texts:
 the end of his contract <mask> was close to signing with Championship side Fulham, but the deal fell through due to work permit issues. <mask> returned to Iran and extended his contract for another two seasons with Sepahan. FSV Frankfurt
On 30 August 2015, <mask> joined FSV Frankfurt in the 2. Bundesliga on a two-year contract.He made his league debut on 13 September 2015 as a second-half substitute against Eintracht Braunschweig. He made his first start a week later as a left-back on 20 September in a 1–0 league win over MSV Duisburg. <mask> quickly established himself as the set-piece taker. <mask> scored his first goal for FSV Frankfurt on 2 March 2016 in a 3–3 draw against MSV Duisburg. On 13 March 2016, he scored from 50 yards against SC Freiburg. After FSV was relegated to the 3. Liga, the club announced that they had annulled the contract of <mask> and he was a free agent and could sign with any club.Panionios
On 24 June 2017, <mask> signed a two-year contract with Greek Super League side Panionios. He is set to team up with fellow countryman Masoud Shojaei at Panionios. <mask> became the third Iranian in recent years to play for the club. <mask> made his first appearance for the club on 13 July 2017 in a second round Europa League qualifying match against Slovenian club Gorica. On 20 August 2017, on his league debut with Panionios, <mask> recorded an assist from a corner kick. Olympiacos
On 29 December 2017, after six months with Panionios, Hajisafi reached an agreement with Greek side Olympiacos, signing a three and a half years' contract for a transfer fee of €600,000. His contract, was worth €400,000 per year.The 27-year-old player was the team's first transfer in the January window. On 11 February 2018, he made his debut with the club in the Superleague Greece as a starter, scoring a late goal as he bundled home the rebound to sealed a point for Olympiacos when Atromitos keeper Andreas Gianniotis saved Uros Djurdjevic’s penalty-kick. Tractor
On 2 September 2018, Hajisafi returned to Tractor on a three-year contract. AEK

masks: Hajsafi Hajsafi Hajsafi Hajsafi Hajsafi Hajsafi Hajsafi Hajsafi Hajsafi Hajsafi


type: original

texts:
 Athens
On 3 August 2021, Iran international midfielder <mask> <mask> joined Greek football team AEK Athens. The 31-year-old winger was a member of Iranian team Sepahan in the last half of the season. <mask> had played for another Greek Super League club Olympiacos in 2018. On 24 October 2021, he came in as a late substitute and sealed a 3–1 away win against Volos, after a magnificent run from Steven Zuber.International career
<mask> competed for the Iran U17 national team at the 2006 AFC Youth Championship. He later went on to appear for the U-20 and U-23 teams. On 25 May 2008, <mask> played his first A national team match for the senior national team in a friendly game against Zambia. He shone in his debut with two brilliant assists in Iran's 3–2 win at Azadi Stadium. On 2 June, he then played in Iran's 2010 FIFA World Cup World Cup qualification against United Arab Emirates at home. In the return game, <mask> came on as a substitute to help Iran win the crucial away game. His first international goal was against Qatar in the 2008 West Asian Football Federation Championship, when Iran went on to win 6–1.He played in 2011 AFC Asian Cup qualification, which was considered the best left side of the competition. He also played for the team in the tournament, in which Iran was eliminated in the Round 16 by South Korea. In March 2014, he was assigned as captain for the first time in his 57th national cap against Kuwait. On 1 June 2014, he was called into Iran's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad by Carlos Queiroz. He played the full 90 minutes in Iran's first match against Nigeria which ended 0–0. He then started in a match against Argentina and was one of the key players in the match. He substituted in the 88th minute and then Argentina scored their lone goal by Lionel Messi.He also played 63 minutes in Iran's final match against Bosnia and Herzegovina. Iran were eliminated in the group stages. He was called into Iran's 2015 AFC Asian Cup squad on 30 December 2014 by Carlos Queiroz. On 11 January 2015, in Iran's opening match of the tournament,

masks: Ehsan Hajsafi Hajsafi Hajsafi Hajsafi Hajsafi


texts:
 <mask> scored the first goal and was named man of the match in a 2–0 win against Bahrain. On 10 August 2017, <mask> was banned from the national team, along with teammate Masoud Shojaei, for playing with their club Panionios against Israeli club Maccabi Tel Aviv. His ban was rescinded after posting a religious message on his Instagram. In May 2018 he was named in Iran's preliminary squad for the 2018 World Cup in Russia.He played his 100th international game on 15 November 2018 at the age of 28 in Azadi Stadium against Trinidad and Tobago. Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list Iran's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Hajsafi goal. Honours
Sepahan
Persian Gulf Pro League: 2009–10, 2010–11, 2014–15
Hazfi Cup: 2005–06, 2006–07, 2012–13
AFC Champions League: runner-up 2007

Tractor
Hazfi Cup: 2019–20

Iran
WAFF Championship: 2008

Individual
 Persian Gulf Pro League Young Player of the Year: 2007–08
 Persian Gulf Pro League Top Goal Assistant: 2009–10 (13), 2011–12 (11), 2016–17 (8)
 Persian Gulf Pro League Defender of the Year: 2009–10, 2011–12
 Persian Gulf Pro League Team of the Year: 2011–12, 2016–17

See also
 List of men's footballers with 100 or more international caps

References

1990 births
Living people
People from Kashan
Association football defenders
Association football midfielders
Association football utility players
Iranian footballers
Iran international footballers
Sepahan S.C. footballers
Tractor S.C. players
FSV Frankfurt players
Panionios F.C. players
Olympiacos F.C. players
AEK Athens F.C. players
Persian Gulf Pro League players
2. Bundesliga players
Super League Greece players
FIFA Century Club
Footballers at the 2010 Asian Games
2011 AFC Asian Cup players
2014 FIFA World Cup players
2015 AFC Asian Cup players
2018 FIFA World Cup players
2019 AFC Asian Cup players
Asian Games competitors for Iran
Iranian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Germany
Expatriate footballers in Greece
Iranian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Iranian expatriate sportspeople in

masks: Hajsafi Hajsafi


texts:
<mask> (22 December 1821 – 7 July 1889), was an Italian Romantic composer, conductor, and a double bass virtuoso. Biography

Born in Crema, Lombardy, he was taught the rudiments of music by his father, an accomplished clarinetist and composer, at a young age and had played timpani in Crema with the Teatro Sociale before the age of eleven. He studied violin with Carlo Cogliati, and probably would have continued on this instrument except for a unique turn of events. His father sought a place for him in the Milan Conservatory, but due to the <mask> family's lack of money, <mask> needed a scholarship. Only two positions were available: double bass and bassoon. He prepared a successful audition for the double bass scholarship in a matter of weeks. At the conservatory, he studied with Luigi Rossi, to whom he would later dedicate his Tre grandi duetti per contrabasso.Only four years later, a surprisingly short time by the standards of the day, he left with a prize of 300 francs for solo playing. This money financed the acquisition of an instrument of Carlo Giuseppe Testore, and a globe-trotting career as "the Paganini of the Double Bass" was launched. On leaving Milan, he spent some time in America and also occupied the position of principal double-bass in the Italian opera at Havana, where he later became director. Here his first opera, Cristoforo Colombo, was produced in 1847. In 1849 he made his first appearance in England, playing double bass solos at one of the Musical Union concerts. After this he made frequent visits to England, and his extraordinary

masks:
Giovanni Bottesini
Bottesini
Bottesini


texts: command of his unwieldy instrument gained him great popularity in London and the provinces. Apart from his triumphs as a performer, <mask> was a conductor of European reputation, and was conductor at the Théâtre des Italiens in Paris from 1855 to 1857 where his second opera, L'Assedio di Firenze, was produced in 1856.In 1861 and 1862 he conducted in Palermo, supervising the production of his opera Marion Delorme in 1862, and in 1863 in Barcelona. During these years he diversified the toils of conducting by repeated concert tours through Europe. In 1871 he conducted a season of Italian opera at the Lyceum theatre in London, during which his opera Ali Babà was produced, and he was chosen by Verdi to conduct the first performance of Aida, which took place at Cairo on 24 December 1871. When conducting opera, <mask> would frequently bring his double bass on stage during the intermission to play fantasies on the evening's opera. His fantasies on Lucia di Lammermoor, I puritani and Beatrice di Tenda are virtuosic tours de force that are still popular with those who are highly accomplished on the instrument. <mask> wrote three operas besides those previously mentioned: Il Diavolo della Notte (Milan, 1859); Vinciguerra (Paris, 1870); and Ero e Leandro (Turin, 1880), the last named to a libretto by Arrigo Boito, which was subsequently set by Luigi Mancinelli. He also wrote The Garden of Olivet, a devotional oratorio (libretto by Joseph Bennett), which was produced at the Norwich festival in 1887, eleven string quartets, a quintet for string quartet and double

masks: Bottesini Bottesini Bottesini


texts:
 bass, and many works for the double bass, including two concertos for solo double bass, the Gran Duo Concertante (originally) for two double basses, Passione Amorosa for two double basses, numerous pieces for double bass and piano, and an instructional book ("Complete Method for Double Bass").Shortly before his death, in 1888 he was appointed director of Parma Conservatory on Verdi's recommendation. <mask> died in Parma on 7 July 1889. His solo works remain standard repertoire for accomplished double bassists to this day. <mask> was a freemason, initiated 20 June 1849, in the Bank of England Lodge No. 263, London. The Paganini of the double bass

<mask> was widely acclaimed, and his virtuosic skill in the bass paralleled that of Paganini himself on the violin. Because of the contributions of <mask> (along with those of Sperger and Dragonetti) to bass technique, many have come to view the double bass as a diverse and versatile instrument.Most notably there are many virtuoso bass players who draw inspiration from the early renaissance of the double bass. <mask>'s bass was said to be a unique instrument with a remarkable sound. It was built by Carlo Antonio Testore in 1716. The instrument was owned by several unknown bass players. It nearly met its end in the 1830s as it sat backstage in a marionette theater in Milan. <mask> purchased the Testore in 1838 for 900 lire. The Testore bass was later converted back to a four-stringed instrument, and then to a three.Eventually, it was changed back to a four-string configuration and is now in the possession of a

masks: Bottesini Bottesini Bottesini Bottesini Bottesini Bottesini


texts:
 private collector in Japan. <mask> was also one of the first performers to adopt the French-style bow grip for the double bass. This style was previously used solely by violinists, violists and cellists. List of selected works

Selected works for solo double bass
Adagio melanconico e appassionato
Allegretto Capriccio "Alla Chopin"
Allegro di Concerto "Alla Mendelssohn" (aka "Gran Allegro")
Capriccio Di Bravura
Concerto Di Bravura No.1 [Concerto No.1] (1840)
Concerto/Concertino No. 2 in B minor for double bass and orchestra [Concerto No.2] (1853)
Concerto in F minor [Concerto No.3] (1871) for double bass and orchestra. Accidentally miscredited or published as concerto No.1 (also known as Concerto for Students in some publications/arrangements/lower transpositions, studienkonzert in German publications)
Gran Duo Concertante
Gran Duo for clarinet in A and bass and orchestra
 Duo for cello and double bass – Rossini
Elegia in re no. 1
Elegia No.2, "Romanza Drammatica"
Elegia No. 3, "Romanza Patetica"
Fantasia sulla "Beatrice di Tenda" di Bellini
Fantasia sulla "Cerrito"
Fantasia sulla "La Sonnambula" di Bellini
Fantasia sulla "Norma" di Bellini
Fantasia sulla "Straniera" di Bellini
Fantasia sulla "Lucia de Lammermoor" di Gaetano Donizetti
Fantasia sulla "I Puritani" di Bellini
Gran Duo Passione Amorosa per due contrabassi
Introduzione e Bolero
Introduzione e Fuge
Introduzione e Gavotta
Introduzione e Variazione di "Carnivale di Venezia" di Rossini
Meditazione (Aria di Bach) (an arrangement of the Air from Bach's Orchestral Suite in D major)
Melodia No.


texts:
 1
Melodia No. 2
Rêverie (originally for violoncello and orchestra)
Tarantella in la minore (frequently paired with Elegia No. 1 and referred to as Elegia e Tarantella. Numerous manuscripts by Bottesini himself show that these two pieces were clearly intended to be performed together)
Tre gran due per contrabassi
Variazione sulla "Nel cor più non mi sento" di Paisiello

Other chamber music
Tutto il mondo serra – soprano, double bass and piano
Un Bacio solo – soprano, double bass and piano
Guardami ancor – soprano, double bass and piano
È il pianto del mio cor – soprano, double bass and piano
Canta Roberto! – soprano, double bass and piano
Retourner a la paix des champs – soprano, double bass and piano
Une bouche Aimée – soprano, double bass and piano
Duetto – clarinet, double bass and piano

Notes

References

External links
The Bottesini Urtext Project
Bottesini's Catalogue
Books and Resources on Bottesini

"Bottesini, Giovanni", by Alberto Pironti, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, via Treccani
bottesini.com

Complete Method for Double Bass by Bottesini
In Search of Bottesini, Thomas and George Martin

1821 births
1889 deaths
19th-century classical composers
19th-century male conductors (music)
19th-century conductors (music)
Composers for double bass
Honorary Members of the Royal Philharmonic Society
Italian classical composers
Italian classical double-bassists
Italian conductors (music)
Italian male conductors (music)
Italian male classical composers
Italian Romantic composers
Male double-bassists
Milan Conservatory alumni
People from Crema,


texts:
<mask> (born 21 July 1963) has been the Chief Rabbi of Moscow, Russia since 1993. serving at the Moscow Choral Synagogue. He also founded and heads the Moscow Rabbinical court of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) since 1989, and since 2011 serves as President of the Conference of European Rabbis (CER) which unites over seven hundred communal rabbis from Dublin to Khabarovsk. Biography
Rabbi <mask>, who was born in Zurich, Switzerland, is a central figure in the Russian Jewish community and has served as Chief Rabbi of Moscow since 1993. He is the spiritual leader of the central synagogue of Moscow and founded and heads the Moscow Rabbinical Court of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). He is a senior figure in the Congress of the Jewish Religious Organizations and Associations in Russia, a major umbrella organization of Jewish communities in Russia. In 1990 he created the guidelines in conjunction with the Israeli Ministry of Interior to reconfirm Jews who have hidden their Jewish identity during Soviet times. Goldschmidt arrived in Russia in 1989 and began playing an instrumental role in re-establishing Jewish life and the communal structures of the community, including schools, kindergartens, a rabbinical court, a burial society, kosher restaurants, soup kitchens, rabbinical schools and political umbrella structures, such as the Russian Jewish Congress and the Congress of the Jewish Religious Organizations and Associations in Russia (CJROAR).Goldschmidt represents the Russian Jewish community politically. He published op-eds in the international press pertaining to the issues of the day. He has also addressed the US Senate, the EU Parliament, the Council of Europe, the Israeli Knesset, Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu's  "Neeman Commission", Oxford University, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Berlin Conference on anti-Semitism, and Harvard University, discussing the state of the Jewish Community and threats to it. In January 2005, five hundred people, including

masks:
Pinchas Goldschmidt
Pinchas Goldschmidt


texts: newspaper editors, public intellectuals and 19 Duma deputies published an appeal to the Prosecutor General of Russia. The petitioners called for the closure of Jewish organized life in Russia. A subsequent television call-in show, during which 100,000 people phoned in, revealed that 54% of the participants supported the idea of banning all Jewish organizations in Russia. Goldschmidt wrote a detailed response to all the accusations and addressed the letter to Dmitriy Rogozin, leader of the nationalist Rodina (Motherland) party, who, after receiving Goldschmidt's letter, apologized and distanced himself from the petition.Goldschmidt was deported from Russia during September 2005, but was allowed to return to the community after three months, after an international campaign. In 2010 by special order of Russia's president, Dmitry Medvedev, he was made a citizen of Russia. He takes an active part in interfaith dialogue gatherings with Christians and Muslims in New York, Paris, Astana, Seville, Vienna and Moscow. He also leads the Conference of European Rabbis, a rabbinical umbrella group of Europe (uniting four hundred rabbis from Dublin to Khabarovsk) as the Chairman of the Standing Committee. Goldschmidt, besides his rabbinical ordination, possesses an MA from Ner Israel Rabbinical College, as well as a MS from Johns Hopkins University. He also studied at Ponevezh Yeshiva, (1979–1981), Telshe Yeshiva, Chicago, Il (1981–1982), Shevet Umechokek Institute for Rabbinical Judges headed by Rabbi Zalman Nechemia Goldberg, (1985–1986) and Harry Fischel Institute for Talmudic Research, Jerusalem, Israel (1986–1987). He has authored articles on issues of Jewish law regarding post-Soviet Jewry and has published a collection of responsas with a compilation of Russian Jewish names "Zikaron Basefer", (Moscow 1996).<mask> has been awarded Certification as candidate for the Position of Chief Rabbi in Israel or in one of the cities in Israel by the Council of the Chief Rabbinate of Israel in the year 2002. <mask> is married

masks:
Rabbi Goldschmidt
Rabbi Goldschmidt


texts:
 and has seven children. In the spring of 2009, Goldschmidt was Visiting Scholar at the Davis Center in Harvard. Since July 2011, Goldschmidt is the new president of the Conference of European Rabbis. He was elected by the CER's Standing Committee meeting in London and succeeds the former Chief Rabbi of France (1987–2009), Joseph Sitruk, who had held the post since 1999. Only the fourth president of the CER in its 54-year history, <mask> is the first to hold the post from outside Western Europe. In his role as president of the CER, Goldschmidt has focused on ensuring Jewish continuity in Europe, as well as fighting legislation across European countries against ritual slaughter and circumcision.Under Goldschmidt, the CER has also engaged in interfaith dialogue and was a leading figure in authoring and gaining endorsement for the 2016 document “From Jerusalem to Rome”, the first Jewish theological response to the Catholic church’s Nostra Aetate, issued 51 years ago, which repudiated the notion of the collective guilt of the Jewish people for Jesus’s death. The rabbi also established the Muslim Jewish Leadership Council to help create a dialogue between Europe’s Muslims and Jews and to renew respect and appreciation of religious identities. On July 27, 2016 the Government of the French Republic awarded to Rabbi <mask> Goldschmidt the title of Chevalier of the National Order of the Legion of Honor for his paramount contribution to the strengthening of relations between Russia and France. The Jerusalem Post in its yearly list of the fifty most influential Jews in the world, in 2018 placed Rabbi Goldschmidt on 31st place. In November 2018 Rabbi Goldschmidt has made an appeal to Israel and the Jewish world to stay away from nationalistic, populist and xenophobe parties and not to encourage controversial relationships in exchange for loud defences of the Jewish State and unacceptable declarations of friendship. References

External links
Reportsbetsygidwitz.com

Russian rabbis
Swiss rabbis
1963 births
Living

masks:
Rabbi Goldschmidt
Pinchas


texts:
Rudolph "<mask><mask> ( ; January 20, 1928 – November 1, 2019) was a United States Navy SEAL, and two-time competitor on the reality competition show Survivor. Born and raised in Rochester, New York, <mask> enlisted in the United States Navy at age 17. He became an Underwater Demolition Team (UDT) Frogman in 1951, serving on two UDT Teams. He was chosen as one of the first SEALs, becoming chief of the boat of newly created SEAL Team TWO in 1962. Starting in 1968 and 1970, <mask> completed two combat deployments during the Vietnam War, where he earned the Bronze Star for heroic action. During that time and later, <mask> set physical and operational standards at SEAL Team TWO. In 1987, he became Senior Enlisted Advisor for United States Special Operations Command.Designated the "Bullfrog", the longest-serving SEAL still on active duty, <mask> achieved considerable renown within the force for his physical fitness training regimens and his military appearance. After 45 years of continuous service, he retired from the Navy in 1990 as a master chief petty officer. The oldest competitor on the inaugural Survivor: Borneo at 72 years of age, <mask> finished in third place. The program was the top-rated show on American television during summer 2000, and with his gruff, cantankerous manner, and his politically incorrect "Rudyisms", he became one of the show's most popular contestants. <mask> set the age record again when he competed on Survivor: All-Stars at 75. He parlayed his fame into several other television appearances, including hosting the show Combat Missions in 2002. Early life
<mask> was born in Rochester, New York on January 20, 1928, the son

masks:
Rudy
" Ernst Boesch
Boesch
Boesch
Boesch
Boesch
Boesch
Boesch
Boesch


texts:
 of Austrian immigrants Clara (a housewife) and August (a butcher).<mask> credited his parents' Central European upbringing for instilling him with discipline and work ethic. He attended a Catholic primary school in Rochester; he later recalled that the nuns teaching there "beat intelligence into you. We did a little bit of everything – arithmetic, geography, honesty. Those were the things we learned." <mask>'s father fought for the German Army during World War I, inspiring him to seek military service as well. Military career
Too young to join the Marines, <mask> dropped out of high school and enlisted in the United States Navy in April 1945 at age 17. Following boot camp at Naval Training Station Sampson in New York, he volunteered for the Amphibious Scouts and Raiders at Fort Pierce, Florida, where he was tentatively assigned to conduct covert reconnaissance of China's coastline.The Second World War ended before the training completed, but he was still sent to China. For a while he and a few others guarded a decommissioned ship in Victoria Harbour, Hong Kong. He then had a stint as a boatswain's mate (BM) on board USS Massey, a destroyer ported on the Chinese coast. That was followed by a period of shore duty in London. He volunteered for UDT Frogman training in late 1950, graduating in Underwater Demolition Team Replacement Class #6 in 1951. <mask> met his future wife, Marge, at a wedding circa 1950–1951. They married in 1955 and had three daughters in the following years.Meanwhile, he served in UDT Team 2 and later UDT Team 21 alongside Richard Marcinko. In 1962, Roy Boehm selected <mask>, a Chief Boatswain's Mate (BMC), to be chief of the

masks: Boesch Boesch Boesch Boesch Boesch


texts: boat of newly created SEAL Team Two. One of the first opportunities for the team came later that year during the Cuban Missile Crisis, when they were put on alert for possible action. Orr Kelly's 1995 Never Fight Fair: Navy SEALs' Stories of Combat and Adventure contains a description by Marcinko, also a member of the team, of a near-suicidal mission that never took place – to parachute into Havana Harbor and attack strategic targets – and of Boesch fielding direct calls from President John F. Kennedy inquiring as to their readiness. In 1967, <mask> was promoted to the rank of Master Chief Petty Officer. In 1968, <mask> was sent on a combat deployment to the Vietnam War, as a platoon chief based in Mỹ Tho in the Mekong Delta. The general combat mission of SEALs in Vietnam was to do intelligence gathering and to conduct raids and ambushes and make prisoner grabs.In <mask>'s own 1995 retelling, he did all those things on that tour. In the 2010 Vietnam-era memoir SEAL Warrior: The Only Easy Day Was Yesterday, Thomas Keith describes <mask> leading a platoon in nighttime ambush raids against the Viet Cong during the war, operating in the delta and using LCM-8 "Mike boats" for access. <mask> earned the Bronze Star for heroic action during more than 45 combat operations. Another primary mission for SEALs during the conflict was to train South Vietnamese special forces. When <mask> deployed to Vietnam again, in 1970, as he later related, he was sent to Cam Ranh Bay, where he conducted training for the Liên Đoàn Người Nhái, the South Vietnamese equivalent of the UDT, as part of the so-called "Vietnamization" strategy. <mask> later concluded that these

masks: Boesch Boesch Boesch Boesch Boesch Boesch Boesch


texts: allied forces were capable, but overly dependent upon the U.S., and that "Vietnamization was an idea that came too late to do enough good." Between the Vietnam deployments, Boesch trained and competed for the U.S. Navy's bobsled team.One was the Kennedy Memorial Winter Games in Lake Placid, New York, in early 1970. <mask> also competed with the Hurricane Bobsled Club of the Adirondacks in competitions at Lake Placid. During and after his stint in Vietnam, <mask> set physical and operational standards at SEAL Team Two. With the creation of Special Operations Command (SOCOM) in 1987, its first Commander-in-chief General James J. Lindsay selected BMCM <mask> to serve as SOCOM's first Senior Enlisted Advisor. Before his retirement, <mask> was designated the "Chief SEAL" (a.k.a. "Bullfrog"), a title identifying the longest-serving SEAL still on active duty. Upon his retirement from the Navy on August 1, 1990, as a command master chief petty officer, he was awarded the Defense Superior Service Medal.<mask>'s time and character as a SEAL has been described in a number of books and other publications. Editor Bill Fawcett included his story as the opening, 30-page recollection in his 1995 Hunters & Shooters: An Oral History of the U.S. Navy SEALs in Vietnam. Orr Kelly's aforementioned 1995 volume included descriptions by <mask> (and Marge as well) of their parachuting experiences, along with a few of <mask>'s recollections of Vietnam. In his 1998 memoir, Good to Go: The Life and Times of a Decorated Member of the U.S. Navy's Elite SEAL Team Two, former SEAL Harry Constance describes Boesch as giving a no-nonsense introduction to SEALs in training and

masks: Boesch Boesch Boesch Boesch Boesch Rudy Rudy


texts: then later giving him informal advice not to take a posting that would involve troublesome superiors. A 1999 documentary on the SEALs on the History channel featured Boesch (it was released later that year as the DVD The Complete History of the U.S. Navy SEALs). In an early 2000s interview, a SEAL said that Boesch was "a walking Bible on Special Operations." In his aforementioned 2010 memoir, Thomas Keith portrayed Boesch as a master of the military art of gathering resources: "From weapons to the men who would use them, <mask> could scrounge like nobody else in the SEAL Teams.He wasn't going to let anything or anybody get in the way of putting together the best platoon he could build, beg, borrow, coerce, or dig out of the Operations Department." <mask> was a physical training fanatic whose dog tag listed "PT" as his religion and who through the decades gained a reputation for leading grueling runs that men would look for ways to avoid by faking injuries or hiding in bushes. In former SEAL James Watson's 1995 memoir Point Man, he states of 1964 training that, "We had to be physically fit to perform what was expected of us. And for all our trying [to get out of the runs], <mask> made sure that we stayed in condition." Kevin Dockery's 2003 work Navy Seals: A History Part III – Post-Vietnam to the Present includes three different SEALs relating how, when Boesch was 50 to 57 years old, he could keep up with or surpass trainees less than half his age in five-mile runs, obstacle courses, and open sea swimming. In his 2011 memoir, SEAL Team Six: Memoirs of an Elite Navy SEAL Sniper, former SEAL Howard E. Wasdin tells of being assigned to SEAL Team TWO

masks:
Rudy
Boesch
Rudy Boesch


texts:
 in the late 1980s, where Boesch, though nearly 60 years old, nevertheless ran with the trainees over an obstacle course; he then made every person who finished behind him run it again. Even <mask>'s physical appearance made a mark:  Wasdin refers to him as an exemplar of military form; another account talks of his haircut and uniform being perfect at 5 or 6 o'clock in the morning; and, in 2002's One Perfect Op, former SEAL Dennis Chalker said that, among SEALs based on the U.S. East Coast in the late 1970s, the style was known as a "<mask>esch haircut", an even more severe version of the normal military crew cut.Overall, in his history of SEAL operations in Vietnam, former SEAL T.L. Bosiljevac writes that <mask> symbolizes much of what the SEAL teams represent and that, "There are a lot of colorful personalities among the teams, but even considering the best of those, <mask> is a legend. Everybody knows <mask>, and you can bet that <mask> knows everyone in return ... [including] some of the Navy's top brass." Several of these other accounts have also referred to <mask> as a legend within the SEALs. Survivor: Borneo
In 2000, <mask> appeared in Survivor: Borneo, the name later assigned to the inaugural season of the U.S. version of Survivor, filmed on the remote Malaysian island of Pulau Tiga. Initially placed with Tagi tribe, he befriended the former West Point student Richard Hatch. Despite his discomfort with Hatch's homosexuality and penchant for nudity, <mask> aligned with Hatch and admonished his tribemates to "shut up and let [Hatch] lead."Despite his earlier life of athleticism, <mask> struggled against the ageism of the younger castaways

masks:
Boesch
Rudy Bo
Boesch
Rudy Boesch
Rudy
Rudy
Boesch
Boesch
Boesch
Boesch


texts: and needed Richard's alliance for his own safety. <mask> found his niche in camp life cooking for his tribe, using the resourcefulness learned from his tours in Vietnam. His preparation area was dubbed "Rowdy <mask>'s Diner". While his tribemates relied on boiling water to avoid pathogens, he drank unpurified water, advising, "If I'm not still standing at noon, don't drink it", and explaining that his lack of fear was based on his having drunk much fouler water in Vietnam. At the final challenge for tribal immunity, he single-handedly sprinted with a heavy wooden chest across the beach to seal his tribe's victory. He also won an individual immunity challenge by defeating the other competitors on a human-sized checkerboard. Going into the final immunity challenge, <mask> was the most popular player remaining in the game.Thus, he was the favorite to win the million-dollar prize provided he made it to the final Tribal Council. Host Jeff Probst and the show's production staff thought <mask> was likely to win the final challenge and the game. In the final challenge, competitors had to stand in the hot sun for hours while touching an idol. Richard made a strategic move to drop out of the challenge early, while <mask> fatigued himself by competing for four hours, before inadvertently dropping his hand from the idol, which led to his elimination. This left 23-year-old Kelly Wiglesworth the challenge victor, and she voted <mask> out of the game as she believed she had a better chance of defeating Hatch than <mask> at the Final Tribal Council. Despite his resentment about Hatch's move, <mask> still voted for Hatch at the final tribal council, so Hatch

masks: Boesch Rudy Rudy Rudy Rudy Boesch Boesch Boesch


texts: became the first Survivor winner. The  Boesch weakened physically during the castaway experience, losing  off his SEALs-era weight of  that he started the show with, but unlike some of the other contestants, he did not get sick.He later said, "the real survival part [for me] was putting up with the young kids who were there. I don't speak their language." The summer series had become the top-rated show on American television and the finale was watched by over 50 million people. As the show's episodes aired, <mask> became one of the cast's most popular contestants, and his appeal extended across all demographic groups. The "<mask>" persona was based around his gruff, cantankerous manner, his flattop haircut and stoic approach to life on the island, and to his being a man of his word. Blunt about survival needs, the Catholic, but non-church-attending <mask> memorably said that the only use for the Bible on the island was as toilet paper. His politically incorrect statements became known as "Rudyisms" and made him even more popular.By the time the final episode arrived and four contestants were left, 69 percent of the viewing public wanted <mask> to win. After the airing of the show, while praising Hatch as "forthright, trustworthy" and "humorous and kind-hearted," <mask> became publicly known for how he would always qualify his respect for Hatch with comments such as "we've become real good friends, but not in a homosexual way." Boesch would proclaim in front of the cameras, "I wouldn't allow Hatch in my home; wouldn't allow him to meet my family" and, referring to when some Green Berets came to build an obstacle course, "When them Green Berets

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 were here, I made sure they knew Hatch was queer." Following the initial season of Survivor, there were two elements of controversy raised that involved Boesch. One was a claim from a voted-out contestant that show producer Mark Burnett had at one point influenced tribal council members to vote her out and not <mask>, because he had more appeal to viewers. This was adamantly denied by Burnett and CBS. Another was a claim from a different cast member that Boesch had told them that he had known Burnett before the show.By some accounts, <mask> had been cast by responding to a newspaper advertisement. However, he had also previously worked in 1996 as part of the logistics team for Burnett's earlier adventure race show Eco-Challenge. <mask> said several hundred others had also worked on the show in that capacity and that he had not known Burnett personally, and Burnett said he had not realized <mask>'s earlier involvement until after Survivor had begun. Post-Survivor fame

<mask> earned $85,000 for his third-place finish on Survivor and shared the money with his three daughters. But such was the immediate impact of the show that <mask> hired two agents to manage his personal appearances, which included magazine covers, talk shows, television commercials, and Survivor discussion panels. <mask> was honored by both his hometown of Virginia Beach as well as by the Commonwealth of Virginia, where he received a standing ovation in the Virginia House of Delegates after they passed a resolution commending his service. In November 2000, <mask> was included in People magazine's annual "Sexiest Man Alive" issue as the "Sexiest Survivor", reflecting the number

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texts: of female fans he had garnered.In February 2001, Blue Box Toys put out a  action figure of <mask> for its Elite Force Military History collection. He was also licensed to appear in a Survivor slot machine from WMS Gaming, wherein (when it came out several years later) if you hit his bonus, it shows a clip of him from the show. His book The Book of Rudy: The Wit and Wisdom of <mask>, written with the assistance of Jeff Herman, was published later in 2001 and he went on a twelve-city book tour to promote it. Neither an account of his time on Survivor nor a full biography, it was instead a collection of thoughts on various subjects. In 2000, he appeared in the JAG television series episode "The Princess and the Petty Officer" as Rear Admiral (and then head of JAG) A.J. Chegwidden's Navy SEAL instructor. In 2001 he hosted the History channel's Modern Marvels installment Survivor Guide Week.His role consisted of standing in a desert and introducing experts who explained how to cope in a variety of survival scenarios. <mask> later hosted Combat Missions, a Mark Burnett-produced reality series that aired on the USA Network in 2002. He served as the titular commandant of "Camp Windstorm", the garrison location in the Mojave Desert where the show took place. Variety wrote that his hosting duties were "one-dimensional" and that, "Looking menacing and acting rigorous, his only job is to explain rules and oversee discharges." As someone who would never consider an acting career, <mask> felt challenged with the scripted lines given to him both on JAG and Combat Missions. Citing his inability to memorize dialogue, he explained "anything over five words, I'm

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 mumbling." He expressed that people recognized him wherever he goes, and that he was surprised his 15 minutes of fame had lasted this long.Survivor: All-Stars and later activities
In 2004, <mask> appeared in Survivor: All-Stars, set on the Pearl Islands of Panama. At age 75, <mask> was the oldest contestant ever, topping the record he set four years prior. Initially placed in the Saboga tribe, he formed an early alliance with Rupert Boneham and again drank potentially tainted water. After he complained of pain from an injured ankle and the tribe lost its second straight immunity challenge, other members became concerned about his age and ability to compete. In a 3–to–2 decision, he became the second person voted off the show placing 17th. <mask>'s career had become known enough that mentions of him were included in novels about SEALs, including S. M. Gunn's 2004 SEALs Sub Strike: Operation Black Snow and Charles Ingram's 2007 Deep Siege. His uniform is on display at the National Navy UDT-SEAL Museum in Florida, a reflection both of his record-setting service with the SEALs and his fame from Survivor.<mask>'s wife of 53 years, Marge, died on November 1, 2008, following a long illness. Survivor: Gabon showed an "In Memory" dedication to Marge during its 8th episode. <mask> remained one of the most popular contestants among Survivor viewers, with a survey of them after the show's first ten seasons placing him among the top ten contestants. In 2013, Survivor fan site "Survivor Oz" ranked <mask> as among the top 25 greatest players of all time, at #23. In 2015, <mask> was one of three inductees into Xfinity's "Survivor Hall of Fame," alongside Jerri


texts:
 Manthey and Benjamin "Coach" Wade. In a 2015 retrospective interview, Probst said that the first season's outcome, when the "most likable and root-worthy guy" <mask> failed to win and the villainous Hatch did, established that the game's appeal to viewers did not depend upon the personal qualities of the victor and helped explain the show's long-lasting appeal. On October 27, 2010, <mask> was one of 14 initial inductees to the Commando Hall of Honor at Macdill Air Force Base.<mask> hosted the annual Rudy Run SEAL Challenge on Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek to raise funds for the charity Naval Special Warfare Foundation. He was represented by the Premier Speakers Bureau. <mask>'s perceived slurs towards homosexuals irked some, going back to the initial Survivor season. He was criticized for ostensibly homophobic comments he made both in 2012 at the 50th Anniversary of the SEALs and in 2013 at the season finale of Survivor: Caramoan. By 2015, <mask> was living in a retirement community in Virginia Beach and leading his fellow residents in exercise-based activities. Death
By August 2019, <mask> suffered from Alzheimer's disease and required around-the-clock care. False reports of his demise surfaced on August 1, 2019, which were debunked by his family.<mask> died on November 1, 2019, at age 91. The New York Times summarized his fame as "An ex-Navy man, he was the oldest, and probably bluntest, castaway ever to appear on CBS’s popular reality show, becoming a Season 1 fan favorite." Host Jeff Probst posted on Twitter, "The Survivor family has lost a legend. ... He is one [of] the most iconic and adored players of all time. And he served our


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 country as a 45-year Navy SEAL. <mask> is a true American hero."The November 6, 2019 episode of Survivor: Island of the Idols included a brief, silent screen in tribute to him at the end of the episode. Notes

References

Citations

Sources

External links

<mask>ch biography for Survivor
Rudolph E<mask> Collection: Veterans History Project at American Folklife Center

1928 births
2019 deaths
American male bobsledders
United States Navy personnel of the Vietnam War
American people of Austrian descent
Neurological disease deaths in Virginia
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Military personnel from Rochester, New York
People from Virginia Beach, Virginia
Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal
Survivor (American TV series) contestants
United States Navy chiefs
United States Navy SEALs personnel
United States Navy personnel of World War

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<mask> ( , ; 16 June 1901 – 29 June 1991) was a French Marxist philosopher and sociologist, best known for pioneering the critique of everyday life, for introducing the concepts of the right to the city and the production of social space, and for his work on dialectical materialism, alienation, and criticism of Stalinism, existentialism, and structuralism. In his prolific career, Lefebvre wrote more than sixty books and three hundred articles. He founded or took part in the founding of several intellectual and academic journals such as Philosophies, La Revue Marxiste, Arguments, Socialisme ou Barbarie, Espaces et Sociétés. Biography
<mask> was born in Hagetmau, Landes, France. He studied philosophy at the University of Paris (the Sorbonne), graduating in 1920. By 1924 he was working with Paul Nizan, Norbert Guterman, Georges Friedmann, Georges Politzer, and Pierre Morhange in the Philosophies group seeking a "philosophical revolution". This brought them into contact with the Surrealists, Dadaists, and other groups, before they moved towards the French Communist Party (PCF).<mask> joined the PCF in 1928 and became one of the most prominent French Marxist intellectuals during the second quarter of the 20th century, before joining the French resistance. From 1944 to 1949, he was the director of Radiodiffusion Française, a French radio broadcaster in Toulouse. Among his works was a highly influential, anti-Stalinist text on dialectics called Dialectical Materialism (1940). Seven years later, <mask> published his first volume of The Critique of Everyday Life. His early work

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texts: on method was applauded and borrowed centrally by the philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre in Critique of Dialectical Reason (1960). During <mask>'s thirty-year stint with the PCF, he was chosen to publish critical attacks on opposed theorists, especially existentialists like Sartre and Lefebvre's former colleague Nizan, only to intentionally get himself expelled from the party for his own heterodox theoretical and political opinions in the late 1950s. He then went from serving as a primary intellectual for the PCF to becoming one of France's most important critics of the PCF's politics (e.g.immediately, the lack of an opinion on Algeria, and more generally, the partial apologism for and continuation of Stalinism) and intellectual thought (i.e. structuralism, especially the work of Louis Althusser). In 1961, <mask> became professor of sociology at the University of Strasbourg, before joining the faculty at the new university at Nanterre in 1965. He was one of the most respected professors, and he had influenced and analysed the May 1968 student revolt. <mask> introduced the concept of the right to the city in his 1968 book Le Droit à la ville (the publication of the book predates the May 1968 revolts which took place in many French cities). Following the publication of this book, Lefebvre wrote several influential works on cities, urbanism, and space, including The Production of Space (1974), which became one of the most influential and heavily cited works of urban theory. By the 1970s, Lefebvre had also published some of the first critical statements on the work of

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 post-structuralists, especially Michel Foucault.During the following years he was involved in the editorial group of Arguments, a New Left magazine which largely served to enable the French public to familiarize themselves with Central European revisionism. <mask> died in 1991. In his obituary, Radical Philosophy magazine honored his long and complex career and influence:

The critique of everyday life

One of Lefebvre's most important contributions to social thought is the idea of the "critique of everyday life", which he pioneered in the 1930s. <mask> defined everyday life dialectically as the intersection of "illusion and truth, power and helplessness; the intersection of the sector man controls and the sector he does not control", and is where the perpetually transformative conflict occurs between diverse, specific rhythms: the body's polyrhythmic bundles of natural rhythms, physiological (natural) rhythms, and social rhythms (Lefebvre and Régulier, 1985: 73). The everyday was, in short, the space in which all life occurred, and between which all fragmented activities took place. It was the residual. While the theme presented itself in many works, it was most notably outlined in his eponymous three-volume study, which came out in individual installments, decades apart, in 1947, 1961, and 1981.Lefebvre argued that everyday life was an underdeveloped sector compared to technology and production, and moreover that in the mid 20th century, capitalism changed such that everyday life was to be colonized—turned into a zone of sheer consumption. In this zone of

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 everydayness (boredom) shared by everyone in society regardless of class or specialty, autocritique of everyday realities of boredom vs. societal promises of free time and leisure, could lead to people understanding and then revolutionizing their everyday lives. This was essential to <mask> because everyday life was where he saw capitalism surviving and reproducing itself. Without revolutionizing everyday life, capitalism would continue to diminish the quality of everyday life, and inhibit real self-expression. The critique of everyday life was crucial because it was for him only through the development of the conditions of human life—rather than abstract control of productive forces—that humans could reach a concrete utopian existence. Lefebvre's work on everyday life was heavily influential in French theory, particularly for the Situationists, as well as in politics (e.g. for the May 1968 student revolts).The third volume has also recently influenced scholars writing about digital technology and information in the present day, since it has a section dealing with this topic at length, including analysis of the  (1977); key aspects of information theory; and other general discussion of the "colonisation" of everyday life through information communication technologies as "devices" or "services". The social production of space
Lefebvre dedicated a great deal of his philosophical writings to understanding the importance of (the production of) space in what he called the reproduction of social relations of production. This idea is the central argument in the book The


texts: Survival of Capitalism, written as a sort of prelude to  (1974) (The Production of Space). These works have deeply influenced current urban theory, mainly within human geography, as seen in the current work of authors such as David Harvey, Dolores Hayden, and Edward Soja, and in the contemporary discussions around the notion of spatial justice. <mask> is widely recognized as a Marxist thinker who was responsible for widening considerably the scope of Marxist theory, embracing everyday life and the contemporary meanings and implications of the ever-expanding reach of the urban in the western world throughout the 20th century. The generalization of industry, and its relation to cities (which is treated in ), The Right to the City and The Urban Revolution were all themes of Lefebvre's writings in the late 1960s, which was concerned, among other aspects, with the deep transformation of "the city" into "the urban" which culminated in its omnipresence (the "complete urbanization of society"). <mask> contends that there are different modes of production of space (i.e.spatialization) from natural space ('absolute space') to more complex spaces and flows whose meaning is produced in a social way (i.e. social space). <mask> analyzes each historical mode as a three-part dialectic between everyday practices and perceptions (), representations or theories of space () and the spatial imaginary of the time (). <mask>'s argument in The Production of Space is that space is a social product, or a complex social construction (based on values, and the social production of meanings) which

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texts: affects spatial practices and perceptions. This argument implies the shift of the research perspective from space to processes of its production; the embrace of the multiplicity of spaces that are socially produced and made productive in social practices; and the focus on the contradictory, conflictual, and, ultimately, political character of the processes of production of space. As a Marxist theorist (but highly critical of the economic structuralism that dominated the academic discourse in his period), <mask> argues that this social production of urban space is fundamental to the reproduction of society, hence of capitalism itself. The social production of space is commanded by a hegemonic class as a tool to reproduce its dominance (see Antonio Gramsci).Lefebvre argued that every society—and, therefore, every mode of production—produces a certain space, its own space. The city of the ancient world cannot be understood as a simple agglomeration of people and things in space—it had its own spatial practice, making its own space (which was suitable for itself—Lefebvre argues that the intellectual climate of the city in the ancient world was very much related to the social production of its spatiality). Then if every society produces its own space, any "social existence" aspiring to be or declaring itself to be real, but not producing its own space, would be a strange entity, a very peculiar abstraction incapable of escaping the ideological or even cultural spheres. Based on this argument, Lefebvre criticized Soviet urban planners on the basis that they failed to


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 produce a socialist space, having just reproduced the modernist model of urban design (interventions on physical space, which were insufficient to grasp social space) and applied it onto that context:

Criticism and response
In his book The Urban Question, Manuel Castells criticizes Lefebvre's Marxist humanism and approach to the city influenced by Hegel and Nietzsche. Castells' political criticisms of Lefebvre's approach to Marxism echoed the structuralist Scientific Marxism school of Louis Althusser of which Lefebvre was an immediate critic. Many responses to Castells are provided in The Survival of Capitalism, and some such as Andy Merrifield argue that the acceptance of those critiques in the academic world would be a motive for Lefebvre's effort in writing the long and theoretically dense The Production of Space. In "Actually-Existing Success: Economics, Aesthetics, and the Specificity of (Still-)Socialist Urbanism," Michal Murawski critiques Lefebvre's dismissal of actually existing socialism by showing how socialist states produced differential space.Bibliography
1925 "Positions d'attaque et de défense du nouveau mysticisme", Philosophies 5–6 (March). pp. 471–506. (Pt. 2 of the "Philosophy of Consciousness" (Philosophie de la conscience) project on being, consciousness and identity, originally proposed as a DES thesis to Léon Brunschvicg and eventually abandoned—<mask>'s DES 1920 thesis was titled Pascal et Jansénius (Pascal and Jansenius).) 1934 with Norbert Guterman, Morceaux choisis de Karl Marx, Paris: NRF (numerous reprintings). 1936 with Norbert


texts:
 Guterman, La Conscience mystifiée, Paris: Gallimard (new ed.Paris: Le Sycomore, 1979). 1937 Le nationalisme contre les nations (Preface by Paul Nizan), Paris: Éditions sociales internationales (reprinted, Paris: Méridiens-Klincksliek, 1988, Collection "Analyse institutionnelle", Présentation M. Trebitsch, Postface <mask>bvre). 1938 Hitler au pouvoir, bilan de cinq années de fascisme en Allemagne, Paris: Bureau d'Éditions. 1938 with Norbert Guterman, Morceaux choisis de Hegel, Paris: Gallimard (3 reprintings 1938–1939; in the reprinted Collection "Idées", 2 vols. 1969). 1938 with Norbert Guterman, Cahiers de Lénine sur la dialectique de Hegel, Paris: Gallimard. 1939 Nietzsche, Paris: Éditions sociales internationales.1946 L'Existentialisme, Paris: Éditions du Sagittaire. 1947 Logique formelle, logique dialectique, Vol. 1 of A la lumière du matérialisme dialectique, written in 1940–41 (2nd volume censored). Paris: Éditions sociales. 1947 Descartes, Paris: Éditions Hier et Aujourd'hui. 1947 Critique de la vie quotidienne, L'Arche
1942 Le Don Juan du Nord, Europe – revue mensuelle 28, April 1948, pp. 73–104.1950 Knowledge and Social Criticism, Philosophic Thought in France and the USA Albany N.Y.: State University of New York Press. pp. 281–300 (2nd ed. 1968). 1958 Problèmes actuels du marxisme, Paris: Presses universitaires de France; 4th edition, 1970, Collection "Initiation philosophique"
1958 (with Lucien Goldmann, Claude Roy, Tristan Tzara) Le romantisme révolutionnaire, Paris: La Nef. 1961 Critique de la vie quotidienne II, Fondements d'une sociologie de la


texts:
 quotidienneté, Paris: L'Arche. 1963 La vallée de Campan - Etude de sociologie rurale, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.1965 Métaphilosophie, foreword by Jean Wahl, Paris: Éditions de Minuit, Collection "Arguments". 1965 La Proclamation de la Commune, Paris: Gallimard, Collection "Trente Journées qui ont fait la France". 1968 Le Droit à la ville, Paris: Anthropos (2nd ed. ); Paris: Ed. du Seuil, Collection "Points". 1968 La vie quotidienne dans le monde moderne, Paris: Gallimard, Collection "Idées". Trans.Sacha Rabinovitch as Everyday Life in the Modern World. Allen Lane The Penguin Press, 1971. 1968 Dialectical Materialism, first published 1940 by Presses Universitaires de France, as Le Matérialisme Dialectique. First English translation published 1968 by Jonathan Cape Ltd.
1968 Sociology of Marx, N. Guterman trans. of 1966c, New York: Pantheon. 1969 The Explosion: From Nanterre to the Summit, Paris: Monthly Review Press. Originally published 1968.1970 La révolution urbaine Paris: Gallimard, Collection "Idées". 1970 Du rural à l'urbain  Paris: Anthropos. 1971 Le manifeste différentialiste, Paris: Gallimard, Collection "Idées". 1971 Au-delà du structuralisme, Paris: Anthropos. 1972 La pensée marxiste et la ville, Tournai and Paris: Casterman. 1973 La survie du capitalisme; la re-production des rapports de production. Trans.Frank Bryant as The Survival of Capitalism. London: Allison and Busby, 1976. 1974 La production de l'espace, Paris: Anthropos. Translation and Précis. 1974 with Leszek Kołakowski  Evolution or Revolution, F. Elders, ed. Reflexive Water: The


texts: Basic Concerns of Mankind, London: Souvenir. pp.199–267. 1975 Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, ou le royaume des ombres, Paris: Tournai, Casterman. Collection "Synthèses contemporaines". 1975 Le temps des méprises: Entretiens avec Claude Glayman, Paris: Stock. 1978 with Catherine Régulier La révolution n'est plus ce qu'elle était, Paris: Éditions Libres-Hallier (German trans. Munich, 1979). 1978 Les contradictions de l'Etat moderne, La dialectique de l'Etat, Vol.4 of 4 De 1'Etat, Paris: UGE, Collection "10/18". 1980 La présence et l'absence, Paris: Casterman. 1981 Critique de la vie quotidienne, III. De la modernité au modernisme (Pour une métaphilosophie du quotidien) Paris: L'Arche. 1981 De la modernité au modernisme: pour une métaphilosophie du quotidien, Paris: L'Arche Collection "Le sens de la marché". 1985 with Catherine Régulier-Lefebvre, Le projet rythmanalytique Communications 41. pp. 191–199.1986 with Serge Renaudie and Pierre Guilbaud, "International Competition for the New Belgrade Urban Structure Improvement", in Autogestion, or <mask>bvre in New Belgrade, Vancouver: Fillip Editions. 1988 Toward a Leftist Cultural Politics: Remarks Occasioned by the Centenary of Marx's Death, D. Reifman trans., L.Grossberg and C.Nelson (eds.) Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture, Urbana: University of Illinois Press; New York: Macmillan. pp. 75–88. 1990 Du Contrat de Citoyenneté, Paris: Syllepse, 1990. 1991 The Critique of Everyday Life, Volume 1, John Moore trans., London: Verso.Originally published 1947. 1991 with Patricia Latour and Francis Combes, Conversation avec


texts:
 <mask>bvre P. Latour and F. Combes, eds. Paris: Messidor, Collection "Libres propos". 1991 The Production of Space, Donald Nicholson-Smith trans., Oxford: Basil Blackwell. Originally published 1974. 1992 with Catherine Regulier-Lefebvre Éléments de rythmanalyse: Introduction à la connaissance des rythmes, preface by René Lorau, Paris: Ed. Syllepse, Collection "Explorations et découvertes".English translation: Rhythmanalysis: Space, time and everyday life, Stuart Elden, Gerald Moore trans. Continuum, New York, 2004. 1995 Introduction to Modernity: Twelve Preludes September 1959-May 1961, J. Moore, trans., London: Verso. Originally published 1962. 1996 Writings on Cities, Eleonore Kofman and Elizabeth Lebas, trans. and eds., Oxford: Basil Blackwell. 2003 Key Writings, Stuart Elden, Elizabeth Lebas, Eleonore Kofman, eds.London/New York: Continuum. 2009 State, Space, World: Selected Essay, Neil Brenner, Stuart Elden, eds. Gerald Moore, Neil Brenner, Stuart Elden trans. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. 2014 Toward an Architecture of Enjoyment., L. Stanek ed., R. Bononno trans. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press), the first publication in any language of the book written in 1973. References

Sources
 Stuart Elden, <mask> Lefebvre: Theory and the Possible, London/New York: Continuum, 2004.Alan D. Schrift, Twentieth-Century French Philosophy: Key Themes And Thinkers, Blackwell Publishing, 2006. Further reading
Andy Merrifield, <mask>bvre: A Critical Introduction (London: Routledge, 2006)
Goonewardena, K., Kipfer, S., Milgrom, R. & Schmid, C. eds. Space,

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 Difference, Everyday Life: Reading <mask>bvre. (New York: Routledge, 2008)
Sue Middleton, <mask>bvre and Education: Space, History, Theory (New York: Routledge, 2016)
Andrzej Zieleniec: Space and Social Theory, London 2007, p. 60–97. Derek R. Ford, Education and the Production of Space: Political Pedagogy, Geography, and Urban Revolution (New York: Routledge, 2017)
Chris Butler, <mask>bvre: Spatial Politics, Everyday Life, and the Right to the City (New York/London: Routledge, 2012)
Shields, R.,Lefebvre, Love, and Struggle(New York/London: Routledge, 1998)

External links

The Ignored Philosopher and Social Theorist: The Work of <mask>bvre by Stanley Aronowitz, in: Situations, vol. 2, no. 1, pp.133–155 (PDF available). <mask>, Urban Research and Architecture Today
Review of The Production of Space in Not Bored
Review of The First Situationist Symphony in Not Bored
"La Somme et la Reste" Newsletter (in French)
"<mask>bvre: Philosopher of Everyday Life" (2001) by Rob Shields
Lefebvre, Love and Struggle - Spatial Dialectics (London: Routledge 1999) by Rob Shields Includes largely complete bibliography of <mask>'s work. Review of Lefebvre, Love and Struggle
"An English Précis of <mask>'s La Production de l'Espace" Urban and Regional Studies Working Paper (Sussex University 1986) by Rob Shields
"Bioinformatic Alignments" by Jordan Crandall
"Central Europe and the Nationalist Paradigm" (University of Texas at Austin 1996) by Katherine Arens
"La Méthode d'Henri Lefebvre" in Multitudes by Rémi Hess (in French)
Stadt, Raum und Gesellschaft: <mask>bvre und die Theorie der

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 Produktion des Raumes by Christian Schmid (in German)
"Postmodern Spacings" in Postmodern Culture by Mark Nunes et al. "Towards a Heuristic Method: Sartre and Lefebvre" by Michael Kelly in Sartre Studies International, vol. 5, no. 1, 1999, pp. 1–15.<mask> on Space Architecture, Urban Research, and the Production of Theory by Lukasz Stanek

1901 births
1991 deaths
People from Landes (department)
University of Paris alumni
University of Paris faculty
University of Strasbourg faculty
20th-century French philosophers
French literary critics
French sociologists
Social philosophers
French atheists
Atheist philosophers
French Communist Party members
Marxist humanists
Marxist theorists
Continental philosophers
Critics of postmodernism
Urban sociologists
Urban theorists
Theories of history
Anti-consumerists
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20th-century


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<mask> (10 August 1886 – 5 September 1945) was an Australian aviator who made the country's first military flight, and helped lay the groundwork for the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). Born in Victoria, he was a flying instructor in Britain when, in 1912, he answered the Australian Defence Department's call for pilots to form an aviation school. Along with Henry Petre, he established Australia's first air base at Point Cook, Victoria, and its inaugural training unit, the Central Flying School (CFS), before making his historic flight in March 1914. Following the outbreak of World War I, when Petre went on active service with the Mesopotamian Half Flight, <mask> took charge of instructing student pilots of the Australian Flying Corps at CFS. <mask> transferred to the RAAF as one of its founding members in 1921, and spent much of the inter-war period in technical services and air accident investigation. Promoted to group captain in 1935, he retired from the Air Force three years later when his post of Director of Aeronautical Inspection was transferred to the public service. He continued to serve in the same capacity as a civilian until his sudden death from heart disease at the age of fifty-nine, just after the end of World War II.<mask>'s technical abilities and association with military flying from its earliest days in Australia earned him the title of "Father of the RAAF" for many years, until the mantle was assumed by Air Marshal Sir Richard Williams. Early career
Born on 10 August 1886 at Clinkers Hill near Castlemaine, Victoria, <mask> was the son of printer and stationer <mask>, and his English-born wife Ann. He attended Castlemaine Grammar School before starting work as a motor mechanic. Keen to fly from the first time he saw an aeroplane, he travelled to Britain in March 1911 and trained as a pilot at the Bristol School on Salisbury Plain. Six months later, having accumulated some thirty minutes'

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 flight time, he qualified for his Royal Aero Club Aviator's Certificate, becoming only the third Australian to do so. Gaining employment as an instructor for Bristol, he taught flying on behalf of the company in Spain and Italy, as well as in Halberstadt, Germany, where he became aware first-hand of that country's militarism; some of the students he trained and examined later served as pilots in the Luftstreitkräfte during World War I. In December 1911, the Australian Defence Department advertised in the United Kingdom for "two competent mechanists and aviators" to establish a flying corps and training school.Henry Petre, a former solicitor employed by Handley Page, and H.R. Busteed, then Bristol's chief test pilot, successfully applied. Petre was commissioned as a lieutenant in the Australian Military Forces on 6 August 1912, but Busteed withdrew his application in October and <mask> took his place, gaining his commission on 16 December. While his new salary of £400 was little improvement on what he was earning in Britain, <mask> was happy to have an excuse to return home. Petre selected Point Cook, Victoria, to become the site for the Army's proposed Central Flying School (CFS) in March 1913; meanwhile <mask> remained in Britain temporarily, ordering the facility's complement of aircraft including two Deperdussin monoplanes, two Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2 biplanes, and a Bristol Boxkite for initial training. By January 1914, the pair had established the school with themselves as instructors, augmented by four mechanics and three other staff. <mask> made Australia's first military flight in the Boxkite on Sunday, 1 March 1914, followed by a second in the same aircraft with Petre as passenger, then a third by himself in a Deperdussin.On 29 June, <mask> married Kathleen Prendergast, daughter of future Premier of Victoria George Prendergast, at St Mary's Catholic Church in West Melbourne. World War I

Its

masks: Harrison Harrison Harrison Harrison Harrison


texts: coterie of personnel by now being referred to as the Australian Flying Corps (AFC), CFS commenced its first course on 17 August 1914, two weeks after the outbreak of World War I. Its students included Captain Thomas White and Lieutenant Richard Williams, with <mask> providing initial training to solo standard and Petre advanced instruction. In September, <mask> was given command of a flying unit that accompanied the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force to Rabaul in German New Guinea. With little in the way of enemy resistance, the aircraft were never assembled in country and he had to return without leading the first Australian airmen into combat, a distinction that instead went to Petre as commander of the Mesopotamian Half Flight the following year. With Petre on active duty, <mask> took on the main responsibility for providing basic flying training to the pilots of the first three squadrons to be formed in Australia for overseas service. Many of his students would go on to play a prominent role in the future Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), including Bill Anderson, Harry Cobby, Adrian Cole, Frank McNamara, Lawrence Wackett, and Henry Wrigley.Having graduated twenty-four new pilots by the end of 1915, <mask> was able to establish the first AFC squadron, designated No. 67 (Australian) Squadron, Royal Flying Corps; it was commonly known as No. 1 Squadron AFC from its inception, and officially so from 1 January 1918. The unit departed for Egypt in March 1916 under the command of Lieutenant Colonel E.H. Reynolds. Nos. 3 and 4 Squadrons AFC were formed at Point Cook in late 1916 to operate in France following advanced training in England. Augmenting his instructional and administrative duties, <mask> put his mechanical abilities to use initiating the building of aero engines in Australia and maintaining the CFS's complement of airframes; according to Wackett, only <mask> had the skill to keep

masks: Harrison Harrison Harrison Harrison Harrison Harrison


texts:
 the obsolescent machines in the air.He was appointed officer-in-charge of CFS in June 1917 with the temporary rank of major; this was made permanent in September 1918. The CFS was disbanded at Point Cook on 31 December 1919. Interbellum and World War II
<mask> began a long association with engineering and air safety when he was posted to Britain for secondment to the Aeronautical Inspection Directorate following the end of World War I. He transferred as a flight lieutenant (honorary squadron leader) to the newly formed Australian Air Force in March 1921, becoming one of its twenty-one founding officers; the prefix "Royal" was added to the service's name in August that year. Dissatisfied with his RAAF rank considering his leading position in the pre-war Central Flying School, <mask> appealed for greater seniority. As a result, he was appointed Air Liaison Officer to the Air Ministry in London, with promotion to the substantive rank of squadron leader. Returning to Australia in 1925, he was appointed Assistant Director of Technical Services in 1927, and soon after helped form the RAAF's Air Accident Investigation Committee.The following year he became Director of Aeronautical Inspection, receiving promotion to wing commander on 1 July 1928. <mask>'s position took him throughout the country, inspecting equipment and investigating the causes of air crashes. Promoted group captain on 1 January 1935, he took charge of the Federal government's resources committee for aircraft, aero engines, and motor transport, one of several subcommittees on the Defence Resources Board set up to investigate and report on the readiness of Australian industry to provide munitions for defence in the event of international conflict. In 1937, <mask> returned to Britain for further study of accident investigation methods, as well as aircraft production. His position as Director of Aeronautical Inspection was civilianised on 12 March

masks: Harrison Harrison Harrison Harrison


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 1938, an event that saw him retired from the RAAF but continuing in the same role. He was a member of the court of inquiry into the crash on 25 October of the Douglas DC-2 airliner Kyeema, which overshot Essendon airport in low cloud, killing all fourteen passengers and four crew members. The inquiry's report singled out Major Melville Langslow, Finance Member on both the Civil Aviation Board and the RAAF Air Board, for criticism over cost-cutting measures that had held up trials of safety beacons designed for such eventualities.According to Air Force historian Chris Coulthard-Clark, when Langslow was appointed Secretary at the Department of Air in November the following year, he went out of his way to "make life difficult" for <mask>, causing "bitterness and friction within the department", and necessitating the Chief of the Air Staff, Air Vice Marshal Stanley Goble, to take steps to shield the safety inspector from the new Secretary's ire. <mask> held the position of Director of Aeronautical Inspection throughout World War II, his staff numbering more than 1,200 by 1945. A reorganisation of the directorate in 1940 had permitted qualified civilian engineers to be recruited for work that required increasing technical expertise, without them having to join the Air Force. In July the same year, <mask> proposed the construction of a series of test houses to help decentralise chemical, mechanical and metrological testing of materials used in the manufacture of munitions that previously had to go through either the Munitions Supply Laboratories or the National Standards Laboratory. The result was a major improvement in the speed of testing and, according to the official history of Australia in the war, "a fuller use of the country's scientific and technical manpower". <mask>'s daughter Greta joined the Women's Auxiliary Australian Air Force, and by the end of the war was ranked flight officer. Legacy

On 5


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 September 1945, just as the war had ended, <mask> died suddenly of hypertensive cerebrovascular disease at his home in the Melbourne suburb of Brighton; he was survived by his wife and daughter, and cremated.The Minister for Air, Arthur Drakeford, commented that "all members of the service, and, indeed, all Australians interested in aviation, must feel his loss as the snapping of one of the last links with the pioneer days of flying". One of the original Deperdussins that <mask> ordered and helped assemble for the Central Flying School in 1914 later went on display at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra. Despite his accomplishments in overseeing the training of every student pilot who served in the Australian Flying Corps during World War I, <mask> received no decorations or other official recognition, prompting Group Captain Mark Lax, at the 1999 RAAF History Conference, to describe him as "perhaps the unluckiest of the entire AFC ... an unsung hero". He was nonetheless generally considered to be the "Father of the RAAF" until the title eventually settled on Air Marshal Sir Richard Williams. <mask>'s early technical expertise, long association with Australian military aviation as a founder member of the AFC and the RAAF, and "more assertive" personality tended to overshadow the contributions of Henry Petre, whom historian Douglas Gillison considered "equally entitled" to such an accolade. Reviewing the contributions of Petre and <mask> in his volume of The Australian Centenary History of Defence in 2001, Alan Stephens concluded that "perhaps any judgement would not only be moot but also gratuitous, as by circumstance and achievement both men properly belong in the pantheon of the RAAF". Notes

References

1886 births
1945 deaths
Australian aviators
Australian military personnel of World War I
People from Castlemaine, Victoria
Royal Australian Air Force officers
Royal Australian Air Force personnel of

masks:
Harrison
Harrison
Eric Harrison
Harrison
Harrison


texts:
<mask> (born 1 June 1956) is a South African writer, lyricist, composer, director and theatre producer, born in Verulam, KwaZulu-Natal (near Durban). He started his career as a theatre backing guitarist. He wrote the multi-award-winning musical Sarafina! and co-wrote the multi-award-winning Woza Albert! He was previously married to actress Leleti Khumalo, who received a 1988 Tony Award nomination for Best Actress in a Musical for Sarafina! (and who also starred in its 1992 film adaptation), as well as starring in the leading role in South Africa's first Oscar-nominated film Yesterday. Early life

Born in Verulam and raised in the heart of Zululand, <mask> has distinguished himself as a renowned playwright, screenwriter and librettist.<mask> prides himself on being from the lineage of the warriors Mbandama and Sigcwelegcwele kaMhlekehleke of the <mask> clan who led the Ingoba Makhosi regiment, a pivotal regiment that defeated the British armies at the Battle of Isandlwana in the Anglo-Zulu war, on 22 January 1879. Career

He is best known as the Writer of the internationally acclaimed and award-winning musical Sarafina!, which was nominated for five Tony Awards, and later nominated for the prestigious Grammy Awards. The musical won 11 NAACP Image Awards enjoyed a two-year run on Broadway, toured the US, Europe, Australia and Japan and was later adapted into a feature film starring Whoopi Goldberg, Leleti Khumalo and Miriam Makeba. <mask> has had a string of blockbusters that include his award-winning and internationally revered Woza Albert, Township Fever (1990), which travelled from the Market Theatre to the USA the Brooklyn Academy of Music's Majestic Theatre; Mama (1995), Asinamali (1996), Maria Maria (1997), The Zulu – the musical (1999), 1906 Bhambada The Freedom Fighter, The House of

masks:
Mbongeni Ngema
Mbongeni Ngema
Ngema
Ngema
Ngema


texts: Shaka (2005) and The Lion of the East (2006). In 1995, <mask> created Sarafina II, a musical addressing the AIDS epidemic in South Africa, which debuted in early 1996. In 1997, <mask> was appointed as a visiting lecturer at the University of Zululand to teach his unique artistic technique and subsequently produced the first CD released by the university's music department. In 1998, <mask> was inducted in the New York "Walk of Fame" in front of the Lucille Lortel Theatre in Manhattan, New York City, as one of the revered Writers of the 21st century.In 2001 during the African Renaissance festival, his name was engraved on the entrance of the City Hall in Durban alongside those of Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo, Miriam Makeba and other heroes of the liberation struggle. As a librettist, <mask> has written the musical soundtrack for Sarafina - the movie (1992) and produced the movie's soundtrack alongside Quincy Jones. He has composed several music albums, including the famous and locally loved album Stimela SaseZola. <mask> has written and arranged numerous songs as well as arranged music for artists such as Michael Bolton. He was also one of the vocal arrangers for The Lion King, Disney's animated film. For this, <mask> received a multi-platinum award for sales in excess of 6 million copies. He subsequently won a Grammy Award for the movie adaptation."Woza My Fohloza", the new millennium song, and several albums of his musicals are on <mask>'s librettist list. In 2003 he was appointed as Artistic Director for the 2003 Cricket World Cup and in 2004 appointed as one of the organisers of the 10th Anniversary Celebrations of South Africa's democracy. He has been entrusted by the KZN Department of Arts, Sports and Recreation for establishing and managing the recording studio and record company, The

masks: Ngema Ngema Ngema Ngema Ngema Ngema Ngema


texts:
 KZN Music House managed by his company Committed Artists. Several books and academic work have been written about <mask> <mask> and his celebrated works, including Nothing Except Ourselves by Laura Jones (USA), The Best of Mbongeni <mask>, The man and his music by Isabel Cooke (RSA), An investigation into the creation and interpretation in <mask> <mask>’s intra-cultural Theatre – N. O. Sabelo (UKZN Thesis). <mask> has tapped into his own richly-nurtured background of traditional story-telling, learned as a small child from his great-grandmother, to create his spell-binding one-man show, which melds memories of his childhood, spent in the heart of Zululand, with the wealth of his heritage, bringing vividly to life the historic panoply of the Zulu nation. The Zulu continues its triumphant tours of South Africa, filling theatres around the country, and is set to soon tour abroad. Featuring
<mask> <mask> has participated in a song called "Take This Song", recorded with the reggae band Third World.Mbongeni <mask> released Freedom is Coming Tomorrow (Remix) with Emtee, Saudi, Gigi Lamayne, Tamarsha, Reason, Blaklez & DJ Machaba Third World. Controversies
In 1996, the planned 12-month run of Sarafina II was canceled due to corruption allegations, which implicated <mask> as well as the Minister of Health Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma. <mask> was subsequently investigated for fraud. <mask> composed a song called " Amandiya" which was critical of how the Indian people of KwaZulu Natal were treating its employees and paying them a pittance. This song was banned by the high court in South Africa and later an age restriction of 18 was allowed for the song to be in circulation again. In July 2019, <mask> was removed from his position as co-director of a production of Sarafina following allegations of sexual

masks: Mbongeni Ngema Ngema Mbongeni Ngema Ngema Mbongeni Ngema Ngema Ngema Ngema Ngema Ngema


texts:
 harassment and intimidation by a cast member. In 2020, his ex-wife Xoliswa Nduneni-<mask> published memoirs in which she detailed instances of alleged abuse and rape committed by <mask>i (1987)
 Sarafina! (1988)
 Magic at 4 AM (1993)
 Circle of Life (African voices) (1995)
 Mama (1996)
 Sarafina! 2 (1997)
 Nikeziwe (2005)
 The House of Shaka (2006)
 Lion of the East (2009)
 Take This Song in collaboration with the Reggae Band Third World
 The Zulu (2013)

Honors and awards
 1987 Tony Award - Asinamali! nominated for Best Direction of a Play
 1988 Tony Award - Sarafina! received five nominations: Best Choreography, Best Direction of a Musical, Best Original Score, Best Actress in a Musical
 1988 Grammy Award - Sarafina! nominated for a Grammy Award
 1988 NAACP Image Awards - Sarafina! the musical won 11 NAACP Image Awards in several categories
 Grammy Award - The Lion King, Disney Animated Film, for vocal arrangements
 1998 - inducted in the New York "Walk of Fame" in front of the Lucille Lortel Theatre in Manhattan, New York City
 2001 - <mask>'s name engraved on City Hall Entrance in Durban alongside Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo and Miriam Makeba
 In 2004 he was voted 92nd in the Top 100 Great South Africans.2008 Living Legend Award from the eThekwini Municipality, Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal
 2013 - Lifetime Achievement Award at Simon Mabhunu Sabela Film and Television Awards
 2013 - Inaugural Recognition Award at SAMRO's Wawela Awards
 2013 - Awarded honorary doctorate by the University of Zululand
 2014 - Awarded Lifetime Achievement Award at the Naledi Theatre Awards ceremony. References

External links

1955 births
Living people
South African dramatists and playwrights
South African musicians
South African film score composers
Male film score composers
People from eThekwini Metropolitan

masks: Ngema Ngemainamal Ngema


texts:
<mask>  (born 16 May 1991) is a Guinea-Bissauan professional footballer who plays as a centre forward. He started his career with Sporting CP, being loaned several times over the duration of his contract and winning the 2013 Portuguese Cup with Vitória de Guimarães. In 2013 he signed with Celtic, who also loaned him twice before he left for Metz two years later. After playing for Benfica Luanda in Angola, he returned to Portugal in the summer of 2016, when he joined Marítimo. In subsequent years he had a nomadic career, having brief spells at clubs in Albania, Libya, Indonesia and Vietnam. Internationally, Baldé represented Portugal at youth level, helping the under-20 team finish second at the 2011 World Cup. In 2014, he decided to switch to playing for the country of his birth, Guinea-Bissau.Club career

Sporting CP
Born in Bissau, Baldé started his career with Sporting CP's farm team in Guinea-Bissau, Sporting de Bissau. In 2008 he, alongside teammate Zezinho, moved to the Lisbon club to continue his development, helping it to back-to-back junior championships – of three in total in a row – scoring 13 goals in 29 games in 2008–09. Baldé split the 2010–11 season, his first as a senior, between Santa Clara (second division) and Badajoz (Spanish third tier). Still owned by the Lions, he joined several Sporting teammates at Cercle Brugge in Belgium for the following campaign. Vitória Guimarães
Baldé was released by Sporting in summer 2012. On 28 August he signed with fellow Primeira Liga side Vitória de Guimarães for two years. He made his debut on 21 September, coming on as a late substitute in a 1–0 away win against Moreirense.After a series of appearances from the


texts:
 bench, he scored in only his second game as a starter on 23 November, netting an injury time equaliser in a 2–2 draw at Beira-Mar. Baldé appeared in 37 matches in all competitions in his only season, including seven Taça de Portugal games. He helped the Minho club win the tournament for the first time ever – he was replaced in the 90th minute of the final against Benfica, a 2–1 victory. Celtic
On 13 June 2013, Baldé signed a four-year contract with Scottish Premier League champions Celtic. On arrival, he stated that his new team were "one of the best clubs in Europe and they are going to play in the Champions League." He made his official debut on 23 July, replacing James Forrest for the last 15 minutes of the second leg of the Champions League qualifier against Cliftonville. Baldé scored his first competitive goal on 28 September 2013, coming in as a late substitute and netting the last goal in a 5–2 win at Kilmarnock.On 27 October, at Partick Thistle, he took the field in the 67th minute and scored the 2–1 winner eight minutes later. He failed to establish himself as a regular in the team, and although he made 20 league appearances over the season, most were as a substitute; his only other goal came in a 4–0 league victory over Kilmarnock, on 29 January 2014. On 1 September 2014, Baldé joined Waasland-Beveren in the Belgian Pro League on a season-long loan. He made his debut twelve days later against Zulte Waregem, scoring his team's second goal in an eventual 4–1 away win, a spectacular half-volley from 40 yards out. It was to be his only competitive goal for the club, and in January 2015 he moved on loan again, this time to Hapoel Tel Aviv. He made 11 competitive


texts:
 appearances for the Israelis, failing to score in any of them. In June 2015, Celtic agreed to terminate Baldé's contract despite there still being two years left to run.Metz
On 16 July 2015, Baldé signed a two-year deal with Metz of the French Ligue 2. He made his debut on 1 August, in a 0–0 draw against Lens. Baldé failed to find the net during his spell at the Stade Saint-Symphorien, in nine official games. Benfica Luanda
After terminating his contract with Metz, Baldé moved teams and countries again on 14 January 2016 as he joined Benfica de Luanda in Angola for one and a half years. In his only season he scored a squad-best six goals to help them to a sixth-place finish in the Girabola, and left at the end of August 2016. Marítimo
In August 2016, <mask> returned to European football and Portugal when he signed for Marítimo. On 26 March 2017, whilst on loan to fellow top division side Tondela, he was admitted to hospital due to a pulmonary embolism.Marítimo stopped paying his wages, claiming they did not have to pay him as he was unable to play, and he had to rely on assistance from the players' union to support himself and his family; by the end of the year, he was still not at full health. <mask> travelled to South Africa in January 2018 for a trial with ABSA Premiership club Free State Stars, although doubts remained about his fitness. Kukësi
On 1 February 2018, <mask> signed a six-month contract with Albanian Superliga side Kukësi. He made his debut 13 days later, coming on as a second-half substitute during a 1–0 defeat of KF Tirana in the quarter-finals of the Albanian Cup, his first competitive game of football in 11 months. His first league appearance took

masks: Baldé Baldé Baldé


texts:
 place on 19 February against Partizani when he took the field in injury time of a 3–1 win, Kukësi's first-ever at the opposition's ground. Later career
Following a short spell in Libya with Al-Nasr, in February 2019 <mask> moved to Indonesia after agreeing to a deal at Persebaya. He scored five times in nine Liga 1 matches in the first half of the season, including a hat-trick in a 4–0 victory over Persib on 5 July 2019.He also finished joint-top scorer in the country's cup tournament, the Piala Indonesia, with ten goals along with PSM's Zulham Zamrun; however, the return of David da Silva to the team during the mid-season transfer window saw Baldé become surplus to requirements and on 31 August he signed for another Indonesian club, precisely PSM, scoring on his debut the following day to help the hosts beat Persela 2–1. In January 2020, Baldé  moved to Vietnam to sign for Ho Chi Minh City. He made his debut on 21 January, in a 2–1 loss to Buriram United in a preliminary round of the AFC Champions League. That defeat saw his team drop into the AFC Cup, where the player scored three times in the group-stages; the opening goal in the 2–2 draw with Yangon United, and a brace in a 3–2 win against Hougang United. His first in the V.League 1 arrived on 23 June, in a 3–1 away defeat of Song Lam Nghe An. Baldé had scored six goals in 14 games in all competitions for Ho Chi Minh City by August 2020. The club then looked to loan him out to other sides in Vietnam, but the player refused.As such, his contract was terminated by mutual agreement. International career
<mask> chose to represent Portugal internationally. He was part of the under-20 squad that finished as runners-up at

masks: Baldé Baldé


texts:
 the 2011 FIFA World Cup in Colombia, but only saw seven minutes of action. In May 2014, Baldé switched nationalities to Guinea-Bissau after being called up to the squad for the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations qualifier against the Central African Republic. He earned his first cap over a year later on 13 June 2015, playing the full 90 minutes in a 0–0 draw in Zambia in the 2017 Africa Cup of Nations qualifying phase. <mask> scored his first goal for Guinea-Bissau on 8 October 2015 in a 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifier against Liberia, netting the equaliser in a 1–1 away draw. Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list Guinea-Bissau's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Baldé goal.Honours
Vitória Guimarães
Taça de Portugal: 2012–13

Celtic
Scottish Premiership: 2013–14

Portugal U20
FIFA U-20 World Cup runner-up: 2011

Individual
Piala Indonesia top scorer: 2018–19 (ten goals)

Orders
 Knight of the Order of Prince Henry

References

External links

Portugal national team data

1991 births
Living people
Naturalised citizens of Portugal
Sportspeople from Bissau
Portuguese sportspeople of Bissau-Guinean descent
Bissau-Guinean footballers
Portuguese footballers
Association football forwards
Primeira Liga players
Liga Portugal 2 players
Sporting CP footballers
C.D. Santa Clara players
Vitória S.C. players
C.S. Marítimo players
C.D. Tondela players
Segunda División B players
CD Badajoz players
Belgian First Division A players
Cercle Brugge K.S.V. players
Waasland-Beveren players
Scottish Professional Football League players
Celtic F.C. players
Israeli Premier League players
Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C. players
Ligue 2 players
FC Metz players
Girabola


texts:
<mask> (born 24 October 1969) is an Irish-Canadian playwright, literary historian, novelist, and screenwriter. Her 2010 novel Room was a finalist for the Man Booker Prize and an international best-seller. Donoghue's 1995 novel Hood won the Stonewall Book Award and Slammerkin (2000) won the Ferro-Grumley Award for Lesbian Fiction. She is a 2011 recipient of the Alex Awards. Room was adapted by Donoghue into a film of the same name. For this, she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. <mask> was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1969.The youngest of eight children, she is the daughter of Frances (born Rutledge) and academic and literary critic Denis Donoghue. She has a first-class honours Bachelor of Arts degree from University College Dublin (in English and French) and a PhD in English from Girton College, Cambridge. While at Cambridge she lived in a women's co-operative, an experience which inspired her short story The Welcome. Her thesis was on friendship between men and women in 18th-century fiction. At Cambridge, she met her future wife Christine Roulston, a Canadian who is now professor of French and Women's Studies at the University of Western Ontario. They moved permanently to Canada in 1998 and Donoghue became a Canadian citizen in 2004. She lives in London, Ontario, with Roulston and their two children.Works

Stir Fry
Donoghue's first novel was 1994's Stir Fry, a contemporary coming of age novel about a young Irish woman discovering her sexuality. It was a finalist for the Lambda Literary Award in 1994. This was followed in 1995 by Hood, another contemporary story, this time about an Irish woman coming to terms with the death of her girlfriend. Hood

masks:
Emma Donoghue
Background Donoghue


texts:
 won the 1997 American Library Association's Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Book Award for Literature (now known as the Stonewall Book Award for Literature). Slammerkin

Slammerkin (2000) is a historical novel set in London and Wales. Inspired by an 18th-century newspaper story about a young servant who killed her employer and was executed, the protagonist is a prostitute who longs for fine clothes. It was a finalist in the 2001 Irish Times Irish Literature Prize for Fiction and was awarded the 2002 Ferro-Grumley Award for Lesbian Fiction (despite a lack of lesbian content).Her 2007 novel, Landing, portrays a long-distance relationship between a Canadian curator and an Irish flight attendant. The Sealed Letter
The Sealed Letter (2008), another work of historical fiction, is based on the Codrington Affair, a scandalous divorce case that gripped Britain in 1864. The protagonist is Emily Faithfull. The Sealed Letter was longlisted for the Giller Prize, and was joint winner, with Chandra Mayor's All the Pretty Girls, of the 2009 Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Fiction. Room

On 27 July 2010, Donoghue's novel Room was longlisted for the Man Booker Prize and on 7 September 2010 it made the shortlist. On 2 November 2010, it was announced that Room had been awarded the Rogers Writers' Trust Fiction Prize. Room was also shortlisted for the 2010 Governor General's Awards in Canada, and was the winner of the Irish Book Award 2010.It was short-listed for the Orange Prize for Fiction 2011, but lost out to Tea Obreht. She later wrote the screenplay for a film version of the book, Room (2015), for which she was nominated for an Academy Award, Golden Globe and Bafta Award, and in 2017 adapted it


texts:
 into a play performed at the Abbey Theatre in Dublin. Frog Music
Her novel Frog Music, a historical fiction based on the true story of a murdered 19th-century cross-dressing frog catcher, was published in 2014. The Wonder
<mask>'s 2016 novel The Wonder was shortlisted for the Scotiabank Giller Prize. Shooting of a film of the novel is due to start in September 2021. Directed by Sebastián Lelio, the screenplay is by Donoghue and Alice Birch, with Florence Pugh in the leading role. The Pull of the Stars

Her novel The Pull of the Stars (2020), written in 2018-2019, was published earlier than originally planned because it was set in the 1918 influenza pandemic in Dublin, Ireland.All the characters were fictional except Dr Kathleen Lynn. The novel received strongly positive reviews from critics and was longlisted for the Giller Prize in 2020. by Eibhear Walsh (Cork: Cork University Press, 1993)
 "Noises from Woodsheds: The Muffled Voices of Irish Lesbian Fiction" in Volcanoes and Pearl Divers, ed. by Suzanne Raitt (London: Onlywomen Press, 1994)
 "Liberty in Chains: The Diaries of Anne Lister (1817-24)" in Breaking the Barriers to Desire (Nottingham: Five Leaves Press, 1995)
 "Divided Heart, Divided History: Eighteenth-Century Bisexual Heroines" in Bisexual Horizons: Politics, Histories, Lives, ed. by Sharon Rose, Cris Stevens et al. (London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1996)
 "How Could I Fear and Hold Thee by the Hand? The Poetry of Eva Gore-Booth" in Sex, Nation and Dissent in Irish Writing, ed.by Eibhear Walshe (Cork: Cork University Press, 1997)
 "A Tale of Two Annies" in Butch/Femme: Inside Lesbian Gender, ed. by Sally Munt (London: Cassell, 1998)
 Articles on Anne Lister, Ladies of


texts:
 Llangollen and Jane Pirie and Marianne Woods, in Lesbian Histories and Cultures: An Encyclopedia, ed. by Bonnie Zimmerman (New York and London: Garland, 2000)
 Introduction to Virago Modern Classics edition of Molly Keane, Time After Time (London: Virago, 2001)
 Introduction to Virago Modern Classics edition of Polly Devlin, All of Us There (London: Virago, 2003)
 Introduction to Isabel Miller, Patience and Sarah (Vancouver: Arsenal Pulp Press, 2005)
 "Doing Lesbian History, Then and Now" in Historical Reflections / Reflexions Historiques (Vol. 33, No. 1, Spring 2007)
 "Picking Up Broken Glass, or, Turning Lesbian History into Fiction" in Sapphists and Sexologists: Histories of Sexualities Volume 2, ed. Sonja Tiernan and Mary McAuliffe (Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Press, 2009)
 "Embraces of Love" in Faithful Companions: Collected Essays Celebrating the 25th Anniversary of the Kate O'Brien Literary Weekend, ed. Mary Coll (Limerick: Mellick Press, 2009)
 "Random Shafts of Malice?: the Outings of Anne Damer" in Lesbian Dames: Sapphism in the Long Eighteenth Century, ed. by John C. Beynon and Caroline Gonda (Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate, 2010)

Biographies
 We Are Michael Field (1998)

History
 Passions Between Women: British Lesbian Culture 1668–1801 (1993)
 Inseparable: Desire Between Women in Literature (2010)

Works edited
 What Sappho Would Have Said (1997)
 The Mammoth Book Of Lesbian Short Stories (1999)

Adaptations

 Pluck (2001), short directed by Neasa Hardiman, based on short story "Pluck"
 Room (2015), film directed by Lenny Abrahamson, based on novel Room

Further reading
Irish Writers on Writing featuring <mask>e. Edited by Eavan Boland (Trinity University Press,


texts:
Sir <mask> (7 June 1630 – 13 March 1714) was an English politician, soldier, and landowner, who was Member of Parliament for various seats between 1660 and 1685. He held rank in a number of regiments, although he does not appear to have seen active service. He took part in several duels, as both principal and second, including one in 1667 between George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham and his relative, <mask>, 11th Earl of Shrewsbury, which ended in the latter's death. Like most of his family, he was a Stuart loyalist, and lost his positions following the November 1688 Glorious Revolution. He refused to swear allegiance to the new regime of Mary II and William III, but did not take part in any Jacobite plots. He died in March 1714; his property was left to his grandson, <mask> (1691–1772). Biography

<mask> was born on 7 June 1630, the eldest surviving son of Colonel <mask> (1591–1677), and Jane Lyttelton.He had a sister, Elizabeth (died 1709). Related to the Earls of Shrewsbury, the <mask>s' main estates were in Salwarpe, Worcestershire. They acquired Lacock Abbey, Wiltshire through his great-grandmother, Olive, who died at the age of 97 in 1646. Like <mask> himself, both his uncle Sir Gilbert and father lived into their 80s, as did many other close relatives. In 1653, he married Elizabeth Keyt, who died in childbirth in 1656, and was buried with her infant son in Stow-on-the-Wold. He married again in 1660, this time to Barbara Slingsby (1633 – ? ), daughter of Sir Henry Slingsby, executed in 1658 for plotting against the Protectorate.They had three daughters who lived to adulthood; Anne (1665–1720), Barbara (1671–1763), and Gilberta (1675–1746). His estates were inherited by his

masks:
John Talbot
Francis Talbot
John Ivory Talbot
John Talbot
Sharington Talbot
Talbot
John