texts:
 duplicated the feat.) <mask> lost his final to Martin Kližan, 3–6, 1–6. On the professional tour

2004, 2005
While still a junior, <mask> competed in Canada F1 and F2 Futures tournaments in 2004, losing handily in the first round of each. In 2005, he won he first tour match 6–2, 6–4, over compatriot Rob Steckley, in the Granby Challenger. He lost convincingly in the first round of the Vancouver Challenger and Canada Masters tournaments during the same summer before reaching the semi-finals of Canada F1 in Toronto in October. 2006
In 2006, <mask> competed in Canada's tie versus Mexico, losing a singles dead rubber in straight sets to Bruno Echagaray. He followed this up with a semi-finals result at U.S.A. F9 in Vero Beach.In July he won his first Davis Cup match, in a live rubber over Jhonnatan Medina-Álvarez of Venezuela, as Canada prevailed to remain in the America Group 1 pool. Competing in a total of 7 Futures and 3 Challenger events for the year, Bester reached a high rank of World No. 670, in November. 2007
<mask> began the year going 1 win and 1 loss at both Panama F1 and Costa Rica F1. He lost in the first round of his next two Futures events before again going 1 and 1 at this next two, Canada F2 and F3. Bester next reached the semi-finals of U.S.A. F7, and the quarter-finals of U.S.A. F8. He reached a new career high ranking in singles in May 2007 at World No.589. <mask>

masks: Bester Bester Bester Bester Bester


type: original

texts:
 went 1 and 1 in each of his next two events, but again failed at the challenger and ATP level, losing in the first round as a wildcard at Granby, Vancouver, and the Rogers Cup. He went 5 and 4 in his next four Futures events, including a semi-finals result at U.S.A. F24. He again, however, failed to win in a Challenger, losing in the first round in Rimouski and Louisville. He finished the year going 2 and 2 in two Futures events in Mexico. 2008
<mask> began the year going 1 win and 1 loss at both New Zealand F1 and F2, in February–March. He then lost in the first round of his next six events, Canada F2, U.S.A. F9, F10, F12, F13, and the Granby Challenger.He finally reached the second round of a challenger event, Moncton, defeating Satoshi Iwabuchi before falling to Nicholas Monroe. He lost in the first round at the next three Challengers that he contested before reaching the second round at U.S.A. F26 and the semi-finals of U.S.A. F27. <mask> finished the year losing in the first round of the Rimouski Challenger. For 2008, in singles, he went 1 and 7 in Challenger events and 6 and 9 in Futures. 2009
For 2009, as of May 17, Bester had 12 wins and 8 losses in singles after eight tournaments - Mexico F1, F2, U.S.A. F4, Canada F1 and F2, and U.S.A. F7, F8, F9, F10, and F11. His best result was winning U.S.A. F11 at Harbour Island, Florida without dropping a set, where he beat

masks: Bester Bester


texts: unseeded Barbadian Haydn Lewis in the final, 6–2, 7–6. This result, securing him 17 ATP points, saw his ranking soar by exactly 100 places.In doubles, Bester and compatriot Vasek Pospisil reached the quarter-finals of U.S.A. F5. The following week he and another Canadian, Kamil Pajkowski, also reached the quarters, this time of Canada F1. The week after, Bester again reached the quarter-finals, of Canada F2, partnering Portuguese player Gastão Elias. His contract with coach Ellis Ferreira expired in March. In early April, Bester and partner, compatriot Milos Raonic, won U.S.A. F7, defeating Lester Cook and Treat Conrad Huey in the final. After losing in the final qualifying round at both U.S.A. F12 and F13 in singles, Bester reached the quarter-finals of U.S.A. F14, picking up 3 ATP ranking points in the process. This result helped him jump a further 22 places in the singles rankings, to World No.611. The following week his doubles ranking took a dive from World No. 393 to No. 687. In doubles, <mask> partnered American Greg Ouellette for U.S.A. F10, F12, F13, and F14, with the tandem reaching the finals of the first these tourneys, the semi-finals of the next, followed by ad quarter-finals appearance, and then a second finals. <mask>, in mid-July, has lost in the second round of singles qualifying for the Fifth Third Bank Tennis Championships, as the No. 5 seed, to unheralded


texts: William Ward of New Zealand, 5–7, 4–6.The following week, he lost in the qualifying round of the Granby Challenger as the No. 8 seed, 7–6, 2–6, 6–7 to No. 2 seed Tobias Kamke. In doubles, he and partner Kamil Pajkowski lost in the first round as wild card entrants. As a wild card entrant, <mask> reached the quarter-finals of his hometown Odlum Brown Vancouver Open. He beat qualifier Kaes Van't Hof in the first round, 6–4, 4–6, 6–2, and No 5 seed Ryan Sweeting 1–6, 6–3, 6–4 in the second. In the quarters, <mask> led for much of the third set, on serve, before succumbing to No.3 seed Marcos Baghdatis 3–6, 7–5, 5–7. His results in Vancouver has seen his ranking rise to a new career high, World No. 544. In doubles he and partner Pajkowski lost in the opening round of qualifying. <mask> did not receive a wild card for the  2009 Rogers Cup in Montreal. The week before the U.S. Open, <mask> reached the qualifying round of the 2009 Pilot Pen Tennis tournament, an ATP 250 series event, defeating No. 4 seed Victor Crivoi 6–2, 6–1, and Ivan Dodig before falling to Frederik Nielsen 4–6, 6–7(4).The week after the Open, <mask> reached the second round of the USTA Challenger of Oklahoma, defeating in-form compatriot Milos Raonic 7–6(11), 5–7, 7–6(2) before falling to No. 6 seed Ryan Sweeting 3–6, 3–6. In doubles he and compatriot Kamil Pajkowski lost in the first round. <mask> lost in the

masks: Bester Bester Bester Bester Bester Bester


texts:
 quarter-finals of U.S.A. F23, having defeated No. 8 seed Nikita Kryvonos in the second round in straight sets before falling to former World No. 14 Jan-Michael Gambill 3–6, 6–7(5). This result helped him reach yet another new career high singles ranking of World No.503. <mask> lost in the first round of qualifying at the Natomas Men's Professional Tennis Tournament, to Tigran Martirosyan 7–6, 3–6, 5–7. The following week he lost in the second round of qualifying for the inaugural Royal Bank of Scotland Challenger, played in Tiburon, California, to No. 7 seed Artem Sitak 2–6, 3–6. He reached a new career high singles ranking on October 19, World No. 495. Four weeks ago <mask> upset No.2 seed Michael McClune in straight sets and young French talent Jonathan Eysseric 6–2, 6–2 before succumbing to No. 7 seed and eventual champion Arnau Bruges-Davi in the quarter-finals of U.S.A. F26. In doubles he and Eysseric, unseeded, won the tournament. Bester did not compete in any more tournaments for the year. He finished 2009 ranked World No. 510 in singles and No. 572 in doubles.2010
<mask> launched his 2010 campaign at Canada F1 ITF event in Gatineau where, as the number 5 seed, he easily defeated Canadian veteran and qualifier Jean-François Berard 6–2, 6–2 before falling to another qualifier, American Robbye Poole, 6–7, 3–6. In doubles, he and partner Kamil Pajkowski, unseeded, lost in

masks: Bester Bester Bester


texts: the second round. <mask> did not compete in Canada F2 the following week. In March Bester reached the second round of Canada F3 (in Sherbrooke) in singles as well as in doubles, again partnering Pajkowski. The following week he lost in the first round both in singles and doubles (again partnering Pajkowski) at the Challenger Banque Nationale in Rimouski. The week after <mask> lost in the second round of the U.S.A. F9 tournament in Little Rock, to No. 1 seed Lester Cook.In doubles,  he and partner Phillip Simmonds, the No. 4 seeds, lost in the quarter-finals. In April Bester qualified for the main singles draw of the 2010 Baton Rouge Pro Tennis Classic, where he lost in the first round to Joshua Goodall 6–2, 4–6, 5–7. Two weeks later he lost in the first round of U.S.A. F10 (Vero Beach). The following week, the first of May, Bester reached the semi-finals of U.S.A. F11 (Orange Park, Florida). The points won there allowed him to reach a new career-high ranking of World No. 492.The next week <mask> competed just in doubles at the 2010 Sarasota Open. He and partner Michael Venus lost in the opening round as a wild card entrant. The following week <mask> failed to qualify for the 2010 LA Tennis Open USTA Men's Challenger, losing in the first round as the No. 8 seed to eventual qualifier Eric Nunez. In May–June <mask> put together a nice little winning streak. At the 2010 Weil Tennis


texts: Academy Challenger, he won all three of his qualifying matches in three sets, twice coming back from a set down. In the main draw <mask> opened by knocking off No.6 Robert Kendrick, who was runner-up at the LA Tennis Open the week before, 2–6, 6–3, 7–6(2). He next lost soundly, however, to Tim Smyczek, 3–6, 1–6. Bester did not play doubles. After a couple of weeks off, <mask> then continued his good play in reaching the final of France F9, as the tournament's No. 8 seed. He fell to No. 5 seed Augustin Gensse 1–6, 4–6.And Bester and up-and-coming French player Jonathan Eysseric won the doubles event. The resulting rankings points earned saw <mask> reach a new career high in singles, as he became World No. 470. The following week at France F10, again as the No. 8 seed, reached the quarter-finals in singles while repeating as doubles champions playing with Eysseric, this time the No. 1 seeds. The week after in singles <mask> fell however in the first round of France F11.Unseeded, he lost to No. 7 seed Romain Jouan in straight sets, a player he defeated in straight sets in fact, two weeks earlier. Again playing doubles with Eysseric, the pair, the No. 2 seeds this time, failed to win a third straight title in losing their first match. His singles ranking rose to another new career best, World No. 456. The following week <mask> won his second career ITF title, France F12, as the No.7


texts: seed. En route he beat No. 3 seed and World No. 286 Laurent Rochette 7–6, 2–6, 6–2 in the quarters, unseeded, former junior U.S. Open doubles champion, Jérôme Inzerillo, 2–6, 7–5, 6–4 in semis, and No. 4 seed Augustin Gensse in the final, 6–2, 2–6, 6–2. In doubles, <mask> and Rochette lost the finals, as the No. 2 seeded pair, to the top seeds, Jouan and Inzerillo.The very next week <mask> was home to compete in a Tennis British Columbia event, the Stanley Park Open, and won it, defeating BC Tennis No. 3 ranked Henry Choi in the final, 6–4, 6–4. <mask> was right back in action the next week at the 2010 Challenger Banque Nationale de Granby. The new World No. 380, a wild-card entrant, lost to compatriot and eventual finalist Milos Raonic in the first round, 4–6, 5–7. He did not play doubles. The following week too <mask> had a wild card in a Challenger, his hometown Odlum Brown Vancouver Open.He again lost in the first round, however, to Nick Lindahl, 6–4, 6–7(5), 4–6. In doubles, he and partner Kamil Pajkowski lost in the final qualifying round. The following week <mask> defeated No. 6 seed Florent Serra in straight sets in the first round of qualifying for the 2010 Rogers Cup. He lost in the qualifying round to Michael Russell however, 2–6, 2–6, and he did not play doubles. After a week off, <mask> qualified for the 2010 Pilot Pen Tennis in singles, having defeated, in order,

masks: Philip Bester Bester Bester Bester Bester


texts: No. 6 seed Björn Phau in two tie-breakers, Sergei Bubka 7–5 in the third, and Andrew Anderson in three sets to do so.It is the first time that <mask> has qualified in singles for an ATP Tour event. After a first round bye - he received the spot in the draw reserved for No. 4 seed Mardy Fish who withdrew - <mask> lost to Illya Marchenko 3–6, 3–6. After a week off, Bester began a stint in Europe by reaching the semi-finals in singles at ITF Spain F32, in Oviedo on hard courts, as the No. 1 seed. In doubles, he and frequent partner Kamil Pajkowski reached the finals unseeded. The following week <mask>, as the No.2 seed at Spain F33 in Móstoles, reached the final round, where he lost to No. 1 seed Roberto Bautista-Agut, 7–6(4), 4–6, 2–6. This result has seen ranking rise to a new career-high World No. 341. In doubles, he and Pajkowski, again unseeded, captured the title. The week after <mask>, as the No. 5 seed at France F15 in Plaisir, reached the semi-finals.In doubles, he and Pajkowski lost in the second round. Then the following week <mask> was right back in action as the No. 3 seed in singles at Canada F5 in Markham, Ontario. He lost in the quarter-finals to No. 5 seed Nicholas Monroe 4–6, 2–6. He and Pajkowski, the No. 4 seeds in doubles, lost in the first round.The following week, when the Canada F5 results were included in the rankings, Bester found himself yet again at a

masks: Bester Philip Bester Bester Bester


texts: new career-best World No. 333. After two weeks off from tour action, Bester again lost in Monroe in singles, this time in the qualifying round of the 2010 Calabasas Pro Tennis Championships and in three sets. In doubles he and partner Ashwin Kumar reached the second round. This result saw his doubles ranking reach a new career-high, at World No. 368. During the last week of October at U.S.A. F28, in Birmingham, Alabama (on clay), Bester, as the No.2 seed, defeated No. 1 seed James Lemke 0–6, 6–2, 6–0 to capture the singles finals. In doubles he and Pajkowski, the No. 2 seeds, took the title. After a week off from tour events Bester tour event Bester, as the No. 2 seed in singles at U.S.A. F30 in Pensacola, Florida, lost in the second round, to eventual finalist Phillip Simmonds , 4–6, 3–6. In doubles he and partner Pajkowski, the No.1 seeds, also lost in the second round (semi-finals), again to Simmonds, and his partner Mark Oljaca. The following week <mask> was the top seed at U.S.A. F31, again in Florida (Amelia Island) and on clay. He defeated World No. 765 Devin Britton in straight sets, the player he lost to last week, Phillip Simmonds, 6–3, 6–3, Bulgarian Davis Cupper Dimitar Kutrovsky, 4–6, 6–2, 6–2, Haitian Davis Cupper Olivier Sajous 6–2, 7–5, and Hungarian Davis Cupper Ádám Kellner in the final Sunday, 7–6(2), 6–4 to capture his third Futures title of the year. He and


texts:
 Pajkowski, the No. 1 seeds in doubles, lost in the semi-finals. This result saw he achieve yet another career high singles ranking, World No.275. <mask> finished 2010 ranked World No. 278 in singles and No. 369 in doubles. 2011
<mask> began the year by reaching the second round of singles qualifying for the 2011 Heineken Open. After defeating World No. 272 Charles-Antoine Brezac  in a third-set tie-break, he lost to World No.87 Brian Dabul, 4–6, 6–7(1). The following week <mask> for the first time in his career competed in qualifying for a grand slam event. He lost, however, in the first round of singles qualifying for the 2011 Australian Open to World No. 210 Nicolás Massú, 4–6, 4–6. The following week <mask> reached the second round of the 2011 Honolulu Challenger, defeating No. 5 seed Grega Žemlja 7–5, 6–1 before losing to Alex Kuznetsov 6–4, 4–6, 4–6. In doubles, he and partner Kamil Pajkowski reached the semi-finals.A week later, <mask> won his second career Challenger title in doubles, partnering Peter Polansky to victory at the 2011 McDonald's Burnie International. The tandem only gained entry into the tournament as last-day alternates. In singles, <mask> upset No. 1 seed Marinko Matosevic in the first round but lost to World No. 207, and eventual champion, Flavio Cipolla in the second round  3–6, 4–6. His ranking improved to World No. 268 in singles and No.242 in


texts: doubles, both new career highs. Continuing play on the Australian Pro Tour, <mask> came back from a set down to defeat British No. 2 and World No. 209 James Ward in the first round of the 2011 Caloundra International. He next lost however a rematch of two weeks earlier against Grega Žemlja, 6–7, 6–7. Žemlja went on to win the tournament. In doubles, <mask> and Polansky lost in the first round.In late February – early March, <mask> began a three-week stint in the Quebec by reaching the semi-finals of Canada F1 on indoor hardcourts in Montreal, as the No. 2 seed. A week later he reached the same round at Canada F2 in Sherbrooke – in both tournaments he lost to Frenchman Charles-Antoine Brézac. In doubles, despite being seeded in both events, <mask> and regular partner Pajkowski lost in the first round. In week three, the Rimouski Challenger, as the seven seed, Bester reached the second round in singles, defeating New Zealand No. 2 Artem Sitak in straight sets before falling to American Greg Ouellette 7–6(4), 6–7(8), 4–6. In doubles <mask> and Pajkowski fared better, reaching the second round, where they lost to the No.2 seeds, Frederik Nielsen and Travis Parrott. April and early May saw Bester in the Southern states, on clay for all but one tournament. In Houston, at the ATP 250 2011 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships, unseeded, he lost in the second round of qualifying to Tim


texts: Smyczek, despite winning the first set. The following week in Tallahassee, on hard courts, unseeded, Bester took out James Ward before succumbing easily to an in-form Wayne Odesnik 2–6, 1–6. In doubles, he and partner Frank Dancevic eliminated Carsten Ball and Chris Guccione, the top seeds, before losing in round two. Two weeks later at the 2011 Sarasota Open, Bester qualified for the main draw as the No. 1 seed where he reached the second round, losing there to No.7 seed Eric Prodon. In doubles, he and Pajkowski lost in the first round. A week later in Savannah, <mask> retired from his first round match versus Guccione with an injured hand. He and Pajkowski also withdrew from their second round doubles match due to the injury. After a month off tour play, <mask> returned to action by taking a wild card for U.S.A. F13 Futures event, held in Sacramento, and reached the quarter-finals as the top seed. In doubles, he and partner Pajkowski, the top seeds, were soundly beat however in the opening round. The pair reached the second round the following week.In singles however, <mask> showed he is on his way to having recovered from injury in capturing his first title of 2011, U.S.A. F14, in Chico, California. He needed to come back from a set down in both his quarter-final and semi-final matches against opponents ranked 1187 and 769 respectively. He played a sound final however,


texts:
 defeating World No. 537 Blake Strode, 6–4, 6–2. Bester continued his climb up the singles rankings by reaching the second round of the 2011 Nielsen Pro Tennis Championships, the fifth time he has done so in six Challenger events played this year. His singles ranking reached a career best World No. 229.Missing singles No. 1 Milos Raonic and No. 2 Frank Dancevic, seeing his first Davis Cup action since 2006, Bester capped off a love-two match deficit to see Canada advance to the World Group play-off round. It was his last match action of the year however, due to a fracture of his left hand. ATP Challenger Tour and ITF Futures finals

Singles: 19 (9 titles, 10 runners-up)

ATP Challenger Tour and ITF Futures doubles titles (20)

Junior Grand Slam finals

Boys' singles: 1 (1 runner–up)

References

Sources
 ATP.com Bester 'Playing Activity' page for tour career in singles
 ATP.com Bester 'Playing Activity' page for tour career in doubles

External links

1988 births
Living people
Canadian expatriates in Germany
Canadian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Canadian male tennis players
Canadian people of Polish descent
Naturalized citizens of Canada
People from North Vancouver
People from Sonthofen
Racket sportspeople from British Columbia
Tennis players at the 2015 Pan American Games
Pan American Games silver medalists for Canada
Pan American Games medalists in


texts:
<mask>, known professionally as <mask>, was born in Brooklyn, New York, to parents from Orocovis, Puerto Rico (father) and Rio Grande (mother). His mother Olga was a working woman, his father, <mask>, an electrician. <mask>'s parents named him after his father. <mask> grew up in Lindenhurst, Long Island, and is the youngest of two. <mask> began playing the trombone at the age of 9 at the E.W. Bower Elementary School, excelling at his craft and receiving many accolades, one of them being 'The Louis Armstrong Award', then became a member of the "All State Band" and soon after was chosen to become part of the McDonald's Tri-State Jazz Ensemble. He then went to study at the Berklee College Of Music.Career
He has been a highly regarded session player since the mid-1980s. <mask> began touring internationally with Emmanuel and Willie Colon through the 1980s. He still tours with Willie Colon. <mask> has performed all over the world as a vocalist, trombonist, composer and music director as well as playing on Broadway shows, movie sound tracks, commercials, and TV shows. All of his work has put him on the top of the “must work with list that has garnered him studio time with some of the biggest hit makers of today. He has worked on Gold and platinum records that belong to Mariah Carey, Jessica Simpson, Jennifer Lopez, Billy Joel and Marc Anthony. On top of

masks:
Osvaldo Melendez Jr
Ozzie Melendez
Osvaldo Melendez
Melendez
Ozzie
Melendez
Ozzie
Melendez


texts:
 working on top-selling albums, he has toured with Celia Cruz, Willie Colon, Diana Ross and Marc Anthony.Most recent activities
Melendez has toured with Marc Anthony since 2002 and Willie Colon since 1990, while filling in dates with Blood Sweat & Tears and Diana Ross since 2017, he also found time to release his own musical adventures. His album released in May 2017. He states that the style of music in this album should be considered an alchemy of music and its recipe was his life's work of musical experiences. The title is The Fusion & The Alchemy Of Music. Album credits
 Lead vocals: <mask> Melendez
 Written by Aurora Weston
 Executive Producers: Aurora Weston & <mask> Melendez
Produced and mixed by @coastcityvibes Coast City Vibes
Lyric Video by @solerpower007 Adriana Soler
Drums/Percussion @jessie.caraballo Jessie Caraballo
Guitar @guinimusic Mario Guini
Bk Vocals @jeanmusica  Jean Rodriguez
Trumpets Vinnie Cinquemani
Trombone @Ozbone Ozzie Melendez
Mastered by Chris Gehringer Sterling Sound NYC

Album credits
2019  Opus  -Marc Anthony  - Trombone
2019  Lilyhammer the Score, Vol. 2: Folk, Rock, Rio, Bits and Pieces [Original TV Soundtrack] Little Steven / Little Steven & the Interstellar Jazz Renegades - Trombone
2018  NYC Disco - Little Louis Vega - Soloist, Trombone
2017  The Way I Hear It | Michael Cavanaugh | Horn
2016  Groovin' | Peter White

masks: Ozzie Ozzie


texts:
 | Trombone
2016  Louie Vega Starring...XXVIII | "Little" Louie Vega | Trombone
2015  Los Duo, Vol. 2 | Juan Gabriel | Coros, Trombone
2013  3.0 | Marc Anthony | Trombone
2013  Eclipse | Elements of Life | Horn Arrangements, Soloist, Trombone
2013  The Complete Album Collection | Paul Simon | Trombone
2012  Love This Giant | David Byrne / St. Vincent | Trombone
2011  Mad Styles & Crazy Visions 2 | "Little" Louie Vega | Trombone
2011  Original | José Alberto "El Canario" | Trombone
2010  Asalto: Reloaded | Eddy-K | Trombone
2010  Historias de Amor | Angel Lopez | Trombone
2009  718 Sessions | Danny Krivit | Trombone
2009  Ananésworld | Anané | Horn Arrangements, Trombone
2009  Down the Wire | Spyro Gyra | Trombone
2009  The Last | Aventura | Trombone
2009  The Real Thing | Vanessa Williams | Trombone, Contractor
2008    Everybody Get Down | [http://www.funkfilharmonik.com Funk Filharmonik | Writer, Arranger, Producer, Engineer, Trombone, BK Vocals
2008  Asalto Navideño: En Vivo Puerto Rico 1993 | Willie Colón | Trombone
2008  El Malo, Vol.2: Prisioneros del Mambo | Willie Colón | Producer, Musical Director, Arranger, Bass, Coro, Drums, Strings, Synthesizer, Trombone
2008  Gravity at Last | Ayọ | Trombone
2007  All That I Am | Sandy Zio | Trombone
2007  Blame It on the City | Eren Cannata | Trombone, Horn Arrangements
2007  Decades, Vol. 1: Love Songs of


texts:
 the 70's | Donny Osmond | Main Personnel, Trombone
2007  El Cantante | Marc Anthony | Trombone
2007  Juega Billar | 8 y Mas | Trombone
2007  Lust: A Personal Collection by Louie Vega | "Little" Louie Vega | Guitar, Soloist
2007  Percussion Maddness Revisited | Luisito Quintero | Trombone, Soloist
2007  Ten Songs About Love | Eran James | Trombone
2006  A Public Affair | Jessica Simpson | Trombone
2006  Hey Man, Merry Christmas | John Signorello | Trombone
2006  Ketukuba | Africando | Trombone
2006  La Nueva Combinacion | Transito | Trombone
2006  Percussion Madness | Luisito Quintero | Main Personnel, Trombone
2006  Playin' Favorites | Peter White | Trombone
2006  Sigo Siendo Yo: Grandes Exitos | Marc Anthony | Trombone
2006  Soy   | India | Trombone
2006  The Underdog/El Subestimado | Tego Calderón | Trombone
2005  Atrevete  Olvidarme | Brenda K. Starr | Trombone
2005  Connected: Mixed by Jay-J  | Horn
2005  Defected in the House: Eivissa 05 | Simon Dunmore | Horn
2005  Defected in the House: International Edition,


texts:
<mask> (born June 19, 1936) has been a general authority of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) since 1992, originally as a member of the Second Quorum of the Seventy. He is currently an emeritus general authority. From 2003 to 2007, <mask> was a member of the church's Presidency of the Seventy. He was president of Brigham Young University (BYU) from January 1, 1996, until May 1, 2003, and was the church's twelfth presiding bishop in 1994 and 1995. In 2003 and 2004, <mask> was the general president of the church's Sunday School organization. From 2007 to 2010, <mask> was president of the Provo Utah Temple. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Lehi, Utah.As he was starting the third grade his family moved to American Fork. He served as a missionary in England in the mid-1950s. After returning from his mission, he married Marilyn Scholes in 1959 and joined the ROTC. In 1960, <mask> completed a bachelor's degree in economics at the University of Utah. <mask> received a Danforth Fellowship and a Woodrow Wilson Fellowship, which enabled him to study at Massachusetts Institute of Technology for his doctorate. <mask>'s experience in researching Ghana's trade position led to him lecturing in economics at the University of Ghana in 1963, and while living there, he studied the cocoa industry. Under supervision of Franklin M. Fisher, <mask> graduated in 1965.His thesis was on the subject of international cocoa trade in Ghana. Academic background
<mask> was associate professor of economics at the United States Air Force Academy, 1964–67; professor of economics at BYU and director of Center for Business and Economic Research, 1967–71; and dean of the BYU business school, now the Marriott School of Business, 1975–79. While he was dean, he instituted the BYU Management Society in 1977. President of BYU
<mask> was inaugurated as president of BYU on April 25, 1996. That September, an anonymous professor publicly accused <mask> (in Sunstone) of plagiarizing ideas in his inauguration speech from an article by Gertrude Himmelfarb. <mask>

masks:
Merrill Joseph Bateman
Bateman
Bateman
Bateman
Bateman
Bateman
Bateman
Bateman
Bateman
Bateman
Bateman
Bateman
Bateman


texts:
 acknowledged that since the citation came after a direct quote, it was ambiguous, and promised to make future citations more clear. <mask> organized BYU's objectives into five main objectives that centered on the university's official aims and mission statement.He encouraged students to come to weekly Tuesday devotionals in Sunday dress to make the Marriott Center "a temple." During <mask>'s administration at BYU, the university changed in a number of ways. The school's endowment was significantly increased through the Lighting the Way Campaign that Rex E. Lee started. The Mentored Learning program, involving undergraduates more directly in research, was also initiated. About a third of the faculty were replaced due to natural turnover. The enrollment cap was raised from 27,000 to 29,000, and an open enrollment summer program was started. The Bachelors of General Studies, a degree one can earn entirely from continuing education courses, was formed.Sports during <mask>'s time as president also underwent changes. BYU's colors and logos changed, as did the athletic director and men's basketball coach. The university started building a new baseball/softball facility and established a student athlete center. BYU left the Western Athletic Conference and joined the Mountain West Conference. <mask> focused on Sears Cup rankings of sports programs, which improved during his presidency, with eight sports in the top ten in 1999. In 2002, the Marriott School began giving the <mask> J. Bateman award to BYU students who serve and lead in their communities. Work and family
<mask> was an executive with Mars, Incorporated in England and the United States from 1971 to 1975, and for a brief time in 1979 before heading his own consulting and capital management companies in Orem, Utah.<mask>'s consulting involved analyzing patterns in raw food costs, foreign currency rates, and other factors for companies like Kraft Foods and General Foods. <mask> and his wife, Marilyn, are the parents of seven children. LDS Church service
In the early 1980s, <mask> served as president of the

masks: Bateman Bateman Bateman Bateman Merrill Bateman Bateman Bateman Bateman


texts:
 Provo Utah Sharon East Stake. Due to his work in the cocoa business, <mask> made many trips in west Africa, including Ghana. In 1977, <mask>. Faust, a general authority then serving as president of the church's International Mission, asked <mask> to contact church members and people who had asked for church material on his next visit to Ghana. <mask> did this in early 1978. Later in 1978, shortly after the church changed the policy allowing blacks to receive the priesthood, <mask> was sent on a special assignment to Africa by the First Presidency, along with Edwin Q. Cannon, a counselor in the International Mission, to lay the groundwork for the opening of missionary work there.They visited people who desired to join the church in both Ghana and Nigeria, including <mask>. As a general authority, <mask> served as president of the church's Japan Area for nine months in 1993 and 1994. In April 1994 he was called as the church's Presiding Bishop, where he served until being appointed as president of BYU at the end of 1995. After his time as BYU president, <mask> became a member of the Presidency of the Seventy. While in this capacity, he went on a tour of Africa in November 2005 with Richard G. Scott. Among other countries on the tour, they visited Ghana and Tanzania. References

External links
<mask> J. <mask> Latter-day Saint official profile

1936 births
20th-century Mormon missionaries
American Mormon missionaries in the United States
American Mormon missionaries in Ghana
Mormon missionaries in Nigeria
Brigham Young University faculty
General Presidents of the Sunday School (LDS Church)
Living people
People from Lehi, Utah
Presidents of Brigham Young University
Presidents of the Seventy (LDS Church)
Presiding Bishops (LDS Church)
Temple presidents and matrons (LDS Church)
Members of the First Quorum of the Seventy (LDS Church)
Members of the Second Quorum of the Seventy (LDS Church)
American general authorities (LDS Church)
Latter Day Saints from Utah
Harold B. Lee Library-related University Archives articles
Business school deans
American university and

masks:
Bateman
James E
Bateman
Bateman
Bateman
Billy Johnson
Bateman
Bateman
Merrill
Bateman


texts:
<mask> (27 November 1873 – 14 August 1966) was a British stage actress and singer, panto principal boy and postcard beauty of Edwardian musical comedy who had a successful career in the West End in London, Europe and on Broadway from 1890 to 1921 and who made a number of early film appearances in Germany for director Max Mack. Early career

<mask> was born as Margaret O'Donnell in London in 1873 to Irish parents Catherine (née Buckley) and James Patrick O'Donnell, an assurance agent. In interviews she claimed that she had run away from home to go on the stage travelling from London to the United States in about 1890 where she was a chorus girl at Koster and Bial's Music Hall in New York. After only three weeks she was promoted to the title role in the burlesque Belle Helene. Her next role was with the Solomon Opera Company followed by appearances as Chollie Keal in The Passing Show (1894). In May 1896 she opened in the musical revue In Gay New York at the Casino Theatre in New York. It was written by C. M. S. McLellan, who would later become her brother-in-law.An early and successful role was as the principal boy Jack Hubbard in Klaw and Erlanger's "extravaganza in three acts and six scenes" Jack and the Beanstalk which ran for 64 performances at the Casino Theatre in New York in 1896 and in 1898 at the Boston Museum in Boston and the Lafayette Square Opera House in Washington, D.C. Her performance as Jack in 1896 was described as belonging:

...to the class of womanly women. She was as femininely alluring amid the bald disclosures of unblushing fleshings as amid the tantalizing exasperations of swishing draperies. Her beauty was exuberant, voluptuous, pulse-stirring, a laughing, happy face, crowned and encircled with tangled masses of dark brown hair, which made her head almost

masks:
Madge Lessing
Lessing


texts:
 too large, to be sure, though size counted for little amid the ravishments of sparkling eyes and kissable dimples that danced in and out on either cheek. Miss <mask> walked through this part of Jack - walking through was all that was demanded of her - with a pretty unaffectedness that met all requirements, and she sang with a voice of considerable sweetness, but of no great power. Still, she has in a mild, inoffensive way some small ability as an actress. In 1899 she played in A Dangerous Maid for 64 performances at the Casino Theatre in New York, while in Boston at Christmas 1899 she appeared as 'Little Boy Blue' in 12 performances of the children's pantomime Little Red Riding Hood which in early January 1900 moved on to the Casino Theatre in New York, the home of the Broadway adult musical, where the production was transformed with additional female actresses added to the cast in scanty costumes and more risqué songs to cater for an adult audience.Next Lessing succeeded Mabelle Gilman as 'Priscilla' in the vaudeville The Rounders (1900) at the Columbia Theatre in Boston. Of her performance in The Rounders a critic wrote:
It is a thankless task, that of successorship which results inevitably in direct comparisons, but Miss Lessing met the test surprisingly well. Without Miss Gilman's strength of personality and less apparent art, Miss Lessing indicated with unmistakable correctness the sentimental atmosphere of prudish modesty, which represents Priscilla as a dramatic character. With memories of Jack and the Beanstalk - they seem inevitable where Miss Lessing is concerned; one was a little bewildered at Priscilla's embarrassment in her ballet costume during the scene in Thea's dressing-room. This bewilderment was due to <mask>'s inability to impersonate. She is always <mask>

masks:
Lessing
Miss Lessing
Madge


texts:
 Lessing acting, never <mask> Lessing identified with another and wholly different personality; and at the sight of <mask> Lessing embarrassed because she wore tights, one had a right to be bewildered. In 1900 she appeared in the title role in the two act operetta The Lady Slavey by Gustave Kerker and George Dance when that musical farce was revived in Boston and as Anita Tivoli in The Monks of Malabar.Return to Europe

Christmas 1900 saw Lessing make her London début as Princess Beauty in the annual children's pantomime The Sleeping Beauty and the Prince at the Theatre Royal Drury Lane which ran for 134 performances. In 1901 she played Dimples in The Whirl of the Town and Violet Gray in the first revival of The Belle of New York at the Adelphi Theatre in London in 1902. She appeared on the bill at the opening of the London Coliseum Theatre of Varieties on 24 December 1904 on a variety programme in which she sang "Goodbye, Little Girl", "My Irish Molly O" and a number of other popular hits of the time. Her other roles during this period include the title role in Em'ly (an adaptation of David Copperfield) at the Adelphi Theatre (1903), Jill opposite Dan Leno and Herbert Campbell in the pantomime Mother Goose at the Theatre Royal Drury Lane (1902) and appearances in Erminie at the Casino Theatre in New York (1903); Wang (1903) with the DeWolf Hopper Opera Company; Sergeant Brue at the Prince of Wales Theatre in London, (1904); Elsie in 18 matinee performances of the piratical tale Noah's Ark at the Waldorf Theatre in London (1906) in which "Miss <mask> Lessing laughed and danced and sang very charmingly, and seemed to enjoy everything quite as much as the children on the stage or in the front of the house"; The Prince of Pilsen (1907/8) at the Olympia Theatre in Paris, and Halloh!

masks: Madge Madge Madge


texts:
 (1909) at the Berlin Metropol. Lessing was also the dance partner to Will Bishop in the Berlin Metropol revue Chauffeur-ins Metropol in 1912. While in Berlin she appeared in a number of films for director Max Mack including as Fritzl Lustig in The Blue Mouse (1913), Lolotte in Where Is Coletti?(1913) and Gusti in A World Without Men (1914). She remained at the Metropol for four years until the outbreak of World War I forced her to return to England where she played in the London production of Sleeping Partners and the leading role in The Girl from Ciro's. Latter years
In 1920 she returned to the United States where she played again in Erminie at the Park Theatre in New York in 1921. This was her last known performance on the professional stage. Personal life
She married the London-based American theatrical manager and producer George Brinton McLellan (1867-1932), the brother of playwright C. M. S. McLellan. He was probably best known for the popular play Is Zat So? (1925) which ran for 634 performances at the 39th Street Theatre in New York and opened in the same year at the Adelphi Theatre and who had previously been married to the musical comedy actress Pauline Hall from 1894 to 1902.<mask> <mask> McLellan died in Bournemouth in 1966 aged 92. References

External links

Portraits of <mask> Lessing - National Portrait Gallery, London
Biography for <mask> Lessing - Internet Movie Database
Portrait of Miss <mask> <mask> - The American Vaudeville Museum Archive - Special Collections at the University of Arizona Libraries

1873 births
1966 deaths
English film actresses
English silent film actresses
English stage actresses
English musical theatre actresses
19th-century English actresses
20th-century English actresses
20th-century English women singers
19th-century British women

masks: Madge Lessing Madge Madge Madge Lessing


texts:
<mask> (23 October 1898 – 6 December 1985, born <mask>) whose career as an American industrial designer and artist helped define the shape of radio, television, broadcasting equipment, and computers for the Radio Corporation of America for almost four decades. He is best known for both his art deco illustrated books and iconic turnstile for the Perey company, as well as modern radios, broadcast equipment, and televisions for RCA. He was a founder of the Industrial Designers Society of America, in 1965, serving as its first chairman simultaneously with Henry Dreyfuss as its president. <mask>' design philosophy was to make products that were functional for the user. A decorated veteran of World War II, <mask> was chief of the OSS "Spy School" in Cairo, Egypt from 1942-1945. Early years
<mask> was born in Sulina, Romania to Greek parents, and his family moved when he was young to Istanbul, Turkey. He became a deck hand with the Allies during world War I, and survived the torpedoing of a Belgian ship where he was serving.After the war ended, he emigrated to the United States in 1919. <mask> moved to Boston, Massachusetts in 1919, where he attended the Fenway Art School at night. He studied alongside American artist <mask> Sargent and worked as an assistant for Joseph Urban. In 1924 he moved to New York, where he attended the Art Students League of New York, studying under George Bridgman, <mask>, and others. He opened his own studio creating window displays for department stores, like Wanamakers, murals, and advertisements for Saks Fifth Avenue, Bonwit Teller, and Packard Motor Cars in his unique black and white illustrated style. At the same time, he illustrated a series of books by Oscar Wilde for E.P.

masks:
John Vassos
John Plato Vassacopoulos
Vassos
Vassos
Vassos
Career Vassos
John Singer
John Sloan


texts: Dutton followed by others including Phobia on which he based his life-long design focus on psychology, his area of expertise as noted by Fortune Magazine's list of top designers in the country.He entered the emergent field of industrial design and was hired by rapidly-growing RCA Victor, under the leadership of David Sarnoff, who discovered Vassos while painting murals at the WCAU skyscraper in Philadelphia. The company had recently acquired Victor Phonograph, built Radio City, and owned NBC Broadcasting, but needed to amplify and modernize their radio manufacturing business. By hiring <mask>, an up-and-coming industrial designer who created their first Styling department, launched Vassos on a four-decade relationship with the company for whom he designed hundreds of items, while also consulting for numerous other clients like Coca-Cola, Waterman, Universal Artists, Remington, and the United States Government. <mask>'s work as an interior designer included the Chrysler Building apartment of photographer Margaret Bourke-White, Nedick's Hot Dog stands, displays for RCA in department stores and the World's Fair, and many others for which he employed modular furniture. He eschewed trendy styles like the extreme-streamlined look, popular in the 1930s, and favored the clean, modern look unadorned with unnecessary elements. He expressed his design philosophy for magazines like Pencil Points and in lectures on modern design and art. Although he was hailed as a top designer in the United States during the 1930s, he slipped away from the spotlight of his industrial design peers like Raymond Loewy, Henry Dreyfuss, and Norman Bel Geddes, largely because he did not open a large firm.Unique among the industrial

masks: Vassos Vassos


texts:
 designers of the 20th century, his work was focused on the intersections between interior decorating, furniture design, and the shapes of phonographs, radios and televisions. His contributions include creating a futuristic living room including television, the slide rule dial on radios, emphasis on the haptic experience of media (knobs and buttons), and the "user experience," years before this term was coined. Books

<mask> gained acclaim as an illustrator prior to his rise as an industrial designer. Between 1927–1935, <mask> illustrated many books, including Salome, Ballad of Reading Gaol, and The Harlot's House and Other Poems – three literary works by Oscar Wilde published by E.P. Dutton. <mask>'s iconic subjective illustrations were influenced by cinema and reflected cubist and constructivist, geometrical styles. They were often in black and white gouache (opaque watercolor) and well suited for reproduction in mass media.Contempo (1929) written by his wife <mask> with images by Vassos launched career as a modernist artist. Contempo is best understood as an exploration of American society during a moment of great transformation in which the American tempo is celebrated as "a certain sharp staccato rhythm almost like a riveting machine that exists nowhere else in the world," as <mask> wrote. The book also critiques the institutions of mass culture and commercial society. Phobia was his most influential book – inspired by his friend Freudian psychoanalyst Harry Stack Sullivan. It reflects a modern landscape through the perspective of those who suffer from phobias and shaped <mask>'s industrial design philosophy. It was performed as a dance by choreographers Gluck Sandor and Felicia Sorel with sets

masks:
Vassos
Vassos
Vassos
Ruth Vassos
Ruth Vassos
Vassos


texts:
 designed by <mask> and had a limited run of 1,000 books. Articles derived from it were published in Esquire Magazine.Ultimo (1930) presented a dystopic vision of a future underground society using streamlined motifs and was a response to debates about an urban landscape dominated by skyscrapers by writers like Lewis Mumford. This was followed by: Humanities (1934), Dogs Are Like That, (1941), Beatrice the Ballerina (under the pseudonym Ivan Vassilovitch, 1943), Rex and Lobo (1946), and illustrations for A Proverb for It: 1510 Greek Sayings (1945). Renewed interest in art deco and in <mask> brought new interest in his illustrated work. In 1976, Dover Books published Contempo, Phobia and Other Graphic Interpretations with a foreword by P.K. Thomajan. In 2009, Dover Books republished Phobia with an introduction by David A Berona. Industrial design

In 1924, <mask> created his first industrial design product, a lotion bottle popular as a hip flask during Prohibition.In 1933 he designed the widely popular Perey turnstile still used in many subway stations. Other notable designs included a streamlined paring knife, Hohner accordions and harmonicas, computers, an electron microscope for the RCA company, corporate logos, and Remington shotguns. These highly functional and visually striking designs include major forms of media in the 20th century. His strengths in designing media tools for consumers and professionals alike set him apart from other industrial designers. <mask> designed numerous radios, phonograph players, the Constellation jukebox for the Mills Company, and total environments for movie theaters, international expositions, and restaurants. <mask>'s contributions to public projects, like the

masks:
Vassos
Vassos
Vassos
Vassos
John Vassos


texts: famous RCA Building for the 1939/1940 New York World's Fair, have been overlooked for decades. <mask> considered RCA, NBC, United Artists, Waterman Pens, Coca-Cola, Wallace Silver, Nedick's, Mills Industries, and the United States Government among its scores of national clients.<mask> designed the cabinets of the RCA Corporation's first commercially available television sets. For the 1939 New York World's Fair he created a novel TV cabinet in transparent Lucite plastic as well as the company's first mass-produced television sets – the TRK12, TRK-9, and TRK-5. These sets were sold at major department stores in the New York metropolitan area. The TRK-12 is noted as one of the most significant mass-produced designs of the 20th century and held in many major museum collections including the Smithsonian. <mask> also created envisioned the interior spaces for television. His "Musicorner" for America at Home Pavilion or "Living Room of the Future" as it was known was displayed 1939/1940 New York World's Fair, and was among the designer led creation of an integrated media-centered room which combined radio, television, and record player housed within a single cabinet. In 1941, <mask> designed the RCA 621TS television set, which was slated to be sold the following year as a 1942 model.However, after Pearl Harbor and America's entry into World War II, manufacture of most consumer goods (including radio and television sets) was prohibited for the duration of the war, so the design was withheld until the end of the war, when it was brought out in 1946 as a limited run model until the post-war designs were fully ready. His industrial design contributions at RCA spanned over 40 years and included the designs for

masks:
John Vassos
Vassos
Vassos
Vassos


texts:
 microphones, broadcast equipment, transmitter buildings, RCA's first color television camera which became the standard in the field, and the RCA 501 solid-state computer among many other hundreds of products for the company. In the post war years, he designed pavilions for U.S. Trade Fairs (Karachi, New Delhi), for RCA at the Brussel's World's Fair and the 1964 New York World's Fair, modernized movie theaters for the United Artists Company including Grauman's Egyptian Theater in Los Angeles, export radios, radar equipment, televisions cameras, and boom stands for RCA, and designed shotguns for Remington Arms among other jobs. In 1960, he created an "advance design center" or think tank for RCA bringing together architects and designers like Paul Rudolph and Melanie Kahane to envision portable computers and television screens, a visionary proposition when computers were only used for businesses. Record players and microphones he designed can sell for thousands of dollars each at auction. His portable aluminum record players ca.1937, the RCA Victor Special, are in the collections of the Brooklyn Museum, Yale University Art Gallery, the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, and many other collections, regarded as iconic of modernistic design. Like many of <mask>' designs of media technologies, they are devoid of direct references to streamlined vehicles and inspired by the spare aesthetics of the Bauhaus School.His papers are collected at Syracuse University and at the Archives of American Art, Smithonian Institution in Washington DC. Industrial design profession
<mask> was a founder of the industrial design profession in the United States and strived for excellence in the field.

masks:
Vassos
John Vassos


texts:
 He became the president of the American Designers' Institute (later Industrial Designers Institute) in 1938 - 1941 leading and growing the organization, adding members like Kem Weber, Eva Zeisel, Walter von Nessen, Alfons Bach, and Belle Kogan. In 1952, <mask> along with fellow American Design Institute colleagues Alexander Kostellow, László Moholy-Nagy and others, developed a prototype for a four-year industrial design education, which was grounded in the Bauhaus School design principles. This set the standard for collegiate industrial design education. <mask> was instrumental in the formation of the Industrial Designer's Society of America (IDSA), a merger between the Industrial Designers Institute and the Society of Industrial Designers, and was its first Chairman of the Board with Henry Dreyfuss as its first President. He insisted that designers should be concerned with the legal status of their profession, and helped establish educational and licensing requirements.World War II, Wartime Honors and Legacy with the Office of Strategic Services (OSS)
<mask> enlisted into the United States Army when World War II began and went to war as captain in the Engineering Corps in charge of camouflage for the 3rd Air Force Headquarters. He was identified as a prime asset for America's newly-created intelligence service founded by William J. Donovan: the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). Due to his extraordinary leadership, cleverness, unsurpassed skill-set and knowledge of the Mediterranean, as well as his fluency in Greek and Turkish, he was assigned to the 'Secret Intelligence' (SI) and 'Special Operations' branches (SO) of the Office of Strategic Services and promoted to major and put in charge of the

masks:
Vassos
Vassos
John Vassos


texts:
 secluded ‘Spy School’ in Cairo, Egypt. This clandestine training center was a Camp X-type facility, situated in a remote, upper-class suburb of Cairo along the Nile River, known as "Area A." It was a palace owned by the brother-in-law of King Farouk of Egypt, and rented to the OSS, called Ras el Kanayas. Major <mask> was the Commanding Officer (CO) of the ‘Spy School’ for the duration of the war. Under <mask>' tutelage, many agents were trained and sent on missions behind enemy lines: primarily to Greece, the Balkans, and Italy.<mask>' detailed drawings, for the OSS training manuals and films, were used by prospective agents and attest to his unique artistic talent. For his meritorious service, <mask> was promoted to the rank of colonel at the war's conclusion by the Office of Strategic Services and the United States Army. Considered by Vassos to be the highest honor he had received was from Greece: the Gold Cross of the Order of the Phoenix () in 1966. It is bestowed upon individuals of non-royal status who have elevated Greece's international prestige, and was signed by King Constantine II of Greece for his "contribution to the Allied triumph over Nazi Germany while exemplifying the Hellenic paradigm of excellence." Personal
<mask> lived in Greenwich Village and the Upper West Side of New York City with his wife, <mask>, and settled in the Silvermine neighborhood in Norwalk, Connecticut in the 1930s. He was an influential leader of the Silvermine Guild and an avid hunter. His offices were in Camden, New Jersey, Manhattan and at his home.Death
<mask> died in Norwalk, Connecticut in 1985. Design Work
<mask> designed groundbreaking products of 20th-century America, particularly for media technologies.

masks:
Vassos
Vassos
Vassos
Vassos
Vassos
Ruth Vassos
John Vassos
John Vassos


texts:
 Among them were:

 Glass screw top bottle for Armand Company which doubled as a flask during Prohibition
Turnstile for the Perey Company which became the standardized design for turnstiles in mass transit and sports arenas
Utensils for Wallace Silver
 Moby Dick Knife and No Fumble Rack for Remington-Dupont
 Portable Phonograph RCA Victor Special M circa 1935
RCA knob, 1935 (at the request of the U.S. Navy), became the standard
Created RCA "Magic Brain" advertising campaign
 RCA Radio Model 6K10 (1936)
 RCA Radio Model 96X (1939)
RCA New Yorker Model 5Q56 (1939)
RCA Radio Super Six Model 15X (1941)
RCA New Yorker Series Radios (SQS, 6Q8, 4QU, 6Q7) - 1939
 RCA Microphone and Stand, Model No. 77-B1, 1937-1938
 RCA 5DX Transmitter (broadcast equipment)
 Musicorner at the America at Home Pavilion at the 1939/1940 New York World's Fair
 RCA Radio Model Q33 (1940)
 TRK-12 Television for RCA, the first mass-produced television for the company which premiered at the 1939 New York World's Fair
 Waterman "Hundred Year" pen in colorful lucite with streamlined design, 1939
 Bench for Electric Piano, Story & Clark (1940)
 Model B RCA Electron Microscope (built by Vladimir Zworykin and James Hillier)
 Echo Elite Harmonica for Hohner
RCA TK-30 television camera
Mills Constellation jukebox (1947)
Remington Model 11-48SA and Sportsman Model 48SA shotguns for Remington Arms, 1948
 Export radios for Latin America and Europe for RCA (1949)
Line of air conditioners for RCA introducing the "air-flow" theme
 9-JY Model RCA Victor 45 rpm phonograph, this was the first 45-rpm phonograph with automatic changer (1949) and marked the emergence of RCA's newest record format. Large mural in the lobby of the Rivoli Theatre in New


texts:
 York City
Pavilions for the United States Trade Fairs in Karachi and New Delhi, led to RCA introducing television there for the first time. RCA Pavilion for the Brussels World's Fair
RCA Pavilion interior for the 1964 New York World's Fair
RCA 501 Solid State computer (1958)
Marchesa Piano Accordion for Hohner (1960-1970)

References

Sources
 John Vassos New York Times obituary, published 10 Dec. 1985
 John Vassos Papers: Syracuse University
 John Vassos papers, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution
 "Television in the World of Tomorrow," by Iain Baird, ECHOES, Winter, 1997
 Illustrators: John Vassos, JVJ Publishing
 John Vassos: Industrial Design for Modern Life, Spring 2016, University of Minnesota Press, Danielle Shapiro. Corrado Farina (IT), Psicoanalisi nero su bianco.<mask> e le fobie dell'umanità, "Charta", Padova, n. 95, 2008, pp. 50–54. External links
<mask>: Industrial Design for Modern Life, Spring 2016, University of Minnesota Press, Danielle Shapiro. New Technologies: <mask> and Television Design, Smithsonian Magazine
<mask> Papers, Archives of American Art
Roughly Speaking Podcast: <mask> and the Shape of Things to Come
Major <mask>, Chief Training Officer for the Middle East Theatre for the OSS, 1944-1945
 The Training of Agent and Radio Operator Middle East Theater, circa 1940
 The OSS Society
 Trained to be an OSS Spy by Helias Doundoulakis/Gabriella Gafni
 Smithsonian Channel, World War II Spy School
 OSS Society Donovan Award Dinner 2015

1898 births
1985 deaths
American industrial designers
Romanian people of Greek descent
American people of Greek descent
Espionage
United States Army personnel of World War II
United States Army colonels
People of the Office of

masks:
John Vassos
John Vassos
John Vassos
John Vassos
John Vassos
John Vassos


texts:
<mask> (born November 21, 1994 in Lutherville, Maryland) is an American lacrosse player who plays for Archers Lacrosse Club of the Premier Lacrosse League (PLL). <mask> plays as a midfielder and face-off specialist and scored the first goal in PLL history in 2019. <mask> was selected to play in the 2021 PLL All Star Game in San Jose, California. Prior to joining the Archers, <mask> played for the Chesapeake Bayhawks in the Major League Lacrosse (MLL). He was selected to the MLL All-Star Team in 2018, and helped lead them to an overtime victory over Team USA. <mask> attended University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (UNC) from 2014 to 2017 where he played college lacrosse. In 2016, <mask> was named co-MVP of the National Championship team and was awarded the Turnbull Trophy.In 2017, <mask> was named team captain and helped lead UNC to an ACC Championship. <mask> is ranked 2nd in all-time face-off wins (718) and 3rd in all-time most ground balls (378) at UNC. <mask> played high school lacrosse at Calvert Hall College High School where he was a two-time high school All-American and helped lead Calvert Hall to an MIAA championship in 2012. He was the youngest member of the 2012 USA Under 19 Lacrosse Team, helping the team win the gold medal at the FIL World Championship in Turku, Finland. Bio

Early years
<mask> was born at the Greater Baltimore Medical Center in Baltimore, Maryland, to Gayle and <mask> III. He started playing lacrosse at age 6 at the Lutherville-Timonium Rec Council (LTRC). <mask> also played for the Fellowship of Christian Athletes (FCA) National Team which won the 2009 US Lacrosse U15 National Championship and he was named to the

masks:
Stephen Patrick DeMaine Kelly
Kelly
Kelly
Kelly
Kelly
Kelly
Kelly
Kelly
Kelly
Stephen Kelly
Frank Kelly
Kelly


texts:
 All-Tournament Team.<mask> continued playing lacrosse at Calvert Hall College High School, where he was a four-year letterman playing as a midfielder and face-off specialist. He was named team captain his Senior year. <mask> also captained the football team at Calvert Hall where he was a three-year starter. He helped lead the team to their first football championship in 28 years. <mask> was named first-team All-MIAA as a running back and All-State as a defensive back in 2012. College career
<mask> played college lacrosse at UNC where he was a four-year starter at face-off and team captain his senior year. <mask> was awarded the Holmes Harden Sr. Memorial Award all four years for leading the team in ground balls and was a two-time All-American.He ranks second in all time faceoff wins and third in all-time most ground balls in UNC Lacrosse history. Professional career

MLL - Chesapeake Bayhawks
<mask> was one of the six UNC players to be selected in the MLL Draft as a sixth round draft pick (#48) Midfielder/Face-off Specialist for the Bayhawks in 2017. <mask> was selected to play in the 2018 MLL All-Star game against Team USA. PLL - Archers
On March 4, 2019 the PLL released their six team roster with <mask> as one of the Archer's Face-off Specialist. <mask> quickly made history on the League opening game (June 1, 2019 at Gillette Stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts) against the Chrome Lacrosse Club winning the first face-off, first ground ball, and scoring the first goal in PLL history eleven seconds into the game. He currently ranks (July 2019) third in League History for Ground Balls. Career statistics

Collegiate

MLL

PLL

Awards and honors

High

masks:
Kelly
Kelly
Kelly
Kelly
Kelly
Stephen Kelly
Kelly
Stephen Kelly
Kelly


texts:
 school lacrosse
 4 year letterman: midfielder and face-off specialist
 2013 Under Amour All-American
Inside Lacrosse Magazine: No.2 ranked No. <mask> currently lives in Atlanta, Georgia working as a Director of Corporate Development at OneDigital Health and Benefits. He is a co-owner of k-2 Lacrosse Training with his brother, <mask>. Some of his interests outside of lacrosse are golf, tennis and hiking. <mask> has 3 siblings; Frankie IV, Jackie Lee, and JK. He is engaged to marry Caroline Dilli. References

1994 births
Living people
Premier Lacrosse League players
North Carolina Tar Heels men's lacrosse players
Major League Lacrosse players
People from Lutherville, Maryland
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni
Calvert Hall College High School alumni
Sportspeople from Baltimore County, Maryland
Chesapeake Bayhawks

masks:
Kelly
Frankie Kelly
Kelly


texts:
"Lefty" <mask> (September 28, 1898, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – November 5, 1970, in Atlantic City, New Jersey) was an American boxer. He is generally considered one of the best boxers to never have won a world title, though he was a top rated contender for both the world light and welterweight championships. Statistical boxing website BoxRec lists <mask> as the #10 ranked lightweight of all time, while The Ring Magazine founder Nat Fleischer placed him at #9. He is a member of the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame, the Ring Magazine Hall of Fame, the World Boxing Hall of Fame,  and the International Boxing Hall of Fame. Early life and career
<mask> was born in the South Philadelphia Jewish ghetto on September 28, 1898. His father died of a long illness only two years after he was born,  leaving the family in desperate financial straits. At only six, he started selling newspapers on a city street corner, using his fists to defend his territory against tough competition.He began boxing as an amateur around twelve, often competing in tournaments at local burlesque houses. Turning pro in 1913 at the age of fifteen, he began his career as a bantamweight. His first bout on November 6, 1918, against Mickey Brown, was arranged by Phil Glassman and the Philadelphia Newsboy Association. In an important early career win, <mask> decisively defeated future world bantamweight champion Pete Herman on February 28, 1916, in six rounds, repeatedly scoring points with his right. Herman had difficulty mounting an effective defense, and bled from his nose through much of the bout where he caught frequent rights from <mask>. Herman would take the world bantamweight championship the following year and hold it

masks:
Lew Tendler
Tendler
Lew Tendler
Tendler
Tendler


texts:
 almost continuously for four years. Close bouts with champion Johnny Dundee, 1917
On October 1, 1917, <mask> defeated future world junior lightweight champion Johnny Dundee in a close six-round newspaper decision in Philadelphia.<mask> took the lead in most of the fighting, used his reach advantage to dominate at long range, and landed more blows to take the decision. He finished strong in the sixth. On March 26, 1917, <mask> had previously defeated Dundee in another very close six-round newspaper decision of two Philadelphia papers, though one reporter felt the power of Dundee's blows to the head and body should have won him the decision. Future world lightweight champion Rocky Kansas fell to <mask> on October 29, 1917 in a somewhat decisive six-round newspaper decision in Philadelphia according to a decision of the Philadelphia Record. <mask> scored with straight lefts, upper cuts and right crosses, and had the better of much of the fighting. In a closer first round, Kansas landed a powerful right to <mask>'s ear. In two other meetings with Kansas, <mask> won a ten-round newspaper decision on New Years Day, 1919, but dropped a fifteen-round points decision on October 21, 1921 at New York's  Madison Square Garden.<mask> first decisively defeated Willie Jackson, a leading contender for the lightweight title in a six-round newspaper decision in Philadelphia, on January 7, 1918. <mask> forced the fighting from the opening round, showed better defense, and gave Jackson a beating in nearly every round. Jackson was able to score only when coming out of clinches at close range. <mask> defeated Jackson again that year in a fifteen-round points decision in New Haven, and continued to gain victory over Jackson

masks: Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler


texts:
 in Philadelphia and Milwaukee by newspaper decisions once a year from 1919 to 1921. George "KO" Chaney first fell to <mask> on September 18, 1918 in a six-round newspaper decision in Philadelphia. <mask> knocked down Chaney for a count of six in the third round. <mask> scored best in the first three and final rounds.<mask> would also defeat Chaney in a first-round knockout on June 4, 1919 at Philadelphia's Shibe Park. A left to the jaw preceded by a hard right to the same spot put Chaney down for the count only 1:12 into the first round. Chaney was one of <mask>'s more skilled early opponents. <mask> first defeated fellow Jewish boxer Frankie Callahan, another leading contender for the lightweight title, on July 6, 1918 in an eight-round newspaper decision in Atlantic City. In three other meetings, <mask> won a six-round newspaper decision in Philadelphia, a ninth-round technical knockout in Boston where Callahan broke his wrist, and a rough fifth-round technical knockout at an open-air arena in Lawrence, Massachusetts, on September 18, 1920, where Callahan told his manager he had broken a rib in the second round. Callahan fought through three more rounds, but was unable to answer the bell for the sixth. Attempts at lightweight championship against Benny Leonard, 1922-3
On July 27, 1922, <mask> fell to fellow Jewish boxer Benny Leonard in a twelve-round newspaper decision in Jersey City in a lightweight world title match, that may have been the most remarkable bout of <mask>'s career.Before a record audience of over 60,000 enthralled fans, Leonard won five rounds, <mask> four, with three even. <mask> may have led in the first five rounds, as Leonard could not adjust to or penetrate his unique Southpaw

masks: Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler


texts: stance, style, and defense. In the eighth, <mask> crashed a terrific left to the midsection which had followed a left to the head, and Leonard held on to <mask> as he sank to one knee. Then Leonard rose and distracted <mask> by mumbling a few words, then going to a clinche to rest for much of the remainder of the round. <mask> never delivered the follow up knockout blow, and Leonard, getting time to recover, dominated the next seven rounds. In their last meeting on July 24, 1923, Leonard won a unanimous fifteen-round decision at Yankee Stadium before an extraordinary crowd of 58,000. The bout took place in the Bronx in another lightweight world title match.Leonard excelled in the speed and precision of his attack, while still managing to ward off most of his opponent's blows, particularly <mask>'s strong left. Leonard demonstrated his mastery of ring tactics against an opponent who became sluggish, and was unable to mount the offensive he had shown in their bout the previous July. By one account, Leonard managed to land three blows for every one of <mask>'s, demonstrating his speed and mastery of tactics. With the huge crowd, Leonard's take home pay exceeded $130,000, an extraordinary sum for the era. <mask> first defeated Sailor Friedman, a highly rated lightweight, on December 16, 1921, in an eight-round newspaper decision at New York's Madison Square Garden. <mask> floored Friedman four times in the second round in the Garden. Friedman came back hard in the fourth, staggering <mask> with a left to the jaw, and performed well in the fifth.The combatants went back and forth in the following rounds, though Friedman continued do land a few solid blows as late as the twelfth and fourteenth. In three

masks: Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler


texts:
 previous meetings that year, on September 13, August 24, and February 28, <mask> won in newspaper decisions in Milwaukee, and Philadelphia. <mask> defeated reigning world light heavyweight champion Pinky Mitchell in their last meeting on February 18, 1924 in a close ten-round newspaper decision in Milwaukee. The Wisconsin State Journal considered the non-title bout slow and wrote that <mask>'s blows lacked steam. Had Mitchell been two pounds lighter, and been knocked out, <mask> would have taken the junior welterweight championship. <mask> had defeated Mitchell in a previous meeting on May 19, 1920 in another ten-round newspaper decision in Milwaukee. <mask> got his range in the final seven rounds, and won points for taking the offense through most of the bout.His defense was exceptional, though Mitchell's defense kept him from harm and he benefited somewhat from greater reach. Attempt at welterweight championship against Mickey Walker, 1924

<mask> fell to Mickey Walker in a ten-round unanimous decision on June 2, 1924 in an attempt at the National Boxing Association (NBA) world welterweight championship. The Pittsburgh Post gave Walker five rounds with only the seventh and eighth to Tendler. In a fast and exciting bout, <mask> drove Walker from rope to rope in the seventh with rights and lefts to the body and head, looking like he might take the decision. Walker had an edge in the final two rounds, however, as <mask> tired, and scored most frequently with blows to the body. <mask> was knocked out only once in his career on January 19, 1925 against Jack Zivic in Pittsburgh. In the fifth round, a left by Zivic sent <mask> spinning to the floor for a count of nine.Another left hurt <mask>, and than a

masks: Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler


texts:
 barrage of lefts and rights sent him to the canvas again. <mask>'s manager Phil Glassman threw in the towel ending the fight. In a rematch, however, in Philadelphia five months later before 30,000 fans, <mask> dominated in a ten-round unanimous decision at Shibe Park. The Pittsburgh Gazette Times gave <mask> seven of ten rounds, particularly the last half of the bout, and wrote that he "outboxed, outslugged, and outpunched" Zivic, particularly in the closing rounds. In one of his last bouts with a top talent on July 16, 1925, <mask> drew with future world welterweight champion Joe Dundee by decision, in ten fast and hard-fought rounds before 10,000 at Shibe Park in Philadelphia. <mask> was rocked several times by the younger Dundee's rapid right, and took a serious beating in several rounds. Dundee caught <mask> off balance in the ninth with a left hook, and he fell briefly to his hands.The more skilled ring veteran <mask> was forced to clinch at times. The Philadelphia Inquirer believed Dundee had the better of the bout, and many in the audience felt the same. <mask> mounted an effective defense, however, and often went on the offensive during the fast bout. Life after boxing

After retiring from boxing in 1928, <mask> opened a restaurant in Philadelphia in 1932 which specialized in steaks, known as Tendler's Tavern. He later opened branches in Atlantic City and Miami Beach. Around 1911, he married Celia Lasker, with whom he had three sons. <mask> and Celia remained married throughout his life.<mask> died on November 7, 1970 at Shore Memorial Hospital in Somers Point, a suburb of Atlantic City, New Jersey, of an arterial clot. His memorial service was in Philadelphia, and he was buried in nearby

masks: Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Tendler Lew Tendler


texts:
 Roosevelt Memorial Park in Trevose, Pennsylvania, a Philadelphia suburb. He left nine grandchildren. Notable bouts

See also
List of select Jewish boxers

References

External links

International Boxing Hall of Fame - <mask> Tendler
Cyber Boxing Zone - <mask> Tendler

1898 births
1970 deaths
Boxers from Philadelphia
Lightweight boxers
Welterweight boxers
Jewish American boxers
Jewish boxers
American male boxers
20th-century American

masks: Lew Lew


texts: <mask> (8 July 1836 – 2 July 1914) was a British statesman who was first a radical Liberal, then, after opposing home rule for Ireland, a Liberal Unionist, and eventually served as a leading imperialist in coalition with the Conservatives. He split both major British parties in the course of his career. He was father, by different marriages, of Nobel Peace Prize winner <mask> and of Prime Minister <mask>. <mask> made his career in Birmingham, first as a manufacturer of screws and then as a notable mayor of the city. He was a radical Liberal Party member and an opponent of the Elementary Education Act 1870 on the basis that it could result in subsidising Church of England schools with local ratepayers' money. As a self-made businessman, he had never attended university and had contempt for the aristocracy. He entered the House of Commons at 39 years of age, relatively late in life compared to politicians from more privileged backgrounds.Rising to power through his influence with the Liberal grassroots organisation, he served as President of the Board of Trade in Gladstone's Second Government (1880–85). At the time, <mask> was notable for his attacks on the Conservative leader Lord Salisbury, and in the 1885 general election he proposed the "Unauthorised Programme", which was not enacted, of benefits for newly enfranchised agricultural labourers, including the slogan promising "three acres and a cow". <mask> resigned from Gladstone's Third Government in 1886 in opposition to Irish Home Rule. He helped to engineer a Liberal Party split and became a Liberal Unionist, a party which included a bloc of MPs based in and around Birmingham. From the 1895 general election the Liberal Unionists were in coalition with the Conservative Party, under <mask>'s former

masks:
Joseph Chamberlain
Austen Chamberlain
Neville Chamberlain
Chamberlain
Chamberlain
Chamberlain
Chamberlain


texts:
 opponent Lord Salisbury. In that government <mask> promoted the Workmen's Compensation Act 1897. He served as Secretary of State for the Colonies, promoting a variety of schemes to build up the Empire in Asia, Africa, and the West Indies.He had major responsibility for causing the Second Boer War (1899–1902) in South Africa and was the government minister most responsible for the war effort. He became a dominant figure in the Unionist Government's re-election at the "Khaki Election" in 1900. In 1903, he resigned from the Cabinet to campaign for tariff reform (i.e. taxes on imports as opposed to the existing policy of free trade with no tariffs). He obtained the support of most Unionist MPs for this stance, but the Unionists suffered a landslide defeat at the 1906 general election. Shortly after public celebrations of his 70th birthday in Birmingham, he was disabled by a stroke, ending his public career. Despite never becoming Prime Minister, he was one of the most important British politicians of his day, as well as a renowned orator and municipal reformer.Historian David Nicholls notes that his personality was not attractive: he was arrogant and ruthless and much hated. He never succeeded in his grand ambitions. However, he was a highly proficient grassroots organiser of democratic instincts, and played the central role in winning the Second Boer War. He is most famous for setting the agenda of British colonial, foreign, tariff and municipal policies, and for deeply splitting both major political parties. Early life, business career and marriage
<mask> was born in Camberwell to <mask> (1796–1874), a successful shoe manufacturer, and Caroline (1806–1875), daughter of cheese (formerly beer) merchant Henry Harben. His younger brother was <mask>, later

masks:
Chamberlain
Chamberlain
Joseph Chamberlain
Richard Chamberlain


texts: also a Liberal politician. Raised at Highbury, a prosperous suburb of North London, he was educated at University College School 1850–1852, excelling academically and gaining prizes in French and mathematics.The elder <mask> was not able to provide advanced education for all his children, and at the age of 16 <mask> was apprenticed to the Worshipful Company of Cordwainers and worked for the family business (their warehouse having been at Milk Street, London for three generations) making quality leather shoes. At 18 he joined his uncle's screw-making business, Nettlefolds of Birmingham, in which his father had invested. The company became known as Nettlefold and Chamberlain when <mask> became a partner with <mask>. During the business's most prosperous period it produced two-thirds of all metal screws made in England, and by the time of <mask>'s retirement from business in 1874 it was exporting worldwide. In July 1861, <mask> married Harriet Kenrick, the daughter of holloware manufacturer Archibald Kenrick, of Berrow Court, Edgbaston, Birmingham; they had met the previous year. Their daughter <mask> was born in May 1862. Harriet, who had had a premonition that she would die in childbirth, became ill two days after the birth of their son Austen in October 1863, and died three days later.<mask> devoted himself to business, while the children were brought up by their maternal grandparents. In 1868 <mask> married Harriet's cousin Florence Kenrick, daughter of Timothy Kenrick. <mask> and Florence had four children: the future Prime Minister Neville in 1869, Ida in 1870, Hilda in 1871 and Ethel in 1873. The teaching of these four children was taken on by their elder half sister Beatrice who was destined to make her mark as an educationalist. On 13 February

masks:
Chamberlain
Joseph
Chamberlain
Joseph Nettlefold
Chamberlain
Chamberlain
Beatrice Chamberlain
Chamberlain
Chamberlain
Chamberlain


texts:
 1875 Florence gave birth to their fifth child, but she and the child died within a day. Though a Unitarian during his lifetime, the experiences <mask> endured with losing both wives in childbirth resulted in him losing personal faith, rejecting religious creeds and not requiring religious adherence of any of his children. In 1888 <mask> married for the third time in St. John's Episcopal Church, New York.His bride was Mary Crowninshield Endicott (1864–1957), daughter of the US Secretary of War, William Crowninshield Endicott. They had no children, but she eased his acceptance into upper-class society in the second half of his career. Early political career

Calls for reform
<mask> became involved in Liberal politics, influenced by the strong radical and liberal traditions among Birmingham shoemakers and the long tradition of social action in <mask>'s Unitarian church. There was pressure to redistribute parliamentary seats to cities and to enfranchise a greater proportion of urban men. In 1866, Earl Russell's Liberal administration submitted a Reform Bill to create 400,000 new voters, but the Bill was opposed by the "Adullamite" Liberals for disrupting the social order, and criticised by Radicals for not conceding the secret ballot or household suffrage. The Bill was defeated and the government fell. <mask> was one of the 250,000, including the Mayor, who marched for Reform in Birmingham on 27 August 1866; he recalled that "men poured into the hall, black as they were from the factories...the people were packed together like herrings" to listen to a speech by John Bright.Lord Derby's minority Conservative administration passed a Reform Act in 1867, nearly doubling the electorate from 1,430,000 to 2,470,000. The Liberal Party won the 1868 election.

masks: Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain


texts: <mask> was active in the election campaign, praising Bright and George Dixon, a Birmingham MP. <mask> was also influential in the local campaign in support of the Irish Disestablishment bill. In the autumn of 1869 a deputation headed by William Harris invited him to stand for the Town Council; and in November he was elected to represent St. Paul's Ward. <mask> and Jesse Collings had been among the founders of the Birmingham Education League in 1867, which noted that of about 4.25 million children of school age, 2 million children, mostly in urban areas, did not attend school, with a further 1 million in uninspected schools. The government's aid to Church of England schools offended Nonconformist opinion.<mask> favoured free, secular, compulsory education, stating that "it is as much the duty of the State to see that the children are educated as to see that they are fed", and attributing the success of the US and Prussia to public education. The Birmingham Education League evolved into the National Education League, which held its first Conference in Birmingham in 1869 and proposed a school system funded by local rates and government grants, managed by local authorities subject to government inspection. By 1870, the League had more than one hundred branches, mostly in cities and peopled largely by men of trades unions and working men's organisations. William Edward Forster, Vice-President of the Committee of Council on Education, proposed an Elementary Education Bill in January 1870. Nonconformists opposed the proposal to fund church schools as part of the national educational system through the rates. The NEL was angered by the absence of school commissions or of free, compulsory education. <mask> arranged for a delegation of 400 branch members and 46


texts:
 MPs to visit the prime minister William Ewart Gladstone at 10 Downing Street on 9 March 1870, the first time the two men had met.<mask> impressed the Prime Minister with his lucid speech, and during the Bill's second reading Gladstone agreed to make amendments that removed church schools from rate-payer control and granted them funding. Liberal MPs, exasperated at the compromises in the legislation, voted against the government, and the Bill passed the House of Commons with support from the Conservatives. <mask> campaigned against the Act, and especially Clause 25, which gave school boards of England and Wales the power to pay the fees of poor children at voluntary schools, theoretically allowing them to fund church schools. The Education League stood in several by-elections against Liberal candidates who refused to support the repeal of Clause 25. In 1873 a Liberal majority was elected to the Birmingham School Board, with <mask> as chairman. Eventually, a compromise was reached with the church component of the School Board agreeing to make payments from rate-payer's money only to schools associated with industrial education. <mask> espoused enfranchisement of rural workers and a lower cost of land.In an article written for the Fortnightly Review, he coined the slogan of the "Four F's: Free Church, Free Schools, Free Land and Free Labour". In another article, "The Liberal Party and its Leaders", <mask> criticised Gladstone's leadership and advocated a more Radical direction for the party. Mayor of Birmingham
In November 1873, the Liberal Party swept the municipal elections and <mask> was elected mayor of Birmingham. The Conservatives had denounced his Radicalism and called him a "monopoliser and a dictator" while the Liberals had campaigned against

masks: Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain


texts: their High Church Tory opponents with the slogan "The People above the Priests". The city's municipal administration was notably lax with regards to public works, and many urban dwellers lived in conditions of great poverty. As mayor, <mask> promoted many civic improvements, promising the city would be "parked, paved, assized, marketed, gas & watered and 'improved'". The Birmingham Gas Light and Coke Company and the Birmingham and Staffordshire Gas Light Company were locked in constant competition, in which the city's streets were continually dug up to lay mains.<mask> forcibly purchased the two companies on behalf of the borough for £1,953,050, even offering to purchase the companies himself if the ratepayers refused. In its first year of operations the new municipal gas scheme made a profit of £34,000. The city's water supply was considered a danger to public health – approximately half of the city's population was dependent on well water, much of which was polluted by sewage. Piped water was only supplied three days per week, compelling the use of well water and water carts for the rest of the week. Deploring the rising death rate from contagious diseases in the poorest parts of the city, in January 1876, <mask> forcibly purchased Birmingham's waterworks for a combined sum of £1,350,000, creating Birmingham Corporation Water Department, having declared to a House of Commons Committee that "We have not the slightest intention of making profit...We shall get our profit indirectly in the comfort of the town and in the health of the inhabitants". Despite this noticeable executive action, <mask> was mistrustful of central authority and bureaucracy, preferring to give local communities the responsibility to act on their own initiative. In July 1875,

masks: Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain


texts: <mask> tabled an improvement plan involving slum clearance in Birmingham's city centre.<mask> had been consulted by the Home Secretary, Richard Assheton Cross during the preparation of the Artisan's and Labourers' Dwellings Improvement Act 1875, during Disraeli's social improvement programme. <mask> bought 50 acres (200,000 m2) of property to build a new road, (Corporation Street), through Birmingham's overcrowded slums. Over-riding the protests of local landlords and the Commissioner of the Local Government Board's inquiry into the scheme, <mask> gained the endorsement of the President of the Local Government Board, George Sclater-Booth. <mask> raised the funds for the programme, contributing £10,000 himself. However, the Improvement Committee concluded that it would be too expensive to transfer slum-dwellers to municipally built accommodation, and so the land was leased as a business proposition on a 75-year lease. Slum dwellers were eventually rehoused in the suburbs and the scheme cost local government £300,000. The death-rate in Corporation Street decreased dramatically – from approximately 53 per 1,000 between 1873 and 1875 to 21 per 1,000 between 1879 and 1881.During <mask>'s tenure of office, public and private money was used to construct libraries, municipal swimming pools and schools. Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery was enlarged and a number of new parks were opened. Construction of the Council House was begun, while the Victoria Law Courts were built on Corporation Street. The mayoralty helped make <mask> a national as well as local figure, with contemporaries commenting upon his youthfulness and dress, including "a black velvet coat, jaunty eyeglass in eye, red neck-tie drawn through a ring". His contribution to the city's improvement

masks: Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain


texts:
 earned <mask> the allegiance of the so-called "Birmingham caucus" for the rest of his public career. His biographer states:
Early in his political career, <mask> constructed arguably his greatest and most enduring accomplishment, a model of "gas-and-water" or municipal socialism widely admired in the industrial world. At his ceaseless urging, Birmingham embarked on an improvement scheme to tear down its central slums and replace them with healthy housing and commercial thoroughfares, both to ventilate the town and to attract business.This scheme, however, strained the financial resources of the town and undermined the consensus in favour of reform. National politics

Member of Parliament and the National Liberal Federation
The Sheffield Reform Association, an offshoot of the Liberal Party in the city, invited <mask> to stand for election as an MP soon after the beginning of his tenure as Mayor of Birmingham. <mask>'s first Parliamentary campaign (the 1874 general election) was a fierce one; opponents accused him of republicanism and atheism, and even threw dead cats at him on the speaking platform. <mask> came in third place, a poor result for a leading urban Radical. <mask> eventually rejected the possibility of standing in Sheffield again, and when George Dixon retired from his Birmingham seat in May 1876, <mask> was returned unopposed (17 June 1876) for the Birmingham constituency, after a period of anxiety following his nomination in which he denounced the Prime Minister, Benjamin Disraeli, accusing him of being 'a man who never told the truth except by accident.' After <mask> came under heavy attack for the insult he apologised publicly. When elected, <mask> resigned as mayor of Birmingham, and was introduced to the House of Commons by John

masks: Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain


texts: Bright and <mask>, an M.P.for Newcastle upon Tyne. Almost immediately, <mask> began to organise the Radical MPs, intending to displace Whig dominance of the Liberal Party. On 4 August 1876, <mask> made his maiden speech in the House of Commons during a debate on elementary schools. He spoke for twenty minutes on the maintenance of clause 25, while Disraeli was present, and using his experience on the Birmingham School Board to make an impressive speech. Many of <mask>'s other speeches were on the subject of free public education and female teachers, and on alcohol licensing and army discipline. Early difficulties in creating a coherent Radical group convinced <mask> of the need to establish a more effective organisation for the Liberal Party as a whole, especially in the localities. <mask> hoped to harness the public agitation against Turkey's Bulgarian atrocities for a Radical agenda.<mask> closed ranks with Gladstone to profit from the returned Liberal leader's increasing popularity. With the Liberal Party actively opposing Disraeli's foreign policy during the Russo-Turkish War, Gladstone addressed approximately 30,000 people at Bingley Hall on 31 May 1877 to found the National Liberal Federation, a federation of the country's Liberal Associations. The body was dominated by Birmingham politicians, with <mask> himself as president. The Federation was designed to tighten party discipline and campaigning, and it subsequently enlisted new party members, organised political meetings and published posters and pamphlets. Contemporary commentators made (often disparaging) comparisons between the techniques of the Federation and those employed in American politics. The Federation enhanced <mask>'s influence in the Liberal Party and gave him a nationwide

masks:
Joseph Cowen
Chamberlain
Chamberlain
Chamberlain
Chamberlain
Chamberlain
Chamberlain
Chamberlain
Chamberlain


texts:
 platform to promote Radicalism. <mask> criticised Disraeli's forward foreign policy for diverting attention from domestic reform.Unlike many Liberals, <mask>'s was not an anti-imperialist, for although he berated the government for its Eastern policy, the Second Afghan War of 1878 and the Zulu War of 1879, he had supported Disraeli's purchase of Suez Canal Company shares in November 1875. At this stage of his career, <mask> was eager to see the protection of British overseas interests, but placed greater emphasis on a conception of justice in the pursuit of such interests. <mask> joined the Liberal denunciations of the Conservative Party's foreign policy in the 1880 general election, and Gladstone returned as Prime Minister with assistance from the NLF. President of the Board of Trade
Despite having sat in Parliament for only four years, <mask> hoped for a cabinet position, and told Sir William Harcourt that he was prepared to lead a revolt and field Radical candidates in borough elections. Although Gladstone did not regard the NLF highly, he recognised the part it had played in winning the 1880 election, and was eager to reconcile <mask> and other Radicals to the mainly Whig cabinet. Having taken the counsel of Bright, Gladstone invited <mask> on 27 April 1880 to become President of the Board of Trade. <mask>'s scope for manoeuvre was restricted between 1880 and 1883 by the Cabinet's preoccupation with Ireland, Transvaal Colony and Egypt, but he was able to introduce the Grain Cargoes Bill, for the safer transportation of grain, an Electric Lighting Bill, enabling municipal corporations to establish electricity supplies, and a Seaman's Wages Bill, which ensured a fairer system of payment for seamen.After 1883, <mask> was more productive. A Bankruptcy


texts: Bill established a Board of Trade Bankruptcy Department for inquiring into failed business deals. A Patents Bill subjected patenting to Board of Trade supervision. <mask> also sought to end the practice of ship owners overinsuring their vessels – 'coffin ships' – while under-manning them, ensuring a healthy profit whether the ship arrived safely or sank. Despite being endorsed by Tory Democrats Lord Randolph Churchill and John Eldon Gorst, the Liberal government was unwilling to grant <mask> its full support and the Bill was withdrawn in July 1884. <mask> took a special interest in Ireland. The Irish Land League promoted fair rents, fixity of tenure and free sale for Irish Catholic peasants, in opposition to (often absentee) Anglo-Irish landlords.<mask> agreed with suggestions that a Land Bill would counter agitation in Ireland and Fenian outrages in the British Isles and would quieten demands for Irish Home Rule, which he opposed strongly, reasoning that it would lead to the eventual break up of the British Empire. He opposed the Chief Secretary for Ireland, W.E. Forster's policy of coercion, believing that coercive tactics before a land settlement would provoke Irish malcontents. In April 1881, Gladstone's government introduced the Irish Land Act, but in response, Charles Stewart Parnell, leading the Irish nationalists, encouraged tenants to withhold rents. As a result, Parnell and other leaders, including John Dillon and William O'Brien, were imprisoned in Kilmainham Gaol on 13 October 1881. <mask> supported their imprisonment rather than further concessions, and used their incarceration to bargain with them in 1882. In the ensuing 'Kilmainham Treaty', the government agreed to release Parnell in return for his co-operation in making the Land Act


texts:
 work.Forster resigned and the new Chief Secretary, Lord Frederick Cavendish, was killed by members of the Irish National Invincibles - a small radical faction of the Irish Republican Brotherhood - on 6 May 1882, leaving the 'Kilmainham Treaty' almost useless. Many, including Parnell, believed that <mask>, having brokered the agreement, would be offered the Chief Secretaryship, but Gladstone appointed Sir George Trevelyan instead. Nevertheless, <mask> maintained an interest in Irish affairs, and proposed to the Cabinet an Irish Central Board that would have legislative powers for land, education and communications. This was rejected by the Whigs in Cabinet on 9 May 1885. Called a dangerous "Jack Cade"
After his success in municipal politics, <mask> was frustrated at his inability to introduce more creative legislation at the Board of Trade. Early into the Gladstone ministry, <mask> suggested without success that the franchise should be extended, with the Prime Minister arguing that the matter should be deferred until the end of the Parliament's lifespan. In 1884, the Liberals proposed a Third Reform Bill, which would give hundreds of thousands of rural labourers the vote.<mask> earned a reputation for provocative speeches during the period, especially during debate on the 1884 County Franchise Bill, which was opposed by the Whig Liberals Lord Hartington and George Goschen, as well as the Conservative leader Lord Salisbury, who argued that the Bill gave the Liberals an unfair electoral advantage and was prepared to block the Bill in the House of Lords unless it was accompanied by redistribution of seats into the suburbs. At Denbigh, on 20 October 1884, <mask> famously declared in a speech that Salisbury was "himself the spokesman of a class – a class to


texts:
 which he himself belongs, who toil not neither do they spin." In response, Salisbury branded <mask> a "Sicilian bandit" and Stafford Northcote called him "Jack Cade". When <mask> suggested that he would march on London with thousands of Birmingham constituents to protest against the House of Lords' powers, Salisbury remarked that "Mr. <mask> will return from his adventure with a broken head if nothing worse." Radical Programme of July 1885
The Third Reform Act of 1884 was followed by a Redistribution Act in 1885, negotiated by Gladstone and Lord Salisbury. <mask> campaigned to capture the newly enfranchised voters for Radicalism with public meetings, speeches and, notably, articles written in the Fortnightly Review by <mask>'s associates, including Jesse Collings and John Morley. <mask> wrote the preface to the Radical Programme (July 1885), the first campaign handbook of British political history.It endorsed land reform, more direct taxation, free public education, the disestablishment of the Church of England, universal male suffrage, and more protection for trade unions. It was much inspired by his friend Frederick Maxse's 1873 pamphlet The Causes of Social Revolt. <mask>'s utopian vision fell foul of practical politics, as in the education question. <mask> proposed to separate the goal of free education for every child from the religious question. His policy was rejected by groups on all sides, who were using education as a political weapon, including the National Liberal Federation, Nonconformists, Catholics and more generally, the taxpayers. The Radical Programme earned the scorn of Whigs and Conservatives alike. <mask> had written to Morley that with Radical solidarity 'we will utterly destroy the Whigs, and have a Radical government before