texts:
<mask><mask> (October 26, 1864 – October 23, 1939) was a Lithuanian-American Unitarian minister. Mockus is remembered for having been convicted in nationally publicized trials for having violated archaic Connecticut and Maine state laws prohibiting blasphemy as a result of his public challenges of  certain points of orthodox religious belief. Biography
Mykolas Ksaveras Mockevičius was born on October 26, 1864 in Ramanavas, Lithuania. In 1886, he emigrated to United States and Americanized his name as <mask>. Initially he worked at coal mines then at a cement factory in Detroit, Michigan. There he bought a small press and published Lithuanian and Polish brochures and booklets. He became active in various Lithuanian-American societies.Initially a devout Catholic, <mask> turned to Protestantism. He graduated from a seminary in Fairmount, Ohio and was ordained a minister in the Unitarian church. He toured various Lithuanian communities delivering speeches and sermons. Around 1908 he switched to atheism and freethought. He made a career delivering speeches that mocked religious tenets. The speeches were highly controversial and attracted large crowds. The churchgoers would attempt to disrupt the meetings with measures ranging from catcalls to threats of violence.The police would get involved on the basis that Mockus was speaking without a permit, disturbing the peace, or inciting to anarchy, but he would escape more serious charges on the basis of free speech. He was charged with and found guilty of blasphemy in Waterbury, Connecticut in 1916 and in Rumford, Maine in 1917. The Supreme

masks:
Michael X
. Mockus
Michael Xavier Mockus
Mockus


type: original

texts:
 Judicial Court of Maine upheld his conviction in March 1921. Instead of serving the one to two years sentence in prison, <mask> escaped to Mexico. He lived there for five years before returning to United States. Upon his return he retired from public life and died on October 23, 1939 in Oak Forest, Illinois. Blasphemy cases

Connecticut
On July 17, 1916, <mask> was invited to lecture to the Lithuanian Freethought Association of Waterbury, Connecticut, speaking in Lithuanian.He was charged with blasphemy under the 1821 affirmation of the 1642 blasphemy law. The law provided the maximum sentence of one-year imprisonment and a $100 fine. He was the first person convicted under the law and was sentenced to 10 days imprisonment. For his appeal, Mockus retained Theodore Schroeder of the Free Speech League as his attorney. He lost the appeal, but never served the sentence. Maine
In 1917, Mockus gave a series of lectures in Rumford, Maine on atheism. According to trial testimony, Mockus is alleged to have made the following eight statements:
(1) "Mary (meaning the Virgin Mary) had a beau.When her beau called one evening (both being young) he seduced her. He brought her a flower and put her in a family way. No woman can give birth to a child without a man." (2) "The father of Christ was a young Jew and was no Angel Gabriel. Any girl who wants a child can call a Gabriel or some John." (3) "Religion, capitalism, and government are all damned humbugs, liars, and thieves. Those three classes combine into one organization.(4) "All religions are a deception of the people." (5) "A young man came

masks: Mockus Mockus


texts: to Mary during the night, and, coming near her with a flower in his hand, took her by the hand and said: 'Sh; sh.' Look how the priests teach you, the falsifiers, thieves. It is not possible that he could be of the Holy Ghost, there must be a man. A young Jew was the father of the Christ. No woman can have a child without a man; that never happened and never can happen." (6) "You see the Trinity (pointing to a picture of God, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Ghost, which he had caused to be thrown upon a screen), God the Father, Ghost, and Son, a young Jew, but that old man never was and never can be; if he was God from the Ghost, then where did that belly button come from which is sprouted like a button?Bear in mind that the black army is a trinity, clergy, capitalism, and government; they govern the world together." (7) "There is no truth in the Bible; it is only monkey business. Religion, capitalism, and government are a black army and only profiteer from the poor people. You see here (pointing to a picture of God, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Ghost, which he had caused to be thrown upon a screen) scarecrows. Here is God the Father, Son, and Ghost, a whole Trinity, just as the priest, capitalists, and government. How can the Holy Ghost be God when she is afraid a cat will kill her? And do you believe in these scarecrows?"(8) "You see this fool (pointing to a picture of Jesus Christ upon the cross, with the private parts of his body covered with a cloth, which he had caused to be thrown upon a screen) and you believe in Him. The women were sorry for the holy thing and covered the holy


texts:
 thing, while the rest of the body was left uncovered." <mask> was arrested under Maine's blasphemy law which reads: "Blasphemy may be committed either by using profanely insolent and reproachful language against God, or by contumeliously reproaching Him, His creation, government, final judgment of the world, Jesus Christ, the Holy Ghost, or the Holy Scriptures as contained in the canonical books of the Old and New Testament, or by exposing any of these enumerated Beings or Scriptures to contempt and ridicule, and it is not necessary for the state to prove the doing of all of them." He was found guilty by a jury trial in 1917 for his eight statements. An appeal of the conviction went to the Supreme Judicial Court of Maine as State v. Mockus. The conviction was upheld by that body on March 25, 1921. See also
 Anthony Bimba

References

Further reading
 Columbia Law Review, "Blasphemy,'" Columbia Law Review, vol.70, no. 4 (April 1970), pp. 694–733. In JSTOR
 William Wolkovich, Bay State "Blue" Laws and Bimba. Brockton, MA: Forum Press of Brockton, n.d. [1973]. 1864 births
1939 deaths
Atheists of the Russian Empire
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States
People prosecuted for


texts:
<mask><mask> (May 20, 1894 – August 10, 1988) was an American journalist, novelist, and screenwriter. She wrote a number of screenplays for silent movies but is best remembered for her groundbreaking exploits as "The World's Greatest Girl Reporter" during the 1920s and 1930s and her celebrity interviews for Photoplay magazine. Early life
St<mask> was born in Los Angeles, the only daughter of Los Angeles criminal lawyer <mask> (who was a friend of publishing magnate William Randolph Hearst) and his wife, Harriet Belle Greene. She attended Hollywood High School, graduating in 1910. Career

She obtained her first job in 1912 working as a reporter for Hearst's San Francisco Examiner. She reported on crime, politics, society, and sports news before transferring to the Los Angeles Herald in 1913. After seeing her work for that newspaper, James R. Quirk offered her a job writing for his new fan magazine Photoplay.St. Johns accepted the job so she could spend more time with her husband and children. Her celebrity interviews helped the magazine become a success through her numerous revealing interviews with Hollywood film stars. She also wrote short stories for Cosmopolitan, The Saturday Evening Post, and other magazines and finished nine of her thirteen screenplays before returning to reporting for Hearst newspapers. Writing in a distinctive, emotional style, St. Johns reported on, among other subjects, the controversial Jack Dempsey–Gene Tunney "long-count" fight in 1927, the treatment of the poor during the Great Depression, and the 1935 trial of Bruno Richard Hauptmann for kidnapping and

masks:
Adela Nora Rogers St
. Johns
. Johns
Earl Rogers


texts:
 murdering the son of Charles Lindbergh. In the mid-1930s, she moved to Washington, D.C., to report on national politics for the Washington Herald. There she became prominent among a group of female reporters working for Cissy Patterson. Her coverage of the assassination of Senator Huey Long in 1935, the abdication of King Edward VIII in 1936, the Democratic National Convention of 1940, and other major stories made her one of the best-known reporters of the day.St. Johns again left newspaper work in 1948 in order to write books, and to teach journalism at UCLA. In 1962, she published Final Verdict, a biography of her father <mask>. The book was adapted for a TNT television film of the same name in 1991; Olivia Burnette portrayed the young St. Johns. Later years
St. Johns was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom on April 22, 1970. During the late 1960s and 1970s, St. Johns was a frequent guest on various talk shows including both Jack Paar's and Johnny Carson's The Tonight Show and The Merv Griffin Show. During one Tonight Show visit, Paar noted that St. Johns had known many legends of Hollywood's Golden Age and was once rumored to have had Clark Gable's child. St. Johns quipped, "Well, who wouldn't have wanted to have Clark Gable's baby?"Paar inquired if there was anything she wanted to do that she had not yet done in her rather incredible life, St. <mask> replied, "I just want to live long enough to see how it all turns out." In 1976, at the age of 82, she returned to reporting for the Examiner to cover the bank robbery and conspiracy trial of Patty Hearst, granddaughter of her

masks:
Earl Rogers
Johns


texts:
 former employer. In the late 1970s, St. <mask> hosted a miniseries chronicling Gable's films, which appeared on Iowa Public Television. Around the same time she was interviewed for the television documentary series Hollywood: A Celebration of the American Silent Film (1980). The following year, St. <mask> appeared with other early 20th-century figures as one of the 'witnesses' in Warren Beatty's Reds (1981). St. <mask> spent her remaining years living in Arroyo Grande, California. Personal life
St. <mask> was married three times and had four children.Her first marriage was to Los Angeles Herald chief copy editor William Ivan St<mask>, whom she married in 1914. They had two children, Elaine and William Ivan, Jr. before divorcing in 1927. The following year, she married one-time Stanford University football star Richard Hyland. They had one son, Richard, and divorced in 1934. St. Johns' third marriage was to F. Patrick O'Toole, an airline executive. They married in 1936 and divorced in October 1942. After her third divorce, St. Johns adopted a son as a single parent.Death
On August 10, 1988, St<mask> died at the South County Convalescent Hospital in Arroyo Grande, California at the age of 94. She is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California. Bibliography
 The Skyrocket (Cosmopolitan, 1925) [novel]
 A Free Soul (Cosmopolitan, 1927) [novel]
 The Single Standard (Grosset & Dunlap, 1928) [novelization of her screenplay]
 Field of Honor (E.P. Dutton, 1938) [novel]
 The Root of All Evil (E.P. (1932)
 Miss Fane's Baby Is Stolen (1934)
 A Woman's Man (1934)
 A Star Is Born

masks:
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
. Johns
. Johns


texts:
 (1937, uncredited)
 Back in Circulation (1937)
 The Great Man's Lady (1942)
 Government Girl (1943)
 That Brennan Girl (1946)
 Smart Woman (1948)
 The Girl Who Had Everything (1953, based on her novel A Free Soul)

Teleplays
 General Electric Theater (Episode: "The Crime of Daphne Rutledge", 1954)
 Alfred Hitchcock Presents (Episode: "Never Again", 1955)

Footnotes

References
 Herbert Howe, "Photoplay's Hollywood Astronomers: 'Our Adela'," Photoplay, November 1923, p. 54. Biography. The Honeycomb, Doubleday & Company, Garden City, New York, 1969, pp.207, 228. External links

 <mask> <mask><mask> at the Women Film Pioneers Project
 "Jean Harlow Tells the Inside Story; For the First Time the Platinum Venus of the Screen Explains the Mystery of Her Husband's Suicide" by <mask> <mask><mask>. Liberty, November 26, 1932

1894 births
1988 deaths
20th-century American novelists
20th-century American biographers
American women biographers
20th-century American memoirists
Screenwriters from California
American television writers
American women novelists
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
American gossip columnists
American women columnists
Hollywood High School alumni
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
University of California, Los Angeles faculty
Writers from Los Angeles
American women screenwriters
American women memoirists
American women essayists
20th-century American women writers
People from Arroyo Grande, California
Novelists from California
Women film pioneers
20th-century American essayists
American women television writers
20th-century American

masks:
Adela
Rogers St
. Johns
Adela
Rogers St
. Johns


texts:
<mask>, (born McKnight, previously Pavlat, 28 June 1944 – 22 March 2015), was a science fiction fan, con-runner, and promoter of science fiction fandom. She made memorable contributions to Noreascon III in Boston, the 1989 Worldcon, partnering with Fred Isaacs in conceptualizing the ConCourse, a new feature for Worldcons. A Vice Chair of the 1993 Worldcon, ConFrancisco, she served briefly as Acting Chair after the Chairman died, until a new chairman was appointed. In 1998 she chaired BucConeer, the 56th Worldcon in Baltimore. She served as North American agent for the first Worldcon to be held in Japan, Nippon 2007; in 2010 co-chaired, and 2011 and 2012 chaired the SFWA Nebula Awards Weekends; and was Fan Guest of Honor at Chicon 7, the 70th Worldcon, held in 2012. She co-chaired the 2014 World Fantasy Convention just months before she died due to complications from heart surgery. Early life and family
Sapienza was born on June 28, 1944, outside of Philadelphia, to Jack and Buddie McKnight, both members of the Philadelphia Science Fiction Society (PSFS).Her stepmother, Ann Newell McKnight, was also a member of PSFS, and her stepfather, Bill Evans, was active in the Washington Science Fiction Association (WSFA). When she was 9 years old she watched as her father, Jack McKnight, spent most of the 1953 Worldcon in his metal shop machining the first Hugo Award rockets, which he had been recruited to do at the last minute, making it to the Convention just in time for the Hugo Ceremony. A few years later, at the age of 12, she attended her first science fiction convention, Philcon, with her parents, and at the age of 16, she attended Pittcon, her first World Science Fiction Convention (Worldcon), where she met her future husband, Robert K. (Bob) Pavlat. From the mid-1960s on, <mask> was an active member of WSFA, attended conventions across the country, and often found herself on the con committee. She was active in the PSFS in the late 1950s, where

masks:
Peggy Rae Sanza
Peggy Rae


texts:
 she served as Secretary and Vice President, and she was active in fanzine fandom in the 1960s and beyond. Marriage, children, and fandom
She married fan Bob Pavlat, who was nearly 20 years her senior, in 1964, and they settled into the Washington DC suburbs and had two children, Melissa (Missy) and Eric. Starting in the 1960s she published several fanzines, including 7 issues of "etwas" from 1960 - 1963, Of Cabbages and Kings (and Baby Turtles) 1969–1996, Of Members and Zines (and Egoboo Polls) c 1968 +, and the fapazine Adventures on Earth, 1999–2004.Science fiction was not her only interest; she was also active in local politics, serving as a legislative assistant to Frank Pesci, Maryland State Delegate from Prince George's County, working with the League of Women Voters of Prince George's County, serving as district leader for the 1976 presidential campaign of Mo Udall, and once running for a seat on the County Council. In the 1980s, Maryland Governor Harry Hughes appointed her to the Maryland State Board of Elections, where in January 1995, she cast the tie-breaking vote validating the gubernatorial election of Parris Glendening over Ellen Sauerbrey. Glendening had won by 5993 votes, but Sauerbrey had contested both in court and to the Board. She also served as the president of the Parent-Teacher Association for her children's school for several years in the 1970s, served on the Prince George's County Community Mental Health Advisory Board, volunteered at the Paint Branch Unitarian Universalist Church for twenty years, and volunteered completing taxes for the elderly later in life. In 1963 she served on the Con Committee for the first Worldcon held in Washington DC, Discon I, and she did it again for Discon II in 1974. She continued to serve on Worldcon Con Committees regularly for the next four decades, all over the United States and beyond, including Constellation, in 1983, in Baltimore, Maryland. At Constellation, she was in charge of


texts:
 Programming and Special Events.In that position, she revived the one-off idea from a previous WorldCon  of running an entire schedule of children's programming. Children's programming has since become a staple of WorldCons. Her husband, Bob, died suddenly only months before Constellation. With help from her staff and committee she was able to pull through. She and Bob were jointly awarded the Big Heart Award there, one of fandom's highest honors, but she was now widowed at the age of 38, with 2 children to raise. The following year she went to work as a contractor for the United States government in Washington, D.C., as a UNIX Administrator for OSHA. Running conventions
At Noreascon III in Boston in 1989, she and Fred Isaacs ran the “Second Floor Division", which included Exhibits, Registration, the Dealers’ Room, Information, Press Relations and the Newsletter.She also conceptualized and managed the ConCourse for which Noreascon III was known. She chaired Disclave, the DC Regional SF convention, in 1991: the 9th SMOFCon, held in New Orleans in 1992: and SMOFCon 22, held in Washington DC in 2004. She served as vice-chairman for ConFrancisco, the 1993 Worldcon in San Francisco, stepping in to serve as interim chair when the Chairman died suddenly. Sapienza helped organize the first FanHistoricon, which took place May 1994, in Hagerstown, MD. Her goal was to create some kind of umbrella organization to oversee existing fan history activities, and to come up with ideas for new ones. FanHistoricon wasn't a convention, it was more of a workshop to establish a structure for the new organization, which became The Society for the Preservation of the History of Science Fiction Fandom, aka the Timebinders. Her many accomplishments in fandom were crowned by her election as Chair of Bucconeer, the 1998 Worldcon in Baltimore, by the Baltimore in 1998 Worldcon Bid Committee.She was instrumental in forming the Baltimore Washington Area Worldcon Association


texts:
 (BWAWA) in the wake of BucConeer. For several years after, BWAWA continued administration of the Young Writers' contest which had been started for BucConeer. As a 501(c)(3) BWAWA was able to sponsor other fannish pursuits such as organizing SFWA's Awards Weekends in 2010 and 2011, and the World Fantasy Convention in 2014. As an Officer of BWAWA, she was a key factor in the formation of DC17, a bid to bring the Worldcon back to Washington DC in 2017, which was launched in October 2013. DC17 lost the site selection vote held at Sasquan in August 2015. She married her second husband John Sapienza, a long-time RPG aficionado who had contributed to TSR's AD&D and Chaosium's RuneQuest, in 1999. Their honeymoon was in Australia, where not unexpectedly, Sapienza was recruited on short notice to coordinate volunteers at AussieCon III.More recently she was on the Bid Committee and represented Nippon, first for their Bid and then as a member of their Con Comm and  North American Agent, which bid for and won the right to hold the 65th World Science Fiction Convention in 2007. She not only became reasonably conversant in Japanese but also helped plan the program for the English-speaking portion of the convention. The Japanese language became a lifelong interest; upon her death in 2015, a Japanese-language instructional CD was found inserted in her car's CD player. Mowing <mask>'s lawn
Sometime in the nineties, when a fan arrived at Sapienza's house early for a con–planning meeting and found her gardening, he pitched in to help, and one by one the other committee members did so too, as they arrived. Joe Mayhew warned people that if Baltimore won the 1998 Worldcon, all the committee members would wind up mowing <mask>'s lawn. Thus was born the phrase “I mowed <mask>'s Lawn,” which indicated that people were sucked in when <mask> looked at them and said, with a big smile on her face, “You know, I think you would be good at…”

In 2012, at Chicon 7, she was

masks:
Peggy Rae
Peggy Rae
Peggy Rae
Peggy Rae


texts:
 honored as the Fan Guest of Honor. Her display in the Exhibits area consisted of a patch of astroturf surrounded by picket fences and park benches.Sitting in the middle of the patch was a small toy lawnmower, to give everyone at the con the chance to mow <mask>'s lawn. Legacy
She and John endowed a scholarship at the University of Maryland, her alma mater, for a student majoring in economics "to help facilitate the education of a hardworking student and encourage him or her toward graduation" (Sapienza had graduated summa cum laude with a B.A. in economics). On June 5, 2015, Chicon 7 created the <mask> Sapienza Endowment to benefit the special collections library at Northern Illinois University, using the last of Chicon 7's surplus funds. Chicon 7 Chair Dave McCarty announced the initial endowment of $25,000 during the Nebula Awards Weekend reception  at The Palmer House Hilton in Chicago. The endowment is intended to advance the library's efforts to collect materials related to SF, fantasy, and horror, and to make those materials available to the public. In a tribute to her on his blog, Whatever, John Scalzi wrote: "...I considered <mask> a friend, and deeply admired her competence and her cheerfulness in being so.If <mask> was running things, basically, I felt in safe hands. She’ll be remembered ...by all of science fiction fandom." Awards
In January 2017 <mask> Sapienza was announced as the recipient of the SFWA's Kate Wilhelm Solstice Award with the following citation: "The Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA) is pleased to announce that <mask> <mask> has been named the recipient of the Kate Wilhelm Solstice Award to honor her activities in support of science fiction and fantasy.The Kate Wilhelm Solstice Award is given by SFWA for distinguished contributions to the science fiction and fantasy community." References

Science fiction fans
University of Maryland, College Park alumni
2015 deaths
1944 births
Writers from

masks:
Peggy Rae
Peggy Rae
Peggy Rae
Peggy Rae
Peggy Rae
Peggy Rae
Sapienza


texts:
Beatrix "<mask>" <mask> (born 28 September 1981) is a German professional road racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's WorldTeam . The winner of the 2003 German National Road Race Championships, Worrack's career highlights included winning the 2005 Primavera Rosa (the women's Milan–San Remo), capturing the overall title at the 2004 Tour de l'Aude Cycliste Féminin and competing in the women's road race at five Summer Olympic Games between 2004 and 2020. Prior to announcing her retirement in 2021, Worrack took a total of 47 wins during her career, including the general classification at the Tour of California, and the Tour of Qatar, stages of the Giro d'Italia Femminile and the Holland Ladies Tour, and she also placed second in the inaugural Tour of Flanders for Women in 2004. In addition she was part of five women's team time trial world championship winning squads. She spent the earlier part of her career as a team leader before shifting towards a role as a domestique and road captain in later years. Career
Born in Cottbus, Worrack took up the sport as a teenager, and after a couple of years with her first club competed at the 1998 UCI Road World Championships in Valkenburg aan de Geul, where she won the gold in the junior time trial. In 2006, Worrack was selected as the German women's cyclist of the year.In November 2015 she was announced as part of the  team's inaugural squad for the 2016 season. In the 2016 edition of the Trofeo Alfredo Binda-Comune di Cittiglio, she suffered a ruptured kidney in a crash, leading to the kidney being removed. However she was able to return to competition and won the German National Time Trial Championships in June. She went on to compete for Germany at the 2016 Summer Olympics where she finished 43rd in the women's road race. Worrack competed in her final professional race in October 2021 at The Women's Tour, having initially planned to leave the women's peloton after the inaugural running of Paris–Roubaix a few days earlier. She had to postpone her final race by a few days due to injuries sustained by several of her  team-mates.

masks: Trixi Worrack


texts:
<mask> (, born 6 July 1999) is a Russian pair skater. With his skating partner, Daria Pavliuchenko, he is the 2020 European bronze medalist, the 2019 Internationaux de France and 2019 Skate America silver medalist, and the 2018 Grand Prix of Helsinki and 2018 Rostelecom Cup bronze medalist. Earlier in their career, they won gold at the 2018 World Junior Championships and bronze at the 2017 Junior Grand Prix Final. Personal life

<mask> was born on 6 July 1999 in Moscow. He has studied sports management at university, graduating with his degree in 2021. In August 2020, <mask> married retired ice dancer Betina Popova, though they did not announce this until the following May. Career

Early years
<mask> began learning to skate in 2004.He trained as a single skater until 2015. He then switched to pair skating and teamed up with Maria Bogoslavskaia, with whom he skated during the 2015–2016 season. <mask> and Daria Pavliuchenko teamed up in 2016, coached by Sergei Dobroskokov and Sergei Rosliakov in Moscow. The pair placed fifth at the 2017 Russian Junior Championships. 2017–2018 season: World Junior title
Pavliuchenko/<mask> made their international debut in late September 2017 at a Junior Grand Prix (JGP) competition in Minsk, Belarus. They outscored their teammates, Anastasia Poluianova / Dmitry Sopot, by about four points to win the gold medal. After taking silver at their next JGP assignment, in Gdańsk, Poland, they qualified to the Junior Grand Prix Final.At the final, held in December in Nagoya, Japan, the pair placed third in the short program, with a fall by Pavliuchenko on the throw jump, and second in the free skate. They received the bronze medal, finishing third behind Australia's Ekaterina Alexandrovskaya / Harley Windsor

masks:
Denis Sergeevich Khodykin
Khodykin
Khodykin
Khodykin
Khodykin
Khodykin


texts:
 and Russia's Apollinariia Panfilova / Dmitry Rylov. Later that month, Pavliuchenko/Khodykin competed on the senior level, at the 2018 Russian Championships. Ranked sixth in both segments, they finished sixth overall behind Aleksandra Boikova / Dmitrii Kozlovskii. In January, they won the Russian junior title by a margin of more than eleven points. In March, they won gold at the 2018 World Junior Championships in Sofia, Bulgaria. Ranked first in both segments, they outscored the other medalists by more than twelve points.Together with Polina Kostiukovich / Dmitrii Ialin and Anastasia Mishina / Aleksandr Galiamov, they produced a Russian sweep of the pairs' podium. 2018–2019 season
Pavliuchenko/<mask> started their international senior career at the 2018 CS Finlandia Trophy where they finished fifth. Two weeks later they won their first international senior medal (bronze) at the 2018 Ice Star. In early November they made their Grand Prix debut at 2018 Grand Prix of Helsinki where they won the bronze medal with a personal best score of 185.61 points. In mid November they won their second Grand Prix bronze medal of the season at the 2018 Rostelecom Cup with a personal best score of 190.01 points. They ranked third in the short program and fourth in the free skate and won the bronze medal behind their teammates Evgenia Tarasova / Vladimir Morozov (gold) and Nicole Della Monica / Matteo Guarise (silver). With 2 Grand Prix bronze medals they qualified for the 2018–19 Grand Prix Final, where they finished sixth.At the 2019 Russian Championships, Pavliuchenko/<mask> finished fourth. When Natalya Zabiyako / Alexander Enbert withdrew from the 2019 European Championships, Pavliuchenko/<mask> were named as their replacements on the Russian

masks: Khodykin Khodykin Khodykin


texts:
 team. They placed fifth in the short program, sixth in the free skate, and fifth overall. In the free skate, Pavliuchenko fell on their throw triple loop, which she attributed to a lack of confidence on her part. Khodykin called the European Championships a valuable experience. 2019–2020 season
Beginning the Grand Prix at 2019 Skate America, Pavliuchenko/<mask> won the silver medal after finishing second in the short program and third in the free skate, after a fall on a throw triple flip. At their second event, the 2019 Internationaux de France, they led the field after the short program but dropped to second place in the free skate after Pavliuchenko fell on both their triple flip jump and a throw triple loop.Despite the errors Pavliuchenko indicated she was pleased with the results. Qualifying to their second Grand Prix Final, Pavliuchenko/Khodykin placed third in the short programs, four points clear of the fourth-place Mishina/Galliamov and only two points back of first. The free skate proved difficult, with Pavliuchenko falling twice, once in their opening transitional moves and once on their throw triple flip, in addition to a smaller error on their twist lift. Sixth in the free, they dropped to sixth overall. She remarked afterward that the opening fall had discomfited her going into the later elements, adding "I hope it won’t happen again. I will work on it." Skating cleanly in the short program at the 2020 Russian Championships, they placed third in the short program.Fourth in the free skate with only a minor error on one throw, they won the bronze medal overall. Pavliuchenko commented that "there were still some small errors, but finally we were able to put out a clean free skate again." Pavliuchenko/<mask> were named

masks: Khodykin Khodykin


texts:
 to the Russian team to the European Championships again, and placed second in the short program after a lift error by Tarasova/Morozov unexpectedly knocked them into third place. Third in the free skate with one throw fall, they won the bronze medal overall after Tarasova/Morozov recovered their place. This proved to be their final competition for the season, as they had been assigned to compete at the World Championships in Montreal, but these were cancelled as a result of the coronavirus pandemic. 2020–2021 season
Pavliuchenko/<mask> debuted their programs at the senior Russian test skates. Competing on the domestic Cup of Russia series, they won gold medals at the second stage in Moscow and the third stage in Sochi.They were scheduled to compete on the Grand Prix, but withdrew after Khodykin contracted an acute respiratory infection. It was subsequently revealed that both skaters had in fact contracted COVID-19. Returning to the ice for the 2021 Russian Championships, Pavliuchenko/<mask> placed third in the short program with a clean skate. Third in the free skate as well, they won their second consecutive national bronze medal. Khodykin expressed satisfaction and their overcoming "a long period of poor long programs." Following the national championships, Pavliuchenko/<mask> participated in the 2021 Channel One Trophy, a televised team competition held in lieu of the cancelled European Championships. They were selected for the Red Machine team captained by Alina Zagitova, and placed fourth in both segments of the event, while the Red Machine won the trophy.Following this, they were set to compete at the Russian Cup Final, which was widely perceived as a contest between them and Mishina/Galliamov for the third Russian pairs


texts:
 berth for the 2021 World Championships in Stockholm. Pavliuchenko fell on their throw jump in the short program at the Final, resulting in them placing ten points behind Mishina/Galliamov in that segment. Second as well in the free skate, they took the Final silver. Pavliuchenko contracted mononucleosis in March, necessitating further time away from training. 2021–2022 season
Pavliuchenko and <mask> withdrew from the senior Russian test skates, citing illness. Returning to competition on the Grand Prix, Pavliuchenko/<mask> took the silver medal at the 2021 Skate Canada International. They struggled in the free program with errors on two jumps and a throw.Khodykin said after "our free program was bad and we know this. We know why and what to do and how to work to be better and to skate cleaner." They won another silver medal at their second event, the 2021 Rostelecom Cup. The results qualified them for the Grand Prix Final, to be held in Osaka, but it was subsequently cancelled due to restrictions prompted by the Omicron variant. At the 2022 Russian Championships, Pavliuchenko/<mask> placed fifth in the short program after a jump stepout from <mask>. Pavliuchenko made two jump errors in the free skate, but they moved up to fourth in that segment and fourth overall. Programs
With Pavliuchenko

Competitive highlights
GP: Grand Prix; CS: Challenger Series; JGP: Junior Grand Prix

With Pavliuchenko

Detailed results
Small medals for short and free programs awarded only at ISU Championships.With Pavliuchenko

Senior level

Junior level

References

External links

1999 births
Russian male pair skaters
World Junior Figure Skating Championships medalists
Living people
Figure skaters from Moscow
European Figure Skating Championships

masks: Khodykin Khodykin Khodykin Khodykin


texts:
Edward Mills "<mask>" <mask> (June 15, 1932 – August 8, 1972) was an American boxer, who was born in Redding, California, on June 15, 1932. He was one of 6 children of a rural mail carrier. <mask> dropped out of high school and became an amateur boxer. However, after just 3 bouts he was arrested and convicted of armed robbery. After his release, he became a professional boxer, determined never to return to prison again. His 64-bout career began on March 22, 1955, and he went on to win his first 24 bouts. He was highly rated and fought most of the big names of his era.Professional career

Early career
<mask> often fought at Civic Auditorium or the Cow Palace in San Francisco. His first bout was with fellow first-timer Raul Flores, whom he knocked out in the first round. He had eleven fights in 1955 and the six-feet, 195-pounder won them all, ten by knockout or technical knockout. He had eight more wins in 1956 against better competition. In 1957, he won all five fights he had, including two over former light heavyweight champion Joey Maxim. The Maxim wins made him a ranked contender. Around this time he was considered by some to be the perfect fighting machine.In April 1958, he met highly ranked Zora Folley and fought to a draw over 12 rounds. But he was then knocked out in one round by undefeated future heavyweight champion Ingemar Johansson, in September. After being caught flush by an early unexpected big right hand <mask> was floored three times, the last for some minutes. On the comeback trail in 1959, <mask> posted seven straight wins to return him to contention. In January 1960, he lost a decision to Folley at the Cow Palace. Later that year he met ring legend and future champion, Sonny Liston, and although he lost by a clear 12-round unanimous decision, fought a sharp hit and move match that many believed was later studied by heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali. Liston was penalized three times for low blows in that match, a sign of exasperation.1961 began with two wins, then a very

masks: Eddie Machen Machen Machen Machen Machen


texts:
 controversial loss to Harold Johnson by decision. Again, he came back with three very good wins, including a decision over undefeated Doug Jones. In 1962, <mask> had two more wins before he had a draw with high-ranked big hitter Cleveland Williams in Houston in July 1962. In 1963 he resumed fighting and scored four straight knockouts to finish the year. He fought just twice in 1964, battling his personal issues. One was a win, the other a close 12-round loss to another former heavyweight champion, Floyd Patterson in Sweden in July 1964. Title shot and late career
In 1965, <mask>  received his first world title shot when he and 6' 6" Ernie Terrell met for the vacated World Boxing Association title that had been stripped from Muhammad Ali.Terrell won the 15-round decision. In 1966 he lost a decision to German southpaw Karl Mildenberger in Germany, then lost a close split-decision to powerful slugger Manuel Ramos. But he closed that year with two wins, one particularly notable over future contender Jerry Quarry, which was Quarry's first defeat

Versus Joe Frazier
In late 1966, <mask> fought young future heavyweight champion Joe Frazier and lost in a tenth-round technical knockout. Downed in the first round, <mask> rallied, but Frazier's continuous pressure lead to the referee intervening in the last round. Frazier was desperate for the win as he'd just come off a tough battle with Oscar Bonavena. Retirement
<mask> retired in 1967 at age 35 following consecutive losses to Henry Clark, Boone Kirkman and Joe Frazier. Health and death
<mask> was admitted to the Napa State Hospital in the fall of 1962 after threatening to commit suicide.Biographies state he suffered from clinical depression. He later filed for bankruptcy in 1966 and retired from boxing in 1967. His final record was 50-11-3, with 27 KOs. <mask> was found dead in San Francisco on August 8, 1972, apparently the result of a fall from a second story apartment window. He was 40 years old. It is not known if the cause of death was suicide,

masks:
Machen
Machen
Machen
Machen
Machen
Machen
Eddie Machen


texts:
<mask> (27 February 1937 – 22 July 2019) was a German poet, author, journalist, editor, and literary critic. He wrote several documentaries, including ones about Ingeborg Bachmann and <mask>. He wrote for the German weekly newspapers Der Spiegel and Die Zeit, among others. From 1964 to 2002, Hamm worked as contributing editor for culture for the broadcaster Bayerischer Rundfunk. He was also a jury member of literary prizes, and critic for a regular literary club of the Swiss television company Schweizer Fernsehen. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Munich in 1937. His mother died in 1940, and he grew up with her parents in Weingarten, Oberschwaben, and in several Catholic boarding schools.He dropped out of school at age 14. He worked on a farm and began as an apprentice to be a bookseller, but did not complete it. Career
His first published poems appeared in the literary magazine Akzente in 1954 when he was age 17 and in 1956  he was invited to read at the Gruppe 47. From 1959, he travelled to the GDR several times where he met authors such as  <mask> and Sarah Kirsch. He met Paul Celan in Paris. He studied literature not at universities, but by means of direct communication with authors, including Nelly Sachs, with whom he corresponded. Hamm worked for the publisher  from 1959 to 1960.He then was a freelance writer and journalist, publishing literary and music criticism in Der Spiegel and Die Zeit, among others. From 1964 to 2002, Hamm worked as Kulturredakteur (contributing editor for culture) for the Bayerischer Rundfunk. He wrote several television documentaries, including portraits of Ingeborg Bachmann, Heinrich Böll, <mask> and Martin Walser.

masks:
Peter Hamm
Peter Handke
Hamm
Peter Huchel
Peter Handke


texts:
 <mask> was a member of the Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung from 1991, serving as its vice president, and of the Bayerische Akademie der Schönen Künste from 1996. He was a member of the German section of the Pen Zentrum. He was a jury member of the Petrarca-Preis, the Peter-Huchel-Preis and of the monthly Preis der SWR-Bestenliste, among others. He belonged to the critics team of the monthly Literaturclub of the Schweizer Fernsehen from 1990 to 2014.He received the Grimme-Preis in 1976 for Die verbotene Schönheit, a film about Hans Werner Henze. Personal life and death
Since the 1970s, Hamm had been the partner of Marianne Koch. They lived in Tutzing. Hamm died on 22 July 2019. A cause of death was not given. Published works

Poetry collections
 Sieben Gedichte, (cover: HAP Grieshaber). Stierstadt im Taunus (Eremiten-Presse) 1958

 Der Balken, Gedichte.Munich - Vienna (Carl Hanser Verlag) 1981
 Die verschwindende Welt, Gedichte, Hanser 1985
 Die verschwindende Welt, Gedichte, Frankfurt am Main (Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag) 1988
 Den Traum bewahren, Gedichte und Essays, editor: Gisela Lindner, Friedrichshafen 1989

Essay collections
 Der Wille zur Ohnmacht, Munich - Vienna (Edition Akzente, Carl Hanser Verlag) 1992
 Aus der Gegengeschichte / Lobreden und Liebeserklärungen, Munich - Vienna n (Edition Akzente Carl Hanser Verlag) 1997
 Die Kunst des Unmöglichen oder Jedes Ding hat (mindestens) drei Seiten. Aufsätze zur Literatur., Munich - Vienna (Edition Akzente Carl Hanser Verlag) 2007
 Pessoas Traum oder: "Sei vielgestaltig wie das Weltall!" Aufsätze zur Literatur., Munich - Vienna (Edition Akzente Carl Hanser Verlag) 2012
 Ins Freie! Wege, Umwege und


texts:
 Irrwege in der modernen Schweizer Literatur., Zürich (Limmat Verlag) 2014
 <mask> und kein Ende. Stationen einer Annäherung.. Wallstein, Göttingen 2017,

Essay

 Untröstlichkeit und Trost – eulogy for the recipient of the Herbert von Karajan Music Prize, Alfred Brendel, in Alfred Brendel zu Ehren, Warmbronn (Verlag Ulrich Keicher) 2009

Talks as books
 <mask> / <mask>m: Es leben die Illusionen – Gespräche in Chaville und anderswo. Göttingen (Wallstein Verlag) 2006
 French edition: Vive les illusions! Entretiens.Traduit de l'allemand par Anne Weber. Paris (Christian Bourgois Éditeur) 2008
 Spanish edition: Vivan las ilusiones – Conversaciones en Chaville Y en otros lugares. Traducción de Eustaquio Barjau. Valencia (De la Presente Edición: Pre-Textos) 2011
 Thomas Bernhard / <mask>: Sind Sie gern böse? Ein Nachtgespräch zwischen Thomas Bernhard und <mask> im Hause Bernhard in Ohlsdorf. Frankfurt am Main (Suhrkamp-Verlag) 2011
 Spanish edition: ?Le gusta ser malvado? Trad.del alemán por Miguel Sáenz. Madrid (Alianza Editorial) 2013

As editor
 Licht hinterm Eis – Schwedische Lyrik von 1900 – 1957. Auswahl und Übersetzung gemeinsam mit Stig Schönberg von <mask>. Stierstadt im Taunis (Verlag Eremiten Presse) 1957
 Die Kornblumen und die Städte – Tschechische Poesie unseres Jahrhunderts. Herausgegeben und übertragen gemeinsam mit Elisabeth Borchers von <mask>. Stierstadt im Taunus (Verlag Eremiten Presse) 1962
 Aussichten – Junge Lyriker des deutschen Sprachraums - vorgestellt von <mask>. Munich (Biederstein Verlag) 1966

 Welches Tier gehört zu dir?Eine poetische Arche Noah – errichtet von <mask>. Munich / Vienna (Carl Hanser Verlag) 1984
 Kennst du das Land, wo

masks:
Peter Handke
Peter Handke
Peter Ham
Peter Hamm
Peter Hamm
Peter Hamm
Peter Hamm
Peter Hamm
Peter Hamm


texts:
 die Zitronen blühn – Italien im deutschen Gedicht. Herausgegeben von <mask>m. Frankfurt am Main (Insel Verlag) 1987
 Kritik / von wem / für wen / wie – Eine Selbstdarstellung der Kritik. Herausgegeben von <mask>. Munich (Carl Hanser Verlag) 1968
 Spanish edition: Critica de la Critica. Barcelona (Barral) 1971
 Artur Lundkvist Gedichte, edited and with an epilogue by <mask>, Cologne – Berlin (Verlag Kiepenheuer & Witsch) 1963

 <mask> / Hermann Lenz: Briefwechsel.Mit einem Essay von <mask>m., Frankfurt am Main (Insel Verlag) 2006

TV film

 Alfred Brendel, Pianist. Ein Porträt., book and direction, 45’. Radio Bremen 1973
 Alfred Brendel spielt Schubert. TV series in 13 sequences, music and image direction, Radio Bremen (Studio Hamburg) 1976–1977
 Heinrich Böll – Nobelpreisträger, book and direction, 60', from the series Nobelpreisträger, Bavaria Produktionsgesellschaft 1974
 Die verbotene Schönheit – der Komponist Hans Werner Henze, book and direction, 90', Westdeutscher Rundfunk 1976 (Grimme-Preis)
 "Der ich unter Menschen nicht leben kann". Auf der Suche nach Ingeborg Bachmann., book and direction, 120', Westdeutscher Rundfunk / SWF 1980. "Ich stehe immer noch vor der Tür des Lebens". Robert Walser und die schöne Kunst des Unterliegens., book and direction, 120', SWF/WDR 1986

Films
 Die Moral der Ruth Halbfass, script, directed by Volker Schlöndorff, 1972
 Übernachtung in Tirol, script, directed by Schlöndorff, 1973

References

External links

 <mask>: "Das Zeitliche mit dem Ewigen verwechseln" (laudatio for Wulf Kirsten, in German) Evangelische Akademie Tutzing

1937 births
2019 deaths
Writers from Munich
German poets
Literary critics
Bayerischer

masks:
Peter Ham
Peter Hamm
Hamm
Peter Handke
Peter Ham
Peter Hamm


texts:
<mask> (2 September 1878 – 11 October 1972) was a German diplomat who served as the last German ambassador to France before World War II. Aristocrat
<mask> was born into an aristocratic family in Laband (modern Łabędy, Poland) in the Upper Silesia province of the Kingdom of Prussia, his parents being <mask>zfeld-Trachenberg and <mask>. Welczeck studied at the University of Bonn in Bonn and in 1897 joined the exclusive Corps Borussia Bonn student club, which was reserved for royalty and nobility at the time. Diplomat
In 1904, he joined the highly elitist Auswärtiges Amt (Foreign Office), one of the most prestigious branches of the state under the German Empire. In 1908, he became the first secretary to <mask>, the German ambassador to Chile. On 20 November 1910, he married Luisa Balmaceda y Fontecilla in Santiago, by whom he had four children. <mask>'s wife was a member of the powerful Balmaceda family, one of the most richest and influential families in Chile.Most of his duties in Chile concerned lobbying for arms contracts for German firms, most notably the firm of Krupp AG, the largest corporation in Europe and one of the world's biggest manufacturers of weapons. The Chilean Army had been trained by a German mlitary mission, and German influence was strong in Chile. In 1915, he became the Prussian charge d'affairs in Dresden, Saxony. In January 1917, upon the death of his father, he inherited the title of count, and was henceforward known as <mask> <mask>. From 1923 to 1925, he was the German minister in Budapest. From 1925 to 1936, he was the German ambassador in Madrid. In January 1926 he was involved in efforts to circumvent the disarmament clauses of the Treaty of Versailles by having the Deutsches Bank make a five million Reichmark loan via the Banco Aleman Transatlantico (which it owned) to the Spanish industrialist Horacio Echevarrieta, in exchange for which Echevarrieta opened up a torpedo factory for the Reichsmarine in Bilbao.From 9 May 1932 to 15 July 1932, he

masks:
Johannes Bernhard von Welczeck
Welczeck
Louise von Hat
Count Bernhard von Welczeck
Hans von und zu Bodman
Welczeck
Count von
Welczeck


texts: headed the German delegation at the World Disarmament Conference in Geneva. As someone from Upper Silesia, which had been partitioned between Germany and Poland in 1921, <mask> was well known for his ferocious hatred of Poles, and spent much of his time in Geneva clashing with the Polish foreign minister, August Zaleski, who headed  the Polish delegation. The American historian Carole Fink described <mask> as a "notorious Polonophobe" whose constant Polish-bashing did much to annoy the other delegates at the League of Nations. When the Sanation regime introduced a land reform law in the Polish Corridor to seize the land holdings of the Junker estates, <mask> represented Germany at the League of Nations Human Rights Committee, where he argued that the land reform in the Polish Corridor was targeting farms owned by Germans to "Polonise" the Corridor, thereby violating the Minorities Treaty, leading to a notable clash with Zaleski. Fink noted that through Welczeck had a strong case in that the land reform had largely exempted the estates owned by the szlachta, he weakened it by his strident and shill manner while Zaleski made a better impression by being calm and conciliatory. In August 1933, <mask> returned to Germany for his first meeting with Adolf Hitler, where he spoke at much length about the "Bolshevik danger" in Spain. <mask> portrayed Spain on the brink of a Communist revolution, describing as a nation hard hit by the Great Depression where many of the unemployed were joining the Spanish Communist Party.<mask> wanted German intelligence to play a greater role in Spain. <mask> stated that Hitler met his plan "only half-way", agreeing to send Abwehr agents disguised as businessmen to Spain to monitor Spanish Communists and anarchists, but vetoed his plans for intelligence-sharing with the Spanish police. On 1 October 1934, <mask> joined the National Socialist German Workers Party. In 1934-35, <mask> was highly alarmed by social unrest in Spain and favored having General

masks: Welczeck Welczeck Welczeck Welczeck Welczeck Welczeck Welczeck Welczeck Welczeck


texts:
 Francisco Franco appointed minister of war. <mask> was obsessive in his fears of Communism in Spain, constantly warning Berlin that a revolution could take place at any moment and that all of the property and assets owned by German businesses in Spain would be lost. Ambassador in Paris
In April 1936, <mask> arrived in Paris as the new German ambassador. The French historian Lucas Delattre described <mask> as a "diplomat of the old school", being well known in Paris for his courtly, suave manners (albeit with an irascible streak) and his fluent French.Shortly after he arrived in Paris, the Front populaire won the French National Assembly election of 3 May 1936, leading to a coalition government headed by the Socialist leader Leon Blum coming to power. Through Blum was a Socialist and a Jew, <mask>'s relations with him were cordial enough. Blum found <mask> together with the Reichsbank president Hjalmar Schacht to be the more reasonable sort of Nazis, stating he considered both <mask> and Schacht to be "rational, civilized Europeans" whom it possible for him to negotiate with. Notably, Hitler refused to meet Blum under any conditions, and as such Welczeck became Blum's main conduit with the German government. As the former ambassador to Spain, Welczeck played a major role as an adviser on Spanish affairs following the appeal for aid from the Spanish Nationalists in July 1936. Right from the start, <mask> favored aid to Franco over General Emilio Mola, the other leader of the junta that had launched the botched coup d'etat of 17 July 1936 that caused the civil war. He was opposed to two messengers from Mola in Paris going on to Berlin in order to favor Franco, successfully arguing for the Reich to deny permission for Mola's representatives to enter Berlin.<mask> initially advocated caution in Spain, believing that the junta of rebellious generals who just failed to overthrow the Second Spanish Republic would lose the civil war. More importantly, the new Popular Front government

masks: Welczeck Welczeck Welczeck Welczeck Welczeck Welczeck Welczeck Welczeck


texts: in Paris led by Premier Leon Blum had decided to aid the Spanish Republicans with military aid, which led him to fear that the civil war in Spain could cause a Franco-German war "prematurely" before German rearmament was completed. The news that Hitler had decided on 24 July 1936 to intervene in Spain caused him much worry. The fact that the Blum government under strong pressure from Britain agreed to a policy of non-intervention in Spain was a source of much relief for <mask>, who became more supportive of German intervention in Spain once it was clear that there was no danger of French intervention. However, even after the intervention occurred he cabled Berlin urging the government to limit the scale of the intervention and warning that the German Condor Legion air raids on Spain were causing the French Left to become more supportive of further intervention on behalf of the Republicans. In October 1936 in a meeting at the Reich Chancellery, Hitler told the French ambassador in Berlin, André François-Poncet, that France was on the brink of civil war and : "If Communism triumphed in France, it would be impossible for him, Hitler, to consider this event an internal French affair". The next day, the French Foreign Minister <mask> Delbos handed <mask> a note formally protesting against Hitler's statement, stating it was unacceptable for Hitler to make statements implying a right to intervene in French domestic affairs.<mask> defended Hitler, claiming despite what he had said to François-Poncet that Hitler was only engaging in "defensive measures" such as building the Siegfried Line in the newly remilitized Rhineland as he blamed problems in Franco-German relations entirely on the French. The meeting ended on an unfriendly tone with <mask> and Delbos arguing what Hitler had said. In December 1936, Delbos contracted <mask> with an offer to mediate an end to the Spanish Civil War. Provided that the civil war in Spain could be ended via Franco-German mediation, Delbos was willing

masks: Welczeck Yvon Welczeck Welczeck Welczeck Welczeck


texts: to discuss the return of the former German colonies in Africa held by France as League of Nations mandates, an end to the arms race, and an economic agreement to lower tariffs in order to end the trade wars in Europe. The introduction of the Four Year Plan in Germany in September 1936 had caused much alarm in France. This was especially the case as the Four Year Plan envisioned Germany becoming self-sufficient by developing substitutes for commonalties such as oil, even through it was likely to cost hundreds of millions of Reichmarks. In the 1930s, 80% of the oil Germany used was imported from the United States, Venezuela, and Mexico and Hitler's claim that Germany needed to be self-sufficient in artificial oil because of the alleged danger of the Soviet Navy seizing control of the North Atlantic was not widely believed in Paris.Within the French government, the implications of the Four Year Plan with its call for Germany to have a wartime economy by 1940 were well understood. To underscore the importance of the offer, on 18 December 1936, Blum met with <mask> to tell him that the entire French cabinet had approved of this offer, saying that provided that the Spanish civil war was ended, Germany would certainly have its former colonies in Africa returned. Blum further pointed out that because the German economy was three times larger than the French economy (which would ensure that in an economic union that the Reich would be the senior partner), that this was a major French concession and he expected Germany to do likewise by ending the Four Year Plan. <mask> was in favor of taking up the French offer, but the Foreign Minister, Baron <mask> Neurath was opposed, advising Adolf Hitler to reject it. In March 1937, Welczeck wrote bitterly that Germany had "missed the boat" by refusing to respond to Delbos' offer, just like it had in March 1918 when it launched Operation Michael, the offensive intended to win the First World War instead of negotiating peace. As the former

masks:
Welczeck
Welczeck
Konstantin von


texts: ambassador to Spain, Welczeck was regarded as the Spanish expert within the Auswärtiges Amt and warned Neurath against efforts to "reform" the Spanish Nationalists whom the Reich was backing in the civil war, stating that the Spanish generally disliked foreigners and would not accept the German advice to "reform". During the Sudetenland crisis of 1938, Welczeck did not see the French Foreign Minister, Georges Bonnet, between 30 April-27 May 1938, but met the Premier Daladier several times.On 2 September 1938, Bonnet told Welczeck that "France was definitely going to stand by its commitments". In September 1938, Welczeck reported that if Germany invaded Czechoslovakia, then France would almost certainly declare war on the Reich. On 7 November 1938, when going out for his morning walk on the streets of Paris, Welczeck by-passed Herschel Grynszpan on his way into the German embassy at 78 rue de Lille. Grynszpan, speaking to Welczeck in German said he needed to talk to "his excellency, the ambassador" about an urgent matter. Grynszpan had decided to assassinate the German ambassador to France, a task somewhat complicated by the fact that he did not know the name of the ambassador or what he looked like. Welczeck wore a swastika label pin on his coat, showing that he was a NSDAP party member and Grynszpan, who had grown up Jewish in the Third Reich, recognized that he must be someone connected with the embassy. The distance between the worlds of Welczeck, an aristocrat dressed in an expensive suit with a silver handle walking cane who spoke his German with an upper-class accent vs. Grynszpan, a stateless illegal immigrant living on the margins of French society dressed in cheap second-hand clothes who spoke his German with a working class accent could not have been greater.The fact that Grynszpan did not know the name of the ambassador or recognize that he was speaking to the ambassador, instead speaking only of "his excellency, the ambassador" led Welczeck to conclude that he


texts: was someone unimportant. Furthermore, spies do not normally tell strangers on the street that they are spies, which led Welczeck to doubt Grynszpan's claims to be a spy with a "most important document" he could only show to the ambassador. Unwilling to end his walk to talk to a teenager dressed in shabby clothes and an unlikely story about being a spy, Welczeck pointed to the embassy and said the ambassador was there; unknown to him, Grynszpan had a gun and was planning to assassinate him to protest the Reich's anti-Semitic policies. <mask> later snobbishly told the French police that he felt that Grynszpan was someone who was beneath him to speak to and he lied about not being the ambassador just to end the conversation. Grynszpan went into the embassy to ask to see the ambassador (whom he was unaware that he had just spoken to), claiming to be some sort of spy who had a secret document he could only show to the ambassador. Growing increasingly agitated when he learned that Welczeck was out for a walk, Grynszpan was ushered into the office of the third secretary Ernst vom Rath to show him his "most important document"; Rath would then decide whatever the document was important for him to show to Welczeck when he returned. Grynszpan, who had no documents instead pulled out his handgun and assassinated Rath, shooting him in his office.Grynszpan later told the French police that had he known that the elegant, dapper man with the swastika label pin whom he spoke with in front of the embassy was the ambassador, he would had killed him instead of Rath. In June 1939, the French expelled Otto Abetz for bribing two French newspaper editors into printing pro-National Socialist stories. The Foreign Minister, <mask> Ribbentrop, was furious with Welczeck when he was unable to persuade the French to take Abetz back. During the Danzig crisis of 1939, an Anglo-French effort was launched to construct a "peace front" intended to deter the Reich from war. On 28 July 1939, <mask> in a dispatch

masks:
Welczeck
Joachim von
Welczeck


texts:
 to Berlin stated he had learned from "an unusually well-informed source" that the French together with the British were sending military missions to Moscow to discuss having the Soviet Union join the "peace front". Welczeck stated that the French military mission was to be headed by General Doumenc, whom he described as "a particularly capable officer" and a former deputy chief of staff under the illustrious Marshal Maxime Weygand. On 30 July 1939, Welczeck reported that the current talks in Moscow were stalled owning to Anglo-Soviet differences of opinion, and the decision to send the military missions was a French initiative intended to break the impasse.<mask> added that he had the impression that the French were far more keen on having the Soviet Union join the "peace front" than the British. On 9 August 1939, Ribbentrop forbade Welczeck together with Hans-<mask> Moltke and <mask> Dirksen from returning from arriving to take their summer vacations in Germany. Ribbentrop wanted to block any peaceful effort to resolve the Danzig crisis, and believed that keeping the ambassadors out of Paris, Warsaw and London would hinder efforts at a peaceful resolution. In August 1940, <mask> returned to France to handle relations with the new Vichy regime established after the fall of the Third Republic, but was overshadowed by Abetz who replaced him as ambassador in November 1940. At the show trial planned for Grynszpan, <mask> was to serve as one of the star witnesses. Welczeck was to testify that Grynszpan was the "Jewish Gavrilo Princip" and that the assassination of Rath was to the origins of World War Two the same as the popular image of the impact of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand on the origins of World War One. In 1943, he retired from the Auswärtiges Amt.He died in his retirement in Marbella. References

Books and articles

1878 births
1972 deaths
Ambassadors of Germany to France
Ambassadors of Germany to Spain
Ambassadors of Germany to Hungary
20th-century

masks:
Welczeck
Adolf von
Herbert von
Welczeck
Welczeck


texts:
Dabayin Min (), commonly known as Naungdawgyi ( ; 10 August 1734 – 28 November 1763) was the second king of Konbaung Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar), from 1760 to 1763. He was a top military commander in his father Alaungpaya's reunification campaigns of the country. As king, he spent much of his short reign suppressing multiple rebellions across the newly founded kingdom from Ava (Inwa) and Toungoo (Taungoo) to Martaban (Mottama) and Chiang Mai. The king suddenly died less than a year after he had successfully suppressed the rebellions. He was succeeded by his younger brother Hsinbyushin. Early life
Naungdawgyi was born Maung Lauk () to Yun San and Aung Zeya (later King Alaungpaya) on 10 August 1736 (Tuesday, 11th waxing of Wagaung 1096 ME) in a small village of Moksobo, about 60 miles northwest of Ava (Inwa). He was the eldest child of the couple's nine children.In 1736, his father became the chief of Moksobo, and the deputy chief of the Mu valley, their home region. Lauk grew up during the period in which the royal authority of the king at Ava had largely dissipated across the kingdom. He watched helplessly as the Meiteis ransack his home region year after year, and could not understand why the king could not prevent these repeated raids. Their sense of helplessness only deepened in 1740, the Mon of Lower Burma broke away, and founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom centered in Pegu (Bago). Throughout his teens, Lauk and his fellow Upper Burmans watched how Pegu was


texts:
 increasingly winning the war against Ava. Heir-apparent and commander

By the time Peguan armies captured Ava in March 1752, his father had persuaded the people of Mu valley to join him in his resistance effort, declared himself king with the royal style of Alaungpaya, and founded the Konbaung Dynasty. As the eldest son, Naungdawgyi was appointed the heir apparent although their self-styled "kingdom" consisted of just 46 villages in the Mu valley.Still just 17, Naungdawgyi fought alongside his father's best commanders against the invading forces of Pegu. Though not as talented as his younger brother Hsinbyushin, two years his junior, Naungdawgyi proved to be a top military commander in his own right, leading armies in the Konbaung military campaigns that defeated the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom in 1757. He stayed behind managing the kingdom on his father's behalf during Alaungpaya's later campaigns: Manipur in 1758 and Siam (1759–1760). His father died from a sudden illness in the Siamese campaign in May 1760. Succession crisis
As the heir-apparent, Naugndawgyi was in line to succeed Alaungpaya who had pronounced that all of his six sons by his first wife would become king in the order of seniority. Yet the succession was not smooth. Throughout Burmese monarchy, succession was usually associated with rebellions by vassal kings and governors, coups, and/or bloody purges.Naungdawgyi's accession was no exception. The first threat to his authority came from his eldest


texts:
 younger brother Hsinbyushin, who sought the army's support for his attempt at the throne. Hsinbyushin did not get the support but Naungdawgyi forgave his brother at the queen mother's intercession. Naungdawgyi was crowned on 26 July 1760 at Sagaing, and ascended the Peacock throne at Shwebo on 9 February 1761 with the reign name of Thiri Pawara Maha Dhammayaza (; ). Following Alaungpaya's wishes, Hsinbyushin was made the heir-apparent. Rebellions
Naungdawgyi faced multiple rebellions during his short reign: one by Gen. Minkhaung Nawrahta (1761), two separate ones by the vassal states of Toungoo (1761–1762) and Lan Na (1761–1763). Another vassal state Manipur also came under attack by Manipuri rebels in 1763.Ava
Naungdawgyi forgave Hsinbyushin possibly because he was more concerned with a possible insurrection by the army. He had incurred distrust among the army command because he executed two of the generals he disliked as soon as he became king. One of his father's most trusted generals Minkhaung Nawrahta, with whom Naungdawgyi never got along, decided to rebel when he was summoned to see the new king. The general, who commanded deep respect among the troops, and his followers (12,000-strong) seized Ava on 25 June 1760. It took over five months for Naungdawgyi to retake the city in early December. The general was killed by a musket shot as he fled the city. Naungdawgyi was shaken by this tragedy, and was deeply remorseful at the death of one of his father's


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 brothers-in-arms.Toungoo
But worse was yet to come. In the following year, two vassal states, Toungoo and Lan Na, revolted. Manipur, another vassal state, came under attack by rebels. The leader of the Toungoo rebellion was none other than Naungdawgyi's uncle, Thado Theinkhathu, who along with a few senior army commanders had decided to challenge his nephew. The Toungoo rebellion was largely a protest at the treatment given to Minkhaung Nawrahta. Naungdawgyi with his army now marched to Toungoo, and laid siege to the city. (Hsinbyushin provided no help to his brother.)It was not until January 1762 that the city surrendered. Weary over the developments, Naungdawgyi pardoned his uncle and the commanders. (Among the pardoned officers included the likes of Balamindin who would go on to lead the army in future wars.) Lan Na and Martaban
While Naungdawgyi was laying siege to the Toungoo, the vassal king loyal of Lan Na at Chiang Mai was overthrown. (Southern Lan Na had come back to the fold only in 1757. Prior, the Ping valley of southern Lan Na had been in revolt since 1725.) The leader of the rebellion, Chao Khihut, immediately began defensive preparations, as well as implementing a preemptive offensive strategy.Khihut allowed Talaban, the top Restored Hanthawaddy general who had been on the run, to use Chiang Mai as his base to raise an army to launch an attack. In late 1761, Talaban and his army entered Martaban (Mottama), and for a time, appeared to distract Naungdawgyi's


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 army at Toungoo. But Talaban's army could not rally greater support among the Mon population in Lower Burma, and was driven back. Talaban fell back to the jungle between the Salween (Thanlwin) and Moei rivers (present-day Mon State and Kayin State), reduced to conducting guerrilla warfare. After Toungoo was captured, Naungdawgyi then sent an 8000-strong army to Chiang Mai. The Burmese army captured Chiang Mai in early 1763, and marched right up to the Chinese frontier, demonstrating Burmese control over the entire region. By then, Talaban had also been captured.The army actually caught Talaban's family first. Talaban came out from hiding and offered his life in return for his family. Struck by chivalry, Naungdawgyi released them all, and took Talaban into his service. Manipur
By early 1763, Naungdawgyi had suppressed all the rebellions. Unbeknown to him, Manipur was to be the next trouble spot. In April 1763, the Manipuri king who was driven out by Alaungpaya in 1758 tried to invade his former kingdom with an army that also included a small detachment of English East India Company troops. He had received the Company's support in September 1762.But the invading army never made it to Manipur as it got bogged down on their way in Cachar. The English detachment was unprepared to march in terrible terrain. Anglo-Burmese relations
Fresh off the Negrais affair, the Anglo-Burmese relations remained decidedly frosty. While <mask> was laying siege to Ava, in September 1760, he


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 received the English East India Company envoy Captain Walter Alves whose mission was to demand reparations for the Burmese sack of the English colony at Negrais in October 1759. The king refused to consider the demand but agreed to release English prisoners. He asked to resume trade as he was in urgent need of munitions. The English, still amid the Seven Years' War, did not deem the Burma trade profitable enough to resume trade.Instead, the English entered into an agreement with the fugitive Manipuri king to provide military assistance in exchange for land and trade privileges. On 4 September 1762, the Company signed an agreement to provide a contingent of troops to drive out the Burmese from Manipur. In return, the Manipuri rebels promised to cede in perpetuity a rent-free land at a suitable place in Manipur for the installation of a factory and a fort, and also provide every facility for the promotion of trade with China. The Manipuris not only agreed to pay the expenses of English troops but also promised to compensate for the loss suffered by the English at Negrais. While their first attempt to invade Manipur in 1763 had to be abandoned, Sigh's Manipuri resistance remained active with English help. (They would temporarily drive out the Burmese vassal king in 1764 before being driven back out by Hsinbyushin.) Death and succession
Naungdawgyi died in November 1763.He was only 29. According to historian Helen James, he died of scrofula, the same illness that inflicted


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 his father and would also take his brother Hsinbyushin. Finally free of rebellions, the king had spent his last few months on works of merit building two pagodas on the Mahananda Lake near Shwebo. He was succeeded by his brother Hsinbyushin. He had five sons and two daughters. Notes

Bibliography

Burmese monarchs
Konbaung dynasty
1734 births
1763 deaths
18th-century Burmese


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<mask> (born December 23, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter and musician, originally from Shreveport, Louisiana, United States, although she has resided in Southern California throughout her musical career. Diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in the early 1990s, <mask> was the catalyst for the Sweet Relief Musicians Fund. Biography
<mask> was born in Shreveport, Louisiana. In 1986, she worked with then husband Peter Case on his debut album, following a year later with her own debut, Happy Come Home, produced by Anton Fier, with an accompanying 28 minute documentary by D. A. Pennebaker. In 1990, she released Swing the Statue. She also often appeared onstage and on record with the band Giant Sand. In 1993, she acted in Gus Van Sant's Even Cowgirls Get the Blues, who also made the video for "Tarbelly and Featherfoot".In early 1992, as <mask>' career was beginning to take off, she was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Because she did not have health insurance, an array of artists, including Pearl Jam, Lou Reed, Maria McKee, Dave Pirner, and Lucinda <mask>, recorded some of <mask>' songs on CD for a benefit project called Sweet Relief: A Benefit for <mask>. This led to the creation of the Sweet Relief Musicians Fund, a charity that aids professional musicians in need of health care. That year, <mask> also released a new album, titled Loose. A second album, covering the songs of Vic Chesnutt, was recorded for the Sweet Relief Fund in 1996 under the title Sweet Relief II: Gravity of the Situation, and <mask> performed a duet with Chesnutt on the album. Also that year, <mask> appeared on Strong Hand of Love, a fund-raising tribute album to songwriter Mark Heard, who had died in 1992. That December she participated in a Christmas concert with Jane Siberry, Holly Cole, Mary Margaret O'Hara and Rebecca Jenkins, broadcast over CBC Radio in Canada and National Public Radio in the United States and subsequently released on CD as Count Your Blessings.In

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Victoria Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Victoria Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams


texts: 1995, <mask> released her first live album, This Moment in Toronto with the Loose Band. <mask> ended the 1990s with an appearance on Jim White's Wrong Eyed Jesus (1997), a duet with Robert Deeble ("Rock a Bye") on Days Like These (1997) and her own 1998's Musings of a Creekdipper followed by Water to Drink in 2000 coproduced with JC Hopkins. She also appeared in the film <mask> – Happy Come Home, by D. A. Pennebaker and Chris Hegedus. <mask> recorded "Since I've Laid My Burden Down" for the compilation album Avalon Blues: A Tribute To Mississippi John Hurt in 2001. That same year her song "You Are Loved" was included on The Oxford American Southern Music CD #5 . In 2002, she issued an album of standards recorded during the sessions for her earlier records. "Sings Some Ol' Songs" includes classics such as "Somewhere Over the Rainbow", "My Funny Valentine" and "Moon River".That year, <mask> was also a judge for the 2nd annual Independent Music Awards to support independent artists' careers. Throughout her marriage to Jayhawk member Mark Olson, the pair regularly toured and recorded together as The Original Harmony Ridge Creekdippers, The Creekdippers, and Mark Olson and the Creekdippers, releasing a total of seven albums and one "best of" compilation. "Miss Williams' Guitar", a song on the Jayhawks' 1995 album Tomorrow the Green Grass, was written for her by Olson and bandmate Gary Louris. Olson and <mask> divorced in 2006 which also led to the dissolution of their musical partnership. In 2006, she performed on fellow Creekdipper David Wolfenberger's album Portrait of Narcissus and even painted the portrait of Wolfenberger featured on the cover. In that same year, she also appeared as a guest vocalist on Modern Folk and Blues Wednesday, the first solo album by Bob Forrest of Thelonious Monster. <mask> also plays in a band called The Thriftstore Allstars, a group of accomplished touring musicians who regularly play in Joshua Tree, California.The

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Williams
Williams
Victoria Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams


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 Thriftstore Allstars play what their MySpace page calls "loose drunken square dance country gone electric fantasmo". In 2006, <mask> was ranked No. 89 on Paste magazine's list of the Top 100 Living Songwriters. The description stated: "Louisiana-born <mask>' music paints impressionistic, personal portraits of nature ("Century Plant"), of the spiritual ("Holy Spirit") and of common folk ("Crazy Mary"). Her songs—as distinctive as her high vibrato—dip heavily into the musical palettes of country, folk, rock, gospel and jazz. Although her debut album, Happy Come Home was released in 1987, <mask> was largely overlooked until artists like Soul Asylum and Pearl Jam recorded her tunes for the 1993 Sweet Relief tribute/benefit CD, which helped pay medical bills in her battle against multiple sclerosis." In 2007, she played numerous shows with M. Ward and is featured on the track "Bottom Dollar" on Christopher Rees' album Cautionary Tales (2007).In early 2009, <mask> commenced the recording of a new album of original material in Tucson with Isobel Campbell as record producer. In May 2009, <mask> and Olson reunited with fellow Creekdipper Mike Russell for a one-off performance at an exhibition opening being staged at the True World Gallery in Joshua Tree, California. In July 2009, <mask> embarked on a tour of Australia and New Zealand with Vic Chesnutt, but he died of an overdose of muscle relaxants on December 25, 2009. In the fall of 2010, she toured Spain and Switzerland with Simone White and in late 2011 <mask> returned to the studio to record another vocal for Robert Deeble for the album Heart Like Feathers which was released in February 2012. In December 2015, <mask> had a seizure, injuring her back and shoulder. Although she was expected to recover fully, the Sweet Relief Musicians Fund was seeking donations to help cover the associated costs, which her medical insurance again would not cover. Discography

Solo albums
Happy Come Home (1987)
Swing the

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Victoria Williams
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<mask> (; born 23 November 1987) is an Albanian professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Albanian club Partizani and the Albania national team. Club career

Dinamo Tirana
Hoxha started youth football at age of 6 and was raised through the ranks at his hometown team Turbina before joining the youth team of Dinamo Tirana in 2004. He was loaned back out to Turbina for the 2005–06 campaign, where he played in the Kategoria e Parë. He returned the following season and joined the first team at Dinamo as Ilion Lika understudy. He made his top flight debut with Dinamo on 10 March 2007 in a home game against Elbasani. He featured in 11 league games between March and the end of the season due to first choice keeper Lika being sidelined with injury. The following season, he became second choice to Elvis Kotorri following the departure of Ilion Lika, and he made 2 league appearances as Dinamo were crowned Kategoria Superiore champions for the first time since 2002.During the first half of the 2008–09 season he only made one league and one cup appearance before being loaned out to fellow Superiore side Apolonia in January for the remainder of the season. He made 8 appearances while on loan at Apolonia and kept 3 clean sheets, helping the team avoid the relegation play-off places by a single point. He returned to his parent club Dinamo ahead of the 2009–10 season and made 6 league appearances as he won his second Superiore title with Dinamo. The following season, he competed with Albanian international Isli Hidi for the first choice spot in the team, and following Hidi's departure to Olympiakos Nicosia in January 2011 he became Dinamo's first choice keeper for the first time and eventually featured in 24 league games as Dinamo narrowly avoided


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 relegation after beating Besëlidhja in the relegation play-off. At the time with Dinamo, he had a short spell with Kosova Vushtrri in the Kosovo Superleague. Kastrioti
On 22 August 2011, Hoxha completed a transfer to Kastrioti by penning a one-year contract as a free agent. There he competed with Argjent Halili for the starting lineup, ultimately losing out as he only made 6 league appearances, and was used mainly in the Albanian Cup, where he featured 10 times.He left the club at the end of the season along with Halili, and was in talks with Kukësi regarding a possible transfer, but a move never materialised as an agreement could not be reached. Besa
He joined Besa ahead of the 2012–13 campaign and was immediately made the first choice goalkeeper ahead of Ibrahim Bejte. Throughout the season Hoxha made 23 league and 2 cup appearances, helping Besa to a 9th-place finish, avoiding the relegation play-off places. Partizani
He joined newly promoted Partizani in the summer of 2013 and was given the number 1 shirt as well being named captain for the 2013–14 season. Hoxha went 1,084 minutes without conceding a goal during 2014–15 Kategoria Superiore season and got the all-time Kategoria Superiore record as he broke the 30-year-old record set by the goalkeeper of KS Labinoti (modern day called KF Elbasani), Bujar Gogunja, who kept intact net goal for 1037 minutes. At the end of 2014, <mask> was named Albanian Footballer of the Year for his performances throughout the season. In March 2015, Hoxha was named Albanian Superliga Player of the Month after playing 5 matches, keeping a clean sheet.On 1 November 2015, during the league match against Teuta, Hoxha suffered a jaw-injury after a clash with his team-mate Gëzim Krasniqi in the 76th minute of the


texts: match, being taken off the field by an ambulance. On 20 July 2016, in the returning leg of Champions League second qualifying round at Groupama Arena, Hoxha was the main protagonist of the game. After the regular and extra time had finished in a 1–1 draw, the game was decided in a penalty shootout where <mask> saved three penalties after himself having scored a 'Panenka'. It was the first time that Partizani successfully progressed to the Champions League third qualifying round. <mask> made his 100th Kategoria Superiore appearance for Partizani on 17 October 2016 in the 4–0 win over Flamurtari at Elbasan Arena. On 9 August 2017, Hoxha agreed a new contract extension with the club, signing until 2020. Hoxha was excluded from the lineup in the opening matchday of championship against Laçi, lost 0–2.Following the match, manager Mark Iuliano said that Hoxha has violated the club's rules. It was reported that Hoxha left the team's gather without permission. Club director Luciano Moggi said that Hoxha would not play unless he apologises to the team, but Hoxha refused and instead handed in his captaincy. In July 2018, <mask> was renamed captain following the departure of Idriz Batha. Despite the club finishing 5th in the previous season, Skënderbeu Korçë's exclusion from the UEFA competitions meant that Partizani had qualified for the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League first qualifying round. The team faced Slovenia's NK Maribor, and lost both matches 3–0 on aggregate which brought the early elimination from the competition. <mask> commenced his domestic season by playing in the opening match of 2018–19 Kategoria Superiore, conceding an injury time penalty for a foul on Dejvi Bregu which caused the loss.Hoxha faced another penalty in the second matchday

masks: Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha


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 against Kamza; the penalty was conceded in the 45th minute with the score still 0–0, but <mask> managed to save Sebino Plaku's attempt as Partizani would later score and win the match 1–0 for the first three points of the season. International career

Youth
<mask> was called up for the first time at Albania under-19 team for the 2006 UEFA European Under-19 Championship qualifying campaign where he played in all three Group 9 matches. Senior

Beginnings
After the end of the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification, the second choice goalkeeper Samir Ujkani left the team to play for the Kosovo. Albania were looking forward for a third choice behind Etrit Berisha, which was a starter choice and Orges Shehi, which became second choice after leaving of Ujkani. UEFA Euro 2016 campaign
For the UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying second round matches against Denmark and Serbia in October 2014, <mask> received his first senior team call-up by the Albania coach Gianni De Biasi as a third choice goalkeeper. He remained as an unused substitute for both matches. For the friendlies against France and Italy in November 2014, <mask> had some issue family problems and he was replaced with the fellow Kategoria Superiore goalkeeper Stivi Frashëri of Tirana.On 16 November 2015, <mask> made his official debut with Albania by replacing Berisha during the friendly match against Georgia which ended in a 2–2 draw at Qemal Stafa Stadium. On 21 May 2016, <mask> was named in Albania's preliminary 27-man squad for UEFA Euro 2016, and in Albania's final 23-man UEFA Euro squad on 31 May. <mask> didn't manage to play any minute of all Group A matches as Albania were eliminated by ranking in the 3rd place behind hosts France against which they lost 2–0 and Switzerland against which they

masks: Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha Hoxha


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 also lost 1–0 in the opening match and ahead of Romania by beating them 1–0 in the closing match with a goal by Armando Sadiku. Albania finished the group in the third position with three points and with a goal difference –2, and was ranked last in the third-placed teams, which eventually eliminated them. 2018 FIFA World Cup campaign
On 12 November 2016, in the matchday 4 of 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification against Israel, <mask> made his competitive debut by coming on as a 57th minute substitute to save a penalty kick from Eran Zahavi with Albania already 0–1 down, however, he conceded two more goals as "Red and Blacks" were defeated 0–3 at Elbasan Arena. Personal life
<mask> was married to his longtime girlfriend Dorjana Haka. They became parents in November 2014 where Dorjana Haka gave birth to a boy but she died at the time of the birth in a hospital in Tirana.However the baby survived. He is currently engaged to the Albanian singer Ciljeta. Career statistics

Club

International

Honours

Club
Dinamo Tirana
Kategoria Superiore: 2007–08, 2009–10

Individual
Albanian Footballer of the Year: 2014
Albanian Superliga Player of the Month: March 2015

References

External links

 FSHF profile

1987 births
Living people
People from Cërrik
Albanian footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Albania youth international footballers
Albania international footballers
UEFA Euro 2016 players
FK Dinamo Tirana players
KS Turbina Cërrik players
KF Apolonia Fier players
KF Vushtrria players
KS Kastrioti players
Besa Kavajë players
FK Partizani Tirana players
Albanian Superliga players
Albanian First Division players
Albanian Second Division players
Albanian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Kosovo
Albanian expatriate sportspeople in

masks: Hoxha Hoxha


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<mask> (11 November 1913 – 20 July 1970) was a British Conservative Party politician and government minister. A playboy and professional bridge player in his twenties, after war service Macleod worked for the Conservative Research Department before entering Parliament in 1950. He was an outstanding orator and debater, and was soon appointed Minister of Health, later serving as Minister of Labour. He served an important term as Secretary of State for the Colonies under Harold Macmillan in the early 1960s, overseeing the independence of many African countries from British rule but earning the enmity of Conservative right-wingers, and the soubriquet that he was "too clever by half". Macleod was unhappy with the "emergence" of Sir Alec Douglas-Home as party leader and Prime Minister in succession to Macmillan in 1963 (he claimed to have supported Macmillan's deputy Rab Butler, although it is unclear exactly what his recommendation had been). He refused to serve in Home's government, and whilst serving as editor of The Spectator, alleged that the succession had been stitched up by Macmillan and a "magic circle" of Old Etonians. Macleod did not contest the first ever Conservative Party leadership election in 1965, but endorsed the eventual winner Edward Heath.When the Conservatives returned to power in June 1970, he was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer in Heath's government, but died suddenly only a month later. Early life
<mask> was born at Clifford House, Skipton, Yorkshire, on 11 November 1913. His father, Dr. Norman Alexander <mask>, was a well-respected general practitioner in Skipton, with a substantial poor-law

masks:
Iain Norman Macleod
Iain Macleod
Macleod


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 practice (providing medical services for those who could not afford to pay); the young Macleod would often accompany his father on his rounds. His parents were from the Isle of Lewis in the Western Isles of Scotland, belonging to the branch of the Macleods of Pabbay and Uig. They moved to Skipton in 1907. Macleod grew up with strong personal and cultural ties to Scotland, as his parents bought in 1917 part of the Leverhulme estate on the Isle of Lewis, where they often used to stay for family holidays. He was educated at Ermysted's Grammar School in Skipton, followed by four years (beginning in 1923) at St Ninian's Dumfriesshire, followed by five years at the private school Fettes College in Edinburgh.Macleod showed no great academic talent, but did develop an enduring love of literature, especially poetry, which he read and memorised in great quantity. In his final year at school Macleod appears to have blossomed a little, standing for Oswald Mosley's New Party in the mock election in October 1931; he came third, behind the Unionist and Ian Harvey who stood as a Scottish nationalist and came second. He won the School History Prize in his final year. Cambridge and cards
In 1932, Macleod went up to Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, where he read History. His only recorded speech at the Cambridge Union Society was in his first term against the Ottawa agreement – his biographer comments that although not too much should be made of this, it suggests a lack of sentimental attachment to the Empire. He took no other part in student politics, but spent much of his time reading poetry and playing bridge, both for the University


texts: (he helped to found the Cambridge University Bridge Society) and at Crockfords and in the West End. He graduated with a Lower Second in 1935.A bridge connection with the chairman of the printing company De La Rue earned him a job offer. However, he devoted most of his energies to bridge and, by 1936, was an international bridge player. He was one of the great British bridge players. He won the Gold Cup in 1937, with teammates Maurice Harrison-Gray (Capt), Skid Simon, Jack Marx and Colin Harding. At a time when average male earnings were around £200 per annum (around £11,000 at 2016 prices) and he was earning around £150 per annum at De La Rue, Macleod sometimes made £100 in a night gambling, but on another occasion had to borrow £100 from his father to pay his debts. Macleod was often too tired to work in the mornings after gambling for much of the night, although he tended to perk up as the day went on; he was popular with colleagues and on at least one occasion mucked in to work overtime for a last-minute order for Chinese banknotes. His biographer comments that he "might have stayed" had he found the work more interesting, but after tolerating him for a number of years De La Rue sacked him in 1938.In order to placate his father he joined the Inner Temple and went through the motions of studying to become a barrister, but in the late 1930s he was essentially living the life of a playboy off his bridge earnings. He was winning up to £2,500 per annum tax free (around £140,000 at 2016 prices). He later wrote a book that contains a description of the Acol system of : Bridge is an Easy Game, published in 1952 by Falcon Press,


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 London. He was still earning money from playing and writing newspaper columns about bridge until 1952, when his developing political career became his priority. War service

Early war
In September 1939, upon the outbreak of the Second World War, Macleod enlisted in the British Army as a private in the Royal Fusiliers. On 20 April 1940, he was commissioned as an officer with the rank of second lieutenant in the Duke of Wellington's Regiment (DWR). He was given the service number of 129352.He was posted to the 2/7th Battalion, DWR, which was then serving as part of the 137th Infantry Brigade of the 46th Infantry Division, a second line Territorial Army (TA) formation, then commanded by Major-General Henry Curtis. Macleod's battalion was sent overseas to France in time to see action in the Battle of France in May, where he was injured in the leg by a flying log when a German armoured car burst through a road block which his men had just erected. He was treated in hospital in Exeter and left with a lifelong slight limp. In later life, besides his limp he suffered pain and reduced mobility from a spinal condition (ankylosing spondylitis). At the age of 27, Macleod was already considered somewhat too old to be a platoon commander. Once fit for duty again, he served as a staff captain with the 46th Division in Wye, under the Deputy Assistant Adjutant General (DAAG), Captain Dawtry. In 1941, a drunk Macleod almost killed Dawtry, as the latter had retired to bed rather than play stud poker with him.He shot at his door until his revolver ran out of bullets, and then passed out after smashing down the door with a heavy piece of


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 furniture. He demanded an apology the next morning for his refusal to play, although the two men remained friends thereafter. Dawtry later became Chief Clerk of Westminster Council. Staff College, D-Day and European campaign
Macleod attended Staff College, Camberley, in 1943, and graduated early in February 1944, having for the first time had to test his abilities against other able men and found something of a purpose in life. As a major, he landed in France on Gold Beach on D-Day on 6 June 1944, as Deputy Assistant Quartermaster-General (DAQMG) of the 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division, a first line TA formation, under the command of Major-General Douglas Graham. Macleod embarked on 1 June, ready for the invasion which was then postponed from 5 June to 6 June. The 50th Division, a highly experienced veteran formation which had fought in North Africa and Sicily, was tasked with capturing Arromanches, where the Mulberry artificial harbour was to be set up, and by the end of the day patrols had pushed to the outskirts of Bayeux.Macleod spent much of the day touring the beachhead area to check on progress, driving past enemy-held strongpoints, with Lieutenant Colonel "Bertie" Gibb. He later recorded that he had "a patchwork of memories" of D-Day. He could remember what he ate but not when he ate it, or that when he went to load his revolver he found his batman had instead filled his ammunition pouch with boiled sweets. British planners had expected 40% casualties on D-Day, and Macleod later recorded that he himself had fully expected to be killed, but on realising at midnight that he had survived D-Day decided that he


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 would survive the war and see the birth of his second child in October. Contemporaries began to record him saying that autumn that he planned to enter politics and become prime minister. He continued to serve in France and the Low Countries until November 1944 when the 50th Division was, due to a highly critical shortage of manpower in the British Army at this stage of the war, ordered to return to Yorkshire, to be reconstituted as a training division. Macleod ended the war as a major.1945 election and final army service
Macleod unsuccessfully contested the Western Isles constituency at the 1945 general election. There was no Conservative Party in the seat, so Macleod advertised an inaugural meeting. He and his father, a lifelong Liberal but an admirer of Winston Churchill, were the only attendees, so Macleod elected his father Association Chairman and he selected his son as Parliamentary candidate, in due course receiving a letter of endorsement from Churchill. Macleod came bottom of the poll, obtaining 2,756 votes out of 13,000. Macleod's father died at the start of 1947, just at the onset of the exceptionally bitter winter. With the 50th Division now largely disbanded, its HQ was sent to Norway after the end of hostilities in May 1945 as part of Operation Doomsday, supervising the surrender of German forces and repatriation of Allied prisoners. In Norway, Macleod was in charge of setting prices for the country's stock of wine and spirits, much of which had been looted by the Germans from occupied France.In December 1945, he successfully defended a colonel at a court martial, and was tipped for a career at the Bar by the


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 presiding officer. He was demobilised from the British Army in January 1946. Entry into politics
In 1946, after an interview with David Clarke, Macleod joined the Conservative Parliamentary Secretariat, writing briefing papers for Conservative MPs on Scotland, Labour (employment, in modern parlance) and Health matters. Macleod was selected as Conservative candidate for Enfield in 1946. Forty-seven applicants were already being considered; through a bridge connection Macleod arranged a meeting with the Enfield Conservative Association chairman and persuaded him to add his cv to the list. After interviews, he reached the final shortlist of four. Macleod came second after making a poor speech to the assembled Association at the selection meeting, but the winning candidate failed to achieve the required 10% majority.Amid accusations of skulduggery—the members had not been told of this requirement in advance and forty of them, the representatives of two branches, walked out in protest—a second meeting was scheduled, at which Macleod performed much better and won handsomely. Throughout both meetings he had been strongly supported by the local Young Conservatives, who could vote on Association matters despite in some cases being not yet old enough to vote for Parliament – the 15-year-old Norman Tebbit was a branch officer for Ponders End (a working class area). Enfield had been won by the Conservatives several times in the interwar period, but with a 12,000 Labour majority in 1945 was not regarded as an immediate prospect. In 1948, the Parliamentary boundaries were redrawn, and Macleod was unanimously selected for the new and much


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 more winnable Enfield, West, which he would win in February 1950 and hold comfortably throughout his career. In 1948, the Secretariat merged with the Conservative Research Department under Rab Butler. Macleod was in joint, then sole, charge of Home Affairs. He drafted the Social Services section of the Conservative policy paper The Right Road for Britain (1949).Along with Enoch Powell, Angus Maude and Reginald Maudling, Macleod was seen as a protégé of Butler at the CRD. David Clarke thought Macleod the least intellectually gifted of the three but later came to think him the most politically gifted. All four men were elected to Parliament in February 1950, and along with Edward Heath who entered Parliament at the same time they became members of the "One Nation" group. Together with Angus Maude Macleod wrote the pamphlet One Nation in 1950, and together with Enoch Powell he wrote The Social Services: Needs and Means which appeared in January 1952. Macleod and Powell were close friends at this time. He was astonished when the ascetic Powell became engaged. Powell, a much more industrious man, was somewhat jealous of Macleod's promotion at the Research Department, and had difficulty being selected for a winnable seat, so Macleod coached him in interview technique.Political career

Minister of Health
In October 1951 Churchill again became Prime Minister. Macleod was not offered office but instead became Chairman of the backbench Health and Social Services Committee. A brilliant Commons performance made his career. On 27 March 1952, having been called fifth in the debate rather than third as originally scheduled, he spoke after