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 the gold medal position after Andrii Serdinov and Michael Phelps went under the former world record. However, in the final of the 100-meter butterfly, Crocker swam a 50.98 to become the first man under 51 seconds and win the gold medal.When Crocker saw the time after the race, he thought the world record belonged to Phelps. <mask> earned his final medal, a gold, in the 4×100-meter medley relay. The American team recorded a time of 3:31.54 to beat the former world record set in 2002. 2004 Athens Summer Olympic Games

At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Crocker received a bronze medal as a member of the 400-meter freestyle relay team, a silver medal in the 100-meter butterfly, and a gold medal as a member of the world-record setting 400-meter medley relay team. Of the three medals he won at the 2004 Olympics, he is best remembered for his silver, as teammate Michael Phelps overtook him at the very end of the 100-meter butterfly to win the race by 0.04 seconds. Traditionally, the Olympian who places highest in an individual event will be automatically given the corresponding leg of the 4×100-meter medley relay for the finals swim. This gave Phelps an automatic entry into finals for the medley relay but he deferred that spot to the world record-holder and swam the butterfly leg in preliminary heats instead.Crocker had swum a slow leg leading off the 4×100-meter freestyle relay final, which may have cost the Americans a better medal, so Phelps' gesture gave Crocker a chance to make amends in a final. <mask> and the American medley team went on to win the event in world record time. (Phelps still received a gold, since he had swum in the preliminary heat of the medley relay.) 2005 World Aquatics Championships

At the 2005 World Aquatics Championships, <mask> won

masks: Crocker Crocker Crocker


type: original

texts:
 a total of three medals, two golds and one silver medal. In his first event, the 50 m butterfly, <mask> won a silver medal finishing behind South African Roland Schoeman, who set the world record. In the final of the 100 m butterfly, Crocker recorded a time of 50.40 to beat his own world record of 50.76 and win the gold medal. Crocker also handed Michael Phelps one of the worst losses in his career when Phelps finished over a second behind.With this win, <mask> was awarded a spot in the 4 × 100 m medley relay. <mask> did not disappoint and swam the butterfly leg in 50.39. The American team went on to win the gold medal. 2007 World Aquatics Championships
At the 2007 World Aquatics Championships, <mask> won two silver medals. In the 50-meter butterfly, Crocker won a silver medal finishing behind Schoeman. In the 100 m butterfly final, <mask> finished second to Phelps 50.82 to 50.77. In the heats of the 4×100-meter medley relay, Crocker dove in too early on an exchange, causing the disqualification of the American team.2008 Beijing Summer Olympic Games

<mask> competed in his third Olympics as a medal contender for his signature 100-meter butterfly. Many felt <mask>'s career was on a slide due to a poor showing in the Olympic trials and having not broken the 51-second barrier in over 12 months. <mask> finished in a tie for third in the semi-finals, behind Australia's Andrew Lauterstein. In the finals, he finished fourth behind teammate Phelps, Milorad Čavić, and Lauterstein, beating Kenyan swimmer Jason Dunford. He missed the medal stand by one hundredth of a second. Despite not earning a medal in his signature event, Crocker was given the opportunity to swim for the 4×100-meter medley relay in the preliminary heats. He earned a gold medal for his

masks: Crocker Crocker Crocker Crocker Crocker Crocker Crocker Crocker


texts:
 contribution.2011 return to drug testing pool
In the third quarter of 2011, <mask> returned to the USADA drug-testing pool. This fueled speculation that he might be considering a return to competitive swimming after more than three years away from the sport. Personal

Crocker attended Cheverus High School in Portland, Maine. Following the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, he has taken a break and started a swim school with former Longhorn teammate Neil Walker. He is now the head coach for a swim club in Austin, Texas, called the Western Hills Athletic Club (WHAC). See also

 List of multiple Olympic gold medalists
 List of multiple Olympic gold medalists in one event
 List of Olympic medalists in swimming (men)
 List of University of Texas at Austin alumni
 List of World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming (men)
 World record progression 50 metres butterfly
 World record progression 100 metres freestyle
 World record progression 100 metres butterfly
 World record progression 4 × 100 metres medley relay

References

External links

1982 births
Living people
American male butterfly swimmers
American male freestyle swimmers
World record setters in swimming
Medalists at the FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m)
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in swimming
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in swimming
Olympic silver medalists for the United States in swimming
Sportspeople from Portland, Maine
Swimmers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Texas Longhorns men's swimmers
World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Swimmers from Maine
Cheverus


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<mask> (born June 29, 1992) is an American professional mixed martial artist. She is signed to the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), where she competes in the women's strawweight division and is the two-time and current UFC Women's Strawweight Champion. As of January 17, 2022, she is ranked #3 in UFC women's pound-for-pound rankings. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on , to Lithuanian parents who had moved to the United States in September 1991. She was named <mask> () in honor of her great-grandmother Rožė Gotšalkaitė Namajūnienė, whose husband Juozas was an Independent Lithuania military officer. He enlisted in the Lithuanian military in 1933, and was promoted to lieutenant in 1936. During the Soviet invasion of Lithuania in 1939, he fought in the resistance.After the Soviets occupied the country, Juozas was forced to enlist in the Red Army. Following the German declaration of war on the Soviet Union and the subsequent Soviet retreat from the Baltic states, Juozas left the Red Army and retired to civilian life. When the Soviets re-occupied Lithuania, Juozas was arrested by the NKVD and sent to a prison camp. He was killed by Soviet KGB agents near his home in 1968. Namajunas's grandfather Algimantas Andriukonis was a successful wrestler, and won national championships in Lithuania and competitions in the USSR. Namajunas regularly visits Lithuania and communicates in the Lithuanian language with her grandparents. Namajunas's father Arturas, who suffered from schizophrenia, left the family when <mask> was still young and died of pneumonia in Germany in 2008, when <mask> was 16.Her mother was a pianist, trained at the Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre. Namajunas grew up in Milwaukee in a tough neighborhood, where she was a witness to violence from a young age. Her mother worked a lot and her brother was only rarely home. Her neighborhood friends nicknamed her "Thug <mask>", due to the fact that she was the only white girl among them and was the smallest, yet she was the

masks:
Rose Gertrude Namajunas
Namajunas
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose


texts:
 toughest one in their friend group. Namajunas has mentioned being a victim of child sexual abuse, while emphasizing that she does not want to speak about specific details. She graduated from Milwaukee High School of the Arts, where she was an accomplished cross-country runner. Martial arts training
<mask> started practicing taekwondo at the age of 5.She earned her poom belt (junior black belt) at age 9. After that, she went on to practice both karate and bjj. While in high school, she started training in kickboxing and mixed martial arts with Duke Roufus at Roufusport, and she was also a senior-year wrestler at Milwaukee High School of the Arts. Namajunas was scheduled to compete in a grappling match against Danielle Kelly on December 30, 2021, at Fury Pro Grappling 3 but was forced to withdraw from the event at the last minute due to a positive Covid-19 test and was replaced by Carla Esparza. Mixed martial arts career

Early career
<mask> began competing in MMA as an amateur in 2010. She trained under Greg Nelson at Minnesota Martial Arts Academy. She racked up a perfect amateur record of 4–0 with 2 wins by TKO and 2 by decision.Both of the finishes came in the first round. Invicta Fighting Championship
She made her professional debut against Emily Kagan at Invicta FC 4: Esparza vs. Hyatt on January 5, 2013. After two back-and-forth rounds, <mask> was able to secure the victory via submission due to a rear-naked choke in round three. The victory in her pro debut also earned her the Submission of the Night bonus. In her second professional appearance, <mask> faced Kathina Catron at Invicta FC 5: Penne vs. Waterson on April 5, 2013. She won the fight by submission due to a flying armbar just 12 seconds into the first round. This performance garnered Namajunas her second Invicta Submission of the Night award.Namajunas fought fellow undefeated prospect Tecia Torres at Invicta FC 6: Coenen vs. Cyborg on July 13, 2013. Namajunas lost the fight by unanimous decision. The Ultimate Fighter
On December 11, 2013, it

masks: Rose Namajunas Namajunas Namajunas


texts:
 was announced that Namajunas was signed by the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) along with 10 other strawweight fighters to compete on season 20 of The Ultimate Fighter, which would crown the first-ever UFC strawweight champion. Namajunas was the fourth pick by coach Gilbert Melendez. She defeated Alex Chambers by submission due to a rear-naked choke in the preliminary round of the tournament. In the quarter-finals, Namajunas faced Joanne Calderwood. She won the fight via kimura in the second round.In the semi-finals, <mask> faced Randa Markos. She again won the fight via kimura in the first round. In the final of the tournament, she fought Carla Esparza on December 12, 2014 at The Ultimate Fighter: A Champion Will Be Crowned Finale for the inaugural UFC Women's Strawweight Championship. She lost the bout via rear-naked choke in the third round. Ultimate Fighting Championship

Despite losing in The Ultimate Fighter finale, <mask> was awarded two season $25,000 bonus awards for Performance of the Season and Fight of the Season for her bout with Joanne Calderwood. <mask> was expected to face Nina Ansaroff on May 23, 2015, in a preliminary bout at UFC 187. Prior to the fight, Ansaroff missed weight by 4 pounds and was fined 20 percent of her fight purse.The bout was scrapped entirely a couple of hours before the event, as Ansaroff was declared medically unfit to compete due to illness. According to Ansaroff's camp, she contracted the flu the week before, and the weight cut exacerbated the illness, forcing Ansaroff to abandon her weight cut early, and ultimately withdraw from the fight. Though the fight could not take place, Namajunas was paid her full fight purse (show- and win money). Namajunas fought Angela Hill on October 3, 2015, at UFC 192. After some back-and-forth striking exchanges on the feet, Namajunas took Hill down with a trip off a punch. As Hill stood up, Namajunas quickly secured a rear-naked choke, submitting Hill in the first round. In a quick turnaround, Namajunas faced streaking prospect

masks: Namajunas Namajunas Namajunas


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 Paige VanZant in the main event of UFC Fight Night 80 on December 10, 2015, replacing an injured Joanne Calderwood.<mask> won the fight midway through the fifth round via submission due to a rear naked choke. The win also earned <mask> her first Performance of the Night bonus award. On April 16, 2016, <mask> faced the undefeated Tecia Torres at UFC on Fox 19 in a rematch of their 2013 fight at Invicta FC 6. <mask> won the fight via unanimous decision. On July 30, 2016, <mask> fought Karolina Kowalkiewicz at UFC 201 in a match regarded as a title eliminator. Kowalkiewicz defeated <mask> via split decision. Both participants were awarded Fight of the Night for their performance.Namajunas faced Michelle Waterson on April 15, 2017, at UFC on Fox 24. Namajunas won by submission due to a rear-naked choke in round 2, marking the 5th submission finish in her career. Strawweight champion
<mask> faced Strawweight champion Joanna Jędrzejczyk at UFC 217 at Madison Square Garden in New York on November 4, 2017. She came in as a big underdog against the undefeated champion. Namajunas, in what was regarded as a huge upset, won by KO in first round to be crowned the new UFC Women's Strawweight Champion. The win also earned Namajunas her second Performance of the Night bonus award. This was <mask>'s first knockout victory in her professional career (2 TKO-wins as an amateur).At the UFC 217 post-fight press conference, Namajunas stated that she intended to use her champion status as a platform to spread awareness of mental illness. In the first defense of her title, Namajunas faced Jędrzejczyk in a rematch that took place on April 7, 2018, at UFC 223. She won the fight by unanimous decision. Namajunas spent the remainder of the year recovering from a lingering case of spinal stenosis from a C6 vertebral compression fracture, symptoms of which manifested while training with Valentina and Antonina Shevchenko in 2017, and had intensified during training camp for UFC 223. In her second title defense, Namajunas faced Jéssica

masks: Namajunas Namajunas Namajunas Namajunas Namajunas Namajunas Namajunas Namajunas


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 Andrade in the main event at UFC 237 on May 11, 2019, in Andrade's home country of Brazil, in what would be <mask>'s first MMA fight outside the United States. Namajunas lost the fight by knockout via a slam in the second round. The fight earned her the Fight of the Night award.Post-reign
<mask> was scheduled to face Jéssica Andrade for a rematch on April 18, 2020 at UFC 249. On April 8, 2020, <mask> withdrew from the event, with her manager citing a pair of deaths in the family related to the COVID-19 pandemic as the reason. Instead the bout was rescheduled and eventually took place on July 12, 2020 at UFC 251. <mask> won the fight via split decision. This fight earned her the Fight of the Night award. Second reign as strawweight champion
<mask> faced Zhang Weili for the UFC Women's Strawweight Championship on April 24, 2021 at UFC 261. She won the fight by knockout early in the first round after landing a head kick, claiming the UFC Women's Strawweight World Champion for the second time.Namajunas became the first female fighter to regain a UFC Championship belt. The win earned Namajunas a Performance of the Night bonus award. The rematch between <mask> and Zhang for UFC Women's Strawweight Championship took place on November 6, 2021 at UFC 268. After a back and forth bout, Namajunas defended her title, winning the bout via split decision. 14 out of 22 media scores gave it to Namajunas. Fighting style
Namajunas utilizes forward movement while pressuring opponents with jabs and high kicks. She is known for her advanced technical striking and footwork, using a variety of angles and several creative adjustments.During her fight at Invicta FC 6, she directed a series of axe kicks, front kicks, and forward roundhouse kicks to her opponent's head. After closing the distance, she will sometimes attempt to grapple and execute a submission. Personal life
Namajunas is a Christian, and is an anti-communist. Prior to her first bout against Chinese fighter Zhang Weili, Namajunas spoke of the history of communist

masks: Namajunas Namajunas Namajunas Namajunas Namajunas Namajunas


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 oppression in her ancestral homeland Lithuania and mentioned the documentary The Other Dream Team as an inspiration. She said the documentary gives a "good idea as to what my family had to go through, the reason I'm in the United States today, the reason that I do mixed martial arts, all of that stuff". She said that she viewed her fight with Zhang as symbolizing a fight between communism and freedom, saying that "Weili is red" and  "represents [communism]", relating it to her family's history under the former USSR regime in Lithuania, and stating that it is "better dead than red". In a further interview, Namajunas stated that her comments were not directed personally at Zhang, and said it was more about her own "internal battles" as well as some "generational PTSD".Zhang later said she ignored Namajunas' comments, stating "I believe as an athlete you have to focus on yourself." In describing her background and motivation for fighting, Namajunas stated, "I’ve got the Christ consciousness, I’ve got Lithuanian blood and I’ve got the American dream." Namajunas formerly had the nickname "The Riveter", which was a reference to the American cultural icon Rosie the Riveter. Her current moniker, "Thug Rose", was given by friends when she was young because of her intimidating scowl. Family
Namajunas is the fiancée and training partner of former Glory and UFC heavyweight  Pat Barry. <mask> and Barry met at Duke Roufus' gym, where Barry started training after losing his home to Hurricane Katrina in 2005, while Namajunas started training there during high school. He claims he fell in love with Namajunas the first time he saw her.In a December 2014 interview, Barry said that he and Namajunas were dating "for almost five years now", while Namajunas felt like it was "two or three years". The couple got engaged in 2014. Namajunas has a brother named Nojus, who once operated a private piano studio. Namajunas herself has played the piano since the age of five. Nojus also is a mixed martial artist, and made his professional


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<mask> (born 9 September 1975) is a retired New Zealand rugby union player. Previously, he played as a hooker for Marlborough (one of the predecessors to today's Tasman side) and Otago in the National Provincial Championship and Air New Zealand Cup, and spent twelve seasons with the Highlanders in Super Rugby. He earned 59 caps for his country and for a period was All Blacks captain. Early life
<mask> was born 9 September 1975 in Invercargill and spent the early years of his life in several small towns in the deep south of NZ. When he was seven he moved to Blenheim where he went on to be Head Boy of Marlborough Boys' College in 1993. During this time, <mask> made all of the possible New Zealand age group rugby teams – Under17, Under19, Under21, and the NZ Secondary Schools Team – captaining them all. He initially played at number 8 for the NZ under 17s.The following year he changed positions to hooker and made his provincial debut for Marlborough against Nelson Bays in when he was sixteen. He also represented NZ Secondary schools and 19s in 1993 – captaining both teams. In 1994, he represented NZ Under 19s (again the captain) and NZ Under 21s, and represented the Under 21s for the next two years – captaining the team in his last year. <mask> then went Dunedin in 1994 to study at the University of Otago and ended up spending his next 14 years there. He made his debut for the Otago first team in 1994 and played for Otago for 13 years. <mask> also played for the Highlanders rugby team and held the record for the most games for the Highlanders at 127. <mask> captained both teams.He also completed degrees in Commerce (Finance) and Physical Education while being a full professional rugby player. <mask>'s father <mask> was also an All

masks:
Anton David Oliver
Oliver
Anton
Anton
Oliver
Oliver
Anton
Frank Oliver


texts:
 Blacks captain, making them the first and only father-son All Black captains in history. All Blacks
<mask> first made the All Blacks as a reserve for a Bledisloe cup test match in 1995 aged 19. He was drafted directly from the NZ U21s team. He played his first game for the All Blacks the following year against Eastern Province in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Remarkably, almost twenty years to the day after his father played his first game for the All Blacks on the same ground against the same opposition. <mask> played his first test match against Fiji 1997.<mask> created the first father and son captain combination for the All Blacks when he was appointed as All Blacks captain in 2001. Father Frank <mask> captained the All Blacks in 1978 and was one of the hardmen of New Zealand rugby. He then ruptured his Achilles tendon at the end of the Super 12 season in 2002, which forced him to miss the entire All Black season. <mask> then made the All Blacks the following year, Reuben Thorne was now the captain. <mask> was dropped for the World Cup in Australia and was a surprise recall to the team in 2004 for the end of the year tour reflecting a desire by the coaching staff for the All Blacks to regain the forward power that so characterised the All Black team of 1995–97. From then until his retirement from international rugby after the 2007 Rugby World Cup, he was either the first choice hooker for the All Blacks or contending for first choice with Keven Mealamu. In total he played 298 first class games.[2] and was in a member of the All Blacks for thirteen years – an astonishingly long time and a testament to <mask>'s ability, resilience and tenacity. <mask> was labelled as the "thinking man's rugby player" and in his book

masks: Oliver Oliver Oliver Oliver Oliver Oliver Oliver Oliver


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 autobiography "<mask>, Inside" (2005) he wrote about many issues that face the modern day All Blacks that had not been discussed before. ‘Inside’ was widely regarded as erudite, insightful and not the norm for a rugby book. After All Blacks
In May 2007, <mask> signed a two-year contract to play with French rugby club Toulon after the completion of the Rugby World Cup. He joined up with legends of the world rugby game, including Springbok Victor Matfield, former Wallaby Captain George Gregan, former All Black Andrew Mehrtens and former All Black captain Tana Umaga. After 14 years in Otago playing rugby <mask> decided that it was time for a change. Turning down numerous offers to play rugby in the United Kingdom <mask> chose to play rugby in France, which he felt would be more suited to his love of culture.<mask> helped Toulon win the Pro D2 title and earn automatic promotion to the following season's Top 14. He then decided to leave Toulon after only one year and announced his retirement from professional rugby, heading to the University of Oxford to study for a postgraduate degree. Retirement
At the University of Oxford, <mask> read for an MSc in Biodiversity, Conservation and Management at Worcester College. His dissertation involved him travelling to the Ringgolds Islands, an outlying archipelago of Fiji, for a month of research on the relationship between poverty and conservation. He played a major role in the 2008 Varsity Match against Cambridge, the first victory for Oxford in four years. [4][5]

<mask> then spent the next three years living and working in London. He currently works for asset managers M&G in London in a corporate governance position for M&G's global equities team.During this time he also went to the

masks:
Anton Oliver
Anton Oliver
Oliver
Oliver
Oliver
Oliver
Oliver


texts:
 University of Cambridge where he read for an Executive MBA and is a member of Pembroke College. <mask>'s dissertation focused on leadership in business, specifically sense making and sense giving: how leaders make sense of an uncertain, chaotic economic environment and then how leaders communicate and ‘make sense’ of this information to different stake holders. Life outside rugby
<mask> is known as a modern NZ renaissance man because of his rare interest and involvement in sport, academia, the arts, and various environmental, social and political issues. He is a well known supporter of the arts and has friends with several prominent NZ poets, writers and painters. He posed nude for a Simon Richardson realist painting that challenged cultural and sporting stereotypes, although he had not intended for it to become public knowledge that he was the artist's model. In 2013 <mask> toured NZ with the NZ Symphony Orchestra narrating Prokofiev's ‘Peter and the Wolf’. In tandem with the tour <mask> went to several schools advocating to students the role of the arts in their lives – specifically the role the arts can have in finding one's authentic self and as a medium for a greater emotional engagement with oneself.He was also a member of Save Central and an outspoken critic against Meridian Energy's Project Hayes, a planned new 630MW windfarm. Save Central won the last hearing in the High court and Project Hayes has not been granted consent and <mask> was a publicly – as a current All Black at the time, this was a very rare and controversial position. More recently <mask> became a water conservation spokesperson for Fish and Game, bring awareness to river degradation and overuse issues in a NZ context. He has written on environmental

masks: Oliver Oliver Oliver Oliver Oliver Oliver


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 issues for the literary journal Landfall. <mask> was Marlborough Boys’ College's sportsman of the decade, has been inducted into the University of Otago's Hall of Fame. He is also one of KEA's World Class New Zealanders. <mask> has written an autobiography called ‘Inside’ and presented three television non-fiction documentaries.He is patron and ambassador for several environmental and child health charities, including patron to the Yellow-eyed Penguin Trust and patron to Generation Zero, a youth-led organisation focused on minimising climate change. He is an Ambassador for Cure Kids, a charity that funds research into finding cures for life-threatening illnesses that affect children, and an Ambassador for the Shackleton Foundation, which supports budding leaders and social entrepreneurs with inspirational projects that have the power to make a difference to the lives of disadvantaged and socially marginalised young people. <mask> has had an interest in politics, being the patron for the Coalition of Open Government and a spokesperson for the MMP Referendum. He also has a pilot's licence. References

Sources
The Encyclopaedia of New Zealand Rugby by Ron Palenski, Rod Chester & Neville McMillan, page 165 (4th edition 2005, Hodder Moa Beckett, Auckland)

External links

1975 births
Living people
New Zealand international rugby union players
New Zealand rugby union players
Highlanders (rugby union) players
Oxford University RFC players
Rugby union players from Invercargill
Rugby union players from Dunedin
Rugby union hookers
Barbarian F.C. players
RC Toulonnais players
University of Otago alumni
Alumni of Worcester College, Oxford
Marlborough rugby union players
People educated at Marlborough Boys' College
Alumni of Pembroke

masks: Oliver Oliver Anton


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<mask> (18 August 1907 in Torgau – 19 November 1993) was a German prehistorian and also a pioneer of Medieval archaeology, especially of the excavation of abandoned villages and castles. <mask> worked on various periods, but mainly in central Germany – the names of two important Neolithic archaeological cultures in the area, the Baalberge group and the Salzmünde group derive from him. His comprehensive excavations in Hohenrode and Tilleda are important milestones in the history of German archaeology. Life

Early career
<mask>, son of a paymaster, graduated from high school at Aschersleben in 1925 and then studied at the University of Halle, where he was instructed in prehistory, history, classical archaeology, German studies, geography and geology until 1929. He first participated in an excavation in 19 27 under Hans Hahne. From 1929 he was a research assistant at the State Bureau for Prehistory. In 1929 he was awarded a doctorate for his dissertation on Die vor- und frühgeschichtliche Besiedlung des Unterharzes und seines Vorlandes auf Grund der Bodenfunde (The Prehistoric and Protohistoric Settlement of Lower Harz and its Foothills on the basis of Archaeological Finds).His examiners were Hahne and Georg Karo. <mask> was a member of the German Youth Movement and from 1926 to the völkisch youth league Adler und Falke (Eagle and Falcon). Well before the Nazi seizure of power he was a member of the Mannus-Society for "Aryan prehistory" and the prehistoric division of the Militant League for German Culture. On 1 February 1933, <mask> joined the Nazi Party and was registered as party member 1,447,316. He was a Blockleiter from 1933 to 1934. In 1935, <mask> was curator and acting director of the State Bureau for Volk Studies in Halle. From 1935 he was editor of the journal

masks:
Paul Grimm
Grimm
Grimm
Grimm
Grimm
Grimm


texts:
 Mitteldeutsche Volkheit – Hefte für Vorgeschichte, Rassenkunde und Volkskunde (Central German Volk Studies – Volumes on Prehistory, Racial Studies and Volk Studies) along with the leader of the Volk Studies department, Heinz-Julius Niehoff.After he achieved his habilitation with his work on the Salzmünde Culture he was employed as Reader and Director of the State Bureau of Volk Studies in Halle from 1939 to 1945. Second World War

On 22 October 1940, <mask> was called up for military service. From January 1942 until November 1942 <mask> was an employee of the "Sonderstabs Vor- und Frühgeschichte" (Task force for Prehistory and Protohistory) at the Reichsleiter Rosenberg Taskforce. The Rosenberg Taskforce was a subdivision of the Nazi party tasked with confiscating artistic and cultural treasures throughout German-occupied Europe and to use them to advance Nazi ideology. <mask> was also leader of the State Agency for Prehistory and Protohistory in Kiev was first tasked with taking control of the various prehistoric artefacts in the Ukraine, especially those which could be used to argue for the role of Germanic peoples in Ukrainian prehistory, and with putting on an exhibition in Kiev for the Wehrmacht based on Nazi historical ideas. He organised the transfer of the Collection of the Kiev Institute of Archaeology from the destroyed Lavra to a new museum. In the following years, the Ukrainian and German sides praised his great personal service, as manifested in his sound scholarly work and his personal conduct towards Ukrainian museum staff.From November 1942 until December 1944, <mask> was drafted into the army for a second time. After he was discharged due to sickness, <mask> was employed by the Institute for Eastern Studies in Schloss Höchstädt, Dillingen. There, with several

masks:
Paul Grimm
Grimm
Grimm
Grimm
Grimm


texts:
 colleagues, <mask> managed the most important depot of prehistoric and protohistoric artefacts and Volkish objects plundered from the occupied Soviet territories. Immediately before the arrival of the American army, <mask> was promoted to be Leader of the "Bergungsstätte Höchstädt" (Höchstädt Collection Point). <mask> surrendered the collections to the Americans and left Höchstädt for Halle in June 1945, without questioning. Ernst Klee, Gunter Schöbel und Thomas Widera accuse <mask> of being at the very least an accomplice in the theft of artefacts from the occupied territories. <mask> had not demonstrably participated in the conveyance of Ukrainian artefacts to Höchstädt from Kiev, so this accusation is controversial.Joachim Herrmann argues that <mask> did not support the appropriation and even subverted it. Given <mask>'s activities in Kiev and Höchstädt, however, it is impossible to deny his knowledge. Postwar activities
In December 1945, <mask> was dismissed from the public service for his membership in the Nazi party. On 26 February 1946, <mask> was arrested by the NKVD and interned in the Special camp at Torgau. In December 1946 he was taken from there to Buchenwald, from which he was released on 3 February 1950. He was never sentenced by the Soviet side and was later invited to archaeological conferences in Russia and the Ukraine on several occasions. In 1951 he became a member of the East Berlin Academy of Sciences and worked in the Commission for Prehistory and Protohistory.After holding several teaching positions, he became Professor of the Humboldt University of Berlin in 1955 and from 1957 he was the assistant to the director of the Institute for Prehistory and Protohistory in the Academy of Sciences. In 1955 he was also made a member of the German Archaeological

masks:
Grimm
Grimm
Grimm
Grimm
Grimm
Grimm
Grimm
Grimm
Paul Grimm


texts:
 Institute. From 1956 until 1972 he was editor in chief of the journal Ausgrabungen und Funde, Nachrichtenblatt für Vor- und Frühgeschichte (Excavations and Finds, Current Events in Prehistory and Protohistory). He was a member of the editorial board of Natur und Heimat (Nature and Home) from 1953 to 1962 and Zeitschrift für Archäologie (Journal of Archaeology) from its first volume in 1967 until 1973. <mask> participated extensively in popular scholarship through articles, brochures and tours of excavations as well as through his membership in the Cultural Association of the DDR, for which he delivered numerous lectures about many subjects, especially the excavations at Tilleda. Especially in his pioneering excavations of the abandoned Medieval village of Hohenrode and Tilleda Palace, the first entirely excavated Kaiserpfalz, <mask> was responsible for great advances in German archaeology. These excavations and especially his theoretical discussions made <mask> a pioneer of Medieval archaeology.He stressed that archaeological and literary sources had essentially equal authority, but nevertheless saw a close connection between the archaeological and historical data. Publications (Selection)
Hohenrode, eine mittelalterliche Siedlung im Südharz. [Hohenrode, a Medieval Settlement in South Harz] Halle 1939 (= Veröffentlichungen der Landesanstalt für Volkheitskunde Halle, 11)
Die vor- und frühgeschichtlichen Burgwälle der Bezirke Halle und Magdeburg. [The Prehistoric and Protohistoric Earthworks in the Districts of Halle and Magdeberg] Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1958 (= Handbuch vor- und frühgeschichtlicher Wall- und Wehranlagen, ed. by Wilhelm Unverzagt, Part 1 = Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Schriften der Sektion für Vor- und Frühgeschichte, Vol. 6)
Der Beitrag der

masks:
Paul Grimm
Grimm
Grimm


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 Archäologie für die Erforschung des Mittelalters.[The Value of Archaeology for Research on the Middle Ages] (in Heinz A. Knorr (Ed. ): Probleme des frühen Mittelalters in archäologischer und historischer Sicht, Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1966, pp. 39–74)
Tilleda; eine Königspfalz am Kyffhäuser Teil 1. Die Hauptburg. [Tilleda; a Royal Palace at Kyffhäuser. Part 1. The Donjon] Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1968 (= Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin.Schriften der Sektion für Vor- und Frühgeschichte, Vol. 24)
Tilleda; eine Königspfalz am Kyffhäuser Teil 2. Die Vorburg und Zusammenfassung. [Tilleda; a Royal Palace at Kyffhäuser. Part 2. The Bailey and Synopsis] Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1990 (= Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Schriften der Sektion für Vor- und Frühgeschichte, Vol.40)

Bibliography
 Karl-Heinz Otto, Joachim Herrmann (Ed.). Siedlung, Burg und Stadt. Studien zu ihren Anfängen. Akademie, Berlin 1969 (Schriften der Sektion für Vor- und Frühgeschichte der Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Vol. 25, ) [Festschrift for <mask>]. Lothar Mertens.Das Lexikon der DDR-Historiker. Saur, München 2006, , pp. 247–248. Henrik Eberle. Die Martin-Luther-Universität in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus. Mdv, Halle 2002, , pp. 372f

External links

 Detailed website in memorial of Prof. <mask> with detailed documents, records, a biographical precis and a list of publications.Brief biography of <mask> in the Catalogus Professorum Halensis, accessed 1 October 2009

References

1907 births
1993 deaths
People from Torgau
People from the Province of Saxony
Nazi Party members
German medievalists
Prehistorians
Archaeologists from Saxony
German male non-fiction writers
Militant League for German Culture members
Humboldt University of Berlin faculty
German Army

masks:
Paul Grimm
Paul Grimm
Paul Grimm


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<mask> (, born 19 August 1987) is a German professional racing driver who currently serves as a reserve driver for the Aston Martin F1 Team. He drove in Formula One in  and from  to . In 2015, he also contested two rounds of the 2015 FIA World Endurance Championship season for Porsche, winning the 24 Hours of Le Mans on his first attempt. He was the 2009 champion of the GP2 Series, and is a previous champion of both the Formula 3 Euro Series and A1 Grand Prix, as part of A1 Team Germany. He is one of six drivers since 2005 to win the GP2 Series/Formula 2 championship in his debut season, the others being Lewis Hamilton, <mask>, Charles Leclerc, George Russell, and Oscar Piastri. , Hülkenberg holds the record for the most Formula One career starts without a podium finish, a record he broke when he failed to finish in his 129th race (the 2017 Singapore Grand Prix) and in so doing passed Adrian Sutil's previous record of 128; Hülkenberg's record stands at  . Hülkenberg raced in Formula One in  with the Williams team.Despite claiming the first pole position for Williams in more than five years, he was not retained for  and joined Force India as a test and reserve driver. He was promoted to a race seat with the team for the  season, joining Paul di Resta. In  he drove for the Sauber team, with Mexican driver Esteban Gutiérrez as his teammate. <mask> returned to Force India for the  season. In October 2016, it was confirmed that he would switch to Renault for . He was replaced by Esteban Ocon for the 2020 Formula One season. He returned to Formula One in 2020, driving for Racing Point in three races.Early life
<mask> was born in Emmerich am Rhein, North Rhine-Westphalia, West

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Nicolas Hülkenberg
Nico Rosberg
Hülkenberg
Nico Hülkenberg


texts:
 Germany to Klaus Dieter and Susanne <mask>. Dieter <mask> owns a shipping company, Hülkenberg Spedition e. K, based in Emmerich am Rhein. Hülkenberg trained as a freight forwarding agent at his father's company. He is fluent in Dutch, German, French and English. Career

Early career
Hülkenberg made his karting debut in 1997, at the age of 10. In 2002 he was German Junior Karting Champion and the following year he won the German Kart Championship. Hülkenberg was previously managed by Willi Weber, the long-time manager of Michael Schumacher.Weber predicted that <mask> would be ready for Formula One by . He also praised <mask> as an "unbelievable talent" and said he reminded him of Schumacher as a young driver. He also stated that he nicknamed him "The Hulk", after the fictional superhero, in reference to <mask> changing his personality whilst at the wheel. Formula BMW (2005)
Hülkenberg made his German Formula BMW debut in 2005, dominating the championship and winning the title comfortably. He finished first in the Formula BMW world final but was stripped of the win after it was claimed he had brake-tested his rivals during a safety car period. A1 Grand Prix (2006–2007)

<mask> also joined the German A1 Grand Prix team for the 2006–07 season. Nine wins in his rookie season made him the most successful driver in A1GP history.It meant he almost single-handedly won Germany the championship with 128 points, 35 more than Team New Zealand. Formula Three (2006–2008)

<mask> finished fifth in the German Formula Three Championship (ATS Formel 3 Cup) in 2006. For 2007 he switched to the Formula 3 Euro Series with the ASM team that had taken Lewis Hamilton and Paul di Resta to the last two

masks: Hülkenberg Hülkenberg Hülkenberg Hülkenberg Hülkenberg Hülkenberg Hülkenberg


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 championships. His first win came at the Norisring from 18th on the grid, he won again in the rain at Zandvoort and added a third at the Nürburgring. But he ran into trouble at Magny-Cours, being penalised in qualifying for passing the chequered flag twice, and crashing into Filip Salaquarda in the race. Hülkenberg won the non-championship Masters of Formula 3 race at Zolder from teammate (and F3 Euro Series championship leader) Romain Grosjean after Grosjean stalled at the start. <mask> won the Formula 3 Euro Series championship in 2008.Hülkenberg amassed 76 of his total of 85 points during the feature races on Saturdays, taking seven wins in the progress. GP2 Series (2009)

Hülkenberg made his GP2 Asia Series début for the ART Grand Prix team at the third round of the 2008–09 GP2 Asia Series in Bahrain, where he took pole position at his first attempt. He finished both races in fourth place and this left him in seventh place in the championship. His second race weekend in Qatar, saw him become the first night race pole-sitter, and promptly turned that into becoming the first race-winner under lights after a dominant performance. Such was his performance that he ended up over thirteen seconds clear of second-placed driver Sergio Pérez. He finished third in the sprint race, taking his championship points tally to 27 from just four races. Despite this, he finished sixth in the championship.Hülkenberg continued with ART into the 2009 GP2 Series, partnering Pastor Maldonado, and took his first win in dominant fashion, during his home round of the series at the Nürburgring. With the series' top eight inverted grid, <mask> started eighth for the sprint race. He won the sprint race

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 as well, becoming the first driver to do the weekend double since Giorgio Pantano at Monza in the 2006 season. In doing so, he became only the second driver to complete the clean sweep, with pole position, two fastest laps and two wins; equalling the achievements of Nelson Piquet, Jr., who achieved it at the Hungaroring, also in 2006. <mask> clinched the title with two races to spare, after a third-place finish in the Monza sprint race, shadowing Brazilians Luiz Razia and Lucas di Grassi home. The result left him with an unassailable 22-point lead heading to the final round, and in the process becoming the first driver to clinch the championship without the need for a final round decider. A fifth win followed at the Autódromo Internacional do Algarve, allowing Hülkenberg to break the 100-point barrier, and eventually won the title by 25 points from Vitaly Petrov.Worthy of note is that Hülkenberg ended the season 64 points clear of his teammate Pastor Maldonado, who would later go on to get his Williams race seat for the 2011 Formula One season. Formula One

Hülkenberg first drove a Formula One car in a test for Williams in 2007. His manager, Willi Weber, had organised the test after failing to conclude a deal with Renault boss Flavio Briatore. The two-day test was held at the Circuito de Jerez in Spain, and Hülkenberg outpaced Williams's driver Kazuki Nakajima, and set laptimes 0.4 seconds slower than <mask>. Hülkenberg's performance at the test led to the Williams team signing him as a test driver, and he competed in several test sessions in addition to racing in lower formulae. His test contract with Williams was extended for 2009, despite in-season tests being banned from

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Hülkenberg
Nico Rosberg


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 that season. Hülkenberg would also act as the team's reserve driver, in the event of the regular drivers being unable to compete.Williams (2010)
On 2 November 2009, <mask> was confirmed to race for Williams in . <mask>'s teammate for his first season would be the experienced driver Rubens Barrichello, who moved from Brawn GP which in turn was bought out by Mercedes-Benz. Hülkenberg made his debut at the , recovering from an early spin to finish in fourteenth position. At the second round in Australia, he was involved in a first-lap incident with Kamui Kobayashi, after the Japanese driver's front wing failed and sent him into the barrier, rebounding into the path of <mask>. At the third round in Malaysia, Hülkenberg made it to Q3 for the first time, qualifying in fifth place; out-qualifying teammate Barrichello for the first time. <mask> looked set to finish eleventh in the race until Fernando Alonso blew his engine three laps from the end, thus promoting <mask> to tenth place and with the new-for-2010 points system, <mask> along with Jaime Alguersuari scored their first points in Formula One. He was tenth again at Silverstone, and at the  he finished sixth, a career best.He also picked up points finishes in Italy, Singapore, and Korea. At the , Renault driver Vitaly Petrov misjudged a move at the start and cut across <mask>'s nose thus taking them both out of the race. Towards the end of the season there were reports that he could lose his seat at Williams to the GP2 Series champion Pastor Maldonado due to the money Maldonado could bring to the team. Force India's Adrian Sutil was also linked to replace Hülkenberg at Williams. On 6 November Hülkenberg gained his first Formula


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 One pole position, by 1.049 seconds over Sebastian Vettel at the  in a rain-affected qualifying session. This was the Williams team's first pole position since the 2005 European Grand Prix. <mask> completed a final lap after pole position was already secured, increasing his gap to the rest of the field.After losing the lead on the opening lap, he eventually finished the race in eighth place, having been passed by drivers in more competitive cars. After the , team boss Frank Williams confirmed that Hülkenberg would not be driving for the team in . Force India (2011–2012)
2011

On 26 January 2011, <mask> was confirmed as Force India's reserve driver for the  season, where he would drive for the team in the Friday practice sessions. He replaced Paul di Resta, who was promoted to a race position in the team. Hülkenberg competed in the first practice sessions of all the races apart from Monaco, Hungary, Korea, India and Abu Dhabi. 2012

On 16 December 2011, Force India announced di Resta and <mask> would be their drivers for the 2012 season. <mask> qualified ninth for the , six places ahead of di Resta, but his race ended on the first lap after picking up damage in a first-corner incident before retiring further round the course.He picked up his first points for Force India the following weekend, at the ; he finished in ninth place, having started the race in sixteenth. He again qualified sixteenth, for the . He achieved his best Formula One finish with a fourth place at the . He had been running 2nd in the race, when he was jumped by Kimi Räikkönen during the pit stops, before the faster Red Bull of Sebastian Vettel passed them both. <mask> did not score any points in Italy or

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 Singapore, but collected points at all of the next five , except on the Yas Marina Circuit where he was involved in a collision on the first lap, and subsequently retired. This was the first time he scored points in more than two races in a row. In the last race of the season, the 2012 Brazilian Grand Prix, <mask> qualified 7th but was promoted to 6th after Pastor Maldonado received a 10 place grid penalty.By lap three he had moved forward two places and on lap five he passed Fernando Alonso for third place. He moved into second position when McLaren's Lewis Hamilton pitted on lap 11. <mask> then passed Jenson Button at the start of lap 19 to take the lead. He and Button built up a 45-second lead before the safety car was deployed because of debris on the track. He still led until he was passed by Hamilton, after sliding at the entry of Turn 8 on lap 49. On lap 55 he collided with Hamilton when the rear of Hülkenberg's car slid out while trying to pass him at Turn 1. This ended Hamilton's last race for McLaren.After being given a drive-through penalty as a result of the incident, <mask> finished fifth - letting his first race win and podium finish slip through his fingers. Nevertheless, this allowed him to take 11th place in the Drivers' Championship from Kamui Kobayashi. <mask> finished the year 17 points ahead of his teammate Paul di Resta and he out-qualified him 12 times, to di Resta's eight. Sauber (2013)
On 31 October 2012 Sauber confirmed they had signed <mask> for the 2013 season to replace Kamui Kobayashi. Hülkenberg failed to start the  due to a leak in the fuel system of his Sauber C32; he had qualified eleventh for the race, but was withdrawn for safety reasons.


texts:
 At the , <mask> qualified in twelfth, but finished the race in eighth place. <mask> put in his best qualifying performance of the season to date at the Italian Grand Prix to put himself 3rd on the grid.After losing two places to the Ferraris of Felipe Massa and Fernando Alonso, he managed to keep 5th place even though harried by the Mercedes of <mask> towards the end of the race. By finishing in fifth place, he overtook Toro Rosso driver Jean-Éric Vergne in the Drivers' Championship. His best finish was at the Korean Grand Prix where he finished 4th after close battle with Hamilton and Alonso, in which he showed impressive defending skills and made no mistakes, in a battle where he overtook Hamilton more than once. Return to Force India (2014–2016)
2014

On 3 December 2013, Force India confirmed they had signed <mask> for 2014 to race alongside Sergio Pérez. In the first round, Hülkenberg finished the  in seventh place – his first finish in Melbourne – but was promoted to sixth after the disqualification of second-placed Daniel Ricciardo. He later finished fifth at the , spending a large amount of time in fourth place, holding off Ferrari's Fernando Alonso before being overtaken. Another fifth place at Bahrain put Hülkenberg in third place of the drivers' standings, behind the two Mercedes drivers, Lewis Hamilton and <mask>.At the  <mask> took sixth place, taking eight points. He fell to fourth place in the Drivers' Championship after Fernando Alonso finished in third place. Force India lost second in the Constructors' Championship to Red Bull Racing. Consistent point scoring runs throughout the season meant that <mask> finished the season in 9th place in the Drivers'

masks:
Hülkenberg
Hülkenberg
Nico Rosberg
Hülkenberg
Nico Rosberg
Hülkenberg
Hülkenberg


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 Championship with 96 points, a career best, compared to his teammate's 59 points and helped Force India achieve sixth place in the Constructors' Championship, following the improvements of Williams and McLaren throughout the season. His best result of the season was fifth place, which he achieved four times. In October 2014, Force India confirmed they had re-signed <mask> for 2015. 2015

In the opening round in Australia, he finished seventh, a lap down.However, he would not score again, in an uncompetitive Force India, until Canada. In Hungary, mid-race, he suffered a big crash at turn one when his front wing detached and he drove over it, sending him slightly airborne and into the barriers, costing him a potential fourth place. He then failed to finish five of the next seven races. In Belgium, he had a power unit failure on the way to the grid, while in Singapore, he was tagged by Felipe Massa at turn three and spun into the barriers, and received a three place grid penalty after being deemed responsible. In Russia he spun at turn two at the start and collected Marcus Ericsson, potentially costing him a podium finish, and in the United States he slid into Daniel Ricciardo and broke his front right suspension. He finished the season 10th with 58 points, 20 points behind his teammate, and helped Force India to secure fifth place in the Constructors' Championship and his best result of the season was sixth, which he achieved three times. 2016

<mask> again raced for Force India in 2016 alongside Sergio Pérez.In the opening round in Australia, he finished seventh. He would finish the next two races in 15th position with the Force India being uncompetitive. In Russia, he was hit


texts: by his former teammate Esteban Gutiérrez and retired from the race. He would also retire from the next race with an oil leak. A podium, once again, escaped <mask>'s grasp in Monaco. He qualified fifth and was set to finish on the podium, when he got stuck in traffic following his pit stop and his teammate jumped him for the final podium place. He eventually finished sixth, passing the eventual World Champion <mask>, who had struggled throughout the race, just before the finish line on the last lap.This was followed by points finishes at the next two races. He spun in qualifying during the 2016 European Grand Prix held at Baku, when the Force India was very competitive. This caused him to qualify 13th and finish 9th while Pérez qualified 2nd (demoted to seventh after a grid penalty) and finished third. At the following race in Austria, he put in another strong qualifying performance to qualify third, which became second when <mask> served his five-place grid penalty. However, he had a poor start, and was overtaken by quicker cars as the race went on, until his brakes failed and he had to retire. This was followed by five consecutive points finishes, including fourth at the 2016 Belgian Grand Prix, his best result of the season, when he was initially running second after the first lap but was eventually passed by the faster cars of Daniel Ricciardo and Lewis Hamilton. At the following race in Singapore, he was involved in a first lap collision, where he was squeezed between two drivers, and had to retire from the race.Hülkenberg finished eighth at the next two races. Having announced his decision to move to Renault for the 2017 season before the 2016 United States Grand Prix,

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Nico Rosberg
Nico Rosberg


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 <mask> put on some rejuvenated performances. He qualified seventh in the USA, before retiring after being squeezed in between Valtteri Bottas and Sebastian Vettel. He then qualified fifth in Mexico, ahead of the Ferraris and finished seventh. He outqualified his teammate again in Brazil and was running fourth, but he picked up a puncture from debris on the track, following Kimi Räikkönen's crash, costing him a podium finish, and fell outside the points before recovering to seventh, fending off Daniel Ricciardo towards the end of the race. He capped off his season in Abu Dhabi by outqualifying Pérez again to seventh place and finishing in the same position, having survived a collision with Max Verstappen on the first lap. Hülkenberg scored 72 points in the season, finishing ninth in the Drivers' Championship and helping Force India finish the Constructors' Championship in fourth.Renault (2017–2019)
2017

On 14 October 2016, Renault Sport announced that <mask> had signed a multiyear agreement to race with the Renault Sport Formula One team. He got his first points for the team at the third race of the season in Bahrain with 9th place, followed by 8th in Russia. <mask> then finished in 6th place in Spain, Renault's best result in the sport since returning in 2016. His point scoring streak ended in Monaco when he retired, when running in the points, with gearbox issues. He finished 8th in Canada, which was followed by a retirement in Azerbaijan, when he clumsily clipped the wall while running in a promising 6th place. In Austria, he finished 13th, finishing behind his teammate Jolyon Palmer for the first time, following a bad start. A new Renault upgrade brought massive

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texts: improvement at the 2017 British Grand Prix as <mask> qualified and finished 6th.The car also proved to be the 'best of the rest' (behind Mercedes, Ferrari and Red Bull) in Hungary as he qualified 7th, but a 5 place grid penalty for a new gearbox meant that he started 12th on the grid. He was set to score points in the race, before a slow pit stop dropped him down the field and he eventually retired from the race. There was an incident during the race, when Kevin Magnussen had pushed Hülkenberg off the track as they were battling for position. Magnussen received a time penalty for the incident. <mask> confronted Magnussen while he was interviewed by Danish TV in the media pen, labelling him 'nasty' and the 'most unsporting driver of the whole grid' and Magnussen foul-mouthedly responded with 'suck my balls, mate'. <mask> entered the summer break with 26 points and in 10th place in the championship. <mask> returned from the summer break in Belgium in good form as he qualified 7th and finished 6th in the race.At Singapore, it was announced that Carlos Sainz Jr. would replace Jolyon Palmer, who at that time had scored 0 points to Hülkenberg's 34 points, for the 2018 season. <mask> qualified 'best of the rest' in 7th. After the first lap of the race, <mask> found himself in 3rd place, following the first corner collision and subsequent retirements of Sebastian Vettel, Kimi Räikkönen, Max Verstappen and the fast-starting McLaren of Fernando Alonso. He looked set to take his long-awaited first podium finish in Formula 1, until Daniil Kvyat crashed and brought out the Safety Car and a blunder in strategy by Renault left him in 5th place. He eventually got up to 4th place, before an

masks: Hülkenberg Hülkenberg Hülkenberg Hülkenberg Hülkenberg Hülkenberg


texts: oil leak brought about his retirement from the race, in which he succeeded Adrian Sutil to become the record holder for the most starts in Formula 1 without a podium finish. At the Japanese Grand Prix, it was announced that Carlos Sainz Jr. would replace Palmer for the rest of the season beginning at the next Grand Prix in Austin. In the race, he was running comfortably in the points for the majority of the race, when a failure in the DRS mechanism of his car, meant he had to retire from the race.In their time together as teammates <mask> scored 34 points to Palmer's 8 points and outqualified Palmer in all 16 races. In the USA, <mask> retired on lap 4 with an engine issue. In Mexico, he once again retired, again from a net 4th place, with an engine issue. This was the third time in a row that he had failed to finish a race and the fourth time in five races. At the Brazilian Grand Prix, he led home teammate Sainz to 10th place, his first points in almost 3 months, with his previous points finish being his 6th place finish at Belgium in August. He qualified 'best of the rest' in Abu Dhabi with 7th place. He finished the race in 6th place, having received a contentious 5-second penalty for passing Sergio Pérez off the track at the start of the race, when many believed he should have given the position back.He ended up building enough of a gap to Pérez that the time penalty did not affect his position. With 6th place, Renault overtook Toro Rosso in the Constructors' Championship for 6th place. This confirmed Renault's position as 6th in the Constructors' Championship and moved Hülkenberg up to 43 points for the season, the same as Massa, but courtesy of more 6th-place finishes,


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 he ended the season 10th in the standings. He had outqualified his teammates over the course of the season 19-1 and outscored his teammates 43-14 over the course of the season. 2018
For the 2018 season, Hülkenberg remained at Renault, alongside Carlos Sainz, who was competing in his first full season for the Renault F1 team. Hülkenberg and Renault started the season well with a 7th and two 6th places in the first 3 races. The first race in Australia with Sainz finishing in 10th, marked the first double points finish for Renault in F1 since the 2011 Turkish Grand Prix.At the fourth race of the season in Baku, <mask> was handed a 5 place grid penalty for changing his damaged gearbox. He qualified 9th and would start 14th. This meant the end of his streak of starting the last 6 races 7th on the grid. He had made his way up to 5th place by lap 10, when he lost the rear of his car on lap 10, and clattered the wall with his left rear tyre and retired with suspension damage, ending his 5 race point-scoring streak. It was second time in two years that he had retired from a top 6 position in Baku from an unforced error. <mask>'s misfortune continued at the next race in Spain. He went out in Q1 for the first time in 59 races due to a fuel pressure problem with his car.Then he was taken out by the spinning Romain Grosjean on the first lap of the race. <mask> criticised Grosjean's driving following the crash, for which the Frenchman received a grid penalty for the next race. In Monaco, <mask> was outqualified by a teammate by merit for the first time since the 2016 Japanese Grand Prix. Nevertheless, he finished the race in 8th, having started in 11th, with his teammate Sainz obeying team

masks: Hülkenberg Hülkenberg Hülkenberg Hülkenberg


texts: orders late in the race to let him past. He followed this up with another point-scoring finish in Canada after qualifying and finishing the race in 7th. The next three races made up Formula One's first ever triple header in France, Austria and Britain. <mask> finished 9th in France, followed by a retirement from 9th in Austria with an engine failure.It was his 3rd retirement in 6 races and his 7th retirement in his last 16 races. However, he finished the triple header on a high, finishing 6th at the British Grand Prix. <mask> achieved his best ever result for Renault at his home grand prix in Germany with 5th place, overtaking Kevin Magnussen late on when the rain started to fall. After a refuelling problem limited him to only 13th on the grid, he finished 12th at the Hungarian Grand Prix. Nevertheless, he entered the summer break with 52 points and 7th in the championship as the effective leader of the midfield, which many drivers had started to dub the B championship of Formula 1 or 'Formula 1.5', due to very large gap in performance to the top three teams of Mercedes, Ferrari and Red Bull. In Belgium, Hülkenberg triggered a massive first corner collision after starting 18th due to engine penalties. Hülkenberg outbraked himself and hit Fernando Alonso, who was launched above the Sauber of Charles Leclerc, with one of Alonso's tyres hitting the new controversially introduced safety device, the halo.The collision also ultimately ended the races of both Kimi Räikkönen and Daniel Ricciardo. <mask> was deemed to have 'completely misjudged the situation' by the race stewards and handed a 10 place grid penalty for the next race. The spectacular crash was likened to the crash at


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 the 2012 Belgian Grand Prix initiated by Romain Grosjean. Following the incident, <mask> who had been a vocal opposer to the halo, introduced in 2018, admitted that it was 'pretty useful'. <mask> suffered a tough period of results, coinciding with Renault's loss of competitiveness, by only scoring 1 point in the next 4 races. He bounced back with a 6th place finish at the United States Grand Prix. With Sainz finishing in 7th, this was the best team result for Renault in a race since they rejoined the sport in 2016, beating the 7th and 8th place the two drivers had achieved in Canada earlier in the year.This was followed by another strong race in Mexico with another 6th place. His season ended with two successive retirements due to high engine temperatures in Brazil and after being rolled over into the barriers by Romain Grosjean in Abu Dhabi. Nevertheless, he finished the season as the "champion of the rest" in 7th place with 69 points, 7 points ahead of Sergio Pérez, as Renault also secured 4th place in the Constructor's Championship. 2019

For the 2019 season, <mask> was joined at Renault by multiple Grand Prix winner Daniel Ricciardo, who was signed from Red Bull. Hülkenberg, yet to score a podium in 158 races by the beginning of the 2019 season, said his "future in the sport depends on the outcome of the duel" as his ability could be measured "against a Grand Prix winner", for the first time since his rookie season in 2010, when he was teammate to Rubens Barrichello at Williams. Meanwhile, Renault managing director, Cyril Abiteboul, believed that the driver pairing was "one of the strongest - if not the strongest - driver line-up on the grid". Hülkenberg started the

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Hülkenberg
Hülkenberg
Nico Hülkenberg


texts: season strongly, outqualifying new teammate Ricciardo at his home race, but an engine issue prevented him from reaching Q3, leaving him 11th.He made a very strong start and finished the race in 7th. However, he was hit by misfortune in the next race in Bahrain. An engine mapping issue restricted him to 17th in qualifying. However, he had a fantastic race, moving up 11 places and being on course to finish 6th, surviving contact with Ricciardo on the way, when the Australian slid into him as <mask> overtook him. Then, on lap 53, 4 laps from the end, disaster struck as both <mask> and Ricciardo, running 6th and 10th respectively, both retired with engine issues at the same corner. Abiteboul stated that Renault's engine problems were "unacceptable". These issues were compounded, when <mask> again retired from a points-scoring position with engine issues at the next race in China, this time with a software issue.In Spain, <mask> crashed in qualifying and damaged his front wing. He had to fit a different specification front wing, which broke parc fermé rules, ensuring he would have to start the race in the pit lane. He would finish the race in 13th In the following race in Monaco, a chance of a points finish evaporated, when the Ferrari of Charles Leclerc hit Hülkenberg, while attempting an overtaking move, which the German labelled "too ambitious". Both drivers suffered punctures. <mask> recovered to 13th, but Leclerc eventually retired from the race. He then finished the next two races in 7th and 8th place in Canada and France respectively. At the British Grand Prix, he recovered to a 10th place finish, after he was hit by former teammate Sergio Pérez and his engine momentarily


texts: failing and going into 'limp mode', whilst also bemoaning the team's strategy.<mask> then crashed out of his home race in precarious wet conditions. He was in 4th place, having run as high as 2nd at one point, when he crashed out at Turn 16, where fellow drivers Charles Leclerc, race leader Lewis Hamilton and former teammate Carlos Sainz also went off. The latter two managed to survive their incidents and continue, while both Leclerc and Hülkenberg retired. Both retirees criticised the run-off of the corner, which is a different tarmac used for dragster racing, which meant there was no grip in the wet conditions to help prevent the accident. At the following race in Hungary, Hülkenberg was in the running for points, but then he suffered yet another engine problem on his Renault, which meant he was only able to finish in 12th place. Going into the summer break, Hülkenberg was only 14th in the championship with 17 points, 5 points behind new teammate Daniel Ricciardo in 11th place. Renault's points total of 39 points was 43 points behind the position they were in the previous year, after they suffered a disappointing first half of the season.Just before the Belgian GP it was announced by Renault that <mask> would be replaced by Mercedes reserve driver and former Force India driver Esteban Ocon for the 2020 season. <mask> said the decision was "not only about performance", alluding that the French Renault team desired a French driver, such as Ocon. Four-time World Champion Alain Prost, non-executive director for Renault Sport, said that Renault offered <mask> a new one-year contract, but the German refused the offer. <mask> would continue with Renault for the rest of the season,


texts: and started the second half of the season strongly by qualifying 7th in Belgium. A grid penalty meant he started 12th, and he fell even further back when he took evasive action to avoid collisions involving Verstappen, Räikkönen, Ricciardo and Stroll. However, he executed an alternate two-stop strategy and made up 3 places in the last lap to finish 8th. In Italy, both Renaults had a very strong weekend, with Ricciardo and Hülkenberg qualifying 5th and 6th respectively, with both drivers moving up a place to finish 4th and 5th, after Sebastian Vettel spun out of contention.This was Renault's best points haul since returning to the sport in 2016, and <mask>'s joint best result for the team. In Singapore, <mask> had initially qualified 9th but as teammate Daniel Ricciardo had been disqualified from qualifying as his car exceeded the MGU-K power limit, he started the race in 8th. In the race, <mask> was involved in a first lap collision with former teammate Carlos Sainz Jr. Both drivers suffered punctures and had to pit on the first lap and fell to the back of the field. However, he managed to recover to 9th place for his 3rd points finish in a row. <mask> started the next race in an impressive 6th place. However, his race was compromised by a bad start which left him outside the top 10.Having recovered to 9th place, the Renault pit crew dropped his car off the jack, which again dropped him out of the top 10. He eventually recovered to finish in 10th, overtaking Lance Stroll towards the end of the race. After the race, <mask> said that "everything that could go wrong did go wrong". Further misfortune hit Hülkenberg in Japan. He was restricted to only 15th in qualifying, after a


texts:
 mechanical failure in Q2 meant he could not set a representative time to progress further. However, in the race he made a fantastic start and was up to 10th place by the end of the first lap and he would end up finishing the race in that position. However, following a protest by rival constructor Racing Point, both Renault cars were disqualified for having a pre-set automated brake bias system that was deemed to be a driver aid, and thus illegal.This was <mask>'s first disqualification in his entire F1 career. He then managed to salvage a point at the following race with 10th after he was spun into the wall by Daniil Kvyat at the last corner of the last lap, when running in 9th. He crossed the line in 11th, without a rear wing, but was promoted to 10th after Kvyat was penalised for the incident. He followed this up with yet another points finish in the USA with 9th place. He suffered a difficult race in Brazil, where two safety car periods interfered in his strategy and left him 12th on the line. He was penalised for overtaking Kevin Magnussen before the safety car line during the safety car restart, and thus was classified 15th, his worst result of the year. He was voted Driver of the Day in the season finale in Abu Dhabi,  taking the title for the first time, after finishing 12th in what was his possible final race in Formula One, having failed to secure a drive for the 2020 season.He finished the season in 14th place, his lowest placing in the standings in the sport since his debut season in 2010, having scored 37 points across the season, 17 less than teammate Daniel Ricciardo. Racing Point (2020)
<mask> did not have a contract for the 2020 F1 season. He replaced Sergio


texts:
 Pérez at Racing Point for the British Grand Prix and 70th Anniversary Grand Prix after Pérez tested positive for SARS-2 coronavirus. For the British Grand Prix he qualified thirteenth but did not start the race due to an engine failure before the start of the race. <mask> would get another chance to race for the team at the 70th Anniversary Grand Prix  also at Silverstone Circuit after Pérez tested positive for COVID-19 again. He qualified in third behind the two Mercedes cars and although was on course to finish in 4th, Hülkenberg unexpectedly had high levels of tyre wear, which forced him to pit again. He then went on to finish seventh behind teammate Lance Stroll.Hülkenberg did not race at the Spanish Grand Prix as Sergio Pérez returned to racing after testing negative for COVID-19. He would replace the team's other driver, Lance Stroll, for the Eifel Grand Prix after the Canadian had sat out final practice due to feeling unwell. He finished the race in 8th after qualifying 20th, and last, on the grid, winning him the fans' vote of "Driver of the Day". Aston Martin (2021–present)
Aston Martin F1 Team (previously Racing Point) signed Hülkenberg as a reserve and development driver for the  season. Sportscars

It was confirmed in November 2014 that Hülkenberg would compete in the 2015 24 Hours of Le Mans in a third factory-backed Porsche 919 Hybrid. He also contested the Spa-Francorchamps round of the World Endurance Championship as preparation. On 14 June 2015, he won the 24 Hours of Le Mans race, driving alongside Britain's Nick Tandy and Earl Bamber of New Zealand.They completed 395 laps, one lap ahead of the car of their Porsche teammates Mark Webber, Brendon Hartley and


texts:
 Timo Bernhard, who took second place. This win was Porsche's first overall victory in the event since the 1998 24 Hours of Le Mans. Hülkenberg's triumph made him the first active Formula One driver to win at Le Mans since Johnny Herbert and Bertrand Gachot, who performed the same feat in 1991. IndyCar test
On 25 October 2021, Hülkenberg took part in a private IndyCar test at Barber Motorsports Park, driving the No. 7 Arrow McLaren SP (AMSP) car, with AMSP team principal Taylor Kiel stating in a report that Hülkenberg was in consideration for a third part-time entry in 2022. After completing over 100 laps, he set a best time of 77.454 seconds in his first test, roughly a second off of the fastest time, which was set by 2021 Indy Lights runner-up David Malukas. Hülkenberg ultimately declined an opportunity to pursue a career in IndyCar with McLaren, stating that he was unwilling to race on ovals and that he found the Dallara DW12 to be significantly harder to drive physically than the Formula One cars he was used to.Karting record

Karting career summary

Racing record

Racing career summary

Single seater racing results

Complete A1 Grand Prix results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete Formula 3 Euro Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete GP2 Asia Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete GP2 Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Complete Formula One results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics


texts:
 indicate fastest lap)

 Driver failed to finish the race, but was classified as he had completed more than 90% of the race distance. Sports car racing results

24 Hours of Le Mans results

Complete FIA World Endurance Championship results

References

External links

1987 births
Living people
People from Emmerich am Rhein
Racing drivers from North Rhine-Westphalia
German racing drivers
Formula BMW ADAC drivers
German Formula Three Championship drivers
24 Hours of Le Mans winning drivers
A1 Team Germany drivers
Formula 3 Euro Series drivers
Formula 3 Euro Series champions
GP2 Series drivers
GP2 Series Champions
GP2 Asia Series drivers
German Formula One drivers
Williams Formula One drivers
Force India Formula One drivers
Sauber Formula One drivers
Renault Formula One drivers
Racing Point Formula One drivers
Josef Kaufmann Racing drivers
ART Grand Prix drivers
Porsche Motorsports


texts:
<mask> (née <mask>; born 1949) is a retired Irish judge and lawyer. She was appointed to the High Court in 2002 and promoted to a newly-established Court of Appeal from 2014. She became a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ireland from 2017, before retiring in 2019. <mask> specialised in commercial law. She originally practised as a solicitor in a corporate law firm, before becoming a barrister where she had a broad commercial and civil practice. Her judicial career included temporary positions at the European Court of Human Rights and the Referendum Commission. Early life
<mask> was born to <mask> and Alice Blayney.She is the eldest of five siblings. Her father was the Chief Justice of Ireland between 1985 and 1994. Her paternal grandfather <mask> was a Cumann na nGaedheal politician. Her mother was called to the Bar in 1946, though never practised. Her maternal uncle John Blayney was also a Supreme Court judge. She was educated at Sacred Heart Convent, Monkstown, County Dublin and obtained a double first BA in Mathematics and Mathematical Physics from University College Dublin. At UCD, she played for the university hockey team and in diving was a Leinster Junior champion.She was elected the first female auditor of the UCD L&H, serving between 1970 and 1971. She took over running the society at the age of 21 and described herself as being "an awfully logical person", on account of her mathematical background. Future Supreme Court judge Adrian Hardiman served on her L&H committee. The topic of her inaugural address was the "Just Society" and featured contributions from <mask>, Declan Costello and Brian Walsh. She attended the Law Society of Ireland and later studied for a postgraduate course in EEC studies at the College of Europe, Bruges following qualification and on a scholarship. Legal career

Early career
She was admitted as a solicitor in 1973. She practised at  McCann, FitzGerald, Roche and Dudley, where she was a partner.<mask> was subsequently called to the bar in 1980. She devilled for Peter Kelly. As a junior counsel practice included commercial, injunctive and insolvency matters, including representing

masks:
Mary Finlay Geoghegan
Finlay
Finlay Geoghegan
Finlay
Thomas Finlay
Thomas Finlay
Mary Robinson
Finlay


texts:
 the Irish government in proceedings related to the 1985 collapse of the Insurance Corporation of Ireland. She was called to the Bar of England and Wales at Middle Temple in May 1987. Senior Counsel
She became a Senior Counsel in 1988. She was called to Bar of Northern Ireland in 1989. She was also called to the New South Wales Bar Association in 1992.She continued practising in commercial matters, including employment and tax law disputes. She also appeared in immigration and personal injuries cases. She represented Paul McGuinness and Windmill Lane Productions in the judicial review of a decision of the Independent Radio and Television Commission to revoke a licence to establish TV3. <mask> <mask> acted as an independent legal adviser to the State on matters of EC law in 1996. She acted for the Attorney General of Ireland in a reference made by President <mask> under Article 26 of the Constitution of Ireland to the Supreme Court regarding the Employment Equality Bill of 1997. She appeared for RTÉ in constitutional cases in the Supreme Court regarding the need for equal time in referenda coverage. She is a bencher at the King's Inns since 1996 and Middle Temple since 2012.Other appointments
<mask> was appointed chair of the National Consumer Advisory Council in 1976. She has been a board member of the Dublin Gas Board, the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital and the Temple Street Children's University Hospital, where she was chair between 2001 and 2004. She joined the Law Reform Commission in October 1980 as a part time member to serve a five year term. She was a convenor of the Constitution Review Group from 1995. She is currently a board member of the National Children's Research Centre and a governor of the Royal Hospital, Donnybrook. Judicial career

High Court
She was appointed to the High Court in July 2002, following in the footsteps of her father. Her appointment came at the same time as Michael Peart, who was said to be the first solicitor to be appointed to the High Court, though she had previously been a solicitor.She was assigned to the Commercial list in 2004. Together with Peter Kelly, they

masks:
Finlay
Geoghegan
Mary Robinson
Finlay


texts:
 were the first judges to preside over a newly established Commercial Court within the High Court in 2004 to hear cases which were complex or with a claim in excess of €1 million. She also has been in charge of the Examiners Court list and The Hague Convention on Child Abduction list. She was an ad hoc judge of the European Court of Human Rights between 2009 and 2010. She was a member of the court which heard A, B and C v Ireland which found that Ireland had breached Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights for failure to provide abortion services. Court of Appeal
The establishment of the Court of Appeal in 2014 led to her appointment as one of the first six ordinary judges to be appointed to the court. She was also a member of a working group convened prior to its foundation.She served as chairperson of the Referendum Commission for the 31st Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland. Supreme Court
On 7 November 2017, the Government of Ireland nominated her for appointment by the President of Ireland to the Supreme Court. She was appointed by the President on 1 December 2017. <mask> <mask> retired as a judge on 16 June 2019. The Chief Justice Frank Clarke described her judicial contribution as "meticulous and firm" and marked by "an overlay of lightness and a	deep underlay of humanity". Upon her retirement, she reflected on her belief in the need for more members of the judiciary to be appointed in Ireland in order for justice to be properly administered. Personal life
She married <mask> in 1981, who was also a Judge of the High Court and later a Judge of the Supreme Court.<mask> is the son of Supreme Court judge <mask>. <mask> <mask> and <mask> have two daughters and a son, including James who is a barrister and Dublin City Councillor and was the Fine Gael candidate in the 2021 Dublin Bay South by-election. References

Living people
Alumni of University College Dublin
Judges of the Court of Appeal (Ireland)
High Court judges (Ireland)
College of Europe alumni
Judges of the Supreme Court of Ireland
1949 births
21st-century Irish judges
20th-century Irish lawyers
Chairpersons of the Referendum

masks:
Finlay
Geoghegan
Hugh Geoghegan
Geoghegan
James Geoghegan
Finlay
Geoghegan
Geoghegan


texts:
<mask> (born Hans Robert Lichtenberg) is a German-American businessman best known as the last husband and widower of Zsa Zsa Gabor. He took on his new name in 1980, after Princess Marie-Auguste of Anhalt adopted him as an adult. Early life

Hans Robert Lichtenberg was born in Wallhausen near Bad Kreuznach in the Rhineland, Germany one of five children. His father was a police officer in Germany. He was trained as a baker and worked in the central market halls, later on he operated several sauna clubs in the Württemberg region. Adoption and professed title

In 1980, at the age of 36, Lichtenberg was adopted by Marie-Auguste of Anhalt (1898–1983), then in her 80s and whose first husband had been Joachim, son of former German Emperor Wilhelm II. Upon adoption, Lichtenberg's name became "<mask>halt" - "Prinz" (Prince) is part of the legal surname in Germany and not a princely title.Despite having no claim to royal or aristocratic heritage, <mask> <mask> styles himself "Prince <mask> of Anhalt, Duke of Saxony and Westphalia, Count of Ascania". Some reports state that Anhalt claims to have been a childhood friend of Marie Auguste's only biological child, Karl Franz (1916–1975), and that the grieving mother adopted him out of kindness, calling him "Prince" and "Duke of Saxony". However, British press reports indicate that Marie Auguste was bankrupt and the adoption was a business transaction, allegedly masterminded by Hans Hermann Weyer, a former window dresser who became the honorary consul of Bolivia in Luxembourg. Weyer was known for selling certificates of nobility, doctoral degrees from fictitious universities, and other spurious decorations in Germany in the 1960s.

masks:
Frédéric Prinz von Anhalt
Frric Prinz von An
Prinz
von Anhalt
Frédéric


texts:
 Lichtenberg was one of about 35 adults adopted by the ex-princess, some then styling themselves Princes of Anhalt. Regardless of the adoption by Marie-Auguste, a member of the deposed ducal family of Anhalt, the House of Ascania's website makes no mention of <mask> <mask> <mask>, as he is not blood-related. Marriage to Gabor
In 1984, <mask> <mask> moved to the U.S., becoming a socialite and living a flamboyant lifestyle.On August 14, 1986, he married Hungarian actress Zsa Zsa Gabor, who was 26 years his senior. It was his seventh marriage: he had married and divorced six times before, on one occasion receiving a settlement of $4 million. It was Gabor's ninth marriage, but legally her eighth, as her marriage to Felipe de Alba had been annulled, because she was still married to Michael O'Hara at the time. It also became her longest marriage. "We didn't marry for love", <mask> said. "It was a friendship, but when you're with someone over a certain time you fall in love." Gabor claimed that, shortly after their marriage, she came close to arranging <mask>'s adoption by an anonymous member of the British Royal Family.Since the death of Gabor in December 2016, <mask> has inherited her Bel Air mansion and all of her assets as the sole remaining heir. <mask> <mask> claims that Gabor's late daughter, Francesca Hilton, stole Gabor's will while she was hospitalized, but due to her death in January 2015, it did not interfere with <mask>'s acquisition of her assets. Candidacies for public office

On February 16, 2010, <mask> declared he would seek the governorship of California, running as an independent candidate against Meg Whitman and Jerry Brown in the 2010 election. He

masks:
Frédéric
Prinz
von Anhalt
Prinz
von Anhalt
Anhalt
Anhalt
Anhalt
Prinz
von Anhalt
Anhalt
Anhalt


texts:
 withdrew his candidacy on August 2, 2010, citing problems with his wife's health. On September 18, 2017, <mask> again declared himself a candidate in the 2018 gubernatorial election. In October 2011, via a large billboard on Sunset Boulevard, <mask> stated his intention to run for Mayor of Los Angeles in the 2013 election,  but then did not pursue this campaign. <mask> expressed his support for Donald Trump in several German interviews and television appearances.Personal life

Clash with Gabor's daughter
Zsa Zsa Gabor's daughter, the late Francesca Hilton, alleged <mask>, compromised her mother's dignity, security and health for attention and profit. Hilton claimed <mask> <mask> prohibited Gabor from having visitors, including her own daughter. Hilton claimed he fostered a circus atmosphere surrounding her mother's health, had plans to have her body preserved with plastic for public display, and claims Gabor wanted to mother a child at the age of 94, which she described as "just weird." Hilton remained worried about her mother's health, home and fortune. At the time of her death, relations between Hilton and <mask> <mask> had been sour for nearly a decade. In 2005, he sued Hilton, alleging she had attempted to defraud her mother. However, Gabor refused to sign the papers in her husband's suit against her daughter so the court dismissed it.Anna Nicole Smith affair
On February 9, 2007, <mask> stated that he had had a decade-long affair with Anna Nicole Smith and could potentially be the father of her infant girl Dannielynn Birkhead, but in March, it was determined that Smith's former boyfriend Larry Birkhead was the biological father. Robbery
On July 25, 2007, while

masks:
Anhalt
Anhalt
Anhalt
Anhalt
Prinz
von Anhalt
Prinz
von Anhalt
Anhalt


texts:
 sitting in his Rolls-Royce Phantom in Southern California, <mask> was allegedly approached by three women whom he later described as attractive. He said they asked him to pose for pictures with them, at which point one of the women robbed him at gunpoint, taking his car keys, jewelry, wallet, driver's license, and all his clothes. According to <mask> <mask>, his assailants bound him and placed him in handcuffs, yet he managed to call the authorities on a mobile telephone. Los Angeles police found him stark naked approximately one hour later. No handcuffs were found at the scene. The culprits, apparently, drove away in a Chrysler convertible.Adult adoptees
Together with Gabor, <mask> has himself adopted at least 10 adult males. The adoptees included <mask> <mask> (1971-2016, birth name: Oliver Bendig) and <mask> <mask>. In addition to selling his name in marriage, <mask> <mask> has sold as many as 68 "knighthoods" for $50,000 a piece. References

External links

Official website
 Frédéric von Anhalt Foundation (German)

1943 births
Living people
Adult adoptees
American socialites
California Independents
Candidates in the 2018 United States elections
Gabor family
German adoptees
German emigrants to the United States
German socialites
People from Bad

masks:
Anhalt
Prinz
von Anhalt
Anhalt
Oliver Prinz
von Anhalt
Marcus Prinz
von Anhalt
Prinz
von Anhalt


texts:
<mask>, Prince of Bismarck (25 September 1897 in Schönhausen, Brandenburg – 24 December 1975), was a German politician and diplomat, and the Prince of Bismarck from 1904 to his death. Early life and diplomatic career
He was the eldest of the three sons of <mask>, as well as the grandson of the German chancellor <mask> and elder brother of German Resistance figure <mask>-Schönhausen. <mask> was six when his father died and he inherited his family estate in Schönhausen. A lawyer, he joined the diplomatic service in 1927, serving in Stockholm (1927–28), London (1928–1937), with the Foreign Ministry in Berlin (1937–1940), as Envoy to Rome (Kingdom of Italy) (1940–1943), and finally as head of the Italian section of the Foreign Ministry (1943–44). In 1942, <mask> played a role in the disclosure of Nazi intelligence that allowed Balkan Jews to be saved. Jews, mostly from Croatia, had fled to the parts of Yugoslavia which the Italian army occupied during 1941 and had since that time lived in peace under the protection of the Royal Italian Army. They had run from the unsystematic butchery of the Croatian fascists, the Ustaši, but by the middle of 1942 they were threatened with the systematic extermination planned for them under the Nazi "new order" in Europe.In August of 1942 the German government formally asked the Italian government to hand them over. Mussolini agreed; a handful of Italian diplomats and generals said no. By refusing the German request and disobeying an explicit order of the Duce, the conspirators set a perilous course which in the end crossed not merely the murderous ambition of Mussolini but that of Hitler, Himmler and the SS. At the start they had no conclusive evidence of what is now known as "the final solution", but the Italian Foreign Ministry had received a broad hint. On 18 August 1942, <mask>, called on the Marchese Lanza d'Ajeta at the Italian Foreign Ministry. <mask> had

masks:
Otto Christian Archibald
Herbert von Bismarck
Otto von Bismarck
Gottfried Graf von Bismarck
Bismarck
Bismarck
Prince Bismarck
Bismarck


texts:
 orders to demand that the Italian government instruct its military authorities "to actuate those measures devised by the Germans and the Croatians for a transfer in mass of the Jews of Croatia to territories in the East". Prince <mask> let slip the fact that the measures would lead to the "dispersion and elimination" of such Jews.Indeed, in the original text d'Ajeta had recorded the word 'liquidation'. Italy now faced the holocaust squarely. <mask> himself had whispered the truth to the cabinet chief of Count Ciano: the Jews were not being transferred to the east to work but to die. Mussolini was perfectly prepared to grant his Nazi ally the bodies of a few thousand Croatian Jews. In his large hand he wrote  (no objection) across the memorandum. Mussolini apparently did not care what happened to the Jews of Croatia or refused to believe <mask>'s hint. It was that 'order' of Mussolini's that the conspirators decided to disobey.Politics
<mask> was a member of the DNVP (a far-right national-conservative party) in the Weimar Republic, and served as a Member of Parliament from 1924 to 1928. In 1933, when the Nazis came to power, he joined the Nazi Party, which he represented in the Reichstag until the very end of the Second World War in 1945. The Reichstag wielded no real influence but was an important part of the propaganda apparatus of the Third Reich and in joining he allowed the regime to use the most prestigious name in Germany to increase its credibility. In 1935 he became a member of the Anglo-German Fellowship. Whilst stationed in Rome during the Second World War, <mask> would pass on German intelligence to the Italian Foreign Office and privately speak ill of the Nazi regime, in particular Ribbentrop, Goering, and Hitler. "The Prince used to tell Italian Foreign Office officials much of what he knew, but, as Ciano discovered, 'he was hellishly afraid of being found out, and implored me in

masks: Bismarck Bismarck Bismarck Bismarck Bismarck


texts: Heaven's name not to pass his confidential information to anyone.' He was convinced of the inevitability of Germany's defeat but did not, unfortunately, mount the big political guns which had so often enabled his grandfather to avert disaster."Of <mask> and the Nazi alliance with Italy, King Umberto II said, "The military element is strong in Germany, and even <mask> who was truly exceptionally intelligent, had to submit to it." He worked as an envoy at the German Embassy at the Quirinal in Rome until August 1943. From November 1943 to November 1944, <mask> was head of the Italy Committee in the Foreign Office in Berlin. He was then released because of his contacts with members of the resistance group, however lack of evidence and the legend of the name <mask> saved him from personal persecution. He then continued to manage the family property Friedrichsruh near Hamburg. At the end of the war <mask>'s home of Friedrichsruh became one of the headquarters of the "White Buses" operation undertaken by the Swedish Red Cross and the Danish government in the spring of 1945 to rescue concentration camp inmates in areas under Nazi control and transport them to Sweden, a neutral country. Although the operation was initially targeted at saving citizens of Scandinavian countries, it rapidly expanded to include citizens of other countries.Folke Bernadotte, Count of Wisborg, a Swedish nobleman and diplomat who was then vice-president of the Swedish Red Cross, negotiated the release of about 31,000 prisoners from German concentration camps. <mask>'s wife Princess Ann-Marie had been a lifelong friend of Bernadotte having been classmates at school in Stockholm. In spite of its clearly visible Red Cross markings on the roof, the Friedrichsruh manor house was destroyed during a RAF raid in the last days of World War II, due to the (false) rumor that Heinrich Himmler was hiding there. After the war, the premises

masks: Bismarck Bismarck Bismarck Bismarck Bismarck Bismarck


texts:
 were rebuilt at the behest of prince <mask> <mask>. In the 1950s <mask> considered becoming a member of the FDP (the liberal party), which offered him a nomination for Parliament, but eventually joined the Christian-conservative CDU instead. He served as a Member of Parliament for the constituency of  (Duchy of Lauenburg; his grandfather held the title Duke of Lauenburg) from 1953 to 1965, and as a member of the foreign affairs committee. He was also a member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, and served as its Vice President from 1959 to 1960 and from 1961 to 1966.He was also chairman of the Deutsche Parlamentarische Gesellschaft from 1957 to 1961. He received the Great Cross of Merit in 1965. Personal life
<mask> married Ann-Mari Tengbom (1907–1999), a native of Sweden, daughter of Ivar Tengbom, on 18 April 1928, and they had six children:
Mari Ann (1929–1981). <mask> <mask> (1930–2019), late head of the princely House of Bismarck. Carl Alexander (1935–1992). Maximilian Viktor (born 1947). Gunilla Margaretha (born 1949), philanthropist.Eduard Leopold (born 1951). His grandson Carl-<mask> <mask> served as a Member of Parliament, representing the CDU for the constituency Herzogtum Lauenburg, from 2005 to 2007. See also
House of Bismarck

References

External links

1897 births
1975 deaths
<mask> <mask>
Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Christian Democratic Union of Germany politicians
German National People's Party politicians
German diplomats
Nazi Party politicians
Nobility in the Nazi Party
Members of the Bundestag for Schleswig-Holstein
Members of the Bundestag 1961–1965
Members of the Bundestag 1957–1961
Members of the Bundestag 1953–1957
Members of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic
People from Stendal (district)
People from the Province of Brandenburg
<mask> <mask>
Members of the Bundestag for the Christian Democratic Union

masks:
Otto von
Bismarck
Bismarck
Bismarck
Ferdinand von
Bismarck
Eduard von
Bismarck
Otto Christian
Archibald
Otto Christian
Archibald


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<mask> (born 17 October 1958), a South Korean billionaire business magnate and a representative investment strategist who is the founder of Mirae Asset Financial Group which consists of asset management, investment banking, stock brokerage, life insurance, venture capital, and other financial services. <mask> was born in Gwangju Metropolitan City, South Jeolla Province of South Korea in 1958. He graduated from Gwangju Cheil High School in 1977, and received his bachelor's degree in business from Korea University in 1983. <mask> founded Mirae Asset Global Investment and Mirae Asset Capital in 1997, Mirae Asset Securities (hereinafter referred to as Mirae Asset Daewoo) in 1999, and subsequently founded  Mirae Asset Venture Capital and so forth, and made Mirae Asset become Korea's leading independent financial conglomerate. <mask> brought the concept of the mutual fund as well as real-estate fund, and private equity fund into Korea's financial market which has changed its market dramatically from conventional to innovation. <mask> is a prominent philanthropist, pledging to donate all his dividend payouts of shares to Mirae Asset Park Hyeon Joo Foundation, founded in 2000 with his own wealth, since 2010. The foundation has been providing scholarships to underprivileged students and other outreach programs which have accumulated to around 270,000 students.(as of February 2019)

<mask> has been appointed as Global Investment Strategy Officer (GISO) of Mirae Asset Financial Group in order to focus on global business and stepped down as a chairman of Mirae Asset Daewoo as of May 23, 2018. The successful story of Mirae Asset Financial Group, led by <mask>, has been introduced in “The Case Centre” which is the world's most well-known case study institute. Early life
<mask> was born in Gwangju Metropolitan city, Jeollanam Province of South Korea in 1958. His father had passed away on the

masks:
Park Hyeon joo
Park
Park
Park
Park
Park
Park
Park