etchmiadzin by Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II. Over a year later, after the Russian emperor's request was he granted permission to travel, but only if he did not set foot in Turkey. According to Hacikyan et al., the Ottomans feared "excessive manifestations of jubilations by the Armenians." The Ottoman government forbade <mask> from traveling to Echmiadzin through their territory, and so he was required to travel via

masks: Khrimianpu Khrimian Khrimian Khrimian


texts:
 Jaffa, Alexandria, Trieste, Vienna, Odessa, Sevastopol, Batumi, and then Tiflis. Some 17 months after his election, he was enthroned as Catholicos on 26 September 1893. His Ottoman citizenship was revoked and he became a Russian subject.In 1895, he traveled to Saint Petersburg to meet the Russian Tsar Nicholas II to request the implementation of reforms in the Ottoman Empire's Armenian provinces. During the Hamidian massacres of 1894–96, Khrimian provided material assistance to the Armenian refugees. Among his other accomplishments were the renovations of numerous ancient monasteries and churches. In June 1903, the Russian government issued an edict to close down Armenian schools and confiscate the properties of the Armenian Church, including the treasures of Etchmiadzin. The act had the primary purpose of accelerating the process of Russification of the Armenian people and church. <mask> collaborated with the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF or Dashnaktsutyun) to organize mass demonstrations against the edict. According to the historian Rouben Paul Adalian, it was a combination of Dashnaktsutyun's popular resistance and Khrimian's personal defiance that resulted in the edict being canceled in 1905.In 1907, Khrimian clarified the relations between the patriarch of Constantinople and emphasized the primacy of the see of Echmiadzin. In September of that year he sent a letter to Nicholas II in which he called upon the Russian government to prevent the violence then facing the Ottoman Empire's Armenian population. Views and ideological influence

Progressivism

In the 1860s and 1870s, <mask> was, along with Harutiun Svadjian, one of the major liberal Armenian


texts:
 activists in the Ottoman Empire. At the same time, liberals like Grigor Artsruni, Mikael Nalbandian, and Stepanos Nazarian were active in the Russian Empire. Arra Avakian described him as a "very progressive educator." American feminist Alice Stone Blackwell wrote in 1917: "All his views were progressive" and praised his promotion of female education: "He was a strong advocate of education for girls, and in one of his books, The Family of Paradise, he argues against the prevailing Oriental idea that husbands have a right to rule over their wives by force." Derderian also noted his "belief in the importance of educating women" and his encouragement of "participation of women in spreading enlightenment principles."Another author stated that he made "voluminous contribution to progressive Armenian intellectualism." Vartooguian, writing in 1896, suggested that Khrimian "was a conservative in matters of the Church." Nationalism
Razmik Panossian writes that Khrimian had a powerful influence on Armenian nationalism. According to Panossian, he is the "single most important nineteenth century figure to have entered Armenian consciousness as the bearer of the radical message of national liberation". According to Tekkoyun, "Khrimian was a prominent figure in the formation of the Armenian nationalism." H. F. B. Lynch, who visited Etchmiadzin in 1893, wrote about Khrimian in his book on Armenia: "With him religion and patriotism are almost interchangeable terms." In the words of Adalian, Khrimian is "revered for his patriotic fervor and staunch defense of Armenian national interests."Another author described him as a "major spokesman for Armenian nationalist aspirations on


texts:
 the international stage." According to Tekkoyun, Khrimian "always advocated the awareness of laymen with nationalistic and patriotic ideas, which was possible only through the medium of journals and literature." Khrimian particularly emphasized the use of vernacular language in his writings. <mask>'s view of Armenian nationalism as a cultural reawakening transformed into nationalism as an armed revolutionary movement in response to the repressive regime of Ottoman and Russian government as well as European policies towards Armenia. Khrimian explicitly endorsed the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnaktsutyun) in an 1896 letter to the Armenians of Van, in which he wrote:

Before this the church had maintained a distance from the Armenian revolutionary groups as the latter saw the former as a conservative institution. It was Khrimian who welcomed revolutionary activism, especially by the Dashnaktsutyun, the most influential Armenian party. According to Panossian, Khrimian thus radicalised, to a certain degree, the Armenian Church and as such secularised in its vision of the Armenian nation.Death and legacy

<mask> died on 29 October 1907. He was buried, like many of his predecessors, at the courtyard of Etchmiadzin Cathedral. Sculptor Sergey Merkurov made his death mask. Khrimian was revered by Armenians during his lifetime. He was called Hayrik (diminutive for "father") since his time as abbot of Surb Karapet Monastery near Mush in the early 1860s. Sarkis Atamian claims that "[n]o man, perhaps, in Armenian history, has come to symbolize the kind, wise, paternalistic leader of his flock as did Khrimian who was given the title Hairig (little father) in


texts: affection by his people." Jack Kalpakian describes Khrimian as "second only to the mythical Haik as the nation's father figure."Khrimian largely focused his efforts on the common people rather than the Armenian elite and is thus considered a "hero of the common people." Catholicos Vazgen I (r. 1955–94) called Khrimian the "greatest revolutionary [of the Armenian peasantry]". Panossian writes that Khrimian was committed throughout his life to the betterment of the conditions of provincial Armenian and of Armenian rights in general. Khrimian has been described as "one of the few truly great figures in the history of the Armenian Church" and "one of the most famous and beloved national-religious figures of his time." Another author called him "the most beloved Armenian patriarch of modern times." Patricia Cholakian wrote of him: "a man of great personal holiness, had been among the first to inspire the persecuted Armenians to a love of learning and a sense of pride in their heritage." The prominent linguist Hrachia Acharian called him a true Christian, a true patriot, and a true popular man.The Missionary Herald wrote in 1891 about Khrimian: "a man to whom all the Armenian nation look up to with great respect. He has labored honestly and earnestly for good of his nation." Alice Stone Blackwell wrote of him in 1917 as "the grandest figure in modern Armenian history" and added that "He was deeply loved and venerated for his wisdom and saintliness." Prominent Armenian poet Avetik Isahakyan wrote in a 1945 article: "The Armenian people will not forget him. The more time passes, the brighter his memory will become. He will look at the Armenian people from the depth of


texts:
 centuries and speak with a familiar language about her cherished aspirations and immortal goals." Khrimian is the subject of paintings of several prominent Armenian artists, such as Ivan Aivazovsky, Yeghishe Tadevosyan, and Vardges Sureniants.Armenian-American composer Alan Hovhaness wrote a concerto titled Khrimian Hairig in October 1944. In his own words, "The music was inspired by a portrait of the heroic priest <mask> Hairig, who led the Armenian people through many persecutions." The composition was first commercially recorded in 1995 by the Manhattan Chamber Orchestra, conducted by Richard Auldon Clark. A school in Yerevan, Armenia's capital, founded by Khrimian in 1906 and renamed for the 26 Baku Commissars during the Soviet period, was renamed after him in 1989. Publications

Khrimian authored essays and books. His most notable works are the following:
1850: Հրաւիրակ Արարատեան, Hravirak Araratian (Convoker to Ararat): "a verse essay in classical Armenian in which he assumes the role of guide and leads a group of youths though the history and geography of the ancestral homeland, extolling its ancient glories and exquisite beauty in an attempt to instill a love and passion for the mother country in the young generation"
1851: Հրաւիրակ երկրին աւետեաց, Hravirak yerkrin avetiatz (Convoker to the Promised Land): "a similar verse essay published after a trip to the Holy Land in which he leads youths on a tour of the holy sites, teaching them the essence of Christianity as they go." 1876: Խաչի ճառը, Khachi char (Discourse on the Cross)
1876: Ժամանակ եւ խորհուրդ իւր, Zhamanak yev khorhurd yur (Time and its mystery)
1876: Դրախտի ընտանիք, Drakhti entanik (The


texts:
 family of paradise)
1878: Սիրաք եւ Սամուէլ, Sirak yev Samuel: "a treatise on child education"
1894: Պապիկ եւ թոռնիկ, Papik yev tornik (Grandfather and grandson): Agop Jack Hacikyan et al.consider it his best work. 1900: Թագաւորաց ժողով, Tagavorats zhoghov (The meeting of kings)
1901: Վերջալոյսի ձայներ, Verjaluysi dzayner (Sounds of twilight): a collection of poetry

Notes

References

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

 Khrimian at ArmenianHouse.org

1820 births
1907 deaths
19th-century Oriental Orthodox bishops
20th-century Oriental Orthodox bishops
Armenian Oriental Orthodox Christians
Armenian Patriarchs of Constantinople
Catholicoi of Armenia
19th-century Armenian poets
20th-century Armenian poets
Armenian male writers
Armenian essayists
Armenian educators
Armenian theologians
Armenian nationalists
Armenians of the Ottoman Empire
People from Van,


texts:
<mask> (born 16 April 1997) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Richmond Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He is a three-time premiership player with the club and in 2017 he received the award for the AFL's Goal of the Year. Early life and junior football
<mask> was born in Fremantle, Western Australia and grew up in Pirlangimpi on Melville Island, among the Tiwi Islands of the Northern Territory. He first attended high school at St John's Catholic College in Darwin and played competitive football with the St Mary's Football Club in the Northern Territory Football League. He moved away from home to Victoria at age 14 however, where he boarded at St Patricks College in Ballarat and played in the school's 2015 state schools championship winning side. In 2015 he played nine

masks:
Daniel Rioli
Rioli