texts: meaning. From this <mask> concludes: "Es gibt keine universelle Ontologie." (There is no universal ontology.) So what exactly is the subject matter of <mask>'s philosophy? Does his thought move on a trajectory from the essence of things ("das Was der Dinge") via "language" ("Sprache") to the "human being" ("Mensch"), as his three major treatises might suggest? <mask> states: "Die Weise, in der der Philosophierende existiert, sich vor sich selbst bringt in der Bewegtheit seiner Einstellung - aber kein Gegenstand - bestimmt die Philosophie."(Philosophy is determined not by the object but by the mode in which the philosophizing subject exists and how it relates to itself in the movement of its perception) () Philosophy is neither defined by a specific subject matter, nor a clearly delineated field of investigation; it cannot be compartmentalized into disciplines or taken into possession. "Philosophy" describes a direction and a point of view one cannot assume deliberately as it consists in an attitude that develops in direct opposition to my natural inclination. Philosophy does not intend to lay new grounds; rather it occurs "als verantwortliche Übernahme schon geschehener Grundlegung" (as a responsible adoption of an already existing groundwork). In philosophy I become conscious of myself. Philosophy traces back to, and brings to awareness, what has been present before without being conscious of itself ("an ihm selber in seiner Vorgängigkeit unbewußt"). Thus I seek to become aware of myself in my origins, and consequently attain an original relationship to reality, not by disposing of prior decisions - which

masks:
Lipps
Hans Lipps
Lipps


type: original

texts: would be impossible - but by accepting myself in these prior decisions. Such a philosophy is not geared toward enlightenment but toward a responsible appropriation of myself in my origins, toward a responsible performance of my existence, toward existing properly.In this regard philosophy specifically is existential philosophy. The term of reference of philosophy is reality ("Wirklichkeit"), to which I have always already reached out and within which I have gained pre-predicative understanding of myself as well as of reality. It is in this relationship that reality becomes real and that the human being realizes itself. The reality of myself as well as of other people is directed toward the reality of things, which refers back to the former. It is only in such proportionality that anything exists at all. It is ultimately for this reason that everything that is real and to the extent that it is real refers back to my own and other people's (practical and theoretical) ability by which human existence is realized. Such relationship is therefore an "indicator of existential possibilities": a piece of iron, the color blue, vision, cognition, embarrassment, etc.Philosophy unveils human existence as the center of reality - in analogy to the interpretation of a text. For <mask>, philosophy is therefore a hermeneutics of reality directed at human existence for the purpose of enabling the latter to its own realization. As <mask> understands it, "hermeneutics" necessarily implies a fundamentally retroactive dimension. Philosophy qua hermeneutics of reality is tied up with language, through which alone reality – both in

masks: Lipps Lipps


texts:
 terms of objects or things as well as of human beings - is being revealed. It is therefore the foremost task of philosophical inquiry to take up and follow the hints toward meaning and signification embodied in word and speech. And it must clarify those hints and explicate the pre-predicative mode of understanding they represent as grounded in the logos. This leads to the problem of the openness of the meaning of words.In open contrast to Husserl's theory of the "Ideal unities of significance" <mask> emphasized the "open indifference" of many utterances whose meaning changes according to the change of speech situation.This resembles Wittgenstein's conception of "language games" (a similarity seen for the first time by Gottfried Bräuer). A further similarity exists between Wittgenstein's "concepts with blurred edges" (Philosophical Investigations  § 71) and the "envisageing conceptions " which in both cases are illustrated by the word "Spiel". There is, however, no trace of any influence on either side. Works
<mask>pps: Werke in five volumes. Frankfurt a. Main: Vittorio Klostermann Verlag, 1976-1977. Volume I: Untersuchungen zur Phänomenologie der Erkenntnis.Part 1: "Das Ding und seine Eigenschaften " (1927); Part 2: "Aussage und Urteil " (1928). Volume II: Untersuchungen zu einer hermeneutischen Logik (1938). Volume III: Die menschliche Natur (1941). Volume IV: Die Verbindlichkeit der Sprache. "Aufsätze und Vorträge" (1929 bis 1941), "Frühe Schriften" (1921 bis 1927), "Bemerkungen." Volume V: Die Wirklichkeit des Menschen. "Aufsätze und Vorträge" (1932 bis 1939), "Frühe Schriften" (1921 und 1924),

masks:
Lipps
Hans Li


texts:
 "Fragmentarisches."<mask> Gadamer writes in the preface to the edition of <mask>'s works:
"In our days, <mask>'s work should once again find its time. Mining in the quarry of language undertaken in England in the wake of Wittgenstein, Austin, and Searle has not only a predecessor, but an excellent counterpart in <mask>. In questioning language, <mask> gains almost inexhaustible anwers. Among phenomenologists, <mask>'s standing in unrivaled in his aural sensitivity for language and this perception of gesture." References

Sources and further reading
 Otto Friedrich Bollnow, Studien zur Hermeneutik. Volume II: "Zur hermeneutischen Logik von Georg Misch und <mask>." Freiburg / München: Alber, 1983.Otto Friedrich Bollnow, <mask>: "Ein Beitrag zur philosophischen Lage der Gegenwart," in Blätter für Deutsche Philosophie.16 (1941/3), p. 293-323 [1]
 Gottfried Bräuer: Wege in die Sprache. Ludwig Wittgenstein und <mask>,  in: Bildung und Erziehung 1963, pp. 131–140. Alfred W. E. Hübner, Existenz und Sprache. Überlegungen zur hermeneutischen Sprachauffassung von Martin Heidegger und <mask>. Berlin: Duncker und Humblot, 2001. Frithjof Rodi "Beiträge zum 100.Geburtstag von <mask> am 22. November 1989: 4 Beiträge zur Biographie, 4 Beiträge zur Philosophie von <mask>, Texte und Dokumente," in Dilthey-Jahrbuch für Philosophie und Geschichte der Geisteswissenschaften 6 (1989), ed. together with O. F. Bollnow, U. Dierse, K. Gründer, R. Makkreel, O. Pöggeler and H.-M- Sass. Göttingen: Vandenhoek & Ruprecht, 1989. Guy van Kerckhoven / <mask>: Fragilität der Existenz. Phänomenologische Studien zur Natur des Menschen. Verlag Karl

masks:
Hans Georg
Lipps
Lipps
Hans Lipps
Lipps
Lipps
Hans Lipps
Hans Lipps
Hans Lipps
Hans Lipps
Hans Lipps
Hans Lipps
Hans Lipps


texts:
 Alber, Freiburg / München 2011.Gerhard Rogler, Die hermeneutische Logik von <mask> und die Begründbarkeit wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnis. Würzburg: Ergon, 1998. Wolfgang von der Weppen, Die existentielle Situation und die Rede. Untersuchungen zu Logik und Sprache in der existentiellen Hermeneutik von <mask>. Würzburg: Königshausen und Neumann, 1984. Meinolf Wewel, Die Konstitution des transzendenten Etwas im Vollzug des Sehens. Eine Untersuchung im Anschluß an die Philosophie von <mask> und in Auseinandersetzung mit Edmund Husserls Lehre vom "intentionalen Bewußtseinskorrelat."Düsseldorf 1968. - Google

1889 births
1941 deaths
Phenomenologists
SS personnel
German philosophers
German military doctors
German military personnel of World War I
German military personnel killed in World War II
German male writers
German Army officers of World War

masks:
Hans Lipps
Hans Lipps
Hans Lipps


texts:
<mask> (born 1950 or 1958) is an American filmmaker, and is best known for the 1983 film Born in Flames. Early life
The daughter of a Detroit stockbroker, originally named <mask>, at the age of eleven she decided to take the name of the accused 1890s Massachusetts double murderer <mask>, and was inspired by the following children's rhyme:
<mask> took an axe
And gave her father forty whacks,
When she saw what she had done,
She gave her mother forty-one

It even resulted in an announcement to her parents that she was legally changing her name. <mask> says, "At the time, my name was the best rebellion I could make." Early career
<mask>'s career as a feminist filmmaker began when she majored in art at Wellesley College in Massachusetts before moving to New York. She moved away from the more mainstream writing and art criticism (in part for Art Forum) and decided to become a painter. However, after attending a retrospective of the films of Jean-Luc Godard, she was inspired to experiment with cinema and favored a "naive" approach to film production. Independent film career
Initially, her films were united by an "iconoclastic depiction of sex" and she controversially portrayed prostitution as an "economic choice" in her 1986 film Working Girls.Her body of work also investigates race, class, power, capitalism, and the power money bestows—all from a feminist vantage point. In 1976 she made an experimental documentary film titled Regrouping which chronicled the fracturing of a women's collective. The film was a portrait of four women artists and incorporated avant-garde techniques borrowed from performance art including a meta-analysis of the role of film itself in the fracturing of the collective that the film portrayed. The film was shown along with Born in Flames at an Anthology Film Archives screening in 2016. Her next film finished in 1983, Born in Flames, named after a song written by a member of Art & Language, Mayo

masks:
Lizzie Borden
Linda Elizabeth Borden
Lizzie Borden
Lizzie Borden
Borden
Borden


texts: Thompson of the Red Krayola. It was shot and edited over the course of five years and had a budget of $30,000. Set in New York, it explores the role media plays in culture.What began as a project about white feminist responses to an oppressive government evolved into a story about women of color, including lesbians, and white women of various classes mobilizing into collective action, and concerned the racial, class, and political conflicts in a future United States socialist democracy. <mask>'s "naive" approach to film production can be seen in its gritty, pseudo-documentary style, which pieces together a "disjunctive collage of women's individual and collective work". Additionally, she used nonprofessional actresses and actors. Born in Flames premiered at the Berlin Film Festival and won several awards. It was named one of "The Most Important 50 Independent Films" by Filmmaker magazine and has been the subject of extensive feminist analysis, including that of Teresa de Lauretis. In February 2016, Anthology Film Archives hosted a week-long revival run of Born in Flames, premiering their new 35mm restoration funded by The Film Foundation and the Hollywood Foreign Press Association. The restoration was part of a larger multi-year project, "Re-Visions: American Experimental Film 1975–1990" supported by The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts.To commemorate the re-release, The New Yorker remarked, "the free, ardent, spontaneous creativity of 'Born in Flames' emerges as an indispensable mode of radical change—one that many contemporary filmmakers with political intentions have yet to assimilate." <mask>'s second film, Working Girls, depicting the lives of sex workers, maintains some of the stylistic and thematic features of her debut, but is more mainstream in its approach. The film was inspired by some of the women who participated in the making of Born in Flames, who coincidentally supported themselves through

masks: Borden Borden


texts:
 prostitution. Although Working Girls addresses the subject of prostitution in great detail, <mask> prefers the film to be discussed as a narrative fiction film rather than as a documentary. The film was intended to be a "back-stage" look at prostitution. In a New York Times review, Vincent Canby writes, "Working Girls, though a work of fiction, sounds as authentic as might a documentary about coal miners. " The film portrays prostitution as an often tedious, sometimes depressing, occasionally interesting or funny job.The main character, Molly, claims to have a degree from Yale and is a lesbian in her private life. <mask> wrote, directed, and produced the film and it premiered at the Cannes Film Festival in the Director's Fortnight. The film won Best Feature at the Sundance Film Festival and was sold and then distributed by Miramax Films. Hollywood film career
Miramax then gave <mask> a budget of $6 million and a script for Love Crimes, her first Hollywood film feature. It was intended as a thriller, but <mask> envisioned it as centered more on a woman's genuine sexual feelings. It was originally scripted by Allan Moyle, but was rewritten by Laurie Frank, a female screenwriter specifically requested by <mask>. This was also her first film not based on an original script.It starred Sean Young and Patrick Bergin. Although <mask> found herself in the position to direct a mainstream production, her power over the film's content was disrupted by (as <mask> puts it) "everyone else's psyches ... with their fetishes, and what they don't like". Love Crimes was subjected to much studio interference and it fell victim to Hollywood's more politically correct protocols regarding sex in the 1990s, and as a result it lacked the taboo representations she was once able to project on screen. Numerous scenes were removed and some never shot in the studio's attempts to present what they termed an "acceptable" vision of the lead's

masks: Borden Borden Borden Borden Borden Borden Borden


texts: sexuality to a mass audience. The studio took away much of <mask>'s control over the final product and even went so far as to cut out the original ending that <mask> had shot, substituting its own. "I went to movie jail after I did this awful movie, Love Crimes. I should have taken my name off it, but I was bullied into not taking my name off it.There are things in it that I didn't shoot. It's just not my movie, really." The film was released to theaters and quickly tanked, and the film was removed after three weeks due to poor box office. For its VHS release, <mask> negotiated the restoration of several scenes originally cut from the theatrical release. As a result, two versions of the film were released in July 1992: the original theatrical version and a second, "unrated" version. "The problems really came down to sex", <mask> said. "My vision of what I wanted, of how I wanted to explore the character (played by Sean Young) and her sexual needs and desires just wasn't acceptable or accepted.The sadomasochistic element of the film as I envisioned it was too scary for the people writing the checks. And then I didn't get the final cut. "The eventual VHS release saw the film's unrated version become a fast seller and remains a cult favorite and highly collectible item. In a 2018 podcast, <mask> says the "director's cut" was never really hers but a marketing ploy by Weinstein. After the film's release and critical failure in the box office it became very difficult for <mask> to set up further projects. She ventured into television with mixed results, and worked with such cult stars as Mary Woronov, Alexis Arquette and Joe Dallesandro in a series of Propaganda Films created for Playboy TV (other directors in the series included Bernard Rose and Alexander Payne.) She subsequently directed episodes of Red Shoe Diaries, Alex Mack and other television productions, as well as directing local theater in Hollywood with the Grace

masks: Borden Borden Borden Borden Borden Borden


texts: Players, a theater troupe under the direction of Natalija Nogulich.She cast future famous actor Bryan Cranston in the 1995 film Erotique; <mask> (as one of the four directors involved in the four sex vignettes) noted, "Besides Louise Smith, he was the most game, daring actor I've ever worked with." In 1999 <mask> was able to pitch to investors and was in pre-production on a filmed version of August Strindberg's 1888 play Miss Julie when director Mike Figgis announced his own version in the trades and her bank financing collapsed. In 2001 <mask> flew to New York City for final script discussions with actress Susan Sarandon for her next film project, named Rialto. She and her partners arrived on the morning of 9/11, just in time to witness the World Trade Center collapse. Sarandon immediately joined the relief effort at Ground Zero and the project was put on hold. Since the mid-2000s <mask> has been working as a script doctor in Los Angeles, writing scripts for other directors, including one about reggae singer Bob Marley's relationship with mobster Danny Sims (based on Rita Marley's autobiography No Woman No Cry); This project is now called "Rebels" and has been announced as part of slate of projects by Golden Island Filmworks to begin shooting in 2016. She worked in television on some pilots for Fox Television, wrote a play about singer Nina Simone and is continuing to solicit financing for her independent projects.<mask> was once quoted as saying, "Born in Flames and Working Girls are the only two films I consider my own. The others – especially Love Crimes and Erotique – were so radically re-cut and interfered with by producers, they're not 'mine', in any sense of the word." Flashbacks by L.M. Kit Carson were added to "Love Crimes" and <mask> was threatened against taking her name off the film. The producer of "Erotique" re-edited the film and laid on a music track, along with other changes. "I would like to make


texts: films the way I used to in New York, if that is possible. If I am able to make 'Rialto' in ten years – or twenty – I hope it will still be relevant.I don't need to make a lot of films, I just need to believe in the ones I make. I would prefer to remain silent in the sense of the Susan Sontag essay until I am able to make something I believe in. And the issues I believe in – social issues, feminist issues, radical issues – are difficult to finance, even independently." <mask> will be directing a film, "Rialto", is editing a book, Honey On A Razor, of stories by strippers and is collaborating on a series about strippers with Antonia Crane, author of the memoir, Spent. In February, 2016, "Born In Flames" was shown at the Anthology Film Archives in a 35 mm print restored by the Anthology. This remastered print which has been screened at the Walker Art Center, the Toronto Film Festival and at the London Film Festival. Experiencing somewhat of a second life, "Born In Flames" was screened at the London Film Festival in 2017, the Edinburgh Film Festival, in Brussels, Barcelona, Madrid, San Sebastian, the Seoul International Women's Film Festival and in many US cities, including Detroit, Rochester, San Francisco and New Orleans.<mask>'s first film, "Regrouping", which showed at the Anthology, also showed in February, 2016 and again, in July, at The Edinburgh Film Festival, where it first played, in Spain and in Brussels. "Regrouping" is being restored by The Anthology Film Archives for a 2021 release. It has been acquired, along with "Born In Flames" and "Working Girls" by the Criterion Channel, currently showing "Born In Flames" and an interview with <mask>. Criterion is also restoring "Working Girls" for a 2021 release. "Born In Flames" appeared on Turner Movie Classics on the night of November 3, 2020, along with <mask>'s commentary on the film and on several other films in Mark Cousins' documentary "Women Make Film. In

masks: Borden Borden Borden Borden


texts:
 2021, <mask> was invited to become a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Personal life
<mask> has stated she is bisexual.Filmography

Film
Regrouping (1976)
Born in Flames (1983)
Working Girls (1986)
Inside Out (1991)
Love Crimes (1992)
Erotique (1994)

Television
Monsters (1989)
Silk Stalkings (1996)
Red Shoe Diaries (1996)

Awards and nominations

See also
 List of female film and television directors
 List of LGBT-related films directed by women

References

Further reading
Adams, Sam. "Kathleen Hanna on the Film that's Inspired Her for Decades." The Dissolve. December 3, 2013. Baise, Greg. "<mask> talks about her scrappy, feminist magnum opus, 'Born in Flames'." Detroit Metro Times.March 1, 2017. Brody, Richard. "The Political Science Fiction of 'Born in Flames'." The New Yorker. February 19, 2016. Filetti, Jean S. "From <mask> to Lorena Bobbitt: Violent Women and Gendered Justice". Journal of American Studies.35 (3): 471–484. Fusco, Coco. 1986. "Working girls: an interview with <mask>". Afterimage. 14: 6–7. Jaehne, Karen.1987. "Hooker". Film Comment. 23: 25–32. MacDonald, Scott. 1989. "Interview with <mask>".Feminist Studies. 15:
Nastasi, Alison. "'Choice is Paramount': Filmmaker <mask> on the Radical Feminism of 'Born in Flames'." Flavorwise. February 18, 2016. Sussler, Betsy. "<mask>rden."BOMB Magazine. October 1, 1983. Willse, Craig, and Dean Spade. "We are Born in Flames." Women & Performance: a journal of feminist theory 23.1 (2013): 1–5. Lassinaro, Kaisa. "Born in Flames."Occasional Papers, 2011. External links
 <mask> on glbtq.com

Occasional Papers

1950s births
Living people
American film editors
American film producers
American women film directors
American women film editors
American women film producers
American women screenwriters
Feminist filmmakers
LGBT film directors
Film directors from Michigan
LGBT people from Michigan
Writers from Detroit
Year of birth

masks:
Borden
Borden
Lizzie Borden
Lizzie Borden
Lizzie Bordon
Lizzie Borden
Lizzie Borden
Lizzie Bo
Lizzie Borden


texts:
<mask> (born 31 May 1980, Munich, Germany) is a German professional boxer of Bosnian descent. He challenged once for the WBO world cruiserweight title in 2003. Career
<mask> made his pro debut in 1997 as a cruiserweight and went undefeated in 31 fights before losing to Johnny Nelson in his challenge for the WBO Cruiserweight title. Since then he's only lost three other fights in the cruiserweight division, including a loss to fellow German Firat Arslan in a WBO Inter-Continental cruiserweight title fight.

masks:
Alexander Petkovic
Petkovic


texts:
<mask> (born May 8, 1974) is a retired Swedish professional kickboxer and mixed martial artist. He is a former two time World Muay Thai Council Heavyweight Muaythai World Champion. He is considered to be among the greatest Scandinavian kickboxers of all time. Biography and career

Muay Thai career
<mask> started practicing martial arts first time in 1984. He tried Judo and Jujutsu and couple years later switched over to taekwondo. It was not until 1987 when he came in contact with Muay Thai first time. He started to train under Po Lindwall.Kruth had his first Muay Thai fight in 1988 at the age of 14. In 1993 he had 3 amateur boxing bouts and as well as two Savate fights. In 1994, at the age of 19, he became Nordic Muaythai Champion. In 1995, Kruth participated at IAMTF Amateur World Muay Thai Championships in Bangkok. He worked his way all the way to the final where he lost against a Thai and went home

masks:
Jörgen Ingmar Kruth
Jörgen


texts:
 with a silver medal in -81 kg. In 1996, he became the Amateur Muay Thai World Champion for the first time and defended this title in 1997 as well. In 1997 <mask> changed his training center to his current club, Vallentuna Boxing Camp (VBC) and a year later turned pro.He won his first two professional fights by KO at the famous Rajadamnern Stadium in Bangkok and became WKA Muay Thai Cruiserweight World Champion. In 1999 <mask> <mask> fought in Japan for the first time and won by KO. He followed up his strong debut by knocking out all three opponents in the same night at K-1 World GP tournament in Zagreb. In 2004, <mask> became the WMC Heavyweight Muay Thai World Champion defeating Polish-Australian Paul Slowinski. In February 2005, he defended his title against Sergei Gur from Belarus,

MMA career
Kruth made his professional MMA debut in April 2009. He amassed an undefeated record of 5 wins over the next

masks: Jörgen Jörgen Kruth Kruth


texts:
 couple of years with none of his fights having reached the second round. <mask> was expected to make his UFC debut on April 14, 2012 against Cyrille Diabaté at UFC on Fuel TV 2.However, <mask> was forced out of the bout with an injury and replaced by Tom DeBlass. <mask> was expected to finally make his UFC debut against Fabio Maldonado on September 29, 2012 at UFC on Fuel TV 5 in Nottingham, England. However it was reported on September 7, 2012 that <mask> dropped out of his fight with Maldonado to retire from combat sports. style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2004-12-19 || Win ||align=left| Ivica Perkovic || Heaven or Hell 4 || Prague, Czech Republic || TKO || 2 ||
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2004-09-05 || Win ||align=left| Paul Slowinski || SM Thaiboxing Gala || Stockholm, Sweden || Decision (Unanimous) || 5 || 3:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-

masks: Kruth Kruth Kruth Kruth


texts:
 bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2004-08-07 || Loss ||align=left| Brecht Wallis || K-1 World Grand Prix 2004 in Las Vegas II || Las Vegas, Nevada || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2004-08-07 || Win ||align=left| Rony Sefo || K-1 World Grand Prix 2004 in Las Vegas II || Las Vegas, Nevada || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2004-04-24 || Win ||align=left| Vitali Akhramenko || K-1 Italy Grand Prix 2004 in Milan || Milan, Italy || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2004-04-24 || Win ||align=left| Josip Bodrozic || K-1 Italy Grand Prix 2004 in Milan || Milan, Italy || KO (Right overhand) || 3 || 2:59
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2004-04-24 || Win ||align=left| Ivica Perkovic || K-1 Italy Grand Prix 2004 in Milan || Milan, Italy || TKO (Ref. stop/three knockdowns) || 2 || 2:30
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2004-02-14


texts:
 || Win ||align=left| Vitali Akhramenko || K-1 Scandinavia 2004 World Qualification || Stockholm, Sweden || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-  bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2003-06-15 || Loss ||align=left| Paul Slowinski || Knees of Fury IV || Adelaide, Australia || TKO (Doc.stop/elbow) || 1 ||
|-  bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2003-05-30 || Loss ||align=left| Xhavit Bajrami || K-1 World Grand Prix 2003 in Basel || Basel, Switzerland || Ext. R Decision (Split) || 4 || 3:00
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2003-04-06 || Win ||align=left| Samir Benazzouz || K-1 Holland Grand Prix 2003 || Zoetermeer, Netherlands || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2001-02-04 || Win ||align=left| Marc de Wit || K-1 Holland GP 2001 in Arnhem || Arnhem, Netherlands || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2001-02-04 || Win ||align=left| Peter Varga || K-1 Holland GP


texts:
 2001 in Arnhem || Arnhem, Netherlands || KO (High kick) || 2 ||
|-  bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2000-10-09 || Loss ||align=left| Mike Bernardo || K-1 World Grand Prix 2000 in Fukuoka || Fukuoka, Japan || KO (Right overhand) || 1 || 2:24
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2000-09-01 || Win ||align=left| Xhavit Bajrami || K-1 Grand Prix Europe 2000 || Zagreb, Croatia || KO (High kick) || 3 ||
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2000-09-01 || Win ||align=left| Drazo Orduri || K-1 Grand Prix Europe 2000 || Zagreb, Croatia || KO (Knees) || 1 ||
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2000-09-01 || Win ||align=left| Tony Katoni || K-1 Grand Prix Europe 2000 || Zagreb, Croatia || KO (Punch) || 1 ||
|-  bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2000-03-13 || Loss ||align=left| Alexey Ignashov ||  Night Club "Reaktor" || Minsk, Belarus || Decision (Unanimous) || 5 || 3:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-
|-


texts:
 bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 1999-08-15 || Loss ||align=left| Alexey Ignashov ||  Queen's Birthday, Rajamangala Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || KO || 2 ||
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 1998 || Win ||align=left|  || || || KO || 1 ||


texts:
<mask> (born 14 September 1961 in Keighley, West Riding of Yorkshire) is an English former rugby union footballer who played in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, and coached in the 2000s. He learnt to play rugby at Keighley RUFC and had a long playing career for Leicester Tigers, Bedford RFC, Sale FC, and Leeds Tykes, at prop i.e. 1 or 3. At a representative level he played for Yorkshire, The Northern Division, and England at 19 Group, Under 23 and England 'B'. Early life
<mask> was one of four children growing up in the family-run business, the Airedale Heifer Inn, a public house in Sandbeds, Keighley, which was run by his rugby-playing father <mask>. He attended Crossflatts Primary School and Bingley Grammar School, where he was capped, four times by England Schools 19 Group in the 1980 Five Nations Tournament. After leaving school <mask> joined the Royal Air Force as a physical training instructor.This three-part course included PTI training at RAF Cosford, the Basic Parachute Course at No. 1 Parachute Training School and Adventurous training at Llanrwst in North Wales. After passing out with the rank of corporal, <mask> was posted to RAF North Luffenham in Edith Weston and living in the market town of Uppingham. This enabled <mask> to accept an earlier invitation to join Leicester Tigers. Royal Air Force and Combined Services Rugby

While in the RAF <mask> won the first of his fourteen caps as an Aircraftman while still under training at RAF Cosford, against the Royal Navy on 28 February 1981 in the Inter Services Tournament at Twickenham & his second cap a week later against the Army. In July 1981 <mask> visited the United States with the RAF rugby team, staying at Bergstrom Air Force Base in Texas the Royal Air Force team won the Austin Rugby Tournament defeating Houston in the final. Here <mask> played in the front five with two outstanding Royal Air Force forwards Peter Larter & John Orwin.During his seven years of service, <mask> was part of the Royal Air Force team which went on to enjoy a golden era in the

masks:
Martin Alun Whitcombe
Martin Whitcombe
Frank Whitcombe Jr
Whitcombe
Whitcombe
Martin
Whitcombe
Whitcombe
Whitcombe
Whitcombe


texts:
 1980s winning a hat-trick of Inter Service titles: in 1982 (for only the fourth time since 1945), then in 1985, and 1986. (The 1984 title was a triple tie.) He represented the Combined Services rugby team twelve times, including three games against the very competitive Joinville Battalion of the French Armed Forces.On 29 December 1981 he played against Tony Shaw's Australian Wallabies at Aldershot Military Stadium. <mask> played against Canada at the US Portsmouth RFC on 14 October on their 1983 tour on England. On 30 November 1985 Wayne Shelford's New Zealand Combined Services team at Devonport Services R.F.C. and he played against Australia at Aldershot Military Stadium on 27 October 1984 against Andrew Slack's Wallabie team. Club rugby career

<mask> joined Leicester Tigers in July 1981.Tigers' coach Chalkie White who was a unique, outspoken coach who demanded high levels of fitness, discipline and progressive rugby, selected him for his first game for the club against Northampton Saints away, on 16 October, he made his home début the following week against Swansea on 24 October at Welford Road and scored a try. <mask> represented Leicester Tigers against the Australian Wallabies at Welford Road on 25 November 1981; the Australian team was Captained by Mark Loane. <mask> played twice against the Barbarians during his Leicester career and toured Zimbabwe with Tigers in 1982, playing in both games against Zimbabwe in Harare and Bulawayo. In 1984 he played against The Gulf on the Middle East tour to Bahrain & Dubai and in 1985 to France. During Tigers game against Chambérien Olympique Rugby in an era with out the front row replacement system <mask> played most of the game with a broken fibula. <mask> left Leicester in 1986 to join Bedford, captained by former Tigers player Andy Key, and played against Kenya in Nairobi as part of the clubs Centenary Season celebrations. At the start of the 1987 season he joined Sale, where he captained the club from 1992 to 1993 and was included on the Sale FC Club Honours Board

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 in 1994.He played in the winning Courage league 1 team in 1993–1994. In 1996 he joined Phil Davies at Leeds Tykes for the last three years of his rugby career playing in two promotion winning teams and played against Tonga at Headingley on 26 November 1997. In an article for the rugby paper in 2012 former Sale lock Dave Baldwin named <mask> as loose head prop in his Sale "dream team". Representative honours

<mask> was capped by Leicestershire in the County Championship his first game was against East Midlands in November 1981. He won his first cap for Yorkshire, against Ulster at Ravenhill in 1986 and scoring a try on his debut. Later that season he played in the 22–11 victory over Middlesex in the 1986–87 Rugby Union County Championship final at Twickenham on 11 April 1987. He went on to make twenty one appearances for Yorkshire in the County Championship.<mask> played for England U23 against England Students at Walsall RUFC on 10 April 1985 after this game he was picked to represent England 'B' for their game against Italy 'B' at Twickenham on 17 April 1985. After leaving the RAF in 1987, <mask> accepted an opportunity to play in South Africa for Durban High School Old Boys, (DHSOB), a club he had represented in 1984. DHSOB were led by former Natal hooker Don Spiers as chairman the team had some first class players including, the Blakeway brothers, Andrew & Lyle, Peter Edmonds and Greg Hamilton. As a result of <mask>'s move to South Africa Ian McIntosh the then Natal, (now ), coach picked him to make his debut for the province along with his fellow prop Gerard Harding of Durban Harlequins and Empangeni number 8 Byron Kankowski to play for the provincial side against the touring Pacific Coast Grizzlys at Kings Park Stadium, Durban on 16 July 1988. The 1988 Currie Cup was the 50th season in the Currie Cup competition since it started in 1889. On 23 July <mask> made his Currie Cup debut in Round Nine at home against Transvaal (now the Golden Lions) in the winning Natal team 22–18. In the Transvaal side that day

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 was fellow Yorkshire team mate Peter Winterbottom.Along with England and Harlequin's No 8 Chris Butcher (Natal) these three players represent only a handful of English players to play in the Currie Cup in the Apartheid era in South Africa. In June 1989 Whitcombe & Winterbottom were due to tour Zimbabwe with Yorkshire. Due to their breach of the Gleneagles Agreement both were declared undesirable alien's Persona non grata by Robert Mugabe's ZANU PF government as a result the tour was cancelled. <mask> played for the Rest v England in the Final Trial at Twickenham on 3 January 1987 he was then selected for the England 'B' side to play against France 'B' at Welford Road Leicester, on 3 March 1989. Northern Division
Together with Sale FC & England 'B' No 8 Andy McFarlane these two players played for the Northern Division for nine years, making their débuts together against the South West Division at Waterloo R.F.C. on 6 December 1986. The North won the Divisional Title in 1986, 1987 and 1992 they were runners up to London Division in 1989 & 1990.Later that year on 19 October 1988 <mask> played for Northern Division on the winning side against Nick Farr-Jones Australian Wallabies 21–9 at Cross Green Otley. Then on 19 December 1989 against the USSR at Aspatria RUFC. <mask> played against Namibia in Windhoek in August 1992 as part of the preparations for the forthcoming Springbok tour of England. He played against Wales 'A' at Pontypool RFC on 14 October 1992, prior to playing against Naas Botha's South African Springboks at Elland Road Leeds on 10 November 1992. (This was the first Springbok tour after the Apartheid era.) With the Northern Division <mask> played against Toulon and US Colomiers in August 1993 at Bort-les-Orgues and eighteen months later against Northern Transvaal (now the Blue Bulls) at Loftus Versfeld and against Namibia again at the National Rugby Stadium in Windhoek, in summer 1995. With the Northern Division he toured Zimbabwe & Namibia in 1992, France in 1993 and South Africa & Namibia in

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 1995.Working in Natal
During the 1980s, <mask> worked with Zulu civilians to rebuild infrastructure destroyed by local clashes between the African National Congress and the Inkatha Freedom Party in South Africa's black townships. On one occasion, <mask> witnessed a necklacing at KwaMashu. <mask> worked firstly in the African townships outside Durban, at KwaMashu in the workers hostels in 'A' section and later 'L' section, and later rebuilding school security fences. Also at Ntuzuma & Umlazi and the locations at Imbali fifteen miles from Pietermaritzburg and Osizweni outside Newcastle, Natal. <mask> also worked in the Indian townships at Chatsworth & Phoenix outside Durban. Genealogical information
<mask> is the son of the former Rugby Union prop for North Eastern Counties, Yorkshire and Bradford RFC, <mask> Jr and was the grandson of the former Bradford Northern and Great Britain Rugby league international <mask>. He is nephew to the former Bradford RFC back row forward <mask>.<mask> the footballer for Cardiff City, and baseball captain of Wales is the great uncle to <mask>. He is grandson to the former Rugby League  for Keighley RLFC Thomas Cockcroft and nephew to the former Keighley RLFC  William "Billy" Cockcroft

<mask> is the father rugby union prop for England (Under-20s) and Leicester Tigers <mask> (born ). Life after rugby

<mask> campaigned for many years for the Royal Air Force to receive official recognition for their many losses on the Keighley town cenotaph. This was finally granted on 10 November 2011 when a stone tablet designed by local artist David Ingham was unveiled by former RAF Bomber Command flight engineer Matt Holiday DFC with his friends Ian Walkden and <mask>. <mask> became involved with rugby again in 2006 as a rugby coach at Skipton RFC winning back to back promotions from Yorkshire 3 in 2006–07 and Yorkshire 2 in 2007–08, at Old Grovians RUFC the Yorkshire 4 league title in 2012–13 and Yorkshire 3 League title in 2014–15, and at Bradford & Bingley RFC the Yorkshire 1 league title in

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 2015–16

In May 2016 along with co Author Bill Bridge, <mask> wrote 'The Indomitable Frank Whitcombe'- How a genial giant from Cardiff became a rugby League legend in Yorkshire & Australia, published by Saint David's Press

In July 2021 with co Author Huw <mask> wrote 'The Indomitables'-The story of the 1946 Great Britain Tour to Australia and New Zealand , published by Saint David's Press

See also
 1981–82 Australia rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland
 1983 Canada rugby union tour of England
 1984 Australia rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland
 1988 Australia rugby union tour of England, Scotland and Italy
 1992 South Africa rugby union tour of France and England
 1997 Tonga rugby union tour of Great Britain

References

 Farmer, Stuart & Hands, David "The Tigers Tale". The Official History of Leicester Football Club 1880–1993
 McIntosh, Ian "Mac The Face of Rugby" Don Nelson Publishers, South Africa
 Humphrey, Egaire 1981–82 Australia Rugby Union Tour of Britain And Ireland
 Sweet, Reg "Natal 100 Centenary of Natal Rugby Union"
 Soul, David with Douglas, Derek "Heart and Sole" An Autobiography
 Moore, Brian with Jones, Stephen " The autobiography Brian Moore"
 Moore, Brian "Beware of the Dog: Rugby's Hard Man Reveals All"
 Mace, John "The History of Royal Air Force Rugby 1919–1999"
 Roy, Neil & Beard, Phil "125 years of the Blues : The History of the Bedford Blues, 1886–2011"
 The Whitcombe Family Archive

External links

1961 births
Living people
20th-century Royal Air Force personnel
Bedford Blues players
Combined Services rugby union players
Crawshays RFC players
English historians
English rugby union coaches
English rugby union players
English sportswriters
Leeds Tykes players
Leicester Tigers players
North of England Rugby Union team
People educated at Bingley Grammar School
Royal Air Force airmen
Royal Air Force Physical Training instructors
Royal Air Force rugby union players
Rugby union players from Keighley
Rugby union props
Sale Sharks players
Sharks (Currie Cup) players
Yorkshire

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<mask> (born December 23, 1953), nicknamed "The Sage," is a former major league manager. He previously managed the Chicago White Sox from 1998 to 2003 and the New York Mets from the middle of 2008 to 2010 and played in the majors for parts of five seasons in the 1970s and early 1980s. He now works as an analyst for MLB Network. He is the father of fashion designer <mask>, founder of the streetwear label Fear of God. Playing career
<mask> played sparingly in the major leagues from 1975 to 1982, mostly as a second baseman. He accumulated only 127 at bats and a .150 batting average with three home runs and 13 RBIs in 96 games. Although his major league playing career was brief, <mask> was the starting second baseman for the Montréal Expos in their only postseason series victory in 1981.He was 1-for-14 (.071) in the series and was replaced by Rodney Scott in the NLCS. Other than Montréal, <mask> played for the Detroit Tigers and the San Diego Padres  and ultimately retired in 1984. In 1972, <mask> and Mike Ondina became the first pair of high school teammates to be drafted in the first round of a Major League draft. Both attended Cordova High School in Rancho Cordova, California. <mask> played just under 100 games. Coaching and managerial career
<mask> held a variety of coaching positions over the next six years. He was originally hired by the Chicago White Sox in 1985 to scout Northern California.He left the White Sox the following year to join the Montréal Expos organization, a team with which he would remain associated for the next 11 years. In 1986, <mask> joined the Expos' Triple-A affiliate, the Indianapolis Indians of the American Association, as a player/coach. <mask> spent the next three years as the

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 Expos' roving infield instructor (1987) and their minor league field coordinator (1988–89). In 1990, <mask> became a manager for the first time as he was named the manager of the Southern League's Jacksonville Expos, the Expos' Double-A affiliate. He led the team to an 84–60 record and was named the league's manager of the year. 1991–2003
Following a successful season at Double-A, <mask> was elevated to Triple-A to manage the Indianapolis Indians for the 1991 season. Midway through the campaign, he was brought up to Montréal to serve as the third base coach for the Expos, ending a minor league managing career in which <mask> compiled a 112–82 record.He remained the Expos' third base coach through the 1996 season. In 1997, he moved on to the Florida Marlins, where he became a bench coach under Jim Leyland. The team went on to win the 1997 World Series. Days after the World Series victory, <mask>'s father, <mask>, died. Over one month later, in December, <mask> signed a multi-year deal to manage the Chicago White Sox. Over the next six seasons, he amassed 500 wins and led the Sox to 95 in 2000 alone. In that season, <mask> guided the White Sox to a first-place finish in the American League's Central Division and was named the American League's Manager of the Year.Following the 2003 season, <mask> was replaced as White Sox manager by Ozzie Guillén. His 2003 Topps baseball card reads:
"<mask> has a philosophical air about him that makes him a sage influence and respected leader on his teams. After six seasons directing the White Sox fortunes, he's risen to fourth on the franchise's managerial wins list. Formerly, he was a pro player for 15 years and 12-year coach/Minor League manager. <mask> and Ken Williams

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Lorenzo Manuel
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 form the first African-American GM/manager tandem in MLB history." New York Mets (2005–2010)

Coach

After departing the White Sox, <mask> joined the New York Mets organization in 2005 as the first base and outfield coach under new manager Willie Randolph. <mask> became Randolph's bench coach in 2006, a position he remained in until 2008.Ever since he was fired by the White Sox, <mask> wanted to manage again. In February 2007, he announced a contingency plan as he was introduced as the man who would lead the formation of a baseball program at William Jessup University, an NAIA school in Rocklin, California. He said he would manage the team when it started in 2009 if he did not get another managing job. Manager
On June 17, 2008, Willie Randolph, pitching coach Rick Peterson, and first base coach Tom Nieto were fired by the Mets. Omar Minaya announced <mask> as the interim manager, while Ken Oberkfell, Dan Warthen, and Luis Aguayo were brought up from the New Orleans Zephyrs (the then-Mets' Triple-A affiliate) to fill the remaining coaching vacancies. In 2008, the Mets were unable to hold a division lead, and ultimately the Philadelphia Phillies clinched the division on September 27. The Mets were then eliminated from the National League Wild Card berth the following day when the team lost to the Florida Marlins 4–2 in the final game at Shea Stadium.On October 3, 2008, <mask> agreed to a two-year deal to remain the Mets manager. The deal included a club option for a third year. On October 4, 2010, the Mets announced that both <mask> and general manager Omar Minaya would not return for the 2011 season. Managerial record

Post-MLB career
After leaving Major League Baseball, <mask> went back to his home in the

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 Sacramento area and started the <mask> Foundation to "Educate African American young men with charter school standards and train them in the fundamentals of baseball." On January 16, 2014, it was announced that <mask> would be brought on as the Director of Baseball Operations at William Jessup University in Rocklin, California. References

Further reading

External links

 <mask> at Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Professional Baseball League)

1953 births
Living people
People from Hahira, Georgia
People from Rancho Cordova, California
African-American baseball coaches
African-American baseball managers
African-American baseball players
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Baseball coaches from California
Baseball coaches from Georgia (U.S. state)
Baseball players from California
Baseball players from Georgia (U.S. state)
Bristol Tigers players
Chicago White Sox managers
Chicago White Sox scouts
Denver Bears players
Denver Zephyrs players
Detroit Tigers players
Evansville Triplets players
Florida Marlins coaches
Hawaii Islanders players
Indianapolis Indians managers
Indianapolis Indians players
Iowa Cubs players
Lakeland Tigers players
Leones del Caracas players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Major League Baseball bench coaches
Major League Baseball first base coaches
Major League Baseball second basemen
Major League Baseball third base coaches
Manager of the Year Award winners
MLB Network personalities
Montreal Expos coaches
Montreal Expos players
New York Mets coaches
New York Mets managers
San Diego Padres players
St. Lucie Legends players
Tiburones de La Guaira players
Toledo Mud Hens players
Wichita Aeros players
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American

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<mask> (February 13, 1914 – October 5, 1999) was an American attorney and Associate Justice of the California Supreme Court. Early life and education
Born in St. Helena, California, <mask> graduated from Germantown High School in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He attended the University of Pennsylvania his freshman year but transferred to Stanford University, where he earned an A.B. with distinction in political science in 1935 and was elected to the Phi Beta Kappa honor society. He then went on to earn his LL.B. from Stanford Law School in 1938. After being admitted to the California State Bar in 1938, <mask> entered private practice in Oroville sharing office space with retired Butte County Judge Hirman Gregory.Military service
During World War II, <mask> entered the U.S. Army, serving from 1942 to 1945 in Europe. He trained at Camp Ritchie in its Military Intelligence Training Center and is considered one of the Ritchie Boys. In 1944, <mask>, a second lieutenant in Army Intelligence, was assigned to the top secret Ultra Project at Bletchley Park (north of London), where he learned that British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was scheduled to address the British Parliament on the status of the war effort in the Balkans. Wearing his US Army uniform and using identification papers from the U.S. Embassy, <mask> talked his way through multiple layers of security and was escorted to a seat in the Distinguished Visitors Gallery next to the Archbishop of Canterbury. By the end of the war, he was a First Lieutenant and had been awarded two service stars. Judicial career

Upon returning to California, <mask> resumed the private practice of law but moved to Sacramento, where he also taught at the McGeorge School of Law from 1946 to 1952. In 1962, he was president of the Sacramento County Bar Association.In 1970, Governor Ronald Reagan appointed <mask> as Sacramento County Superior Court's presiding judge. In October 1971, Governor

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texts: Reagan appointed <mask> Presiding Justice of the California Third District Court of Appeal. <mask> vacated that post when Reagan appointed him as an Associate Justice of the California Supreme Court in 1974. Reagan had wanted to name <mask> Chief Justice of California that year, but Chief Justice Donald Wright refused to retire because he was "frightened" of the prospect of <mask> as Chief Justice. In November 1978, <mask> stood for reelection and was retained. While on the Court, <mask> wrote 212 dissenting opinions and 182 majority opinions. Among his 182 majority opinions, <mask> wrote the Court's opinions in Daly v. General Motors Corp. (1978) 20 Cal.3d 725, applying comparative fault principles to actions brought in strict product liability; Amador Valley Joint Union High School District v. State Board of Equalization (1978) 22 Cal.3d 208, upholding Proposition 13, the initiative that changed California's property taxation system; Agins v. City of Tiburon (1979) 24 Cal.3d 266, denying the constitutional remedy of just compensations to Property owners alleging uncompensated regulatory takings of their land (overruled by the U.S. Supreme Court in First English etc.Church v. County of Los Angeles (1987) 482 U.S. 304),  People v. Scott (1978) 21 Cal.3d 284, outlining the outer limits of searches and seizures of physical evidence from criminal defendants; and Brosnahan v. Eu (1982) 31 Cal.3d 1, upholding Proposition 8, the Victims' Bill of Rights initiative. In 1979 and 1980, he wrote two bellwether opinions reaffirming the constitutionality of California's death penalty law: People v. Frierson and People v. Jackson (1980); <mask>'s opinions helped guide the liberal court toward a judicial acceptance of the death penalty. Of <mask>'s dissenting opinions, many served as models for majority decisions in later years of both the United States Supreme Court and the California Supreme Court. One example of how <mask> was

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texts:
 belatedly vindicated is his dissenting opinion in Royal Globe Ins. Co. v. Superior Court, 23 Cal. 3d 880 (1979), in which he articulated a conservative, strict constructionist theory of statutory interpretation with regard to the question of when a court could find an implied cause of action to enforce a statute. <mask> reasoned that the courts should not imply a private right to sue simply because the Legislature had declared certain acts by insurers to constitute unfair claims handling; in his view, the more rational approach was that the Legislature's silence on the issue meant it had no intent to create such a right, and in turn, the courts must defer to that decision.He attacked the majority opinion (signed by Stanley Mosk) for judicial activism in making it much easier to sue insurance companies. In 1987, the Court suddenly shifted from a liberal to a conservative majority when the electorate voted to eject Chief Justice Rose Bird and two Associate Justices. In 1988, newly elevated Chief Justice Malcolm M. Lucas wrote a majority opinion in Moradi-Shalal v. Fireman's Fund Ins. Companies, 46 Cal. 3d 287 (1988) that overruled Royal Globe, restored the status quo ante (thereby making it much harder again to sue insurance companies), and adopted the rule articulated by <mask> in his Royal Globe dissent. Justice Mosk filed a dissenting opinion attacking the majority for "exalt[ing] principal over principle." Finally, in 2010, Associate Justice Ming Chin held for a unanimous court that <mask>'s theory, as initially adopted in the context of insurance in Moradi-Shalal, was to retroactively apply to all California statutes, including California Labor Code section 351 (which merely declares that tips are the property of employees but does not create an express right to sue employers for seizing them):

<mask> unsuccessfully attempted to convince his fellow justices to move the Supreme Court from its traditional headquarters

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 in San Francisco to Sacramento, the state's capital city.In March 1983, <mask> and his wife attended a dinner given in honor of a visit by Queen Elizabeth II to San Francisco. Post-judicial career
<mask> retired from the Court on December 2, 1983. Upon leaving the court, he served as a Distinguished Visiting Professor of Law at Pepperdine University School of Law in the Spring 1984 semester. Then, President Reagan appointed <mask> as Solicitor to the U.S. Department of the Interior, which was headed at the time by fellow former California Supreme Court Justice William Clark. <mask> left the post in 1985 and became a Nixon Fellow at the Whittier Law School that year. <mask> died at his Sacramento home of complications from Parkinson's disease on October 5, 1999. Personal life
While working as an usher at the local Methodist church, <mask> met <mask>, whom he would marry on January 23, 1943.Their marriage would produce four sons and last for 56 years until <mask>'s death in 1999. References

External links
 <mask>. Ricardson. California Supreme Court Historical Society. Biography. California Court of Appeal, Third Appellate District. Photo of <mask><mask> at his swearing in ceremony. December 1974.California Supreme Court Historical Society Newsletter (Spring-Summer 2013), p. 21. Court opinions by <mask><mask>. Courtlistener.com. Past & Present Justices. California State Courts. Retrieved July 19, 2017. See also
 List of justices of the Supreme Court of California

1914 births
1999 deaths
Stanford University alumni
Stanford Law School alumni
United States Army personnel of World War II
Judges of the California Courts of Appeal
Justices of the Supreme Court of California
Pepperdine University faculty
Whittier College faculty
California judges appointed by Ronald Reagan
California Republicans
People from St. Helena, California
People from Oroville, California
Neurological disease deaths in California
Deaths from Parkinson's

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<mask> (born 21 October 1984) is an English former professional footballer who played as a winger, left-back, or central midfielder. <mask> began his career as a trainee at West Ham United, going on to play senior football at Manchester United, Sunderland, Fulham, Aston Villa and Cardiff City. He was capped eight times for England, scoring twice. Club career

Early career
<mask> was born in Greenwich, London and was schooled at the private and non-selective Riverston School in Lee, London. Growing up he would watch Arsenal with his father Clyde who was a season ticket holder. He began playing football at Parkwood Primary School and his talent was very apparent at this young age, he was made captain of his school team and was invited to train with Arsenal. He then moved to West Ham United where he would begin training professionally.However, before he made his debut for the Londoners, he was signed by Manchester United in 2001. Manchester United
During his first season at Manchester United, <mask> established his place as a regular on United's reserve team. He was given squad number 42 for the first team, but he failed to make his debut with them. He made his first appearance for Manchester United on 23 October 2002 when coming on as a late substitute in a match against Olympiacos in the UEFA Champions League. He then scored his first goal for United in the League Cup on 5 November 2002 against Leicester City. <mask> enjoyed his first breakthrough during the 2002–03 season appearing nine times and scoring a goal for the first team. He also played a role in Manchester United's youth team's win of the 2003 FA Youth Cup.At the start 2003–04, he was given squad number 23 and only appeared three times, all of them in League Cup and FA Cup. During 2004–05, he started to become more involved with the first team. He had already made nine appearances and scored one goal during the

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Kieran Edward Richardson
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 first half of the season. However, during the January transfer window, Alex Ferguson decided to loan him out in order for him to gain more first team experience. <mask> was linked with a loan move to Norwich City, but Ferguson said there was no chance as other players had gone on loan. Former Manchester United captain Bryan Robson, manager of West Bromwich Albion, enquired about loaning <mask>, the deal was done straight away. Under Robson, <mask> made an instant impact on West Brom's quest to escape relegation.He was a regular in West Brom's first eleven, playing in central midfield. He scored three goals from 12 appearances as West Bromwich successfully avoided relegation, despite starting the final day of the season on the bottom of the table. At the start 2005–06, <mask> declined a further loan spell at West Brom in an attempt to win a regular place at Old Trafford. He made his break in Manchester United's first eleven in September 2005, when he appeared as an emergency left back, in place of the injured Gabriel Heinze. He soon returned to midfield however, where he made several good performances. In October 2005, <mask> celebrated his 21st birthday by signing a new four-year contract with United. He went on to appear 36 times and score six goals that season.In 2006–07, <mask>'s chances to establish himself in the first team were limited, mainly playing in the League Cup and the FA Cup. However, <mask> felt Alex Ferguson's wrath as the youngster shouldered some of the blame for United's below-par performance against Crewe Alexandra in the League Cup. Ferguson publicly declared that <mask> and others would benefit from spending some time in United's reserve team. He scored one of United's goals in the 4–1 FA Cup semi-final win over Watford, that put them into the final at the new Wembley Stadium. Sunderland

On 16 July 2007, <mask> joined Sunderland for an

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texts: undisclosed fee, reported to be in the region of £5.5 million. He signed a four-year contract with Sunderland, under the management of his former United captain Roy Keane. After an indifferent start, it was discovered that he had a stress fracture of the spine.This led to him being out of action for almost four months. He scored his first goal for Sunderland on 29 December 2007 against Bolton Wanderers. <mask> scored two goals in the 2–0 win against Portsmouth at the Stadium of Light on 13 January 2008, also striking the bar to miss out on his hat-trick. Since then he suffered a hamstring injury in training then this injury recurred in Sunderland's 3–0 defeat to Liverpool at Anfield. On 23 August 2008, <mask> scored against Tottenham Hotspur in the 56th minute, in a 2–1 win at White Hart Lane. <mask> took a free kick that hit the post three times at Fulham on 18 October, and later had another free kick disallowed as Pascal Chimbonda was adjudged to be pushing in the wall. On 25 October 2008, <mask> scored the winning goal in the Tyne–Wear derby, with a free kick.<mask> attracted interest from Bolton Wanderers in the 2009 January transfer window, but manager Ricky Sbragia insisted that he was not for sale. <mask> scored his first goal of 2009–10 with an equaliser against West Ham United, which ended 2–2. <mask> was used in several positions throughout the season, whilst predominantly featuring in central midfield he also played at left back – his performances there led to many touting him as a surprise World Cup inclusion. In the buildup to 2010–11, <mask> committed his future to the club by signing a new three-year contract. Soon after, he became first-choice left back at the club citing Brazilian full-back Maicon as inspiration for taking up his new position, saying "I watched the World Cup and saw the way guys like Maicon were bombing forward – and I thought "I can do

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 that". He opened his scoring account for the season on 22 January away to Blackpool scoring two goals in the first half. After deploying him in an attacking role, Sunderland manager Steve Bruce hailed <mask>'s versatility saying "I must have asked him to play in five or six positions this season and certainly in that position he enjoys it, it's something he revels in".He then added "He was the outstanding player on the pitch. In the first half he was brilliant, his pace was superb." <mask> scored directly from a free kick in Sunderland's next match, a 4–2 home defeat to Chelsea. <mask> made his 100th Premier League appearance for Sunderland at home to Tottenham Hotspur on 12 February, assisting Asamoah Gyan's opener in a 2–1 defeat. <mask>'s first goal of 2011–12 came in a 2–1 defeat at Norwich. <mask> was on target again in a defeat at Wolves under caretaker manager Eric Black, following Steve Bruce's departure. In this match against Wolves on 4 December 2011, <mask> scored the opening goal, a long range shot from the left, and celebrated by removing his shirt, revealing a T-shirt with the slogan "I belong to Jesus".He was booked for removing his shirt. Sunderland went on to lose the match 2–1.Under new manager Martin O'Neill, <mask> began to make impressive progress after being shifted into his preferred left wing position, making another contribution in his team's 3–2 victory away to Queens Park Rangers on 21 December 2011 after setting up two goals from corner kicks. On 18 February 2012, he scored his first FA Cup goal for the club against Arsenal at the Stadium of Light in the fifth round in which he scored the first goal in Sunderland's 2–0 win. Fulham

On 31 August 2012, <mask> signed for Fulham from Sunderland for an undisclosed fee, reported to be approximately £2 million. He scored his first goal for the club in a 2–2 draw against Southampton on 7 October.


texts:
 Aston Villa

On 11 July 2014, <mask> signed for Aston Villa on a two-year contract and was reunited with his former manager at Sunderland, Roy Keane, who was Villa's assistant manager at the time. He made his debut in a 1–0 victory against Stoke.<mask> got his first assist in a 2–1 victory against Hull City at Villa Park, sliding in a low cross which Andreas Weimann slotted home from 10 yards. <mask> received a straight red card on 13 December 2014 for a late challenge on Stéphane Sessègnon during a 1–0 away defeat to West Brom. After Villa's relegation from the Premier League, on 10 June 2016, it was announced that <mask> would leave Villa on the expiry of his contract. Later career
On 12 October 2016, <mask> joined Championship club Cardiff City on a contract until January 2017. On 29 December 2016, <mask> was released from his contract. On 12 April 2017, <mask> joined La Liga club Granada CF on trial with a view to contract until the end of 2016–17. International career
During his stay at West Brom, he won his first cap for the England under-21 team on 8 February 2005 in a friendly match against the Netherlands.After a series of convincing performances for West Brom, he won a late call-up for England's trip to the United States at the end of 2004–05. He started the match against the United States and scored twice on his England debut, including one directly from a free kick. He earned praise from England manager Sven-Göran Eriksson, who described <mask>'s debut as "fantastic". He also appeared as a substitute on England's second match in the United States against Colombia. After earning senior caps, <mask> also returned to the under-21 squad, playing in both legs of the 2006 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification play-off against France, which they lost 3–2 on aggregate. The decisive goal came in the 85th minute of the second leg, when <mask> brought down


texts:
 Lassana Diarra in the box and the resulting penalty was converted. He then made two further substitute appearances during England's World Cup qualifiers against Wales in Cardiff and Austria at Old Trafford.The latter was his home England debut. However, he was not selected by Sven-Göran Eriksson in England's 2006 World Cup squad. In 2006–07, he continued to be selected by newly appointed England manager Steve McClaren and made several substitute appearances. He went on to make further appearances for the England U21 squad, for whom he was eligible to play until the end of the 2007 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, where he made three appearances. However, he has neither started nor scored for the England senior team since his debut. Personal life
<mask> is married to Natalie with whom he has two daughters, and who was the catalyst for him becoming a born again Christian. In 2007 he said, "I just want to praise Jesus Christ and go to heaven.That's all I care about". Career statistics

Club

International

International goals
As of match played 15 November 2006. England score listed first, score column indicates score after each <mask> goal. Honours
Manchester United Youth
FA Youth Cup: 2002–03

Manchester United
Premier League: 2006–07
Football League Cup: 2005–06
FA Community Shield: 2003

Aston Villa
FA Cup runner-up: 2014–15

References

External links

1984 births
Living people
Footballers from Greenwich
English footballers
England under-21 international footballers
England international footballers
Association football defenders
Association football midfielders
Association football wingers
West Ham United F.C. players
Manchester United F.C. players
West Bromwich Albion F.C. players
Sunderland A.F.C.players
Fulham F.C. players
Aston Villa F.C. players
Cardiff City F.C. players
Premier League players
English Football League players
Black British

masks: Richardson Richardson


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<mask>gen (born 18 February 1990) is a South African former rugby union player that played as a fly-half throughout his career. He represented  in the domestic Currie Cup and Vodacom Cup competitions between 2010 and 2014 and the  in Super Rugby from 2011 to 2013. He also played for the  in 2014 and 2015. He retired after the 2015 season, aged 25. Rugby career

Youth

Van Aswegen was included in a number of youth sides for local province side the  while playing rugby for Hoërskool Standerton. He represented them at the 2006 Under-16 Grant Khomo Week tournament, the 2007 Under-18 Academy Week tournament and the 2008 Under-18 Craven Week tournament. He was named Player of the Day on the second matchday of the competition after scoring a kick in the final minute of their match against  to secure a 19–17 victory for the team from Mpumalanga.He was then named in the northern Under–18 Elite squad after the tournament. In 2009, Van Aswegen moved to Cape Town to join . He played for the  side during the 2009 Under-19 Provincial Championship and earned an inclusion in the South African Under-20 side that played their Argentinean counterparts in 2010. He also joined a training for the South African Under-20s prior to the 2010 IRB Junior World Championship, but failed to make the final squad. Van Aswegen started in thirteen matches for the  side during the 2010 Under-21 Provincial Championship, scoring 207 points and easily finishing as the top scorer in the competition, 41 points ahead of second-placed Marnitz Boshoff of the . He was also largely responsible for Western Province winning the competition, scoring 23 points in their 43–32 victory over the Blue Bulls at . Western Province / Stormers

In addition to his points-scoring exploits for the Under-21 side, Van Aswegen also made his first


texts: class debut in September 2010.He came on as a substitute in 's 2010 Currie Cup Premier Division match away to his former side, the  and scored three conversions in the match, the first a mere two minutes after coming on. He made his home debut against , once again coming on as a second-half substitute and scoring one conversion. In 2011, with just the two first class games under his belt, Van Aswegen also earned his inclusion in the  squad for the 2011 Super Rugby season. With first-choice fly-half Peter Grant only recently having returned from playing Top League rugby with Kobelco Steelers, coach Allister Coetzee decided to start Van Aswegen in the Stormers' opening match of the season against the . Van Aswegen kicked three penalties before being replaced by Grant just after the hour mark as the Stormers ran out 19–16 winners. He played off the bench the following week against the  in a 21–15 victory, but he was mainly an unused substitute for the next few weeks and even dropped down to 's Vodacom Cup squad for their match against . He made one more Super Rugby appearance in 2011, starting their return match against the  in Johannesburg and scoring an early penalty before suffering a medial knee injury in the 13th minute, which ruled him out of the remainder of the competition.Van Aswegen returned from his knee injury during the 2011 Currie Cup Premier Division competition to start their match against , scoring sixteen points in a 26–26 draw, but was once again forced to limp off in the final minute of the match. He once again suffered a tear in the same ligament as before, ruling him out of rugby for the remainder of 2011. Van Aswegen recovered in time for the start of the 2012 Super Rugby season and started the first two matches of the campaign with Peter Grant once again only


texts: returning from Japan shortly before the start of the season. He faced his first international side in Super Rugby with the visit of the  on the opening day and contributed one drop goal in a 39–26 win, with Joe Pietersen having taken over the main kicking duties. The second match was against Durban-based side the , with the Stormers securing a narrow 15–12 win. One more appearance off the bench followed in their match against the , but the injury curse struck again, with an ankle injury picked up during training ruling Van Aswegen out for the remainder of the season. He returned in August 2012 to play in one match in the 2012 Currie Cup Premier Division competition against the  before playing some club rugby for  in the Western Province Super League to regain some match fitness.After one more Currie Cup appearance against , yet another knee injury ended his 2012 campaign. In 2013, Van Aswegen put his injury problems behind him and, after playing three matches in the 2013 Vodacom Cup competition and scoring 27 points, he joined up with the  side once more. He made nine appearances during the 2013 Super Rugby season, contributing 15 points with the boot. A further four appearances followed during the 2013 Currie Cup Premier Division competition, with Van Aswegen scoring 22 points before another knee injury saw him miss the rest of the season. At the start of the 2014 Super Rugby season, Van Aswegen found him behind Peter Grant, Demetri Catrakilis and Kurt Coleman in the pecking order at the . While being included in their squad, he dropped down to the Vodacom Cup squad for the 2014 Vodacom Cup. He started seven out of their eight matches in the competition, contributing 38 points.He also scored his first ever first class try in their match against Western Cape neighbours, the . In June


texts:
 2014, he was part of a Western Province side that played matches against  and , captaining them in the latter match. Eastern Province Kings

In June 2014, the  announced that Van Aswegen would join them on a one-month trial prior to the 2014 Currie Cup Premier Division competition. He successfully concluded the trial and signed a deal with the Port Elizabeth-based side until 2016. Van Aswegen started eight matches for the Eastern Province Kings during the 2014 Currie Cup. He made his debut for his new side against his former side, Western Province, in a 16–35 defeat. He scored his first points for them in their next match, a 19–60 defeat to the , and also contributed 6 points in their final match of the season, a 26–25 win over the  after nine successive defeat earlier in the competition.He finished the season with 30 points, the second-highest by an Eastern Province Kings player behind <mask> Breda and sixteenth overall. Van Aswegen played in three matches during the 2015 Vodacom Cup – scoring in each of those three matches for a total of 10 points – before he once again suffered a recurrence of his knee injury in their match against the . The injury ruled him out of the remainder of the 2015 Vodacom Cup competition, plus the entire 2015 Currie Cup Premier Division. Retirement

Despite linked with a move to Kimberley-based outfit the  for the 2016, Van Aswegen announced his retirement. He suffered a series of knee injuries during his career, which saw him undergo six knee operations, prior to his retirement from rugby, which saw him take up other business interests. Statistics

External links

References

Living people
1990 births
South African rugby union players
Stormers players
Western Province (rugby union) players
Rugby union fly-halves
Sportspeople from Pretoria
White South


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Walter Andrew "<mask><mask>, III (born August 15, 1962) is a former American football quarterback in the NFL for the Pittsburgh Steelers, Philadelphia Eagles, New York Jets, Denver Broncos, and Minnesota Vikings. He played quarterback at Tulane and Northeast Louisiana and was taken in the third round of the 1986 NFL Draft by the Steelers. Brister played his high school football in Monroe, Louisiana, and originally enrolled at Tulane. He transferred to Northeast Louisiana (now Louisiana-Monroe) in 1982. Brister was originally drafted to play baseball in the fourth round out of high school by the Detroit Tigers. He played one season for the minor league Bristol Tigers before attending college for football. College career
Brister began 1983 as Tulane's starting quarterback, before being replaced by Jon English.He then transferred to Northeast Louisiana. Professional career

Pittsburgh career
When <mask> was selected, comparisons were almost immediately made between him and Steelers great Terry Bradshaw, who is also from Louisiana. Over the years, Pittsburgh sports writers and Steelers fans frequently made jokes about Brister's thick Southern accent and perceived lack of sophistication, traits that were similarly mocked in Bradshaw. In a similar vein, his name was often misspoken. In a 1999 Sports Illustrated article, Brister cited "Bubba Brewster" and "Bobby Blister" as common manglings. Brister spent two years as the backup to Bradshaw's immediate successor, Mark Malone, starting two games as a rookie in 1986 and appearing briefly in relief in two games in 1987. In his NFL debut in October 1986, Pittsburgh played on Monday Night Football against rivals the Cincinnati Bengals.Although the Steelers lost 24–22, Brister passed for 191 yards and scored a rushing touchdown. He won a three-way competition for the Steelers' starting quarterback job with Todd Blackledge and Steve Bono. Career highlights during his 1988–1991 run as Pittsburgh's starting quarterback included ranking 4th

masks:
Bubby
" Brister
Brister


texts: in the NFL in average yards per pass completion in 1988 and 10th in the league in passer rating in 1990. Brister had five scoring passes that were 65 yards or longer in 1988, including an 89-yard touchdown to Louis Lipps vs the Philadelphia Eagles on November 13 that was the longest pass completion by a Steeler in Three Rivers Stadium history. In 1989, he set a team record with 15 consecutive pass completions in a road win over Detroit, including a 48 yarder to Lipps. Brister also set a team record in 1989 throwing 178 consecutive passes without an interception. It was 1990 that Brister established career highs for starts (16), yards passing (2,725) and touchdown passes (20).Brister missed 8 games with injuries in 1991, setting up a competition with back up Neil O'Donnell for the starting job. Pittsburgh went 5-3 when Brister played, only 2-6 with O'Donnell as a starter. Brister was the starting quarterback during Hall Of Fame Coach Chuck Noll's final post season run with the Steelers, winning the 1989 AFC Wild Card in overtime on the road against the Houston Oilers, then losing a close game to eventual AFC champion Denver Broncos. Brister led an 82-yard drive at the end of the 4th quarter to tie the Houston game and force overtime. Against Denver, he passed for 229 yards and 1 touchdown, with no turnovers. One of Brister's famous quotes came after a 1991 game between the Houston Oilers and Pittsburgh Steelers. Pittsburgh was getting blown out, and coach Chuck Noll wanted to pull starter Neil O'Donnell and replace him with Brister to finish the hopeless game.Brister replied "I don't mop up for anybody." O'Donnell was starting in place of an injured Brister. Even though Brister was not forced to enter that late-season loss against Houston, he did  supplant the struggling O'Donnell the next week, starting the team's final two games, both wins over Cincinnati and Cleveland. Brister played for the Steelers for 7 years, several of them as the regular starter at quarterback. In


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 1992, new Steelers head coach Bill Cowher chose backup quarterback O'Donnell over Brister, effectively ending his career as a starting player for the Steelers. Still, Brister played a significant role in the team's 1992 success. Brister won two games as a starter for an injured O'Donnell against the Indianapolis Colts and Cleveland Browns.In the Cleveland game, the Steelers needed to win to clinch home field advantage throughout the AFC Playoffs and Brister passed for 223 yards, 1 touchdown, and no interceptions, and had a string of 11 consecutive pass completions in one stretch. In two other games Brister came off the bench, relieving a struggling O'Donnell when he was hurt and led fourth-quarter comebacks over the Seattle Seahawks and Detroit Lions. Later career
After brief stops as a backup quarterback for the Eagles and New York Jets, Brister sat out the 1996 season. In his first season in Philadelphia in 1993, Brister ranked 7th in the league in passer rating and 4th in lowest interception percentage, starting 8 games with two relief appearances subbing for an injured Randall Cunningham. Highlights that season included his 27 completion, 245 yard, two touchdown performance vs. the Super Bowl champion Dallas Cowboys on Monday Night Football, and his 353-yard, three-touchdown performance in the final game of the regular season, again on Monday Night Football, leading the Eagles to a win over NFC West champion San Francisco. Brister's interception percentage that year was the lowest in Eagles team history for more than a decade until eclipsed by Donovan McNabb. His former teammate in Philadelphia, linebacker Bill Romanowski, had signed with the Denver Broncos and, in 1997, suggested to Broncos head coach Mike Shanahan that he take a look at Brister.Brister signed with Denver and became their number 3 quarterback for the 1997 season, backing up Hall of Fame quarterback John Elway and Jeff Lewis. Brister's only significant playing time in the 1997 season came in a week 17


texts:
 game against the San Diego Chargers. Before the 1998 season, Lewis had fallen out of favor with the Broncos; thus, Brister became the primary backup quarterback. During the 1998 season, Elway was forced to sit out a number of games due to injury and Brister started those games in his place. He played well and the Broncos went undefeated in all of his starts (4-0); Brister also broke the team's (then) record for longest rushing touchdown by a quarterback and recorded a higher passer rating than Elway. However, when Elway retired in 1999, Brister was passed over for the starting spot in favor of Brian Griese, and the Broncos released him after that season. During his three seasons with the Broncos, he won two Super Bowl rings.Brister spent 2000 with the Vikings. He signed with the Kansas City Chiefs in 2001 but was cut before the season began. He then retired from football. He finished his career with a passing record of 1,207 completions in 2,212 attempts for 14,445 passing yards and 81 touchdowns. Brister played in three conference championship games and two Super Bowls. After retiring
After retiring from football, Brister spent a short time as a television sports analyst for Fox Sports Rocky Mountain in Denver. In 2003, Brister became the co-host of a hunting and fishing oriented show called Louisiana Outdoor Adventures on The Outdoor Channel.In 2005, he joined the staff of Hunter's Specialties, a producer of hunting and fishing adventure videos. He lives in Mandeville, Louisiana, with his wife and two children. References

External links

1962 births
Living people
Cajun sportspeople
American football quarterbacks
Players of American football from Louisiana
Sportspeople from Monroe, Louisiana
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Philadelphia Eagles players
New York Jets players
Denver Broncos players
Minnesota Vikings players
Kansas City Chiefs players
Tulane Green Wave football players
Louisiana–Monroe Warhawks football players
Bristol Tigers players
People from Mandeville,


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Dr. <mask> (Ross) (15 July 1843 – 21 February 1916) was a physician important to Canadian history and Manitoban history for her role as a pioneer for women in medicine, particularly in Manitoba. Despite never being licensed by either the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Quebec or Manitoba, she was nonetheless able to practice medicine in Montreal and Whitemouth for several decades, and served the community in and around Whitemouth to a great degree during the early years of its development. Early life and family
Born in Darlington, England on 15 July 1843 to her parents <mask> and Isabella Gibbons, <mask> emigrated to Canada in 1848, settling in Huron County, Upper Canada. When <mask> was seven years old, both her mother Isabella and her younger brother died within three weeks of each other due to diphtheria. <mask> attended public school in Clinton, Ontario, and went to finishing school at the Academy of the Soeurs du Sacre-Coeur at Sault-au-Recollet in northern Montreal. During her schooling in Montreal she won a prize in French, which she had studied intensively, and practiced singing under the tutelage of the father of Madame Albani. At about the time that she was finishing her schooling, her father had begun work with the Canadian Pacific Railway, and had become associated with David Ross, a Scottish immigrant and co-worker of Mr. <mask>'s.At the age of eighteen, <mask> married Ross, and would bear three children, Isabel, Minnie and Kate, before beginning her medical education. Medical studies and early career
After marrying Ross, <mask> would take responsibility for caring for her chronically ill sister Mary Anne, an experience that apparently stimulated her interest in medicine. She was encouraged to study medicine by the family physician Dr. William Hales Hington, whom she borrowed several medical books from, despite the disapproval of her father. With the understanding that her husband's work on the railway

masks:
Charlotte Whitehead
Joseph Whitehead
Charlotte
Charlotte
Charlotte
Whitehead
Charlotte
Charlotte


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 out west would mean that her family would have little access to medical care, she decided to enrol at the Women's Medical College of Philadelphia in 1870, as no Canadian medical college was open to women at that time. Women's Medical College of Philadelphia
<mask> studied for five years at the medical college, graduating in 1875. Initially, she decided to leave her children in Montreal to be raised by her husband's family, but decided to bring her two younger daughters to Philadelphia with her in 1871. She was prevented from attending the college in the season between 1872 and 1873 due to a difficult pregnancy, from which she gave birth to her fourth daughter Edith.She finished her education with a thesis on the topic of abortion and women's health, and three months after her graduation she gave birth to her first son, Hales. Montreal
<mask> initially decided not to join her husband out west, and stayed in Montreal, instead running a medical practice to treat women and children, becoming the first female doctor to practice within that city. She did not obtain a medical license in Montreal despite applying for one, but was able to practice under the patronage of Dr. Hingston. While she was successful in her work, she was not welcomed by everyone, and on one occasion returned to her buggy after visiting a patient to find bones scattered across the seat. By 1880, her husband and father had been relieved of their jobs with the Canadian Pacific Railway after encountering difficulties with construction around Cross Lake, and <mask>'s father enabled Ross to take over a lumber mill in the area. Ross moved the lumber mill to the Whitemouth River to the location that is now Whitemouth, Manitoba, before sending for his wife and children in 1881. Whitemouth Medical Practice
<mask> came to Whitemouth in the summer of 1881 with her five children, and treated her first patient the night after she arrived.<mask>'s early patients were

masks: Charlotte Charlotte Charlotte Charlotte Charlotte


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 mostly men, unusual for a female doctor at the time, which was mainly due to the logging industry around Whitemouth and the results of logging accidents that would occur. Many of these initial procedures involved <mask> using her surgeon's skills, amputating legs, stitching wounds and setting broken bones due to the many lumber or axe related injuries to the legs or feet. On one occasion, Ross allegedly treated a man who had received an axe wound to the neck during a disagreement, using an ordinary sewing needle and silk to patch the wound. Profession in Whitemouth
Eventually, loggers would clear the area and settlers would begin to move in, at which point <mask>'s practice began to evolve and incorporate more families As the only doctor within a 100-mile radius, <mask> was responsible for a great many people, and would often go above and beyond the call of duty in treating her patients. To get to them, <mask> would often have to travel great distances without roads, using canoes, ox-teams, horses or sleighs to reach her destinations. Once at her patients homes, she would often not only treat their injury, but also remain at the household for hours in order to clean it and prepare food for the family. Medical License and Registration
In 1887, despite having practiced medicine for years without a license, <mask> applied to the Manitoba Legislature for registration as a physician, and upon her refusal she instructed a Winnipeg legal firm to file an application for a private act that would authorize her to practice medicine.The license itself was somewhat contentious, as there had been a recent border dispute between Manitoba and Ontario, with Whitemouth being near the border. The act was brought forward in the Legislative Assembly by way of a Private Members Bill in 1888, and was opposed by William Fisher Luxton, arguing on the grounds that women doctors should only treat women and children, that <mask> ought to be grouped

masks: Charlotte Charlotte Charlotte Charlotte Charlotte Charlotte


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 with midwives in terms of her profession and that the matter ought to ultimately be decided by the College of Physicians and Surgeons. The bill was withdrawn before second reading, but <mask> continued to practice medicine in Whitemouth for decades despite it. Personal life
<mask> was an important member of the Whitemouth community, and as a devout Presbyterian she ran the Sunday school that her husband had constructed. She welcomed preachers of all major denominations, including Roman Catholic missionary Albert Lacombe, whom she treated for pleurisy in the early 1880s. In addition to her work at the Sunday school, <mask> enjoyed baking, embroidery, knitting and music, especially the piano, and was responsible for cultivating roses which was thought to be an impossible feat in the climate of that part of Manitoba. In 1912, her husband David, who had been suffering from rheumatism, died, and <mask> moved to Winnipeg.She lived there for four years, dying on February 21, 1916 at the age of 74. She was buried by the Knox Presbyterian church, and floral tributes came across Canada in acknowledgement of her career. Legacy
In November 1993 <mask> Ross was granted a license to practice posthumously when Liberal MLA Sharon Carstairs introduced a resolution to that effect in the Manitoba Legislature. <mask>'s granddaughter Edith Ross would present the Dr. <mask> Gold Medal in Obstetrics, awarded to the student with the highest honours in obstetrics in the Manitoba Medical College. The award would originally be granted by the University of Manitoba Medical Faculty Women's Club, but is now being awarded by <mask>'s descendants. A monument has been erected on the grounds of the Whitemouth Municipal Museum in honour of <mask>. The monument has been declared a Historic Site of Manitoba.References

Canadian obstetricians
1843 births
1916 deaths
Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania alumni
Physicians from Manitoba
British emigrants to

masks:
Charlotte
Charlotte
Charlotte
Charlotte
Charlotte Whitehead
Charlotte
Charlotte Ross
Charlotte
Charlotte


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<mask><mask> (July 28, 1934 – August 8, 2011) was founder and chairman of Interface Inc., one of the world's largest manufacturers of modular carpet for commercial and residential applications and a leading producer of commercial broadloom and commercial fabrics. He was known in environmental circles for his advanced and progressive stance on industrial ecology and sustainability. <mask> died on August 8, 2011, twenty months after being diagnosed with cancer. On July 28, 2012, <mask>'s family re-launched the Ray C. Anderson Foundation. with a new purpose. Originally created to fund <mask>'s personal philanthropic giving, family members announced the rebirth and refocus of the Foundation on <mask>'s birthday, nearly one year after his 2011 death. The purpose of the Ray C. Anderson Foundation is to perpetuate shared values and continue the legacy that <mask> left behind.The Ray C. Anderson Foundation is a not-for-profit 501(c)3 organization whose mission is to promote and advance the concepts of sustainable production and consumption. Life and career

<mask> was an honors graduate of the Georgia Institute of Technology in the school of industrial and systems engineering in 1956. He learned the carpet trade through more than 14 years at Deering, Milliken & Company and Callaway Mills. <mask> founded Interface in 1973 to produce the first free-lay carpet tiles in America. Interface is one of the world's largest producers of modular commercial floorcoverings, with sales in 110 countries and manufacturing facilities on four continents. Environmental focus
<mask> first turned his focus toward the environment in 1994 when he read The Ecology of Commerce by Paul Hawken, and also Ishmael by Daniel Quinn, seeking inspiration for a speech to an internal task force on the company's environmental

masks:
Ray C
. Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Ray Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson


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 vision. Hawken argues that the industrial system is destroying the planet and only industry leaders are powerful enough to stop it.In 2009, <mask> estimated that Interface was more than halfway towards the vision of “Mission Zero,” the company's promise to eliminate any negative impact it may have on the environment by the year 2020 through the redesign of processes and products, the pioneering of new technologies, and efforts to reduce or eliminate waste and harmful emissions while increasing the use of renewable materials and sources of energy. <mask> chronicled the Mission Zero journey in two books, Mid-Course Correction:  Toward a Sustainable Enterprise:  The Interface Model (1998) and Confessions of a Radical Industrialist: Profits, People, Purpose: Doing Business by Respecting the Earth (2009). The latter was released in paperback as Business Lessons from a Radical Industrialist in 2011. Recognition and awards
<mask> was featured several documentaries and films, such as The Corporation, (2004 Canadian documentary); The 11th Hour (2007 Leonardo DiCaprio film); I Am (2011 Tom Shadyac documentary); Big Ideas for a Small Planet (Sundance Channel series); and others. The Interface story is the focus of the documentary film “So Right, So Smart” (2009). <mask> served a stint as co-chair of the President's Council on Sustainable Development during President Clinton's administration, which led to him co-chairing the Presidential Climate Action Plan in 2008, a team that presented the Obama Administration with a 100-day action plan on climate. Together, he and Interface funded the creation of the Anderson-Interface Chair in Natural Systems at Georgia Tech, where Associate Professor Valerie Thomas conducts research in sustainability.<mask> received a host of accolades throughout his life,

masks:
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Ray
Ray Anderson


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 including:

 In 2007, he was named one of Time’s Heroes of the Environment. Inaugural Millennium Award from Global Green, presented by Mikhail Gorbachev (1996)
 Recognized by Forbes magazine and Ernst & Young, which named him Entrepreneur of the Year in 1996. The American Society of Interior Designers Design for Humanity Award (2010)
 Lifetime Achievement Award from GreenLaw (2010)
 The inaugural Global Sustainability Prize from the University of Kentucky Tracy Farmer Institute for Sustainability and the Environment (2010)
 River Guardian Award from the Upper Chattahoochee Riverkeeper (2010)
 Sustainability Award from the Women's Network for a Sustainable Future (WNSF), the first time the WNSF has honored a businessman (2010)
 Pillars of EARTH Sustainable Leadership Awards given by EARTH University in Costa Rica (2010)
 Purpose Prize from Encore.org (2007)
 Auburn University’s International Quality of Life Award (2007)
 George and Cynthia Mitchell International Prize for Sustainable Development (2001)

Under <mask>'s leadership, Interface was named to CRO magazine's (formerly Business Ethics magazine) 100 Best Corporate Citizens List for three years. In 2006, Sustainablebusiness.com named Interface to their SB20 list of Companies Changing the World, and in 2006 GlobeScan listed Interface #1 in the world for corporate sustainability. <mask> was former Board Chair for The Georgia Conservancy and served on the boards of the Ida Cason Callaway Foundation, Rocky Mountain Institute, the David Suzuki Foundation, Emory University Board of Ethics Advisory Council, the ASID Foundation, Worldwatch Institute, and the Arizona State University Global Institute of Sustainability Advisory Board. He was on the Advisory Boards of the Harvard Medical School Center for Health and the Global Environment and

masks: Anderson Anderson


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 the Upper Chattahoochee Riverkeeper. He was awarded 12 honorary doctorates from Northland College (public service), LaGrange College (business), N.C. State University (humane letters), University of Southern Maine (humane letters), The University of the South (civil law), and Colby College (law), Kendall College of Art and Design (art), Emory University (science), Central College in Pella, Iowa, (humane letters), Chapman University (humane letters), Clarkson University (science), and the Georgia Institute of Technology (philosophy).<mask>'s papers were donated to the Georgia Historical Society by the Ray C. Anderson Foundation and Interface, Inc. in late 2015. The collection, which includes biographical materials, business records, correspondence, organizational records, photographs, presentations, speeches, writings, travel files, and books, is available at the Georgia Historical Society's Research Center in Savannah. The online finding aid can be found here. References

Further reading
 Becher, Anne, and Joseph Richey, American Environmental Leaders: From Colonial Times to the Present (2 vol, 2nd ed. 2008) vol 1 online pp. 25–27. External links

 Ray C. Anderson Foundation Web Site

 <mask>: The business logic of sustainability (TED 2009)
 The Sustainable Industrialist: <mask> of Interface
 On Responsibility in the Private Sector, keynote speech by <mask> at Rethinking Development (GNH2) in Antigonish, Nova Scotia, June 22, 2005.Sustainable Growth - Interface, Inc., Fast Company, Issue April 14, 1998
 Interface Puts More Distance Between Manufacturing and the Well Head (PDF)

1934 births
2011 deaths
American manufacturing businesspeople
American male writers
Sustainability advocates
Georgia Tech alumni
Place of birth missing
Place of death missing
Deaths from cancer in Georgia

masks:
Anderson
Ray Anderson
Ray Anderson
Ray Anderson