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 killed, wounded or missing.French suffered an eye infection that rendered him nearly blind and he relinquished command to Claudius W. Sears before the Battle of Nashville. He returned home to recuperate from December 16, 1864 to February 1865. He returned to active service and commanded forces in the defense of Mobile, Alabama. Postbellum life

He surrendered near Mobile, Alabama and in April, 1865, French was paroled at Columbus, Georgia. Between the Mexican-American War and the Civil War, French served in thirty-five engagements. He returned to his plantation in Mississippi and worked for several years as Mississippi State levee commissioner. He lived for a year in Woodbury, New Jersey when he worked as president of a railroad company.He lived in Columbus, Georgia for several years and moved to Winter Park, Florida in 1881 after investing in orange groves. In 1895, he moved to Pensacola, Florida to live near his daughter. In 1898, at the age of 79, he volunteered to serve in the Spanish-American War but his offer was refused by President William McKinley. In 1901, he published his memoirs, Two Wars. In his book, he criticized Governor John J. Pettus and Confederate generals William J. Hardee, Hood and Leonidas Polk. French placed the blame for the Civil War on the greed of the North. He believed that the North should have compensated Southern states for their slaves when slavery was abolished.He believed that one day, impartial historians would vindicate the South. <mask> was married to his first wife, Eliza Matilda Roberts of Mississippi, on April 26, 1853. Together they had a daughter and a son who died in childbirth along with Eliza on June 13, 1857. <mask> was married again to Mary Fontaine Abercrombie of Alabama on 12 January 1865 but she too died, on 16 May 1900 at Atlanta, Georgia. Together they had three children. Death and


type: original

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 legacy

<mask> died in Florala, Alabama on April 20, 1910 while visiting his son and was interred at St. John's Cemetery in Pensacola. For the burial, his body was wrapped in both the American and the Confederate flags.His family placed a cenotaph for him in the family plot in Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. During the Civil War, Fort <mask> near Wilmington, North Carolina and Camp French near Quantico, Virginia were named in his honor. During World War II, the Liberty ship  was built in Panama City, Florida, and named in his honor. There is a bust and marker of French in the National Military Park, Vicksburg, Mississippi. Bibliography
Two Wars: an Autobiography of Gen. <mask><mask>, An Officer in the Armies of the United States and the Confederate States, A Graduate from the U.S. Military Academy, West Point 1843., Confederate Veteran, Nashville, Tenn., 1901

See also

 List of American Civil War generals (Confederate)

Citations

Sources

External links
 CivilWarTalk.com - <mask> <mask>
Ironbrigadier.com - <mask> <mask>: a Northern-Born Confederate General
 The Civil War & Reconstruction Governors of Mississippi - <mask>. <mask> correspondence

1818 births
1910 deaths
19th-century American railroad executives
20th-century American male writers
American military personnel of the Mexican–American War
American planters
Burials in Florida
Confederate States Army brigadier generals
Confederate States Army major generals
Members of the Aztec Club of 1847
Northern-born Confederates
People from Columbus, Georgia
People from Greenville, Mississippi
People from Harrison Township, New Jersey
People from Pensacola, Florida
People from Winter Park, Florida
People of Mississippi in the American Civil War
People of New Jersey in the American Civil War
Pro-Confederate writers
United States Military Academy alumni
Writers from

masks:
French
French
Samuel G
. French
Samuel Gibbs
French
Samuel Gibbs
French
Samuel G
French


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<mask> (born September 27, 1960), better known as <mask>, is a Puerto Rican broadcast journalist, author, and television personality, who has won three national Emmy Awards for journalism. In 2005, she became the first female recipient of the Legacy Award by Broadcast and Multi Channel for outstanding achievement in Hispanic Television. In 2006, <mask> was included on the cover of "Newsweek" magazine,  as one of the 20 most powerful women of the next generation of leaders.” In August 2018, <mask> was awarded with a Doctorate Honoris Causa from the Universidad Central de Bayamon in Puerto Rico, in recognition for her philanthropic work. Until August 2020, <mask> spent two decades as the host and managing editor of “Al Rojo Vivo con María Celeste”. Her program aired daily in the U.S. and in 15 Latin American countries, for a total daily audience of 35 million viewers. Her popularity has made her one of the most influential Hispanic figures in social platforms, with millions of followers around the world and in 2019 she made her debut in the Hollywood Reporter's Social Climber Chart at #5 of all TV Personalities. ,

<mask> is also Executive Producer and screenplay writer for “Selena’s Secret” a miniseries based on the bestselling book of the same title that she wrote about the murder of singer Selena Quintanilla, known as the Queen of Tejano music.The mini series aired on Amazon Prime video, TNT Latin America and on Telemundo. In 2019, <mask> received the St Jude Hospital Lifetime Achievement Award. As of the Summer of 2021 <mask> has joined CNN en Español as the host of their new Sunday Prime Time show called “DocuFilms con <mask> Arrarás.” In her capacity as a writer, she also became the first Hispanic opinion maker contributor for Facebook’s new platform “Bulletin.” She also launched her YouTube channel and premiered "MC Live," a weekly one-on-one interview program that quickly surpassed 1 million views. Early life and education
<mask> <mask> was born in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, the first child

masks:
María Celeste Arrarás Mangual
María Celeste
Arrarás
María Celeste
Arrarás
Maria Celeste
Maria Celeste
Maria Celeste
María Celeste
María Celeste
Arrarás


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 of José Enrique <mask>, a politician, lawyer, and educator, and Astrid Mangual, a homemaker and chemist. In 1971, she won three medals (one gold, one silver, and one bronze) at the Central American and Caribbean Swimming Championships. She qualified to compete at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Canada, but was unable to compete after she contracted mononucleosis, one week before the games began. In 1978, <mask> left her native Puerto Rico to attend Loyola University in New Orleans, Louisiana, where she majored in communications at Loyola University.In 2016, <mask> returned to Loyola University, where she was inducted into the School of Mass Communication's Den of Distinction and was honored by Loyola University for her career in television. Television career

Early career
<mask> began her broadcasting career in 1986 when she was employed by a local Puerto Rican television station, Channel 24, as a news anchor and reporter. There, Arrarás traveled covering major news events, such as the fall of the Soviet Union in Moscow and Leningrad, and she received several journalistic awards for her reports. In 1987 the Univision affiliate in New York City WXTV hired her as the co-anchor of its local news show. Univision (1987–2002)
Shortly after being hired by Univision, <mask> became Los Angeles Bureau Chief. In January 1990, when the network moved to Miami, she was named the national news anchor for Noticiero Univision weekend edition. In 1992, <mask> was named co-anchor of a new television news program, Noticias y Mas, alongside Myrka Dellanos, which would become Primer Impacto in 1994.The show's popularity resulted in a large franchise for Univision including Primer Impacto Extra, Primer Impacto Edicion Nocturna, and the weekly show Ver Para Creer, all of which were hosted by <mask> and Dellanos. <mask> would continue to hold her positions until 2002, when she left the show and joined rival network Telemundo. Telemundo (2002–2020)
The defection of <mask> <mask> from Univision, North America's

masks:
Arrarás
Arrarás
Arrarás
Arrarás
Arrarás
Arrarás
Arrarás
Arrarás
María Celeste
Arrarás


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 largest Spanish-language network, to the rival Telemundo broadcasting group in 2002 sent shockwaves in the industry and was heralded as the start of a new era for Hispanic media. <mask>'s arrival coincided with news that the National Broadcasting Company (NBC)'s $2.7 billion acquisition of the Spanish-language news and entertainment provider had just won U.S. government approval. <mask> was to host her own Telemundo show, but would also file English-language reports for Dateline, NBC's top-rated prime-time newsmagazine, and work as a guest co-host in NBC's Today show. Arrarás's hire—and the Telemundo/NBC venture—was seen as a sign of an increased Hispanic presence in mainstream media news organizations, and The New York Times journalist Mirta Ojito called the new, lucrative contract for this popular journalist "NBC's first coup in the Latino media." In 2002, the same day that NBC Universal acquired Telemundo as part of their larger network, <mask> took her former position at Telemundo, becoming the host and Managing Editor of the show Al Rojo Vivo con María Celeste

In 2004, <mask> co-hosted the Brown-Black Democratic Presidential Debate in Iowa for MSNBC.<mask> has crossed-over to the English market. Since 2002 <mask> has been invited as a guest co-host of NBC's Today show, and according to The New York Times, "Ms. Arrarás's high-profile sally into national network television, in the spot previously occupied by Ms. Couric no less, was groundbreaking for a Spanish-accented broadcaster." She has also contributed to different NBC programs including Dateline and Nightly News. On the night of <mask>'s debut as a contributor for Dateline NBC, the show experienced a dramatic audience increase in both Hispanic an Anglo demographics. NBC president Andrew Lack told the Los Angeles Times, "[<mask>] was one of the highest segments at Dateline that quarter." He described her as "a serious, smart journalist." In 2012, <mask> became co-anchor of Noticiero Telemundo alongside Jose Diaz-Balart.In September

masks:
Arrarás
Arrarás
Arrarás
Arrarás
Arrarás
Arrarás
María Celeste
María Celeste
Arrarás


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 2014 <mask> and her team won an Emmy for its coverage of the election of Pope Francis. One news source stated, the addition of <mask> is the latest development in a strategy that consolidated "Noticiero Telemundo" as the national newscast with the fastest growing audience on both Spanish and English-language television. In 2016, <mask> was awarded her third Emmy Award for "Francisco in America," Telemundo's special coverage of Pope Francis's historic visit to Cuba and the USA on September. After spending four years at the head of Al Rojo Vivo con María Celeste and Noticiero Telemundo, Arraras opted to "dedicate herself fully to Al Rojo Vivo con <mask> Celeste". At that time, she received her third Emmy Award and extended her contract with Telemundo for several more years. In February 2016, <mask> served as a panelist for the Republican Party presidential debate held in Houston. <mask> was cited for her performance.The Washington Post praised her unconventional way of framing issues and said categorically that "she played an important fact-checking role" in that debate. In the summer of 2016, <mask> celebrated her 30-year career in television, and was reunited with her former co-host of Primer Impacto, Myrka Dellanos, for a special edition of Al Rojo Vivo commemorating the anniversary. She was recognized by the city of Los Angeles with a resolution commending her work. Puerto Rico, her birthplace, also honored Arrarás by granting her a star on their "Paseo de la Fama de Puerto Rico," their walk of fame. The government also held a special ceremony for Arrarás at the House of Representatives Capitol Building to commemorate her achievements. On 5 August 2020, Telemundo laid off <mask>, as part of NBCUniversal's wave of layoffs after poor earnings caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. CNN en Español, Facebook's Bulletin & "MC Live" (2021)

As of the Summer of 2021 Arraras will be part of the staff of CNN en Español, as the host of their Sunday Prime Time show called “DocuFilms con María Celeste

masks:
Maria Celeste
María Celeste
Arrarás
María
Arrarás
Arrarás
Arrarás
Arrarás


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 Arrarás.” In her capacity as a writer, she also became the first Hispanic opinion maker contributor for Facebook’s new platform “Bulletin.” In 2021, she also launched her YouTube channel and premiered "MC Live," a weekly one-on-one interview program that quickly surpassed 1 million views.Awards and honors

 In June 2005 she became the first Hispanic journalist to receive a National Emmy in recognition for her career achievements. In 2013 she received the Silver Circle Award from the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences for her outstanding career in journalism. In September 2014, and in 2016, <mask> won two further Emmy awards with the Telemundo news team for their coverage of the election of Pope Francis, and the pontiff's first visit to Cuba. In 2016 The Hispanic Association of Corporate Responsibility (HACR) presented <mask> with a lifetime achievement award to commemorate her 30 years in television and her contributions for the advancement of the Hispanic community in the U.S. In 2003 <mask> was the recipient of the Award for Outstanding Achievement in Hispanic Television presented to her by Broadcasting & Cable and Multichannel News at the Hispanic Television Summit, produced by Schramm Marketing Group. In May 2003 <mask> was honored with her name and hand-prints on a plaque on display in Mexico City's Paseo de los Grandes (Walk of the Great Ones). In 2012 she was named "Best Journalist doing Social Good in Social Media" by LATISM, the largest Hispanic social media organization.In 2013 she was given the most "social" celebrity award in Premios Tu Mundo because of her mass audience and communication with fans. In 2001 she was awarded the PETA Humanitarian Award for her dedication to animal rights campaigns around the globe. In 1999 <mask> won the Génesis, award (National Ark Trust Fund) in recognition for her outstanding work in raising awareness of animal protection issues. In 2009 she was named the "Hero of the Environment" by the Monterey Bay Aquarium for her efforts in

masks: Arrarás Arrarás Arrarás Arrarás Arrarás


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 raising awareness about conserving the planet and its ecosystems. In 2012 she was awarded the title of "Ocean Defender" by Wildcoast in recognition for her efforts to defend the earth's coasts and oceans. In 2016, The National Council of La Raza (NCLR) presented <mask> Salazar Award for Communications to commemorate her 30 years in television and her contributions for the advancement of the Hispanic community. In 2018, <mask> joins Las Vegas Walk of Stars.In 2018, She was the Recipient of Hispanicize 2018 Latinovator Award. In 2019, St Jude Children's Research Hospital recognizes <mask> for her philanthropic work on behalf of children with cancer honoring her with the 2019 St. Jude Hospital Lifetime Achievement Award. Books
<mask> is also an investigative reporter and writer, and has authored several books. In 1997, <mask> wrote Selena‘s Secret: The Revealing Story Behind Her Tragic Death (released in Spanish as El Secreto De Selena: La Reveladora Historia Detrás De Su Trágica Muerte), published by Simon & Schuster. The book describes her in-depth investigation surrounding the events that led to the death of singer Selena Quintanilla. In 2007, <mask> wrote The Magic Cane (released in Spanish as El Bastón Mágico), a children's fable published by Scholastic. In 2009, Arrarás published Make Your Life Prime Time: How to Have It All Without Losing Your Soul, (released in Spanish as Vive Tu Vida Al Rojo Vivo: Secretos Para Triunfar En Todo), published by Atria.Public image
Often cited as the “Hispanic TV Queen,<mask> has been described by The New York Times as “a household name in Spanish-speaking homes across the country, and a darling of the Spanish-language media, which turned her into a cover girl for magazine articles that ranged from fitness to the supermom syndrome." She is one of the most popular celebrities today, with over 50 magazine covers under her belt. In 2006, she appeared on the cover of Newsweek after the magazine selected her as one of the “20 Most Powerful Women” of the next

masks:
Arrarásubén
Maria Celeste
Maria Celeste
Arrarás
Arrarás
Arrarás
” Arrarás


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 generation of leaders. Later that year, Newsweek also had her on the cover of its special international edition dedicated to “Women and Leadership.” She has been featured on the cover of People en Español magazine more than 15 times. <mask> has been the judge of the Miss Universe Pageant on two occasions. The first was the 52nd Miss Universe pageant, held in June 2003, where Amelia Vega became the first Dominican candidate to be crowned. Then again in 2006, when Puerto Rican beauty Zuleyka Rivera was crowned in Los Angeles.<mask> currently lives in Miami with her three children, Julian Enrique, Lara Giuliana, and Adrian Vadim. She is a vocal environmental and animal rights activist. She has been noted for speaking out against the exploitation of animals, especially in spectacles such as rodeos, aquariums, cock-fights, and circuses. In December 2001, she even went in front of the Puerto Rican Legislature to advocate for a ban in the Island on circuses that forced wild animals to perform as part of their shows. Currently <mask> is working with The Humane Society of the United States and Humane Society International on a campaign to dramatically improve the welfare of the more than 300,000 stray dogs and one million stray cats in the island. <mask> is a supporter of Para la Naturaleza, a non-profit organization dedicated to environmental conservation and historic preservation in Puerto Rico. She is also an avid supporter and advocate of other organizations including, Autism Speaks, an autism advocacy organization in the United States that sponsors autism research and conducts awareness and outreach activities aimed at families, governments, and the public.See also

List of Puerto Ricans
List of television presenters
History of women in Puerto Rico

References

External links
<mask> <mask> at YouTube

1960 births
Living people
Actresses from Miami
Puerto Rican journalists
People from Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
Puerto Rican television personalities
American television talk show hosts
Puerto Rican people

masks:
Arrarás
Arrarás
Arrarás
Maria Celeste
Maria Celeste
Arrarás


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<mask> (3 June 1914 – 18 October 2009) was a Spanish-American physician, specializing in orthopedics. He was born on 3 June 1914 in Menorca, part of the Balearic Islands, Spain, Ponseti was the son of a watchmaker and spent his childhood helping repair watches. This skill was said to eventually contribute to his abilities as an orthopedist. He served three years as a medic during the Spanish Civil War treating orthopedic injuries of wounded soldiers. He left Spain shortly after the end of the war and became a faculty member and practicing physician at the University of Iowa, where he developed his ground-breaking, non-surgical treatment for the clubfoot defect - the Ponseti Method. Biography

In the 1950s, <mask> developed the Ponseti method (also known as the Ponseti technique), a non-surgical technique that uses a series of casts, followed by an abduction brace, to correct congenital clubfoot. The condition causes a baby's feet to turn inward and downward; if not corrected, the child will be unable to walk or move properly.He was known for this method of clubfoot treatment that bears his name, and was Professor Emeritus in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. Education

<mask> studied medicine at Barcelona University. Not long after he graduated, fighting broke out between the Nationalists and the Republicans - the start of the Spanish Civil War. Ponseti served as a medical officer with the Loyalists as a lieutenant, then captain, in the Orthopaedic and Fracture Service. His duties included setting fractures, which put him on a career in orthopaedics. Without ambulances, Ponseti used the help of local smugglers to take the injured into France. He soon escaped to France himself and went to

masks:
Ignacio Ponseti
Ignacio Ponseti
Ponseti


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 Mexico, where for two years he practiced family medicine.A physician there helped him get to Iowa in 1941 to study orthopaedics under Arthur Steindler, M.D. <mask> completed a residency at Iowa in 1944 and became a member of the orthopaedic faculty at University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. Early in his career at Iowa, Ponseti saw that the outcomes of clubfoot surgical treatments were not very good - patients had limited movement. He set out to develop a treatment that made the most of babies' flexible ligaments. The method was met with some opposition but over the past 50 years it has been adopted by many doctors and other health care providers worldwide, including in Britain and Turkey. Well into his nineties, Ponseti continued to see patients and trained visiting doctors from around the world. He also developed new prosthetic devices with John Mitchell of MD Orthopaedics, Inc. and produced training and information DVDs on the method.Ponseti's other research focused on congenital and developmental bone and joint disorders, skeletal growth disorders in children, and the biochemistry of cartilage. He gained insight in the early 1950s on the effect of amino nitriles on collagen cross linking, defined the curvature patterns of idiopathic scoliosis, and demonstrated that curves progressed after skeletal maturity. He also conducted many studies evaluating the long-range results of treatments for congenital dislocation of the hip, clubfoot and scoliosis. The Ponseti method
Clubfoot affects well over 100,000 newborns annually. Early in his career at the University of Iowa, Ponseti realized that surgical approaches did not fully correct clubfoot and/or created problems later in life, such as severe arthritis or even requiring more surgery.


texts: In working to develop a new approach, he determined it could be nonsurgical. The Ponseti method uses gentle, manual manipulation of the foot, followed by application of toe-to-groin plaster casts.The casts are changed weekly after a clinician manipulates softened foot ligaments to gradually achieve near-normal muscle and bone alignment. In addition to the improved physical outcomes, compared to surgery, the Ponseti method is less expensive and can be taught to nonphysician health care providers, which is useful in areas with few or no doctors. Clubfoot is the most common musculoskeletal birth deformity, affecting 200,000 newborn children each year worldwide, 80% of whom are in developing countries. The Ponseti method is used, for example, in Uganda, where efforts continue to improve the availability of the treatment. The Ponseti method is effective when properly applied by a trained health care provider and is considered the "gold standard" treatment, leading to a normal, productive life. Nearly 80% of children can expect an excellent to good long-term outcome; however, a minority of children will get recurrence requiring repeated treatment, or on occasion surgery. Non-compliance with the method is the greatest risk-factor for failure.At the 2007, International Clubfoot Symposium attended by 200 doctors from 44 countries, papers were presented regarding an estimated 10,000 children successfully treated with the technique around the world in recent years. The Ponseti International Association for the Advancement of Clubfoot Treatment was founded in 2006 to improve the treatment of children born with clubfoot, through education, research and improved access to care. PIA has a related website devoted to parents' interests and needs.


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 Groups that work with Ponseti International include CURE International and A Leg to Stand On (India) and Pehla Qadam (Pakistan). World Clubfoot Day

World Clubfoot Day was introduced in 2013 by Ponseti International Association, and is celebrated on June 3 every year, commemorating <mask>'s birthday. This date was chosen following the signing of the Iowa Clubfoot Declaration during the 2nd International Clubfoot Symposium held in Iowa City, Iowa, USA, on October 4 – 5, 2012. The goal of World Clubfoot Day is to raise awareness about clubfoot disability and its prevention using the Ponseti method.Notes

References

External links
<mask> | Galeria de Metges Catalans
Ponseti International for health care providers
Ponseti International downloadable book on clubfoot treatment
Ponseti International for parents
University of Iowa website on clubfoot
Comprehensive list of links to information about Ponseti
Ponseti checklist for parents
Information about the use of the Ponseti method can be found at these sites:
 World Health Organisation
 American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons
 Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America
 STEPS Charity UK
 STEPS Charity South Africa

1914 births
2009 deaths
Spanish orthopedic surgeons
20th-century surgeons
University of Iowa faculty
Spanish emigrants to the United

masks:
Ponseti
Ignacio Ponsetí


texts:
<mask> (; February 27, 1958 – October 12, 1978) was an American amateur music journalist , most famously known for being the former manager  and girlfriend of English musician Sid Vicious. <mask> has been named a significant figure of the 1970s punk rock scene. Raised Jewish in Philadelphia, Spungen was an emotionally disturbed child who was diagnosed with schizophrenia at age 15. After being expelled from college, she flew to London in December 1976 at the height of the punk rock movement and became involved with Vicious. Their relationship was punctuated by bouts of domestic violence and drug abuse. The press soon labelled Spungen "Nauseating <mask>" for her outrageous and frequently antisocial behavior. After the Sex Pistols disbanded, the couple moved to New York City and checked into the Hotel Chelsea, where they spent much of their time using drugs, especially heroin.In October 1978, Spungen was found dead in the bathroom of the couple's room, with a single stab wound to the abdomen. Vicious was charged with her murder, but died of a heroin overdose while on bail in February 1979 before the case went to trial. Various authors and filmmakers have speculated about Vicious' role in Spungen's death and the possibility that Spungen was killed by a drug dealer who frequently visited their room. Early life
<mask> Spungen was born on February 27, 1958, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, at the University of Pennsylvania Hospital, to Franklin "Frank" (1934–2010) and Deborah Spungen (born 1937). She was born with severe cyanosis and nearly died of oxygen deprivation after being choked by her umbilical cord during delivery. Spungen appeared to have suffered no brain damage and was released from the hospital eight days after birth. The Spungens were a middle-class Jewish family that resided in Lower Moreland Township,

masks:
Nancy Laura Spungen
Nancy
Nancy
Nancy Laura


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 a suburb of Philadelphia.Spungen's father was a traveling salesman and her mother later owned an organic food store called The Earth Shop in nearby Jenkintown. Young <mask> was a difficult baby, throwing crying fits and temper tantrums late into childhood. At three months old, she was prescribed a liquid barbiturate by a pediatrician, but her violent behavior persisted. In an interview, Spungen's mother stated, "I know it's normal for babies to scream, but <mask> did nothing but scream." Though she excelled academically, she had few friends during her elementary school years. Spungen was a temperamental child who exhibited violent behavior toward her younger sister Susan but was very caring toward her younger brother David. She allegedly threatened to kill a babysitter with scissors and attempted to batter her psychiatrist, who accused her of "acting out" for attention.At age 11, Spungen was expelled from public school when she went absent from class for more than two weeks. Weary of her erratic behavior, Spungen's parents enrolled her at Devereux Glenholme School in Connecticut and at Devereux Manor High School in Pennsylvania. In January 1972, Spungen ran away from Devereux Manor and attempted suicide by slitting her wrists with scissors. When she was 15, her psychiatrist diagnosed her with schizophrenia. Education
Spungen graduated from Lakeside High School in April 1974, two weeks after her application to attend the University of Colorado Boulder was accepted. She began attending the university at 16, but five months into her freshman year she was arrested for purchasing marijuana from an undercover police officer. When she was later arrested for storing stolen property in her dorm room, the University of Colorado decided to expel her.Spungen's father traveled to Boulder and accepted a plea bargain for

masks: Nancy Nancy


texts:
 her, which resulted in her being banished from the state of Colorado. Relationship with Sid Vicious
Spungen left home at 17 and moved to New York City, where she supported herself for a time with sex work, amateur music journalism, and odd jobs at clothing stores. In her free time, she became a groupie and followed rock bands such as Aerosmith, Bad Company, The New York Dolls, and the Ramones. In 1977, Spungen flew to London with The Heartbreakers and met Sex Pistols, who later included bassist Sid Vicious; Spungen and Vicious soon moved in together. During their tumultuous nineteen-month relationship, Spungen and Vicious (who was already abusing multiple drugs before meeting Spungen) became addicted to heroin. The tabloids dubbed Spungen "Nauseating <mask>" for her frequent public outbursts. After Sex Pistols broke up in January 1978, Spungen and Vicious eventually moved to Hotel Chelsea in New York City.They stayed in room 100, registered as "Mr. and Mrs. John Simon Ritchie", Vicious' real name. Death
Over the next two months, Vicious and Spungen spiraled into deeper drug abuse. On October 12, 1978, Spungen's body was found under the sink in the bathroom of their room at the Hotel Chelsea. She had suffered a single fatal stab wound to the abdomen. It was long rumored that Vicious owned the knife that inflicted the injury, a "007" hunting knife that he had obtained after seeing Dee Dee Ramone give one to the Dead Boys' Stiv Bators, but the police report notes that the knife is a Jaguar Wilderness K-11 with a  blade. Vicious was immediately arrested and charged with second-degree murder. He pleaded not guilty and was released on bail, though he shared conflicting stories of the night Spungen died.Four months after her death, Vicious died of a heroin overdose before the trial could take place and the New York


texts:
 City Police Department closed the case. Spungen was buried in the King David Memorial Park in Bensalem Township, Pennsylvania. Aftermath
There are several theories that implicate someone other than Vicious in Spungen's murder, such as one of the two drug dealers who had visited the apartment that night, and that suggest that a robbery was involved, as certain items (including a substantial bankroll) were claimed to be missing from the room. In his book Pretty Vacant: A History of Punk, Phil Strongman accuses actor and stand-up comic Rockets Redglare of killing Spungen; Redglare had delivered drugs to the couple's room at the Hotel Chelsea on the night of Spungen's death. Throughout his life, Redglare, who died in 2001, steadfastly denied any involvement in Spungen's murder to the press, but often "confessed" to the murder within his circle of friends, to mixed reaction. Friends such as Zoe Hansen took Redglare at his word, but others, including Howie Pyro, have cast doubt on his claims, insisting that he enjoyed telling exaggerated stories for attention. Redglare also told the press that he believed that a drug dealer whom he had seen in the lobby of the Hotel Chelsea on the morning of Spungen's murder committed the crime.In other media
"Horror Business", a 1979 song by the American punk rock band Misfits was inspired by Spungen's murder with song's lyrics, which include lines such as, "You don't go in the bathroom with me" and, "I'll put a knife right in you". Prior to Vicious's death, the Misfits were rumored to back Vicious on his proposed debut solo album. Additionally, Misfits bassist Jerry Only attended a dinner gathering at the apartment of Vicious' girlfriend Michelle Robinson the night that Vicious died. Spungen's mother Deborah wrote the memoir And I Don't Want to Live This Life (1983). Its title


texts:
 is taken from a poem Vicious wrote. The British biopic Sid and Nancy (1986), directed by Alex Cox, portrays the life of Vicious (played by Gary Oldman) and his relationship with Spungen (played by Chloe Webb). Critics praised Webb's performance as Spungen.In the film, Cox also put forth the theory that Spungen and Vicious had a suicide pact, but they got into an argument when Vicious reneged. The argument escalated when Spungen assaulted Vicious, who was trying to leave the apartment, and as portrayed in the film she was stabbed accidentally when she charged him while his knife was out. Veronica Schanoes' story "Rats" appeared in the 2007 Interstitial Arts Foundation anthology Interfictions. The story is a punk rock fairytale inspired by Spungen's life. About her work, the author said: "I wrote 'Rats' because I was angry with the way the recent coffee-table histories of punk seem to have no problem demonizing a dead, mentally ill, teenage girl." Alan G. Parker directed the 2010 documentary film Who Killed Nancy?, which includes interviews with Vicious and Spungen's associates, including John Holmstrom, Don Letts, Glen Matlock, and Howie Pyro. References

Sources

External links

1958 births
1978 deaths
1978 murders in the United States
20th-century American people
20th-century American women
American female erotic dancers
American expatriates in the United Kingdom
American people with disabilities
American prostitutes
Burials in Pennsylvania
Deaths by stabbing in New York (state)
Drug dealers
Female murder victims
Groupies
Jewish dancers
Jews in punk rock
Murdered American Jews
Sex workers murdered in the United States
People from Montgomery County, Pennsylvania
People from Philadelphia
People murdered in New York City
People with schizophrenia
Sex Pistols
University of Colorado Boulder alumni
Women in


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<mask> (born 1979 in Madrid, Spain) is a sound artist, composer, filmmaker, theorist and curator working between Madrid and Berlin, where he has taught at the Electronic Music Studio of the Technical University of Berlin. He also lectures regularly at the Department of Art History and Musicology of the University of Oviedo (Spain), and at the European University of Madrid as a specialist in Sound Art and Electroacoustic music. His artistic and theoretical work addresses problematic concepts like the relationships between sexuality and music (both understood as socio-cultural constructions, rather than 'natural categories'), or the connections between interactive processes and the illusion of control. Álvarez-Fernández has explored these issues in his sound installations and musical compositions, both alone and as a member of the art group DissoNoiSex. Career
The works of Álvarez-Fernández have been presented in several venues in Europe and America, including the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, the National Auditorium of Music and the Residencia de Estudiantes (where Álvarez-Fernández was composer-in-residence from 2002 to 2005) in Madrid, the Technical University of Berlin, The Huset gallery in Copenhagen, Harvard University, New York University, the Eyebeam Gallery in New York and O'culto da Ajuda in Lisbon, among many others. He has also composed music for different audiovisual productions, including the film "A via láctea", by Brazilian director Lina Chamie, premiered at the Cannes Film Festival in 2007. As a musicologist and sound-art theorist, Álvarez-Fernández has


texts: lectured (and his writings have been published) in Spain, Germany, Italy, France, Denmark, Sweden, Macedonia, Serbia, Lithuania, Russia and the United States, among other countries.His work as a sound-art curator is widely recognized in Spain. For the project "Itinerarios del sonido" (co-curated along with María Bella) fourteen internationally recognized artists were invited (in many cases, for the first time) to Madrid, in order to create a new sound piece that later would be listened to in specific bus-stops around the city. Participants of this project included Vito Acconci, Jorge Eduardo Eielson,  Julio Estrada, Luc Ferrari, Bill Fontana, Susan Hiller, Christina Kubisch, Adrian Piper and Trevor Wishart, among others. In 2007, Álvarez-Fernández curated in Berlin "Offener Klang / Sonido Abierto" as part of the "Linux Audio Conference", with concerts and workshops at the Technical university and at the Instituto Cervantes Berlin. In April 2011 he curated, along with Chema de Francisco and Rubén Gutiérrez del Castillo, the "SON" Festival, which presented for the first time at the Auditorio Nacional de Música (Madrid) the newest generation of Spanish sound artists in a series of concerts, performances and sound installations. Also in 2011, <mask>-Fernández received the IV "Cura Castillejo" prize, awarded at the Nits de Deshielo i Art Festival, organized in Valencia by sound artist Llorenç Barber (the three previous recipients of the award being Francisco López, Fátima Miranda and sound installation pioneer Luis Lugán). In 2015 he directed, in collaboration with Luis Deltell, the


texts:
 feature-length documentary "No escribiré arte con mayúscula" ("I will not write art with a capital letter"), devoted to the life and works of Spanish pioneer of conceptual art Isidoro Valcárcel Medina, premiered at the Festival Punto de Vista (Pamplona).In 2008 <mask>-Fernández became host at Radio Clásica/Radio Nacional de España for the weekly radio broadcast Ars Sonora, a cult program (founded in 1985) devoted to sound art and experimental music. References

External links
"Itinerarios del sonido", public sound-art project curated by <mask>-Fernández
DissoNoiSex
"Álvarez-Fernández: Sound Amateur", article by Silvia Scaravaggi published by Digimag (Italy)
"Dissonance, Sex and Noise: (Re)building (Hi)stories of Electroacoustic Music", article by <mask>-Fernández published by the HZ Journal (Sweden)
"<mask> Fernández recibe el Premio Cura Castillejo de las 'Nits de Deshielo i Art'" (press article)
"SON" Festival, sound art project curated by <mask>-Fernández at the Auditorio Nacional de Música (Madrid)

Bibliography
Álvarez Fernández, <mask>. 2005a. "Dissonance, Sex and Noise: (Re)Building (Hi)Stories of Electroacoustic Music". In ICMC 2005: Free Sound Conference Proceedings, International Computer Music Conference, Escola Superior de Musica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain, September 4–10, 2005. Barcelona: International Computer Music Conference; International Computer Music Association. ; SuviSoft Oy Ltd.
Álvarez Fernández, <mask>.2005b. "Disonancia y emancipación: comodidad en/de algunas estéticas musicales del siglo XX". Taller Sonoro: Revista cuatrimestral de música contemporánea 4

masks:
Miguel Álvarez
Miguel Álvarez
Miguel Álvarez
Miguel Álvarez
Miguel Álvarez
Miguel
Miguel


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 (January). ISSN 1887-2093
Álvarez-Fernández, <mask>. 2005c. "El comisariado como metodología de investigación musicológica". Revista de Musicología 28, no.2:1425–34. ISSN 0210-1459
Álvarez-Fernández, <mask>. 2007a. "Posibilidades (e imposibilidades) de los "nuevos medios tecnológicos" en la creación sonora". Sul Ponticello. Revista on-line de estudios musicales 7 (January). ISSN 1697-6886
Álvarez-Fernández, <mask>.2007b. "The Sound of Meaning: Aesthetical Approaches to the Manipulation of Speech Sounds" (seminar syllabus). Anon. [n.d.]. "<mask>-Fernández" Spanish Wikipedia article. Bandrés, Jon. 2011."Nace SON, festival para la nueva generación de artistas sonoros españoles". RTVE.ES, 8 April 2011. Correa, Sergio. 2007. "Nuevos instrumentos para música nueva". BBC MUNDO.COM, 27 March 2007. Prieto, Ruth.2013. "No puedo entender la música como algo distinto de la política, interview with <mask>-Fernández". El Compositor Habla, April 2013. Reverter, Arturo. 2011. "SON. Músicadhoy se asoma a la cantera".El Cultural 8 April 2011. Sánchez, Sergio. 2013. "España electroacústica, interview with <mask>-Fernández". Blog del experto FNAC, 2 August 2013. Scaravaggi, Silvia. [n.d.] "Alvarez-Fernandez: Sound Amateur".Digimag 27, sept 07. Experimental musicians
Sound artists
Spanish installation artists
Spanish contemporary artists
21st-century classical composers
Spanish musicologists
Spanish classical composers
Spanish male classical composers
Artists from Madrid
Complutense University of Madrid alumni
Living people
1979 births
University of Oviedo alumni
Spanish radio personalities
21st-century

masks:
Miguel
Miguel
Miguel
Miguel Álvarez
Miguel Álvarez
Miguel Álvarez


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<mask> DCL FRS FLS FGS FRGS FES FZS MRI FRHS (15 January 1834 – 19 February 1919) was an English lepidopterist, entomologist and ornithologist. He was one of the twenty founding members of the British Ornithologists' Union. Along with Osbert Salvin, he is remembered for studying the fauna and flora of Central America. Godman collected Iznik, Hispano-Moresque and early Iranian pottery. His collection of more than 600 pieces was donated to the British Museum through the will of his younger daughter, Catherine, who died in 1982. Early life and Cambridge years
<mask> was born on 15 January 1834 at Park Hatch, Godalming, Surrey, and was one of the thirteen children of <mask> and Caroline Smith. <mask> was a partner in the brewery firm Whitbread & Company.<mask> was sent to study at Eton College in 1844 but left three years later due to poor health and was educated at home by private tutors. At the age of 18 he went with his tutor on a trip around the Mediterranean and the Black Sea visiting southern Spain, Athens and Constantinople. Godman joined Trinity College, Cambridge in 1853, where he met Alfred Newton and Osbert Salvin. Both Salvin and Godman spent time learning to skin and mount birds at Baker's taxidermy shop on the Trumpington Road. They also spent time in the field on the fens. The custom of these ornithological friends, (which included his younger brother Percy (1836–1922)), to meet and talk over their recent acquisitions led to the idea of an organisation and the foundation of the British Ornithological Union. At a meeting in Newton's room in Magdalene College on 17 November 1858, a group that included <mask>, Salvin, Wilfred Simpson, John Wolley, Philip Sclater and others decided that "... an Ornithological Union of twenty members should be formed, with the object of establishing a new Journal devoted to Birds: that Lieut.-Colonel H. M. Drummond should be President, Professor Newton the Secretary of the Union, and Sclater should edit the Journal:

masks:
Frederick DuCane Godman
Frederick DuCane Godman
Joseph Godman
Joseph Godman
Frederick
Godman


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 that the title of the Journal should be The Ibis."Travels
Godman inherited a fortune from his father that allowed him to travel the world. In 1857 <mask> and his brother Percy visited Bodø in northern Norway. They later published an account of their visit in the Ibis. In 1861 he joined Salvin (who was making his third trip to South America) in a trip to Guatemala and Belize via Jamaica. Godman left Salvin in Belize due to a fever and returned home via the Atlantic coast. In 1865, he made a trip to the Azores with one of his younger brothers, Captain <mask> (1844–1894). In 1871 he visited the Canary and Madeira Islands.He corresponded with Charles Darwin. He made many other trips later including a trip to India in 1886 with his brother-in-law Henry John Elwes. They visited Bombay, Delhi, Allan Octavian Hume at Simla, Calcutta and then travelled east to Sikkim. He purchased a collection of butterflies from Robert Lidderdale (1835–1908). During this trip he had trouble walking particularly at high altitudes. They returned through Madras and Sri Lanka. Later on he had a blood clot in the veins of his legs, leading him to move and live in the warmth of Mexico in 1885.Even here he joined Elwes on a trip up Popacatapetl. Life and work

In 1876 <mask> and Salvin decided to work on a project to document the fauna and flora of Central America. This monumental work Biologia Centrali-Americana (1879–1915) was to grow into a 63 volume encyclopaedia on the natural history of Central America. Some of the botanical plates were painted by Salvin's wife. Salvin did not live to see it completed. Godman relied on Salvin for much of the systematics involved. The work was made possible by a number of other collaborators including Richard Bowdler Sharpe and George Charles Champion.The associated collection was also enormous and included collections made by others such as Henry Walter Bates that were purchased. <mask> and Salvin also collected numerous bird and butterfly

masks:
Godman
Temple Godman
Godman
Godman


texts: specimens. These were presented to the British Museum in 1885, including nearly 520,000 bird skins alone. Other works by Godman included The Natural History of the Azores (1870) and a two-volume Monograph of the Petrels (1907–10) with plates by J. G. Keulemans. The British Ornithologists' Union instituted the Godman-Salvin Medal for contributions to ornithology while a memorial to <mask> and Salvin was constructed and is exhibited in the Natural History Museum. Godman also took an interest in plants, maintaining a large collection of rhododendrons, orchids and alpine plants in his garden and rockery at South Lodge near Horsham. This house is now the South Lodge Hotel.There appears to have been a friendly rivalry with his friend Sir Edmund Loder, a plantsman and owner of nearby Leonardslee country estate. They co-operated on loderii hybrid rhododendron, a cross between Leanardslee's Rhododendron fortunei and South Lodge's Rhododendron griffianthium. South Lodge remains notable for its rhododendrons. His other botanical passions included orchids and nerines, and with his gardener, Geoffrey Giles, he propagated rare orchids, regularly being awarded for his efforts by the Royal Horticultural Society. Along with his brother Colonel Charles Bulkeley <mask> (1849–1941), he took an interest in hunting with dogs, fishing and shooting. Godman collected early Iranian pottery, Iznik pottery and Hispano-Moresque ware. Although he had visited Istanbul in 1852, the ceramics were purchased in England.He became well known as a collector and dealers would bring items to his home near Horsham. His collection included important inscribed and dated works. In 1873  he married Edith, the daughter of J. H. Elwes (and hence sister of Godman's friend H. J. Elwes) and after her death in 1875 married Alice, daughter of Percy Chaplin in 1891. Along with his second wife, later Dame Alice Mary <mask> (1868–1944, who became deputy president of the British Red Cross Society), he travelled

masks: Godman Godman Godman


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 to the West Indies and through Africa. He had two daughters by his second wife, Eva Mary (1895–1965) and Catherine Edith (1896–1982). Both his daughters took an interest in natural history. The elder daughter Eva was killed by a vehicle when she crossed a street to post a letter.His collection of more than 600 pieces of Islamic pottery was transferred to the British Museum through the will of his younger daughter, Catherine, who died in 1982. Godman was secretary of the British Ornithological Union from 1870 to 1882 and again from 1889 to 1897, and also served as president from 1896 until 1913. He was a fellow of the Zoological Society of London, and member of its council from 1902. He was elected to the Royal Society in 1882, received a gold medal from the Linnean Society in 1918, and was made a trustee of the British Museum. Death
Godman died on 19 February 1919 at 45 Pont Street, London, and was laid to rest in Cowfold, Sussex. Legacy
Godman is commemorated in the scientific names of four species of reptiles: Anolis godmani, Cerrophidion godmani, Rhadinella godmani, Thamnophis godmani; one amphibian, Godman's tree frog (Tlalocohyla godmani), and the heliconid butterfly Neruda godmani. Works

Books

 Scans from the Internet archive: Volume 1, Volume 2.Journal articles
<mask> published 12 article on birds in the Ibis. Several of these had multiple parts and almost all were with Salvin as a co-author. He also published over 30 articles on butterflies, again mostly with Salvin. References

Further reading

External links
British Museum collection information

1834 births
1919 deaths
People from Godalming
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
English lepidopterists
English ornithologists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society
Fellows of the Zoological Society of London
Fellows of the Linnean Society of London
Fellows of the Royal Entomological Society
Fellows of the Royal Horticultural


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<mask> (27 April 195425 October 2020) was a German politician and member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD). From October 2017 until his death he served as Vice President of the Bundestag. In his earlier career, he served as First Secretary (2007–2013) and later as chairman (2013–2017) of the SPD Parliamentary Group in the Bundestag. <mask> belonged to the right wing of the SPD, known as Seeheimer Kreis. Life and career
<mask> was born in Freckenhorst on 27 April 1954. Oppermann received his abitur from the Goetheschule in Einbeck. Afterwards, he studied German studies and English studies at University of Tübingen.From 1976 to 1978, he worked at Action Reconciliation Service for Peace (ARSP) in the United States. After his return to Germany, he went to law school at University of Göttingen, finishing in 1986. From then until 1990, Oppermann was an administrative court judge in Hanover and later in Braunschweig. From 1988 to 1989, he was seconded to serve as chief legal affairs officer for the city of Hann. Münden. Oppermann had three daughters and one son. Political career

Role in regional politics
<mask> has been a member of the (SPD) since 1980 and president of the regional SPD in Göttingen since 1989.He was a member of the Lower Saxon Landtag from 1990 to 2005. He was speaker for legal affairs there from 1990 to 1998. Between 1998 and 2003, <mask> served as State Minister for Science and Culture in the cabinets of Minister-Presidents Gerhard Schröder, Gerhard Glogowski and Sigmar Gabriel. In 1999, after Glogowski's resignation, <mask> lost an internal party vote against Gabriel on becoming the next Minister-President. From 2003 to 2005, <mask> was the economic speaker of the state SPD parliamentary group. National politics
From the 2005 federal election until his death in 2020, <mask> served as a member of the Bundestag (German parliament). Within his parliamentary group, he was part of the Seeheim Circle.From March 2006 to November 2007, he was speaker of the working group and leader of the SPD

masks:
Thomas Ludwig Albert Oppermann
Oppermann
Oppermann
Oppermann
Oppermann
Oppermann
Oppermann
Oppermann


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 delegation on the committee to investigate the secret services (Geheimdienst-Untersuchungsausschuss). <mask> was elected as the First Parliamentary Secretary of the SPD parliamentary group in November 2007, succeeding Olaf Scholz; he was subsequently re-elected in 2011 and 2013. In this capacity, he also joined the parliament's Council of Elders, which – among other duties – determines daily legislative agenda items and assigning committee chairpersons based on party representation. He also became a member of the Parliamentary Oversight Panel (PKGr), which provides parliamentary oversight of Germany's intelligence services BND, BfV and MAD. Between 2006 and 2013, <mask> was the Deputy Chairman of the German-Israeli Parliamentary Friendship Group. From 2009, he served on the parliamentary body in charge of appointing judges to the Highest Courts of Justice, namely the Federal Court of Justice (BGH), the Federal Administrative Court (BVerwG), the Federal Fiscal Court (BFH), the Federal Labour Court (BAG), and the Federal Social Court (BSG). Ahead of the 2009 elections, German foreign minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier included <mask>, then relatively unknown face to the German public, in his shadow cabinet of 10 women and eight men for the Social Democrats’ campaign to unseat incumbent Angela Merkel as chancellor.During the campaign, Oppermann served as shadow minister for interior affairs and therefore as the counterpart of incumbent Wolfgang Schäuble. Chairman of the SPD Parliamentary Group, 2013–2017
In the negotiations to form a so-called Grand Coalition following the 2013 federal elections, <mask> led the SPD delegation in the internal and legal affairs working group; his co-chair was Hans-Peter Friedrich of the CSU. When Frank-Walter Steinmeier resigned as Chairman of the SPD Parliamentary Group to serve once again as foreign minister in Angela Merkel's second Grand Coalition, <mask> was elected as his successor on 16 December 2013. <mask> also served on the Committee on the Election of Judges

masks: Oppermann Oppermann Oppermann Oppermann Oppermann Oppermann


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 (Wahlausschuss), which is in charge of appointing judges to the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany. In late 2015, the SPD's board under the leadership of Sigmar Gabriel mandated <mask> and Manuela Schwesig with the task of drafting an electoral program for the 2017 federal elections. In the Social Democrats’ campaign to unseat incumbent Angela Merkel as chancellor, Oppermann focused on defence policy, thereby being a counterweight to incumbent Ursula von der Leyen. Vice-President of the German Bundestag, 2017–2020

After the Social Democrats experienced their worst result in German post-war history, the new chairman Martin Schulz nominated Andrea Nahles to replace <mask> as leader of the party's group in the German Parliament.He also served on the Committee on Foreign Affairs. From 2019, he was a member of the German delegation to the Franco-German Parliamentary Assembly. In August 2020, <mask> announced that he would not stand in the 2021 federal elections but instead resign from active politics by the end of the parliamentary term. Political positions

In 2011, <mask> publicly spoke out in favor of holding a national referendum over fundamental principles of the European Union on the day of the 2013 German federal election. In 2013, Oppermann criticized the government of Chancellor Angela Merkel as news emerged of its intentions to sell arms to Saudi Arabia, saying that the conservatives wanted to "totally upgrade" the country's military capabilities. Faced with 800,000 migrants arriving in Germany in 2015, <mask> said his party would never accept a "CSU proposal to create 'transit zones' near the border, where asylum seekers with no chance of staying could be quickly sent back home". Other activities

Corporate boards
 EnBW, Member of the Advisory Board (2005–2006)

Non-profits
 German Football Association (DFB), Chairman of the Ethic Commission (since 2019)
 Hertie School of Governance, Member of the Board of Trustees
 Friedrich Ebert Foundation (FES), Member
 Friends of the Center for

masks: Oppermann Oppermann Oppermann Oppermann Oppermann


texts:
 Palliative Care of the University of Göttingen, Member of the Board of Trustees
 Berlin Institute for Advanced Study, Member of the Board of Trustees (until April 2015)
 Göttingen International Handel Festival, Member of the Supervisory Board
 Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Member of the Board of Trustees
 Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Member of the Board of Trustees
 Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Member of the Board of Trustees
 Volkswagen Foundation, Member of the Board of Trustees
 ZDF, Member of the Television Board
 Das Progressive Zentrum, Member of the Circle of Friends
 Fraunhofer Society, Member of the Senate (2006–2008)

Controversy
When a former member of parliament Sebastian Edathy in December 2014 appeared before a Bundestag inquiry into his purchase of child pornography, he was asked about whether a tip-off from party colleagues gave him time to destroy evidence ahead of a police raid on his home and office.Edathy said senior SPD members, particularly <mask>, breached legal privilege by discussing the case with colleagues and staff. During a closed-door hearing of the Committee on Internal Affairs earlier that year, <mask> had denied that he or any of his fellow high-ranking SPD officials "indirectly or directly informed or even warned Sebastian Edathy of the investigation or our knowledge of it." Death
<mask> collapsed while waiting for a TV appearance and was transported to a hospital in Göttingen, where he died on 25 October 2020, at the age of 66. References

External links

  Retrieved 12 March 2010

1954 births
2020 deaths
People from Warendorf
Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians
Members of the Bundestag for Lower Saxony
Ministers of the Lower Saxony State Government
Members of the Landtag of Lower Saxony
Hertie School people
Members of the Bundestag 2017–2021
Members of the Bundestag 2013–2017
Members of the Bundestag 2009–2013
Members of the Bundestag 2005–2009
Members of the Bundestag for the Social

masks: Oppermann Oppermann Oppermann


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<mask>  (born 21 July 1945) is a contemporary English poet. She read history at St Hilda's College, Oxford. She now lives in Ely, Cambridgeshire, with her husband, the poet Lachlan Mackinnon. Biography
<mask> was born in Erith in Kent (now in the London Borough of Bexley), where her father <mask> was manager of the local department store, Hedley Mitchell. She was educated at West Lodge Preparatory School in Sidcup and Farrington's School, Chislehurst, both in Kent. Following her graduation from St Hilda's College, Oxford <mask> spent fifteen years as a primary-school teacher. In 1981, she became Arts and Reviews editor for the Inner London Education Authority magazine, Contact.Five years later she became a freelance writer and was a television critic for The Spectator magazine until 1990. Five collections of her adult poetry have been published, Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis in 1986, Serious Concerns in 1992, If I Don't Know in 2001,  Family Values in 2011, and Anecdotal Evidence in 2018. She has also edited several anthologies of comic verse and was a judge of the 2007 Man Booker Prize. In 1998, she was voted the listeners' choice in a BBC Radio 4 poll to succeed Ted Hughes as Poet Laureate. When Andrew Motion's term as Poet Laureate came to an end in 2009, <mask> was again widely considered a popular candidate, although she believes the post should be discontinued. Carol Ann Duffy succeeded Motion as Poet Laureate. <mask> was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2010 Birthday Honours.In April 2011, the British Library purchased <mask>'s archive including

masks:
Wendy Cope
Cope
Fred Cope
Cope
Cope
Cope
Cope


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 manuscripts, school reports and 40,000 emails, the largest email archive they have bought to date. The papers also includes 67 poetry notebooks and unpublished poems. <mask> commented "I wanted to find a good home for my archive. The timing was dictated because we had to move home, so we needed some money to buy a house, and the space. So this was the moment. I asked Andrew Motion what I should do, and he told me someone to approach at the British Library. I wasn't sure they would want it, but they did."When the collection is catalogued and organised, the archive will be available to researchers. In 2013, after 19 years of living together, <mask> married Lachlan Mackinnon in a register office, although she has stated that she would have preferred a civil partnership. In January 2019 she was the guest on BBC Radio 4's long-running programme Desert Island Discs. Her book choice was The Compleet Molesworth, her luxury item was writing materials and her favourite track was Bach's Concerto for Two Violins and Strings in D minor. Critical reception
Despite her slight output, her books have sold well and she has attracted a popular following with her lighthearted, often comical poetry, as well as achieving literary credibility winning two awards and making an award shortlist over a fourteen-year period. She has a keen eye for the everyday, mundane aspects of English life, especially the desires, frustrations, hopes, confusions and emotions in intimate relationships. Dr Rowan Williams is a well known fan of her work, writing that: "<mask> is without doubt the wittiest of contemporary English poets, and

masks:
Cope
Cope
Wendy Cope


texts:
 says a lot of extremely serious things".Three haiku from Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis, where they are presented as being written by the (fictional) Tulse Hill poet Jason Strugnell, were set by the composer Colin Matthews in 1990 as Strugnell's Haiku. In 2008 <mask>'s poem "After The Lunch" was used as the lyric  of the song "Waterloo Bridge" by jazz composer and musician Jools Holland and singer Louise Marshall. Style
Some of her poems are written in the persona of a struggling male poet, Jason Strugnell, a slightly seedy figure from Tulse Hill. She displays her talent for parody with targets ranging from the sonnets of Sir Philip Sidney:

My true love hath my heart and I have hers
We swapped last Tuesday and felt quite elated
But now whenever one of us refers
To 'my heart' things get rather complicated. to reducing T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land to limericks:

In April one seldom feels cheerful;
Dry stones, sun and dust make me fearful;
Clairvoyants distress me,
Commuters depress me—
Met Stetson and gave him an earful. Her style has been compared to that of John Betjeman and Philip Larkin. Bibliography

<mask>'s poetry for adults
 (1986) Making Cocoa for Kingsley Amis (Faber and Faber)
 (1992) Serious Concerns (Faber and Faber)
 (2001) If I Don't Know (Faber and Faber)
 (2011) Family Values (Faber and Faber)
 (2018) Anecdotal Evidence (Faber and Faber)

Collections of <mask>'s poetry for children
 (1988) Twiddling Your Thumbs (Faber and Faber)
 (1991) The River Girl (Faber and Faber)

Limited editions and selections
 (1980) Across the City [limited edition] (Priapus Press)
 (1984) Hope and the 42

masks: Cope Cope Cope


texts:
 (Other Branch Readings)
 (1986) Poem from a Colour Chart of House Paints [limited edition] (Priapus Press)
 (1988) Does She Like Word Games?(Anvil Press Poetry)
 (1988) Men and Their Boring Arguments (Wykeham)
 (1994) The Squirrel and the Crow (Prospero Poets)
 (2008) Two Cures for Love: Selected Poems 1979–2006 (Faber and Faber)
 (2016) A Triumphant Yes  Celandine Press 150 copies signed by the author

Other publications
 (1989) Is That the New Moon? [editor] (HarperCollins)
 (1993) The Orchard Book of Funny Poems [editor] (Orchard)
 (1996) Casting a Spell [contributor] (Faber and Faber)
 (1998) The Funny Side: 101 Humorous Poems [editor] (Faber and Faber)
 (1999) The Faber Book of Bedtime Stories [editor] (Faber and Faber)
 (2000) The Orchard Book of Funny Poems [editor] (Orchard)
 (2001) Heaven on Earth: 101 Happy Poems [editor] (Faber and Faber)
 (2002) Is That The New Moon? : Poems by Women Poets [selector] (Collins)
 (2003) George Herbert: Verse and Prose [selector and introduction] (SPCK)
 (2014) Life, Love and The Archers: recollections, reviews and other prose (Hodder & Stoughton)

References

External links

Profile at Poetry Archive
Profile and poems at Poetry Foundation
BBC profile and video
National Portrait Gallery profile and portrait
Interview with <mask> from Dreamcatcher No 15 – 2005

1945 births
Alumni of St Hilda's College, Oxford
English women poets
20th-century English poets
20th-century British poets
Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature
Formalist poets
Living people
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People from Erith
People from Winchester
20th-century


texts:
<mask> (1839–1907) was a papal chamberlain and the founder of the Oxford University Newman Society. Education

<mask> was born in 1839 as the son of <mask>, a prosperous public works contractor. He was educated at Harrow School and in 1859 matriculated to Oxford University as a commoner of Brasenose College. According to Walter Bradford Woodgate, a contemporary at Brasenose with Grissell and the founder of Vincent's Club (of which Grissell was a member), he was "a non-athlete, but ... popular". During his time at University Grissell came under the influence of the leading tractarian, Dr. Henry Parry Liddon. He became increasingly involved with the Anglican High Church movement and was admitted to the Brotherhood of the Holy Trinity, a movement to promote High Church principles within the University. Conversion
At Oxford Grissell also developed a strong interest in ecclesiastical ritual.He came to believe that the Book of Common Prayer had its roots in the Catholic liturgy and argued for greater ritualism in Anglican worship. In 1865 he published a work called Ritual Inaccuracies in which he attempted to "bring the rubrics of the Protestant Communion Service into line with those of the Roman Missal". Reminiscing about this period of his life he wrote:

Whilst working on his book Grissell came into contact with a number of Catholic priests and developed a leaning towards Roman Catholicism. Under the direction of Fr. Edward Caswall, a priest of the Birmingham Oratory, Grissell began to read Catholic works. Writing in the year of his death, he recalled his conversion:

Grissell

masks:
Hartwell de la Garde Grissell
Grissell
Thomas Grissell


texts:
 was received into the Catholic Church on 2 March 1868 by Henry Edward Manning, the Archbishop of Westminster. Papal Chamberlain

In 1869 he moved to Rome, where he served as Cameriere (a Chamberlain of Honour) to Pope Pius IX.The Cameriere wore a Spanish-style costume with cape and sword and had the duty of attending upon the pope during ecclesiastical and state functions. With his love of ritual Grissell relished life at the papal court. Writing in later life he reminisced:

The temporal power of the pope ended in 1870, when Victor Emmanuel II seized Rome, but Grissell continued to serve under Pius IX and his two immediate successors, Leo XIII and Pius X. He was rewarded for his service by being created a Knight Commander of the Order of St. Gregory the Great and, in 1898, one of the four Papal Chamberlains di numero, an honour usually reserved to the Roman nobility. Writing from Rome in 1900, <mask> referred to Grissell as a stalwart of the conservative Papal Court:

Whilst residing in Rome Grissell amassed a vast collection of relics and sacred curios, including a portion of the Crown of Thorns and the entire body of St. Pacificus. The centrepiece of the collection was the reputedly miraculous image of the Madonna called 'Mater Misericordia' (now housed in the Oxford Oratory and popularly known as 'Our Lady of Oxford'), to which Pius IX granted indulgences at Grissell's request. Besides being an expert in matters liturgical, Grissell was a noted numismatician and was elected to a fellowship of the Society of Antiquaries of London.Newman Society

When not serving at the


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 papal court, <mask> resided at 60 High Street in Oxford. Here he set up a private oratory, which was frequented by many early convert members of Oxford University. In 1877 he suggested the possibility of establishing a society for the University's Catholics and in the following year this idea the Oxford University Newman Society was founded as the 1888 Oxford University Catholic Club. Roman Catholics had only recently been readmitted to the University and their presence remained controversial. In 1883 <mask> was accused of proselytising and had to be escorted from Pembroke College whilst a mob of undergraduates hurled missiles and shouted 'No-popery' taunts at him. Nevertheless, <mask> continued to promote Catholicism within the University and he was influential in persuading Leo XIII to lift the papal ban on Catholics attending the English universities; this resulted in the foundation of Oxford University's Catholic Chaplaincy. <mask> died in Rome on 10 June 1907, leaving his relic collection in trust to the Catholic Archdiocese of Birmingham, with the proviso that it be housed within a special chapel within the church of St. Aloysius Gonzaga in Oxford.He also bequeathed a notable collection of papal coins to the Ashmolean Museum. To mark the centenary of his death in 2007, the Oxford University Newman Society mounted an exhibition commemorating his life and times, which was held in his Oxford alma mater, Brasenose College. References

Additional sources
Grissell Papers, Oxford Oratory Archive, 25 Woodstock Road, Oxford
'Hartwell de la Garde <mask>, Esq, MA, Brasenose

masks: Grissell Grissell Grissell Grissell Grissell


texts:
 College, Oxford' in J. Godfrey Rupert, Roads to Rome: Being Personal Records of Some of the More Recent Converts to the Catholic Faith (Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co, 1908). <mask> <mask> <mask> <mask>l, Sede Vacante, being a Diary written during the Conclave of 1903, with additional Notes on the Accession and Coronation of Pius X (James Parker & Co, 1903). George Andrew Beck, The English Catholics, 1850–1950: essays to commemorate the centenary of the restoration of the hierarchy of England and Wales (Burns & Oates, 1950, p. 301)
Judith F. Champ, William Bernard Ullathorne, 1806–1889: A different kind of monk (Gracewing, 2006, p. 447)
Paul R<mask>, Oxbridge men: British masculinity and the undergraduate experience, 1850–1920 (Indiana University Press, 2005, p. 212)
Walter Drumm, The Old Palace: The Catholic Chaplaincy at Oxford. (Veritas, 1991)
John Evans, Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society Vol VII (Read Books, 2006, p. 35)
Oscar Wilde, Selected Prose of Oscar Wilde (Read Books, 2006, p. 158)

1839 births
1907 deaths
People educated at Harrow School
Alumni of Brasenose College, Oxford
English Roman Catholics
Converts to Roman Catholicism from

masks:
Hartwell
de la
Garde
Grissellsel
. Deslandes


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<mask> (November 2, 1821 – October 19, 1896) was an American lawyer who served as the 29th United States secretary of the treasury from 1873 to 1874. During his tenure, the Panic of 1873 swept the nation and caused a depression that lasted five years. He controversially responded by issuing $26 million in greenbacks, which averted the crisis, although there was debate as to whether he had the authority to do so. His tenure was marred by the Sanborn incident in 1874, which involved favoritism and profiteering in the collection of unpaid taxes. He was later appointed a judge, and subsequently the chief justice, of the United States Court of Claims. Education and career

Born on November 2, 1821, in Tyngsborough, Massachusetts, <mask> studied at Pinkerton Academy and Lawrence Academy at Groton. <mask> received an Artium Baccalaureus degree in 1843, and an Artium Magister degree in 1846, both from Harvard University and a Bachelor of Laws in 1846 from Harvard Law School.He passed the Massachusetts' bar in July 1846. <mask> entered private practice in Lowell, Massachusetts in 1846. <mask> entered partnership and practiced law with his older brother Daniel Samuel, who had a large practice in Lowell. As the junior law partner, <mask> was considered to be a painstaking methodical office attorney. He served in the militia, first as a judge advocate with the rank of major and later as an aide to Governor George N. Briggs with the rank of lieutenant colonel. He was a Justice of the peace for Middlesex County, Massachusetts from 1847 to 1854. He was a bank President in Wamesit, Massachusetts from 1852 to 1853.He was President of the Common Council of Lowell from 1853 to 1854, and President of the Mechanics' Association. He was appointed to revise the statutes of Massachusetts in 1855, and subsequently chosen by the legislature to edit the annual supplements of the general statutes, which he continued to do for 22 years. He was a Judge of the Middlesex County Probate Court from 1856 to 1858. He was a Judge of the Middlesex County Probate and Insolvency Courts

masks:
William Adams Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson


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 from 1858 to 1872. He was an overseer of Harvard from 1863 to 1875. Federal executive branch service

<mask> was a United States Assistant Secretary of the Treasury from 1869 to 1872. He was Acting Attorney General for the United States Department of Justice in 1870.He was United States Secretary of the Treasury from 1873 to 1874, under President Ulysses S. Grant. Tenure as Secretary of the Treasury

During <mask>'s tenure the Panic of 1873 swept the nation and caused a depression that lasted five years. <mask> responded by controversially releasing $26,000,000 in paper money reserves in an inflationist measure to help alleviate the effects of the general panic. There was debate whether <mask> had the authority to do so, however, Congress had not passed a law to forbid such an action. <mask> secured the $15,000,000 award from the Alabama Claims through the retirement of United States bonds held in Europe. This was to ensure that no gold had to be transferred overseas by ship. The post-war economy had expanded so quickly that commercial banks became nervous and began calling in their loans.As a result, in the summer of 1873 the money supply tightened drastically, causing the Panic of 1873. <mask> responded by issuing $26 million in greenbacks to meet the demand. The legality of his action was doubtful, but the Congress did not interfere and the crisis was eased. Such cycles of expansion and panic continued for the next thirty years, however, and were the basis for the creation of the Federal Reserve in 1913. <mask>'s tenure was marred by the Sanborn Incident, which involved favoritism and profiteering in the collection of unpaid taxes. Pressure mounted for <mask> to be removed; he tendered his resignation, which President Grant accepted. As a face-saving gesture, Grant then appointed <mask> as a Judge of the Court of Claims.Federal judicial service

<mask> was nominated by President Ulysses S. Grant on June 1, 1874, to a Judge seat on the Court of Claims (later the United States Court of Claims) vacated by Judge Samuel Milligan. He was confirmed

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 by the United States Senate on June 2, 1874, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on January 20, 1885, due to his elevation to be Chief Justice of the same court. <mask> was nominated by President Chester A. Arthur on January 15, 1885, to the Chief Justice seat on the Court of Claims vacated by Chief Justice Charles D. Drake. He was confirmed by the Senate on January 20, 1885, and received his commission the same day. His service terminated on October 19, 1896, due to his death in Washington, D.C. He was interred in Oak Hill Cemetery in Washington, D.C.

Other service

Concurrent with his federal judicial service, <mask> was the editor of the Supplement to the Revised Statutes of the United States from 1874 to 1891, as well as a Professor of law at Georgetown Law from 1879 to 1894.Family

<mask>'s father was <mask> who practiced law and was Tyngsborough's postmaster, and his mother was <mask> of Chelmsford. <mask> was the descendant of Ezekiel <mask> who settled in Massachusetts Bay in 1630. <mask>'s mother died in 1825 and her sister became his step-mother the next year. Works
 The Banking Laws of Massachusetts (Lowell, 1855)
 Supplement to the General Statutes of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, with George P. Sanger (Boston, 1860–1882)
  Practical information concerning the public debt of the United States: with the national banking laws  (Washington, D.C., 1872)
He prepared and edited:
 Supplement to the Revised Statutes of the United States, 2nd ed. (1881)
 History, Jurisdiction, and Practice of the Court of Claims (United States) (1882–1885)

References

Sources

External links

1821 births
1896 deaths
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American judges
United States Secretaries of the Treasury
Harvard University alumni
Harvard Law School alumni
Massachusetts lawyers
American militia officers
Massachusetts state court judges
Judges of the United States Court of Claims
Grant administration cabinet members
United States Article I federal judges appointed by Ulysses S. Grant
Pinkerton Academy

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Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Daniel Richardson
Mary Adams
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<mask><mask> (1868–1923) was a journalist, editor, and author based in Rhode Island at the height of his career. In the years before World War I, he was a prominent advocate of American participation in the war against Germany. His claims that his newspaper staff uncovered foreign espionage plots were eventually revealed as largely fraudulent, though his reputation as an heroic anti-German crusader endured. He later engaged in a long public dispute with <mask> early in the future president's career. He cut a large figure in the world of journalism and as a conservative spokesman on such issues as anti-Bolshevism and the League of Nations. Time magazine described him as a firm believer in the old newspaper saying, "Raise hell and sell papers." Early years and career in journalism
The man who called himself <mask> was probably born <mask> in Melbourne, Australia, on July 4, 1868.The story he told of his early years is at many points unverifiable, at others questionable, and at others demonstrably false. An exhaustive review of <mask>'s accounts by the staff of the Providence Journal, the paper where he gained national notoriety, documents the problems in the historical record. <mask> did not attend Harrow in England as he claimed. Nor did he report on the British military campaign in the Sudan in 1886 for the Melbourne Argus. His tales of adventures in China, including service in the Chinese Navy, are likely fictions as well. His claim to have joined the Schwatka Expedition to Alaska in 1878–80 can not be verified. He probably arrived in the U.S. in 1889—he provided various

masks:
John R
. Rathom
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
John Revelstoke Rathom
John Solomon
Rathom
Rathom


texts: dates—and then worked for short periods at several Canadian and American newspapers on the West Coast.He  joined the San Francisco Chronicle as a staff correspondent in 1896. Two years later, during the Spanish–American War, the Chronicle sent him to Cuba. In his ensuing adventures, all dubious, he was badly wounded, returned to the U.S. with yellow fever or malaria, and escaped from a medical isolation camp. He sailed to South Africa, he later said, to cover the Boer War, but no evidence supports him. His claim that he was twice wounded there is equally suspect. His boast that he counted General Kitchener as a friend from that time until the general's death in 1916 has been called "moonshine." By his own account, in his next position as staff correspondent for the Chicago Times-Herald (later the Chicago Record Herald) he became "one of the best known newspaper men in the country."He covered the 1903 Iroquois Theater Fire with great distinction. <mask> himself called that story "a classic of deadline journalism." <mask> became a naturalized American citizen on March 25, 1906, in Chicago. He later claimed that he cherished the congratulatory telegrams he received on that occasion from William McKinley and <mask>. McKinley had died more than four and a half years earlier. <mask> misrepresented his personal life as well. On July 5, 1890, he married Mary Harriet Crockford in Canada.In 1899, he began an affair with Florence Mildred Campbell in San Francisco. His wife returned home to Canada, ending their relationship. Soon <mask> and Campbell were living together as husband and

masks:
Rathom
Rathom
Theodore Roosevelt
Rathom
Rathom


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 wife, though no record of their marriage has surfaced. The first Mrs. <mask> only sued for divorce in 1908, naming Campbell as co-respondent, and the marriage was dissolved in 1909. For the previous three years <mask> and Campbell were representing themselves to Providence society as husband and wife. Evidence from family correspondence suggests that Campbell began to style herself Mrs. <mask> in 1903. All <mask>'s various biographical accounts omitted his first marriage.The Providence Journal
In 1906, <mask> applied for work at the Providence Journal and won the post of managing editor. In 1912, he became both editor and general manager at the Journal and its afternoon edition, the Evening Bulletin. Upon his death in 1923, Time magazine reported that the two newspapers were "said to be one of the most money-making magazine combinations in the U. S."

Reporting on German espionage

<mask> campaigned for the U.S. to enter World War I in support of the British. Under his management, the Providence Journal produced a series of exposés of German espionage and propaganda in the U.S. In 2004, that same newspaper reported that much of <mask>'s coverage was a fraud: "In truth, the Providence Journal had acquired numerous inside scoops on German activities, mostly from British intelligence sources who used <mask>hom to plant anti-German stories in the American media." Duped or willingly misled by sources whose information confirmed his own pro-British sympathies, <mask> then exaggerated his own organization's role in uncovering the supposed plots. In speeches at pro-British assemblies,

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 he amplified the Journal's breathless accounts of journalists running undercover operations and thwarting foreign intrigues.Newspapers across the United States reprinted the Providence Journal exclusives, magnifying <mask>'s myth that he was directing a cadre of counterspies. The national press turned <mask> and the Journal into heroes, naming both the editor and the paper in headlines like these in the New York Times:

November 13, 1917
TELLS OF THWARTING GERMAN PLOTTERS
<mask><mask> Reveals How Reporters Outwitted Teuton Secret Service

January 20, 1918
SAYS BAKER KEPT PACIFISTS ON GUARD
<mask><mask> Tells Genesee Society Secretary [of War] Put Them In Important Posts

Many of <mask>'s reports attacked members of the Wilson administration for failing to recognize and defend against the German efforts, using phrases like "almost criminal negligence" to characterize the federal government's response. From late in 1917, the Department of Justice made it clear to <mask> that the government was concerned about his claims and criticisms, defaming the government, taking credit for fictitious achievements. Early in 1918, <mask> arranged to publish a series of articles called "Germany's Plots Exposed" in a monthly magazine, The World's Work. The first article appeared in February 1918. Just at this point the Department of Justice went on the offensive. First, they threatened to call <mask> before a grand jury to testify about his sources, which would mean revealing how much of what appeared in the Journal was fabricated or based on feeds from the British embassy and other

masks:
Rathom
Rathom
John R
. Rathom
John R
. Rathom
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Rathom
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Rathom


texts: partisans.Rather than testify, <mask> negotiated and on February 12, 1918, signed a lengthy statement in the form of a letter to Attorney General Thomas Watt Gregory. In essence, he admitted that the bulk of his sensational stories came not from his staff but from British intelligence agents and propaganda operatives. He also pleaded that he had been misquoted or the implications of his remarks misunderstood. Next the Department of Justice contacted The World's Work and revealed enough of <mask>hom's admissions to make that publication reconsider publishing the remainder of <mask>hom's articles. The World's Work immediately suspended the series and in its place proposed a series called "Fighting German Spies" authored by French Strother, one of its own editors, "by courtesy of the Bureau of Investigation of the Department of Justice". An editorial note in The World's Work left much unsaid and softened its impact by saying the suspension was by "mutual consent" of Rathom and the magazine, but it made an implied negative comparison with Rathom's work by saying of Strother's new series: "The facts and documents published in these articles are verified." Despite the series' suspension, Rathom's reputation hardly suffered.The cancellation of the planned series was a short-term story, not one to compete with headline news. Such a minor incident could not undo the work of the blaring headlines and breathless revelations that had already appeared. <mask> did not lower his voice, but his spectacular claims and charges ended. In the letter <mask> signed at the Department of Justice, he

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 gave the Attorney General the right to reveal its contents in whole or in part to anyone of his choosing at any time. The Department of Justice waited almost two years before revealing the letter's contents to the public in the context of the Newport Sex Scandal. Reporting on the Newport sex scandal

The Journal covered naval affairs on a regular basis and focused on the local base, Naval Station Newport. In January 1920, the paper took up the cause of Rhode Island's episcopal Bishop James DeWolf Perry and the local clergy who protested the Navy's failure to clean up the immoral establishments that provided sex and liquor to navy personnel.One action the Navy took, under the direction of Assistant Secretary of the Navy (and future President of the United States) Franklin Delano <mask> was a campaign to infiltrate the gathering places of Newport's homosexual community. The operation resulted in the arrests of both military personnel and civilians. <mask>hom's paper covered the Newport Sex Scandal trial proceedings daily, often with a critical eye toward the prosecution's case. When it transpired that the investigators had authorized sailors to entrap their targets and even to engage in sex in the course of their work, <mask> railed against those responsible up the chain of command to <mask> and Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels, an old <mask>hom foe for his lack of enthusiasm for early entry into the war. <mask>hom's campaign supported by the clergy resulted in two investigations, one behind closed doors by a subcommittee of the U.S. Senate Committee on Naval Affairs and a

masks: Roosevelt Rat Rathom Roosevelt Rat Rat


texts: public one by a naval court of inquiry. That meant more coverage and <mask> was a witness at both. The battle was not confined to the two investigations and the columns of the Journal.<mask> and <mask> had what the New York Times characterized as a "tart exchange of telegrams" over the issue of who in Washington authorized the improper methods used at Newport. <mask> said <mask>'s "attack on the navy was disingenuous and dishonorable." <mask> asserted his sole interest was "the protection of the honor of the United States Navy, which officials of the navy have sought to undermine by the most bestial and dishonorable methods known to man." While <mask> waited months for the outcome of the investigations, events worked to his advantage. In July 1920, <mask> resigned his Navy post and accepted the nomination of the Democratic party for Vice President, making him an even more valuable target for a newspaperman looking to sell papers and keep his name before the public. <mask> waited until just ten days before the election to go public with new and outrageous charges against <mask> and another high-profile Navy official, Thomas Mott Osborne, Commandant of Portsmouth Naval Prison, former warden of Sing Sing and the most famous penal reformer of the era. <mask> charged that the Democratic candidate for Vice President had acted improperly while Assistant Secretary of the Navy in releasing sailors convicted on morals charges from Portsmouth Naval Prison and had destroyed documents relevant to those cases.With the election just days away, events moved quickly. <mask> released his attack

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 through the Republican National Committee on October 24, 1920. The next day <mask> countered with denials and called the charges "criminally libelous." His lawyer warned that "every newspaper giving currency to these charges will be held to full responsibility." He asked the U.S. District Attorney in New York Francis G. Caffey to consider a suit as well. Caffey found no grounds for a suit on behalf of the government. Instead, with the authorization of the Attorney General, he released <mask>'s two-year-old letter admitting his exaggerations and frauds related to German espionage.The letter now became <mask>'s "confession." <mask> defended himself at length, with what success is uncertain. The <mask>-<mask> battle ended without drama. <mask>'s attorney filed his libel suit on October 28, but never pursued it. <mask>'s ticket lost badly on November 2. When the Senate subcommittee later censured <mask>, <mask> claimed vindication, but the national press took little notice. Later years

<mask> continued to maintain a high profile, addressing public meetings and rallies, some patriotic in nature and others aligned with conservative causes.He joined the new Attorney General, A. Mitchell Palmer, in warning against Bolshevik infiltration and violence. As an officer of the American Defense Society, he joined the campaign against President Wilson's proposed League of Nations, signing a statement of objections that pleaded for America to remain "aloof from all this pandemonium of tribal conflicts." It argued that the League's "impossible doctrines of the self-determination of races"

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 directly contradicted the vision of America as a haven for "all the races of the earth." <mask>'s brand of nativism drew on his passionate isolationism and continued his pro-British stance. At a "patriotic mass meeting" in Carnegie Hall, he condemned those with divided loyalties. The recently defeated Germans were an easy target, and he chided English immigrants for failing to become citizens, but he spared nothing in denouncing the Irish, especially "that crew of hyphenates who seek to embroil us with Great Britain and who would be willing to see civilization totter and die if their hatred of England could thus be satisfied." From 1917 to 1922, he was elected annually to serve as a director of the Associated Press.In 1922 he served as president of the New England Daily Newspapers Association. The governments of Belgium and Italy honored him for his advocacy on behalf of American intervention in World War I. In August 1922 he underwent an operation from which he never fully recovered. He died at his home in Providence, Rhode Island on December 11, 1923 and was buried in Swan Point Cemetery where his grave is unmarked. <mask> was deeply involved in the Boy Scout movement from its arrival in Rhode Island in 1910. He served as a Council Scout Commissioner for six years and was credited with giving scouting a big boost during its formative stages. <mask> Lodge at Yawgoog Scout Reservation was named for him in 1929.Selected writing
 Two Chicago Sketches: When the City Wakes to Life; Lake Michigan in Calm and Storm. Providence: Livermore & Knight Co., 1910. "A Fight With a

masks: Rathom Rathom Rathom


texts:
 Muskallonge," Scribner's Magazine 31, May 1902. "Taps!," Scribner's Magazine 33, January/June 1903. "The Men in Control," Leslie's Monthly Magazine 58, May/October 1904. "New York's Great Subway," The Technical World, December 1904. "Germany's Plot Exposed," The World's Work 35, February 1918.Notes

Sources
Thomas Williams Bicknell, History of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations: Biographical (NY: The American Historical Society, Inc. 1920). This fact-filled biography was based on information provided by <mask> himself. Garrett D. Byrnes and Charles H. Spilman, The Providence Journal 150 Years (Providence, RI: The Providence Journal Company, 1980)
Benjamin L. Miller, "The Primacy of the War Effort: Domestic Newspaper Coverage of the October Revolution of 1917" in Brown Journal of History, Spring 2007
Charles A. Collman, "The Mystery of <mask>e <mask>, President Wilson's Confidant," in The Fatherland: Fair Play for Germany and Austria-Hungary, edited by George Sylvester Viereck, vol. 3, no. 21, 363-5. A pro-German attack that details <mask>'s anti-German stories and charges. David Pietrusza, 1920: The Year of Six Presidents (NY: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 2007)
TIME: "The Press: <mask><mask>," Dec. 24, 1923, accessed Dec, 10, 2009.TIME: "The Press: Conscience of New England," July 6, 1953. accessed Dec 10, 2009. 1868 births
1923 deaths
American newspaper publishers (people)
American male journalists
History of mass media in the United States
Burials in Rhode Island
San Francisco Chronicle people
Editors of Rhode Island newspapers
20th-century American newspaper

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John Revtok
Rahom
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<mask> (1591–1629) was a minor Jacobean dramatist. Life

<mask> was born in Essex in 1591. He first studied at Westminster School where he had the status of a Queen's Scholar. Goffe received a scholarship on 3 November 1609 to attend Christ Church, Oxford. Here he received his bachelor of arts (B.A.) on 17 June 1613 and continued to get his master of arts (M.A. ), on 20 June 1616.While involved with acting and writing plays at Christ Church, <mask> continued school. On 3 July 1623, he acquired his bachelor of divinity and became licensed to preach shortly after on 11 July 1623. <mask> was asked to be a rector of the church in East Clandon, Surrey after receiving his B.D., an offer worth about eight pounds a year. (1) However, <mask> began delivering Latin orations and writing poems in tribute to Sir <mask> and Queen Anne of Denmark as well as to the dean of Christ Church, William Godwin. He lived alone the majority of his life because of his dislike for women. He was considered a women-hater and lived as a bachelor until he gave in to a woman and married her in East Clandon. This woman was the widow of <mask>'s predecessor and had pretended to fall in love with his preaching.He was warned by his good friend from Oxford, <mask>, that she will eventually break his heart and he would be better off without her. Unfortunately, <mask> went with his gut instinct, and was tortured by the marriage. She was consistently stubborn and disrespectful towards <mask> and his friend's. For instance, when few of <mask>'s friends from Oxford stopped by <mask>'s house, his wife looked at them with

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Thomas Goffe
Thomas Goffe
Goffe
Goffe
Goffe
Thomas Bodley
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Thomas Thimble
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 an "ill Eye" and served then eggs and milk for dinner. Embarrassed by his Wife's actions, <mask> ordered a better dinner for his friends the following night and gave them some wine. His wife and her children from her previous marriage continued to disrespect <mask> and are blamed for his death which occurred on 27 July 1629, shortly after his wedding day. His work

<mask> was an active playwright during his days at Christ Church.Since it is unknown the order in which his plays were written, scholars believe that his first play was most likely The Raging Turk, also titled Bajazet II. The play is a tragedy and was produced at Christ Church circa 1613–1618. However, the play was published after his death in 1631. <mask>'s second play in believed to be The Tragedy of Orestes which was produced circa 1613–1618 and published in 1633. His final play produced at the Christ Church was The Courageous Turk, or Amurath the First. It was produced on 21 September 1618 and published in 1632. All of his plays were published in 1 volume as Three Excellent Tragedies in 1656.There is no evidence available to verify the dates of these three plays. However, the structure, crude dialogue, and the use of, Richard Knolles's The General Historie of the Turkes as a source of inspiration, suggest that The Raging Turk is <mask>'s first play. Furthermore, <mask>'s The Courageous Turk, contains a few lines from the prologue that imply this was the third play to be acted in front of Christ Church. The lines are as follows:

"Our hope which intends,/
The sacred Muses Progeny to greet,/
Which under roofe, now

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Thomas Goffe
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 the third time meet…"

The Raging Turk is a tragedy of Emperor Bajazet II, who is desperately trying to hold onto his power. However, plotting sons, and a usurping brother prevent him from doing so. While trying to prevent his successor, confusion consumes the people, and leads to the death of at least 16 lives. The end of the play resolves with Bajazet being poisoned, and his grandson Solyman is crowned emperor.Many scholars believe in this play, “<mask> appears to be fascinated with the reputed evil of the Turks and their insatiable greed. The Tragedy of Orestes is the story of Aegisthus’s murder of Agamemnon with Clytemnestra’s help. Orestes, unsure of who murdered his father, asks the help of his good friend, Plyades. Together, the two of them dress in disguise and let it be rumoured that they have killed themselves by jumping off a cliff. Orestes is told that if he brings his fathers bones to a magic woman named Canidia, she will reveal his father’s murderer. When the truth is revealed, Orestes kills the baby born of Aegisthus and his mother and forces the parents to drink the child’s blood. After Aegisthus and Clytemnestra are killed on stage, Orestes is denied the crown and banished.Eventually, Orestes and Pylades die by running on each other’s sword. The Courageous Turk breaks into two parts. The first part is concerned with Amurath’s passion for his concubine Eumorphe, his officers’ discontent with Amurath’s affair, and death of Eumorphe. The second part contains a series of events consisting of Amurath’s various war exploits in Serbia (Battle of Kosovo), the