texts:
 As a youngster, he showed an interest in boxing. When he was sixteen, he met Zulema Encarnación Torres, with whom he had his first son, <mask> <mask>. Later, on 11 May 1962, he married Mercedes Beatriz García, nicknamed 'Pelusa.' They were so poor that they did not have enough money to buy the marriage license. They had three kids: Silvia Beatriz, Abel Ricardo and <mask> (adopted).Boxing beginnings

<mask> had his first amateur fight on 2 October 1959. This first fight ended in a draw. Three years later, after a 73-6-8 amateur record, he became a professional. His first professional bout was held on 6 February 1963. He knocked out his opponent in the second round. In 1966, he won the Argentine middleweight title. In 1967, he won the South American middleweight title.After this success, Argentine boxing promoter <mask> Lectoure pushed him into the international boxing scene by organizing fights with foreign boxers such as Douglas Huntley, Charles Austin, Johnny Brooks, Harold Richardson, Tommy Bethea, Bennie Briscoe (a ten-round tie) Manoel Severino and Eddy Pace. World middleweight champion Nino Benvenuti had long had a distinguished career that included championships in 2 divisions and 2 wins in 3 bouts vs all-time great Emile Griffith. He had lost the year before to American Tom Bethea in Australia, but in an actual title fight in Yugoslavia, he avenged that loss. Nobody expected Monzón to beat Benvenuti in their title match (very few knew of him). Yet Monzón applied pressure from the start, and in the 12th, a right hand landed perfectly on Benvenuti's chin, and the title changed hands. <mask> also beat Benvenuti in a rematch, this time in only three rounds in Monte Carlo when Benvenuti's seconds threw in the towel. Champion
In 1971, <mask> became only the second man to stop former three-time world champion Emile Griffith in 14 rounds, and later out-pointed him over 15 in a close fight (before the fight Monzón had to spar three rounds and run three miles in order to make

masks:
Carlos Alberto
Monzón
Carlos Raúl
Monzón
Juan Carlos
Monzón
Monzón


type: original

texts:
 the weight).<mask> then scored a win over tough Philadelphian Bennie Briscoe in their rematch, over-coming a shakey 9th round, in which Briscoe almost scored a knockout; a knockout in five rounds over European champion Tom Bogs, a knockout in seven rounds over Cuban-Mexican José Mantequilla Nápoles in Paris, France and a 10-round knockout of tough Tony Licata of New Orleans at the Madison Square Garden, in what would turn out to be <mask>'s only fight in the United States. <mask>'s middleweight championship title was lifted in 1975 by the WBC for not defending it against mandatory challenger Rodrigo Valdez. Valdez, a Colombian, won the WBC's title, while <mask> kept the WBA's championship. In 1976, they finally met, this time, world champion vs. world champion. Valdez's brother had been shot to death one week prior to the fight and he did not feel like fighting. Still, the fight went on, as they were both under contract. It took place in Monte Carlo.<mask> handed Valdez a beating, winning a 15-round unanimous decision and unifying the world title once again. Facing a lack of good challengers, <mask> was offered a high purse to again fight the Colombian. The second fight was different. Monzón-Valdez II is a classic. Valdez came out roaring this time. In the second round, right cross to the chin put <mask> down for the first and only time in his career. Valdez built a lead through the first part of the fight.<mask>, however, mounted a brilliant comeback and outboxed Valdez for the last 8 rounds, winning a unanimous decision to retain the title and score his 14th title defense. Retirement
<mask> retired after the second Valdez fight defense. His record stood at 87 wins, only three losses, nine draws and one no contest. Of his wins, 59 came by knockout. His only losses were by points and early in his career. In 2003, he was named by the Ring Magazine as one of the 100 greatest punchers of all time. On the independent computer-based ranking of boxrec.com, he is listed as the

masks: Monzón Monzón Monzón Monzón Monzón Monzón Monzón Monzón Monzón


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 twelfth best middleweight boxer of all time.Always known for his overhand right, following <mask>'s victory over Mantequilla Nápoles, Angelo Dundee said: "<mask> is the complete fighter. He can box, he can hit, he can think, and he is game all the way." Before retirement, in 1974, he starred in La Mary, a hit movie directed by Daniel Tinayre. After retirement, he participated as an actor in a couple of Argentine movies, which were not very successful, and TV shows. A monument to him stands in Santa Fe, Argentina. Personal life

Monzón was tremendously popular throughout his career. During <mask>'s fights, Argentina would stand still, cities had no traffic, and all TV sets and radios were tuned to the fight.While filming La Mary, he met famous Argentine actress and model Susana Giménez. They started a tumultuous relationship, which led to <mask>'s divorce. Since then, his glamorous and sometimes violent life was avidly followed by the media. He toured Latin America and Europe with Argentine models and actresses. While still a champion, a darker side of <mask> began to emerge. In 1973, <mask> was shot in the leg by his wife, requiring seven hours of surgery to remove the bullet. In 1975, he began a very publicized romance with Susana Giménez; they had previously met in the 1974 thriller La Mary, directed by Daniel Tinayre, where the two played husband and wife.<mask> hated paparazzi who detailed his affairs. He went to Italy with Giménez to participate in a movie, and started increasingly traveling with her to locations in Brazil and the rest of Latin America, allowing himself be seen with her, although still married. He was accused of domestic violence and of beating paparazzi. Soon the beatings he gave Giménez became public knowledge. <mask> was repeatedly detained by the police. Giménez began wearing sunglasses more often, presumably to hide her bruises, and many times, paparazzi had to be hospitalized from the beatings suffered at the hands of <mask>, who had


texts:
 unpredictable violent outbreaks. During this period, <mask> divorced his wife.Susana Giménez left him in 1978. After the breakup, <mask>'s private life was fairly low key. In 1979, he met Uruguayan model Alicia Muñiz, with whom he had an on-and-off relationship for many years. They eventually married and had a child together, Maximiliano Roque. But his violent behavior continued. In 1988, while vacationing in the resort city of Mar del Plata, after a heated argument, he beat Muñiz. According to the investigation after this incident, he strangled her, picked her up, and pushed her off the second floor balcony, killing her, after which he followed her in the fall, injuring his shoulder.In 1989 he was found guilty of homicide. He received an 11-year prison sentence. In January 1995, <mask> was given a weekend furlough while serving his term in Cárcel de Las Flores, Santa Fe Province, to visit his family and children. On 8 January 1995, when returning to jail after the weekend, he and a passenger, Gerónimo Domingo Mottura, were killed instantly when their vehicle rolled over near Santa Rosa de Calchines. The other passenger, Monzón's sister-in-law Alicia Guadalupe Fessia, was injured. Even in death, <mask> drew a crowd. Thousands sang "Dale campeón" ("Go Champ") during his funeral.Professional boxing record

See also
List of middleweight boxing champions
List of WBC world champions
List of WBA world champions

References

External links

<mask> "Escopeta" <mask> - IBHOF Biography
Sports Illustrated, 8 August 1977, Volume 47, Issue 6

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1942 births
1995 deaths
Argentine male boxers
Middleweight boxers
Sportspeople from Santa Fe, Argentina
World Boxing Association champions
World Boxing Council champions
World boxing champions
International Boxing Hall of Fame inductees
Argentine prisoners and detainees
Argentine people convicted of murder
People convicted of murder by Argentina
Prisoners and detainees of Argentina
Road incident deaths in Argentina
Sportspeople

masks: Monzón Monzón Monzón Monzón Carlos Monzón


texts:
<mask> (born 25 June 1987) is an Albanian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder or a forward. <mask> began his career as a youth player for KF Kristali, before moving to Partizani Tirana. In 2002, he started his professional career with Partizani, playing until 2009 before moving to rivals of Dinamo Tirana. After playing with them for two years, he moved outside of Albania and signed with the Romanian club Dinamo București. After one season with White and Reds, he moved in Ukraine and signed with Chornomorets Odessa. Due to the civil unrest caused by the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, <mask> returned to Albania and signed with KF Tirana, his third club inside of Tirana. An international footballer for Albania since 2008, <mask> has earned over 25 caps for his country.He debuted in 2008 and scored his first goal with Red and Blacks four years later. Club career

Early career
Born in Tirana, Bakaj joined his first club KF Kristali in May 1996 at the age of eight, where he would only remain until October. Despite only playing for the club for less than six months, he still managed to be named the player of the year in the youth league. For the next six months, Elis was trained personally by former Albanian international and Dinamo Tirana player Andrea Marko. In June 1997 he joined Partizani Tirana under the guidance of coach Gazmend Kraja, where he worked his way up the ranks of the club. He amazed the club, including its president Albert Xhani, who in January 2002 sent Bakaj into the club's senior side. Partizani Tirana
He joined Partizani's first team at the age of 15 in January 2002 on a seven-year contract with a minimal wage of just 150,000 Lekë a season.His official Partizani debut

masks:
Elis Flamur Bakaj
Bakaj
Bakaj
Bakaj


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 came in the 2003 Intertoto Cup against Israeli side Maccabi Netanya, where coach Perlat Musta played Bakaj in the final seven minutes of the game. In September 2003, Partizani's new coach Ilir Spahiu sent Bakaj on loan to FC Nacionali, a Partizani feeder team playing in the Albanian Second Division. The Nacionali coach Genci Tomorri gave Bakaj the opportunity of regular first team football, allowing the youngster to show his talent and score goals. In January 2004 his loan was ended and he returned to Partizani where the previous coach Spahiu had left and Sulejman Mema had now taken charge. <mask> scored his maiden Partizani goal on 1 October 2003 in an Albanian Cup match against Fushë Mbreti, netting the fourth in an eventual 6–0 win in the second leg of second round. He made his first ever Albanian Superliga appearance later on 22 February of the following year as a substitute in the 1–2 away defeat to Teuta Durrës. <mask>'s scored again in cup on 24 March 2004 in the quarter-finals against Elbasani; netting the winning goal in the 74th minute to send his side through to the semi-finals.Partizani eventually reached the final when they beat Dinamo 0–1, in a match where Bakaj was an unused substitute. This win constituted his first senior trophy. Dinamo Tirana
On 8 January 2009, <mask> completed a move to Dinamo Tirana for €100,000, becoming the most expensive player in the club's history. He was presented one day later, where he signed a three-year contract, and was given the squad number 19 for the second part of the 2008–09 season. Following his performances with Dinamo Tirana throughout the 2009–10 season, <mask> was named Albanian Footballer of the Year for the second consecutive year, becoming the

masks: Bakaj Bakaj Bakaj Bakaj


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 first player to win it twice. Dinamo București
In January 2011, in the last hours before the expiration of the winter transfer window, <mask> moved to Dinamo București. He signed a contract for five years with the Romanian team.The Albanian squad accepted the offer of €200,000 because he entered the final six months of his contract. He was recommended to Dinamo București by their former glory, the Albanian star Sulejman Demollari, who played for the Bucharest team between 1991 and 1995 and scored 36 goals in 100 games. <mask> made his debut for Dinamo on 26 February 2011, when he played in the last 17 minutes in a Liga I game against Sportul Studenţesc. He opened his scoring account later on 12 April, scoring the third and final goal of the 3–1 home win against Unirea Urziceni. During the 2011 Cupa României Final Bakaj had a firecracker thrown at him by a Steaua București fan, which he managed to dodge. Chornomorets Odessa
On 27 February 2012, he joined Ukrainian club Chornomorets Odessa on loan. He then signed a permanent contract for Chornomorets Odessa outright on a three-year contract in May.Kukësi
Due to the civil unrest caused by the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, <mask> agreed to be released from his contract with Chornomorets Odessa as he looked for a return to Albania. He was reportedly close to signing with his first club Partizani Tirana, but a deal was not agreed to, so he joined Kukësi on 12 March 2014, pending FIFA clearance. He signed a contract until the end of the 2013–14 season, as well as any European games the club would be involved in, should they qualify. His wage was reported to be €40,000, making him one of the highest paid players in the league's history. However, FIFA did not give

masks: Bakaj Bakaj Bakaj


texts:
 him the permit to play, so <mask> terminated the contract and left the club only two weeks following his arrival. Skënderbeu Korçë
After his departure from Kukësi, <mask> joined fellow Albanian Superliga side Skënderbeu Korçë on 9 June 2014 for the club's European campaign. However, he was released by the club after only one month.Tirana
Without playing a single minute for Skënderbeu Korçë, <mask> signed for Tirana on 19 July 2014, a one-year contract, where he was considered as a reinforcement for the club managed by Gugash Magani. He was assigned the vacant number 19 for the upcoming 2014–15 season. <mask> made his competitive debut on 24 August 2014, a debut which brought his first goal as well. He played as a starter in the opening match of the 2014–15 season against Apolonia Fier and scored the opening goal in the 24th minute of the match which finished in the 3–0 victory. In the second match of the season against Flamurtari Vlorë, he delivered the cross that forced goalkeeper Ilion Lika to make a mistake which resulted in an own goal, helping Tirana to prevail 1–0 at Qemal Stafa Stadium. In the matchday 4 against the newcomers of Elbasani, <mask> was sent off in the 91st minute after he insulted the referee Klajdi Kola, resulting in a two-match ban for him. On 18 October, he scored his first goal for the club, a spectacular overhead kick in a 3–1 win against Kukësi at Qemal Stafa Stadium, helping the club to take the league lead temporarily.Later in October, <mask> scored the only goal of his team against Sopoti Librazhd in the second leg of the Albanian Cup's second round, securing a 4–1 aggregate victory and progression to the quarter-finals. He was the Albanian Superliga Player of the Month for

masks: Bakaj Bakaj Bakaj Bakaj Bakaj Bakaj


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 October 2015 after playing four matches and scoring three goals. On 23 November, in the matchday 13 against Elbasani, <mask> made a splendid performance by first providing the Gentian Muça's goal from a set-piece and also scoring a set-piece himself as Tirana bounced back to win the match 3–2 in the very last moments. In the last match of 2015, <mask> netted twice against Teuta Durrës in an eventual 4–2 home success. He started the new year by providing the Ndikumana's winner against Flamurtari Vlorë on 30 January, and scored a winner himself against Vllaznia Shkodër in the last moments of the match. On 18 April, Bakaj scored his tenth league goal of the season in a 3–1 away success against Elbasani. In the last derby of the season against Partizani Tirana on 4 May, Bakaj scored a brace in a 2–2 draw as Tirana lost further ground in the title race.On 11 May, it was raported that <mask> would leave Tirana at the end of the season to sign with the Israeli side Hapoel Ra'anana. In the last match of the season, he scored the winner as Tirana won at home against Teuta Durrës to end the season with honour, despite failing to win the title and to qualify in the European competitions. <mask> finished the season as the team's top goal scorer with 15 goals between league and cup in 32 appearances. Hapoel Ra'anana
<mask> signed a three-year contract with Israelian club Hapoel Ra'anana and was allocated squad number 80. He made his competitive debut with the club on 1 August in the goalless draw against Maccabi Netanya for the 2015–16 Toto Cup Al, playing for 62 minutes. He netted his first goal eight days later in a 1–1 home draw against Hapoel Be'er Sheva, another match valid for Toto Cup Al. Later, on 22 August,

masks: Bakaj Bakaj Bakaj Bakaj Bakaj


texts:
 <mask> debuted in Israeli Premier League by playing 61 minutes in a 2–2 home draw against Hapoel Kfar Saba, which would be his last league appearance for the club.However, <mask> suddenly terminated his contract with the club and become a free agent. The main reason for this, according to the Israeli media, was his fiancée, who wanted to return to Albania. Return to Tirana

After only three months in Israel, on 29 August, <mask> returned to Tirana by signing a one-year contract with an option of a further one, taking his squad number 19. He was presented to the media one day later. He made his return debut on 12 September in the matchday 3 against Bylis Ballsh which ended in a goalless draw at home. He scored his first goal of the season in returning leg of 2015–16 Albanian Cup's first round against Erzeni Shijak, which ended in a 2–0, securing a 3–0 aggregate victory and progression to the second round. <mask> Ballsh, just like "van Basten goal" in the UEFA Euro 1988 Final against Soviet Union, giving his team a 1–0 away win. On 30 November, in the first match at the newly renovated Selman Stërmasi Stadium, <mask> scored the only goal of his team in a 2–1 defeat to Skënderbeu Korçë. He scored his brace of the season on 13 December in the 2–0 away win to Flamurtari Vlorë, taking his tally up to 5 goals. He started the new year by scoring in the team's 3–1 away win against Tërbuni Pukë. He was named the Albanian Superliga Player of the Month for January 2016, becoming the third player to win the award twice. One week later, <mask> scored a sublime free-kick in the 3–0 away win against Laçi, giving Tirana its first win at Laçi Stadium since 5 May 2012 where Tirana won thanks to a winner of Bekim Balaj.

masks: Bakaj Bakaj Bakaj Bakajlis Bakaj Bakaj


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 However, he was booked during the meaning that he would miss the following league match against Bylis Ballsh at home.On 4 March 2016, he got sent off after receiving two yellow cards after insulting the referee Lorenc Jemini in the 2–0 derby defeat against Partizani Tirana despite being on the pitch for less than 10 minutes after coming on at half time. For his behaviour, <mask> was banned for four league matches by the Disciplinary Committee of AFA. <mask> scored his first league hat-trick in a 3–0 home win against Tërbuni Pukë, returning Tirana in the winning ways after six consecutive league matches without a win. Bakaj become the first player to score a hat-trick for Tirana since Bekim Balaj on 23 October 2011. He followed that by scoring the winner against Laçi to keep the European chances alive. Bakaj begun May by scoring in the 2–2 home draw against Partizani Tirana in the "Tirana derby". In the last match at home, he scored the winner Vllaznia Shkodër, which was his 13th league strike, equaling his previous season.On final day of the season, he scored the lone goal of his team in a 2–1 away defeat to Kukësi. He ended his second season with Tirana by scoring 15 goals, including 14 in league, being the top goalscorer of the team for the second consecutive season. RNK Split
On 9 June 2016, he signed a two-year contract for the Croatian Prva HNL team RNK Split, following in the footsteps of Sokol Cikalleshi and Amir Rrahmani. Upon signing, Bakaj said, "I'm very happy for the signing, I know Split very well, thanks to Rrahmani and i hope to reward the trust on me. I don't want to disappoint the club directors and I'll try to reward them with my goals. <mask> made his debut on 16 July in the matchday


texts:
 1 against HNK Rijeka, playing full-90 minutes in a 3–0 home defeat. He scored his first goal of campaign later on 12 August against HNK Cibalia, scoring via a free kick in an eventual 2–2 home draw.<mask> left the club on 14 November after claiming that was not paid during his five months at the club, sending the issue to FIFA, ending his RNK Split career with only 10 appearances and one goal, becoming a free agent in the process. Blocked move to Tirana and Vllaznia Shkodër
After leaving RNK Split in November 2016, <mask> returned in Albania and begun training with Tirana in order to maintain his form. He said in an interview that his intentions were to play outside, but if not he would play in Albania only with Tirana. He continued to train with Tirana in January, and on 26th, he reached an argument with the club for a contract until the end of 2016–17 season. However, a day later, FIFA blocked the transfer due to Tirana's unpaid debts, forcing the club not to transfer any player during January transfer window, leaving Bakaj still without a team. Then Bakaj joined fellow Albanian Superliga club Vllaznia Shkodër on a four-month contract, with a reported salary of €20,000. He was presented on 29 January, where he made his first training session with the team, stating that he "would give his best to help the club reach its goals."<mask> made his competitive debut on 1 February in the first leg of 2016–17 Albanian Cup quarter-final against Teuta Durrës, playing for 82 minutes and receiving positive reviews from the fans as Vllaznia won 1–0. During the match, he was involved in a brawl with Teuta's Bruno Dita, which continued even after the end of the match. Then <mask> made his league debut four days later


texts:
 against Partizani Tirana at Selman Stërmasi Stadium, opening the score with a first-half volley in an eventual 2–1 defeat. Later on his second league appearance against Flamurtari Vlorë, <mask> was on the scoresheet again, netting a 90th-minute goal which was equalizer two minutes later, but nevertheless, Vllaznia won by scoring in the last seconds of added time. One month later, <mask> scored the lone goal via penalty kick in the match against Laçi to give the team three important points in the race for a spot in Europa League next season. In the matchday 32 against Skënderbeu in Korçë, <mask> came off the bench and scored his team 3rd goal (his 5th of the season) to put the visitors ahead, but the home team bounced back and scored 2 goals in added time to win 4–3. The match was heavily contested and was considered as fixed by Federbet, the anti match fixing organisation.On 23 May, <mask> stated that he was not going to play final matchday against his former side Tirana, as he felt "powerless" to play against Tirana, who risked relegation along with Vllaznia. He asked coach Armando Cungu not to call him up for this match, which would decide which team is going to stay in top flight next season. Cungu, however, didn't fulfill his request, answering that he was going to play, but <mask> refused categorically. On the same day, he was released by the club, only seven days from his contract expiration. He finished his Vllaznia Shkodër career by making 13 league appearances, in addition two cup matches, scoring six goals in the process, being the joint top goalscorer of the team along with captain Ndriçim Shtubina. Kukësi return
On 9 August 2017, <mask> completed a transfer to reigning Albanian Superliga


texts: champions Kukësi as a free transfer. He was presented on the same day, where he penned a one-year contract worth €70,000 a season.In addition, Bakaj would also earn €2,000 bonus for each goal scored and €500 for every assist provided in competitive matches. He made his debut later on 6 September 2017 in the 2017 Albanian Supercup against his former side Tirana which ended in a 0–1 defeat. His league debut occurred three days later in the opening match of championship against newbie Kamza, netting the winner via e penalty kick. He scored his first brace of the season on 21 October in a controversial fashion in the 3–0 win at Luftëtari Gjirokastër; the first goal was scored in 19th minute with a shot outside the box after everyone stopped playing after a whistle, thinking it was offisde; the whistle came from the stands and match referee ordered players to resume playing and Bakaj profited from that to score. Following the match, Luftëtari manager Hasan Lika called Bakaj a player who do not respect fair play. Bakaj defended himself by stating that referee told him to resume the game, adding that the goal was a "striker instinct". He finished the first phase of season 10 goals in 14 league appearances.Later on 19 February of the following year, during the league encounter against Partizani Tirana, Bakaj was sent-off in the last moments after insulting some fans in the tribune. Bakaj defended himself afterwards, saying that the insults were against two-three persons, and also added that he "will not allow anyone to touch my family". He was banned for the following two league matches by Albanian Football Association. <mask> finished his Kukësi career by making 25 appearances in total, including 20 in league,


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 netting 12 goals, all of them in league. Shakhtyor Soligorsk
On 4 March 2018, Bakaj completed a transfer to Belarusian Premier League outfit Shakhtyor Soligorsk for €120,000. The transfer was made official five days later, with the player signing a contract until the end of the year. During the presentation, Bakaj stated that he had studied the championship and club before coming, and also added that everything here is super.<mask> took his usual squad number 19, and made his debut for the club on 31 March in the goalless draw versus Dynamo Brest. He quickly become a regular starter in the team, providing several assists in his first weeks in the club, becoming a fan favourite in the process. He opened his scoring account later on 12 July 2018 in the first leg of 2018–19 UEFA Europa League first qualifying round versus Wales's Connah's Quay Nomads to give his side a 3–1 away win. It was his first European goal in 12 years and his second overall. <mask> was on the score-sheet in the second leg as well by netting a penalty as Shakhtyor won 5–1 on aggregate. He scored his first league goal on 16 July in the 2–0 home win against Dynamo Brest, which was followed by another Europa League goal, this time against Lech Poznań in a 1–1 home draw; this meant <mask> has scored in three consecutive Europa League games for the first time in career. On 5 November 2018, <mask>'s performances were rewarded as he was given a contract for the next season by the club.International career

<mask> was part of Albania under-21 team in their qualifying campaign of 2009 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, where Albania was placed in Group 1. He played as a starter in team's first encounter against Italy on 1 June 2007, which

masks:
Bakaj
Bakaj
Bakaj
Bakaj
Youth Bakaj


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 finished in a 4–0 away defeat. In the second match five days later, <mask> was decisive for his team, scoring a winner via penalty kick to give his team a win against Faroe Islands. In the matchday 4 against Azerbaijan on 17 October 2007, <mask> was sent off for a second bookable offence, giving Azerbaijan a man advantage. However, Albania was able to grab a 1–1 draw at Ismat Gayibov Stadium, in Baku. <mask> made his senior debut for Albania on 21 November 2007 against Romania in the final UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying match, replacing fellow striker Erjon Bogdani in the 83rd minute. He scored his first senior international goal against Qatar on 22 May 2012 at Campo de Fútbol de Vallecas, Madrid, Spain.Personal life
He is the cousin of Edvan <mask> who plays as a goalkeeper for Kosovar club Drita. They were also teammates at Partizani and Tirana. In June 2018, he married his Romanian girlfriend Andrea Kostandin, whom he meet during his time at Dinamo București. Career statistics

Club

International

International goals
As of match played 6 February 2013. Albania score listed first, score column indicates score after each Bakaj goal. Honours

Club
Partizani Tirana
Albanian Cup: 2003–04
Albanian Supercup: 2004

Dinamo Tirana
Albanian Superliga: 2009–10

Individual
Albanian Footballer of the Year: 2009, 2010
Dinamo Tirana Player of the Season: 2009–10
Dinamo Tirana Goal of the Season: 2009–10, 2010–11
Albanian Superliga Player of the Month: October 2014, January 2016

References

External links

 Elis Bakaj career statistics at Soccerbase

1987 births
Living people
Footballers from Tirana
Albanian footballers
Association football midfielders
Albania international footballers
Albanian expatriate

masks:
Bakaj
Bakaj
Senior Bakaj
Bakaj


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 footballers
Expatriate footballers in Romania
Expatriate footballers in Ukraine
Expatriate footballers in Israel
Expatriate footballers in Croatia
Expatriate footballers in Belarus
Albanian expatriate sportspeople in Romania
Albanian expatriate sportspeople in Ukraine
Albanian expatriate sportspeople in Israel
Albanian expatriate sportspeople in Croatia
Albanian expatriate sportspeople in Belarus
Albanian Superliga players
Liga I players
Ukrainian Premier League players
Israeli Premier League players
Croatian First Football League players
Belarusian Premier League players
FK Partizani Tirana players
FK Dinamo Tirana players
FC Dinamo București players
FC Chornomorets Odesa players
KF Tirana players
Hapoel Ra'anana A.F.C. players
RNK Split players
KF Vllaznia Shkodër players
FK Kukësi players
FC Shakhtyor Soligorsk players
FC Dynamo Brest players
FC Rukh Brest


texts:
<mask>,  (September 6, 1817 – September 19, 1893) was a politician and a father of the Canadian Confederation. Early life
<mask> was born in Chelsea, England on September 6, 1817. He was the son of <mask>, a Scottish novelist and colonizer, and Elizabeth (née <mask>) <mask>. His mother was the only daughter of <mask>, the journalist and inventor who founded Philosophical Magazine. He was a first cousin of Sir Hugh Allan of Montreal, the owner of the Allan Shipping Line which was the largest privately owned shipping empire in the world in 1882. He was educated at Reading School. Career

He was a member of the Great Coalition government in the Province of Canada that secured Confederation between 1864 and 1867.He became a leading figure in the creation of the Coalition when he was asked to become premier of the Province of Canada by then Governor General Sir Edmund Walker Head. Doubting his own ability to demand the loyalty of the majority of members of the Legislative Assembly, he turned down the position, but recommended that George-Étienne Cartier and John A. Macdonald be asked to become co-leaders of the new government. In return, Cartier and Macdonald asked him to become Inspector-General of Canada. He accepted the post on the condition that Macdonald and Cartier made Confederation a key platform in their new government. In 1858, <mask> <mask> made a motion in the Legislature at Kingston recommending that the Province of Canada ask the British Government to create a federal union of British North America (Canada East and West, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia) and Rupert's Land (owned by the Hudson's Bay Company). The motion succeeded, and <mask>, John Ross, and Sir George-Étienne Cartier went to London to begin the long process of convincing the British to make British North America into the first sovereign Dominion within the British Empire. As Inspector General, Galt reformed the Province of Canada's banking system trade policies.He

masks:
Sir Alexander Tilloch Galt
Galt
John Galt
Tilloch
Galt
Alexander Tilloch
Alexander Tilloch
Galt
Alexander Galt


texts:
 was the main architect of the Cayley-Galt Tariff, which protected colonial businesses and caused consternation in both Britain and the United States. July 1, 1867, Canada East and West, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia became the first provinces in British North America to form the Dominion of Canada. Galt served as the first Minister of Finance in the new confederation. As minister of Finance, he reversed many of his earlier policies, promoting trade within the British Empire. Following a strong disagreement with Macdonald and Cartier concerning the fate of the Commercial Bank of Canada, Galt resigned from government. He continued to sit as an MP until 1872. Nevertheless, Galt remained an important figure in Canadian business and politics.In 1877, The British appointed him as their representative in the Halifax Fisheries Commission concerning American fishing rights in Canadian waters. Following a rapprochement with the re-elected Macdonald, <mask> was sent to London to be Canada's informal representative there. As this was the only important office of the Canadian government overseas at the time, he also travelled to France and Spain to negotiate trade deals with those nations. The British government knew of these trips and was not pleased that Canada had developed a foreign policy separate from the Empire. The British demanded that <mask>'s position be formalized, and in late 1880, he became the first Canadian High Commissioner in London. He left his post on 1 June 1883.

Business ventures

Sir <mask> and his son Elliott Torrance <mask> used his personal connections in Ottawa to arrange for his son Elliot to be appointed as the Assistant Indian Commissioner in southern Alberta. <mask> was certainly aware of the work done by Dr. George Dawson to map the coal deposits in southern Alberta, on behalf of the Geological Survey of Canada.Knowing a railroad was soon to be built in the region, <mask> likely saw the economic potential in southern Alberta's coal. This knowledge and

masks:
Galt
Galt
Alexander Galt
Galt
Alexander
Alexander


texts: planning may have been part of the reason why he secured Elliot a post as Assistant Indian Commissioner. North Western Coal and Navigation Company. <mask> sent Nicholas Bryant and William Stafford to decide on the best location for a mine in southern Alberta. The men took samples at five locations across the region. Stafford decided upon the west side of the Oldman River. On October 13, 1882, William Stafford and a group of miners from Nova Scotia opened Drift Mine No.1 near the community of Coalbanks. <mask> created the North Western Coal and Navigation Company to grow his industry with the participation of English investors, the largest shareholder being William Lethbridge. William Lethbridge was named the president of the company and the growing community called Coalbanks was officially renamed Lethbridge in his honour in 1885. <mask> and <mask> established the Alberta Railway and Coal Company, to build two narrow-gauge rail lines, with the hope that the infrastructure would attract other businesses and settlers to the region. One rail line would go east to Dunmore, near Medicine Hat, and the second line would go south to Montana. Canada's Governor-General, the Marquess of Landsdowne, demonstrated the Dominion government's support of the Galt enterprises, by opening the Galts' railway in September 1885 in Lethbridge. The Federal Government granted large tracts of land in southern Alberta to the Galt's companies in return for building those two rail lines.The Galts wanted to sell that land to colonists and settlers, but the community and the region did not attract new European settlers to move here in the numbers they had expected. Charles Ora Card was sent to establish a colony of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) in Canada in 1886. He selected a spot “3 miles up Lee’s Creek,” the current site of the Town of Cardston. A small group of Mormon colonists arrived to establish the community in June 1887. Card encouraged the Galts to undertake a

masks:
Alexander Galt
Alexander
Alexander
Elliot Galt


texts: significant irrigation project because the area around Cardston was so dry. Even though he was unable to secure financing for the project at a time of nationwide recession, the Galts nevertheless formed the Alberta Irrigation Company to purchase the Alberta Railway and Coal Company land for future irrigation projects. Galt, Charles A. Magrath, the Company Land Commissioner, and the Lethbridge News lobbied the government for almost ten years for additional funding for irrigation projects.In 1896, the Dominion Government and the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) agreed to fund their irrigation plan by supplying cash, by constructing a rail line to the Crowsnest Pass and by writing off the debt of surveying fees on previous land grants. The leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Utah entered into a contract with Galt and Magrath in 1898 to construct an irrigation system in southern Alberta. The agreement required the Church to provide skilled labourers to build fifty miles of irrigation canals from Kimball to Stirling. They were also required to populate two settlements along the planned irrigation line with at least 250 colonists each. These two communities would become the Village of Stirling and the Town of Magrath. Voluntary immigration of LDS colonists to southern Alberta was slow, despite propaganda put out by the Church. LDS Church leaders eventually resorted to calling members on “missions” to build the irrigation canal or to move to southern Alberta with their families to meet the Church's contractual obligations for populating colonies.By 1900, over 95 miles of canals had been completed, including the main canal from the St. Mary River starting from the hamlet of Kimball near the United States border and branch canal to Lethbridge. The immigration boom to southern Alberta began in earnest in 1905. The government, the CPR and Galt and Magrath all heavily promoted the region. People lined up for homesteads every year until the outbreak of the


texts:
 First World War. Galt's sugar beet farms and factory at Raymond and his model farm near Lethbridge demonstrated that agriculture could prosper in southern Alberta. Galt's company, the North Western Coal and Navigation Company went through a variety of name changes as it moved into railways, and irrigation enterprises. Prime Minister Sir Wilfrid Laurier dedicated the 1910 Galt Hospital addition Since the construction of the new hospital Lethbridge Municipal Hospital in 1955, The 1910 Galt Hospital has served as a senior citizen's home, a rehabilitation centre, and as the Health Unit at different times.In 1966, the Sir Alexander Galt Museum moved from the Bowman Arts Centre into the Galt Hospital and occupied the top and bottom floors. In 1979, the Galt Museum & Archives took over the rest of building. The museum has built two expansions to the original building, one in 1985 and the most recent in 2006. <mask> was also the founding president of The Guarantee Company of North America in 1872, providing fidelity bonds to guarantee the surety of employees of railroads and government. The company still exists today as the largest provider of surety bonds in all of Canada in public works and government services. Personal life

On February 9, 1848, Galt married Elliot Torrance (1828–1850), the daughter of merchant and entrepreneur John Torrance, of Saint-Antoine Hall, Montreal. Among Elliot's sibling was Daniel Torrance, who married Sophia Johnson Vanderbilt, a daughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt, and Jane Torrance, who married David Torrance, president of the Bank of Montreal.Galt's wife died on May 25, 1850, shortly after giving birth to their only son:

 Elliott Torrance <mask> (1850–1928), the businessman and developer who died unmarried. Later he married her younger sister, Amy Gordon Torrance (1834–1911). Amy gave birth to seven daughters and two more sons. They lived in Montreal at their house within the Golden Square Mile, which Galt built in about 1860. Galt appears to have

masks:
Alexander Galt
Galt


texts:
 had a very non-sectarian approach to religious faith and although the grandson of a Calvinist theologian, <mask> supported both the Methodist and Anglican churches while his wife, Amy, was a lifelong Presbyterian. Galt was reported to be a Freemason of Victoria Lodge, No. 16 (Quebec) of Sherbrooke.Galt died in Montreal, Quebec on September 19, 1893. He is interred in the Mount Royal Cemetery in Montreal. Legacy
He has a street named after him: Avenue <mask> in the borough of Verdun, Quebec, in the city of Montreal where he had lands. In Sherbrooke, Quebec, he has two streets named after him: rue Galt Est/Ouest and rue Alexandre. The Quartier Alexandre, located downtown, is also named after Galt. There is also a high school in Sherbrooke (Lennoxville) - <mask> Regional High School (http://alexandergalt.etsb.qc.ca/) located close to Bishop's University which is home to approximately 1000 students from grades 7 to 11. The Galt Gardens public park and Galt Museum (formerly a hospital) in Lethbridge, Alberta, are named after him.<mask> was portrayed by Patrick McKenna in the 2011 CBC Television film John A.: Birth of a Country. Archives
There is an <mask> Galt fonds at Library and Archives Canada. Notes

References

1817 births
1893 deaths
Canadian Anglicans
Canadian Ministers of Finance
High Commissioners of Canada to the United Kingdom
English emigrants to pre-Confederation Quebec
Fathers of Confederation
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
Canadian Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
Members of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada
Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from Canada East
History of Lethbridge
People from Chelsea, London
Canadian people of Scottish descent
Anglophone Quebec people
Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
People educated at Reading School
Canadian Companions of the Order of the Bath
Canadian Freemasons
Burials at Mount

masks:
Alexander Galt
Galt
Alexander Galt
Galt
Alexander Tilloch


texts:
<mask> (born 1952 in Fort Kent, Maine) is an American abstract painter living in the Williamsburg neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York, USA. In the fall of 2016, "X/V," a 15 year survey of his work, was organized by the Center for Maine Contemporary Art, Rockland, ME. In 1997 he was elected a member of American Abstract Artists and became President of the group in 2004. <mask> was elected to the National Academy in 2010. His work is included in the public collections of the Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, DC; Cincinnati Art Museum,Cincinnati, OH; Peabody Essex Museum, Salem MA; the Portland Museum of Art, Portland, ME; the Missoula Art Museum, Missoula, MT and the National Academy, New York, NY. Catalogue for “Splendor of Dynamic Structure: Celebrating 75 Years of the American Abstract Artists,”
Herbert F. Johnson Museum, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 2011
Vartanian, Hrag. “Mail Art Bulletin: The Unlikely Mail Artist,” Hyperallergic (blog), June 16, 2011
Greenleaf, Ken.“<mask>’s careful placements at Icon,” The Portland Phoenix, September 21, 2011
Diehl, Carol. “<mask>,” Art in America, October 2011
MacAdam, Barbara. “American Abstract Artists,” Artnews, October 2011
Cohen, David. “Linda Francis, <mask>, Joan Waltemath, Michael Zahn,” Artcritical.com, April 2009
Goodrich, John. “Mark Dagley & <mask>,” The New York Sun,

masks:
Don Voisine
Voisine
Don Voisine
Don Voisine
Don Voisine
Don Voisine


texts:
 January 25, 2007
The Brooklyn Rail, “Art Seen - Review,” Michael Brennan, May 2006
New York Times, “Presentational Painting III,” Grace Glueck April 7, 2006
Artnet.Magazine, "Painting Presentation," Stephen Maine, April 7, 2006
New Arts Program/Berks Community Television, "Interview on New Arts Alive," with James F. L. Carroll, Reading, PA. February 28, 2006. Village Voice, “Odd Artist Out, Chris Martin,” Jerry Saltz, October 12–18, 2005
NY Arts Magazine, “Living History,” Dan Keane, Nov/Dec 2005
Chronogram, “Abstract Thought” Beth E. Wilson, October 2005
New York Observer, “I See a Canvas and I Want It Painted Black,” Mario Naves, August 1, 2005
Portland Phoenix, “Fishlike Fish ‘Sublime Geometries: CMCA at Portland’ at June Fitzpatrick,” Chris Thompson, February 23, 2005
Maine Sunday Telegram, “Eye on collection, insight into collector’s eye,” Phillip Isaacson, December 5, 2004
Interview with Matthew Deleget, MINUS SPACE, November 2003. catalogue for X/V, Center for Maine Contemporary Art, Rockland, ME

Yau, John.catalogue essay for two person exhibition, "<mask> Voisine - Cary Smith" Gregory Lind Gallery, San Francisco, CA

FutureShock OneTwo Internationale Neue Konkrete +, Matthias Seidel(Editor) SURFACE Book, dr. julius | ap  2012
Golden, Deven.Catalogue essay for exhibition at McKenzie Fine Art, New York 2009
Long,


texts:
<mask> (born May 19, 1970) is a Canadian television personality and former politician in Quebec, Canada. He was a Member of the National Assembly of Quebec (MNA), and the leader of the Action démocratique du Québec (ADQ), from 1994 to 2009. After the 2007 Quebec election, <mask> obtained the post of Leader of the Opposition in the National Assembly. Following his party's poor showing in the 2008 Quebec election, he announced his resignation as ADQ leader, and subsequently joined the television network V to host a daily news and talk show, Dumont, which began in 2009. He left that network in 2012 to join the all-news channel LCN. Biography
<mask> was born in Saint-Georges-de-Cacouna, Quebec. <mask> and his wife, Marie-Claude Barrette, have three children: Angela, Charles, and Juliette.<mask> obtained a Bachelor of Arts in Economics from Concordia University in 1993, and completed some graduate work at the Université de Montréal. Political career

Quebec Liberal Party
<mask> bought his first membership card in the Liberal Party of Quebec at age 15. He stated to his school friends that in the future he would be Quebec's premier. <mask> was a former President of the Liberal Party's Youth Commission, but had a falling out with the party following the rejection of the Allaire Report proposing maximalist powers for Quebec after the collapse of the Meech Lake Accord. <mask> called himself and Michel Bissonnet, who preceded <mask> as leader of the Liberal youth wing, the first Liberal sovereigntists. This was the group that led the Liberal sovereigntist faction while Liberal premier Robert Bourassa remained unopposed. <mask> organized the "Liberals for the No side," in the 1992 referendum on the Charlottetown Accord.Action

masks:
Mario Dumont
Dumont
Dumont
Dumont
Dumont
Dumont
Dumont
Dumont
Dumont
Dumont


texts:
 démocratique du Québec
Dumont and Liberal party insider Jean Allaire played a central role in the creation and development of the Action démocratique du Québec (ADQ) in 1994. He succeeded Allaire as leader after the latter resigned for health reasons. <mask> was elected as an ADQ member of the National Assembly for Rivière du Loup in the 1994, 1998, 2003, 2007 and 2008 elections. In the 1995 Quebec referendum, <mask> joined with Parti Québécois Premier Jacques Parizeau and Bloc Québécois leader Lucien Bouchard, who wooed him and with whom he remains close, in support of the sovereigntist campaign. <mask> revealed to Journalist Chantel Herbert and Jean Lapierre that they planned to use 1995 Quebec Referendum as a way to advocate for a new partnership between Quebec and Canada. However, Parizeau advocated for separation; so both Bouchard and <mask> followed his direction. In subsequent years, however he changed positions on the issue, arguing that the sovereignty question had been decided and that Quebecers had no desire to revisit it.In the years that followed, the constitutional position of the ADQ changed to favour Quebec autonomism, supporting increased powers and responsibilities for Quebec while remaining within Canada. In practical terms, <mask> has supported the creation of a Quebec constitution, the change of the province's name to that of the "autonomous state of Québec", and the collection of all taxes by the provincial government, with the funds necessary for the federal government to fulfill its constitutional responsibilities being transferred to it by the province. Since the 1998 provincial election, <mask> has distinguished himself primarily for his stances on economic issues, which are generally considered

masks: Dumont Dumont Dumont Dumont Dumont Dumont


texts:
 to be right of centre in the context of the predominantly social-democratic Quebec political scene. He advocates the payment of a cash allowance to parents who do not wish to make use of the province's $7 a day daycare program, changes to the provincial health system that would allow private for profit health care and private health insurance alongside the public system, the abolition of school boards, the encouragement of private education, a tougher criminal justice system, reductions in the size of the provincial bureaucracy, and the repayment of the province's $127 billion government debt. <mask> was personally very popular, and for most of his career was far more popular than the ADQ as a whole. In fact, for many years, the ADQ tried to capitalize on <mask>'s personal popularity by using the official name Action démocratique du Québec-Équipe Mario <mask> (Action démocratique du Québec-Team Mario Dumont). However, this didn't translate to support for his party; it never won much support in Montreal or the Outaouais.2007 Quebec election
In the 2007 Quebec election, the ADQ won 41 seats with 31% of the popular vote, and formed the Official Opposition in the National Assembly. Prior to the dissolution of the National Assembly, the ADQ had held only five seats, and as a result did not have official party status. Despite becoming the Official Opposition, the ADQ was almost nonexistent in several of the province's major cities. It won almost no seats in Montreal, Gatineau, Saguenay, Longueuil, Laval and Sherbrooke. Tasha Kheiriddin argued that his result would have given right-of-centre currents swirling in Quebec politics. 2008 Quebec election
On October 23, 2008, two ADQ MNAs, André Riedl and Pierre-Michel Auger, crossed

masks: Dumont Dumont Dumont


texts:
 the floor to the governing Liberal Party, embarrassing Dumont. Quebec premier Jean Charest subsequently called a snap election for December 8, 2008.A Léger Marketing poll conducted between Friday, November 14 and Monday, November 17, showed the Liberals with 44% support, the PQ with 33%, and the ADQ with 15%. The ADQ won a meagre seven seats (17% of the vote) in the election. Following this poor showing, <mask> retired from politics on election night. Television career

At TQS' 2009 upfronts presentation, it was announced that <mask> would join the network in the fall as host of a daily news and information series, Dumont 360. The series launched in September 2009, shortly after the network was rebranded as V.

In 2012, <mask> moved to LCN and began a new show called Dumont. Since 2018, he has also hosted his own radio show, Le retour de <mask>, on QUB Radio. Votes of confidence

Bibliography
L'Instinct <mask>, Denis Lessard (Quebec: Voix Paralleles, 2007)

Electoral record

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References

External links

Genealogy : <mask>

1970 births
Action démocratique du Québec MNAs
Concordia University alumni
French Quebecers
Living people
People from Rivière-du-Loup
Quebec political party leaders
Canadian television hosts
Quebecor people
21st-century Canadian

masks:
Dumont
Dumont
Dumont
Mario Dumont
Dumont
Mario Dumont


texts:
<mask>, (March 22, 1918 – August 21, 2008) was an American film and television actor and radio announcer. He is probably best known for his role as Brent Tarleton in the 1939 film, Gone with the Wind, speaking the opening lines in the movie during the opening scene with Scarlett O'Hara (Vivien Leigh) and Stuart Tarleton (George Reeves). Biography
<mask> was born in New Orleans, Louisiana in 1918. Along with his brothers John and Harry, he grew up on General Pershing St. and went to the MacDonough #13 and Alcee Fortier schools. His father was a dentist, whose father and grandfather also were dentists. <mask> was to break the trend, getting into acting and football at both Loyola and Tulane Universities. His first job in his teens was working in his spare time for an ice delivery service, back before electric refrigerators had caught on.Around the time he was 20, his mother gave him that legendary "$50 and a suitcase" to come out to Hollywood and get into motion pictures, impressed that a neighbor's daughter had signed a movie contract, but also knowing that her son had the mettle to perform (on stage at college, and later in film, television and radio). At first he stayed with relatives as well as taking a job at the local zoo to pay the rent, after which at night he would read books to a relative whose vision was deteriorating. It wasn't too long before he was invited on that fateful trip to Selznick International Pictures, where his cousin, Leatrice Joy Gilbert, (daughter of Leatrice Joy) was going to audition for the part of Suellen in the movie, "Gone With the Wind." He was taking in all the sights and sounds of the studio, when during a discussion, his authentic Southern accent combined with striking good looks landed him a meeting with

masks:
Herman Frederick Crane
Crane
Fred


texts: Gone With The Wind first director George Cukor and producer David O. Selznick, which led to a script reading with Vivien Leigh, who had been chosen to play Scarlett O'Hara. Selznick was impressed, and signed <mask> to a 13-week contract at $50 a week. Even though he had not intended to try out for a job that day, <mask>'s many years of study and immersion into the arts gave him remarkable abilities as a renaissance raconteur, able to recite verse on the spur of the moment, or launch into any one of thousands of songs from the spark of a conversation... and his voice and quick wit helped him meet the challenges of many opportunities, whether acting or as a craftsman. <mask> played the part of Brent Tarleton, one of Scarlett's suitors, and spoke the opening lines in the film.One of the lasting Trivial Pursuit questions was initiated for all time, when an error in the credits listed his name as Stuart, who was actually played by George Reeves, who among his many roles, is also fondly remembered as Superman in the TV series. It was deemed too costly to fix this, so it endures this way, but when watching and listening to the dialogue, it is clear who George and <mask> play in the movie. Brent speaks the opening lines of the movie, "What do we care if we were expelled from college, Miss Scarlett? The war's going to start soon, so we would have left college anyhow." He did not attend the film's 1939 premiere in Atlanta, although he attended the premiere in Los Angeles with his good friend and "twin," George Bessolo Reeves, at Carthay Circle Theatre. In later years (June 1998), he was one of the special guests at the celebrity-studded premiere screening of the restored version of Gone With The Wind hosted by Ted Turner in Atlanta. In 1940, he

masks: Crane Fred Fred Fred


texts: married his first wife, Marcelle Dudley, and later went on to marry another four times.As he began a family, World War II limited his options as acting work was difficult to come by, and so he began tutoring at Crossroads of the World, one of his film students being Gene L. Coon (well known for his work on the first season of Star Trek: The Original Series), and also working in a munitions factory until the war came to a close. Shortly afterward in 1946, he interviewed with Errett Lobban Cord, then-owner of KFAC (1330 AM), which had recently completed an evolution to a fine arts/classical music format. <mask> was hired part-time, (a second vocation attributed to his vocal prowess) for his exquisite speaking voice and extensive familiarity with musical compositions. He had done and continued to do other radio programs simultaneously, such as staff voice actor on The Jack Benny Program (on NBC Radio), and other announcing roles. He had mastered a remarkable talent for not only the retention of information, performances and musical acuity in general, but classical music in particular (and the capable pronunciation of all the languages and dialects that entails), partly from his college studies, but also a great deal from being a very dedicated follower of the Walter Damrosch radio program for many of his younger years. He continued to dabble in film, working on the Cisco Kid television series (one of the first to be shot in color) in an episode entitled The Gay Amigo (1949), with Duncan Renaldo as the Kid and Leo Carrillo as Pancho. He eventually appeared in several TV shows, including guest roles and staff roles on shows such as Lost in Space, Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea, Twilight Zone, Peyton Place, Lawman, Hawaiian Eye, and 77 Sunset


texts: Strip.He also appeared on General Hospital later in the 1970s, and continued taking on occasional jobs in narration. His family continued to grow, leading him to explore other, more dependable work options as well, as many struggling actors would attest. He spent several years working at a pharmacy, several more years as a fine tools machinist and inspector, and several years in housing construction partnership, all the while working part-time at KFAC until a full-time position opened up in the 1960s. About a decade later, he was promoted to AM Program Director (Carl Princi was the FM Director) in addition to the duties of performing his 6-hour morning show live (Hark, the Glad Sounds), and recording voice tracks and commercials for the all-night show (Music Out of the Night) for several hours each weekday after his show completed at noon. His show was frequently in the top 5 of drive-time popularity, ranked by polls in the Los Angeles Herald-Examiner during that time. As a signature opening for his radio show, he'd often start with the great opening of "Gone With The Wind", and then his introduction. He would not mention it, but it was a light remembrance of his having the first line in GWTW.<mask> continued with the radio station after it moved from Prudential Square (near Wilshire and La Brea) to new quarters on Yucca St. in Hollywood, until the day when most of the older staff were dismissed without notice in 1987. Those who were fired eventually won their case against this issue in an age discrimination suit. <mask> continued to work in radio for several years after that, at KKGO, which was partly jazz, partly classical programming at that time. He semi-retired in the 1990s, beginning a tour of several years of appearances for fans

masks: Fred Fred


texts:
 and special events, as well as cruise ship lectures and continuing on charity fundraisers for PBS station KCET. The new millennium took him full circle back to the Southern states, where he and his fifth wife, Terry Lynn, bought an antebellum mansion in Barnesville, Georgia and turned it into Tarleton Oaks, a bed-and-breakfast with a Gone With The Wind museum, where guests could view artifacts from the film. Tarleton Oaks was sold at an auction in 2007 due to <mask>'s failing health, and as a part of the experience attendees were treated to a few hours of fond recollections from his early days in the film industry. Around 2003, <mask> had developed difficulties with diabetes, which he unfortunately acquired shortly after his second heart surgery.He'd had successful surgery to repair a vein in his leg, which had limited circulation due to the combination of diabetes and a previous heart operation in which the vein had been removed for heart bypass surgery. Unfortunately, infection had escalated in the leg, prolonging the hospital stay, and he contracted a pulmonary embolism a few days later, passing away at 12:10 p.m. Eastern Time on August 21, 2008. He was the last male surviving actor who played an adult role in the film, leaving the two remaining males Mickey Kuhn, who played Beau Wilkes as a child, and Patrick Curtis, who was one of several infants who played Melanie's baby in GWTW. "I am but a small shard in a grand mosaic." – <mask>

Filmography

References

External links

 , with makeup still from Gone With the Wind, with George Reeves

1918 births
2008 deaths
20th-century American male actors
American male film actors
American male television actors
Loyola University New Orleans alumni
Male actors from New Orleans
Tulane

masks:
Crane
Fred
Fred Crane


texts:
<mask> (14 April 192218 June 2009) was an Indian Hindustani classical musician of the Maihar gharana, known for his virtuosity in playing the sarod. Trained as a classical musician and instrumentalist by his father, <mask>, he also composed numerous classical ragas and film scores. He established a music school in Calcutta in 1956, and the Ali Akbar College of Music in 1967, which moved with him to the United States and is now based in San Rafael, California, with a branch in Basel, Switzerland. <mask> was instrumental in popularizing Indian classical music in the West, both as a performer and as a teacher. He first came to America in 1955 on the invitation of violinist Yehudi Menuhin and later settled in California. He was a Distinguished Adjunct Professor of Music at the University of California, Santa Cruz. <mask> was accorded India's second highest civilian honour, the Padma Vibhushan, in 1989.Nominated five times for the Grammy Award, <mask> was also a recipient of the MacArthur Fellowship and the National Endowment for the Arts' National Heritage Fellowship. Childhood and training
<mask> <mask> was born in the village of Shibpur, Brahmanbaria, in present-day Bangladesh, to renowned musician and teacher, Allauddin <mask> and Madina Begum. Soon after his birth, <mask>'s family returned to Maihar (in present-day Madhya Pradesh, India) where his father was the primary court musician for the Maharaja of the princely state. From an early age <mask> received training from his father in various instruments as well as vocal composition, but finally gravitated towards the sarod. Allauddin was a perfectionist and a strict taskmaster, and <mask>'s lessons started before dawn and often lasted 18 hours a day. <mask> also learned to play the tabla and the pakhavaj from his uncle, Aftabuddin <mask>, who he visited at Shibpur. During this period he met several prominent musicians, such as the sarodist Timir Baran and flautist Pannalal Ghosh, who came to

masks:
Ali Akbar Khan
Allauddin Khan
Khan
Khan
Khan
Ali Akbar
Khan
Khan
Khan
Khan
Khan
Khan
Khan


texts:
 study with his father; in later years he was joined in his lessons by his sister Annapurna Devi, who became an accomplished player of the surbahar, and fellow student Ravi Shankar.Shankar and Annapurna Devi were married in 1941. Of his training on the sarod, he wrote:

Career

<mask>, after years of rigorous training, gave his debut performance at a music conference in Allahabad in 1936, at the age of 13. Three years later, in December 1939, he accompanied Ravi Shankar on the sarod during the latter's debut performance at the same conference; this was the first of many jugalbandis (duets) between the two musicians. In 1938 <mask> gave his first recital on All India Radio (AIR), Bombay (accompanied on the tabla by Alla Rakha), and starting in January 1940, he gave monthly performances on AIR, Lucknow. Finally in 1944, both Shankar and <mask> left Maihar to start their professional careers as musicians; Shankar went to Bombay, while <mask> became the youngest Music Director for AIR, Lucknow, and was responsible for solo performances and composing for the radio orchestra. In 1943, on his father's recommendation, <mask> was appointed a court musician for the Maharaja of Jodhpur, Hanwant Singh. There, he taught and composed music besides giving recitals and was accorded the title of Ustad by the Maharaja.When the princely states were wound down with India's independence in 1947 and Hanwant Singh died in a plane crash in 1948, <mask> moved to Bombay. In Bombay, he won acclaim as a composer of several film scores, including Chetan Anand's Aandhiyan (1952). Lata Mangeshkar sang the title song, "Har Kahin Pe Shaadmani" and as a token of her respect to sarod maestro, did not charge any fee. This was followed by Satyajit Ray's Devi (1960), Merchant-Ivory's The Householder, and Tapan Sinha's Khudito Pashan ("Hungry Stones", 1960), for which he won the "Best Musician of the Year" award. He also played Sarod for a song in 1955 film Seema which had the

masks: Khan Khan Khan Khan Khan Khan


texts:
 music composed by Shankar Jaikishan. Later in 1993, he would score some of the music for Bernardo Bertolucci's Little Buddha. Beginning in 1945, <mask> also started recording a series of 78 rpm disks (which could record about three minutes of music) at the HMV Studios in Bombay.For one such record he conceived a new composition Raga Chandranandan ("moonstruck"), based on four evening ragas, Malkauns, Chandrakauns, Nandakauns and Kaushi Kanada. This record was a huge success in India, and the raga found a worldwide audience, when a 22-minute rendition was re-recorded for the Master Musician of India LP in 1965 − one of <mask>'s seminal recordings. He performed in India and traveled extensively in the West. In 1956, <mask> founded the Ali Akbar College of Music in Calcutta, with the mission to teach and spread Indian classical music. He founded another school of the same name in Berkeley, California in 1967 and later moved it to San Rafael, California. <mask> performed in Boston with Shankar Ghosh in 1969 for the Peabody Mason Concert series. In 1985 he founded another branch of the Ali Akbar College of Music in Basel, Switzerland.<mask> was the first Indian musician to record an LP album of Indian classical music in the United States and to play sarod on American television. <mask> has participated in a number of classic jugalbandi pairings, most notably with Ravi Shankar, Nikhil Banerjee and violinist L. Subramaniam. A few recordings of duets with Vilayat <mask> also exist. He also collaborated with Western musicians; he taught Grateful Dead drummers Mickey Hart and, by extension, Bill Kreutzmann. In August 1971, <mask> performed at Madison Square Garden for the Concert for Bangladesh, along with Ravi Shankar, Alla Rakha and Kamala Chakravarty; other musicians at the concert included George Harrison, Bob Dylan, Eric Clapton and Ringo Starr. A live album and a movie of the event were later released. Illness and death
<mask> was based in the

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 United States for the last four decades of his life.He toured extensively until he was prevented from doing so by ill health. He had been a dialysis patient since 2004. He died from kidney failure at his home in San Anselmo, California. Personal life
<mask> married three times (first Zubeida Begum, then Rajdulari <mask>a, and finally <mask>). Six of his children and one grandson are musicians:  Aashish <mask> (b 1939, sarod), Dhyanesh <mask> (1941–90; sarod), Ameena Perrera (Sitar), Pranesh <mask> (tabla), Rajesh <mask> (sarod), Alam <mask> (b 1982, sarod), Manik <mask> (b 1986, Sarod); and his grandson, Shiraz <mask> (sarod). Awards
<mask> was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1967 and the Padma Vibhushan in 1989, among other awards. He received a MacArthur Fellowship in 1991, the first Indian musician to receive the so-called "genius grant".In 1997, <mask> received the National Endowment for the Arts' prestigious National Heritage Fellowship, the United States' highest honour in the traditional arts. <mask> received five Grammy nominations over the course of his life. Selected discography
With John Handy:
Karuna Supreme (MPS, 1976)
Rainbow (MPS, 1981)
With Ravi Shankar:
The Master Musicians of India (Prestige, 1964)
Solo Albums:
Sound of the Sarod: Recorded in Concert (World Pacific) (recorded in LA, c1962)
The Classical Music of India  (Prestige, 1964)
Bear's Sonic Journals: That Which Colors the Mind (Owsley Stanley Foundation, 2020)

References

Cited sources

External links

Ali Akbar College of Music

1922 births
2009 deaths
Bengali musicians
Deaths from kidney failure
Hindustani instrumentalists
Indian film score composers
MacArthur Fellows
Maihar gharana
National Heritage Fellowship winners
People from Comilla District
Pupils of Allauddin <mask>
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts
Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in arts
Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship
Sarod players
Indian Muslims
20th-century Indian male classical

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Khan
Khan Sahib
Mary Khan
Khan Debasharma
Khan
Khan
Khan
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Ali Khan
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texts:
<mask>, known as the "Father of Dogri" for his pivotal role in the revival and resurgence of the Dogri language, was born on 15 April 1914. He was a versatile and prolific litterateur who excelled as Dogri poet, dramatist, fiction writer, lexicographer, essayist, educationist, translator, and editor. Through his writings in the various genres he has succeeded in urshering Dogri language on the national stage. In 2001, he was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship, awarded by the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters, the highest literary honour conferred by the Government of India. Early life and career
Prof. <mask>'s father, Vaid Gauri Shankar, was an Ayurvedic doctor and originally belonged to a small village Marhi in Reasi tehsil of Udhampur district (now Reasi district). For better prospects, he moved to Jammu. Initially, he wanted <mask> to adopt the same profession and instructed him to learn Sanskrit.All ancient scriptures being in Sanskrit, it would be immensely helpful as an Ayurvedic doctor. He joined Ranbir Sanskrit Pathshala at the Ranbir High School. After which, he did post graduation in Sanskrit and Prabhakar in Hindi. He started his career as a high school Sanskrit teacher for 5 years and later he became a college lecturer. In 1944, on the day of Basant Panchami, along with a few friends, he established the Dogri Sanstha. Every upcoming writer in the Dogri language would first enroll himself in the Sanstha .Dogri is highly indebted to Professor <mask> <mask>, who is always giving it his paternal

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Padma Shri Ram Nath Shastri
Shastri
Ram Nath
Ram Nath
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 blessings. He also edited the Dogri literary periodical Nami Chetna of the Sanstha.In 1970, on the occasion of the Silver Jubilee Celebration of Dogri Sanstha, he edited the RAJAT JAYANTI GRANTH in which research oriented articles on Dogra life, art, culture, literature and history were put together. In 1970, he retired as a professor in the J&K State Education Department. From 1970 to 1975 he has been a Senior Fellow of Dogri in the University of Jammu. From 1977 to 1985, as Chief Editor in J&K Cultural Academy he edited the 'Dogri – Dogri Dictionary′ which is regarded as a monumental addition to the development of the Dogri language for J and K Cultural Academy. He died on 8 March 2009, in Jemmu. Literary achievements
Professor <mask> began his literary career with the writing of Hindi short stories and essays as Dogri was more of a regional local language with insignificant literary history. Later, he resolved to be at the forefront of the Dogri literacy movement.Later, in 1943 he along with his fellow writers, switched over to writing in his mother tongue Dogri, giving impetus to the spirit of renaissance in the community to recognise and appreciate the beauty of their language He has contributions in different genres to his credit and he worked tirelessly to promote the Dogri Language. Prof. <mask> presented an ideology that he believed in, shunning old and outdated values and embracing values like- fairness, equality and individual heroism. His writings have undercurrents of satire and irony as he exposes the double

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 standards of our society. He always placed emphasis on writing biographies of dogri heroes, who challenged establishment and followed a track unvisited by others. When asked to write his own autobiography, he was hesitant as his humility would pose a major hurdle in doing so. Major literary works include
 Dharti Da Rin is a collection of poems he wrote over a thirty -five-year period. Badnami Di Chhan- Collection of Dogri short stories.My classroom, I hope God does not bring me back here again)

TALKHIYAN (Collection of Dogri Gazals)
Dharm de naa cha inna Kura,
Kee nayi issi tili lagande
(So much rubbish in the name of religion; why don't you just forget it?) Changa ai ke marha hai, jiyan bhi hai, Kirdaar mera ai
(Good or bad, this character is at least mine)

Honors and awards
 2001—59th Sahitya Akademi Fellowship-highest literary honour conferred by the Government of India for his contribution to Dogri Language
 1990—Padma Shri Award, India's fourth highest civilian honour for Literature & Education
 1994—D.Litt. (Honoris Causa) from University of Jammu
 1977—Sahitya Akademi Award for his short story collection – Badnami Di Chaan
 1991—State Akademi Award for the collection of Dogri gazals – TALKHIYAN
 1989—Sahitya Akademi Translation Prize in 1989 for the Dogri Translation of the Sanskrit Drama, Mrichakatika   as Mitti Di Gaddi. 1981—State Academy Award for his Dogri prose work – Duggar De Lok Nayak. His happiest moment
Describing Central Government's decision to include Dogri in the 8th Schedule of the Constitution in


texts:
 December 2003, as the happiest moment of his life, <mask> Shastri, said: "This has ended the long struggle of the Dogri-speaking people for a rightful place for their language. (Prime Minister) Atal Bihari Vajpayee has fulfilled his promise to Jammuites." Other writers' comments
<mask> Rath, an eminent Oriya poet and president of Sahitya Akademi says, " There are few in India and elsewhere in the world who excel in so many areas of literature.”

Eminent Dogri litterateur Padma Sachdev says, "Professor <mask>nath Shastri is the Bharatendu Harishchandra of Dogri.There is not a single person, who is writing in Dogri now has not been influenced by him Not a single word is there in Dogri on which his stamp has not been registered.”

References

seminar on life of Prof. <mask> <mask> commences, December 9, 2010
Jammu Writers & Authors
Two decades of Dogri literature --- Shivanath

1914 births
2009 deaths
Dogri language
Indian male short story writers
Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Dogri
Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship
Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature & education
Translators from Sanskrit
People from Reasi district
20th-century Indian poets
20th-century Indian translators
20th-century Indian short story writers
Poets from Jammu and Kashmir
Indian male poets
20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights
Indian male dramatists and playwrights
Dramatists and playwrights from Jammu and Kashmir
20th-century Indian male writers
University of Jammu faculty
Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Prize for

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Ram Nath
Ramnath
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Ram Nath
Shastri


texts: <mask> (born <mask>; April 23, 1928 – February 10, 2014) was an American actress, singer, dancer, and diplomat who was Hollywood's number one box-office draw as a child actress from 1934 to 1938. As an adult, she was named United States ambassador to Ghana and Czechoslovakia, and also served as Chief of Protocol of the United States. <mask> began her film career at the age of three in 1931. Two years later, she achieved international fame in Bright Eyes, a feature film designed specifically for her talents. She received a special Juvenile Academy Award in February 1935 for her outstanding contribution as a juvenile performer in motion pictures during 1934. Film hits such as Curly Top and Heidi followed year after year during the mid-to-late 1930s. <mask> capitalized on licensed merchandise that featured her wholesome image; the merchandise included dolls, dishes, and clothing.Her box-office popularity waned as she reached adolescence. She appeared in 29 films from the ages of 3 to 10 but in only 14 films from the ages of 14 to 21. <mask> retired from film in 1950 at the age of 22. In 1958, <mask> returned to show business with a two-season television anthology series of fairy tale adaptations. She made guest appearances on television shows in the early 1960s and filmed a sitcom pilot that was never released. She sat on the boards of corporations and organizations, including The Walt Disney Company, Del Monte Foods, and the National Wildlife Federation. She began her diplomatic career in 1969, when she was appointed to represent the United States at a session of the United Nations General Assembly, where she worked at the U.S.

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Shirley Jane Temple
Temple
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 Mission under Ambassador Charles W. Yost.In 1988, she published her autobiography, Child Star. <mask> was the recipient of numerous awards and honors, including the Kennedy Center Honors and a Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award. She is 18th on the American Film Institute's list of the greatest female American screen legends of classic Hollywood cinema. Early years

<mask> <mask> was born on April 23, 1928, at Santa Monica Hospital (now UCLA Medical Center) in Santa Monica, California, the third child of homemaker <mask> and bank employee <mask>. The family was of Dutch, English, and German ancestry. She had two brothers: John and George, Jr. The family moved to Brentwood, Los Angeles.Her mother encouraged her to develop her singing, dancing, and acting talents, and in September 1931 enrolled her in Meglin's Dance School in Los Angeles. At about this time, <mask>'s mother began styling her daughter's hair in ringlets. While at the dance school, she was spotted by Charles Lamont, who was a casting director for Educational Pictures. <mask> hid behind the piano while she was in the studio. Lamont took a liking to <mask>, and invited her to audition; he signed her to a contract in 1932. Educational Pictures launched its Baby Burlesks, 10-minute comedy shorts satirizing recent films and events, using preschool children in every role. Glad Rags to Riches was a parody of the Mae West feature She Done Him Wrong, with <mask> as a saloon singer.Kid 'n' Africa had <mask> imperiled in the jungle. The Runt Page was a pastiche of The Front Page. The juvenile cast delivered their lines as best they could, with the younger players

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Shirley Jane
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Gertrude Temple
George Temple
Shirley
Temple
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Shirley


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 reciting phonetically. <mask> became the breakout star of this series, and Educational promoted her to 20-minute comedies. These were in the Frolics of Youth series with Frank Coghlan Jr.; <mask> played Mary Lou Rogers, the baby sister in a contemporary suburban family. To underwrite production costs at Educational Pictures, she and her child co-stars modeled for breakfast cereals and other products. She was lent to Tower Productions for a small role in her first feature film (The Red-Haired Alibi) in 1932 and, in 1933, to Universal, Paramount, and Warner Bros. Pictures for various parts including an uncredited role as a child whose doll's head is shot off right in front of her in To the Last Man (1933) starring Randolph Scott and Esther Ralston.Film career

Fox Film songwriter Jay Gorney was walking out of the viewing of <mask>'s last Frolics of Youth picture when he saw her dancing in the movie theater lobby. Recognizing her from the screen, he arranged for her to have a screen test for the movie Stand Up and Cheer! <mask> arrived for the audition on December 7, 1933; she won the part and was signed to a $150-per-week contract that was guaranteed for two weeks by Fox Film Corporation. The role was a breakthrough performance for <mask>. Her charm was evident to Fox executives, and she was ushered into corporate offices almost immediately after finishing "Baby, Take a Bow", a song-and-dance number she performed with James Dunn. Roles
Most of the <mask> films were inexpensively made at $200,000 or $300,000 apiece, and were comedy-dramas with songs and dances added, sentimental and melodramatic situations, and bearing little

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 production value. Her film titles are a clue to the way she was marketed—Curly Top and Dimples, and her "little" pictures such as The Little Colonel and The Littlest Rebel.<mask> often played a fixer-upper, a precocious Cupid, or the good fairy in these films, reuniting her estranged parents or smoothing out the wrinkles in the romances of young couples. Elements of the traditional fairy tale were woven into her films: wholesome goodness triumphing over meanness and evil, for example, or wealth over poverty, marriage over divorce, or a booming economy over a depressed one. As the girl matured into a pre-adolescent, the formula was altered slightly to encourage her naturalness, naïveté, and tomboyishness to come forth and shine while her infant innocence, which had served her well at six but was inappropriate for her tweens (or later childhood years), was toned down. Biographer John Kasson argues:

Biographer Anne Edwards wrote about the tone and tenor of Shirley Temple films:

Edwards pointed out that the characters created for <mask> would change the lives of the cold, the hardened, and the criminal with positive results. Her films were seen as generating hope and optimism, and President Franklin D. Roosevelt said, "It is a splendid thing that for just fifteen cents, an American can go to a movie and look at the smiling face of a baby and forget his troubles." Finances
On December 21, 1933, her contract was extended to a year at the same $150 per week with a seven-year option, and her mother Gertrude was hired at $25 per week as her hairdresser and personal coach. Released in May 1934, Stand Up and Cheer!became <mask>'s

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texts: breakthrough film. She performed in a short skit in the film alongside popular Fox star James Dunn, singing and tap dancing. The skit was the highlight of the film, and Fox executives rushed her into another film with Dunn, Baby Take a Bow (named after their song in Stand Up and Cheer!). <mask>'s third film, also with Dunn, was Bright Eyes, a vehicle written especially for her. After the success of her first three films, <mask>'s parents realized that their daughter was not being paid enough money. Her image also began to appear on numerous commercial products without her legal authorization and without compensation. To get control over the corporate unlicensed use of her image and to negotiate with Fox, <mask>'s parents hired lawyer Lloyd Wright to represent them.On July 18, 1934, the contractual salary was raised to $1,000 per week; meanwhile, her mother's salary was raised to $250 per week, with an additional $15,000 bonus for each movie finished. Temple's original contract for $150 per week is equivalent to $2,960 in 2019, adjusted for inflation; however, the economic value of $150 during the Great Depression was equal to around $18,500 in 2019 money due to the punishing effects of deflation—six times higher than a surface-level conversion. The subsequent salary increase to $1,000 weekly had the economic value of $123,000 in 2019 money, and the bonus of $15,000 per movie (equal to $296,000 in 2019) had the purchasing power of $1.85 million (in 2019 money) in a decade when a quarter could buy a meal. Cease and desist letters were sent out to many companies and the process was begun for awarding corporate licenses. On December

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 28, 1934, Bright Eyes was released. The movie was the first feature film crafted specifically for <mask>'s talents and the first where her name appeared over the title. Her signature song, "On the Good Ship Lollipop", was introduced in the film and sold 500,000 sheet-music copies.In February 1935, <mask> became the first child star to be honored with a miniature Juvenile Oscar for her film accomplishments, and she added her footprints and handprints to the forecourt at Grauman's Chinese Theatre a month later. Superstar
In 1935, Fox Films merged with Twentieth Century Pictures to become 20th Century-Fox. Producer and studio head Darryl F. Zanuck focused his attention and resources upon cultivating <mask>'s superstar status. She was said to be the studio's greatest asset. Nineteen writers, known as the Shirley Temple Story Development team, made 11 original stories and some adaptations of the classics for her. In keeping with her star status, Winfield Sheehan built <mask> a four-room bungalow at the studio with a garden, a picket fence, a tree with a swing, and a rabbit pen. The living room wall was painted with a mural depicting her as a fairy-tale princess wearing a golden star on her head.Under Zanuck, she was assigned a bodyguard, John Griffith, a childhood friend of Zanuck's, and, at the end of 1935, Frances "Klammie" Klampt became her tutor at the studio. 1935–1937
In the contract they signed in July 1934, <mask>'s parents agreed to four films a year (rather than the three they wished). A succession of films followed: Now and Forever starring Gary Cooper and Carole Lombard (<mask> was billed third with her name above the

masks: Temple Temple Shirley Temple Temple Temple


texts: title beneath Cooper's and Lombard's), The Little Colonel, Our Little Girl, Curly Top (with the signature song "Animal Crackers in My Soup"), and The Littlest Rebel in 1935. Curly Top was <mask>'s last film before the merger between 20th Century Pictures, Inc. and the Fox Film Corporation. Both Curly Top and The Littlest Rebel were named to Variety's list of top box office draws for 1935. In 1936, Captain January, Poor Little Rich Girl, Dimples, and Stowaway were released. Based on <mask>'s success, Zanuck increased budgets and production values for her films.By the end of 1935, her salary was $2,500 per week. In 1937, John Ford was hired to direct the sepia-toned Wee Willie Winkie (Temple's own favorite), and an A-list cast was signed, which included Victor McLaglen, C. Aubrey Smith and Cesar Romero. Elaborate sets were built for the production at the famed Iverson Movie Ranch in Chatsworth, Calif., with a rock feature at the heavily filmed location ranch eventually being named Shirley Temple Rock. The film was a critical and commercial hit. <mask>'s parents and Twentieth Century-Fox sued British writer/critic Graham Greene for libel and won. The settlement remained in trust for the girl in an English bank until she turned 21, when it was donated to charity and used to build a youth center in England. Heidi was the only other <mask> film released in 1937.Midway through shooting of the movie, the dream sequence was added to the script. There were reports that <mask> herself was behind the dream sequence and she had enthusiastically pushed for it, but in her autobiography she vehemently denied this. Her contract gave neither her

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 nor her parents any creative control over her movies. She saw this as Zanuck's refusal to make any serious attempt at building upon the success of her dramatic role in Wee Willie Winkie. One of the many examples of how <mask> was permeating popular culture at the time is the references to her in the 1937 film Stand-In: newly minted film studio honcho Atterbury Dodd (played by Leslie Howard) has never heard of <mask>, much to the shock and disbelief of former child star Lester Plum (played by Joan Blondell), who describes herself as "the <mask> of my day", and performs "On the Good Ship Lollipop" for him. 1938–1940

The Independent Theatre Owners Association paid for an advertisement in The Hollywood Reporter in May 1938 that included <mask> on a list of actors who deserved their salaries while others' (including Katharine Hepburn and Joan Crawford) "box-office draw is nil". That year, Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, Little Miss Broadway and Just Around the Corner were released.The latter two were panned by the critics, and Corner was the first of her films to show a slump in ticket sales. The following year, Zanuck secured the rights to the children's novel A Little Princess, believing the book would be an ideal vehicle for the girl. He budgeted the film at $1.5 million (twice the amount of Corner) and chose it to be her first Technicolor feature. The Little Princess was a 1939 critical and commercial success, with <mask>'s acting at its peak. Convinced that the girl would successfully move from child star to teenage actress, Zanuck declined a substantial offer from MGM to star her as Dorothy in The Wizard of Oz, and cast her

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Shirley


texts: instead in Susannah of the Mounties, her last money-maker for Twentieth Century Fox. The film was successful, but because she made only two films in 1939, instead of three or four, <mask> dropped from number one box-office favorite in 1938 to number five in 1939. In 1939, she was the subject of the Salvador Dalí painting <mask>, The Youngest, Most Sacred Monster of the Cinema in Her Time, and she was animated with Donald Duck in The Autograph Hound.In 1940, Lester Cowan, an independent film producer, bought the screen rights to F. Scott Fitzgerald's Babylon Revisited and Other Stories for $80. Fitzgerald thought his screenwriting days were over, and, with some hesitation, accepted Cowan's offer to write the screenplay titled "Cosmopolitan" based on the short story. After finishing the screenplay, Fitzgerald was told by Cowan that he would not do the film unless <mask> starred in the lead role of the youngster Honoria. Fitzgerald objected, saying that at age 12 (going on twenty), the actress was too worldly for the part and would detract from the aura of innocence otherwise framed by Honoria's character. After meeting <mask> in July, Fitzgerald changed his mind, and tried to persuade her mother to let her star in the film. However, her mother demurred. In any case, the Cowan project was shelved by the producer.Fitzgerald was later credited with the use of the original story for The Last Time I Saw Paris starring Elizabeth Taylor. In 1940, <mask> starred in two flops at Twentieth Century Fox—The Blue Bird and Young People. Her parents bought out the remainder of her contract, and sent her—at the age of 12—to Westlake School for

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 Girls, an exclusive country day school in Los Angeles. At the studio, the girl's bungalow was renovated, all traces of her tenure expunged, and the building was reassigned as an office. 1941–1950 retirement
After her departure from Twentieth Century-Fox, <mask> was signed by MGM for her comeback; the studio made plans to team her with Judy Garland and Mickey Rooney for the Andy Hardy series. However, upon meeting with Arthur Freed for a preliminary interview, the MGM producer exposed his genitals to her. When this elicited nervous giggles in response, Freed threw her out and ended their contract before any films were produced.The next idea was teaming her with Garland and Rooney for the musical Babes on Broadway. Fearing that either of the latter two could easily upstage <mask>, MGM replaced her with Virginia Weidler. As a result, her only film for Metro was Kathleen in 1941, a story about an unhappy teenager. The film was not a success, and her MGM contract was canceled after mutual consent. Miss Annie Rooney followed for United Artists in 1942, but was unsuccessful. The actress retired from films for almost two years, to instead focus on school and other activities. In 1944, David O. Selznick signed <mask> to a four-year contract.She appeared in two wartime hits: Since You Went Away, and I'll Be Seeing You. Selznick, however, became romantically involved with Jennifer Jones and lost interest in developing <mask>'s career. <mask> was then lent to other studios for Kiss and Tell and The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer starring Cary Grant. The Cary Grant picture and Fort Apache starring John Wayne and Henry Fonda  were two of her

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 few hit films at the time. Her then husband John Agar also appeared in Fort Apache. According to biographer Robert Windeler, her 1947–1949 films neither made nor lost money, but "had a cheapie B look about them and indifferent performances from her". Selznick suggested that she move abroad, gain maturity as an actress, and even change her name.He warned her that she was typecast, and her career was in perilous straits. After unsuccessfully auditioning for the role of Peter Pan on the Broadway stage in August 1950, <mask> took stock and admitted that her recent movies had been poor fare. She announced her retirement from films on December 16, 1950. Radio career
<mask> had her own radio series on CBS. Junior Miss debuted March 4, 1942, in which she played the title role. The series was based on stories by Sally Benson. Sponsored by Procter & Gamble, Junior Miss was directed by Gordon Hughes, with David Rose as musical director.Merchandise and endorsements

John Kasson states:

Ideal Toy and Novelty Company in New York City negotiated a license for dolls with the company's first doll wearing the polka-dot dress from Stand Up and Cheer! Shirley Temple dolls realized $45 million in sales before 1941. A mug, a pitcher, and a cereal bowl in cobalt blue with a decal of the little actress were given away as a premium with Wheaties. Successful Shirley Temple items included a line of girls' dresses, accessories, soap, dishes, cutout books, sheet music, mirrors, paper tablets, and numerous other items. Before 1935 ended, the girl's income from licensed merchandise royalties would exceed $100,000, which doubled her income from her movies. In

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 1936, her income from royalties topped $200,000. She endorsed Postal Telegraph, Sperry Drifted Snow Flour, the Grunow Teledial radio, Quaker Puffed Wheat, General Electric, and Packard automobiles.Alongside licensed merchandise came counterfeit items bearing <mask>'s likeness to capitalize on her fame, from dolls, clothing and other accessories to even cigars with her face printed on the label. <mask> lamented in her memoirs that it "made no economic sense" to pursue litigation against those who made unlicensed goods under her name; a successful lawsuit was filed by Ideal Toy Company against a certain Lenora Doll Company which manufactured and sold <mask> dolls without authorization, with <mask> herself cited as a co-plaintiff befitting her celebrity status. Myths and rumors
At the height of her popularity, <mask> was often the subject of many myths and rumors, with several being propagated by the Fox press department. Fox also publicized her as a natural talent with no formal acting or dance training. As a way of explaining how she knew stylized buck-and-wing dancing, she was enrolled for two weeks in the Elisa Ryan School of Dancing. False claims circulated that <mask> was not a child, but a 30-year-old dwarf, due in part to her stocky body type. The rumor was so prevalent, especially in Europe, that the Vatican dispatched Father Silvio Massante to investigate whether she was indeed a child.The fact that she never seemed to miss any teeth led some people to conclude that she had all her adult teeth. <mask> was actually losing her teeth regularly through her days with Fox, most notably during the sidewalk ceremony in front of

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 Grauman's Theatre, where she took off her shoes and placed her bare feet in the cement to take attention away from her face. When acting, she wore dental plates and caps to hide the gaps in her teeth. Another rumor said her teeth had been filed to make them appear like baby teeth. A rumor about <mask>'s trademark hair was that she wore a wig. On multiple occasions, fans yanked her hair to test the rumor. She later said she wished all she had to do was wear a wig.The nightly process she endured in the setting of her curls was tedious and grueling, with weekly vinegar rinses that stung her eyes. Rumors spread that her hair color was not naturally blonde. During the making of Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, news spread that she was going to do extended scenes without her trademark curls. During production, she also caught a cold, which caused her to miss a couple of days. As a result, a false report originated in Britain that all of her hair had been cut off. Television career

Between January 1958 and September 1961, <mask> hosted and narrated a successful NBC television anthology series of fairy-tale adaptations called <mask>'s Storybook. Episodes ran one hour each, and <mask> acted in three of the sixteen episodes.<mask>'s son made his acting debut in the Christmas episode, "Mother Goose". The series was popular but faced issues. The show lacked the special effects necessary for fairy tale dramatizations, sets were amateurish, and episodes were not telecast in a regular time-slot. The show was reworked and released in color in September 1960 in a regular time-slot as The <mask> Show. It faced stiff competition from Maverick, Lassie,

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