texts: lasers on on-axis (001) Si with 87% injection efficiency," ACS Photonics, (5)3, 1094-1100, December 18, 2017. J. C. Norman, D. Jung, Y. Wan, and <mask> E. Bowers, “Perspective: The Future of Quantum Dot Photonic Integrated Circuits”, Invited Paper, Applied Physics Letters Photonics, (3)3, 030901, March 27, 2018.D. T. Spencer, T. Drake, T. C. Briles, J. Stone, L. C. Sinclair, C. Fredrick, Q. Li, D. Westly, B. Robert Ilic, A. Bluestone, N. Volet, T. Komljenovic, L. Chang, S. H. Lee, D. Y. Oh, M.-G. Suh, K. Y. Yang, M. H. P. Pfeiffer, T. J. Kippenberg, E. Norberg, L. Theogarajan, K. Vahala, N. R. Newbury, K. Srinivasan, J. E<mask>, S.A. Diddams, and S. B. Papp, “An Integrated-Photonics Optical-Frequency Synthesizer,” Nature Photonics, 557, 81-85, April 25, 2018. A. Y. Liu and J<mask>, “Photonic Integration with Epitaxial III-V on Silicon”, Invited Paper, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, (24)6, 6000412, July 9, 2018. R. Jones, P. Doussiere, J. B. Driscoll, W. Lin, H. Yu, Y. Akulova, T. Komljenovic, and J. E<mask> “Heterogeneously Integrated Photonics“, Invited paper, IEEE Nanotechnology Magazine 17, April (2019). C. Xiang, W. Jin, J. Guo, J. D. Peters, M. J.

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 Kennedy, J. Selvidge, P. A. Morton, and J. E. Bowers, “Narrow-linewidth III-V/Si/Si3N4 laser using multilayer heterogeneous integration,” Optica 7, 20–21 (2020).C. Xiang, J. Liu, J. Guo, L. Chang, R. N. Wang, W. Weng, J. Peters, W. Xie, Z. Zhang, J. Riemensberger, J. Selvidge, T. J. Kippenberg, and J. E<mask>, "Laser soliton microcombs heterogeneously integrated on silicon", Science 373, 99 (2021). See also
Hybrid silicon laser

References

20th-century American physicists
American electrical engineers
21st-century American engineers
University of California, Santa Barbara faculty
University of Minnesota College of Science and Engineering alumni
Stanford University alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Fellows of the Optical Society
Fellow Members of the IEEE
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
20th-century American engineers
Fellows of the American Physical Society
21st-century American physicists
Scientists at Bell Labs
Optical


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<mask><mask> (May 4, 1882 – June 10, 1948) was an American miner and president of the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) from 1917 to 1919. A Democrat, he also served as Lieutenant Governor of Colorado in 1937–39. He was born in the coal mining town of What Cheer, Iowa, in 1882, but moved with his family as a boy to Illinois. At the age of 13, he began working in the coal mines. His father was active in the unions. UMWA Involvement 1904-1919
He joined the United Mine Workers and held a number of local union offices before being elected secretary-treasurer of District 13 in 1904. A socialist, he allied himself with the radical left-wing of the miners' union and agitated for greater militancy and adoption of socialism as the union's only economic and political philosophy.He was elected an international vice president in 1911. While a vice president, he helped strategize and organize the Paint Creek-Cabin Creek strike of 1912 in West Virginia and the Colorado Coal Strike of 1913–1914 (during which the Ludlow Massacre occurred). Paint Creek-Cabin Creek strike of 1912

The Paint Creek Miner's Union with the help of <mask>, serving as the UMWA International Vice President, declared a strike with eight demands. After the demands were known the Cabin Creek Miner's Union joined the striking miners as well. During the first month of the strike the UMWA organizers kept peace, but subsequently the mine operators hired the Baldwin-Felts Detective Agency to break the strike. After 300 Baldwin-Felts Detectives arrived, the labor organizer Mother Jones also arrived and was subsequently arrested. The strike lasted from April 18, 1912 through July 1913.After the confrontation, Fred Stanton, a banker, estimated that the strike and ensuing armed conflict cost $100,000,000. The confrontation directly caused perhaps fifty violent deaths, as well as many more deaths caused indirectly by starvation and malnutrition among the striking miners. In the

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 number of casualties, it counts among the worst conflicts in American labor union history. Ludlow Massacre

The Ludlow Massacre was an attack by the Colorado National Guard and Colorado Fuel and Iron Company guards on a tent colony of 1,200 coal miners and their families at Ludlow, Colorado, on April 20, 1914. About two dozen people, including miners' wives and children, were killed. The chief owner of the mine, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., was widely criticized for the incident. The massacre, the seminal event in the Colorado Coal Wars, resulted in the death of 21 people.The deaths occurred after a daylong fight between militia and camp guards against striking workers. Ludlow was the deadliest single incident in the southern Colorado Coal Strike, which lasted from September 1913 through December 1914. The strike was organized by the miners against coal mining companies in Colorado. The three largest companies involved were the Rockefeller family-owned Colorado Fuel & Iron Company, the Rocky Mountain Fuel Company, and the Victor-American Fuel Company. In retaliation for Ludlow, the miners armed themselves and attacked dozens of antiunion establishments over the next ten days, destroying property and engaging in several skirmishes with the Colorado National Guard along a 40-mile front from Trinidad to Walsenburg. The entire strike would cost between 69 and 199 lives. Thomas G. Andrews described it as the "deadliest strike in the history of the United States", commonly referred to as the Colorado Coalfield War.The Ludlow Massacre was a watershed moment in American labor relations. Historian Howard Zinn described the Ludlow Massacre as "the culminating act of perhaps the most violent struggle between corporate power and laboring men in American history". Congress responded to public outcry by directing the House Committee on Mines and Mining to investigate the incident. Its report, published in 1915, was influential in promoting child


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 labor laws and an eight-hour work day. The Ludlow site, 18 miles northwest of Trinidad, Colorado, is now a ghost town. The massacre site is owned by the United Mine Workers of America, which erected a granite monument in memory of the miners and their families who died that day. The Ludlow Tent Colony Site was designated a National Historic Landmark on January 16, 2009, and dedicated on June 28, 2009.Modern archeological investigation largely supports the strikers' reports of the event.<mask> Invites, but Baldwin-Felts Answers
<mask><mask>, then international vice-president, twice invited the operators to a joint conference, as did the miners assembled in convention at Trinidad on Sep 15, 1913. But the operators had ignored these invitations. It is significant that of the miners' six or seven demands, only two were not already guaranteed under severe penalty by the laws of Colorado. Much of the source of irritation, then, might have been eliminated if Governor E. M. Ammons' administration had enforced the laws. Though winter lay ahead, the mining families were nonetheless evicted from company houses. The United Mine Workers of America immediately built tent colonies for them. The largest, having two hundred tents and a population of nearly a thousand people, was located on the barren plains of Ludlow.When the strike in southern Colorado finally went into effect on September 23, over eleven thousand mine workers, 95 per cent of the total, left the pits. With company operations halted by this mass work stoppage, the "Big Three" corporations—Colorado Fuel and Iron Company, Rocky Mountain Fuel Company, and the Victor American Fuel Company—imported the Baldwin-Felts industrial detectives of West Virginia. The Baldwin-Felts organization promptly took over the sheriffs' offices in Las Animas and Huerfano counties ... and staffed them with several hundred barrel-house bums and professional gunmen imported from the cities ... The miners

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 meanwhile had armed themselves in self-defense and in a battle had temporarily succeeded in driving the Baldwins into the hills. Then came the Colorado National Guard, in command of Adjutant General John Chase. Assured by him and Governor Ammons that they would be let alone, the striking miners voluntarily surrendered their arms. On the last day of October 1913, with banners flying, the singing men, women and children marched behind their band down the road to meet the militia ... [3]

Account of <mask> speech after the Ludlow Massacre

"<mask><mask>, International Vice President of the Union, the man who had charge of the Colorado situation, and colleague of Lawson, was then introduced.Mr. <mask> spoke in clear, ringing voice. His splendid diction and his magnetic personality at once won his hearers, and he held their closest attention. First paying tribute to Lawson as a splendid man, he declared that he came here as the representative of 500,000 organized coal miners to discuss the so-called "Lawson case." He told how he and Lawson and other leaders went to Colorado in 1913, how they sought a hearing with the mine owners but met with refusal, because the operators had determined to eliminate the union. Then he told of how the strike was called, and how the men had hoped to conduct it peacefully, as no strike could be won by violence. Then Mr. <mask> told how the mine owners imported 700 gun-men to break the strike, of how they started the trouble by shooting into the tent colonies established by the strikers who had been evicted from company houses. He told dramatically of the shooting or murdering of thirty-eight men, women and children, and not one indictment had been brought against the mine owners.Lawson was indicted for the killing of John Nimo, a mine guard, who was shot down in an open battle between miners and mine guards. Lawson was not within several miles of the scene, but he was indicted because he was in charge of

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 the Ludlow tent colony, and they trumped up a charge that he was responsible for all the acts of the colony. He declared that Las Animas county was owned body and soul by the corporations. In proof he showed that although in the past 23 years over 1000 miners had been accidentally killed, not one resulted in a damage suit in favor of the miners' families. All the court officials had been in the pay of the corporations. The sheriff picked the jury. There was no jury box, but he drew a venire of 75 men prejudiced against Lawson, and of these the twelve worst were placed on the trial jury.Then he told of how the jury was coerced to bring in the verdict of guilty. Mr. <mask> concluded his masterly speech by enumerating the demands of the Colorado miners, all of which were based on Colorado laws that were not being lived up to by the mine owners. He severely arraigned Rockefeller, and recited a poem that he had composed, based on Rockefeller's expression, "My Conscience acquits me." He was given thunderous applause." UMWA President 1917-1919
During his tenure on the UMWA executive council, he unsuccessfully ran for governor of Illinois on the ticket of the Socialist Party of America. When UMWA president John P. White resigned in 1917 to take a federal government job, <mask> was elected president to succeed him. <mask>' tenure as UMWA president was not an effective one.He was not a firm leader, and lacked administrative abilities. His health deteriorated quickly during his presidency, probably due to alcoholism. By 1919, he turned most of his duties over to John L. Lewis, who was named the union's acting president. <mask> resigned the office of president in 1920. Although he retained a position and salary as an international field representative, he retired to Colorado. Labor Songs and Poetry
During <mask> retirement to Colorado he wrote labor songs and poetry (much of it concerning the Ludlow Massacre). We're Coming, Colorado by

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 <mask><mask>

Sung to the tune of The Battle Cry of Freedom

(John D. Rockefeller, Jr., testifying before the congressional committee, investigating the Colorado strike, when asked if he approved of the use of machine-guns and paid gunmen to break the strike, even though scores of people were murdered, replied:  "My conscience acquits me.")Ludlow Massacre Monument Activist
<mask> sent the following letter about a monument for the Ludlow Massacre to another member of the UMWA leadership upon his retirement. He continued to be a voice for miners throughout the rest of his life. This letter is just one that was featured in the United Mine Workers Journal and the Hellraisers Journal

Death
<mask><mask> died in Denver, Colorado on June 10, 1948 at age 66. Not much has been written about his cause of death but he did suffer from alcoholism during his life. References

Further sources
Downing, Sybil. Fire in the Hole. Niwot, Colo.: University Press of Colorado, 1996.Fink, Gary M., ed. Biographical Dictionary of American Labor. Westport, Ct.: Greenwood Press, 1984. Holbrook, Stewart. The Rocky Mountain Revolution. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1956. McGovern, George S. and Guttridge, Leonard F. The Great Coalfield War.Paperback reissue ed. Niwot, Colo.: University Press of Colorado, 2004. Phelan, Craig. William Green: Biography of a Labor Leader. Albany, N.Y.:  State University of New York Press, 1989. Suggs, Jr., George G. Colorado's War on Militant Unionism: James H. Peabody and the Western Federation of Miners. 2nd ed.Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991. 1882 births
1948 deaths
Trade unionists from Colorado
Presidents of the United Mine Workers
American coal miners
American socialists
People from Madison County, Illinois
People from Macoupin County, Illinois
People from What Cheer, Iowa
Lieutenant Governors of Colorado
20th-century American politicians
Trade unionists from Illinois
Colorado socialists
Illinois

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<mask> (October 23, 1826April 4, 1893) was an American attorney, Democratic politician, and Union Army officer. He served two years in the Wisconsin State Senate and was an adjutant on the staff of General William Rosecrans during the American Civil War. Early life
<mask> was the youngest son of U.S. Army Major <mask> of Vermont, an 1807 graduate of the United States Military Academy and a veteran of the War of 1812. Major <mask> married Frances Whitcroft, the daughter of a Maryland politician, Burton Whitcroft. Following the War, the elder <mask> was assigned to work as a paymaster for the Army in Washington, D.C., and was reassigned to Utica, New York, in 1821. <mask> was born while the family was living in the vicinity of Utica, in 1826. <mask> and his eldest son, <mask>, Jr., traveled to Green Bay in 1828 to take up the duties of sutler for Fort Howard.In 1838, at age 12, <mask> and the remainder of his family came west to join his father and brother in the Wisconsin Territory. Around 1840, <mask> moved to live with his older brother, Satterlee <mask>, Jr., at Fort Winnebago, where he had been working as sutler clerk. Both <mask>s left the fort in 1843. Mexican–American War

At the outbreak of the Mexican–American War in 1846, <mask> was residing at St. Louis, where he enlisted with the 2nd Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment under Colonel William Henry Bissell. He marched with the army of General John E. Wool through Texas and Mexico, participating in the Battle of Buena Vista, and returned to Wisconsin in 1847. Political career
Shortly after returning from the war, <mask> was admitted to the bar and began a legal practice at Berlin, Wisconsin. He later resided for a time at Ceresco, Wisconsin, which was Fourierist commune in western Fond du Lac County.In 1853, however, he was appointed harbor agent at Manitowoc, Wisconsin, and relocated there. A few months after his arrival at Manitowoc, the federal government approved an appropriation for improving the harbor, and <mask> gained significant patronage

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 through awarding the contracts to complete the work. By 1856, he had also become an investor and officer in the Manitowoc and Calumet Village Plank Road Company. <mask> was also active in the Democratic Party and, in 1856, was elected to the Wisconsin State Senate from the 19th district, which the previous year had been redistricted to contain Calumet and Manitowoc counties. Prior to 1857, Manitowoc and Calumet had shared a Senate district with more populous Sheboygan County, and had always been represented in the Senate by a Sheboyganite. <mask>, as a Democrat, was in the minority during the 10th and 11th legislatures and had an unremarkable term. Possibly the most noteworthy anecdote of his Senate term was that he was involved in a physical altercation with Madison Patriot publisher Stephen Decatur Carpenter on the grounds of the State Capitol.In 1858, <mask> ran for Wisconsin State Assembly in Manitowoc County's 1st Assembly district, but was defeated by Republican William Aldrich. Civil War service
Also in 1858, the Wisconsin Militia was reorganized by new Adjutant General Amasa Cobb, creating several new geographic divisions. Cobb and Governor Alexander Randall appointed <mask> to serve as Major General for the 8th Division of the Wisconsin Militia, which comprised Manitowoc, Calumet, Brown, and Kewaunee counties. He served in this capacity until the outbreak of the American Civil War. As news arrived of the attack on Fort Sumter, <mask> was one of several Democrats moved by patriotic fervor to join the Union cause. <mask> immediately began recruiting a company of volunteers from Manitowoc County, known as the Manitowoc Guard, and by May 1, 1861, the company had been accepted by Governor Randall for enrollment into Wisconsin's volunteer force. The company was organized into the 5th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment and rendezvoused with the other companies at Camp Randall, in Madison, Wisconsin.The regiment mustered into service July 13, 1861, under Colonel Amasa Cobb. <mask>'s company was made Company A of

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 the regiment, and <mask> was designated senior captain of the regiment. The regiment proceeded to Washington, D.C., for service in the eastern theater of the war. In Washington, the regiment was assigned to construct fortifications and maintain a picket until March 1862, when they commenced a march with General George B. McClellan's Peninsula campaign. Captain <mask>, however, left the regiment in early April 1862, as he was appointed adjutant on the staff of his brother-in-law Brigadier General Joseph B. Plummer in the Army of the Mississippi. He arrived in time to participate at the Siege of Corinth. General Plummer had earlier been wounded in battle, and died of his wounds and prolonged exposure in August.On Plummer's death, General William Rosecrans, commanding the Army of the Mississippi, took Captain <mask> onto his staff. He participated with Rosecrans at the Battle of Iuka and the Second Battle of Corinth, where he was wounded three times. He was mentioned in General Rosecrans correspondence after the battle for meritorious conduct. His most serious wound was a gunshot through the lung, which was thought to be a mortal wound. He lie in the hospital near death for several weeks, but ultimately recovered, though he suffered lingering effects from the wound. <mask> returned to service in January 1863, and was assigned as an adjutant to General Richard W. Johnson in the Army of the Cumberland, but had to resign due to disability in July 1863. Postbellum career
After the war, <mask> resided for a time at New York City and was active in the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States.In the 1870s, he was appointed to the United States Secret Service as a detective. In that capacity, in 1872, he was fined for drunk and disorderly conduct while on government business in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Though <mask> had always been a Democrat, he was a supporter of James A. Garfield in the 1880 United States presidential election, due to their time together on the staff of General Rosecrans. After

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 Garfield was elected president, he appointed <mask> to a clerkship position in the United States Department of Agriculture, where he remained until his death in 1893. <mask> was buried with military honors at Arlington National Cemetery. Personal life and family

Although his father, Major Satterlee <mask>, was well-regarded early in his military career, he suffered from alcoholism. Major <mask> was dismissed from service in 1824, and was considered a debtor to the government due to poor bookkeeping as paymaster in Utica.Shortly after his firing, he wrote in the press under the pseudonym "Hancock" making allegations of corruption against the man who had fired him, Secretary of War John C. Calhoun. The allegations resulted in a congressional investigation of Calhoun during his time as Vice President of the United States. Major <mask> ultimately received a favorable judgement from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, restoring some of the pay which had been withheld from him. <mask> was the youngest of five children born to <mask> and Frances Whitcroft. His eldest brother, Satterlee <mask>, Jr., was a prominent leader of the Democratic Party in Wisconsin and stridently opposed to the Civil War, he served ten years in the Wisconsin State Senate through the 1860s. His sister, Frances, married Joseph B. Plummer, who was <mask>'s superior officer in the Army of the Mississippi. <mask>'s grandfather was <mask>, an American militia officer in the American Revolutionary War who rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel.Notes

References

External links
 Arlington National Cemetery

1826 births
1893 deaths
Wisconsin state senators
Wisconsin Democrats
Wisconsin lawyers
19th-century American politicians
People from Oneida County, New York
People from Manitowoc County, Wisconsin
United States Army personnel
Union Army officers
American military personnel of the Mexican–American War
United States Department of Agriculture people
United States Secret Service agents
Military personnel from

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<mask><mask> (born April 2, 1956) is an American philanthropist and technology entrepreneur. He is the founder and chairman of the David Bohnett Foundation, a non-profit, grant-making organization devoted to improving society through social activism. <mask> founded the pioneering social networking site GeoCities in 1994; the highly successful site went public via an IPO in 1998, and was acquired by Yahoo! in 1999. Since then he has invested in technology start-ups via Baroda Ventures, a Los Angeles–based venture capital firm he started in 1998. Early life, education, and early career
<mask> was born in Chicago, Illinois in 1956, and grew up in Hinsdale, an affluent Chicago suburb, with Republican parents. His father was a business executive and his mother was a preschool teacher.His sister <mask> Campbell is a past president of the board of the Dayton Philharmonic, and his brother William is a retired corporate attorney and was on the national board of the Smithsonian Institution from 2009–2018. Bohnett was interested in business at an early age, selling Amway products and delivering newspapers. In high school he became fascinated by computers, and chose to attend college at the University of Southern California – where he received a BS in business administration – because it was one of the few universities at the time with a computer science program. He put himself through college by waiting tables, guiding tours at Universal Studios, and other service jobs. In his youth, Bohnett experienced the isolation and pain of being gay, first in his conservative suburban hometown, and then in 1978 in college when his first lover, from a small-town Indiana Catholic family, committed suicide. Bohnett became active in gay rights at graduate school at the University of Michigan, beginning in the fall of 1978 as a hotline counselor at the Jim Toy–founded University of Michigan Lesbian and Gay Male Program Office, now called the Spectrum Center. As an openly gay MBA student, he volunteered to go to freshman psychology classes and, looking like an average Midwesterner, said to

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 the students, "I'm gay, ask me anything."He received his MBA in finance from University of Michigan's Ross School of Business in 1980. When he returned to Los Angeles after graduate school, he became involved with GLAAD and the Los Angeles Gay and Lesbian Center, came out to his parents, and in 1983 entered a longterm relationship with fellow activist and openly gay judge Rand Schrader, 11 years his senior. When Schrader died in the AIDS epidemic in 1993, <mask>, like many surviving same-sex partners prior to marriage equality, was left with no legal spousal benefits and a significant estate tax bill. He did however receive $386,000 from Schrader's life insurance. <mask> had been a staff information systems consultant at Arthur Andersen from 1980 to 1983 and, unable to be openly gay in that world, he had left to work at software companies instead. As his career in software was progressing, and shortly after Schrader's death, he searched for a way to tie together the software and activist sides of his life. Around this time the World Wide Web was just starting to be introduced, and he felt compelled to be a part of it.Internet career

GeoCities
In 1994 <mask>'s business and software expertise, and his interest in giving people a voice and a chance to meet people of similar interests, led him to develop GeoCities.com, with John Rezner as co-founder and chief technical officer. GeoCities was the one of the first web hosting companies and one of the first social networking sites on the internet, an early forerunner of MySpace and Facebook. It allowed users to engage in a variety of innovative activities – create their own free webpages, organized into communities of interest; connect with others online; express their passions, creativity, and individuality; and engage in e-commerce. The site grew very rapidly, receiving millions of users who set up webpages; at its peak it ultimately reached 38 million pages, created by individual users. GeoCities was the first large internet venture built on user-generated content, and in 2008 TechRadar cited it as #2 in its list

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 of "20 websites that changed the world". By 1997 it was the fifth most popular site on the internet, with over one million users. The company went public in 1998, nearly doubling its initial share price in its first day of trading; <mask> used the increased funding to add various features including a search engine, numerous tools and templates which made page creation easy and which completely bypassed any need for HTML coding, and social tools which made it easy to interact.GeoCities also hosted business sites, sites for world news, and shopping sites. By December 1998 it was the third most visited internet site, and had 41 theme-based interest categories called "neighborhoods", whose topics ranged to areas as varied as fan fiction, fine dining, arts and literature, campus life, computers and technology, investing and finance, individual sports and recreational activities, education and philosophy, politics, family, kids' interests, chat and romance, the environment, travel, home life, cooking, health, fan pages, entertainment genres, women, and multiple international-interest pages. Yahoo! Inc. purchased GeoCities during the dotcom boom in 1999 for $3.57 billion, and <mask> netted about $300 million. Baroda Ventures
By 1998 <mask>'s success with GeoCities allowed him to begin investing in other technology companies, and he founded Baroda Ventures, a Los Angeles–based venture capital firm which makes early-stage investments in tech-related ventures. Baroda's investments focus mainly on consumer internet, e-commerce, mobile, SaaS, and digital media industries, with a particular interest in companies based in Los Angeles. Some of Baroda's investments have included SteelHouse, Retention Science, ID90T, Surf Air, DogVacay, and Gamesville.<mask> has become actively involved in many of Baroda's investment vehicles. These include NetZero, Stamps.com, Xdrive, LowerMyBills.com, Wireimage, OVGuide, FilmOn, and Online Partners (the parent company of Gay.com). In each of these he has maintained a significant investment stake, directorship, and active involvement with the

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 entrepreneurs and management team. He has also been a board member of NCR Corporation. Philanthropic activities

David Bohnett Foundation

Immediately after selling his popular internet social-network company GeoCities to Yahoo! in 1999, <mask> turned his attention to activism. He created the David Bohnett Foundation, "a nonprofit grant-making organization focused on providing resources for organizations pursuing societal change and social justice through activism", with an initial endowment of $32million.According to the Los Angeles Times Magazine, he "invests where he can actually improve lives, empower individuals and build viable communities in meaningful ways". To serve as executive director and strategist for his foundation he hired Michael Fleming, who had been a media leader for the American Civil Liberties Union. The David Bohnett Foundation is devoted to improving society through community-building and social activism, and it provides funding, state-of-the-art technology, and technical support to relevant innovative organizations and institutions. As of 2020, the foundation had donated more than $121 million. Its current primary funding areas are:

The Fund for Los Angeles, which supports a broad spectrum of arts, educational, and civic programs in Los Angeles
LGBT-related causes
AIDS services and research
Voting rights and voter registration
Gun violence prevention
Animal research and animal rights

The foundation also funds graduate-school civic internship and leadership programs at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University (an LGBT-related program), the Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy at the University of Michigan, the Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service at New York University, and the UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs. In Detroit, New York City, and Los Angeles, the graduate students receive positions in the mayor's office, and their stipends and tuition are paid for by the Bohnett Foundation. These paid student interns have been involved in policy analysis and implementation, assisting speech


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 writing, evaluating department heads, reducing homelessness, and other initiatives.Several former Bohnett mayoral fellows occupy management positions in the cities where they had interned, and in 2014 Stephanie Chang, a Bohnett fellow from the University of Michigan, became the first Asian-American woman elected to the Michigan state legislature. In 2000, the foundation's first full year, it donated $2 million to LGBT organizations, AIDS services, gun control programs, and voter registration initiatives. Bohnett's initial grants included large donations to GLAAD, the Family Equality Council, and the Human Rights Campaign. A prime aim for Bohnett is to "create an environment which destigmatizes homosexuality", and to that end he has funded national gay rights organizations and local LGBT organizations and centers across the U.S. The nationwide LGBT centers he has funded and created include numerous LGBT CyberCenters – safe-haven internet cafes where LGBT young people and seniors, and disadvantaged, troubled, or closeted gays, can find support and resources, including computers and internet access. Bohnett created the first CyberCenter in 1998, and as of 2014 there were over 60 David Bohnett CyberCenters in the U.S., including locations in Atlanta, Tulsa, Orlando, Salt Lake City, Dallas, Tucson, Seattle, San Francisco, and New York City. Since 2004 each CyberCenter has been updated every three to four years.<mask>'s total non-political LGBT giving from 1999 through mid 2014 was $17 million. In 2018 the Bohnett Foundation, along with the Gill Foundation, partnered with the Biden Foundation and the YMCA of the USA in a joint three-year effort to foster LGBTQ inclusion and equity at YMCA locations nationwide. Additional philanthropy and directorships
<mask> was a founding member of the Los Angeles chapter of the Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD). He focused its strategy on lobbying entertainment and media companies to produce positive representations of gays. His motivation in supporting positive media portrayals was in part to help people feel

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texts: more comfortable about coming out. <mask> has been a trustee of amfAR (The Foundation for AIDS Research) since 2006, and was honored with an amfAR Award of Courage in 2006. He donated $1million to amfAR's 2014/2015 Countdown for a Cure drive for an end to AIDS by 2020.In addition to his personal and foundation philanthropy, <mask> was the chairman of the Los Angeles Philharmonic Association from 2008 to 2013, and he was instrumental in recruiting Gustavo Dudamel to become the orchestra's music director. He was vice chairman of the LA Phil from 2013 to late 2015, and is currently on the orchestra's board of directors. His enthusiasm for involvement with the LA Phil was sparked by the opening of the Walt Disney Concert Hall in 2003, and he began major donations, totaling $3.5 million by July 2014, which helped the orchestra reach underserved communities and broaden and diversify its programming and activities. His chairmanship of the LA Phil brought music education, musical resources, and free instruments to LA's least-privileged areas. He has been a champion of the LA Phil's Youth Orchestra Los Angeles (YOLA) since its inception. In December 2014, Bohnett donated $20million to the  LA Philharmonic. $10million of that endowed the <mask><mask> Presidential Chair, ensuring that the orchestra will always have the funds to recruit and pay a first-rate President and Chief Executive Officer.The other $10million created the <mask> C. Bohnett Presidential Fund for Discovery and Innovation, to make the LA Phil a "model" 21st-century orchestra through innovative programming; new audience development, including via digital routes; and social responsibility. In 2015, the <mask> bequest co-funded a first-of-its-kind virtual reality (VR) mobile four-minute concert performance of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony, housed in a van and featuring an immersive experience of Dudamel conducting the symphony, which toured for two months to communities and young people who do not usually come to the Walt Disney Concert Hall; the VAN Beethoven experience was also made available as a free app

masks:
Bohnett
Bohnett
David C
. Bohnett
David
Bohnett


texts: called Orchestra VR in the Oculus Rift and Samsung VR app stores. He is a trustee of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), and made a major gift to LACMA to name its Ahmanson Building atrium the David Bohnett Foundation Atrium. From 2001 through 2014, the Bohnett Foundation donated $8.8million to LACMA. He is the former board chairman (2015–2017), and the current chairman of the executive committee, of the Wallis Annenberg Center for the Performing Arts. In 2012 he was appointed by President Barack Obama as a trustee of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, and in 2015 the David Bohnett Foundation donated $5million to the Kennedy Center for its Expansion Project. He is also a founding supporter of the Southampton Arts Center.He is on the board of trustees of the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago. In the film industry, through his foundation <mask> funded the restoration and DVD of the landmark 1977 film Word Is Out: Stories of Some of Our Lives, which featured interviews with 26 gay men and women. It was the first feature-length documentary film about gay identity made by gay filmmakers, and there was no viable print of it remaining. The restoration and DVD were done for the film's 30th anniversary; the restored and remastered film premiered in 2008 and the DVD was released in 2010. He was executive producer of the 2005 documentary Little Man, about a micro-preemie boy who was born 100 days too early and weighed only one pound at birth. <mask> also made a major financial contribution to the 2007 documentary For the Bible Tells Me So, about homosexuality and its perceived conflict with Christianity. He was the executive producer of Political Animals, a 2016 documentary about the struggles of openly gay politicians.He co-funded and co-sponsored the drive to continue the manufacture of peel-apart instant film. The initiative, headed by photographer Florian Kaps and the group New55, is relaunching 4×5-inch color peel-apart film and will manufacture other types of packfilm. <mask> is on the board of trustees of the Brookings


texts:
 Institution. He is on the board of directors of the Los Angeles World Affairs Council, and is on the board of trustees of the University of Southern California. His directorship involvements also include having been a board member of the California Community Foundation. In 2016 <mask> donated $15million to the USC Village at the University of Southern California. The endowment will fund the David C. Bohnett Residential College, which will focus on social justice and community service.The Bohnett College will be a student community that integrates living and learning for up to 320 students, plus faculty-in-residence and support staff. The $15million donation also established a leadership fund at the USC's Price School of Public Policy for a two-year fellowship in public policy at the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. It will also endow a chair in social entrepreneurship at the USC Marshall School of Business. <mask> is also a co-founder of the Lake Agawam Conservation Association in Southampton, New York, dedicated to rehabilitation of Lake Agawam and promoting environmentally sensitive riparian stewardship. Political involvement
Through his foundation and his personal efforts, <mask> has long been politically active nationally, supporting and donating to political causes, ventures, and people he believes in strongly. His main areas of political donation and support have included LGBT politics, gun violence prevention, diversity empowerment supporting African American and Latino political involvement, political leadership training, voter registration, and the Democratic Party. His LGBT rights political activism and support has included being a pioneer proponent for same-sex marriage: In the fall of 2000, at a political fundraiser at his home in Los Angeles that included a number of U.S. senators, he called for full equality for gays and lesbians, including same-sex marriage, and in 2004 he co-funded the Civil Marriage Collaborative  to support marriage equality.He has supported major initiatives and donations to boost openly gay political leadership. The


texts:
 Bohnett Foundation has in particular been a major and long-term supporter of the Gay & Lesbian Victory Fund, especially its LGBT Leadership Fellows aimed at training LGBT leaders for state and local governments; as of 2017 the Bohnett Leaders Fellowship at the Victory Institute has sent 118 LGBT leaders to the Harvard Kennedy School's Senior Executives in State and Local Government program since 2002. The <mask>ett LGBTQ Leaders Fellowship alumni have included Kyrsten Sinema, the first openly bisexual U.S. congressperson, and Annise Parker, one of the first openly gay mayors of a major U.S. city (Houston). <mask> has made numerous personal political donations at a state level in California politics. In 1999 he donated $300,000 to help defeat Proposition 22, a March 2000 California ballot measure to limit marriage to heterosexuals. He was among the top 40 donors to California politics from 2001 through 2011. He was the single biggest funder of efforts to stop Proposition 8 in 2008, donating more than $1 million to the campaign to defeat it.He has supported a campaign to amend the 1978 property tax–capping initiative Proposition 13, on the grounds that it has negatively impacted California's fiscal health, affecting its schools, universities, fire and police departments, and other public institutions. Bohnett has also advocated for the FCC's 2016 proposal to implement open technologies for the current set-top box technologies, which would break the corporate monopoly on cable and satellite companies' high-priced and controlled content of television programming and other video content. Honors
Bohnett's technology business success and his philanthropic efforts have garnered him numerous honors and accolades. These include, among many others:

Number 16 on Times Top 50 Cyber Elite (1998)
Upside magazine's Elite 100 (1998)
Newsweeks "100 People to Watch in the Next Millennium"
Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award for Southern California (1999)
Los Angeles Gay and Lesbian Center's Rand Schrader Award (1999)
Los Angeles Business Journals Technology Leader of

masks:
David Bohn
Bohnett


texts:
 the Year (2000)
ACLU Citizen Advocate Award (2002)
amfAR Award of Courage (2006)
Los Angeles City of Angels Award (2008)
GLSEN's Lifetime Achievement Award (2009)
Honorary doctorate of Humane Letters from Whittier College (2012)
American Jewish Committee Los Angeles' Ira E. Yellin Community Leadership Award (2014)
Brady Bear Award from the Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence (2016)
Los Angeles Business Journals LA 500: The Most Influential People in Los Angeles (2017)

In 2013, Out magazine listed Bohnett as one of the "Seven notables coming up fast" appended to its "Power 50" list. In 2014, Inside Philanthropy listed him as one of the 12 Most Generous Tech Leaders. In 2018, Interesting Engineering listed him in the "27 Most Successful LGBT+ Entrepreneurs, Executives and Opinion Leaders". Earlier in his career, he was invited to the White House by President Bill Clinton as part of his administration's efforts to encourage the development of electronic commerce over the Internet.He was named a Regents' Lecturer at the University of California, Los Angeles for the 1999 to 2000 academic year. Personal life
<mask> lives in Los Angeles, and maintains residences in Manhattan and Southampton, New York. In the Hamptons he is on the advisory council of the non-profit i-Hamptons, a networking organization and hub for entrepreneurs, and is on the advisory board of its project The Spur, a private co-working space and innovation lab with two locations in the Hamptons. From 1983 through Schrader's death in 1993, he lived with fellow activist and openly gay judge Rand Schrader. In the 2000s, he lived for over a decade with entertainment and socio-political commentator and columnist Tom Gregory; they are no longer together. An accomplished bridge player, <mask> achieved Life Master status in 2008 at a national bridge tournament in Las Vegas, Nevada. He is an active outdoor enthusiast, having competed in numerous 5K and 10K races, and the 2008 Breath of Life Ventura Triathlon.Art collection and donations

<mask> is an avid art collector, specializing in modern and contemporary


texts:
 art. His large collection includes works by <mask>, Willem de Kooning, Keith Haring, Donald Judd, Ed Ruscha, Mark DiSuvero, George Rickey, Sam Francis, Agnes Martin, Catherine Opie, Tatsuo Miyajima, Robbie Conal, Lawrence Weiner, and John Chamberlain. According to Bohnett, he is particularly interested in art and artists that reflect social justice, fairness, and equality. He also collects pieces that operate on the intersection between art and technology. He owns one of the rare remaining Enigma machines, the subject of the film The Imitation Game – purchased in part because of his fascination with Alan Turing, who like <mask> was a computer technologist and gay. In 2014, he donated two early-1980s' personal computer systems by Apple and IBM to the Rhode Island Computer Museum. In 2002, he donated Jonathan Borofsky's 1991 sculpture Walking Man to the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles.In 2007, he donated two original Winsor McKay production animation drawings of Gertie the Dinosaur (1914) to the Fales Library at New York University, and a Japanese calligraphy box and letter box to the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA). In 2008 he was one of a consortium of six donors who funded LACMA's acquisition of 46 rare and historic masterworks of the Pacific Islands, and together with Tom Gregory funded LACMA's acquisition of James Turrell's 1966 free-standing work Afrum (White). References

External links
Official Bio
David Bohnett Foundation
Baroda Ventures
<mask> – Profile at Bloomberg Businessweek

One-hour audio interview with <mask> on his life and career (2015)

Philanthropists from Illinois
American computer businesspeople
Internet pioneers
LGBT businesspeople from the United States
LGBT people from Illinois
1956 births
Living people
Ross School of Business alumni
Marshall School of Business alumni
People from Hinsdale, Illinois
Businesspeople from Chicago
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Philanthropists from California
20th-century American businesspeople
21st-century American businesspeople
20th-century American philanthropists
21st-century

masks:
David Hockney
Bohnett
David Bohnett
Bohnett


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Sir <mask> (or Buc) (October 1622) was an English antiquarian, historian, scholar and author, who served as a Member of Parliament, government envoy to Queen Elizabeth I and Master of the Revels to King James I of England. He served in the war against the Spanish Armada in 1588 and on the Cadiz expedition of 1596. He was appointed Esquire of the Body in 1588 and a Member of Parliament for Gatton, Surrey in the 1590s, also acting at times as an envoy for Queen Elizabeth. In 1603, on the accession to the throne of King James I, <mask> was made a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber and knighted. In 1606, he began to license plays for publication. In 1610, he became Master of the Revels, responsible for licensing and supervising plays in Britain, including Shakespeare's later plays, and censoring them with respect to the depiction of religion and politics. <mask>'s writings include a verse work, Daphnis Polystephanos: An Eclog.... (1605), an historical-pastoral poem in celebration of James I's royal ancestors.His treatise "The Third Vniversite of England" (1615) describes the educational facilities in London. His major prose work was The History of King Richard the Third, which he left in rough draft at his death. His great-nephew extensively altered it and finally published it in 1646 as his own work. <mask> defended King Richard III, examining critically the accusations against him. He also discovered and introduced important new historical sources, especially the Croyland Chronicle and the Titulus Regius, which justified Richard's accession to the crown. Early life and career
<mask> was baptised on 1 October 1560 in Holy Trinity, Ely, Cambridgeshire. He was the eldest son and probably second of the four

masks:
George Buck
Buck
Buck
Buck
Buck


texts:
 children of Elizabeth Nunn, née Petterill, of Brandon Ferry, Suffolk, and <mask> (d. 1580), a church official.His great-grandfather, Sir <mask>, was executed after supporting Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field. <mask> was educated by his half-sister's husband, Henry Blaxton, privately and then at Blaxton's school in Chichester. <mask> attended Cambridge University, and by 1580 he had undertaken legal studies in London, finishing at the Middle Temple in 1585. He carried dispatches for the government from France in 1587 and served under his patron the Lord Admiral, Charles Howard of Effingham, against the Spanish Armada in 1588 and on the successful Cadiz expedition of 1596 led by Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, also acting as emissary from its commanders to Queen Elizabeth. He was appointed Esquire of the Body in 1588 and was the Member of Parliament for Gatton, Surrey in the parliaments of 1593 and 1597. He continued to act as an envoy for the queen afterwards, serving on diplomatic missions to Flanders in 1601 and Spain in 1605. Master of the Revels
In 1597, the queen seems to have promised <mask> the reversion (the right to succeed to an office when it next fell vacant) of the office of Master of the Revels.The office was held at the time by <mask>'s relation by marriage, Edmund Tilney. The playwright John Lyly, however, believed that since about 1585 Queen Elizabeth had led him to expect appointment to the post. He was vocal in his distress, writing letters of protest and supplication. The reversion was formally conferred on <mask> in 1603, on the accession to the throne of King James I. Also upon the accession of James I, <mask> was made a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber and knighted. At

masks:
Robert Buck
John Buck
Buck
Buck
Buck
Buck
Buck
Buck


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 the same time, he inherited his aunt's lands in Lincolnshire. In 1606, he began to license plays for publication.The function of the Master of the Revels was to supervise the arrangements for entertainments presented at court, at the various royal residences or wherever the monarch was in attendance, and to censor plays before they were performed in public theatres. <mask> was thus responsible for censoring, among other works, Shakespeare's later plays, and for supervising performances of them and of any earlier Shakespeare plays revived for court performance, which he had to re-censor, due to the regulations added against blasphemy in 1606. <mask> noted on the title page of the play <mask>-a-Greene, the Pinner of Wakefield that he had discussed its authorship with Shakespeare. Censorship was exercised in matters of profanity and in sensitive issues of religion and politics, particularly the portrayal of royalty. Judging from his notes in the two manuscript play scripts that show his hand, The Second Maiden's Tragedy (1611) and John van Olden Barnavelt (1619), <mask> was conscientious and learned, but gentle in his censorship. <mask> wrote a treatise on the "Art of Revels", but the work is lost. He refers to it in another treatise, praising the state of drama in London and writing: "the Art of Reuels ... requireth knowledge in Grammar, Rhetorike, Logicke, Philosophie, Historie, Musick, Mathematikes, & in other Arts ... & hath a setled place within this Cittie.... I haue discribed it, and discoursed thereof at large in a particular commentarie". Scholarly work
<mask> was an historian and minor poet. His main verse work, ΔΑΦΝΙΣ ΠΟΛΥΣΤΕΦΑΝΟΣ (Daphnis Polystephanos): An Eclog Treating of Crownes, and of

masks: Buck Buck George Buck Buck Buck


texts: Garlandes... (1605), an historical-pastoral poem, was written to glorify and celebrate King James I's royal ancestors on the occasion of his coronation. It mentions Richard III favourably "because / All accusations of him are not proued, / And he built churches, and made good law's / And all men held him wise, and valiant", and it concludes that he deserved his royal rank. <mask>'s treatise "The Third Vniversite of England" (1615) describes the educational facilities in London, from cosmetology to law and medicine, including heraldry, poetry, music, athletics and drama, and enumerates the diversity of arts, crafts, culture, wealth and populace of the city. This earned him, in William Maitland's estimate, the place after John Stow as an early historian of London.Among his other works was The Baron, an extensive treatment of the history of English titles and offices, which is not extant, although some of the material he collected for it survives. His only surviving genealogical work, A Commentary Vpon ... Liber Domus DEI, a finished manuscript, describes the history of the families who came to England with William the Conqueror. His major prose work was The History of King Richard the Third, which he completed in 1619 and left in rough draft at his death, and which, in 1731, was burnt around the edges in the Cotton library fire. Before that, the work had suffered more serious damage, coming into the hands of <mask>'s great-nephew, <mask>, who used it as he did others of <mask>'s works: he produced manuscript copies that he dedicated to various patrons from whom he sought advancement, passing them off as his own. Gradually he altered the History, cutting it, making it look like something written in his own

masks:
Buck
Buck
George Buck
Buck


texts: time, rather than earlier, by deleting names of <mask>'s learned contemporaries who had shared sources and viva voce information with him, and altering or deleting documentation of sources, with the details of which, also, his copyist was careless. Finally in 1646 he published a version of the History that was slightly over half the length of the original. A second issue (usually referred to erroneously as a second edition) appeared the next year, leading to the assumption that <mask> invented many of his sources.This damaged <mask>'s scholarly reputation for centuries. The authentic text of <mask>'s History was not published until 1979; the editor, Arthur Kincaid, was able to find all but seven of the hundreds of sources that <mask> had meticulously documented. <mask> originated the pattern adopted by all later defences of Richard III, weighing the evidence impartially and pointing out that suspicion has no weight from a legal point of view. He first summarises Richard's life and reign, then discusses the accusations against him in turn, criticising sources of information about them on the basis of their reasons for bias, referring to original authoritative documents and oral reports. He also discusses the legality of Richard's title and surveys his achievements. <mask> discovered and introduced important new historical sources, such as the Croyland Chronicle and through it the petition in Parliament (Titulus Regius) that declared Edward IV's children illegitimate and justified Richard III's accession to the crown – a document that King Henry VII tried, and almost managed, to suppress. William Camden praised <mask>'s scholarship, calling him "a man learned in letters and who observed much in histories

masks: Buck Buck Buck Buck Buck Buck Buck Buck


texts:
 and shared it with me".Last years and death
The Exchequer delayed, from 1613, in paying wages to <mask> and his Revels Office associates. <mask> became unable to discharge his duties as Master of the Revels by March 1622, was declared insane the following month, and was succeeded in office by Sir John Astley. He died in October of that year, leaving a considerable estate. His "nephew <mask> presented a will, either forged or made after Sir <mask> became insane, designating himself and his son <mask> the heirs". References

Sources
 Baldwin, David (2011). Elizabeth Woodville: Mother of the Princes in the Tower, The History Press
 <mask>, <mask>. The History of King Richard the Third (1619), Gloucester: Alan Sutton, (ed.)Kincaid, Arthur (1979; 2nd edition 1981)
 <mask>, <mask>. "The Third Vniversite of England", printed as an appendix to Stow, John (1615). The Annales or Generall Chronicle of England, London
 Chambers, Edmund (1906). Notes on the History of the Revels Office under the Tudors, London: A. H. Bullen
Chambers, Edmund (1923). The Elizabethan Stage, Oxford: Clarendon Press, vol. 1
 Dutton, Richard (1991). Mastering the Revels: The Regulation and Censorship of English Renaissance Drama, London: Palgrave Macmillan
 Eccles, Mark (1933)."Sir <mask>, Master of the Revels", in Sisson, Charles Jasper. Thomas Lodge and Other Elizabethans, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, pp. 409–506
Maitland, William (2nd ed. 1756). The History and Survey of London, London: Osborne, Shipton & Hodges

1560 births
1622 deaths
16th-century English writers
16th-century male writers
17th-century English writers
17th-century English male writers
English antiquarians
Esquires of the Body
English MPs 1593
English MPs

masks:
Buck
Buck
Stephen Buck
George
George
Buck
George
Buck
George
George Buc


texts:
<mask> "Matty" <mask> (born 15 May 1981) is a British former professional boxer who competed from 2000 to 2013. He held the European welterweight title from 2010 to 2011, and challenged once for the WBC light-middleweight title in the latter year. He is the younger brother of former world champion <mask>, and fought on the undercard of many of Ricky's high-profile fights. Biography
<mask> was born in Stockport, Greater Manchester, England to Ray and Carol. Before becoming a professional boxer, <mask> worked for the family carpet business as a carpet fitter. He and his girlfriend Jenna Coyne have a son named Jack, who was born in 2008 and a daughter named Lola born in 2012. Unlike his brother Ricky, dad Ray, and the majority of his family who are supporters of Manchester City, <mask> supports Manchester United.Amateur
Hatton began boxing at the age of 12, and had 22 amateur contests, winning 18. Professional boxing career
<mask>'s career as a professional boxer began in late 2000 with a point's victory over David White, on the undercard of brother Ricky's fight with Giuseppe Lauri. Hatton was undefeated in his first 13 fights before a point's loss to journeyman David Kirk in 2003. In 2004, Hatton went on to defeat Robert Burton to win the British Central Area welterweight title, and six months later defeated the same man to claim the light middleweight version of the title. British Title
On 20 October 2006, <mask> was disqualified for low blows in the tenth and final round of a British Welterweight title eliminator against Alan Bosworth. Victory may well have given Hatton a shot at the British Welterweight title which was held at the time by Scottish boxer Kevin Anderson. In 2007, Hatton won the IBF International welterweight title by defeating American Frank Houghtaling, and in his next fight defeated Puerto Rican Edwin Vazquez

masks:
Matthew James
Hatton
Ricky Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Matthew
Hatton
Hatton


texts:
 to win the IBF Inter-Continental title.Both fights were held in Las Vegas, Nevada on the undercard of <mask>'s fights with Juan Urango and José Luis Castillo. Commonwealth Title
On 28 May 2008, <mask> lost to Craig Watson on a points decision with scores of 116–112, 117–112 and 118–111 in a challenge for the Commonwealth welterweight championship. The fight was held at the City of Manchester Stadium on the undercard of <mask>'s fight with Juan Lazcano. A short time after his loss to Watson, Hatton decided to leave long-time trainer Billy Graham and his Phoenix Camp Gym. Hatton would go on to be trained at Bobby Rimmer's Boxing Academy based in Stalybridge under the guidance of Lee Beard, who is also assistant trainer to <mask>. Hatton vs. Ben Tackie
Hatton fought former World title challenger Ben Tackie on the undercard of <mask>'s fight with Paul Malignaggi at the MGM Grand, Las Vegas on 22 November 2008. Tackie was defeated by <mask> over 12 rounds in December 2003.<mask> defeated Tackie via a convincing unanimous decision with scores of 98–92, 98–92 and 97–93 in a performance which has been described as the best of his career. <mask> vs. Bami
On 28 March 2009, <mask> defeated Ted Bami via a 6th round stoppage in an eliminator for the IBO welterweight Title. <mask> vs. N'dou
<mask> was scheduled to fight Zab Judah on 19 September 2009 at the MGM Grand arena in a welterweight bout as part of the undercard of the Mayweather-Marquez fight. This fight was postponed due to the main bout being postponed owing to a rib injury to Mayweather. Instead <mask> fought Lovemore N'dou for the IBO Welterweight title at Fenton Manor in Stoke-on-Trent on 13 November 2009, the contest was scored a draw. <mask> vs. Branco
<mask> claimed the vacant European welterweight title with a unanimous points win over Gianluca Branco in Dagenham on 26 March

masks:
Ricky Hatton
Hatton
Ricky Hatton
Ricky Hatton
Ricky Hatton
Matthew Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Hatton


texts:
 2010. Branco, having only lost twice previous to this fight (against Arturo Gatti & Miguel Cotto), came into the fight as Hatton's toughest test to date.Branco caught <mask> with a right hand in the first round which seemed to have him hurt, but <mask> overcame it and went on to claim the decision, allowing him to fully escape older brother Ricky's shadow and become "The European Welterweight Champion Of The World". <mask> vs. Álvarez

In March 2011, <mask> lost to Canelo Álvarez in a bid for the WBC light-middleweight title. The bigger and stronger Alvarez was docked a point in round seven ultimately leading to all three judges scoring the bout at 119–108 in favor of Alvarez. <mask> vs. Brook
In March 2012, <mask> lost to undefeated Kell Brook in an all-British clash at the Motorpoint Arena in Sheffield. The quicker, more technically astute Brook outclassed <mask> over 12 rounds, and won the fight via a Unanimous Decision. <mask> vs. Lomax
In October 2012, <mask> won a 1st-round knockout to journeyman Michael Lomax. It was a comeback bout after his disappointing defeat to Kell Brook, and a determined Hatton took the fight easily.<mask> vs. Van Heerden
In his first fight of the year in February 2013, <mask> lost a unanimous decision to IBO Welterweight champion Chris Van Heerden. The South African outclassed him throughout with a smarter skillset that may have shattered future title hopes for the British boxer. Championships held
 IBF Inter-Continental Welterweight title
 IBF International Welterweight title
 British Central Area Welterweight title
 British Central Area Light-Middleweight title
 European Welterweight title

Professional boxing record

| style="text-align:center;" colspan="8"|43 Wins (17 knockouts, 25 decisions),  7 Losses, 2 Draws
|-
|align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background:

masks: Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton


texts:
<mask> (December 25, 1911 – November 8, 1938), known as The Roudnice Monster, was a Czechoslovak serial killer who killed at least one child and two women around Roudnice nad Labem between 1926 and 1936. Convicted of these crimes and two attempted murders, he was sentenced to death and subsequently executed in 1938. Early years
<mask> was born on December 25, 1911, in Roudnice nad Labem, the youngest of four children. He came from a respected family – his father was a chemist in a sugar factory and his mother a retired kindergarten teacher. <mask>, who suffered from meningitis soon after his premature birth and was physically weak, was doted upon by his mother. His father died when he was still young, prompting his mother to move him and his three siblings to the Slovakian part of the country, where they remained for some time. After returning to Roudnice nad Labem, Štěpánek studied to become a gardener, but never took any work.In contrast to his siblings, <mask> was despised by other residents of his neighborhood due to his odd and disconcerting behavior: besides stealing items such as women's underwear, he also enjoyed dissecting frogs, liked to torture and kill animals, and visited the local cemetery to watch the gravedigger work. <mask> was also known for biting his classmates and relishing in their pain, and in the fifth grade, he is also said to have stabbed a classmate with a knife following an argument. In 1930, he was threatened for up a year in prison for a theft, but his mother prevented it by arranging a psychiatric examination with a friend, who deduced that Štěpánek had mental issues. After the exam, the man also told his mother that the teenager had serious psychological issues and should seek immediate treatment, but <mask>'s mother dismissed his advice. First murder
Štěpánek's first known murder took place in 1926, when he was he still 16. On one occasion when he was left to watch over his sister, Štěpánek was visited by 5-year-old Bedřich

masks:
Svatoslav Štěpánek
Svatoslav Štěpánek
Svatoslav
Svatoslav
Štěpánek
Štěpánek


texts:
 Brožovský, the son of a couple who shared a rented apartment with him. It's unclear what exactly occurred on the day of the murder, but according to Štěpánek, he had become annoyed with Brožovský, luring him to the cellar where he hit him on the head with a hammer multiple times.In order to dispose of the body, he dismembered it and buried it in his garden. He would later be questioned about Brožovský's mysterious disappearance, but claimed to know nothing of it. After some time, the local townsfolk and police alike came to the conclusion that little Bedřich had likely been kidnapped by a gang of gypsies, and with no leads, the case went cold. New crimes

Attempted murders
After an apparent 10-year lull, when he is not known to have committed any crimes, Štěpánek resumed his violent activities on January 10, 1936. On that day, while riding his bicycle around Roudnice nad Labem, he spotted 13-year-old Růžena Jebavá walking home from school. Štěpánek rode up to her, drew out his pistol and shot her in the left shoulder blade, narrowly missing her heart. With Jebavá left writhing on the ground, he rode a little further before suddenly returning, telling her "Here you go", and leaving again.She was found by passers-by and rushed to the hospital, where an early intervention by doctors saved her life. Thirteen days later, 26-year-old Zdeňka Drobná came across <mask>, who was repairing his bicycle on the road, while en route home from visiting her husband in the hospital. When she went past him, <mask> went after her and knocked her into a nearby ditch, whereupon he began swearing at and threatening her. Drobná got up and tried to run away, but Štěpánek caught up with her again and aimed his pistol directly at her heart. She instinctively slapped his hand, causing him to fire a shot into her stomach. Despite successfully injuring his victim and was about to finish her off with an axe, a passing witness scared off Štěpánek. The woman later told the authorities about

masks: Štěpánek Štěpánek


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 the assault, but gave only a partially accurate description of her assailant, describing him as seemingly suffering from smallpox and with a drooping left corner on his mouth, but also giving the wrong colors for his bike and hair.When investigators came to question <mask>, his mother and neighbors provided him with a false alibi, claiming that he had been bed-ridden all day due to contracting influenza. <mask> himself would later admit that he only pretended to be ill, and significantly altered his bike's appearance following these attacks to prevent positive identification. Murders
On April 5, 1936, 40-year-old dairy farmer Františka Třísková disappeared in the early morning while making her regular milk deliveries. When it was discovered that her probable last stop was the Štěpánek residence, whose current sole occupant was Svatoslav due to his mother undergoing surgery in Modra, the local authorities went to question him. Štěpánek denied seeing Třísková on that day, claiming that he had been sleeping and had then going to the evangelical church. He was cleared of suspicion after a friend of Třísková falsely claimed that she had talked to her for several hours, supposedly after she already visited the Štěpáneks' house. In actuality, <mask> shot Třísková in the head while she was pouring milk for him in the kitchen, before dragging the still-living victim to the laundry room and finishing her off with an axe blow to the head.He then ripped her belly open, cutting off her breasts and removing skin from her head, before finally dismembering the corpse into 11 pieces. After washing his clothes, he then wrapped the remains and a milk jug in bags and buried them in his backyard. Following her mother's disappearance, Třísková's daughter was tasked with doing the deliveries, and it is alleged that when she went to the Štěpáneks' house one day, <mask> asked her whether she knew anything new about her mother. When she replied in the negative, Štěpánek supposedly

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texts:
 replied that she'll "see her soon". While she was absent from the house, <mask>'s mother had arranged for her sister, Anna, to make food for him. On May 17, since she was busy, she decided to send in her 20-year-old daughter, Jiřina Šťastná, to deliver the food, explicitly forbidding her from entering the premises. Disregarding her mother's advice, Šťastná entered the house and hand-delivered the food to <mask>, who then proceeded to shoot her in the eye.To make sure she was dead, he then stabbed her in the heart, and then dragged the body to the cellar, where he undressed it, planning to mutilate it later. However, Anna, worried that her daughter still hadn't returned, sent her son to ask for her. Štěpánek claimed that she had left long ago and sent his cousin away, but unconvinced by his claims, Anna went to the house herself. While examining the surroundings, she noticed a bag that her daughter used to carry food in. Knowing that she would never leave without it, she began inspecting it, noticing that it had traces of blood on it, leading to the cellar. She then went down there, where she discovered her daughter's nude body. Bewildered by the discovery, Anna confronted <mask>, who panicked and tried to flee.He managed to escape into the garden and subsequently went to a nearby hill, where he attempted to hang himself from a tree. A passing postmaster noticed this, however, rescuing the young man and then escorting him to the police station. Arrest, confessions and excavations
In the subsequent interrogations, Štěpánek was questioned about what he planned to do with the body, to which he replied that he was curious to see how the breasts of a young woman would look like if they were cut off, and he had intended to dismembered in the bathtub later on. He also revealed that he had written a letter for his aunt, describing how horribly mutilated his cousin's body was but not implicating himself as the killer, which he intended to give it to her and watch her

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 freak out for his own amusement. Aside from this, one detail from <mask>'s testimony, proclaiming that he planned to bury Šťastná's body in the garden "with the others", prompted investigators to begin examining his garden. Eventually, they noticed disturbed soil in one section of the backyard, which they dug out, finding splinters and one empty grave. Following this, the entirety of the house was excavated, and to the investigators' shock, they found another, smaller grave.Digging deeper into <mask>'s history, the investigators realized that this victim was likely little Bedřich Brožovský, who had disappeared ten years ago. Probable murders
Police were skeptical of the 10-year gap from Brožovský's killing to Štěpánek's other murders, so they reopened several cold cases in an effort to examine any possible connections with their detainee. For reference, they used a peculiar map found in <mask>'s room, on which he had marked several places with crosses: one of them was placed in Bohnice, where on August 2, 1932, 28-year-old Mária Zemancová was found stabbed by the road near Troja. She had been stabbed twice, once in the neck and another in the chest, and it appeared that her killer had attempted to cut off her breasts. At the time, <mask> is known to have stayed with a local greengrocer in Prague. At first, he denied any involvement in the murder, but later confessed and attended a reconstruction of the crime scene, pointing out the exact location and minute details, such as the knife's handle breaking, that only the killer would have known. In the middle of the reconstruction, however, he changed his mind and withdrew his confession.Witnesses who had seen Zemancová's killer also couldn't positively identify <mask>, and his own description of the victim was inaccurate. As a result, he was dismissed as a suspect. On October 16, 1932, he was part of a tour group exploring the Červený Kameň Castle near the Slovakian village of Častá. At one point, while he was

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 examining the various medieval torture instruments, he got lost in the company of friend, 15-year-old Marie Riganová. At closing time, the security guards eventually found <mask> wandering around, but Riganová was never found, and remains missing to this day. Trial, conviction and execution
At his trial, <mask> admitted that he committed the murders due to his unnatural fixation on breasts. Prosecutors revealed when he was 17, he had poured hydrochloric acid on his sister's breasts, kept pictures of well-endowed women plastered all over his bed and even took a breast growth product.His sexually sadistic tendencies were also emphasized, including an incident where he injured his nipple by intentionally pricking it on a tree. And to the shock and disgust of the court, they also produced another letter written by Štěpánek, in which he fantasized about being a raped young mother who resorts to killing her hungry child and cutting off her nipples due to her inability to breastfeed him. During the trial proceedings, his mother passed away. In 1938, <mask> <mask> was found guilty of threefold murder and two attempted murders, for which he was sentenced to death. He would submit a request for clemency, but the response was delayed as the country had no sitting president at the time. His request would eventually be denied by the government, and on November 8, 1938, Štěpánek was hanged in the courtyard of the Pankrác Prison. See also
 List of serial killers by country

Bibliography

References

1911 births
1938 deaths
20th-century criminals
Male criminals
Male serial killers
Czechoslovak serial killers
Czechoslovak murderers of children
Czechoslovak people convicted of murder
People convicted of murder by Czechoslovakia
People convicted of attempted murder
People executed by Czechoslovakia by hanging
Executed Czechoslovak people
Executed serial killers
People executed for murder
Violence against women in Europe
People from Roudnice nad Labem
People executed by

masks: Štěpánek Štěpánek Svatoslav Štěpánek


texts:
<mask> (born February 16, 1973) is an American author of young adult fiction. Her published novels include series leading titles such as 13 Little Blue Envelopes, The Name of the Star, Truly Devious, and Suite Scarlett. Among <mask>'s works are collaborative efforts such as Let It Snow, a holiday romance novel of interwoven stories co-written with John Green and Lauren Myracle, and a series of novellas found in New York Times bestselling anthologies The Bane Chronicles, Tales from the Shadowhunter Academy, and Ghosts of the Shadow Market. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Philadelphia and attended an all-girl Catholic preparatory high school. She graduated from the University of Delaware in 1995 with a degree in English. <mask> later worked variously as literary manager of a Philadelphia theater company, a waitress in a theme restaurant, a secretary, a bartender in Piccadilly, and an occasional performer in New York City. She studied both writing and theatrical dramaturgy at Columbia University, where she received her MFA in Writing.Literary career

<mask>'s debut novel The Key to the Golden Firebird was published in May 2004 by HarperTeen. Centered around themes of grief and resilience and set in the suburbs of Philadelphia a year after his passing, the novel depicts three sisters of different age as they individually process and come to understand their father's death, and their paths ahead. The Key to the Golden Firebird entered the market during a resurgence of popular interest in the young adult fiction genre. In 2005, it received starred reviews from both School Library Journal and Booklist. <mask>'s second published novel, The Bermudez Triangle (later reissued as On the Count of Three in

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Maureen Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
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Johnson


texts: 2013), was released in October 2004. Following three high school seniors who have been best friends since childhood— Nina, Avery, and Melanie— two of whom have been dating secretly since the summer, The Bermudez Triangle explores the complexity of relationships and self-identity, from the changing nature of bonds, to the experiences of both platonic love and attraction, and the gifts and difficulties of first romances. It was selected as a Winter 2004 Book Sense Pick, as well as listed for New York Public Library's “Books for the Teen Age 2006”, and the American Library Association’s Popular Paperbacks for Young Adults, GLTBQ list.In August 2005, 13 Little Blue Envelopes was published by HarperTeen. A series, the story follows seventeen-year-old Virginia (Ginny) Blackstone, as she embarks on a journey throughout Europe by following a series of instructions left to her within letters from her beloved, self-proclaimed "Runaway Aunt" Peg, upon notice of her passing. While written in the style of contemporary realistic fiction that much of her earlier work is known for, <mask> herself has said she considers Ginny's adventure to be "a little bit of a fairy tale," and has cited the song "Charmed Life" by Irish artist Neil Hannon of The Divine Comedy for its likeness to the spirit with which the novel was written. The second novel, The Last Little Blue Envelope, was later published in April 2011. Devilish, <mask>'s fourth novel, was published in September 2006. Set in a preparatory school in Rhode Island where "barbed wire keeps the boys out and the ancient nuns keep the girls in," Devilish follows the travails of two senior students, Jane and Allison (Ally), as they experience seemingly supernatural upheavals

masks: Johnson Johnson


texts: within their friendship and school year, culminating in what appears to be a battle for Ally's soul. Marking <mask>'s first full departure from contemporary realistic fiction, Devilish was shortlisted in 2007 for the Andre Norton Award, which celebrates excellence in YA science fiction and fantasy novel writing.In May 2007, Girl at Sea was published by HarperTeen. The novel follows seventeen-year-old Clio Ford's attempts to make the best of being suddenly cast away from her home for the summer in pursuit of a mysterious treasure abroad. Set primarily aboard a pre-owned yacht somewhere amidst the Mediterranean at the behest of her father, it explores Clio's perspective as she struggles with first romantic infatuations, dives at sea among shipwrecks, and navigates a series of new relationships and situations. <mask>'s sixth novel and the beginning of her second series, Suite Scarlett, was published in May 2008. It explores the life of newly fifteen-year-old Scarlett Martin, whose family resides within and personally run the Hopewell hotel. Described as a small “jewel box of a hotel” built at the height of Art Deco style in the heart of Manhattan's Upper East Side, the Hopewell is a local institution in need of both repairs and guests. Scarlett explores family dynamics, coming of age, and some the strange opportunities of New York City for those who find themselves working in and adjacent to the performing arts.Upon her fifteenth birthday, as per Martin family tradition, Scarlett is handed the keys to one of their home's suites, as well as the responsibility of maintaining it and seeing after its guests. Scarlett's struggles to meet the eccentric demands of the Empire Suite's first and apparently now


texts: permanent tenant, Mrs. Amberson, become the basis of much of the experiences of her formative years. Suite Scarlett was selected by the American Library Association for their list Best Books for Young Adults 2009, and received a starred review by Booklist. In May 2009, <mask> contributed her story "The Law of Suspects" to Vacations from Hell, a collection of supernatural tales on the topic of vacations gone awry, along with fellow authors Libba Bray, Cassandra Clare, Claudia Gray, and Sarah Mlynowski. On November 27, 2009, <mask> first became a New York Times bestselling author when Let It Snow: Three Holiday Romances (October 2008, Speak) reached number ten on the Children's Paperback list. A holiday romance novel of interwoven stories co-written with John Green and Lauren Myracle, Let It Snow begins with <mask>'s "The Jubilee Express". The book is currently under adaption to film, with distribution by Netflix set for a November 2019 release.Also in 2009, <mask> worked as a scriptwriter for EA Games, helping develop the Nintendo DS and PSP versions of the Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince video game. In February 2010, <mask>'s eighth book and the second title in the Scarlett series, Scarlett Fever, was published. According to <mask> later in June 2014, a third entry in the Scarlett series was well underway, but no further news has been publicly available since then. At the time of her statement, both titles were receiving their first publication within the U.K. by Hot Key Books, an imprint of Bonnier Group. In September 2010, <mask> contributed her story "The Children of the Revolution" to Zombies vs. Unicorns, edited by Holly Black and Justine Larbalestier. Each of the twelve stories featured in

masks: Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson


texts: Zombies vs. Unicorns aim to make a case for their respective side. Fellow authors in the anthology include Cassandra Clare, Libba Bray, Meg Cabot, Alaya <mask>, Carrie Ryan, Scott Westerfeld, Garth Nix, Kathleen Duey, Margo Lanagan, Naomi Novik, Diana Peterfreund, and Margo Lanagan.The Name of the Star, <mask>'s tenth novel, was published in September 2011. The first of four titles set within the Shades of London series, The Name of the Star follows Louisiana teenager Rory Deveaux as she travels to London to begin boarding school, where she is quickly pulled into the center of a world of paranormal murders that mimic those of Jack the Ripper. In 2012, The Name of the Star was nominated for an Edgar Award for excellence in the category of young adult fiction. The second and third Shades novels, The Madness Underneath and The Shadow Cabinet, were published in February 2013 and February 2015, respectively. A forthcoming novel is confirmed to conclude the series, with a publication date expected to be announced for sometime after January 2020. Meanwhile in 2011, <mask> became the ongoing lead coordinator of LeakyCon's Lit Track programming, the literary focused experience for fans of young adult fiction more broadly. A production of Mischief Management, LeakyCon is the largest regularly held Harry Potter fan convention in North America.Topics of the Lit Track have included the importance of supporting diversity within young adult literature, the experience of writing romance fiction that respects teenaged characters, use of critical thinking in examining the labels we ascribe to particular kinds of fiction, and panels discussing the stories that authors of popular fiction first wrote for themselves in their

masks:
Dawn Johnson
Johnson
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texts: teenage years. In March 2014, <mask> was selected to represent the YA category for World Book Day in the United Kingdom with the first publication of her novella The Boy in the Smoke, a prequel story to the Shades of London series. That August, The Boy in the Smoke was additionally released to an international audience for free through the online reading and story writing platform Wattpad. In November 2014, The Bane Chronicles, an anthology of novellas written with fellow young adult fiction authors Cassandra Clare and Sarah Rees Brennan was first released in hardcover by Margaret K. McElderry Books. Prior to their print release as a collected anthology, each title was initially debuted separately in ebook and downloadable audiobook formats. The Bane Chronicles is set within the same world as Clare's The Mortal Instruments and The Infernal Devices series, with the stated intent being to explore the life of the "enigmatic Magnus Bane," a character of Clare's whose "alluring personality, flamboyant style, and sharp wit..." had become a favorite among fans. <mask>'s principle contributions to the anthology and their first availability are as follows: The Runaway Queen (May 2013), The Rise of the Hotel Dumort (August 2013), The Fall of the Hotel Dumort (October 2013), and The Last Stand of the New York Institute (December 2013, co-written with Clare and Sarah Rees Brennan).The Bane Chronicles has appeared on the New York Times bestsellers list for children's series a number of times, beginning the week of July 7, 2013. In November 2016, Tales from the Shadowhunter Academy, an anthology of novellas written with fellow popular young adult fiction authors Cassandra Clare, Sarah Rees Brennan, and Robin Wasserman


texts: was first released in hardcover by Margaret K. McElderry Books. Prior to their print release as a collected anthology, each title was initially debuted separately in ebook and downloadable audiobook formats. Tales from the Shadowhunter Academy is described as providing an epilogue to Clare's Mortal Instruments series, exploring the experiences of Simon Lewis, who now finds himself stripped of his memories and unsure of his identity but determined to figure it out as his journey continues. <mask>'s principle contributions and their first availability are the stories The Whitechapel Fiend (April 2015) and The Fiery Trial (September 2015). How I Resist: Activism and Hope for a New Generation (Wednesday Books, 2018) is a collection of essays, songs, illustrations, and interviews on the topics of activism and hope, with all author proceeds donated to support the ACLU. Edited by <mask>, and spurred by her concern for helping young readers navigate how they might respond to the political climate in the U.S. post the 2016 presidential election, the anthology features thirty artists of diverse experience sets.Contributors include Junauda Petrus, Jacqueline Woodson, Malinda Lo, Jason Reynolds, Dana Schwartz, Jodi Picoult, Sabaa Tahir, Hebh Jamal, Javier Muñoz, Libba Bray, John Paul Brammer, and more. Truly Devious (Katherine Tegen Books, 2018) is the first in an intended trilogy of mystery novels to follow Stevie Bell, a true crime aficionado set to begin studies at the exclusive yet ideal-minded Ellingham Academy in the remote mountains of Vermont, where she's prepared to put her mind to one primary goal: solving one of the great unsolved crimes of American history. The second novel, The Vanishing Stair, was


texts:
 published January 2019. The third and concluding novel of the trilogy, The Hand on the Wall, was published January 2020. A fourth novel, and the series' first standalone title, The Box in the Woods was released in June 2021. An anticipated but as yet unnamed fifth entry, and the second standalone novel of the series was confirmed by the author in July 2021. Social media presence, advocacy, and activism
<mask> has maintained a personal website about her work and experiences as an author since 2005, with blog entries dating as far back as August of that year.In June 2008, she joined then new micro-blogging platform Twitter as one of its early users, where she has likened her many posts about everything from the news of the day to searching the town of Guildford for a baking pan to the habit she had developed of leaving post-it notes around for others to read while working in theater productions. Book banning
In June 2007, the parent of a student in Bartlesville, Oklahoma, challenged The Bermudez Triangle's presence within the school. The parent went on record saying "I didn’t appreciate that it was there", referring to the book being in the library. "I just don’t think homosexual materials belong in our schools." While book challenges in the U.S. are not uncommon, <mask>'s response upon learning of the issue was to quickly publish a blog post on her website calling for greater transparency in the school system's challenge process. In an attempt to resolve the controversy, the school board did not remove the book but instead placed it in a restricted area of the high school's library. In an interview in January 2008 in retrospect of the situation, <mask> expressed the primary concern that censorship of

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 stories on the basis of a character's identity will adversely effect all children, particularly those who happen to share that given identity.On the school's copy of The Bermudez Triangle ultimately being placed in a restricted area, <mask> stated: "To do so is basically saying to the gay kids, 'There’s something dirty about you.' Anyone who would say that is the true filthmonger." YA for Obama
In September 2008, shortly before the general election, <mask> launched the inclusive political social networking community YA for Obama to support then U.S. Senator Barack Obama's candidacy for President. Intended as a way to help organize support and interest for Obama's campaign among young people and provide safe avenues for them to engage the American political process, YA for Obama used the online community publishing platform Ning, and comprised discussion forums, user-generated content such as videos and photos, and daily blog updates written by popular Young Adult fiction authors. Notable contributors included Judy Blume, Scott Westerfeld, Lauren Myracle, Cecily von Ziegesar, and Megan McCafferty. ShelterBox
In February 2011, in response to the earthquake in Christchurch, New Zealand, <mask> took to Twitter in an effort to raise funds for ShelterBox, an international disaster relief charity established in 2000 in Helston, Cornwall, UK, that provides emergency shelter and other aid items to families around the world who have lost their homes to disaster or conflict.A ShelterBox (the actual aid kit itself) is designed to provide families with stable, lasting shelter and a level of independence after a disaster, and include high quality aid items chosen to best suit to the particular situation at hand. As


texts:
 described by <mask> at the time:

Funds were raised through a general call to action and the giving away of signed ARCs (advance reader copies of books) and other literary materials to donors. The prizes themselves were donated by various authors in support of the aid effort. Donors were asked to make contributions to the charity directly, while sharing a common label so that their total as a group could be tracked. The amount raised was $15,202 USD, enough to fund 16 shelters and supplies. Weeks later, when the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami occurred, <mask> returned to Twitter with fellow authors to attempt to replicate the aid that was raised, this time with the people of Japan and anyone directly affected by the earthquake and tsunami in mind. Almost the same amount of money was raised, totaling $14,202 USD, enough for an additional 14 shelter kits to be deployed to those who needed them.In May, in response to the tornado in Joplin, Missouri, <mask> and fellow authors used the same strategy to raise an additional $4,913.90 USD, with funds split between ShelterBox and the Red Cross. <mask> has continued to advocate publicly via social media for awareness on behalf of ShelterBox at times of disaster and particular need. Other creative projects

VlogBrothers
In January 2010, <mask> was acknowledged as John Green's secret sister on the popular YouTube channel VlogBrothers. With the reveal of this honorary title, <mask> took on the role of creating videos for the channel during his absence to paternity leave. <mask> later reprised the duty after the birth of Green's second child in 2013. Welcome to Night Vale
Since June 2014, <mask> has voiced the character Intern <mask> on the surreal fiction

masks: Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Maureen


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 podcast Welcome to Night Vale, as well as occasionally performed the character live on stage. In June 2016, while in conversation at 92Y in New York, co-creator Joseph Fink explained that the character of Intern <mask> was initially written in the image of <mask>, but quickly killed off, as death is a kind of tradition for most interns of the Night Vale Radio station.<mask>, a vocal fan of the podcast, in turn led a Twitter campaign in protest, leading Fink and Cranor to agree to bring the character back on the condition that <mask> perform the role herself. Intern <mask>'s continued survival has since become an ongoing joke within the stories. <mask> provided the foreword for The Great Glowing Coils of the Universe (Harper Perennial, 2016), a collected volume of early podcast scripts. Says Who? In September 2016, <mask> began co-hosting the podcast Says Who? alongside former Punk Planet editor, journalist, and author Dan Sinker. Self-described as a coping strategy, Says Who?was originally conceived as an eight-week project in which <mask> and Sinker would talk with political experts about how they were surviving news coverage of the 2016 Presidential Election. The podcast has since continued past the results of the election, switching to a biweekly, then weekly, and then, for a time, daily format in which the hosts attempt to humorously discuss the news of the day, and more personally, share how they are coping as citizens both in the current political era as well as the COVID-19 pandemic. Personal life
<mask> lives in New York City. A self-described vegetarian since 1994, she has frequently shared her love for both vegan and vegetarian cooking through blog posts and tweets. "I'm a vegetarian from

masks: Maureen Johnson Johnson Johnson Maureen Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson


texts: Philadelphia, which means I spend my life trying to make a vegetarian steak sandwich." On June 23, 2018, <mask> was married in New York's Central Park at the Ladies Pavilion. The reception was held shortly thereafter at Housing Works, a non-profit bookstore and venue space whose mission is to end the dual crises of homelessness and AIDS.Reflecting upon the experience on Twitter, she wrote "There was no better place to have a party on Pride


texts: <mask> "Bob" <mask> (October 27, 1926 – November 12, 1993) was an American political aide and businessman, best known for his service as White House Chief of Staff to President <mask> and his consequent involvement in the Watergate scandal. Born in California, <mask>man served in the Navy Reserves in World War II and attended UCLA. In 1949, he joined the J. Walter Thompson advertising agency, where he worked for 20 years as a prominent advertising executive in both Los Angeles and New York City. He made a name for himself early in Los Angeles social circles from his work as chairman of the UCLA Alumni Association and a member of the University of California Board of Regents. A long family association with the Republican Party and his own interest drew <mask>man to politics. In the 1950s, he became acquainted with Nixon, for whom he developed both an intense respect and steadfast loyalty. He began as an advance man on President Dwight D. Eisenhower's reelection campaign in 1956, again worked as an advance man on Nixon's 1960 presidential campaign, and managed Nixon's 1962 run for governor of California.When Nixon was elected President in 1968, he selected <mask> as his chief of staff. <mask>man is credited with implementing more significant changes to White House staffing systems and Executive Branch governance and operations than any chief of staff before him or since, and it is the "Haldeman system" that presidential administrations continue to operate on today. His intensity and no-nonsense management style earned him a reputation as a stern taskmaster who expected top-notch performance. After he left the Nixon administration in April 1973, <mask> was tried on counts of perjury, conspiracy, and obstruction of justice for his role in the Watergate cover-up. He was found guilty and imprisoned for 18 months. Upon <mask>man's

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Harry Robbins
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Richard Nixon
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Halde
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 release, he returned to private life and was a successful businessman and real estate developer until his death from cancer in 1993 at the age of 67. Early life and career
<mask> was born in Los Angeles on October 27, 1926, one of three children of socially prominent parents.His father, <mask> <mask>, founded and ran a successful heating and air conditioning supply company, and gave time and financial support to local Republican causes, including the <mask> financial fund that led to the so-called "Fund Crisis" during the 1952 presidential race. His mother, Katherine (née <mask>), was a longtime volunteer with the Salvation Army and other philanthropic organizations. His paternal grandfather, <mask> <mask>, co-founded the Better America Federation of California, The Oz Film Manufacturing Company, and a gentleman's club named The Uplifters. <mask> and his siblings were raised as Christian Scientists. Known to his peers as a "straight arrow", he sported his trademark flat-top haircut from his high school years – a look that he would adopt for most of his life until after his resignation as Chief of Staff – enjoyed discussions of ethics, and achieved the rank of Eagle Scout. He attended Harvard School, an elite boys prep school, during which time he met Joanne "Jo" <mask>, who was attending Marlborough School, an elite, private secondary school which educated women in the 7th to 12th grades. The two married in 1949.During World War II he was in the United States Navy Reserve but did not see active combat. <mask>man attended the University of Redlands and the University of Southern California, then transferred to the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). He received his B.A. from UCLA in 1948, where he was a member of Beta Theta Pi fraternity. At UCLA, he met John Ehrlichman, who became a close friend and colleague in

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Haldeman
Harry Francis
Haldeman
Richard Nixon
Robbins
Harry Marston
Haldeman
Young Haldeman
Horton
Halde