texts:
<mask> (রজতাভ দত্ত) (born 11 August 1967) is an Indian actor who works in Bengali, Hindi and English films. He is popular as a judge on the Zee Bangla reality show Mirakkel. He is also popular for his negative lead roles in Boss, MLA Fatakesto, Barud, Paglu, Yuddho, Challenge, Rasta, Kanamachi etc. Apart from playing negative roles, he has also received praise for playing positive roles in films Paromitar Ekdin, Aschorjo Prodip,  Open Tee Bioscope and web-series Byadh. Early life
From Ballygunge Government High School <mask> passed Madhyamik in 1983, passed Higher Secondary from Goenka College of Commerce and Business Administration in 1985 and graduated from Netaji Nagar College in 1987.
good actor

Career
<mask> has been working as a theatre artist since 1987. He has started his work in the theatre group Antarmukh under Soumitra Basu (1987–1990). After that in Ushnik with Ishita Mukherjee (1990–1993).In Swapnosandhani with Kaushik Sen (1993–1995) (1996–1997) (2011–2016). In Gandhar with Ashit Mukhopadhyay (1994) with Dwijen Banarjee (1995), in Natyoanon with Chandan Sen (1997–2000) in Ansambal with Sohag Sen (1997–2001),
In Calcutta Performers with Tamal Roy Chowdhury (2001–2002), in Sangsriti with Debesh Chattopadhyay (2002–1018). In Lokokristi With Falguni Chatterjee (2004–2006), In Vupen Bose Avenue Chorus with Amitava <mask> (2014–2018) and In Natyoshala with Rana Basu (2016–2018). In the film industry he started his career as a junior artist. He has got BFJA Awards in 2001 for Paromitar Ekdin in the category best actor in a supporting role and Anandalok Awards in 2006 for the movie M.L.A. Fatakesto for the category best villain.

masks:
Rajatava Dutta
Rajatava
Rajatava
Dutta


type: original

texts:
<mask> (; born October 24, 1969), professionally known as <mask>, is a retired Mexican actress. She came to prominence after starring in many teen-oriented coming-of-age telenovelas produced by Televisa, including Quinceañera (1987–1988) and Dulce desafío (1988–1989). Some of her most notable works include María Bonita (1995–1996), María Isabel (1997–1998), El Privilegio de Amar (1998–1999), El Manantial (2001–2002), Amor real (2003), La esposa virgen (2005) and Fuego en la sangre (2008). Noriega's success as a leading lady has led her to be known as one of the "Queens" of the genre. Early life
<mask> was born on October 24, 1969, in Mexico City, Mexico. Her father died when she was in her early adolescence and her mother died in 1995, after a battle with cancer. She has two siblings; an older sister, Reyna, and a younger brother, Alejandro,

Career

Career beginnings
Noriega was discovered as a child, at the age of twelve she was scouted in a shopping centre while she was walking with her mother.Shortly after, she began to work as a fashion model and started appearing in TV commercials and music videos. After being spotted on a shooting of a commercial by Patty de Llano, wife of the producer Luis de Llano Macedo, she began working as a teen actress. She made her television debut at the age of fourteen in the telenovela Principessa and shortly after she participated in Juana Iris. In both shows she interpreted antagonists. She also guest starred on the comic show Cachún cachún ra ra! for a few years. Stardom
<mask> made her debut as a leading actress in 1986, at the age of sixteen, when she was cast for her first lead role in Yesenia, a historical telenovela.The

masks:
Adela Amalia Noriega Méndez
Adela Noriega
Adela Amalia Noriega Méndez
Noriega


texts:
 telenovela was adapted from Yolanda Vargas Dulché's comic book of the same name, which centers around a young Romani woman and her caravan. From then on she began to work solely as a leading actress of many successful telenovelas with an international distribution. She rose to greater prominence in 1987 when she obtained the leading role in the iconic Quinceañera, telenovela portraying coming-of-age topics. Quinceañera was the first telenovela that geared towards adolescents and revealed the problems they face in this transitional period from childhood to adulthood. Topics such as substance abuse, date rape, teenage pregnancy, juvenile delinquency, gangs and self-acceptance were being explored for the first time in this genre. This teen classic had a great impact in Mexico and other countries worldwide. In 2008, it was included on the Associated Press' "10 Most Influential Telenovelas of Latin America" list, "because it represented a precedent in this genre and has had an influence on the collective imaginary."One year after, she returned to television in another successful teen-oriented telenovela; Dulce desafío, directed by Arturo Ripstein. In this teen drama, she played the central character, Lucero Sandoval, a teenage girl who rebels against her emotionally distant father and gets romantically involved with her teacher (Eduardo Yáñez). Continued success
Noriega obtained a contract with the rival network Telemundo in 1993 and played the leading role in Guadalupe. For signing a contract with a different company, she was banned from her previous network, Televisa. Guadalupe resulted to be an international success and was well received in the Arab world to such an


texts: extent that she was invited to be the guest of honour of the King of Morocco in 1994. In 1995, she moved to Colombia and joined RTI, starring in María Bonita, where she interpreted the title character, a singer who stays trapped on a Caribbean island. She returned to Televisa in 1997 and collaborated with the producer Carla Estrada in four consecutive productions.The same year, she appeared as the lead character of María Isabel, interpreting a young indigenous woman faced with discrimination and lack of opportunities because of her origin. The telenovela  presented the iconography  of the tribe Huichol, based on indigenous folk beliefs and traditional symbols, and dealt with racial, cultural and class themes. For her characterization of the lead female character, <mask> received TVyNovelas Award for "Best Young Actress in a Leading Role". A year later, she starred in El privilegio de amar, adaptation of Cristal, opposite Helena Rojo in a story that revolved around the world of fashion industry and show business. El privilegio de amar is officially the highest-rated television program in Mexico to date, according to IBOPE. The show was internationally successful as well. In 2001, she starred in El Manantial, under the direction of Mónica Miguel and Adriana Barraza, co-starring Mauricio Islas.For her performance as the lead female character Alfonsina Valdes Rivero, she received another TVyNovelas Award, among others. She returned to television in 2003, in the highly acclaimed historical telenovela, Amor real, in a story that was set in the Mexican post-independence period of the mid-19th century. This costume drama registered very high records of audience in Mexico


texts:
 and at the time of its airing on Univision, it occasionally managed to beat leading U.S. networks in the ratings. In 2005, Amor real was released on DVD and due to its success, it became the first telenovela to be released with English subtitles. Noriega received various recognitions for her portrayal of the aristocrat, Matilde Peñalver y  Beristáin. In 2005, she portrayed the leading character of the telenovela La esposa virgen, opposite Jorge Salinas. The telenovela was an adaptation of Caridad Bravo Adams' novel, Tormenta de pasiones.Her most recent starring role was as the lead female character Sofía Elizondo in the telenovela Fuego en la sangre, from 2008. Despite receiving mostly bad reviews, the telenovela was a big success in Mexico and the U.S.

Filmography

Films

Television

Music videos

Awards and honours

<mask> has been honoured with multiple awards for her work in the television industry, and the wide acceptance of her work throughout the years has established her reputation as a "Telenovela Queen". References

External links

1969 births
Living people
Actresses from Mexico City
Mexican child actresses
Mexican film actresses
Mexican telenovela actresses
Mexican television actresses
Mexican television personalities
Mexican female


texts:
<mask> or <mask> (also: <mask> or Jodocus of Ghent, or Giusto da Guanto) (c. 1410 – c. 1480) was an Early Netherlandish painter who after training and working in Flanders later moved to Italy where he worked for the duke of Urbino. The artist is known for his religious compositions executed in the early Netherlandish idiom and a series of portraits of famous men, which show the influence of early Italian Renaissance painting. Life

Very little is known about the early life of <mask>hove. It is believed that the artist referred to by Vasari and Guicciardini as 'Giusto da Guanto' (i.e. 'Justus of Ghent') is the painter <mask>, who became a member of the Antwerp Guild of St. Luke in 1460 and a freemaster in the Ghent painters' guild in 1464. While in Ghent, he vouched for <mask>, Sanders Bening and <mask> when they entered the local painters' guild. Van Wassenhove seems to have enjoyed an international reputation as in 1467–68 he received payment for the production of 40 coats of arms of the Pope.Van Wassenhove travelled to Rome around 1470. Between 1473 and 1475 he is documented in Urbino, where he operated a workshop. He was one of the court painters of duke Federico da Montefeltro, a leading politician and art patron of the Italian Renaissance. Da Montefeltro gave him the commission for the Communion of the Apostles painted for the brotherhood of the Corpus Domini in Urbino between 1472 and 1474. A portrait of da Montefeltro (with his broken nose in profile) in the company of Caterino Zeno, a Persian envoy to the court of Urbino, is included in the picture. Van Wassenhove participated in the decoration of the

masks:
Justus van Gent
Joos van Wassenhove
Justus
Joos van Wassen
Joos van Wassenhove
Hugo van der Goes
Agnes van den Bossche


texts:
 ducal residences in Urbino and Gubbio. This included a commission for a portrait series of 'uomini famosi' (famous men) for the study of da Montefeltro (Louvre Museum, Paris and Galleria Nazionale, Urbino).He died around 1480. Work

Two works from the time before he left for Italy have been preserved: the monumental Crucifixion Altarpiece  or Calvary Triptych (in the Saint Bavo Cathedral, Ghent) and the Devotion of the Kings (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York). The latter painting was possibly commissioned for a convent near Burgos in Spain. For this reason the picture was painted on canvas so it could be rolled up for easy transport. The stage-like space and arrangement of the main figures in two parallel diagonal lines seem to suggest an inspiration by theatre reenactments of the story of the Epiphany. Both these early paintings are characterized by monumentality. The facial features of the figures and colour spectrum are closely related to the oeuvre of <mask> der Goes.The two masters likely worked together before <mask>e left for Rome. There is also a relationship with the work of Dieric Bouts. The Communion of the Apostles (a.k.a. The Institution of the Eucharist, sometimes called The Last Supper) for the Confraternity of Corpus Domini in Urbino shows some adaptations from the characteristically Netherlandish high viewpoint and decoratively organized surface of the Calvary Triptych. Van Wassenhove also increased the size of the figures relative to the picture space. The work cites Dieric Bouts' The Martyrdom of St Erasmus in the figure of the Persian envoy. All other works attributed to Joos <mask>e

masks:
Hugo van
van Wassenhov
van Wassenhov


texts: were painted on commission by Federico da Montefeltro.In the enlarged version of Communion of the Apostles it can be easily seen that Jesus Christ is depicted with light rays originating from his head which is also surrounded by a circular aureola both of which constitute a halo. A series of 28 portraits of Famous men, which are still in existence and part of the collections of the Louvre and the Galleria Nazionale delle Marche in Urbino, have been attributed to Joos <mask>e. There are many arguments for such attribution. The paintings appear to be made by a painter grounded in Netherlandish technique who had become strongly influenced by Italian painting. In addition, in his biography of Federico da Montefeltro, his former librarian, Vespasiano da Bisticci, attests that <mask>hove made the series of 28 portraits of Famous men. Technological examination of the Famous men has revealed similarities of these works with the other important earlier commission that <mask>hove completed for the duke in Urbino, i.e. the Communion of the Apostles.The underdrawing showed that there was stylistic continuity between these works. The examination also disclosed a number of changes in composition and execution, which may point to a reworking by another artist. The attribution to <mask>hove of some or all of the works in the Famous men series has not received unanimous support. Various other artists have been proposed as the author of the Famous men series, of whom the Spanish painter Pedro Berruguete has received the strongest support. The case for Berruguete rests on various arguments including the mention of a 'Pietro

masks:
van Wassenhov
van Wassen
van Wassen
van Wassen


texts:
 Spagnuolo pittore' in Urbino in 1477, a reference to the Famous men by Pablo de Cespedes dating from 1604, which could be regarded as an attribution to Berruguete (although Cespedes specifically stated that they were by a Spanish painter 'other' than Berruguete), the depiction of a Spanish-language book in a painting in the series and stylistic similarities with later works of Berruguete. Although the matter of attribution is still unresolved the known pictures of this Spanish artist are inferior in style and technique to those in the Famous men series and are unlikely the work of the same artist. Another hypothesis is that the work was a collaborative effort by the studio of <mask>hove in Urbino, in which Berruguete may have worked as a collaborator.Further attributed to Joos <mask>e are two paintings from a series on the liberal arts: Music and Rhetoric (both at the National Gallery London). Two other paintings from this series were destroyed during World War II. Works
Adoration of the Magi
Calvary Tryptich
Communion of the Apostles
Famous Men
Liberal Arts

References

External links

1410 births
1480 deaths
Early Netherlandish painters
Flemish Renaissance painters
Flemish history painters
Flemish portrait

masks:
van Wassen
van Wassenhov


texts:
<mask> (15 June 1927 – 20 or 21 November 2006) was a German musicologist specializing in the fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries and the music of Giuseppe Verdi. She coined the term , to categorize the rhythmically complex music that followed . Life
<mask> was born <mask> in Hamburg. After studying piano with D. Kraus and H. E. Riebensahm and music theory with H. Stahmer in Hamburg, she graduated with a music teacher's degree in 1947. From 1948 she studied music with Heinrich Husmann at the University of Hamburg along with other subjects such as art history, German and Romance Literature, philosophy, psychology, and phonetics. In 1957 at Hamburg she wrote a thesis under the tutelage of Heinrich Besseler on the change in style of the French song in the second half of the fourteenth century which built onto the research of Friedrich Ludwig. With financial support from her husband, encouragement from Gilbert Reaney, Armen Carapetyan, and, from 1962, funds from the German Research Foundation, she took the position as a teacher in Ahrensburg in order to finish her habilitation which had been rejected by some German professors.Encouraged also by Oliver Strunk and Nanie Bridgeman, she joined in 1969 the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in Paris as attaché de recherche (researcher) and was promoted as chargé de recherche (research fellow) with Jacques Chailley in 1975, where she taught as a lecturer at the Sorbonne from 1969 to 1971 to prepare her "Doctorat d' état" on Verdi's French years. After obtaining her habilitation in Göttingen in 1972 with an edition of motets of the fourteenth century (published in 1965 by A. Carapetayan in CMM 39), she taught one semester as a lecturer in Göttingen before returning to Paris

masks:
Ursula Günther
Ursula Günther
Ursula Rösse


texts:
 to resume her work as "chargé de recherche". In the summer of 1973 she was a visiting professor at New York University and was subsequently invited to give lectures by numerous American universities such as Princeton, Harvard, Brandeis, Philadelphia, Maryland, Bloomington, UC Davis, and Los Angeles. She was later appointed as chargé de cours (lecturer) by the Free University in Brussels to teach the history of music notation. In 1973, she turned down an offer from Brandeis University and in 1975 took a job as a lecturer at the University of Göttingen. While she continued to teach in Brussels, in 1977 was appointed professor at the University of Göttingen and finally gave up her post at the CNRS. The new University Act of the State of Lower Saxony enabled her to be director of Musicology in Göttingen for some time.In 1977, she held summer courses on Verdi research at Northwestern University at Evanston, Illinois. In 1992, she retired and lived in Ahrensburg near Hamburg, where she died either on 20 November or 21 November 2006. Influence

<mask> coined the term  which classified the music of the late fourteenth century to describe the subtle rhythm reflected in the music of the time. Another field of research was the work of Giuseppe Verdi. She published his opera Don Carlos in an issue with the five-act French original version and also with the four-act Italian version. She published widely, becoming one of the most influential musicologists of the twentieth century. Writings

Fourteenth-century music

"Der musikalische Stilwandel der französischen Liedkunst in der zweiten Hälfte des 14.Jahrhunderts: dargestellt an Virelais, Balladen und Rondeaux von Machaut sowie datierbaren Kantilenensätzen seiner Zeitgenossen und direkten


texts:
 Nachfolger". PhD Diss. Hamburg: University of Hamburg, 1957. 286 pages. University document: Hamburg, defended in the Faculty of Philosophy on 7 December 1957 (not available for circulation). <mask> (ed. ): Zehn datierbare Kompositionen der Ars nova.Schriftenreihe des Musikwissenschaftlichen Instituts der Universität Hamburg 2. Hamburg: Musikwissenschaftliches Institut der Universität Hamburg, 1959. <mask>: "Das Ende der Ars Nova". Die Musikforschung 16 (1963), pp. 105–120. <mask>: "Zur Biographie einiger Komponisten der Ars Subtilior". Archiv für Musikwissenschaft 21 (1964), .<mask> (ed. ): The Motets of the Manuscripts Chantilly, Musée Condé, 564 (olim 1047) and Modena, Biblioteca Estense, α M. 5,24 (olim lat. 568). Corpus Mensurabilis Musicae 39. [n.p. ]: American Institute of Musicology, 1965. <mask> und Ludwig Finscher (eds.): "Aspects of Music in Church, Court, and Town from the 13th to the 15th Century". Musica Disciplina 38 (1984) [includes her essay "Unusual Phenomena in the Transmission of Late 14th Century Polyphonic Music", ]. <mask> und Ludwig Fischer (eds. ): "1380-1420: An International Style?". Musica Disciplina 41 (1987) [includes an article with John Nádas und John Stinson, "Magister Dominus Paulus Abbas de Florentia: New Documentary Evidence", pp. 203-246]
<mask> and Ludwig Fischer (eds. ): Musik und Text in der Mehrstimmigkeit des 14. und 15.Jahrhunderts. Kassel: Bärenreiter, 1984. .
<mask>: "Die Ars subtilior". Hamburger Jahrbuch für Musikwissenschaft 11 (1991), pp. 277–288.The Cypriot-French Repertory of the Manuscript Torino J.II.9: Report of the International Musicological Congress, Paphos, 20–25 March 1992, by Ludwig Finscher and Societa italiana di musicologia and <mask> and Associazione piemontese per

masks:
Ursula Günther
Ursula Günther
Ursula Günther
Ursula Günther
Ursula Günther
Ursula Günther
Ursula Günther
Ursula Günther
Ursula Gunther


texts:
 la ricerca delle fonti musicali. [Rome]: American Institute of Musicology, . Ludwig Finscher, <mask>, and Jeffrey J. Dean.Modality in the Music of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries: Modalität in der Musik des 14. und 15. Jahrhunderts. Musicological Studies and Documents 49. [Rome]: American Institute of Musicology, Hänssler-Verlag, 1996. .
<mask>: "Polymetric Rondeaux from Machaut to Dufay: Some Style-Analytical Observations". In Studies in Musical Sources and Style (Festschrift Jan La Rue),  pp. 75–108. Madison: 1990.<mask>: "Bemerkungen zur Motette des frühen und mittleren Trecento". In Die Motette   pp. 29–39. Mainz: 1992. <mask>: "La fine dell‘Ars nova". In Il canto delle pietre 1992, pp. 71–87.Como: 1992. <mask>: "Composers at the Court of the Antipopes in Avignon: Research in the Vatican Archives". In Musicology and Archival Research, Archives et Bibliothèques de Belgique 46, edited by Barbara Haggh et al., pp. 328–37. Brussels, 1994. Giuseppe Verdi
<mask>: "La genèse de Don Carlos, opéra en cinq actes de Giuseppe Verdi, représenté pour la première fois à Paris le 11 mars 1867". Revue de Musicologie 58 (1972), pp.16-64, and 60 (1974), pp. 87–158. <mask>: "Documents inconnus concernant les relations de Verdi avec l'Opéra de Paris". In Il Teatro e la musica di Giuseppe Verdi, edited by, pp. 564–83. Parma, 1974. <mask>: "Schwierigkeiten mit einer Oper.Zu den verschiedenen Fassungen des Don Carlos". In Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Staatsoper 6 (1977/78), pp. 136–52. <mask>: L'edizione integrale del Don Carlos di Giuseppe Verdi: Die vollständige Ausgabe des Don Carlos von Giuseppe Verdi. Milan: Ricordi, 1977. <mask>: The Complete Edition of Don Carlos by Giuseppe Verdi. , 1978.<mask>: "Zur Revision des Don Carlos.

masks:
Ursula Günther
Ursula Günther
Ursula Günther
Ursula Günther
Ursula Günther
Ursula Günther
Ursula Günther
Ursula Günther
Ursula Günther
Ursula Günther
Ursula Günther


texts:
 Postscriptum zu Teil II". Analecta Musicologica 19 (1979), pp. 373–77. <mask> and Luciano Petazzoni (eds. ): Giuseppe Verdi: Don Carlos, Edizione integrale delle varie versioni in cinque e in quattro atti (comprendente gli inediti verdiani). Riduzione per canto e pianoforte con testo francese e italiano.Revisione secondo le fonti a cura di Usula <mask> e Luciano Petazzoni. Milan: Ricordi, 1980 (copyright 1974). <mask>: "La genèse du Don Carlos de Verdi: Nouveaux documents". Revue de Musicologie 72 (1986), pp. 104–17. <mask>: "Le Don Carlos de 1883. œuvre française également". In Giuseppe Verdi: Don Carlos ( = L'Avant Scène Opéra 90/91), 36–43.Paris: 1986. German version as: "Der Don Carlos von 1883; ebenfalls ein französisches Werk". In Giuseppe Verdi: Don Carlos ( = Der Opernführer 1/2), pp. 28–39. Taufkirchen:, 1988,. <mask>: "Don Carlos: Edizione integrale—Critical edition". In Nuove prospettive nella ricerca verdiana.Atti del convegno internazionale in occasione della prima del „Rigoletto“‘in edizione critica, Vienna 1983, edited by  pp.29–48. Milan, 1987. <mask>: "Rigoletto à Paris". In L'opera tra Venezia e Parigi, edited by , pp. 269–314. Florence, 1988. Friedrich Ludwig

<mask>: "Friedrich Ludwig in Göttingen".In Musikwissenschaft und Musikpflege an der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, edited by, pp. 152–75. Göttingen, 1987. See also
Women in musicology

References

 Martin Staehelin: Musikwissenschaft und Musikpflege an der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen: Beiträge zu ihrer Geschichte''. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1987. . 200 pages. External links

1927 births
2006 deaths
German musicologists
Women musicologists
20th-century musicologists
20th-century women musicians
University of Göttingen

masks:
Ursula Günther
Günther
Ursula Günther
Ursula Günther
Ursula Günther
Ursula Günther
Ursula Günther


texts:
<mask> Ph.D., LL.D., Litt.D. (August 3, 1857 – April 24, 1934) was an American classical scholar. Biography
<mask> was born at Davenport, Iowa. After graduating from Harvard in 1878, he studied in Europe at Leipzig, Bonn, Athens, and Munich (Ph.D., 1884). He was a professor at several institutions from 1885 onward. Professor <mask> served at Bryn Mawr College (1885–92), then principally at the University of Chicago. In 1901-02 he was professor in the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Greece, and in 1913-14 he was Roosevelt Lecturer in the University of Berlin.Professor <mask> was made a member of the National Institute of Arts and Letters. From 1908 he was managing editor of Classical Philology. He died in Chicago. After his death, one of many articles published about him asserted that he knew all 15,693 lines of the Iliad by heart. The Roosevelt Lectureship
The Roosevelt Lecturership involved giving a series of public lectures. In these, Shorey addressed American culture and literature. Besides the public lectures, however, the Roosevelt Lecturer was required to give a seminar in his own special field of study.As a notable Platonic scholar, Shorey naturally offered to conduct a seminar on Plato. He had not reckoned on the views of American scholarship held by the principal German classicist, Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, who held sway in Berlin. Wilamowitz had no intention of allowing Shorey any scope on Plato:

'In a letter to Diels of 8 May 1912 ... he wrote that he considered it 'grotesque that the

masks:
Paul Shorey
Shorey
Shorey
Shorey


texts:
 editor of a Chicago journal be brought to Berlin to teach us philology'. ... Wilamowitz could not of course know that
Shorey would later refer to his Platon as a 'historical novel' (What Plato Said 1933 p2. ), but could have been aware that in a 1911 article in the Nation ... Shorey had named him in a list of German scholars
whose 'big ambitious books ... cannot be trusted' (392). Wilamowitz was no more receptive to <mask>'s next suggestion, of Pindar, since the two differed on metrical questions. In th end, permission was given for a
seminar on the De Anima'''.As Sprague points out, Wilamowitz had not reckoned on <mask>'s view that 'Aristotle is a Platonist au fond. In the seminar he explained the relevance, in his view, of Plato's Theaetetus, Phaedo, Republic, Euthydemus, Sophist. Politicus, Meno, and Philebus to a full and exact understanding of De Anima. Sprague comments: 'I am afraid I find it irresistible to remark that Wilamowitz did not really succeed in preventing <mask> from giving a Plato seminar'. WritingBooks De Platonis Idearum Doctrina. Munich: Theodor Askermann, 1884. The Assault on Humanism.Boston: Atlantic Monthly Company, 1917. The Unity of Plato's Thought. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1903. Sophocles. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1931. What Plato Said. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1933.Platonism, Ancient and Modern. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1938. Selected Papers, 2 Vols. New York: Garland Pub., 1980. The Roosevelt Lectures of <mask>y:

masks:
Shorey
Shorey
Shorey
Paul Shore


texts: (1913–1914). Hildesheim: G. Olms Verlag, 1995.Translations An edition of Horace's Odes and Epodes (1898; revised, with Laing, 1910). The Republic of Plato, 2 vols., with an English translation by <mask>, Loeb Classical Library, 1937 (1930).Selected articles "The Odyssey in the Rhythmic English Prose," The Dial, Vol.V, May 1884/April 1885. "Hartmann's Philosophy of the Unconscious," The Dial, Vol. V, May 1884/April 1885. "The Pagan Christ," The Dial, Vol. VII, May 1886/April 1887. "Jevon's History of Greek Literature," The Dial, Vol. VII, May 1886/April 1887."The Science of Thought,"  The Dial, Vol. VIII, May 1887/April 1888. "On the Track of Ulysses," The Dial, Vol. VIII, May 1887/April 1888. "Max Müller's Biographies of Words," The Dial, Vol. VIII, May 1887/April 1888. "Erdmann's History of Philosophy," The Classical Review, Vol.IV, 1890. "A Word with Tennyson Dissenters," The Dial, Vol. XIV, January/June 1893. "Plato and Platonism," The Dial, Vol. XIV, January/June 1893. "The Homeric Question Once More," The Dial, Vol. XV, July/December 1893."An Evolutionist's Alarm," The Dial, Vol. XV, July/December 1893. "Spencer on the Principles of Beneficence," The Dial, Vol. XV, July/December 1893. "Greek Poetry and Life," The Dial, Vol. XVI, January/June 1894. "The Idea of Good in Plato's Republic."In: Studies in Classical Philology, Vol. I, The University of Chicago Press, 1895. "To Ancient Greek through Modern? No!," The Forum, Vol. XVIII, 1895. "Can We Revive the Olympic Games?," The Forum, Vol. XIX, 1895."Paris Commune of


texts: 1871," The Dial, Vol. XX, January/June 1896. "Present Conditions of Literary Production," The Atlantic Monthly, Vol. LXXVIII, 1896. "Discipline vs. Dissipation in Secondary Education," School Review, Vol. V, 1897. "A New Classical Dictionary," The Dial, Vol.XXII, January/June 1897. "The Monuments and Antiquities of Greece," The Dial, Vol. XXIV, January/June 1898. "Plato." In: Philosophers and Scientists, Vol. I, Doubleday & McClure Company, 1899. "The Successors of Homer," The Dial, Vol.XXVI, January/June 1899. "Religion in Greek Literature," The Dial, Vol. XXVII, July/December 1899. "History of Modern Philosophy," The Dial, Vol. XXIX, July/December 1900. "Plato, Lucretius and Epicurus," Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, Vol. XII, 1901."Science of Meaning," The Dial, Vol. XXX, January/June 1901. "An Historian of Ideas," The Dial, Vol. XXX, January/June 1901. "The Greek Thinkers and their Environment," The Dial, Vol. XXXI, July/December 1901. "Philology and Classical Philology," The Classical Journal, Vol.I, No. 6, May 1906. "The Influence of the Classics on American Literature," The Chautauquan, Vol. XLIII, 1906. "Discipline in Modern Education," The Bookman, Vol. XXIII, 1906. "Mr. Lang's Homeric Queries," The Dial, Vol.XLII, January/June 1907. "Benjamin Jowett, Teacher, Platonist and Scholar," The Chautauquan, Vol. XLVI, 1907. "A Dramatic Historian," The Dial, Vol. XLIII, July/December 1907. "The Equivocations of Pragmatism," The Dial, Vol. XLIII, July/December 1907."Relations of Classical Literature to Other


texts: Branches of Learning," International Congress of Arts and Science, Vol. VI, 1908. "The Spirit of the University of Chicago," The University of Chicago Magazine, Vol. I, No. 6, April 1909. "The Poet of Science," The Dial, Vol. XLVI, January/June 1909."Spelling Reform in Extremis," The Dial, Vol. XLVII, July/December 1909. "Mill Revealed in his Letters," The Dial, Vol. XLVIII, January/June 1910. "The Case for the Classics," The School Review, Vol. XVIII, No. 9, 1910."Talks on Character and Temperament," The Dial, Vol. XLIX, July/December 1910. "American Scholarship," Educational Review, Vol. XLII, June/December 1911. "The Study of Greek Literature." In: Greek Literature, The Columbia University Press, 1912. "The Place of the Languages and Literatures in the College Curriculum."In The American College, Henry Holt and Company, 1915. "The Bigotry of the New Education," The Nation, Vol. CV, 1917. "The Assault on Humanism," Part II, The Atlantic Monthly, Vols. CXIX/CXX, 1917. "Fifty Years of Classical Studies in America," Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, Vol. L, 1919."A Note on Herodotus," Classical Philology, Vol. XV, 1920.Other publications' Pope's translation of The Iliad of Homer, with an introduction and notes by <mask>, 1899. "Herodotus." In: The New International Encyclopædia, Vol. X, Dodd, Mead & Company, 1906, pp. 14–15. "Homer."In: The New International Encyclopædia, Vol. X, Dodd, Mead & Company, 1906, pp. 166–168. "Pindar." In: The New International Encyclopædia, Vol. XVI, Dodd,


texts:
 Mead & Company, 1906, pp. 31–32."Plato." In: The New International Encyclopædia, Vol. XVI, Dodd, Mead & Company, 1906, 101–104. Marion Mills Miller (ed. ), The Classics, Greek and Latim, with an introduction by <mask>, 1909. Legacy
A house in University of Chicago College housing is named in <mask>'s honor. Shorey House was located in Pierce Tower until that building's demolition in 2013 and is now located in International House.<mask>'s student, Harold F. Cherniss, was a well-known historian of ancient philosophy at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton and defended <mask>'s unitarian interpretation of Plato in several influential books. <mask>'s views thus became a central theme of later debates over Plato and Aristotle. Notes

References

Further reading
 Bonner, Robert J. (1934). "<mask>," The Classical Journal, Vol. 29, No. 9, pp.641–643. Norlin, George (1934). "<mask>–The Teacher," Classical Philology, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 188–191. Putnam, Emily James (1938)."<mask>," The Atlantic Monthly,'' Vol. 161, pp. 795–804. External links

 Works by <mask>, at JSTOR
 Works by <mask>, at Hathi Trust
 <mask> Letters at Newberry Library
 Sather Professor Portraits
Guide to the <mask> Papers 1865-1934 at the University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center

American classical scholars
<mask>, <mask>. Harvard University alumni
<mask>, Paaul
<mask>, Paaul
Classical scholars of Bryn Mawr College
Classical scholars of the University of Chicago
Scholars of ancient Greek literature
American scholars of ancient

masks:
Paul Shorey
Shorey
Shorey
Shorey
Shorey
Paul Shorey
Paul Shorey
Paul Shorey
Paul Shorey
Paul Shorey
Paul Shorey
Paul Shorey
Shorey
Paul
Shorey
Shorey


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<mask>  (born 1938) is a Jesuit Catholic priest and theologian, known mostly for his contributions to Latin American liberation theology. He received worldwide attention in 2007 when the Vatican's Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith issued a notification for what they termed doctrines that are "erroneous or dangerous and may cause harm to the faithful." Life
Born 27 December 1938 into a Basque family in Barcelona, Sobrino entered the Society of Jesus when he was 18. The following year, in 1958, he was sent to El Salvador. He later studied engineering at Saint Louis University, an American Jesuit university, and then theology at Sankt Georgen Graduate School of Philosophy and Theology in Frankfurt in West Germany for his Doctor of Theology (Dr.theol.) degree. Returning to El Salvador, he taught at the Jesuit-run University of Central America (UCA) in San Salvador, which he helped to found.On 16 November 1989 he narrowly escaped the murder of the UCA scholars by the Atlacatl Battalion, an elite unit of the Salvadoran Army. By a coincidence, he was away from El Salvador when members of the military broke into the rectory at the UCA and brutally murdered his six fellow Jesuits, Ignacio Ellacuría, Segundo Montes, Juan Ramón Moreno, Ignacio Martín-Baró, Amando López, and Joaquín López y López, and their housekeeper Elba Ramos and her 16-year-old daughter Celina Ramos. The Jesuits were targeted for their outspoken work to bring a resolution to the brutal El Salvador Civil War that left about 75,000 men, women, and children dead, mostly civilians. Investigated by the Vatican throughout his career as a professor of theology, he has remained an outspoken proponent of peace, joining protests in 2008 of the continued training of Latin American military officers in torture techniques at the School of the Americas at Fort Benning. Works
Sobrino's main works are Jesus the Liberator (1991) and its sequel Christ the Liberator (1999), along with Christology at the Crossroads (1978), The True Church and the Poor (1984),


texts:
 Spirituality of Liberation (1990), The Principle of Mercy: Taking the Crucified People from the Cross (Orbis, 1994), No Salvation Outside the Poor, and Prophetic-Utopian Essays (Orbis, 2008). Vatican notification
Because of the theological positions he took in his works, Sobrino was the subject of a theological notification; a critique statement and an admonishment by the Vatican and the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in March 2007. The congregation declared that Sobrino placed too great an emphasis on the human nature of Jesus Christ, downplaying Jesus' divine nature, and that his "works contain propositions which are either erroneous or dangerous and may cause harm to the faithful."While certain of his teachings were declared false, the congregation did not condemn or censure him, or prohibit him from teaching or lecturing. However, Federico Lombardi at the Vatican Press Office hinted at the possibility that his bishop or superior in the Jesuit order might choose to take action. The congregation emphasized in the notification that it was issued as part of its service "to the people of God, and particularly to the simple and poorest members of the Church." They emphasized the people's "right to know the truth ... about Christ" and therefore their corresponding duty to intervene. The notification was premised on Benedict XVI's teaching that "the first poverty among people is not to know Christ." According to the Notification, <mask>'s erroneous propositions concerned: "1) the methodological presuppositions on which the Author bases his theological reflection, 2) the Divinity of Jesus Christ, 3) the Incarnation of the Son of God, 4) the relationship between Jesus Christ and the Kingdom of God, 5) the Self-consciousness of Jesus, and 6) the salvific value of his Death." At the root of what the Vatican saw as <mask>'s error is his affirmation that "the 'Church of the poor' is the ecclesial 'setting' of Christology and offers it its fundamental orientation."However, the Vatican believes that it is "only

masks: Sobrino Sobrino


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 the apostolic faith which the Church has transmitted through all generations that constitutes the ecclesial setting of Christology and of theology in general." Contrary to criticisms that the Vatican acted without due consultation and unfairly, the Vatican says that a Notification is made after notifying the author of the statements that are seen to be problematic and after awaiting a reply from the author who is given 3 months whereby to respond. Retired professor of theology Peter Hünermann (then Tübingen, Germany) declared in April 2007 that the Vatican notification was a "shock" for all theologians, because along with Sobrino "the most distinguished exegetes and systematic theologians – both Catholic and Protestant – stood in the dock". Supported by more than 100 professors of Catholic theology, Hünermann also demanded an "intelligent redevelopment" of the Vatican Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, because, as successor organization of the Holy Office, it still had the structure of an "early modern board of censors". <mask>'s work was reviewed by a number of theologians, including , , Javier Vitoria, Carlo Palacio of Belo Horizonte, and Martin Maier, editor of the German Jesuit periodical Stimmen der Zeit. These theologians found no doctrinal errors in Sobrino's works. It is not apparent that their findings have been considered by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.References

External links

  An anthology written in response to the notification. full text of Vatican rebuke

 Video clip of <mask> discussing Salvadoran war

1938 births
20th-century Spanish Jesuits
21st-century Spanish Jesuits
People of Basque descent
Christian radicals
Dissident Roman Catholic theologians
Jesuit missionaries
Jesuit theologians
Liberation theologians
Living people
Clergy from Barcelona
Roman Catholic missionaries in El Salvador
Sankt Georgen Graduate School of Philosophy and Theology alumni
Spanish Roman Catholic missionaries
20th-century Spanish Roman Catholic theologians
Central American University


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<mask> is an American chef based in Oxford, Mississippi. he owns four restaurants in the city of Oxford: City Grocery, Big Bad Breakfast, Bourè, and Snackbar in addition to a catering business, The Main Event. Currence also owns numerous Big Bad Breakfast locations in Alabama, Florida, Tennessee and South Carolina. He won a James Beard Award in 2009 for the category of Best Chef, South, at City Grocery. He later also participated in the third season of the Bravo television competition Top Chef Masters. Early life
<mask> was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. The majority of his childhood was spent in the American South, but in the early 1970s his family moved to the United Kingdom.His father worked for Texaco Oil. His mother, a teacher at Isidore Newman School, took Currence and his brother out of that same school for four-day weekends to travel around Europe and experience the cuisines of Italy, Germany, and France. After returning to the Carolinas and graduating high school, Currence attended Hampden-Sydney College and the University of North Carolina. One of his part-time jobs while at the university was as a dishwasher at Bill Neal's Crook's Corner restaurant, which had recently been profiled by The New York Times. His first cooking job was on a tugboat in the Gulf of Mexico, but his professional career began under Bill Neal at his Chapel Hill, North Carolina restaurant, Crooks Corner. In 1989, Currence returned to New Orleans to be sous chef at Gautreau's, co-owned by Larkin Selman. In 1992, Currence began to plan a restaurant of his own.He was inspired to re-open City Grocery, a restaurant in Oxford, Mississippi that had been built inside a Reconstruction era livery stable. Career

Restaurants
Currence owns four restaurants in Oxford, Mississippi: City Grocery, Bourè, Snackbar, and Big Bad Breakfast, which he expanded to include locations in Charleston, South Carolina, Inlet Beach, Florida, Florence, Alabama, Homewood, Alabama,  Birmingham, Alabama, Franklin, Tennessee, Nashville, Tennessee,

masks:
John Currence
John Curce


texts:
 Memphis, TN and Louisville, KY. He also owns The Main Event, a catering business based in Oxford for in-house and off-site catering events. A fifth Oxford-based venture, Lamar Lounge, since closed. According to Vogue, "[y]ou can't visit Oxford without hearing someone sing the praises of Chef <mask>urrence." City Grocery was Currence's first restaurant, with a Southern and traditional Creole French menu, opened in 1992, and has been in Oxford Courthouse Square since 1996. The New York Times recommended "its rowdy upstairs bar and elegant dining below".It was named one of the "South's Best Bars" by Southern Living in 2013. In fall 1999, it won its first of several Wine Spectator Awards of Excellence. Big Bad Breakfast started in Oxford in 2008, but later spawned additional locations in Florida, Alabama, Tennessee, and South Carolina. It has received recognition from publications like The Culture Trip, which named it one of the best diners in the South by in 2016, The Daily Meal, Serious Eats, and Travel and Leisure. Snackbar opened in 2009, and its chef Vishwesh Bhatt won the James Beard Award for Best Chef in the South in 2019. Currence bought barbecue restaurant Lamar Lounge in 2012. It received attention from publications like Sports Illustrated and Garden & Gun, but closed in 2016.It reopened as Fat Eddie's, an American Italian restaurant, which itself closed in 2017. TV appearances
Currence was featured as a contestant on season 3 of the reality television cooking competition Top Chef Masters. He won the second week of the competition, "Everything Old is New Again", but was knocked out in the third episode. Bravo TV, the network on which Top Chef Masters is hosted, released <mask>'s pre competition interview. Currence joined Andrew Zimmern on the Travel Channel's Bizarre Foods, exploring The Blues Trail to try unusual BLT sandwiches, including one made with testicles. He has also appeared on an episode of Anthony Bourdain's No Reservations: Parts Unknown, about the Mississippi Delta and

masks:
John C
John Curce


texts:
 southern culture. In 2009 he was featured on the CBS Early Show during a segment called "A Chef on a Shoestring".The segment featured how to cook a three-course meal for four for under $35. Publications
Currence has published th books, Pickles, Pigs & Whiskey: Recipes from My Three Favorite Food Groups and Then Some, Big Bad Breakfast: The Most Important Book of the Day and Tailgreat: How to Crush It at Tailgating. He was a contributor to the cookbook Wild Abundance: Ritual, Revelry & Recipes of the South's Finest Hunting Clubs. Pickles, Pigs & Whiskey was featured or reviewed by The New York Times Book Review, which called it "a culinary rebel yell in a new key", as well as The Washington Post, Eater, and others. Big Bad Breakfast was featured as the Los Angeles Times Cookbook of the Week. Awards and recognition
<mask> was the recipient of the James Beard Award in 2009 for Best Chef South. The Southern Documentary Project filmed the announcement and his acceptance speech.The Mississippi Restaurant Association awarded him the Restaurateur of the Year and Chef of the Year awards. In 2008, Currence won The Great American Seafood Cookoff hosted annually in New Orleans, Louisiana. The Southern Foodways Alliance awarded Currence the Guardian of Tradition award in 2006, and he was awarded the Mississippi State Tourism Investment Award in 2015. In 2014 the Southern Independent Booksellers Alliance (SIBA) awarded Currence Best Cookbook Award for Pickles, Pigs & Whiskey. Philanthropy and activism
Currence was featured in The New York Times for launching the Big Gay Mississippi Welcome Table, a protest against Governor Phil Bryant's signing of the anti-gay House Bill 1523. When interviewed for Top Chef Masters, he emphasized that if he won the competition, he would donate prize money to No Kid Hungry, a fund to end childhood hunger in the United States. References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
People from New Orleans
American chefs
American male chefs
American


texts:
<mask>. (April 10, 1917 – October 8, 1942) was a United States Army Air Corps officer and a recipient of the United States military's highest award, the Medal of Honor, for his actions during World War II. He was the namesake for Pease Air Force Base, now Pease Air National Guard Base. Biography

<mask> was born and raised in Plymouth, New Hampshire, and graduated from Tilton School, a college-preparatory school. He then attended the University of New Hampshire, where he became a brother of Theta Chi fraternity. In 1939, he graduated with a degree in business administration and enlisted in the Army Air Corps. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in June 1940 and awarded pilot rating upon completion of flight training at Kelly Field, Texas. <mask> was assigned to the 19th Bombardment Group (19th BG) as a B-17 pilot at Albuquerque Army Air Base, and in October 1941 flew with the group to Clark Field in the Philippines.As part of the Far East Air Force, <mask> was present at Clark Field when it was bombed by Japanese aircraft on December 8, 1941, flew missions in defense of the Philippines, and evacuated with the group to Darwin, Northern Territory, on December 20, 1941. <mask> continued to fly missions with the group in defense of Java until the end of February 1942. As the Japanese advanced in the Philippines, <mask> was ordered to lead three B-17s of the 19th BG to Del Monte Field on Mindanao to evacuate General Douglas MacArthur, along with the general's family and staff, to Australia. One of the battered planes was forced to abort early, while another developed engine trouble and crashed south of

masks:
Harl Pease Jr
Pease
Pease
Pease
Pease
Pease


texts: Del Monte. <mask> landed his Fortress safely, despite its inoperative wheel brakes. MacArthur was shocked at the sight of <mask>'s aircraft, upon which the ground crews of the undersupplied 19th BG had used cut-up ration cans to patch bullet holes, as well as <mask> himself, whom MacArthur described as a "child". MacArthur flatly refused to place his wife and son aboard <mask>'s B-17 and instead waited for another plane to arrive two days later.In May, from a base near Townsville, Queensland, the 19th BG supported naval carrier aircraft in the Battle of the Coral Sea, and bombed targets on the north coast of New Guinea, 16–18 hour missions that necessitated staging through Port Moresby. During the first six months of the war, the 19th BG was awarded four Distinguished Unit Citations. On August 6, 1942, one engine of <mask>'s B-17 failed during a mission, forcing a return to its base at Mareeba Airfield for repairs. The 19th BG had already scheduled a "maximum effort" mission against Rabaul, New Britain, on August 7 but <mask> and his crew, with their aircraft out of commission, were not scheduled. <mask> understood the importance of the mission and was determined to rejoin the group. Only one B-17 at Mareeba was able to fly, a "war-weary" bomber relegated to training. Its engines needed an overhaul, some armament had been dismounted, and the electric fuel-transfer pump had been used for replacement parts.<mask> had a fuel tank installed in the bomb bay, with a handpump rigged to transfer fuel, and in less than three hours, was en route to Port Moresby with his crew, all of whom had also volunteered for

masks: Pease Pease Pease Pease Pease Pease Pease Pease


texts: the mission. They landed at 1:00 a.m. after working or flying almost continuously since 6:00 a.m. the previous day. With only three hours' crew rest, <mask> took off with the group to attack Rabaul's Vunakanau airdrome. While  from the target, the group was attacked by more than 30 Japanese fighters. <mask> and his crew claimed several of the fighters, fought their way to the target, and bombed successfully, but sustained heavy damage in the attacks. After leaving the target area, <mask>'s crippled B-17 fell behind the rest of the formation. Once again attacked by fighters, he was seen to jettison the burning bomb bay fuel tank before falling back out of sight.<mask> and his crew were presumed killed in action. Before the B-17 crashed, however, <mask> and another crew member were able to bail out; both were captured and taken to a POW camp in Rabaul. <mask> languished there until October 8, 1942. On that date, <mask>, three other Americans, and two Australians were forced to dig their own grave, then were beheaded. Postwar, the remains of three of <mask>'s crew were found and identified; however, the remains of <mask> and those killed with him were not recovered. On December 2, 1942, the Medal of Honor, awarded posthumously to <mask>, was presented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to his parents. The recommendation for the award had been issued by Major General George Kenney, with an endorsement General MacArthur had personally written when Kenney notified him of <mask>'s death.In June 1957, Portsmouth Air Force Base in New Hampshire was renamed Pease Air Force Base in his honor. It closed in March

masks: Pease Pease Pease Pease Pease Pease Pease Pease Pease Pease Pease


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 1991; a portion continues to operate as Pease Air National Guard Base. Medal of Honor citation
<mask>, <mask>, Jr.
(Air Mission)

Rank and organization: captain, U.S. Army Air Corps, 93rd Bombardment Squadron. Place and date near Rabaul, New Britain, 6 – August 7, 1942. Entered service at: Plymouth, N.H. Birth: Plymouth, N.H. G.O. No.: 59, November 4, 1942. Citation

For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty in action with the enemy on 6–7 August 1942. When 1 engine of the bombardment airplane of which he was pilot failed during a bombing mission over New Guinea, Capt. <mask> was forced to return to a base in Australia. Knowing that all available airplanes of his group were to participate the next day in an attack on an enemy-held airdrome near Rabaul, New Britain, although he was not scheduled to take part in this mission, Capt. <mask> selected the most serviceable airplane at this base and prepared it for combat, knowing that it had been found and declared unserviceable for combat missions. With the members of his combat crew, who volunteered to accompany him, he rejoined his squadron at Port Moresby, New Guinea, at 1 a.m. on 7 August, after having flown almost continuously since early the preceding morning.With only 3 hours' rest, he took off with his squadron for the attack. Throughout the long flight to Rabaul, New Britain, he managed by skillful flying of his unserviceable airplane to maintain his position in the group. When the formation was intercepted by about 30 enemy fighter airplanes before reaching the target, Capt. <mask>, on the wing which bore the brunt

masks: Pease Harl Pease Pease Pease


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 of the hostile attack, by gallant action and the accurate shooting by his crew, succeeded in destroying several Zeros before dropping his bombs on the hostile base as planned, this in spite of continuous enemy attacks. The fight with the enemy pursuit lasted 25 minutes until the group dived into cloud cover. After leaving the target, Capt. <mask>'s aircraft fell behind the balance of the group due to unknown difficulties as a result of the combat, and was unable to reach this cover before the enemy pursuit succeeded in igniting 1 of his bomb bay tanks.He was seen to drop the flaming tank. It is believed that Capt. <mask>'s airplane and crew were subsequently shot down in flames, as they did not return to their base. In voluntarily performing this mission Capt. <mask> contributed materially to the success of the group, and displayed high devotion to duty, valor, and complete contempt for personal danger. His undaunted bravery has been a great inspiration to the officers and men of his unit. See also

List of Medal of Honor recipients

Sources

References

Further reading

External links

1917 births
1942 deaths
United States Army Air Forces Medal of Honor recipients
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
United States Army Air Forces officers
United States Army Air Forces personnel killed in World War II
Aviators killed by being shot down
United States Army Air Forces pilots of World War II
Recipients of the Air Medal
World War II recipients of the Medal of Honor
People from Plymouth, New Hampshire
University of New Hampshire alumni
Aviators killed in aviation accidents or

masks: Pease Pease Pease


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<mask> was a pioneering forester on the Victorian goldfields at Creswick, Australia in the late 1800s. Early life
<mask> was born on 22 May 1845 on the island of Jersey as the only son of <mask> and <mask>e. His surname is a remnant of the island's Norman heritage, and he would have spoken fluent French as well as English. The <mask> family were not only prominent farmers on the island, but his father was the local constable and lieutenant of the local militia. <mask> grew up on a 14-acre farm which had been owned by the family since 1670. Between 1857 and 1862 he attended Victoria College for boys and excelled at his studies, winning prizes for proficiency in languages, (English, French and German), as well as mathematics. He emigrated to Victoria on the Agra from London as an “unassisted cabin passenger”, and arrived in Hobsons Bay near Melbourne on 30 March 1865.He listed his occupation on the manifest as "gentleman", and it is likely he had come to take up land as a new settler rather than as a gold miner. Elizabeth Nora Bendixon, also of Jersey, immigrated to Australia with her widowed mother and four sisters in 1859, and she worked as a housemaid to a wealthy family at Gisborne. It is uncertain where they met, but <mask> <mask> and Elizabeth married at Geelong on 17 July 1871. The Victorian Gold Rush – Impact on the forests

Before European settlement in the early 1800s, around 88% of the 23.7-million-hectare colony of what was to become the State of Victoria in 1851 was tree covered. However, the Victorian gold rush of the 1850s combined with widespread and indiscriminate land clearing for mining, agriculture and settlement became one of the major causes of forest loss and degradation. Over the next three decades, the forests were denuded in the wasteful scramble to produce timbers for mining operations, such as poppet legs, props, laths, sawn timber and firewood for boilers. The forests were being rapidly and recklessly cleared in

masks:
John La Gerche
John La Gerche
Jean La Gerche
Marguerite La Motte
La Gerche
John
John La
Gerche


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 ever-widening circles around the goldfields.By 1873 it was estimated that were some 1150 steam engines in the gold mining industry, devouring over one million tons of firewood. Forest management, government regulation and enforcement during this period was chaotic. Ironically it was the timber needs of the mining industry, on which much of the colony's wealth was founded, that led the Government to finally act and set aside forest reservess. So in 1862, the assistant commissioner of Crown Lands, Clement Hodgkinson, withheld some 35,000 acres near the goldfields. The forests around Creswick were reserved later in 1866. At the urging of the Governor of Victoria, Lord Henry Brougham Loch, who had served in Bengal cavalry and maintained an interest in forests, the Government invited Conservator Frederick D'A. Vincent from the Imperial Forest Service in India to visit in 1887 and make recommendations.But to seek advice was one thing; to take it was another, and Vincent's scathing report was never tabled in Parliament. It was not until 14 June 1888, that the first conservator of forests for Victoria, George Samuel Perrin, was appointed. He had previous experience in South Australia and Tasmania and despite having little power or authority, was able to appoint a number of foresters over the next 12 years. Sawmilling enterprise
Meanwhile, in 1870 <mask> <mask> and his partner Dodd were operating a small sawmill in the Bullarook Forest (now known as Wombat Forest) between Leonards Hill and Daylesford. But it fell into financial difficulties and closed in 1875. Fierce competition from neighbouring sawmills like James Wheeler who had powerful political connections claimed an area of 640 acres where <mask>che and Dodd had been operating and a shortage of trees was partially to blame. They took their grievances to Clement Hodgkinson but he didn't intervene and sent them home to reach a gentleman's agreement.The absence of clear forest policies and regulations

masks:
John La
Gerche
La Ger


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 generally encouraged a sawmillers free-for-all. No doubt this had an effect on La Gerches' long term attitude to the ineffectiveness of government controls. In 1871, Hodkinson introduced local Forest Boards in a vain attempt to exercise control, but the task of regulating wasteful clearing proved formidable. The board employed only three bailiffs for the entire Wombat, Creswick- Ballarat districts: an impossible task on horseback. The Forest Boards were abolished in 1876. Meanwhile, timber licenses had been issued to sawmillers over 1000-acre blocks of the Wombat forest in 1873 but they allowed unlimited cutting and encouraged wastage. By 1897 the entire Wombat state forest was officially declared a "ruined forest".It is not clear what <mask> subsequently did for the next six years after the collapse of his sawmilling enterprise. Crown Land Bailiff and Forester
Aged thirty-six and with a growing family <mask> chose a more secure job in 1881 with the Public Works Department as a timekeeper. Later in October 1882, he was appointed as one of sixteen Crown Lands Bailiffs and Foresters within the Agriculture Branch of the Department of Lands. Their appointment held out a promise to end the forest destruction under the 1884 Land Act which recognised the significance of forests for public purposes but the budget allocation was a paltry £4000. His particular assignment was to supervise the Ballarat and Creswick State Forest, an area almost the third the size of his native Jersey and his principal focus was to enforce regulations against illegal cutting of timber. No doubt a thankless task. His predecessor had been W. Llewelyn Jones.The distinction between Foresters and Bailiffs was one of both uniforms and jurisdiction. Bailiffs wore broad-brimmed hats and their authority extended over both Crown Lands and State Forests, whereas Foresters wore a smaller cap (<mask> Gerche wore a beret) and were responsible for activities only upon State Forest. Only

masks:
La Gerche
La Gerche
La


texts:
 Bailiffs were able to prosecute matters in court but <mask> Gerche held dual roles. However, as Bailiff, <mask> Gerche had to work with poorly framed regulations. The licensing system was permissive and the courts and magistrates were more often sympathetic to the mining industry and woodcutters. He was also pitted against expert lawyers aiming to dismiss forest offences. Convictions proved hard to achieve unless he had personally observed the illegal cutting.It's reported that <mask> rode the boundaries of the forest on his horse alone and often stayed overnight to guard the site. He could then hear the sound of the axes and follow the trails of the buggies illegally removing produce in the early morning mist. But the most successful and notorious timber cutters simply avoided him which wasn't hard to do so in the undulating forest. His diligence was not always supported by his distant superiors, and not surprisingly his tactics made him locally unpopular. But it is also reported that <mask> resisted pressure to clear out the Chinese from the forest. Reforestation and repair
Part of <mask> Gerche responsibilities required him to grow and nurture a new crop of trees and to restore the landscape scared by mining but he complained he couldn't achieve that until he controlled illegal cutting. However, Vincent's withering report in 1887 proved a watershed moment and <mask> <mask>'s responsibilities shifted more to managing forests and plantations and less towards enforcement as a bailiff.Correspondingly, in 1887 <mask> Gerche recommended that forest reserves should be closed until the trees had attained a diameter of 12 inches. During that time special licenses could be given for the purposes of cutting the scrub and crooked timber, leaving the straight saplings. Without any formal forestry training or guidance, <mask> Gerche initiated a pioneering thinning experiment on 100 acres of Creswick forest to remove scrub and crooked trees but retain the

masks:
La
La
La Gerche
La Gerche
John La
John La
Gerche
La
La


texts:
 healthy straight saplings. Messmate, Eucalyptus obliqua, was the preferred species compared to less valuable peppermints and it responded well to the treatment. <mask> <mask> was able to accompany Frederick D'A. Vincent during his visit to the Creswick forest in June 1887 and Vincent was later complimentary of his work to restore the forest landscape. He began the immense task of restocking of the forest modestly in 1883 by experimenting with one pound of blue gums seeds.The seedlings were not successful, but he was not easily discouraged. <mask> <mask> undertook more trials of establishing Eucalyptus globulus and raised Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus cladocalyx seedlings in the nursery in the late 1890s. Sawpit Gully Nursery

Not long after commencing his new role, <mask> began repairing the denuded Creswick forest. Earlier in 1872, a government nursery had been established at Macedon by Victoria's first “Overseer of Forests and Crown Land Bailiff", William Ferguson. <mask>che worked closely with Macedon to obtain seedlings and advice. In 1887, <mask> <mask> established a small plantation in Sawpit Gully north of Creswick by enclosing a 2-acre plot and transplanting over 700 seedlings. <mask> chose the Sawpit Gully site because he was advised that its slopes and soils were “the very thing for growing pines”.The location was highly disturbed by old gold diggings, but it had a water race snaking around the spurs. He established a nursery in 1888. The owner, Albert Wade, prepared the land for planting and agreed to become caretaker. By 1889 La Gerche had planted over 19,000 trees in the plantation areas near the nursery. Aided by Albert Wade, a retired miner, the enormous task of fencing, digging holes and planting seedlings had the adjoining plantation reaching its largest size ten year later in 1899, covering 300 acres with 24,000 trees. But the Creswick climate proved harsh on the first plantings, with low rainfall and some

masks:
John La
Gerche
John La
Gerche
La Gerche
La Ger
John La
Gerche
La Gerche


texts: characteristic severe frosts. In 1889 about 100,000 seedlings raised at sawpit gully nursery we moved to the abandoned New Australia Mine site just north of Creswick.The forester in charge of the Ballarat Water Commission, Christopher Mudd, also supported <mask>che by exchanging seeds, plants and ideas. From 1888 the Conservator of Forests, George Perrin also took a special interest in the nursery and plantation. <mask> was resourceful and obtained new trees and seedlings from any sources he could find, including some trees from the Ballarat botanical gardens. With the encouragement of Perrin new species were introduced to include planes, oaks, English maples, limes, several species of pines, sycamore, elms and poplar. Meanwhile, and perhaps exemplifying the influence of Indian forestry throughout the British Empire, the State Government invited Inspector-General Berthold Ribbentrop, also from the Imperial Forest Service in 1895 to inspect and report on Victoria's forests. He underscored "State forest conservancy and management are in an extraordinary backward state". Ribbentrop's report prompted yet another Royal Commission which commenced in 1897 and produced 14 separate reports before closing in 1901.By 1897, the year of his departure from Creswick, nearly three-quarters of the forest had been thinned, much of it fenced and many plantations established. Mining was in decline and pilfering had practically ceased. The number of cattle in the forest had greatly diminished and their owners departed. While <mask>che had personally planted over 100,000 seedlings. Departmental restructuring is not new. Between 1856 and 1907 the responsibility for administration of Victoria's forest estate shunted back and forth at least eleven times between three Government Departments including Lands and Survey, Agriculture and Mines. The State Forest Department was finally created in 1908 and <mask> was appointed one of its founding Inspectors along with W J Code,

masks:
La Ger
La Gerche
La Ger
La Gerche


texts:
 and J Firth.The State Forests Department later became the Forests Commission Victoria in December 1918. Later in 1908, <mask> Gerche's original nursery was moved back to its present site further down the gully to coincide with the opening of the Victorian School of Forestry. Legacy

<mask> <mask> died on 18 November 1914 and was buried in the Ballaarat old Cemetery  with his wife Nora. <mask> was largely forgotten until the 1960s when his detailed pocket books turned up at the Victorian School of Forestry (VSF) at Creswick and then later in the 1980s his letters were found in a dusty cupboard in the old forest office at Melbourne. A bushfire swept through much of the Creswick forest in February 1977 and destroyed many of the stands of trees he planted but it is possible to still to find some remnants. In 1998, the La Gerche Trail was opened to commemorate his life and works. The walking trail was established by a senior lecturer from the nearby Forestry School, Ron Hateley, and students of the University of Melbourne, in collaboration with Victorian Landcare Centre which was based at the old nursery at that time.It is now managed by Parks Victoria. A commemorative statue of <mask> <mask> can be found on the trail which was carved by the Creswick Railway Workshops Association in 2014 from a fallen 112-year old Sequoia sempervirens (Californian Redwood), believed to have been planted in 1902 by <mask>'s successor, <mask> who was then the Superintendent of State Plantations. The Sawpit Gully area, including the nursery site and plantation, was granted heritage status in 2015. References

External links

 McHugh, Peter. (2020). Forests and Bushfire History of Victoria : A compilation of short stories, Victoria. https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2899074696/view
FCRPA - Forests Commission Retired Personnel Association (Peter McHugh) - https://www.victoriasforestryheritage.org.au
 https://omeka.cloud.unimelb.edu.au/cchc/

1845 births
1914 deaths
Forestry in

masks:
La
John La
Gerche
La Gerche
John La
Gerche
La Gerche
John Johnson


texts:
<mask> (, )
(18 March 1926 – 6 March 2010) was an anti-Zionist Iraqi Jew, and author of an autobiographical article and historical analysis titled "The Jews of Iraq". The article later formed the basis for his originally self-published book Ben-Gurion's Scandals: How the Haganah and the Mossad Eliminated Jews. Biography

Early life in Iraq
<mask> was born <mask> () on 18 March 1926 to an Iraqi Jewish family and later lived in Israel and the United States. <mask> describes his family as, "a large and important" family named "Haroon" who had settled in Iraq after the Babylonian exile. According to <mask>, his family had owned 50,000 acres (200 km²) devoted to rice, dates and Arabian horses. They were later involved in gold purchase and purification, and were therefore given the name, 'Khalaschi', meaning 'Makers of Pure' by the Ottoman Turks who occupied Iraq at the time. He states that he joined the underground Zionist movement at age 14, without his parents' knowledge and was involved in underground activities.He was arrested and jailed by the Iraqi government in 1947, when he was 17 years old. During his two years in Abu Ghraib prison, he expected to be sentenced to death for smuggling Iraqi Jews out of the country to Iran, where they were then taken to Israel. He managed to escape from prison and travel to Israel, arriving in May 1950. Experiences in Israel
<mask> reports that upon entering Israel in 1950, he was "asked where I wanted to go and what I wanted to do," and that he volunteered to go to Dafna, a farming kibbutz in the Galilee. He relates that he lasted only a few weeks

masks:
Naeim Giladi
Giladi
Naeim Khalasch
Giladi
Giladi
Giladi


texts: because, "the new immigrants were given the worst of everything…the food was the same, but that was the only thing everyone had in common. For the immigrants, bad cigarettes, even bad toothpaste. Everything.I left." After leaving Dafna, <mask> went to the Jewish Agency to seek reassignment. He says he was told to go to al-Mejdil, an Arab town about nine miles from Gaza, and now a part of Ashkelon, that was to be transformed into a farming community. When the officials at the Labor Office there discovered that he was fluent in Arabic, he relates that they encouraged him to seek employment with the Military Governor's office. He says he was assigned the task of procuring the signatures of the Palestinian inhabitants of al-Mejdil on a set of government forms that stated that they were willingly giving up their lands to go to Gaza, at the time under Egyptian occupation. He relates how he realised in short time that those Palestinians signing such documents were doing so under duress. He argues that they were denied the right to access their agricultural lands and penned up in a small area and so some signed simply to end their agony.He wrote, "Those Palestinians who didn't sign up for transfers were taken by force – just put in trucks and dumped in Gaza." He left the job disgusted and attempted to procure government work elsewhere. <mask> states he subsequently had difficulty finding employment because of discrimination against Arab Jews. He recalls that when he arrived in Israel, in May 1950, his Iraqi passport had his name as written in Arabic and transliterated using the Latin alphabet.

masks: Giladi Giladi


texts: <mask> states that because, "the English couldn't capture the "kh" sound…it was rendered simply as Klaski." At the border, Israeli immigration officials applied what he calls the "English" version of his name, which had an Eastern European, Ashkenazi sound to it. <mask> writes that "in one way, this 'mistake' was my key to discovering very soon just how the Israeli caste system worked.After leaving al-Mejdil, he reports that he wrote letters trying to get a government job elsewhere and got many interviews, but when it was discovered that his face didn't match his Polish/Ashkenazi name, he was rebuffed, advised time and again that "we'll give you a call." Eventually, he changed his name to "<mask>", which he writes was "close to the code name, Gilad, that he had in the Zionist underground." While living in Israel, his views of Zionism changed. He writes that, he "was disillusioned personally, disillusioned at the institutionalized racism, disillusioned at what I was beginning to learn about Zionism's cruelties. The principal interest Israel had in Jews from Islamic countries was as a supply of cheap labor, especially for the farm work that was beneath the urbanized Eastern European Jews. Ben-Gurion needed the "Oriental" Jews to farm the thousands of acres of land left by Palestinians who were driven out by Israeli forces in 1948". <mask> relates that he became politicized after an experience at the Socialist/Zionist Party headquarters.He had received a letter asking for help with their Arabic newspaper, and when he showed up at the headquarters and tried to show them the letter, he was

masks: Giladi Giladi Giladi Giladi


texts:
 dismissively told to report to the "Department for Jews from Islamic Countries" by many people who had not even looked at his letter to see why he had been invited. He says that he "was disgusted and angry. Either I am a member of the party or I'm not. Do I have a different ideology or different politics because I am an Arab Jew? It's segregation, I thought, just like a Negroes' Department. I turned around and walked out. That was the start of my open protests.That same year I organized a demonstration in Ashkelon against Ben-Gurion's racist policies and 10,000 people turned out." After serving in the Israeli Army between 1967 and 1970, <mask> was active in the Israeli Black Panthers movement. Life in the United States
In the 1980s, he left Israel for New York City. In the U.S., he wrote about an autobiographical account and historical analysis of Zionist misdeeds in Iraq, Palestine, and later Israel in an article titled "The Jews of Iraq" The article later formed the basis for his originally self-published book Ben-Gurion's Scandal: How the Haganah and the Mossad Eliminated Jews. He died on 6 March 2010, in a rehabilitation center in New York City after battling a lengthy illness, and was buried in the Jewish tradition by the Hebrew Free Burial Association. Controversy

Anti-Zionism
<mask> has strong views on Zionism and its negative effects and his article begins with the following passage: "I write this article for the same reason I wrote my book: to tell the American people, and especially American Jews, that Jews from Islamic lands did not emigrate willingly to Israel; that, to


texts: force them to leave, Jews killed Jews; and that, to buy time to confiscate ever more Arab lands, Jews on numerous occasions rejected genuine peace initiatives from their Arab neighbors. I write about what the first prime minister of Israel called 'cruel Zionism'.I write about it because I was part of it." <mask>'s position that the 1950–1951 Baghdad bombings were "perpetrated by Zionist agents in order to cause fear amongst the Jews, and so promote their exodus to Israel" is shared by a number of anti-Zionist authors, including the Israeli Black Panthers (1975), David Hirst (1977), Wilbur Crane Eveland (1980), Uri Avnery (1988), Ella Shohat (1986), Abbas Shiblak (1986), Marion Wolfsohn (1980), and Rafael Shapiro (1984). In his article, <mask> notes that this was also the conclusion of Wilbur Crane Eveland, a former senior officer in the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) who outlined that allegation in his book "Ropes of Sand". Alternatively, historian Moshe Gat argues that there was little direct connection between the bombings and the exodus of Jewish refugees. Gat questions the guilt of the alleged Jewish bombthrowers who were found guilty in an Iraqi court of having perpetrated one of the bombings. He cites a rumour that a Christian Iraqi army officer "known for his anti-Jewish views", was initially arrested for the crime, but was evidently not charged despite the large number of explosive materials matching those used in an earlier synagogue bombing that were allegedly found in his home. He further cites a long history of anti-Jewish bomb-throwing incidents in Iraq.Contemporary


texts: Israeli officials and mainly Mordechai Ben Porat and Shlomo Hillel, prominent figures at the Iraqi Zionist underground, vehemently deny the charges. An internal investigation conducted in Israel in 1960 found no proof of an order to execute such an attack. More possible responsible parties have been suggested, such as the Iraqi CID and the Muslim Brotherhood. There is however, little in the way of completely definitive evidence either way. Jewish studies scholar, Philip Mendes suggests that, "It therefore remains an open question as to who was responsible for the bombings," claiming that "memories and interpretations of the events have further been influenced and distorted by the unfortunate discrimination which many Iraqi Jews experienced on their arrival in Israel (Black Panthers 1975:132–133; Shohat 1988; Swirski 1989; Massad 1996)." He does say, however, that Gat argues "convincingly" that there was "little direct connection between the bombings and exodus.". Historian Dr. Yosef Meir, an Iraqi Zionist underground operative, argues in a rebuttal article that while there is a direct connection, the culprits are the Iraqi government or Arab nationalists.He points to the fact that the bombings in question occurred after the Citizenship relinquishment act of 1950 had already expired and therefore no Jews could register for exit. He also notes that the two Zionist operatives hanged were never charged with the Masouda Shem-Tov bombing, but rather three unrelated bombings which occurred later. On the other hand, he lists the motives of the government and the pressure it exerted on


texts: "Near-East" (the company performing the airlifts). Yosef Meir's criticism points to circumstantial evidence that the Zionist movement had no motive while the Iraqi government and Arab nationalists did, and accuses <mask> of withholding this information on purpose, calling it "an obvious attempt to mislead readers." <mask> also mentions Mordechai Ben Porat, a former Israeli Member of the Knesset, and a Cabinet minister, who was a key figure in the Zionist underground, as having been cited as one of the figures responsible for the bombings by one of the Iraqi investigators into the bombings, in a book titled Venom of the Zionist Viper. Ben-Porat was one of several Israeli undercover Mossad agents arrested in Baghdad after the explosion; he was able to skip bail and flee to Israel. Mordechai Ben-Porat has vigorously denied this allegation, which he characterizes as akin to "blood libel", and which prompted him to write his 1998 book, "To Baghdad and Back".In it, Mordechai contends that the false charge against him was conceived at Iraq police headquarters. The affair has also been the subject of an anti-libel lawsuit by Ben Porat against a journalist who published <mask>'s accusations. The lawsuit has been settled out of court with the journalist publishing an apology. For his 2006 book Occupied Minds, British journalist Arthur Neslen interviewed Yehuda Tajar, a Mossad agent who spent ten years of a 25-year prison sentence in Iraq, after being convicted for the explosions. Tajar insists that, although his undercover cell was prepared to carry out such acts, they did not in fact do so. The

masks: Giladi Giladi Giladi


texts:
 actual explosions, he claims, were the work of the Muslim Brotherhood. After several members of the cell were arrested, however, those still at liberty carried out other grenade attacks, in an attempt to show the innocence of those arrested.<mask>'s article is regularly cited by anti-Zionists, including Jewish anti-Zionists, who claim that Zionism has a negative effect for Jews. <mask> also maintains a controversial stance regarding the Farhud, alleging that the British government bear the bulk of responsibility for the event as he claimed they instigated it to blacken the image of the Rashid Ali government. Cover Banner: "This book banned in Israel and United States"

In 2003, Dandelion Books published a second edition of Gilad's book. The book is marked with a banner that reads, "Banned in Israel and the United States". The press release accompanying the book reads, "Banned in Israel and the United States…Dandelion Books, rapidly becoming known for its 'uncensored books and unfettered fiction' has just released a revised edition of this highly controversial book. The details of a direct ban enacted by either the American or Israeli governments are not supplied by the author or publisher. In the foreword of the book, <mask> writes that he did not submit a manuscript in Israel for fear of retribution."Before," he wrote, "one can publish a book in Israel, permission had to be granted by the censors.... When I was contemplating writing and publishing this book, two of my colleagues and well known Israeli journalists (Maxim Gilan and Samuel Mour) were arrested and put in jail for exposing


texts:
 the involvement of the Israeli secret police ... in the kidnapping in Paris of Mehdi Ben Barka ..., charged with crimes against national security and ... locked up for six months. Moreover, the Israeli media were gagged and not even allowed to mention that the two journalists had been arrested. If the authorities had wished, the two men would have been kept in jail for the rest of their lives." Also in the foreword, <mask> writes that upon emigrating to the United States in 1980, he found several publishers interested in publishing his work. He says he declined to publish because all interested publishers wanted to reserve the right of editorial control over the finished manuscript and he did not want to agree to this. Twelve years after his arrival in the US, he self-published at a cost of $60,000, which he reports was almost all of the proceeds of the sale of his Israeli property.References

1929 births
2010 deaths
Mass media about the Arab–Israeli conflict
Iraqi emigrants to Israel
Jewish anti-Zionism in Iraq
Jewish anti-Zionism in Israel
Jewish anti-Zionism in the United States
Jewish socialists
American people of Iraqi-Jewish descent
Israeli emigrants to the United States
People from Hillah
Jewish Iraqi


texts:
<mask> (born April 20, 1957) is a Danish contemporary artist. In the early 1980s <mask><mask> was part of the artistic movement de unge vilde (the young wild ones red.) and in 1981, he co-founded the artist collective Værkstedet Værst with prominent working with artists such as Lars Nørgård and Christian Lemmerz. He currently works from studios in Copenhagen, Nordfalster and Como, Italy. Early life
<mask><mask> was born and grew up in a middle-class home in a small village outside of Randers, Denmark with his parents and as the second of four siblings. As a teenager <mask><mask> saw the Danish artist Poul Gernes (1925-1996) wrapping himself head to toe in toilet paper on the evening news. The contrast, discrepancy of this act to his own suburban everyday life appealed to <mask><mask> immensely.He wanted to become an artist himself. In the years 1976-79, <mask><mask> travelled to hone his craft. He spent time in Greece studying ceramics, in Carrara, Italy working with sculptures and in Paris, France exploring graphics. In 1981 he moved to Copenhagen to pursue a career in arts. Work / Career
<mask><mask> is an autodidact artist and has no formal academic training. His career took off in the early 1980s and he played a major role in the breakthrough happening on the Danish art scene at the time. <mask> finds inspiration for his artworks in the intimate situations in everyday life, in the history of art and from the artists he has encountered and worked alongside through time.His inspiration is diverse, and he gazes towards the art-deco and rococo art as well as pop- and neo-pop artists such as <mask>, Jeff Koons and Gary Hume. To this day <mask><mask> still continues an ongoing exploration of lines and

masks:
Erik August Frandsen
Erik A
. Frandsen
Erik A
. Frandsen
Erik A
. Frandsen
Erik A
. Frandsen
Erik A
. Frandsen
Erik A
. Frandsen
Frandsen
Andy Warhol
Erik A
. Frandsen


texts:
 perspectives that is central to his artistic expression. Style
The mediums and materials explored by <mask><mask> are extensive and varied. From rubber, photographs, boxes and fluorescent tube lights to mere traditional oil on canvas. Later materials and techniques include, but are not limited to, monumental venetian glass-mosaics as well as large reflective stainless-steel surfaces that have been treated with polishing tools to “paint” sensuous flowers. It is a bold choice, creating an obvious and intense clash between material and motive by letting heavy metal and the honing of a drilling machine replace canvas and brush. <mask><mask>’s oeuvre is characterized by experimentation but also by a recycling of motives and an application of these to various mediums.When applied to the different mediums the same motive resume radically different expressions, allowing for new perspectives and meaning to surface. Among the recurrent motives are the artist's family, classic still lifes and flower compositions. Though these motives are widely represented and generally easily recognizable in the arts throughout history, <mask><mask> manages to rethink and grant them new life. His flower motives are not flower motives the traditional sense, but weeds such as thistles and dandelions placed in urine bottles and kitsch vases as is seen in his pieces for the decoration of the royal home in Frederik VIIIs Palace in 2010. Selected public works / commissions
 2020 Til J. H. mosaic staircase at Rigshospitalets Nordfløj, Copenhagen
 2014 Landstingssalen at Christiansborg Palace, Copenhagen
 2010 Frederik VIII’s Palace, Amalienborg, Copenhagen
 2004 The Royal Danish Opera

Selected solo exhibitions
 2019 <mask><mask> I museets

masks:
Erik A
. Frandsen
Erik A
. Frandsen
Erik A
. Frandsen
Erik A
. Frandsen


texts:
 samling Horsens Kunstmuseum
 2017 Flower Angels Hans Alf Gallery
 2015 Pilgrimage for an Armchair Explorer Horsens Kunstmuseum and Hans Alf Gallery
 2012 Between Memory and Theft Red Brick Contemporary Art Museum
 2009 Frozen Moment Desert Faurschou Foundation Beijing
 2008 The Double Space. Retrospective exhibition of works from 1982-2008 ARoS
 2007 The Real. Unnaturalism Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek
 2004 Glansbilleder Nationalmuseet and Faurschou Foundation CPH
 2002 In the Shadow of Light Kunstmuseet Brandts
 2002 Gidsel Galerie Asbæk
 1993 Frandsen til Kirkeby ARoS

Selected group exhibitions
 2018 34 år 34 værker Horsens Kunstmuseum
 2017 Kunsten i lyset – lyset i kunsten Sophienholm
 2015 Fantasi og følelser: ekspressionistisk grafik ARoS
 2014 På kant med Kirkegaard Kunstcentret Silkeborg Bad
 2013 Flora Danica Statens Naturhistoriske Museum
 2012 Underværker – mesterværker fra danske privatsamlinger Kunsten Museum of Modern Art Aalborg
 2012 Dansk og international kunst efter 1900 Nationalmuseet
 2010 De vilde 80ere Arken Museum of Modern Art
 2005 Michael Kvium, Christian Lemmerz, Erik A. Frandsen  Galleri Brandstrup
 2005 Carnegie Art Award 2005 Henie Onstad Kunstsenter
 2005 Flower Myth.Vincent van Gogh to Jeff Koons Foundation Beyler, Switzerland
 2005 Særudstilling i Cisternerne Cisternerne og Museet for Moderne Glaskunst
 2004 Blomsten som billede Louisiana Museum of Modern Art Humlebæk

<mask><mask> exhibited his work for the first time in 1981. Selected awards / recognitions
Thorvaldsens medalje (2016)
Ridderkorset af Dannebrogsordenen (2015)
Statens Kunstfonds livsvarige hædersydelse (2014)
Eckersberg medalje (1996)
 Elected for Documenta IX in Kassel (1992) – as the

masks:
Erik A
. Frandsen


texts:
 first Danish artist in history

In 2010 <mask><mask> was chosen to decorate the royal Frederik VIII’s Palæ together with acclaimed artists like Tal R, Olafur Eliasson and Jesper Christiansen. Collections
Arken Museum of Modern Art. ARoS. Esbjerg Kunstmuseum. Fuglbjerg Kunstmuseum. HEART.Horsens Kunstmuseum. Kanstrupgårdsamlingen. Kunsten Museum of Modern Art Aalborg. Kupferstich Kabinett. Louisiana Museum of Modern Art Humlebæk. Museum van Hedendaagse Kunst. Nationalmuseet (DK).Nasjonal Museet for Kunst, Arkitektur och Design (NO). Randers Kunstmuseum. Shenzhen Art Museum. Scherings Museum of Realist Art. Storstrøm Kunstmuseum. Trapholt. Trondheim Kunstmuseum.Trondheims Kunstforenings samling. Vestsjællands Kunstmuseum. Vejle Kunstmuseum. Art Market
<mask><mask> in represented by  Galleri Brandstrup in Oslo, Copenhagen based Hans Alf Gallery and Galleri Profilen in Aarhus. His work has been exhibited at international art fairs, such as Art Brussels, Market Art Fair in Stockholm, Enter Art Fair in Copenhagen, Art Cologne and Pulse Contemporary. References

 https://erikafrandsen.dk/biography/
 https://kunstonline.dk/profil/erik_frandsen.php
 http://denstoredanske.dk/Kunst_og_kultur/Billedkunst/Billedkunst%2c_Danmark_generelt/Værkstedet_Værst

1957 births
Living people
Danish contemporary

masks:
Erik A
. Frandsen
Erik A
. Frandsen


texts:
<mask> (April 25, 1947 – March 19, 2020) was the Warren E. <mask> Professor of Constitutional Law and the Courts at New York University School of Law, where he was a faculty member since 1982. He was a specialist in criminal law, criminal procedure, and criminal justice. <mask> was born in Bronxville, New York. He and his brother Daniel (born 1952) grew up and attended public school in Mt. Vernon, New York, where his father, <mask>, had a law practice. In 1975, <mask> met Jan Sweeney, a British-born academic accountant. They married in 1977.Their first child, Thomas, was born in 1978 and their second child, Sophi, was born in 1980. They have 4 young granddaughters (Rowan and Aurora Krause and Anna and <mask>). <mask> lived in Greenwich Village and had a keen interest in classical music, opera, ballet, and modern dance. Until 2019, when he was diagnosed with ALS, he was an avid skier. <mask> died on March 19, 2020. Professional
<mask> earned his BA (1969) at Johns Hopkins University, where he majored in sociology and minored in Russian. After completing military training (U.S. Army Reserves), he spent most of 1970 in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union as a Thomas J. Watson Fellow.In the fall of 1970, <mask> began study at the University of Chicago Law School. During the summer of 1971, he served as a research assistant to the eminent criminal law professor Norval Morris. Professor Morris enjoyed a close relationship with the Illinois Director of Corrections, <mask>, and arranged for <mask> to spend his 1972 summer doing research at Stateville Penitentiary in Joliet, Illinois. <mask>’ research, focusing on how several Chicago-based super gangs operated within the prison, resulted in “Street Gangs Behind Bars,” published in the sociology journal Social Problems in 1973. This was the first scholarly article to deal with gangs in prison and launched <mask>' career. After graduating with a JD with high

masks:
James Barrett Jacobs
Burger
Personal Jacobs
Milton Jacobs
Jacobs
Alma Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
Peter Bensinger
Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs


texts: honors from the University of Chicago Law School in 1973, <mask> became a full-time PhD student in the University of Chicago's Department of Sociology. The renowned sociologist Morris Janowitz was the chair of his PhD committee, which also included Norval Morris, <mask>, and Edward Shils.Under Janowitz’s guidance, <mask>’ prison research grew into a dissertation (PhD 1975) and a book, Stateville: The Penitentiary in Mass Society, now regarded as a classic in American penology. In the fall of 1975, <mask> became an assistant professor of law and sociology at Cornell University. He received tenure in both departments in 1980, but subsequently switched his appointment full-time into the law school, where he taught criminal law. During these years, <mask> wrote Guard Unions and the Future of the Prisons (Institute of Public Employment, New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations, 1978), Individual Rights and Institutional Authority: Cases and Materials (Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1979), and began work on New Perspectives on Prisons and Imprisonment (Cornell University Press, 1983). <mask> served as a visiting professor of law at New York University School of Law for the 1981-82 academic year. He arrived at NYU the same day as John Sexton, who later became the law school’s dean and NYU’s president, and with whom <mask> has shared a close and lasting friendship. At the end of that academic year, <mask> resigned from Cornell University to become professor of law at NYU and director of the law school’s Center for Research in Crime and Justice.<mask> has been a member of the NYU Law faculty ever since, regularly teaching criminal law, criminal procedure, and such other courses as federal criminal law, juvenile justice, and specialty criminal justice area seminars on such topics as drunk driving, gun control, corruption and corruption control, prison law and policy, labor racketeering and organized crime

masks:
Jacobs
Barry Schwartz
Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs
Jacobs


texts: control, the drug war, vice crimes, sentencing, privatization of criminal justice, criminal records policy and jurisprudence, cyber crime, and asset forfeiture and money laundering. <mask> has co-taught seminars at NYU Law with David Garland, Ron Goldstock, Robert Stewart, Norval Morris, Jerome Cohen, Ronald K. Noble, Sharon Levin, Chester Mirsky, Joseph Viteritti, Anne Milgram, Judith Germano, Thomas Wiegand, John Gleeson, and Peter Kougasian. As a champion of the law school’s criminal law program, <mask> has been instrumental in recruiting to the law school some of its most distinguished faculty members, including David Garland, Stephen Schulhofer, <mask>, Erin Murphy, and Jerome Skolnick, who became co-director of the Center for the Research in Crime and Justice upon joining the NYU Law faculty in 1997. <mask> has also, over the years, undertaken research collaborations with dozens of students of the law school and fellows of the Center for Research in Crime and Justice, including co-authoring books with Frank Anechiarico, Kimberly Potter, Coleen Friel, Robert Raddick, Christopher Panarella, Jay Worthington, Kerry Cooperman, and Zoe Fuhr, as well as co-authoring scores of scholarly articles. And he has maintained strong ties with criminologists and other scholars from around the world, including Cyrille Fijnaut (Netherlands), Elena Larrauri (Spain), Xiuimei Wang (China), Dirk van Zyl Smit (South Africa and UK), and Henner Hess (Germany). With the support and encouragement of NYU alumnus, Alan Fortunoff, Jacobs launched the law school’s monthly Fortunoff Criminal Justice Colloquium in 1983. Fifteen years later, when Fortunoff died, the distinguished criminal defense lawyer, Jack Hoffinger, became the colloquium's benefactor.The multidisciplinary Criminal Justice Colloquium meets each month during the academic year. It features a public lecture by a leading criminal justice or criminology scholar,

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Jacobs
Jacobs
Rachel Barkow
Jacobs


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 followed by questions and discussion. The Hoffinger Colloquium serves as a magnet for criminal justice professors, researchers, policymakers, and practitioners from the metropolitan area and beyond. With Ron Goldstock’s support, <mask> also established the law school’s weekly criminal law faculty seminar, which has furthered community-building among NYU Law’s diverse full-time and adjunct criminal law faculty, criminal law fellows, and visiting researchers. In 1995, <mask> served as Fulbright teaching fellow at the University of Cape Town South Africa. In 1988, <mask> was visiting professor of law at Columbia University. In 1998, then dean (and later NYU president) John Sexton awarded <mask> the Warren E. <mask> Chair of Constitutional Law and the Courts.Since 2000, <mask> has been a fellow of the American Society of Criminology. He served for many years as chair of the advisory board of NYU Press. For many years, he also served on the advisory board of the NYC Criminal Justice Agency. In 2010, Attorney General Holder appointed <mask> to the National Institute of Corrections’ advisory board; Holder renewed the appointment in 2011. In 2012, the International Association for the Study of Organized Crime awarded <mask> its lifetime achievement award. In 2012, the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation named <mask> a 2012–2013 fellow. On October 3, 2019, his colleagues honored him with a gala tribute celebrating his scholarship and his community-building at the law school.Speakers included U.S. and foreign scholars. Publications
<mask> is the author, or co-author, of seventeen books. In 1989, he published Drunk Driving: An American Dilemma, a wide-ranging jurisprudential and policy analysis of drunk driving as a social phenomenon, criminal offense and target of socio-legal control. He also took up a multi-year consulting position with the New York State Organized Crime Task Force (OCTF), whose

masks: Jacobs Jacobs Jacobs Jacobs Burger Jacobs Jacobs Jacobs Jacobs Jacobs


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 director was Ronald Goldstock. <mask> worked with the OCTF on a study and investigation of Cosa Nostra penetration of the NYC construction industry. The study was published in 1990 as Corruption and Racketeering In The New York City Construction Industry: The Final Report of the New York State Organized Crime Task Force. It was the first of five books that <mask> was to write over the next twenty years on various aspects of the government's legal attack on the Cosa Nostra.<mask>’ collaboration with OCTF also brought him in touch with Hamilton College’s public administration scholar, Frank Anechiarico, with whom <mask> published a pathbreaking book on corruption and corruption control, The Pursuit of Absolute Integrity: How Corruption Control Makes Government Ineffective (University of Chicago Press, 1996). <mask> has also written books on political corruption, hate crime, gun control, and criminal records. Research for The Eternal Criminal Record was supported by a 2012–13 Guggenheim Fellowship. He has also written well over one hundred articles on diverse criminal law and criminology topics, most recently on the jurisprudential and policy issues related to gun control. Many of his articles, and several books, have been collaborations with students associated with the Center for Research in Crime and Justice. His most recent book, The Toughest Gun Control Law in the Nation, was co-authored with Zoe Fuhr, a recent NYU Law LLM graduate. Published works
 The Toughest Gun Control Law in the Nation: The Unfulfilled Promise of New York's SAFE Act (New York University Press, 2019) (with Zoe Fuhr)
 The Eternal Criminal Record (Harvard University Press, 2015)
 Breaking the Devil’s Pact: The Battle to Free the Teamsters from the Mob (New York University Press, 2011) (with Kerry Cooperman)
 Mobsters, Unions, and Feds: The Mafia and the American Labor Movement (New York University Press, 2006)
 Can Gun

masks: Jacobs Jacobs Jacobs Jacobs Jacobs