texts:
 first innings total of 493. Later Sri Lanka won the match by 202 runs and won the series. Captaincy
<mask> captained the cricket team for 2014 Asian Games at Incheon, where Sri Lanka won the gold medal by defeating Afghanistan in the final. On 23 January 2015, during the fifth ODI against New Zealand, he captained Sri Lanka, due to slight injury of captain Angelo Mathews. However, his first match as a captain did not get under way well, as they lost the match by 108 runs. He also took 2 wickets at that match, and scored 45 runs as an opener. He also captained the 6th and 7th ODIs of the series, where 6th ODI ended with a huge defeat, and 7th ODI was comfortably won under his captaincy.However, Sri Lanka lost the series 4–2 finally. In 2019, ten Sri Lanka players including permanent ODI and T20I captain withdrew from the tour of Pakistan citing security concerns. Therefore, <mask> was announced as the ODI captain for the 3-match series. During the series, first ODI was abandoned due to heavy rain. Sri Lanka lost the next two games and lost the ODI series 2–0. References

External links

<mask> <mask>'s profile page on Wisden

1989 births
Sportspeople from Moratuwa
Basnahira South cricketers
Sri Lankan cricketers
Sri Lanka Test cricketers
Sri Lanka One Day International cricketers
Sri Lanka Twenty20 International cricketers
Uva cricketers
Ragama Cricket Club cricketers
Ruhuna Royals cricketers
Living people
Cricketers at the 2015 Cricket World Cup
Cricketers at the 2019 Cricket World Cup
Alumni of Prince of Wales' College, Moratuwa
Asian Games medalists in cricket
Cricketers at the 2014 Asian Games
Comilla Victorians cricketers
Kandy Crusaders cricketers
Asian Games gold medalists for Sri Lanka
Dhaka Dynamites cricketers
Mannar District cricketers
Medalists at the 2014

masks: Thirimanne Thirimanne Lahiru Thirimanne


type: original

texts:
Joseph R<mask> (August 21, 1937 – February 5, 1989) was an American football player and coach. He played professionally in the National Football League (NFL) for the New York Giants from 1959 to 1972. <mask> served as the head football coach at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga from 1973 to 1979, at the University of New Mexico from 1980 to 1982, and at the University of South Carolina from 1983 to 1988, compiling a career college football coach record of 101–72–7. Playing career
<mask> was born in Lima, Ohio. He attended the University of Cincinnati where he played both halfback and quarterback and also played on defense during his three varsity seasons. <mask> was drafted by the Giants in the third round of the 1959 NFL Draft, where he mostly played at the positions of running back and wide receiver. He had a long career with the Giants, playing from 1959 to 1972.He is 3rd on the Giants' team record for receptions, with 395 catches, from seven different quarterbacks; over his career his plays gained 4,993 yards. His jersey number (#40) has been retired by the Giants. <mask>'s best individual season as a receiver came in 1966 when the Giants won only one game. He caught 46 passes for 724 yards and scored six touchdowns. While the Giants fell on hard times, <mask> was one of the bright stars on the team. He also had five seasons of 40 receptions or more between 1964 and 1971. Because he played many positions as needed for the Giants, he was nicknamed "Old Dependable."Coaching career
<mask> was a head coach at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, University of New Mexico, and University of South Carolina. He is one of the few major college head coaches to never work as an assistant coach. As

masks:
. Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Joe Morrison


texts: the head coach at Chattanooga, <mask> turned around a Mocs program coming off four straight losing seasons, pacing them to three straight Southern Conference championships (1977-1979). His record at Chattanooga was 44-29-3 in seven seasons. Other than his NFL years, he is best remembered as the head coach at South Carolina. <mask> came to USC after three seasons with the Lobos of the University of New Mexico. He was a hot prospect, having gone 10-1 in 1982.<mask> took the Gamecocks to three postseason games (1984 and 1987 Gator Bowl and the 1988 Liberty Bowl) during his tenure. It was under <mask> in 1983 that South Carolina began the tradition of Einleitung from Also Sprach Zarathustra (theme from the movie "2001: A Space Odyssey") as its pre-game anthem and entrance song. The idea had actually originated with former quarterback Tommy Suggs, who suggested it to then-coach and athletic director Jim Carlen in 1981. However, Carlen wanted the Carolina Band to play it rather than have it played over the stadium's sound system. When Carlen left after the season, Suggs took the idea to his successor as athletic director, Bob Marcum. While Marcum liked it, he suggested that they wait to play it until a brand-new sound system could be installed in 1982. The song was finally played for the first time in <mask>'s first year, and partly because of his success the song is identified with him.<mask>'s second season, 1984, was until the turn of the century reckoned as the greatest in school history. It was affectionately dubbed the "Black Magic" year by South Carolina fans because of the team's success and because of <mask>'s famous all-black attire (cap, shirt, pants). The team ran a streak of nine consecutive wins

masks: Morrison Morrison Morrison Morrison Morrison Morrison Morrison


texts: (longest single season streak in school history) and was ranked #2 in the nation before being upset by Navy and later falling to Oklahoma State University in the Gator Bowl. Gaining victories against storied programs such as Georgia, Pittsburgh, Notre Dame, Florida State, and arch-rival Clemson, the Gamecocks finished that season with a 10-2 record, which would remain a school record for wins until 2011. <mask> was named by the Walter Camp Foundation as the 1984 National College Football Coach of the Year. <mask> would also be named the Southern Independent Coach of the year in 1987. The 1984 squad also heralded two first team All-American players in James Seawright (linebacker) and Del Wilkes (offensive lineman), as well as future NFL players Sterling Sharpe (1984–1987), and Brad Edwards (1984–1987).Other notable players coached by <mask> included Harold Green, who spent several years with the Cincinnati Bengals in the NFL, current Gamecock football radio broadcaster Todd Ellis, who is the all-time passing leader at South Carolina, and Robert Brooks, who was part of the Green Bay Packers 1997 Super Bowl Championship team. During this time, Charlie Weis, former head coach of the University of Notre Dame and the University of Kansas, was an assistant coach under <mask>, his first coaching job in the college ranks. Also serving as an assistant during <mask>'s tenure was Al Groh, who went on to be head coach of the New York Jets and the University of Virginia. After back-to-back 8-4 season in 1987 and 1988, expectations were high in Columbia for the 1989 campaign. However, it would not come to pass as <mask> collapsed after playing racquetball at the Solomon Blatt PE Center, and died on February 5, 1989, at

masks: Morrison Morrison Morrison Morrison Morrison Morrison


texts:
 age 51 from congestive heart failure. <mask> won his 100th game as a coach in 1988, when South Carolina beat N.C. State 23-7. <mask>'s traditions at South Carolina
Morrison's legacy still is in place at the University of South Carolina in various ways:
  Black jerseys as part of uniform options are used in football and all sports.<mask> began the use of black jerseys as a uniform option and used them as the team's primary home jerseys during the 1987 and 1988 seasons
  The use of Einleitung from Also sprach Zarathustra, Op. 30 (theme from "2001: A Space Odyssey") was a tradition started by <mask> for the football team's pre-game entrance and is still done so today. The theme has been spread to other sports and university functions. An outstanding football player from spring practice on both offense and defense are awarded the "<mask> Award" each year. Head coaching record

References

External links

1937 births
1989 deaths
American football running backs
Chattanooga Mocs football coaches
Cincinnati Bearcats football players
New Mexico Lobos football coaches
New York Giants players
South Carolina Gamecocks football coaches
National Football League players with retired numbers
Sportspeople from Lima, Ohio
Coaches of American football from Ohio
Players of American football from

masks:
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Morrison
Joe Morrison


texts:
<mask> (5 November 1946 – 8 May 2013) was a rock music bass guitar player, best known as a founding member of Help Yourself and Ducks Deluxe, and as a member of Deke Leonard's Iceberg, Man and The Tyla Gang. He also played with The Archers and The Green Ray. Early career
<mask> was born in Vienna, to a British serviceman and a local girl, but raised in east London. His father became a newspaper photographer, which led to him becoming a local newspaper reporter, rising to be sub-editor of the Islington Gazette in the early 1970s. He was, at the same time, playing bass in bands such as "Black Cat Bones" in the 1960s before joining "Growth". In January 1970 was living in Golborne Road, Portobello where he knew Paul Burton, a roadie, who knew that Malcolm Morley was looking for a bass player for his new band, Help Yourself, so suggested Whaley for the role. He played on Help Yourself's eponymous first album, and on the Downhome Rhythm Kings package with Ernie Graham and Brinsley Schwarz, which led to him appearing on Ernie Graham's eponymous album, before he was sacked from Help Yourself in April 1971 "a sad tale that is probably best glossed over" .Whaley moved in with former Help Yourself roadie Sean Tyla and together with ex Brinsley Schwarz roadie Martin Belmont on guitars, and Magic Michael (Michael Cousins) on percussion formed Ducks Deluxe in February 1972. Cousins was soon replaced by drummer Tim Roper and former Flamin' Groovies roadie, Nick Garvey, also joined. Playing more energetic music than most others on the London pub-rock circuit, the Ducks soon had a twice weekly booking at the Tally Ho in Kentish Town, and a manager, Dai Davies. Whaley left before Ducks Deluxe recorded anything. Although it has been stated  that Whaley left Ducks Deluxe to rejoin Help Yourself, in December 1972 both bands

masks:
Ken Whaley
Whaley


texts:
 performed at the Christmas at the Patti concert, but Whaley was in neither band. In 1973, Help Yourself proposed touring with Roger Ruskin Spear, the Flying Aces and Vivian "Spiv" Morris, in a vaudeville show called "Happy Days", which was to be held in a circus tent. They started recording material for this in January, but their bassist Paul Burton was unhappy with the proposed theatrical tour, so he left.Whaley returned and the band started recording their new album in February, finishing the Happy Days album in March and the Help Yourself album in April, when they also recorded their second Peel Session. After a two-month "Happy Days" tour, the fourth album, The Return of <mask>y, was released, with the Happy Days album included free with the first 5,000 copies. The Happy Days tour included Roger Ruskin Spear which led to Whaley performing on Ruskin Spear's 1973 album Unusual

Help Yourself started recording their fifth album in July 1973, with a line-up augmented by Sean Tyla. The album was to be called 5 and a cover was commissioned from Rick Griffin. They only had "half formed ideas" and although they eventually laid down 8 tracks, they gave up recording and disbanded in August 1973. They reformed for "The Amazing ZigZag Concert" on 28 April 1974 with a core line up of Morley, Treece, Whaley and Charles with Burton and Leonard guesting. Being incomplete, 5 was not issued, the album was finally completed in 2002/2003 by Morley, Treece and Whaley, with Kevin Spacey on drums, as Charles had other commitments.The album was eventually released in 2004. Later in 1973 <mask>, recorded with Deke Leonard's Iceberg, and although he did not perform with Iceberg on that autumn's "Up for the Day" tour with Man, he joined Iceberg in November 1973. Leonard was invited to rejoin Man in January 1974 and agreed to take

masks:
Ken Whale
Whaley


texts:
 Whaley and Morley with him. Also in 1974, Whaley recorded the album Fish with Barry Melton, formerly of Country Joe and The Fish, which was released in 1975

Whilst with Man, Whaley recorded Rhinos, Winos and Lunatics which became Man's highest charting album, at No24 in the UK, and toured USA on The 1999 Party tour with Hawkwind. He then recorded Slow Motion and toured the US again. The tour was extended but Whaley had had enough, and left the band, so did not play the final concerts with John Cipollina. Shortly after returning to England, Whaley joined The Tyla Gang, led by Sean Tyla, appearing on the albums Moonproof (1978) and Just Popped Out (1980).He took up journalism again, and in 1982 returned to the Izlington Gazette where he was a sub-editor until 1992. The Archers and The Green Ray
In 1987, <mask>, Simon Haspeck (guitar) and former Yachts drummer Bob Bellis supported US Singer/Guitarist Rene Miller on a UK tour. After Miller left, they continued as a trio before recruiting guitarist Richard Treece (who had played with Whaley in Help Yourself, Iceberg and The Tyla Gang) in 1988, and calling themselves The Archers. After recording a demo, Bellis left, so <mask>'s brother Simon became the drummer. After seeing The Archers at a Man convention, Nigel Cross released a vinyl LP on his own Shagrat label in October 1993, but shortly after, Haspeck had a motorbike accident, which prevented concerts to promote the album. In 1994, Slithy Tove guitarist Simon Burgin joined. They composed some songs in a different style to The Archers so changed their name to The Green Ray to avoid confusion with the old band.In 1995 The Green Ray, recorded the album Sighs, Whales and Trees (a play on names:- Simon's Whaley and Burgin, <mask>'s, <mask> and Simon, and Richard Treece) which was also released on the Shagrat label.

masks: Whaley Whaley Whaley Ken


texts:
 In 1995, <mask> and Richard Treece also started a collaboration with Ron Sanchez of US-based band Donovans Brain. 1996 saw the eponymous second album – The Green Ray, on the Father Yod/Soft Cloud label. Many gigs followed, including concerts with Man, and performing at Terrastock 3 in 1999. In 2000, Burgin died of a brain haemorrhage and original guitarist Simon Haspeck rejoined. After extensive concerts, they recorded Fragile World, which was released on CD in December 2004

Whaley continued to play with The Green Ray until 2012, when lung cancer forced him to stand down. <mask> died in London, on 8 May 2013, aged 66.The Green Ray continue to this day with Jeff Gibbs on bass guitar and vocals. Discography
With Help Yourself
Help Yourself (1971)
The Return of <mask>y (1973)
Happy Days (1973)
5 (2004)
The Amazing ZigZag Concert (2010)

With Man
Rhinos, Winos and Lunatics (1974)
Slow Motion (1974)
1999 Party Tour (1998)
Live in London 1975 (1988)
Rare Man (1999)
Man Alive (2003)
History of Man: Evolution of the Legendary Welsh Rock Band (2005)
Keep on Crinting: The Liberty/UA Years Anthology (2006)

With The Tyla Gang
Moonproof (1978)
Just Popped Out (1980)

With Donovan's Brain
Eclipse & Debris (1999)
Tiny Crustacean Light Show (2000)

With The Green Ray
Sighs, Wales and Trees (1995)
The Green Ray (1996)
Fragile World (2004)

With other artists
Ernie Graham Ernie Graham (1971)
Roger Ruskin Spear Unusual (1973)
Deke Leonard Kamikaze (1974)
Barry Melton Fish (1975)
The Flying Aces Seashell (2002)
Various Artists Naughty Rhythms: The Best of Pub Rock (1996)

References

Further reading
Leonard D. (1996 & Rev. 2001)  Rhinos, Winos & Lunatics. Northdown Publishing

1946 births
2013 deaths
British bass guitarists
Male bass guitarists
Deaths from cancer in England
Deaths from lung cancer
Ducks Deluxe members
Man

masks:
Whaley
Whaley
Ken Whale


texts:
<mask> (born August 19, 1965) is an American actress, producer and director. She is best known for her starring role as Deputy Chief Brenda Leigh Johnson on the TNT crime drama The Closer. For her portrayal of Johnson, <mask> won a Golden Globe Award in 2007 and an Emmy Award in 2010. The series ended on August 13, 2012, following the completion of its seventh season. Sedgwick is also known for her recurring role as Madeline Wuntch on the sitcom Brooklyn Nine-Nine. Sedgwick was nominated for a Golden Globe award for her performance in Something to Talk About (1995). Sedgwick's other film roles include Oliver Stone's Born on the Fourth of July (1989), Cameron Crowe's Singles (1992), Heart and Souls (1993), Phenomenon (1996), What's Cooking (2000), Secondhand Lions (2003), The Game Plan (2007), and The Possession (2012).Early life
Sedgwick was born in New York City, the daughter of Patricia (née Rosenwald), a speech teacher and educational/family therapist and Henry Dwight <mask> V, a venture capitalist. Her mother was Jewish and her father was Episcopalian and of English heritage. Sedgwick has identified herself as Jewish and has stated that she participates in Passover seders. A member of the Sedgwick family on her father's side, she is a descendant of Major General Robert Sedgwick, Judge Theodore Sedgwick, Endicott Peabody (the founder of the Groton School), William Ellery (a signer of the Declaration of Independence), Samuel Appleton, John Lathrop, of Boston, Massachusetts, and is the great-granddaughter of Henry Dwight <mask> III, thus the corresponding niece to his brother Ellery Sedgwick,

masks:
Kyra Minturn Sedgwick
Sedgwick
Sedgwick
Sedgwick


texts:
 owner/editor (1908-1938) of The Atlantic Monthly. Sedgwick is also a sister of actor Robert Sedgwick, half-sister of jazz guitarist Mike Stern, the first cousin once removed of actress Edie Sedgwick, and a niece of the writer John Sedgwick. She is the aunt of R&B/pop singer George Nozuka and his younger singer-songwriter brother Justin Nozuka (their mother, Holly, is Sedgwick's half-sister). Sedgwick's parents separated when she was four and divorced when she was six; her mother subsequently married Ben Heller, an art dealer.Sedgwick graduated from Friends Seminary and attended Sarah Lawrence College before transferring to the University of Southern California, where she graduated with a theater degree. Career

Sedgwick made her debut at the age of 16 on the television soap opera Another World as Julia Shearer, troubled granddaughter of Liz Matthews. In 1988, she appeared in a TV version of Lanford Wilson's Lemon Sky. During the 1990s, she appeared in several Hollywood movies, including Singles (1992), Heart and Souls (1993), Something to Talk About (1995), and Phenomenon, in which she played the love interest of John Travolta's character. She starred in the Emmy Award–winning 1992 made-for-TV film Miss Rose White as a Jewish immigrant who comes to terms with her ethnicity. She played the parts of Mae Coleman in 2003's Secondhand Lions and Stella Peck in the 2007 film The Game Plan. She also starred alongside her husband Kevin Bacon in two films: the 1991 sex comedy Pyrates, and the 2004 drama The Woodsman.She dubbed the voice of Batwoman in the animated movie Batman: Mystery of the Batwoman. <mask>


texts:
 starred in the television series The Closer from 2005 to 2012. In 2007, she began earning roughly $300,000 per episode. Over the life of the series, she was nominated for and won several awards for her starring role as Deputy Chief Brenda Leigh Johnson. She received a Golden Globe award in 2007 for her performance as lead actress and won a Primetime Emmy Award in 2010. In 2009, Sedgwick was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for Television. The Closer ended on August 13, 2012, following the completion of its seventh season; the series's broadcaster, TNT, said that the decision to retire the series was made by Sedgwick.A sequel series starring most of the same cast called Major Crimes continued in its place. Sedgwick produced the television series  Proof for TNT which debuted in 2015 for one season. She is also featured in the NBC comedy series Brooklyn Nine-Nine portraying the character of Madeline Wuntch. Sedgwick will play the lead role of Jean Raines in the ABC comedy pilot My Village, written by Kari Lizer. The series was green-lighted by ABC and re-titled Call Your Mother on May 21, 2020, for the 2020–2021 television season. Personal life
Sedgwick married actor Kevin Bacon on September 4, 1988. Sedgwick learned in 2012, via her appearance on the U.S. TV show Finding Your Roots with Henry Louis Gates, that she and Bacon are ninth cousins, once removed.The couple have two children, Travis Sedgwick Bacon and actress Sosie Ruth Bacon. The family resides on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. Awards and nominations

Honors
 2005: Received the Copper Wing Tribute Award presented to her during the


texts:
 Phoenix Film Festival. 2009, June 8: Inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame receiving a star for her contribution to Television located at 6356 Hollywood, Blvd. – the 2,384th star, presented to her by the President and CEO of the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce, Leron Gubler. 2013: Honored with the President's Award by the Society of Camera Operators. 2017: Received the John Cassavetes Award presented to her during the Denver International Film Festival.Accolades

References

External links

 <mask> <mask> at Hollywood Walk of Fame
 <mask> <mask> at Internet Broadway Database
 <mask> <mask> at Internet Off-Broadway Database

1965 births
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from New York City
American film actresses
American people of English descent
American people of Jewish descent
American television actresses
American voice actresses
Best Drama Actress Golden Globe (television) winners
Cornell family
Jewish American actresses
Living people
Peabody family
People from the Upper West Side
Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actress in a Drama Series Primetime Emmy Award winners
Sarah Lawrence College alumni
<mask> family
USC School of Dramatic Arts alumni
Friends Seminary

masks: Kyra Sedgwick Kyra Sedgwick Kyra Sedgwick Sedgwick


texts: <mask> (born as V<mask>) is an Indian fight master/action choreographer, actor and screenwriter in Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Kannada, and Hindi cinema. He has worked with actors Ajith Kumar, Vijay and R. Sarath Kumar in many films. Stunt masters including Stun Siva, Peter Hein, Anal Arasu, K. Ganesh Kumar, Silva, Rajasekhar, Hari Dinesh, T. Ramesh and Thunder Jeeva have worked as fighters and assistants to him.

masks:
Kanal Kannan
. Kannan


texts:
<mask>Dado<mask> (; 27 August 1925 – 15 April 1976) was the ninth Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), serving in that capacity from 1972 to 1974. He was forced to resign in the aftermath of the Yom Kippur War. Early life
<mask>Dado<mask> was born in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia, to a family of Sephardic heritage. He emigrated to Palestine in 1940 with the Youth Aliyah program and settled on kibbutz Ein Shemer. He soon joined the Palmach and fought in many important battles during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, including the Battle of San Simon Monastery in Jerusalem. As a soldier, he advanced through the ranks, eventually serving as commander of the famous HaPortzim Battalion of the Harel Brigade. <mask> remained in the army after the war, transferring to the armored corps following the 1956 Sinai campaign.He served as deputy to the commander of the corps, Haim Bar Lev, taking over as commander of the armored corps in 1961. He remained in this position until 1964, when he was appointed Chief of the Northern Command, a position he held until 1969. During the Six-Day War of 1967 he was a crucial advocate for the occupation of the strategic Golan Heights, which was then a part of Syria, and he oversaw the capture in just two days. After the war, <mask> served as the chief operations officer on the general staff. On 1 January 1972, he was appointed Chief of Staff. Chief of General Staff
The first months of his tenure were spent combating terrorism. On 30 May, the Japanese Red Army killed 25 civilians and wounded 71 more at an attack on Lod Airport, Israel's leading transportation hub (see: Lod Airport Massacre).On 5 September of that year, another group attacked Israeli athletes at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. The attack became known as the Munich Massacre. In response to these attacks, <mask> ordered what was, until then, the largest strike against Palestinian bases in Syria and Lebanon. Three Syrian jets were downed, and dozens of fedayeen were killed in a heavy

masks:
David "
" Elazar
David (
) Elazar
Elazar
Elazar
Elazar


texts:
 artillery barrage. In Operation Spring of Youth, which took place on the night of 9–10 April 1973, dozens more Palestinians, including several key Palestinian leaders, were assassinated in Beirut by the IDF. One of the decisions made by <mask> during his tenure was the order to down a Libyan passenger jet that strayed into Israeli airspace and was suspected to be on a terrorist mission when it did not respond. The plane was shot down by the Israeli Air Force over the Sinai Peninsula under direct orders from <mask>, killing over 100 civilians.Only later was it discovered that this was a civilian aircraft that had made a navigational error. On 27 May 1973, the IDF announced a state of emergency and reserve troops were called up in response to a movement of Egyptian troops. The state of emergency was cancelled when it became clear that this was only an exercise. This event had a major impact on the General Staff, as it led them to believe that the Egyptian forces were not preparing for war, later that year, on Yom Kippur. After the war however, it became apparent that these frequent maneuvers carried out by the Egyptians were part of an elaborate ruse meant to induce complacency in the Israelis regarding the true intentions of Egyptian troop movements at the time the actual attack took place. On 13 September, Israel shot down thirteen Syrian fighter jets, which had attempted to down Israeli aircraft. The Yom Kippur War

Events leading up to the war
In 1957, Israel was forced, under American pressure, to withdraw from the Sinai which it had occupied since attacking Egypt the previous year.Closing the Tiran strait to Israeli ships by Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1967 was one of the major causes for the 1967 war, during which Israel re-occupied the Sinai peninsula. On 1 October 1973, the armies of Egypt and Syria were placed on alert. Due to an erroneous intelligence assessment and poor decisions by the Israeli military, the IDF responded with only limited measures,

masks: Elazar Elazar


texts:
 few reserve units were called up, and it was determined that war was "unlikely." In the early hours of 6 October (on Yom Kippur, the holiest of the Jewish holidays), <mask> finally became convinced that war would indeed break out that same day, even though the Chief of Military Intelligence Major General Eli Zeira and the Minister of Defense Moshe Dayan still believed that this was highly unlikely. Dayan's conviction had two major consequences:
Dayan refused to approve <mask>'s request for a general call-up of the reserves (<mask> nevertheless eventually decided independently on a limited call-up, beginning on 5 October). Dayan refused to approve <mask>'s recommendation that the IDF engage in a pre-emptive air strike, planned for 11:00 a.m. on Yom Kippur (the airforce was ready for the strike, but its jets never took off). The war
At 2:00 p.m. on Yom Kippur, the armies of Egypt and Syria launched a coordinated attack against Israel.In many ways, this came as a surprise to the IDF and its command. After a series of fierce battles to block the invading armies, a failed counter-offensive in the Sinai, and heavy losses to Israel's airforce and ground troops alike, the incursion was finally halted. On 11 October, fighting in the north was pushed back across the Syrian frontier, and on 16 October, Israeli troops crossed the Suez Canal under the command of General Ariel Sharon. In the early days of the fighting, <mask> was one of very few Israeli commanders who managed to keep his cool and even maintain an optimistic view of where events were heading. This was in especially sharp contrast with the political leadership, most notably Moshe Dayan, who spoke of the "destruction of the Third Jewish Commonwealth." At the same time, the war highlighted sharp personal differences among the top military brass, particularly along the Southern Front—some of these differences have yet to be resolved. At one point in the fighting, <mask> was forced to replace the Chief of the Southern Command,

masks: Elazar Elazar Elazar Elazar Elazar Elazar


texts:
 Major General Shmuel Gonen (known as "Gorodish") with the former Chief of General Staff Haim Bar-Lev.He also enlisted the help of generals Rehavam Zeevi and Aharon Yariv, both of whom had recently retired from the IDF, as his special advisers. By the end of the war, the IDF had penetrated deep into Syrian territory. Mount Hermon, which had been taken from Israel at the start of the war, returned to Israeli control. On the Southern Front, the Egyptian Third Army was surrounded in the Sinai, and Israeli troops had occupied the southern sector of the west bank of the Suez Canal fighting with the unconventional tactics of General Ariel Sharon. Nevertheless, despite these military achievements, Israel paid dearly in casualties, and the Egyptians still held some territory east of the canal, and none of the major cities were captured, although Suez was under siege. The aftermath
The high casualty rate and the fact that Israel was caught unprepared, in terms of both intelligence and operations, led to a wave of public protests throughout the country. On 21 November, as soon as the war ended, the Agranat Commission was set up to investigate why the IDF was so poorly prepared for the war.The commission met for several months. It held 140 sessions and listened to dozens of witnesses before releasing its interim report on 1 April 1974, calling for <mask> to be removed as Chief of Staff. The report stated that "<mask> bears personal responsibility for the assessment of the situation and the preparedness of the IDF" and recommended that he and the chief of military intelligence Eli Zeira be removed from their posts. <mask> immediately submitted his resignation to the government, claiming that he had been mistreated, especially since the report suggested no sanctions against the country's political leadership. He also complained that his actions during the war were never considered. In his resignation letter, <mask> wrote:

On 15 April 1976, he died of a heart attack while swimming. He

masks: Elazar Elazar Elazar Elazar


texts:
 is buried on Mount Herzl, Jerusalem.Legacy
<mask>, popularly known as "Dado," remains a controversial figure in Israel to this very day. The conclusion made by the Agranat Commission that he was personally responsible for the failure to prepare for war was not fully accepted by the public. The consensus today holds that <mask> was an extremely capable war leader who kept his cool in a crisis situation and made the correct strategic decisions. Israeli General Aviezer Ya'ari, head of the IDF's research department credits two specific decisions made by <mask> relatively early in the fighting as crucial to achieving Israel's eventual tactical victory in the war despite the significant setbacks it suffered initially. One was <mask>'s decision to shift divisional reserve forces that were being held opposite the Jordanian border in the event Jordan was to enter the war to the Golan Heights sector instead. These forces then proved instrumental in first halting the Syrians' rapid advance, then turning the tide of battle against them. The second was his decision, despite vigorous objections from his field generals, to postpone further counter-attacks in the Sinai until the Egyptians, which had dug in defensive positions alongside the east bank of the Suez Canal, first started an offensive push eastwards from those positions.This led to the Battle of the Sinai, which was fought on terms better suited to Israeli tactics and which they decisively won, thus weakening overall Egyptian resistance and facilitating a hard-fought but eventually successful counteroffensive that allowed the IDF to cross the Suez Canal and trap most of the Egyptian Third Army on its eastern bank by the end of the war. See also
Agranat Commission
List of Israel's Chiefs of the General Staff

References

Further reading

1925 births
1976 deaths
Israeli generals
Bosnia and Herzegovina Sephardi Jews
Palmach members
Israeli people of the Yom Kippur War
Yugoslav emigrants to Mandatory Palestine
Burials at Mount

masks:
David Elazar
Elazar
Elazar
Elazar


texts:
<mask> (born 3 July 1990) is an Irish footballer who plays as a striker for FAWSL side Aston Villa. She has also had four spells with Glasgow City and stints with Norwegian First Division club IL Sandviken and English sides Arsenal, Liverpool, London Bees, Leicester City and Birmingham City. Despite having played youth football for Scotland, Littlejohn chose to feature at the senior level for the Republic of Ireland. Club career
Glasgow-born Littlejohn played youth football with Clydebank and Baillieston girls before joining Arsenal North. She signed for Glasgow City in January 2007 and won four successive titles with the club. In January 2010 Littlejohn signed for English champions Arsenal and made an immediate debut in the Gunners' 2–1 home win over Chelsea. Shortly afterwards Tony Gervaise, who had also been Littlejohn's coach in Scotland's youth national teams, stood down as Arsenal manager.With Littlejohn then out of favour she returned to Scotland on loan with Rangers, where she featured in the first women's match to be staged at Ibrox Stadium. Littlejohn then returned to Glasgow City. She hit seven goals in the final game of the season against Inverness, as City secured another Premier League title. Along with Megan Sneddon and Suzanne Lappin, Littlejohn signed for Liverpool Ladies ahead of the 2011 FA WSL season. The Scottish trio made their Liverpool bow in a friendly win over Hibernian Ladies. On her competitive debut against Charlton Athletic in the FA Women's Cup, Littlejohn marked the occasion by scoring a hat-trick. She also fired a last-minute goal as Liverpool held rivals Everton 3–3 in the opening match of the WSL campaign.During the mid-season break Littlejohn and Lappin went back to Scotland, this time with Celtic, making their debuts against Rangers. In May 2012, the Football Association (FA) gave Littlejohn a six-match ban and charged her £500 costs for comments made on Twitter. During the 2012 FA WSL mid-season break, Littlejohn returned to Glasgow City: "It is great to be back at City again. I know the club so well. I have been here since I turned 16 years


texts:
 old and City is like my home, as I always seem to come back here." In March 2014 Littlejohn signed for the Norwegian First club IL Sandviken, based in Bergen. By August she had scored 11 goals in 13 games to top the goalscorer's chart.She finished the season as the league's top goalscorer with 19 goals from 22 matches as Sandviken were promoted to the Toppserien as 1. divisjon champions. Littlejohn was called into the Ireland squad in February 2015, listed as a free agent. After a year with Celtic in 2015, Littlejohn returned to Glasgow City for her fourth spell with the club in January 2016. She departed during the mid-season break, and was back in Celtic colours for the second part of the campaign. In July 2018 Littlejohn signed with London Bees. In 2019, she joined West Ham United on non-contract terms. On 25 January 2020, she signed a deal until the end of the season.On 16 January 2021 it was announced the Littlejohn had signed for Birmingham City for the remainder of the 2020/21 season. She made her debut the next day in a 0-0 drawn with Brighton. On 1 September 2021 it was announced that Littlejohn had signed for Aston Villa for the 2021-22 season. International career

Scotland
Littlejohn represented Scotland at Under–15 and Under–17 level. At the Under–19 age group, Littlejohn was part of the side which qualified for the 2008 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship in France. She scored Scotland's only goal in a 3–1 defeat to England at the final tournament group stage. Littlejohn scored 12 goals in her 15 appearances for Scotland's Under–19s.Scotland's senior national team coach Anna Signeul excluded Littlejohn due to personal differences: "Em, well, the senior manager wasn’t a fan of mine. I think she thought I had too much carry on, a little personality, and she wasn’t really into that." Ireland
After three years of not playing internationally, Littlejohn's situation caught the eye of Arsenal teammates Emma Byrne, Yvonne Tracy and Niamh Fahey. They alerted the FAI to her eligibility through her maternal grandparents. In February 2012 Littlejohn received her first call–up


texts:
 to the senior Republic of Ireland squad, for the 2012 Algarve Cup. She made her debut with the Irish national team against Hungary at the final game of the Algarve Cup on 7 March 2012. Ireland won 2–1 to avoid a last place finish.Altogether <mask> has so far been capped over 60 times by the Irish. International goals
Scores and results list Ireland's goal tally first. Personal life
<mask>'s twin sister Shebahn was a travel reporter on Glasgow radio station 102.5 Clyde 1. The family has a Northern Irish background and grew up in Old Drumchapel. She is openly lesbian. In June 2019, fellow player and captain Katie McCabe revealed that they are in a relationship and that women's association football is very accepting of LGBT people. Honours

Club
Glasgow City
Scottish FA Cup: 2009, 2012 & 2013
Scottish Women's Premier League Cup: 2009 & 2013

IL Sandviken
1. divisjon: 2014

Individual
Glasgow City Top Goalscorer: 2009
1. divisjon topscorer: 2014

See also
List of sportspeople who competed for more than one nation

References

External links

<mask> Littlejohn at Glasgow City FC
<mask> Littlejohn at Liverpool LFC
Ruesha Littlejohn at Celtic FC
<mask> Littlejohn at the Football Association of Ireland (FAI)

1990 births
Living people
Celtic F.C.Women players
Arsenal W.F.C. players
Liverpool F.C. Women players
Glasgow City F.C. players
FA Women's National League players
FA Women's Super League players
Republic of Ireland women's association footballers
Republic of Ireland women's international footballers
Women's association football forwards
Footballers from Glasgow
IL Sandviken players
Republic of Ireland expatriate association footballers
Expatriate women's footballers in Norway
Irish expatriate sportspeople in Norway
Scottish Women's Premier League players
LGBT association football players
LGBT sportspeople from Scotland
Lesbian sportswomen
London Bees players
West Ham United F.C. Women players
Rangers W.F.C. players
Birmingham City W.F.C. players
Aston Villa W.F.C.players
Scottish women's footballers
Scottish people of Northern Ireland descent
Twin people from Scotland
Twin

masks: Littlejohn Ruesha Ruesha Ruesha Ruesha


texts:
<mask> (June 27, 1907 – January 30, 1991) was an American character actor who appeared in 65 theatrical films and many television series. McIntire is well known for having replaced Ward Bond, upon Bond's sudden death in November 1960, as the star of NBC's Wagon Train. He played Christopher Hale, the leader of the wagon train (and successor to Bond's character, Seth Adams) from early 1961 to the series' end in 1965. He also replaced Charles Bickford, upon Bickford's death in 1967, as ranch owner Clay Grainger (brother of Bickford's character) on NBC's The Virginian for four seasons. Early years
The son of <mask> and Chastine <mask>, <mask> was born in Spokane, Washington, and was of Irish descent. He grew up primarily in Eureka, Montana around ranchers, an experience that later inspired his performances in dozens of film and television westerns. Later, he lived in Santa Monica, California.He studied at the University of California for two years before dropping out. Career
McIntire began acting on radio in Tarzan and the Diamond of Asher and he met his future wife Jeanette Nolan through their work on radio programs. McIntire played the title role in a Los Angeles radio station's production of The Adventures of Bill Lance and was the first actor to play the title role in the CBS radio drama Crime Doctor. He played Jack Packard in I Love a Mystery and Peter Carter in the radio version of The Lineup. He worked on many episodes of Suspense from the early 1940s. He was the

masks:
John Herrick McIntire
Byron Jean McIntire
Uretta Herrick McIntire
John McIntire


texts: narrator for the radio programs Lincoln Highway, and The March of Time. He can be heard on an episode of the radio version of Gunsmoke on CBS portraying Miss Kitty's estranged father.He was active in the theatre, before he embarked on a lengthy film and television career as a character actor. He was already 40 when he made his big-screen debut in 1947 in the movie "The Hucksters", but went on to appear in films, often portraying police figures, doctors, judges, eccentric loners or other western characters. He had an excellent, sympathetic turn as an aging detective in Scene of the Crime (1949), played a police commissioner in The Asphalt Jungle (1950), a sheriff in the 1960 Hitchcock thriller Psycho and a reverend in the 1960 drama Elmer Gantry starring Burt Lancaster, but some of his more memorable roles were in westerns such as The Far Country (1955), with James Stewart, and The Tin Star (1957) with Henry Fonda. In Anthony Mann's Winchester '73, McIntire plays a shrewd card sharp and gun dealer. Though he technically played a supporting part, McIntire received top billing and his greatest critical acclaim for the fact-based crime movie The Phenix City Story (1955). He played Albert Patterson, a real-life reform politician who was assassinated by the Mob. In the mid-1950s, McIntire moved into television, appearing in anthology series, sitcoms and dramas.He guest-starred as Judson in the episode "Chinese Invasion" of NBC's one-season western series, Cimarron City, with


texts: George Montgomery and <mask>. McIntire procured a regular role on ABC's Naked City, before his character was killed off. McIntire was cast from January to May 1961 in the supporting role of Pa Canfield in the NBC American Civil War drama The Americans.. Though McIntire had never played the lead in a theatrical film, television provided him with his most prominent and long-running role when in 1961 he replaced the late Ward Bond in the NBC/ABC series Wagon Train, playing trailmaster Chris Hale in more than 150 episodes between 1961 and 1965. His co-stars were Robert Horton, Robert Fuller, Denny Scott Miller, Terry Wilson, Frank McGrath, and Michael Burns. In 1960, McIntire guest-starred as William Palmer in the series finale, "The Most Dangerous Gentleman", of the short-lived NBC western Overland Trail, starring William Bendix and Doug McClure, his subsequent co-star on The Virginian. Also in 1960 <mask> starred in a The Twilight Zone episode "The Chaser" where he played a mysterious purveyor of potions.<mask> guest starred twice in the western TV series Bonanza: he played Sheriff Mike Latimer in the 1961 episode "The Bride" and he portrayed Old Charlie Conners in the 1966 episode "Old Charlie". In 1967, he guest-starred in an episode of CBS's short-lived western, Dundee and the Culhane. McIntire replaced actor Charles Bickford (who had himself replaced Lee J. Cobb) on NBC's The Virginian in 1967 when Bickford died. McIntire played Clay Grainger, the brother of Bickford's

masks:
John Smith
John
McIntire


texts: character for four seasons, a major recurring leading role in a weekly 90-minute western series similar in size and scope to his earlier work on Wagon Train. He played the supporting role of Judge Parker in Rooster Cogburn (1975), the sequel to True Grit starring <mask> and Katharine Hepburn, and appeared as Owen Keating in the 1977 television miniseries Aspen. His final film role was in Turner & Hooch (1989). In 1979–1980, McIntire played Ethan McHenry in Shirley on NBC, and in 1981, he played Sam Whittier on the ABC drama The American Dream.Starting in 1960 McIntire began appearing with his wife Jeanette Nolan. Both were in Psycho, he playing a sheriff and she voicing some of the "mother" lines. In the Wagon Train episode "The Janet Hale Story" <mask> and Nolan played husband and wife Chris and Janet Hale. In The Virginian, they also played husband and wife. They both appeared again as husband and wife in The Fugitive (1966) season 3, episode 24, as farm workers with their real life son, Tim. In the 1979 Charlie's Angels episode "Angels on Vacation" they appeared together as Chris Monroe's Uncle Paul and Aunt Lydia. They played a US senator and his wife in the TV movie Goliath Awaits (1981).In the 1984 comic spy adventure Cloak & Dagger, they again played a couple. This time they portrayed sinister spies posing as harmless elderly tourists. They also played the parents of <mask>'s character, Dan Fielding - "Daddy Bob Elmore" and "Mucette Elmore" - on Night Courts season

masks:
John Wayne
McIntire
John Larroquette


texts:
 2 episode, "Dan's Parents." McIntire and Nolan also worked together as voice actors. In a 1969 KCET television reading of Norman Corwin's 1938 radio play The Plot to Overthrow Christmas, McIntire played the Devil and Nolan played Lucrezia Borgia. In 1977 they appeared in the Disney animated film The Rescuers, in which he voiced the cat Rufus and she the muskrat Ellie Mae. Four years later, the couple worked on another Disney film, The Fox and the Hound, with McIntire as the voice of Mr. Digger, a badger, and Nolan as the voice of Widow Tweed.Personal life

McIntire married actress Jeanette Nolan on August 26, 1935, and the couple had two children together, one of whom was the actor <mask> (1944–1986). Their daughter Holly (born July 13, 1941), was also an actress, appearing in two episodes of Wagon Train. McIntire died on January 30, 1991 (aged 83) from emphysema and lung cancer in Pasadena in Los Angeles County. Partial filmography

The Ramparts We Watch (1940) as narrator, 'Baptism of Fire' footage (uncredited)
The Hucksters (1947) as Radio Announcer (uncredited)
Call Northside 777 (1948) as Sam Faxon
Black Bart (1948) as Clark
River Lady (1948) as H.L. Morrison
The Street with No Name (1948) as Cy Gordon
An Act of Murder (1948) as Judge Ogden
Command Decision (1948) as Maj. Belding Davis
Down to the Sea in Ships (1949) as Thatch
Red Canyon (1949) as Floyd Cordt
Scene of the Crime (1949) as Det. Fred Piper
Top o' the Morning (1949) as Inspector <mask> Stool Pigeon

masks:
Tim McIntire
Fallon Johnny


texts:
 (1949) as Nick Avery
Ambush (1950) as Frank Holly
Francis (1950) as Gen. Stevens
No Sad Songs for Me (1950) as Dr. Ralph Frene
Shadow on the Wall (1950) as Pike Ludwell
The Asphalt Jungle (1950) as Police Commissioner Hardy
Winchester '73 (1950) as Joe Lamont
Saddle Tramp (1950) as Jess Higgins
Walk Softly, Stranger (1950) as Morgan
You're in the Navy Now (1951) as Cmdr. W. R. Reynolds
That's My Boy (1951) as Dr. Benjamin Green
The Raging Tide (1951) as Corky Mullins
Westward the Women (1951) as Roy E. Whitman
Glory Alley (1952) as Gabe Jordan
The World in His Arms (1952) as Deacon Greathouse
Sally and Saint Anne (1952) as Alderman Percival Xavier 'Goldtooth' McCarthy
Horizons West (1952) as Ira Hammond
The Lawless Breed (1953) as J.G.Hardin / <mask>s
The Mississippi Gambler (1953) as Kansas <mask>
The President's Lady (1953) as <mask>
A Lion Is in the Streets (1953) as Jeb Brown
War Arrow (1953) as Col. Jackson Meade
Apache (1954) as Al Sieber
The Far Country (1954) as Judge Gannon
Four Guns to the Border (1954) as Dutch
The Yellow Mountain (1954) as Bannon
Stranger on Horseback (1955) as Josiah Bannerman
The Phenix City Story (1955) as Albert L. Patterson
The Kentuckian (1955) as Zack Wakefield
The Scarlet Coat (1955) as Gen. Robert Howe
To Hell and Back (1955) as Narrator (uncredited)
The Spoilers (1955) as Dextry
World in My Corner (1956) as Dave Bernstein
Backlash (1956) as Jim Bonniwell
I've Lived Before (1956) as Dr. Thomas Bryant
Away All Boats (1956) as Old Man /

masks:
John Clement
John Polly
John Overton


texts:
 Film Intro Voice-over
The Tin Star (1957) as Dr. Joseph Jefferson 'Doc' McCord
The Mark of the Hawk (1957) as Bruce Craig
Sing, Boy, Sing (1958) as Rev. Farley Walker
The Light in the Forest (1958) as <mask>
The Gunfight at Dodge City (1959) as Doc Sam Tremaine
Who Was That Lady? (1960) as Bob Doyle
Psycho (1960) as Sheriff Al Chambers
Elmer Gantry (1960) (with Burt Lancaster) as


texts:
<mask> (born April 19, 1935) is a cardiovascular surgeon, author, and health care consultant in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He practiced cardiovascular surgery in Tulsa, Oklahoma from 1967 until 1998. During this period he performed more than 10,000 surgeries. He also taught in medical schools, supervised surgery at two hospitals, wrote three books, and served as an expert witness in numerous legal cases involving medical issues. In the 1970s he worked for four years with engineers at a company which makes oil pumping equipment in an unsuccessful attempt to create an artificial heart. Beyond his medical practice, <mask> was involved in numerous charitable, scientific, and cultural institutions, as a donor, board member, trustee, and officer. Biography

Background, youth, and early education
Some of <mask>’s ancestors moved to Oklahoma from Georgia when it was the Indian Territory.The most prominent of these was Rev. Robert McGill <mask>, a Presbyterian minister who came to the Indian Territory as a missionary in 1843. In 1890 Reverend <mask>  was the co-author and publisher of the first English-Muscogee (Creek) dictionary. His maternal great grandfather, John Martin Tuck, operated a ferry on the Red River south of Marietta, Oklahoma in the late nineteenth century. <mask>’s father, William Floyd <mask> was born in 1915 in New Mexico where the family was homesteading. However, by the 1920s facing dire poverty, they moved back to Oklahoma, where <mask>’s grandfather was a truck driver

masks:
Billy Paul Loughridge
Loughridge
Loughridge
Loughridge
Loughridge
Loughridge
Loughridge
Loughridge


texts: and farmed a small plot of land outside of Ardmore. B.P.’s mother, Elizabeth (Shorter<mask>, was born in Oklahoma in 1916.Both his parents grew up in Ardmore, but were only able to attend school until the eighth grade. After their marriage, during the Great Depression, William Floyd and Elizabeth moved to a farm owned by Elizabeth’s family at Tuck’s Ferry on the Red River in southern Oklahoma. Both B.P. and his older sister Floydena were born in a farmhouse at Tuck’s Ferry, and spent their early years there. When <mask>. was born (1935) tens of thousands of Oklahoma farmers were moving west, driven from their land by the Dust Bowl. Floyd and <mask> did not move to California but when B.P.reached school age his parents moved back to Ardmore, because it could provide their son and daughter with greater educational opportunities. <mask> and his sister were the first high school graduates in his immediate family. At Ardmore High School he lettered in football as a defensive back. A determined, if not overly talented athlete, he became a Golden Gloves boxer, reaching the state quarter finals as a lightweight. While in high school and college he was also an amateur bull rider. For his fortieth birthday Loughridge participated in his final rodeo, riding a bull for six seconds. However, academics, not sports, were his real forte.<mask> graduated from Ardmore High School in 1953, and would later be the first graduate of that school to hold a Fulbright Fellowship for study abroad.

masks:
) Loughridge
B P
Elizabeth Loughridge
Loughridge
Loughridge


texts: After graduating high school he entered the University of Oklahoma at Norman, intending to become a physician. In his first year, he worked as dish washer and server in exchange for room and board. Unlike most pre-med students at the time, <mask> majored in sociology, because of his interests in social issues and his understanding that medicine could not be disconnected from the larger society. However, he had minors in both chemistry and zoology to prepare for medical school. At the University of Oklahoma he joined the Sigma Chi fraternity. Some four decades later he would be honored as a “Significant Sig” for his lifetime achievements.He graduated from college in the spring of 1957 and that fall entered the University of Oklahoma School of Medicine in Oklahoma City. He financed his medical education with loans from the Kellogg Foundation, washing glassware at night at the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, and working as an exterminator for a pest control company. He finished medical school in 1961 and shortly after graduation married Linda Faye Harrell (April 24, 1940 – August 16, 2012), who finished her undergraduate education at the University of Oklahoma that year. Their marriage would last more than half a century, until her death in 2012. After their three children were grown, Linda Faye focused her energies on charitable work with cultural institutions, like the Tulsa Philharmonic and Tulsa Opera, the Tulsa Junior League, and medical charities. She raised more


texts:
 than 1.5 million dollars for St. John Hospital in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Early medical career
Following his graduation from medical school, Dr. <mask> was an intern at the University of Texas Medical Center in Galveston (1961–62).He then spent four years (1962–66) as a general surgical resident at the University of Oklahoma Medical Center in Oklahoma City. In 1964, while still a resident at the University of Oklahoma Medical Center, Loughridge received a fellowship from the National Institute of Health (NIH) to conduct cardiovascular research. As an NIH Fellow he was one of the pioneering researchers working on the development of artificial tissue valves in heart surgery. Loughridge published the results of this research in the Surgical Forum in 1965. During this residency <mask> was the co-author of three other published scholarly articles. Loughridge’s scholarship led him to Sahlgrenska University in Göteberg, Sweden, as a Fulbright scholar in 1966–67. Before he headed to Sweden Loughridge, reflecting common understandings of socialized medicine in the US at the time, suggested that socialized medicine was leading to a decline in the number of men becoming physicians in that country.But <mask> also noted that medical residence “earn a higher salary” in Sweden than in the US, and that the medical case was as good as in the United States. He also noted that while Sweden he would probably have a higher standard of living there than he did as a resident in the United States.

masks: Loughridge Loughridge Loughridge


texts: While in Sweden <mask> did research on liver transplant techniques with Dr. Steg <mask>, who would go on to be one of the world’s experts on liver surgery and the founder of the World Association of HPB. The research from <mask>’s Fulbright year demonstrated that a patient could survive with removal of up to 95 per cent of the liver, and that over time the liver would regenerate to its original size. The Sahlgresnska team also developed techniques for killing cancer cells by cutting off arterial blood supply to the liver. This research was published in articles that appeared in the Annals of Surgery (1968), Acta Hepato-splenologica (1970), and the Journal of the Oklahoma Medical Association (1968). This work and research remains the basis of some modern surgical treatment for liver cancer.Upon his return from Sweden, <mask> joined Cardiovascular Surgery, Inc., an existing surgical practice in Tulsa, Oklahoma founded by Dr. Albert Lauck Shirkey (1933–2009). <mask> and Shirkey would team up to perform the first heart value replacement surgeries in eastern Oklahoma. They also worked on creating an artificial heart in cooperation with the Byron Jackson Pump, Company. He also enlisted in the U.S. Air Force Reserves, and served as a medical officer from 1968 to 1971, achieving the rank of major. In 1971–72 <mask> moved to Syracuse, New York where he served as a Senior Resident in Thoracic Surgery at the State University of New York Upstate Medical University. There he worked

masks: Loughridge Bengmark Loughridge Loughridge Loughridge Loughridge


texts:
 with the renowned thoracic surgeon and researcher Dr. Watts R. Webb. Before moving to Upstate Medical, Webb had served as the president of the Southern Thoracic Surgical Association.While working under Webb, <mask> perfected his skills, techniques, and knowledge of cardiac and thoracic surgery. Tulsa career
In 1972 <mask> returned to Tulsa, and founded Thorasic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Inc., which he would head until shortly before his retirement in 1998.  to begin what was to become more than a quarter of a century of practice specializing in heart, chest, and vascular surgery. In this practice he would perform more than 10,000 surgeries. In 1974 the American College of Cardiology elected <mask> as a fellow. Two years later he was elected president of the Tulsa chapter of the American Heart Association. During this period he worked on the development of an artificial heart. In addition to his busy medical practice, <mask> served as a professor of surgery at the Tulsa campus of the University of Oklahoma School of Medicine and at Oral Roberts University School of Medicine.<mask>’s partner, Albert Shireky also taught there. <mask> was the Chief of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery at two of Tulsa’s main hospitals, St. John Hospital and at St. Francis Hospital. He continued to present his research and summaries of his work at various medical conventions. Shortly before he retired from active surgery, he began to serve as an expert witness in legal controversies

masks: Loughridge Loughridge Loughridge Loughridge Loughridge Loughridge


texts:
 involving medical issues. When not practicing medicine, <mask> was active in numerous civic, cultural and scientific organizations. He was president of the Tulsa Chapter of the American Heart Association,  served on the Board of Trustees of Oral Roberts University, the Philbrook Museum of Art, and Camp Loughridge, a summer day camp for underprivileged children named for his great-grand-uncle, Rev. <mask>.In 1998 he retired from active medical practice, but continued to be involved in medical research, working as an expert witness, and consulting. He also continues to provide primary medical care on a volunteer basis for indigent patients through Catholic Charities of Tulsa. In 2010 he was appointed to the Board of Directors of the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, which funds medical research worldwide. As a medical student, Dr. <mask> had been employed by the foundation as a laboratory assistant to wash the test tubes, beakers, and other scientific glassware used by the center. Publications

Journal articles and presentations
 Williams, G. R., <mask>, B. P., <mask>, W. E., Campbell, G. S. 1964. "Iliofemoral Vein Thrombosis." Journal of the Oklahoma State Medical Association 37:143–145.Roberts, L. B., <mask>, B. P., Williams, G. R. 1964. "Relationship Between Lung Distensibility Pulmonary Blood Flow and Pulmonary Blood Volume." Surgical Forum 18:181–183. <mask>, B.P., <mask>, Richard, Williams, G. R. 1965. "Effect of Isolated in vivo Perfusion of the Canine Liver

masks:
Loughridge
Robert Loughridge
Loughridge
Loughridge
Price
Loughridge
Loughridge
Bottomley


texts: with 5-Fluorouracil." (Abstract). Clinical Research 13:48, .<mask>, B. P., Shadid, E. A., Seetapun, Anun, Williams, G. R. 1965. "The Use of Fibrocollagenous Tissue as Cardiac Valve Replacement." Surgical Forum 16. Almersjo, O., <mask>rk, S., Engevik, L., Hafstrom, L. O. <mask>, B. P., Nilsson, L.A.V. 1968. "Serum Enzyme Changes after Hepatic Dearterialization in Man." Annals of Surgery 167(1).<mask>, B. P., Amersjo, O., Hafstrom, L. O., <mask>, S. 1968. "Dearterialization of the Liver in Malignant Metastatic Disease." Journal of the Oklahoma State Medical Association 61(5): 207–211. <mask>, S. Hafstrom, L. O., <mask>, <mask>., <mask>, K. 1970. "Changes in Coagulation Factors after Hepatic Artery Ligation in Dogs." Acta Hepato-splenologica 17(6). Slagle, R. C. <mask>, <mask>., Conrad, L.L., Hawkins, H.M., <mask>, D.L., Kalbfleisch, J. M. 1977."Early Coronary Artery Bypass after Non-intramural Myocardial Infarction." Presented at OSIM-ACP Annual Meeting, 1977. <mask>, <mask>., Lain, K.C., <mask>, S.H., Shirkey, A.L. 1980. "Complications Following Use of Intra-aortic Balloon Cardiac-assist Device." Presented Oklahoma State Medical Association. <mask>, <mask>.1984. "Anatomic Variations of Great Vessel Arteriosclerotic Vascular Disease." Exhibit at Oklahoma State Medical Association. Loughridge, B.P., Basta, Lofty. 1985. "Percutaneous Balloon Coronary Angioplasty vs. Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting." Presented Oklahoma State Medical Association.Loughridge, B.P. 1988.

masks:
Loughridge
Bengma
Loughridge
Loughridge
Benjmark
Bengmark
Loughridge
B P
KorasaBengtsen
Loughridge
B P
Brewer
Loughridge
B P
Brown
Loughridge
B P


texts:
 "Treatment of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms." Presented St. John’s Cardiovascular Institute Annual Symposium. Books
 Loughridge, B.P. 2000. The Cardiac Surgeon’s Diet and Health Design.Health Design. ——. 2002. Every Breath You Take. Health Design. ——. 2011.Ticker: A User Guide for Everyone with a Heart. Health Design. Honors and professional affiliations

Special honors
 Fulbright Scholarship for Surgical Research (Gothenburg, Sweden)
 Past President, American Heart Association (Tulsa Oklahoma Chapter)
 Significant Sig, Sigma Chi (2001)
Heart of Tulsa Award, American Heart Association February 2018

Professional society affiliations
 American College of Chest Physicians
 American Medical Association
 Oklahoma State Medical Association
 Tulsa County Medical Society
 Fellow, American College of Surgeons
 Fellow, American College of Cardiology
 Society of Thoracic Surgeons
 Southern Thoracic Surgical Association
 Fellow, International College of Surgeons
 Society of Vascular Surgeons

References

American surgeons
Living people
1935 births
State University of New York Upstate Medical University faculty
People from Ardmore,


texts:
<mask>-<mask> (, 1892–1973), variously spelled as Arif el Arif, 'Arif el-'Arif, etc., was a Palestinian journalist, historian and politician. He served as mayor of East Jerusalem in the 1950s during the  Jordanian annexation of the West Bank. Biography
<mask>-<mask> was born in 1892 as <mask> in Jerusalem in 1892. His father was a vegetable vendor. Excelling at his studies in primary school, he was sent to high school in the Ottoman Empire. He attended the Marjan Preparatory School and Mulkiyya College in Istanbul. During his college studies, he wrote for a Turkish newspaper.Later, he worked as a translator for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He served as an officer in the Ottoman Army in World War I. He was captured on the Caucasus front and spent three years in a prisoner of war camp in Krasnoyarsk, Siberia. In Krasnoyarsk, he edited a newspaper in handwritten Arabic called Nakatullah [Camel of God] and translated Ernst Haeckel's Die Weltraethsel ("The Riddles of the Universe") into Turkish. After the Russian Revolution he escaped and returned to Ottoman Palestine. <mask> al-<mask> died on 30 July 1973, in al-Bireh. Political activism

By 1919, <mask> was involved in political activism in Palestine, agitating for unity of Palestine with Syria.In October 1919, he became editor of the recently established newspaper Suriya al-Janubiya (Southern Syria), which was the first Arab nationalist newspaper published in Jerusalem and was an organ of the al-Nadi al-'Arabi (The Arab Club). Initially the paper supported the British military authorities, but soon became an opponent of the British Mandate.

masks:
Aref al
Aref
Aref al
Aref
Aref Shehadeh
Aref
Aref
al Aref


texts:
 Al-<mask> attended the Nebi Musa religious festival in Jerusalem in 1920 riding on his horse, and gave a speech at the Jaffa Gate. The nature of his speech is disputed. According to Benny Morris, he said "If we don't use force against the Zionists and against the Jews, we will never be rid of them", while Bernard Wasserstein wrote "he seems to have cooperated with the police, and there is no evidence that he actively instigated violence". In fact, "Zionist intelligence reports of this period are unanimous in stressing that he spoke repeatedly against violence". Soon the festival became a riot involving attacks on the local Jews.Al-<mask> was arrested for incitement, but when he was let out on bail he escaped to Syria together with co-accused Haj Amin al-Husseini. In another version, he was warned and escaped before being arrested. He advised Arabs against violence, urging them instead to adopt the "discipline, silence, and courage" of their opponents. In his absence, a military court sentenced him to 10 years imprisonment. In Damascus, al-<mask> became a deputy to the General Syrian Congress and with Hajj Amin and others formed al-Jam'iyya al-'Arabiyya al-Filastiniyya (Palestinian Arab Society). He became its Secretary-General and campaigned against the decisions of the San Remo conference. After the French invasion of Syria in July 1920, he fled to Transjordan.He returned to Jerusalem late in 1920 after being pardoned by the new British High Commissioner of Palestine, Herbert Samuel, but the government refused to allow his newspaper to reopen. Political career
In 1921, he was appointed as a

masks: Aref Aref Aref


texts:
 district Officer of the British administration by the Civil Secretary, Colonel Wyndham Deedes. He served in that capacity in Jenin, Nablus, Beisan, and Jaffa. In 1926 he was seconded to the Government of Transjordan as Chief Secretary, where he served for three years. However he continued his political activities on the side to the displeasure of his British superior. He returned to Palestine in 1929, where he served as District Officer in Beersheba and later in Gaza. In 1933 he received a special commendation from the High Commissioner for keeping his district quiet during a time of disturbances elsewhere.In 1942 he was promoted and transferred to al-Bireh. He continued as a Mandate official until 1948. Upon Jordanian control of the West Bank, al-Aref was first appointed military governor of Ramallah governorate, and then, from 1949 to 1955, served as mayor of East Jerusalem. In 1967, he was appointed director of the Palestine Archaeological Museum (Rockefeller Museum) in Jerusalem. Published works
All following books have been published in Arabic, unless mentioned otherwise, and the English titles are literal translations of the Arabic ones. [The] Bedouin Law/Bedouin Judiciary (Al Qadaa bayn al Badou), 1933; new edition published in Beirut, 2001
History of Beersheba and its Tribes (Tarikh B’ir al-Sabi‘ wa Qabailiha), Jerusalem 1934. Probably identical with "The Bedouin Love, Law and Legend: History of Beersheba and Its Tribes", 1934
My Vision (Ru'yay), Jerusalem 1943
History of Gaza (Tarikh Ghazza), Jerusalem 1943
Gazan-Jerusalemite History (Tarigh Ghaza-Al Quds), Jerusalem 1943
'Aref


texts:
 el-'Aref, in collaboration with/editor Harold W. Tilley, in English.Bedouin Love, Law and Legend, Dealing Exclusively with the Badu of Beersheba. Jerusalem 1944. Also listed as Bedouin Love, Law and Legend: History of Beersheba and Its Tribes. History of al-Haram al-Sharif (Tarikh al-Haram al-Sharif or Tarikh al-Haram al-Qudsi), Jerusalem 1947
History of Jerusalem (Tarikh al-Quds), Cairo 1951 and/or Summary of the History of Jerusalem (Al Mijaz fi Tarikh al Quds), Cairo 1951
The Disaster (al-Nakba), six vols., 1956–1961. Also listed as The catastrophe: The catastrophe of Jerusalem and the lost paradise (al-Nakba: Nakbat Bayt al-Maqdis wal-firdaws al-mafqud)
The Detailed History of Jerusalem (al-Mufassal fi Tarikh al-Quds), Jerusalem 1961

References

Bibliography

, quoting the official history of the Haganah

 Very limited access to the text on Google Books. Arab people in Mandatory Palestine
Palestinian historians
1891 births
1973 deaths
Mayors of Jerusalem
Arabs in Ottoman Palestine
World War I prisoners of war held by Russia
Ottoman prisoners of war
Ottoman Army officers
Ottoman military personnel of World War I
20th-century historians
Chief Secretaries of Transjordan
Palestine


texts:
<mask> (; August 13, 1890 – March 13, 1970) was a political activist, diplomat, writer, and a colonel in the army of the Ukrainian National Republic (UNR). His military career took him from being a sub-poruchik in the Imperial Russian Army to the leadership of the State Inspectorate of the Army of the UNR. Subsequently, he served as in the diplomatic corps of the UNR to the Ottoman Empire and the Baltic States, and went on to play a major role in the Ukrainian American community as an exile in the United States. Biography

Early years
<mask> was born in Kherson into a family of landowners originally of Prussian origin of Ostoja. His father's and mother's families had considerable land holdings along the Inhul and Inhulets rivers. He began his studies at home with his two younger brothers, and mastered Greek, German and a number of Slavic languages. After his father's death, he and his brothers lived on the estate of their maternal grandfather Mykola Lyps'kyi.In his autobiography "Outlines of the Past" («Обриси минулого») <mask> wrote that the family spoke mainly in Ukrainian, and that his grandfather gave him Ukrainian-language books. In 1905, <mask> and some of his peers came under the influence of the Ukrainian Socialist Revolutionary Party, which argued that social liberation was not possible without Ukrainian national liberation. Several revolutionary groups were formed by Kherson youth. They adhered to the political program of the Socialist Revolutionaries, but were under the influence and leadership of Ukrainophiles. The groups staged performances of Ukrainian plays as propaganda campaigns among the Ukrainian peasantry, but these were soon banned, and many of the group members were arrested. Kedrowsky escaped arrest by illegally leaving the country in early 1907. <mask> graduated from the Kherson Realgymnasium, and completed his education at the Naval School.However, his Ukrainian anti-Imperial activism

masks:
Volodymyr Kedrowsky
Kedrowsky
Kedrowsky
Kedrowsky
Kedrowsky


texts:
 (especially among sailors) prevented him from obtaining a position with the Imperial Russian Navy. He moved to Odessa, where he studied at the  Imperial Novorossiya University from 1907 to 1911, obtaining a degree in statistics and economics. After graduating, Kedrowsky married fellow Kherson native Marta Odarik. Early political life
Since his youth, Kedrowsky belonged to the Central Committee of the Ukrainian Socialist Revolutionary Party, and was a member of the Kherson Hromada. From 1911 to July 19, 1914 he worked in the Kherson Zemstvo as an employee and then the head of the Statistical Division. In his autobiography, he described the Zemstvo as a citadel of Ukrainophiles. The Board sought permission from the government for the teaching of the Ukrainian language in public schools, and that all public libraries distributed Ukrainian books.While at the Zemstvo, Kedrovskiy conducted a study that revealed the loss of literacy among people whose schooling was in Russian, but who later had no access to literature written in their native Ukrainian. Based on these results, Kedrowsky conducted a review of public education in the Kherson gubernia for 1910 and non-school educational activity in 1912. For this work, <mask> received a silver medal on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Zemstvo. The statistical work of the Ukrainian Zemstvos became the basis of a bill on the need to teach children in their native language which was introduced in the Fourth State Duma, but which did not pass due to the outbreak of World War I. Every summer during 1912–1914 Kedrowsky had the responsibility of organizing 6-week general education courses for teachers at rural schools in the Kherson gubernia. Under the guidance of members of the Kherson Hromada, Kedrowsky structured the courses in a way that introduced about five hundred teachers to the basics of Ukrainian Studies. This had to be done carefully, however,


texts:
 because the curricula and lecturers had to be confirmed by the Imperial Ministry of Education, whose representatives were instructed to ensure that there was no anti-Russian "sedition".Russian military service
On July 19, 1914 <mask> was drafted into the Imperial Russian Army, serving in the 48th infantry reserve regiment. From August 1914 to January 1915 he took part in battles against the German army in East Prussia. He was awarded the Order of St. George for bravery in battle. From July 1 to November 1, 1915 he attended the Odessa Military Cadet School, which he graduated at the top of his class and received the rank of praporshchik. From December 1, 1916 to June 15, 1917 he served as a gunnery commander in the Caucasian Native Mounted Division, which fought on the Galician and Rumanian fronts against Austrian, German, and Ottoman troops. Shortly afterwards, the commanders of the division forced Kedrowsky to leave, due to his pro-Ukrainian sentiments and his attempts to form a Ukrainian unit within the division. The Ukrainian War of Independence
After the outbreak of the Russian Revolution, Kedrowsky was active in the  Ukrainianization of military units.In May 1917 he participated in the meeting of the First National Military Congress in Kyiv, which marked a major turning point in his life. Prior to this, he had assumed that after the war Ukrainians would be free to decide their own future. But at the Congress he learned of the fierce opposition to this from the Russian side. <mask> became an ardent follower of Symon Petliura, and spoke at the Congress about the need for the formation of Ukrainian national army. The Congress approved the creation of a Ukrainian General Military Committee as part of the Central Council of Ukraine. At the Second Ukrainian Military Congress in June 1917, <mask> was elected Deputy Chairman of the Ukrainian General Military Committee and led its Mobilization and Military

masks: Kedrowsky Kedrowsky Kedrowsky


texts: Communications Section. He sought to quickly Ukrainianize military garrisons, unify the many small Ukrainian military units scattered along various fronts, and redeploy combat troops from the northern and western fronts to the southern and Romanian fronts.He was, however, met with strong resistance from the Russian Provisional Government  and the Russian military command. In late August 1917 the Russian Provisional Government began to limit the powers of the Ukrainian Central Council. At <mask>'s initiative, a secret committee was formed to protect the national rights of Ukraine, consisting of himself, Mykhailo Hrushevskyi, <mask> Vynnychenko, Mykola Porsh, Mykhailo Tkachenko, Mykola Kovalevskyi, M. Saltan, and Symon Petliura. On September 1, 1917, he was appointed Deputy Secretary of Military Affairs in the Ukrainian People's Republic, and received the rank of lieutenant-colonel of the Ukrainian People's Army. He resigned his position in March 1918 in protest of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and the subsequent entry of German troops into Ukraine. From April to October 1918 he led the Statistical Bureau and the Department of Education and Libraries in the Kherson Zemstvo. In November, 1918, as Pavlo Skoropadskyi's Hetmanate was collapsing, Kedrowsky had an emergency meeting with Yevhen Konovalets and Fedir Chernyk of the Sich Riflemen.On November 15, he was appointed Chief of Mobilization and Quartermaster General for the army of the Directorate and promoted to colonel. He later took part in street battles against Bolshevik forces in Kyiv. In early 1919 he was the military attaché of the UNR to the Ottoman Empire, and served as chairman of the commission investigating the "Oskilko Affair". In April 1919, Kedrowsky was named special operations commander under Oleksander Osetsky. His investigatory trips to the front left him so disappointed that he proposed the formation of an Army agency responsible for restoring

masks: Kedrowsky Volodymyr


texts:
 order. Based on his proposal, a State Inspectorate was created by the UNR, and on May 16 received the command from Petliura to take the duties of Chief State Inspector of the Army of the UNR. In December 1919 he began a string of diplomatic assignments as UNR ambassador to Latvia, Estonia and Finland.In 1920 he was a UNR delegate at the Russian-Polish peace negotiations that lead to the Treaty of Riga, and in 1921 was a special military representative of the Directory and personal representative of Petliura to the Turkish government. At the beginning the War, his wife Marta and their four children lived in Kherson with her parents. By the early 1920s, their children and the entire Odarik family had died, and Marta had rejoined her husband in the Baltics. Exile
After the complete occupation of Ukraine by the Bolsheviks, a return by <mask> and his wife to their homeland would have been suicidal. Instead, they settled in Baden, Austria, where he held the presidency of the Ukrainian Fellowship of Supporters of the League of Nations, and was elected vice-president of the Association of Ukrainian Journalists in Europe. In December 1923, <mask> and his wife immigrated to the United States. He first found employment in the residential building construction industry, and became active in Ukrainian-American organizations.In the late 1920s, he was a member of the School Council of the Association of Ukrainian American Organizations, which sought to reform and standardize the teaching of the Ukrainian language to Ukrainian-American children. Later, he purchased a farm in New Jersey, and worked as a film producer for the Ukrainian Canadian Motion Picture Company, as well as producer-director of Ukrainian live theater productions. Kedrowsky served as co-editor of the Svoboda newspaper from 1926 to 1933. In March 1932, his wife Marta died, and in October 1932 Kedrowsky married Katherine Schutock (Shattuck). Katherine was a

masks: Kedrowsky Kedrowsky


texts:
 graduate of City College, and was active participant in the Ukrainian-American community, being a charter member and treasurer of the Ukrainian National Women's League of America. Their son George was born in 1936. From 1941 to 1955 he worked for the General Cable Corporation in Perth Amboy, and from 1955 to 1963 he worked for the United States Department of State and served as the chief of the Ukrainian Service of the Voice of America.He died in Metuchen, and is buried in St. Andrew Memorial Cemetery in South Bound Brook, NJ. Documentary heritage
During his life, <mask> amassed a major collection of stamps, coins, books, and archival materials. Portions of his library were donated to the Library of Congress, various universities, and the library of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA (now a part of the Ukrainian Historical and Educational Center). His historically valuable archive (which includes correspondence with Symon Petliura) can now be found at the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Science in the US  and the Ukrainian Historical and Educational Center of New Jersey. Notes

References
 George V<mask> and Ingert J. Kuzych (2003). "A Ukrainian patriot, philatelist and numismatist". The Ukrainian Weekly, vol.71, no. 14, p. 12. <mask>, V. (1966) Обриси минулого (Obrysy Mynuloho, Sketches of the Past). Svoboda (New York, Jersey City). Mykola Olenkovs'kyi. Володимир Кедровський – авторитетна постать української західної діаспори ("Volodymyr Kedrovs'kyi – avtorytentna postat' ukrains'koi diaspory" – "<mask> Kedrowsky – An Authoritative Figure of the Ukrainian Diaspora")
 <mask> <mask> (1890-1970) // 1989 Liubov Artemovna Drazhevska,Vol.ХП, 1969–72, N1-2, s..284-285
 Rodovid Volodymyr Kedrowsky (рос. )Володимир Кедровський

1890 births
1970 deaths
People from Kherson
People from Kherson Governorate
Ukrainian military leaders
Ukrainian anti-communists
Ukrainian refugees
Clan Ostoja
Ukrainian diplomats
Ambassadors

masks:
Kedrowsky
. Kedrowsky
Kedrowsky
Volodymyr
Volodymyr
Kedrowsky


texts:
<mask> (née Polini; April 15, 1924 – September 29, 2013) was an Italian-born cooking writer whose books were published in English. Her cookbooks are credited with introducing the public in the United States and the United Kingdom to the techniques of traditional Italian cooking. She was considered by chefs and fellow food writers to be the doyenne of Italian cuisine. Biography

<mask> was born in 1924 in the town of Cesenatico in Emilia-Romagna. She earned double undergraduate  degrees in natural sciences and biology from the University of Ferrara and the University of Padua. She began her career as a science teacher. In 1955 she married <mask>, an Italian-born, New York-raised Sephardic Jew who subsequently gained fame as a wine writer, and the couple moved to New York City a few months later.<mask> had never cooked before her marriage. As she recounted in the introduction to her 1997 book Marcella Cucina:

She began by using cookbooks from Italy, but then realized that her clear memory of the flavors she had tasted at home allowed her to reproduce them herself. "Eventually I learned that some of the methods I adopted were idiosyncratically my own," she recalled, "but for most of them I found corroboration in the practices of traditional Italian cooks." <mask> began giving cooking lessons in her apartment and opened her own cooking school, the School of Classic Italian Cooking, in 1969. In the early 1970s, Craig Claiborne, who was then the food editor of the New York Times, asked her to contribute recipes to the paper. She published her first book, The Classic Italian Cook Book, in 1973. In 1980, having been published in a version adapted for a British readership by Anna Del Conte, it won an André Simon Award.A sequel, More Classic Italian Cooking, followed in 1978;

masks:
Marcella Hazan
Hazan
Victor Hazan
Hazan
Hazan


texts:
 the two were collected in one volume, Essentials of Classic Italian Cooking, in 1992. Her 1997 book Marcella Cucina won the James Beard Foundation book award for Best Mediterranean Cookbook and the Julia Child Award for Best International Cookbook  the following year. She wrote in Italian, and her books were translated by her husband. <mask>'s cookbooks concentrate on strictly traditional Italian cookery, that without American or British influence. To that end, her recipes call for ingredients typical of the Italian home (with some concessions for ones not readily available outside Italy). They are also designed to fit into an Italian menu of two balanced 'principal courses' followed by a salad and dessert. Although <mask> prefers the painstaking approach of both preparing food by hand rather than machine and cooking it on burners atop the stove rather than in the oven, her recipes can yet be simple, one of the most popular of them (by her own report) consisting simply of a chicken roasted with two lemons in its cavity.Her celebrated recipe for Italian tomato sauce is frequently cited by the cooking section of the New York Times. Among the techniques <mask> suggests are:

 Choose vegetables that are in season and plan the entire meal around them. Soak vegetables in cold water for half an hour before cooking to remove all trace of grit. Cook them until they are tender, but not mushy, so that they have a rich flavour. When sautéing onions, put them in a cold pan with oil and heat them gently; this will make them release their flavour gradually and give them a mellower taste than starting them in a hot pan. Although some types of pasta, like tagliatelle, are best made fresh at home, others, like spaghetti, should be bought dried. Pasta should be matched carefully to

masks: Hazan Hazan Hazan


texts:
 sauce.Olive oil isn't always the best choice for frying; in delicately flavoured dishes, a combination of butter and vegetable oil should be used. Garlic presses should be avoided at all costs. <mask> frequently prefaces her recipes with descriptions of how the food is eaten in Italy, or with her own memories of it. For example, her recipe for coffee ice with whipped cream, included in Essentials of Classic Italian Cooking, begins:

<mask> has been credited with starting a craze for balsamic vinegar, something she later regretted because she thought people were overusing it. Craig Claiborne said of <mask>'s work, "No one has ever done more to spread the gospel of pure Italian cookery in America". The food critic Jeffrey Steingarten, who once travelled to the Hazans' second home in Venice for a cooking lesson, predicted that Essentials of Classic Italian Cooking "will become the essential Italian cookbook for an entire generation". In a review of Marcella's Italian Kitchen for salon.com, Craig Seligman criticized <mask>'s "impatient and judgmental tone", but added: "... her recipes are so beautiful and so reliable and, most of the time, so brilliantly simple that what can you do but venerate her and love her in spite of herself?"In 1998, <mask> retired from her cooking school, and she and Victor moved to Longboat Key, Florida. There <mask> found that she could no longer get some of the Italian ingredients she had taken for granted in New York, and she decided to write a cookbook for people in the same situation. The result was Marcella Says ..., published in 2004. <mask> taught courses at the French Culinary Institute. In 2003 she was made a Knight of the Order of the Star of Italian Solidarity. <mask> <mask> died on September 29, 2013, in Longboat Key, Florida. Her

masks: Hazan Hazan Hazan Hazan Hazan Hazan Hazan Marcella Hazan


texts:
 son, Giuliano, is also a noted cookery writer and teacher.Awards
 Maria Luigia, Duchess of Parma, Gold Medal (Italy)
 James Beard Foundation's Who's Who of Food and Beverage in America, 1986
 Silver Spoon Award from Food Arts magazine, 1992 (with <mask>)
 Golden Cheese Knife, 1997 (Italy)
 James Beard Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award, 2000
 Cavaliere della Stella della Solidarietà Italiana (Knight of the Order of the Star of Italian Solidarity), Italy, 2003
 Lifetime Achievement Award, International Association of Culinary Professionals, 2004

Bibliography
The Classic Italian Cook Book: The Art of Italian Cooking and the Italian Art of Eating (1973)
More Classic Italian Cooking (1978)
Marcella's Italian Kitchen (1986)
Essentials of Classic Italian Cooking (1992) (The Classic Italian Cook Book and More Classic Italian Cooking combined and revised)
Marcella Cucina (1997)
Marcella Says: Italian Cooking Wisdom from the Legendary Teacher's Master Classes With 120 of Her Irresistible New Recipes (2004)
Amarcord: Marcella Remembers (Gotham Books, 2008)
Ingredienti: Marcella's Guide to the Market (with <mask>, Scribner, 2016)

References

External links
Marcella <mask> Chef Profile at Epicurious
Marcella Hazan: Italian Cooking with a Master from National Public Radio. Radio interview in RealMedia or Windows Media. James Beard Foundation press release
IACP biography
Blog cooking through <mask>'s books

1924 births
2013 deaths
People from Cesenatico
Italian biologists
American women biologists
Italian women biologists
Italian emigrants to the United States
Italian food writers
American food writers
People from Longboat Key, Florida
Women cookbook writers
James Beard Foundation Award winners
International Association of Culinary Professionals award winners
21st-century

masks:
Victor Hazan
Victor Hazan
Hazan
Hazan


texts:
<mask> is a contemporary artist. He developed through his artworks since the 1980s the ideas of Planetary Art and Technoromanticism. Planetary Art is an art form which takes the Earth in its planetary dimension as its basis for artistic creation. Technoromanticism is the theory of links between art and new technologies, within the context of the threats posed to Nature by technoscience and economic development. Technoromanticism also seeks to analyse the return of the human body within technological arts, formulating the hypothesis that a technological society needs a corporeal rebalancing of perceptions. "<mask> occupies, in Europe, a prominent place in the search for a spatio-temporal definition of the video image." Selected works and projects
All these artworks are documented in <mask>'s HDR  on the Technoromanticism website.Planetary artwork

Thaon/New York
Satellite audio transmission and slow-scan TV between the medieval church of Thaon in Normandy, France, and The Cloisters in New York City - June 1987. Only satellite transmission by a European artist, this artwork anticipates global or planetary art which developed later with the internet. Orient Express
<mask> <mask> rode the Orient Express from Paris to Budapest and every hour took a Polaroid of what he saw. In Budapest the 25 Polaroids of that one-way trip were scanned on computer and sent to Paris by modem. The same process was used from Budapest to Paris, and the 25 digitised Polaroids of the return trip were sent from Paris to Budapest - Institut Français, Budapest October 1987 - New version, exhibition at OSTRALE / DRESDEN - sept. 2010. Berlin / Peking
Seven television sets showing images from the Berlin Wall and Berliners facing seven television sets showing images from China and the

masks:
Stéphan Barron
Stéphan Barron
Stéphan Barron
Stéphan
Barron


texts:
 Great Wall. Alice
Transtlantic installation for the transinteractifs - Paris / Toronto - November 1988

Lines (Traits)
<mask> and Sylvia Hansmann followed the Greenwich Meridian by car from the English Channel to the Mediterranean Sea and from Villers-sur-Mer to Castillon de la Plana.With their car fax they regularly sent images and texts about their trip to other faxes located in eight different European locations (among them was Ars Electronica) - 1989. Autoportrait
In the exhibition space, a robot arrow indicated where <mask> could be found. <mask> built this telephone-operated robot in collaboration with the engineer Jerome Gilbert, a specialist in home automation - 1991. Les plantes de mon jardin
Every day, <mask> sent images of the plants in his tiny garden from Hérouville in France by fax to Prague - Spala Galery, Prague - 1991. À perte d’entendre
Linked by walkie-talkie to the Brandenburg Gate, <mask> walked away from it eight successive times in eight different directions. Each time he lost audio contact, he there and then took a Polaroid picture. The project was carried out at the Brandenburg Gate, symbol of the immaterial border between east and west - Sakchewsky Galery, Berlin - 1991.Le bleu du ciel
Two computers, one located in Tourcoing and the other in Toulon, were connected by telephone. They calculated in real time the average of the colours in the northern and southern skies. The same planetary interactive installation was shown between Paris and Munich in 1995 (Unesco Award) - Tourcoing School of Art - 1994. Le jour et la nuit (Night and day)
Two computers, one in Brazil, one in Australia, averaged the images of the skies of the two countries - Arte tecnologia, São Paulo - 1995. Ozon
Measurements taken of ozone produced by

masks:
Stephan Barron
Stephan Barron
Stephan Barron
Stephan Barron
Stephan Barron


texts:
 motor car pollution in the city of Lille, and measurements taken of ultraviolet radiation coming through the ozone layer were transformed into sounds via the Internet that were projected onto the streets of Roubaix and in the garden of the Old Treasury Building in Adelaide - Adelaide International Festival - 1996. Eurotunnel
Stéphan <mask> and Sylvia Hansmann travel by boat across the English Channel directly above the path of the Channel Tunnel; at regular intervals they throw buoys equipped with beacons linked to satellites. This marking out of the Channel's path is eventually dispersed by the wind and ocean currents - Project.Com-post
Online artwork - Web surfers send in their texts by e-mail. Poetry, texts expressing love and hate or utopian views, all forms are accepted. All are then composed! http://www.com_post.org - 2000

Fusil
Online artwork on guns  - 2003 - http://www.fusil.biz

corpo@corpo
One of the first artworks using cell phone: MMS, SMS, email and digital photograph - Biennale de Venezia 2005.

wyfy®
Video and performance - Biennale de Lyon 2007, FRUC. Le Nouveau Voyage
110 years after his ancestor's epic journey, Stéphan <mask> takes the same route as seen by satellite. This work is presented as a performance-projection but can also be experienced more personally with mobile phone and the internet. Le FRUC - April 2009.

o-o-o
Live performance and sound installation transforms in real time using singing voices measures of ozone from the GOME satellite spinning around earth and measures of ozone produced by city pollution in the exhibition center.Le FRUC - 2008. Contact
Two seemingly unconnected copper plates in two different locations. When someone places a hand on the first plate, the second will begin to warm up. FRUC &

masks: Barron Barron


texts:
 ECAP congress 2008. Monochromes
Monochromes draw the viewers into a pure perception of colour without the presence of a physical art work. One experiences the depth of pure colour - the colour within. 2012.Thermochromes
The thermochromes are hand imprints created with paint that disappears at human body temperature. They follow <mask> <mask>'s installation contact. 3Dedalus
3D print sculpture of a Daedalean labyrinth. This cubic labyrinth is formed by stacking 25 QR codes tracing the path of Leopold Bloom, hero of James Joyce's Ulysses through the streets of Dublin. 2014. Photography

Prières
Installation of 14 digital photograph sized 120x160 in FRUC Artcenter, Montpellier - July 2003

Video Art

Baltic
Videotape (18 min) + Sound of the stones and clash of primitive materials: earth, straw, grass and sky. Key words: Carnac, Zen garden, land-art, ready-made.Music: Deficit Des Années Anterieures - 1985

New York
Videotape (4 min 30 sec) + New York, machine, mechanical constraints with muffled sounds. New York, energy, foaming and perpetual movement. New York, black and white mixing - Music: Vivenza -1985 -1986

Orient express
Video performance-installation - 1987, Paris/Budapest. Shown in Stockholm in 1988

Wall
Video environment made of 4 walls of 4 times 4 TV monitors. On the videos: close-up views of city walls. Meditation, concentration, expansion - 1987. Shown in Vidéoformes  04/87 Clermont-Ferrand, Opéra de Lille 09/87, Sigma de Bordeaux 11/87, Vidéo Art Plastique d’Hérouville 11/87, CAC de St Quentin en Yvelynes 01/88

C'est d'autres tiroirs
Installation at Centre Culturel de Cherbourg - 1988

Nine 2 Five
Video Installation vidéo - Caen and Vire - Octobre 1987/Mai 1988

Dans la chaleur des concept
<mask> puts a TV set showing fire in the

masks:
Stéphan
Barron
Stephan Barron


texts:
 middle of the Icking forest near Munich.Fire symbolizes the domination of man over nature (a reference to Prometheus) and the possible danger of technology for man's survival - 1988. Signs of the times
Seven pieces of blue novelatto marble measuring 0.7 x 1 m engraved with the principal symbols of video - 1993

In the space of a day
Video process and installation about the space we go through in a day. - 1994

Thaon /New York
Video on the 1987 satellite transmission - 1990

Dans la chaleur des concepts
Video on the 1988 installation - 1990

Traits
Video on the artwork from 1989 - Voice from Pierre Restany - 1990

Hommage au «Chaos»
Video - 1993

Les plantes de mon jardin
Video on the project - 1994

Transmission
This video is made with the images of the slow-scan transmission Thaon / New York edited on the original sound transmission by the radio WNYC New York. The film is a succession of slow meditative images. These almost abstract images are like many black and white paintings slowly revealed. This film is an hypnotic artwork. - 2008

A perte d'entendre
Linked by walkie-talkie to the Brandenburg Gate, <mask> <mask> walked away from it 8 successive times in 8 different directions.Each time he lost audio contact, he there and then took a Polaroid picture. The video is made with the 8 images and the sound from 91 - 2008

Le Nouveau Voyage
Video on the planetary artwork «Le Nouveau Voyage» - 2009

Dvdremix
Limited Edition of historical and new remixed video artwork by <mask> <mask> starting 2010

References

External links

 Official website
 Youtube Channel
 Vimeo Channel

1961 births
Living people
French contemporary artists
French installation artists
20th-century French artists
French video artists
French digital artists
New media

masks: Stéphan Barron Stéphan Barron


texts:
<mask> (born 23 March 1980) is a Welsh professional snooker player. A prolific break-builder, he has compiled over 400 century breaks during his career, including two maximum breaks. He is a three-time World Championship quarter-finalist, has been ranked at no. 6 in the world and has won three ranking tournaments. Career

Early career
<mask> was born in Pontycymer, Bridgend. A top amateur, he reached the final of the IBSF Championship in China in November 1998 but lost on the final black. <mask> began his professional career by playing UK Tour in 1998, at the time the second-level professional tour.He was named Young Player of Distinction of the season 2000/2001 by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA). He won the 2001 Benson & Hedges Championship. With this win, he qualified for the 2002 Masters, where he defeated Dave Harold, before losing 0–6 to Stephen Hendry. He also won the WPBSA Challenge Tour in the 2001/2002 season and was named WPBSA Newcomer of the Year in 2002. Due to problems with his liver in 2003, his results suffered badly. In 2004, however, he qualified for the World Snooker Championship and he led John Higgins 9–7 in the first round, becoming the first player to score three  in his first Crucible match, but missed a pink in the 17th frame that would have left Higgins needing a snooker to stay in the tournament. Higgins went on to win the frame and the next two for the match.As some consolation, Higgins commented that <mask> was "going to be a top player for many years to come". 2005–2011
<mask> reached the quarter-finals of his home tournament, the 2005 Welsh Open defeating Ali Carter and Steve Davis along the way. He finished this season ranked 33, but as Quinten Hann did not participate in any events, <mask> was always among the top 32 seeds,

masks:
Ryan Day
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