texts: was considered the favorite to start at right tackle, but he remained in competition with four other players for the two starting roles. The newly constructed right side of the offensive line played poorly in the first preseason game against the New England Patriots, but <mask> showed enough improvement the following week against the Carolina Panthers to be named the starter going into the regular season. In a Sports Illustrated article published before the start of the regular season, NFL scouts sharply criticized <mask>'s play, with one anonymous scout calling him "awful" and another saying "I can't believe he might start." Both head coach Jim Fassel and offensive line coach Jim McNally were critical of <mask>'s play in the season opener, where a missed block led to a forced fumble from quarterback Kerry Collins. Center Chris Bober started in place of <mask> at right tackle the following week.Following a season-ending injury to left guard Rich Seubert, Bober was moved back to center and <mask> returned as the starting right tackle. In his second stint as a starter, <mask>'s performance was praised by coaches and the media, including after a game against the New York Jets which saw NFL sack leader Shaun Ellis held to half a sack. The offensive line's performance was "far from overwhelming" in the second half of the season, but they benefited from more consistency in their lineup as <mask> continued to start at right tackle. The Giants ended their season with a 4–12 record and did not make the playoffs. <mask> started in 11 games at right tackle in 2003. <mask> played as the starter at right tackle in each of the Giants' three minicamps prior to the 2004 preseason, but incoming head coach Tom Coughlin moved right guard David Diehl to the right tackle position before the first preseason game. <mask> was originally

masks: Allen Allen Allen Allen Allen Allen Allen Allen Allen Allen


type: original

texts:
 designated the primary backup at left and right tackle going into the 2004 season, but he was released after the Giants signed Marques Sullivan off waivers.Late career

In the week after being released by the New York Giants, <mask> was signed by the Philadelphia Eagles for the 2004 season. He acted as a backup throughout the season, playing in only four games. The Eagles lost to the New England Patriots 21–24 in Super Bowl XXXIX, where <mask> was among the inactive players. In April 2005, <mask> was signed by the Arizona Cardinals. He participated in training camp and remained on the team through the preseason. <mask> was released in early September before the beginning of the regular season but later returned to the team. The Cardinals placed <mask> on injured reserve in mid-October.<mask> signed with the Kansas City Chiefs for the third time in 2006, but he again didn't make their final roster. <mask> was signed to the developmental roster of the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League in July 2006, and he played six games with them that season. Following his debut game, <mask> was fined $300 due to an incident that involved BC Lions linebacker Carl Kidd punching <mask> twice in the face. In May 2007, <mask> announced his retirement to pursue his music career. Music career

As a freshman in high school, <mask> played the tenor saxophone in the marching band before joining the football team. He also plays the drums and keyboard. He continued to pursue music on the side throughout his football career, maintaining a "mini-studio" in his home even while starting at right tackle for the New York Giants.After being cut by the Kansas City Chiefs for the final time, <mask> contacted Alouettes head coach and general manager Jim Popp about playing for the Alouettes due to the presence of a large music scene

masks: Allen Allen Allen Allen Allen Allen Allen Allen Allen Allen Allen Allen


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 in Montreal. During his year with the Alouettes, <mask> worked on a jazz album titled "Nova's Lounge" with his company Nova 53 Records. The album was released on November 24, 2006 in Canada, with <mask> credited as producer and composer. <mask> retired before the 2007 CFL season to pursue his music career. Post-retirement

Broadcasting

<mask> worked for the NFL Network, Sky Sports NFL, and the Big Ten Network as a game-day analyst in the years following his retirement from football. He also co-hosted the radio broadcast Inside the Trenches with former NFL defensive linemen R-Kal Truluck and Lance Legree. Inside the Trenches aimed to provide the perspective of offensive and defensive linemen while discussing professional football.Ipswich Cardinals

In March 2008, <mask> completed a deal to co-own the Ipswich Cardinals of the BAFA National Leagues in the United Kingdom. <mask> did not invest money into the club to receive an ownership stake, but he became involved in promotion and advertising. Business career

<mask> attended an entrepreneurship program at Northwestern University which prompted him to continue his schooling at the Krannert School of Management at Purdue. He enrolled in an MBA program and graduated in 2012. He later worked for General Motors and Xerox. As of February 2017, <mask> works for Target in Minneapolis. References

1978 births
Living people
American football offensive guards
American football offensive tackles
Canadian football offensive linemen
Kansas City Chiefs players
Atlanta Falcons players
Arizona Cardinals players
Montreal Alouettes players
New York Giants players
Philadelphia Eagles players
Purdue Boilermakers football players
Scottish Claymores players
Players of American football from Atlanta
Players of Canadian football from Atlanta
Players of American football from Newark,

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<mask> (; January 3, 1894 – June 7, 1963) was an American actress who starred in many silent dramas, including Erich von Stroheim's epic 1924 silent film Greed, and comedies, transitioning successfully to mostly comedy films with the advent of sound films. She also appeared on numerous radio shows. Her career as an entertainer spanned nearly 50 years, and she was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960. Early life
<mask> was born in Parsons, Kansas, to Rulandus and Nelly (née Shay) <mask>; she was the third of four children. Her father, who had lost a leg while serving in the 76th New York Infantry in the Civil War, had settled the family in Kansas by the time ZaSu was born. The names of her father's sisters, Eliza and Susan, were purportedly the basis for the name "ZaSu", i.e., to satisfy competing family interests. It has been (incorrectly) spelled as Zazu Pitts in some film credits and news articles.Although the name is commonly mispronounced   or  , or  , in her 1963 book Candy Hits (pg. 15), published the year of her death, the actress gave the correct pronunciation as "Say Zoo" , recounting that Mary Pickford had predicted "many will mispronounce it", and adding, "How right she was." However, when introducing herself on the September 4, 1952 episode of I've Got a Secret, she herself pronounced it as Zay-zoo. In 1903, when Pitts was nine years old, her family moved to Santa Cruz, California, to seek a warmer climate and better job opportunities. Her childhood home at 208 Lincoln Street still stands. She attended Santa Cruz High School, where she participated in school theatricals. Career

Pitts made her stage debut in 1914–15 doing school and local community theater in Santa Cruz.Going to Los Angeles in 1916, at the age of 22, she spent many months seeking work as a film extra. Finally, she was discovered for substantive

masks:
ZaSu Pitts
ZaSu Pitts
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 roles in films by screenwriter Frances Marion, who cast Pitts as an orphaned slavey (child of work) in the silent film A Little Princess (1917), starring Pickford. Pitts's popularity grew following a series of Universal one-reeler comedies, and earned her first feature-length lead in King Vidor's Better Times (1919). The following year she married her first husband, Tom Gallery, with whom she was paired in several films, including Heart of Twenty (1920), Bright Eyes, Patsy (both 1921) and A Daughter of Luxury (1922). Pitts enjoyed her greatest fame in the early 1930s, often starring in B movies and comedy short films, teamed with Thelma Todd. She played secondary parts in many films. Her stock persona (a fretful, flustered, worried spinster) made her instantly recognizable and was often imitated in cartoons and other films.She starred in a number of Hal Roach short films and features, often in partnership with Thelma Todd as two trouble-prone working girls. At Universal she co-starred in a series of feature-length comedies with Slim Summerville. Switching between comedy short films and features, by the advent of sound, she became a specialist in comedy roles. Dramatic potential
<mask> <mask> had hidden talents as a dramatic actress. She was given the greatest tragic role of her career in Erich von Stroheim's -hour epic Greed (1924). The surprise casting initially shocked Hollywood, but showed that Pitts could draw tears with her doleful demeanor, as well as laughs. Having been extensively edited prior to release — the final theatrical cut ran just over two hours — the movie failed initially at the box office, but has since been restored to over four hours and is considered one of the greatest films ever made.Based on her performance, von Stroheim labeled <mask> <mask> "the greatest dramatic actress." He also featured her in his films The

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 Honeymoon (1928), The Wedding March (1928), and Walking Down Broadway. <mask>'s performance in Walking Down Broadway was dramatic, with her character showing a repressed romantic interest in her girlfriend; the studio reshot these scenes with Pitts, now playing the girl's companion for laughs, and von Stroheim's directorial credit was removed from the film. The film was finally released in 1933, much changed, as Hello, Sister!. <mask> <mask> was so recognizable in comedies that the public didn't take her dramatic efforts seriously. In the classic war drama All Quiet on the Western Front (1930), <mask> was cast as the distraught mother of young soldier Lew Ayres, but at preview screenings her intense performance drew unintentional laughs. Her scenes were refilmed with Beryl Mercer.In 1936 RKO needed a replacement actress for its Hildegarde Withers series of murder mysteries; Edna May Oliver had left the studio and Helen Broderick succeeded Oliver in the role. Pitts was chosen to succeed Broderick. In theory, it was a good idea: Pitts seemed to fit the role of a prim, spinster schoolmistress. However, mystery fans couldn't accept the fluttery Pitts as a brainy sleuth who matched wits with the police, and after her two Withers films the series was abandoned. Radio and stage
Beginning in the 1930s, Pitts found work in radio. She appeared several times in the earliest Fibber McGee and Molly shows, playing a dizzy dame constantly looking for a husband. When Marian Jordan temporarily withdrew from Fibber McGee and Molly due to illness, Pitts made guest appearances opposite Jim Jordan as Fibber.<mask> also guested on variety shows, trading banter with Bing Crosby, Al Jolson, W.C. Fields, and Rudy Vallee, among others. She played Miss Mamie Wayne in the soap opera Big Sister., and was heard as <mask> on The New Lum and Abner Show. In 1944, <mask>

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Pitts
ZaSu
Pitts
Pitts
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 tackled Broadway, making her debut in the mystery Ramshackle Inn. The play, written expressly for her, did well, and she took the show on the road in later years. She was also a familiar attraction in summer-stock theaters, playing annually in the Norma Mitchell play Post Road. Postwar movies and television
Postwar films continued to give her the chance to play comic snoops and flighty relatives in such fare as Life with Father (1947), but in the 1950s, she started focusing on television. This culminated in her best-known series role, playing second banana to Gale Storm in CBS's The Gale Storm Show (1956) (also known as Oh, Susanna), in the role of Elvira Nugent ("Nugie"), the shipboard beautician.In 1961, <mask> was cast opposite Earle Hodgins in the episode "Lonesome's Gal" of the ABC sitcom Guestward, Ho!, set on a dude ranch in New Mexico. In 1962, she appeared in an episode of CBS's Perry Mason, "The Case of the Absent Artist". Her final role was as Gertie, the switchboard operator in the Stanley Kramer comedy epic It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963). Personal life

<mask> was married to actor Thomas Sarsfield Gallery from 1920 until their 1933 divorce. Gallery became a Los Angeles boxing promoter and later a TV executive. The couple had two children:
ZaSu Ann Gallery
Donald Michael "Sonny" Gallery (born Marvin Carville La Marr), whom they adopted and renamed after the 1926 death of Donald's biological mother (and Pitts's friend), actress Barbara La Marr. In 1933, Pitts married John Edward "Eddie" Woodall, with whom she remained until her death.She was a Republican, and became active in the party. Declining health dominated Pitts's later years, particularly after she was diagnosed with cancer in the mid-1950s. She continued to work, appearing on TV and making brief appearances in The Thrill of It All (1963) and It's a Mad, Mad, Mad,

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 Mad World. She died in Hollywood on June 7, 1963, aged 69, and was interred at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City. Pitts wrote a book of candy recipes, Candy Hits by <mask> Pitts, which was published posthumously in 1963. Legacy

ZaSu <mask> was inducted to the Hollywood Walk of Fame on February 8, 1960 for her contribution to motion pictures. Her star is on the south side of the 6500 block of Hollywood Boulevard.In 1994, she was honored with her image on a United States postage stamp along with fellow actors Rudolph Valentino, Clara Bow and Charlie Chaplin as part of The Silent Screen Stars stamp set, designed by caricaturist Al Hirschfeld. Her birthplace of Parsons, Kansas, has a star tile at the entrance to the Parsons Theatre to commemorate her. In the film Never Give a Sucker an Even Break (1941), W.C. Fields asks his niece, played by Gloria Jean, "Don't you want to go to school? You want to grow up and be dumb like ZaSu Pitts?" Gloria Jean replied "She only acts like that in pictures. I like her." Actress Mae Questel, who performed character voices in Max Fleischer's Popeye and Betty Boop cartoons, reportedly based the fluttering utterances of Olive Oyl on Pitts.Filmography

Television credits

See also
 Pitts and Todd

Notes

References

Sources

External links

 Photographs and literature

1894 births
1963 deaths
20th-century American actresses
Actresses from Kansas
Actresses from Santa Cruz, California
American film actresses
American silent film actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
American voice actresses
Burials at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City
California Republicans
Deaths from cancer in California
Hal Roach Studios actors
Kansas Republicans
People from Parsons, Kansas
Universal Pictures contract players
Vaudeville performers
Writers from California
Writers from Kansas
Santa Cruz High School

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Sir (Laurence<mask>, CBE, DSc, D. Litt, LLD, Ekon D, DSc Nat ( – ), was professor of geography at Rangoon and London, and one of the internationally best known British geographers of the 20th century. Educated at King's College London, he specialised in the study of geology and geography and taught at the universities of Rangoon (1923–26) and London (1926–45). From 1936 to 1944 he directed the compilation and publication of the report of the Land Utilisation Survey of Britain. He worked on many official enquiries into the use of land and planning. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Catford, London, in 1898, the seventh child of a shopkeeper; his elder brother Josiah became the banker <mask> of Shortlands. He attended University School, Rochester (1910–13), where he joined the Rochester and District Natural History Society. He then studied for a BSc at King's College London, graduating with first-class honours in 1917.Following military service he returned to King's as a demonstrator. His friendship with a student, his future wife Elsa Rea, led to an interest in geography. They both sat for the BA in 1921, <mask> again taking a first. He was awarded a DSc in the same year. World War I
<mask> served in the British Army during World War I in France and Belgium from 1917 to 1919. Whilst away his research paper on the Silurian of Clun Forest was read on his behalf to the Geological Society of London. Professional and academic career
<mask> spent the early 1920s as a petroleum geologist in the then

masks:
) Dudley Stamp
Stamp
Lord Stamp
Stamp
Stamp
Stamp


texts: British Empire colony of Burma, marrying and becoming professor of geology and geography in the new University of Rangoon in 1923.In 1926 he returned to the UK, becoming Reader in Economic geography at the London School of Economics (LSE). In the 1930s <mask> formed the Land Utilisation Survey of Britain, a major project to survey of the whole country using volunteers including colleagues, students, school teachers and pupils, on a scale of 6 inches to a mile. Publication of maps and reports began in 1933 and was completed in 1948, after interruption by World War II. <mask> reported on the reaction of a farmer who came across a school class doing land-use survey on his land. Angry at first, the farmer was pacified by the explanation of the schoolmaster, and then later wrote approvingly to his local newspaper that this approach was valuable both to the pupils and the community. <mask> went on to act as a consultant to many national governments and prepared a general scheme for a world land use survey which was adopted by the International Geographical Union. <mask> became professor of Economic geography in 1945 and moved to the chair of Social geography in 1948.Whilst at LSE <mask> held senior posts at many organisations, including presidency of section E of the British Association (1949), the Geographical Association (1950), the International Geographical Union (1952–56) and the Institute of British Geographers (1956), and vice-presidency of the Royal Society of Arts (1954–56). He also acted as a

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 government advisor – as vice-chairman of the Scott committee on land utilisation in rural areas (1941–42), as chief adviser on rural land utilisation in the Ministry of Agriculture (1942–55), developed the idea of land classification which was officially adopted for planning purposes and was a member of the Royal Commission on Common Land (1955–58). He retired in 1958. Retirement
Besides DIY work at home in Bude, Cornwall, <mask> acted as a director of the family grocery firm Cave Austin and Company Ltd and was president of the Institute of Grocers (1960–63). His work as a geographer and government advisor however was far from over. He was a member of the Nature Conservancy from 1958, chairman of the British National Committee for Geography (1961–66) and president of the Royal Geographical Society (1963–66). <mask>'s wife Elsa died in 1962.In 1964 he chaired the organising committee of the Twentieth International Geographical Union Congress in London; a keen philatelist, he successfully argued for a set of commemorative stamps. In 1965 he chaired the National Resources Advisory Committee of the Ministry of Land and Natural Resources. <mask> died of heart failure in 1966 at a conference in Mexico City; he is reputed to have just completed a quest to visit every country in the world. He was buried in Bude. Legacy
Much of the development of government policy for land-use control in Britain may be traced back to <mask>'s land utilisation survey and analysis of land-use changes. Second Land-use survey
A second

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 land utilisation survey was initiated by Alice Coleman (later professor of geography at Stamp's alma mater King's College London) in 1960, following Stamp's approach of the use of volunteers. Although around 3000 volunteers completed much of the field work, only a limited amount was published at 1:25,000 due to printing problems.Land-Use UK
In 1996 the Geographical Association organized a further survey with the participation of around 50,000 school pupils. Dudley Stamp Memorial Fund
The Royal Geographical Society's Dudley Stamp Memorial Fund provides small grants for geographers to assist them in postgraduate research or study travel likely to lead to the advancement of geography and to international co-operation in the study of the subject. Stamp Papers
The Stamp Papers, held at the department of geography, University of Sussex, contain much information on his organisation of the Land Use Survey, together with personal and professional papers which illustrate his life and career. Selected published works
 <mask>, L.D. (1919), The highest Silurian rocks of the Clun-Forest District (Shropshire). Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society LXXIV-3 (295); pp. 221–246.<mask>, L.D. (1925), The Vegetation of Burma from an Ecological Standpoint. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink & Co. Stamp, L.D. (1927), Wandlungen in Welthandelsverkehr: Atlantischer oder Stiller Ozean? (Changes in World Trade Flows: Atlantic or Pacific Ocean? ), Zeitschrift für Geopolitik, 4 (12), 1927, pp.64–66. (in German, English translation by Rolf

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texts:
 Meyer to be published 2009). <mask>, L.D. (1929), The World: a general geography, London: Longmans, Green & Co. Stamp, L.D. (1930? to 1932) The New Age Geographies Junior Series (with his wife Elsa C<mask>) and the New Age Geographies Senior Series for schools
 <mask>, L.D.(ed) (1933), Slovene Studies: Being Studies Carried Out by Members of the Le Play Society in the Alpine Valleys of Slovenia (Yugoslavia). <mask>, L.D. (ed) (1937), The Land of Britain. The Report of the Land Utilisation Survey of Britain. <mask>, L.D. (1940), The Southern Margin of the Sahara: Comments on Some Recent Studies on the Question of Desiccation in West Africa, Geographical Review, Vol. 30, No.2, pp. 297–300. <mask>, L.D. (1946), Britain's Structure And Scenery, New Naturalist Series, London: Collins. Stamp, L.D. (1946), Physical Geography and Geology, London: Longmans Green and Co. Stamp, L.D.(1948), The Land of Britain: Its Use and Misuse. London: Longmans, Green and Co. Stamp, L.D. & Kimble G.H.T. (1949), An Introduction to Economic Geography, Toronto, New York and London: Longmans, Green and Co. Stamp, L.D. & Wooldridge S.W., eds (1951) London Essays in Geography.London: (Longmans, Green & Co., for London School of Economics). <mask>, L.D. (1952), Land for Tomorrow: the Underdeveloped World, Bloomington: Indiana University Press
 Stamp, L.D. (1955), Man and the Land, New Naturalist Series, London: Collins. <mask>, L.D. (1957), India, Pakistan, Ceylon and Burma, London: Metheun & Co. Ltd. <mask>, L.D.(1959), A Regional

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Stamp
. Stamp
Stamp
Stamp
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 Geography, Part I: The Americas. (9th ed 1959), Longman. <mask>, L.D. (1960), Applied Geography. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin. <mask>, Sir L.D. (1961), A Glossary of Geographical Terms, London: Longmans,
 <mask>, L.D.(ed) (1961), A History of Land Use in Arid Regions, UNESCO Arid Zone Research Publication XVII, Paris: UNESCO. <mask>, Sir L.D. (1962), The Land of Britain: Its use and misuse. 3rd enlarged ed. <mask>, L.D. (1962), Britain's Structure And Scenery, Fontana
 Hoskins, W.G. & <mask>, L.D., (1963), The Common Lands of England and Wales, New Naturalist Series, London: Collins.<mask>, L.D. (1969), Nature Conservation in Britain, New Naturalist Series, London: Collins. <mask>, Sir L.D. (1969), Our Developing World, London: Faber and Faber, . Awards
<mask> was appointed CBE in 1946 and knighted in 1965. He received the Daniel Pidgeon award of the Geological Society (1920) and the gold medal of the Mining and Geological Institute of India (1922). Later he received the Founder's Medal of the Royal Geographical Society (1949), the American Geographical Society's Charles P. Daly Medal (1950), the Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography's Vega medal (1954), the Tokyo Geographical Society's medal (1957) and the Royal Scottish Geographical Society's Scottish Geographical Medal (1964).The Town Planning Institute elected him to honorary membership in 1944. Honorary degrees included LLD from Edinburgh (1963) and DSc from Exeter (1965). References

1898 births
1966 deaths
Fellows of the Royal

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 Geographical Society
British geographers
Alumni of King's College London
Alumni of University of London Worldwide
Alumni of the University of London
Presidents of the International Geographical Union
Presidents of the Royal Geographical Society
Academics of the London School of Economics
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
New Naturalist writers
University of Yangon faculty
20th-century


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Sir <mask> (c. 1585–buried 28 April 1655) was an English courtier and politician who was one of the signatories of the death warrant of Charles I. Life

<mask> was the third and youngest son of Sir <mask> of Dauntsey, Wiltshire, by Elizabeth Neville. In his youth, he travelled through France and Italy, developing sophisticated tastes in gardening and architecture, which in later life he indulged at his house in Chelsea. In 1597 he entered the University of Padua as a student, prior to returning to England where he carried on his education at Winchester College (entered 1598), Brasenose College, Oxford (entered 1601) and Lincoln's Inn where he was a law student in 1612. <mask> was knighted by James I of England on 3 March 1609; and under Charles I became a gentleman of the privy chamber. He sat as a member of parliament for Arundel in 1610, Montgomery Boroughs in the Addled Parliament of 1614, Oxford University in 1621, Newport (Isle of Wight) in 1624 and again for Oxford University from 1625 to 1629. <mask> was engaged in mercantile transactions, and in 1624 he learned that the government were contemplating a seizure of the papers of the Virginia Company.With the aid of Edward Collingwood, the secretary, he had the whole of the records copied out and entrusted them to the care of Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton, a family friend, who deposited them at his house at Titchfield, Hampshire. <mask> fell into debt, and from 1630 to 1640 was apparently struggling with creditors. About 1640 he began an active political career in opposition to the king. He refused to

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John Danvers
Danvers
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 contribute to the expenses of the king's expedition to Scotland in 1639, and was returned to the Short parliament of 1640 by Oxford University. In 1642 he took up arms for the parliament, and was granted a colonel's commission which he held in command of the Wiltshire foot militia until 1650, but he did not play a prominent part in military affairs. He gives an account of the opening incidents of the war in letters written to friends from Chelsea in July and August 1642. <mask> was ordered by the parliament to receive the Dutch ambassadors late in 1644, and on 10 October 1645 was returned to the house as member for Malmesbury in the place of Anthony Hungerford, disabled to sit.He took little part in the proceedings of the house, but was appointed a member of the commission nominated to try the king in January 1649. He was only twice absent from the meetings of the commission, and signed the death-warrant. In February of the same year <mask> was given a seat on the council of state, which he retained till the council's dissolution in 1653. He died at his house at Chelsea in April 1655, and was buried at Dauntsey. His name was in the Act of Attainder passed at the Restoration. Gardener
At a young age <mask> acquired a fine garden and house at Chelsea: the latter he furnished sumptuously and curiously, and the former he laid out after the Italian manner. ' 'Twas Sir <mask> of Chelsey,' <mask> writes, 'who first taught us the way of Italian gardens.'His house, called Danvers House, adjoined the mansion, once the home of Sir Thomas More, which was known in the seventeenth

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Danvers
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 century as Buckingham and also as Beaufort House. Danvers House was pulled down in 1696 to make room for Danvers Street, therefore named after him. Through his second marriage he came into possession of the estate of Lavington, Wiltshire, where he elaborately laid out gardens. Marriages and family

In about March 1609 he married Magdalen Herbert (née Newport), widow of Richard Herbert, and mother of ten children, including George Herbert the poet, and Edward, Lord Herbert of Cherbury. She died in 1627. On 10 July 1628, a year after the death of his first wife, <mask>, then reportedly aged 40, married Elizabeth, daughter of the late Ambrose Dauntsey, and granddaughter of Sir <mask>. His second wife died on 9 July 1636.His children by his second wife consisted of Henry (b. 5 December 1633), who inherited much of his uncle Henry's property, and died before his father in November 1654, when Thomas Fuller is stated to have preached the funeral sermon; Charles, who died in infancy; Elizabeth (b. 1 May 1629), who married <mask>, self-styled Viscount Purbeck; and Mary, who died in infancy. <mask> married a third time at Chelsea, on 6 January 1649, his wife being Grace Hewes, daughter of Thomas Hewes of Kemerton, Gloucestershire, and he had by her a son, <mask> (b. 10 August 1650). Grace survived her husband and died in 1678. <mask>' elder brothers were <mask> and <mask>.His brother Henry, who became Lord Danby, was a royalist, and died early in 1644; he left his property to his sister Lady Catherine Gargrave, wife of Sir Richard Gargrave, High Sheriff of Yorkshire. Still in

masks:
Danvers
John Dauntsey
Robert Danvers
Danvers
John
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Charles Danvers
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 pecuniary difficulties, <mask> resisted this disposition of his brother's property, and his influence with the parliamentary majority led the House of Commons to pass a resolution declaring that he had been deprived of his brother's estate 'for his affection and adhering to the parliament' (14 June 1644), and that <mask>'s eldest son Henry was entitled to the property. The son Henry bequeathed the estate in his power to his sister Ann, who married Sir Henry Lee 3rd Baronet of the Lee Baronets of Ditchley in 1655, and had a daughter, Eleanor, who became the wife of James Bertie, 1st Earl of Abingdon. Lord Abingdon thus ultimately came into possession of the property at Chelsea. Notes

References
Attribution

Further reading
Concise Dictionary of National Biography (1930)
David Plant, Sir <mask>,  Regicide, 1588–1655, the British Civil Wars and Commonwealth website

1588 births
1655 deaths
Members of the pre-1707 Parliament of England for the University of Oxford
Regicides of Charles I
<mask> from Wiltshire
English knights
English MPs 1614
English MPs 1621–1622
English MPs 1624–1625
English MPs 1625
English MPs 1626
English MPs 1628–1629
Members of Parliament for the Isle of

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John People


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Baron , also known as <mask>ō, was a Japanese politician of the Meiji period who served as the eighth governor of Okinawa Prefecture from 1892 to 1908, and in a number of other posts over the course of his career. A samurai of Satsuma Domain prior to the Meiji Restoration, he played a role in opposing radical elements among his fellows, though he may also have been responsible for the killing of the Englishman Richardson in the 1862 Namamugi Incident, which led to the bombardment of Kagoshima and proved damaging to the Tokugawa shogunate. Early life
Narahara was born into a samurai family of Satsuma Domain (modern-day Kagoshima Prefecture). Career
When, in 1862, Lord of Satsuma Shimazu Hisamitsu learned that radical elements among the Satsuma samurai were meeting at the Teradaya Inn in Kyoto and plotting against the shogunate, Narahara was among a number of samurai dispatched to put an end to the plots, suppress the radical movement, and bring the rebel samurai home. The ensuing skirmish, in which a number were killed, has come to be known as the Teradaya Incident. Another major incident involving samurai of Satsuma occurred several months later, at Namamugi, near Yokohama. In the so-called Namamugi Incident, an Englishman named Richardson was killed, and two men accompanying him seriously wounded, when they failed to dismount and step aside for a group of Satsuma samurai coming the other way down the road.Historian George Kerr claims it was Narahara who killed Richardson. However, other sources indicate that the Narahara Kizaemon often named as having been involved in this incident was in fact Shigeru's brother and not Shigeru himself. Following the 1868 Meiji Restoration, the shogunate fell, the system of han (feudal


texts: domains) was abolished along with the samurai class, and a new "modern" government was established, heavily influenced by Western systems. Narahara, like many former samurai officials, became a politician in this new system, as the administration of Satsuma Domain was reorganized into that of Kagoshima Prefecture. He now filled the role of chief retainer to former daimyō Shimazu Saburō and manager of his affairs. In January 1872, Narahara and another Kagoshima official, Ijichi Sadaka, led a mission to Shuri, the capital of the Okinawan kingdom of Ryūkyū. The previous year, there had been an incident in which an Okinawan fishing boat crashed on Taiwan; there was a struggle between the Okinawan fishermen and a group of Taiwanese aborigines, which ended in the death of most of the Okinawans.This developed into an international incident, calling into question Chinese and Japanese claims to both Taiwan and the Ryukyu Islands and drawing Tokyo's attention to the threat posed to (the rest of) Japan should China or a Western power seize, colonize, or otherwise exert influence over Ryukyu. Meeting with officials at Shuri, Narahara and Ijichi discussed a number of matters including matters of the kingdom's debts and tax obligations to Kagoshima, exploitation of coal deposits recently discovered on the Yaeyama Islands, and the need for the king of Ryukyu to formally pay his respects to the Emperor of Japan, thus symbolically acknowledging his subordination and that of his kingdom to the Empire of Japan. <mask> left the Kagoshima administration for Tokyo and entered the Home Ministry in 1878 and, after serving as governor of Shizuoka Prefecture and in other posts for a time, in 1892 he became governor of Okinawa Prefecture. His


texts: term is marked by the end of the "policy of preserving the old customs" (旧慣温存, kyūkan onzon) in Okinawa, or the "'Do Nothing' Era" as historian George H. Kerr dubs it; up until this point, Tokyo's policies towards Okinawa largely focused on maintaining old customs and administrative forms so as to appease local discontent, encourage pro-Japanese attitudes, and avoid feeding pro-Chinese attitudes. Under <mask>, this era of maintenance of the old ways came to an end, and Westernization and modernization efforts which had already been underway in the rest of Japan for several decades began to be undertaken in Okinawa. These efforts chiefly included land reforms, harbor construction, and the implementation of the national system of public education. Extensive administrative reforms, including the redrawing of districts and reorganization of local assemblies, were undertaken to establish modern administrative methods and systems in Okinawa resembling those now in place in the other Japanese prefectures, and the first steps were taken towards Okinawan representation in the National Diet.The establishment of a Temporary Land Readjustment Bureau in 1898, which aimed to convert roughly three-quarters of the total land area of the prefecture, traditionally communal land, into private land subject to modern administration and individual, rather than communal village-level, taxation, is identified by George Kerr as "one of the great turning points in Okinawan history, and the most significant event to take place between the king's abdication in 1879 and the American invasion of 1945"." Even so, despite extensive reforms and modernization efforts, the prefecture's economic and political situation vis-a-vis Tokyo could be said to


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 have more closely resembled that of a colony than that of an integral part of the home country. Narahara was not popular in Okinawa. He is said to have largely ignored the needs of Okinawan farmers, and to have given preferential treatment to men from his home province of Satsuma (Kagoshima prefecture). A number of movements arose opposing his policies; one was led by prefectural official Jahana Noboru and connected to the Freedom and People's Rights Movement (自由民権運動, jiyū minken undō) active in other parts of the country. Jahana and his compatriots accused Narahara's administration of unfair policies and unjust treatment; the movement was ultimately suppressed by Narahara. Another group of officials and other prominent Okinawans, called the Kōdō-kai (公同会, "Public Unity Association"), sought to reunite the Okinawan people under Okinawan leadership, and called for the replacement of Narahara as governor with the Marquis Shō Tai, who had abdicated as king of the Ryūkyū Kingdom years earlier.Though the Kōdō-kai was not calling for Okinawan independence, and supported an Okinawan administration within the Empire of Japan and subordinate to the government at Tokyo, the central government deemed that giving in to their demands could be seen to reflect an acknowledgment of Japanese misrule or Okinawan dissatisfaction, and could contribute to the debate over sovereignty of the islands. Thus, the movement was quickly crushed. Retirement
After serving as governor of Okinawa for 15 years, Narahara was succeeded by his chief assistant, Hibi Kimei, in 1908. See also
Mount Narahara

References

1834 births
1918 deaths
Kazoku
Members of the House of Peers (Japan)
Governors of Okinawa Prefecture
People from Satsuma Domain
Shimazu


texts:
<mask> (March 23, 1918 – November 23, 1985) was an American political figure and longtime top aide to U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson. <mask>' career ended after he was arrested and charged with "disorderly conduct" with another man in a public restroom in Washington, D.C. It happened weeks before the 1964 presidential election, in an era when homosexual behavior was widely condemned. Personal life
<mask> was born in Jolly, Texas, and spent his childhood in Wichita Falls, Texas. There he attended Hardin Junior College and then spent two years at the University of Texas, though he did not earn a degree. In 1945, following his discharge from the Army, he converted to Roman Catholicism and married Helen Marjorie Whitehill. <mask> and his wife had six children, four boys and two girls.They separated in the early 1970s but never divorced. She died in 1987. Government career
<mask> began working for Lyndon B. Johnson in 1939 when Johnson was serving in the U.S. House of Representatives as the member from Texas's 10th congressional district. For most of the next 25 years, <mask> served as Johnson's top administrative assistant, following Johnson as he rose to become a Senator, Vice President under John F. Kennedy, and President. From 1941 until 1945, <mask> served in the United States Army during World War II. In 1951, he returned to Wichita Falls to run for the House of Representatives. <mask> lost to Frank N. Ikard in a race marked by attacks on <mask> because of his Roman Catholic faith.Johnson's former aides credit <mask> for his ability and temperament. In 1975, journalist Bill Moyers, a former Johnson aide and press secretary, wrote in Newsweek: "When they come to canonize political aides, [<mask>]

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 will be the first summoned, for no man ever negotiated the shark-infested waters of the Potomac with more decency or charity or came out on the other side with his integrity less shaken. If Lyndon Johnson owed everything to one human being other than Lady Bird, he owed it to <mask>." Joseph Califano wrote, "<mask> was the nicest White House aide I ever met in any administration. He was never overbearing. It was quite remarkable." By the 1960s, <mask> was more Johnson's friend than employee, close to Lady Bird Johnson and involved in their family finances as well.The Johnsons celebrated Lady Bird's fifty-first birthday at a party at <mask>' home in December 1963. Scandal and resignation

Arrest
A month before the 1964 presidential election, on October 7, District of Columbia Police arrested <mask> in a YMCA restroom. He and another man were booked on a disorderly conduct charge, an incident described as "perhaps the most famous tearoom arrest in America." He paid a $50 fine. Rumors of the incident circulated for several days and Republican Party operatives helped to promote it to the press. Some newspapers, including the Chicago Tribune and the Cincinnati Enquirer, refused to run the story. Journalists quickly learned that <mask> had been arrested on a similar charge in 1959, which made it much harder to explain away as the result of overwork or, as one journalist wrote, "combat fatigue."Finally, on October 14, a Washington Star editor called the White House for <mask>' comment on a story it was preparing. <mask> turned to White House lawyers Abe Fortas, the President's personal lawyer, and Clark Clifford, who unofficially was filling the role of White House Counsel. They immediately lobbied the

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Walter Jenkins
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 editors of Washington's three newspapers not to run the story, which only confirmed its significance. Within hours Clifford detailed the evidence to the President and press secretary George Reedy, who "openly weeping," confirmed the story to reporters. Probably forewarned, Johnson told Fortas that <mask> needed to resign. Anticipating the charge that <mask> might have been blackmailed, Johnson immediately ordered an FBI investigation. He knew that J. Edgar Hoover would have to clear the administration of any security problem because the FBI itself would otherwise be at fault for failing to investigate <mask> properly years before.Hoover reported on October 22 that security had not been compromised. Johnson later said: "I couldn't have been more shocked about <mask> if I'd heard that Lady Bird had tried to kill the Pope." He also fed conspiracy theories that <mask> had been framed. He claimed that before his arrest <mask> had attended a cocktail party where the waiters came from the Republican National Committee, though the party was hosted by Newsweek to celebrate the opening of its new offices. The Star printed the story and UPI transmitted its version on October 14. <mask> resigned the same day. Johnson immediately ordered a poll to determine the public's reaction to the affair and learned the next day that its effect on the voters was negligible.The President announced that only he would contact the press about the incident, but his wife, Lady Bird Johnson, issued her own statement of support for <mask>. Political reactions
The incident embarrassed the administration but had little impact on the campaign in which Johnson led his opponent by large margins. One columnist wrote on October 15, "<mask>

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texts: has revived and dramatized all the harsh feelings about morals, and political cliques, and the Texas gang in Washington." Yet the incident disappeared so quickly from the political scene that Theodore H. White, surveying the 1964 election campaign, assessed its impact this way: "Perhaps the most amazing of all events of the campaign of 1964 is that the nation faced the fact fully—and shrugged its shoulders." <mask>' arrest was quickly overshadowed by international affairs: Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev was deposed on October 14, the British electorate voted Labour into power on October 15, and China successfully tested a nuclear weapon on October 16. Johnson's Republican opponent in the 1964 presidential election, Barry Goldwater, knew <mask> from the Senate and from serving as commanding officer of his Air Force Reserve unit, but initially denied knowing him. He did not comment on the incident while campaigning, though it fit well with the charges he had been making of a lack of morality in Johnson's administration, though he was referring to Bobby Baker and Billie Sol Estes.Instead, since FBI agents had just questioned him about <mask>, he publicly asked Hoover to explain why <mask> had not undergone a rigorous security check before joining the White House staff. Goldwater's campaign offices distributed bumper stickers and buttons bearing slogans such as, "LBJLIGHT BULB JENKINS: NO WONDER HE TURNED THE LIGHTS OUT" and "ALL THE WAY WITH LBJ, BUT DON'T GO NEAR THE YMCA". During the remainder of the campaign Goldwater occasionally alluded to the scandal. In speeches he referred to Johnson's "curious crew who would run the country" to the knowing amusement of his audience. At the time, observers

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 noted the difference between the way Goldwater alluded to the scandal and the way the Republican National Committee and Goldwater's running mate, William E. Miller, used it to exploit "popular fears." Goldwater later said he chose not to make the incident a campaign issue. "It was a sad time for <mask>' wife and children, and I was not about to add to their private sorrow," he wrote in his autobiography."Winning isn't everything. Some things, like loyalty to friends or lasting principle, are more important." Johnson mentioned the affair in general terms while campaigning. In Pittsburgh on October 27, he told a crowd that in government "unfortunate things" happen and people "disappoint" you. Some "make mistakes" and need to resign and there need to be impartial investigations. Members of Congress called for an FBI investigation of the case, citing concerns that the FBI had been unaware of <mask>' previous offense in the same Washington men's room in January 1959. Supportive reactions
On October 15, James Reston gave some support to Johnson by confirming that "President Eisenhower was embarrassed by a comparable morals charge against one of his first appointees of his first Administration."On October 19, Drew Pearson in his "Washington Merry-go-round" column recounted the 1952 events with greater detail and named Arthur H. Vandenberg, Jr. as the Eisenhower appointee who "had homosexuality problems and could not pass a security test.". Campaigning in San Diego on October 28, Johnson replied to a reporter's question about "sex deviates" in his administration that every administration had its scandals and mentioned that Eisenhower had faced a similar problem with his appointments secretary, thus

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 confirming Pearson's outing of Vandenberg, whose departure from the Eisenhower administration had been blamed on his health. On October 29, 1964, leading clergymen, including Dean Francis B. Sayre, Jr. of Washington National Cathedral, United Presbyterian Church Leader Eugene Carson Blake, Methodist Bishop John Wesley Lord, American Hebrew Congregations President Maurice Eisendrauth, and theologians Paul Tillich and Reinhold Niebuhr, issued a letter commenting on the <mask> affair: "We see the <mask> episode as a case of human weakness. If there is a security factor involved, let that be dealt with on its own terms and let it not serve chiefly as an excuse for dwelling on this one episode to cater to the prurient curiosity or to the self-righteousness of part of the public." After the election, the American Mental Health Foundation wrote a letter to President Johnson protesting the "hysteria" surrounding the case:

On November 17, Lady Bird visited <mask> and his wife Marjorie, who were preparing to move home to Texas. She reported in her diary that he had received "a barrage of mail" from acquaintances and the public that "seems so understanding." Washington columnist Joseph Alsop, like <mask> a closeted homosexual, wrote publicly in support of <mask> and sent him a letter of support as well.Effect on the Johnson Administration
Johnson appointed Bill Moyers to succeed <mask>. Johnson's White House Press Secretary George Reedy told an interviewer: "A great deal of the president's difficulties can be traced to the fact that <mask> had to leave. ...  All of history might have been different if it hadn't been for that episode." Former Attorney General Ramsey Clark said that <mask>' resignation "deprived

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 the president of the single most effective and trusted aide that he had. The results would be enormous when the president came into his hard times. <mask>'s counsel on Vietnam might have been extremely helpful." Later years and legacy
<mask> resigned from the Air Force Reserve in February 1965.After leaving Washington, <mask> returned to Texas and lived the rest of his life in Austin, where he worked as a Certified Public Accountant and management consultant and ran a construction company. He died in 1985, at the age of 67, a few months after suffering a stroke. A made-for-television film, Vanished, loosely based on the <mask> resignation, aired in 1971. The Tony-award winning play and HBO docudrama, All the Way, that aired on May 21, 2016, about President Lyndon Johnson's first year in office from the Kennedy assassination on November 22, 1963, through the 1964 election on November 3, depicts the 1964 scandal involving <mask>. Canadian playwright Steven Elliott Jackson wrote a play that stages an imaginary meeting and one-night-stand between <mask> and civil rights activist Bayard Rustin called The Seat Next to the King. Directed by Tanisha Taitt and starring Conor Ling as <mask> (along with Kwaku Okyere as Rustin), the play won the award for Best New Play at the 2017 Toronto Fringe Festival. References

Further reading
 Michael Beschloss, ed., Reaching for Glory: Lyndon Johnson's Secret White House Tapes, 1964–1965 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001)
 Robert Dallek, Flawed Giant: Lyndon Johnson and His Times, 1961–1973 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998)
 Rowland Evans and Robert Novak, Lyndon B. Johnson: The Exercise of Power (New York: New American Library, 1966)
 Edward P. Levine, "Studying

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 the American Press: The <mask> Case."Journalism Quarterly 43.3 (1966): 493-496. Rick Perlstein, Before the Storm: Barry Goldwater and the Unmaking of the American Consensus (New York: Hill & Wang, 2001)
 Theodore H. White, The Making of the President 1964 (New York: Atheneum, 1965)
 Mark K. Updegrove, Indomitable Will (New York: Random House, 2012)

Additional material
 Lyndon B. Johnson: The Presidential Recordings, 6 vols. (New York: Norton, 2005)

External links
 cnn.com "New tapes show LBJ struggled with aide's sex scandal"

1918 births
1985 deaths
United States Army personnel of World War II
Converts to Roman Catholicism
People from Clay County, Texas
United States presidential advisors
American LGBT military personnel
Military personnel from Texas
Texas Democrats
People from Wichita Falls, Texas
LGBT people from Texas
Lyndon B. Johnson administration


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<mask> (15 July 1898 – 21 April 1968) was an English composer and musicologist, currently remembered largely for his biographies of French composers. Biography

Early life
Demuth was born in Croydon, Surrey. On leaving Repton School in 1915, he volunteered as Rifleman No. 2780 with the 5th London Regiment (London Rifle Brigade) in the City of London on 17 September 1915, falsifying his age by adding one year on enlistment to seek active-service for which he was then under-age. In early March 1916 he was sent to France with a reinforcement draft to the Regiment's 1st Battalion on the Western Front, and was wounded in the leg by shrapnel fragments from the accidental detonation of a Mills Bomb on 28 June 1916 in the frontline village of Hebuterne during the prelude of the Battle of the Somme. He was medically evacuated to England and subsequently discharged from the British Army as medically unfit for further war service in November 1916. In Forgotten Voices of the Great War, Demuth is quoted as saying:
"Almost the last feather I received was on a bus.I was sitting near the door when I became aware of two women on the other side talking at me, and I thought to myself, 'Oh Lord, here we go again'. One lent forward and produced a feather and said, 'Here's a gift for a brave soldier. I took it and said,'Thank you very much- I wanted one of those.' Then I took my pipe out of my pocket and put this feather down the stem and worked it in a way I've never worked a pipe cleaner before. When it was filthy I pulled it out and said, 'You know, we didn't get these in the trenches', and handed it back to her. She instinctively put out her hand and took it, so there she was


texts:
 sitting with this filthy pipe cleaner in her hand and all the other people on the bus began to get indignant. Then she dropped it and got up to get out, but we were nowhere near a stopping place and the bus went on quite a long way while she got well and truly barracked by the rest of the people on the bus.I sat back and laughed like mad." In between the World Wars
Although Demuth studied for a time at the Royal College of Music under Thomas Dunhill and Walter Parratt, also receiving much encouragement from the Bournemouth conductor Dan Godfrey, he was essentially self-taught. He played the organ in London churches and became a choral conductor. His orchestral piece Selsey Rhapsody was one of his first compositions to be noticed. It was first performed by the London Symphony Orchestra under Adrian Boult in 1925. Further performances followed, mostly outside of London in the South East of England, where he was active as a conductor or orchestral and choral societies. Between 1929 and 1935 Demuth was conductor of the Chichester Symphony Orchestra.From 1930 he taught at the Royal Academy of Music, and latterly at the University of Durham. Among his pupils was Gordon Langford, whose surname was originally Colman (and who changed the name on Demuth's advice). Other pupils included King Palmer, Hugh Shrapnel and Bob Simans. World War II
Demuth was active in the Home Guard and received a commission with the rank of lieutenant in the British Army on 23 October 1942. He served in the Pioneer Corps, for whom he composed the Regimental March in 1943. During this period he also wrote a series of handbooks on military strategy, including Harrying the Hun: A Handbook of


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 Scouting, Stalking and Camouflage (1941), and A Manual of Street Fighting. Music and writing
Greatly sympathetic to French music, Demuth wrote a number of books on the subject.The first two, on Albert Roussel and Maurice Ravel, both appeared in 1947. Further books on  César Franck, Charles Gounod, Vincent d'Indy, French Piano Music and French Opera were published over the following fifteen years. His Musical Trends in the 20th Century (1952) took a broader focus, though its judgements on German and American music are largely unsympathetic. In a scathing review in Tempo, Hans Keller, noting the hostility towards Teutonic music (especially the British emigré composers), observes that "Mr Demuth's all too transparent personal prejudices come into play" and feels obliged to sign himself off with the words "The present writer is an Austrian-born British Jew". The French preference is evident in his own compositions, of which there were many. Demuth produced nine symphonies between 1930 and 1957, six operas between 1947 and 1959 (including Volpone, 1949, and The Orestia, 1950), and numerous orchestral ballets, concertos and overtures, works for military band, chamber music and songs, as well as much incidental music written for BBC radio plays. His orchestral set of Ravel-inspired Valses graves et gaies were premiered at the Proms in 1942 (postponed from 1940).Mason characterises his melodic style as somewhat austere, "in which definable tunes have little part", and his harmony as ranging from intense late Romantic Franckian chromaticism (the Threnody for strings of 1942) to more brittle Stravinskian neoclassicism (Overture for a Joyful Occasion, 1946). The Viola


texts:
 Concerto (1951) received its first performance in 1956 with Herbert Downes as soloist. Hugh Ottaway said of the work "Designed in two linked sections, one slowish, the other quick, it made an impression through its capable workmanship and sense of purpose but did not offer much of imaginative distinction. A certain monotony of rhythm and texture was acutely felt, especially in the opening section, which is a rather busy meditation whose concertante viola part is inclined to fuss and fidget." Demuth wrote his Processional Fanfare for three trumpets and organ for the enthronement of the Lord Bishop of Chichester in 1958. Death
Demuth married the pianist and teacher Edna Marjorie Hardwick in November 1943. She died in March 1965.He died three years later in Chichester at the age of 69. His pupil Gordon Langford has expressed regret at the complete current neglect of <mask>'s achievements as a composer. Selected compositions

References

External links
Obituary of Vaughan Williams by Demuth in The Musical Times

 Royal Pioneer Corps March, performed by The Band of the Royal Logistic Corps

1898 births
English classical composers
20th-century classical composers
People from Croydon
1968 deaths
English musicologists
British Army personnel of World War I
English male classical composers
20th-century English composers
Musicians from Surrey
English male non-fiction writers
20th-century English writers
20th-century biographers
Male biographers
English biographers
20th-century English male writers
20th-century musicologists
20th-century British male musicians
London Regiment soldiers
British Home Guard soldiers
British Army personnel of World War II
Royal Pioneer Corps


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<mask> (; born October 1, 1973) is an American businessman, politician, and former dairy farmer who serves as chief executive officer of the Trump Media & Technology Group (TMTG). Before resigning from the House and joining TMTG, Nunes served first as the U.S. representative for  and then  from 2003 to 2022. A member of the Republican Party, Nunes was the chair of the House Intelligence Committee from 2015 to 2019. He was also a member of President Donald Trump's transition team. Nunes's former district, numbered as the 21st from 2003 to 2013 and as the 22nd after redistricting, was in the San Joaquin Valley and included most of western Tulare County and much of eastern Fresno County. In March 2017 the U.S. House intelligence committee, which Nunes chaired at the time, launched an investigation into possible Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections. In February 2018, Nunes publicly released a four-page memorandum alleging an FBI conspiracy against Donald Trump.Nunes subsequently began an investigation of the FBI and the Justice Department for allegedly abusing their powers in an attempt to hurt Trump. In January 2021, Trump awarded Nunes the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Early life, education and early career

<mask> was born on October 1, 1973, the older of two sons of Antonio L. "Anthony<mask> Jr. and Toni Diane <mask> (née Enas). His grandfather founded Nunes & Sons, a prominent dairy operation in Tulare County. His family operated their farm in California until 2006, when they sold the property and purchased a dairy in Sibley, Iowa. Nunes is of three-quarters Portuguese descent, with ancestors emigrating from the Azores

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Devin Gerald Nunes
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 to California. He has one younger brother, Anthony III.In 2009, Nunes wrote in The Wall Street Journal that he became an entrepreneur at age 14 when he bought seven head of young cattle, learning quickly how to profit from his investment. After receiving his Associate of Arts degree from the College of the Sequoias in 1993, Nunes graduated from Cal Poly San Luis Obispo with a bachelor's degree in agricultural business in 1995, and a master's degree in agriculture in 1996. After finishing school, Nunes returned to farming. In 1996, at age 23, Nunes was elected to the College of the Sequoias Board, making him one of California's youngest community college trustees in state history. He served on the board until 2002. In 2001 President George W. Bush appointed Nunes to serve as California State Director for the United States Department of Agriculture's Rural Development section. U.S. Congress

Elections

In 1998, Nunes entered the "top two" primary race for California's 20th congressional district seat held by Democrat Cal Dooley.He finished in third place. In 2002, <mask> ran for the Republican nomination in the 21st congressional district, a new district created by reapportionment after the 2000 United States Census. His principal opponents in the crowded seven-way primary were former Fresno mayor Jim Patterson and state Assemblyman Mike Briggs. <mask> was the only major candidate from Tulare County; Patterson and Briggs were both from Fresno. This was critical, as 58% of the district's population was in Tulare County. Patterson and Briggs split the vote in Fresno County, allowing <mask> to win by a four-point margin over Patterson, his

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 nearest competitor. <mask> won 46.5% of the vote in Tulare County and 28.1% of the vote in Fresno County.<mask> was also helped by a strong showing in the rural part of the district. He was endorsed by the California Farm Bureau and The Fresno Bee. The district was solidly Republican, and <mask> coasted to victory in November 2002. He was 29 years old. <mask> faced token Democratic opposition in 2004, 2006, and 2008. He ran unopposed in the 2010 general election. After the 2010 census, <mask>'s district was renumbered the 22nd.It lost most of eastern Tulare County to the neighboring 23rd District, and now has a small plurality of Hispanic voters. Despite these changes, on paper it was no less Republican than its predecessor. <mask> was reelected with 62% of the vote in 2012, 72% in 2014, and 68% in 2016. During the 2014 election cycle <mask> received approximately $1.4million in political action committee (PAC) contributions. During the 2016 election cycle, he received approximately $1.6million in campaign contributions from PACs. In 2018 Nunes faced Democratic nominee Andrew Janz, a Fresno County prosecutor. <mask> defeated Janz with 53% of the vote to Janz's 47%, the closest race of <mask>'s career.In 2020, <mask> received 56.5% of the vote in the primary. Nunes defeated Phil Arballo in the general election on November 3, 2020. Committees and caucuses

In 2015, <mask> became the Chairman of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. As co-chair of the U.S.–Mexico Friendship Caucus, he and Democratic Whip Steny Hoyer met with President Felipe Calderón of Mexico in April 2012. Nunes was a member of the House Baltic Caucus and

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 the U.S.-Japan Caucus. 112th Congress

House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
Committee on Ways and Means
Subcommittee on Trade
Subcommittee on Health

114th and 115th Congress

House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (Chair)
Committee on Ways and Means

116th and 117th Congress

House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (Ranking Member)
Committee on Ways and Means

Business career
In December 2021, <mask> resigned from the House, effective January 1, 2022, in order to join the Trump Media & Technology Group as chief executive officer. Political positions

Former Trump campaign CEO and chief strategist Steve Bannon has called <mask> Trump's second-strongest ally in Congress.Los Angeles Times described him as "one of Trump's most ardent and outlandish defenders in Congress" who "parroted the president's conspiracy theories" and used his position "to try to undermine [the] investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 election." During the presidency of Donald Trump, Nunes voted in line with the president's stated position 96.2% of the time. As of December 2021, Nunes had voted in line with Joe Biden's stated position 11% of the time. Energy

On July 28, 2010, Nunes introduced H.R. 5899, "A Roadmap for America's Energy Future", which would have accelerated the exploration and production of fossil fuel, supported the rapid development of market-based alternative energy supplies, and expanded the number of nuclear reactors from 104 to 300 over the next thirty years. Kimberley Strassel of The Wall Street Journal wrote, "It's a bill designed to produce energy, not restrict it" with "no freebies", and "offers a

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 competitive twist to government support of renewable energy." Environment

Nunes wrote in his book Restoring the Republic that environmental lobbyists were "followers of neo-Marxist, socialist, Maoist or Communist ideals."In February 2014, during a drought in California, Nunes rejected any link to global warming, claiming "Global warming is nonsense." He has said it was a "man-made drought" due to water restrictions from the Endangered Species Act of 1973 and other environmental regulations that have seen water allocations decline dramatically even in non-drought years. He criticized the federal government for shutting off portions of California's system of water irrigation and storage and diverting water into a program for freshwater salmon and the delta smelt. Nunes co-sponsored the Sacramento-San Joaquin Valley Emergency Water Delivery Act to stop a project designed to restore a dried-up section of the San Joaquin River. He also co-sponsored the California Emergency Drought Relief Act. The bills passed the House of Representatives in February 2014 and December 2014 respectively, but were not voted on by the Senate. Fiscal policy

On January 27, 2010, Nunes co-sponsored H.R.4529, Roadmap for America's Future Act of 2010, the Republican Party's budget proposal. On December 2, 2010, Nunes introduced H.R. 6484, the Public Employee Pension Transparency Act, which would "provide for reporting and disclosure by State and local public employee retirement pension plans," but it never received a vote. <mask> has long been a proponent of a consumption tax model and has been influenced by David Bradford. In 2016, he introduced the American Business


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 Competitiveness Act (H.R. 4377), known as the ABC Act, a "cash-flow tax plan" featuring full expensing and a reduction of the highest rate for federal corporate income tax rate to 25%. Nunes's proposal was influential among House Republicans, and had similarities to the House Republican tax plan introduced by Speaker Paul Ryan and Ways and Means Committee Chairman Kevin Brady in June 2016.Conservative economist Douglas Holtz-Eakin said Nunes had "a tremendous impact on the debate" for a non-chairman. In April 2016, Nunes voted for the Preventing IRS Abuse and Protecting Free Speech Act, a bill that would prevent the IRS from accessing the names of donors to nonprofit organizations. Critics of the bill, which was promoted by the Koch brothers, say IRS access to donor information is important for ensuring foreign funds do not impact U.S. elections. Nunes voted in support of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. Health care

In 2009, Nunes co-authored the "Patients' Choice Act" with Paul Ryan (R-WI) in the House, and Tom Coburn (R-OK) and Richard Burr (R-NC) in the Senate. The bill would have established a system of state health insurance exchanges and amended the Internal Revenue Code to allow a refundable tax credit for qualified health care insurance coverage. It also proposed to absorb Medicaid programs into the exchange system.The Patients' Choice Act was incorporated into the "Roadmap for America's Future Act of 2010". Nunes opposes the Affordable Care Act and has said it cannot be fixed. In 2017 he voted to repeal it. Immigration and refugees

Nunes supported President Trump's 2017 executive order imposing a temporary ban on entry into


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 the United States by citizens of seven Muslim-majority countries, claiming it was "a common-sense security measure to prevent terror attacks on the homeland". Intelligence Committee

Nunes opposed the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, an international agreement that the U.S. and other major world powers negotiated with Iran, under which Iran was granted partial sanctions relief in exchange for limits on and monitoring of its nuclear activities. As House Intelligence Committee chairman, Nunes oversaw the Republican-controlled committee's two-year-long investigation into the U.S. response to the 2012 Benghazi attack. The committee's final report found no evidence of wrongdoing on the part of Secretary of State Hillary Clinton or any other Obama administration officials, and concluded that the response of CIA and U.S. military to the attack on the U.S. diplomatic compound was correct.The committee's report debunked "a series of persistent allegations hinting at dark conspiracies" about the attack, determining that "there was no intelligence failure, no delay in sending a CIA rescue team, no missed opportunity for a military rescue, and no evidence the CIA was covertly shipping arms from Libya to Syria", but found "that the State Department facility where [Christopher] Stevens and [Sean] Smith were killed was not well-protected, and that State Department security agents knew they could not defend it from a well-armed attack". Paul Ryan vacated the chairmanship of the Ways and Means Committee when he replaced John Boehner as Speaker of the House of Representatives. Ryan asked Nunes to stay on the Intelligence Committee, and Nunes complied.


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 Marijuana policy

Nunes has a "D" rating from the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML) for his voting history on cannabis-related causes. Surveillance

In January 2019, Congress passed a bill <mask> supported, which extends Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) until 2023, and Trump signed it into law that month. FISA Section 702 allows the National Security Agency to conduct searches of foreigners' communications without a warrant. The process incidentally collects information from Americans.Nunes lauded the bill's passing: "The House of Representatives has taken a big step to ensure the continuation of one of the Intelligence Community's most vital tools for tracking foreign terrorists". Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict
Nunes accused Turkey, a NATO member, of inciting the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh. On October 1, 2020, he co-signed a letter to Secretary of State Mike Pompeo that condemned Azerbaijan's offensive operations against Nagorno-Karabakh, denounced Turkey's role in the conflict and called for an immediate ceasefire. Transportation

California State Route 99 is a highway running north–south that branches from Interstate 5 at the community of Wheeler Ridge in Kern County and continues northward through the Central Valley until it connects with Interstate 5 again at Red Bluff in Tehama County. In 2005 Nunes introduced H.R. 99, which designated State Route 99 as a congressional High Priority Corridor. The bill also provided federal authorization for Highway 99 to become part of the Interstate Highway System.On February 17, 2011,


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 Nunes introduced H.R. 761, the "San Joaquin Valley Transportation Enhancement Act", which would give the State of California the option to redirect federal high-speed rail funds to finance improvements to Highway 99. H.R. 761 was cosponsored by Jeff Denham (R-CA) and House Majority Whip Kevin McCarthy (R-CA). U.S. base in Portugal

In 2015, Nunes clashed with the Pentagon over a U.S. base in the Azores, Portugal. He proposed relocating Africa Command and European Command intelligence centers to the Azores, contrary to plans by Pentagon and NATO to create a larger intelligence "fusion" facility in the United Kingdom, maintaining that this would save money because of the Azores' lower living and construction costs. The Pentagon responded by stating "Moving to Lajes Field is very expensive and living is expensive as well."In sum, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) found inaccuracies in the information provided by the DoD to Congress, according to its report. COVID-19 pandemic

On March 15, 2020, amid the COVID-19 pandemic, Nunes encouraged families who were "healthy" to "go out and go to a local restaurant, likely you can get in easy." This advice contradicted that of the CDC, and WHO, as well as that of Dr. Anthony Fauci, the federal government's leading expert on infectious diseases, who advised people to stay at home if they could. Later, Nunes walked back his comments and claimed that he had encouraged people to use drive-throughs. On March 31, he described California's decision to close schools to halt the spread of coronavirus as "way overkill". Nunes said he wanted people to return to work in one to two weeks. On March 17,


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 2020, Nunes told Laura Ingraham on Fox News that the media was exaggerating the threat of COVID-19.He predicted that the crisis would be over by Easter. "There's a good chance we can get through this in the next couple of weeks and for sure by Easter, because we will have a handle on who's getting sick and how to treat them," he said. Legal issues

Comments about other politicians

During the debate over the Affordable Health Care Act in the House of Representatives, Nunes said of then-Speaker Nancy Pelosi, "For most of the 20th century people fled the ghost of communist dictators and now you are bringing the ghosts back into this chamber." He has also had a long-running dispute with another San Francisco Bay-area Democrat, Senator Dianne Feinstein, over California water policy and other issues, even running a series of advertisements against her in California. Nunes's criticisms have not been limited to liberals or the Obama administration. During the October 2013 budget standoff, Nunes called certain members of his own Republican Conference who favored a government shutdown "lemmings with suicide vests". "It's kind of an insult to lemmings to call them lemmings" because of their tactics, he said.In May 2014 <mask> came under fire when he charged that Michigan Congressman and (then) fellow Republican Justin Amash was "al-Qaeda's best friend in Congress" because of Amash's supposed voting record on National Security Agency (NSA) surveillance. At the time, Amash had voted in opposition to a Nunes water bill for California "on constitutional grounds". Role in Trump–Russia investigation

In February 2017, <mask>, who served on the Trump


texts: transition team, was the first leading House Republican to deny that the intelligence community had evidence of contact between the Trump campaign and Russian operatives. He rejected repeated calls for an investigation by a select committee, saying the House should not engage in a "witch hunt" and that "at this point, there's nothing there". Nunes also rejected calls that he request President Trump's tax returns. At a White House communications aide's request, Nunes spoke to a reporter for The Wall Street Journal to challenge a story about the Trump campaign's connections to Russia. When Trump's national security adviser Michael Flynn resigned after it was revealed that he had allegedly misled Vice President Mike Pence about his communication with Russian officials, Nunes said he would not seek to investigate Flynn's ties to Russia: "From everything that I can see, his conversations with the Russian ambassador—he was doing this country a favor, and he should be thanked for it."On March 22, 2017, during the House Intelligence Committee's investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections, <mask> held a press conference to announce that he had received information that the communications of "some members of Trump's transition team, including potentially the president himself" had been "incidentally collected" by the intelligence community and "widely disseminated" throughout the intelligence community. He added that it was legal FISA surveillance, and unrelated to Russia. It was later revealed that it involved Russia and the Trump transition team. The surveillance was of multiple phone conversations between Michael


texts: Flynn, a member of the transition team, and Russian Ambassador Sergey Kislyak, which occurred after Flynn sought advice from the Trump transition team at Mar-a-Lago, where they discussed what Flynn should tell Kislyak "about the administration's stance on the sanctions. [Kislyak had contacted Flynn the day before]... members of the team at the president's Florida estate agree that they do not want Russia to escalate the diplomatic crisis. After the initial call, Flynn [spoke] with Kislyak multiple times by phone and urge[d] him not to exacerbate the situation. U.S. intelligence officials intercept[ed] the calls as part of their routine surveillance of foreign dignitaries."Nunes had met his source for the information one day earlier at the White House grounds, with a spokesman for Nunes claiming this provided "a secure location" to view the material. Although Nunes had characterized his intelligence sources as whistle-blowers whose identities he had to protect, The New York Times reported that they were actually White House officials Ezra Cohen-Watnick and Michael Ellis, while The Washington Post reported that along with Cohen-Watnick and Ellis, a third man, National Security Council lawyer John Eisenberg, was involved. Nunes was widely criticized for sharing this information with the media and the president before briefing his colleagues on the committee. According to Nunes, the intercepted communications came in November, December and January—after Trump won the election but before he was sworn in as president. Adam Schiff, the ranking Democrat on the committee, and House Democratic leadership called on Nunes to recuse himself from the


texts: investigation. He also received criticism from Republican Senators John McCain and Lindsey Graham. The latter compared Nunes's actions to those of the comically incompetent fictional character Inspector Clouseau.<mask> was criticized by Democrats and some Republicans for sharing information on an investigation of the Trump campaign with the administration without communicating it to Schiff, his Democratic Intelligence Committee counterpart. In late March 2017, Nunes canceled a public hearing in which former acting Attorney General Sally Yates, former National Security Agency Director James Clapper and former CIA Director John Brennan were to testify, saying he wanted to hear FBI Director James Comey and National Security Agency Director Mike Rogers in a classified setting first. Democrats criticized <mask>'s decision and said he was trying to protect the White House from damaging revelations. On April 6, 2017, <mask> temporarily stepped aside from leading the Russia investigation while the Office of Congressional Ethics investigated whether he had "made unauthorized disclosures of classified information, in violation of House Rules, law, regulations, or other standards of conduct" in his March press conference. He called the charges "entirely false and politically motivated". On April 12, 2017, sources from both the Republican and the Democratic parties said the original documents Nunes cited did not support Trump's claims that the Obama administration acted illegally or unusually. In May 2017, Nunes unilaterally issued three subpoenas seeking documents about former Obama administration officials who requested the unmasking of Trump aides,


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 which led to renewed accusations of colluding with the White House to undercut the Russia probe.According to Politico, in July 2017 an aide to Nunes secretly sent a pair of Republican staffers to London to contact Christopher Steele. The Los Angeles Times editorial board wrote that Nunes's involvement in the investigation was "threatening the credibility of the probe". In December 2017, the United States House Committee on Ethics closed its investigation into improper disclosure of classified information by Nunes; the co-chairs of the Committee stated: "The Committee does not determine whether information is or is not classified. In the course of this investigation, the Committee sought the analysis of Representative <mask>'s statements by classification experts in the intelligence community. Based solely on the conclusion of these classification experts that the information Representative Nunes disclosed was not classified, the Committee will take no further action and considers this matter closed." In January 2018, The Atlantic cited three congressional sources describing that the Ethics Committee was never able to obtain the classified information it was investigating regarding <mask>'s case. In February 2018, Nunes released a four-page memorandum alleging that the FBI's 2016 surveillance of Carter Page, a former member of the Trump campaign, was motivated by bias against Trump.Trump said the Nunes memo vindicated him. In August 2018, Nunes traveled to London in an attempt to meet with the heads of MI5, MI6, and GCHQ for information about Steele, but was rebuffed by the three agencies. Role in Trump impeachment inquiry

As the top


texts: Republican ("Ranking Member") on the House Intelligence Committee, Nunes was a key player in the Trump impeachment inquiry. During the November 2019 public hearings, he delivered the opening statement for the GOP minority. Nunes used most of the allotted Republican time for questioning himself instead of deferring to the Minority Counsel. Nunes has tried to identify the whistle-blower whose complaint played a part in launching the impeachment inquiry. Further, during the hearings, Nunes repeatedly claimed that Ukraine had attempted to influence the 2016 United States presidential election, one of the conspiracy theories related to the Trump–Ukraine scandal.In November 2019, Rudy Giuliani's associate Lev Parnas said he had helped Nunes arrange meetings with Ukrainian officials in efforts to procure politically embarrassing "dirt" on former Vice President Joe Biden. Parnas said he would be willing to testify to Congress about his own role as well as Nunes's in the events, which included meeting with disgraced former Ukrainian prosecutor-general Viktor Shokin. Parnas's attorney Joseph A. Bondy has said that Nunes and his staffer former U.S. Army colonel Derek Harvey met with Parnas several times for updates on claims against Biden and the CrowdStrike/2016 U.S. election conspiracy theory. Parnas's attorney said, "Mr. Parnas learned through Nunes's investigator, Derek Harvey, that the congressman had sequenced this trip to occur after the mid-term elections yet before Congress' return to session, so that Nunes would not have to disclose the trip details to his Democrat colleagues in Congress." When asked by CNN to comment on his trips overseas


texts: to solicit dirt on Biden, Nunes responded, "I don't talk to you in this lifetime or the next lifetime. At any time. On any question."On November 24, 2019, <mask> alleged in an interview with Fox News that CNN and the Daily Beast had committed crimes reporting on his trips to Europe and that he would pursue legal action against the news organizations for reporting the stories. In the interview, he did not answer the host Maria Bartiromo's question about whether he had met with disgraced former Ukrainian prosecutor Viktor Shokin in 2018, saying he would be detailing all the facts in federal court filings. That same day, CNBC reported that Lev Parnas was willing to testify under oath in Congress that <mask>'s aides called off a 2019 trip to Ukraine to dig up more dirt on Joe Biden when they realized he would have to report the trip to Intelligence Committee Chairman Adam Schiff. CNBC reported that Parnas's allegations "potentially implicate Nunes and his committee staff in the same events the committee is currently investigating. Specifically, the monthslong effort by Trump, Giuliani and others to get Ukrainian officials to help them dig up dirt on Biden, and to validate far-right conspiracies about Ukraine and the 2016 election." <mask>s sued CNN for alleged defamation in Nunes v. CNN, seeking $435,350,000 in damages for their reporting of Parnas's lawyer's statement.That month, an attorney for Nunes sent a letter to congressman Ted Lieu threatening to sue over Lieu's comments about Nunes's relationship with Parnas. In response, Lieu wrote, "I welcome any lawsuit from your client and look forward to taking discovery of Congressman Nunes. Or,

masks: Nunes Nunes Nunesune


texts: you can take your letter and shove it." Federal judge Laura Taylor Swain dismissed Nunes's suit against CNN on February 19, 2021. On December 3, 2019, the report from the House Intelligence Committee regarding the impeachment inquiry documented with call records new information about Rudy Giuliani's interactions with the White House, his associates and Nunes. The frequent contact of Giuliani and Lev Parnas, who has been indicted for criminal activity, with Nunes are regarded as "highly unusual and likely to renew calls from Democrats for Mr. Nunes to face an ethics inquiry." The report detailed call records acquired by subpoenas from AT&T that revealed Nunes to be in contact with Giuliani on April 10, and with Giuliani and Parnas on April 12, described in the report as the same days as other significant actions in the scandal, including phone calls between Giuliani and the White House and the Office of Management and Budget as well as a retainer agreement between Trump-affiliated lawyers diGenova & Toensing and former Ukrainian officials Yuriy Lutsenko and Konstiantyn Kulyk, "two of the primary sources" for articles in The Hill that promoted the conspiracy theory of Ukrainian interference in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.Nunes asserted it was "very unlikely" he had spoken with Parnas, adding, "I don't really recall that name." After the report was released, CNN analysts suggested the new evidence raises questions about whether Nunes was an investigator or a participant in the Trump–Ukraine scandal. On January 14, 2020, the House Intelligence Committee released text messages Parnas had provided investigators. Two days later, Nunes


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 acknowledged he had spoken to Parnas, after previously suggesting he had not. The next day, the House Judiciary Committee released text messages between Nunes's top aide Derek Harvey and Parnas in which they discussed arranging meetings for Harvey with Ukrainian officials. Defamation lawsuits filed by <mask>

<mask> has filed multiple lawsuits characterized as Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation ("SLAPP"). Experts have described the lawsuits as "unlikely to succeed" and "virtually free of merit".On March 18, 2019, Nunes filed defamation lawsuits against Twitter, Elizabeth "Liz" Mair, Mair Strategies LLC, and the Twitter accounts, "<mask>unes's Mom" (@DevinNunesMom) and "<mask> Nunes's Cow" (@DevinCow), seeking $250million in damages. As the story went viral, the popularity of the defendants' accounts soared, gaining more followers than Nunes's own account. The San Francisco Chronicle cited this as an example of the Streisand Effect. Kathryn Watson of CBS News said the filing was "particularly interesting" because in 2018 Nunes supported the "Discouraging Frivolous Lawsuits Act". A filing to quash a subpoena argued that "no reasonable person would believe that <mask>s's cow actually has a Twitter account" as cows "do not have the intelligence, language, or opposable digits needed to operate a Twitter account". In June 2020, a judge ruled that Twitter was immune from Nunes's suit because of Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act. In August 2021, the same judge dismissed the second of two suits Nunes had filed against Mair.In April 2019, Nunes filed a separate $150million defamation lawsuit against the McClatchy Company and

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texts: others. In May 2018, The Fresno Bee, a local paper owned by McClatchy, reported that in 2016 a former server of Alpha Omega Winery sued the winery, which is partly owned by Nunes. The server alleged that in 2015 some investors of the company held a yacht party that involved cocaine and prostitution. The report said it was "unclear" whether Nunes "was aware of the lawsuit" or involved in the fund-raising event at the yacht. He did not attend the party, nor was he mentioned in the lawsuit. Nunes said the article was politically motivated and improperly linked him to the fund-raiser. A McClatchy spokesperson defended the report and said Nunes's claim was without merit.Some legal experts have speculated that even though both Nunes and McClatchy are based in California, he filed the lawsuit in Virginia because California has enacted stricter rules against strategic defamation lawsuits than Virginia. Kelly McBride of the Poynter Institute said the report did not say or imply that Nunes was at the party. According to her, his intention was to harm the Bee and similar lawsuits are designed to send a chilling effect on journalists. In August 2019, Nunes sued a group of activists who had tried to force Nunes to stop using "farmer" as his occupation on the 2018 ballot. The activists had argued that Nunes's parents had long ago moved the family dairy farm to Iowa and Nunes himself had no apparent farming connection left other than a small investment in a friend's Napa valley winery. In September 2019, Nunes sued political journalist Ryan Lizza and Hearst Magazines, the publisher of Esquire, alleging that a 2018 Esquire story had damaged his


texts: reputation. Lizza wrote that Nunes's family had "secretly" moved its dairy operation from California to Iowa in 2007.Nunes did not specifically contest the veracity of Lizza's reporting, but claimed he "fabricated a 'secret' where none existed". By the time Esquire published the piece, The Bee had already covered the move to Iowa. Nunes alleged in the suit that "Lizza stalked Plaintiff's grammar-school aged nieces, behaved like a sex offender or pedophile cruising the local neighborhood for victims, frightened a family member to tears, and exploited a grieving mother." United States District Judge C. J. Williams, a Trump appointee, dismissed this suit in its entirety on August 5, 2020. On September 15, 2021, the Eighth Circuit Court upheld the dismissal of some counts but remanded the case back to the district court. A similar lawsuit filed by Nunes's father and brother against the same defendants remains in litigation. In September 2019, Nunes sued the liberal nonprofit Campaign for Accountability (CfA) and the opposition research firm Fusion GPS.The latter was hired to dig up dirt on Trump at the behest of Hillary Clinton's presidential campaign. The research was compiled into the Steele dossier. In 2018 CfA filed three ethics complaints against Nunes. In the lawsuit he alleged that CfA and Fusion GPS had conspired to hinder his investigation into the dossier, citing a $138,684 payment from CfA to Fusion GPS. CfA said it did not hire Fusion GPS to investigate Nunes. On December 4, 2019, Nunes sued CNN for alleged defamation, seeking $435,350,000 in damages for their reporting of Parnas's lawyer's statement. The complaint stated, "CNN is


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 the mother of fake news.It is the least trusted name. CNN is eroding the fabric of America, proselytizing, sowing distrust and disharmony. It must be held accountable." He claimed that the network has an "institutional hatred" for the Republican Party. The suit alleges that CNN reported that Nunes traveled to Vienna in December 2018, and met with Viktor Shokin, the former Ukrainian prosecutor general, about investigating Joe Biden. The suit claims this is untrue and that Nunes was in Benghazi, followed by Malta. Before the filing of the CNN suit, an attorney representing McClatchy in Nunes's suit told The Washington Post's Eric Wemple, "He's filing these lawsuits and threatening these lawsuits purely to try to chill speech about himself and matters of public interest."Federal judge Laura Taylor Swain dismissed the suit on February 19, 2021. On December 31, 2019, <mask>, through his Charlottesville, Virginia, attorney Steven S. Biss, issued a letter that threatened litigation against Representative Ted Lieu based on alleged damage to Nunes's reputation. Lieu responded, "I welcome any lawsuit from your client and look forward to taking discovery of Congressman Nunes. Or, you can take your letter and shove it." Conservative Political Action Conference attendance
In late February 2021, Nunes and a dozen other Republican House members skipped votes and enlisted others to vote for them, citing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. But he and the other members were actually attending the Conservative Political Action Conference, which was held at the same time as their absences. In response, the Campaign for Accountability, an ethics watchdog group,


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 filed a complaint with the House Committee on Ethics and requested an investigation into Nunes and the other lawmakers.Personal life

The Nunes family is of Portuguese descent, immigrating from the Azores to California in the early 20th century. Nunes wrote a foreword to the 1951 novel Home Is An Island by Portuguese-American author Alfred Lewis for the 2012 edition by Tagus Press, an imprint of the Center for Portuguese Culture and Studies at the University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth. Nunes married <mask> (née Tamariz), an elementary school teacher, in 2003. They have three daughters. Nunes is a practicing Catholic, and attends Mass in Tulare. Honors

President Donald Trump awarded Nunes the Presidential Medal of Freedom on January 4, 2021, along with fellow Representative Jim Jordan. No media were allowed to document the ceremony.In a press release from the Trump White House before the ceremony, <mask> was described as having exposed illegal wiretapping by the Obama administration on Trump and the Trump campaign, as part of the unsubstantiated Trump Tower wiretapping allegations. In the same release <mask> is praised as having helped "thwart a plot to take down a sitting United States president", in reference to his work to discredit the allegations (which the release calls the "Russia Hoax") leading to Trump's first impeachment. Nunes has received the following foreign honors:
 Grand-Officer of the Order of Prince Henry, Portugal (June 7, 2013)
 Commander of the Order of the Star of Romania, Romania (June 8, 2017)

See also

Fossil fuels lobby
List of conspiracy theories
Russian interference in the 2016 United States

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Elizabeth Nunes
Nunes
Nunes


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 elections
Trump–Ukraine scandal

References

External links

Profile at SourceWatch
Smart Voter's election results for 2002, 2004, 2006

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1973 births
21st-century American politicians
American conspiracy theorists
American people of Azorean descent
American people of Portuguese descent
American Roman Catholics
California Polytechnic State University alumni
California Republicans
Catholics from California
College of the Sequoias alumni
Commanders of the Order of the Star of Romania
Grand Officers of the Order of Prince Henry
Living people
Members of the United States House of Representatives from California
People from Tulare, California
People from Visalia, California
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Trump–Ukraine scandal
United States Department of Agriculture officials
21st-century American


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<mask> (November 15, 1948 – February 20, 2022) was an American political analyst and pundit, and political operative. He was an analyst and commentator on Fox News. He had been a commentator on Fox News where he co-hosted The Five until he was released in 2015 after being absent for several months while recovering from back surgery. After departing Fox News in 2015, Beckel became a commentator for CNN. On January 16, 2017, he returned to Fox News as a co-host of The Five. On May 19, 2017, Fox News announced Beckel was released again after he was accused of making a racist remark against another Fox News employee. Early life
<mask> was born in Greenwich Village, Manhattan and grew up in Lyme, Connecticut.He is the son of Cambridge Graham <mask> Jr. (author of Workshops for the World: The United Nations Family of Agencies) and Ellen Gilliland <mask>. He is the older brother of actor <mask>. <mask> received a BA from Wagner College in Staten Island. While in college, he played football and worked for Robert F. Kennedy's presidential campaign in 1968. After college, <mask> served in the Philippines as a Peace Corps volunteer from 1971 to 1972, and later was a graduate school professor of politics at George Washington University. Career

Government
In 1977, <mask> joined the United States Department of State as deputy assistant secretary of state for congressional relations, becoming the youngest deputy assistant secretary of state in the Carter administration. In that role he helped to shepherd the Panama Canal Treaty through Congress to ratification.The following year he was appointed special assistant to the president for legislative affairs, working on ratification of Salt II and Mideast treaties. <mask> was the campaign manager for Walter Mondale's 1984 presidential campaign. During that campaign he became known as the man who effectively wrapped the Wendy's slogan "Where's the beef?" around Gary Hart, Mondale's opponent for the Democratic nomination. In late 1984 he formed the consulting firm Bob Beckel & Associates, or BBA, a

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