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<mask> (21 February 1843 – 29 April 1897) was a Scottish hotelier, art collector, antiquarian and writer. He amassed a considerable collection of paintings, literary works, china, furniture antiquities and other ephemera and memorabilia. His most notable literary achievement was the publication of a massive volume entitled Dundee: its Quaint and Historic Buildings (1895). Life
A. C<mask> was born in Dundee on 21 February 1843. He was the son of <mask>, who founded Lamb's Temperance Hotel in Murraygate, Dundee in 1828, and of <mask>. <mask> was educated at the High School of Dundee before being apprenticed to the baking and confectionery trade. After completing his apprenticeship he went to Liverpool, Manchester, and to Edinburgh to gain experience in hotel management.In 1867, <mask> was given charge of a temperance hotel established at 64 Reform Street, (the building was recently headquarters of the Alliance Trust). Soon after, the Murraygate hotel was sold off, and he took over the family business when his father died in 1869. On 3 July 1872, he married Mary Ann Worrall (1851–1937) in Dundee and they had two sons and four daughters. They were Mary (b. 1873), Jessie (b. 1879), Helen Kidd (b. 1881), <mask> (b.1883), Maggie Robertson (b. 1885) and George Buxton (b. 1887). In 1878, <mask> was made a member of the Society of Antiquaries. He was also a member of the Fine Art Committee in Dundee, of the Graphic Arts Association (now the Dundee Art Society) of the Edinburgh Bibliographical Society, and other societies. He died in London on 29 April 1897. The Lamb Collection
Lamb's hotel business was very successful and presumably provided the

masks:
Alexander Crawford Lamb
. Lamb
Thomas Lamb
Jessie Crawford
Lamb
Lamb
Thomas Crawford
Lamb


type: original

texts:
 financial means whereby he amassed the immense Lamb Collection which "now forms one of the largest and most varied collections of local history material in Scotland".On his death the collection was acquired by Edward Cox and donated to the City of Dundee. The artefacts are now in the City Museum and over 450 boxes of written and printed material are available and catalogued at the Local History Centre in Dundee Central Library, Wellgate, Dundee. His library included quarto and folio works of Shakespeare, and first editions of Burns, Scott, Dickens and Ruskin. In particular, he collected items pertaining to the history of Dundee. "Views of old buildings, examples of early and recent typography, consecutive specimens of Dundee journalism, coins, medals, and tokens, and relics of almost every conceivable kind which illustrated the evolution of the city's trade and commerce, were obtained, carefully stored, and zealously guarded." This collection formed the basis of exhibitions in 1892–93 and 1896, the catalogues of which are mentioned below. Dundee: Its Quaint and Historic Buildings (1895)
This book contains large and impressive lithographs of around fifty quaint buildings, streets and closes demolished in the 1870s onwards, together with authoritative historical descriptions of them.Their locations are pinpointed on an 18th-century map of the city also included. Queen Victoria was presented with a particularly lavish copy of the book (it is perhaps the copy now available in the British Library). It was reviewed in The Spectator of 19 October 1895: "Mr <mask> deserves high praise for his painstaking and interesting work, which must have


texts:
 cost many years of self-denying labour. It is too large and costly to pass into the hands of the general public, though a judicious selection might easily be made for their use; but many in Dundee can well afford to purchase it, and they ought not to miss the opportunity of possessing themselves of a splendid memorial of their ancient city.... A word of praise must be given to the illustrations which adorn Mr <mask>'s sumptuous volume." Publications
 The Dundee Register of Merchants and Trades, with all the public offices, &c. for M,DCC,LXXXIII. A reprint in facsimile, edited by A. C. <mask>, of the first number of the "Dundee Register." Dundee [printed], 1782, [reprinted], 1879."Bibliography of Dundee Periodical Literature, 1775–1891". Scottish Notes and Queries. Aberdeen: D. Wyllie & Son, 1890. Vol. III, Dec 1889 – May 1890 and Vol. IV, June 1890– May 1891. In a series of sixteen articles in this monthly journal, <mask> details exhaustively the periodical publications in Dundee from The Dundee Magazine of 1775 onwards.Guide to remarkable monuments in the Howff, Dundee, 1892. Dundee: Its Quaint and Historic Buildings. (The illustrations are from drawings made by William Gibb, David Small [1846–1927] and Charles S. Lawson [d. 1884].) Dundee: G. Petrie, 1895. In 2005, a facsimile copy of this book was published by the Tay Valley Family History Centre in Dundee. Catalogues of the Lamb Collection
 Catalogue of "Old Dundee" – A Pictorial and Historical Exhibition, Illustrative of the Past Life, Social, Political, Municipal, and Industrial, of the Ancient Burgh of Dundee, 1892–93.Dundee: published by the Dundee Art Exhibition Committee,

masks: Lamb Lamb Lamb


texts:
 1892. Catalogue of the Burns, Scott, and Shakespeare exhibition comprising books, manuscripts, engravings, medals, &c. from the collection of A.C. <mask> ... by <mask> <mask>; James Duncan, of Dundee. ; <mask>; Dundee (Scotland). Free Libraries. Victoria galleries. Dundee: J. Leng, 1896. Dowell, <mask>.Catalogue of the select and charming cabinet of modern paintings: valuable collection of medals, choice old cabinet china, camei, antiquities, etc., the property of the late A. C<mask>, Esq., Dundee. [Edinburgh] [1898]. John Maclachlan, A Brief Guide of the "Old Dundee" Historical Collection: Formed by the late Alex. C<mask>, F.S.A. Scot., and presented by Edward Cox, Esq., M.A., of Cardean. [Dundee] Christmas, 1901. Paintings catalogued in the Dundee Art Collection
 William Barclay (fl.19th century) – Broughty Castle from the Stannergate – Cat. No. 1971/6. James Michael Brown (1854–1947) – The Poet William McGonagall – (charcoal) – Cat. No. 4/41. William B. Lamont (1857–1924) – The Poet William McGonagall (1830–1902) – (oil on canvas) – Cat.No. 16/12. Unknown Artist – Portrait of a Lady – (oil – bust; full face) – Cat. No. 1971/131. References

Sources
 British Library catalogue
 National Library of Scotland catalogue
 Worldcat
Dundee Libraries, Local History Centre (Accessed 2012-10-03):
 Lamb Collection
 Biography of Lamb
 Obituaries of Lamb
 Contents of the Lamb Collection

1843 births
1897 deaths
People from Dundee
People educated at the High School of Dundee
19th-century Scottish writers
Scottish art collectors
British hoteliers
Scottish antiquarians
Businesspeople from Dundee
Writers from Dundee
19th-century Scottish

masks:
Lamb
Alexander Crawford
Lamb
Alexander Balharrie
Alexander
. Lamb
. Lamb


texts:
<mask>  (29 November 1924 – 21 October 2006) was an English Anglican theologian and biochemist. Biography
<mask> was born in Watford, England, on 29 November 1924. He was educated at Watford Grammar School for Boys, Exeter College, Oxford (BA 1945, MA 1948, BSc 1947, DPhil 1948, DSc 1962, DD 1982), and the University of Birmingham (DipTh 1960, BD 1971). He taught at the University of Birmingham from 1948 until 1959 when he was appointed University Lecturer in Biochemistry in the University of Oxford and Fellow and Tutor of St Peter's College. In 1960 he was licensed as a lay reader for the Diocese of Oxford and he held this position until 1971, when he was ordained deacon and priest,  both in the same year. From 1973 until 1984 he was Dean, Fellow,  of Clare College, Cambridge, becoming a Doctor of Science by incorporation of the University of Cambridge. In 1984 he spent one year as Professor of Judeo-Christian Studies at Tulane University.He returned to St Peter's College the following year, becoming Director of the Ian Ramsey Centre until 1988 and again from 1995 until 1999. He was appointed Honorary Chaplain of Christ Church, Oxford, in  and Honorary Canon in 1994. Apart from one year during which he was Royden B. Davis Professor of Interdisciplinary Studies at Georgetown University (1994), he spent the rest of his life in Oxford, living in St John Street, just across the road from another eminent theologian, Henry Chadwick. He had been Select Preacher before the University of Oxford in 1973 and 1975 and was Bampton Lecturer in 1978. He was Hulsean Preacher at Cambridge in 1976 and Gifford Lecturer at St Andrew's in 1993. Among Peacocke's numerous subsidiary appointments he was the President of the Science and Religion Forum from 1995 until his death, having previous been chairman (1972–78) and Vice-President (1978–92). He became an academic fellow of the Institute on Religion in an Age of Science in 1986.He founded the Society of Ordained Scientists in  and served as its first Warden from 1987 to 1992 and Warden Emeritus from 1992 until his death. He was also a sometime

masks:
Arthur Robert Peacocke
Arthur Robert Peacocke


texts:
 Vice-President of the Modern Church People's Union and member of the council of the European Society for the Study of Science and Theology. Peacocke was awarded the Lecomte du Noüy Prize in 1983. He received honorary doctorates from DePauw University (DSc 1983) and Georgetown University (DLittHum 1991). He was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire  in 1993. In 2001 he was awarded the Templeton Prize. <mask>e married Rosemary Mann on  1948.They had a daughter,  and a son who is the distinguished philosopher Christopher Peacocke. They also have five grandchildren and three great-grandchildren. Peacocke died on 21 October 2006 in Oxford. Peacocke's views
Peacocke self-identified as a panentheist, which he was careful to distinguish from being a pantheist. He is perhaps best known for his attempts to argue rigorously that evolution and Christianity need not be at odds (see Creation–evolution controversy). He may be the most well-known theological advocate of theistic evolution as author of the essay "Evolution: The Disguised Friend of Faith?". <mask> describes a position which is referred to elsewhere as "front-loading", after the fact that it suggests that evolution is entirely consistent with an all-knowing, all-powerful God who exists throughout time, sets initial conditions and natural laws, and knows what the result will be.An implication of Peacocke's particular stance is that all scientific analyses of physical processes reveal God's actions. All scientific propositions are thus necessarily coherent with religious ones. According to Peacocke, Darwinism is not an enemy to religion, but a friend (thus the title of his piece, "The Disguised Friend"). Peacocke offers five basic arguments in support of his position outlined below. Process as immanence
The process-as-immanence argument is meant to deal with Phillip Johnson's contention that naturalism reduces God to a distant entity. According to Peacocke, God continuously creates the world and sustains it in its general order and structure; He makes things make themselves. Biological evolution is an example of

masks:
Arthur Peacock
Arthur Peacocke


texts:
 this and, according to Peacocke, should be taken as a reminder of God's immanence.It shows us that "God is the Immanent Creator creating in and through the processes of natural order [italics in original]". Evolution is the continuous action of God in the world. All "the processes revealed by the sciences, especially evolutionary biology, are in themselves God-acting-as-Creator". Chance optimising initial conditions
The chance-optimizing-initial-conditions argument runs as follows: the role of chance in biological evolution can be reconciled with a purposive creator because "there is a creative interplay of 'chance' and law apparent in the evolution of living matter by natural selection." There is no metaphysical implication of the physical fact of "chance"; randomness in mutation of DNA "does not, in itself, preclude these events from displaying regular trends of manifesting inbuilt propensities at the higher levels of organisms, populations and eco-systems." Chance is to be seen as "eliciting the potentialities that the physical cosmos possessed ab initio." Random process of evolution as purposive
The random-process-of-evolution-as-purposive argument is perhaps best considered an adjunct to the process-as-immanence argument, and a direct response to Johnson's continued references to evolution as "purposeless".Peacocke suggests

Natural evil as necessity
The natural-evil-as-necessity argument is meant to be a response to the classic philosophical argument of the problem of evil, which contends that an all-powerful, all-knowing and beneficent God cannot exist as such because natural evil (mudslides which crush the legs of innocent children, for instance) occurs. Peacocke contends that the capacities necessary for consciousness and thus a relationship with God also enable their possessors to experience pain, as necessary for identifying injury and disease. Preventing the experience of pain would prevent the possibility of consciousness. Peacocke also takes an eastern argument for natural evil of that which made must be unmade for a new making to occur; there is no creation


texts:
 without destruction. To Peacocke, it is necessary that organisms go out of existence for others to come into it. Thus, pain, suffering and death are necessary evils in a universe which will result in beings capable of having a relationship with God. God is said to suffer with His creation because He loves creation, conforming the deity to be consistent with the Christian God.Jesus as pinnacle of human evolution
The Jesus-as-pinnacle-of-human-evolution argument proposed by Peacocke is that Jesus Christ is

the actualisation of [evolutionary] potentiality can properly be regarded as the consummation of the purposes of God already incompletely manifested in evolving humanity .... The paradigm of what God intends for all human beings, now revealed as having the potentiality of responding to, of being open to, of becoming united with, God. Similar propositions had previously been put by writers such as C. S. Lewis (in Mere Christianity) and Teilhard de Chardin. Relationship between theology and science typology
In the introduction to The Sciences and Theology in the Twentieth Century, Peacocke lists a set of eight relationships that could fall upon a two-dimensional grid. This list is in part a survey of deliberations that occurred at the World Council of Churches Conference on "Faith, Science and the Future", Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1979. Science and theology are concerned with two distinct realms
Reality is thought of as a duality, operating within the human world, in terms of natural/supernatural, spatio-temporal/the eternal, the order of nature/the realm of faith, the natural (or physical)/the historical, the physical-and-biological/mind-and-spirit. Science and theology are interacting approaches to the same reality
Accuracy of this view is widely and strongly resisted among those who otherwise differ in their theologies
Science and theology are two distinct non-interacting approaches to the same reality
The idea that theology tries to answer the question why, while science tries to answer the question how
Science and theology constitute two different language systems
Each


texts:
 are two distinct "language games" whose logical pre-conditions can have no bearing upon each other according to late-Wittgensteinian theory
Science and theology are generated by quite different attitudes (in their practitioners)
the attitude of science is that of objectivity and logical neutrality; that of theology personal involvement and commitment.Science and theology are both subservient to their objects and can only be defined in relation to them
Both are intellectual disciplines shaped by their object (nature or God) to which they direct their attention. Both include a confessional and a rational factor. Science and theology may be integrated
Science generates a metaphysic in terms of which theology is then formulated
For example, Alfred North Whitehead's metaphysics forms the basis of process theology

See also
 Faculty of Theology and Religion, University of Oxford
 List of scholars on the relationship between religion and science
 Open theism
 Philosophical theology
 Religious naturalism
 Theological critical realism
 Theophysics

References

Footnotes

Bibliography

Further reading

External links
<mask>e some biographical notes on the Gifford Lectures website, with some background on the lectures: Theology for a Scientific Age (published in book form during 1993 )
Arthur Peacocke and Humanity's Place in Cosmic Evolution
Society of Ordained Scientists article by him
Daily Telegraph obituary

1924 births
2006 deaths
20th-century English Anglican priests
Academics of the University of Birmingham
Alumni of Exeter College, Oxford
Alumni of the University of Birmingham
Anglican lay readers
Converts to Anglicanism from atheism or agnosticism
English biochemists
English Anglican theologians
Fellows of Clare College, Cambridge
Fellows of Mansfield College, Oxford
Fellows of St Peter's College, Oxford
Georgetown University faculty
Members of the Order of the British Empire
People educated at Watford Grammar School for Boys
Panentheists
People from Watford
Religion academics
Templeton Prize laureates
Tulane University faculty
Theistic evolutionists
Writers about religion


texts:
<mask> (2 February 1957–15 November 1989: : nom de guerre: <mask>)  (1954–1989), popularly as D. M<mask>era and Gamanayake. Ananda was captured by Sri Lankan government forces in 1989 and apparently died in captivity. Early life
He was born on 2 February 1957 at Minuwangate village near Rindibendiella in Wariyapola, Sri Lanka. His father, a chena farmer, also had some knowledge of indigenous fracture medicine. He had two siblings. As a child, he was raised by his grandmother due to the separation of his parents.At the age of 12, he was ordained as <mask>uwangate <mask> Thero on May 3, 1968 at the Demataluwa Pothgul Vihara by his Chief Guru Thero, Ven. Rekawa Jinaratana Thero, the Chief Justice of the North Western Province, who was the Chief Incumbent of the Pothgul Viharaya until 2020. He was educated at the Ratmale Rathanasena Pirivena. Then he entered the University of Peradeniya on October 17, 1977 to pursue a degree in Fine Arts. Political career

Student leader
<mask> Thera, who had no JVP affiliation at the time of his arrival at the university, was recruited by Shantha Bandara. <mask> Thera first attended JVP classes in March 1978 at the Peradeniya University Sangharama along with eight other university clergy students. The leader who coordinated the JVP monks in Peradeniya at that time was Ven.Palukadawala Premananda Thero of Dalupitiya, Mahara. The JVP held a two-week national educational camp in Harispattuwa in June 1978 and <mask> Thera also joined it. Among those who gave lectures for the camp were Shantha Bandara, Vass Tillekeratne, <mask> Wanniarachchi and Rohana Wijeweera came to the lecture on the last day. During his university days, D.M<mask> was a student activist. They and others have been working since 1978 to build the student movement. As

masks:
Dissanayake Mudiyanselage Nandasena
Amal Mahattaya
. Anandawe
Min
Ananda
Ananda
Ananda
Ananda
Daya
. Ananda


texts:
 a result, the JVP Socialist Students' Union gained almost all control of the Peradeniya University Student Council in 1979/80.He was President of the Socialist Students Union, the student arm of the JVP, and the Secretary of the Inter University Students' Federation (IUSF). At the request of the JVP, <mask> Thera removed his robes and became D. M. Nandasena. He was later named Aruna or Amal or Alahakoon or Adhikari. Although <mask> sat for the final examination of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Peradeniya in August 1981 and passed with a special degree in Political Science, he chose the full-time politics of the JVP. He came into prominence in 1981 during the countrywide protest against the government White Paper on Educational Reforms. As the chief organizer of this campaign, which was largely steered by the JVP, thousands of university and other students demonstrated on the streets. As a result of this campaign, the JVP drew radical youths to the movement.<mask> was recognized as a capable organizer. He became the key link between the JVP and the university activists. They played the most vital part of the 1987-89 insurrection and many of the party’s leaders were students or former students. The first of these protests was the massive agitation that took place on January 20, 1981 in Galle Modara, encircling the old Parliament premises. Following the protest, a JVP-led rally was held on February 26, 1981 at Hyde Park. Meanwhile, Wijeweera also addressed the gathering and asked them to come to the university and see who has the student power. In his speech, <mask> also challenged the traditional left parties.Rise in the party
Ananda was described by the JVP Kandy District Organization in 1983 as an extremist activist. The reason for this was the

masks: Ananda Ananda Ananda Ananda


texts: appointment of the Acting Vice Chancellor Prof. <mask> as a hostage on the fifth day during the deadly fast conducted by students of Peradeniya University in 1983. The JVP decided to continue the student fast as a mass protest with the support of the surrounding villages. However, in violation of that agreement, Prof. <mask> was taken hostage under the invisible leadership of Ananda. The JVP Kandy District Committee did not approve of the decision of <mask> to make the Vice Chancellor a hostage and strongly advised <mask> not to act arbitrarily. In the meantime, when <mask>'s name was proposed to the JVP Central Committee in early 1983, the Kandy District Committee had unanimously rejected it. <mask>, who was appointed to the Central Committee at the end of 1983 after the banning of the JVP, joined the Politburo in late 1984.After the banning of the JVP, he also served as the Matara, Kalutara and Colombo District Organizers. By 1985, some of the top leaders had left the party including Lionel Bopage, <mask> Wanniarachchi, Vaas Thilakaratne and <mask> Pathirana. As a result, young leaders, such as D.M<mask>, H.B. Herath and Shantha Bandara had the opportunity to move up. During the 1987–1989 JVP insurrection, he was also the leader of the student, bhikku and women's wing and the military leader in the Western and Sabaragamuwa Provinces. He was also in charge of the technical division that manufactured bombs and mines.<mask> was also instrumental in the activities of the cultural section including the Ranahanda radio conducted by the JVP. He was also the third unofficial leader of the second insurrection. The anti-democratic activities of the government, the threats posed by the Tamil separatists, the austerity measures taken by the university students on a number

masks:
Dias
Dias
Ananda
Ananda
Ananda
Ananda
Daya
Mahinda
. Ananda
Ananda


texts:
 of issues including the austerity of free education were instrumental in stabilizing the JVP among the students and the strategic leadership of <mask>. To resolve the forcible bus strike held by the SLTB United Front from June 12 to July 13, 1989, <mask> also went to Sucharitha and conducted discussions with president Ranasinghe Premadasa. In addition, he also maintained contacts with Gurujit Singh and Hardeep Puri, both official and unofficial officials of the Indian Embassy in Sri Lanka. The power of the JVP mass organizations throughout the country was vested in Ananda and the armed forces of the JVP throughout the country were under Saman Piyasiri Fernando. Meanwhile since August 1988, Wijeweera had animosity towards Saman and <mask> in the Politburo.Kota Gamini who worked at the Milson lathe on Shavia Mawatha in Ratnapura, joined the JVP in 1980 and continued to be an activist after being banned by the JVP. Under the supervision of Ananda, the Milson site was secretly used as a rebels' quarry and even produced the barrel of a T-56 rifle. After the arrest of Jayaratne, a JVP rebel who had been constantly bringing messages to the Milson lathe and a resident of Welimaluwa, Ratnapura, was arrested. Through his confessions, involvement of <mask> to the lathe was revealed by The Rapid Deployment Force (RDF). Jayaratne also told the security forces that <mask> frequently visit Kandurupokuna to meet one of his friends. Later another JVP rebel, Kandurupokuna was caught by the army in January 1989 and according to information received from Kandurupokuna, Ananda's driver Amaratunga was the first to be arrested and Anura Priyankara alias Bandulal, a father of one born in Weligama was arrested second. Final days
After being tortured, they also revealed the information,

masks: Ananda Ananda Ananda Ananda Ananda


texts:
 allowing Ananda to flee three days later.But <mask> did not received the message and on October 28, 1989, he was arrested at a military post near Ratnapura while riding a motorbike driven by another person to his Ratnapura lodge. After the arrest, <mask> was brought to the Mattegoda camp and later to the Yataro Cafeteria camp, tortured in each of these camps. Then he was detained in the dungeon run by the Law Faculty of the University of Colombo. Ananda was facilitated more than the other suspects during interrogations where Lieutenant <mask>la and Captain Sirishantha also used Marxist-translated translations to win <mask>'s mind..01

On behalf of the JVP Politburo to release the arrested Ananda, H. B. Herath had met Minister Saumyamoorthy Thondaman on November 08, 1989 and made a request to President Premadasa through him. However, there was no positive response from the President and <mask> was assassinated on November 15, 1989 in Mattegoda after the assassination of Wijeweera. It is widely believed that Wijeweera was arrested by a revelation made by Ananda. But, it is an opinion popularized by security intelligence on the advice of foreign intelligence services.In popular media
The biographical film of Rohana Wijeweera's late life titled Ginnen Upan Seethala was released in 2018. The film was directed by Anurudha Jayasinghe and actor Narada Thotagamuwa played <mask>'s role. References

Further reading
C.A Chandrapream (1991), Sri Lanka, the Years of Terror - The JVP Insurrection 1987-1989, Lake House Bookshop,
Rohan Gunaratne (1990), Sri Lanka, a Lost Revolution? - The Inside Story of the JVP, Institute of Fundamental Studies,
A.C. Alles (1990), The JVP 1969-1989, A.C. Alles,

1954 births
1989 deaths
Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna politicians
Sri Lankan

masks: Ananda Ananda Madawa Ananda Ananda Ananda


texts:
<mask> is an American actress and singer. She is known for her portrayal of Amanda Young in the Saw franchise (2004–2010), which established her as a "scream queen" and as an influential figure in popular culture. She has also starred as Linda in the CBS sitcom Becker (1998–2004) and Jennifer Goodson on the FX sitcom Anger Management (2012–2014). In addition to acting, <mask> once fronted the rock band Fydolla Ho, with which she toured globally. Later, with actress Missi Pyle, she served as half of Smith & Pyle, a country rock band. Early life
<mask> was born at Orangeburg Regional Hospital in Orangeburg, South Carolina. She is the second child of Patricia Ann (née Smoak), an oncology nurse, and James H<mask>, a financial planner and former US Air Force pilot.When she was one year old, her family relocated from South Carolina to Van Nuys, California. Her parents divorced when she was two years old, and her mother remarried when she was eight years old. She attended Ranchito Avenue Elementary School in Panorama City, Los Angeles and Madison Jr. High in North Hollywood, Los Angeles. She then attended North Hollywood High School, graduating in 1987. Career

Acting career

Early film roles
<mask> began acting as a child, appearing on stage in A Christmas Carol repertory from ages eight to 11 and starred in a stage play with Richard Dreyfuss at age 15. She performed in the original stage production of To Gillian on Her 37th Birthday and won the Dramalogue Critics Award for her performance, becoming the youngest actor up to that time to receive such an honor. She made her television debut in a McDonald's commercial titled "Best Friends" in 1981.She joined the Screen Actors

masks:
Shawnee Rebecca Smith
Smith
Smith
. Smith
Smith


texts:
 Guild at age nine and made her feature film debut in John Huston's 1982 adaptation of the Broadway musical Annie, as one of Annie Bennett Warbucks's fellow orphans. In 1985, she co-starred in two melodramas, Not My Kid and Crime of Innocence, along with a small role in Iron Eagle (1986). In 1987, <mask> co-starred in Summer School as pregnant student Rhonda Altobello. The following year, she starred in a 1988 remake of the Irvin Yeaworth classic The Blob, as well as the film Bluegrass with Cheryl Ladd. <mask> played a rich teen who helps Harry Crumb locate her kidnapped sister in the 1989 film Who's Harry Crumb?. That same year, she co-starred with Jennie Garth and Barbara Eden in the short-lived TV series Brand New Life. The following year, she co-starred in Michael Cimino's remake of the thriller Desperate Hours.She took a three-year break from acting in the early 1990s, primarily because she had outgrown teenage roles and had a hard time finding work. In 1994, she played Julie Lawry in the TV miniseries The Stand, based on the novel by Stephen King, and landed a small role in the film Leaving Las Vegas. Breakthrough with Becker and the Saw franchise

From 1998 to 2004, <mask> co-starred as Linda in Becker. She made several guest appearances on such television shows as Cagney & Lacey, Murder, She Wrote, The X-Files, Players, and Law & Order: Los Angeles. In 2003, she lent her voice to an episode of the Disney cartoon Kim Possible as Vivian Porter. <mask> became well known for her role as Amanda Young in the Saw films. She has been called a "scream queen" due to the number of horror films in which she has appeared.In the DVD commentary of Saw, the producers revealed

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith


texts:
 that her scenes were filmed while she was battling a terrible case of the flu. In the DVD commentary of Saw II, she was revealed to be four months pregnant with her second child during filming. Her pregnancy was kept a secret from everyone except director Darren Lynn Bousman. He mentioned in the commentary that <mask>'s daughter Verve accidentally told him about the pregnancy during filming. <mask> has said that although she is briefly shown in Saw IV and Saw V, she was never on set. Any scenes featuring her were dubbed from file footage. On March 20, 2009, producer Mark Burg released a statement confirming that <mask> would be in Saw VI.She arrived in Toronto on March 31, 2009, to begin filming new flashback sequences. She  admitted she has a hard time watching the Saw films, or horror movies in general. She originally turned the role of Amanda Young down because it was very upsetting to her. After turning the role down, she was shown the eight-minute short film Saw by Leigh Whannell and James Wan and changed her mind after the role was offered to her a second time. Continued work and other ventures
In 2006, <mask> made an appearance in the 10-minute short film trailer Repo! The Genetic Opera, also directed by Bousman. <mask>'s character was Heather Sweet, the surgery-addicted daughter of GeneCo president Rotti Largo.The trailer was filmed in Toronto, Ontario, and was an adaptation from the stage version. Bousman filmed the trailer after completing Saw III to try to pitch the idea to film producers. <mask> did not reprise her role as Heather Sweet when Lionsgate and Twisted Pictures picked up the film in 2007; she was replaced by Paris Hilton. In 2008, <mask> played

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith


texts:
 Detective Gina Harcourt in the FEARnet original series 30 Days of Night: Dust to Dust. The series premiered on July 17, 2008, on FEARnet.com in six webisodes along with behind-the-scenes clips. This series is a continuation of the first webisode series 30 Days of Night: Blood Trails. She made her producing debut with this series.<mask> was the host and one of three mentors on the VH1 reality program Scream Queens, which aired from October 20, 2008, to December 8, 2008. <mask> did not return as host and mentor for season two due to scheduling conflicts; she was replaced by Jaime King. In 2009, <mask> played the role of Dr. Sullivan, child psychiatrist, in The Grudge 3. The film was a direct-to-DVD release on May 12, 2009. She appeared as a guest star on The Secret Life of the American Teenager on August 30, 2010. It was her first television appearance since Scream Queens aired in 2008. She appeared in the series premiere of Law & Order: Los Angeles on September 29, 2010.<mask> starred as Jennifer Goodson, the ex-wife of Charlie Sheen's character in the TV series Anger Management. Music career

Smith & Pyle
She was part of a country rock music group with actress Missi Pyle called Smith & Pyle. The two actresses met while filming an ABC comedy pilot titled Traveling in Packs. The band started after <mask> invited Pyle to join her in attending the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival. The duo formed a band. Their first album, It's OK to Be Happy, was released digitally through iTunes and Amazon.com in July 2008. Their debut album was recorded in Joshua Tree, California, and produced by Chris Goss.<mask> and Pyle became business partners and formed their own record

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith


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 label, called Urban Prairie Records. The two disbanded in 2011 before a second album was completed. While promoting Anger Management in 2013, she stated that she reached a point where she wanted to focus on her children and television work. Other work
<mask> contributed to the soundtrack of Saw III with vocals on Hydrovibe's song "Killer Inside" and to the soundtrack for Catacombs as a solo vocalist with the song "Please Myself". Her voice was also featured in the film Carnival of Souls, where her character Sandra performed a jazz song titled "I Fear". <mask> fronted the punk/metal band Fydolla Ho (the name coming from the Chris Rock character in I'm Gonna Git You Sucka (1988) in the early 2000s. The group was originally formed by <mask>, Suicidal Tendencies bassist Robert Trujillo, Suicidal Tendencies guitarist Rick Battson, and Skindred vocalist Benji Webbe as a small recording project.The band released their debut full-length album, Untied, in December 2001. She balanced the band with being a regular cast member on Becker. The band officially ended in 2004. <mask> began working on a solo album in 2004 with producer Chris Goss, but the project was never completed. In an interview with Radio Free in October 2005, she stated, "between being a mom, and working, and growing another baby, I have not had time to give attention to music for a while." She provided vocals on a cover of Steve Miller Band’s “Abracadabra” by Eagles of Death Metal after Jesse Hughes overheard her singing the song in a studio bathroom. This cover was released in 2019.Personal life
<mask> has three children, a daughter from her marriage to photographer Jason Reposar (1998–2003), a son from her

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 brief marriage to musician Kai Mattoon (2005–2006) and a son in 2010. Her two older children were featured in the debut Smith & Pyle album, It's OK to Be Happy. The children are listed in the album credits as having vocals and spoken narrative tracks for two songs. <mask> and Reposar eloped in 1998 while on vacation in Scotland. The song "Sugar", performed by Smith & Pyle, was written by <mask> after her divorce from Reposar. She describes it as her breakup song, saying that it is quite different from Pyle's breakup song, "I Wish You Were Dead". <mask> is a convert from Lutheranism to Eastern Orthodoxy, and in 2014 stated that she was thinking of making a documentary about her conversion and other aspects of Orthodoxy, which she planned to call Orthodoxy: A Love Story.<mask> was featured in Maxim in June 2001. In 2013, after her religious conversion to Orthodox Christianity, <mask> expressed regret about the two Maxim photo shoots and guessed that 80% of her presence on the Internet comes from those two shoots alone. Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

Discography

Singles
 Songs featured in film
 "I Fear", Carnival of Souls (1998)
 "Killer Inside" (with Hydrovibe), Saw III soundtrack (2006)
 "Zytrate Anatomy", Repo! The Genetic Opera 10-minute short film (2006)
 "Please Myself", Catacombs soundtrack (2007)

Standalone works
 "Deciding" (2004)
 "Head" (2004)
 "Shelter" (2004)

Awards and nominations

References

External links

Living people
Actresses from South Carolina
American child actresses
American women country singers
American country singer-songwriters
American film actresses
American heavy metal singers
American stage actresses
American


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 television actresses
American women heavy metal singers
People from Orangeburg, South Carolina
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Converts to Eastern Orthodoxy from Lutheranism
Eastern Orthodox Christians from the United States
Country musicians from South Carolina
North Hollywood High School alumni
Singer-songwriters from South Carolina
Year of birth missing (living people)
Women punk rock


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<mask>ob (; born June 10, 1944) is a South Korean film and television actor. In recent years he appeared in the family dramas Mom's Dead Upset, My Too Perfect Sons and Ojakgyo Brothers. In 2007 <mask> landed in the news after he made remarks at a GNP rally denouncing candidate Lee Hoi-chang's late entry into the presidential race. Filmography

Film

Salut d'Amour (2015) (cameo)
My Brilliant Life (2014)
Scout (2007)
Underground Rendezvous (2007) (cameo)
Sorrow Even Up in Heaven (2007)
Magang Hotel (2007)
Hot for Teacher (2006)
Lump Sugar (2006) (cameo)
Hanbando (2006)
Oh! 1 (SBS / 1997)OK Ranch (SBS / 1997)Golden Feather (MBC / 1997)Salted Mackerel (MBC / 1996)The Fourth Republic (MBC / 1995)The Liverish Man (KBS2 / 1995)Do You Remember Love (MBC / 1995)Way of Living: Woman (SBS / 1994)I Want to Be Happy (SBS / 1994)The Lonely Man (KBS2 / 1994)Good Morning, Yeongdong!

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Baek Il se
Baek


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<mask><mask> (born October 16, 1949) is an American former professional basketball player. Early life
A two-year starter at Wendell Willkie High School (now Elwood High School) in Elwood, Indiana, Mengelt was named all-conference two years, named an Indiana All-Star (sponsored by the Indianapolis Star) and was selected twice to the Indiana all-state team. Mengelt also participated in football (All-State as a Senior), baseball and track & field in high school. College career
A 6’2" guard, Mengelt played for Auburn University. As a sophomore in 1968–69, he led the Tigers in scoring with 19.4 points per game to go with 4.2 rebounds and 2.4 assists per game, shooting .525 from the field and .807 from the free throw line as the Tigers were 15-10. Mengelt was voted second team ALL-SEC UPI and AP and first team by the coaches. As a junior in 1969–70, he led the 15-11 team in scoring with a new school record of 26.8 points per game to go with 6.0 rebounds and 2.0 assists per game while shooting .465 from the field and .800 from the free throw line.On February 14, 1970 he set an Auburn record with 60 points in a game against the University of Alabama He was named first team All-Southeastern Conference (SEC). In his senior season of 1970–71, Mengelt averaged a still-standing school-record 28.3 points per game as the Tigers went 11-15. ], a 121-78 Tigers victory. Mengelt still holds the record for free throws made in a season (208 in 1970–71) and is second in Auburn history in free throws made in a game (17 on March 2, 1970 against the University of Kentucky). Besides the 60-point game, he holds the next three high-point games of 48 vs. Vanderbilt University, 47 vs. Ole Miss and 45 vs. North Carolina State University. As a senior, he also averaged 4.1

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 rebounds and 3.5 assists per game with a .484 field goal percentage and .812 free throw percentage. He was named first-team All-SEC.<mask> was also named All-American in both his junior and senior seasons. He is Auburn's fifth all-time leading scorer with 1,920 points despite playing only three varsity seasons while all ahead of him played four. He remains number one in career scoring average with 24.8. His number 15 is one of six jerseys retired at Auburn. <mask> has the 9th highest career scoring average in SEC history (24.8) and only 7 players have averaged more than him in one year (28.6). <mask> is also one of 19 players to score 60+ points in an NCAA Division I game. Professional career
<mask> was drafted  (21st overall) of the 1971 NBA Draft by the Cincinnati Royals.As a rookie with the Royals, he played in 78 games, averaging 18.4 minutes per game as a backup guard and averaging 10.0 points, 1.9 rebounds and 1.9 assists per game. By far his most productive game came on February 25, 1972 as he scored 32 points against the Los Angeles Lakers. Prior to his second season, the Royals moved and became the Kansas City-Omaha Kings. After playing 12 games with the Kings, on November 9, 1972 he was traded to the Detroit Pistons, for whom he played another 67 games. For the season, he averaged 9.7 points, 2.3 rebounds and 1.9 assists per game. In his third season of 1973–74, he played 77 games, averaging 8.8 points and a career-high 2.7 rebounds with 1.9 assists (for the third consecutive season) per game as the Pistons posted a 52-30 record, losing the Western Conference semifinals in seven games to the Chicago Bulls. He had his second career game of 30 points or more with 30 on December 1, 1973 against the Phoenix Suns.In 1974–75, Mengelt

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 played in 80 games with a career-high 24.9 minutes per game, averaging a then career-best 11.0 points per game to go with 2.4 rebounds and 2.5 assists per game. On December 14, 1974 he set a career high with 33 points against the Philadelphia 76ers, and he scored 30 on March 9, 1975 against the Kings. The 1975–76 season, his fifth in the NBA and third full season with the Pistons, he played 67 games, averaging 10.7 points, 1.7 rebounds and 1.6 assists per game. On January 18, 1976, he scored a season-high 32 points against the Phoenix Suns. On November 18, 1976, he was sold to the Chicago Bulls, for whom in 1976–77 he played 61 games, averaging 8.3 points, 1.8 rebounds and 1.9 assists. The Bulls went 44-38 and lost the opening-round playoff series to the Portland Trail Blazers. In 1977–78, he played in a career-high 81 games, averaging 10.3 points, 1.6 rebounds and a career-high 2.9 assists per game.In 1978–79, he tied his career-best of 11.0 points per game to go with 1.6 rebounds and 2.5 assists. The 1979–80 season was his fourth and final in Chicago. Injuries limited him to 36 games and 6.1 points per game. Mengelt played one season in Italy between his last season with the Bulls and his final NBA season with the Warriors in 1980–81, for whom he played just two games, ending his professional career. Mengelt was a fan favorite wherever he played, earning the nickname "Crash" from Royals teammate Norm Van Lier for his willingness to dive after loose balls. He retired with 6,218 career points. Personal life
After retiring as a player, Mengelt worked in TV for about 20 years serving as color analyst for the Pistons, Bulls, and DePaul basketball while also doing some national work for ABC.During that time, he also worked for Professional


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 Athletes Career Enterprises, a startup organization that assists retiring professional athletes move successfully into second careers. He also continued to grow his own successful executive search firm, Breckenridge Partners, located in the Chicago suburb of Lake Forest, Illinois  Breckenridge Partners has executed over 1,000 retained executive searches working in various industries including Healthcare, Higher Education, Financial Services, Technology, Manufacturing, Distribution and Consulting and Not for Profits. Some of Breckenridge Partners clients have included IBM, Walt Disney World, One America Financial Partners, Applied Biosystems, CR Bard, Textron and Public Accounting Firm Ernst & Young and several Not for Profits, and Universities. As an avocation,  Mengelt also spent 20+ years in broadcasting basketball games for WGN, ESPN and ABC. In 1995, Mengelt was inducted into the  Alabama Sports Hall of Fame and in 1996 into the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame. Mengelt and his wife of 49 years live in the United States. They have one grown daughter, <mask> Corridon, and twin grandchildren Cullen and Hannah, born in 2013.See also
List of NCAA Division I men's basketball players with 60 or more points in a game

References

External links
Career Stats

1949 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Italy
American men's basketball players
Auburn Tigers men's basketball players
Basketball players from Indiana
Basketball players from Wisconsin
Chicago Bulls announcers
Chicago Bulls players
Cincinnati Royals draft picks
Cincinnati Royals players
Detroit Pistons announcers
Detroit Pistons players
Golden State Warriors players
Kansas City Kings players
People from Elwood, Indiana
Shooting guards
Sportspeople from La Crosse,


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<mask> (born November 10, 1970) is an American film director and writer based in Los Angeles. A lifelong lover of film, <mask> struggled for the first decades of his career, receiving his first break into the motion picture industry at the age of 40 with the release of his 2012 feature film The Pact. In 2014 he released At the Devil's Door, establishling himself primarily as a maker of horror film. Early life

<mask> was born in New Hampshire to an Irish-American Catholic family. His family relocated to the Boston area when <mask>'s father took a position as headmaster at Brookline High School. His mother also worked in education as a schoolteacher. <mask> began shooting films at the age of 10 with a Super 8 camera.One of <mask>'s first movie theater outings was seeing the movie Jaws with his older sister, and he later frequented Boston's many repertory cinemas, such as the Coolidge Corner Theater, which screened 35mm prints of older American and foreign films. Local television station WLVI also provided <mask> with free access to B-movies through its weekly science fiction and horror movie program Creature Double Feature

<mask> became fascinated with cinematography and by junior high was drawn to the films of David Cronenberg, George Romero, John Waters and David Lynch. When he entered Brookline High, <mask> struck up a friendship with future author and humorist John Hodgman. The two shared a love of weird films and co-edited the controversial magazine Samizdat. Named after dissident underground literature in the Soviet Union, the friends published the magazine for free. The handmade high school publication's open editorial policy sparked a free speech debate among the school's students and faculty and brought citywide attention to its young publishers. During his teens <mask> also made short movies using a video camera and dabbled in animation through classes in high school and a local arts center.Filmmaking career

After high school <mask> lived in

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texts: Chicago and took filmmaking classes at Columbia College before relocating to New York to attend SUNY Purchase full-time. After graduating with a degree in film, he moved to Brooklyn and worked as a bartender. In his spare time, <mask> worked in his apartment using a rented editing machine to finish a film that he'd started at SUNY. <mask> only showed the film once, to a group of his own friends in a rented movie theater. In 2000 <mask> moved to Los Angeles where he slept on a couch in his sister's home before renting a Sunset Boulevard apartment for $500 a month. He soon formed the Alpha 60 Film Collective with fellow cinephiles Neil Matsumoto and Cecil Castellucci. Named for the fictional computer villain in Jean-Luc Godard's film Alphaville, the group collaborated on making numerous short films, which they showed at the Echo Park Film Center.<mask>'s 12th film for Alpha 60, entitled Maid, was envisioned as a Spanish language documentary that evolves into a Korean musical in under six minutes. Upon seeing the short, a scout from the Sundance Film Festival recommended <mask> submit any subsequent work to Sundance. This vote of confidence prompted <mask> to make "Cry for Help," a short film about a zombie version of Jesus Christ, which premiered at Sundance in 2005. His next short film, Chinese Box starring Sam Ball and Petra Wright, was shot for just $300 and played at Sundance in 2009. Each film toured the festival circuit and netted interest from producers, but no offers for further production. His third short to play at Sundance, an 11-minute ghost story called The Pact, debuted in 2011. When the short was optioned for a longer production, within six weeks <mask> expanded it into a feature and was contracted to direct the new feature-length version of the film.The 89-minute feature of The Pact premiered at Sundance in 2012 and was picked up for distribution by IFC. A wide release in the United Kingdom grossed $4 million, and the film was well received

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 stateside with the Los Angeles Times later calling it "a crisply made haunted house movie that benefited from its grab-bag approach." <mask> immediately got to work on his next film, originally titled Home, which premiered at Austin's South by Southwest Film Festival in 2014. Before distribution, <mask> changed the film's name to At the Devil's Door at IFC's suggestion. That same year <mask> served as executive producer on a sequel to The Pact starring the first film's original leads, but written and directed by Dallas Hallam and Patrick Horvath. <mask> had no creative involvement with the sequel. <mask> was approached by French horror film directors Julien Maury and Alexandre Bustillo to make an English language version of their film Livid, but the project fell through.In 2016 <mask> was featured as part of the 17-disc Blu-ray set Feast, commemorating the life and films of Herschell Gordon Lewis. That same year he contributed a short film about the Easter Bunny to the horror film anthology Holidays. The short was praised by both secular and religious writers online as a disturbing examination of faith. <mask> directed the horror-thriller The Prodigy for Orion Pictures, which was released on February 8, 2019. The film was written by Jeff Buhler and starred Taylor Schilling and Jackson Robert Scott. Award nominations

At the 2011 Sundance Film Festival, <mask>'s original short version of The Pact was nominated for a Short Filmmaking Award in the category of U.S. Dramatic Film.At 2014's South by Southwest Film Festival the audience nominated home for an award in the Midnighters category. Personal life

In 2007 <mask> married college friend Alexandra Lisee, a television, film and video producer who also produced <mask>'s first short for Sundance. They have a daughter, Agatha. Filmography

References

External links

 <mask> on Vimeo

1971 births
Horror film directors
Living people
People from Brookline, Massachusetts
People from New Hampshire
Brookline High

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<mask> (born 12 July 1981) is a British writer and analyst, and Director at the International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Political Violence (ICSR) at King's College London. He also teaches at Johns Hopkins University. The son of Pakistani immigrants, for several years after 9/11 <mask> was a member of the Islamist organisation Hizb ut-Tahrir, but left the movement after the 2005 London bombings and became an outspoken critic of radical Islam. He has written for leading newspapers in Britain and elsewhere, produced reports and studies on counterterrorism strategy, and appeared in the international news media as a commentator on jihad and radicalisation. Early life
<mask> was born in 1981 in Birmingham to British-Pakistani parents. His father was an accountant, and when Shiraz was an infant the family moved to Saudi Arabia. He stated he had never been very concerned about Saudi culture, noting he "lived in a Western compound, with everything you could want: tennis courts, swimming pools, cricket, basketball, bike races, all gender-mixed.”

One day when he was eleven, he was wearing a Daffy Duck T-shirt bearing the slogan "I Support Operation Desert Storm" and a Saudi man challenged him about the sentiment."I said, 'Why not? Saddam's a terrible man.' The man said: 'No. This is an American conspiracy. These people use us as an excuse to establish bases on holy soil. '”

In 1995, when he was age 14, <mask> moved back to Britain. He attended Solihull School from 1995 to 2000.In 2000, he enrolled at the University of Leeds. Radical phase
Reacting to the attacks on 9/11, <mask> thought to himself that America deserved the attacks as reciprocation for meddling with the affairs of the Arab world, and supporting Israel. "You shall reap what you sow, and this is what you've sown for a long time." He later said that 9/11 "activated" latent anti-American ideas he had picked up

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 in Saudi Arabia. After the attacks, he gave up alcohol, ended his relationship with his girlfriend, and joined Hizb ut-Tahrir. By the time the US invaded Afghanistan, <mask> had recovered his Muslim faith and moved into an apartment across the street from a local mosque. He became a graduate student at University of Cambridge.Meanwhile, he rose in ranks at Hizb ut-Tahrir, advancing from cell leader to regional director. He was even invited to join the group's British executive committee. In 2005, however, he began to hold doubts about Hizb ut-Tahrir. At Cambridge, he encountered numerous sects of Islam and decided that Hizb ut-Tahrir's ideology was erroneous and led to terrorism. He left Hizb ut-Tahrir on 7 July 2005, the day the London Underground bombings took place, killing 52 people. Post-radical years
After leaving radical Islam, <mask> dedicated his life to opposing jihad. For a time, he ran Standpoint magazine's "Focus on Islamism" blog with Alexander Meleagrou-Hitchens.He produced a television program for BBC's Panorama entitled "How I became a Muslim extremist." He also worked for Policy Exchange, writing a series of studies on national security. His report on reforming the government's counter-terrorism strategy was praised by both Michael Gove, then Britain's Secretary of State for Education, and Lord Guthrie of Craigiebank, former Chief of the Defence Staff. <mask> is today a senior fellow at the International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation, King's College London, where "he researches Europe's homegrown Islamist movement and profiles the droves of young Britons who are decamping for Syria and Iraq to wage jihad with ISIS, aka the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham." He also researches the development of Salafi jihadism ideology, and jihadist organisations in the broader Middle East. As a result of this research he has been invited to give evidence before

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 three parliamentary committees. In addition, <mask> works as an adjunct at Johns Hopkins University, where he co-teaches a course on radicalisation with Peter Neumann.He was a visiting lecturer at Washington College during the spring semester of 2012. Views
<mask> has said that the British government spent years ignoring the radicalisation of a generation of British Muslims. "In the late 1980s, early '90s," he said, "this country opened its doors to radical Islamist preachers from around the world who began to preach a very hard-line, totalitarian message about what Islam should look like." Sohrab Ahmari wrote in the Wall Street Journal that, thanks in part to <mask>'s efforts, "the British branch of Hizbut Tahrir has been decimated ... Hizbut Tahrir rallies used to draw 20,000 supporters. Today 'they struggle to get 1,000.'" <mask> has stated, "Did bin Laden win? Yes.He did not want there to be a strong hand in the region for the world's greatest and most powerful force for good—the United States. And voluntarily, we chose to disengage, and watched as these radical millenarians came in and took over ... This is a disgrace and a humiliation." <mask> has described Iran's Press TV and Russia Today as "propaganda channels." He has praised Benjamin Netanyahu for bombing Syria, has described it as a "palpable falsity" to call Israel an apartheid state, and has urged the European Union to blacklist Hezbollah as a terrorist organisation. Honors and awards
<mask> was awarded the first Konrad Adenauer Foundation Fellowship in Energy Security. He was a fellow at the European Centre for Energy and Resource Security (EUCERS) where he explored the impact of political unrest in the Middle East on energy markets.Publications
<mask>'s articles have appeared in Standpoint, Foreign Affairs, The Telegraph, The Guardian, The Spectator, The Wall Street Journal, The Independent, The Daily Mail,

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 Haaretz, The Jewish Chronicle, and The New Statesman, and on the websites of BBC News and the Gatestone Institute. His reports and studies include the following:
Salafi-Jihadism:  The History of an Idea, Hurst Publ. (April 2016). "Greenbirds: Measuring Importance and Influence in Syrian Foreign Fighter Networks", ICSR (April 2014; co-authored with Joseph Carter and Peter Neumann). "The Arab Spring and its impact on supply and production in global markets", European Centre for Energy and Resource Security, (October 2013). "Between ‘engagement’ and a ‘values-led’ approach: Britain and the Muslim Brotherhood from 9/11 to the Arab Spring, in Western reactions to the rise of Islamists in the MENA" (Al-Mesbar, January 2013; co-authored with Martyn Frampton). "Change and Continuity: Hizb ut Tahrir’s strategy and ideology in Britain, in Revisionism and Diversification in New Religious Movements" (Ashgate, October 2013)."Al-Qaeda at the crossroads: how the terror group is responding to the loss of its leaders and the Arab Spring", ICSR (August 2012; co-authored with Peter Neumann). "Lights, Camera, Jihad: Al-Shabaab’s Western media strategy", ICSR (November 2012; co-authored with Alexander Meleagrou-Hitchens and James Sheehan). "Preventing Violent Extremism: Lessons from the Government’s revised ‘Prevent’ Strategy", World Defence Systems (September 2011). "Ties that Bind: How the story of Muslim soldiers can forge a national identity", Policy Exchange (September 2011). "Choosing our friends wisely: criteria for engagement with Muslim groups", Policy Exchange (April 2009; co-authored with Martyn Frampton)
Mapping contemporary Salafi-Jihadism, Fathom, Summer 2016

References

Alumni of the University of Leeds
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Critics of Islamism
British journalists
British writers
British writers of Pakistani descent
Former members of Hizb ut-Tahrir
1981 births
Living


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<mask> (née Devenish; born February 4, 1972) is an American television host and author. She is known for her work as the anchor of the MSNBC news and politics program Deadline: White House and a former co-host of the ABC daytime talk show The View. As a political analyst for MSNBC and NBC News, she is a frequent on-air contributor to the programs Today, The 11th Hour with Brian Williams, and Morning Joe. In her former political career, <mask> served as the White House Communications Director during the presidency of George W. Bush and in his 2004 re-election campaign. <mask> also served as a senior advisor for John McCain's 2008 presidential campaign. In addition, she is the author of the contemporary political novels Eighteen Acres, It's Classified, and Madam President. Early life
<mask> was born on February 4, 1972, in Orange County in southern California.The eldest of four siblings, she grew up in the Bay Area suburb of Orinda in Northern California. Her mother was a third-grade teacher's assistant in public schools, and her father was an antiques dealer. Her grandfather, Thomas Devenish, was a Manhattan antiques dealer, part of "Devenish and Company". He was born in England to vaudevillian parents and immigrated to the United States with his family in 1947. <mask> is also of Greek descent. A 1990 graduate of Miramonte High School, <mask> received a Bachelor of Arts in mass communications from the University of California, Berkeley in 1994, and a master's degree from Northwestern University's Medill School of Journalism in 1996. Political career
Briefly an on-air reporter in California, <mask> started her political career working in California state politics.In 1999, she moved to Florida to serve as Governor Jeb Bush's press secretary and then became the Communications Director for the Florida State Technology Office in 2000. <mask> worked on the 2000 Florida election recount. White House and Bush 2004 presidential campaign
<mask> joined the White House staff during George W. Bush's first term, serving as

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 special assistant to the President and director of media affairs at the White House, where she oversaw regional press strategy and outreach. In 2003, <mask> joined Bush's 2004 presidential campaign as its communications director, wherein according to The New York Times she "delivered her political attacks without snarling." On January 5, 2005, Bush named <mask> White House Communications Director. The New York Times story announcing her presidential appointment carried the headline: "New Aide Aims to Defrost the Press Room" and described <mask>'s intentions "to improve the contentious relationship between a secretive White House and the press." According to The Washington Post, <mask> served as "a voice for more openness with reporters", and former colleagues describe <mask> as having been "very persuasive in the halls of the West Wing."She left the White House in July 2006 to relocate to New York City, where her husband Mark was representing the Bush Administration at the United Nations. Her White House colleague, presidential political advisor Mark McKinnon, called her a "rare talent in politics." McCain 2008 presidential campaign
<mask> also served as a senior advisor for the John McCain 2008 presidential campaign. She appeared frequently on network and cable news programs as the campaign's top spokesperson and defender. In late October 2008, campaign aides criticized vice-presidential candidate Sarah Palin. One unnamed McCain aide said Palin had "gone rogue," placing her own future political interests ahead of the McCain/Palin ticket, directly contradicting her running mate's positions, and disobeying directions from campaign managers. In response to reports of dissension within the McCain-Palin campaign, <mask> issued a statement to both Politico and CNN saying: "If people want to throw me under the bus, my personal belief is that the most honorable thing to do is to lie there."<mask> was portrayed by Sarah Paulson in the 2012 film Game Change. <mask> described the film as highly credible, saying the

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 film "captured the spirit and emotion of the campaign." <mask> also told ABC News Chief Political Correspondent George Stephanopoulos that the film was "true enough to make me squirm." Eight years after the election, <mask> stated that she did not vote for a presidential candidate in 2008 because Sarah Palin gave her pause. Other work

White House novel series
She is the author of the 2010 novel Eighteen Acres (a reference to the 18 acres on which the White House complex sits), a fictional narrative about three powerful women at the top of their careers: the first female U.S. President, her chief of staff, and a White House correspondent. <mask> said, "It's my best attempt at a story that I hope people will pick up and read and enjoy and maybe feel like they're getting to see what it's really like in the White House in this entirely fictional story." Patrick Anderson of The Washington Post wrote, "To say that <mask> <mask>'s 'Eighteen Acres' is one of the best novels I've read about life in the White House may be faint praise—there haven't been many good ones—but her book is both an enjoyable read and a serious look at what high-level political pressures do to people."Craig Wilson of USA Today wrote, "<mask> <mask> actually knows what she's talking about" and Ashley Parker of The New York Times called the book "an engaging, easy read." TV personalities such as George Stephanopoulos, Rachel Maddow, John King, and Andrea Mitchell also praised Eighteen Acres. In September 2011, <mask> published the sequel to Eighteen Acres, It's Classified, about a fictional presidential campaign troubled by a mentally ill vice presidential candidate. <mask> said the premise was inspired by her experience as a senior adviser to the McCain/Palin campaign. Her third novel, Madam President, was released in April 2015. Television

On September 3, 2014, ABC announced <mask> would join The View as a new co-host alongside newcomer Rosie Perez. <mask> made her debut as a co-host on the premiere of the series' 18th season on September

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 15, 2014.<mask> exited the series at the end of the season. Following her departure from The View, <mask> joined NBC News and its cable network MSNBC as a political analyst. She is also a frequent contributor and guest host on MSNBC programs The 11th Hour with Brian Williams and Morning Joe as well as on NBC's Today Show. In November 2016, <mask> served as an analyst for MSNBC's live coverage of election results, which was anchored by Brian Williams, Rachel Maddow, and Chris Matthews. Since May 9, 2017, <mask> has been the anchor of the afternoon news and opinion program Deadline: White House on MSNBC. Deadline: White House garnered a total of 2 million viewers in July 2020, and in the following month, it was expanded to two hours. Personal life
<mask> married American businessman, former diplomat, and lawyer <mask> in 2005.In 2012, the couple had their first and only child, a son. In February 2013, both <mask> and her husband publicly supported the legalization of same-sex marriage in an amicus curiae brief submitted to the U.S. Supreme Court. She and Mark divorced in 2019. <mask> described herself as a "self-loathing former Republican" in March 2021. Published works

References

Further reading

External links

|-

1972 births
21st-century American journalists
21st-century American novelists
21st-century American women writers
American civil servants
American people of English descent
American political consultants
American political commentators
American political writers
American television talk show hosts
American women non-fiction writers
American women novelists
American writers of Greek descent
California Republicans
Florida Republicans
George W. Bush administration personnel
John McCain 2008 presidential campaign
Living people
Medill School of Journalism alumni
Miramonte High School alumni
MSNBC people
New York (state) Republicans
People from Orinda, California
People from Orange County, California
University of California, Berkeley alumni
White House Communications Directors
Writers from

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<mask> (born 21 February 1986) is an Ireland men's field hockey international. He was a member of the Ireland team that won the bronze medal at the 2015 Men's EuroHockey Nations Championship. He also represented Ireland at the 2016 Summer Olympics. At club level, he has played for both Loughborough Students and Reading in the Euro Hockey League. He also won the EHA Cup with Reading in 2014–15. Early years, family and education
<mask>'s father, <mask>, has been involved in hockey since the 1970s as a player, coach, manager, administrator and supporter. He played for Collegians, Parkview and Mossley.Between 2003 and 2018 he served as the Ireland men's national field hockey team manager. <mask>'s mother also acted as the team doctor at the 2014–15 Men's FIH Hockey World League Semifinals. Between 1997 and 2003 <mask> attended Ballyclare High School. Between 2003 and 2004 he attended the Royal Belfast Academical Institution. <mask> subsequently attended Loughborough University were he completed a degree in Ergonomics. In 2013 <mask> married Dr. Rachel Arnold, a fellow graduate of Loughborough University. She works as a sports psychologist in the Department for Health at the University of Bath.She is also field hockey player and has played for Team Bath Buccaneers, Loughborough Students and Clifton. Domestic teams

Mossley
<mask> began playing field hockey as a four-year old at Mossley
 He continued playing for Mossley until he left for Loughborough University in 2004. He returned to Mossley during the 2010–11 season while

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John Jackson
Jackson
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 working for Sport Northern Ireland. In December 2017 he returned to Mossley and helped them reach the final of the Kirk Cup. RBAI
In 2003–04, together with Paul Gleghorne and Michael Watt, <mask> was a member of the Royal Belfast Academical Institution team that won the McCullough Cup, the Burney Cup and the All Ireland Schoolboys Hockey Championship. Loughborough Students
Between 2004 and 2010 <mask> played for Loughborough Students. <mask> captained Loughborough Students and was named player of the year in 2005–06 and 2009–10.Together with Paul Gleghorne, he also played for Loughborough in the 2007–08 Euro Hockey League. Braxgata
Between 2011 and 2013 <mask> played as a professional for Braxgata in the Men's Belgian Hockey League. Reading
Between 2013 and 2016 <mask> played for Reading in the Men's England Hockey League. Together with Chris Cargo, he also played for Reading in the 2013–14 Euro Hockey League. In 2014–15, <mask> helped Reading win the EHA Cup. Team Bath Buccaneers
In 2016 <mask> began playing for Team Bath Buccaneers in the Men's England Hockey League. Ireland international
<mask> made his senior debut for Ireland in June 2006 against England.He was a member of the Ireland teams that won the 2009 Men's EuroHockey Nations Trophy and the 2011 Men's Hockey Champions Challenge II. <mask> also helped Ireland win Men's FIH Hockey World League tournaments in 2012 and 2015. <mask> captained Ireland at the 2013 Men's EuroHockey Nations Championship and he scored the equaliser in a 3–3 draw against the Czech Republic.

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 This draw secured Ireland's place in the top level of EuroHockey Nations Championship. He has since captained Ireland over forty times. He was also a member of the Ireland team that won the bronze medal at the 2015 Men's EuroHockey Nations Championship. He also represented Ireland at the 2016 Summer Olympics.In June 2017 <mask> was a member of the Ireland team that won the Hamburg Masters, defeating Germany 4–2 in the final. In July 2019, during a two-match series against Scotland, <mask> became the third Ireland men's international, after Eugene Magee and Ronan Gormley, to make 250 senior appearances. Coaching and teaching
Throughout his field hockey playing career, <mask> has also worked as coach. Between 2004 and 2010, while attending Loughborough University he coached several university teams. During this time he also coached at Ratcliffe College. Between April 2010 and September 2011, <mask> worked for Sport Northern Ireland as an 'active communities' coach, coaching elderly, disabled and youth groups. Between 2011 and 2013, while playing for Braxgata, he served as an assistant coach of the women's first eleven and as head coach of the under-16 girls team that won a 2012–13 national championship.In September 2013 he was appointed senior hockey coach at Marlborough College, and began coaching youth teams at Marlborough Hockey Club. In 2016 he was appointed head of hockey at Prior Park College, Bath, where he also teaches academic Physical education. He also began coaching the University of Bath Hockey Club women's first

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<mask> ( ; born March 16, 1976) is an American financier and politician who served as the 72nd Illinois Treasurer from 2007 to 2011. A Democrat, <mask> defeated Republican candidate State Senator Christine Radogno in November 2006 with 54 percent of the vote, becoming the first Democrat to hold the office in 12 years, at the age of 30. <mask> was a candidate in the 2010 elections for the seat in the United States Senate held by Roland Burris. Burris, who was appointed by Governor Rod Blagojevich to fill the seat vacated by Barack Obama following Obama's election as President of the United States, chose not to seek election. <mask> won the Democratic primary in February 2010, and narrowly lost the general election in November 2010 to Republican Mark Kirk. Subsequently, <mask> had mostly stepped back from public life, currently serving as Senior Director of BNY Mellon Wealth Management. On June 26, 2018, he was confirmed to the Chicago Public Library Board, marking his first return to public service since leaving the Treasurer's office.<mask> is currently a candidate for Illinois secretary of state in the 2022 election. Background
<mask> was born in Chicago, to Greek immigrants. His mother, Anna, is from Chania, and his late father, <mask>, was from Kalavryta. He has two older brothers, Demetris and George. <mask> attended The Latin School of Chicago and then the University of Chicago before transferring to Boston University. <mask> graduated cum laude with a bachelor's degree in economics. He then moved to Greece to play basketball with Panionios B.C.for a year (1998–99). <mask> had played basketball at The Latin School of Chicago, and played Division III basketball at the University of Chicago. He then played Division I basketball at Boston University. After returning from Greece, <mask> attended Tulane University Law School. Upon earning his J.D. degree, <mask> returned to Chicago to help manage Broadway Bank, a community bank in Chicago's Edgewater neighborhood that was founded by his father in 1979. <mask> served

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Alexander Giannoulias
Giannoulias
Giannoulias
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Giannoulias
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 on the board of directors of the Community Banker's Association of Illinois Legislative Committee, the South Side/Wabash YMCA, and the Edgewater Chamber of Commerce.<mask> also founded and chaired the AG Foundation, a not-for-profit charity that donated money to treat child-related illnesses, curb poverty and assist disaster relief organizations. 2006 campaign for Illinois State Treasurer

Although the state Democratic Party led by House Speaker Mike Madigan backed his opponent, Paul Mangieri, in the primary, <mask> was endorsed by U.S. Representatives Jan Schakowsky and Jesse Jackson, Jr. and by then-Senator Barack Obama. The Chicago Sun-Times news group also endorsed Giannoulias in the general election, arguing that he would "bring valuable private enterprise experience from banking to the job" and praising his "creative" policy proposals like a securities lending program, improving Bright Start, and promoting green energy. Running on a campaign platform that emphasized comprehensive ethics reform for the Treasurer's office, <mask> won the March 2006 primary and went on to defeat Republican candidate Christine Radogno in the general election. Actions in office

Ethics reform
On his first day as State Treasurer, Giannoulias "signed an executive order to enact the most comprehensive, widest-ranging ethics package of any elected official in the state", according to his official state website. "The order prohibits [the Treasurer] from accepting contributions from banks, Treasurer's Office employees and contractors who do business with the office."He also moved to foreclose on two debt-ridden hotels built in the 1980s by politically connected insiders in Springfield and Collinsville. Hartmarx
In 2009, <mask> worked to encourage Wells Fargo to cooperate in the sale of Chicago-based clothing manufacturer Hartmarx Corp., which was at risk of liquidation and had filed for Chapter 11 protection. The success of this sale with <mask>' support saved over 600 jobs at an Illinois Hartmarx factory that otherwise would have been

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 closed. Wells Fargo, a primary lender for Hartmarx, is also "the money custodian for the treasurer's office, holding its cash and other financial assets." <mask> publicly challenged Wells Fargo's obstruction of the sale, stating that "[Wells Fargo's] intention to liquidate Hartmarx rather than allow a sale to buyers intent on keeping the company running will significantly jeopardize the business relationship between Wells Fargo and the state of Illinois." <mask> cited the fact Wells Fargo received over $25 billion in federal TARP bailout funds as further reason why the bank should have supported the sale of Hartmarx instead of pursuing the company's liquidation. In a public statement, <mask> said, "We expect companies that get state and federal taxpayer money to invest it in American jobs and American workers, not destroy companies that still have a chance to succeed."Green Rewards
<mask> launched the "Green Rewards" program, which gives a $1,000 rebate to Illinois residents who purchase a new hybrid or other fuel-efficient vehicle. Purchase of Israel Bonds
In January 2009, the state of Illinois purchased $10 million worth of Israel Bonds. <mask> said: "This is a good way to safely diversify our portfolio, especially during a time when some of our other investment options aren't generating as much revenue because of the market fluctuations here in the United States." According to Giannoulias, the Israel Bonds will mature in three years with a 2.43% rate of return, compared to U.S. government bonds yielding a 1.51% return during the same period. Scholarship programs
In addition to revamping the Bright Start savings program, Giannoulias created several new scholarship programs for Illinois college students. The Fallen Heroes Scholarship Program, which Giannoulias designed in a partnership with the Illinois Department of Veterans Affairs, awards an initial investment of $2,500 in college savings to children who have lost a parent in military service since 2001. In 2008, Giannoulias announced the creation of the Bright


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 Start Scholarship Program, which will award $3.5 million in need-based scholarships over 7 years, until 2015.More than 250 students received scholarships in 2008, the first year of the program. The scholarships were designed by <mask> as a public–private partnership, with the funding for the scholarships donated by a private firm at no cost to the state or taxpayers. Giannoulias also developed the Cultivate Illinois Excellence in Agriculture scholarship in 2008. This program awards ten $2,000 scholarships each year to students pursuing degrees in agriculture-related fields. Bright Start

As Illinois Treasurer, <mask> is responsible for overseeing the Illinois' Bright Start college saving program. Bright Start provides parents with the opportunity to invest in a tax-free account to save for their children's college education. Enrollees are eligible for several state tax benefits and can invest in various stock and bond options.Before <mask> took office, SavingForCollege.com ranked Bright Start 47th out of 48 in the nation. <mask> helped reform the program, and Bright Start went from being one of the worst programs in the country to one of the best. Morningstar called the transformation "a Cinderella story." In 2008, one of the twenty-one funds in Bright Start, Core Plus, began experiencing excessive losses and eventually lost 38% of its value. In the same year, the overall Bright Start program's benchmark grew by 5.4%. Within the Illinois Bright Start program, 2.5% of investors had invested their entire portfolios in Core Plus and suffered a 38% loss; others experienced smaller losses. As the Associated Press reported, "It turns out the Oppenheimer team handling Core Plus — a team the company has now fired — was putting money into risky, complicated investments that tanked in 2008 amid the general financial meltdown."In 2009, Oregon,  Nebraska,  New Mexico, Texas, Maine and Illinois all investigated OppenheimerFunds' handling of their college savings programs for impermissible investments and misconduct. Oppenheimer

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texts: was selected to lead the program by <mask>' predecessor, former Illinois Treasurer Judy Baar Topinka, in December 2006, a month before <mask> took office. After the credit markets collapsed in the fall, new contributions into the fund were halted on December 4, 2008. In January 2009, the treasurer's office announced that no further contributions would be made to the Core Plus fund and that the state would be investigating the losses. According to the Associated Press, Illinois was the first state to take action. In January 2009, at the request of <mask>, the Illinois Attorney General initiated its own probe of OppenheimerFunds, issuing subpoenas on the company. At the time, the losses attributable to OppenheimerFunds' impermissible investments were estimated to be "in excess of $85 million."Despite the problem associated with OppenheimerFunds' handling of Core Plus, Bright Start remains a highly regarded 529 college savings program. In April 2009, Consumer Reports studied college savings programs across the country "to see how well they performed during last year's stock-market plunge." Consumer Reports "found five that are worthy of an A," and ranked Bright Start as one of the top five college savings programs in the nation. In April 2009, Money Magazine selected Bright Start as one of the "best low-risk 529 plans." In December 2009, Kiplingers selected Bright Start as one of the best state 529 plans in the country, choosing it as the best plan for "low fees." Morningstar, Inc., which had previously ranked Bright Start in its top 5 in 2008, has acknowledged the issues relating to Core Plus but, citing Illinois' swift action in dealing with the issue, reported in 2009 that "the plan still holds plenty of appeal." In December 2009, the Illinois Attorney General's Office and the Office of the State Treasurer announced that Illinois had reached a settlement with OppenheimerFunds.Eligible accountholders who lost money in Core Plus would receive $77 million from OppenheimerFunds. As the scope of the settlement was

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 expanded during negotiations with OppenheimerFunds to include more accountholders, the total loss addressed by the settlement is $150 million. The payout from this settlement brings the losses for the 2.5% of Bright Start investors who were fully invested in Core Plus down to 17%. The Treasurer's Office used some of the investment fees from the Bright Start program to purchase a hybrid vehicle "so Bright Start staff have a way to travel the state and sign families up for the program" and used to promote other Treasurer's Office programs. The vehicle was never used for personal use by Giannoulias. Other efforts as Treasurer
<mask> started a pilot program in 2007 to sell the abandoned contents of safe deposit boxes on eBay, scrapping the state's annual live auctions. Broadway Bank

From 2002 to 2006, <mask> worked as a senior loan officer and vice president at Broadway Bank, a community bank founded by his father.When he left the bank in 2006, it was one of the most profitable banks in Illinois. Four years later, on January 26, 2010, Broadway Bank entered into a consent decree with the FDIC that ordered Broadway to increase its capital. Two dozen small- to medium-sized banks in Illinois and nearly 200 banks nationwide have failed since the October 2008 economic crash. Broadway Bank's struggling financial situation is due to delinquent real estate loans and foreclosed properties. From 2002 to 2006, Broadway's lending in construction and development loans increased sixfold, to $356 million. During <mask>' tenure, Broadway also increased its brokered deposits, which generally command high interest rates. When <mask> left the bank in 2006, brokered deposits made up 80% of all deposits at Broadway.When the housing market crashed in late 2008, commercial real estate loan performance deteriorated and Broadway Bank, which had focused its lending in real estate, suffered. Nine percent of the value of the bad loans originated while <mask> was chief loan officer. :1

At the end of business on Friday, , the Illinois Department


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 of Financial and Professional Regulation, Division of Banking, seized Broadway Bank and appointed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) as receiver. The FDIC in turn named MB Financial Bank as the institution receiving Broadway Bank's deposit accounts. The FDIC announced that it and MB Financial Bank would share $878.4 million in losses, for a cost of $394.3 million to the federal Deposit Insurance Fund. Loans made by Broadway Bank

Broadway Bank made real estate development loans to Tony Rezko, a political fundraiser and real estate developer who was later convicted of fraud and money laundering. Broadway Bank made these loans before Rezko was investigated, indicted, or convicted for any crimes, but not before the criminal conduct took place.Before his conviction, Rezko also received loans from other Chicago banks, including Bank of Chicago, First Bank and Trust of Illinois, GE Capital, Harris Trust and Savings, LaSalle Bank, and Manufacturers Bank. <mask> loans. Rezko defaulted on loans made by Broadway, and, in 2006 Broadway was the first bank to foreclose on one of Rezko's delinquent loans, forcing him to declare bankruptcy. Broadway Bank also refused to cover nine bad checks written by Rezko for a total of $450,000 in early 2008

Giannoulias never accepted campaign contributions from Rezko. Broadway Bank also loaned money for real estate developments to Michael Giorango, who has been convicted for prostitution and bookmaking. <mask> has stated that he was not part of the loan committee that approved the loans to Giorango. 2010 U.S. Senate campaign

<mask> ran against Republican nominee Mark Kirk, Green Party nominee LeAlan Jones, and Libertarian nominee Mike Labno.As a candidate, <mask> pledged to create a "Senate Progressive Caucus", akin to the Congressional Progressive Caucus (CPC) in the House of Representatives. On March 2, 2009, <mask> stated on CNBC that he was forming an exploratory committee in order to assess a potential candidacy for the US Senate in 2010. On July 26, 2009, he officially

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 announced his candidacy for the United States Senate at the Hilton Chicago, the same place then-Senator Barack Obama endorsed <mask> for State Treasurer in 2006. He was introduced to the crowd by Congressman Bill Foster. <mask> was elected the Democratic nominee for US Senate in Illinois in the February 2, 2010, primary, with 39.0% of the vote. David H. Hoffman received 33.8% and Cheryle Jackson received 19.7%. Endorsements
<mask> was endorsed by Planned Parenthood, the Service Employees International Union (SEIU), AFSCME, the AFL-CIO, the League of Conservation Voters, the Human Rights Campaign, the Chicago Sun-Times, and the Sierra Club (Planned Parenthood, the League of Conservation Voters, and the Human Rights Campaign had all supported Congressman Kirk in previous races).On May 28, 2010, the Human Rights Campaign (HRC) endorsed Giannoulias, calling him "a strident supporter of LGBT equality – including supporting marriage equality, repeal of the Defense of Marriage Act, repeal of "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" and supporting an inclusive Employment Non-Discrimination Act." Among his early endorsers were James Houlihan and Manny Flores. U.S. Senator Dick Durbin, the Assistant Majority Leader and second-highest ranking Democrat in the Senate, endorsed <mask> and served as the chairman of the <mask> campaign. President Obama expressed his support of <mask>' Senate bid and joined him on the campaign trail. 2022 Illinois secretary of state campaign
<mask> is a candidate for Illinois secretary of state in the 2022 election. References

External links
 Campaign website
 Alexi for Senate

 Campaign contributions at OpenSecrets.org

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1976 births
American bankers
American politicians of Greek descent
Boston University Terriers men's basketball players
Illinois Democrats
Illinois lawyers
Latin School of Chicago alumni
Living people
Schools of the Sacred Heart alumni
Panionios B.C.players
Politicians from Chicago
State treasurers of Illinois
Tulane University Law School alumni
American men's basketball players
Basketball

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<mask> (; born 25 June 1949) is an Austrian former jurist who served as Chancellor of Austria from June 2019 to January 2020. An Independent, she was the first female Chancellor of Austria. <mask> served as the advocate general of the Procurator's Office – essentially the country's chief public prosecutor – from 1990 to 2002, as well as a member of the executive board of the International Association of Prosecutors from 2001 to 2003. In 2003, <mask> was made a member of the Constitutional Court. Between January 2018 and June 2019, she served as President of the Constitutional Court, the first woman to hold the position. Following the Ibiza affair, President Alexander Van der Bellen named <mask> Chancellor of Austria, after a parliamentary motion of no confidence dismissed the first government of Sebastian Kurz, the first successful motion of no confidence in Austrian modern history. She was the first woman to assume the role and served until the next government led by Kurz was sworn in following the legislative election which took place on 29 September 2019.Early life
<mask> <mask> was born on 25 June 1949 in Vienna during the Allied occupation of Austria. Her father was a civil servant. Her mother, trained as an artist, was a homemaker. She was educated at the Gymnasium Kundmanngasse, from which she graduated in 1967. <mask> originally wanted to study either art or architecture and came close to joining the University of Applied Arts. However, she ultimately chose to study law instead, partly on the advice of her mother and partly because she did not want to be a financial burden on her parents any longer than necessary. <mask> enrolled at the University of Vienna, receiving her doctorate of law in 1971.Judicial career
<mask> served for four years as a candidate judge, before she was officially elevated to the judiciary in 1975. She spent the next two years presiding over trial courts, first the District Court Innere Stadt () and then the District Tribunal Vienna (), a criminal court that has since been dissolved. In the former

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Brigitte Bierlein
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texts: position, she mostly dealt with cases at tenancy law, an area that appears to have bored her greatly. In 1977, <mask> left the bench to join the Vienna Public Prosecutor's Office (). She was responsible for general and political criminal cases as well as for criminal cases pursuant to media law, a type of proceedings customarily handled by dedicated specialists in Austria. In 1986, <mask> was promoted to the Vienna Chief Public Prosecutor's Office (). She was now a distinguished civil servant attached to one of the country's five most senior criminal chambers.In 1987, she spent a few months working in the Department of Criminal Law in the Ministry of Justice, then returned to her position in the prosecution service. In 1990, she was appointed advocate general of the Procurator's Office, the section of the prosecution service attached directly to the Supreme Court. She was the first woman to serve in this position. The same year, <mask> became a member of the board of examiners for judges and prosecutors at the Vienna Higher Regional Court, a position she would hold until 2010. In 1995, <mask> was appointed to the executive board of the Association of Austrian Prosecutors. From 2001 to 2003, she served as the association's president. Also from 2001 to 2003, she held a seat on the executive board of the International Association of Prosecutors.In 2002, the first Schüssel government recommended <mask> for appointment as vice president of the Constitutional Court. The move was not uncontroversial at the time. <mask> had prosecuted crime with great fervor but had not distinguished herself as a legal scholar; she is in fact considered indifferent as a theorist to this day. Opposition politicians such as Josef Cap accused the government of passing over multiple more competent candidates in favor of a partisan hack. Bierlein supporters such as Maria Fekter countered that <mask>'s appointment would be an important step towards gender equality in Austria. According to the well-known Austrian law professor , <mask> owed her career at the

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 Constitutional Court to the Austrian politician Jörg Haider and her life partner, the Austrian judge Ernest Maurer, a close friend of Jörg Haider. Assenting to the cabinet's recommendation, President Thomas Klestil appointed <mask> on 21 November 2002, the appointment to be effective 1 January 2003.Once again, <mask> was the first woman to serve in the role she was being elevated to. In fact, there had been no women at all on the Constitutional Court until 1995. <mask> took over from the president of the court, Gerhart Holzinger, when he retired from the bench effective 31 December 2017. On the initiative of the Freedom Party, the right-of-center first Kurz government moved to turn her interim position into a permanent one. President Alexander Van der Bellen confirmed <mask> as the new president of the Constitutional Court on 23 February 2018. <mask>'s previous role as vice president passed on to Supreme Court justice Christoph Grabenwarter. Wolfgang Brandstetter, who had formerly been vice chancellor and minister of justice on a People's Party ticket, was appointed to fill the vacancy of the Court.<mask> reached the mandatory retirement age of 70 in 2019. Politics
Bierlein has no political affiliation. She is seen as solidly right of centre. During her time as a prosecutor, she was noted for her hardline tough-on-crime stance, although her years on the bench have earned her a reputation for civility and for working well with ideological opponents. Commentators from both sides of the political spectrum note <mask>'s close ties to both People's Party and Freedom Party, as well as the fact that her career owes both its unexpected major breaks to right-of-centre coalition governments. <mask> herself acknowledges both her toughness as a prosecutor and her socially conservative bent in general. In response to doubts about her ability to remain above the fray as a Constitutional Court justice, she claims to be as committed to impartiality as any other professional judge and also points out that she has never actually joined any party.In


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 December 2017 the Austrian Constitutional Court with <mask> as president ruled to introduce same-sex marriage on 1 January 2019. After the first Kurz government lost a parliamentary vote of no-confidence on 27 May 2019 following the Ibiza affair, Alexander Van der Bellen, the president of Austria, named <mask> as Kurz's successor. She became the first female chancellor of Austria and was in office until the next government was formed following the National Council elections on 29 September 2019. <mask>'s appointment was agreed with all political parties in the National Council. She became the second independent to serve as a chancellor after Johannes Schober, who was in office twice between 1921 and 1930, and the first in Austria's post-war history. Personal life
<mask> is unmarried and has no children. Her long-time partner was Ernest Maurer, a retired judge, who died in 2021.<mask> is a supporter of the arts. She owns contemporary paintings, although she does not consider herself a collector. She also attends theatre and opera performances as well as museums. She enjoys skiing and sailing. In June 2020, <mask> was pulled over on suspicion of driving while intoxicated. She was forced to surrender her driver's licence for four weeks and has since issued an apology. Honours
 Austrian honours
  Grand Decoration of Honor in Silver with Sash of the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria
  Grand Decoration of Honor in Gold with Sash of the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria (16 June 2021)

References

External links

 Brigitte BIERLEIN at the Constitutional Court homepage

1949 births
20th-century Austrian women
21st-century Austrian women
21st-century Chancellors of Austria
21st-century Austrian women politicians
Austrian jurists
Austrian prosecutors
Austrian women judges
Constitutional court women judges
Female heads of government
Living people
Politicians from Vienna
Presidents of the Constitutional Court of Austria
University of Vienna alumni
Vice presidents of the Constitutional

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