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 after him. He had been a member of the MCC since 1898, and had played for the club, United Services, and the Navy.There is also a hamlet and post office named after him in Saskatchewan. He was married on 11 December 1897, to Lina MacLeay (1868–1935), daughter of Colonel Alexander Caldcleugh MacLeay. They had one daughter. Naval career
Arbuthnot entered the navy in 1877 as a cadet in the training ship Britannia. Upon acquiring command rank, Arbuthnot quickly developed a reputation as a dedicated but highly inflexible and detail-obsessed martinet, with a passion for "the highest authoritarian standard of discipline, mercilessly enforced." Even by the strict disciplinary standards of the Royal Navy, Arbuthnot's zeal was unusual; in 1900 as executive officer of Royal Sovereign, Arbuthnot wrote and published A Battleship Commander's Order Book, containing some 300 pages of detailed standing orders for his crew, when a ship's Commander at this time would typically produce just a few pages of special instructions to act as an addendum to the standardized King's Regulations procedural manual. While the book remains a valuable source of historical information on details of life aboard a battleship at this time, it made Arbuthnot the butt of so many jokes from his contemporaries that he later allegedly requested it not be mentioned in his biographical entry in Who's Who in the Navy.Aside from his love of discipline, he also continued his obsession with physical and spiritual fitness, spending several hours each day performing strenuous exercises on deck, rain or shine, attending daily church services and


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 lecturing his crew on Christian virtue. Although largely regarded with bemused admiration by his superiors and respectful fear by his subordinates, his extreme nature caused some to consider him a fanatic; Andrew Gordon describes him as "in a colloquial if not a clinical sense, insane." He was severely wounded in November 1901, when a 6-inch gun, which was being prepared to celebrate the King's birthday, exploded on board the Royal Sovereign, killing six men. Following recovery, he was promoted to captain on 26 June 1902, and later that year ordered to the President for RN College

In January 1910, while commanding officer of the battleship , Arbuthnot made a speech at the Auto-Cycle Union, which was at the time considered very inflammatory, especially considering that British flag officers were under standing orders to avoid political intrigues. He spoke boldly of the German menace and insisted that urgent preparations against it were essential. He said that ever since the German Emperor came to the throne, he had been preparing for the invasion of the country. A General election was in progress and he urged that "to prevent that, the first thing to do was to keep the Liberals out of power".Arbuthnot's remarks caused consternation within the Royal Navy and a minor diplomatic incident with Germany; the German government made a formal protest and the Admiralty demanded an explanation from Arbuthnot, during which he refused to recant his remarks or apologize. He was quickly relieved of his command and placed on half pay. However, shortly thereafter he was appointed to the submarine committee (March


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 to December), and then appointed commodore commanding the First Destroyer Flotilla at Harwich, where he remained 1910–1912. He was also aide-de-camp to King George V from 1911 to 1912, and was promoted to Rear-Admiral in July 1912. In 1913 he was appointed second-in-command of the Second Battle Squadron commanded by Vice-Admiral Sir George Warrender, flying his own flag from the dreadnought Orion. Outbreak of war
Following the outbreak of war in 1914, Arbuthnot's slavishly doctrinaire nature proved harmful to his command abilities, particularly during the German raid on Scarborough when he allowed a group of German light cruisers and destroyers to escape without resistance because he had not yet received official orders from Warrender to open fire. Orions captain, Frederic Charles Dreyer, had his 13.5-inch guns trained on the enemy ships and later claimed that he repeatedly requested permission to fire, but despite the battle having already been joined for several hours, Arbuthnot refused to allow Dreyer to fire before receiving Warrender's explicit order (via flag hoist) to do so.By the time Warrender (attending to other aspects of the battle in HMS King George V) realized the cause of Arbuthnot's reticence and had the order hoisted, the ships had already turned away and escaped. Arbuthnot was appointed commander of the 1st Cruiser Squadron in January 1915, with the obsolete armoured cruiser HMS Defence as his flagship. Admiral John Jellicoe, commanding the Grand Fleet, noted that all was not entirely well with the squadron under Arbuthnot: "Arbuthnot is one of the finest fellows in the world,


texts:
 but somehow can't run a squadron. His ideals are too high and he can't leave people alone." Still, Jellicoe believed, "He would be invaluable when there is fighting. I have the highest opinion of him." Performance at the Battle of Jutland
Defence with the admiral on board was sunk at the Battle of Jutland on 31 May 1916, in circumstances described by Admiral of the Fleet Lord Fisher as "a glorious but not a justifiable death".Rear-Admiral Horace Hood commanding the 3rd Battlecruiser Squadron had briefly engaged light cruisers of the German 2nd Scouting Group, damaging several as they steamed away from the High Seas Fleet at high speed during the initial "Run to the North" stage of the battle. Arbuthnot had seen the engagement and impetuously decided to engage the German cruisers at close range before they could escape; he promptly turned his squadron in pursuit, cutting directly across the path of the 1st Battlecruiser Squadron commanded by David Beatty. In the course of this turn, first Defence and then HMS Warrior steamed directly in front of HMS Lion, forcing it to turn sharply, missing collision with it by less than 200 yards. The British battlecruisers were at that time exchanging shells with their German counterparts as they ran north, drawing the Germans towards the main body of the Grand Fleet: Arbuthnot had turned into an area full of falling shells which other ships had been striving to avoid and was blocking Lion's return fire. The third cruiser of his squadron, HMS Duke of Edinburgh, was unable to cross the battlecruiser line, so stayed behind, while the final cruiser, HMS Black


texts: Prince, was also too far away to join the mad dash. Arbuthnot's goal was apparently aggressively to close at high speed with the drifting, crippled German light cruiser Wiesbaden in order to finish her off. In the process, however, his obsolete and poorly armoured ships obstructed any covering fire from Beatty's better-armoured battlecruisers and presented themselves as an easy target for the combined firepower of German Admiral Franz von Hipper's modern battlecruiser squadron.A lieutenant watching aghast from HMS Malaya later noted "When I first saw them, I [knew] they were doomed." Within minutes, Defence was destroyed with all 903 hands in a massive magazine explosion after taking fire from  at close range. Captain Gunther Paschen of Lützow recorded, "From left to right there appears in the field of the periscope a ship, improbably large and close. At the first glance I recognise an old English armoured cruiser and give the necessary orders...Range 76 hm....Five salvoes rapidly follow, of which three straddle: then there was repeated the now familiar sight of a ship blowing up." Captain Georg von Hase of the battlecruiser Derfflinger also spotted Defence, but did not even have time to train his guns before she was blown up by Lützow. Warrior fought on, but was soon crippled by fifteen shell hits. She was unintentionally saved from impending destruction by the super-dreadnought Warspite, which was forced to turn in circles around Warrior because of a stuck rudder, drawing the enemy fire to herself in the process.While Warspites heavy armour allowed her to withstand the pounding and return to


texts: port under her own power, Warrior used the opportunity to withdraw, limped away with mortal damage, and was allowed to founder while under tow the next day. Black Prince was blown up with the loss of all hands that night after blundering into the main German battle line in the dark, leaving Duke of Edinburgh as the sole vessel in 1st Cruiser Squadron to survive Jutland. Arbuthnot's unwise 'berserk rush' towards the enemy was likely a result of his impetuous and overzealous nature; Steel & Hart likened Arbuthnot to "a bulldog with its teeth firmly into its prey...as if only he and they existed. No thought of his smoke obfuscating the view of the all-important battlecruisers and dreadnoughts. No thought of what might lie ahead cloaked in the poor visibility. No thought, really, at all, at least as far as can now be judged." Marder speculates that Arbuthnot's rush may have also partially stemmed from his quasi-religious zeal in obeying Grand Fleet standing orders, which did, in fact, call for cruisers to rapidly seek out and report on the position of the enemy main battle fleet, which was not immediately in view.Walter Cowan, captain of the battlecruiser HMS Princess Royal saw the cruisers approaching the German fleet and commented he would "bet anything" it was Arbuthnot. One beneficiary of the fiasco was the destroyer , which was engaged in a torpedo attack on the German fleet at this time. The more interesting targets Defence, Warrior and then Warspite drew fire away from her, allowing her to escape. Her commander, John Tovey, went on to play a part in the sinking of the German battleship


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 Bismarck in the Second World War. A memorial plaque was erected to Arbuthnot in St. Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh. and he was posthumously made a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath, having been made a Companion already in 1916. Notes

References

External links

Biography at The Dreadnought Project
Family tree
Memorial plaque

1864 births
1916 deaths
English people of Scottish descent
People from Stratford-on-Avon District
Military personnel from Warwickshire
Deaths due to shipwreck at sea
<mask> Arbuthnot, Sir, 4th Baronet
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
British military personnel killed in World War I
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Members of the Royal Victorian Order
Royal Navy admirals of World War I
English people of Irish descent
Isle of Man TT riders
English motorcycle


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<mask> (born July 20, 1994) is an American professional baseball outfielder for the Pittsburgh Pirates of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the Toronto Blue Jays. High school and college
<mask> attended Petal High School in Mississippi, where he was the quarterback of the football team in addition to playing baseball. As a senior, he recorded 2,058 passing yards and 20 passing touchdowns, in addition to 1,731 rushing yards and 24 rushing touchdowns, and played in the U.S. Army All-American Bowl. In the same year, he batted .483 with four home runs and stole 14 bases in 14 attempts. <mask> attended University of Southern Mississippi, where he played college football. In the 2012 season, he contributed to the team as the starting quarterback in only five games due in part to a suspension for getting into a fight on campus.He was a dual-threat quarterback with the Golden Eagles. In the 2012 season, he was 57-of-127 for 664 yards and two touchdowns through the air. He had 105 carries for 329 yards and six touchdowns on the ground. Due to a coaching change at Southern Miss and his ineffectiveness at quarterback, <mask> transferred to the University of Mississippi where he also struggled. Professional career

Toronto Blue Jays
<mask> was projected as a first-round talent going into the 2012 Major League Baseball draft, but made it clear that his intention was to continue playing football, leading many teams to pass over him due to signability concerns. The Toronto Blue Jays drafted <mask> in the third round, 112th overall. He signed a contract with Toronto which paid him a $750,000 bonus and allowed him to attend university to play football, and then play baseball in the summer.<mask> made his professional baseball debut as a member of the Gulf Coast League Blue Jays in 2012 and played in five games, where he hit .167 with one home run and four stolen bases. Following the

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Anthony Joseph Alford
Alford
Alford
Alford
Alford
Alford
Alford


texts: baseball season, he began attending the University of Southern Mississippi as a member of the football team, but transferred to the University of Mississippi after one year following an on-campus fight. <mask> played six games in the Gulf Coast League in 2013, batting .227 with two RBI and two stolen bases. Due to NCAA transfer rules, he was not allowed to play football for the Ole Miss Rebels in 2013. The following year, <mask> played nine games for the Bluefield Blue Jays of the Appalachian League and was then promoted to the Class-A Lansing Lugnuts for five games. In total, he batted .259 with two home runs, five RBI, and five stolen bases. He was relegated to a backup safety role for the Rebels in 2014, and made just six tackles in four games.On September 30, 2014, it was announced that <mask> was leaving Ole Miss to join the Blue Jays organization full-time, and planning on attending their fall instructional league before playing in the Australian Baseball League. He would go on to play 36 games with the Canberra Cavalry, and batted .200 with three home runs, eight RBI, and seven stolen bases. <mask> opened the 2015 season with the Lansing Lugnuts. On June 5, he was named a Midwest League midseason All-Star. At that time, <mask> led the league with a .446 on-base percentage. He was promoted to the Advanced-A Dunedin Blue Jays on June 25, and played the remainder of the season there. <mask> played in 107 total games in 2015, and batted .298 with four home runs, 35 RBI, and 27 stolen bases.He was invited to Major League spring training on January 12, 2016, and reassigned to minor league camp on March 12. <mask> was assigned to the Dunedin Blue Jays to open the 2016 minor league season. On June 10, <mask> suffered a concussion after colliding with a teammate in the outfield, and needed to be stretchered off the field. He returned from injury on June 22. <mask> struggled in 2016, batting at

masks: Alford Alford Alford Alford Alford Alford Alford Alford Alford


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 or near the Mendoza Line for the first half of the year. Near the end of July, he appeared to find his stroke, raising his season batting average to a high of .249 on August 16. He finished the season with a .236 average, nine home runs, 44 RBI, and 18 stolen bases.After the 2016 season, the Blue Jays assigned <mask> to the Mesa Solar Sox of the Arizona Fall League. On October 31, <mask> was named an AFL All-Star. The Blue Jays added him to their 40-man roster after the season to protect him from the Rule 5 draft. <mask> appeared in 23 games for Mesa during the Fall League season, and hit .253 with three home runs and 15 RBI. He was named an AFL Rising Star at the end of the season. <mask> took part in 2017 Major League spring training, and was praised by manager John Gibbons for the improvements he had made over the past year. On March 17, he was assigned to the Double-A New Hampshire Fisher Cats.Prior to the start of the season, <mask> was ranked third on Major League Baseball's 2017 Top 30 Blue Jays prospects list, and 70th on the Top 100 MLB prospects list. In 33 games with New Hampshire, <mask> hit .325 with three home runs, 11 RBI, and nine stolen bases before being called up to the majors. Major leagues
On May 19, 2017, <mask> was called up by the Blue Jays. He started in left field and batted eighth, going 0-for-2 with a strikeout in his debut against the Baltimore Orioles. In Toronto's 4–3 victory over the Milwaukee Brewers on May 23, <mask> was called on to pinch-hit in the seventh inning and recorded a double for the first hit of his career. He was placed on the 10-day disabled list with a fractured wrist the next day. After recovering from the injury, <mask> was optioned to Double-A New Hampshire.He earned a late season promotion to the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons, where he finished the 2017 season. In 77 minor league games, <mask> hit .299 with five home runs, 29 RBI, and 19 stolen

masks: Alford Alford Alford Alford Alford Alford Alford Alford Alford Alford


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 bases. In January 2018, Baseball America ranked <mask> as the third-best Blue Jays prospect, and 60th overall in baseball. He was recalled by the Blue Jays on May 5, 2018, and optioned back to Buffalo on May 13. On September 23, 2019, in bottom of the 15th inning, <mask> hit his first major league home run to give Toronto an 11–10 victory over the Orioles. On August 20, 2020, <mask> was designated for assignment. Pittsburgh Pirates
On August 27, 2020, <mask> was claimed off waivers by the Pittsburgh Pirates.He homered in his first start as a Pirate. On September 5, 2020, <mask> suffered a fractured right elbow after crashing into the outfield wall attempting to catch a Tucker Barnhart home run in a game against the Cincinnati Reds. The next day <mask> was placed on the injured list and missed the remainder of the season. On April 21, 2021, <mask> was designated for assignment following the waiver claim of Ka'ai Tom after getting off to a .083/.241/.083 start to the season with no home runs or RBI. On April 25, <mask> was outrighted to the alternate training site. On August 7, 2021, <mask>'s contract was selected by the Pirates. References

External links

Southern Miss Golden Eagles profile

1994 births
Living people
African-American baseball players
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
American football quarterbacks
Baseball players from Mississippi
Bluefield Blue Jays players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Canberra Cavalry players
Charros de Jalisco players
Dunedin Blue Jays players
Gulf Coast Blue Jays players
Lansing Lugnuts players
Major League Baseball outfielders
New Hampshire Fisher Cats players
Ole Miss Rebels football players
People from Columbia, Mississippi
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Southern Miss Golden Eagles football players
Toronto Blue Jays players
Indianapolis Indians players
American expatriate baseball players in Australia
21st-century African-American


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Joseph A<mask> (born July 22, 1958) is a former Chicago politician. <mask> was first elected to Chicago City Council as the alderman for the 49th ward, which includes the majority of Rogers Park and portions of West Ridge, in 1991. <mask> won re-election six times, before losing to challenger Maria Hadden in 2019. Education and early career
<mask> was born in Chicago in 1958 and later moved to Evanston, where he graduated from Evanston Township High School in 1976. He graduated from Knox College in Galesburg, Illinois with a B.A in 1980 and earned a J.D. from DePaul University College of Law in 1984. From 1984 to 1991, <mask> worked as an attorney in the City of Chicago's Department of Law, first in the department's Appeals Division and later in the department's Affirmative Litigation Division, where he worked to recover millions of dollars on behalf of the City's taxpayers.1991 aldermanic election campaign
On November 6, 1990, 49th ward alderman David Orr was elected Cook County Clerk, creating a vacancy in the Chicago City Council until the 1991 municipal elections. Chicago's Mayor appoints replacements to fill short-term vacancies in the City Council. Orr supported <mask> as his replacement. Mayor Richard M. Daley appointed Robert Clarke, a law associate of Illinois State Representative Lee Preston, the 49th ward Democratic committeeman. <mask> was among the challengers to Clarke in the February, 1991 municipal elections. No candidate received a majority of the votes, requiring a run-off between the top two, <mask> and Clarke, in April, 1991. Orr was <mask>'s campaign chairman.On April 2, 1991, <mask> was elected alderman. Of eight incumbent alderman who were originally appointed by Daley to fill vacancies, Clarke was the only one to fail to win re-election that year. Chicago City Council (1991-2019)
<mask> won re-election in 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011 and in 2015. In 2019, <mask> lost election to

masks:
. Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore


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 Maria Hadden. He was chairman of the City Council Committee on Housing and Real Estate, which oversees City housing policy and all transactions involving City-owned real estate. <mask> also served most recently on the following City Council committees: Budget and Government Operations; Education and Child Development; Finance; Health and Environmental Protection; Human Relations; Special Events, Cultural Affairs and Recreation; and Rules and Ethics. Community Policing and Crime Reduction
<mask> was a pioneer in the effort to bring community policing to Chicago.The Chicago community policing strategy involves residents and other City agencies working together to prevent crime and improve the quality of life in all of Chicago's neighborhoods. Under his leadership, the 49th Ward was selected as one of the first areas of the city to host a community policing pilot project, which resulted in a 54% reduction in serious crime over a 20-year period. Additionally, from January 1, 2013 to February 26, 2013, the 24th Police District, which includes Rogers Park and the adjacent Chicago neighborhood of West Ridge, was the only of Chicago's 22 police districts in which no one was shot. Overall, Chicago Police Department data shows the rate of all reported crimes in the 49th Ward has decreased by 48% between 2003 and 2018, 4% more than the overall decline in crime across the entire city of Chicago during the same period. Living Wage and Community Business Growth
<mask> gained national renown as a leader in the fight for living wages when he sponsored the landmark 2006 Chicago Big Box Ordinance, which required large retail stores to pay their employees a wage sufficient to keep a family of four out of poverty. The ordinance was a precursor to Chicago's minimum wage ordinance, which guarantees all workers in Chicago a wage of at least $13 an hour indexed to inflation. <mask> has also made it a priority to encourage

masks: Moore Moore Moore Moore


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 entrepreneurs to open up new restaurants and businesses in his Ward.In 2007 <mask> launched an initiative dubbed "follow me on Fridays" in which <mask> encourages his constituents to join him at a local restaurant, pub, or festival twice a month after work on a Friday to promote local businesses and entrepreneurs in his Ward. The events have grown in popularity and have facilitated a recent surge in private business growth in Roger's Park. Participatory Budgeting

<mask> became the first elected official in the United States to introduce a democratic budget allocation procedure known as participatory budgeting. Each year since 2009, <mask> has turned over $1 million of his discretionary capital budget to a process of democratic deliberation and decision-making in which his constituents decide through direct vote how to allocate his budget. <mask>'s participatory budgeting model has since been adopted by eight of his Chicago City Council colleagues, as well as in 16 other U.S. cities, including New York City, Seattle, Boston, San Francisco and Vallejo, California. Over the past 9 years the 49th Ward constituents have voted to allocate <mask>'s discretionary capital budget to a wide array of projects ranging from resurfacing alleys and streets to beautifying the neighborhood through the creation of murals and planting of trees throughout the neighborhood. Affordable Housing
In 2016, <mask> worked with a private developer and the CHA to construct 65 units of affordable housing and 46 market rate units above a new Target on North Sheridan Road.In 2017, <mask> helped a developer secure City of Chicago Low Income Housing Tax Credits to build 54 affordable housing units on top of 3,300 square feet of retail storefront space at Clark and Estes. In 2018, <mask> convinced the Chicago Housing Authority (CHA) to purchase Levy House at 1221 W. Sherwin, thus preserving 56 units affordable senior housing. <mask> has

masks: Moore Moore Moore Moore Moore Moore Moore Moore Moore Moore


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 actively opposed an elected school board in City Council, maneuvering to block a ballot measure. Despite 49th ward residents voting overwhelmingly to freeze charter school expansion, <mask> has ignored his constituents and continued to push for more charters  as he collects campaign donations from Charter operators. Rogers Park's schools have suffered under <mask>, to the point of Gale Elementary's major issue with lead contamination  Since 1993, only $81.5 million for improvements to Roger's Park schools have been allocated by CPS, including modernization efforts at Sullivan High School, and a $5 million investment for a new roof at Kilmer School. Community Outreach and Annual Events

Throughout his time as Alderman, <mask> has overseen the creation of a number of annual events held in Rogers Park. One the oldest of these annual events is the Rogers Park Back to School Picnic which is held on the last Sunday of every August.The picnic has grown considerably since its founding in 1991 to include activities directed at a wide audience such as face painting, live music, bingo, and bouncy castles in addition to free food and school supplies. Also founded by <mask>, is the 49th Ward Annual Spring Clean-up and Taste of Roger's Park. Normally held on the Saturday before Earth Day, the annual clean-up brings together volunteers from across the neighborhood who either choose clean-up and/or beautification projects they wish to undertake or are directed by Alderman's office to areas of the Ward that need cleaning. At the end of the day participants are then given free food from restaurants around the ward to help promote local business growth. Additionally <mask> has also overseen the creation and implementation of several other annual (sometimes biannual) events listed in the table below. National Recognition
During <mask>'s tenure, Rogers Park and Alderman <mask> himself have garnered national recognition and

masks: Moore Moore Moore Moore Moore Moore Moore


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 attention. In 2008, John Nichols, Washington, D.C. correspondent for The Nation, blogging on The Nation website, named <mask> "Most Valuable Local Official."Also, In its July 2016 cover story, Time included Participatory Budgeting (pioneered by <mask>) as one of the "240 reasons to celebrate America right now." Additionally, a national real estate website named Rogers Park as the top neighborhood in Chicago and one of the top neighborhoods in the nation for "living well." The website, Trulia, conducted a survey of 877 neighborhoods across the U.S., and named Rogers Park the 11th best neighborhood to live in the nation for staying active and healthy, ahead of all other Chicago neighborhoods. In addition to serving as Alderman of the 49th Ward, <mask> is a former chair of the Board of Directors of the Democratic Municipal Organization, a national association of elected municipal officials, with offices in his home in Rogers Park. <mask>'s wife, Barbara, is the Executive Director. Foie gras ban

<mask> was the chief sponsor of an ordinance banning the sale of foie gras in Chicago. After much publicity, the ordinance passed overwhelmingly but was repealed overwhelmingly.<mask> was honored in February, 2007 by the Humane Society of the United States for his leadership on the issue of cruelty to animals. <mask>'s support of this issue was the subject of many widespread and derisive comments. National news organizations covered the story from many angles, some hospitable and some hostile. Electoral history

References

External links
Citizens for Joe Moore, website of an Illinois political action committee
Chicago Reader Blogs: Clout City, May 1, 2007, accessed December 5, 2012
Alderman <mask> at the Chicago Reader

Joseph A. <mask> News Updates and Coverage at the Chicago Tribune
<mask> segments on WTTW Chicago Tonight

Chicago City Council members
Illinois Democrats
Living people
1958 births
21st-century

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Moore
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<mask> of Bodenham and Bromwich was an Anglo-Norman knight and sheriff of Herefordshire living during the reigns of Henry III of England and Edward I of England. The Devereux were a prominent family along the Welsh Marches during the thirteenth century, and integral to the control of this region during the Second Barons' War. Ancestry and childhood

<mask> was born about 1221, the son of Sir <mask> of Bodenham (Herefordshire) and Decies (Ireland). His father was a key member of the retinue of Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, and as a result of Henry III's conflict with the earl, <mask> lost his estates in Ireland. <mask> was placed as a hostage with Hugh de Kilpeck in 1233 and 1234 to insure his father’s good behavior, and eventually inherited his father's lands in Bodenham. Career

<mask> was in the service of the king helping to protect the Welsh Marches during the 1240s. On 29 September 1245 following the death of his father, he was granted respite from the demand of payment by Hamo of Hereford (a Jewish money lender) of a debt of 12½ marks owed by his father, <mask>.In the 1240's there is a reference to a release by Robert de Wilmeston, son of Roger de <mask> (Lord of Snodhill), to the monks of Dore of all the land upon the Godway (Blakemere) in Hereford, which the said monks held from Sir <mask>, from the upper part of Wadel (tributary of the river Lugg) to the boundaries of Malfeld (in Peterchurch) and Isaacsfeld (abutting on a meadow called 'Wetemore). The land extended to the combe of Wilmeston, and part abutted on Titekmille and extended to Hyldithelee. This document was

masks:
Walter Devereux
Walter Devereux
John Devereux
John Devereux
Walter Devereux
Walter Devereux
John Devereux
Chandos
John Devereux


texts: witnessed by his son, Sir <mask> among others. <mask> gave a confirmation of these gifts of land in his fee to the abbey on 6 December 1251. In 1253 <mask> was granted protection while overseas with the king in Gascony. Henry III arrived in Gascony in August 1253, and would remain there until a treaty was signed with Alphonso X in April 1254. <mask> may have been injured during this expedition as on 26 July 1256 <mask> is granted an exemption for life from being put on assizes, juries or recognitions, and from being made sheriff etc.against his will. Following his marriage to Sarah de Offini about 1252, <mask> held additional lands in Bromwich, county Staffordshire. In 1258 his sister-in-law, Margaret de Offini of Bromwich accused a servant of <mask> of holding her against her will. On 14 April 1256 his cousin, <mask>, confirmed the charters and grants of William's father, <mask>, to the church of Saint Leonard of Wormsley (de Pyon). This was witnessed by <mask> whose father, <mask>, had witnessed the original grant. During Easter of 1261 <mask>, now stylized as Lord of Bodenham, borrowed 22.5 marks from Ysah son of Dyay, the Jew. Around this time Lord <mask>, identified as a knight, witnessed the grant of Thinghill (Herefordshire) by Roger Burghull to his son.As the Second Barons' War broke out, <mask> probably remained loyal to Henry III like his cousin, <mask>, and fought for the king at the Battle of Lewes on 14 May 1264. Following the victory of Simon de Montfort, <mask> again probably followed his cousin’s lead and went over to the Baronial side. On 28 October 1264 <mask> was appointed

masks:
Walter Devereux
Walter Devereux
Walter Devereux
Walter
Walter Devereux
Walter
Walter Devereux
William Devereux
Stephen Devereux
Walter Devereux
John Devereux
Walter Devereux
Walter Devereux
Walter Devereux
William Devereux
Walter
Walter Devereux


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 sheriff of Herefordshire. On 20 May 1265 the issues of Herefordshire were committed to the care of ‘<mask> Everiis’ and this included the support of the constable of Hereford Castle. On 20 June 1265 <mask>, sheriff of Herefordshire, was granted control of Lugwardine, Mawardine and, Dylun. Devereux fought against the king at the Battle of Evesham on 1 August 1265. He appears to have died in the battle and the lands of the rebel, <mask>, were granted to Matilda, wife of Roger Mortimer.In 1272 the Prioress of Lingebrook was summoned to answer the coheirs of <mask>gros as to why she blocked their redemption of tenements in Bodenham under the Dictum of Kenilworth. They claimed the tenements had been given by King Henry III to John L’Estrange under the terms of Kenilworth. The Prioress claimed that Muscegros had enfeoffed John L’Estrange, who enfeoffed <mask>, who enfeoffed Nicholas Duredent, who enfeoffed Master John de <mask>, and <mask> granted the same to the Prioress in frankalmoin. The result of the suit is not known. Lingebrook Priory was near Devereux's lands lying a quarter mile from the left bank of the river Lugg, and within 2 miles of Wigmore. Marriage

<mask> married Sarah, daughter of Richard de Offini of (West) Bromwich, Staffordshire. about 1252.They are known to have had a son:

<mask> the Younger in 1257. Death

<mask> of Bodenham and Bromwich probably died in rebellion at the Battle of Evesham on 4 August 1265. His son, <mask> the Younger made claim against Roger Mortimer and Maud his wife for 2 carucates of land in the village of Bodenham, 1 carucate in the village of Maund,

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Walter de
Walter Devereux
Walter Devereux
Walter Muce
Walter Devereux
Croft
Croft
Walter Devereux
Walter Devereux
Walter Devereux
Walter Devereux


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 and 1 carucate in the village of Wellbrook that they withheld by reason of war and because he was underage. He demonstrated that he was of full age, and was granted his lands according to the terms of the Dictum of Kenilworth. <mask> the younger

In 1275 there is a description in the fine rolls of an accusation by Richard de London against a group of men for beating, ill-treating and imprisoning him at Thirlegh (Tirley). He claimed 20 pounds as damages. He identified his assailants as Philip de Arcy, John Devereus, Vivian de <mask>, Hugh de Dutton, <mask>, John Pauncefot, Robert de Somerville, William Fraunceys, William de Mortymer, Nicholas de Huggeford, and thirty-seven others.None of the defendants appeared in court, and the Sheriff is ordered to detain them and bring them to the next court session. William de Upton sued <mask>, Richard de Marham and his wife Margaret in 1276. This suit demonstrated that <mask>’s mother, Sarah de Offini, had died by this time. Upton claimed that a holder of a tenement should not be compelled to view a frankpledge outside of the area they resided. Around this time the Marnhams granted to Robert de Grete a portion of ‘hey’ in Bromwich that had previously been held by William de Wavere. This grant lay between the part of the ‘hey’ of <mask> adjoining the highway from Bromwich church to Grete mill. The inquisition post-mortem of Roger de Somery in 1290 listed <mask> and Richard Marnham as holding fees from the Barony of Dudley for West Bromwich.<mask> also held a manor at Uffington in Berkshire. <mask> the Younger came before the Justices on 6 January 1293 to

masks:
Walter Devereux
Standon
Walter Devereus
Walter Devereux
Walter
Walter Devereux
Walter Devereux
Walter
Walter Devereux


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 demonstrate his right (Quo Warranto) to hold Bromwich. The first matter had a jury upholding the younger <mask> ‘s rights to common pasture in West Bromwich by inheritance from his mother, Sarah (de Offini) <mask>, who had inherited this from her grandfather, Richard de Offini. <mask> the Younger’s aunt, Margaret (de Offini) de Marnham’s rights were also upheld on the same grounds. The court additionly upheld their shared rights to have free warren, fair market, and gallows for the manor of Bromwich. The right of ways was deferred to be heard before the king. In 1301, a <mask> filed suit against Osbert and Margaret de Tamworth of West Bromwich, Richard le Parker, Richard de Wygemere, Ralph Swyft, Henry Dun, and William del Hull for cutting down his trees at West Bromwich.The next year <mask> having not prosecuted his writ of novel disseisin against de Tamworth and his wife respecting his tenements in West Bromwich, was placed at the mercy of the court, but his fine was remitted at the instance of Edmund de Mortimer. In September 1304, <mask> withdrew a suit against Agnes, widow of Roger de Somery, regarding his tenements in West Bromwich. <mask> the Younger seems to have died about 1304 without an heir, and his estates passed to his cousin of the same name, <mask> of Bodenham. Notes

General references

A.P. Baggs, G.C. Baugh and D.A. Johnston.A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 17, Offlow Hundred (Part): West Bromwich, Manors. (London, 1976), pp. 14–20. accessed 26 December 2015. Specific references

Anglo-Normans
1221 births
Walter
Norman warriors
1290s deaths
13th-century English

masks:
Walter Devereux
Devereux
Walter Devereux
Walter Devereux
Walter
Walter Devereux
Walter Devereux
Walter Devereux


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<mask> (; born 19 December 1988), also known mononymously as <mask>villa" (The Wonder Child), <mask> began his senior club career playing for Cobreloa, and signed with Udinese in 2006, aged 18; he won consecutive league titles while on loan to Colo-Colo and River Plate. <mask> was the subject of a record association football transfer when he signed for Barcelona in 2011 in a transfer worth €37.5 million, becoming the most expensive Chilean player of all time. There, <mask> won six trophies, including a La Liga title and a Copa del Rey. He then joined Arsenal in 2014 in a transfer worth £31.7 million (€35 million), and won two FA Cups, the 2015 PFA Fans' Player of the Year, and was voted into the 2015 PFA Team of the Year. In 2018, he moved to league rivals Manchester United in a swap deal; he signed for Inter Milan a year later, and won a Serie A title.<mask> made his senior international debut for Chile in 2006 at age 18, and has since earned 146 caps, appearing in eight major tournaments and becoming both his country's most capped player and all-time top goalscorer. He led Chile to their first victory in a major tournament by winning the 2015 Copa América, scoring the winning penalty in the final; he captained the team to a repeat of this triumph at the Copa América Centenario, winning the Golden Ball for Best Player. Club career

Cobreloa

Born in Tocopilla, <mask> was a product of C.D. Cobreloa's prolific youth ranks where he was teammate of current Chile national team players such as Charles Aránguiz and Eduardo Vargas. In February 2005, <mask> was promoted to the senior first team by manager Nelson Acosta. <mask>'s made his debut against Deportes Temuco in February and scored his first professional goal in a 2–1 victory over Deportes Concepción on 18 March. He played his first Copa Libertadores game against Once Caldas aged 16, which made him one of the youngest players on debut for the tournament.After an impressive season with Cobreloa, <mask> caught the attention of Serie A club Udinese,

masks:
Alexis Alejandro Sánchez Sánchez
Alexisño Mara
Sánchez
Sánchez
Sánchez
Sánchez
Sánchez
Sánchez
Sánchez
Sánchez


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 which signed him for a £1.7 million fee, on 21 April 2006. Udinese, however, began a maturation project with <mask> and immediately loaned him to Chilean giants Colo-Colo in a season-long deal. Colo-Colo

<mask> debuted for Colo-Colo on 23 June 2006 in a 1–1 draw with Antofagasta; he scored his first goal on 29 October during the Chilean football derby against Universidad de Chile in a 4–2 win. His good performances allowed him to break into the starting lineup after successfully challenging veteran striker Mario Cáceres, and he then began partnering Humberto Suazo in the forward position. On 1 November, he scored a brace in a 4–4 league draw against Deportes La Serena. as well as his first continental goal in a 7–2 thrash over Alajuelense from Costa Rica for the Copa Sudamericana. Nevertheless, Colo-Colo was runner-up of that tournament after losing the final against Pachuca of Mexico.On 23 December 2006, <mask> won his first professional title after being starter in the Torneo Clausura final against Audax Italiano which his team won 3–2. The next season, on 23 March 2007, he scored his first Copa Libertadores goals against Caracas at Cúcuta where he netted a hat-trick to a 4–0 away win. On 12 May, <mask> scored his first and only one league goal during a 3–1 home win over Santiago Wanderers, key in the race for title with Universidad Católica which Colo-Colo finally reached after beat Palestino 1–0 at Monumental the last matchday. Noteworthy, it meant the club's 26th league title. After <mask>'s impressive FIFA U-20 World Cup (where Chile achieved the third place with José Sulantay as coach), his loan with Colo-Colo expired and on 15 August 2007, he joined Argentina's River Plate on loan from Udinese. Udinese
After a successful season in Argentina, <mask> left South America in July 2008 to join Udinese, where he would meet up with Chilean compatriot Mauricio Isla. <mask> made his non-competitive debut in a 3–0 win over Bassano and was named the man of match.On 14 September, he played his first

masks: Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez


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 Serie A match in a 1–0 loss with Juventus and four days later, he made his European debut against Borussia Dortmund. On 19 October 2008, <mask> scored his first league goal against Lecce. After this first goal, <mask> got into a minor slump, in which he took much criticism. The criticism ended after scoring the winning goal in the 90th minute against Bologna in a 1–0 win, being named the man of match. The next season, <mask> played an important role for Udinese in the Coppa Italia, being a key player in the team that eliminated Milan, assisting Gökhan Inler for the winning goal. In the semi-final second leg, <mask> was the man of match after playing a successful game against Roma, including scoring his first Coppa Italia goal in the 81st minute. It was not enough, however, as the aggregate score finished 2–1 in favour of Roma.By the end of this year, <mask> scored a total of 5 goals (4 at the end of tournament) in 32 appearances. On 27 February 2011, <mask> scored four of his team's seven goals as Udinese comfortably defeated Palermo 7–0, playing only the first 52 minutes of the game. This event meant he broke the record of goals scored by a Chilean player (in a single match) in Serie A, beating the records set by countrymen Marcelo Salas and Iván Zamorano. During his successful season at Udinese, <mask> and Italian striker Antonio Di Natale became one of the best scoring duos in Serie A; they tallied 39 goals between them, two goals short of the Alessandro Del Piero–David Trezeguet duo that completed 41 goals in the 2007–08 season. In recognition of his achievements, <mask> was named the world's most promising youngster of the 2011 season by the users of FIFA.com, where users had to choose between <mask>, Gareth Bale, Javier Pastore, Ganso and Neymar in a poll. <mask> ranked 56th in the May 2011 edition of Castrol Performance Index and 24th among the forwards. Barcelona

On 20 July 2011, Barcelona confirmed they had agreed to a €26 million fee (including €11.5 million in certain bonuses) with

masks: Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez


texts: Udinese for the transfer of <mask>, becoming the first Chilean to play for the club."<mask> is very young," said then-manager Pep Guardiola; "He can play in all three attacking positions, he shows intense defensive skills, he's direct and from what I've been told, he's a very nice kid." The transfer was finalised five days later when he passed a medical and signed a five-year contract. "I want to learn from players like Lionel Messi and Xavi Hernández—and I want to help the club win more titles," said <mask>. <mask>'s debut season for Barcelona was mired with short-term injuries. He made his debut on 14 August 2011 against archrivals Real Madrid in the 2011 Supercopa de España first leg away match, suffering a thigh injury after a challenge by Marcelo. Barcelona won the tie 5–4 on aggregate. He made his return two weeks later as a substitute in the 2011 UEFA Super Cup, won by Barca 2–0.<mask> then started the opening match of La Liga, at home against Villarreal, and scored his first goal in a 5–0 win. A week later, on 10 September, he was stretchered off after 30 minutes following a challenge from Dani Estrada in a domestic league match against Real Sociedad. <mask> returned on 1 November in an away match against Viktoria Plzeň. On 10 December, he scored Barça's equaliser against Real Madrid in a match they went on to win 3–1 away at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium. On 14 February 2012, <mask> scored the first and second UEFA Champions League goals of his career in Barcelona's 3–1 victory against Bayer Leverkusen. In the 2012–13 campaign, on 2 October 2012 <mask> scored the first goal for Barcelona in a 2–0 away win against Benfica. On 10 February 2013, then scored his first goal of the Liga season in Barça's 6–1 home win against Getafe.From February onwards, <mask> scored in matches against Deportivo de La Coruña, Mallorca, Athletic Bilbao, Real Betis, Atlético Madrid and Espanyol to end the season with eight league goals. Barcelona won the league title, ending the season with 100 points. On 26

masks: Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez


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 October 2013, <mask> scored the winning goal as Barça beat Real Madrid 2–1 at Camp Nou in the first Clásico fixture of the 2013–14 La Liga season. On 5 January 2014, <mask> scored his first hat-trick for Barcelona in a 4–0 win against Elche. He ended the 2013–14 season with a career-high 21 goals in all competitions, including 19 in La Liga. Arsenal

On 10 July 2014, <mask> signed for Arsenal on a long-term contract for a transfer fee of £31.7 million. <mask> was given the squad number 17, previously worn by Nacho Monreal, who took the vacant number 18 instead.In a statement released by the club, <mask> said that he was "so happy to be joining Arsenal, a club which has a great manager, a fantastic squad of players, huge support around the world and a great stadium in London". Manager Arsène Wenger praised <mask>, saying that the Chilean international "has consistently produced top-quality performances at the highest level for a number of seasons now and we are all excited to see him integrate into the Arsenal squad." <mask> made his first appearance for Arsenal on 2 August 2014, as a substitute during a 5–1 win against Benfica in the pre-season Emirates Cup tournament. 2014–17: FA Cup wins
<mask>'s first competitive appearance was against Manchester City in the Community Shield, on 10 August, playing in the first half and helping Arsenal to a 3–0 win. On 16 August, he made his Premier League debut against Crystal Palace, assisting Laurent Koscielny's equaliser in a 2–1 home win. He then scored his first goal for Arsenal on 27 August, slotting the ball past Beşiktaş goalkeeper Tolga Zengin in stoppage time of the first half to secure a 1–0 aggregate victory and a spot in the group stage of the 2014–15 Champions League. Following the game, Wenger was full of praise for <mask>, with the Arsenal manager saying, "He had a good game, not only on the technical side but on the fighting side.He was mobile, dangerous and has shown as well he has great fighting spirit, qualities that will be very important in


texts: the Premier League." His first league goal came four days later, netting the opening goal in a 1–1 draw away to newly promoted Leicester City. He then scored his second league goal in as many games against previous season champions Manchester City, demonstrating perfect technique to sidefoot a volley high past goalkeeper Joe Hart in a 2–2 draw at the Emirates Stadium. <mask> scored his fourth goal for Arsenal, from a free-kick, as the Gunners fell to 2–1 defeat to Southampton in the League Cup. He scored his first goal in the Champions League proper for the Gunners on 1 October, scoring Arsenal's third goal of their 4–1 home win over Galatasaray and also provided assists for two goals by Danny Welbeck. On 18 October, he scored the opening goal and later assisted a late Welbeck equaliser in a 2–2 draw against Hull City at home. The following league fixture saw him scoring a brace against Sunderland after capitalising on errors made by defender Wes Brown and former Arsenal goalkeeper Vito Mannone.On 1 November, <mask> again scored a brace, this time against Burnley in a 3–0 victory. With that brace, he moved to 10 goals for the season across all competitions. He and Yaya Sanogo scored against Borussia Dortmund in 2–0 win as Arsenal qualified for the knockout stages of the Champions League. On 3 December, he scored the winner against Southampton in the 89th minute to give the Gunners a 1–0 win. <mask> scored the first goal in Arsenal's 2–1 home win over Queens Park Rangers on 26 December and assisted the second goal for Tomáš Rosický; earlier in the same match, <mask> had a penalty saved by goalkeeper Robert Green after being brought down by Armand Traoré. On 4 January 2015, <mask> scored and assisted his first ever FA Cup goals as Arsenal knocked out Hull City, the previous season's runners-up in the third round. <mask> assisted Per Mertesacker and scored in the 82nd minute, being substituted two minutes later by Chuba Akpom.In Arsenal's next Premier League match, against Stoke City, <mask> was


texts: involved in all the three goals as Arsenal beat the Potters 3–0 at the Emirates. He first assisted Laurent Koscielny and then scored two goals of his own. His performance was praised by Thierry Henry, who called him, "Arsenal's best signing of the last six years." On 4 March, <mask> ended a run of eight games without a goal by scoring Arsenal's second goal as they beat QPR 2–1 at Loftus Road. <mask> scored Arsenal's third goal on 4 April as they beat Liverpool 4–1 at the Emirates and was chosen as the man of the match. On 18 April, <mask> scored both of Arsenal's goals in the FA Cup semi-final as Arsenal defeated Reading 2–1 after extra time. Eight days later, he was the only Arsenal player named in the PFA Team of the Year.On 4 May, <mask> scored another brace, this time against Hull City in a 3–1 away win. On 29 May, he was voted as the 2015 PFA Fans' Player of the Year. <mask> reached his 25th goal of the season in the 2015 FA Cup Final on 30 May with the second goal in a 4–0 defeat of Aston Villa at Wembley Stadium, a long-range strike. <mask>, who also headed an assist for Theo Walcott's opening goal, became the first Chilean to score in an FA Cup final since Newcastle United's George Robledo in 1952. He capped off his first season by winning Arsenal's Player of the Year award. <mask> made his first appearance of the 2015–16 season as a substitute in Arsenal's 2–0 loss to West Ham United on the opening day of the 2015–16 Premier League. The following week, on his first start of the season, <mask> had a header deflected into the Crystal Palace net by Damien Delaney to give Arsenal a 2–1 win at Selhurst Park.The goal, however, was later credited as an own goal by the Palace defender. On 26 September 2015, <mask> ended a run of ten Premier League matches without a goal by scoring his first hat-trick for Arsenal in a 5–2 win at Leicester. This made him the first player to score hat-tricks in each of the Premier League, Serie A and La Liga. <mask> then scored his first Champions League goal of the


texts: season a few days later, in a 3–2 loss to Olympiacos, latching onto a Theo Walcott cross to head beyond Olympiacos goalkeeper Roberto. The following league match, the last match before the international break, <mask> scored for the third match in a row, scoring a brace in the first 20 minutes as Arsenal defeated Manchester United 3–0 at the Emirates Stadium and moved up to second place in the league. After the international break, <mask> carried on his fine goalscoring form by netting against Watford at Vicarage Road, through a Mesut Özil assist, in a 3–0 Arsenal win, keeping Arsenal in second-place and grabbing his sixth goal in three Premier League matches for the club. Following a brief period on the sidelines due to injury, <mask> returned to full first-team action on 30 January 2016 in the FA Cup fourth round tie against Burnley, scoring Arsenal's second goal of the game following a low cross from Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain.<mask> netted his first Premier League goal since October with a goal in the North London derby against rivals Tottenham Hotspur, equalising for Arsenal in the 76th minute and keeping the Gunners' title challenge alive. During April 2016, <mask> scored in four consecutive league matches, with goals against Watford, West Ham, Crystal Palace, and a brace against West Bromwich Albion. When launching their new kit for the 2016–17 season, Arsenal announced that <mask> will change squad number from 17 to 7, which was vacated by the departing Tomáš Rosický. <mask> scored his first goal of Arsenal's campaign and grabbed his first assist in Arsenal's 3–1 away win over Watford. <mask> scored his first Champions League goal of the campaign in a 1–1 draw with Paris Saint-Germain on 13 September 2016, latching onto Alex Iwobi's rebounded shot, to secure Arsenal a point in the French capital. <mask> kept up his spectacular run of form throughout September by netting against Hull, then scoring and assisting in a 3–0 victory over Chelsea. He scored a brace in a 4–1 win at Sunderland's Stadium


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 of Light, bringing his total to 50 goals in 106 appearances across all competitions for Arsenal.He also scored a hat trick and provided an assist in a man-of-the-match display in a 5–1 win at West Ham on 3 December. On 22 January 2017, <mask> scored his first penalty for the club (having missed his previous two) against Burnley in an eventual 2–1 win, which put Arsenal into second place in the Premier League table. <mask> scored his first goal in the season's FA Cup, in a 5–0 quarter-final win over Lincoln City, taking his tally to 21 goals for the season in all competitions. <mask> scored the winning goal in Arsenal's 2–1 win over Manchester City, to send Arsenal through to their third FA Cup final, in four years. On 13 April, <mask> was included in the six player shortlist for the PFA Player of the Year. He also, in May 2017, won Arsenal's Player of the Season award. <mask> finished off the season by claiming the man-of-the-match award and scoring Arsenal's opening goal in an eventual 2–1 win over Chelsea in the FA Cup Final, ensuring that Arsenal secured a record 13th FA Cup and that manager Arsène Wenger won a record 7th FA Cup in the process.He finished as the club's top goalscorer with 24 Premier League goals, and 30 goals in all competitions, becoming the first player since Robin van Persie in 2011–12 to score more than 20 goals in the league. 2017–18: Final season
<mask> returned from the 2017 Confederations Cup with an injury, and therefore had to miss the team's victory over Chelsea in the 2017 FA Community Shield and the team's opening 4–3 win over Leicester City. <mask>' first start of the season came in the 4–0 away defeat to Liverpool. But throughout the transfer window, there was increasing speculation about his future, with a huge amount of reports stating his desire to leave, in order to play in the Champions League. A deadline day move to Manchester City was unsuccessful as Arsenal's deal for <mask>'s replacement Thomas Lemar was rejected. He scored his first goal for the season

masks: Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez


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 in Arsenal's 3–1 UEFA Europa League victory over German side Köln, in which he picked the ball up outside the penalty area and curled a shot past goalkeeper Timo Horn, to score Arsenal's second goal of the evening. <mask> also played in Arsenal's 1–0 win over Doncaster Rovers in the League Cup, in which <mask> provided his first assist of the season, by delivering a cross-field pass which Theo Walcott subsequently put past Doncaster goalkeeper, Ian Lawlor.<mask> scored his first Premier League goal of the season in a 5–2 win over Everton and he also provided an assist for Mesut Özil to put Arsenal ahead. <mask> followed up this by scoring the second in Arsenal's 2–0 win against Tottenham on 18 November, and a week later scoring a decisive and controversial injury-time penalty in a 1–0 win against Burnley. <mask> continued his fine goalscoring form by scoring Arsenal's third goal in a 5–0 rout of Huddersfield Town, his third goal in consecutive games. He also scored with a diving header in a 3–3 draw against Liverpool on 22 December. He scored his last two goals for Arsenal in a 3–2 away win against Crystal Palace on 28 December. Manchester United
On 22 January 2018, it was announced that <mask> had completed a transfer to Manchester United, in a swap deal that saw Henrikh Mkhitaryan move the opposite way. <mask> was given the number 7 shirt.He made his debut for the club in a 4–0 victory against Yeovil Town in the fourth round of the FA Cup. He became the first Chilean to play a competitive match for United. He scored his first United goal on 3 February 2018 in a 2–0 home win against Huddersfield Town, after netting the rebound from his penalty, which had been saved by Jonas Lössl. He scored his first goal of the 2018–19 season on 6 October, scoring a 90th minute winning goal to complete a 3–2 comeback win over Newcastle United, after the club initially went 2–0 down in the first ten minutes. Inter Milan
On 29 August 2019, <mask> joined Inter Milan on loan for the duration of the 2019–20 season. He


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 said he did not regret signing for Manchester United, but did wish he had played more. On 14 September 2019, <mask> made his debut for Inter when he came on as a 79th minute substitute in a 1–0 win against his former club, Udinese.On 28 September 2019, <mask> scored his first Inter goal from a tap-in, before he was sent off after receiving a second yellow card for an apparent dive inside the box as the club won 3–1 against Sampdoria. On 6 August 2020, <mask> made the permanent switch to Inter, on a three-year deal, on a free transfer. On 4 March 2021, <mask> scored a brace in a 2–1 away win at Parma. On 12 January 2022, <mask> scored a late winner against Juventus in the Supercoppa Italiana to give Inter a 2-1 win. International career

<mask> made his international debut for the Chile national team against New Zealand on 27 April 2006. He was called up by the coach José Sulantay to represent the Chilean under-20 team at the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup held in Canada, where they finished third. After his participation in the youth championship, <mask> scored his first senior international goal in a 2–1 loss against Switzerland on 7 September 2007.He scored three times during La Roja's successful 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification campaign and appeared on every match during the tournament finals. He then participated in the 2011 Copa América, scoring once in a 1–1 group stage draw with Uruguay, as Chile reached the quarter-finals. On 15 November 2013, <mask> scored both goals as Chile beat England 2–0 at Wembley, repeating the achievement of national team legend Marcelo Salas in 1998. 2014 World Cup

<mask> scored four times in Chile's qualification campaign for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. On 13 June 2014, <mask> scored Chile's opening goal of the 2014 World Cup, and provided an assist, in a 3–1 defeat of Australia in Cuiabá. During the round of 16, <mask> scored the equalising goal in a 1–1 draw against the hosts Brazil. However, he was one of three Chileans to fail to convert their kicks in the penalty

masks: Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez


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 shoot-out, having his shot saved by Júlio César as Brazil prevailed 3–2.2015 Copa América
<mask> was a member of Chile's squad as they hosted the 2015 Copa América. He assisted Eduardo Vargas in Chile's 2–0 win over Ecuador in the tournament opener, then scored a header in their final group game, a 5–0 win against Bolivia which sent Chile through as group winners – he and Arturo Vidal were rested by being substituted at half time. <mask> was named man of the match in Chile's ill-tempered and highly controversial quarter-final win over defending champions Uruguay. In the semi-final against Peru, he created the opening goal for Eduardo Vargas as Chile progressed to the final with a 2–1 victory. On 4 July, <mask> converted the winning kick in the final as Chile defeated Argentina in a penalty shootout to win their first major title, executing it in the Panenka style. 2018 FIFA World Cup Qualification
In Chile's first match of 2018 World Cup qualification on 9 October 2015, <mask> scored in a 2–0 win over Brazil, Chile's first victory against the opponents since 2000. Four days later, he scored twice in a 4–3 win at rivals Peru.Copa América Centenario
In June 2016, <mask> was part of the Chile squad that defended their Copa América title at the Copa América Centenario in the United States. On 14 June, needing a draw to progress to the knockout rounds, Chile fell 1–0 behind to Panama before both <mask> and Eduardo Vargas scored twice in a 4–2 win in Philadelphia to qualify for the tournament quarter-finals. Four days later, he scored one goal and registered two assists at Levi's Stadium in a 7–0 rout of Mexico, who were previously on a 22-game unbeaten streak. In Chile's 2–0 semi-final victory over Colombia, he became only the second Chilean – after Claudio Bravo – to reach 100 caps. <mask> was involved in Chile's second goal when his shot rebounded off the inside of the post and across the goal, presenting a tap-in for José Pedro Fuenzalida. In a repeat of the previous Copa América final, Chile faced


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 Argentina. Both teams had a player sent-off before half-time, and after a 0–0 draw, Chile were victorious via penalty kicks (4–2) to retain their title.<mask> was awarded the Golden Ball as the tournament's best player. 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup
In Chile's opening match of the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup on 18 June, <mask>, who had been recovering from an ankle injury, came off the bench to set up Arturo Vidal's opening goal in an eventual 2–0 win over Cameroon. On 22 June 2017, <mask> became Chile's out-right all-time goalscorer when he scored the opening goal in an eventual 1–1 draw against reigning World Cup champions Germany in his team's second group match of the tournament, overtaking Marcelo Salas with his 38th international goal in 112 appearances, and also equalling Claudio Bravo as his nation's joint top appearance holder in the process. Chile defeated Portugal on penalties in the semi-final, before losing 0–1 in the final against Germany, with <mask> coming close to an equaliser with his injury time free kick saved by German goalkeeper Marc-André ter Stegen. 2019 Copa América
In Chile's opening match of the 2019 Copa América on 17 June, <mask> scored a goal in a 4–0 win against Japan. In the following group match against Ecuador on 21 June, he scored again in a 2–1 victory, which enabled Chile to advanced to the quarter-finals. In the quarter-finals against Colombia on 28 June, following a 0–0 draw after regulation time, he scored the winning penalty in the resulting shoot-out to send Chile to the semi-finals of the competition.He was injured in October 2019 whilst on international duty with Chile. 2021 Copa América

<mask> was set to miss Copa America group stage matches after suffering a foot injury in training. Style of play

<mask> is a quick, creative, intelligent and hard-working player with an eye for goal, who is known in particular for his energy, strength, skill and work-rate on the pitch. Although naturally right-footed, due to his ability with either foot, he is capable

masks:
Sánchez
Sánchez
Sánchez
Sánchez
Sánchez
Alexis Sanchez
Sánchez


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 of playing anywhere along the front line, on either flank, or through the centre of the pitch: throughout his career, he has excelled as a supporting striker, as a winger, as a false-9, and even as an attacking midfielder; he has also been deployed in a more advanced, central role, as a main striker, due to his physicality and ability to score from powerful long-distance strikes. A talented forward, <mask> is gifted with remarkable dribbling skills, flair, finishing, vision and acceleration, which enables him to successfully take on opponents with feints in one on one situations, create space, and either score goals himself or set-up his teammates from through balls, long-range passes and perceptive one-twos. Owing to his ability to place shots, he is also effective from set-pieces. In his prime, he was arguably the best left winger in Europe, alongside Neymar and Eden Hazard.Personal life
<mask> had a statue erected in his honour within his native town of Tocopilla in March 2017. In October 2015, <mask> was named as a brand ambassador for Huawei. In February 2017, <mask> signed a sponsorship deal with Pepsi. players
Manchester United F.C. players
Inter Milan players
Chilean Primera División players
Serie A players
Argentine Primera División players
La Liga players
Premier League players
Chile under-20 international footballers
Chile youth international footballers
Chile international footballers
2010 FIFA World Cup players
2011 Copa América players
2014 FIFA World Cup players
2015 Copa América players
Copa América Centenario players
2017 FIFA Confederations Cup players
2019 Copa América players
2021 Copa América players
Copa América-winning players
FIFA Century Club
Chilean expatriate footballers
Chilean expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Chilean expatriate sportspeople in Argentina
Chilean expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Chilean expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate footballers in Italy
Expatriate footballers in Argentina
Expatriate footballers in Spain
Expatriate footballers in England
FA

masks: Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez Sánchez


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<mask><mask> (; ; born 27 April 1970) is a Russian/Ukrainian political consultant. In the United States, he became a person of interest in multiple investigations regarding Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections, particularly due to his ties with Paul Manafort, an American political consultant, who was a campaign chairman for Donald Trump. <mask> was reported by CNN, The New York Times and The Atlantic to be "Person A" listed in court documents filed by the Special Counsel against Manafort. He is also believed to be Person A in court documents filed in the criminal indictment of Alex van der Zwaan. The April 2019 Mueller Report concluded <mask> was connected to Russian intelligence agencies, while the August 2020 final report on 2016 election interference from the Senate Intelligence Committee characterized him as a "Russian intelligence officer". In 2017, <mask> denied having ties to Russian intelligence agencies. <mask> was indicted by Special Counsel Robert Mueller's grand jury on 8 June 2018 on charges of obstruction of justice and conspiracy to obstruct justice by attempting to tamper with a witness on behalf of Manafort.United States intelligence community analysis released in March 2021 found that <mask> was among proxies of Russian intelligence who promoted and laundered misleading or unsubstantiated narratives about Joe Biden "to US media organizations, US officials, and prominent US individuals, including some close to former President Trump and his administration" to benefit the 2020 Trump presidential campaign. In April 2021, the US Treasury Department sanctioned <mask> for providing Russian intelligence with "sensitive information on polling and campaign strategy" provided to him by Manafort from the Trump campaign, and for promoting the false narrative that Ukraine, rather than Russia, had interfered in the 2016 election. Early life
<mask> was born on 27 April 1970 at Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine, Soviet Union. Fluent in Russian and Ukrainian before his service in the Soviet Army, he became fluent in Swedish and English as a linguist at the Moscow Military Institute of the Ministry of Defense, which trained interpreters

masks:
Konstantin V
. Kilimnik
Kilimnik
Kilimnik
Kilimnik
Kilimnik
Kilimnik
Kilimnik
Kilimnik


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 for the Soviet Union's Main Intelligence Directorate, known as the GRU of the Soviet Union. He was a translator in the Soviet Army and worked closely with its GRU. He took Russian citizenship after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. He worked in Sweden as an interpreter for a Russian arms dealer.<mask> worked for the International Republican Institute (IRI) in Moscow from 1995 to early 2005; the IRI is an organisation which receives funding from the United States government to support democracy. According to anonymous sources, when applying for his position with the IRI, he responded to the question about how he learned English by stating that the "Russian military intelligence" taught him and he became known among Moscow political operatives as "Kostya, the guy from the GRU". In 1997, he traveled to the United States using a Russian diplomatic passport. The New York Times reported two former IRI colleagues said Kilminik was dismissed in April 2005 after the chief of Russian Federation's Federal Security Service gave a speech discussing internal private meetings at the Institute. Kilminik was suspected of leaking details of an IRI meeting in Bratislava, Slovakia. <mask> himself told The New York Times in April 2018 that he had been dismissed for having freelanced as an interpreter for Manafort, which was effectively confirmed by a spokesman for the IRI who said such an action ran counter to the organization's code of ethics. Nearly a year later, an IRI representative declined in February 2019, to say whether Kliminik leaving the organisation had any connection to <mask>'s alleged links to Russian intelligence.In the Mueller Report, a former colleague is reported to have told the FBI that Kilimnik was fired because of his strong links to Russian intelligence services. Employment by Manafort
Recruited by Philip M. Griffin as a translator for oligarch Rinat Akhmetov and seeking a better income than available at IRI, <mask> met Paul Manafort in 2005 and became an employee of Manafort's consulting firm. After the end of his association with IRI in April 2005, he lived and worked in Kyiv and Moscow while his wife and two children remained in Moscow

masks: Kilimnik Kilimnik Kilimnik Kilimnik


texts: living in a modest house near the Sheremetyevo International Airport. Some reports say <mask> ran the Kyiv office of Manafort's firm, Davis Manafort International, and was Manafort's right-hand man in Kyiv. They began working for Viktor Yanukovych after the 2004 Orange Revolution cost him the Presidency. With help from Manafort and <mask>, Yanukovych became President in 2010. <mask> told RFE/RL in February 2017 that he spent 90% of his time inside the Presidential administration, and assisted Manafort.From 2011 to 2013, with liaison to Viktor Yanukovych's chief of staff Serhiy Lyovochkin, Kilimnik, Manafort, Alan Friedman, Eckart Sager, who was a one time CNN producer, and Rick Gates advised  on an international public relations strategy. This effort supported the administration of  President of Ukraine Viktor Yanukovych. Yanukovych hired Manafort's company Global Endeavour, a St. Vincent and Grenadines based consulting and lobbying company, which during the end of Yanukovych's presidency transferred $750,000 out of Ukraine and also paid <mask> $53,000 during November and December 2013. When Yanukovych fled the country, Manafort and Kilimnik gained employment with the Ukrainian party Opposition Bloc which is backed by the same oligarchs who backed Yanukovych. At some point, Opposition Bloc ceased paying Manafort's firm but even though the non-payment forced Manafort's firm to shut down their Kyiv office, Kilimnik continued to advise the party while working to collect unpaid fees for Manafort's firm. Around 2010, <mask> collaborated with Rinat Akhmetshin when the Washington-based lobbyist was trying to sell a book disparaging one of Yanukovych's opponents. Kilimnik and Manafort actively assisted Ukrainian oligarchs and Russian oligarchs who are close to the Kremlin and Vladimir Putin.Also, they worked to ensure that Viktor Yanukovych and his Party of Regions would reduce and eventually sever Ukraine's ties to the United States and Europe so that Ukraine would become much closer to Russia, the Kremlin, and Vladimir Putin. In a February 22, 2017, interview with Christopher Miller of Radio Free Europe, <mask> explained the existence of a peace

masks: Kilimnik Kilimnik Kilimnik Kilimnik Kilimnik Kilimnik


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 effort between Russia and Ukraine called the "Mariupol Plan" in which Viktor Yanukovych would return as president of Russia's illegally controlled regions and Crimea in Ukraine. Andriy Artemenko's peace plan was known as the "New initiative for Peace". In 2017, <mask> helped Manafort write an op-ed for a Kyiv newspaper. A journalist in Ukraine, Oleg Voloshyn, has disputed this assertion stating that he and Manafort wrote the op-ed and that he e-mailed the rough draft to Kilimnik. The op-ed may have violated a gag order issued against Manafort by a US court and may have been a breach of Manafort's bail conditions. In 2018, CNBC reported Kilimnik to be variously "described as a fixer, translator or office manager to President Donald Trump’s ex-campaign chairman, Paul Manafort.Prosecutor General of Ukraine investigation of Kilimnik

From August until December 2016, Prosecutor General of Ukraine Yuriy Lutsenko conducted an investigation into <mask> but did not arrest him. <mask> managed Davis Manafort International in Kyiv. <mask> left Ukraine for Russia in June 2016. Davis Manafort International in Kyiv had been accused of money laundering by Robert Mueller's Special Counsel investigation. Mueller considered <mask> a vital witness in the Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections. The National Anti-Corruption Bureau informed the United States Department of State that Lutsenko had both thwarted Ukraine's investigation into Kilimink and allowed Kilimnik to leave Ukraine for Russia. Mentions in court filings

Kilimnik has been reported by The New York Times to be the "Person A" in Court filings in December 2017 against Manafort and Rick Gates.Court filings in late March 2018 allege that he knew that <mask> was a former officer with the Russian military intelligence service. These came after Gates reached a plea deal in exchange for cooperation in the investigation. The sentencing memo for Alex van der Zwaan filed by Special Counsel Robert S. Mueller states that Gates told van der Zwaan that Person A, believed to be <mask>, was a former intelligence officer with the Russian Main Intelligence Directorate (GRU). <mask> also featured in the

masks:
Kilimnik
Konstantin Kilimnik
Kilimnik
Kilimnik
Kilimnik
Kilimnik
Kilimnik
Kilimnik


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 documents filed by Mueller in early December 2018 that explained why he believed Manafort had lied to investigators during the investigation conducted by Mueller's team. Indictment
On 8 June 2018, <mask> was indicted by Mueller on charges of obstruction of justice and conspiracy to obstruct justice, in conjunction with Manafort, regarding unregistered lobbying work. According to their 2021 website, "The FBI is offering a reward of up to $250,000 for information leading to the arrest of <mask> <mask>." Connection to the Trump campaign

Through numerous regular email exchanges, <mask> conferred with Manafort after Manafort became Donald Trump's campaign manager in April 2016 and requested that Manafort give "private briefings" about the Trump campaign to Oleg Deripaska, a Russian billionaire and close ally to Vladimir Putin.On 2 August 2016, <mask> met with Manafort and Rick Gates at the Grand Havana Room at 666 Fifth Avenue. The encounter which, according to prosecutor Andrew Weissmann goes “very much to the heart of what the special counsel’s office is investigating,” included a handoff by Manafort of internal polling data from Trump’s presidential campaign to <mask>. Gates later testified the three left the premises separately, each using different exits. According Mueller's court filings, <mask> was still working with Russian intelligence when, during September and October 2016, he was known to be communicating with the Trump campaign. Both Rick Gates and Paul Manafort were in contact with him at the time. Manafort has said that he and <mask> discussed the Democratic National Committee cyber attack and release of emails, now known to be undertaken by Russian hacker groups known as Cozy Bear and Fancy Bear. <mask> and Manafort had been involved in the Pericles Fund together, an unsuccessful business venture financed by Oleg Deripaska.In July 2016, Manafort told Kilimnik to offer Deripaska private information in exchange for resolving multimillion-dollar disputes about the venture. In a 2018 classified State Department assessment, Ukraine’s former Prosecutor General Yuri Lutsenko allowed <mask> to escape from Ukraine to Russia after the US

masks:
Kilimnik
Konstantin Viktorovich
Kilimnik
Kilimnik
Kilimnik
Kilimnik
Kilimnik
Kilimnik
Kilimnik
Kilimnik


texts: federal grand jury charged <mask> with obstruction of justice. The New York Times reported on 31 August 2018 that an unnamed Russian political operative and a Ukrainian businessman had illegally purchased four tickets to the inauguration of Donald Trump on behalf of Kilimnik. The tickets, valued at $50,000, were purchased with funds that had flowed through a Cypriot bank account. The transaction was facilitated by Sam Patten, an American lobbyist who had related work with Paul Manafort and pleaded guilty to failing to register as a foreign agent. <mask> attended Trump's inauguration. In January 2019, Manafort's lawyers submitted a filing to the court, in response to the Special Counsel's accusation that he had lied to investigators while supposedly co-operating with them.Through an error in redacting, the document accidentally revealed that while he was campaign chairman, Manafort met with <mask>, gave him polling data related to the 2016 campaign, and discussed a Ukrainian peace plan with him. Most of the polling data was reportedly public, although some was private Trump campaign polling data. Manafort asked <mask> to pass the data to Ukrainians Serhiy Lyovochkin and Rinat Akhmetov. Manafort also asked <mask> to pass polling data to Oleg Deripaska who is close to Putin. <mask>, Andrii Derkach, who is a member of the Russian intelligence community and very close to Rudy Giuliani, and Andrii Telizhenko, who is part of "Derkach's inner circle" and a close associate of Rudy Giuliani, supported Michael Caputo, who was producer, and Sergey Petrushin, who is a Russian co-producer that lives in Miami and a close associate of Caputo for over 25 years, making the documentary film The Ukraine Hoax: Impeachment, Biden Cash, and Mass Murder with guest host Michael Caputo which aired on the One America News Network (OANN) on 21 January 2020 only two weeks before the Senate's acquittal of Donald Trump after his first impeachment trial. In its August 2020 final report on the 2016 election interference, the bipartisan Senate Intelligence Committee characterized <mask> as a "Russian intelligence officer" who worked with Manafort while he was Trump campaign

masks: Kilimnik Kilimnik Kilimnik Kilimnik Kilimnik Kilimnik Kilimnik


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 manager to deflect suspicions of interference away from Russia and onto Ukraine. The report mentions <mask> about 800 times, although most of the details about his intelligence connections were redacted.However, the sharing of intelligence with <mask> by Manafort and others "represented a grave counterintelligence threat". The committee acquired sufficient evidence to assert that Kilminik may have been involved directly in the plot, not only to hack the Democrats computers, but to pass on the information to WikiLeaks, the group that focuses on exposing U.S. secrects and spares Russia. This effort became a major element of conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal promoted by President Trump and his associates. Sanctions
In April 2021, the US Treasury Department sanctioned <mask> for providing Russian intelligence with "sensitive information on polling and campaign strategy" provided to him by Manafort from the Trump campaign, and for promoting the false narrative that Ukraine, rather than Russia, had interfered in the 2016 election. A Treasury spokesman declined to relay further information to NBC News about the new intelligence on the issue. The Associated Press reported it was the first occasion the United States government had made such a strong connection between campaign of Donald Trump and Russian intelligence. Russian residence
Since at least August 2018, <mask> and his wife have been living in a $2 million home in a heavily guarded elite gated community in Khimki, north-west of the Moscow Region outside the Moscow Ring Road (MKAD).The area is the base of the Moscow unit of the GRU unit accused by Mueller in a July 2018 indictment of tacking the lead in the hacking emails of the Democats in 2016. See also
Conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal
Mueller Report
Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections
Yuriy Lutsenko

Notes

References

Further reading

United States Department of Justice Superseding indictment

1970 births
Living people
Political campaign staff
Russians associated with interference in the 2016 United States elections
Russian individuals subject to the U.S. Department of the


texts: Lopamudra, () also known as Kaushitaki and Varaprada,  was a philosopher according to ancient Vedic Indian literature. She was the wife of the sage Agastya who is believed to have lived in the Rigveda period (1950 BC-1100 BC) as many hymns have been attributed as her contribution to this Veda. She was not only the consort of Agastya but a Rishiki in her own right, as she was the well known Rishiki who visualized the "Hadi Panchadasi" mantra of the Srikul Shakta tradition of Hinduism. She was one of the prominent Brahmavadinis. There are three versions of Lopamudra's legend; one is in the Rigveda Hymns; the second is in the epic Mahabharata (Vanaparva: Tirtha-yatra Parva), where there is an elaborate version with a mention that Agastya Rishi did penance at Gangadwara (Haridwar), with the help of his wife, Lopamudra (the princess of Vidarbha). According to this legend, Lopamudra was created by sage Agastya with the most graceful parts of animals such as eyes of the deer etc. The third version is Giridhara Ramayana.The name Lopamudra signifies the loss (lopa) that the animals and plants suffered by giving their distinctive beauties (mudras) when Agastya created her. After creating her, Agastya gave Lopamudra to the King of Vidarbha who was doing penance seeking for a progeny. Agastya had created Lopamudra with the intention of marrying her. The king brought up Lopamudra as his daughter. When she grew up, Agastya demanded her hand in marriage. Lopamudra agreed to marry him and left the King's palace for his hermitage. However, after some time, she grew tired of Agastya's austerity.She wrote hymn in the Rigveda, asking for his attention and love. The hymn made Agastya realize his duties towards his wife. The couple had a son named Dridhasyu, who became a poet. Together with her husband she is also


texts:
 credited with spreading the fame of the Lalita sahasranama (the thousand names of the Divine Mother). It is also believed that Agastya learnt the hymns of Lalitha Sahasranama from Hayagriva who is an avatar of Lord Vishnu. In Rigveda
In Rigveda, hymns authored by 27 female rishis or rishikas reflect their success and progress as women intellectuals. These hymns are presented under three headings.The first group has hymns contributed by female rishis only such as by Vishwavara and Apale; Vishwavara's hymn is dedicated to Agni while Apale's hymn is about Indra. In the second group some are attributed to female rishis, particularly Lopamudra and Shashiyasi, wife of Taranta. Lopamudra's hymn has six verses in particular which have her name tag and are dedicated to Goddess Rati. Her hymns elaborate on the relationship between husband and wife in order to follow celibacy. Lopamudra is credited to have composed hymn number 179 in the Rigveda. The third group of hymns, though attributed to female rishis are not identified by any author and deal mostly with mythological characters and representation of theoretical qualities. In Rigveda Agastya and Lopamudra are considered as "mantra drashta" (seers who are discoverer of mantras).She is also mentioned in Yajurveda (17:11:36:20) Brihaddevtakara (4:57–59) and in Agama granthas, and hailed as "Mantradrika" (well versed in mantras) in Rigveda. In the translation of the Sanskrit text of the Rigveda by Ralph T.H. Griffith (1896), the hymns or sutras related to Agastya, Lopamudra and a disciple are titled "Rati" meaning love, which are six verses, two are by Lopamudra, two by Agastya, and the last two are to the credit of the disciple or Agastya. M. Bergaigne has commented that the hymn has mystical meaning, with Agastya identified as the heavenly Soma while


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 Lopamudra represents her feminine attraction which fructifies in getting Agastya out of his "secret dwelling place". It is presented more as a dramatic dialogue between husband and wife with the student commenting his appreciation. The first two verses are expressions of Lopamudra's passion filled approach to her husband, highlighting his old age and his coolness towards her charms. Laurie L. Patton interprets Rigveda hymn 79 as representing Lopamudra in a state of "voracious sexuality".Initially resisted by Agastya, finally he is “overwhelmed.” Patton also states that "the final line of the hymn celebrates Agstya as having attained immortality both through children and through ascetic practice, while Lopamudra remains marked by sexual desire". According to Dr. Rameshchandra Mukhopadhyaya, Lopamudra's sutras say that men should go to women. Even the past rishis who attained knowledge of gods enjoyed women and "were never tired of it". Lopamudra's expression of frustration in this verse is a result of Agastya's abstinence from having sex with his wife. Her saying that she has become old is an expression of "pathos." Agastya explains in reply that this restraint was god created. Agastya succumbs to Lopamudra's entreaties and submits to her.In the last two verses the disciple of Agastya glorifies Agastya's "kindred points of love making and penance". In Mahabharata
The legend of Lopamudra, a mythological female, is the story of Agastya and Lopamudra narrated in the Aranyakaparvan of the epic Mahabharata. This version of the legend is said to be "the glorification of domestic life and family and demonstrates the incompleteness of a life based solely on asceticism." Background

The background to Agastya and Lopamudra's legend in Mahabharata starts with the asura brothers Illwala and Vatapi who


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 lived in ancient times in Manismati. It is also said that they hailed from Badami in Karnataka, South India. Illwala requested a learned Brahmin to bless him with a son who would be as powerful as Indra. As this did not materialize Illwala and his brother Vatapi got annoyed with the Brahmins and started taking revenge against them by adopting magical tricks.Illwala's brother Vatapi would transform himself into a buffalo and after slaying the buffalo the cooked meat would be served to the Brahmins. Once the meal was consumed by the Brahmins then Illwala would call out for his brother to come out of the stomach of the Brahmins. Vatapi would then assume his normal human form and emerge from the stomach of the Brahmins killing them in the process. This aspect was made known to Agastya. At that time Agastya who had attained benefit of his long penance through asceticism went to the heaven where on his way he saw a few manes suspended with their legs up over a gorge. Surprised, Agastya asked them the reason for their such a plight. They told him that they were waiting for a son to be born to their descendant to get release from this curse.They also told him that they were his ancestors and it was now left to him (Agastya) to get married and soon beget a son, perform oblation rites to gods, and get them released from the curse so that they could go to heaven. Agastya promised the manes of his ancestors that he would fulfill their wish. In another version it is said that Agastya encountered his ancestors in a dream in the form of suspended manes with heels up over a deep ravine. Creation of Lopamudra
Agastya then started creating a woman of rare beauty and intelligence. He did this creation from most graceful parts of various creatures possessing such a beauty (drawn from "different birds, animal and


texts:
 flower, the eyes of the doe, the grace of the panther, the slenderness of the palm trees, the fragrance of the champak flower, the softness of the feather on a swan's neck"), who would eventually beget a son for him. At that time the king of Vidharbha, who was childless, was doing penance to gods seeking boon of a progeny. Agastya bestowed his creation of the women of his imagination to the king.As the girl child emerged into the world, in glowing beauty, the king called the Brahmins to bless the child. The Brahmins named her Lopamudra. As the creation was done due to the loss of parts of creatures (animals and plants) the girl was named Lopamudra, 'lopa' meaning "loss" and 'mudra' meaning "parts.". She grew up to be a very pretty, learned and devoted daughter and the King wanted to get her married when she attained puberty. <mask> marries Agastya
The King approached Agastya seeking his advice for the marriage of his daughter. However, Agastya who was responsible for her beautiful creation for begetting a son for him, asked the king for her hand in marriage. This caused anguish to the king and queen as to how their daughter who was brought up in princely comforts could be married to an ascetic, a forest dweller.They were also scared of the power of Agastya who they felt could curse them if they refused to give Lopamudra in marriage to him. Looking at the worried status of her parents, <mask> volunteered to marry Agastya and requested her father to perform the wedding. Once married and taken to the forest to live with him, Agastya told Lopamudra to discard all her royal attire and ornaments and wear clothes fit for an ascetic's wife. She obeyed her husband and wore rags, deer skins and bark for her clothes. She dutifully, respectfully, lovingly and willingly served Agastya in his religious

masks: Lopamudra Lopamudra


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 practices and penance. Her asceticism through tapas matched Agstya's. Agastya was then not attracted to her beauty and did not cohabit with her and remained detached though she was beautiful and was his own creation.However, after a long lapse of time, Lopamudra was taking swimming in a naked state and her seductive figure attracted Agastya who then wanted to have sex with her to beget a son who would full fill his promise to his ancestors and relieve them of their curse. However, Lopamudra was not willing as she put a condition that she would sleep with him only if she got all the riches and the princely comforts that she enjoyed at her father's place. Agastya countered pleadingly that as he was an ascetic he could not break the laws of asceticism otherwise all his spiritual achievements of so many years of penance which were meant for the benefit of human beings would be lost. But Lopamudra persistently argued that with great acetic qualities Agastya could achieve anything in this world. As her child bearing biological cycle would not last long she urged him to agree to her conditions and go in search of riches. Agastya acquires wealth
Agastya then went out seeking wealth. He met three kings, Srutarvan, Vradhnaswa, and Trasadasyu, one after the other, who welcomed him with due respects offering oblations and requested him to state his wish.He then told them to give him a part of their wealth. They all told him that after meeting the expenditure related to their commitments to the well-being of their subjects, with due diligence of the status of their revenue, they would be happy to spare surplus, if any. Agastya, after considering this statement felt that they had no wealth to spare for him. On the advice of the three kings, he then approached Illwala, the King of asuras or danavas who was


texts: considered a very wealthy king. Illwala welcomed Agastya and the other three kings who accompanied him, within the limits of his city, with due honours. Once in his palace Illwala served Agastya and his entourage the magic potion of the meat of his brother Vatapi who had taken the form of a buffalo to be served as cooked meat so that the brothers could slay the Brahmins after they consumed the meat. The kings were scared to consume the meat but Agastya told them not to worry as he would consume all the meat served to them and will spare them from eating it.He then consumed the meat dishes served to him and straight away digested the meat and said "Vatapi Jeerno Bhava", meaning let 'Vatapi be digested'. Illwala then, as per past practice, called out for his brother Vatapi to come out. But Agastya only belched and gas came out of his mouth as Vatapi had been digested. With this turn of events then Illvala was sad but bestowed all the wealth that Agastya desired. The asura king gave away his golden chariot and gold and silver coins which Agastya and his three kings carried away with them. With the riches acquired, Agastya approached his wife who was pleased with the outcome. Agastya, who demonstrated his power in both the "secular and the sacred realms", approached Lopamudra's bedroom.Agastya then asked Lopamudra whether she would beget him 1,000 sons or just one son who could defeat a thousand. Lopamudra then told Agastya that she would prefer to have only one learned son as against 1,000 evil ones. Then they cohabited, she conceived and after a lapse of 7 years she delivered a baby boy. The son was named Idhmavaha (meaning "carrier of sacrificial wood") as he would serve his father in his sacrificial rites with wood. He was also called Drdhasyu. He was highly knowledgeable in Vedas and


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 Upanishads. Agastya was pleased with his son.Following this, Agastya performed rites for his ancestors who were then relieved of their curse, and attained heaven. Laurie L. Patton, an indologist, has observed that "in the case of Lopamudra, both the retention of seed in asceticism and the making of progeny are goals of the rishi Agastya, ... she is portrayed more and more derivatively, almost anemically, as she helps her husband/creator to promote the abstract ideal of dharma." In another version of the story narrated by Vasudha Narayanan of the University of Florida, Lopamudra who is fully cognizant of Agastya's imperative necessity for a progeny to redeem the curse of his ancestors and the demon king Illvala's "intentions and machinations", she manipulates the sage which ensures his success. In Giridhara Ramayana
Giridhara Ramayana has a different story of Lopamudra. Agastya approached king of Kanyakubja who had many daughters seeking a girl in marriage. The king promised the sage a girl when they come of age and asked him to come back a few years later. By the time the sage returned, however, the king had married off all his daughters.He was so worried about getting cursed, that he dressed his son' Lopamudra as a girl and presented him to Agastya. Miraculously, Lopamudra was transformed and became a woman after the wedding. Other aspects
In the Hindu tantra tradition, Sri Vidya mantra devoted to the Devi which has twelve variations, each credited to a devote which included Lopamudra; the other devotees are Manu, Chandra, Kubera, Manmatha, Agstya, Surya, Indra, Skanda, Shiva and Krodhabattaraka (Durvasa). A version popular in South India during about the 6th century AD is called the Lopamudra mantra though now not practiced but it is also associated with traditions in Kashmir. The river


texts:
 Kaveri in Karnataka is called Lopamudra. The legend behind this is that Agastya had kept Lopamudra, whom he had married for her beauty, confined in his Kamandala or water pot. During one of his sojourns away from his hermitage he stayed away for a long time and lived with another woman with whom he had fallen in love.Noting this, Lopamdura started weeping. Then Ganesha who was passing by heard her cries and released her by overturning the vessel in which she was confined. She flowed out as the river Kaveri. Another version of Lopamudra being born as Kaveri is that she marries Sage Agastya on the condition that he would not leave her for too long or she would forsake him. One time, the sage was having a lengthy discussion with his disciples and he was prolonged in his absence from his wife. The Goddess angrily admonished her husband and turned away in such fury, that the pleats of her sari rearranged themselves to fall upon her right shoulder instead of her left (hence, why Kodava women have a unique way of wearing sari). As the sage pursued his wife, she jumped into a divine tank at the top of the Brahmagiri hill, being reborn as the Kaveri and disappeared underground before reappearing at Bhagamandala and flowing east towards the ocean.Goddess Kaveri is said to be dear to Shiva, Vishnu, Lakshmi and Parvati/Tripurasundari. The divine shrines of Ranganatha(Vishnu) and Nimishambika(Parvati/Kali) at Srirangapatna on the banks of the Kaveri are held sacred to the people of Karnataka and Srirangam is considered a Divya Desam of Vishnu and Lakshmi in Tamil Nadu. References

Bibliography

Ancient Indian philosophers
Ancient Indian writers
Rigveda
Indian women philosophers
Hindu philosophers and theologians
Rishis
Vidarbha
Year of birth unknown
Year of death