texts:
 replace Jeremy Corbyn in the 2016 Labour leadership election. <mask> consistently called for the Government to intervene in the issues surrounding Coventry City Football Club. In 2016 he lobbied the then Sports Minister Tracey Crouch to appoint a concilliator to break the deadlock in negotiations. In 2019 <mask> helped to organise a meeting between the interested parties, local MPs and the then Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport, Jeremy Wright.<mask> actively supported Coventry's bid to be UK City of Culture 2020. As part of the campaign, <mask> hosted a reception for the bid in Parliament and secured an adjournment debate. Cunnngham actively supported the WASPI campaign to compensate Women born in the 1950s who were effected by changes to pensions. In 2019 <mask> led a campaign to make sure specialist Pancreatic Cancer services remained at UHCW. He announced he would be standing down in the 2019 general election shortly after fellow Coventry MP Geoffrey Robinson also announced his intention to depart. Family
He has been married to Marion Douglas Podmore since 1985; each has children from previous marriages. References

External links

 ePolitix – <mask> MP official site
 Guardian Unlimited Politics – Ask Aristotle: <mask> MP

News items
 Discussing closure of Ryton Peugeot plant
 Declaring the closure of the Peugeot plant as a 'callous act'
 His 2006 Notice of Redundancy Bill
 Displeasure over Jaguar's former Coventry plant in 2004

Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
UK MPs 2017–2019
Coventry City Councillors
1941 births
Living people
People from Coatbridge
British trade unionists
Politicians from North

masks:
Cunningham
Cunningham
Cunningham
Cunningham
Cunningham
Jim Cunningham
Jim Cunningham


type: original

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>) is a Venezuelan-American film, television and music video triple threat (writer, director and producer). <mask> has worked with various artists such as Pitbull, Shaggy, Lumidee, Shaquile O,Neil, Ricardo Montaner, The Wayan Brothers, Missy Elliott, Christina Aguilera, and Busta Rhymes. <mask> is known for producing and directing commercials and films characterized by their stylistic visuals and humor. <mask> has over 20 years working in television and film, having contributed to over a dozen films and TV shows, 30 music videos, 100 commercials. Biography

Early life
Born <mask> in Caracas, Venezuela. [1][2][3] His family moved to Ft. Lauderdale, Florida when he was an infant where he spent most of his childhood. Over the years, <mask> visited Venezuela where he attended school for a year where and learned Spanish until returning to South Florida.[4][5] <mask> worked briefly at a movie theater in high school and performed in two high school theater productions where he acted alongside class mate, movie actor, Bobby Canavalle. After graduating from Coral Springs High School, <mask> went to Broward College and then, Florida Atlantic University where he studied, History and Business Administration but dropped out after discovering his passion for film, returning years later to finish his education. [2]

Career
<mask> began a stellar commercial career garnishing accolades for producing commercials and direct response commercials (DRC's/Informercials) for companies such as Blockbuster Video, Nike, Carter-Wallace, Make A Wish Foundation, Bank Atlantic and Procter & Gamble where he was nominated for

masks:
Antonio Piedra
Antonio Jose Piedra Marcano
Antonio
Antonio
Piedra
Antonio Jose Piedra Marcano
Antonio
Antonio
Antonio
Antonio


texts: several industry awards. He garnered praise for his Make A Wish Foundation commercial entitled, "When You Believe" which was nominated for honors and his PSA for The Coalition Against Domestic Violence, "Daddy's Home", won the National Recognition Award for Best Public Service Announcement that year. In 1999, Piedra Line Producer for the award-winning independent film "Fugue". By 2002, <mask> was Line Producer for Sony Picture's "Shottas" where he produced his first music video for Wyclef Jean "Kompa MVP". A couple of years later, 2004, <mask> was the Miami producer of the Christina Aguilera and Missy Elliott "Carwash" music video from the Sharktale Motion Picture.Soon after, in 2004 was also the year that <mask> joined The Feature Film Group, an Independent Film Company working on producing Full-length Feature Films. In the Spring of 2007, he began his on his first of four music video collaborations with rapper Pitbull. In late 2008, <mask> produced Pitbull's hit "Go Girl" which was nominated by BET for Video of the Year, Best Pop Video, Best Male Video, and Best Collaboration. That year <mask> also produced "Lost Everything" a full-length feature film that received warm reviews when it premiered at the Ft. Lauderdale Film Festival. <mask> began his professional photography and Creative Director in 2008. This phase of his career led to some national campaigns with various companies from fashion to technology. In 2015, <mask> worked on his first Bollywood film.The following year, 2016, <mask> collaborated with Mirum Agency, producing and directing a training video for the FBI, "Active Shooter". <mask> has produced

masks: Antonio Antonio Antonio Antonio Antonio Antonio Antonio Antonio Piedra


texts:
 and/or directed close to 35 high-profile videos including videos for Missy Elliott, Shaggy, Wyclef Jean, Lumidee, Shaquille O'Neal, Pitbull and Hawthorne Heights. Over the last decade, <mask> has created content for various advertising and media agencies including Chaos Films, 1 Media Group, Akita Films and Odyssey Media Group. In 2021, <mask> launched Survivor Worldwide LLC a media company whose mission is to create content including feature films based on true stories. Awards
2000 - Nomination for Best Infomercial for " Magnesystems"

2000 - National Recognition Award for Best PSA "Daddy's Home" for National Coalition Against Domestic Violence

2007 - BET Hip Hop Awards Nomination for Best Movie - "Shottas" - Sony Pictures

2008 - BET Best Music Video Nomination for Pitbull's "Go Girl"

Acting credits
Making cameo roles is something that <mask> enjoys. <mask> has made several cameo roles in music videos including Petey Pablo and Oowee's "Chain Swingin'". <mask> had fun playing  the chauffeur at the end of his film "Lost Everything".<mask> also enjoys background roles in some of his favorite movies. If you look real hard you can spot him in small uncredited parts in films such as Donnie Brasco and Bad Boys 2. Highlight Filmography
This is a partial filmography:
"Carwash" (2004) "Sharktale" Motion Picture - Dreamworks [Producer] (Miami)
"Go Girl" (2007) Music Video - Pitbull - TVT Records [Producer]
"Feel Like Making Love" - Shaggy & Lumidee (2007) Music Video [Producer]
"Shottas" (2002) Motion Picture - Sony Pictures [Line Producer/Production Manager] (uncredited)
"Sins of the City: Quarry (#1.7)" (1998) TV

masks:
Piedra
Antonio Piedra
Antonio Piedra
Antonio
Antonio
Antonio


texts:
 Episode [production assistant] (uncredited)
"Gastineau Girls" (2005) TV series [production manager]
The Boynton Beach Bereavement Club (2005) [location scout] – aka "Boynton Beach Club" – USA (new title)
Daddy's Home (2006) [producer]
Hiding Victoria (2006) [first assistant director]
Pledge This! (2006) [location assistant] – aka "National Lampoon's Pledge This!" – USA (complete title)
Spin (2007/I) [unit production manager: Miami]
The Underground Bounty Hunter (2007) (VG) [first assistant director]
Lost Everything (2010) [line producer] [producer]
Law Enforcement training video (2016) [director]

References

External links
 http://antoniopiedra.com
 http://akitafilms.com
http://odysseydigitalmedia.com
 http://vimeo.com/22574344 Vimeo. Antonio Piedra Demo Video Reel A.
 http://www.meetup.com/Motion-Picture-Film-Investor-Group/events/12578973/ Producer & Show Runner <mask> Piedra
 http://www.modelmayhem.com/1141833 Antonio Piedra
 http://people.theiapolis.com/producer-4RSX/antonio-piedra/filmography/ Antonio Piedra Filmography

American film producers
American music video directors
American television producers
Venezuelan emigrants to the United States
People from Caracas
People from Florida
1969 births
Living


texts:
<mask>, or <mask>, (4 May 1618 – 3 May 1679) was a minister in the Church of Scotland, or kirk, who served as Archbishop of St Andrews from 1661 to 1679. His support for Episcopalianism, or governance by bishops, brought him into conflict with elements of the kirk who advocated Presbyterianism. Twice the victim of assassination attempts, the second cost him his life. Biography
<mask> was born at Banff Castle on 4 May 1618, eldest son of <mask> (1592–1638) and Isabel Leslie (1595-ca 1640). His father was property manager, or factor, for the Earl of Findlater; his mother was the daughter of the Laird of Kininvie. His younger brother, Sir <mask> of Stonihill (1622–1685), was political agent to the Duke of Lauderdale, Scottish Secretary of State from 1661 to 1680. In April 1653, <mask> married Helen Moncrieff, daughter of the laird of Randerston.They had seven children, including William (1655–1712), John (ca 1658-1712), Margaret (1664–1734) and Isabella (1662–?). Background
Whilst Presbyterian or Episcopalian now implies differences in both governance and doctrine, this was not the case in the 17th century. 'Episcopalian' meant governance by bishops, usually appointed by the monarch; Presbyterian implied rule by Elders, nominated by their congregations. The Protestant Reformation created a Church of Scotland, or 'kirk', that was Presbyterian in structure and Calvinist in doctrine. When bishops were introduced to the Scottish system in 1584, they were doctrinal Calvinists, who opposed many practices of the Church of England; these differences explain the failure of attempts to unify the two churches. The 1638

masks:
James Sharp
Sharpe
James Sharp
William Sharp
William Sharp
Sharp


texts:
 National Covenant expelled bishops and established a Covenanter government, which ruled Scotland during the 1638 to 1651 Wars of the Three Kingdoms. In 1647, Royalist defeat in the First English Civil War split the Covenanters into moderate Engagers and Kirk Party fundamentalists; both sides believed the institution of monarchy was divinely ordered, but differed over who held ultimate authority in clerical affairs.Attempts by the Scots to restore first Charles I, then his son Charles II to the English throne, ended with incorporation into the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland in 1652. The kirk split again, between a moderate majority known as Resolutioners, and 'Protestors', who blamed defeat on compromise with 'malignants.' Differences between the two were both religious and political, including church government, religious toleration and the role of law in a 'godly' society. Since each split ended with the winners evicting the losers from their offices and ministries, it led to increasing bitterness. Lord Broghill, head of the Council of State for Scotland, summarised the position by saying 'the Resolutioners love Charles Stuart and hate us, the Protesters love neither him nor us.' He fostered conflict between the two groups as deliberate policy. Career
<mask> was educated at the local grammar school and in 1637, graduated from King's College, Aberdeen.The university and Banff in general were centres of Episcopalian support and one of the few areas to oppose the 1638 National Covenant, which removed bishops from the kirk. <mask> went to Oxford, allegedly seeking a position in the Church of

masks: Sharp Sharp


texts: England, but returned to Scotland and by 1642, was a regent at the University of St Andrews. In 1648, he became minister for the parish of Crail, then a delegate to the kirk's General Assembly in 1650. He accompanied the Scottish army in its invasion of England and was captured at Worcester in September 1651, before being released in 1652. The Protesters sent a delegation to argue their case before Parliament in 1656; <mask> was selected to represent the Resolutioners and spent most of the next four years in London. By 1659, plans were being made by George Monck to restore Charles II to the thrones of England and Scotland. The Resolutioners wanted Charles to commit to a Presbyterian kirk; in May 1660, <mask> was sent to Breda to ensure he did so, but was unsuccessful in getting a response.In January 1661, <mask> was appointed Royal Chaplain, and returned to St Andrews as Professor of Divinity. The March 1661 Rescissory Act returned the legal position in Scotland to that prevailing in 1633, removing the Covenanter reforms of 1638-1639. The restoration of bishops was confirmed by the Privy Council of Scotland on 6 September 1661. <mask> was appointed Archbishop of St Andrews and Primate of Scotland and consecrated at Westminster Abbey in December 1661. The kirk was restored as the national church, independent sects banned and all office-holders were required to renounce the Covenant; about a third of the clergy refused, around 270 in total, and lost their positions as a result. Most occurred in the south-west of Scotland, an area particularly strong in its Covenanting sympathies; some took to preaching in the

masks: Sharp Sharp Sharp Sharp


texts: open fields, or conventicles, which often attracted thousands of worshippers. After his appointment to the Privy Council of Scotland in June 1663, <mask> assumed responsibility for these evictions, making him a target for Presbyterian radicals.At the same time, his lobbying to be made Lord Chancellor brought him into conflict with Lauderdale and other political leaders. He took an active role in suppressing the Covenanter-backed Pentland Rising in November 1666; he is reported as having condemned to death eleven prisoners who surrendered on a promise of mercy, telling them "You were pardoned as soldiers, but you are not acquitted as subjects". On 9 July 1668, <mask>, a veteran of Rullion Green, tried to assassinate <mask> in Edinburgh. He was seated in his coach on the Royal Mile near his house at Blackfriars Wynd waiting for Bishop Andrew Honeyman to join him. Mitchell fired his pistol at <mask> but hit Honeyman instead. Mitchell was imprisoned on the Bass Rock for this crime but was not executed until 1676. Soon after, the government issued the first in a series of 'indulgences', allowing the readmission of evicted clergy, even without subscribing to episcopacy.The kirk split once again, this time between moderates, led by Robert Leighton, and 'hardline' Episcopalians under <mask>; over the next decade, policy alternated between persecution and reconciliation. In 1678, <mask>'s faction regained control and supported by the government, stepped up actions against non-conformists; 3,000 Lowland militia and 6,000 Highlanders, known as the "Highland Host", were billeted in the Covenanting shires, as a form of

masks:
Sharp
James Mitchell
Sharp
Sharp
Sharp
Sharp


texts:
 punishment. <mask>, who had been arrested in 1673, was executed in 1678, making him a Presbyterian folk hero; <mask> gave evidence at his trial and was accused of perjury. On 3 May 1679, a group of nine Covenanters, led by David Hackston and his brother-in-law, John Balfour of Kinloch, were waiting at Magus Muir, hoping to ambush the Sheriff of Cupar. A <mask> appointee, the Sheriff was prominent in persecuting Covenanters but apparently heard about the proposed ambush and stayed home. Learning <mask>'s coach was on the road, they intercepted it instead; <mask> was stabbed several times, in front of his daughter Isabella, before being killed by a shot to the chest. One of the group, <mask>, claimed he told <mask> he "...declared before the Lord that it was no particular interest, nor yet for any wrong that he had done to him, but because he had betrayed the church as Judas, and had wrung his hands, these 18 or 19 years in the blood of the saints, but especially at Pentland..."

Two of the nine, Hackston and Andrew Guillan, were eventually captured and executed; a third, William Dingwall, died at the Battle of Drumclog a month later.The other six were never tried; Balfour escaped to Holland with George Fleming, but disappears from the records thereafter. Aftermath

<mask> was buried beneath an imposing black and white marble monument in the Holy Trinity Church, St Andrews. Designed by his son, Sir William, it has two main objectives; commemorating his father as a martyr, rather than a turncoat, and confirming his privileged status as archbishop. When the tomb was opened in 1849, it was empty; the body was

masks:
James Mitchell
Sharp
Sharp
Sharp
Sharp
James Russell
Sharp
Sharp


texts:
 allegedly removed in 1725 and has never been found. On 25 December 1679, five Covenanters captured at Bothwell Bridge, Thomas Brown, <mask>, Andrew Sword, John Weddell and John Clyde, were hanged for refusing to identify the perpetrators. Although not involved themselves, they were executed at Magus Muir; their bodies hung in chains until the flight of <mask> in 1688. A gravestone was erected over their burial place in 1728 and enclosed by a surrounding wall in 1877; the same year that a memorial to <mask> was built.Both are situated about  south of the spot where the murder occurred. 19th century Scottish histories portrayed <mask> as a despised turncoat; "For well concocted, cold blooded, systematic dissimulation, he stands almost without a match in History." Even more recent writers suggest his death can be seen as deserved retribution for his actions. His most recent biographer, Julia Buckroyd, summarised his career as follows; "<mask>, who identified himself as a Scot and Presbytery, and who struggled to extricate Scotland from the Cromwellian union,...became identified as an agent of English, episcopal and political interests...an enemy of Scottish Presbyterianism and the rule of law." The 1688 Glorious Revolution in Scotland led to the Act of Settlement in 1690, which re-established the kirk on a Presbyterian basis. Episcopacy was abolished once and for all, leading to the formation of the separate Scottish Episcopal Church. References

Sources

External links

1618 births
1679 deaths
Alumni of the University of Aberdeen
Archbishops of St Andrews
Assassinated Scottish people
Chancellors of

masks:
James Wood
James VII
Sharp
Sharp
Sharp


texts:
 the University of St Andrews
Members of the Privy Council of Scotland
Members of the Parliament of Scotland 1661–1663
Members of the Convention of the Estates of Scotland 1665
Members of the Convention of the Estates of Scotland 1667
Members of the Parliament of Scotland 1669–1674
Members of the Convention of the Estates of Scotland 1678
People from Banffshire
Scottish Presbyterians
Scottish Restoration


texts: <mask> (September 24, 1897 – December 29, 1975) was a Mexican graphic artist, notable for pioneering much of modern Mexican graphic arts. He spent his childhood around books and when he studied art in Mexico City, he specialized in engraving and illustration. He spent his career illustrating books, magazines and more, reviving techniques such as dry point and introducing new techniques and styles such as the use of color and linoleum printing. He was also a noted arts education, directing several schools including the Escuela Mexicana de las Artes del Libro (now the Escuela Nacional de Artes Gráficas), which he founded. He was a founding member of the Academia de Artes and a member of the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana. In 1969 he received the Premio Nacional de Artes for engraving. <mask> was born in the Triana neighborhood in the city of Aguascalientes, the son of <mask> and Ignacia Medina.He spent his childhood around books as his father had a book binding shop. As a youth, he gained the nickname of "El Marqués <mask>as" due to his ability to portray various personalities. At an early age he showed artistic ability and was sent to the Academia de Dibujo run by José Inés Tovilla. After finishing primary school, he went to work with the Ferrocarril Central Mexicano . His artistic ability earned him a scholarship from the Aguascalientes state government to attend the Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes, and he arrived to Mexico City in 1917 along with friend and fellow student <mask> <mask> . Here he studied under Leandro Izaguirre, German Gedovius and especially under Saturnino Herran, who taught him oil painting along with charcoal and pastel drawing. In 1919, <mask> Leon joined the movement that opposed official teaching methods and favored a

masks:
Francisco Díaz de León
Life Díaz de León
Francisco Díaz de León
de Polain
Gabriel Fernández
Ledesma
Diaz de


texts:
 reorganization of the Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes.Shortly after he became one of the first students of the Chimalistac Open Air School of Painting, headed by Alfredo Ramos Martinez. In 1922, he began learning engraving techniques, eventually mastering all of them. In addition to his career in the graphic arts and teaching, he was also a writer, collector and photographer. He wrote a book of short stories called Su primer vuelo in 1945 and influential essays such as Gahona y Posada, grabadores mexicanos in 1968. <mask> <mask> collected graphic works from various artists as well as original publications. The artist's collection includes about 1,000 originals by José Guadalupe Posada, who he admired. It also includes original periodicals by Venegas Arroyo illustrated by Posada, as well as prints by <mask>, Emilio Amero, Leopoldo <mask> and some by Rufino Tamayo, David Alfaro Siqueiros, José Clemente Orozco and Picheta, a nickname for the engraver Gabriel Gahona (note 11) the first engraver in Yucatán, an artist from the 19th century.He was meticulous and organized, leaving behind many personal and professional notes. <mask> <mask> died at the age of 78 at his home in Coyoacán, leaving behind a widow, <mask> Carman Toussaint, a son, <mask>, and two daughters, Graziella and Susana. He was buried at Panteón Jardín. Career
Although <mask> <mask> had his first exhibition of his work with the Ferrocarril Central Mexicano while still in Aguascalientes, his career was focused on drawing and the graphic arts, rather than painting and exhibition. He illustrated and designed books, posters, catalogues and magazines. Much of his notable work is related to a magazine called Mexican Art and Life, which he edited with <mask> <mask> between 1937 and 1939.

masks:
Díaz de
León
Fernández Ledesma
Méndez
Díaz de
León
María del
Francisco
Díaz de
León
Gabriel Fernández
Ledesma


texts:
 Other such work includes that done for books such as El gavilán by <mask> (1939), Viajes al siglo XIX by <mask> <mask> (1933), and Tasco.Guía de emociones by Manuel Toussaint (1967),  as well as a catalogue for the exhibit 20 Centuries of Mexican Art, presented in New York in 1940. He produced the posters and catalogues of the Sala de Arte of the Secretaría de Educación Pública and also created cartoons for the Diario de Yucatán . In 1928, with Carlos Alvarado Lang, he began a bookbinding workshop at the Escuela Central de Artes Plásticas, He was head of publications at the Palacio de Bellas Artes in 1934. In 1938, he founded, with cooperation of the Secretaría de Educación Pública, the Escuela de las Artes del Libro and served as director until 1956 when he retired. During his lifetime, he was a well-known and respected graphic artist, teacher and friend to many other graphic artists including Leopoldo <mask>, José Chávez Morado, Feliciano Pena, Ramón Alva <mask> Canal and <mask> <mask>. Although fourteen years his senior, José Clemente Orozco solicited the help of <mask> Leon for his first attempts at printmaking

Despite his importance in the first half of the 20th century, much of his work fell into obscurity, with almost all of his archive, about 4,000 pieces, stored in the family home in Mexico City. In 2008, this archive was donated to the Andrés Blaisten Collection of the Centro Cultural Universitario Tlatelolco by the artist's two daughters for promotion and academic study The collection includes works by the artist such as engravings, prints, drawings, oils and photographs, along with 2,000 bibliographic documents and the artist's personals collection of engravings from the colonial period and 19th century.<mask> <mask>'s teaching

masks:
Francisco Castilla
Enrique Fernández
Ledesma
Méndez
de la
Gabriel Fernández
Ledesma
Diaz de
Díaz de
León


texts:
 career began in 1920, when he began teaching classes at his own school, specializing in engraving and printmaking. At the Escuela Central de Artes Plásticas, he taught engraving in wood and metal. Among his students were Isidoro Ocampo, Abelardo Avila, and Jose Chavez Morado. Eventually he became the director of the Escuela de Pintura al Aire Libre in Tlalpan (1925-1932), and the director of the Escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas in 1933. In 1937, he founded the Escuela Mexicana de las Artes del Libro (now the Escuela Nacional de Artes Gráficas), which he directed until 1956, when he retired. He created the city seal of Aguascalientes in 1946 and created its motto along with Alejandro Topete <mask>. Recognitions for his work include membership in the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana, the Posada gold medal in 1966, and the Premio Nacional de Artes for engraving in 1969.He is a founding member of the Academia de Artes. The Instituto Cultural de Aguascalienes created the <mask> Díaz de León Gallery and the Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes created a permanent exhibition of his works at the Máxima Casa de Estudios. In 2010, the Andrés Blaisten Collection in Mexico City held an exhibition of his work and the Instituto Cultural de Aguascalientes published a biography

Artistry
<mask> <mask> was a sketch artist, painter and photographer, but he was best known as a graphic artist and editor. He worked in ink and pencil and masters all types of engraving and printmaking work. Guillermo Jiménez  wrote in 1934 that <mask> <mask> was one of Mexico's greatest book illustrators. <mask> <mask> is considered to have been ahead of his time, pioneering many of the techniques and aesthetics found in modern Mexican graphic work. He revived techniques such as

masks:
del Valle
Francisco
Díaz de
León
Díaz de
León
Díaz de
León


texts:
 dry point, aqua tint, etching and woodcut.He made the first linoleum prints and introduced Japanese papers to be used in Oriental-style prints. He was a pioneer of editorial design, worked to add new techniques to prints, especially with the use of color. Although he was well-known and well respected during his career, much of his contributions have been forgotten One probably reason for this is that his work was apolitical, unlike the dominant Mexican muralism or the graphic work produced by organizations such as the Taller de Gráfica Popular . Much of his work was influenced by the forms and colors related to rural Mexico, especially those of the Aguascalientes of his youth. Common themes in his work include indigenous people, the countryside, images to reflect modern life of the time. <mask> <mask> was also an unpublished photographer, with an archive of about 2,500 images. This work has been compared to that of Tina Modotti and Manuel Álvarez Bravo.One notable image is called the "Fusilado" (Shot by firing squad) which the condemned is photographed from among the firing squad just be sentence is carried out. He also did a series of photographic self-portraits in the 1920s where he dressed up in different costumes. He also went out in different costumes, just to see the reactions of people, a kind of "happening" event. The first time his photographic work was exhibited was in 2010 at the Centro Cultural Universitario Tlatelolco. He did some oils which include La Casa de Xoco, Indias en día de Mercado and Camino a Ozumba; however, most of these have been lost. References

External links

 <mask> <mask> (Spanish) at luisarmando.com.mx

Mexican engravers
People from Aguascalientes City
1897 births
1975 deaths
20th-century

masks:
Díaz de
León
Francisco Díaz
de León


texts:
<mask> (; born <mask>; 22 July 1967) is a Welsh actor, producer, and singer. He was the frontman of Welsh rock music bands The Peth and Super Furry Animals. As an actor, he is best known for his roles in Notting Hill (1999), Kevin & Perry Go Large (2000) and Enduring Love (2004) as well as his portrayals of Xenophilius Lovegood in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (2010), the supervillain Lizard in The Amazing Spider-Man (2012) and Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021) and Grigori Rasputin in The King's Man (2021). Other roles include Hector DeJean in the Epix thriller series Berlin Station and Mycroft Holmes in the CBS series Elementary. Early life
Ifans was born <mask> in Haverfordwest on 22 July 1967, the son of nursery school teacher Beti-Wyn (née Davies) and primary school teacher Eurwyn Evans. His younger brother, <mask>, is also an actor. He grew up in Ruthin, where he received his primary education at Ysgol Pentrecelyn and was raised speaking Welsh as his first language.He attended Ysgol Maes Garmon, a Welsh medium secondary school in Mold, where he took his O levels and A levels. He attended acting classes at Theatr Clwyd. After leaving school, he presented Welsh-language television programmes on S4C. He studied acting at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London, where he graduated in 1997. Career

Stage
Ifans' early stage work included Hamlet at Theatr Clwyd, A Midsummer Night's Dream at the Regent's Park Theatre, and Under Milk Wood and Volpone at the National Theatre. He appeared at the Donmar Warehouse in 2003's Accidental Death of an Anarchist. In 2006 he returned to the London stage in Michael Grandage's production of Don Juan in Soho at the Donmar Warehouse.In 2016,

masks:
Rhys Ifans
Rhys Owain Evans
Rhys Owain Evans
Lŷr Ifans


texts:
 <mask> played Fool alongside Glenda Jackson in Deborah Warner's production of King Lear, at The Old Vic. He returned to The Old Vic to play Ebenezer Scrooge in Matthew Warchus' production of A Christmas Carol (adapted by Jack Thorne) in 2017 and in 2018 returned to the National Theatre to play King Berenger in Patrick Marber's new adaptation of Eugene Ionesco's Exit the King. <mask> was given the role of Atticus Finch in Aaron Sorkin's To Kill A Mockingbird to begin at London's Gielgud Theatre on 21 May 2020. The play was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic but was rescheduled for May 2021. The role of Atticus Finch was later given to Rafe Spall due to scheduling conflicts. Television
Ifans appeared in many Welsh-language television programmes before embarking on his film career, including the comedy show , as well as performing at the National Theatre, London and the Royal Exchange, Manchester. In 1990, he presented Sdwnsh (Welsh for "Mash"), an anarchic children's quiz programme.A total of 31 fifteen-minute programmes were broadcast on Welsh-language TV channel S4C. He narrated the children's animated series Sali Mali for S4C in 2000. In 2005, <mask> made a guest appearance for the rock band Oasis in the video for their single "The Importance of Being Idle" (where he mimed to Noel Gallagher's vocals), for which he accepted their award for Video of the Year at the 2006 NME Awards. He has also appeared in the music videos for "God! Show Me Magic" and "Hometown Unicorn" by Super Furry Animals, "Mulder and Scully" by Catatonia, and "Mama Told Me Not to Come" by Tom Jones with Stereophonics. In 2008, he appeared in "Six Days One June", one of three episodes of the TV series The Last Word Monologues,

masks: Ifans Ifans Ifans


texts:
 written by Hugo Blick and broadcast on BBC Two. He played a lonely Welsh farmer trying to free himself from a domineering mother.From 2016 to 2019, Ifans portrayed hard-nosed American CIA case officer Hector DeJean in the U.S. pay-cable Epix network espionage thriller drama series Berlin Station, which was filmed on location in Berlin. Ifans has been cast in the Game of Thrones prequel, House of the Dragon, which is scheduled for release in 2022. Feature films
Following his role as Jeremy Lewis in the Swansea-based movie Twin Town (1997) alongside his brother Llŷr, Ifans gained international exposure in his role as the slovenly housemate Spike in the British film Notting Hill (1999). Reportedly, in preparation for the role, Ifans did not wash himself or brush his teeth. He played Adrian, the pompous eldest brother in Little Nicky (2000). Other film roles include: Eyeball Paul in Kevin & Perry Go Large (2000), Nigel in The Replacements (2000), Iki in The 51st State (2001), William Dobbin in Vanity Fair (2004), and Vladis Grutas in Hannibal Rising (2007). He played Jed Parry in the 2004 film version of Ian McEwan's Enduring Love, and the lead role in Danny Deckchair (2003) as Danny Morgan.<mask> revealed in March 2009 that he was to appear in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 (2010). He played Xenophillius Lovegood, editor of the wizarding magazine The Quibbler and father of the eccentric Luna Lovegood. In the same interview, he announced that he would play the title role in the film Mr. Nice, based on the life of the drug smuggler Howard Marks. He played Nemo Nobody's father in Mr. Nobody. He played a villain in Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang. On 11 October 2010 Associated Press confirmed


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 that <mask> would portray the villain in the Spider-Man reboot film The Amazing Spider-Man. The villain was revealed as the Curt Connors / Lizard a few days later, and the film was released in July 2012.In 2015, <mask> starred in She's Funny That Way, directed by Peter Bogdanovich. On 16 November 2021 it was revealed, through the film's official trailer, that <mask> would reprise his role as Lizard from The Amazing Spider-Man in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Spider-Man: No Way Home, to be released on 17 December. Later it was revealed that <mask> was not actually present on set and only lent his voice for the character created through digital means, with his human form at the end of the film being from archival footage from The Amazing Spider-Man. <mask> also appeared as Grigori Rasputin in the spy film The King's Man, which was released in December 2021. Music
Ifans was briefly lead vocalist of the rock band Super Furry Animals before they released any records. Since 2007, Ifans has sung with the psychedelic rock band The Peth ("peth" is Welsh for "thing"), featuring Super Furry Animals' Dafydd Ieuan, which played a number of concert dates in south Wales and in London in the autumn of 2008. In 2009 the band supported Oasis at a concert in the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff.Charity work
In September 2012, Ifans became a patron of the Welsh-language Wikipedia, together with then Archbishop of Wales Barry Morgan. In 2017, Ifans partnered with Shelter Cymru in a campaign called "7 Ways You Can End Homelessness". He also in 2017 supported the community purchase of Tafarn Sinc, a pub in his native Pembrokeshire facing closure. Personal life
Ifans lives in London. He dated British actress Anna Friel

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 from 2011 to 2014. Controversies
In 2002, Ifans caused some controversy in the British media for his alleged support of Meibion Glyndŵr, a militant Welsh nationalist group which burnt down more than 100 empty holiday homes in Wales owned by English people in the 1980s. This was mainly due to an interview Mariella Frostrup conducted with him for The Observer in which he said, "Welsh-speaking communities are under threat more than at any other time in history because of house prices.[...] Communities that have been there for centuries are essentially becoming holiday villages. Young people are forced to leave because there's no work and the young people that are left can't afford to live there. That's a crime." During the 2011 San Diego Comic-Con, Ifans was arrested for misdemeanour battery by San Diego police after allegedly pushing a guard prior to speaking on a guest panel. The local District Attorney's office announced that Ifans would not be charged due to lack of evidence. Filmography

Film

Television

Music videos

Honours, awards and nominations
In 2005, Ifans won a BAFTA for his portrayal of comedian Peter Cook in the TV film Not Only But Always. On 16 July 2007, he received an Honorary Fellowship of Bangor University, for services to the film industry.References

External links

1967 births
Living people
Cool Cymru
People from Haverfordwest
Alumni of the Guildhall School of Music and Drama
People associated with Bangor University
People from Ruthin
Super Furry Animals members
Welsh male film actors
Welsh male stage actors
Welsh male television actors
Welsh male voice actors
Welsh-speaking actors
20th-century Welsh male actors
21st-century Welsh male actors
Best Actor BAFTA Award


texts: <mask>  (5 September 1904 – 18 October 1974) was a Norwegian political organiser, speaker and editor who led his eponymously named political party Anders Lange's Party into parliament in 1973. Educated as a forestry technician, <mask> got involved in politics following his stay in Argentina in the late 1920s. He joined the right-wing Fatherland League organisation upon his return to Norway in 1929, and he became a popular speaker at public rallies. His provocative style however often led to controversies. Although his agitation was chiefly directed against the political left, he also rejected the efforts of the far-right. He left the organisation in 1938 to join Landsforeningen Norges Sjøforsvar, where he agitated for strengthening the Norwegian armed forces and warned against the future world war. He was initially blocked from entering the organised Norwegian resistance during the Second World War, but nonetheless did work to assist resistance members, and he was arrested by the Germans and imprisoned twice.After the war, <mask> initially focused on his work as a kennel-owner, as well as to write and publish his own dog-owner's paper. Although he had pledged to not enter politics again, he became increasingly politically active. He started touring the country to speak at his public rallies, and the paper he published became increasingly political. He was a charismatic right-wing public speaker who first and foremost objected to high taxes, state-regulations and public bureaucracy. He gained a considerable following among youth in the 1960s, and their activities included to counter-demonstrate against left-wing demonstrations. Increasingly called upon by his supporters to establish a new

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 political party, it was not until 1973 that he finally agreed to do so. The new party, named <mask>'s Party (ALP) was founded by popular acclamation during a public meeting at Saga kino.He successfully entered the Norwegian Parliament after the election later the same year, but his new-found political career came to an abrupt end when he died the following year. <mask>'s political party was reformed and renamed to the Progress Party after his death. Early life

<mask> <mask> was born in Nordstrand, Aker (now a part of Oslo) to doctor Alf <mask> (1869–1929) and Anna Elisabeth Svensson (1873–1955). He had two older siblings, Alexander and Karen. Although he was born in Aker, the family moved to Foss in Bjelland when he was only six weeks old, owing to his father being appointed district physician for a region consisting of Bjelland, Grindheim and Åseral. The <mask> family was originally from Holstein and Denmark, and included several prominent public officials, priests, doctors and businessmen. <mask> lived in Foss for his first seven years.<mask>'s parents were divorced in 1911, and Anna Elisabeth moved to Bergen with her three children. They lived in humble conditions in a guest house in Fjøsanger for the first two to three years. The family thereafter moved to Kristiania (now named Oslo), settling in Skillebekk. <mask> started his secondary education at Vestheim School in 1921, but failed to graduate examen artium. He subsequently moved to Kristiansand in 1923, and finished his education at Kristiansand Cathedral School in 1924. He was not interested in politics in his youth, spending his free time in outdoor recreation and sports. In Kristiania (Oslo), <mask> had played football and ice

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 hockey for the club Mercantile SFK, and he continued to play football for FK Donn in Kristiansand.He broke his nose several times during play, giving him his characteristic crooked nose. <mask> held his first public speech (albeit a short one), the Kristiansand russ speech, on 17 May 1924 in honour of Henrik Wergeland. He thereafter served in the Royal Guards for his conscription service. During his time in the military, <mask> became interested in forestry after reading the 1923 book Skogen og folket by Christian Gierløff. He graduated as a forestry technician at the Oddernes forestry school in 1926. He had part of his practice in Andebu, and after graduating he continued working there for a local farmer. A cousin of his father later tipped him that he could get work at a forestry school in Argentina, and <mask> set out for the country in 1927.He went to port in Buenos Aires, got in connection with Kristiansand-based Norwegians, and travelled north to Tartagal near the border to Paraguay. He became engaged with the Saco company, and headed a work team of 15 men. <mask> had also brought with him football equipment to the country, and he became known by the locals as "Don André". <mask> lived in Argentina from November 1927 to June 1929, when he went home with his father's casket, his father having died of a heart attack when visiting <mask> at his office in Argentina. Political career

Interwar period
<mask> began his political career in the Norwegian right-wing Fatherland League organisation, which had been founded in 1925 by prominent figures such as Christian Michelsen and Fridtjof Nansen. <mask> received a letter from writer Olaf Benneche, supplemented with a letter from Nansen requesting

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texts: him to come back to Norway and join the anti-communist movement, and he was invited to Nansen's property Polhøiden. According to <mask> himself, it was communism that shaped his views.He had read about communism since his youth, and concluded that it was a "poison" that would destroy humans, take away their liberties and relinquish the independence of nations. <mask> had also noted the stark political conflicts in Argentina during his stay in the country. His experience as an emigrant had led him to debunk what he saw as the left's negative view of patriotism (fedrelandskjærlighet). The growth of the left-wing labour movement at the same time caused a polarisation of Norwegian politics, and the Fatherland League's stated aim was to unite the political right against left-wing revolutionaries. <mask> became secretary of the Fatherland League's Agder branch in 1929, and marked himself in the first year by writing op-eds in newspapers and speaking at public rallies. In early 1933, when Vidkun Quisling was Defence Minister, <mask> was scheduled to host him at a public rally that was endorsed by the Agrarian Party (of which Quisling was a member at the time). The event led <mask> to get a complete distaste of him.<mask> was set to drive Quisling to the rally, and already when they met <mask> noted that Quisling seemed "as distracted as a St. Bernard," and that his handshake was "as limp as a sponge." Quisling did reportedly not say a single word during the five-mile drive to the rally, and his speech was a disaster due to his failure to speak audibly (he would not use a microphone). At the Fatherland League's subsequent national convention in 1933, a faction sought to tie the organisation closer to

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texts: Quisling's then-newly founded party, but <mask> loudly opposed the proposal and attacked Quisling as "the worst Defence Minister this country has ever had." Quisling left the Fatherland League following the convention. Although accused by the left of fascism, <mask> distanced himself from the ideology, and instead considered it to "live on" through socialism and trade unions. <mask>'s later activities consisted mainly of holding public rallies, and his provocative style often got him into physical altercations with left-wing labour activists. His most controversial stunt was in 1935, when he sought to "demonstrate" the Labour Party's attitude towards the existing society.Inspired by an earlier stunt of the Labour Party's youth organisation (AUF), <mask> demonstratively stood above a volunteer soaked in pig's blood, lying over a truck, and "threatening" him with a hammer. The stunt led to clashes with AUF activists (<mask> eventually broke his jaw), and as <mask>'s stunt had not been approved by neither the Fatherland League's local branch nor its central leadership, <mask> was transferred to Oslo. He then held the position as national leader of the Fatherland League's youth organisation from 1935 to 1936. <mask> was considered a great speaker, and his rhetoric changed between being largely gentle or more vulgar. During a 1935 speech, <mask> warned against both socialism and Nazism, often alleging the "dictatorial tendencies" he saw in the Labour Party. He in turn criticised Norway for being "ripe for dictatorship," owing to Norwegians having "stopped thinking" and uncritically accepted "supervisory boards, editorials, propaganda and dozy parliamentarians." <mask> travelled through most of the

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 country to hold speeches, including Northern Norway.<mask> left the Fatherland League at the end of 1938, and joined Landsforeningen Norges Sjøforsvar ("Country Confederation for the Naval Defense of Norway") as its general secretary. The organisation's purpose was to inform about the importance for Norway of the sea, and thus of the Norwegian navy. <mask> continued to travel around the country in order to show films and hold speeches. He agitated for strengthening the Norwegian Armed Forces, and increasingly warned against a possible world war, and how Norway could be pulled into it. <mask>sen rifle, telling the audience to "get ready for war," and asking rhetorically when Norway would arm its forces. <mask> travelled to the Norwegian Parliament on 8 April 1940, and begged Labour Party MP Torvald Haavardstad to mobilise the Norwegian army.Haavardstad in turn responded that <mask> should quit "this hysterical defence talk." Second World War
On 9 April 1940, Norway was invaded by Nazi Germany. Part of the background for <mask>'s predictions about the future war was the letters he sent to several foreign heads of state, including Winston Churchill and Adolf Hitler. He asked in a letter what Hitler's plans were with his "Third Reich", and received response from German authorities that "Nazi Germany will triumph on all fronts." <mask> had several Jewish friends, and considered their situation to be under such threat in 1939/40 that he thought they should escape before a German invasion of Norway. He managed to reserve 100 seats on the Norwegian America Line for Jews to escape, but none of the seats were taken. <mask> and several of his friends from the Fatherland League were eager to join the

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texts: resistance forces of the Norwegian Campaign, and they set out to Nordmarka on skis on 10 April.<mask> had with him a machine gun and 1,000 bullets, but was forced to turn his weapon in when they met other resistance members. He was considered to be "not reliable" on account of his time in the Fatherland League, and he was left to ski back to Oslo. <mask> became dejected and bitter as a result of his treatment, and he was left to think that the Labour Party, which he had criticised for not arming the defence before the invasion, had now also taken over control of Nordmarka. <mask> was imprisoned at Møllergata 19 in September 1940 for getting into a fight at Theatercaféen with Eyvind Mehle, an associate of Vidkun Quisling. The incident happened the day after Mehle had attacked King Haakon VII in a speech. <mask> refused to greet Mehle when he came past his table, responding that "I don't greet Norway's greatest turd in another way than this," and then slapped Mehle in the face. <mask> thereafter grabbed Mehle and threw him through a door twice.<mask> refused to apologise to Mehle, and was captured by German police the following day. <mask> was imprisoned for four months, and was released in early 1941. His house was searched several times by the Gestapo when he was in prison. On other occasions, <mask> and his family also hid Norwegians who planned to escape to Sweden in their house. Following his release from prison, <mask> assisted resistance members with information work. He thus came under investigation by the police, as he was "known for being an opponent of NS." In 1942 he was captured and imprisoned once more at Møllergata 19 after his house was raided by German police.It was during his

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 times in prison that <mask> started thinking seriously about practical politics. He was according to himself not tortured or abused in prison, but to his satisfaction he was left alone to just read books and think. Postwar years
For the 1945 parliamentary election, <mask> was offered to run for election by the Conservative Party, the Agrarian Party and the Labour Party, but he turned the offers down. <mask> instead started working as the secretary of Norsk Kennel Klubb, a Norwegian dog-owner's club. He was also hired as a columnist in Morgenbladet, writing about the dog community every Monday. <mask> moved to Svartskog, Oppegård with his family in late 1946, where he started working to establish a kennel. He thereafter quit his engagement for Morgenbladet as he started his own paper instead, Hundeavisen (lit."dog paper"). At the time, there were no independent publications such as this for the dog community, and <mask> went to great lengths to spread news about his paper. He (helped by his family) sent about 75,000 letters to dog owners, institutions and dog associations throughout the country, informing them about the new paper. The first issue was published in June 1948. He maintained that politics were to be "banished" from the paper, except for issues directly related to the dog community; he thus criticised the tax on dog-keeping, and the ban on dogs in Oslo tenements. Although <mask> had promised to quit politics after the war, he sought to restart the Country Confederation for the Naval Defense of Norway by late 1947. He thought that the Labour Party government had returned to the pre-war negligence of the Norwegian defence, and that it was a "tactic" by the "communists" in order to

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texts: allow the Soviet Union to grow itself stronger.His attempt to start the organisation again did however not materialise. Instead of this, one of the main issues for <mask> until the early 1950s was to agitate for animal rights. This in turn led him back to his earlier issues of criticising bureaucracy, state capitalism and socialism. He arranged a public meeting at Youngstorget for the first time in 1950, and was thereafter sponsored by an anonymous group to hold one hundred political speeches throughout the country. One time he gathered a crowd of 19,000 people on Youngstorget, who started chanting "<mask>, Norway needs you, Norway needs you." <mask> himself was rather startled by the event, as he thought it recollected pre-war personality cults. He stopped touring in 1953 due to financial problems.He also stopped publishing the paper Hundeavisen in September 1953, as one of his associates had embezzled  from the paper's funding. Although <mask> got most of the money back, the paper was not published for seven years. <mask> had great oratory talents, and he liked to consider himself a "demagogue" in the ancient Greek sense of the word. <mask> planned a massive campaign with public speeches after the 1953 parliamentary election, but he was not able to raise the necessary funding. He largely stopped his political activities until 1959, when he again planned speeches at Youngstorget. <mask> was often encouraged to start a political party during the 1950s, but he did not endorse the idea then. Although <mask> kept contacts with all kinds of people, it was his contacts with businessmen and ship-owners that provided him with funds to keep up his political activities.During the 1960s, <mask> was an

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 immensely popular lecturer at secondary schools. He gained a considerable following among youth, and his followers were popularly called hundeguttene, the "dog boys." They were often from the right-wing of the Young Conservatives, and they joined <mask> for counter-demonstrations against meetings of the Socialist People's Party, May Day demonstrations, and protests against the Vietnam War. In February 1960 the first issue of Hundeavisen was published after seven years. The paper, which originally was about dogs and animals, soon took a radical turn. The name of the paper was changed to Anders Langes Avis (<mask>'s Newspaper) in 1962, and it gradually became increasingly political. In its last years it had turned into a solely political paper.In 1961 <mask> founded the "Independence Party", but he did not register it publicly. Some of the issues for the "party" was to abolish direct taxes, sell state-owned companies, drastic cuts in public expenses, delegate tasks away from municipalities to the state, abandon the welfare system and cover it over the state budget, and revoke public employees' right to vote and run for parliament. The party held a counter-demonstration against a demonstration against the Bay of Pigs Invasion in Oslo in November 1962, and they handed out flyers in support of US President John F. Kennedy. The party changed name several times, to the "Independence Movement" in 1963, to the "Freedom Party" in 1965, and a few months later to "<mask> Lange's Freedom Movement." <mask>'s Party
By the end of 1972 <mask> felt a growing support for his views, and he was again asked to start a new political party. He nonetheless questioned if he had become too old, and he initially

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texts: rejected the idea. Towards 1973 he however increasingly felt a revival of the time from the Fatherland League, and he became sufficiently inspired to start seriously discuss creating a new party.On 8 April 1973, <mask> held a public meeting at the cinema Saga kino, which eventually turned into the founding meeting of a new party. Norwegian politics was in turmoil at the time, with voters disaffected six months after the Norwegian EC membership referendum and generally disgruntled with the mainstream centre-right as a viable alternative to the Labour Party. <mask> held a two-hour speech at Saga kino, which resulted in the establishment of <mask>'s Party for a Strong Reduction in Taxes, Duties and Public Intervention; usually shortened to <mask>'s Party (ALP). The issues promoted before the meeting concerned taxes, regulations, alcohol policies, private property, reduction in foreign aid as well as the political leadership. <mask> thereafter again started touring and speaking at public rallies; he did not use a manuscript for his speeches. On 5 May, a crowd of 5,000 people turned up at Youngstorget to listen to <mask> and his Danish counterpart Mogens Glistrup. On his first appearance in a political television debate, <mask> showed up with a bottle of egg liqueur and a Viking sword he had received from Geirr Tveitt, and his appearance in the debate became a success.<mask> was not a big drinker, but he used egg liqueur during speeches to clear his throat. His use of the drink nonetheless led sales of Advocaat to soar. <mask> finally entered the Norwegian Parliament after the 1973 parliamentary election, together with three other representatives from his party. <mask> set a record of speeches

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texts: during his first year in parliament, speaking more than any other representative. He was elected into the Consumer and Administration Committee, which he dismissed as a redundant entity. During his time in parliament he came on good terms with politicians from all parties. <mask> said he only felt hostility from Kåre Willoch, leader of the Conservative Party, whose presence he considered to "fill the room with hate;" Willoch had expressed little respect for <mask> before the 1973 election, labeling him as a "mad-man" and agitator without visions.<mask> had originally intended to create a popular movement rather than a political party, and an internal conflict erupted over the nature of the party. <mask> favoured the superiority of the parliamentary group instead of the party organisation. The wing led by Carl I. Hagen and Kristoffer Almås wanted a more effective party structure, and even wished to throw <mask> as leader and change the party's name. After increasing pressure, during the party's first regular national convention in Hjelmeland in January 1974, <mask> and his deputy Erik Gjems-Onstad were forced to give concessions that gave ALP the outlines of a regular party. <mask> however continued voicing his opposition against the new development, while Hagen and Almås maintained their views on the leadership and naming issues. After initially indicating that he would grant Hagen his wish of being hired as party secretary, <mask> later stated in Dagbladet that Hagen only would be hired "over my dead body." The conflict led Hagen and Almås to leave ALP in July, and Almås went on to form the Reform Party with Hagen as a passive member.The conflict was not resolved until October 1974, when


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 <mask> died of heart failure following a heart attack. As Hagen had been elected as <mask>'s parliamentary deputy in 1973 he took over <mask>'s place as member of parliament. Hagen later became leader of the party and reformed it as the Progress Party. As the party had grown to become the second largest in Norway, an oil painting portraying <mask> was in 2005 put up and unveiled in the big conference room in the Norwegian parliament by Hagen and future leader Siv Jensen. Political views
<mask> supported the economic policies of Milton Friedman. When questioned during the 1973 parliamentary election about who his "political philosopher" was, <mask> responded succinctly "Ayn Rand and Milton Friedman". He also said that his motto was "stand on your own feet, and not on others'."<mask> voted in favour of the European Economic Community (mostly for military reasons), but he was satisfied that Norway did not join it following the 1972 referendum. This was as he expressed concern that the EEC would likely develop into a massive bureaucracy, and that France in his mind probably would misuse it due to the French "need to dominate." Guttorm Hansen, who was the President of the Parliament of Norway when <mask> was a Member of Parliament, once said that he believed <mask>'s apparent goal was to "make [Parliament] into a political circus with himself as the main clown." <mask> said many unexpected things in Parliament. He once bragged about his own potency, and another time spoke about how much moonshine he had consumed in his lifetime, and how terrible it was. He was also censored for the use of unparliamentary language. <mask> wrote in 1963: "Everyone who claims black majority rule in South Africa are

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 traitors of the white race.No vote rights for negroes; Stop mixed marriages, No humanitarian aid for blacks." African relations
Starting in 1962, <mask> began promoting South Africa and Rhodesia in his paper. One of his main motivations was fears that the countries would turn communist, and he was critical of what he considered to be a one-sided and biased presentation of the conditions in the countries. He also had several Norwegian friends in South Africa who traded and did business in the country, and who also considered information about the country in Norway to be naïve and one-sided. <mask> said that he received his information about the countries from numerous Norwegian, American and African magazines. <mask> was on several occasions visited by South Africans in Norway, both friends of Norwegian ancestry and people with central positions in the country, including General Charles Edward More. <mask> and his wife Karin visited the country in early 1972 for three weeks, the trip having been arranged by long-time family friend Major John M. Gray.Their flight was welcomed by government representatives at an airport 50 kilometers outside Pretoria, and he met with prominent figures such as head of the Department of Information Eschel Rhoodie. He also met the leader of the Progressive Party, a party <mask> praised for being the purest capitalist party in the world. He was also impressed with what he saw in the country, including the Bantu chiefs he met. <mask> also advocated that Norway should recognize Ian Smith's Rhodesia, an internationally unrecognized state. He wrote to Smith that <mask> Langes Avis was the only paper in Norway that consistently supported his regime and sent issues of his

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 paper to the Rhodesian Department of External Services. In response his paper received greetings and thanks from Smith and Rhodesian government officials. In March 1979 as part of the Muldergate Scandal, the British newspaper The Guardian wrote that <mask> and ALP had received 180,000 NOK from a secret South African fund.In December 1981, Gordon Winther claimed that ALP and <mask> had received about 400,000 NOK since 1972. People who had been close to <mask> however rejected that he had received money from the South African government. In a letter from 1967, <mask> however notes that he would be delighted if he would get funds from South Africa (which he in any event had not received by that time), while another anonymous person who had been close to <mask> claimed that he did indeed receive money, even to the point that it saved him from financial ruin. Personal life
<mask> married Anne-Marie Bach-Evensen (1906–1967) in 1930. They had exchanged letters when <mask> was in Argentina, and became a couple soon after his return to Kristiansand, where she lived. They had three children. Anne-Marie got diabetes right before the German invasion, and she became very ill.This left <mask> with more responsibilities of keeping in charge of their house and children. Although the family was poorly off itself during the war, they regularly invited homeless people into their house for oatmeal soup. <mask> and his family moved to a farm in Tomter, Østfold, where they rented a house from October 1941 to 1946. During the war, <mask> was hired as forest manager for the Løvenskiold family, and worked at their estate for two years. Frederik Macody Lund, who had died in 1943, had long considered <mask> to be his

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 "adoptive son" as he had no children himself. As his first wife Augusta died in 1946, <mask> inherited Svartskog in Oppegård, an 80 decare forest property. There, he established a kennel which he named Macody Lunds Minde-Vildmark, in honour of his late patron.In 1949 <mask> however started seeing his neighbours' 21-year-old nanny. He filed for divorce from his wife Anne-Marie at the end of 1950, and the divorce was finalised on 18 February 1952. <mask> thus moved from Svartskog, leaving it to Anne-Marie, and planned to marry his new girlfriend. They were engaged in 1951, but the relationship fast broke apart. <mask> thereafter met Karin Thurmann-Moe (1927–1978), and they married on 17 June 1952, just two months after they first met. They had one child. In late 1952 <mask> bought a 22 decare farm with a kennel, Trollstein in Heggedal, Asker.He received financial support to buy the property from a circle around the libertarian organisation Libertas. In addition to dogs, they had geese, hens, cows and pigs at Trollstein, and they grew potatoes and vegetables for their own use. In January 1972, <mask> unsuccessfully sought appointment as the broadcast manager of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. <mask> died of heart failure at Bærum Hospital on 18 October 1974, following a heart attack at Asker Station on 10 October. Writing
<mask> was the author and editor of some publications:
 Editor of Hundeavisen (1948–53 and 1960–61)
 Editor of Anders <mask>s Avis (1962–74)

References

Bibliography

External links

 <mask>'s speech at Saga kino in 1973

1904 births
1974 deaths
People from Akershus
People from Vest-Agder
People educated at Kristiansand Cathedral School
Conservatism in

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 Norway
Norwegian footballers
Norwegian expatriates in Argentina
Members of the Storting
Progress Party (Norway) politicians
Politicians from Oslo
Fatherland League (Norway)
Norwegian prisoners and detainees
Prisoners and detainees of Germany
Norwegian activists
Norwegian newspaper editors
Norwegian columnists
Norwegian anti-communists
20th-century Norwegian writers
Political party founders
20th-century Norwegian politicians
Association footballers not categorized by


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<mask> (21 August 1947 – 10 July 2011, aged 63) was an American luthier and machinist from California. In 1974, he partnered with Marc McElwee and Gary Kramer to start Travis Bean Guitars, which made high-end electric guitars and basses featuring machined aluminum necks. This was an unusual design, departing from more traditional wood necked instruments. The aluminum center section ran through the instrument body, with the pickups directly mounted to the aluminum. The majority of these instruments featured solid koa wood bodies and humbucker pickups. Though praised for their sound, the aluminum necks made <mask> guitars heavier than other electric guitars. Models included the Artist, Standard, Wedge (rare), and TB500 (rare) with single coil pickups.Kramer and <mask> parted ways in 1975, with the former starting Kramer Guitars. The first series of Kramer guitars were redesigned aluminum-necked instruments but utilizing wooden inserts along the back of the neck to cut down on weight and provide a more traditional feel; these modifications also avoided patent infringement of <mask>'s original neck design. Around 3,600 guitars and basses were produced between 1974 and 1979. In the late 1990s, <mask> teamed with master machinist/designer B. Kelly Condon and produced a run of 24 high end, custom instruments. These guitars and basses were aluminum-neck instruments, each machined from a 125-pound billet of 7075 aluminum. The pans weighed just over 4 pounds when finished and all were serial numbered and identified inside the pan. Models
TB500 (Bass) - 1 produced
TB500 (Budget Model) - 351 produced
TB1000S (Standard) - 1422 produced
TB1000A

masks:
Clifford Travis Bean
Travis Bean
Bean
Travis Bean
Bean


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 (Artist) - 755 produced
TB2000 (Standard Bass) - 1020 produced
TB3000 (Wedge) - 45 produced
TB4000 (Wedge Bass) - 36 produced

Players

Guitarists
 Steve Albini of Shellac - plays TB500 and Wedge
 Steve Pedersen of Criteria - plays a TB1000S.Matthew Bolger of The Redneck Manifesto - plays TB1000S & TB1000A
 Duane Denison of The Jesus Lizard - played TB1000S (Sea Foam Green)
 Roger Fisher of Heart - played TB1000A
 Ace Frehley - Played a black TB1000S in the '75 KISS ALIVE era. Vincent Gallo plays a TB500, TB1000S, TB1000A and TB3000 Wedge model
 Jerry Garcia - played TB1000A and TB500
 John Haughm of Agalloch - plays TB1000S (natural koa) and TB1000A (black)
 Rubberduck Jones, a Finnish punk rock guitarist, who is most well known as the guitarist of several Pelle Miljoona related bands, like Pelle Miljoona & 1980 and the Suspenders. Stanley Jordan - plays TB1000S
 Alex Kane of AntiProduct, on the recommendation of bandmate Nino Del Pesco, was asked by <mask> to test an early guitar prototype during a gig at the Garage. It was the first, and possibly only, time a guitar from the new run was played during a live performance. Greg Lake
 Keith Levene of Public Image Ltd - played Wedge and TB1000S
 John MacLean of Six Finger Satellite
 Stephen Malkmus of Pavement owns a TB1000A
 Efrim Menuck
 Ceylon Mooney of Pezz
 Eddie Rivas of Leopold and Distorted Pony plays a koa TB1000A and a magnolia TB1000S
 Colin Newman of Wire played a TB1000A during the mid-1980s. Rick Nielsen - Played a red and black TB1000S. Both pictured in his book Guitars of The Stars.Stephen O'Malley of Sunn O))) plays TB1000S
 Buzz Osborne of Melvins
 Joe Perry -


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 played Wedge and TB1000S (black and silver)
 Yannis Philippakis of Foals uses a TB1000S (natural and black) and black TB500
 Lee Ranaldo of Sonic Youth - played TB1000A (several were stolen in July 1999) Also played TB1000S "bullseye" (which was destroyed) and TB1000S
 Keith Richards - played a TB1000 on the Rolling Stones 1975 tour and a custom made 5-string TB1000A during the 1979 New Barbarians tour. Used a black TB500 during the Rolling Stones 1978 Saturday Night Live performance. Brian Robertson played a TB1000A during his time with Thin Lizzy
 Billy Rowe Jetboy (band)
 Kelly Ryall played a TB1000 during early High Pass Filter shows. Ty Segall played a TB1000S and a TB1000A
 Kevin DeFranco of Super Unison Plays a TB1000A
 Garry Shider of Parliament Funkadelic
 Slash played a TB1000S live when he was still with Guns N' Roses. Only known use was on the song "Bad Obsession"
 Ronnie Wood - played a TB2000 on the Rolling Stones 1975 tour, a TB1000A and a white TB500 during the 1979 New Barbarians tour. Milić Vukašinović of Vatreni Poljubac during whole career. Rich Zoran of Bacchus Lotus played TB1000A in the early 1980s.David Lebón of Seru Giran (Argentine rock supergroup) played a TB1000S, natural finish
 Johan Folkesson of Swedish sludge/doom band Switchblade plays TB1000S'
 John Mayer played a TB1000A at various times during the 2019 Fall Fun Run tour with Dead & Company. Bassists
 Liam Andrews of My Disco plays a TB2000. Emidio Clementi of Massimo Volume
 Nino Del Pesco of AntiProduct worked with <mask> and B. Kelly Condon in the 1990s, testing the bass prototypes during the new run. Nino also played the first bass prototype


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 on one song during an AntiProduct gig at the Garage (now the Virgil). It was the first, and possibly only, time a bass from the new run was played during a live performance. Johnny Docherty of The Twilight Sad plays a <mask>
 Peggy Foster, The Runaways, Steve Vai, TB4000 Wedge Bass #25, TB2000 Fretless #248
 Chosei Funahara of Plasmatics - played two of black TB4000 Wedges #5 and #31
 Vincent Gallo plays a TB500 bass, TB2000 and a TB4000 Wedge bass. Matt Gentling of Archers of Loaf plays a TB2000.Bruce Hauser of Touch, Stepson & Honeymoon played a Flamed Koa TB2000 1977 - 1978. It was a gift from Marc McElwee and later stolen when Bruce's home was burgled. Mick Karn of Japan - played a fretless TB2000 serial number 002
 Alan Lancaster of Status Quo
 Bill Laswell 1976 TB2000 {Band} Sonor Eclipes
 Tim Midgett of Bottomless Pit and Silkworm - plays TB4000 Wedge. During Silkworm, Tim played a TB1000S modified to baritone and TB2000. Burke Shelley of Budgie plays a TB2000 occasionally. Bob Weston of Shellac and the Volcano Suns
 Bill Wyman of the Rolling Stones - Wyman used a custom made short-scale TB2000 from 1977 until 1986. A total of 4 short-scale TB2000 bases were made for Wyman.Anders Steen, formerly a member of Swedish sludge/doom band Switchblade played TB2000's

See also
Frying pan (guitar) - The first aluminum neck guitar, 1930s
Veleno (guitar) - another maker of aluminum neck guitars

References

External links
 Travis Bean Guitars - an unofficial site for enthusiasts of the 1970s guitars. 1947 births
2011 deaths
Guitar makers
American luthiers
Machinists
Deaths from cancer in the United States
American musical instrument


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Ketevan the Martyr (, ketevan tsamebuli) (c. 1560 – September 13, 1624) was a queen of Kakheti, a kingdom in eastern Georgia. She was regent of Kakheti during the minority of her son Teimuraz I of Kakheti from 1605 to 1614. She was killed at Shiraz, Iran, after prolonged tortures by the Safavid suzerains of Kakheti for refusing to give up the Christian faith and convert to Islam. She has been canonized as a saint by the Georgian Orthodox Church. Life
Ketevan was born to Prince Ashotan of Mukhrani (Bagrationi) and married Prince David of Kakheti, the future David I, king of Kakheti from 1601 to 1602. After David's death, she engaged in religious building and charity. However, when David's brother Constantine I killed his reigning father, Alexander II, and usurped the crown with the Safavid Iranian support in 1605, Ketevan rallied the Kakhetian nobles against the patricide and routed Constantine's loyal force.The usurper died in battle. According to the Safavid official and chronicler, Fażli Ḵuzāni, Ketevan showed characteristic mercy to Constantine's surviving supporters and his Qizilbash officers. She ordered that the wounded enemy soldiers be treated accordingly and accepted in service if they desired. The Muslim merchants, who suffered in the war, were compensated and set free. Ketevan had Constantine's body laid in rest and sent to Ardebil. After the uprising she negotiated with Shah Abbas I of Iran who was the suzerain over Georgia, to confirm her underage son, Teimuraz I, as king of Kakheti, while she assumed the function of a regent. In 1614, sent by


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 Teimuraz as a negotiator to Shah Abbas, Ketevan effectively surrendered herself as an honorary hostage in a failed attempt to prevent Kakheti from being attacked by the Iranian armies.She was held in Shiraz for several years until Abbas I, in an act of revenge for the recalcitrance of Teimuraz, ordered the queen to renounce Christianity, and upon her refusal, had her tortured to death with red-hot pincers in 1624. Portions of her relics were clandestinely taken by the St. Augustine Portuguese Catholic missioners, eyewitnesses of her martyrdom, to Georgia where they were interred at the Alaverdi Monastery. The rest of her remains were said to have been buried at the Church of St. Augustine in Goa, India. After several expeditions to Goa in the 21st century to search for the remains, they were believed to be found in late 2013. Sainthood
Queen Ketevan was canonized by Patriarch Zachary of Georgia (1613–1630), and September 13 (corresponding to September 26 in the modern Gregorian calendar) was instituted by the Georgian Orthodox Church as the day of her commemoration. The account of Ketevan's martyrdom related by the Augustinians missioners was exploited by her son, Teimuraz, in his poem The Book and Passion of Queen Ketevan (წიგნი და წამება ქეთევან დედოფლისა, ts'igni da ts'ameba ketevan dedoplisa; 1625) as well as by the German author Andreas Gryphius in his classical tragedy Catharina von Georgien (1657). The Georgian monk Grigol Dodorkeli-Vakhvakhishvili of the David Gareja Monastery was another near-contemporaneous author whose writings, a hagiographic work


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 as well as several hymns, focus on Ketevan's life and martyrdom.The Scottish poet William Forsyth composed the poem The Martyrdom of Kelavane (1861), based on Jean Chardin's account of Ketevan's death. Relics and archaeological findings

Portugal
In 2008, it was discovered that Graça Convent in Lisbon, Portugal contained a previously unknown, large panoramic azulejo depicting Queen Ketavan's martyrdom in Persia. The scenes were based on accounts of her martyrdom by Portuguese Augustinian missionaries who witnessed her death. Panoramic tilework was in a state of disrepair and Georgia offered thousands of euros for repairs. In 2017, a full replica of the Portuguese depiction of Ketevan's martyrdom was unveiled in Georgia and displayed at Château Mukhrani. In October 2017, President of Georgia Giorgi Margvelashvili visited Queen Ketevan's mural at the Graça Convent during his official trip to Portugal. Restoration works continued and an agreement was signed between the convent and the National Agency of Cultural Heritage Preservation of the Ministry of Culture of Georgia.India (Goa)
The importance of Queen Ketevan for the Georgian people has led to a relic "hunt" during the last decades, notably in Goa. Since 1989, various delegations coming from Georgia have worked together with the Archaeological Survey of India to try to locate Ketevan's grave within the ruins of the Augustinian convent of Our Lady of Grace, at Old Goa, Goa. These efforts were thwarted because the teams were unable to correctly interpret the Portuguese documents that provided clues as to


texts: Ketevan's burial place. These historical sources stated that Ketevan's palm and arm bone fragments were kept inside a stone urn beneath a specific window within the Chapter Chapel of the Augustinian convent. In May 2004, the Chapter Chapel and window mentioned in the sources were found during a collaboration work between Portuguese and Overseas Citizen of India architect Sidh Losa Mendiratta and the Archaeological Survey of India, Goa-circle (at the time when Nizammudin Taher was superintendent archaeologist). Although the stone urn itself was missing, its coping stone and a number of bone fragments were found close to the window mentioned in the Portuguese sources. Dr. Niraj Rai, Manvendra Singh and Dr. Gyaneshwer Chaubey of the CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India and Estonian Biocentre Estonia carried out ancient DNA analysis on these human bone remains excavated from the St. Augustine convent by sequencing and genotyping of the mitochondrial DNA.The investigations of the remains revealed an unusual mtDNA haplogroup U1b, which is absent in India, but present in Georgia and surrounding regions. Since the genetic analysis corroborates archaeological and literary evidence, it is likely that the excavated bone belongs to Queen <mask> of Georgia. However, it is important to keep in mind that Ketevan's palm and arm bone fragments were kept in the same urn as the complete remains of two European missionaries, friar Jerónimo da Cruz and friar Guilherme de Santo Agostinho. Therefore, it would be crucial to determine the sex and the kind of


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 bone of the fragments tested in order to have conclusive results. According to a story in India's Mint on Sunday newspaper, "additional tests confirmed that the U1b bone came from a woman. So, in 2013, it was established that the bone found in two pieces in 2005 was consistent with being from a Georgian woman". In 2017, celebrating twenty five years of diplomatic relations between India and Georgia, the relics were sent to Georgia for a period of six months during which both religious and scientific events were staged.The Indian government has offered some parts of the holy relics of Goa to Georgia. On July 9, 2021, the relics were handed over to the Georgian government and to Catholicos-Patriarch Ilia II of Georgia by Indian Foreign Minister S. Jaishankar. References
General sources

Lang, David Marshall (1976). Lives and Legends of the Georgian Saints. New York: Crestwood. (Excerpt "The Passion of Queen Ketevan")
Notes

1560 births
1624 deaths
House of Mukhrani
Queens consort from Georgia (country)
People from Georgia (country) murdered abroad
Saints of Georgia (country)
Eastern Orthodox Christians from Georgia (country)
Torture victims from Georgia (country)
Executed women from Georgia (country)
People executed by Safavid Iran
Christians executed for refusing to convert to Islam
17th-century Christian saints
17th-century Eastern Orthodox martyrs
17th-century people from Georgia (country)
Christian saints killed by Muslims
Christian female saints of the Early Modern era
17th-century women rulers
17th-century women from Georgia (country)
17th-century people


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<mask>, NNOM (9 November 1941 – 4 September 2016), was a Nigerian novelist and critic. He won the 1976 African Arts Prize for Literature, and the 1993 Commonwealth Writers' Prize, Best Book Africa. Also a classicist and scholar, he has been described as one of the most brilliant men of his generation and one of Nigeria's most iconic literary figures. His academic career took him to the US, where he lived with his wife and four children since 1991 until his death, in Binghamton, New York. According to Professor G. G. Darah of the Nigerian Oral Literature Association (NOLA), <mask> "will be best remembered for his original contribution to the discourse of oral literature and epics. The value of his scholarship in this area is comparable to that of Professor Cheikh Anta Diop of Senegal on Egyptian sciences and philosophy, Professor Samir Amin of Egypt on African political economy, Professor Ali Mazrui of Kenya on African history, and Professor John Henrik Clarke on African American history and arts." Early life and education
<mask> was born in Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria.His Urhobo father, <mask>, was from Abraka, in Delta State, a retired senior laboratory technician, and his Igbo mother was from Asaba. <mask> attended St Patrick's College in Asaba, going on to University College, Ibadan, from where he earned a first-class Honours degree in Classics. He obtained his PhD in comparative literature from the University of Denver (1976) and a D.Litt. in the humanities from the University of London (2000). Career
His early career began with working at the Federal Ministry of

masks:
Isidore Okpewho
Okpewho
Isidore Okpewho
David Okpewho
Okpewho


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 Education, the Federal Ministry of External Affairs, and the Longman publishers, where he served as an editor for eight years. Subsequently, pursuing his doctorate in the US, he became an academic there, teaching at the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York from 1974 to 1976, University of Ibadan from 1976 to 1990, Harvard University from 1990 to 1991, and Binghamton University. He was a fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in 1982, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation in 1982, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences in 1988, the W.E.B.Du Bois Institute in 1990, National Humanities Center in 1997, and 2003 Guggenheim Fellowship. He also served as President of the International Society for the Oral Literatures of Africa (ISOLA). <mask> died aged 74 on 4 September 2016 in hospital in Binghamton, New York, where he had lived and taught since 1991. Survived by his wife Obiageli <mask> and children Ediru, Ugo, Afigo, and Onome, he was buried in Gate of Heaven Cemetery, East Hanover, New Jersey, on 18 September. Writing and scholarship
Prolific in his output, <mask> wrote, co-wrote and edited some 14 books, dozens of articles and a seminal booklet, A Portrait of the Artist as a Scholar (an inaugural lecture delivered at the Faculty of Education Lecture Theatre, University of Ibadan, on 18 May 1989). He was the author of four respected novels, which are widely studied in Africa and other parts of the world, and translated into other languages: The Victims (1970), The Last Duty (1976, winner in manuscript of the African Arts

masks: Okpewho Okpewho Okpewho


texts: Prize for Literature, an international competition organized by the African Arts Center, UCLA), Tides (1993, winner of that year's Commonwealth Writers' Prize, Africa region), and Call Me By My Rightful Name (2004). As a scholar and proponent of oral literature in Africa, he was particularly noted for his seminal academic monographs The Epic in Africa: Toward a Poetics of the Oral Performance (1979) and Myth in Africa: A Study of its Aesthetic and Cultural Relevance (1983).In the words of Niyi Osundare: "Novelist, poet, folklorist, scholar, and university administrator, Okpewho was a Jack of many trades and master of all, who left his mind-prints on virtually every aspect of African literature and literary studies. With his foundational books, The Epic in Africa and Myth in Africa, Okpewho summoned all his scholarly prowess as a truly First Class Classics scholar and carved out a niche for African oral lore and its inexhaustible possibilities at a time when virtually every claim to high culture and intellectual accomplishment was denied to the 'Dark Continent.'" The many honours accorded Okpewho included fellowships in the humanities from the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (1982), Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (1982), Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University (1988), the W.E.B. Du Bois Institute at Harvard University (1990), National Humanities Center in North Carolina (1997), and the Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation (2003). He was also elected Folklore Fellow International by the Finnish Academy of the Sciences


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 in Helsinki (1993). Selected awards
1972: Winner of the African Arts Prize for Literature, for manuscript of The Last Duty
1993: Winner of Commonwealth Writers' Prize (Africa), for Tides
1998: Dean's Award for Honors Teaching Excellence, SUNY Binghamton
2010: Nigerian National Order of Merit (NNOM) in humanities

Bibliography

Novels
The Victims, Longman, 1970, . US editions: Garden City: Doubleday Anchor, 1971; Washington, DC: Three Continents, 1980
The Last Duty Longman, 1976; 1986,
Tides, Longman, 1993,
Call Me By My Rightful Name, Africa World Press, 2004,

Selected non-fiction
The Epic in Africa: Toward a Poetics of the Oral Performance, Columbia University Press, 1979,

A Portrait of the Artist as a Scholar: An Inaugural Lecture Delivered at the Faculty of Education Lecture Theatre, University of Ibadan, Thursday, 18 May 1989, Longman Nigeria, 1990 (35pp.), .Blood on the Tides: The Ozidi Saga and Oral Epic Narratology, Rochester Studies in African History and the Diaspora, University of Rochester Press, 2014,

References

External links
 <mask> Okpewho CV. G. G. Darah, "<mask> Okpewho: The scholar as epic hero", The Guardian (Nigeria), 17 September 2016. 1941 births
2016 deaths
Nigerian male novelists
Alumni of the University of London
University of Denver alumni
University at Buffalo faculty
University of Ibadan faculty
Harvard University faculty
Binghamton University faculty
People from Delta State
20th-century Nigerian novelists
21st-century Nigerian novelists
Recipients of the Nigerian National Order of Merit Award
20th-century male writers
21st-century

masks: Isidore Isidore


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Lieutenant Colonel <mask> MC, better known as A. D<mask>, (30 September 1897 – 11 May 1966) was a British military officer in the 1st The Royal Dragoons who served in the First and Second World Wars. He was the first non-lawyer to achieve a unanimous verdict in his favour in the House of Lords, and is considered one of London's greatest eccentrics. Early life
The son of <mask>, a diplomat, by his wife Emma Teresa (née King), <mask> was born in Mariupol, East Ukraine. In 1901, the family went to live in Dunkirk; he was subsequently educated in France and Germany, becoming fluent in French and German. World War I
At the outbreak of war, 16-year-old <mask> was in Dunkirk and claimed to have "irregularly attached" himself to Commander Samson's armoured-car unit, witnessing Uhlans being shot on one occasion in Belgium. <mask> wished to see military action. In summer 1915, his father agreed to his son's early entry into the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, from which he was commissioned in less than four months.Less than a week later, he was at the front. On his first night a shell burst near him, splashing over him the entrails of his sergeant (to whom he had just been introduced). <mask> later admitted to being petrified. As the bombardment continued, he dealt with his fear by standing at attention and saluting. As he later wrote, "Within thirty seconds I was able to become again an Englishman of action and to carry out calmly the duties I had been trained to perform". The incident was typical, both of a series of remarkable escapes and his pride at being an Englishman (as opposed to being born "a chimpanzee or a flea, or a

masks:
Alfred Daniel Wintle
. Wintle
John Edward Wintle
Alfred Daniel Wintle
Wintle
Wintle
Wintle


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 Frenchman or a German"). He saw action at Ypres, the Somme, La Bassée and Festubert, supposedly capturing the village of Vesle single-handedly before handing it over to the New Zealanders (who were about to attack it in force).His luck ran out during Third Battle of Ypres in 1917 as he helped manhandle an 18-pounder field gun across a "crater-swamp". The gun-carriage wheel hit an unexploded shell; he woke up in a field hospital without his left eye, one kneecap and several fingers. At age 19, <mask>'s right eye was so damaged that he had to wear a monocle for the rest of his life. He was sent back to England to convalesce by the "infernal quacks"; it appeared that his war was over but <mask> had other ideas. He was soon planning his escape from the Southern General Hospital back to the front, attending a nurses-only dance in their billets (disguised as a nurse) before finally making his escape. He recorded that his monocle was a dead give-away and the particularly unpleasant matron was unimpressed with his antics. <mask> entrained for France with a warrant signed by a friend of his father's; he had a "moderately successful year of action" with the 119th Battery, 22nd Brigade, Royal Field Artillery (RFA).His Military Cross was gazetted in the London Gazette of 2 April 1919, and the citation was published on 10 December. According to his obituary, he received his MC in the mail the same day it was announced in the London Gazette. The citation read:

For marked gallantry and initiative on 4th Nov. 1918 near Jolimentz. He went forward with the infantry to obtain information and personally accounted for 35 prisoners. On 9th Nov. he

masks: Wintle Wintle Wintle


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 took forward his section well in front of the infantry and throughout the day he showed initiative of a very high order and did excellent work. <mask> later recalled that he could not remember anything about either incident. He is said to have regarded the period between the First and Second World War as "intensely boring".World War II
When World War II began in September 1939, <mask> tried everything to persuade his superiors to allow him to go to France. When they refused, he planned to resign his commission and form his own army "to take the war to the Hun". In his book Most Secret War, Reginald Victor Jones recalls encountering Wintle on matters of air intelligence. He was impressed by an army officer with enough technical knowledge to distinguish a spectroscope from a spectrograph, and who noted details in intelligence reports which might have indicated their authenticity (or otherwise). After chatting with <mask> on Horse Guards Parade one morning, he recorded that he was surprised to see a news headline a few days later: "Cavalry Officer in the Tower". After the French surrender, <mask> demanded an aircraft (with which he intended to rally the French Air Force to fly their planes to Britain and continue fighting Germany from British air bases); when refused, he threatened an RAF officer (Air Commodore A.R. Boyle) with a gun.It was alleged that he had threatened to shoot himself and Boyle, and for this he was imprisoned in the Tower of London. On the way to his prison, the lieutenant colonel was escorted by a young soldier via train. The soldier is reported to have lost the arrest warrant; disgusted by this, <mask>

masks: Wintle Wintle Wintle Wintle Wintle


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 declared the man incompetent, told him to wait where he was and went to get a new warrant. Since there was no other officer of higher rank at the warrant office, he signed the paper himself. Of his time in the Tower, he wrote:

My life in the Tower had begun. How different it was from what I had expected. Officers at first cut me dead, thinking that I was some kind of traitor; but when news of my doings leaked out they could not do enough for me.My cell became the most popular meeting place in the garrison and I was as well cared for as if I had been at the Ritz. I would have a stroll in the (dry) moat after breakfast for exercise. Then sharp at eleven Guardsman McKie, detailed as my servant, would arrive from the officers' mess with a large whisky and ginger ale. He would find me already spick and span, for though I have a great regard for the Guards, they have not the gift to look after a cavalry officer's equipment. The morning would pass pleasantly. By noon visitors would begin to arrive. One or two always stayed to lunch.They always brought something with them. I remember one particularly succulent duck in aspic - it gave me indigestion - and a fine box of cigars brought by my family doctor. Tea time was elastic and informal. Visitors dropped in at intervals, usually bringing along bottles which were uncorked on the spot. I don't recall that any of them contained any tea. Dinner, on the other hand, was strictly formal. I dined sharp at eight and entertained only such guests as had been invited beforehand.After a few days of settling in, I was surprised to find that - as a way of life- being a prisoner in the Tower of London


texts: had its points. When his case was heard, <mask> was read the three charges against him. The first was that he had feigned defective eyesight (and infirmity, to avoid active duty). This charge was dismissed after <mask>'s defence provided medical evidence. The second charge was assaulting Air Commodore Boyle, and the third was conduct contrary to (and to the prejudice of) good order and military discipline. To the latter was added the claim that he had drawn a gun in the presence of the RAF officer, and stated that "people like you ought to be shot". Jones recalled that far from denying this, <mask> admitted the act and produced a list of people whom he felt should likewise be shot as a patriotic gesture.The list must have been a topical one; after he had read out the sixth name upon it (Hore-Belisha, then Secretary of State for War), that charge was also dropped. The government, embarrassed by his accusations, upheld the court decision to drop all charges bar one: the assault on Air Commodore Boyle (for which <mask> received a formal reprimand). Jones went on to add that <mask> was in the relatively safe position of being tried by an Army court on charges brought by the RAF. <mask> was then sent abroad to rejoin his old regiment (1st The Royal Dragoons), and went into action gathering intelligence and coordinating raids on the Vichy French in Syria. After the Allied victory in Syria, <mask> was asked to go to Vichy France in disguise to determine the condition of British prisoners-of-war held there. While waiting to make contact with sympathetic elements of the Vichy French government <mask> was betrayed, arrested as a spy and

masks: Wintle Wintle Wintle Wintle Wintle Wintle Wintle Wintle


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 imprisoned by the Vichy. During his captivity, he informed his guards that it was his duty as an English officer to escape; he successfully did so once by quickly unhinging his cell door and hiding in a sentry box before slipping out quietly, but was betrayed and recaptured within a week.<mask>'s guard was doubled from this point on. He responded by going on a 13-day hunger strike in protest against the "slovenly appearance of the guards who are not fit to guard an English officer!" He also informed anyone who would listen (including Maurice Molia, the camp commandant) exactly how he felt about their cowardice and treachery to their country. He informed them that he still intended to escape, and that anyone who called himself a Frenchman would come with him. Shortly after, he sawed through the iron bars of his cell, hid in a garbage cart, and slipped over the wall of the castle, making his way back to Britain via Spain. Molia later claimed on <mask>'s This Is Your Life programme in 1959 that shortly after the escape, "because of <mask>'s dauntless determination to maintain English standards and his constant challenge to our authority" the entire garrison of 280 men had gone over to the Resistance. Postwar years
<mask> had married his wife, Dora, in 1944.After the war, he stood as a Liberal Party candidate for the 1945 general election at Norwood. The seat had little in terms of a Liberal voting tradition, and he finished third with about 11 percent of the vote. He was once so furious about the lack of first-class carriages on a train that he commandeered the engine and refused to move until more carriages appeared. <mask> made


texts: legal history when he brought a legal action against a dishonest solicitor named Nye, whom he accused of appropriating £44,000 from the estate of <mask>'s deceased cousin, by inveigling her into leaving the residue of her estate to Nye in her will. To publicise the case, in 1955 <mask> served time in prison after forcing Nye to remove his trousers and submit to being photographed. He pursued Nye through the courts over the next three years, losing his case on two occasions. By 1958, <mask> ran out of money and had to present the case himself.On 26 November 1958 the Lords announced that they had found for <mask>, the reasons for judgement being reserved. In its subsequent written reasons, the House of Lords held that the burden was on the solicitor Nye to establish that the gift of the residue of the deceased cousin's estate to the solicitor in the will that he had drawn was not the result of his fraud, and that he had failed to discharge this exceptionally heavy burden so that the trial jury's validation of the gift to Nye could not be allowed to stand. <mask> thus became the first non-lawyer to achieve a unanimous verdict in his favour in the House of Lords. A comprehensive analysis of the legal issues in the <mask> v Nye lawsuit is provided by Kerridge in "Wills made in Suspicious Circumstances: the Problem of the Vulnerable Testator". The author provides a brief overview of the factual background to the case and a discussion of the procedural difficulties faced by <mask> in prosecuting the civil case. The author suggests the ultimate victory by Wintle was the "right result by the wrong route", because at the time of the

masks: Wintle Wintle Wintle Wintle Wintle Wintle Wintle