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 family to the attention of thieves, who in 1994 broke into the family home at Sprotborough while they were on holiday.The burglars bound and gagged the housekeeper and made off with money and jewels worth £2.4m – later recovered, but still South Yorkshire's largest armed robbery. In 1998 DFS announced its first drop in profits in 28 years to the London Stock Exchange. In 2000 DFS announced a 79 per cent profit increase. But the revival was short lived, and in light of the continuing prevalence for private equity, <mask> took the chain private again, leveraging his family's own 9.46% stake with £150 million of family funds in an eventual £496 million deal. <mask> told the Yorkshire Post: "It's something that's caused me fitful sleep in the time I've been thinking about it. I've no hobby, this is my hobby – it's what I do. I'm an entrepreneur.It's almost as if I can feel the adrenaline running through my veins." On 23 April 2010, it was announced that DFS had been sold to private equity firm Advent International for a reported £500m. Conservative party donations
<mask> is well known for his donations to the Tory Party which began in the 1980s. By 1996 he had lent the party £4 million in an interest free loan, and in the 1996 New Year Honours was given a knighthood. John Prescott, then in opposition called it "the crudest example yet of honours given for financial services to the Tory Party". <mask> responded that the honour was for his charitable work for The Duke of Edinburgh's Award and the Animal Health Trust. In September 1996 <mask> told The Daily Telegraph that his donations were not "anything at all like that sort of magnitude", and that the £4m had in fact been a loan to the party from his son Michael which was repaid a few weeks later.<mask> gave £200,000 to Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex's Ardent TV company

masks: Kirkham Kirkham Kirkham Kirkham Kirkham Kirkham


type: original

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 in 1994 because he had "a burning desire to succeed". On 23 July 1999, <mask> was made a life peer as Baron <mask>, of Old Cantley in the County of South Yorkshire. He was one of the working peers recommended by then Tory leader William Hague, who had borrowed Kirkham's helicopter for electioneering. <mask> has given modestly to charity, allocating grants totalling £455,000 in 1998/99. Among his charitable donations made mainly via the Graham Kirkham Foundation, <mask> gave £225,000 to help cancer research by Bradford University, had a gallery named after him at the River and Rowing Museum in Henley on Thames, and is also Deputy Patron and a member of the board of Outward Bound trustees. <mask> is also the Chairman of Trustees and a very active supporter of The Duke of Edinburgh's Award (DofE) in the UK. <mask> was appointed Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) in the 2001 Birthday Honours for services to the Duke of Edinburgh's Award and the Outward Bound Trust and Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO) in the 2021 Birthday Honours for services to the Duke of Edinburgh's Award.Personal life
<mask> married Pauline Fisher in 1965. The couple have two children. <mask> has two houses in his native South Yorkshire, one in Cadeby Road, Sprotborough; and Grade II*-listed Georgian mansion Cantley Hall which he bought in 1990 from motor dealer John Carnell. Neighbours have complained about both a wall <mask> built to protect his privacy, as well as the noise from a 1998 fireworks party at which the singer was Elaine Paige. <mask> furnishes his homes using DFS sofas, as well as old master paintings including John Constable's View of the Stour (bought for £6.7m) and Thomas Gainsborough's Peasants Going To Market (bought for £3.5m). In 1997 <mask> lent works by Édouard Manet and Orazio Gentileschi to

masks:
Kirkham
Kirkham
Charity Kirkham
Kirkham
Kirkham
Kirkham
Kirkham
Kirkham
Kirkham
Kirkham
Kirkham


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 the Getty Center in Brentwood, Los Angeles. <mask> has long been interested in dogs, and owns Dalmatians.He has been a Kennel Club member since 1995 and while he owned DFS, it was the main sponsor of Crufts for its show in 2010. He is President of Driffield Agricultural Society and is always present on the last day of the championship dog show to make all the main presentations. With Lord Harris of Peckham, he is co-owner of the "Hello" horses: Hello Sanctos, Hello Mr President, Hello M'Lady, Hello Sailor, Hello Unique and Hello Boyo, which are ridden by Scott Brash. In April 2008, <mask> was involved in an altercation with another motorist in an alleged road rage incident. Charges of assault occasioning actual bodily harm were subsequently brought against him. In court in December 2008, <mask> denied the charges, and claimed that while he was "not proud" of what had happened, it was he who had been the victim of a road rage attack. <mask> was cleared of all charges after a three-day trial.Awards
 1995 – Knighthood
 1995 – Honorary Member of Emmanuel College, Cambridge
 1997 – Honorary Fellow of the Animal Health Trust
 1997 – Honorary Doctorate from Bradford University
 1999 – made a Life Peer as Baron Kirkham
 2001 – CVO
 2004 – Yorkshire Television accolade of "Yorkshire Man of the Year"
 2021 – KCVO

Arms

References

External links

 <mask> at TheyWorkForYou.com
 Present list of Kirkhams interests at the House of Lords register

1944 births
Living people
British manufacturing chief executives
British retail company founders
English adoptees
English company founders
People from Doncaster
English billionaires
English businesspeople
English art collectors
Conservative Party (UK) life peers
Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order
Knights Bachelor
Conservative Party (UK) donors
Manufacturing company

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Kirkham
Kirkham
Kirkham
Kirkham
Lord Kirkham


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<mask> (born 5 June 1995) is a Dutch former amateur boxer. He won a bronze medal at the 2017 European Championships as a heavyweight, and competed at two editions of the World Championships. Amateur career
Before boxing, Korving played association football in the youth systems of CVV Be Fair and VV Waddinxveen. However, a serious injury made him quit football and he eventually started boxing after doing a trial lesson. Korving represented his country in a continental competition for the first time at the 2013 European Youth Championships in Rotterdam. He moved up to the highest age group in amateur boxing, the senior division the following year. The 19-year-old immediately won a gold medal at the German Senior National Championships in the heavyweight class, defeating reigning champion Johan Visscher in the finals.After taking first at a tournament in Helsinki in March 2015, he won another gold two months later at the Algirdas Socikas Tournament in Kaunas, where he impressed by beating European Youth Championship silver medalist Adam Hamori in the semi-finals. He won two fights before falling to Tervel Pulev in the quarter-finals of that year's European Championships. He also participated in his first World Championships in Doha, but was eliminated by the eventual gold medalist, Evgeny Tishchenko, in his second bout. In March 2016, Korving won the prestigious Chemistry


texts: Cup in Germany. After a quick elimination from the 2016 European Olympic Qualification Tournament at the hands of the eventual winner Lawrence Okolie, his last chance at qualifying for the 2016 Summer Olympics was winning the 2016 World Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Baku. He won his first two matches, decisions against Commonwealth Games medalists David Nyika and Efetobor Apochi, respectively, before he was defeated by Julio Castillo in the semi-finals. In 2017, he won a bronze medal at the European Championships in Kharkiv after losing his semi-final bout to Englishman Cheavon Clarke.This qualified him for another appearance at the World Championships five months later, although he lost in his second bout. In 2018, Korving defeated two-time European Championship silver medalist and international teammate Peter Müllenberg in the finals of the Senior National Championships. He repeated this feat the following year, decisioning Kilat Hallie for his fourth consecutive national heavyweight title. He was inducted into the 2018–2019 class of the Waddinxveen Hall of Fame. In April 2019, after 111 official amateur bouts, a 23-year-old Korving suddenly retired from the sport. He cited the difficulty of balancing boxing with his work as a fireman with the Royal Netherlands Air Force at Woensdrecht Air Base, as well as frustration with the NOC*NSF over a lack of financial


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<mask> 陳秀中, The Monkey King (born in Hong Kong on May 6, 1934—February 7, 2020) was the Head of the Tai Shing Pek Kwar Kung Fu. He was the protégé and sole successor of Gan Dak Hoi, of Tai Shing Pek Kwar Kung Fu. Early training
<mask> became a student of Gan Dak Hoi 耿德海 (Geng De Hai) when he was roughly 12 years old and has been practising ever since. Initially he was taught sanshou by Gan, however over time Gan began to teach him Da Sheng Pi Gua. Gan Dak Hoi had learned Pi Gua kung fu from his father, Master Gan Wing 耿榮貴. Gan Dak Hoi later invited <mask> to study kung fu everyday and to help manage his school in Hong Kong. At the age of 16 years <mask> quit his regular school and became a full-time teaching assistant to Gan Dak Hoi at the Hong Kong school.<mask> <mask> also learned Da Sheng Pi Gua from Gan Dak Hoi, who in turn had learned it from its founder Kau Sei (Kou Si) 寇四. Having learned the entire Pi Gua system, Gan Dak Hoi then taught his young protégé all five styles of Da Sheng Kung Fu. As <mask>'s knowledge and expertise in Da Sheng Pi Gua grew Gan Dak Hoi would take him into the mountains outside of Hong Kong for special training in Da Sheng kung fu. This included walking tightropes, scrambling up ropes, rolling around on rocky ground and walking around in a slightly bow legged monkey styled squat until his legs burned. However, not all training included physical exercise as once or twice each week <mask> would go to the Kam Shan Country Park (金山郊野公園) just outside Hong Kong to watch the monkeys play, fight, frolic and generally be themselves. He gradually incorporated their gestures, eye movements, facial expressions and their short sharp burst of speed in his kung fu routines. Opening of first school
<mask> <mask> and three of his batch mates Lam Sy Fun, Hiu Hoi and Chow Sing Fun were selected by Gan Dak Hoi and authorised to

masks:
Chan Sau Chung
Chan Sau Chung
Chan
Chan
Chan Sau
Chung
Chan
Chan
Chan Sau
Chung


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 teach Da Sheng Pi Gua.In 1954, at the age of 22, <mask> <mask> opened his first school in Hong Kong. It had only eleven students nonetheless, <mask> <mask> was determined to continue teaching kung fu, things remained very slow and low-keyed until the late sixties when monkey kung fu burst onto the international scene. Trainer of champions
In 1969, <mask>'s student <mask> Tai won five straight matches to claim the middleweight title in the Southeast Asia Open Martial Arts Tournament. For the next three years <mask> sent a fighter who won his weight class. After having trained four South-east Asian champions, <mask> <mask> retired. Over the years <mask> <mask> has trained many students. Hong Kong Kung Fu Association
<mask>u <mask> established the Hong Kong Kung Fu Association Ltd. in 1977 to better organise the kungfu community in Hong Kong.He was elected as the Chairman in 1978. Under his supervision, the Association gave many charity shows and all receipts from sales tickets were donated to charity institutions. The most significant one was the "Saving Child Sponsoring Schooling" campaign organized by the Hong Kong Wah Kiu Yat Poa. The Malaysian Government sent a Senior Governor to Hong Kong to invite him to give performance charity shows in Malaysia in 1978. He led a group over 30 people and gave shows in 5 cities in Malaysia. <mask> is also the chairman and consultant of the other major kungfu associations in Hong Kong, and he is the Permanent Honorary President & Vice Chairman of the Hong Kong Chinese Martial Arts Association. Da Sheng Pi Gua International Kung Fu Federation
<mask> Sau <mask> formally launched the Da Sheng Pi Gua International Kung Fu Federation in Hong Kong on December 7, 2000.It sought to lend organisation and structure on a worldwide basis, to the teaching of genuine Da Sheng Pi Gua Kung Fu together with this, the

masks:
Chan Sau
Chung
Chan Sau
Chung
Chan
Chan Goon
Chan
Chan Sau
Chung
Chan Sau
Chung
Chan Sa
Chung
Chan
Chan
Chung


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 official Federation website was also launched. The Federation's website offered site visitors a view into the origin, development and evolution of Da Sheng Pi Gua Kung Fu as well the option to learn Da Sheng Pi Gua Kung Fu by taking video courses. These courses were offered at four levels as follows:
 Beginner
 Intermediate
 Advanced and
 Masters. Each level had its own costs and students would be provided with video taped lessons containing the curriculum for that level which included stances, strikes and various forms and were allowed to train at their own pace and at the point where they felt comfortable they were required to make video recording of themselves doing the forms and send these to the Federation for grading and assessment. At the Beginners level the stances and strikes were very basic and the forms were really an introduction to Pi Gua Kung Fu. As each student progressed, the material provided got more advanced and there was a gradual introduction to Da Sheng Kung Fu. It was mandatory that each student go through the natural progression of successfully completing each level, be assessed and if successful, permission would be granted to advance to the next higher level.No skipping of levels was allowed whatsoever. It was at the Advanced level that the student began learning advanced Monkey Forms. The length of time required to complete each level depended on the each student, whether they were practising kung fu prior to commencing the program, how often they trained and how committed they were to the program. The Beginners level was expected to take anywhere from six to eighteen months, Intermediate was expected to last between twelve and thirty months, Advanced was expected to last between eighteen and forty months while at the Masters level the student would be required to train in Vancouver under direct supervision from


texts:
 Master <mask> Leung and Grandmaster <mask> <mask>. The Master's level period of training could take upward of five years prior to successful completion. It is important to again note that no skipping of levels was allowed so no student could enter the program at the Master's level. Bear in mind also that there are five variations taught by the Federation (lost monkey, stone monkey, wooden monkey, tall monkey and the drunken monkey) and that there are upwards of one hundred and twenty-six weapon and empty hand forms.At various levels, approved students were permitted to participate in tournaments as members of the Da Sheng Pi Gua International Kung Fu Federation. Upon successful completion of the Master's level training, students would be graded and where appropriate certified by Grandmaster <mask> <mask> to open their own Da Sheng Pi Gua Kung Fu schools. Together with the video taped lessons, Intermediate level students were initially provided with a book written jointly by <mask> <mask> and his son <mask> Leung, entitled "Essence Of The Monkey". This book gave very detailed insights into the development of Da Sheng Pi Gua Kung Fu and provided information obtained directly from Gan Dak Hoi himself etc. It also provided information on ALL students who were trained by Gan Dak Hoi and which ones were certified to teach Da Sheng Pi Gua Kung Fu. The Federation continues to update this family tree with the modern day students who have mastered all five variations but only those from the lineage previously certified by Gan Dak Hoi. For reasons related to the preservation of information, the Federation came to the conclusion that it had to take down the website and make the "E
essence Of The Monkey" book available to its Advanced and Masters students only.References

Sources

Martial arts school founders
1934 births
2020 deaths
Hong Kong kung fu

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Chan Kai
Chan Sau
Chung
Chan Sau
Chung
Chan Sau
Chung
Chan Kai


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<mask>. (December 9, 1919April 14, 2011) was a Nobel Prize-winning American inorganic and organic chemist working in nuclear magnetic resonance, theoretical chemistry, boron chemistry, and biochemistry. Biography

Overview

<mask> was born in Cleveland, Ohio. His family moved to Lexington, Kentucky in 1920, and he lived there until he received his Bachelor of Science degree in Chemistry at the University of Kentucky in 1941. He went on to earn his Doctor of Philosophy degree in Chemistry from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in 1946. From 1946 to 1959 he taught at the University of Minnesota. From 1959 to 1990 he was a professor of chemistry at Harvard University, where he was a professor emeritus since 1990. <mask> was married to the former Mary Adele Sargent from 1944 to 1983.They had three children, one of whom lived only a few hours. He married Jean Evans in 1983. They had one adopted daughter. <mask> resided in Cambridge, Massachusetts until his death in 2011 from pneumonia. Early years

"My early home environment ... stressed personal responsibility and self reliance. Independence was encouraged especially in the early years when my mother taught music and when my father's medical practice occupied most of his time." In grade school Lipscomb collected animals, insects, pets, rocks, and minerals.Interest in astronomy led him to visitor nights at the Observatory of the University of Kentucky, where Prof. H. H. Downing gave him a copy of Baker's Astronomy. <mask> credits gaining many intuitive physics concepts from this book and from his conversations with

masks:
William Nunn Lipscomb Jr
Lipscomb
Lipscomb
Lipscomb
Lipscomb


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 Downing, who became <mask>'s lifelong friend. The young <mask> participated in other projects, such as Morse-coded messages over wires and crystal radio sets, with five nearby friends who became physicists, physicians, and an engineer. At age of 12,  <mask> was given a small Gilbert chemistry set. He expanded it by ordering apparatus and chemicals from suppliers and by using his father's privilege as a physician to purchase chemicals at the local drugstore at a discount. <mask> made his own fireworks and entertained visitors with color changes, odors, and explosions. His mother questioned his home chemistry hobby only once, when he attempted to isolate a large amount of urea from urine.<mask> credits perusing the large medical texts in his physician father's library and the influence of Linus Pauling years later to his undertaking biochemical studies in his later years. Had <mask> become a physician like his father, he would have been the fourth physician in a row along the <mask> male line. The source for this subsection, except as noted, is <mask>'s autobiographical sketch. Education

<mask>'s high-school chemistry teacher, Frederick Jones, gave Lipscomb his college books on organic, analytical, and general chemistry, and asked only that <mask> take the examinations. During the class lectures, <mask> in the back of the classroom did research that he thought was original (but he later found was not): the preparation of hydrogen from sodium formate (or sodium oxalate) and sodium hydroxide. He took care to include gas analyses and to search for probable side reactions. <mask>

masks: Lipscomb Lipscomb Lipscomb Lipscomb Lipscomb Lipscomb Lipscomb Lipscomb Lipscomb Lipscomb Lipscomb Lipscomb


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 later had a high-school physics course and took first prize in the state contest on that subject.He also became very interested in special relativity. In college at the University of Kentucky <mask> had a music scholarship. He pursued  independent study there, reading Dushman' s Elements of Quantum Mechanics, the University of Pittsburgh Physics Staff's An Outline of Atomic Physics, and Pauling's The Nature of the Chemical Bond and the Structure of Molecules and Crystals. Prof. Robert H. Baker suggested that <mask> research the direct preparation of derivatives of alcohols from dilute aqueous solution without first separating the alcohol and water, which led to <mask>'s first publication. For graduate school <mask> chose Caltech, which offered him a teaching assistantship in Physics at $20/month. He turned down more money from Northwestern University, which offered  a research assistantship at $150/month. Columbia University rejected <mask>'s application in a letter written by Nobel prizewinner Prof. Harold Urey.At Caltech <mask> intended to study theoretical quantum mechanics with Prof. W. V. Houston in the Physics Department, but after one semester switched to the Chemistry Department under the
influence of Prof. Linus Pauling. World War II work divided <mask>'s time in graduate school beyond his other thesis work, as he partly analyzed smoke particle size, but mostly worked with nitroglycerin–nitrocellulose propellants, which involved handling vials of pure nitroglycerin on many occasions. Brief audio clips by <mask> about his war work may be found from the External Links

masks: Lipscomb Lipscomb Lipscomb Lipscomb Lipscomb Lipscomb Lipscomb Lipscomb


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 section at the bottom of this page, past the References. The source for this subsection, except as noted, is <mask>'s autobiographical sketch. Later years

The Colonel is how <mask>'s students referred to him, directly addressing him as Colonel. "His first doctoral student, Murray Vernon King, pinned the label on him, and it was quickly adopted by other students, who wanted to use an appellation that showed informal respect. ... <mask>'s Kentucky origins as the rationale for the designation."Some years later in 1973 <mask> was made a member of the Honorable Order of Kentucky Colonels. <mask>, along with several other Nobel laureates, was a regular presenter at the annual Ig Nobel Awards Ceremony, last doing so (in a wheelchair) on September 30, 2010. Scientific studies

<mask> worked in three main areas, nuclear magnetic resonance and the chemical shift, boron chemistry and the nature of the chemical bond, and large biochemical molecules. These areas overlap in time and share some scientific techniques. In at least the first two of these areas <mask> gave himself a big challenge likely to fail,
and then plotted a course of intermediate goals. Nuclear magnetic resonance and the chemical shift

In this area <mask> proposed that:
"... progress in structure determination, for new polyborane species and for substituted boranes and carboranes, would be greatly accelerated if the [boron-11] nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, rather than X-ray diffraction, could be used." This goal was partially achieved, although X-ray diffraction is still necessary to determine many such atomic


texts:
 structures.The diagram at right shows a typical nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of a borane molecule. <mask> investigated, "... the carboranes, C2B10H12, and the sites of electrophilic attack on these compounds using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This work led to [<mask>'s publication of a comprehensive] theory of chemical shifts. The calculations provided the first accurate values for the constants that describe the behavior of several types of molecules in magnetic or electric fields." Much of this work is summarized in a book by Gareth Eaton and <mask>, NMR Studies of Boron Hydrides and Related Compounds, one of <mask>'s two books. Boron chemistry and the nature of the chemical bond

In this area <mask> originally intended a more ambitious project: "My original intention in the late 1940s was to spend a few years understanding the boranes, and then to discover a systematic valence description of the vast numbers of electron deficient intermetallic compounds. I have made little progress toward this latter objective.Instead, the field of boron chemistry has grown enormously, and a systematic understanding of some of its complexities has now begun." Examples of these intermetallic compounds are KHg13 and Cu5Zn7. Of perhaps 24,000 of such compounds the structures of only 4,000 are known (in 2005) and we cannot predict structures for the others, because we do not sufficiently understand the nature of the chemical bond. This study was not successful, in part because the calculation time required for intermetallic compounds was out of reach in the 1960s,

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Lipscomb
Lipscomb
William Lipscomb
Lipscomb
Lipscomb


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 but intermediate goals involving boron bonding were achieved, sufficient to be awarded a Nobel Prize. The three-center two-electron bond is illustrated in diborane (diagrams at right). In an ordinary covalent bond a pair of electrons bonds two atoms together, one at either end of the bond, the diboare B-H bonds for example at the left and right in the illustrations. In three-center two-electron bond a pair of electrons bonds three atoms (a boron atom at either end and a hydrogen atom in the middle), the diborane B-H-B bonds for example at the top and bottom of the illustrations.<mask>'s group did not propose or discover the three-center two-electron bond,
nor did they develop formulas that give the proposed mechanism. In 1943, Longuet-Higgins, while still an undergraduate at Oxford, was the first to explain
the structure and bonding of the boron hydrides. The paper reporting the work, written with his tutor R. P. Bell,
 also reviews the history of the subject beginning with the work of Dilthey. Shortly after, in 1947 and 1948, experimental spectroscopic work was performed by Price
that confirmed Longuet-Higgins' structure for diborane. The structure was re-confirmed by electron diffraction measurement in 1951 by K. Hedberg and V. Schomaker, with the confirmation of the structure shown in the schemes on this page. <mask> and his graduate students further determined the molecular structure of boranes (compounds of boron and hydrogen) using X-ray crystallography in the 1950s and developed theories to explain their bonds. Later he applied the same methods to related problems,

masks: Lipscomb Lipscomb


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 including the structure of carboranes (compounds of carbon, boron, and hydrogen).Longuet-Higgins
and Roberts
discussed the electronic structure of an icosahedron of boron atoms and of the borides MB6. The mechanism of the three-center two-electron bond was also discussed in a later paper by Longuet-Higgins, and an essentially equivalent mechanism was proposed by Eberhardt, Crawford, and Lipscomb. <mask>'s group also achieved an understanding of it through electron orbital calculations using formulas by Edmiston and Ruedenberg and by Boys. The Eberhardt, Crawford, and Lipscomb paper discussed above  also devised the "styx number" method to catalog certain kinds of boron-hydride bonding configurations. Wandering atoms was a puzzle solved by <mask> in one of his few papers with no co-authors. Compounds of boron and hydrogen tend to form closed cage structures. Sometimes the atoms at the vertices of these cages move substantial distances with respect to each other.The diamond-square-diamond mechanism (diagram at left) was suggested by <mask> to explain this rearrangement of vertices. Following along in the diagram at left for example in the faces shaded in blue,
a pair of triangular faces has a left-right diamond shape. First, the bond common to these adjacent triangles breaks, forming a square,
and then the square collapses back to an up-down diamond shape
by bonding the atoms that were not bonded before. Other researchers have discovered more about these rearrangements. The B10H16 structure (diagram at right) determined by Grimes, Wang, Lewin, and <mask> found a bond directly

masks: Lipscomb Lipscomb Lipscomb Lipscomb


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 between two boron atoms without terminal hydrogens, a feature not previously seen in other boron hydrides. <mask>'s group developed calculation methods, both empirical and from quantum mechanical theory. Calculations by these methods produced accurate Hartree–Fock self-consistent field (SCF) molecular orbitals and were used to study boranes and carboranes.The ethane barrier to rotation (diagram at left) was first calculated accurately by Pitzer and <mask> using the Hartree–Fock (SCF) method. <mask>'s calculations continued to a detailed examination of partial bonding through "... theoretical studies of multicentered chemical bonds including both delocalized and localized molecular orbitals." This included "... proposed molecular orbital descriptions in which the bonding electrons are delocalized over the whole molecule." "<mask> and his coworkers developed the idea of transferability of atomic properties, by which approximate theories for complex molecules are developed from more exact calculations for simpler but chemically related molecules,..."

Subsequent Nobel Prize winner Roald Hoffmann was a doctoral student

in <mask>'s laboratory. Under <mask>'s direction the Extended Hückel method of molecular orbital calculation was developed by Lawrence Lohr and by Roald Hoffmann. This method was later extended by Hoffman. In <mask>'s laboratory this method was reconciled with self-consistent field (SCF) theory by Newton and by Boer.Noted boron chemist M. Frederick Hawthorne conducted early and continuing research with <mask>. Much of this work is summarized in a book by <mask>,

masks: Lipscomb Lipscomb Lipscomb Lipscomb Lipscomb Lipscomb Lipscomb Lipscomb Lipscomb


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 Boron Hydrides, one of <mask>'s two books. The 1976 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to <mask> "for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding". In a way this continued work on the nature of the chemical bond by his doctoral advisor at the California Institute of Technology, Linus Pauling, who was awarded the 1954 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances." The source for about half of this section is <mask>'s Nobel Lecture. Large biological molecule structure and function

<mask>'s later research focused on the atomic structure of proteins, particularly how enzymes work. His group used x-ray diffraction to solve the three-dimensional structure of these proteins to atomic resolution, and then to analyze the atomic detail of how the molecules work.The images below are of Lipscomb's structures from the Protein Data Bank displayed in simplified form with atomic detail suppressed. Proteins are chains of amino acids, and the continuous ribbon shows the trace of the chain with, for example, several amino acids for each turn of a helix. Carboxypeptidase A (left) was the first protein structure from Lipscomb's group. Carboxypeptidase A is a digestive enzyme, a protein that digests other proteins. It is made in the pancreas and transported in inactive form to the intestines where it is activated. Carboxypeptidase A digests by chopping off certain amino acids one-by-one from one end of a protein. The size of this structure was


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 ambitious.Carboxypeptidase A was a much larger molecule than anything solved previously. Aspartate carbamoyltransferase. (right) was the second protein structure from Lipscomb's group. For a copy of DNA to be made, a duplicate set of its nucleotides is required. Aspartate carbamoyltransferase performs a step in building the pyrimidine nucleotides (cytosine and thymidine). Aspartate carbamoyltransferase also ensures that just the right amount of pyrimidine nucleotides is available, as activator and inhibitor molecules attach to aspartate carbamoyltransferase to speed it up and to slow it down. Aspartate carbamoyltransferase is a complex of twelve molecules.Six large catalytic molecules in the interior do the work, and six small regulatory molecules on the outside control how fast the catalytic units work. The size of this structure was ambitious. Aspartate carbamoyltransferase was a much larger molecule than anything solved previously. Leucine aminopeptidase, (left) a little like carboxypeptidase A, chops off certain amino acids one-by-one from one end of a protein or peptide. HaeIII methyltransferase (right)
binds to DNA where it methylates (adds a methy group to)
it. Human interferon beta (left)
is released by lymphocytes in response to pathogens to trigger the immune system. Chorismate mutase (right)
catalyzes (speeds up) the production of the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine.Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (left)
and its inhibitor MB06322 (CS-917)
were studied by Lipscomb's group in a collaboration, which included Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc., acquired by Ligand


texts:
 Pharmaceuticals in 2010, exploring the possibility of finding a treatment for type 2 diabetes, as the MB06322 inhibitor slows the production of sugar by fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. Lipscomb's group also contributed to an understanding of
concanavalin A (low resolution structure),
glucagon, and
carbonic anhydrase (theoretical studies). Subsequent Nobel Prize winner Thomas A. Steitz
was a doctoral student in Lipscomb's laboratory. Under Lipscomb's direction, after the training task of determining the structure of the small molecule methyl ethylene phosphate, Steitz made contributions to determining the atomic structures of carboxypeptidase A

and aspartate carbamoyltransferase. Steitz was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for determining the even larger structure of the large 50S ribosomal subunit, leading to an understanding of possible medical treatments. Subsequent Nobel Prize winner Ada Yonath, who shared the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Thomas A. Steitz and Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, spent some time in Lipscomb's lab where both she and Steitz were inspired to pursue later their own very large structures. This was while she was a postdoctoral student at MIT in 1970.Other results

The mineral lipscombite (picture at right) was named after Professor <mask> by the mineralogist John Gruner who first made it artificially. Low-temperature x-ray diffraction was pioneered in <mask>'s laboratory at about the same time as parallel work in Isadore Fankuchen's laboratory at the then Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn. Lipscomb began by studying compounds of nitrogen,


texts:
 oxygen, fluorine, and other substances that are solid only below liquid nitrogen temperatures, but other advantages eventually made low-temperatures a normal procedure. Keeping the crystal cold during data collection produces a less-blurry 3-D electron-density map because the atoms have less thermal motion. Crystals may yield good data in the x-ray beam longer because x-ray damage may be reduced during data collection and because the solvent may evaporate more slowly, which for example may be important for large biochemical molecules whose crystals often have a high percentage of water. Other important compounds were studied by <mask> and his students. Among these are
hydrazine,
nitric oxide,
metal-dithiolene complexes,
methyl ethylene phosphate,
mercury amides,
(NO)2,
crystalline hydrogen fluoride,
Roussin's black salt,
(PCF3)5,
complexes of cyclo-octatetraene with iron tricarbonyl,
and leurocristine (Vincristine), which is used in several cancer therapies.Positions, awards and honors
 Guggenheim Fellow, 1954
 Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1960. Member of United States National Academy of Sciences
Member of the Faculty Advisory Board of MIT-Harvard Research Journal
 Foreign Member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (1976)
 Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1976)

Five books and published symposia are dedicated to <mask>. A complete list of <mask> Pauling: Video of a talk by <mask>. See especially the "Linus and Me" section. World War 2 research in brief audio clips by <mask>, which include his attempt to save the life of Elizabeth Swingle.

masks: Lipscomb Lipscomb Lipscombus Lipscomb Lipscomb


texts:
 Technical description of the Swingle accident.Scientific Character of W. <mask> Curriculum Vitae, publication list, science humor, Nobel Prize scrapbook, scientific aggression, family stories, portraits, eulogy. 1919 births
2011 deaths
American chemists
American Nobel laureates
California Institute of Technology alumni
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Harvard University faculty
Theoretical chemists
Inorganic chemists
Members of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Nobel laureates in Chemistry
Scientists from Cleveland
People from Lexington, Kentucky
Sayre School alumni
University of Kentucky alumni
University of Minnesota faculty
Deaths from pneumonia in


texts:
<mask> (born April 6, 1981) is an American musician, producer, songwriter, DJ, remixer and mixing engineer. He was best known for his work as the bass player and additional keyboardist, co-producer, mixer and backup vocalist for Cobra Starship until his departure in 2014. He is also the co-founder of This is Ivy League, a band created with fellow Cobra Starship member and high school best friend Ryland Blackinton and now pursues a producer/DJ project as LEFTI. Early life
<mask> was born in Stamford, Connecticut but moved to Boca Raton, Florida when he was young. He was heavily influenced by his older brothers who were into 1980s hair metal and grew up listening to bands from Metallica to Iron Maiden, which inspired him to start playing guitar. During his final years of high school, <mask> founded and provided vocals, drums, bass and guitar for popular Florida band Kite Flying Society. He attended Olympic Heights Community High School where he met friend Ryland Blackinton in 1997, bonding over the fact they were both avid guitar players and both played in local bands with varying degrees of accolade.Suarez got Ryland a job waiting tables at "Mr. Deli's Jewish Delicatessan," in Boca Raton. A few years later, <mask> went off to pursue a degree in the culinary arts while Ryland procured his BFA in Acting. The two lost touch for several years. Suarez chose to bank on a future as a chef. His interest in the kitchen took root his freshman year of High School when he had the limited choice between registering for either Food Production or Sewing. He chose the former and became instantly hooked, sticking with it all four years of high school

masks:
Alex Suarez
Alex Suarez
Suarez
Suarez


texts:
 and capitalized on the school's work program, which allowed students to work in their chosen field in exchange for class credit. He was the only student to complete all four years of Food Production courses.Since he had already decided to attend the Florida Culinary Institute in West Palm Beach. Post-culinary school, he continued his path and landed a couple Sous Chef positions at local restaurants in Winter Park, FL before starting a catering business with a few friends in Orlando - Thyme to Dine - specializing in wine and food pairings. Musical career

Kite Flying Society
This was the first touring project Suarez was part of. Starting in a garage in 1999, the band starting playing local shows. A constant rotation of band members, Kite Flying Society continued with root members <mask> and Rick Barnocky until the end in 2004. They released two EPs and one Discography. Their first EP was released on Goodbye Blue Skies Records, second EP on Twenty Seven Records and the final discography CD on indie label Init Records They did a few East Coast tours and one that brought them to the Midwest.The band ended after Suarez took a break from the constant rotation of changing members to pursue a restaurant career opportunity in South Florida, which fell apart and later brought him to New York to continue pursuing music. This Is Ivy League
<mask> decided to move to Brooklyn after Thyme to Dine ran its course and took a job as a delivery person at Whole Foods Market to save up enough money for his relocation. Two months after living in NY, he reconnected with former high school friend Ryland Blackinton, who was living only ten minutes away.

masks:
Alex Suarez
Suarez


texts:
 After catching up over lunch and learning that each was writing some music, the duo formed This is Ivy League, an indie pop/folk band that often draws comparisons to Simon & Garfunkel and Belle & Sebastian. Just as This is Ivy League started to take flight, <mask> and Blackinton were presented with a contrasting opportunity from Suarez's neighbor at the time, Midtown drummer Rob Hitt to join Cobra Starship. Cobra Starship

<mask> was approached to join Gabe Saporta's newly formed band Cobra Starship before the release of the hit song, "Snakes on a Plane (Bring it)". <mask> and Ryland initially turned down the offer, preferring to stay as Ivy League.The song was featured on the soundtrack for the film Snakes on a Plane and the band was offered a record deal from Pete Wentz's Fueled By Ramen Records imprint, Decaydance. <mask> and Ryland eventually accepted and has contributed to four full-length albums and completed several international tours with Cobra Starship since. On October 21, 2014, both <mask> and Ryland left the band to pursue their own separate careers as record producers/songwriters. They had been replaced for a short period before Cobra Starship was officially ended by frontman Gabe Saporta. LEFTI
LEFTI is a project by producer <mask>, which threads between Disco, House and Funk. He released his first single "Castle" on Laid-back Luke's record label Mix Mash), followed by his debut EP "Somebody", which attributed to the commercial viability of his brand. LEFTI then released eight individual songs spread out across 2017 including singles "City Heart" and "Eyes Tied Together".In 2019, “Every Time" feat. Spencer Ludwig

masks:
Suarez
Suarez
Alex
Suarez
Suarez
Alex Suarez


texts:
 kicked off LEFTI's D I S C O T E C A EP, described by Dancing Astronaut as an “electro-funk heater”, which garnered the attention of major music blogs and Spotify playlists. D I S C O T E C A released soon after on the new Brooklyn disco imprint Toucan Sounds, gaining support from worldwide DJs including Matisse & Sadko, Jonas Blue, Hardwell, Disclosure, Anna Lunoe, Don Diablo, and Claptone. During this three-year span LEFTI also remixed acts ranging from Galantis, Lorde, Weezer, Gallant, CID, Big Data and ASTR. His recent television/movie placements include - Vox Lux (a Natalie Portman film scored by Scott Walker and Sia), The Miracle Season, Disobedience, Set It Up and Midnight Sun, Girlfriends Guide To Divorce, ESPN (live event), Showtimes "Dice", Bloodline, General Hospital, East Siders (two episodes), Vanderpump Rules and MacGyver. Along with these placements, LEFTI landed a few commercial spots including SoundCloud, W Hotels and Hulu. References

1981 births
Living people
Record producers from Connecticut
Songwriters from Connecticut
American DJs
American rock bass guitarists
American male bass guitarists
Cobra Starship members
21st-century American bass guitarists
21st-century American male musicians
American male


texts:
<mask> (; 22 March 1663 – 8 June 1727) was a German Lutheran clergyman, theologian, philanthropist, and Biblical scholar. Biography
Born in Lübeck, <mask> was educated at the Illustrious Gymnasium in Gotha before he studied at the universities of Erfurt and Kiel — where he came under the influence of the pietist Christian Kortholt — and finally Leipzig. During his student career he made a special study of Hebrew and Greek; and in order to learn Hebrew more thoroughly, he for some time put himself under the instructions of Ezra Edzardi at Hamburg. He graduated at Leipzig, where in 1685 he became a Privatdozent. A year later, by the help of his friend P. Anton, and with the approval and encouragement of Philipp Jakob Spener, he founded the Collegium Philobiblicum, at which a number of graduates met regularly for the systematic study of the Bible, philologically and practically. He next spent some months at Lüneburg as assistant or curate to the learned superintendent, K. H. Sandhagen, and there his religious beliefs deepened. On leaving Lüneburg he spent some time in Hamburg, where he became a teacher in a private school, and made the acquaintance of Nikolaus Lange.After a long visit to Spener, at that time a court preacher in Dresden, <mask> returned to Leipzig in the spring of 1689, and began to give Bible lectures of an exegetical and practical kind, at the same time resuming the Collegium Philobiblicum of earlier days. He soon became popular as a lecturer; but the peculiarities of his teaching almost immediately aroused a violent opposition on the part of the university authorities; and before the end of the year he was interdicted from lecturing on the ground of his alleged pietism. That was how <mask>'s name first came to be publicly associated with that of Spener, and with pietism. Prohibited from lecturing in Leipzig, <mask> in 1690 found work at Erfurt as "deacon" of one of the city churches. Here his evangelistic fervour attracted multitudes to his

masks:
August Hermann Francke
Francke
Francke
Francke
Francke


texts: preaching, including Roman Catholics, but at the same time excited the anger of his opponents; and the result of their opposition was that after a ministry of fifteen months he was commanded by the civil authorities (27 September 1691) to leave Erfurt within forty-eight hours. That same year Spener was expelled from Dresden. In December, through Spener's influence, <mask> accepted an invitation to fill the chair of Greek and oriental languages in the new University of Halle, which was at that time being organized by the elector Frederick III of Brandenburg; and at the same time, the chair having no salary attached to it, he was appointed pastor of Glaucha in the immediate neighbourhood of the town.He afterwards became professor of theology. Here, for the remaining thirty-six years of his life, he discharged the twofold office of pastor and professor with energy and success. At the very outset of his labours, he had been profoundly impressed with a sense of his responsibility towards the numerous outcast children who were growing up around him in ignorance and crime. After a number of tentative plans, he resolved in 1695 to institute what is often called a "ragged school," supported by public charity. A single room was at first sufficient, but within a year it was found necessary to purchase a house, to which another was added in 1697. In 1698, there were 100 orphans under his charge to be clothed and fed, besides 500 children who were taught as day scholars. The schools grew in importance and were later known as the Franckesche Stiftungen.The education given was strictly religious. Hebrew was included, while the Greek and Latin classics were neglected; the Homilies of Macarius took the place of Thucydides. A chemist, whom Francke had visited on his deathbed, bequeathed to him the recipe for compounding certain medicines, which afterwards yielded an annual income of more than $20,000, and made the institution independent. Shortly after its founding, the


texts:
 institution comprised an orphan asylum, a Latin school, a German (or burgher) school, and a seminary for training teachers for these establishments. Although <mask>'s principal aim was religious instruction, he also taught natural science and physical exercises and manual trades. He ran an apothecary's shop and, having assisted his friend Carl Hildebrand von Canstein in founding the first modern Bible society, a printing press for publishing cheap copies of the Bible for mass distribution. At the time of <mask>'s death, the schools were frequented by more than 2,300 pupils.<mask>'s schools provided a prototype which greatly influenced later German education. In his university teaching as well, he gave great emphasis to religion. Even as professor of Greek, he had given great prominence in his lectures to the study of the Scriptures; but he found a much more congenial sphere when, in 1698, he was appointed to the chair of theology. Yet his first courses of lectures in that department were readings and expositions of the Old and New Testament; and to this, as also to hermeneutics, he always attached special importance, believing that for theology a sound exegesis was the one indispensable requisite. "Theologus nascitur in scripturis," he used to say; but during his occupancy of the theological chair he lectured at various times upon other branches of theology also. Amongst his colleagues were Paul Anton, Joachim J. Breithaupt,  Joachim Lange and Johann Juncker—men who shared his beliefs. Through their influence upon the students, Halle became a centre from which pietism became very widely diffused over Germany.Under <mask>'s influence, Christian missionary efforts were greatly enhanced, zeal was aroused and recruits for Christian missions were gained, and Halle also became the centre for Danish-Halle Mission to India. Works
<mask>'s principal contributions to theological literature were:  (1693);  (1717);  (1724); and  (1726-1736). The Manuductio was

masks: Francke Francke Francke Francke Francke


texts:
 translated into English in 1813, under the title A Guide to the Reading and Study of the Holy Scriptures. An account of his orphanage, entitled , (1709), which subsequently passed through several editions, has also been partially translated, under the title The Footsteps of Divine Providence, or, The Bountiful Hand of Heaven Defraying the Expenses of Faith. Francke, <mask> (1704): <mask> Franckes Schrift über eine Reform des Erziehungs- und Bildungswesens als Ausgangspunkt einer geistlichen und sozialen Neuordnung der Evangelischen Kirche des 18. Jahrhunderts: der Grosse Aufsatz. Mit einer quellenkundlichen Einführung.Hrsg. v. Otto Podczeck. Berlin. Akademie 1962. Notes

References

 . Brigitte Klosterberg: "The “Mission Archives” in the Archives of the Francke Foundations in Halle." in: MIDA Archival Reflexicon (2020), ISSN 2628-5029, 9 pp.Attribution

Further reading
Sattler, Gary R. (1982). God's Glory, Neighbor's Good: A brief introduction to the life and writings of <mask> <mask>. Chicago: Covenant Press. .
Yoder, Peter James (2021). Pietism and the Sacraments: The Life and Theology of <mask> <mask>. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. . External links

 <mask> Francke Christ the sum and substance of all the Holy Scriptures, in the Old and New Testament Published 1732
 <mask> Francke Nicodemus, or, A treatise against the fear of man Published 1831
<mask> Francke A guide to the reading and study of the Holy Scriptures Published 1823
Heinrich Ernst Ferdinand Guericke, 1803-1878 Life of <mask> Franke Published 1847
Memoirs of <mask> Francke by American Sunday-School Union 1831

1663 births
1727 deaths
Clergy from Lübeck
German Lutheran theologians
17th-century Latin-language writers
18th-century Latin-language writers
18th-century German male writers
17th-century Lutherans
18th-century Lutherans
Christian Hebraists
People from the Duchy of Magdeburg
18th-century German Protestant theologians
German male non-fiction writers
Georgia

masks:
August Hermann
August Hermann
August Hermann
Francke
August Hermann
Francke
Augustus Hermann
Augustus Hermann
Augustus Hermann
Augustus Herman
Augustus Hermann


texts:
<mask>, 12th Duke of Manchester (Kimbolton Castle, 9 October 1938 – 25 July 2002), was a British hereditary peer. He inherited the Dukedom of Manchester in 1985 and was a member of the House of Lords until the House of Lords Act 1999. Until he inherited the dukedom, he was known by the courtesy title of <mask>. <mask> grew up in Britain, Ceylon and Kenya. After serving in the Royal Marines, he lived for some years in Australia from 1959 and had a number of jobs. He returned to England in the late 1960s. During middle age, he suffered from financial hardship and fell victim to a number of confidence tricks for which he took the blame.He was known for his friendly and outgoing personality, and his few speeches in the House of Lords were viewed positively. Early life
Lord <mask> was born on 9 October 1938 in the family seat of Kimbolton Castle near Bedford, the younger son of Viscount Mandeville, who in February 1947 became Duke of Manchester, by his marriage to Nell Vere Stead. His older brother was the future Sidney Montagu, 11th Duke of Manchester. Their parents moved frequently during their childhood, including spending time in Singapore and Ceylon, with a period of living in a convent in the latter. Lord <mask> did not enjoy his time there, later saying the nuns "weren't very pleasant people". In 1950, Lord <mask> joined his father, the 10th Duke, in Kenya for a short period after Kimbolton was sold. He had a good relationship with his mother, who enjoyed looking after young children, and was spoiled as a result.He attended the local school in Kenya, but was bullied and stopped going, and consequently had no regular formal education until he was eleven. He was later educated as a boarder at Trearddur House, Trearddur Bay, Anglesey, a prep school, and Gordonstoun School, Moray, Scotland, returning to Kenya each summer to spend time with his family. He left school in 1956 without any qualifications and began service in the Royal Marines, joining HMS Loch Fyne in January 1957.

masks:
Angus Charles Drogo Montagu
Lord Angus Montagu
Angus
Angus Montagu
Angus
Angus


texts:
 He was the only public-school educated man on the ship and did not get on well with his fellow recruits. Upon discharge, Lord <mask> had jobs in the oil industry and in tourist-related activities across the United States. He moved to Australia in 1959 and was variously employed as a clothes salesman, a barman, and a crocodile wrestler. He later spent time in Canada and by 1968 had moved into a single room in Bedford, England, near Kimbolton.The 10th Duke's business ventures in Kenya failed, reducing the family fortune from millions to £70,000 by time of his death in 1977. Becoming Duke of Manchester
On 3 June 1985, Lord <mask>'s older brother, the 11th Duke, who had no children, died suddenly in the United States, so that he inherited his titles and seat in the House of Lords, but little else. He had had a fraught relationship with his elder brother, whose remaining property passed to his widow, Andrea, Duchess of Manchester. On her death in 1996, she left everything she had to her eldest child, the 11th Duke's stepson. As a hereditary peer, the new Duke was able to take a seat in the Lords, but he did not make his maiden speech there until 25 November 1991, in a debate on the European Union. The speech was only three minutes long; it was praised for its brevity and succinctness by other peers, including Viscount Tonypandy. The Duke also raised questions about redundancies in the Armed Forces with the Leader of the House of Lords, Viscount Cranborne.Criminal charges
By the 1980s, Lord <mask> had little money and no profession, and his warm personality made him vulnerable to fraudsters and confidence tricksters. In 1985, Lord <mask> was arrested for conspiracy to commit fraud against the National Westminster Bank (NatWest) for £38,000. He inherited the title of Duke of Manchester while awaiting trial. He was acquitted, after the trial judge had found him to lack the competence and intelligence to conduct and organise such a raid and considered he had been set up by others to

masks: Angus Angus Angus Angus


texts:
 take the blame. In the judge's words, "on a business scale of one to ten, the Duke is one or less, and even that flatters him". In 1991, the Duke became honorary chairman of the Tampa Bay Lightning ice hockey team, pledging to raise $25 million. He was also chairman of a holding company based in Dublin, Link International, which was responsible for raising the money.The company failed, unable to pay significant debts, and in 1996 the Duke was convicted of fraud. At the trial, his defence lawyer argued that he was the victim of a confidence trick by a business partner, and that the Duke had been made use of because of his gullibility, vanity, and foolishness. He was jailed for 33 months and served 28, following which he was deported back to Britain. Other work
The Duke was good friends with celebrity photographer Allan Warren. Together, they established the Duke's Trust, a charity for children in need. Towards the end of his life, the Duke set up the company Unique Tours, to show American tourists places such as Stratford Upon Avon. He found that customers liked meeting a genuine English peer.Family

<mask> was married four times:
 On 22 November 1961 in Geelong, County of Grant, Victoria, Australia, he married Mary Eveleen McClure (1937/1938), a newspaper columnist, daughter of Walter Gillespie McClure, who had been a director of General Motors Holden, and Beatrice Evelyn Stinton. They had three children (see below). <mask> and Mary were separated in 1965 and divorced in 1970; she continued to style herself Duchess of Manchester. <mask> walked out on Mary days after the latter birth, and did not have a proper relationship with his daughter Emma until 20 years later, when he regained contact with her and her brother Kimble. <mask> remained distant from Alexander, and attempted to bar him from inheriting the title of Duke of Manchester. Emma briefly lived with <mask> in his Bedford flat in the early 1990s. Issue from the first marriage:
 (1) Lord Alexander Charles David Drogo

masks:
Angus Montagu
Angus
Angus
Angus
Angus


texts:
 Montagu (born 1962)
 (2) Lord Kimble William Drogo Montagu (born October 1964)
 (3) Lady Emma Montagu (September 1965 – 29 April 2014)
 On 5 March 1971, <mask> married Diane Pauline Plimsaul of Wimborne, Dorset, daughter of Arthur Plimsaul of Corfe Mullen.They were divorced in 1985, after Montagu had inherited the dukedom, and his second wife is now Diane, Duchess of Manchester. On 27 January 1989, Manchester married Anne-Louise Taylor (known as Louise), formerly Mrs Bird, daughter of Dr. Alfred Butler Taylor of Cawthorne, Yorkshire. They were divorced in 1998, following his incarceration. She is now Anne-Louise, Duchess of Manchester. At the time of the Duke's death, he was attempting to reconcile with Louise. On 22 April 2000, at the Swedish Church, Mayfair, in London, the Duke of Manchester married the former fashion model Biba Hiller (born Jennians on 3 February 1942), but they were divorced the following year. Biba, Duchess of Manchester, died of cancer aged 61 on 11 October 2003.<mask> had been a close friend with Jane Probyn (now Jane Bishop) and they were briefly informally engaged around 1960. They remained friends for the rest of his life. Death
The Duke died of a heart attack at home on 25 July 2002, aged 63. At the time of his death, his estate had a net deficiency, and he weighed over . His funeral took place at Bedford Crematorium on 5 August, with his children Kimble and Emma, and ex-wives Diane and Louise in attendance. The House of Lords Act 1999 largely abolished the rights of hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords with some limited exceptions; the <mask> of <mask> was not among them. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Alexander.References
Notes

Citations

Sources

External links

1938 births
2002 deaths
English fraudsters
English philanthropists
<mask>, 12th Duke of Manchester
Angus
British people imprisoned abroad
20th-century Royal Marines personnel
People educated at Gordonstoun
20th-century English criminals
20th-century English

masks:
Angus
Angus
Duke
Manchester
Angus Montagu


texts:
<mask> (or Dunstable,  – 24 December 1453) was an English composer who was the leading composer of 15th century England and among the most influential composers of his time. He developed the contenance angloise style ("English manner"), which pioneered the prominent use of harmonies with thirds and sixths. Crucial in the developing style of the Burgundian School, <mask>'s music spans the transition from the medieval to the Renaissance periods. His reputation eclipsed that of his contemporary Leonel Power and the other contributors to the Old Hall Manuscript. The contenance angloise style was continued by <mask> and Walter Frye after his death. Name
The spelling "Dunstaple" is preferred by Margaret Bent, since it occurs in more than twice as many musical attributions as that of "Dunstable". The few English musical sources are equally divided between "b" and "p"; however, the contemporary non-musical sources, including those with a claim to a direct association with the composer, spell his name with a "p." Both spellings remain in common usage.Life

<mask> was probably born in Dunstable, Bedfordshire. His birth date is a conjecture based on his earliest surviving works (from around 1410–1420) which imply a birth date of around 1390. Many of the details of his life are conjectural. Nothing is known of his musical training and background. He was clearly a highly educated man, though there is no record of an association with either Oxford or Cambridge universities. He is widely held to have been in the royal service of <mask> of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, the fourth son of Henry IV and brother of Henry V. As such he may have stayed in France for some time, since the duke was Regent of France from 1423 to 1429, and then Governor of Normandy from 1429 to his death in 1435. He owned property in Normandy, and also in Cambridgeshire, Essex and London, according to tax records of

masks:
John Dunstaple
Dunstaple
John Hothby
Dunstaple
John


texts:
 1436.After the death in 1437 of another patron, the Dowager Queen Joan, he evidently was in the service of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, the fifth son of Henry IV. Unlike many composers of the time, he was probably not a cleric, though there are links with St Albans Abbey (see below); he was probably married, based on the record of women sharing his name in his parish, and he also owned a manor in Hertfordshire. In addition to his work as a composer, he had a contemporary reputation as an astronomer, astrologer, and mathematician (for example, a volume in the Bodleian Library, largely in the hand of William Worcester, acknowledges that certain information within it had been copied from Dunstaple's writings). Some of his astrological works have survived in manuscript, possibly in his own hand. Dunstaple's connections with St Albans Abbey are at least twofold:
the abbot <mask>e is associated with the Duke of Gloucester (who was buried at St Albans following his death in 1447), and Dunstaple's isorhythmic motet Albanus roseo rutilat, possibly with some of the Latin words adapted by Whethamstede from an older poem, was clearly written for St Albans, possibly for a visit to the abbey by the Duke of Bedford in 1426. Whethamstede's plan for a magnificent library for the abbey in 1452–53 included a set of twelve stained glass windows devoted to the various branches of learning. Dunstaple is clearly, if indirectly, referred to in some of the verses the abbot composed for each window, not only music but also astronomy, medicine, and astrology.He died on Christmas Eve 1453, as recorded in his epitaph, which was in the church of St Stephen Walbrook in London (until it was destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666). This was also his burial place. The epitaph—stating that he had "secret knowledge of the stars"—had been recorded in the early 17th century, and was reinstated in the church in 1904.


texts:
 Compositions
The musical output of medieval England was prodigious, yet almost all music manuscripts were destroyed during the English Reformation, particularly as a result of the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1536–1540. As a result, most of <mask>'s work has had to be recovered from continental sources (predominantly those from northern Italy and the southern Alps). Because numerous copies of his works have been found in Italian and German manuscripts, his fame must have been widespread. Two problems face musicologists of the 15th century: first, determining which of the many surviving anonymous works were written by which composers and, second, unraveling conflicting attributions.This is made even more difficult for English composers such as Dunstaple: scribes in England frequently copied music without any ascription, rendering it immediately anonymous; and, while continental scribes were more assiduous in this regard, many works published in Dunstaple's name have other, potentially equally valid, attributions in different sources to other composers, including Gilles Binchois, <mask> and, Leonel Power. Of the works attributed to him only about fifty survive, among which are two complete masses, three sets of connected mass sections, fourteen individual mass sections, twelve complete isorhythmic motets (including the famous one which combines the hymn Veni creator spiritus and the sequence Veni sancte spiritus, and the less well-known Albanus roseo rutilat mentioned above), as well as twenty-seven separate settings of various liturgical texts, including three Magnificats and seven settings of Marian antiphons, such as Alma redemptoris Mater and Salve Regina, Mater misericordiae. Dunstaple was one of the first to compose masses using a single melody as cantus firmus. A good example of this technique is his Missa Rex seculorum. He is believed to have written secular music, but

masks:
Dunstaple
John Forest


texts:
 no songs in the vernacular can be attributed to him with any degree of certainty: although the French-texted rondeau Puisque m’amour is attributed to Dunstaple in two sources and there is no reason to doubt his authorship, the ballade remained the more favoured form for English secular song at this time and there is limited opportunity for comparison with the rest of his output. The popular melody "O rosa bella", once thought to be by Dunstaple, is now attributed to <mask>am (or Bedingham). Yet, because so much of the surviving 15th-century repertory of English carols is anonymous, and Dunstaple is known to have written many, most scholars consider it highly likely—for stylistic as well as statistical reasons—that some of the anonymous carols from this time are actually by Dunstaple.Influence
Dunstaple's influence on the continent's musical vocabulary was enormous, particularly considering the relative paucity of his (attributable) works. He was recognized for possessing something never heard before in music of the Burgundian School: la contenance angloise ("the English countenance"), a term used by the poet Martin le Franc in his Le Champion des Dames. Le Franc added that the style influenced Dufay and Binchois—high praise indeed. Writing a few decades later in about 1476, the Flemish composer and music theorist Tinctoris reaffirmed the powerful influence Dunstaple had, stressing the "new art" that Dunstaple had inspired. Tinctoris hailed Dunstaple as the fons et origo of the style, its "wellspring and origin." The contenance angloise, while not defined by Martin le Franc, was probably a reference to Dunstaple's stylistic trait of using full triadic harmony, along with a liking for the interval of the third. Assuming that he had been on the continent with the Duke of Bedford, Dunstaple would have been introduced to French fauxbourdon; borrowing some of the sonorities, he created


texts:
 elegant harmonies in his own music using thirds and sixths.Taken together, these are seen as defining characteristics of early Renaissance music, and both Le Franc's and Tinctoris's comments suggest that many of these traits may have originated in England, taking root in the Burgundian School around the middle of the century. Recordings
1982 – <mask> – Motets, Hilliard Ensemble, dir. Paul Hillier EMI Reflexe 1467031, reissued with music of Leonel Power, on Veritas x2 50999 6 02493 2 6. 1996 – Dunstaple: Sacred Works, Orlando Consort. Metronome METCD1009. 2003 – Canticum Canticorum. In Praise of Love: The Song of Songs in the Renaissance.Capilla Flamenca. Eufoda 1359. Contains a recording of Quam pulchra es by <mask>able
2005 – <mask> – Sweet Harmony – Masses and Motets, recorded by Tonus Peregrinus for the Naxos label. 2012 – O rosa bella, Ave maris stella and Quam pulchra es by <mask>le have been recorded by the Lumina Vocal Ensemble

References

Sources

Further reading
Stanley Boorman, <mask>. Emerson, David Hiley, David Fallows, Thomas B. Payne, Elizabeth Aubrey, Lorenz Welker, Manuel Pedro Ferreira, Ernest H. Sanders, Peter M. Lefferts, Ursula Günther, Gilbert Reaney, Kurt von Fischer, Gianluca D’Agostino, Charles Hamm, Jerry Call, and Herbert Kellman. "Sources, MS." In Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online, http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/50158pg28 (accessed December 29, 2008). Margaret Bent: "Dunstaple", Oxford Studies of Composers.London, Oxford University Press, 1981;
Margaret Bent: "<mask> [Dunstable], <mask> (d. 1453), composer", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (subscription access)

External links

 <mask>aple Web Presentation
 An incomplete discography

People from Dunstable
English classical composers
Renaissance composers
15th-century English people
1390 births
1453 deaths
Burials at St Stephen Walbrook
English male

masks:
John Dunstable
John Dunst
John Dunstable
John Dunstap
John A
Dunstaple
John
John Dunst


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<mask> (born November 26, 1938) is an American feminist, academic, and activist. She served as president of the National Organization for Women (NOW) from 1982 to 1985, which is the largest feminist organization in the United States; prior to this she was an English professor. <mask> also serves as an honorary board member of the Veteran Feminists of America, whose headquarters are in Phoenix, Arizona. Early childhood and education
Judith Ann Becker was born in November 26, 1938, in Manitowoc, Wisconsin. Her father did not provide for the family and leaving her mother and five siblings to take care of themselves. After her parents divorced, her mother worked in a factory for twenty-five years to support the family, while only having an 8th grade education. The Becker's grew up very poor and for a time lived in a re-converted chicken coop with no running water and an old wooden stove.After completing high school in 1957, Becker received a scholarship that provided the funds to attend the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point. Becker was originally a music major singing and playing the piano, however she was passionate about literature and language so she graduated with a bachelor's degree in English. As a student at the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, <mask> met and married <mask> and later had a daughter named Rachel. <mask> also received a master's degree from the State University of New York at Buffalo. National Organization for Women

Career
When <mask> went into the job market in 1950, there were numerous ads for men and minimal for women, putting women at a significant disadvantage for employment opportunities. The ads, described by <mask>, were geared towards women that read: "Needed: Attractive, Woman, Receptionist" for

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Judy Goldsmith
Goldsmith
Judy Becker
Dick Goldsmith
Judy Goldsmith
Judy
Judy


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 example. <mask> began her career as a college English professor at the University of Wisconsin and then became involved in NOW shortly thereafter.She and her sister became involved in NOW together in 1974, after being invited by a friend to attend. After a few months of being involved, <mask> was elected president of the Manitowoc County chapter in Wisconsin, which went on to become the first statewide NOW organization. <mask> played a large role in the development of the state chapter and was later elected to be president of the state chapter. Fifteen years later she became a national leader of NOW and moved to Washington, D.C. In 1982, while <mask> was head of NOW, the organization succeeded in increasing the number of women serving in state legislatures. <mask> advocated a more partisan direction for the formerly more inclusive NOW and adopted liberal positions on issues such as Reaganomics. During the same year, NOW controversially endorsed Frank Lautenberg, the male Democratic Senate opponent of New Jersey's Republican feminist Congresswoman, Millicent Fenwick, due to Fenwick's support of Reagan's economic agenda despite her pro-women's rights stances.Lautenberg defeated Fenwick by a narrow margin. <mask> believed that much discrimination had roots in economics and survival issues. During her tenure she also worked with Coretta Scott-King on the 1983 march commemorating the 20th anniversary of the historic "March on Washington" by Martin Luther King, Jr.

Smeal v Goldsmith
Eleanor Smeal was <mask>'s predecessor as NOW president as well as her mentor. Smeal supported <mask> during the 1982 election, partly because Smeal was not eligible for reelection herself. Smeal unofficially backed <mask>'s entire slate, the goal being to endorse

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Goldsmith
Judy
Judy
Goldsmith
Goldsmith
Goldsmith
Judy Goldsmith
Goldsmith
Goldsmith


texts: and hopefully continue Smeal's policies. An article from 1982 in the Washington Post credits <mask>'s win "as an affirmation of the policies that built NOW into the nation's foremost voice on women's rights, despite the group's inability last year (1981) to win ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment" under Smeal's lead. Two others from <mask>'s slate, Alice Chapman and Mary Jean Collins, were elected both with Smeal's unofficial backing.However, the other positions within the organization were not all filled by the slate that <mask> headed, which therefore made it unclear how the voting delegates felt about Smeal's past leadership, as the executive vice president was won by an independent, attorney Barbara Timmer, who pledged a wider, more activist approach than Smeal's, and the secretary position was won by Kathy Webb, who was also an independent. As <mask>'s presidency continued, the original support she had from Smeal appeared to slip away, as rumors and speculations surfaced that Smeal was going to run for the presidency again. When Smeal announced she was running in the 1985 election, she said that it was due to her belief that <mask> was too moderate and did not focus on the issues that were important to herself. <mask> often met with politicians, and felt that progress could only be made when women were elected into political positions. On the issues of abortion and equal rights, <mask> said, "It is on our agenda but it is not the most propitious time to bring it up. We are not interested in exercises in futility. We must change the political landscape and get more women elected before we try again".Smeal, however, said  that there "was a wish that NOW become more outspoken, assertive and publicly active on a number of issues,"

masks: Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith


texts: and that she favored a national program for direct action now. "This can't wait for another 10 years," she said. "We can't decide that we want it and then do nothing". <mask> said, in defense of her methods, that "Loud may be good, but it is not only the level of decibels that is heard". Their methods were seen as very different and is what led to the intense battle for the presidency. For example, the two leaders approached anti-abortion terrorism in different ways. <mask> sent a telegram to President Reagan, demanding an investigation, and then later called on President Reagan, when she received no response, by telling reporters how she felt during a White House pickett.Smeal, however, led the first March for Women's Lives in 1986, which drew over 150,000 people to Washington and Los Angeles in support of women's reproductive rights. <mask> believed in accomplishing NOW's goals through politics while Smeal felt rallies, demonstrations, and protests were the better method, illustrated when Smeal said "It's time to go back on the streets, go on the campuses and show we're the majority" in 1985. The 1985 election was heated and intense but Smeal won over <mask>. <mask> was the incumbent seeking her second term, and NOW presidents had traditionally served two consecutive two-year terms. Members of NOW's 35-member national board and its state coordinators supported <mask> by a 2 to 1 margin, and she appeared to have more supporters at the convention's plenary sessions. It was reported by the SunSentinal in the 1985 article Smeal Wins Battle For Top NOW Post, "the factors contributing to Mrs. Smeal's victory were personality differences between the two candidates, a faulty sample ballot, the last-minute decision by a NOW officer to endorse Mrs.

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 Smeal, a legal vote-brokering system, and a surprisingly vitriolic final campaign speech by Mrs. <mask>". Before the election  <mask>, was believed to be leading, yet Smeal defeated <mask> by the margin of 839 to 703.<mask>'s final campaign speech may have been what cost her votes, many said, in which she "uncharacteristically attacked her opponent in hard-hitting language, had lost her some votes. She accused Mrs. Smeal of, among other things, 'duplicity, character assassination and a ward-boss political mentality". It was also reported in Smeal Wins Battle For Top NOW Post, that <mask> seemed to be trying at the last minute to reverse her image as a president who preferred coalition-building to one who might be comfortable with her opponent's combative style. Overall the 1985 election between <mask> and not only her predecessor, but her mentor as well proved to be "one of the most heated presidential elections in the [then] 19-year history of the National Organization for Women". Retirement and legacy
After her tenure as President of NOW she served in various leadership positions, including Dean of the University of Wisconsin–Fond du Lac, retiring in 2002, though she remains active. Today, the University awards the "<mask> Young Woman Leadership Award" in her honor. While using her musical background, <mask> now plays piano at a nursing home in Fond du Lac and ballroom dances as frequently as possible.References

External links
 <mask> - What I Learned from NOW
 National Organization for Women, Official website
VFA Pioneers History Project: <mask>

Living people
Presidents of the National Organization for Women
American feminists
American women's rights activists
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
People from Fond du Lac,

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Goldsmith
Goldsmith
Goldsmith
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Goldsmith
Judy Goldsmith
Judy
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<mask> (born March 31, 1957) is a retired United States Army officer, Army aviator and a NASA astronaut. At the time of his retirement from the U.S. Army, Forrester had achieved the rank of colonel. He is married and has two children. Forrester flew on three Space Shuttle missions, STS-105, STS-117 and STS-128. He also served as Chief of the Astronaut Office, having assumed the role from Chris Cassidy in June 2017. On 19 December 2020, Reid Wiseman assumed the role as Forrester announced he was taking a leave of absence from NASA. Personal
Born March 31, 1957, in El Paso, Texas, he is an Eagle Scout in the Boy Scouts of America.Forrester is married to the former Diana Lynn Morris of Springfield, Virginia. They have two sons, <mask>, Jr. and Andrew. His father, Colonel (ret.) Redmond V<mask>, is deceased; his mother, Patsy L<mask>, is deceased. Education
 1975: Graduated from West Springfield High School, Springfield, Virginia
 1979: Received a Bachelor of Science degree in Applied Sciences and Engineering from the United States Military Academy, West Point, New York
 1989: Received a Master of Science degree in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia

Organizations
Society of Experimental Test Pilots
Army Aviation Association of America
American Helicopter Society

Awards and honors
Defense Superior Service Medal
Legion of Merit
Meritorious Service Medal (2nd Oak leaf cluster)
Army Commendation Medal
Army Achievement Medal
National Defense Service Medal
Expert Infantryman Badge
NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal (2017)
NASA Exceptional Service Medal (2008, 2010)
NASA Space Flight Medal (2001, 2007, 2009)
 The Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Certificate of Commendation (1995)
 The Jack Northrop Award for most outstanding presentation at the 26th Annual Society of Experimental Test Pilots Symposium (1996)
 The Order of St. Michael (Bronze 2001, Silver 2007)
 U.S. Army Aviation Hall of Fame (2011)

Military career
Forrester graduated from West Point in June 1979 and was commissioned as a

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Patrick Graham Forrester
Patrick Forrester
. Forrester
. Forrester


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 second lieutenant in the U.S. Army. He entered the U.S. Army Aviation School in 1979 and was designated an Army Aviator in September 1980. He was subsequently assigned as an instructor pilot at the Aviation School, and as the aide-de-camp to the Deputy Commanding General of the U.S. Army Aviation Center.In 1984, he was assigned to the 25th Infantry Division (Light), Schofield Barracks, Hawaii, where he served as a platoon leader, aviation company operations officer, and an assault helicopter battalion operations officer. After completing a master of science degree at the University of Virginia in 1989, he was assigned as a flight test engineer and as the research and development coordinator with the Army Aviation Engineering Flight Activity at Edwards Air Force Base, California. In June 1992, he graduated from the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School and was designated an experimental test pilot. In 1992, he was assigned as an engineering test pilot at the U.S. Army Aviation Technical Test Center, Fort Rucker, Alabama. Other military schools include the Army Parachutist Course, U.S. Army Ranger School, the Combined Arms Services Staff School, and the Command and General Staff College. A Master Army Aviator, Forrester has logged over 5,500 hours in over 50 different aircraft.<mask> retired from the Army in October 2005. NASA career
<mask> was assigned to NASA at the Johnson Space Center as an aerospace engineer in July 1993. His technical assignments within the Astronaut Office Operations Development Branch have included: flight software testing with the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL); Astronaut Office representative for Landing/Rollout issues, Multi-function Electronic Display System (MEDS) upgrade of the Orbiter fleet, and the Portable In-flight Landing Operations Trainer (PILOT). He has also served as the crew representative for robotics development for the International Space Station. Forrester was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in May 1996. Having completed two years of training and evaluation, he is qualified for

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 flight assignment as a mission specialist. Initially, Forrester was assigned to duties at the Kennedy Space Center as a member of the astronaut support team, responsible for Shuttle prelaunch vehicle checkout, crew ingress and strap-in, and crew egress after landing.He next served as the technical assistant to the Director, Flight Crew Operations. Following that, Forrester served as the Shuttle training and on-board crew procedures representative. Forrester flew on STS-105 in 2001, with the crew of STS-117 in 2007, and as a mission specialist on the STS-128 mission in 2009. He has logged over 950 hours in space, including four spacewalks totaling 25 hours and 22 minutes of EVA time. After STS-117 he was assigned to the Astronaut Office Operations Development Branch. Since then he was involved in the flight software testing with the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL); astronaut office representative for landing/rollout issues, Multi-function Electronic Display System (MEDS) upgrade of the Orbiter fleet, and the Portable In-flight Landing Operations Trainer (PILOT). He has also served as the crew representative for robotics development for the International Space Station.As of July 2015, Forrester was the Chief Astronaut of the NASA Engineering & Safety Center (NESC). Chief of the Astronaut Office
He was announced as Chief of the Astronaut Office on June 2, 2017. He is the first Army officer to hold this position. He replaced Chris Cassidy who returned to normal flight status. He served in this position until December 20, 2020 when <mask>. Wiseman was selected. Spaceflight experience

STS-105
Discovery (August 10–22, 2001) was the 11th mission to the International Space Station (ISS). While at the orbital outpost, the STS-105 crew delivered the Expedition 3 crew, attached the Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM), and transferred over 2.7 metric tons of supplies and equipment to the station.During the mission, <mask> and Dan Barry performed two spacewalks totaling 11 hours and 45 minutes of EVA time. Forrester served as the

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Gregory R
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 prime robotics operator to install the MPLM. STS-105 also brought home the Expedition 2 crew. The STS-105 mission was accomplished in 186 orbits of the Earth, traveling over 4.9 million miles in 285 hours and 13 minutes. STS-117

Atlantis (June 8–22, 2007) was the 118th Shuttle mission and the 21st mission to visit the ISS, delivering the second starboard truss segment, the third set of U.S. solar arrays and batteries and associated equipment. The successful construction and repair mission involved four spacewalks by two teams. Forrester accumulated 13 hours and 37 minutes of EVA time in two spacewalks.The mission also delivered crewmember Clayton Anderson, and returned with Sunita Williams from the Expedition 15 crew. STS-117 returned to land at Edwards Air Force Base, California, having traveled 5.8 million miles in 14 days. STS-128
Discovery (August 28-September 11, 2009) was the 128th Shuttle mission and the 30th mission to the ISS. While at the orbital outpost, the STS-128 crew rotated Nicole Stott for crewmember Timothy Kopra on Expedition 20, attached the Leonardo MPLM and transferred more than 18,000 pounds of supplies and equipment to the ISS. The STS-128 crew conducted three spacewalks. Forrester served as the prime robotics operator for Discovery. The STS-128 mission was accomplished in 217 orbits of the Earth, traveling more than 5.7 million miles in 332 hours and 53 minutes and returned to land at Edwards Air Force Base, California.See also

References

Spacefacts biography of <mask>. Forrester

1957 births
Living people
United States Army astronauts
NASA civilian astronauts
People from El Paso, Texas
People from Springfield, Virginia
United States Military Academy alumni
University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
United States Naval Test Pilot School alumni
United States Army officers
American test pilots
Engineers from Virginia
Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal
Recipients of the NASA Exceptional Service Medal
Space Shuttle program astronauts
Spacewalkers
Military personnel from


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<mask> (born March 30, 1980) is a Brazilian professional mixed martial artist who has competed for K-1, DREAM, ONE Championship and King of the Cage. He was the first DREAM Featherweight Champion and DREAM Bantamweight Champion, and currently in his second reign as the ONE Bantamweight Champion. He is currently ranked as the #5 Bantamweight in the world by MMA Weekly and Fight Matrix as well as the #1 bantamweight outside of the UFC He is the main sparring partner of former UFC Flyweight champion Demetrious Johnson. <mask> was born in Manaus and grew up in a neighborhood called Coroado with his family. Fernandes played soccer throughout his childhood. Due to an unhappy relationship, Fernandes' mother became depressed and eventually passed away for an unknown reason when he was seven. His father, Inacio, didn't want to raise the children, so <mask> and his siblings were sent to live with their aunt in the Amazon rainforest, by the Ituxi River.However, <mask> caught malaria during their stay in the rainforest and his father was alerted to bring him back to Manaus for treatment. After returning to Manaus, <mask> attended school for the first time in his life at the age of nine. MMA career
At the age of 13, <mask> was introduced to BJJ, but coming from a poor family he was unable to pay for training. His instructor said he'd continue to train him, as long as he cleaned the gym after the class. This gave <mask> a profound respect and gratitude for the gym and what it taught. Bibiano says that he'd say to himself when he was a child "good job! You held your ground and believed what you believed."Early career
Fernandes fought against world-class competition early in his MMA career. In his second professional fight, Fernandes lost due to a doctor's stoppage to Urijah Faber in a King of the Cage event in Nevada. After dominating the first 2 minutes of the round, even taking Faber's back, he was reversed and received a barrage of elbows that opened up a deep cut on his forehead. Though the fight was officially ruled

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Bibiano Fernandes da Silva Neto
Background Fernandes
Bibiano
Bibiano
Fernandes
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 a doctor stoppage, it was actually stopped by the referee, due to the cut. In his very next fight, Fernandes lost to Norifumi "Kid" Yamamoto at a K-1 Hero's event in Japan. After losing to Faber and Yamamoto, Fernandes won four consecutive fights before entering into the DREAM Featherweight Grand Prix. DREAM
Bibiano defeated Joe Warren and Hiroyuki Takaya at DREAM 11 to win the DREAM Featherweight Grand Prix and become the first DREAM Featherweight Champion.After defeating Warren by first round armbar, <mask>' fight against Takaya was very close, and he won by split decision. Fernandes fought former DREAM Lightweight Champion Joachim Hansen on March 22, 2010, at DREAM 13 for his first title defense. He won the match in a split decision. At K-1 Dynamite!! 2010, Fernandes had a rematch with Takaya for the DREAM featherweight championship. <mask> lost his title to Takaya via unanimous decision. <mask> next faced Takafumi Otsuka at DREAM 17 in the quarterfinals of the bantamweight tournament.He won the fight via submission in the first round. At Fight For Japan: Genki Desu Ka Omisoka 2011, he defeated Rodolfo Marques via unanimous decision in the semifinal round. In the finals, <mask> defeated Antonio Banuelos via TKO in the first round to win the Dream World Bantamweight Grand Prix and become the first ever DREAM Bantamweight champion. Ultimate Fighting Championship
On June 4, 2012, it was announced that Fernandes had signed with the UFC and was briefly linked to a bout against Roland Delorme on July 21, 2012, at UFC 149. However, the UFC claimed <mask> pulled out of the bout, citing an injury. <mask> subsequently clarified that he had been in negotiations with the UFC, but a contract was never signed. ONE Championship
It was announced that Fernandes had signed with ONE instead of the UFC.<mask> made his debut for the promotion at ONE FC 5 against Gustavo Falciroli. He won the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> next fight was at ONE FC 9: Rise to Power against Koetsu Okazaki for the Interim ONE Bantamwight

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 Championship. He won via unanimous decision. <mask> next fought at ONE FC 11: Total Domination against Soo Chul Kim to unify the ONE Bantamweight Championship. He won via unanimous decision. <mask> headlined ONE Fighting Championship: Rise of Heroes on May 2, 2014, against Masakatsu Ueda.He won via unanimous decision. <mask> faced Dae Hwan Kim at ONE Fighting Championship: Warrior's Way on December 5, 2014, once again successfully defending his world title by defeating Kim via rear-naked choke in the second round. In his fourth title defense, Fernandes faced Kevin Belingon at ONE Championship: Dynasty of Champions on January 23, 2016. He successfully defending his title, winning by kimura submission in the first round. In his fifth title defense, Fernandes faced Reece McLaren at ONE Championship: Age of Domination on December 2, 2016. He won the fight by split decision. On February 17, 2017, it was announced that Fernandes re-signed with ONE Championship.Fernandes fought Kevin Belingon for the second time at ONE Championship 78: Heart of the Lion on November 9, 2018, in a title unification bout. He lost the fight via split decision. <mask> faced Belingon in a trilogy match at ONE Championship: A New Era on March 30, 2019. He won the bout via disqualification when he could not continue after Belingon landed an illegal elbow to the back of <mask>'s head, once again regaining the bantamweight title. <mask> faced Belingon for the fourth time at ONE Championship: Century on October 13, 2019. He won the fight via a rear-naked choke submission in the second round. <mask> was scheduled to face John Lineker at ONE Championship: X on December 3, 2021.However due to the pandemic, the event was postponed and the bout was moved to ONE Championship: Bad Blood on February 11, 2022. Linekar tested positive for COVID days before the event and the bout was pulled. The bout was rescheduled for ONE Championship: Lights Out on March 11, 2022. Personal life
<mask> and his wife, Amanda, have three sons: Elijah, Gabriel and

masks: Fernandes Fernandes Bibiano Fernandes Fernandes Fernandes Fernandes Fernandes


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<mask> (born April 6, 1938) is an American television and film actor best known for his portrayal of lonely hero David Vincent in the ABC 1967–68 television series The Invaders. He starred in the 1969 British science fiction film Journey to the Far Side of the Sun (also known as Doppelgänger), and also played Alfred Wentworth in the pilot episode of Law & Order. Career

TV
His first primetime role was in "A Fist of Five", a 1962 episode of The Untouchables, as a brother of an ex-policeman (played by Lee Marvin). Later that year he appeared in a small role as a cowboy named “Harry” on James Arness’s TV Western Gunsmoke (“False Front” - S8E15). He appeared on General Hospital as the "philandering Dr. Phil Brewer"
 from 1963–65, which was later described as "Thinnes' big break." In 1964, he guested twice in episodes "Murder by Scandal" and the "Lost Lady Blues" of the 13-episode CBS drama The Reporter. Later he co-starred as Ben Quick in the short-lived 1965-66 television series The Long Hot Summer, which ran on ABC.During its run he received around 1,500 letters per week and appeared on the cover of TV Guide

The Invaders
During 1967 and 1968, <mask> starred in The Invaders, a TV series in which he portrayed an architect named David Vincent who accidentally witnessed the arrival of aliens from another planet. Vincent waged a seemingly hopeless one-man campaign against them. The series became a cult classic, leading to other 'aliens vs earthlings' films and TV shows. His then-future second wife, actress Lynn Loring, appeared in the show's 14th episode, The Panic. He returned in 1995 as a much older David

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Roy Thinnes
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 Vincent, as part of a TV mini-series titled The Invaders (starring Scott Bakula), and a decade later provided audio commentary for the official DVD releases of The Invaders. Decades after the unexpected cancellation of the original series, "in Europe  ... It hasn’t stopped running."The Washington Post noted in 2008 that, although The Invaders "ran for just two seasons ... in 2004, TV Guide placed main character David Vincent at #6 on its 25 Greatest Sci-Fi Legends list." In 2019, U.S. basic-cable network MeTV began running weekly reruns of The Invaders as part of its popular "Red-Eye Sci-Fi Saturday Night" overnight late Saturday evening/early Sunday morning sci-fi TV series programming schedule. Post-Invaders
In another short-lived series, <mask> had the lead role on The Psychiatrist as Dr. James Whitman. "Manhunter" (in which Thinnes tracks a bank robbery suspect) is a TV Film that was broadcast on British TV in 1972 (with The Man Hunter as its title) but was not shown on American TV until 1976. A similar title ("The Manhunter"), but with a different plot, was used for a 1974-filmed TV movie. <mask> guest starred on Twelve O'Clock High, becoming a casualty of war while commanding a B-17 bomber on a dangerous mission. He played an intrepid writer and investigator of the supernatural David Norliss in 1973's The Norliss Tapes, a pilot for an unproduced TV series, and portrayed a suspicious schoolmaster in the TV movie Satan's School for Girls.He appeared in the disaster films Airport 1975 as the co-pilot, and The Hindenburg as a sadistic SS captain. <mask> was cast in Alfred Hitchcock's 1976 film Family Plot

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texts: in the role of nefarious jeweler Arthur Adamson when Hitchcock's first choice, William Devane, was unavailable. <mask> had already shot several scenes for the film when Devane suddenly became available. Hitchcock fired <mask> and re-shot all of his scenes. He confronted Hitchcock in a restaurant and asked the director why he was fired. Flabbergasted, Hitchcock simply looked at <mask> until the actor left. Some shots of <mask> as the character (from behind) remain in the film.<mask> appeared in the 1979 miniseries From Here to Eternity. as Captain Dana Holmes. During the 1982-1983 season, <mask> appeared as Nick Hogan in 35 episodes of Falcon Crest. He later played Roger Collins in the 1991 revival of TV's Dark Shadows. He appeared on One Life to Live as Alex Crown from 1984–85, and as Sloan Carpenter from 1992-95. He also played a lead role in "The Final Chapter," the first episode of the 1977 series Quinn Martin's Tales of the Unexpected (known in the United Kingdom as Twist in the Tale), and in "The Crystal Scarab", a first-season episode of Poltergeist: The Legacy in 1996. <mask> was once considered by Paramount for the part of Captain Jean-Luc Picard in Star Trek: The Next Generation.He appeared in the 1988 pilot episode of Law & Order, "Everybody's Favorite Bagman", as District Attorney Alfred Wentworth. By the time the show was picked up in 1990, however, <mask> was contractually obligated to another TV series (NBC's remake of Dark Shadows), and so his character was replaced with D.A. Adam Schiff, played by Steven Hill. Thinnes made two appearances in The X-Files as Jeremiah Smith, an alien rebel with

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