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<mask> (born July 27, 1984), is an American professional mixed martial artist currently competing in the Featherweight division. He previously competed in Bellator MMA, where he is the former two-time Bellator Featherweight Champion. A professional competitor since 2009, <mask> has also formerly competed for Shark Fights. <mask> was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, and grew up in the nearby suburb of Sycamore Township. Straus came from a troubled household and by the time he was a junior in high school he was living on his own and supporting himself, which included involvement in criminal activities. <mask> was a highly successful (and highly controversial) high school wrestler at Sycamore High School. As a freshman in the (112 lbs.)weight class, Straus was an alternate for the state tournament and in his sophomore season he went 2-2 in the state tournament. In his junior season, Straus finished third in the state in Division I (135 lbs.) and in his senior year he was ruled academically ineligible and missed the second half of the season (including the state tournament). However, he was given a wild card berth into the NHSCA Senior Nationals (high school senior national championship) and won the tournament. Straus is considered by some in the Ohio wrestling media to be one of the best Ohio wrestlers of the decade (2001–2010) and one of the greatest Ohio high school wrestlers to never win a state title. In addition to wrestling, Straus also played soccer and ran for the track and field team in high school. After graduating, Straus moved to Florida and worked in maintenance, but was arrested on robbery charges and was incarcerated from 2004-2007.Mixed martial arts career

Early career
Straus returned to Cincinnati after his release from prison and was introduced to mixed martial arts by a friend

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 who was a former high school wrestling opponent. He invited Straus to come train with him at Team Vision and <mask> made his professional debut in February 2009. Shark Fights
Straus was a late replacement for Marcus Hicks at Shark Fights 13: Jardine vs. Prangley where he beat WEC veteran Karen Darabedyan via unanimous decision. Bellator MMA
<mask> made his Bellator debut on June 24, 2010, at Bellator 23 where he defeated Chad Hinton via unanimous decision. In January 2011, Bellator announced that Straus would be part of the Bellator Season Four Featherweight Tournament. In the quarter finals, Straus fought Nazareno Malegarie. Straus defeated Malegarie via unanimous decision to move on to the semifinals and give Malegarie the first loss of his career.The fight won Fight of the Night honors. At Bellator 41, Straus competed in the semifinals of the Season Four Tournament against Kenny Foster. Straus controlled the fight for the first two rounds before he finished Foster via guillotine choke submission and moved on to the finals of the tournament. <mask> met Patricio Freire in the Season Four Tournament Final at Bellator 45. He lost the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> returned in the Bellator Season Six Featherweight Tournament that started on March 9, 2012. He defeated Jeremy Spoon via unanimous decision in the opening round at Bellator 60.In the semifinal round, <mask> faced Mike Corey at Bellator 65 and again won by unanimous decision. In the finals, <mask> faced Marlon Sandro at Bellator 68 and won via unanimous decision. This win earned him a title shot and rematch against Featherweight Champion Pat Curran, who had previous beaten Straus in 2009. At Bellator 78, Straus took a fight to keep himself busy while waiting for his title shot. He fought Royce Gracie black belt, Alvin

masks: Straus Straus Straus Straus Straus Straus


texts: Robinson, defeating him via submission in the second round. <mask> was scheduled to face Pat Curran on April 4, 2013 for the Featherweight Title at Bellator 95. However, on February 26, it was announced that Straus had broken his hand and had to pull out of the fight.The Featherweight Championship fight between Curran and <mask> took place on November 2, 2013 at Bellator 106. <mask> won the fight by unanimous decision to become the new Bellator Featherweight Champion. <mask> is scheduled to face Pat Curran for the third time at Bellator 112 on March 14, 2014. <mask> publicly expressed his displeasure in having to face Curran again so soon after beating him, going so far as to say he believes Bellator wants Curran as champion. However, he also stated it is his job to fight and he welcomed the bout. At the weigh ins for Bellator 112, <mask> had to cut his hair to make weight. He lost the bout via rear naked choke in the fifth round.Straus faced Justin Wilcox in the main event at Bellator 127 on October 3, 2014. He won the fight via knockout in the first round. Straus challenged Patrício Freire for the Bellator Featherweight Championship in a rematch at Bellator 132 on January 16, 2015. Freire won the back-and-forth fight in the fourth round via a rear-naked choke submission. Straus faced undefeated prospect Henry Corrales at Bellator 138 on June 19, 2015. He won the fight via submission in the second round. <mask> had a third fight with Freire on November 6, 2015 at Bellator 145.He won the fight via unanimous decision to reclaim the Bellator Featherweight Championship. Over a year since his last fight, <mask> returned to defend his title against Freire in a fourth fight in the main event at Bellator 178 on April 21, 2017. After a back-and-forth first round, Straus lost the bout via a

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 submission due to a guillotine choke early in the second round. <mask> faced Emmanuel Sanchez at Bellator 184 on October 6, 2017. He lost the fight via triangle choke submission in the third round. After a 17-month long layoff due to severe injuries suffered in a motorcycle accident, <mask> returned to the cage on March 29, 2019 at Bellator 219 and faced Shane Krutchen. He was victorious by way of first round submission.<mask> next faced Derek Campos in the opening round of the Bellator Featherweight World Grand Prix at Bellator 226 on September 7, 2019. He lost the bout via unanimous decision. On July 10, 2021, it was announced that he was no longer under contract with Bellator. Post Bellator
Straus faced Keith Richardson on October 23, 2021 in the co-main event of XMMA 3. He lost the bout via TKO due to ground and pound. Personal life
Straus has a daughter. On March 1, 2013, Straus was arrested in Fort Lauderdale, Florida after his vehicle was pulled over.He faced charges of driving with a suspended license, possession of more than 20 grams of marijuana, more than three grams of synthetic cannabis, possession of drug paraphernalia, and possession of MDMA. In the early morning hours of December 17, 2017, Straus was involved in an accident while riding his Suzuki GSX-R1000 motorcycle on State Road 7 in Dade County, Florida. He was unconscious for an unknown amount of time, and was unable to move his extremities upon regaining consciousness. His passenger was able to get help and Straus was transported to hospital. Although no alcohol was involved, it is still unknown what caused the accident. His passenger was unharmed. It would take eight months and extreme physical therapy before Straus could walk again on his own.Once able to move again without assistance, <mask> made the decision to

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texts: get back into physical shape and continue his professional MMA career. His long journey back culminated with his comeback fight at Bellator 219 on March 29, 2019, a bout which he won via submission. On February 6, 2021, Straus was arrested in Broward County, Florida and was charged with one count of aggravated battery with a weapon after he allegedly assaulted his friend. According to the affidavit, Straus showed up to the alleged victim's place of work after the two argued over text message, before she had him come out to her workplace. The victim pushed and hit Straus several times before she went to her vehicle in the parking lot with Straus following behind, and which point she claims the incident turned violent. According to the victims statement to police, she alleges Straus pushed her and she pushed back in retaliation, claiming that when she attempted to get into her vehicle to leave, Straus struck her in the left side of her face and knocked her to the ground. She further states that after he struck her, Straus got in his vehicle and left the scene.She stated that Straus called her and said he was at her apartment, and fearing Straus would destroy her property, she drove to his apartment to destroy his property. She then took a knife and cut Strauses finger so he began bleeding all over the floor. It was after this argument that Straus allegedly barely cut her with the knife. The victim fled the scene as quickly as she could and went to a neighbor's home, and from there she was taken to a nearby hospital just to make sure the cut was ok. After the victim spoke to police she felt forced to press charges, an arrest warrant for Straus was issued, and he was picked up and booked into the Broward County jail on the aggravated battery with a weapon charge, a felony, with his bail being


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<mask><mask> (born December 31, 1981) is a former American football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Washington Redskins in the first round of the 2005 NFL Draft. He played college football at Auburn. <mask> also played for the Oakland Raiders, Chicago Bears, Cleveland Browns, and Cincinnati Bengals. College career
A 2000 graduate of Taylorsville High School in Taylorsville, Mississippi, <mask> went on to play college football at Auburn. As a starter, he had a different offensive coordinator every year, finally finding success in his senior year when he led the Tigers to an undefeated season in 2004 and was named the SEC Player of the Year and MVP of the SEC Championship Game. <mask> previously held the record for the longest touchdown completion in Auburn football history, an 87-yard pass to Silas Daniels in a 2004 matchup versus Louisiana Tech, a record that is now held by Cam Newton, who completed a 94-yard pass to Emory Blake on October 2, 2010 in their victory over Louisiana-Monroe.<mask> graduated from Auburn with a degree in public administration. Statistics

~includes bowl game
Source: sports-reference.com

Professional career

Washington Redskins
<mask> was drafted as the 25th pick in the 2005 NFL Draft by the Washington Redskins under General Manager Vinny Cerrato. The Redskins traded up in the draft to get <mask>, surrendering a third round pick in the 2005 NFL draft, along with first and fourth round picks in 2006. <mask> didn't play in his rookie season, sitting on the bench behind Mark Brunell and Patrick Ramsey. On November 13, 2006, <mask> was named the Redskins starting quarterback, and on November 19, 2006, <mask> made his first career start. Despite losing in his first start to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, <mask> was praised

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texts: for his poise. On November 26, 2006, <mask> had his first win of his pro career, leading the Redskins to a 17–13 victory over the Carolina Panthers.<mask> completed 11 passes on 23 attempts for only 118 yards, with two touchdowns and one interception. <mask> threw a 66-yard touchdown pass to tight end Chris Cooley in the fourth quarter. On August 18, 2007, <mask> was tackled at the knee by Pittsburgh Steelers' DE Brett Keisel in the second preseason game. Initially, the injury looked severe but <mask> eventually walked off the field on his own. Trainers said that <mask>'s ligaments were not torn and announced his injury as a bruised knee. On December 6, 2007, <mask> dislocated the patellar ligament of his left knee during a game against the Chicago Bears. The injury did not require surgery but <mask> did not play for the remainder of the season.When Joe Gibbs retired for a second time at the end of the 2007 season, the Redskins hired Jim Zorn, first as offensive coordinator and then naming him head coach. Zorn said at the time he would also serve as quarterbacks coach. The Redskins started the season 6–2, prompting observers to declare <mask> one of the NFL's elite quarterbacks, and the "tough love" approach from head coach Jim Zorn a success. The team, however, then went on to lose six of their remaining eight games to end the season 8–8, missing the playoffs. At the end of the season, it was unclear if the Redskins were on the road to improvement or decline. Questions arose on the future of <mask> as the starting quarterback for the Washington Redskins. Despite pursuing other quarterbacks in the offseason, the Redskins were unable to acquire Jay Cutler or Mark Sanchez, opting to start <mask> for the last year of his contract.<mask> and the Redskins ended 2009 with a 4–12 record, one of the

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 worst in Redskins' history. The often rocky relationship <mask> had with head coach Jim Zorn ended with Zorn's firing. New Washington head coach Mike Shanahan said the Redskins would tender <mask> an offer leading up to the 2010 free agent period, ensuring that if he signed with another team, Washington would receive draft picks in compensation. Oakland Raiders
After the Redskins acquired Donovan McNabb, <mask> was traded to the Oakland Raiders on April 24, 2010 for a fourth round pick in the 2012 NFL Draft. On the same day, <mask> received a one-year contract extension through the 2011 season. Raiders owner Al Davis compared <mask> to former Raiders quarterback Jim Plunkett. In the opening game on the road against the Tennessee Titans, <mask> had an unspectacular start to his Raiders career as the Raiders were routed 38–13.He would complete 22 of 37 passes for 180 yards and threw one touchdown and one interception. <mask> and rookie offensive linemen Jared Veldheer, playing in the unfamiliar role of center, would also suffer multiple miscues and combine for three fumbles, losing one. The offense as a whole would fail to click until the fourth quarter when <mask> completed 7 of 9 passes in a 12-play, 72-yard drive that culminated in a 7-yard touchdown pass to Darren McFadden. In week two against the St. Louis Rams <mask> would endure another lackluster performance, completing 8 of 15 passes for a mere 87 yards and an interception. At half-time he was benched in favor of his backup, Bruce Gradkowski, in the hope of providing the Raiders offense with the spark it desperately needed. Gradkowski would go on to lead the Raiders to a tight 16–14 victory. Following <mask>'s less than inspiring performances in the first two weeks, the Raiders' coaching staff decided to go with Bruce Gradkowski as

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texts: the starting quarterback and demoted <mask> to the role of backup.The offense would show a marked improvement in the Week 3 and 4 match-ups against the Arizona Cardinals and Houston Texans respectively. Gradkowski would throw for 255 and 278 yards albeit in losing efforts. During the Week 5 home game against the Chargers, <mask> would come off the bench late in the first quarter to replace an injured Gradkowski. Behind a solid game by running back Michael Bush, <mask> was vastly improved as he completed 13 of 18 passes for 159 yards and a touchdown. Aided by a touchdown on a blocked punt in the first quarter and a forced fumble returned for a touchdown late in the fourth quarter, the Raiders would win the game 35–27 and snap a 13-game losing streak against the Chargers dating back to 2003. After his improved play in the relief effort against the Chargers and with Gradkowski injured, <mask> was re-installed as the starter for the Week 6 match-up against the cross-Bay rival San Francisco 49ers. The Raiders were unable to find any spark on offense as <mask> once again struggled, completing just 8 of 21 passes for 83 yards and throwing two interceptions.The Raiders would go down 17–9 to then winless 49ers. Although coming off of his worst performance as a Raider, <mask> was assured the start against the division rival Denver Broncos in Week 7 due to Gradkowski's continuing struggles with the shoulder injury he sustained against the Chargers. <mask> and the Raiders started hot against the Broncos, jumping out to a 24–0 lead by the end of the first quarter and never let up in a 59–14 rout. The 59 points scored was a new franchise record. <mask> would complete 12 of 20 passes for 204 yards with two touchdowns and no interceptions for a QB rating of 127.9. <mask> would throw a 43-yard touchdown pass

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 to tight end Zach Miller on the game's opening drive and a 19-yard touchdown pass to running back Darren McFadden. Ironically, while <mask> was benched by coach's decision, the Raiders lost all three of the games that <mask> did not play in, as the Raiders finished the season at 8–8 and missed the playoffs.They were able to sweep all six division games, and <mask> ended the season with his second-highest quarterback rating of any season (84.5). In 2011, <mask> started the first 6 games, leading Oakland to a 4–2 record before suffering a collarbone injury. To replace him, the Raiders traded draft picks to the Cincinnati Bengals for veteran quarterback Carson Palmer. Chicago Bears
<mask> signed with the Chicago Bears on March 13, 2012 to a one-year contract as a backup to Jay Cutler. In Week 10 against the Houston Texans, <mask> replaced Cutler, who had gone down with a concussion. In the game, <mask> completed 11 of 19 passes for 94 yards and a 70.9 passer rating. On November 16, Cutler was ruled out of the Bears-San Francisco 49ers game, meaning <mask> would start the game.The Bears went on to lose 32–7; although <mask> had a 13-yard touchdown pass to Brandon Marshall in the third quarter, he also threw two interceptions and was sacked five times. Cleveland Browns

On March 26, 2013, <mask> signed a two-year contract with the Cleveland Browns. On September 18, 2013 it was announced that previous 3rd string quarterback Brian Hoyer would start ahead of <mask> for the team's next game on September 22, 2013 against the Minnesota Vikings, as starting quarterback Brandon Weeden sat with a thumb injury. On October 23, it was announced <mask> would receive his first start as a Brown Week 8 vs the Kansas City Chiefs. The outing resulted in a 23–17 loss for the Browns, although <mask>'s performance

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 was viewed favorably, passing for 293 yards, 2 touchdowns and no interceptions. In week 9 <mask> snapped the Browns 11 game losing streak to the Ravens, throwing for 262 yards and 3 scores on his way to AFC offensive player of the week honors  <mask> ended the 2013 season 1–7 as a starter for the Browns. On March 12, 2014, <mask> was released by the Browns, along with fellow quarterback Weeden.Cincinnati Bengals

On March 19, 2014, <mask> signed a one-year deal worth $1.5 million with $400,000 guaranteed with the Cincinnati Bengals. He served as backup to starter to Andy Dalton, only appearing in four games as a late game replacement for Dalton. Retirement
In April 2015, <mask> strongly hinted at retirement, declining offers from several teams. He was approached by the Indianapolis Colts in November 2015, but declined to come out of retirement to be a backup to Matt Hasselbeck, who was starting in place of an injured Andrew Luck. NFL career statistics

NFL stats from espn.com

Personal life
<mask> is the cousin of retired basketball player LaSondra Barrett. <mask> is a Christian

<mask> made several appearances in TV commercials for Easterns Automotive Group, a local car dealership group in the DC and Baltimore areas, alongside Clinton Portis, Antwaan Randle El and Chris Cooley. References

External links

Cincinnati Bengals bio
Cleveland Browns bio
Chicago Bears bio
Oakland Raiders bio

1981 births
Living people
People from Laurel, Mississippi
Players of American football from Mississippi
African-American players of American football
American football quarterbacks
Auburn Tigers football players
Washington Redskins players
Oakland Raiders players
Chicago Bears players
Cleveland Browns players
Cincinnati Bengals players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American

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<mask> is an American professional storyteller, who has toured internationally, telling stories to a wide ranging audience in the United States, Europe, and the Near East. She has produced thirteen CDs, and won a variety of awards, such as the coveted Oracle Award. Her work has been featured in venues such as the Smithsonian Institution and the Montreal Comedy Festival, and has been featured seven times at the National Storytelling Festival. In addition she has produced a variety of seminars and workshops for storytellers. She has been commissioned by the U.S. Department of the Interior, National Public Radio, religious institutions, and non-profit organisations to create original stories that strengthen their respective missions. <mask> studied education at Wheelock College, and drama at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. She has also worked as an actress and founded the Three Apples Storytelling Festival.During her 24-year tenure as an adjunct professor with the Lesley University Graduate School, <mask> developed and implemented instruction in the use of storytelling to extend cognitive, curricular, social and emotional objectives in the educational setting. <mask> has also been instrumental in introducing story slams in Amsterdam, Finland, and Sweden, emphasising personal experience and authenticity in shaping stories for public telling. Reception

<mask> was inducted into the National Storytelling Network's Circle of Excellence "for exceptional commitment and exemplary contribution to the art of storytelling." This award is offered to "artists who are recognized nationally by their peers to be master storytellers who set the standards for excellence." <mask>'s contribution to storytelling comes in several forms, including commissioned work for the Disney Institute and the Massachusetts Foundation for the Humanities, as well as presentations at the National Storytelling Festival, the National Trust for Historic Preservation, the Hillel International Leaders Assembly, and the National Museum of American History. She has won numerous awards and

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 citations, such as the Oracle Award, the Gold Medal for Family Entertainer of the Year, and the National Youth Storytelling Pegasus Award. <mask>'s publications can be found in Storytelling Magazine, The Yarnspinner, Journal of Reading, Chosen Tales: Stories Told by Jewish Storytellers, and Chicken Soup for the Single Soul.Notable reviews include a variety of media outlets, including:

 The Boston Globe: "For a wicked good time, see <mask>'s Banned in the Western Suburbs ... <mask>'s lively presentation is more of a one woman show than a session of storytelling." The Boston Phoenix: "Her sympathetic persona is a cross between Lily Tomlin and Woody Allen, the hard edge of feminist certitude cushioned by self-deprecating humor that never slides into self hatred." (Banned in the Western Suburbs)
 The Boston Phoenix: "Storyteller, <mask>'s latest solo performance may be called Teetering on the Edge, but this actress/storyteller is one awesomely confident babe ... she'll have you giggling in the aisles." Christian Science Monitor: "There were tales and tellers that had moments of nobility and beauty. <mask>'s strongly felt parable about a grove of rootless trees symbolizing the Jewish people evoked feelings of shared humanity." Repertoire

<mask>'s various awards and recognitions indicate her work is not restricted to one or another genre, topic, or age group. She has produced children's stories that deal with authentic issues through laughter, as well as darker features of comedy and tragedy.In a performance review by Loren Niemi (2008), <mask>'s spoken-word art is described as "strong material, full of stark imagery and powerful themes." <mask> delves into riskier sorts of dark humour, featured in for example That Fading Scent, but also touches on the tragic sentiments of war, as described in Homecoming, a compelling story of a mother's helplessness in the face of war. Style

That Fading Scent, which employs cross cultural depictions facilitated through the Snow White motif, was well received by the 2006 Fringe audience, but breached the edges of

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 the "mixed (i.e. family) audience" at the 2007 National Storytelling Network Conference, illustrating the subjective limits of what is, or is not, considered appropriate. As Niemi noted, <mask>'s work broaches a philosophical aesthetic dilemma in the storytelling community:

How willing are we as a community of storytellers and story listeners to give permission for the performance of different styles and levels of challenge and maturity? How willing are we to entertain performances that subvert the expectations of safe and humorous yarns that have become the norm of the last 20 years of concert telling, to allow storytellings that burst those boundaries and perhaps fail to please an audience in the process? (Niemi 2008, 53)

In this sense, testing the subjective limits of normalcy serves up a rescue attempt on the field of storytelling by promoting its self-awareness as a discipline and profession.The uncomfortable perturbations of social breaching, as exemplified in <mask>'s edgier work, contribute to the overall style and aesthetics of storytelling as a professional endeavour. As Mann (2009) noted, the development of storytelling's aesthetic forms is to some degree the result of a wide variety of approaches to how stories such as The Epic of Gilgamesh have been told. <mask>'s "storytelling in character" is listed alongside Anna Deavere Smith and Cirque du Soleil as important in the history of story telling. Themes

As previously noted, <mask>'s work is multifaceted, embracing a wide array of topics, as well as cultural themes. <mask> often delves into issues surrounding the Jewish identity. Several of her works are listed in the Jewish Storytelling Coalition's annotated bibliography of important tales of Jewish culture. These stories carry on the traditions of "folktales, fairytales, legends, midrashim, and parables" found within the annals of Jewish cultural.Judaism boasts a strong tradition of interdependence between written text and spoken word; <mask> is listed in a selection of important works in this tradition. <mask> has also

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 confronted the topic of ageing and death in America, telling stories in the context of medical and elder care settings. For example, her story Retiring the Champ has been credited in the American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias as providing a "poignant reminder of the humanity of the patient and the complexity of patient relationships to family and environment." Retiring the Champ was also noted in several medical publication sources as providing a valuable contribution to issues surrounding the medical community such as death, dying, suffering, and loss, while calling on the listener to evaluate ethical and moral implications of specific medical practices, such as doctor/patient/family relations and the hierarchy of medical institutions. Finally, <mask>'s work has also been tailored to provide practical applications to professionals in an educational setting. <mask> herself earned a bachelor's degree in education; she often employs the techniques of classroom teaching to convey her message. Massachusetts Cable Educational Television commissioned <mask> to develop three separate television series for children.She was also commissioned to create a first person reenactment of the life of Lucy Stone. In December 2011 she was awarded a grant from the US Department of Health and Human Services to create a three part educational series promoting healthier lifestyles for youth and adults. Finally, she has been commissioned to create works for historical associations, such as the U.S.S. Constitution Museum, which lists her as an important resource of historical stories concerning the War of 1812. References

External links

 storiesalive.com
 storyteller.net
 tellingmomentstheater.com
 artofstorytellingshow.com
 tellingstoriestochildren.com
 thestorytellingschool.com
 meandthee.org
 howtotellagreatstory.com
 Massachusetts Foundation for The Humanities

Living people
American storytellers
Women storytellers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Wheelock College alumni
Alumni of the Royal Academy of

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Abu Ali al-Mansur ibn al-Musta'li (; 31 December 1096 – 7 October 1130), better known by his regnal name al-Amir bi-<mask> () was the tenth Fatimid Caliph, and the 20th Imam of Musta'li Isma'ili sect of Shia Islam, from 1101 to his death in 1130. Until 1121, he was a de facto puppet ruler of his uncle and father-in-law, the vizier al-Afdal Shahanshah. When the latter was murdered, possibly with al-Amir's connivance, the caliph appointed al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi as vizier, but took an increasing role in government, and after 1125 ruled without a vizier. His reign saw the progressive loss of all Fatimid strongholds in Palestine to the Crusaders, apart from Ascalon. His assassination in 1130, leaving only his infant son al-Tayyib as heir, threw the Fatimid regime into a succession struggle during which it almost collapsed. Fatimid rule was restored with the succession of al-Amir's cousin <mask> in 1132, which led to the division of Musta'li Isma'ilism into the rival Hafizi and Tayyibi branches. Life

Reign under al-Afdal's tutelage
The future al-Amir was born on 31 December 1096 to the ninth Fatimid imam-caliph, al-Musta'li ().In December 1101, his father died, and at the age of five he was proclaimed caliph by the all-powerful vizier, al-Afdal Shahanshah, who was the de facto ruler of the Fatimid state. Al-Afdal was al-Amir's maternal uncle, and further strengthened the familial ties with the young caliph by marrying him to his own daughter. A decree, dictated by al-Afdal, renewed his appointment as vizier with plenipotentiary powers and ensured his ascendancy over the child-caliph. The first twenty years of al-Amir's reign were thus dominated by al-Afdal, who controlled government and restricted al-Amir

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Ahkam Allah
al Hafiz li Din Allah


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 to a few ceremonial duties. During this period, the main preoccupation of the Fatimid state was the conflict with the Crusaders of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. This holy war also served as the main legitimization device for al-Afdal's rule and for the dynasty itself: as the historian Michael Brett writes, following the territorial losses and Nizari schism of the previous decade, that had weakened both the Fatimid state (the ) and the Fatimid Isma'ili mission (the ), the struggle against the Crusaders "had given the dynasty fresh purpose". Despite al-Afdal's continuous campaigns, however, most of Palestine was lost to the Crusaders, along with the coastal cities of Tartus (1102), Acre (1103), Tripoli (1109), and Sidon (1111).Egypt itself was briefly invaded by King Baldwin I of Jerusalem in 1117. The Fatimids largely fell back on the coastal city of Ascalon, which developed into a major fortress and outpost () of the holy war: for the next half-century it was to remain a centre for raids against the Crusader territories, and a guard of the route from Palestine into Egypt. Medieval Muslim historians often blame al-Amir for these disasters, but in reality he played no role in the Fatimid government during those years. Vizierate of al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi
Al-Afdal's tutelage ended with his assassination at the hands of Nizari agents in December 1121. Given his own resentment at the subordinate figurehead role in which al-Afdal had relegated him, al-Amir is often suspected of having been complicit in the act. While engaging in a public display of grief for his vizier and father-in-law's death, al-Amir moved quickly to imprison al-Afdal's sons and confiscate al-Afdal's enormous wealth, houses, and estates,


texts: while the moveable items were brought to his own palace. So great had been the treasure amassed by al-Afdal that it was considered to have been larger than that of any previous king; it took forty days to move it.As he had been left out of government and was unfamiliar with its intricacies, al-Amir selected al-Afdal's long-time chief of staff, al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi, as vizier. Al-Ma'mun was a capable administrator, but his position was much weaker vis-à-vis the caliph than his old master's: al-Amir resumed many of the old caliphal functions that al-Afdal had arrogated to himself, and he henceforth had a voice in government. As ruler, al-Amir is portrayed in the sources as "unusually intelligent and knowledgeable", and was said to have memorized the Quran. In the aftermath of the assassination of al-Afdal, the threat of the Nizaris, who were implacably hostile to the rule of al-Amir and his father, was a major concern of the government, in view of the widespread network of agents they had established. In December 1122 al-Amir convened a meeting of officials in Cairo in which the Nizari claims to the imamate were publicly denounced, and the legitimacy of the Musta'li claims affirmed. A proclamation to that effect, the , was issued on this occasion and has been preserved to the present day. Al-Amir also paid attention to court the remaining pro-Fatimid Musta'li communities abroad, especially in Yemen, where he sent rich gifts to the Sulayhid queen Arwa bint Ahmad in 1123.In the same year, the Zirid emir of Ifriqiya, Abu'l-Hasan al-Hasan ibn Ali, also sent envoys to Cairo to announce his return to recognizing Fatimid suzerainty, and sought Fatimid assistance in repelling a possible Norman invasion. In


texts:
 1123, the Luwata Berbers invaded Egypt and reached as far as Alexandria, before they were driven back by al-Ma'mun. The war against the Crusaders continued with the loss of Tyre in 1124. Personal rule
By 1125, al-Amir began to resent al-Ma'mun's attempts to restrict his authority, and in October 1125 had him, his brother, and his chief aides arrested. They were executed in 1128. Instead of appointing a new vizier, al-Amir now ruled in person, relying on the heads of the various administrative departments for governance. One of them, the Christian Abu Najah ibn Fanna, quickly rose to prominence due to his ability to provide the caliph with money through confiscations from Christians, Jews, and eventually Muslims as well.His ascendancy lasted for three years before he was denounced, arrested, and executed. Having ignored the matter for so long, al-Amir's own reputation was left tarnished from the affair, as well as from his extravagance and profligacy: it is said that the palace consumed 5,000 sheep per month, and the rich gifts he made to his favourites were remarked upon. In February/March 1130, al-Amir finally had a son, who was named al-Tayyib. His birth was celebrated with public festivals, and letters were sent abroad announcing his birth as the designated successor. Murder and aftermath
On 7 October 1130, al-Amir was assassinated by Nizari agents. He left only his six-month-old son, al-Tayyib, to succeed him, with no designated regent or serving vizier. Al-Amir's murder not only undid his attempts to once again concentrate power in the caliph's hands instead of over-mighty generals and ministers, but also, given the fragility of succession, endangered the very survival of the Fatimid


texts:
 dynasty.Al-Tayyib was quickly sidelined, and his fate is unknown; it is unclear whether he died in infancy or was killed. A new regime was installed under the regency of al-Amir's cousin, Abd al-Majid, which at first claimed to rule in the name of an unborn son by one of al-Amir's concubines. Within a fortnight, an army mutiny brought al-Afdal's last surviving son, Kutayfat, to power. Kutayfat abolished the Fatimid imamate and imprisoned Abd al-Majid, but was himself assassinated by Fatimid loyalists in December 1131. With no other heir available, Abd al-Majid took over as imam and caliph with the regnal name al-Hafiz li-<mask> in January 1132, proclaiming that he had secretly received the designation by al-Amir before he had died. Al-Hafiz' succession broke a continuous line of father-to-son succession of ten generations, something extremely rare in the Islamic world and much remarked upon by medieval authors. Al-Hafiz' accession thus represented an unprecedented departure from the accepted norm, and caused yet another schism in Isma'ilism, as the Musta'li sect was divided into those who accepted al-Hafiz' succession (the "Hafizis") and those who did not, upholding instead the imamate of the vanished al-Tayyib (the "Tayyibis").The former were mostly concentrated in the Fatimid-controlled territories in Egypt, Nubia, and the Levant, while the latter resided in the Yemen, where Queen Arwa took up a leading role in forming a separate Tayyibi daʿwa. See also
List of Ismaili imams
Lists of rulers of Egypt

Footnotes

References

Sources

1096 births
1130 deaths
12th-century Fatimid caliphs
Egyptian Ismailis
Musta'li imams
12th-century murdered monarchs
Muslims of the Crusades
Victims of the


texts:
<mask> (; born 14 July 1995) is a German professional footballer who plays as a winger for  club Bayern Munich and the Germany national team. <mask> started his career in England with Arsenal in the Premier League, making his professional debut in September 2012. He also had a brief spell on loan with West Bromwich Albion before moving back to Germany to join Werder Bremen in 2016. In 2017, he signed for Bayern Munich before being loaned to 1899 Hoffenheim for the 2017–18 season. In 2018–19, his first season with Bayern Munich, he won the Bundesliga title and was named their Player of the Season. The following season, <mask> scored 23 goals as Bayern sealed a continental treble consisting of the Bundesliga, DFB-Pokal and UEFA Champions League. After appearing for Germany at various youth levels, <mask> made his senior international debut in November 2016 in a 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification match against San Marino, scoring a hat-trick in an 8–0 win.He represented Germany at UEFA Euro 2020. Early life
<mask> was born in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg to an Ivorian father and a German mother. In his youth, <mask>'s former club VfB Stuttgart agreed to a £100,000 deal with Premier League club Arsenal in 2010, but he had to wait until 2011, when he was 16, to join. <mask> officially joined Arsenal for the 2011–12 season. He played for the under-18s for the majority of the season but was then promoted to the reserves after impressive displays. By the end of the season, <mask> had played six games, scoring two goals.2012–15: Development and limited gametime

The 2012–13 season started off well for Gnabry after he was called up to the Arsenal first team for a pre-season friendly against FC Köln. He played 24 minutes after coming on at half-time and was replaced by Marouane Chamakh in the 69th minute. He then made his professional first-team debut for Arsenal on 26 September 2012 against Coventry City in

masks:
Serge David Gnabry
Gnabry
Gnabry
Gnabry
Gnabry
Gnabryry
Gnabry
Gnabry


texts: the League Cup as a 72nd-minute substitute for Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain as Arsenal routed Coventry 6–1. On 20 October 2012, he made his Premier League debut in the 1–0 defeat against Norwich City at Carrow Road. At 17 years and 98 days, he became Arsenal's second-youngest player in the league's history after Jack Wilshere. Four days later, he made his UEFA Champions League debut, coming on as a substitute in Arsenal's 2–0 home loss to Schalke 04. On 25 March 2013, <mask> scored the only goal in a 1–0 win over  CSKA Moscow U19s in the quarter-finals of the NextGen Series.He scored a late equaliser against Chelsea U19s to make it 3–3 in the semi-finals of the same competition, before Arsenal lost 4–3 in extra time. In the following game on 8 April, <mask> scored a goal against Liverpool U21s in an eventual 3–2 away defeat. In the first game of the 2013–14 season, <mask> was included in Arsenal's first-team squad against Aston Villa and started the game on the bench. He then made his first start for the club on 22 September 2013 in the Premier League against Stoke City after Theo Walcott was ruled out just before kick-off. He played 73 minutes before being subbed out for Ryo Miyaichi as Arsenal won the match 3–1. He scored his first professional goal in the next league match against Swansea City to lead Arsenal to a 2–1 victory and leave them top of the Premier League table. On 26 October, he won a penalty away at Crystal Palace in an eventual 2–0 victory for Arsenal.<mask>'s impressive start to the season resulted in a nomination for the 2013 Golden Boy Award, and a new five-year contract with Arsenal. <mask> went on to make 14 appearances in the 2013–14 season, including impressive performances in the FA Cup against Tottenham Hotspur and Coventry, with Gnabry helping Arsenal go on to win the tournament that year, featuring on the bench in the next two games against Liverpool and Everton. Following

masks: Gnabry Gnabry Gnabry Gnabry Gnabry


texts:
 his breakout season, <mask> missed most of the 2014–15 season due to a serious knee injury which kept him away from the first team for over a year. However, he captained and played 65 minutes for the Arsenal U21s as they beat Newcastle United U21s 2–1 in February 2015. Loan to West Bromwich Albion
On 7 August 2015, <mask> joined West Bromwich Albion on a season-long loan to gain first-team experience. He made his debut as a substitute in a 3–2 defeat to Chelsea on 23 August 2015. However, he did not make any further league appearances, with manager Tony Pulis stating in October that <mask> was "not at the required level" to play for West Brom.In January, he was recalled from his loan after lacking first-team action at West Brom. He finished the 2015–16 season with a Premier League appearance and two League Cup appearances. Werder Bremen
On 31 August 2016, <mask> signed for Bundesliga club Werder Bremen for a reported transfer fee of £5 million. Arsenal manager Arsène Wenger had wanted to extend <mask>'s contract at Arsenal before his move, but a lack of first-team opportunities meant that the midfielder sought a move elsewhere. He scored his first goal for Werder Bremen on 17 September 2016 in a 4–1 away loss to Borussia Mönchengladbach. In his single season at the club, he made 27 league appearances scoring 11 goals while Werder Bremen finished 8th in the Bundesliga. Bayern Munich

Loan to 1899 Hoffenheim
On 11 June 2017, Bayern Munich announced the signing of <mask> on a three-year deal for €8 million after activating a clause in his contract with Werder Bremen.On 14 June 2017, Bayern Munich announced that <mask> was moving to 1899 Hoffenheim on a season-long loan. <mask> had wished for the move to gain more experience. He scored his first and second league goal in the 4–0 victory over RB Leipzig. He scored 10 goals in his 22 appearances in the season helping Hoffenheim to finish third in the

masks:
Gnabry
Gnabry
Gnabry
Gnabry
Gnabry
Gnabry
Serge Gnabry
Gnabry


texts:
 league table and secured a Champions League spot for the next season. He finished the 2017–18 season with 10 goals in 26 appearances. He also made an appearance in the Regionalliga Südwest for the reserve team. 2018–20: Breakthrough and silverware

On 2 July 2018, <mask> was presented as a Bayern Munich player.<mask> was assigned the jersey number 22. On 1 September, <mask> made his Bundesliga debut for Bayern Munich in a 3–0 win at Stuttgart when he came on as a substitute in the 77th minute. On 3 November 2018, <mask> scored his first Bundesliga goal for Bayern Munich in a 1–1 draw against Freiburg. On 1 December 2018, <mask> scored two goals in a 2–1 win against his former club Werder Bremen. On 2 March 2019, <mask> scored Bayern Munich's 4000th Bundesliga goal during a 5–1 win over Gladbach, helping the club become the first team to achieve the milestone. On 5 March 2019, he signed a new contract with Bayern Munich until 2023, and finished the Bundesliga season as Bayern's second top scorer with 10 goals in 30 matches. He won his first Bundesliga title as Bayern finished two points above Dortmund with 78 points.On 1 October 2019, <mask> scored four goals in the 2019–20 UEFA Champions League 7–2 away win against Tottenham Hotspur. On 25 February 2020, he scored a brace against Chelsea in the first leg of the Champions League round of 16 in a 3–0 away win. This made him the first player to score six away goals in London in a single edition of the Champions League. On 14 August, he scored one goal in an 8–2 win against Barcelona in the quarter-finals. On 19 August, he scored a brace in a 3–0 win over Lyon in the semi-finals; hence, he has scored nine goals in nine matches in the competition. Bayern won 1–0 over Paris Saint-Germain in the final, to be his first Champions League title along with his teammate Joshua Kimmich, another VfB Stuttgart academy product. 2020–21 season
<mask> started the

masks: Gnabry Gnabry Gnabry Gnabry Gnabry Gnabry Gnabry Gnabry


texts:
 2020–21 season by acquiring the No.7 shirt, after Franck Ribéry who had worn it for eleven years left. In the first match of the season, <mask> scored a hat-trick in an 8–0 win over Schalke, to be his first ever Bundesliga hat-trick. International career

Youth teams
<mask> represented Germany at various youth levels, including under-16, under-17 and under-18 levels. In 2017, he was part of the U21 team which won the European Under-21 Championship. 2016 Summer Olympics

On 15 July 2016, Germany selected <mask> to participate in the 2016 Summer Olympics. On 4 August, he started for Germany against Mexico and scored Germany's first goal after 58 minutes in a 2–2 draw with Mexico. Three days later, he tripled his tally by putting two past South Korea, the second being a stoppage time free kick that helped Germany salvage a point in a 3–3 draw.On 10 August, <mask> contributed two more goals in a 10–0 defeat of Fiji. In Germany's quarter-final match against Portugal, he scored his sixth goal of the tournament just before half-time as Germany prevailed with a 4–0 win. He ended the tournament as the joint top scorer along with his teammate Nils Petersen, helping Germany to win the silver medal. Senior team
On 4 November 2016, <mask> received his first call-up to the German senior team. Seven days later, he scored three goals on his debut in a 2018 World Cup qualifier against San Marino in an 8–0 away win. On 9 October 2019, during a 2–2 friendly international draw with Argentina, <mask> became the fastest player to reach 10 goals for the nation, doing so in his 11th appearance and beating Miroslav Klose's record by 2 games. On 19 November 2019, he scored three goals in the 6–1 victory against Northern Ireland.It was his second hat-trick in his international career. On 19 May 2021, he was selected to the squad for the UEFA Euro 2020. Style of play
<mask>, who could not join Bayern's academy since it was a

masks: Gnabry Gnabry Gnabry Gnabry Gnabry Gnabry Gnabry


texts: two-hour drive from his home in Stuttgart, went to Arsenal when he was only 15. He later battled for fitness and first-team minutes, so he was loaned out to West Bromwich where manager Tony Pulis mentioned that he was not ready for top-flight football, and was not good enough to play at the Hawthorns. Pulis later commented on him after his good performances with Bayern: "I'm amazed. We had him at West Brom, we took him on loan and we could never get him fit. He even got taken off in an Under-21 game and he went back to Arsenal and they sold him on ... To have him at West Brom and seeing him do what he's done is absolutely amazing."Afterwards, <mask> decided to return to Germany to put his career back on track, where Rio Ferdinand mentioned:  His Arsenal manager Arsène Wenger commented:  Meanwhile, his former Arsenal teammate Lukas Podolski said: "He was unlucky and had a few injuries. He did well in training". Gnabry's Werder Bremen coach Alexander Nouri mentioned: "He was suffering a lot of injuries, so he couldn't consistently work on his physical strength. He wanted to come back as fast as possible". In the meantime, <mask> improved his ability to score in both feet, where Nouri added: "I remember he often practiced finishing with his left foot after team sessions, he took a lot of balls and was working on his weaker foot – now he's scoring a lot of goals with it". He also became more involved in defensive duties, as Nouri said: "He is lightning quick, a clinical finisher, but he puts a lot of work now into his defense – that was something he was missing before," then he added, "Now he's making these deep runs back to his own box defending. He's capable of doing this work while on the other hand making deep runs in attack.Before he wasn't able to do it because of a lack of strength physically. After a long period with no injuries, he was able to build up that strength – now he's a complete

masks: Gnabry Gnabry


texts:
 player. He just needs to prove this over a longer period to become a top international star." <mask>'s trademark "cooking" celebration was inspired by NBA star James Harden; <mask> explained it by saying: "There's a video on YouTube where he's cooking after dropping, I think, a buzzer-beater and won the game. So he was cooking, stirring it up, and that's the celebration." Career statistics

Club

International

As of match played 11 October 2021. Scores and results list Germany's goal tally first.Honours
Arsenal
FA Cup: 2013–14, 2014–15

Bayern Munich
Bundesliga: 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21
DFB-Pokal: 2018–19, 2019–20
DFL-Supercup: 2020, 2021
UEFA Champions League: 2019–20
UEFA Super Cup: 2020
FIFA Club World Cup: 2020
Germany Olympic
Summer Olympic Games silver medal: 2016

Germany U21
UEFA European Under-21 Championship: 2017
Individual
Bayern Munich Player of the Season: 2018–19
Bundesliga Player of the Month: October 2019
Bundesliga Team of the Season: 2019–20
UEFA Champions League Squad of the Season: 2019–20

References

External links

<mask> at kicker.de

1995 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Stuttgart
Footballers from Baden-Württemberg
German footballers
Germany youth international footballers
Germany under-21 international footballers
Germany international footballers
Association football wingers
Arsenal F.C. players
West Bromwich Albion F.C. players
SV Werder Bremen players
FC Bayern Munich footballers
TSG 1899 Hoffenheim players
TSG 1899 Hoffenheim II players
Premier League players
Bundesliga players
Regionalliga players
UEFA Champions League winning players
UEFA Euro 2020 players
Olympic footballers of Germany
Footballers at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for Germany
Olympic medalists in football
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
German expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in England
German expatriate sportspeople in England
German people of

masks:
Gnabry
Gnabry
Serge Gnabry


texts:
<mask><mask> (born <mask>; April 29, 1929 – October 16, 2016) was an American independent filmmaker primarily of the horror cult film genre. Movies that he both produced and directed include Girl in Gold Boots (1968), The Astro-Zombies (1968), and The Doll Squad (1973). During the 1960s and 1970s, <mask> also operated his own recording label, Geneni Records, which primarily issued radio spot advertisement records used to promote his various movie projects but also released a number of stand-alone singles by such artists as <mask> and Little Leon Payne. Life and career
<mask> was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota, on April 29, 1929; his father was a Croatian immigrant who worked as a meat cutter, and his mother was an herbalist who emigrated from Romania. When <mask> was in third grade the family moved to Portland, Oregon, where his father took up farming. In Oregon, his father changed their surname from Mikacevich to <mask>. During his grade school years, he was an amateur photographer who developed his own film in his bathtub.While in 8th grade, he was awarded his first acting role in a film that was to star William Powell, but World War II forced the cancellation of the production. By the age of 15, he was a regular stage performer and developed an interest in film-making when he attempted to shoot his performances. In 2008, he said, "I figured out that you have to move the camera around to get different angles, and then you have to edit the film when you're done." In the 1950s, <mask> moved to Bend, Oregon, joined the Bend Community Players little theater group, and founded his own film

masks:
Ted V
. Mikels
Theodore Vincent Mikacevich
Mikels
Vic Lance
Mikels
Mikels
Mikels
Mikels


texts: production company. Soon, he began producing both educational documentaries, and short dramatic features. Additionally, as horseman, archery expert, Indian and stuntman, he contributed to the production of several Hollywood films made in Central Oregon. Notably, during on location filming of The Indian Fighter, he taught studio special effects crews a technique for making flaming arrows appear authentic.Before leaving Oregon in the early 1960s, <mask> wrote and directed his first feature-length film in 1963, entitled Strike Me Deadly. Throughout the 1960s through 1980s, <mask> lived in Glendale, California out of a house he decorated as a castle. He became as well known for his hard-partying lifestyle as he did for his low budget exploitation films he'd produce and direct. He opened his first studio office with the help of actor John Houseman, and helped on many big budget Hollywood films but directing directly for a major studio constantly eluded him. Increasingly he'd shoot more of his films in the substantially cheaper Las Vegas, Nevada area and eventually moved there in the early 1990s. In 1993, <mask> began running TVM Studios, a film and video production studio based in Las Vegas. On August 28, 2005, he was presented with a Certificate of Recognition by Nevada Lieutenant Governor Lorraine T. Hunt on the day of screening of his then-latest film, Heart of a Boy, which was the only G-rated film of his career.The certificate was awarded to <mask> for his contributions to the filmmaking industry. In 2010, <mask> released the third installment in his Astro-Zombies franchise, Astro-Zombies

masks: Mikels Mikels Mikels Mikels Mikels


texts:
 M3: Cloned, followed two years later by Astro-Zombies M4: Invaders from Cyberspace. Both were produced by TVM Global Entertainment in association with Blue Heron International Pictures, and distributed by Alpha New Cinema. <mask> died on October 16, 2016, at the age of 87 from complications of colon cancer. DVD releases
In 2007, Alpha Video released 10 of <mask>' films on DVD under the Alpha New Cinema imprint. Six of these titles included 10 Violent Women, The Doll Squad, The Corpse Grinders, The Corpse Grinders II, Girl in Gold Boots and Blood Orgy of the She-Devils, all of which Alpha later released as a six-DVD set titled Ted V. Mikels Signature Collection, which was autographed by <mask>. Filmography
The Indian Fighter (1955) - stunts
Oregon Passage (1957) - stunts
Tonka (1958) - stunts
Strike Me Deadly (1963) - writer, producer, director
Dr.Sex (1964) - writer, producer, director
Genesis (1964) - cinematographer, editor
Orgy of the Dead (1965) - uncredited assistant director
Day of the Nightmare (1965) - cinematographer
One Shocking Moment (1965) - writer, producer, director
Agent for H.A.R.M. Directed by Kevin Sean Michaels. Narrated by John Waters. Alpha Video (2010). References

External links
Official website

Documentary "The Wild World of <mask>. <mask>" official site
<mask>. Mikels Interview at Love & Pop

1929 births
2016 deaths
People from Saint Paul, Minnesota
People from Glendale, California
Film directors from California
American people of Croatian descent
American people of Romanian descent
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Deaths from cancer in Nevada
Film directors from

masks:
Mikels
Mikels
Mikels
Ted V
Mikels
Ted V


texts:
<mask><mask> (born October 1, 1991) is an American chess grandmaster. He won the U.S. Chess Championship in 2018. Shankland was California State Champion in 2008, 2009, 2011 and 2012, and Champion of State Champions in 2009. He won bronze at the 2008 World U18 Championship, and was US Junior Champion in 2010. He earned his international master title in 2008 and his grandmaster title in 2011. Shankland surpassed a FIDE rating of 2600 in 2012, and entered the world's top 100 players in 2014.As a member of the United States team, he won the gold medal for the best individual performance on the reserve board at the 41st Chess Olympiad. He also was part of the team at the 42nd Chess Olympiad, where the United States won team gold for the first time in forty years. In 2018, he won the U.S. Chess Championship, simultaneously breaching the 2700 barrier for the first time in his career. Early and personal life
Shankland was born in Berkeley, California, to Leslie and Jim Shankland. He lived there until he was four, when his brother was born and the family moved to Orinda. His father taught him how to play chess at the age of 6, but he did not give the game much attention until he joined the chess club at Glorietta Elementary School in fourth grade.He quickly surpassed the level of chess at Glorietta, and began playing in tournaments by the age of 11. In 2014 he graduated from Brandeis University with a BS in Economics. In 2016, he competed on the first season of FOX's reality game show Kicking & Screaming, finishing in eighth place with his survivalist partner Caleb Garmany. Chess career

2008
Shankland began his rise to prominence in 2008, winning the Pacific Coast Open and the California State Championship. He made his international debut at the World Youth Chess Championship under-18

masks:
Samuel L
. Shankland


texts:
 section, where he tied for first place with Ivan Saric and Nguyen Ngoc Truong Son, taking home the bronze medal on tiebreak score and earning the title of International Master. 2010
After losing his first two games in the 2010 US Junior Championship, Shankland won six out of the last seven rounds to tie for first place, and went on to clinch sole first with two back to back Armageddon victories over Ray Robson and Parker Zhao. This result qualified him for the 2011 U.S.Chess Championship. 2011
In January 2011, Shankland earned the title of Grandmaster at the Berkeley International. He finished third in the 2011 U.S. Chess Championship, after first defeating Alexander Onischuk in a playoff game, and then Robert Hess in an Armageddon match. This result qualified him for the 2011 FIDE World Cup. In the 2011 World Cup, Shankland defeated Hungarian super-grandmaster Peter Leko in the first round, but lost to Abhijeet Gupta in the second. Shankland's victory over Leko in the first round was the biggest upset of the tournament.2012
Shankland won the Northern California International ahead of strong GMs Georg Meier, Alejandro Ramirez, Yury Shulman, and Bartlomiej Macieja. 2013
In 2013, Shankland made his debut for the US national team at the Pan American Team Chess Championship in Campinas, Brazil, leading them to victory with a performance rating over 2800. Shankland was selected as the 27th <mask>ford Fellow. The Samford is a fellowship given once a year to a promising young American player, providing the funds necessary for the recipient to devote him or herself to chess without being restrained by financial concerns. Shankland clinched first place at the ZMDI Open in Dresden, Germany, edging out on tiebreak score Mikhailo Oleksienko and Georg Meier. 2014
At the 41st Chess Olympiad


texts:
 in Tromsø, Norway, Shankland took home gold for his performance as a reserve player. Going undefeated, he scored 9 points out of 10 games, giving him a performance rating of 2829 for this tournament.In round 8, Shankland defeated legendary GM Judit Polgar in her last professional game. Polgar announced her retirement from chess at the end of the event. Shankland shared first place at the American Continental Championship, qualifying him for the 2015 World Cup. On December 14, 2014, Shankland broke into the top 100 chess players worldwide. 2015
Following his gold medal in Tromsø, Shankland was promoted to first board of team USA for the World Team Chess Championship, where he played with a performance rating over 2700 and drew against elite players Levon Aronian, Alexander Grischuk, and Boris Gelfand, all of whom were in the top fifteen players worldwide at the time. Shankland took third place in the Tata Steel Challengers group, with a score of 9.0/13 and a performance rating of 2695. Shankland competed in the 2015 Chess World Cup, where he defeated GM Ivan Popov in the first round, but lost in a tiebreak in the second round to GM Hikaru Nakamura.2016
In March 2016, Shankland took first place in the Fagernes International. In June, 2016, he won the Edmonton International. In August, 2016, Shankland won the Biel Masters. In September, 2016, Shankland played as fourth board for the United States at the 42nd Chess Olympiad, where the team earned gold for the first time since 1976. In September 2016, he was ranked 57th in the world with an Elo rating of 2679. 2017
In December 2017, Shankland was runner-up at Sunway Sitges International Chess Festival, in Sitges (Barcelona, Spain), with a score of 6.0/9 (half a point behind GM Aravinth  ), after defeating GM Salem Saleh in a blitz


texts:
 chess play-off for the second place. He played the regular tournament with a performance rating of 2713.2018
In April, Shankland took clear first in the US Chess Championship with a score of 8½/11 (+6–0=5). He finished half a point, two points, and three points ahead of Fabiano Caruana, Wesley So, and Hikaru Nakamura, respectively. He took home $50,000 in prize money, and increased his rating to 2701 in the process, breaching the 2700 barrier for the first time in his career and becoming the seventh American to reach the super-grandmaster level. In May, he won the Capablanca Memorial, scoring 7½/10 (+5–0=5) for a performance rating of 2831. This result vaulted him further up the world rankings, putting him at No. 30 with a live rating of 2717. In June, he won the American Continental Chess Championship, finishing clear first with 9/11 (+7–0=4).2019
In January, Shankland finished with 6.5/13 at the Tata Steel Masters, sharing 7th place in what has been called the strongest tournament in the world. He drew his first ever game with World Champion Magnus Carlsen, and he defeated former World Champion Vladimir Kramnik in the final round (Kramnik's final classical game before retiring). Shankland reached a peak rating of 2731 and #22 in the World. 2021
In June, Shankland won the Prague Masters with 5.5/7 and a performance rating over 2900, the best result in the tournament's history. Shankland reached the quarterfinals of the 2021 FIDE World Cup, earning a spot in the 2022 FIDE Grand Prix. In the quarterfinals he lost on tiebreaks to GM Sergey Karjakin, 4-2. Books

References

External links

1991 births
Living people
American chess players
Chess grandmasters
Chess Olympiad competitors
Sportspeople from Berkeley, California
Participants in American reality television


texts:
<mask> (December 2, 1896 – August 19, 1985) was an American radio evangelist, self-proclaimed medical doctor and Methodist minister best known for founding the Zzyzx Mineral Springs resort located within Southern California's Mojave Desert. He was also the host of well-known evangelical syndicated radio programs that were broadcast throughout the United States for several decades. <mask> was in actuality neither a doctor nor a minister, and he described himself as the "last of the old-time medicine men." In 1969, the American Medical Association labeled him the "King of Quacks". In the early 1970s, the federal government discovered that <mask> held no legal rights to the land where Zzyzx stood; consequently, he was evicted from the space and briefly imprisoned. Biography

Personal life
<mask> was born December 2, 1896, and hailed from Birmingham, Alabama. He was married to Mary Louise Berkebile.They separated at some point, and he married a woman named Helen. <mask> had several children, including a daughter, Marilou, and a son, <mask>., who later became a judge in Montgomery, Alabama. Early career

He claimed to have been a private in the United States Army, where he taught boxing. In <mask>'s early life, he "drummed up crowds for William Jennings Bryan's tirades against demon rum" and was a sheet music vendor at Billy Sunday's evangelical services. Following World War I, <mask> worked at a school in Florida. In the late 1920s, <mask> moved to Chicago, where he became involved with an automotive technical school called Greer College. <mask> was fired by 1930, and the school was forced into bankruptcy shortly afterward.Throughout the 1930s, <mask> gave

masks:
Curtis Howe Springer
Springer
Springer
Curtis Howe Springer
Springer
Curtis Jr
Springer
Springer
Springer
Springer
Curtis Springer


texts:
 lectures throughout the midwestern United States, claiming to either to be the "Dean of Greer College", or that he represented/attended the fictional institutions of the National Academy, The Springer School of Humanism, the American College of Doctors and Surgeons, the Westlake West Virginia College, and two non-existent osteopathy schools in Meyersdale, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Although all his lectures were "free", <mask> would ask for donations part-way through his speech, and often attempt to sell audience members private courses in psychoanalysis for $25 per session. In advertisements for his appearances, he would often follow his name with M.D., N.D., D.O. or Ph.D.

Chicago was largely <mask>'s home base until the summer of 1934. After he applied for airtime on WGN radio, the station contacted American Medical Association's Bureau of Investigations for information regarding <mask>. The AMA and Better Business Bureau quickly began to take note of his completely falsified education record. Before long, <mask> had been labeled as a notorious fraud and doctor-impersonator by the medical community.An extensive article in the September 14, 1936 edition of Journal of the American Medical Association titled "<mask> <mask>: A Quack and His Nostrums" detailed his exploits and lack of education. The book concluded that "a most thorough search fails to show that <mask> was ever graduated by any reputable college or university, medical or otherwise." Radio career
Although denied airtime on WGN, he was successful in obtaining a twice-daily slot as a radio evangelist on Chicago's WCFL. He began broadcasting on the station in 1934. His programs were often an

masks:
Springer
Springer
Springer
Springer
Curtis Howe
Springer
Springer


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 outlet for his support of Franklin Roosevelt and The New Deal. In addition, he would often use the radio show to sell his "medicines", including the antacid Re-Hib (confirmed by the American Medical Association to be mostly baking soda) and Antediluvian Tea ("a crude mixture of laxative herbs"). Around 1935, <mask> left Chicago and began preaching on KDKA in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.Health spas and Zzyzx
<mask>'s wife Mary encouraged him to try to launch a health spa and in 1931, he launched a resort called Haven of Rest in Fort Hill, Pennsylvania. Only six years after it first opened, he lost Haven of Rest due to non-payment of taxes. He attempted to set up other resorts and gatherings in Wilkes-Barre, Johnstown, and Mount Davis in Pennsylvania; Cumberland, Maryland; and Davenport, Iowa. In 1944, <mask> and his new fiancée Helen filed a mining claim on federal land to 12,800 acres (51.8 km2) in California's Mojave Desert, claiming a tract about 8 miles (13 km) long and 3 miles (4.8 km) wide. The land contained the remains of an 1860 Army post and a railroad station on the defunct Tonopah and Tidewater Railroad. He named the settlement Zzyzx as a gimmick to ensure that it would be "the last word" in health. Zzyzx's original encampment consisted of 20 tents, and he recruited homeless men from Los Angeles' Skid Row to build simple concrete buildings.<mask> created an imitation hot springs – which he attempted to pass off as genuine – by using a boiler to heat several pools. In time, <mask> erected a sixty-room hotel, a church, a cross-shaped health spa with mineral baths, a radio broadcast studio, a private airstrip dubbed "Zyport" and several other

masks: Springer Springer Springer Springer Springer


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 buildings which included a castle. The "Boulevard of Dreams" was a divided parkway leading to an oasis on Lake Tuendae, later identified as the habitat of the endangered Mohave chub. While building his retreat, he spent half the week in Los Angeles, still recording his radio program, and rounding up workers to build his new resort by offering room and board at Zzyzx in exchange for labor. From Zzyzx, <mask> continued his syndicated radio program, at one point carried by 221 stations in the United States and 102 more abroad, mixing religious music and his own radio evangelism. Along with this came his requests that listeners send him "donations" to get his special cures for everything from hair loss to cancer. The potions were actually little more than a blend of celery, carrot and parsley juices.The Zzyzx Springs experience itself included goat milk; allegedly life-prolonging "Antedeluvian Tea"; a $25, self-administered hemorrhoid cure; more solicitations for "donations"; and a twice-daily sermon over the loudspeakers. Legal challenges and imprisonment
By the late 1960s, <mask> had begun marking off lots on the land and allowing "donors" of large sums of money to his ministry to build homes on the lots. This caught the attention of federal officials. While <mask> had posted mining claims in the area, under the General Mining Law of 1872, it was still public land until such time that he validated the claims for patent by proving to federal government geologists that the claim contained minerals that could be extracted at a profit. The federal government took <mask> to court claiming he was squatting on federal land. In 1974, he was found guilty of the

masks: Springer Springer Springer Springer


texts:
 charge. He offered to pay $34,187 in back rent on the land to the Bureau of Land Management, but the government refused the payment and evicted him and his few hundred local followers.<mask> was also convicted for making false claims that the health foods he sold would cure everything "from sore toes to cancer." He was represented in court by criminal attorney Gladys Towles Root. In the trial, <mask> was convicted of false advertising. He filed several appeals on this conviction, and two years later ended up serving 49 days of a 60-day sentence. Following the eviction, in 1976, the Bureau of Land Management allowed the California State University to manage the facilities and land in and around Zzyzx. A consortium of colleges combined funds and resources to convert the former resort into a research station called the Desert Studies Center; schools contributing to the center included California State Universities at Dominguez Hills, Fullerton, Los Angeles, Long Beach, Pomona and Northridge. After his release from prison, <mask> and his wife relocated to Las Vegas, Nevada, where he spent the remainder of his life.Death
<mask> died in Las Vegas on August 19, 1985, at the age of 88. He was buried in the Riverside National Cemetery in Riverside, California. Two publications, the journal Word Ways and the book Weird California, have incorrectly reported <mask>'s year of death as 1986. See also
 Quackery
 Squatting
 Zzyzx, California

References

1896 births
1985 deaths
American radio personalities
American people convicted of fraud
Burials at Riverside National Cemetery
People from San Bernardino County, California
Religious broadcasting in the United

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Springer
Springer
Springer
Curtis Springer
Springer


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<mask> (born 9 December 1994) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for League One club Charlton Athletic. Career

Colchester United
Born in Dagenham, London, <mask> grew up in Colchester, Essex, where he attended the Gilberd School. As a youth, he played for Frinton & Walton Youth, before joining and progressing through the Academy at Colchester United, where he was youth team captain. He embarked on his two-year scholarship with the club in 2011 and signed his first professional contract only one year into his scholarship, penning a -year deal in February 2012. <mask> received his first taste of first-team action during the 2011–12 campaign pre-season. He scored in a friendly against Woodbridge Town on 20 July 2011, opening the scoring in a 4–1 victory. Seven days later, <mask> grabbed four goals as a youthful U's thrashed Whitton United 6–2.He played for the under-18s alongside featuring in the club's Essex Senior Cup squads, scoring in their 3–1 fourth round win against cup-holders Billericay Town on 9 November. 2012–13 season
Following another pre-season mixing with the senior squad, <mask> made his professional debut on 9 October 2012 in a Football League Trophy match at Northampton Town, where he came on as a half-time substitute for Marcus Bean. The game ended in a 2–1 loss for Colchester, with <mask> giving away a penalty from which Northampton scored. He had to wait until 8 December for his next taste of first-team football when he came on as a substitute in a 2–0 home defeat to Oldham Athletic. He replaced Andy Bond after 70 minutes to make his Football League debut. He missed Colchester's next fixture against Bournemouth with an ankle injury, adding to manager Joe Dunne's injury woes, but returned to make his first senior start in Colchester's clash with Brentford on Boxing Day. The U's lost the encounter 3–1, but Dunne praised the efforts of his youthful starting eleven, although

masks:
Alexander Scott Gilbey
Gilbey
Gilbey
Gilbey
Gilbey
Gilbey


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 <mask> was taken off after only 13 minutes in a tactical substitution following defender Josh Thompson's dismissal early in the game.He made his final appearance of the 2012–13 season for the club in Colchester's 2–1 home defeat to Scunthorpe United on 12 January 2013, playing the full 90 minutes. Newport County (loan)
Having not featured for the Colchester first-team since mid-January, <mask> joined Conference Premier side Newport County on 27 March 2013 on loan until the end of the season 2012–13 season to aid their promotion push. He was named in the squad that travelled to Gateshead on 28 March, but was an unused substitute. He made his debut in County's next fixture on 30 March, another 0–0 draw, on this occasion at home to Dartford, where <mask> was replaced by Christian Jolley after 57 minutes. In the wake of his debut, <mask> featured in a further four of Newport's seven remaining fixtures of the season, which included a late appearance from the bench at home to Braintree Town on 9 April, a 1–0 win which secured the club a play-off place; a start in County's 4–1 home victory against Macclesfield Town on 11 April; a further start on 13 April in a 2–0 win over Alfreton Town; and an appearance in a disappointing 3–0 away defeat to Grimsby Town on 20 April, a result which meant that the two sides would face each other in the play-off semi-finals. In the play-off semi-finals, <mask> helped his side to 1–0 wins in the first and second legs, setting up an all-Welsh final clash with Wrexham. <mask> provided the pass for Christian Jolley's goal during the second leg fixture.<mask> was named man of the match for his performance in the second leg, and described the opportunity to play at Wembley as "a dream come true". On 5 May 2013, <mask> was a member of the starting eleven as Newport took on Wrexham at Wembley. He played for the full 90 minutes as County defeated their counterparts 2–0 to return to the Football League

masks: Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey


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 after a 25-year absence with promotion to League Two. <mask> completed his loan spell with a play-off winners medal and eight appearances to his name as he returned to his parent club. 2013–14 season
Following his successful loan spell with Newport, <mask> returned to the first-team picture with Colchester for the 2013–14 season and was involved in the U's opening game 1–0 win over Gillingham on 3 August 2013, replacing Marcus Bean after 74 minutes. He made his first start of the campaign in the following game, a 5–1 League Cup thrashing by Peterborough United on 6 August. <mask> was replaced by Sanchez Watt on 65 minutes when the U's were 2–1 down.He was utilised as a substitute in his next three games, a 1–0 win at home to Port Vale, a 1–1 home draw with Carlisle United and a 2–1 home loss to Leyton Orient. He then made only his second start of the season in the Football League Trophy clash with Dagenham & Redbridge on 3 September, a 4–1 defeat for Colchester. After this point, <mask> began to cement his name in Joe Dunne's starting eleven, starting five days later in midfield for an injury ravaged U's side for a trip to Coventry City. United lost the match 2–0, but it gave Dunne plenty of positives to take away, where fellow youth product Tosin Olufemi featured and Mason Spence experienced his first taste of league football. Having tied down teammates Tosin Olufemi and Drey Wright to long-term contracts, Colchester looked to do the same with <mask>, offering him an extension to his deal which was due to expire in the summer of 2014. However, <mask> rejected the initial offer, reportedly alerting a number of Championship clubs to the situation following his impressive start to the season and his successful stint with Newport. Despite this, <mask> started in Colchester's next game, a 2–2 draw with Bradford City on 14 September.Manager Dunne urged <mask> to reconsider the offer of the ability-based contract, the same


texts:
 offer that had been accepted by his teammates Olufemi and Wright, in which pay is increased after every ten games played for the club. <mask> then quelled the speculation by pointing out that he wished to stay with Colchester and that he was happy working under Dunne, having featured in the starting eleven for a number of matches in the early stages of the 2013–14 season. Having become a regular for the U's and making 37 senior appearances, <mask> penned a -year contract extension on 16 January 2014, tying him to the club until summer 2016. He revealed that boss Joe Dunne was a major influence in his decision to sign the contract, and that Dunne's belief in him was proven by his regular role in the first-team picture. Despite signing the contract, <mask> did not start a match for Colchester between December and March, when he made a pivotal return to the starting eleven for a 1–0 victory against Shrewsbury Town, providing the assist for Jabo Ibehre's match-winning goal. Shortly afterward, <mask> scored his first professional goal in Colchester's 4–2 defeat to Wolverhampton Wanderers at Molineux on 25 March, finding the back of the net with a header to reduce the U's deficit to 3–1 after 58 minutes. <mask> ended the season with 39 appearances across all competitions in addition to his goal against Wolves.As a result, <mask> was awarded with the Colchester United "Young Player of the Year" accolade at the club's annual end of season awards dinner in May 2014. 2014–15 season
Prior to the 2014–15 season kicking-off, <mask> was mooted as a replacement captain for the outgoing Brian Wilson in July 2014. Before the announcement was made however, <mask> suffered a shin injury during Colchester's 3–0 friendly defeat to Ipswich Town, being forced off at half-time. He quickly returned from injury as the U's suffered a 2–0 defeat to Bishop's Stortford on 31 July. <mask> started Colchester's first match of the season in the centre

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 of midfield for their home clash with Oldham Athletic on 9 August, playing for the duration of the match as the U's were held to a 2–2 draw. On hearing the news of Joe Dunne's departure as manager of Colchester United following a disappointing beginning to the campaign, <mask> said that he was left "devastated" by Dunne's exit, but said that he "couldn't have wished for a better appointment" following Academy manager Tony Humes' promotion to first-team manager. <mask> described Dunne, the person who handed him his professional debut, as "a big influence on me both on and off the pitch".On 16 September, <mask> contributed to Colchester's downfall in their 3–2 loss to Sheffield United at the Colchester Community Stadium when he conceded a penalty in the 88th minute while the score was 2–2. The U's had already relinquished a two-goal cushion just five minutes earlier, and the unlucky <mask> had clattered the post with a powerful shot in the fifth minute. He scored his second Colchester goal and his first of the season with a 25-yard shot to level scores at 2–2 in the U's eventual 4–2 defeat to Preston North End on 4 October. He then added to his tally on 9 November in Colchester's 6–3 FA Cup first round win over Gosport Borough. <mask> finished with a deflected shot following a fine solo run from his own half to give the U's a 4–1 advantage going into the break. 2015–16 season
Ahead of the 2015–16 season, <mask> was named as vice-captain to Chris Porter on 21 July 2015. In his first appearance of the season, <mask> scored an equalising volleyed goal to level the score at 1–1 in an eventual 2–2 draw with Blackpool on 8 August.He made his 100th appearance for Colchester United on 12 December, captaining the side until Porter's introduction as a second-half substitute during their 3–2 defeat to Barnsley at the Community Stadium. He scored his second goal of the season on 19 January 2016 in Colchester's 1–1 home draw with

masks: Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey


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 Fleetwood Town. Following comments by Colchester manager Kevin Keen that <mask> would "be a Premier League player" in two or three years, it was reported that the club had rejected a bid for <mask> from Championship side Bristol City on 22 January. After further contact between the two clubs, Colchester offered <mask> an improved contract on 28 January. He was sent off for the first time in his career on 6 February during Colchester's 3–0 Essex derby defeat to Southend United for a challenge on Ryan Leonard. After no ground had been made on <mask>'s contract offer, Keen admitted that he "very much doubt[ed]" that <mask> would sign a new deal with the club. <mask> remarked that he would "put it to the back" of his mind with his main focus being on "playing well and keeping Colchester in the league".He scored his third goal of the season on 12 March during a 3–3 draw at home to Wigan Athletic. He doubled his previous season-best goal tally on 19 March with a headed goal in Colchester's 2–1 defeat to Walsall at the Bescot Stadium, before adding his third goal in three games during Colchester's 4–1 win over Doncaster Rovers on 25 March. After scoring five goals in 42 appearances, <mask> was named as Colchester's Player of the Year at the club's End of Season award ceremony on 13 May. He was offered a new contract to remain with the club at the end of the season. Wigan Athletic
Following the expiry of his Colchester United deal, <mask> joined newly promoted Championship side Wigan Athletic on 21 June 2016 for an undisclosed fee, signing a three-year contract. He scored on his debut with the opening goal of a 2–1 defeat to Bristol City on 6 August 2016. A knee injury sustained against Fulham in October lead to <mask> being ruled out for four months.<mask> scored his second goal for Wigan in his final appearance of the season, netting an equaliser in a 3–2 comeback victory at home to Rotherham United. Milton Keynes Dons
On 31

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 August 2017, <mask> joined League One club Milton Keynes Dons for an undisclosed fee, signing a three-year deal. On 21 October 2017, <mask> scored his first goal for the club in a 4–4 home draw with Oldham Athletic. Following a 1–0 away defeat to Walsall on 3 February 2018, <mask> sustained a significant knee injury requiring surgery. Milton Keynes Dons' Head of Sports Medicine Simon Crampton stated that <mask> would be out of action until several months into the 2018–19 season. Despite concerns of a long period out through injury, <mask> recovered nearly six months ahead of schedule and returned to first team action in time for the start of the new season, featuring in a 2–1 away win over Oldham Athletic on 4 August 2018. On 27 November 2018, he scored twice in a 2–0 home league win over Morecambe, with both goals long distance strikes from outside the penalty area.Having played a crucial role in the club's promotion back to League One despite missing the last two months of the season through injury, <mask> was voted the club's Player of the Year for the 2018–19 season. Charlton Athletic
In August 2020 he signed for Charlton Athletic. He scored his first goal for the club on 10 April 2021 in a 2-1 win against Sunderland. Career statistics

Honours
Newport County
Conference Premier play-offs: 2013

Milton Keynes Dons
EFL League Two third-place promotion: 2018–19

Individual
Colchester United Young Player of the Year: 2013–14
Colchester United Player of the Year: 2015–16
Milton Keynes Dons Player of the Year: 2018–19, 2019–20
EFL League One Player of the Month: December 2019

References

External links

1994 births
Living people
Footballers from Dagenham
English footballers
Association football midfielders
Colchester United F.C. players
Newport County A.F.C. players
Wigan Athletic F.C. players
Milton Keynes Dons F.C.players
Charlton Athletic F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football)

masks: Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey


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<mask>, Baron <mask>,  (18 May 1813 – 8 January 1896) was a Scottish judge who is remembered as one of the greatest exponents of the common law. At one point, <mask> was a judge in the Court of Exchequer Chamber. On on 16 October 1876, he became the first person to be made a law lord under the terms of the newly passed Appellate Jurisdiction Act. Life
He was the second son of <mask> of Killearn, Stirlingshire, and Rebecca, daughter of the Rev. <mask>ies. He was born on 18 May 1813. His elder brother, <mask>, represented Stirlingshire in the conservative interest in the parliament of 1859–65.His younger brother was the mathematician <mask>. The future judge was educated at the Edinburgh Academy, Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, in which university he graduated B.A. (eighth wrangler) in 1835, and proceeded M.A. in 1838. In 1870, he received the honorary degree of LL.D. from the University of Edinburgh. Admitted on 20 April 1835, student at Lincoln's Inn, he migrated thence to the Inner Temple, where he was called to the bar on 23 November 1838, and elected honorary bencher on 13 April 1877.For some years after his call, he went the northern circuit in a briefless or almost briefless condition. He had no professional connection, no turn for politics, no political interest, none of the advantages of person and address which make for success in advocacy, and though his well-earned repute as a legal author led to his occasional employment in weighty mercantile cases, he was still a stuff gownsman, and better known in the courts as a reporter than as a pleader, when on the transference of Sir William Erle from

masks:
Colin Blackburn
Blackburn
Blackburn
John Blackburn
Colin Gill
Peter Blackburn
Hugh Blackburn


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 the Queen's Bench to the chief-justiceship of the common pleas, Lord Campbell startled the profession by selecting him for the vacant puisne judgeship. He was appointed justice on 27 June 1859, and on 2 November following, was invested with the coif. He was knighted on 24 April 1860. The surprise with which his advancement was received was proved by the event to have been singularly ill-founded. Judge

It was soon apparent that the new puisne judge possessed in an eminent degree all the essential qualities of the judicial mind. To a logical faculty, naturally acute and improved by severe discipline, he added a depth of learning, a breadth of view, a sobriety of judgment, and an inexhaustible patience, which made his decisions as nearly as possible infallible.Few causes célèbres came before him during his seventeen-year tenure of office as judge of first instance, but the dignity and impartiality with which he presided at the trial (28 October 1867) of the Manchester Fenians were worthy of a more august occasion, and his charge to the grand jury of Middlesex (2 June 1868) on the bill of indictment against the late governor of Jamaica, Edward John Eyre, though not perhaps altogether unexceptionable, is, on the whole, a sound, weighty, and vigorous exposition of the principles applicable to the determination of a question of great delicacy and the gravest imperial consequence. Only once was his judicial ability seriously questioned: this was an attack on him in an extraordinary letter to The Times  in 1877 by the bitter-tongued Irish judge Jonathan Christian, who chose to treat <mask>'s reversal of one of his


texts: judgments as a personal affront. Christian was notorious for quarreling with his Irish colleagues, and thought poorly of the ability of even the most distinguished of them (notably Lord O'Hagan, who sat with <mask> on the appeal and joined with him in reversing Christian's decision) so his attack on <mask> need not be taken seriously (it has been suggested that O'Hagan was the real target of his indignation). The consolidation of the courts effected by the Judicature Acts of 1873 and 1875 gave <mask> the status of justice of the high court, which numbered among its members no judge of more tried ability when the Appellate Jurisdiction Act of 1876 authorised the reinforcement of the House of Lords by the creation of two judicial life peers, designated 'lords of appeal in ordinary.' <mask>'s investiture with the new dignity met accordingly with universal approbation. He was raised to the life peerage on 10 October 1876, by the title of Baron Blackburn, of Killearn in the County of Stirlingshire, and took his seat in the House of Lords and was sworn of the privy council in the following month (21, 28 November) In the part which he thenceforth took in the administration of our imperial jurisprudence, Blackburn acquitted himself with an ability so consummate as to cause his retirement in December 1886 to be felt as an almost irreparable loss. The regret was intensified by the discovery of a curious flaw in the Appellate Jurisdiction Act, by which his resignation of office carried with it his exclusion from the House of Lords.This anomaly was, however, removed by an amending act. He died, unmarried, at his

masks: Blackburn Blackburn Blackburn Blackburn


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 country seat, Doonholm, Ayrshire, on 8 January 1896. <mask> was a member of the royal commissions on the courts of law (1867) and the stock exchange (1877), and presided over the royal commission on the draft criminal code (1878). He was author of a masterly Treatise on the Effect of the Contract of Sale on the Legal Rights of Property and Possession in Goods. Wares, and Merchandise, London, 1845, 8vo, which held its own as the standard text-book on the subject until displaced by the more comprehensive work of Benjamin. A new edition, revised by J. C. Graham, appeared in 1885. As a reporter <mask> collaborated with Thomas Flower Ellis.Though greatly respected he does not seem to have been popular. According to a well-known story he informed a colleague that he intended to retire in vacation to avoid the trouble of a retirement dinner – the colleague cheerfully replied that this was quite unnecessary since no-one would have turned up to the dinner anyway. Other notable cases in which Lord <mask> delivered judgment:
Glyn Mills & Co v East and West India Dock Co (1882) 7 App. Cas. 591

Arms

References

Attribution

External links

1813 births
1896 deaths
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Law lords
Members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
People educated at Edinburgh Academy
Anglo-Scots
People from the Scottish Borders
Scottish legal writers
English legal writers
Justices of the King's Bench
Queen's Bench Division judges
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Knights Bachelor
19th-century British judges
Peers of the United Kingdom created by Queen

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Career Blackburn
Blackburn
Blackburn


texts:
<mask><mask> is an American novelist and international affairs specialist. Early life and education

<mask> was born in Boston, Massachusetts, and grew up in Wellesley. <mask>'s family emigrated from Eastern Europe to Massachusetts in the late 1800s and early 1900s from the Jewish Pale of Settlement. He is married to Camilla Waszink from Norway, and they have two children. <mask> and his family live in Oslo, Norway. <mask> is a graduate of Wellesley High School (1988), Sarah Lawrence College (B.A. in Liberal Arts, 1992), Georgetown University (M.A.in national security studies from the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, 1996), The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies of Geneva, Switzerland (D.E.S in international relations, 1998, and Ph.D. 2004) where he graduated with the highest distinction of summa cum laude. He attended St. Catherine's College at the University of Oxford (1995-1996) and later Linacre College (1999-2000) on scholarship from the Europaeum Consortium, also at Oxford. He later published Media Pressure on Foreign Policy: The Evolving Theoretical Framework with Palgrave based on his dissertation "Bad Press." The study offered a theory of media pressure - what it is, how it works, how it can be measured - based in part on 'positioning theory' in discursive psychology. Professor Rom Harré (former head of Philosophy at Oxford) wrote: 'This fascinating book opens up quite new directions in the study of key political processes. Focusing on the alleged influence that the media are supposed to exercise on the political process, <mask> brings two novel sets of considerations to bear. Turning to the history of discussions of media influence he brings to light the profundity of discussions of this

masks:
Derek B
. Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Derek Miller


texts:
 very issue in the period during which the Western democratic tradition was being forged.Perhaps more importantly he asks the fundamental question: how could the media influence the political process? To answer this question he makes use of one of the most recent developments in social psychology, positioning theory. This is an original and powerful study, and deserves to be very widely read.' International affairs

<mask> has worked in international affairs since 1994, starting his career as an intern on Capitol Hill for then-Senator William S. Cohen (R - Maine). He was the founding editor of Georgetown's National Security Studies Quarterly and has held positions with, or consulted for, many think tanks and organizations including The Mission of the Republic of Korea to the United Nations at Geneva; The Small Arms Survey; International Alert; the United Nations Development Programme; and The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research among others. <mask> founded The Policy Lab® in 2011 where he is Director. Additionally, he is (since 2015) Adjunct Senior Fellow at the Pell Center for International Relations and Public Policy, Salve Regina University, and Research Associate at the Centre on Conflict, Development, and Peacebuilding at the Graduate Institute Geneva.In 2018, <mask> helped found and launch Voices Between: Stories Against Extremism, an initiative by storytellers to innovate learning about war and peace. Novels

In January 2013 The Times newspaper said <mask>en Damm (2010) as Et merkelig sted å dø. The novel's first English-language publisher was Scribe in Australia (2013), followed by Faber and Faber in the UK, and Houghton Mifflin Harcourt in the U.S. It was later published in many other countries. Norwegian by

masks: Miller Miller Miller Millerpel


texts: Night received many favorable reviews. It was shortlisted for seven literary awards winning the Crime Writers' Association's John Creasy Dagger Award for a debut crime novel.It was also awarded the eDunnit Award and the Goldsboro Last Laugh Award and was nominated for the Strand Magazine Critic's Award for Best First Novel, the American Bookseller's Association's 2014 Indie Choice Award, Barry Award for Best First Novel, and the Macavity Award for Best First Mystery. Pulitzer Prize winner Richard Russo wrote that it was "one of those books that completely transcends its genre and offers us one of the most memorable characters — Sheldon Horowitz — that I’ve encountered in years." <mask>'s second novel, The Girl in Green (2016), was also published by Faber and Faber. In the UK it was short-listed for the 2017 Crime Writers' Association's Gold Dagger Award for the "best crime novel of the year" with the judges writing that "after his award-winning debut, Norwegian by Night, <mask> <mask> has delivered a blistering and powerful successor in The Girl in Green, set against the backdrop of war-torn Iraq. This is a thought-provoking tour de force with unforgettable characters – one not to be missed." It was a Shelf Awareness Best Book of 2017. In 2019, Karl Marlantes (winner of the Navy Cross and author of  Matterhorn: A Novel of the Vietnam War), wrote for The Wall Street Journal that The Girl in Green "is page-turning adventure and humor overlaid on bungling bureaucracy and the sorrows of war.It’s up there with 'Catch-22' … [and] In Arwood Hobbes, Mr. <mask> beautifully captures the sardonic language of the American grunt. The novel is a superb example of Wavy Gravy’s comment in the aftermath of a disaster, that, 'Without a sense of humor,

masks:
Miller
Derek B
Miller
Miller